IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

_Z5

2J |j4 ^i"

23 WIST MAM STMIT

VniSTIR,N.Y. 14$W

(7U)«72-4S03

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical lyiicroroproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibiiographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

r~n Covers damaged/

Couverture endommagAe

□ Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurte et/ou pelliculte

Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

I I Coloured maps/

Cartes gAographiques en couleur

□ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

I — I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/

D
D

L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a AtA possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage
sont indiqufo ci-dessous.

|~~| Coloured pages/

Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Reli6 avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows jr distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serrAe peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge int^rieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches aJoutAes
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas M filmtes.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppl6mentaires:

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est filmA au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous.

Pages de couleur

Pages damaged/
Pages endommag^es

□ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul6es

I — I Pages discoloured; stained or foxed/

Pages dAcolortes, tachettes ou piquAes

Pages detached/
Pages d^tachtes

Showthroughy
Transparence

Quality of prir

Quality inigaie de I'impression

Includes supplementary materif
Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire

Only edition available/
Seule Mition disponible

I I Pages detached/

I I Showthrough/

I I Quality of print varies/

I I Includes supplementary material/

I — I Only edition available/

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6t6 filmAes A nouveau de fapon A
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

10X

14X

18X

22X

28X

30X

12X

16X

aox

28X

32X

tails
du

adifier
une
nage

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

Library of Congress
Photoduplication Service

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibillty
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or Illustrated Impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated Impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated Impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — »* (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

IMaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included In one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

L'exempiaire fiimA fut reproduit grAce A la
g^nirosltA de:

Library of Congress
Photoduplication Service

Les images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at
de la nettet6 de l'exempiaire filmA, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
fiimage.

Les exemplaires origlnaux dont la couverture en
papier est ImprlmAe sent film6s en commenpant
par le premier plat et en termlnant solt par la
dernlAre page qui comporte une emprelnte
d'impression ou d'illustration, solt par le second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
origlnaux sont fllmte en commenpant par la
premiere page qui comporte une emprelnte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en termlnant par
la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle
emprelnte.

Un des symboies sulvants apparaftra sur la
dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbols —► signlfie "A SUIVRE", le
symbols ▼ signlfie "FIN".

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre
fllmfo A des taux de reduction diff Arents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul cllchA, II est fiimA A partir
de I'angle supArieur geuche, de gauche A droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'Images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes sulvants
lllustrent la mAthode.

irrata
to

pelure,
nA

□

32X

MAP
NIA SPRIMQS.

Ikmmlk

Scale

» w

ttmuiiu

MAP

lo the

VII6INIA SPRIN6S

^fct//. itmjii-'y

i^A

Haf'^'

Omti"*^

H^^

.F*M'lt'>'"

'fAtvi^r^

Of^

•o-:

/Vrrr/v^f'

" •*-.,

^** y

jfc»«^

>»„

r<e

^»-at

'</.

^w^svrtnr

A^if**-'

»5>1J^

'^!**.

' Wasktngton

•Ji

fOrmm^

'*f'

,»Jfr

Cf,

Sn-OnJlr

fyb/fUia

^!^yiUM!(i«

./t/CM«OWO

R*"^

4k*»«4>

i.^

'<*/«//**» ^/.^

Kimwm

9X . V

AwtA'a

>JX C/?

_<I

^Otf

'''' x^?^

I'iW

?•"

'^'^^^

/«'4WMr A;

flS/i*M^v

>..^

;^^

DaMmlh

'*!>

/fu4»An/

lO*

ifO'

.>••"

/SUftfiMr

^i&fa«

'. ^

]VIirLeral "Waters

wwprs^BStrr:

tniteb States nnb Sattabs,

WIjTH A MAP AND PLATES,

GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR REACHING MINERAL SPRINGS.

p]. MOORMAN, M. D.

Rtsidtnt Physician at the White Sulphur, Lecturer on Anatomy
and Pbyiiohgy in Roanoke College, Fa., ^c„ i^c.

mi j

KELLY & PIET.

1867.

i»^±£i^

i — i n i ir- i i.-Mii-i i n i i n mi ll I I (Miihu a

'•«pi

Entered, Moonllog to Act of Congreai, In the year 1887, by

KELLT k PIET,

In the Olerk'a Offloe of the Dlitrlot Court of HarjrUnd.

• ■•

8. D. GROSS, M. D.

PROFEBSOH OF BCROERT IN JEFFERSON UEDICAL
COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA,

In tMtimbny of a

high appreflittion of hti head

and heart— ai an humble tribitte to hli

diitlngulthcd ability ai a Teacher, Author and Frao-

tiUoner of the Healing Art ; and under the

prooptlngt of a long-cherlihed

penonal friendihlp,

THIS rOLUUB

U HOST BIIFIOTrVLLT IHIOBIBID.

The Author.

T^M^saW?-!**;-: -

'mmmt»mmmmmmF!iff^''ffH!!^K^

»3

di
tb
tfa
ai

m:
mi
qu
ci(

rtwanii^iiiwwi'iiii^'i'^iffi**"'***'' "'

TO THE PUBLIC.

TjlOR more tlian thirty years 1 have directed special attention
1 to the investigation of the nature and medichial applicability
of mineral waters. During this thne, I have resided, throughout
the waterhig season, at the White Sulphur Springs, where, In
the character of Resident Physician, I. have enjoyed ample
opportunities of witnessing the various and modified effects of
the water, ta almost every variety of disease, and state of the
system.

Although my attention, during this time, has been especiaUy
dh^ted to the investigation of tie character of the water of
that spring, I have not neglected the other valuable waters of
the country, nor faUed to appreciate their various peculiarities,
and theh- relative and positive merits.

WhUe my position has enabled me to witness the virtues of
mineral waters in diseases, it has, at the same time, ftiUy satisfied
me not only that their good effects are often lost, but that conse- •
quences highly injurious occasionaUy result from their ii^udi-
cious use.

6 TO TAB PUBUO.

. Impressed with the importance of aiTesting the abuse of the
White Sulphur waters, and of leading to a more correct admin-
istration of them, I published, in 1839, a pamphlet designed as a
" Directory " for the use of these waters. It was with diflSdence
I undertook this pioneer effort in a field so entirely unexplored;
for, although thousands of invalids had, for more than half a
century, annually resorted to these wateid, up to the period of
issuing the "Directory," not a line had ever been published,
relative to their medicinal applicability, or the proper methods
of prescribing them.

Satisfied from experience, that the little e/ort alluded to was
not without beneficial effects in guiding to a more prudent use
of the waters, I published, in 1846, a small volume entitled
" Virginia Springs," and designed to embrace what was then
known of the various mineral springs in Virginia.

In 1855, and again in 1857, new and enlaiged editions of the
work were issued. In 1859, the previous editions having been-
exhausted, a new one, much enlarged, and embractag not only
the Virgmia Sprhigs, but also the Springs of the Southern and
Western States, was issued under the title of the "Virginia
Springs and Springs of the South and Wat" This work being
now out of print, I have the pleasure to present to the public, in
continuation of my labors hi this field of inquiry, the present
volume on the "Mineral Springs of the United States and
Canada."

A gratifying public appreciation, and generous demand for my
previous volumes, have encouraged me to r more extensive in-

- "'i'i*«>iliiiffiWtf2))ffi»

buse of the
rect odmin-
signed as a
li difSdeuce
nexplored ;
than half a
e period of
published,
icr methods

ided to was
prudent use
me entitled
it was then

itions of the
laving been-
ig not only
}uthem and
le ^^ Virginia
work being
be public, in
the present
States and

mandformy
extensive in-

TO THE POBUC. 7

yestigation of the mineral waters of the coimtry, and to make
the present volume embrace the entire series of mineral springs
of North America that are known and regarded a» placet ofpuNie
Toletudinarg andpleamre retort. I have been led to do so from a
belief that a work comprehending in one treatise all the mineral
waters of our continent would not fail to be an acceptable addi-
tion to our Spring literature.

The amount of reUable information that has been made pubUc
in relation to the numerous mineral fountains of America, is
lamentably small, hi reference to the hnportance of the subject.
There have been various essays, and pamphlet publications in
reference to hidividual springs, and in a few instances, volumes
have been published of extensive groups of springs, such as Dr
Steele's Analysis of the Saratoga Waters, and the previous
volumes of the author on the Sprbgs of Virginia and of the
Southern and Western States of the Union. But with the ex-
ception of Dr. Bell's valuable volumes on "Baths and Mineral
Waters," and on the "Mineral and Thermal Springs of the
United States and Canada,"- no effort has heretofore been made
to group iiito one treatise the history, location, analysis, medi-
cinal adaptations, &c., &c., of the entire mineral springs of the
country.

In a notice so extensive of mineral fountains, with the excep-
tion of those of which I have a personal knowledge, I have
necessarily had to depend largely upon the observations and '
writings of others; and, m this connection, I desire to express
my obligations especially, to the labors of my esteemed friend,

H'HI

mtmmmmm'~'

TO THE PUBLIC.

Dr. Bell, of Philadelphia, from whose works I have derived im-
portant facilities.

In treating of springs as medicinal agents, (and it is in that
point of view only that 1 have proposed to treat of them,) it has
been my earnest effort to present them before the public in an
aspect as full and impartial as was possible. So far as the
author's personal knowledge and experience, or reliable informa-
tion obtained fl-om other sources, have enabled him to do so, he
has discharged the task with fidelity.

It is to be regretted that no analysis has yet been made of
many of the mineral fountains of the country, whose rising im-
portance deserve such chemical test. Nor have these fountains,
88 yet, furnished, from observation, such reliable record of their
adaptations as is desirable in forming a proper appreciation of
their merits; hence, in reference to the precise quality and
adaptations of such springs, we are necessarily left to inferences
based upon analogies and somewhat uncertain comparisons.

The absence of an analysis of a. mineral water is less td be
regretted, if a fair and reliable record of its virtues and appro-
priate medical uses be obtained; for it is only by multiplied
&cts, that is, by ea^ierienee of its use, that we can speak positively
of its effects. This being so, it is of especial importance that
there should be an intelligent Resident Physician at each foun-
tain, who would make it his duty careftally to note the character
of the various diseases submitted to its use, and the effects of the
water upon each case. Under such a system, each fountain

t»:i t fe < i u a sg .* v j tf j -t . *ftW ^(ai^'^^i«^-feaaaj!*ow

TO THB fVBLlC.

derived im-

t is in tliat
Iiem,) it has
)ublic in an
far as the
i)le informa-
to do so, he

een made of
) rising im-
e fountains,
ord of their
reciation of
{uality and
inferences
urisons.

i less td be
and appro-
multiplied
k positively
trtance that
t each foun-
le character
fleets of the
:h fountain

would soon establish a reliable record for itself; the invalid would
be greatly assisted in his selecUon of the proper agent to which
he should resort, and the just character of each water be pro-
^ perly understood, and pkced upon a firm and stable foundation.
This field of observation offers large and exciting motives to a
proper medical ambition; for such, as a general thing, has
hitherto been the wUd and hap-hazard empiricism in the use of
mfaieral waters in America, and such is the unportance of so
classifying and systemizmg their uses, that the^ may be pre-
scribed understandhigly and safely, that he, who may contribute
to this end, and thus render them the safe, certam and effective
remedies they were designed tobe bjra beneficent Providence,
may weU feel that he has neither lived nor labored in vain in his
generation.

I wiU only add, that I have endeavored, in getting up this
work, to adhere to the plain, unassuming, practical method,
which was, I think, a characteristic distinction of my previous
volumes, and perhaps their chief merit.

It has been my earnest desire to place in the hands of the
public, and espedaUy of invalids, a short and easy, but a con-
densed and comprehensive, account of the mineral springs of
the American continent, and to indicate with candor, and with
as much plainness as possible, their nature and medicinal appli-
cability.

Wherever I could, with advantage to the public, I have avaUed
myself of the observations of others, and I claim at the ii^nd it

TO THB PUBLIC.

•

of my readers this award of merit, at least: of having honttO^
endeawrtd to make my humNe labort convenient and praetkaUy
vaiucMi to them; not by dazzling, but imcertain theories, nor by
creating hopes that might end in sad disappointment, bat by
pbiin, practical &cts in relation to the nature and proper uses of
our various mineral waters.

In arranging the matter for the volume, I shall treat of the
waters under the heads of the States in which they are respec-
tively found ; and have preferred to introduce the States, rather
in the order of their mineral water similitudes, than in the usual
geographical or jwlitical order in which they are generally made
to stand. Hence, I shall first treat of the Waters of Yirghiia,
and of the Western and Southern States ; and then of those of
the North and East, commencing with the great Mineral Water
State of New York.

I have intentionally avoided in this, as in my previous volumes,
all criticisms upon the improvements of spring property, or of
the character of the accommodations at the several springs.
Such criticism, in a printed voluine intended for reference long
after its issue from the press, would be likely to mislead, and
probably do great injustice; inasmuch as improvements, now
fitttlty, may, before the next season, be rendered very comfort-
able; and bad hotel accommodations are often amended in a day
by a change of landlord or manager. It is of the naiure and
medieinai apptieability of mineral waters that I have felt called
iqwn to write ; and this I have done without pnijudice, fear or

favoi
sprii
sonal
rclial

aree:
honei
thep:

i' ! i i iMM i M lil M i >M « n*

«(iili i i ) M «l BitiiJ* iii ii i : :

tting honttOy
nd prattieaUy
eoriee, nor by
ment, bat by
proper uses of

U treat of the
ey are respec-
States, rather
n in the usual
enerally nuule
B of Virginia,
en of those of
lineral Water

rious volumes,
)roperty, or of
reral springs,
reference long
) mislead, and
rements, now
very comfort-
inded in a day
le TMiure and
iiVe felt called
iudice, fear or

TO THE PUBLIC.

favor; having no interest, dli-cctly or indirectly, in any of the
springs, and influence<l alone in my esthnation of them by per-
sonal observation, or, when this has been wsntlng, from the most
reliable information I could obtain.

I am not vain enough to suppos* that none of my opinions
are erroneous ; to err is both human and common ; but upon the
honest integrity with which they have been formed, the invaUd,
the profession, and the general public may rely.

J. J. MOORMAN,

Whitb SvLPHtm SPBmos, April, 1867,

■ * *■ * tf t- BW a Mqw i rtii » iw ij j if iM ii i! * ilM i u m t m iimnumv n m i i i gi in iii W!'

!af ij *i»»jytti w »Wiiw<i > < ' i i> «**«i ^

., .:,.**U..,0*ili!

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

MINERAL WATERS IN G*NEBAL.

Early Use of, &c., Ac.— Experience the only Guide in the
Adminiatration-Medical Efficacy, &c.— Modus Operandi,
Ac-Length of Time t6 be Used, Ac-General Remarks'
on Administration, Ac, Ac gg

CHAPTER II.

MINERAL WATERS IN GENERAL CONTINITED.

Resemblance to Mercury, Ac-Errors and Abuses of Mineral
Waters, Ac, Ac-Liability to Error in Reference to Sul-
phur Waters-Changing from Spring to Spring-Dress-
Dietr-Ezercise, Ac, Ac. >^

CHAPTER m.

Use of Medicines and Different Mineral \[alen-Fn-
BcriWng Mineral Waters.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER IV.

VinGINIA SPRINGS.

Routes to the Virginia Springs

. 78

CHAPTER V.

WniTB SULPHUR SPRINGS.

Location and General Cliaracteristlca— Its Strength Uni-
formly the Same— Does not Lose its Strength by Parting
with Us Gas— Does not Deposit Its Salts when Quiescent-
Its Gas Fatal to Fish— Its Early History— Known to the
Indians as a "Medicine Water"— First Used by the
Whites in 1778— Progress of Improvement and Present
Condition— Analysis of Mr. Hays and Professor Rogers. .

CHAPTER VI.

The Relative Virtues of the SaUne and Gaseous Contents of
the White Sulphur Water W

CHAPTER VIL

GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE WHITE
SULPHUR WATER.

Directions Meant to be General, not Specific— Must not
Look to the Sensible Operations of the Water for Its Best
Effects— Moderate or Sniall Quantities Generally Prefer-
able— The Best Time for Taking it— Length of Time for

8
C

VAOI.

. 78

;th Unl-
Parting

lescent —

m to tho
by the
Present

iiogers. .

ntentB of

B WHITE

aust not
r its Best
y Prefer-
Time for

CONTENTS.

•16

MM.

which It should be Used— Necessary Preparations of tlio
System for the Use of tho Water— Sensible Medicinal
Effects of tho Water— Effects on the Pulse— Synopsis of
Rules to be Observed— Use of Baths 106

CHAPTER Vin.

DI8EABBB IN WHICH THE WHITE SULPHITB WATEB MAT,
OB MAT NOT, BE USEFULLT FBESCBIBED.

2)y«pep»&i—Q8str8lgla— Water Brash— Chronic Gastro-En-
•teritis— Diseases of.the Liver— Jaundice— Enlargement of
the Spleen— Chronic Irritation of the'Bowels— Costive-
ness—PUes— Diseases of the Urinary Organs— Chronic
Inflammation of the Kidneys— Diabetes. Femak Disecuea :
Amenorrhoea — Dysmenorrhoaa — Chlorosis — Lucorrhoea —
Chronic Affections of the Brain— Nervous Diseases-
Paralysis— Some Forms of Chronic Diseases of tho Chest,
or Breast Complahits, (to be avoided in Pulmonary Con-

■ sumption,)— Bronchitis— Clironic Diseases of the SWn,
Psoriasis, Lepra, Ill-Conditioned Ulcers— Rheumatism
and Gout— Dropsies— Scrofula— Mercurial Diseases^
Erysipelas— Not to be Used in Diseases of the Heart, or
in Schirrus and Cancer 124

Society and its Amuaements at ^ WhiteSu^ur 103

Chalybeate Spring at the White Sulphur 108

16 C0NTBN1S.

CHAPTER IX.

BALT 8ULPBVR SPRIKOa

FAOI.

Situation and Early History— Analysis by Professor Rodgers
—Medical Applicability of the Waters— Iodine or New
Spring— Analysis by Dr. Stewart, &c., &c 200

CHAPTER X.

BED SVLFHTTR BPRINOS.

Situation and Improvements — Analysis — Adaptation to
Diseases, &c., &c '. 200

New River White Sulphur Springs '. 224

Blue Sulphur Spring 22S

CHAPTER XI.

. 8WEET BPBIirOS.

Situation and Early History— Former and Present Improve-
ments—Analysis—Effects of the Waters— Adaptations of
the Waters as a Beverage and as a Bath, &c., 4c 226

CHAPTER XII.

BWEBT CBALTBBATB, OB BED SWEET 8PBIHGB.

Their Analysis— Nature and Adaptations of the Waters as a
Beverage and a Bath— Artificial Warm Baths, &c., &c. . . 285

mamummmimiiiitMmmmmimmm

j fff feseiMi

CONTENM.

PikOI.

todgen

T New

200

ion to
200

224

rove-
ns of

226

asa
c...

CHAPTER XIII.

nOT BPRIN08.

Effects of the Water Internally and Externally UBcd—
Analysis— Diseases to which they are Applicable— Specu-
lations on their Thermalization, &c., &c 24S

CHAPTER XIV.

WARM BFRINGB.

Analysis— Time and Manner of Using— Diseases for which
Employed, .&c., &c 254

CHAPTER XV.

HEALINO 8PBIH0B.

History and Description- Therapeutic Action— DisejwcB for
which it may be prescribed, 4;c., &c. aei

CHAPTER XVI.

BOCKBRIDOB ALUM BFRIMOB.

Early History and Description— ^nailyw^ and Remarks on
Aiudytii — The Name Alum a Misnomer, &c. — Thera-
peutic Effects of the Waters— Diseases in which they arc
Employed— Their Excellent Effects \a. Scroflila, &c., &c. . 260

CHAPTER XVn.

BATH ALUM BPBINOS.

Analysfa— Diseases and States of the System in which they

may be Preacribed ^80

2»

'*'.45ffSPj

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XVJIL

PAQI.

Rockbridge Baths Si«fll

Daggar'B Springs 296

Cold Sulphur Springg 800

Stribling Springs 801

CHAPTER XIX. .

Rawley's Springs 805

Burner's Springs, or Seven Fountains 807

Jordan's White Sulphur Springs • • 800

Shannondale Springs 813

CHAPTER XX.

BATH, OR BERKELEY BPRIHOS.

Early History— Extract from General Washington's Will,
&c.— Bath and Bathing House*— Medicinal Properties of

the Waters— Diseases for which Used, &c 814

Orrick's Springs 828

Capon Springs ' 888

CHAPTER XXI.

Coiner's Black and White Sulphur 828

Roanoke Red Sulphur. 880

Blue Ridge Springs 831

Alleghany Springs 887

Montgomery White Sulphur Springs. 841

"^t m i t i umm a

nfeatoawe .'M (rii«lii«lifiiiliTiiWJlMKB;iaaaifer.. ,

CONTENTS.

PAOI.

SI95

290

800

801

805

807

.. 800

813

B Win,
rtiea of
814

828

880

831

....... 887

841

CHAPTER XXII.

YELLOW BPRINOB.

FASI.

Pulaski Alum SpringH 844

Grayson Sulphur Springs 8A0

Holston Springs Sfli

CHAPTER XXIII.

Fauquier White Sulphur 854

Buffalo Springs 856

Huguenot Springs ., 860

New London Alum Springs ", 861

CHAPTER XXIV.

BPBrNGB or KENTLTKT.

Harrodsburg— Rochester—Olympian— Blue Lick— Estill. . . 865
CHAPTER XXV.

MINERAL BFniMGS.OF OHIO.

Ohio White Sulphur— Its History, Improvements, &c., (fee-
Analyses— Medicinal Adaptations, &c., &c 871

Saline Chalybeate Spring 882

Yellow Spring 388

Westport Spring 884

CHAPTER XXVI.

BPRING8 OF TEMNESeBE.

White's Creek Spring-Robertson's-Winchester-Beersheba
— Montvale — Tate's — Lee's Sulphur and Chalybeate-
Alum Springs— Warm Springs on the French Broad 885

a'"( 1 i

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXVII.

BFRINOS OF NORTH CAROLINA.

tAOK.

"Warm and Hot Springs of Buncombe — Shocco Spr'ngs —
Jones' White Sulphur and Chalyljeate—KittreU's .
Springs 891

CHAPTER XXVIII.

BFRINGS OF BOITTH CAROLINA.

Glenn's— West's— Springs in Abbeville and Laurens Dis-
trict, &c.— Chick's Springs— Williamstown Springs— Ar-
tesian Well in Charleston, &c 806

CHAPTER XXIX.

SPRIN.as IN OBORGIA.

Indian — Madison — Warm Springs — Gordon's — Catoosa
Springs

CHAPTER XXX.

SPRINGS OV ALABAUA.

Bladen Springs-^Bailey's—Tallahatta Springs.

401

CHAPTER XXXI.

8FRIN08 OF WSSISSIPPI.

Cooper's WeU— Ocean Springs

... 408

Im]

Di»
A

Shai

.mu m

liiMiil

-^-—■^

CONTBNIS.

tAOK.

"ngs—
ittrell'a

801

s Dis-

8— Ar-

CHAPTER XXXII.

BPBINOa OF ABKANSAS.

Washita Hot Springs

Springs of Florida

. 408
. 417

CHAPTER XXXni.

MraSBAL BPBISaS OP NB'V TOBK.

Saratoga and Ballston Group-Congress-Putnum-PavU.
lion-Union-High Rock-Iodine-Pkt Rock-Hamilton
Washington-Empire-^, Balkton: Sans Souci-Low's
WeU-Park WeU-New and Old Washington Springs-
Sulphur Springs-Classification of Waters-GeoloS
Position-Thennalization of Waters-Analyses of the

Various Springs, &c., &c.

• 418

atoosa

401

408

CHAPTER XXXrV.

iraW TOBK MINBBAL WATBB8 COSTnTOED.

Improper Uses of the Saratoga Waters and its Evil^In-

IT .'i? ""' '='™" °' ^P^^'' •« *° *»»« Nature
and Use of Mfaieral Waters ^^

Disea^ forwhich the Saratoga Waters may be P«scri'bedl
Albany Artesian WeU-Reed's Mineral Spring-Halleck's

opring, &c

486

CHAPTER XXXV.

NBW TOBK SUIPHTJB 8PBING8.

Sharron Springs-Avon Springs ^

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

NEW YOBK SULPHUB AND ACIDULOUS SPBtNGS.

PAai«

Clifton Springs— Manllus Springs-Chlttenango— Messina
Sulphur Springs— Manllus Springs— Auburn Springs—
Chappiqua Springs-Spring at Troy-Newburg Springs
—Springs in Dutcliess and Columbia Counties— Catskill
Spi-ing-Nanticoke Spring-Dryden Spring-Rochester
Spring— Springs in Monroe County: Gates, Mendon and
Ogden— Vernon Springs— Saquoit Springs— Springs in
Niagara County— Seneca or Deer Lick • Spring— Oak
Orohard Acid Spring— Acid Spring at Clifton. 466

CHAPTER XXXVn.

MtSPBAIi SPBIKGB OF PB31H8YI.VANIA.

Bedford-Fr|6ikfori;-Ohalybeate Spring near Pittsburg-
York Ppjlngfr-Carlisle Springs-Perry County Springs-
IXnlblii* Gap an^ Chalybeate Springs-Fayette Springs-
Bath 5, Chalybeate Spi-ings-Blossburg Spring-Ephrata
%prijtga-Yeliow Springs-Caledonia Springs • • • •

468

CHAPTER XXXVin.

HINBBAIi BPBING8 OF VBBMONT.

^endon QasoouB Springs-Newberry Sulphur Springft-
Highgate Springs— Alburgh Spring.. • • ■ •

CHAPTER XXXrX.

BFBINGS OF MASSACHUBBTTS.

Hopkinton SpringB— Berkflhire Soda Spring.

484

' ■ .m«atmmi>fiJ i'' mm > mmm«W'i' < mmi>»!ii& u nniimiiiiii* ti i l ii ;M i i i i ii niBW i| )| ( i tll

iMI

8^-

CONTENTS.

SOB.

Tkat.

Messina

irings —

Springs

Gatsldll

Dcliester

ion and

ings in

»g— Oak

, 456

CHAPTER XL.

MtNEBAL SFBIN08 OF NEW JEB8ET AND MAINE-

Schooley's Mountain Spring. 486

Saline Lubec Spring in Maine— Dexter Clialybeate Spring. . 488

CHAPTER XLI.

.HINBBAL AND THERMAL WATERS BETWEEN THE MTS-
BI88IFFI AND THE FACIFIC OCEAN.

In California— Oregon— Kansas— New Mexico— Nebraska-
Utah, &c,, &c 480

tsburg—
prings—
iprings—
-Ephrata

468

CHAPTER Xtn.

Table Exhibiting the Thermalization of the Various Warm
and Hot Springs of the United States and its Territories. . 500

CHAPTER XLin.

MINERAL SFBINOB OF CANADA.

Caledonia Spring*— Charlottesville Spring— St. Catharine^s •
Artesian WeUs— Yarennes Springs-^St. Leon Springs—
Plantagenet Spring— Citxton Spring....... 601

Jprings—

484

I j i iniaai aiiiiiM iM

ii»ilMiii,WffifwiJ*" ' # .:..,

THE

ilmml ^fvin^ of % ftiltt^ §Mts,

CHAPTER I.

MINERAL WATERS IN GENERAL.

Boris Um of, die., dic—Experimee the mity Guide in the AdminU-
traiumr-Medieal Effleaey—Modm • Operandi, dx.~Length qf
Time to be Used— General Bemarke on AdminiitnUim.

MiNEBAL waters rank among the ancient reme-
dies used for the cure of disease. The Greeks,
who in knowledge of medicine were superior to
the nations who had preceded them, regarded
natural medicated waters as a special hoon of the
Deity, and piously dedicated them to Hercules,
the god of strength. They used them for drink-
ing, and for general and topical bathing. Hippo-
crates was acquainted with the value and uses of
various mineral waters, and many other Greek
physicians, we are told, employed them for nu-
n^erous diseases for which they are used at this
day.

With the Bomans, mineral waters were a
familiar remedy, not only in Italy, but in all the
countries over whicli that nation obtained do-
minion. Mineral springs were eagerly sought

MINERAL WATERS IN GENERAL.

out in the countries over which their conquests
from time to time extended, and prompted hy
"gratitude for the benefit which they experienced
from their use, they decorated them with edifices,
and each fount was placed under the protection pf
a tutelary deity." (BeU.) Pliny, in his natural
history, treats of various miueraf waters aud their
uses ; and it is a fact worthy of remark, that they
were highly recommended by various Koman phy-
sicians, in the fifth century, in the same diseases
for which they are at this day, so much empldyed
— particularly for nervous and rheumatic diseases,
and for derangements of the liver, stomach, and
skin.

With the modern nations of civilized Eutope,
mineral waters, both as internal and external
remedies, have always been held in high estima-
tion. The national regulations that have from
time to time been adopted to investigate their
virtues and their appropriate applicabilityj-^and to
guard 'against their improper use, sufficiently
manifest the importance that has been attached
to thenS as remedial agents. Henry IV., we are
told, "during his youth had frequented the
Springs of the Pyrenees, and witnessing the
abuses in the employment of so useful a remedy,
sought to correct them after his ascension to the
throne of France. He nominated by edicts and
letters-patent, in: 1663> superintendents and super-
intendents-general, who were charged with the

(
(
e

^
c
s

" ^isjin^m.wi^m mmMti^^msMs

ionquests
ipted by
)erieaced

edifices,
lection pf
s natural
ixid their
;hat they
aan phy-

diseases
mpldyed

ach, and

Eutope,
external
estima-
ive from
te their
'^and to
Bciently
attached
, we are
ted the
Ing the
remedy,
1 to the
lots and
i Buper-
ith the

DISCOVBRY OP THBIR 00N8IITUBNT PARTS. 27

entire control over the use of mineral waters,
baths, and fountains of the kingdom. Most of
the mineral springs and bathing establishments
on the continent of Europe are placed under a
somewhat similar sfi'perintendence, and a resident
physician is also appointed by the eovernment. "
(Bett.) : . ' «*

Although mineral waters had been favorite
remedial agents with the enliahtened nations of
*k? eftJ^th for many centuries, It was compara-
tively"~1mt recently that chemistry, by minute
analysis, was abli^^S^^etermino Vi^" precision
their cdnstituent parts*'* v,

In 1670, the mineral wallers ftf France were first
fully analyzed by a comm%onaW^ by the
Academy of Sciences at Parfs jJbut ifcwa^ot until
1766, nearly ^ hundred ye»\ afterwards, thai
Bayen disooTered the means of sdn^rating sulphur
from sulphurous ^ater^-nor until 1774 Ihat the
celebrated Borgamapn demonstrated the existence
of sulphurated hydr<^en gas, Meanwhife, phy-
sicians stationed at theireveral wateringl places
were active in observing and noting the iLrious
operations of the different waters on the |aman
system, and in determining, froik ezperienA, the
various cases in which they were beneficial br iu-

Experience the only sure Guide ifi ihe Administra-
tion, etc, — After all that science can effect in de-

-«ii . . 'tW i uSyhiiMijUi

18 MINERAI. WATBRS IN GBNERAL.

termining the component parts of mineral waters,
it is experience alone in their use that can be fully
relied upon as to their specific effects, or applica-
bility to particular diseases. Chemical analysis
is important mainly as a matter of general scien-
tific knowledge, and may be so far practically
useful to the physician as to enable him to form
correct gentral views as relates to the nature and
powers of the remedy ; but it is fallacious to sup-
pose that an analysis, however perfect, can ever
enable the physician, in the present state of our
knowledge, and in the absence of practical observa-
tion, to prescribe a mineral water with confidence
or safety.. An accurate knowledge of the com-
ponent parts^of mineral waters might do much, I
admit, to prevent the incessant mistakes and mis-
chief which medical men commit in sending their
patients, hap-hazard, to drink mineral waters
which are often unadapted to their cases ; but it
never can, in the absence of experimental know-
ledge, qualify them for giving specific and detailed
directions for their use. Dr. John Bell, in his
valuable work on " Baths and Mineral Waters,"
has the following sensible and judicious passage
upon this subject: " I wish not," he says, '' to be
ranked among the chemical pliysicians, who,
having discovered the proportion of each foreign
ingredient in the mineral spring, and studied its
operation on the economy, pretend to determine
the general e£feot of the compound. We may,

jij.,)iitfiim

iMilli

iiiiiiffiiiiigMiil i twii • ^ '

BXPEEIBITOB TBB BfiST OUIBB.

1 waters,
, be fully
applica-
analysis
al soien-
actically
> to form
lure and
8 to sup-
can ever
te of our
obaerva-
tnfidence
Lhe corn-
much, I
and mis-
ing their
1 waters
i; but it
»1 know-
detaile^
il, in his
Vaters,"
passage
I, " to be
IS, who,
I foreign
idied its
eterinine
Ve may,

indeed, by a knowledge of the constituent parts,
. predict to a certain extent the medicinal power of
the compound ; but it is only by multiplied facts,
that is, experience of its use, that we can speak
positively of its virtues."

In no other country, perhaps, do mineral waters
abound in greater variety than in the United
States, and it is a subject of sincere regret, that
their nature, applicability, and proper method of
administration should have been so little studied,
both by physicians and the public at large. It is
true that certain opinions generally prevail in en-
lightened circles as regards the curative powers
of some of our more celebrated fountains ; and
these opinions, so far as they go, being generally
founded on experience, may, in the main, be toler-
ably correct. Nevertheless, there is a lamentable
want of information generally, and even among
our more enlightened physicians, as to the specific
nature and adaptation of mineral waters to par-
ticular diseases— \nioTm9X\oix, the want of which
must always disqualify for the safe and confident
recommendation of these valuable agents.

A perfect knowledge of the various influences,
and of the peculiar minute circumstances that con-
trol the use of mineral waters in different systems,
as well as the best methods of using them in cer-
tain pathological conditions of the system, must,
as with all other medicines, be learned from ob-
servation. Now, as physicians but rarely have
8»

MINKRAL VATBBS IN 0KH8RAL.

an opportunity of observing the use of mineral
waters for u sufficient length of time and in a suffi-
cient variety of cases, and as but little has been
written by those who have observed their effects,
it ought not to be supposed that the medical pub-
lic generally would be greatly enlightened on this
subject.

I have said that the opinions generally prevail-
ing in enlightened circles relative to the curative
powers of our principal mineral fountains, being
founded on experience, may, in the main, be cor-
rect. I would not be understood, however, as
advising a reliance upon such << popular fame."
Information of this kind is sufficient to awaken
attention and incite inquiry, but certainly should
not be implicitly relied upon in individual cases.
At best, it is generally " hearsay " opinion, made
up, ordinarily, from partial and empirical sources ;
or, quite as likely, from the prejudiced accounts
which are brought by visitors from the different
watering places, and which are aweqnngly favor-
able, or prejudicial, as they may chance to have
been benefited or worsted, and that without refer-
ence to the specific action of the agent, or that
clear understanding of the pathology of the case,
which would serve as a safe guide in its applica-
tion to others. Every physician knows how prone
persons are to err in the use of medicines, from
the supposed resemblance of cases. Often am I
pained to see persons persevering in the use of a

B
V
I

((

u
d

si
b

«1
cs
tl
to
w

he
bi
I

ge
mi

se]

ie<

nlngipi

mineral
1 a suffi-
as been

effects,
ial pub-

on this

prevail-
mrative
B, being
, be cor-
iver, as
fame."
awaken
' should
A cases.
1, made
lources;
accounts
tifferent
y favor-
to have
It refer-
or that
he case,
ipplica-
w prone
is, from
n am I
ise of a

EXPBUVr^ THB BIPT OUIDB.

mineral water to their evident prejudice, and for
no better reason than that Mr. or Mrs. Such-a-one
was cured of a disease supposed to be similar ; or,
by the general recommendation of some medical
man who sent them to the "mountains" with a
"carte blanche" to use "some of the mineral
waters." Occasionally it has become my painful
duty to advise patients to retrace their melancholy
steps homeward, without using any of the waters,
because none were adapted to their case.

Mineral waters are not a panacea; they act, like
all other medicines, by producing certain eJTecta
upon the animal economy, and upon principles
capable of being clearly defined. . It follows, that
there are various diseases and states of the system
to which they are not only not adapted, but in
which they would be eminently injurious.

Some years since, I was requested to visit a
highly respectable gentleman, who had just ar-
rived at the White Sulphur with his family, from
one of our distant cities. He was in wretched
health, and sought my advice as to the applica-
bility of the water to his case. On examination,
I felt astonished that any medical man of intelli-
gence should have recommended such a case to
mineral waters for relief. I advised the gentle-
man to retrace his steps homeward, and put him-
self under medical treatment, as he had no time
to lose. Accordingly, the ensuing morning he
lecommenced his journey of seven hundred miles

MnrKRAIi WATBB8 IN OBNERAL.

to reach his homo. Medicine did for him what
mineral waters w( re not calculated to do, and I
have since heard of his entire recovery. This
gentleman informed me that he had heen influ-
enced to undertake the distant, and, to him, pain-
ful journey, hy a physician who had never hefore
prescribed for his case, and who candidly stated
to him that he knew but little of the mineral
waters of Virginia; but he had heard of many
cures from their use, and therefore advised that he
should hasten to give them a trial. Influenced
by this vague opinion, the unfortunate invalid had
dragged himself and his family seven hundred
miles, under the vain hope of finding a remedy,
which the physician should, in such a case, have
found in his own office. Now a little more know-
ledge of the nature of mineral waters, and a more
commendable caution in advising their use, would
have prevented the heavy sacrifice this gentleman
incurred. Nor is this by ony means an isoloted
instance ; my case-book furnishes many others
equally strong, that have come under my observa-
tion in the course of my practice.

Medical Efficacy, etc. — Mineral waters are ex-
ceedingly valuable as medicinal agents, are ap-
plicable to a large circle of.cases, and will, unques-
tionably, jcure many which the ordinary remedies
of the shops will not. Nevertheless, it should
always be borne in mind that they are not a

*M|||M>a>MMMiii««

MKOIOAL KTFICACY.

him what
do, and I
ry. This
Men influ-
him, pain-
)ver hefore
dly stated
le mineral
1 of many
led that he
Influenced
nralid had
a hundred
a remedy,
case, have
lore know-
ind a more
use, would
gentleman
m isolated
iny others
ly observa-

rs are ex-
)B, are ap-
11, unques-
y remedies
it should
are not a

cathdicon; that they are not to he used for every
disease; and that, to be prescribed successfully,
they must, like all other medicines, be prescribed
vith reference to the nature and pathology of the
case. Nor is this caution ordinarily more necessary
in using the various medicines of the shops than in
using the more potent mineral waters.

Some there are, I know, who profess to be un-
believers in the medicinal activity of mineral
paters, and who, without denying the benefit that
is often derived from visiting such fountains, at-
tribute the whole to travel, change of air, exercise,
relaxation from business, etc., etc. Now, I freely
admit that these are often important agents in
the cure of a large class of cases ; but, fiom long
experience at a popular watering place, and the
numerous cures I have seen effected from the water
itself, totally disconnected with any of the adjuncts
allnded to, it Would be quite as easy to convince
me that bark is not tonic, that ^o^qp does not purge,
or that mercury will not salivate, as that mineral
waters may not be an active and potent means of
curing disease, entirely independent of the valu-
able adjuvants that have been alluded to.

The advocates of the non-efficacy of mineral
waters i)«rM, would scarcely persist in this opinion,
after seeing the large amount of active medical
material obtained by evaporation from some of our
more active waters; the white aidphur, for instance,
which yields more than one hundred and fifty

MINBRAL WATERS IN GENERAL.

grains to the gallon, and which, upon analysis, is
found to consist of iodine, sulphur, the various
comhinations of soda, magnesia, and other active
ingredients. Would it not be absurd to believe
that so large an amount of these efficient medical
substances, as is usually taken into the stomach
by those who drink mineral waters in which they
abound, could fail to exert dk positive influence upon
the economy? My owii experience for many years,
in the use of such waters, enables me to bear the
most unequivocal testimony as to the dired and
positive influence of many of them upon the human
body. In the language of the celebrated Patissier
I can unhesitatingly say, that, " in the general,
mineral waters revive the languishing circulation,
give a new direction to the vital energies, re-estab-
lish the perspiratory action of the skin, bring back
to their physiological type the vitiated or sup-
pressed secretions, provoke salutary evacuations
either by urine, or stool, or by transpiration; they
bring about in the animal economy an intimate
transmutation — a profound change; they saturate
the sick body. How many sick persons, aban-
doned by their physicians, have found health at
mineral springs? How many individuals, ex-
hausted by violent diseaee, have recovered, by a
journey to the mineral waters, their tone, mobility,
and energy, to restore which, attempts in other
ways might have been made with less certitude of
success." And hence, most cordially do I adopt

.1
n
ai

P<
di

mi
mi
to
sei
lai
vej
die
or<
ela

'i.J ' U ' ilU^A'^ ' .'

MODUS OPERANDI.

aalysis, is
,e various
ler active
to believe
it medical
i stomach
■hich they
lence upon
any years,
3 bear the
iirect and
he human
L Patissier
) general,
rculation,
, re-estab-
>ring back
d or sup-
racuations
ion; they
. intimate
f saturate
>ns, aban-
health at
luals, ex-
sred, by a
mobility,
I in other
»rtitttde of
lo I adopt

the sentiments of the distinguished Dr. Armstrong
who, in speaking of the medicinal effipacy of min-
eral waters, says, <^I dare pledge my ward, that, if
tUy he ordyfvhy and fairly tried, they will he found
am»ig the moat powerful agents which have ever
heen brought to the relief of human maladies."

Modus Operandi, efc.— Various attempts have
.been made to account for the peculiar eflfects of
mineral waters upon the system. They seem to
act, in the first phice, as a simple hygienic agent.
Secondly, they act, in accordance with their con-
stituent ingredients, specifically on the animal
economy. Mineral waters exert their more im-
portant influences upon the human body upon a
diflferent principle from many of the articles of the
materia medica; they are evidently absorbed,
enter into the circulation, and change the consis-
tence as, well as the composition of the fluids; they
course through the system, and apply the medical
materials which they hold in solution, in the most
minute form of subdivision that can be conceived of
to the diseased surfaces and tissues ; they reach and
search the most minute ramifications of the capil-
laries, and remove the morbid condition of those
vessels, which are so commonly the primary seats of
disease. It is thus that they relieve chronic dis-
ordered action, and impart natural energy and
elasticity to vessels that have been distended either
by inflammation or congestion^ while they com-

H I

Je^ni i».l»**^»K s^

-4

9«

MINEBAL WATERS IN OEKERAL.

municate an energy to the muscular fibre and to
the animal tissues generally which is not witnessed
from the administration of ordinary remedies.

Many of the articles of the materia medica seem
to act by sympathy and counter-irritation, and
to cure one oiigan of the body by irritating another ;
thus calomel, by irritating the stomach and duode-
num, is made to act efficiently upon the liver, to
which organ it has a strong specific tendency.
Not so, however, with mineral waters ; they never
cure one organ by irritating another. I can with
confidence assert, that I have neyer seen mineral
waters successfully used in any case in which they
kept up a considerable irritation upon any of the
organs of the body.

Both physicians and patients are quite too much
in "the habit of looking to the immediate and aeneir
Ue cperationa of mineral waters, and of judging
of their efficacy from such effects. In most
oases, it is serviceable for such agents to open the
bowels gently; and in some, it is best for them to
purge actively. Occasionally, advantage is de-
rived from promoting an increased flow of urine
or perspiration ; but, as a general rule, the greatest
good is derived from the absorption of the water,
resulting in that "profound change" spoken of
by Patissier, or, in other words, the (dieraiive
action of the remedy. It should always be borne
in mind that this profound change — this alterative
^edb — ^is incompatible with constant or. active

t
I
t

WHil-gtiftahniltWip

' . ..iiMmiiiii

iiiritiiiiii^^

MODCB OPBRaNDI.

bre and to
; witnessed
tedies.
edica seem
atlon, and
g another ;
ind duode-
le liver, to

tendency.

they never
I can with,
en mineral
iirhich they
any of the

e too much
; and senai-
of judging
In most
bo open the
for them to
tage is de-
>w of urine
;he greatest
the water,
spoken of
i alteraiive
ys be borne
is (lUeraiive
i or. active

action of the water upon any of the emunctories.
This, unquestionably, is true as relates to the
White Sulphur Water, and I believe it to be so
with all alterative waters.

So well convinced am I, that the alterative actum
IS the real curative action eflTected by sulphur
waters, in nine cases out of ten where any serious
disease exists, that, ordinarily, I am not solicitous
to obtain much daily increase of evacuation from
any of the emunctories. On the contrary, I ofteii find
great advantage from the administration of some
appropriate means to prevent the too free action of
the water, especially on the bowels and kidneys.
As a general rule, it is far better that such waters
should lie qmetly upon the system, without mani-
festing much excitement upon any of the organs
and producing, at most, but a small increase in
the quantity of the ordinary healthy evacuations.
The quality or kind of evacuations produced by
mineral waters is a matter of far more importance,
and, when strong sulphur waters are used, never
fail to evidence the existence and the egctent to
which alterative action is going on in the system,
and to this persons using such waters should
always pay a careful attention.

I have said that the best effects of mineral
waters are their alterative ot changing effects ; an<l
that in the administraiion of the White Sulphur,
I do^«ot, ordinarily, desire to proyoke much
increase of the natural evacuations. I do not
4

imnSBAL WATBBS at GENEBAL.

viS'.

wish, however, to be understobd, by this general
declaration, as laying down an absolute rule of
practice to govern all cases, nor to apply in
reference to all waters. The administration of
mineral waters, like the administration of every
other remedy, should be governed in reference to
the particular character and demands of each case ;
and in such discriminating practice it will some-
times be found best to use them in a manner to
produce active operations for a short time. I
have, indeed, generally found, that those who are
actively purged by mineral waters, if they have
strength to bear it, will be best satisfied with the
remedy <U the time, and, in fact, are apt to feel
better (U the time, than those upon whom the water
is exerting but little or no purgative effect. It
may be laid down as a general fact, in the use of
all alterative waters, subject to but few exceptions,
that those on whose bowels they act freely, will
feeLbest while at the Springs; while those who are
but little purged, will feel best after they have h/t
the Springs, and will, ordinarily, enjoy the most
permanent advantage. The reason of this is
obvious; in the first case, the active purgation
throws off the gross humors of the body, and the
patient feels promptly relieved ; in the other case,
the remedy lies upon the system, is absorbed, and
gradually produces its changing influences — bring-
ing the various secretory functions into a healthy
condition — unloading and cleansing the machinery

n i jtMi i r»|iii|lil l ()» i if ij.i| ii |ni

i > ig > gy^ '

HOW LOKO TO BE USED.

is general
te rule of

apply in
bration of
1 of every
ference to
iach case ;
irill Bome-
nanner to

time. I
e who are
;hey have
. with the
pt to feel
the water
eflfect. It
the use of
sceptions,
eely, will
e who are
r have Uft
the most
f this is
purgation
', and the
ther case,
rhed, and
8 — hring-
a healthy
machinery

of the economy—silently putting its wwha to
rights, and giving them their natural and healthy
motion. All this requires time for its accom-
plishment ; and hence, we often hear persons say,
" I was no hotter while at the Springs, hut I
hegan to mend soon after I left, and have continued
hotter since." Declarations of this kind we con-
stantly hear hy persons who have previously
visited alterative Springs ; and they verify the
correctness of my proposition.

Length of Time to he used, etc.— To acute diseases,
mineral watercrare not adapted ; for all such they
are too exciting, too prone to increase the activity
of the circulation, and to stimulate the general
system. It is in chronic diseases only that they
are found so eminently serviceahle. By chronic
diseases I mean those slow diseases of the system
uniformly attended either with simple excUemmt,
chronic inflammation, or chronic congestion of the
hjood-vessels. To he permanently beneficial in
diseases of this description, the use of mineral
waters, like the disease for which they are taken,
should be "chronic." I mean an instantaneous
cure should not be expected ; but that the remedy
should be persisted in, and the cure gradually
brought about. Sulphur waters, especially, may
be easily brought into disrepute by short and im-
perfect trials of them. To prove effectual, " they
should for the most part be continued dAily^ia

~. . ■nt . -. l^, .JBi:., ji rriit i il liMi

^>llnii#-W4#rt*jia^$1^^VjT*ii ,

HTSEBLAh WATEBS IN GENERAL.

sufficient quantity until the disease gives way, or
until their inefilcacy has been fairly proved by an
unremitted perseverance. In some cases of opthal-
mia, of rheumatism, and alight cutaneous affections,
I have known them to effect a cure in two or three
weeks, while in other cases, apparently similar in
all respects, twice, thrice, or even four times that
period has elapsed before the cure had been accom-
plished ; and what is here affirmed of these ex-
ternal affections, is still more strongly applicable
to internal diseases, which are seldom speedily
overcome by these waters, how completely soever
they may yield at last. In illustration of this
point, as to internal diseases^ it may be mentioned
that I have seen both chronic inflammation of the
liver, and chronic inflammation of the rectum,
where no benefit was produced for three or four
weeks, and yet a contimiation of the waters for six
or eight weeks longer has effaced every vestige of
the morbid indications for which they were pre-
scribed." (Armstrong on Sulfur WcUers.)

There is no greater folly in the' use of mineral
waten?^ than that of laying down a definite period
of time for which they should he used, without re-
ference to their effects upon the system. Like all
other medicines, mineral waters should be used,
discontinued, or modified in their use, with a
strict regard to their operations upon the body,
and to their good or bad effects upon the disease.
Whenever prescribed, their operations should be

» » jii) ji i»i . > i>« i _' i

ssm^

HOW LONG TO BB USED. #1

watched with the same care with which we watch
the effects of any other medicine ; and they should
be persevered in, or temporarily or permanently
discontinued, or controlled in their action by some
appropriate adjuvant, according to the indications
presented in each case.

It will occur to every reflecting mind, that the
expectation of being cured, or even essentially
benefited, in an obstinate chronic disease, from a
few days' use of any mineral water, is altogether
unreasonable. Nevertheless, I have often seen
persons at watering places despairing of the effi-
cacy of the remedy, simply because it had not
produced an obvious and appreciable benefit in five
or six days. A sort of stereotyped opinion indeed
prevails with numerous visitors to such places,
that the water should not in any case be used
longer than two weeks. I scarcely need say that
this is a most erroneous opinion, and often inter-
poses between the patient and his recovery. It is
true, that some who hold the unwarrantable
opinion alluded to, perseveringly endeavor to
drink as much in the *' two weeks" as they should
do in six, but this only serves in a common way
to make them abandon it four or five days before
their prescribed time, by absolutely disqualifying
the system for its reception at all.

I can say, as the result of many years' observa-
tion, that the White Sulphur, which is one of the
strongest sulphur waters in the world, rarely
4*

IflNERAL WATEBS IN OBNERAL.

produces its full alterative effects withia two
weeks, under its most judicious administration,
and under favorable circumstances for its use ;
and that three, four, five, and even eight weeks
often elapse before it has displayed its full reme-
dial powers in obstinate cases. And such will be
found to be the case with all alterative waters.

General Semarka on the Administration, etc. , etc.
Mineral waters are all etimvlanta in a greater or
less degree, and some have attributed much of
their virtue to this property. Such an opinion,
however, is cleariy erroneous. I have already
remarked that such waters are rarely serviceable
when they keep up any considerable irritation of
an organ. I now remark, that any considerable
excitement of- the general organism is equally
prejudicial : indeed I have often been embarrassed,
and sometimes thwarted in the successful use of
mineral waters, from the prevalence of this
quality. The amount of excitement resulting
from the use of such waters depends upon the
nature of their donstitu^t principles ; upon the
quantity taken, the manner of taking it, and the
excitability of each individual's constitution. If
it be tt water abounding in sulphuretted hydrogen
gas, the most essential difference exists in taking
it toUh or unthout its gas; that is, in taking it
fresh at the spring, or after its gas has flown off.
In the use of the Svlphur Wat«r9, with or without
their peculiar gas, the most marked difference

i .ii !| [ l .li] i ii l n lil)ili [i l i i

'IJ'^jI Wi

THEIB ADMIMISTBAnON.

thia two
istration,
its use ;
ht weeks
111! reroe-
h will be
aters.

;reater or
much of
opinion,
) already
rvioeable
itation of
siderable
I equally
arrassed,
al use of
of this
resulting
ipon the
ipon the
, and the
ition. If
lydrogen
in taking
l»king it
flown off.
r without
Ufferenoe

exists in their stimulating quality, and it is
greatly advantageous in many cases, particularly
in very excitable persons, to have the gas expelled
in part, or in whole, before using them.

Some mineral waters, by varying the method of
their administration, or by the interposition of
appropriate adjuvants, are capable of extensive
and valuable modified actions and effects upon the
human body. The White Sulphur is susceptible
of as many varied, different, and modified actions
upon the system generally, and upon its particu-
lar organs, by varying the methods of using it, as
is mercury, or antimony, or any of our leading
therapeutical agents. For instance, it can be so
used as to stimulate distressingly ; or, without any
appreciable stimulating effect. It can be so given
as almost invariably \jop^rge adivdy; or, without
lessening the quantity producing such effect, but
merely by changing the time and manner of
taking it, it can be so given as to exert little or
no cathartic operation. It may be directed to, or
restrained from, the kidneys, or skin ; and what,
in a general way, is far mora important, it can be
so used as to lie quietly on the system, producing
no excessive action upon any of the organs, and,
with a quiet but sure progress, go on breaking
up the obstructions in the glandular organs and
removing the impediments to the proper discbarge
of their functions : equalizing the circulation, re-
moving chronic inflammations, and generally re-
storing the energies of the system.

•W

mMA^^^^-^

iw^MtAMMM^diaviMMMtoiUftM

UmSRAXi WATERS IN 0B5HRAL.

CHAPTER II.
MINERAL WATERS IN GENERAL.

COKTISVBD.

SmrnUanee ^ *>»m Mineral Waten to Mercury— Err<n-$ and
Abute of Mineral Water$, die., de.—Ohanuing from Spring to
Spring— Drm— Diet, Eicu^eiie, dbe.

Besemblance to Mercury, etc. — Between the ac-
tion of mercury, and the more poniferful of the
sulphur waters, on the organic system, the most
striking similarity exists. Dr. Armstrong long
since remarked the resemhlance between mercury
and the sulphur waters of Europe, and confidently
expnessed th' opinion that the latter are equally
powerful as the former, in their action upon the
secretory organs ; and with this very important
difference, that while the long-continued use of
mercury, in chronic disease, generally breaks up
the strength, that of the sulphur waters gener-
* ally renovates the whole system. Mercury has
heretofore, by common consent, been regarded as
the most powerful alterative we possess. I am
not prepared to dispute this high claim of the
medicine, but this much I will assert, as a matter
of professional experience, that sulphur water, in

Bhrcn dnA
n Spring to

1 the ac-
il of the
the most
>ng long
mercury
nfidently
i equally
ipon the
nportant
d use of
reaks up
8 gener-
iury has
arded as
I. I am
Q of the
a matter
rater, in

RESEMBLANOB TO MERCURY, ETC.

my hands, has proved an alterative quite as cer-
tain in its effects as mercury, though somewhat
slower in its operations. Not only so, I believe it
to be far better adapted than mercury to a large
circle of cases, in which glandular obstructious
and chronic inflammations are to be subdued. If
the claims of the two remedies for preference were
otherwise nearly equal, the great advantage on the
score of safety from the sulphur water would give
it an immense preference over its rival. Numer-
ous cases present themselves, however, in which
they are used in conjunction to great advantage.
Where this becomes necessary, I have, as a gen-
eral rule of practice, found it best not to continue
the mercury longer than six or eight days ; nor is
it often necessary to use it continually during that
period.

The effects of the White Sulphur Water upon
the human body resemble mercury in several re-
spects. Not to mention others, its resemblance is
strikingly manifest from the fact of its producing
salivation * under certain peculiar circumstances.
Another marked similarity may be mentioned,
especially as it has a direct bearing upon the
proper method of its administration : I allude to the
existence of a phlogistic diathesis in individuals

*Dr. SalBbaiy, the Resident Pbysician at Avon Springs, has
witnessed similar effects ttom the Avon water.

-r i

m knrsBAL watow in obkbiul.

with whom either remedy is used. When the
system resists the specific action of mercury, it is
a certain test that the inflammatory diathesis pre-
vails to a considerable extent, and this is the cause
of the resistance ; for lessen the inflammatory
diathesis by proper evacuations, and the specific
action of the mercury will be readily induced.
The system often ofiers the same resistance to the
successful use of this water, which is evidently
occasioned by the excess of the inflammatory
diathesis, inasmuch as when the inflammatory
disposition is abated by the lancet, purgatives,
etc., the water promptly produces its wonted good
effects. In the administration of this particular
water, it is of the utmost consequence to keep this
practical fact constantly in view, and, by proper
treatment, to keep down both general and local
excitement.

Notwithstanding mineral waters are so well
adapted to the cure of chronic diseases, it should
not be expected that they will be uniformly suc-
cessful; for it must be remembered that such
diseases are only remediable when unconnected
with alterations of organic tissue, which is their
ultimate and mortal product. Nor is it reasonable
to expect that any plan of treatment will succeed
in all cases of chronic disease, unconnected with
alteration of tissue; and I have accordingly
found the methods recommended at times ineffec-
tual, even when they were tried under circum-

i
t
I

s
I
I
a

BRR0B8 AND ABUSI.

7hen the
ury, it is
fiesis pre-
tho cause
mmatory
e specific
induced,
ice to the
evidently
mmatory
mmatory
irgatives,
ited good
larticular
keep this
»y proper
and local

so well
it should
rmly suc-
hat such
!onnected
i is their
sasonable
1 succeed
ited with
;ordingly
8 ine£fec-

ciroum-

stances which simply indicated disorder of the
function, without any concomitant sign of disor-
ganization.

Errora and Abuse of Mineral Waters, etc., etc.—
I have before alluded to some of the abuses of
mineral waters by those who resort to them for
relief ; this subject, 1 conceive, may be still fur-
ther pursued with profit to my readers. To one
familiar with the many errors and mistakes com-
mitted in the use of mineral waters in this coun-
try, it will not seem wonderful that numbers
return from visiting our most celebrated watering
places, without having received any essential
benefit, but be rather a matter of surprise that so
large an amount of good is achieved. The pre-
cautions in the use of such waters, deemed indis-
pensable in France, Germany, and England, are
greatly neglected here. There, the advice of a
competent physician, who is well acquainted with
the nature and peculiarities of the water, is
thought so important, that persons rarely enter
upon their use without such advice, and, at some
places, are actually not permitted to do so. If
similar precautions were more commonly adopted
by visitors at our various watering places, a far
larger amount of good would be achieved to the
afflicted, much injury prevented, and the charac-
ter of the several waters better established and
preserved. It is a subject of daily and painful

MINERAL WATBBS IN OBNERAL.

observation^ at all our principal watering places,
to witness numerous indinduals using mineral
waters that are not adapted to their cases ; and
still more common is it to see those, to whose
cases they are adapted, using them so improperly
as entirely to prevent the good they would accom-
plish under a proper administration. Professor
Mutter, of Philadelphia, makes the following
judicious remarks when speaking of the use and
abuse of mineral waters in this country: "Like
every other remedy of any efficacy, mineral waters
are liable to abuse, and it is really astonishing
that such glaring errors should be daily com-
mitted, not only by the patients, but often by the
physidana who recommend their employment. It
is by no means an uncommon -occurrence (and
those who have visited the springs of our country
will bear me out in the statement I am about to
make,) for an individual to arrive, furnished with
a 'carte hlanche,' from a physician who has probably
little or no knowledge of the active properties of
the agent he recommends, to use the water as he
may see fit, or with merely a charge to ' use it with
caution.' Others are sent without any direction
whatever, in the hope that the water may auit
their condition, and come trusting in Providence
alone. Others, again, arrive with written in-
structions to drink so many glasses of the water
per diem, whether it agrees with them or not.
Many patients do not take the advice of a physi-

g places,
: mineral
wes; and
to whose
iproperly
Id accom-
Frofessor
following
i use and

: "Like
al waters
tonishing
lily com-
en by the
nent. It
ince (and
r country

about to
shed with

probably
perties of
ter as he
tae it with
direction

may suit
rovidence
itten in-
the water
1 or not.
' a physi-

BRR0B8 AND ABUSB.

4»

cian at all, but,.relying on the representations of
those who have derived benefit, imagine that they,
too, will be cured, although, in all probability,
from the nature of their disease, the water may
be the most prejudicial to which they could resort.
Used in this careless and dangerous manner, is it
to be wondered at, that so many individuals leave
the springs, either not at all benefited, or in a
worsfl condition than when they arrived ?

The regulations which are thought necessary,
and which are adopted in most European coun-
tries, especially Prance and Germany, during the
use of a mineral water, are either unknown or
neglected in this. There, nearly every spring is
supplied with an experienced physician; one
familiar with the character of the water, whose
duty it is to take charge of the sick as they ar-
rive ; here, with but one or two exceptions, those
who frequent our watering places have to rely on
chance for medical aid. Is this as it should be ? "

A vague impression seems to pervade the public
mind, that mineral waters, as medicinal agents,
are totally unlike all other medicines, and that, in
their administration, there is no necessity for ob-
serving any cautions, or for adopting extraneous
expedients to procure the best effects of the agent
employed. This is an error as injurious as it is
common,and ought to be corrected in the public
mind. Our more potent mineral waters ought
indeed to be regularly incorporated into our mate-

MINERAL WATERS IN aSNERAL.

riamedica, their several qualities properly defined,
and the medical mind thus instructed to regard
them, not only as valuable therapeutical agents,
ji>er ae, but as agents capable of extensive and val-
uable modifications in their application to disease.
A pathological practice should be established in
relation to them, not less strict than in relation to
the ordinary remedies of the shops, and the best
means of influencing their sanative operations on
the system understood..

The physician who desires to throw his patient
under the cdferative influence of mercury, is not
so discouraged as to abandon the remedy, if it
chance at first to run off by the \)owels, and tifus
thwart his object ; but either by changing the
method of using his medicine, or by uniting with
it some o'^'^^^hing astringent, he ultimately effects
the impori ' object in view. Neither should the
patient h ^^ >uraged in the use of a mineral
water be&^.w.» jic occasionally manifests a vagrant
and improper effect ; for facilities can be com-
manded to control its operations, as readily as
we can control the improper (^orations of mer-
cury. Such facilities may generally be found,
either in an increase or diminution of the quantity
taken-^4in alteration of the vcriode at which it has
been taken — or, in the manner of using it, (where
gases prevail,) in relation to its gaseous or un-
gaseous form. Occasionally, medical adjuvants
are found necessary, and then I have been in the

i«irtto-iiil|iyi>iaWMa>fti

■r<'s3»^'»»^'''^-^'

!iliiK«i

'••~iS$

LTABIUTT TO ERBOB.

defined,
I regard
agents,
and val-
disease.
sbed in
lation to
bhe best
tions on

I patient
', is not
ly, if it
nd tifas
:in^ the
ng with
f effects
luld the
mineral
vagrant
be com-
idily as
of mer-
fonnd,
[uantity
h it hag
(where
or un-
juvants
% in the

hi^bit of using those most simple, and those which
least derange the animal economy.

As a general rule, I have found mineral waters
most serviceable in those cases in which the
stomach and general system tolerated them
readily ; yet such toleration depends so much upon
the proper preparation of the system, and the man-
ner of using the water, that the patient should by
no means infer that it is unsuited to his case simply
because it has manifested some improper operation
in the commencement. For, as before intimated,
it will often happen, that by changing the method
of using the water, or by the administration of
some appropriate adjuvant, the difficulty will be
removed, and the agent afterwards act most
pleasantly and profitably upon the system.

Liability to Error in Be/erence to Sulphur Waters.
While on this subject, it is not inopportune, I
conceive, to allude to a popular and common error
in reference to the quality of sulphur waters in
goaeral — an error into which the intelligent as
well as the ignorant are prone to fall, — I allude to
the very common mistake of forming a judgment
as to the strength and value of a sulphur water
merely from its taste and smM. Most persons who
have not carefully investigated the subject, are
ready to believe that they have discovered a val-
uable sulphur fountain when they have found a
water abounding in sulphuretted gas. This, as a

«a

WniTB SULPHUR sprhtos.

generaUthing, would be a mistake, and, as it is a
mistake that might lead to a profitless use of such
waters by invalids, it seems proper that attention
should be distinctly called to it.

I have elsewhere* sufficiently contested the idea
that sulphuretted hydrogen) gas ought to be re-
garded as an efficient medicinal agent, except so
far as its nervine and stimulant qualities give it
such claims. I do not now propose to go over the
arguments for the correctness of this opinion —
they are sufficiently set forth in the chapter alluded
to — ^but merely to enter up this caveat for the bene-
fit of sulphur water drinkers,— -that the mere fact
, of water being strongly impregnated with aulphti'
rdted gas, is not, of itself, a sufficient evidence that
it is a valuable remedial agent.

We often see waters abounding in this gas, and,
to the taste and smell, very much resembling the
best of our standard waters, and hence imagined
by many to be identical in quality and equal in
strength to them, but which, upon trial, are ascer-
tained to have but little medicinal value, and are
found, by analysis, essentially without body, with
little efficiency in their medicinal salts ; or, with
a oombincUion of saline matters not well adapted to
give them medicinal virtue.

* Chapter on the " BelatiTe Inflnenceof the Gaseoqs and Solid
Contents of Uw White Sulphur Water."

UABIIITT TO KRROR.

18 it is a
3 of such
ittention

the idea
be re-
xcept so
i give it
over the
pinion —
r alluded
:he bene-
lere fact
i aviphu-
mce that

;as, and,
ling the
nagined
squal in
re ascer-
andare
iy, with
or, with
apted to

I and Solid

Neither does the color, nor abundance of de-
posits, made by such waters, as they flow from
their source, do more than aflford a problematical
evidence of their value. •

First. Because it is to the qualUy of the saline
matters, rather than to their abundance, that we
are to look for medicinal efficacy ; and.

Second. Because the color of the natural depos-
its of all sulphur waters, unmixed with foreign
bodies, as I have elsewhere said, is always essen-
tially the same, being invariably white or opake-
white ; the various shades of blue, gray, red,
black, etc., being occasioned by the influence of
light and shade, or being chemical changes, occa-
sioned by their coming in contact with foreign
bodies.

The color of the deposits of such waters, it will
be seen, then,,cannot to any degree indicate their
quality or value. A large amount of deposit of
saline matters, yielded by any mineral- water, is
Bixoug presumptive evidence of its strength, but is
not conclusive evidence of its medicinal value, in
the absence of a knowledge of the peculiar qual'
ity and combination of such saline matters. Hence
we should not hastily judge of the value of a min-
eral water by the color of its deposits, nor even by
the large amount of its deposits, but by their qual-
ity, and the proportions in which they are rela-
tively combined in the water, forming a compound

WHITB SULPHUR SPRINGS.

Buitod to the great mission of modifying and heal-
ing disease.

Springs are -occasionally found that abound,
either largely or sparsely, in sulphuretted gas,
and that contain but little saline salts ; and yet
such springs are often valuable for particular
forms or types of disease, and are rendered so from
the quality and fortunate combination of their
salts. On the other hand, waters may abound
largely in saline matters, and some of these saline
matters be valuable, too, a% single agents, yet the
entire compound which they form may not be well
adapted for sanatory and medicinal influences.

CHANGINO PROM SPRING TO SPRING.

A very common error, in the use of Mineral
Waters, is the belief that the patient should often
change from one water to another, and that no one
should be used longer than some given number of
days, and this without any reference to its effects
upon the system. This absurd notion leads many
persons to fly from spring to spring, performing
in a few weeks or days the circuit of the whole
*'tpring region," and without remaining long
enough at any one to receive permanent benefit.
Now, if the position heretofore laid down be cor-
rect, that '' mineral waters, like all other med-
icines, cure disease by exerting e^fecta upon the
animal econoiiiy," the impropriety will be obvious

' ^IMIMINUUiK

•mf

mmm

nd heal-

abound,
ted gas,
and yet
irticular
i 80 from
of their
abound

sei
yet the
t be well
nces.

Mineral
lid often
it no one
imber of
B effects
Is many
forming
e whole
ig long

benefit.

be cor-
er med-
pon the
obvious

CUAKOINO FROM SPRINO TO PVRINO.

to all of rapidly hastening from one fountain to
another, without tarrying long enough at any to
receive those effects upon the body which are
.necessary to a cure. Such a water-drinker acts
like the " maid of all works," always busy, but
accomplishing nothing.

What would be thought of the physician, who,
having decided that his patient must undergo the
influence of alterative action upon his system, and
having put him upon a course of mercury to
accomplish the object, should, just before this drug
would have accomplished the end, discontinue its
use, and put him upon iodine ; and, just as this
was about to alterate the system, abandon it and
substitute sarsaparilla ; and thus, from one drug
to another, running through the whole routine of
alterative remedies, without giving any sufficient
time to effect the object ? This would surely be an
absurd method of practice ; and yet it would not
be more^bsurd than the course we often see pur-
sued by visitors at mineral springs,— who literally
waste their whole time in going frctm fountain to
fountain, and thus debar themselves of all perma-
nent good, by spending their time rather among
the springs, than at any one of them. The state
of mind which leads invalids thus improperly to
act, is often induced from the random opinions or
injudicious advice of their fellow sufferers, whom
they meet with at the various watering places.
One will tell another that they have seen or heard

MIKERAL WATERS ITSt OE27ERAL.

of some person tliat was cured at once, at this,
that, or the other spring. Among the Virginia
Springs for instance, you will he assured hy one,
that the " White " i*- the place ; hy another, that
the " Salt" is hotter suited to your case ; a third
informs you that you would do hotter at the
"Blue;" while others will tell you there is
nothing like the "Red," the "Sweet," the
"Warm," the "Hot." Thus are the minds of
persons frequently perplexed, until they come to
the conclusion to "make the rounds" and try
them all for a day or two. In this way the hap-
less invalid is often led to fritter away the whole
time he reniains in the mountains, without
deriving permanent advantage from "all the
springs," when, very prohahly, the time he had
fruitlessly spent at them all would have heen
sufficient to have cured him at any one of them.

Let it he distinctly understood that these remarks
are meant for the serious invalid only. Persons
who visit the springs for amusement or pl^sure, or
those who go merely as a relaxation from business,
and require only the tone which travel and moun-
tain air can give, may, with great propriety, go
from spring to spring, and spend their time just
where they are the happiest. But for the invalid
w?u> has something /or the waters to do, it is not so ; he
should first wisely determine which of the springs
is best calculated to cure his disease, and having
settled this important question, should persevere

<
(
I
1
i
(

r
\
1
I

at this,
Virginia
by one,
ler, that ,
a third

at the
there is
t," the '
ninds of
come to
and try
;he hap-
lie whole
without
' all the

he had
ve been

tJtem.
remarks
Persons
ksure, or
easiness,
d moun-
riety, go
ime just
} invalid
ot so ; he
I springs

having
crsevere

CHANarajO FROM SPRIKO TO SPKIKO. 57

in the use of that particular water; oorefully
watching its effects, and "not be carried about by
every wind of doctrine," but continue the use of the
agent thus wisely selected, either until its inap-
plicability has been proven, or until it produces
the specific effects which he desires. This being
accomplished, there may be, and often is, a neces-
sity for visiting other springs.*

DRESS.

Delicate persons, visiting the mountains or colder
latitudes for health, should be particularly cautious
on the subject of dress. It is rather more easy to
dress with the ever varying fashions', than to dress
appropriately for aU the weather that happens in
mountainous regions generally, during the water-
ing seasons. The weather, in such situations, is
often so variable and uncertain as to make it a
good general rule for the invalid to dress without
reference to any particular state of it, but always
warm and comfortable, with (in most oases) but
little change from his dress in the spring season
before he reached the mountains.

Some invalids will be benefited by constantly
wearing soft flannel next the skin, not only because
if keeps up a more uniform temperature than

MINERAL WATiOtS IN OBNERAL.

linen, but also because of the gentle excitement it
occasions on the surface of the body. The best
summer dress, however, which I have ever seen
worn next the body, — and always a valuable ac-
companiment of jlanndy winter and summer, — is
woven silk. I am led to believe, from experience,
that silk, worn next the skin, is the very best
protection we can command against the influence
of cold. In rheumatism and neuralgia, a covering
of woven silk is a valuable remedy; and for all
delicate persons^ and for those peculiarly susceptible
to colds, it is a most invaluable shield to the body.
The superiority of silk over every other covering
is probably owing to its peculiarity as a non-con-
ductor of electricity ; but whether this be so or
not, is left to the astute medical philosopher to
determine ; it is sufficient for me to know the fact
of its superior efficacy, without stopping to account
for it.

Since the above paragraph was first written, I
have had ten years additional observation of the
use of silk as a covering for delicate and suscepti-
ble persons; and the result is, that I am more
than ever convinced of its great superiority. In-
deed, such persons, while in our variable climate,
and under the influence cf suphur waters^ that
increase the susceptibility of the system, cannot,
by any other dress, so effectually secure themselves
against the encroachment of cold, as by the use of
flilk sacks worn next the skin. Nor ought this pre-

DRBBS, DIET, EXVRCISB, BTO.

:itement it
The best
ever seen
kluable ao-
mmer, — is
xperience,
very best
3 influence
a covering
ind for all
susceptible
)the body,
r covering
a non-con-
8 be BO or
osopber to
>w the fact
; to account

I written, I
tion of the
d suscepti-
[ am more
ority. In-
>le climate,
aters^ that
m, cannot,
themselves
' the use of
bt this pre-

caution to be neglected by such, especially as the
existence of a cold always renders the use of the
waters less efficacious, and sometimes positively
injurious, for the time it may continue.

DIET, EXERCISE, ETC.

Diet and exercise, during the use of mineral
water, are of too inuch importance to be passed
over without notice. It is to be regretted that so
little as relates to diet is placed within the power
of the invalid at our watering places generally.
Usually there is but one general system of living
at all such places, and this invariaUy a system
very illy adapted to the invalid.-

Persons using mineral water may ordinarily
indulge, in moderation, in that diet which they
found to agree best with them at home. Impru-
dences as to the kind of food, or of excess in its
quantity, should be as carefully avoided by the
invalid while using such water, as when under
treatment by other medical means. This, how-
ever, is by no means commonly the case.

Mineral waters generally remove acidity from
the stomach, and sharpen both the appetite and the
digestion ; hence it is often really difficult for the
invalid to restrain himself at table, and we might
be astonished to see the quantity and quality of
food he sometimes consumes. Dyspeptics, as might
be expected, suffer most from impropriety in diet:

SISffiT"-

ms^-

MIITBRAL WATKRS IN OENBRAL.

indeed, I am persuaded that more than half the
good these waters would otherwise achieve in such
oases, is prevented by impropriety in diet. But
the evil of over and improper feeding, although
most manifest in dyspeptics, is by no means con-
fined to such. Upon the subject of diet. Dr. Bell
has well observed, that " slow and laborious diges-
tion, heartburn, disordered kidneys, discoloration
of the skin, and some a£fections ot the liver, often
the effects of excessive eating and drinking alone,
are not to be readily cured by visiting mineral
springs, and keeping up the same kind of living."
If they (and the remark applies to all invalids)
be sincerely desirous of gaining health, they will
most successfully do so by simplifying their re-
>gimen, and abstaining from all those appliances
to force appetite and tickle the taste, which they had
formerly used in the shape of ardent spirits, wine,
and malt liquors, fried meats, pastry, and unripe
fruits. In fine, we may sum up in a few words,
by repeating, after the great father of medicine,
that aU excesses are dangerous; a maxim every one
must have fully tested.

Eating much in the evening, sitting up late,
prolonged and immoderate dancing, remaining
too long in the cool air of the evening, are often
the cause of many unpleasant complaints, which
might have been easily prevented.

The passions are to be kept in check by avoiding
every exciting cause, either of the boisteroua Ci.

a half the
ve in such
iiet. But
, although
leans con-
;, Dr. Bell
iouB diges-
iculoration
iver, often
ing alone,
g mineral
►f living."
invalids)
, they will
; their re-
appliances
h they had
rits, wine,
ind unripe
few words,
medicine,
I every one

; up late,
remaining
I are often
its, which

T avoiding
Bteroua C;.

DIRT, EXEBCISR, ETC.

molanclioly kind. A giddy clinso after pleasure
and luxurious indulgonco, are scarcely more rep-
rohcnsiblo than an indolent and secluded lite.
The kind ond amount of exercise to be indulged
in by the patient must, of course, be rcgtilated by
the nature of his disease and the attendant cir-
cumstances ; walking, riding on horseback or in
a carriage, may be selected, as one or the other
may be best adapted to the physical ability, and
to tiio inclinations of the patient ; but, in some
foroi or other, all whose strength will admit of it
ijhould take regular exercise in good weather.

MINERAL WATERS IN OENBRAL.

CHAPTER III.

USE OF* MEDICINES AND DIFFERENT
MINERAL WATERS.

Prescribing Mineral Waten.

The judicious administration of mild and appro-
priate medicines, in connection with the use of
mineral waters, with the object of facilitating their
operations upon the system, is often a matter of
primary importance.

All writers who treat of mineral waters as medi-
cinal agents, urge upon invalids the propriety of
obtaining experienced medical advice before com-
mencing their use, and allude to tlfe occasional
necessity of using medicines in connection with
them in obstinate cases. But the circumstances
under which medicines should be used, and the
primary necessity of the practice in particular
cases, has not always been as fully insisted on as
the merits of such practice demand. This, we
suppose, has been owing rather to the positions
occupied by the various authors on mineral waters,
than to any want on their part of a proper appre-
ciation of the subject. A portion of such authors,
although learned and scientific men, and highly
distinguished in their profession, ha^e not, never-

httmsaiamtm

-i

id appro-
e use of
ingtheir
natter of

as inedi-
)riety of
)rc com-
!casional
on with
nstances
and the
.rticular
d on as
his, we
ositions
waters,
: appre-
luthors,
highly
, never-

■W«

USE OF MEDICINES. 88

theless, had a large actual experience in the
treatment of disease at mineral fountains, and
with mineral waters. Hence the teachings of
such Vave, very properly, heen designed to show
the value and adaptation of such agents as inde-
pendent remedies, rather than as important adju-
vants in particular cases ; consequently they have
treated of them in a somewhat isolated sense, and
as they would have treated of any single article
of the materia medica. The few who have written
upon the subject, whose residence at mineral
fountains has afforded enlarged opportunities for
investigating the peculiar effects of the waters in
individual and diversified cases, may, to some
extent, have been restrained^- by motives of deli-
cacy, from enlarging upon this subject as fully as
they should have done. Such authors, being set-
tled as practitioners at the fountains of which they
write, may not unnaturally have felt, that for
them to urge upon the invalid visitor the necessity
of medical advice and assistance, however im-
portant they might esteem it, and with however
much of candor and disinterestedness they might
do so, would possibly subject them to invidious
Reflections by the illiberal, or even from the dis-
creet stranger, who, not fully appreciating the
importance of the subject, might misapprehend
their well-meant motives.

Many persons are disposed to regard mineral
waters, in their curative powers, as a panacea,

rtflWI

m USB OF MEDICINES AND

and, like the much-eitoh/ i catholicons of the
day, unaided by other appliances, and in despite
of scientific directions and all the rules of art,
adapted to cure all manner of diseases. I need
scarcely say that such opinions, when entertained,
are very erroneous, and that the judgment which
regards them as important remedies in nature's
materia medica, having, indeed, a wide and valu-
able scope of operation, but, like all-other remedies,
necesaarily demanding various modifications and
cautions in their use, would be far more correct
and reliable.

Many consecutive years of experience, in the
administration of mineral waters, have given me
great confidence in their employment ; indeed, I
yield to no one in admiration of their happy adap-
tation for many ills to which flesh is heir. As in-
dependerU remedies, totally disconnected with all
other medicinal aid, they are often fully sufficient
to attain the sanative end desired. So, too, we
occasionally find a single article of the materia
medica, unaided by other articles, capable of pro-
ducing every beneficial effect that the case de-
mands. Doubtless, like results occasionally take
place &om the employment of the various panaceas
or catholicons of the age. But where we meet
with one case in which a single article of the ma-
teria medica, or an artificial panacea, unaided by
aU other means, satisfactorily fulfills all indica-
tions of treatment in chronic disease, and results

V;i^?.-;.t.'.^'>-->w-^<J^^i;

OF DUTKItENT IIINBBAL WATEB8.

the

in effecting a cure, we meet with perhaps ten
cases in which adjunctive remedies should he em-
ployell. Be this as it may, however, in reference
to the remedies just altuded to, we know it to he
true of alterative mineral waters, not only as to
the certainty, hut especially as to the celerity, with
which they effect cunrt in obstinate cases. This
view of the subject is not only consonant with
reason, but also with the general theories and
teachings of the profession.

There is an opposite view of the subject, how-
ever, which alleges that any medical agent,
adapted to the case, is sufficient of itself for the
case, and should therefore stand unassisted by any
other means. This theory, it will be perceived,
leads necessarily into empiricism, and to the dis-
carding of all science and discrimination in the
use of remedies ; and, consequently, ignores the
value of all knowledge and experience in the pro-
fession.

Now, I admit that if the selected agent be so
fully and entirely adapted as really to fill every
indication in the case, then the proposition I am
combating is true, — and under such circumstances
every judicious physician would say, let it alone.
But such full and complete adaptations are but
occasionally found to exist, either in medicines or
mineral waters ; and, in the use of the latter,
even under ordinary happy adaptations, we often
find a state of things that primarily existed, or
6*

USE OF MEDICINES AND

has been superadded, that must he remedied by
appropriate medicines, or the water, so far from
proving beneficial, will act injuriously. Besides,
admitting the mineral water to bo never so well
adapted to the case in which it is being used, its
slow progress in resolving congestions and in
overcoming diseased action, may, in many cases,
be greatly facilitated by judicious adjuvants, skill-
fully and timeously administered.

In obstinate cases in which it io desirable to pro-
cure the specific operations of a mineral water
upon any organ, much time, to say the least, is
saved by uniting with the water, lor a few days,
some a^'uvant that »pecificaUy determines to such
organ. By such a procedure, the water may be
invited to the organ, and establish its action upon
it much sooner than it would without such aid.

In diseases of the abdominal viscera generally,
the patient may often economize a week or more
of the time, which otherwise it would be necessary
for him to use the water, by the proper introduc-
•tion of some medical adjunct to the end that has
been intimated. The milder mercurials^ in con-
nection with some of the vegetable purgatives,
often answer exceedingly well in such cases.

The proportion of invalids, especially of such
as are suffering with biliary derangements, that
will derive increased benefit from the employment
of mild alterative cathartics, to precede or accom-
pany the use of alterative mineral waters, is as

s
t

I
t

c
c
n
a

OP DIFFEBENT MINERAL WATERS.

ten to one at least; and, in nine cases out of ten,
the subject of biliary derangements will economize
a week or ten days, in *he necessary use of such
waters, by the occasional use of medicines.

Dr. John Bell, whom we always quote with
pleasure, because of the profound thought ho
bestows upon any subject upon which he writes,
remarks, that " it frequently happens that an
invalid, whose state would be at first aggravated
by drinking from a mineral spring, if nothing is
premised, will, after the use of some active medi-
cine, such as a few medicinal purges, and, if
arterial action be i imewhat considerable, the
abstraction of some blood, be enabled to cor.-
mence taking the waters, and persevere in tueir
use with decided advantage." In other cases
remedies of different kinds are recommended to
second their action, and to be employed with
them. Hoffman lavished the greatest eulogiums
ou milk with mineral waters. In thfe treatment
of scrofula, Theophilus Bordeu obtained signal
benefit by the union of mercurial frictions with
the use of the waters of Bereges. But these, and
other combinations, and alterations of treatment,
can only be confidently recommended by physi-
cians always residing at the springs, and inti-
mately acquainted with all their shades of action
and operation. The general rule, which may
with safety be laid down for the guidance of those
about to use mineral waters, is to have their

■A

-r- i

68 USE OF MEDICINES AND

primes vice well cleansed of faacal and mucous
collections, and to bring down, as near as may
be, the circulation to a natural standard.

A medical rule, in attempting the cure of
disease, is •to subdue inordinate and evident dis-
turbance of the liystem before we administer
medicines with a view to their peculiar eflfect.
Thus, when the stomach and bowels are highly
irritable, or inflamed, we decline administering
purgatives ; when there is acute pain in the head,
with high fever, we withhold opium and other
remedies, of what are termed the class of ano-
dynes ; when the liver is acutely inflamed, we are
wary in giving anti-bilious medicines, so called.
Violent and regularly recurring chills do not
justify the use of the barks, if the interval be
marked by symptoms of high action of the
blood-vessel system generally, or of great de-
termination to the head, liver, or stomach. All
these several states of violent disease are to be
mitigated, at first, by bleeding, either general, as
from the arm, or local, as by cups and leeches, to
the head, over the stomach, etc.; also, by simple
cool dilueuts, or watery drinks, cool air, and,
under appropriate circumstances, the cold bath.
W ithout preliminary treatment, purgatives would ,
so far from carrying off matters oppressive to the
stomach and bowels, and promoting secretions
from their inner surfaces, only serve still further
to irritate and inflame these parts ; opiates would

IMilM

m ■ !■ '

I mucous
r as may

cure of
dent dis-
iminister
ar effect.
re highly
inistering
the head,
md other
8 of ano-
id, we are
JO called.
B do not
terval be
tt of the
jreat de-
ich. All
are to be
sneral, as
eeches, to
jy simple
air, and,
old bath,
es would ,
ive to the
secretions

II further
tes would

OF DIFFERENT lONERAL WATEBS.

increase the pain in the head and restlessness, and
even cause delirium ; bark would convert the
remittent into more of a continual fever, and
increase the distress of the stomach, and exas-
perate the prior existing pain in the liver.

From these and other analogous facfs, we learn
the important truth, overlooked by the public
generally, and sneered at by impudent quacks,
that the operations and remedial effects of any
one medicine, or combination of medicines, are
purely rdative, and depend on the state of the animal
economy at the time. These views . should be care-
fully borne in mind, as well in the administration
of mineral waters as of the ordinary remedies of
the apothecary's shop.

I desire not to be misunderstood, however, as
expressing the opinion that medicines are always
necessary^ in ordinary cases submitted to the use
of mineral waters.

When the powers of the water are sufficient to
answer, with toletable certainty and celerity, the
sanative indications, it is safe, and generally
proper, to withhold medical means altogether ;
or, if occasionally any should be demand.!, to
employ such only as are mild and suasive in their
character.

PRESCRIBmG MINERAL WATERS.

The medical adviser at all our popular watering
places has, necessarily, very delicate and respon-

I >.

i ^ij|in i fi i '.n^ i( .y. i

PRBBORIBINO MINERAL WATERS.

siblo duties devolved upon him. . To some extent
he must be the recipient, in a professional point
of view, of the confidence of the invalid stranger
who has left a distant homo, to seek at medicinal
fountains the best remedy for the maladies of
which he hopes tojbe relieved. This confidence,
while it is agreeable to the honorable mind, is not
without onerous responsibility.

A sufficient knowledge of our various mineral
springs, to enable the medical adviser to judge
correctly of their specific character and adapta-
tions, unfolds at once to him a wide field for the
exercise of skill and judgment, in selecting for
his patient the one best adapted to the nature and
wants of his case.

In the Virginia Spring region, for instance, we
are surrounded by a perfect galaxy of mineral
fountains, of almost every variety and adaptation.
We have the Sulphur waters, in their various
modifications ; we have the Chalybeatea, simple
and compound, in great variety ; the Saline, in
several varieties ; the Aluminous, or acidulated
aluminous chalybeates, in three or four varieties ;
and thermal waters of every temperature, from
62° to 106°. All these fountains of healing, with
their varied modified influences, (for each one
differs in some essential particulars from all the
others,) should be regarded as so many different
articles in nature's materia medica; each pos-
sessing adaptations somewhat peculiar to itself,

— IWftl lt ir i i i f H i ' ■iiin i i i i> ii» i tii

me extent
>nal point
i stranger
medicinal
aladies of
onfidence,
ind, is not

IS mineral
' to judge
d adapta-
Id for the
BCting for
lature and

stance, we
f mineral
daptation.
ir various
68, simple
Saline, in
acidulated
varieties ;
ure, from
ling, with

each one
m all the
J different
each pos-

to itself,

PRBSORIBINO MINERAL WATERS.

for the different diseases or states of the system.
Here, then, is a wide range for the medical
adviser, and his tact and success, in advising most
wisely, will necessarily depend upon his acquaint-
ance with the peculiar qualities and specific effects
of all these different agents. ,

Again, such an adviser, to be most useful to his
patients, must be careful not to be influenced by his
focoj)er«onoB, or to regard the particular fountain
over whose medical direction he presides, as a
cathdicon, and adapted better than any other to all
sorts and conditions of cases. A medical adviser,
at a mineral fountain, could not well fall into a
greater error, or more clearly evidence a want of
wise discrimination, than in finding his remedy,
in all cases, in the particular agent which ho
immediately directs ; for, in the nature of things,
such universal preference would often be mis-
placed. Standing in the delicate relation which
such an adviser holds to the invalid public, he
must regard the various mineral agencies around
him somewhat in the same light in which he
regards the various medicines of the apothecary's
shop, anc' should wisely and freely choose among
them for the use and benefit of his patients.
Any other course would be empirical, — hazardous
to the best interest of the unfortunate invalid, and
utterly unworthy of his confidence.

Under such proper and discriminating advice,
the patient will often, perhaps, in a majority of

FW)W!»9l?W«ffyKs*^«-"'-

PRESCRIBmo MIXERAL WATERS.

cases, be led in the course of liis cure to the use of
several of the diflfercnt fountains. The some
water, however potent it may be, is not always, nor
even generally, sufficient to meet all the indica-
tions that exist in the case, and, unaided, to
produce a perfect eure. There is nothing more
common than thu certainty with which a particular
water accomplishes particular results upon the
animal economy, while it fails to accomplish other
results that will be readily achieved by other and
dissimilar waters. For instance, while the waters
of the White Sulphur Springs are well adapted 4o
produce alterative effects upon the secretory
organs, ond, by their general emulging and
changing influences, to bring the system into a
natural or physiological type, — actions and in-
fluences that are primary in their importance, and
essential to a cure ; this being accomplished, some
of the more tonic and nervine toaiera will be found
far better adapted to strengthen the animal fibre,
and to complete the cure.

So other potent waters, through the whole
catalogue of springs have each their sphere of
usefulness, that must not be overlooked by the
discriminating adviser in the treatment of par-
ticular cases ; and hence they nil should be
arrayed and labeled, as it were, in nature's grea*
laboratory, and prescribed intelligently, and as
their use is indicated in the variety of diseases that
are sought to be healed by such agents.

YIRQINIA SPRIKOS.

he use of
he same
vays, nor
9 indica-
lidcd, to
ng more
articular
ipon the
ish other
ther and
le waters
lapted to
secretory
ing and
tn into a
and in-
ance, and
led, some
be found
Qal fibre,

le whole
jphere of
i by the
b of par-
[tould be
b's grea*
', and as
tases that

CHAPTER IV.

VIRGINIA 8PRIN08.

In treating of the Springs of Virginia, I shall
not be guided by their chemical classification, nor
strictly by their medicinal importance, but in
accordance with their location in the geographical
divisions of the State.

The Sp tings strictly pertaining to what has long
been known as the «* Spring Begim," will be first
noticed ; — next, those located in or contiguous to
the great Shenandoah VaUey^ formed by the Apa-
lachian chain of mountains on the West, and the
Blue Bidge Mountain on the East. Then will
follow those found on the eastern slopes of the Blue
Bidge and in the plane country stretching towards
the ocean, known as Eastern Virginia. 7uastly,
those located in the Western part of tha Oreat
Valley and in the Southwestern counties of the
State.

The entire series of Virginia Springs presents
great variety in chemical and therapeutic charac-
ter. It comprises various and differently com-
pounded sulphur waters ; the cfhalybeates simple
and compounded ; the acidulous or carbonated ^ the
saline; the aluminated chalybeaies — with thermal
7

aaaggj&i

VIRGINIA BPRIMOI.

watoM, varying in temperature, from 62 to 106
degrees of Fahrenheit.

Of these SpringN, the sulphurous waters are
found in greater abundance and in greater strength
immediately on the Western and Eastern slopes of
the Alleghany Mountains, the strongest being on
its Western declension. The simple chalybeatea are
found in every great section of the commonwealth,
but in greatest strength along the course of the
great Apalachian range, extending from the
Kortheastern to the Southwestern extremities of
the State.

The adduious or carbonated waters, M well as
the cduminated chalybeates, exist in the greatest
variety and strength in the central portions of the
Great Valley, in the counties of Augusta, Rock-
bridge, Alleghany, Monroe and Craig, but are
found in several other counties. South and West,
along the course of the Alleghany and Blue
Ridge Mountains. Waters more or less distinctly
belonging to the saline class are found in the same
range of country.

The most abundant mineral tv-aters in the State,
except the simple chalybeate, are the aluminated
ehalybeates or alum waters as they arc commonly
called in Virginia. They are found in numerous
localities in a district of country extending
through the State North and South for more thau
two hundred miles. They are generally found
adjacent to faults in the strata, or where the rocks

■^

2 to 106

iers are
strength
slopos uf
•eing on
teatea are
1 wealth,
B of the
om the
nities of

well as
greatest
Qs of the
%, Rock-
but are
1 West,
d Bine
istinctly
he same

le State,
minated
mmonly
imerouB
tending
re thau
' found
le rocks

ROUTES TO THB PKINaPAI. VIBOINIA SPRINQS. 76

givo evidence of derangement from their natural
positiot], and near the junction of sftUey slate with
limcstono. They are invariably, I believe, an
infiltration through talcose slate which lies a few
foct below the surface in large districts of the
mountain ranges alluded to. I have examined
numerous specimens of these waters, obtained
from various neighborhoods, ^rom the headwaters
of the Shenandoah river to the extreme South-
western border of the State, and hare found thorn
to possess the leading chemical characteristics of
the springs of this class that have been brought
into popular use.

1 believe that all the mineral waters in this
great range of disturbance, are slightly thermal,
compared with the temperature of the common
springs in theijr vicinity. But the boundary of
the thermal waters, commonly so called, is only
about fifty miles in length and of narrow dimen-
sion, having the Hot and Warm Springs for its
Northern, and the Sweet Chalybeate and Sweet
Springs for its Southern extremes.

ROUTES TO THE PRINCIPAL VIRGINIA SPRINGS.

The reffults of the war between the Northern
and Southern States, just ended, so materially
deranged traveling facilities to many of the
Virginia Springs as to make the following
directions essential to distant parties who desire to
visit them.

76 ROUTBS TO THB PBINOIPAL VIBOINIA BPRXNOS.

The traveler to any of the principal Springs in
the mountains of Virginia, either from the North^
East or West, to avail themselves most largely of
railroad facilities, must necessarily make Staunton
a point in their journey.

From StaurUon, the Bockbridge and Bath Alum,
the Warm, Hot, Healing, White Sviphur, ScHtyOnA
Bed Sulphur Springs, are conveniently reached hy
railroad, with small amount of staging, and in the
order in which they are here set down. The
Sweet and Bed Sweet are on the same general
route, and are reached by a detour of seventeen
miles from the White SvJphur.

The Yellow, the Montgomery White, the AUe-
ghany. Coiners, and. Blue Bidge Springs, are reached
by the traveler going East on the Virginia &
Tennessee Bailroad in the order in which they are
here enumerated.

— — -•- — --- ^ i ^ , ,^

tros.

ings in
} North^
•gely of

CAUNTON

\ Alum,
'alt, and
uhed by
1 in the
1. The
general
renteen

le AUe-
reached
;inia &
;hey are

*ws*»

^HffSMM

whub sulphur spbinqs.

CHAPTER V.

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.

laeation and Oenerai Phyiieal OhanxeterisUe»—lU Stretifffh wm-
formiy the tame — Doe» not lose its Strength by parting wUh its Gat
— Does not Deposit its Saits when Quieseent—Its Cfas foM, to
Fiih — Its Early History— Known to the Indians ata " Medicine
WcUer"— First used by the Whites in mS—Itogress qf Improve-
ments and Present Condition^Anaiyses qf Mr. Hayes and Pro-
fessor Sogers.

Thb White Sulphur Springs are located in the
County of Greenbrier, West Virginia, on Howard's
Creek, and on the immediate confines of the
*' Great Western Valley," being but six miles
west of the Alleghany chain of mountains, which
separates the waters that f^ow into the Chesapeake
Bay from those which run into the Gulf of Mexico.

The waters of the spring find their way into
Howard's Creek two hundred yards from their
source, which, after flowing five miles, empty into
Greenbrier River.

The spring is situated on an elevated and beauti-
fully picturesque valley, hemmed in by mountains
on every side. Kate's Mountain, celebrated as the
theatre of the exploits of a chivalrous heroine in
the days of Indian troubles, is in full view, and

. j> . ) i n, i. »..

WHITB SULPHUR SPRINGS.

about two miles to the south; to the west, and
distant from one to two miles, are the Greenbrier
JUountains; while the towering Alleghany, in all
its grandeur, is found six miles to the north and
east.

The spring is in the midst of the celebrated
"Spring Region," having the "Hot Spring"
thirty-five miles to the north ; the " Sweet,"
seventeen miles to the east; the "Salt," and
"Red," the one twenty-four, the other forty-one
miles, to the south ; and the " Blue," twenty-two
miles to the west, lis latitude is about 2*I^° north ,
and its longitude 3^° west from Washington. Its
^elevation above tide-water is two thousand feet.
It bursts with unusual boldness from rock-lined
apertures, and is inclosed by marble casements
five feet square and three and a half feet deep.
Its tempercaure is 62° of Fahrenheit, and remains
uniformly the same during the winter's blasts and
the summer's heat ; any apparent variation from
this temperature will be found, I think, to be owing
to the difference in thermometers, as repeated
trials with the same instrument proved the tem-
perature to be uniform.

The principal spring yields about thirty gallons
per minute ; and it is a remarkable fact that this
quantity is not perceptibly increased or diminished
during the longest spells of wet or dry weather ;
while other bold springs of the country have failed
during the long droughts of summer, this has

mam

PHTSIOAL CHARACTERISTICS.

invariably observed " the even tenor of its way."
There is no discoloration of the water during long
wet spells, or other evidences that it becomes
blended with common water percolating through
the earth. The quantity and temperature of
this spring being uniform under all circum-
stances, gives a confidence, which experience in
its use has verified, of its uniform strength and
efficiency. The water is most clear and trans-
parent, and deposits copiously^ as it flows over a
rough and uneven surface, a white, and sometimes,
under peculiar circumstances, a red and black,
precipitate, composed in part of its saline ingre-
dients. Its taste and smell, fresh at the spring,
are that of all waters strongly impregnated with
sulphuretted hydrogen gas. When removed from
the spring, and kept in an open vessel for a suffi-
cient length of time for this gas to escape, or, when
it has been heated or frozen for this purpose, it
becomes essentially tastdeas and inodorous, and
could scarcely be distinguished, either by smell
or taste, from common limestone water. Its
cathartic activity, however, is rather increased
than diminised when thus insipid and inodorous.*
It does not lose its transparency by parting with
its gas, as many other waters do ; nor does it
deposit its salts in the slightest degree when

* See cbap. v., on "Th« rdattw virtuea tf th« tdUne andgtueou*
emtmUtqftkeWMeSulphiir water."

^WJ<y.^WbijiiPi^j»a ' sai««Kmt^*

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.

quiescent, not even sufficiently to stain a glass
vessel in which it may be kept.

The gas of this spring is speedily fatal to all
animals, when immersed even for a very short time
in its waters. Small fish thus circumstanced sur-
vive but a few moments, first manifesting entire
derangement, with great distress, and uniformly
die in less than three minutes.

The water is uniform in its saline strength ; that
is, it contains in a given quantity, at all seasons,
the same amount of solid contents. Of this fact
I am fully satisfied, from repeated tests and ex-
aminations of it, under various circumstances,
and for many years. It exhibits occasional and
slight variations in the amount of its free sulphu-
retted hydrogen gas. This variation is occasioned
mainly, if not entirely, by the condition of the
atmosphere at the time — and, principally, by its
electrical condition. Even this variation in the
water, however, is more apparent than real, and
is often suspected when it does not actually exist.

In the absence of chemical tests, the difference
in the water is judged of entirely by taste and
smeU, principally by the latter ; and some condi-
tions of the atmosphere being more favorable than
others for the evolution q,..<\ diffusion of tha gas,
the actual relative amount in evolution is often
misjudged.

We occasionally hear old visitors to the springs,
express the o\:'aox\, that the water is not at; suong

t
I
i

(
c
I
1:

a glaas

1 to all
)rt time
ced sur-
; entire
liformly

;b; that
seasons,
this fact
and ex-
istances,
nal and
sulphii-
casioned
1 of the
r, by its
I in the
eal, and
ly exist,
ifference
iste and
3 condi-
)le than
:^(3 gas,
IS often

springs,
isiioug

EABLT BISTORT.

as it was years before, when they had visited it }
and this opinion they entertain, not because of
any difference in its operative effects, but because
of its appearing less strong to the smell. Its
sulphur flavor, they allege, is neither so strong
about the grounds, or at the spring, as it formerly
was. This is no doubt true in every condition of
the atmosphere, and yet the water and the gases
are essentially the same. Formerly, and until
the last few years, a portion of the ground, for
several rods below the spring, was a marsh of wet
loam, covered i^ith grass, into which the sulphur
water flowed, and saturating the earth, became
decomposed with the vegetable matter, and oonr
sequently emitted a strong sulphurous odor, thai
could be detected in warm weather in any part of
the grounds. Happily, these marshy grounds have
been carefully ditched and drained, and the water
in its exit from the spring, being now confined to
a narrow channel, rapidly flows away, thereby
relieving from any sulphurous odor occasioned by
its decomp6sition.
The springs are surrounded with mountain scenery
of great beauty, and blessed with a most delightful
climate in summer and fall. Independent of the
benefit that may be derived from the waters, a
better situation for the invalid during the summer
months can scarcely bo imagined. They have the
advantage of a salubrious and invigorating air
and an agreeable temperature— cool at morning

WHITB BUlPHtJR aPBINGS.

and evening, the thermometer ranging at those
periods during the summer, between 50° and 60°,
and rarely attaining a greater height than 80° at
any time of the day— with an elasticity in the
atmosphere that prevents the heat from being at
any time oppressive, and enabling the invalid to
take exercise in the open air during the day,
without fatigue.

There is but little in the early history of this
watering place especially worthy of preservation.
Tradition says that the charming valley, in
which it is situated, was once a fav.orite *• huntinff-
gromd " of the proud Shawaneea, who then owned
and occupied this fair region, and the numerous
ancient graves and rude implements of the chase,
that are found in various parts of the valley, suffi-
ciently attest the truth of this legend. That a
small marsh, originally contiguous to the spnng,
was once a favorite deer and buffalo " hok,' xa
well known to the oldest white settlers in the
country ; and it is confidently asserted by some of
that venerable class, that the spring Was known
to the Indians as a ''medicine water," and that
since their migration across the Ohio, they have
occasionally been known to visit it for the relief of
rheumatic affections. Whether this legend be
ta-uth or fiction, I cannot avouch ; authentic history,
however, abundantly testifies to the reluctance
with which its ancient owners abandoned this
lovely valley to the rapacious avarice of the
invading white man.

at those
and 60°,
&a 80° at
by in the

being at
nvalid to
the day,

ry of this
servation.
ralley, in

ten owned
numerous
the chase,
lley, suffi-
. That a
he spring,
" lick," is
ers in the
by some of
TtiS known
' and that
they have
tie relief of
legend be
tic history,
reluctance
ioned this
ce of the

HARLT BIBTORY.

During the year 1114, the proud but ill-fated
Shawanees, being overpowered by the encroaching
colonists from Eastern Virginia, and having
sustained, in October of that year, a signal defeat
by the colonial troops', at Point Pleasant, were
forced finally to abandon their country, and seek
shelter and protection with the main body of their
tribe, then living on the waters of the great
Scioto ; not, however, until, by frequent battles
and midnight murders, they had testified their
attachment to their ancient hunting-grounds and
the graves of their fathers.

The property on which this spring is situated
was originally patented to Nathan Carpenter, one
ofthe earliest pioneers of the country, who was
subsequently killed by a band of marauding
Indians, at a fort at the mouth of Dunlap's Creek,
near where the town of Covington now stands.

The precise time at which this spring, now so
celebrated among mineral waters, was first used
for the cure of disease, cannot be ascertained with
absolute certainty. It L^ believed, however, that
a Mrs. Anderson, the wife of one of the oldest
settlers, was the first white person who tested its
virtues as a medicine.

In 1778, this lady, being afflicted with rheuma-
tism, was borne on a litter, from her rewdence,
ten or fifteen miles, to the spring, where a tent was
spread for her protecfcioa from the weather ; and a
" bathing tub " provided, by felling andexcavatiag

r. I

^Kreuft-A-ww^*.--.

WHITB SULPHUR SFBINQS.

a huge tree that grew hard by. Here she
remained until she entirely recovered, drinking
from the fountain, and bathing in the water
previously heated in the trough by "hot rocks."
It is reasonable to suppose that the fame of this
cure spread abroad among the '' settlers," and
from them into Eastern Virginia, and among the
few ** spring-going folks," who then annually
visited the Sweet Springs, not many miles distant.
Accordingly, in 1779, and from that to 1783, there
were annually a few visitors here, who spread
their tents near the spring, no house having then
been erected, and with the rude "trough" for a
bathing tub, and this protection from the weather,
are reported to have spent their time most
agreeably and profitably. Some of these primi-
tive visitors, " who dwelt4n tents," have visited
the springs of late years, and, with pleasurable
emotions, marked out the spot where their tents
stood some sixty years ago, while they recounted
with delight the amusements and pleasures they
then enjoyed.

In 1784, 1785, and 1786, numerous "log-
cabins" were erected, not where any of the
present buildings stand, but immediately around
the spring, not one of which, or the materials
which composed it, is now remaining.

Mr. Caldwell, until recently, the proprietor of
the property, came into possession of it in the
year 1808, but did not personally undertake its

[ere she
drinking
le water
t rocks."
e of this
rs," and
nong the
annually
s distant.
83, there
spread
ing then
i" for a
weather,
ne most
e primi-
e visited
iasurahle
eir tents
ecounted
ires they

IS " log-
' of the
r around
materials

rietor of
t in the
rtake its

ANALYSIS.

improvement until the summer of 1818. Before
this period, the huilding for the accommodation
of visitors, although sufficient for the number
that then resorted to the place, were exceedingly
rude, being altogether small wooden huts. The
interest and enterprine of the owner soon led him
into a different and more appropriate system of
improvement, and from small beginnings, he
went on, progressing in the rapid ratio of demand,
until from the " tent " accommodations in 1779,
and the "log-cabins" in 1784, the place now,
both in elegance and extent, exhibits the appear-
ance of a neat and flourishing village, affording
comfortable and convenient accommodations,
(including the surrounding- hotels,) for two
thousand person's.*

ANALYSIS.

In the winter of 1842, Mr. Augustus A. Hayes,
of' Massachusetts, made an analysis of the White
Sulphur water, at his laboratory in Boxbury, from

*Iii the spring of 1857, the White Sulphur property was sold
to a company of gentlemen residing principally in Virginia,
who (in virtue of an act of the Legislature) have associated
themselves into a Joint-itoek txmpany, under the name of the
" WMU Sulphur Bpnng$ Company.^' The energy and public
spirit of the individuals who compose the Company, give
abundant evidence to the numerous friends of the property, that
nothing that taste or enterprise can effect, in its extension and
odomment, will be overlooked or long delayed. The Compauy
has already erected the largest building in the Southern coontty.
8

i«»i|»||tl»;feli_

■ " lUtliiyW I I l ll |[ l| llHi_

-ft'&^'-e; aipi^-fl»,iR*fe;3»l *-*' , ;SF^ri5)dl

WHITE SULPHUR 8PRIK08.

a few bottles of water forwarded to him from the

spring in the preceding fall. The following is

the result of his examinations : —
"Compared with pure water free from air, its

specific gravity is 1*00254.

"50,000 grains (about seven pints) of this water

contain, in solution, 3-633 water grain measures

of gaseous matter, or about 114 of its volume,

consisting of —

Nitrogen gas lois

Oxygen gas log

Carbonic acid .■„. 3-444

Hydro-Bulpliaric acid r

8-683
" One gallon, or 237 cubic inches of the water
contain 16 739-1000 cubic inches of gas, having
the proportion of-—

Nitrogeu gas , 4-080

Oxygen gait. .408

Carbonic acid 11-290

Hydro-sulphuric acid » 271

16-789
"50,000 grains of this water contain 115 735-1000
grains of saline matter, consisting of —

its dimensions being /our hundred feet long, by a corrcspondirT
width, and coToring an acre of ground. This hnmense structuis
is of brick; and is appropriated for reeeiving^rooma, dining-
room, baa-r()(m,parhn,todging-room», etc., etc. They have also
bdilt numerous Qfttaget, for flunilies. With these improTOments,
together with a new and capacious Bathing ettaUiihment, and the
ranoval of many of the old buildings to new localities, by which
the Lawns are enlarged and adorned, the property, alike in
oaimcity, in convenience, and in the elegance of its arrange-
ments, exhibits a new ana generally improved appearance.

from the
>wiDg is

n air, its

lis water
ncasures
volume,

... 1018
... 108
... 3-444

... ■<■'

8-683

le water
having

16-789
36-1000

BSpondir^
I ■trnctOi«
I, dining-
bare also
>TOmeiit8,
4, and the
by which
alilte in
arrange-
ice.

ANALTSn. 8T

Sulphate of lime 67-168

Sulplmto of magnesia , 80-864

Chloride of magnesium .959

Carbonate of lime 6-060

Organic matter (dried at ai3»P.) 3740

Carbonic acid !!'4-B84

Silicates (silica l-84t potash -18, soda -66, magTiesia
and a trace of oxyd. iron) 2-O6O

115-78a
** Unlike saline sulphurotted waters generally
this water contains a : iuute proportion of chlorine
only, the sulphates of lime ani magnesia forming
nearly ten-elevenths of the saline matter.

" The alkaline hases are also in very small pro-
portion, and seem to be united to the silicious
earths, in combination with a peculiar organio
matter. The organic matter, in its physical and
chemical character, resembles that found in the
water of the Red Sulphur Springs, and differs
essentially from the organic matter of some ther-
mal waters.

" In ascertaining its weight, it was rendered
dry at the temperature of 212° F. When dry, it
is a grayish- white, translucent solid. When
recently separated from a fluid containing it, it
appears as a thin jelly or mucilage, and gives to
a large bulk of fluid a mucouslike appc ranee,
with the property of frothing by agitation. It
unites with metallic ozydes and forms compounds
both soluble and insoluble. In most cases an
excess of base renders the compound insoluble.
The compound with oxyde of silver is soluble in

■n

mfffamUmiUm

i's-Vft^STtTT*

WUm STTLPHUn SPRINGS.

water ; with baryta and lime it does not form a
precipitate, while magnesia forms with it a
hydrous white, gelatinous mass. In acids it dis-
solves ; the oxy-acids do not change its composi-
tion, while they are diluted and cold ; by boiling
they produ 'J s^lphiiric acid from its constituent
sulphur, ar, cliang? its carbon to other forms.
In contact -wiith •. ariuy sulphates at a moderate
temperature, it ^jroduces hydr6-sulphuric acid,
and to this source that acid contained in the water
may be traced. This substance does not rapidly
attract oxygen from the atmosphere, and from
colored compounds, as some other organic com-
pounds do. The proportion of organic matter,
liko thai usually contained in our waters, is in this
water very i-ioiall ; until forty-nine fiftieths of the
bulk of u quantity is evaporated, the residual
matter does not become colored, and, when the
saline residue is dried, it is of a pale yellow.

" The medicinal properties of this water are
probably due to the action of this organic sub-
stance. The hydro-sulphuric acid, resulting from
its natural action, is one of the most active sub-
stances within the reach of physicians, and there
are chemical reasons for supposing that, after the
water has reached the stomach, similar changes,
accompanied by the product of hydro-sulphuric acid,
take place.*

*See chap, v., on " the rdative vMua ef Vu laUne and gatetnu
tMimUtfmWMUSuliphvrvtaUr."

■*'»T^«ewras>r-*»'fc'^:^g^ra(^^-:- ;

v^,

V1^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

11.25

Ui|2£ |M
■tt lii 12.2

IS 1^ 12.0

•It

1^41

1.6

PhotDgraiiiic

Sciences

CorpOTalion

23 WBT MAM STMIT

WnSnR,N.Y. 14510
(71«) •72-4903

«'

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historicai IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductiont historiques

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historicai IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductiont historiques

ARAIiTBlB.

- << Substances, having oharaotero similar to those
presented by this matter, have been classed with
the lower order of living plants. With such
matters, this substance does not belong, in the
state in which it is foand in the water, for it
there forms compounds, the result of chemical
affinities, wholly incompatible with vital action.
In its altered state, produced by atqiospheric
agencies, it may nourish plants and develop the
growth of seeds fitted to such a soil as its elements
form." .

Professor William B. Rogers has also analyaed
thi« water. The following is the result of his
examinntionrf -

Solid matter, procured by evaporation from 100
cubic inches of White Sulphur water, weighed,
after being dried at 212°, 65*54 grains.

Quantity of each solid ingredie,nt in 100 cubic
inches, estimated as perfectly free from water :

Solpbateirf Ubu 81-686 grrins.

Bti]^teofDia«ne8i» 8"«*1 "

SaI|>luiteof sodK... 4-080 "

OurtKHiate of Ume. ~ «. .• IMO "

OtrlMmate of magimfia 0-ttO« "

Obloride of magaarinm ~. ■ Wn. "

dhlorideofa^ttm. ^<W10 »'

(Mnide of todiam.... 0-886 "

]ftoto.aa^p|Ate of irwi ....- (HWO "

Balplnite of alainiiUB <Htt8 "

JiwkbyidMlephatM »tnwe »

Axotind oigaaic nutter blended with • laige

iniaportton of M^^tor, aboot 5 •*

laatae, oOBttUmd witb sodtaa or n n ^ e rin m.

90 - , wmxa sqiiTBini spungs.

Yolame of each of the gases in a free state, con-
tained in 100 cubic inches : *

Bolphiiretted hyd»ifl;«iL..» 0^ to I'M caMo Inchet.

Nitntgsn • w.i»«.>« •1*88

Oxygen. - 0-19

Ostbonks add.... ....8'07

*^100 ctdbk iacihM smounti to sboat Bi pints.

Sj^te«ji&<»>^~|»a»ai aj i a i ii<«M ifc3faW«ti a i* ,/»,-■,,, ffy, i, ,, i ri,nu„i,m

i state, coQ-
caMo Inchflt.

m^KrVj, i w i , i f-i ! H ! W^ >i «fW".*? "'." ''■ ",. IJ iJ S CT

flAUNB AND OAfiBOVS OOMTBRTS.

CHAPTEB VI.

THE RELAirVB VIBTIJI8 OF THE SALINE AJS(D

OASEOUS CONTENTS OF THE WHITE

SULPHUB WATER.

SraooiiATioy hM «cisted m to the relative effi-^
caoy of the di£ferent component parts of the White
Sulphur water in the cure of disease, and while
some have supposed that its gaseoiu contenU are
essential to its sanatite virtues, others, ind I
think the hest informed obsenrers, attribute its
medicinal virtues mainly to its wdd or gaUne con*
teniB. To the latter opinion the able Professor of
Natural Philosophy in the University of Virginia,
who hat carefitliy examined the water, and other
distinguished diemists luid physicians, decidedly
incline.

It certainly is a question of interest to the vale-
tudinarian, whether he should use this water fresh ,
asitflowtfrom the i^ring, aboondtng in all its
stimtdatiiig g^j or whether he should use it after
it has parM^mt en^JreZy parted with this gas.
To ^is iubjeoi I have, for the last several yeaM,
devoted partiottlar attention, having instituted^
with mm, various and.diversifled experimetitSi in -

■^ik

98 WBio euLBWm ensxw.

order to establish something like definite and
positive oonclttsions.

Although the yalue of this water in what is
usually termed its tum^imvlating/orm, or in other
words, when deprived erf its gas, has long been
known to many who are familiar with its use, it
was ndt until the last fet^ years that it was com-
monly ttsed from dioioe, after it had been long
removed from the spring, or from any cause, had
parted with its gaseous contents ; and an opinion,
4^e oorrectttjsss of which had never b^ ewMUined,
pcevailed ilj the minds of many, that in losing its
Kaa> it lost its strength and efficacy^

Having setUed at the "White," as the resident
p%Bictaa eif the plafse, it became alike my duty
•Od my interest to invbatigate the character and
4»pel!aitioM of its waters unddr ev»y possibto form
ami modtficatiOB in which they could be presented.
In the pttfsniiof this duty, I resolved to take no
opinion upen" trust," but careftiUy to eattmine
Maid investigate for myMlf. A prominent question
immediately presented itself for inquiry, invcdving
4he relative mecito which the wKd and srowoiw
wigredi(»t8 &£ Ihei water po8««M' as remedial
ikgcMts. II would be tedi<MW> and, 4o many, unin-
^Mwtifif ^vtd^detaiUhe several steps and multiplied
^isperiMsate which led me to coBcluaites upon the
imbJMt, satisfactdry to my own miud, and apon
^which I have established certain practical prin-
jqibaa?Mi ihfl «ie fif 1ih« «t»t«ir, jrhl(^ iMv»«Babled

■\.sifiWB*aWi*n iifat'--t*-^ M

BALOm AHD eiflSOIW GOiniNIB.

definite and

)r in what is
m, or in other
las long been
ith its use, it
t it was com-
ad been long
ny cause, had
id an opinion,
^ exMuined,
kt in losing its

M the resident
ilike jny duty
character and
possible form
I be presented,
red to Uk» no
ly to examine
linent question
liry, inycdiring
d tivA gaseous
i« as remedial
omany, unin-
and multiplied
tsilms upon the
i«d> and upon
pi»MBtioal prin-
lilM!r»«aabl«d

me to prescribe it, especially for nerwma and
excitable palierUSy with far greater sacoess than
heretofore. It is sufficient for my purpose at
present to state, that, while I freely admit that
the gas, which abounds in the water, is an active
nervine stimulant, and therefore may be a most
potent agent in seme cases, we are, nevertheless,
to look mainly to the solid contents of the water
for its aUerative power, as well as for its activity
manifested through the emunotories of the body.

Whether the efficacy of the solid contents be
owing to the specific character of any one^ oi: to
all of the thirteen different saits of which it is com-
posedj and which exist in the water in the most
minute form of subdivision, fnd in this eoadytMk>n
enter the circulation} And course through the
whole system, applying themselves to the diseased
tissues ; or, whether its efficacy to. some extent,
depends upon the evaiuHon of sulphuretted hydro?
gen gas, e^ier the water has readied^ ^osWuAf is
a mai^r of curious inquiry.

The distinguished ebemiat, Mr. Hayes, of BdNK-
bury, after having bestowed much pains in ana-
lyaing the water, and in studying its, peculiar
character, comes to tiie following conclusions as to
the source. of its me^cinal powejr. After dcwctibiag,
at considerable length, i oertaincmatler which he
found to abound in it, and which he terms **jf^
ganio maUer,' ' in the course of which he. sayj,
' it differs essentially from the organic matter of

i» a w iwii i ipiirt ae<! #^Wft ; i?M^ ■i!;* | |B K9 *

,.mM

WHITB SULPHUft SPBINCMB.

some thermal waters," he proceeds to say : In
oontabt with earthy sulphates, at a moderate tem-
perature, it produces hydro-sulphuric acid, and to
thUwurce that aoid omtained in the water may be
eroded. This suhstance does not rapidly attract
oxygen from the atmosphere, and from colored
oompouods, as some other organic compounds do ;
the medicinal prcpertiee of ihie vfatet oreprobMy
due to the action of thie organic wbetaMe, Ihe
hydro-sulphuric acid, resulting from its natural
action, is one of the mostaoti.e suhstanoes within
the reach of physicians. There are ehmMoi, reo-
wn»for euppoeing that, oftae «fte vootet h» readied
the atomachy similar ehangee, aiwmpanied by the
production qf hydro^phurio ocid, take plaoe."*

Before Mr. Hayes had communicated the ahove
opinion, growing out of his chemical examim^
tiottt, I had again and again been much interested
with eertain ^enomena which I haw termed the
seeoMfory fomaUon of gas in the White gulphur
water. Instances had fre^uenUy been reported to
mf of the water having been put into bottles after
it had bet He got enUrdyt being void both of taste
and smell, and yet, after thew bottles were kept
for Kmie di^a in a warm situation, and then
opened, the water appeared equally strong of tha
hydro-snlphurie aoid, as it is found to be, fresh at
thefoantain. '

•Sm Hejeif* Aiis^rBii,cliaiptar It.

i.^Uw.ai^-ai^-^''-»«>fc'»^ 1 i i J l-M' it, Ml J '. ■'■ ^wHij!

mmmmftfit

SAUKB AND OASBOVB OONTIRIS.

kosay: "In
loderate tem-
3 acid, amd to
Odder may be
pidly attract
from colored
Ddpounds do ;
f are probdtly
futanee. The
a its natural
tanoes within
ehenUoal rear
r Aa« readied
ponied by (he
ikeflaoe."*
kted the above
ical exunioa-
ach interested
ve termed the
iThite ^Iphur
en reported to
(o bottles after
I both of taste
ties were kept
in., and then
strong of tha
to be, fresh at

rlT.

In a shipment of this water to Calcutta, some
years since, the " Transporting Company " had
the water bottled in Boston, from barrels that had
been filled at the spring six months before. The
water, although tastdesa and inodorous, when put
into the bottles at Boston, was fbund, on its arrival
at Calcutta, so strongly impregnated with the
hydro-sulphuric acid as to render it necessary,
under the direction of an intelligent gentleman
of Boston, (who had witnessed this secondary
formation of gas before,) to unoork the bottles for
some time before using, that the excess q{ gas
might escape.

I had, also, known that in the |H-ooess of Oiaw^
ing sulphur water, that had been previously
frozen, sulphuretted hydrogen gas is evolved ; for
although the ice has neither the taste nor smell
of sulphur, a strpng smell of sulphuretted hydro-
gen is manifest as the ioe is returning to water.
I had often observed that individuals who drank
the water entirely etale and void alike of taste and
amea, were n liable to have eructations of sul-
phuretted hydrdgenas those who drank it fresh «t
the fountain. These, and other facts connected -
with the peculiar operatioia and effects of the
water, when used in its < ^vseous form— op^-
tions and effects which it is ;ot necessary here to
refer to, but all going to prove the seoontkwy^ for-?-
mation of gas under certain circumstances— had,
in my investigations of this water, interested me

IC warn guLFHim spbings.

exceedingly, afcd, ooneequently, I wm not a little
pleated that Mr. Hayes's chemical examinations
•o fully sustained the opinions I had heen led to
entertain from my personal ohservation.

This opinion of Mr. Hayes, in connection with
the numerous proofs derived from analogy and
ohsenration, of the teoondary formation of sul-
phuretted hydrogen gas in the water, would seem
to be oalculftted to harmonize the opinion advanced
by me of the equal ^hsaoy of the water when
deprived of its gas, with the sentiment entertained
by soqie, that the hydrogen gas is essential to its
sanative operationa

r The phenomena of a geoondaiy formation of sul-
phuretted hydrogen gas in mineral waters has not,
that I am aware of, heen noticed before; it cer-
tainly has not been 'in relation to the White
Balphur, and we hop; Uiat medical gentlemen,
genarally, who may have occasion to use such
waters, will direct attention to this singular fact.
For myself, I prdinise i^ill further to investigate
the subject, and may, at some subsequent period,
lay- the results of my investigations before the
nedieal public.

My investigations of the relative virtues of the
gaseous and saline contents of this water, have
satisfied me that the physician, in making up his
judgment as to the best method of administering
it in particular oases, may always properly moot
Oie proprie^ «f Mifig it y^esfc as it flows from

UMiiaiiiieMkttMiKii

MWMUMiWMi>»t'>k»'.^^'-i^«U^

SAUNK AND QASEOUB CONTENTS.

M not a little
examinations
ad been led to
ion.

aneotion with
analogy and
lation of aul-
r, would seem
nion advanced
» water when
int entertained
Buential to its

rm<Uio» of sul-
vaters has not,
t>efore ; it cer-
to the White
al gentlemen,
I to use snoh
I singular fact.
' to inrestigate
B^neni period,
m» hefore the

virtues of the
is water, have
making up his
administering
properlj moot
it flows Irom

the spring, deprived of its gas, or with modified
quantities. He should bear in mind that there
are cases in which it is preferable that the water
should be used stale and that, by depriving it in
whde or in part of its gas, he can graduate that
amount of stimulus to the system, which it may
demand, and this, inmost cases, without lessening
the actively operative or alterative effects of 'the
water.

For some patients, the White Sulphur, as it
flows from the spring, is toos^tmu^o/injir, and hence,
before the non-stimulating method of using, it wa&
introduced, many such patients left the spring,
either without giving the water a trial, or actually
rendered worse by its stimulating influence. This
class of persons can now use the water when de-
• privedof its gas, not only with impunity, but often
with the happieat results. Numerous cures,
effected by its use in the last ten or fifteen years,
have been in that class of patients by whom the
water, fresh at the Spring, could not have been
used without injury. The cases of Mr. Morton,
of Mississippi, and J. L. Jernagan, Esq., repeated
at large in a pamphlet published in 1841, are
pertinent examples of such oases.

In cases of nervous persons, and especially in
those whose brain is prone to undue excitement, I
have often, found it necessary, either by freezing
or heating the water, to throw off its gas com-
pletely, before it could be tolerated by the system ;

mmm

WBITI SCiraiTR SPRINGS.

and fome of the happiest results I haro eror
witnessed from the use of the water hare been
aohioved by it after being thus prepared. The
oases of Mrs. H., of Georgia, and of Mr. B., of
Massachusetts,* the one afflicted with disease of
the stomach and chest, the other with chronic
inflammation of the brain, are instances, among
scores of others that might be referred to. But
this is not all. With the yiew of guarding
effectually against errors that might arise from a
defect in my own obserTations, I procured the
assistance of several physicians, and other intel-
ligent gentlemen, all of whom were familiar with
the operations and effects of the water when drunk
fresh at the spring, 'and who, with the view of
testing the facts I have Mentioned, used it them-
selves, and gave it to others, after it had been long
removed from. the spring, and with the same results
that they had previously experienced in their own
persons, or witnessed in others, from like q^uan-
tities of the freah water abounding in its gas.

My o^eot in priescribing White Sulphur has
been to pursue a discriminating or path)U)gical
practice. I regard it as an active and potent
medicine, And believe that^ like all such lAedicines,
it"^ should be used with a wise reference to the
nature of the case, and the state of the system.
I muBt noi be understood a» advancing tJu opinion,

*Beported at luge in » pamphlet pabliabed in 1841.

MWiMiiltiHNl

I hftTo ovor
er hare been
fepared. The
of Mr, B., of
ith disease of
with chronic
Ances, among
rred to. Bnt
of guarding
t arise from a

procured the
1 other intel-
familiar with
ir when drunk
h the view of
used it them-

had been long
e same results
I in their own
m like quan-
n its gas.

Sulphur has
tT pathdlbgtcal
B and potent
ich lAedicines,
:erence to the
f llie system.
ig the opinion,

bed in 1841.

•mm

i i mMim i mm!»i'i)m.f,. ':'vm0

SAUNA AND OABBOUS CONTENTS.

thtd this wcUer i$ always to be preferred after the
escape of its gas. I entertain no such opinion ;
on the contrary, for a large class of visitors, I
think it preferable that they should avail them-
selves of the use of the water either at, or recently
removed from the fountain, and as it naturally
abounds in its gases. There are other cases in
which the exciting influence of^the gas can only
..bo borne in a mare limited degree, and, for such, I
permit its partial escape before using it, while in
a numerous class of cases, (and especially on first
commencing the use of the water,) I esteem it
indispensable to its quick and beneficial operation,
that its unoombinedgas, which gives taste and smdl,
should have escaped.

In recommending the White Sulphur, then, to
the use of Jhe invalid,! esteem it quite as necessary
to investigate the manner of using, as relates to its
fresh or stale quality, as it is in reftrence to its
dose, or the times of administering it ; and for
neither would I lay down positive and absolute
rules in advance ; for each case must, in the nature
of things, give rules for its own government.'*'

* tt ia now more than twenty-five years since the author first
eased pobUc attentkn to the in^witance, indeed, the atwolute
neeiMfdty, in many cases, (rf the invalid's using this water in its
uttffimimt or ItaH stimulating form.

Like all fanovations upon old tqrinions and cuBt(«M„ it met
with its hasty ot^twtoni <^ <>'>*• ^ o^^*"^ experience was not
long in estalAshing the soundness and value of the leoom-

100

WHITB SUIPHUB OPRIKOS.

The great value of this water, as a therapeutical
agent, to a large class of persons who visit the
fountain, is a fact alike unquestioned and unques-
tionahle. That in its natural condition, as it flows
from the bosom of the earth, it is happily adapted
to numerous cases of disease, is a truth established
by upwards of sixty years' experience, as well as
fully sustained by the numerous cures that are
constantly occurring. The great value of the
water, then, fresh as it flows from the spring, and
abounding in its .gas, is a truth, so far as I know,
that is unaaaaUed, and which, I believe, is wuu-
aaSaile. Nevertheless, that there are many cases
in whioli the gas is not beneficial, in <Ae amount in
which it exists in the fresh water, is a fact which
my experience enaMes me to assert with the ut-
most confidence. That the water, in such cases,
therefore, is better without its gas than with it,
follows as effect follows cause. But I do not teach
that the wateir, per se, and without reference to
cases, should always be preferred without its gas.
I base not my practice upon any such nalrrow and
exclusive views j nor do I deny the value of the
agency of the gas in appropriate cases.

mendatioii, and now we hftve the gntifioatiaii to kaowthit it
iB TOguded by all weH-infomed pcnons u a Jttei prineiple in
the turn of the water, that, to be |ned auMjaad mostboieflcialfy,
in yery many eases, it must be used with strict referaice to its
fl^nhot ttak qwdity; or, in other words, to its aUintOatinii te
nmFtHmMkiiiiff dfocHu.

mtmm

mitimimmmmtmmm

atimmm

muiBi)

SALINE AND GASHOUS OOKTENIB.

101

therapeutical
rho visit the
and unques-
m, as it flows
ppily adapted
>h established
!e, as well as
ires that are
ralue of the
B spring, and
ir as I know,
ieve, is utuu-
e many cases
the amount in
a fact which
with tfaeut-
i such cases,
than with it,
do not teach
reference to
ihout its gas.
I narrow and
value, of the

IS.

to kaowtlut it
Ikuit priitelple ia
■HMtboieAiially,
t referance to its
te tUmtiiatifig tit

I, then, regard the tdid contents of the White
Sulphur water, either in its direct or indirect in-
fluences, as the main agency in its medicinal
efficacy. Whether the efficacy of the salts of the
water be owing to their absorption into the system
as such, or whether it depends upon the secondary
formMtion of hydro'sulphuric acid gas in the
stomach, or whether it ought to be ascribed to the
combination of these different agencies, I leave for
others more fond of speculation to decide. I have,
heretofore, been satisfled with the knowledge of the
efficacy of the solid contents, without much theo-
rizing to explain the why and wherefore.

But, it may be asked, if the gas does good in the
state of a secondary formation in the stomach,
would not a larger qpantity, taken with the fresh
water, do more good ? I reply, that this by no
means follows in that class of cases for which I
specially -dvise the ungaseous water ; for my only
objection to the fresh water, in such cases, is, that
it has too much gas. Admitting that the gas may
exert an influence, I allege that in nervous and
excitable <»8es the quantity is not only better
adapted to the system, but that any given
quantity, under a secondary formaiion, excites the
system less, from its gradual formation in the
stomach, than if suddenly received in volupie into
that viscus.

Kor do I, because I recommend the ungaseous
water in partictika' cases, repudiate and disallow

102

vmra sucpbur sPRiNaB.

all medicinal aj^enoy of the gas, as a general
principle ? Not at all. I simply contend that,
for the trtkUment of certain ocuea, there i» more <^ the
etimukUinggcu in the fresh water than such cases
can bear with advantage, and that its excessive
^citation in sach oases wonld be prejndioial
instead of beneficial.

■ But do I find it necessary to guard the amount
of gas for every water .drinker? or in effect to
erect a bed of ProcrtMfes, and oblige every one to
conform to its length ? By no means. A. arrives
at the spHngs, not much debilitated by disease,
and with a firm, nervous, and muscular system ;
there is no excessive excitability in his* case, and
neither his cerebral, njsrvous, nor vascular system
is particularly prone to be- afeoted by stimulants
or ejtoiting medicines. I advise him to use the
water tu it flows fimm the .fiHiniain, and if he
should, contrary to expectation, find thatitstimu-'
lates him unpleasantly, to set it by for a short
time before using.

B. calls ibr advice as to the manner of using the
watel- ; his ^emperainen^, and the state of his
cerebral, nervous, and vascular system is the
. opposite of A.'s *, his physical energies have been
prostrated by disease ; his nerves are unatrunff,
and, like his bmin, prone to be painfully al^ted
by stimulants or exciting medicines. He is
advised to use the water after it faa«, either
patikM^ oar en^vi^jr, parted with its gaa; thtttis,

niiiiiiiiii

i rtii i iBna i iBlilwiiiiMiai

BALINX ASh QABMOm OOJSIVBIITS.

103

« a general
ontend that,
i» more (^ the
Q such cases
its excessive
3 prejudicial

the amount
in effect) to
every one to
. ii. arrives
I by disease,
alar system ;
liis* case, and
leular system
y stimulants
1 to use the
V, and if he
that it stimu*^
r for a short

^of using the
state of his
^stem is the
es have been
vte unaktmff,
Ebtly al^ted
net. He is
t has, either
gaa; tha^ifl,

after it has been set by for twdve or eighteen Itourt,
as the delicacy and excitability of his system
demand.

In cases of inflammation of the parenchyma of
the brain, and in other highly excitable conditions
of th« cerebral or nervous system, I have the
water more carefully prepared, either by heating
or freesing it. I have a case at this time under
treatment, in the person of Mrs. F.y in which
thbre is such an extreme susceptibility of the braioit
that absolute derangement, for several hours, was
the consequence, in several instances, of taking
two glasses of the water fresh from the spring ;
although -she bears with impunity, and is
improving rapidly, under prepared water.

In graduating the, amount of stimulus, or, if
tbB gaseous tiraorist please, the amount of medical
material to the wante of the system— in other
words, varyiingihe preeaiption to tuit the oa«e-«am
I departing fi^m a scientific and approved system
of practice? What would be thought of the
science of a medical man, who invariably used
either the same medicine, or the same dose of any
medioinoj without regard to the peculiarities or
constitution of his patients ? Just what ought to
be thought of mOf or any one, who would direct
sopotontanageatas White Sulphur water to be
used alike in every variety of constitution and
disease.

▲ popular error, in r^tiea to miaenl watmn^^

104

wHm smurauK spbincmi.

is that they exert a sort of mysterious influence on
the system ; and that, as nature has elaborated
them in the bowels of the earth, they are, there-
fore, formed in the best possible manner for the
cure of disease. This opinion is not more
reasonable than it would be to suppose that nature
has formed antimony in the best possible form, for
the cure of disease-, although we know that in
this form, under the administration of the cele-
brated Basil Valentine, it slew all the monks in his
cloister. '

Like all other remedial agents, potent mineral
waters produce certain effects npon the animal
economy, and these ^ects will be beneficial or
injurious, as the remedy is properly or improperly
employed. For instance, C., who is nervous,
delicate, and excitable, and is affSscted with.
ftt&cUoD4l derangement of the organs, requires to
ceOMve, lor a certain time, the^ infinence of a
mineral water, which, while it acts as an aperient
upon his bowels, enters his circulation, oomrses
through his system^ and aJteroles his dersnigcd
organs ; being, at the s^ne time, so Uand and
irastimolating in its general eff^, as not to
MSKMft any ono, or a series of organs into undue
(«cit«D»ent aud rebellion against the common
good; Such a remedy is found in the eteUe and
^iiSHiseotts White Sulfur water.

D. requires the very same effects to be exerted
upon his diseased organs,— -but ho is of very

■MMiiiiMiii

imm»itft0immitt

ilBiMilH

I influence on
>• elaborated
Y are, there-
nner for the
I not more
B that nature
ble form, for
now that in
of the cele-
i monks in fais

tent mineral
1 the animal
beneficial or
r improperly
is nervous,
ffSscted with .
B, requires to
fiuence of a
B an aperient
tion, eo^ses
liis deranged
lo Uand and
kf as not to
I into undue
the common
he tkUe and

> be- exerted
is of yery

irr i if i i ii i i i m i ftiii- i uijiiii i i

bAURl AHD OASaOTO OONTmnS.

different temperament and constitution. His
brain and nerves are prone to no unnatural excite-
ment, and he is unaffected with the thousand
physical sensibilities to which C. is subject. D.
may take the White Sulphur water with impunity
and advantage, In any manner most agreeable to
him. In his case its exciting gas constitutes no
objection to its use. The good effects of the water,
so differently used by G. and D., will be the same,
because the clifferenoe in their oases makes the
d^erence in the use of the remedy.

ilBi

106

WHUS nnuPHVB SPinrcNS.

I t

CHAPTEB TIT.

OENBRAL DIRBOnONB FOR THE USB OP THE
WHITS 8ULPH13R WATER'

JUnOifm meant to 6« OMtral, not Spee^k^^^ not OeMraay
to<*toeuSmMh()per<ai<mtftheWattfrf<M' Uihtit ^telt-

. Moderate or 6maU Qumtitlu QtMnta^ Puftrtm-Tk* heit
TimMfortakintU^Lmtfk<^ TimffriOiAitikoMbeUtd
^Neemiary Prtfomitimttf Vu agittm for Vu Vmef»» WaUr

BgnaptlB tf J{«to tote Obtened-Vm tf BaOit.

MooH that might h&ve been said under this
head, haa been anticipated in the chapter on
" mineral waters in general."

It is scarcely necessary to remark, after all that
has heretofore been said of the necessity of using
MnrmuL Waxbbs with tirid reference to (&e nature
of ike diaeaeein wAtcfc they are em^^xtyed^ that it is
not designed that the directions, herein given,
ihall be considered sufficient to guide in tiie use
of the White Sulphur in all cases, or in any diffi-
«nlt and important case, to the exclusion qI the
more minute and specific directions, which such
* mse may demand. It is my intention rather to
indicate the gewmi nrfes, which ordinarily must
he obsenred in its administration, than tp lay

^ifmmimmt'Ui^tlA

mmtn^im mtii

i'j ii fi)i'ri i iit ii ittii'i''f i tf I ' "• "IT"' '■^"^"'^""^g'*^

II » ^'iitMiiiii'irt ■».,([ ■<iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.iiiiiiaiiniiMim

USE OF THE
BR.'

¥u$t not QmercMy
ff&thtit SS«i*»-

M«i*MtUie Xlui
he Vmqfik» Water
feeteonthtPtUte-
lOe.

Ad. under this
be chapter on

c, after all that
«Mity of using
ice to t^ nature
'oi/edi that it is
herein given,
uide in the use
or in any diffi-
xclosion <^ the
>nsi which such
ntion rather to
>rdinarily must
n, than tp lay

■ifiwir

fe^ i«tei8M»!Matt^

onnnAL mBacnoira.

107

down definite directions which shall apply to all
cases.

Every one who is &niiliar with the Tarions
types of disease, and with the pecnliarities and
radical difference in diffbrent constitutions and
temperaments, modifying and influencing dis-
eased action, will at once he satisfied of the
impossibility of laying «down any absolute rule,
for the use of a potent mineral water, that should
he strictly adhered to in all oases. Each case, to
a certain extent, must, with this, as with all
other medicinal agents, indicate the proper dose,
and the proper manner of administration.

As has heen already remarked, it is very omi-
mon to attribute the beneficial effects of mineral
waters to their immediate tenuihU and olfvwui
effects Upon the human b6dy. I have shown this
opinion to beerroneons-^hat, so fitrfrom it being
true that such waters uni£»rmly manifest their
beneficial effisots by their active opetatiomt >vch
operations frequently delay, or entirely prevent,
the good which they otherwise would have aooomr
plished through the medium of their aUemiive
effects.

Th(Me who desire'to obtain the aUerc^ve opera-
tions of the water, must, as a gmaral ruU, take it
in small t^uantities, and continue its use for such
length of time as will be suffixnent, in commOtt '
spriiig parlance, to "saturate the system/' Pa-
tients ikiVB using the water are apt, however, to

108

wHin suirauB spBoras.

become restlesi and diasatiBfied for the first few
days; so much so, that it is often difficult to
reconcile them to this manner of administration ;
because, say they, "it is doing me no good;"
they wish to see such tokens of activity as are
given by prompt and vigorous purgation. In a
general way, it is preferable that the water act
sufficiently on the bowels, eyen when given in
reference to its aU«reUive ^eott, to obviate th6
necessity of giving any other medicine for that
purpose ; but it is often better to- use some mild
purgative from the shops, to effect this object for
the first few days, than that the quantity of water
should be greaUy increased.

Comparatively but ,few strangers, who visit the
White Sulphur, are aware ef the potency of its
watdrs, and, under the fiilse impression that no
harm will arise from any quantity the stomach
will bear, man;|^ are induced to use them in quan-
tities that not only defeat their sanative effects,
but do much positive injury.

I have just remarked that it is often difficult to
recot^le patients to the use of smi^l and inop-
erative quantities of this water. Many such
iniptances come under my observatibn, and B<mie in
which painful experience alone could control. A
prominent case of this kind occurred in my prac-
tice several years since, in th^ person of Mr. C.
He was under treatment for a complicated- stomach
and neuralgic affection, and had used the water

tiiiiiiiiMWiiuiiMJiMMitiiaii;^^ ^

tm^

the first few
A difficult to
niniitration ;
9 no good;"
ttivity M are
Ration. la a
;he water act
len giren in
obviate th^
cine for that
le Bome mild
his ohject for
ititjr of water

who visit the
potency of its
ision that no
the stomach
hem in quan-
lative effects,

en difficalt to
M and inop-
Hany such
, and wome in
i eontrol. A
I iia my pcac-
lon of Mr. 0.
iatod- stomach
led the water

OENSRAL DiBicrnoirs.

109

twelve days, in small doses, with good effect; he
was lodging at one of the adjoining hotels, and,
believing that he was doing well, I did not see
him for two or three days, and then casually met
with him. I was astonished to find him greatly
changed for the worse. His appetite, before good,
had almost entirely ceased ; his system was irri-
table and feverish ; could not sleep at night ; and
in every respect was sensibly worse ; had begun
to despair, and proposed leaving for home, as he
was " satisfied the water was not agreeing with
him." I accused him of impropriety in diet, or
of other imprudedoes, but he satisfied me that he
had followed my directions in all such things, but
that he had so far varied from my advice in the
use of the water, as to take'Miefoen instead of tix
glasses daily, for the last few days. I advised
this gentlenuin, as I would all others who have
committed a similar "debauch" on cold water,
to discontinue its use entirely for a time, and then
return to the use of it in rational doses. This
plan was pursued by him, and with the happiest
results.

The opinion is as common as it is erroneous,
among those who visit mineral waters, that they
are to be benefited in proportion to the quantity
they drink. Persons in health, or not debilitated
by disease, do sometimes indulge in enormously
large and long-continued potations of such waters,
with apparent impunity ; but it by no means fol-
io

110

WHITB SULPHOE 8PBINCN9.

Ibwa that those whose stomachs are enervated by
disease, and whose general health is much en-
feebled, can indulge the habit with equal si^fety.
In such stomachs the effects oi inordinate disten-
tion are ^Iways painful and injurious, while the
sudden diminution of the temperature, from large
quantities of cold fluid suddenly thrown into the
system, can scarcely fail to prove injurious.

I sometimes meet with another class of visitors,
who err just as much on the opposite extreme ;
they arrive at the springs, and place themselves
under the government of a recuae for the use of
the water, drawn up, most commonly, by some
distant medical adviser, who has never himself
had an opportunity oif observing its effects ; and
such not unfrequently take this aqtta medidnalis
in literally broken doaet; — ^in quantities altogether
hoLSofflcient to produce any sanative effect.

•

PERIODS FOR THE USE OF THE WATER, ETC.

The proper time for using the water is in the
morning before breakfast, wjien the stomach is
empty, and the absorbent vessels most active. It
may generally be used to advantage an hour or
two before dinner, and before going to bed at
night.

In many cases it is best that the whole that is
taken in the course of the day, bo divided into two
parts, and taken, either in the morning before

■«i|Si^»!SN«MMiMMwil

mmmu

iiiiMiliiri>i

iBiaiiiiMim^iMMii'im^ ^

omnRAL DiRBonoira.

Ill

enervated by
is much on-
equal si^fety.
dinate disten-
)UB, while the
re> flrom large
rown into the
nrions.
UB8 of yisitors,
lite extreme;
ce themselveB
or the use of
snly, by some
leyer himself
I effects ; and
ua medidnaits
lies altogether
effect.

ATER, ETC. ;

ater is in the
le stomach is
wt active. It
B an hour or
ing to bed at

whole that is
rided into two
>rning before

breakfast, and a short time before dinner ; or in
the morning, and a short time before going to
bed at night.

Advantage is very seldom seoared from the
water being taken before supper, and often it is
prejudicial from its proneness to ran off-by the
kidneys. Observation leads me to believe that,
as a general rule, the water taken before breaJ^cutf
and before going to bed at night, is most serviceable
to a majority of invalids ; though there are some
who cannot very well bear it at night, and attention
should always be paid to this circumstance.

It should not be used immediately before or
after a meal ; nor should glass after glass ordi-
narily be taken in rapid awxeasion. By this repre-
hensible practice the stomach -is overtasked, and,
immediately, unpleasant consequences result, such
as eructations, giddiness, unpleasant excitation, and
a painful sense of fullness, and sometimes a perma-
nent injury of the stomach with atonic dysptpsia.
Such a course also disposes the water to run off
hastily by Che kidneys— an operation for which it
has naturally a strong tendency, and which often
embarrasses in its administration.

LKNQTH OF TIME TO USE THE WATER

The length of time the invalid should continue
the use of the water, depends entirely upon the

112

WHITB 8ULPBUH BPBIR08.

natwre of the cate — the manner in which it has
been used, and the ausotptibilitiet of the tysiem.
Moft erroneous notions exist in a largo portion
of the pnblio mind upon this subject. Many
believe that it will exert all its good influences,
or, as they say, will <* saturate the system," in
eight or ten days ; others allow it two, three, and
four weeks> to effect the same object. Now, the
truth is that the time in which the ultimate good
effects of the water are accomplished, always
depends, as before remarked, upon circumstances
— upon the nature of the case, the manner in which
U hae been used, and upon the nucqttibUities qfthe
$ffetem. Some persons will be thrown as fully
under its influence ip two weeks as others will
be in four; and yet it may be equally well
adapted to each case. In every case of its admin-
istoation, respect should rather be had to the
^eete it is producing than to the time it has been
used. It never cures diseases until it has first
produced certain ^eote upon the animal economy,
— ^Bnraois which can always be distiirguished by
t)ie practiced observer during the progress of their
operation, with the same certainty with which we
can distinguish the effects under the alterative
operation of mercury.

It often happens that persons, to whose cases
the water is well adapted, use it assiduously for
three or four weeks, without deriving a particle of
permanent benefit ; and all in oonseqnmice of so

MMMliilMMIiiW

which it has
of the wyatem.
largo portion
)ject. Many
>d influences,
I system," in
ro, three, and
it. Now, the
ultimate good
ished, always
circamstances
WMT in which
iibUitiM <^ the
>own as fully
« others will
equally well
of its admin-
) had to the
ne it has heen
il it has first
mal economy,
iffguished hy
)gre8s of their
rith which we
the alteratiye

whose cases
Bsiduously for
g a particle of
eqnence of so

m mmmmmammm mi

OmRAL DIRKmOKS.

118

imi-f o[)erly using it, both in time and quantity^ as
to force it out of the system by the emunctories,
without " touching the case," — without being
permitted to tarry long enough to produce any of
those aalutary ^ec<« which must precede a cure.

It cannot, therefore, be too earnestly urged
upon those who are using the water for any
obitinate di$e(ue, to have their attention fixed upon
the ^eds which it is producing, or has produced,
rather than upon a given number of days, in
which they may have been taught to believe their
systems would become changed or " saturated."

Dr. Armstrong found that from aise to twdve
weeks were often required for Harrowgate and
Dinsdale waters to produce their full curative
effects ; and I occasionally see similar time re-
quired for the development of the full efTects of
this water. In some cases, however, where the
system was previously well prepared, and the
subsequent management judicious, the White
Sulphur will produce its aUwative operations in
about two weeks. Such cases, however, are rare,
and itwiU generally be found that from three to six
weeks, or even longer, must elapse under its use,
before those "profound changee" are wrought
which precede and insure a return to health.
Thesp remarks, as far as they relate to time, arc
applicable to all our mineral waters .that cure
disease in virtue of their cdterative action *, for, if

10*

114

WHITE SDLPHUB SPBINGS.

they be true as to the Harrowgate;* on© of the
strongest sulphur waters in the world, and of the
WkU9 Sulphury scarcely, if at all, inferior in
strength to that celebrated European spring, they

♦Tlie SRmvwgata and TTWto SiOphwr vxUen differ very
materially. Tlw author Tisited and q>ent some time at Har-
rowgate in 1881, and expraaaes tlie opinion, as the reaolt of Us
penonal obeerrations md inquiries at the springs, that the
Hantmgate Sulphor watera, whUe they are stronger than the
White Sulphor hi sraoe of the $alt» ooinmon to both, are nerer-
thelesB iniMor to the lattw in attenUte potouy and efficacy.

There are no le«Bl;han/<wr««0» different wells at Harrowgate,
all of which are more or less resorted to on account of their
medical properties. Six of them are impregnated with
sulphuretted hydrogen ; five of them are pure chalybeates ; one
is a saline chidybeate; and two may be considered as slmp)^
salhie, since they oontoiB |ittte iron and are destttute of
sulphuretted l^drogen.

The QU BtOphur mU, the steongest of this class of wsten at
Harrowgate, is beantiAilly tranqiwrent and sparkling; of the
tenq;Mgrature of 400, supposed to be the mean temperature of
that part of ToricBhire. By analysis, it is found to contain in
•ninqp^rial gallon—

Chloride of sodium....... „.... 887*0 grains.

^hhnide <tf caldum 87-0 "

^Cihloilde <tf magurinm 48-5 "

n-caritanate of soda............. 9(H> "

loies

^ Snip, hydrogen gas...... IS-MjOIib.

%^ OuboDicadagas. %'Wl^ "■

Ciibaretted hydrogm gas (mI

ASOHG JJMk»t***aaasM«*M*flsa»a»**tae««»**»»M 0*8s

84-00

li.i i i iii iA: lii i irirtifiirffrr'"''-'^''"'"'^' ■■"■'*'^^-*^^--^'"'»^"^»^-*'' '■■----■'

:ii-ami.:.

one of tlie
, and of the
inferior in
pring, they

r$ differ veiy
time at Har-
3 reanlt of liit
Ings, that the
>i>ger than tlie
Mil, are nerer-
id efficacy.
t Harrowgate,
connt of their
Bgnatied with
klybeates; one
red as aimp]^
I deatitate of

a of waters at

fUing; of tlifi

(emperatnie of

to oontatn in

>graiiia.

^.!

m^mi i iimnmtM

OBNKBAL DIBBCnONS.

115

cannot be less true of waters of the same class,
but inferior in point of strength.

When sulphurous waters are prescribed, their
operations should be narrowly watched, and if
they produce untoward and unpleasant symptoms/
such as Aeadache, gcutrio diatreaa, furred tongvet
quick and irritcMe ptdw, toUh eoative bowds and
loss of appetite, they should be temporarily or
permanently discontinued, as circumstances may
demand. The temporary discontinuance of the
water, under the circumstances just supposed, and
the use of a brisk cathartic, or the lancet, if the
stat-e of the blood-vessels demand it, will generally
enable us to return to its use in a day or two with
safety and success.

PREPARATION FOR THB USE OF THE WATER.

Some preparation of the system, preceding the
use of the water, is often, though not always,
necQvsary for its safe and advantageous adminis*
tration. Most persons, after the excitement usual
to the travel in visiting the springs, will be
profited by taking some gentle purgative, and by
the use of ^ght and, cooling diet for a day or
two before%y» water is freely used. Thole in
feeble healt^|tould commence the water with
caution, and genrai^y in its kati tiimidating fonh,
that is, after it has remained in an open vessel*
until its gas has escaped. If, with these preoau-

116

WHITB SULPHUR SPBINOS.

tions, it fail to exert its. desired effoctg, or produce
unpleasant symptoms, the. medical adviser, to
wliom it would be necessary to resort in such an
emergency, would, of course, prescribe according
to circutnstances ; nor can any geney^rule be
given as respects the treatment thaV'would be
necessary in such' a case, — ope patient often
requiring treatment essentially different irom
another. # *

Invalids, however, ought not to despair of the
use of the water, and of its adaptation to their
eases, simply beciaase it may, at first, or even in
the progress of its use, display some vagrant and
improper action upon the system* Errw« in its
cuition, if they may so be termed f generally arise
from errors in Ue( use, and may generally be
prevented by a change in the method of adminis-
tration, or by some medical adjuvants, so that the
water may be safely continued.

SSN^m^E EFFECTS OF THE WATER ON TQE
9TSTEM.

The setuiHe medicinal ^eets of the water are
prominently displayed in its action upon the
boufelSfUverj Udneys and «Ki», an4^hen drunk
fresh at the fountain, by a In^^Kmnvikmt effect
iipon the system in general^K^^^oii the hrain in
particular. y;^^^

^to^t quan^ties Jta^lria tb^e morning before

IMi

■MMii

Hii

mmmm

OS.

!ect8, or produce
cai adviser, to
iort in such an
loribe according
genei^rnle be
thaV'would be
I patient often
different irom

despair of t^e
station to their
irst, or even in '
ne vagrant and
u Errwra in its

generaUy arise
f generally be
lod of adminis-
mts, 80 tbat the

lTEB on TQB

f the water are
tion upon the
^0rhen drunk
^mnulaiHt effect
poll the brain, in

worning before

OBmEKAL DIBBOTIONS.

.breakfast, will often exert some oathartio effect in
the course of the day. The liver is, in most
instances, brought under its influence, from a few
^ys perseverance in the use of it, t» will be
manifest from the character of the excretions.
Its action upon the kidneys is readily induced, and
we occasionally see it exerting, at the same time,
both a tiiAtic and cathartic operation. Very
isommonly the exhalent vessels of the skin are
stimulated to increased peroration; but its full
effects upon the surface, manifested not only by
increased, but aidphvroM» perepiraHonf do not occur
Until it has been freely used for several weeks, nor
until the secretory system generally has been
brought under its influence.

In r«ferenoe to its cathartic effects, I remark,
that while as a general rule it gently opens the
bowels, and in some cases purges freely, we meet
with aeeasioBal cases in which its effects are
distinctly oonster^tive from the fint. In other
cases I have known it to purge gently for the flrst
few day's and afterwards to produee constipation.

As the system is brought under the influ(|nce of
the water, the appetite and the ability to digest
food are M|^ly augmented. The spirits become
buoyant -alMhewftil, with increased desire for
social oompw^^iJM amuwments.

Exercise, prei^hnly irksome, is now ei^eyed
without &tigue, ai\d Id great is the change in the
whole man, that ^e patioiiit often expresses his

118

whub sulphpb emsos.

tt.

appreciation of it by declaring that he is "anew
man,"— and 8o he is, in reference to his physical
and social feelings.

VBTBX3TB ON THE PULSE.

The effect of the water upon the ptUse ought to
he distinctly noted, inasmuch as itsflusilon upon
the ciroulaiory system affords one of the bes^
indications of its adaptation, or inadaptation, to
the i»se.

Am a general rnle it will be fonnd that, after
the water has been properly used for a sufficient
time to enter the circulation, by those to whose
cases it is well adapted, and the frequency of.
whose pulse is much above the natural standard,
the pulse 'will be reduced in frequency and in
force. This reduction of the pulse is not the Wa-
s^venoe of any dira^ Mdative action of the water
<Hl the he«urt and arteries, but is tjbe sanatiye
reiuU-of its atterative and calming influences
upon the general economy ; and especially f^bm
its agency in stimulating glandular secretions,
emalging the emunotories, removing offensive
df^ris tluat opj^ress the oironlatory ittgaiM and
ftinetions, thus giving a clear and ttiicimbwrassed
course to the great circuit of the fluids through
the system, as weH the chyle and lymph as the
venous and arteri»l blood.

A common oonieqmenoe, from the proper admin-

ilHillliiHi^

amncRAL DixBCfnoNs.

119

he is ''anew
> his physical

f»d$e ought to
BflMsllon upon
9 of the hes|
adaptation, to

iiid that, after
for a sufficient
hose to whose

frequency of.
iral standard,
uency and in
is not the em-
n of the water

the sanatiye
ing influences
specially from
ar secretions,
ring offensive
f mgMM and
lienthMrassed
Buidi through -
lymph as the

proper admin-

istration of the water, in cases to which it is well
suited, is an essential modification of the circula-
tion hoth in frequency and force; so much so,
indeed, that I am never surprised to, find the
pulse, whose heat has heeli from 90 to 120 in the
minute, reduced to 76 or 80, and, in many cases,
quite down to the natural standard of the indi-
vidual, whatever that may have heen ; while the
volume of blood in the artery is increased, as well
as the softness and mildntss of its flow.

Experience has so clearly taught me to rely
upon the reduction of the frequency and force of
the pulse, as indicative of the value of the water
to the ' patient, that I habitually look to such
effects as among the most distinct indications to
'persevere in its use.

On the contrary, if the effects of the water be
to increase the number of pulsations, or, in any
considerable degree, to render the circulation
more irritable, my inferences are unfavorable t9
its use; and if this state of things cannot be
readily changed by a different administration of
the water, iti discontinuance is advised, for «f
never jprova ben0eial when it peneiveHngly exdtef
the frequenoff </ the etrcfdaUon, There may be iw
condition of thingt; in the case that would not
justify a hasty discontinuance of the water, merely
because of its proneness to stimulate, in a sli|^hi
degree, the heart and arteries ; t^t the propriety
of contiauing itf jiise, in way such case, can only

WHII8 SULPHUB SnUNOS.

be safely judged of bj the well informed and dis-
criminating medical mind.

8TKOP8IS OP FAOTS ILLU8TRATIN0 THE MBD^
ODTAL CHARACTER OF THE WATER, ETC.

The following, facts, intended to illnstrate the
peculiar medicinal character and influences of the
White Sulphur water, as well as the best manner
of using it in ordinar/* cases, have been alluded
to in other parts of this volume; nevertheless,
(although it may involve a repetition,) it is
thought best to group them under one general
head, for the greater convenience of the reader.

Severally, and collectively, they are positions of
great importance to the invalid, and long experi-*
fnoe enables me to regard them in the light of
APHOUSMB, or fixed facts.

1. The water is always more stmvkuUf and gen-
erally leu purgaHvCf when taken fresh at the
qpring and abounding in its gas.

2. The alterative, or changing, effects of the
water, are by far its most valuable effects, and are
those which j more than all others, give to it its
distinctive and effective character.

3. If the water produces active purgative, or
tH^etio effects, its (dterative action is correspond-
ingly delayed.

4. In obstinate and important cases, the invalid
•hpuld never conStder that he has given the water

>rined and dis

rO THE MISDI-

lTer, etc.

illiutrat« the
flnenoes of the
le best manner
> been alluded
; nevertheless,
letition,) it is
>r one general
r the reader.
ive positions of
d long experi-*
n the light of

idantf and gen-
i fresh at the

effects of the
sffects, and are
, give to it its

purgative, or
is correspond-

les, the invalid
iven'the water

li iii i itti i iii i itiM'''^ |'

assiRAL DXBsonora.

131

a fair trial, or that he has obtained its full cura-
tive effects, until he has experienced its general
alterative ii^ueitoes, and maintained them upon
the system for some time, Auithia eiUirtiff irretpeo-
Uvt of Um time he may hhve used the water.

5. As it is uniformly true that the water is
seldom permanently serviceable, when it acts as
an irritant upon tmj portion of the body, it follows
that its use should not be persevered in when, fbr
any considerable time, it continues thus to act.
It may, however, almost invariably be made to
act kindly and soothingly, by a modification of
the mi^nner of using it, or by such gentle medi-
cinal appliances as the peculiarity of Ihe case may
deinand.

6. From an improper use of the water, or ftma
failure ta use a timeous dose of medicine, to bnug
the system into a proper condition to receive it, it
occasionally diwgrees with persons (to whose con- ,
stitution and case it is well fulapted,) until the
errors, whatever they may be, have been «>r-
rected.

t. An active and long-continued diwretio iffext
is generally useless, and frequently hurtfi[l, and
hence, when in much excess, should be arrested.
This may be effected v^% 9ne utmoet ixrtainiy by a
modification in the qiuanti*sf, or periode of uamg the
water, and by genUe medical means that divert from
the kichteye cmd determine to the liver and akin.

$. As to the amount of water to be used in the
11

122

WBITB SUIf HUB SPKHTCW.

oonrse of the day, or as to the number of days it
should be uied; it is impossible to lay down a
definiU rule to apply in all catet. So much depends
upon the nature of the case, and the peculiarities
of the constitution of the patient, that no Jixed
ruh in these^partidulars can be laid down as appli-
cable to all cases, and an attempt to do so would
be an act of empiricism more apt to mislead than
to edify.

USE OF BATHS.

A most valuable aid in the use of this water is
the <ept(7, warm, or hot sulphur bath. I cannot
here enter into particul&r directions for the use of
such baths. I just obserre thftt they may be made
an important auxiliary in a large circle of cases,
if timely and otherwise properly employed.

Mia ndphur bathing, indeed hot bathing of any
kind, is a remedy potent and positive in its
influences ; — capable of efiEbcting much good when
judiciously employed, or corresponding evil when
improperly used. Like potent mineral waters, it
is often used empirically and improperly, and,
hence,, becomes a' curse when it should have been
a blessing. It is a remedy essentially revolu-
tionary in its character ,-^never negative, but
always producing positive results upon the
economy, for good or for ievil.

The condition of the system indi^tes with
toffioient denrnesB the time for oommencing, and

er of days it
I lay down a
moh depends
peouliarities
hat no fattd
>wn aa appli-
do 80 would
miilead than

ibis water is
ii. I cannot
or the nse of
may be made
role of cases,
iloyed.

Omg of any
itire in its
h good when
ag evil when
ral waters, it
operly, and,
Id have been
tally revolu-
egative, but
I upon the

lif^tesf with
itenciug, and

okhhul DnutL

128

the temperature of the bath. In most cases, the
(a^Atft^ jpo»n< is as dearly indicated under a course
of sulphur waters as the blistering or bleeding
point is in inflammations, and the ralue of the
remedy is much dependent upon such timely
employment. When the watex* has well opened
the bewels, — ^has found its way into the general
circulation, softening the skin and calming the
irritation of the arterial system, the «trfjp&«r haih»
may be used with great confidence in their
efficacy.

Eat btUhs should never be taken during the
existence of febrile excitement. They should be
used on an empty stomach, and, as a general rule,
before the decline of the day, and their tempera-
ture always carefully regulated to suit the nature
of the case and the state of the system.

!Mmm»

»« ' ,v«!r '

124

WHXni SUIffBUR fPRINM.

. CHAPTER VIII.

DIKBABES m WHICH THE WHITB SULPHUR MAT,
OR MAT NOT, BE USEFULLY PRESORIHED.

ChnMt IMlaifm ^ tiU AnoA— GMMMN<»-m»— IMmow of
tf« ITfiiMry 'OiyM*— CArmfc If^^lMtNMMm </ tt« JTMrny*—
JWntntw J t Mi« iKMRWif ; ^MfMrrftoa, INmMiwrrAMs OUih
f«At Jm^ffhrnk—Ohfonh AglteUima if Oe Aw<m— jr«rw«M
Zttmmt- -Birai^/ilt—Same ftrm if Ohnmit JMmmw tf M«
<7AmI^ vr Arkut OmpktMt, (to »• owMnI «» JPuftNMary
eXMinM««tol)»-AwiMlW*--iC'»fM<t IMteHM qf tiU AMs
AoMiuA^ X^mii Ilho*tdiHontd Uktr»— B k mm a 1i tm and
Bia^Pnpikt—Sartf¥ki--Mmmrka Simam — Aya^MiM —
JM to ti u»e& in JMmom* ^ fl« JBSwrf, 0r <» AlbATW and
Ouhetr—OM^btaU Sprinif—Btelilif and U$ AmmmUfMatthe
IFMb <8M|rtiM<, 0k).

All mineral waten^ m before remarked, are
stimQ)ant8 to a greater or less degree, and conse-
quently are inapplieable to the treatment of acute,
'Or highlj inflammatory diseases. This remark is
•i^eoialtj true as relates to the White Snlphur,
partionlarlj when drunk firesh at the ppring, and
abounding in its stimulating gas. It is true, as
before shown, that when its exciting gas has
iown off, it becomes far less stimulating, and may
be used with safety and succms in /jaies to whip||,

iii

iiiii

TLPHUR MAT,
SSCRIBED.

Gatkro-BKUrttU-
Kttf U>» Splm^
-POf—Dimmttf
€f Ike Kkhun*—
nnmorrh m , Ohh-
« Aw<M— Jf«rw«M
id Dtieam tf tiUt

» ^ (lU AMi,
.BAmmmiMmi oimI
•M — Jl iyj p w l ai —
> <» iSsXi^nw oimI

emarlrad, are
M, and conse-
ment of acate,
l?his remaflE is
kite Sttlpbur,
lO ppring, and
\% is true, as
iting gas has
tingi-ahdmay
lies to wliioli,

DioAfln — ^DmonoKB. Si

in its perfectly fresh state, it would' he totally
unadapted. Bat even in its least stimulating
form, it is inadmissihle for excited or fehrile
conditions of the system ; and especially to cases
of inflammatory action— at least, until the
violence of such action has heen suhdned hy other
and appropriate agents.

Various diseases of the stomach, liver, spleen,
kidneys, and hladder, as well as some derange-
ments of the brain and nervous system generally,
are treated successfully by this agent. To the
various affections of the skin, unattended with
active inflammation > to chronic affections of the
bowels, and to gout and rheumatism, it is well
adapted. In hsBmorrhoids ; in some of the
chronic affections of the womb ; in chlorosis and
other kindred female disordors ; in mercurial
se^tida, and especially in the secondary forms of
lues, and iU'Oonditioned ulcers in depraved 96n-
stittttions, it constitutes the most valuable remedy
to which the invalid can resort.

If the individual, about to submit himself to
the use of this water, is suffering from fiiUness
and tension about the head, or pain with a sense
of tightness in the chest or side, he should obtain
relief f^om these symtoms before entering ,|ip<»i
it3 use. If his tongue be white or heavily coated,
or if he be continuously or periodically fev«>rish,
or have that peculiar lassitude, with gastric
distress, manifesting recent or acute biliiry

wHXfi sOLrauK anasu.

MonmulatiooR, he should avoid its use until, b
proJMr medical treatment, his biliary organs are
emnlged, and his system prepared for its reception.
Much suffering, on the one hand, would be
aroided, and a fisr larger amdunt of good, on the
other, would be aohiered, if yisitors «were
perfectly aware of, and carefully mindful o'f these
Ihote.

It is an every-day ocourrenoe during the water-,
ing season at the " White/' for persons to seek
medical adrioe^ for the first time,«ftcr they have
been using the water for daysi periiaps for weeks,
and it is then sought because of vagrant opera-
tions, or injurious effects of the water. In most
such oases there will be, found, upon examination,
9Uh$t the existence of some of the symptoms just
mentioiied, or evidences of lootU ii^lammation in
come part of the body, sufficient to j^event the
eottstittttional efficacy of the remedy. I am often
atruck with the control which an apparently
Snoonsidenble local inflammation will exert, in
preventing the constitutional effects of mineral
waters. To - remove such looil determinatimis
whrnre they exist, or- greatly to lessen .their
aeHvtty, is all-imi)ortant to secure tbe constitu-
tional effects of sulphur water.

It is neoeMary to refleist that minetal waters,

like all medicinal substances, are adaptCNl only to

certain diseases, and that the more powerfully they

' aot, the greater mischief th^ are capable of doing

iiiii i iiw i i i

l^ig-iifiiM^ygj i ^ li iiiii i

flW

MPM

DmAUS— i>iUonoH8.

use nntil, by
y organi are
its reception,
d, would be
good, on the
rieitori «were
idful of these

»g the water-,
rsons to leek
«r they have
,pi for weeks,
(grant opera-
»r. In most
examination,
jrmptomt just
fkunmation in
3 ]»eyent the
r. 1 am often
n apparently
will exert, in
to of mineral
leterminations
lessen .their
the constitn-

netal waters,
bpte^ only to
Dwerfallythey
pable of doing

Pn^'jf^f^feiif'w i iw i * " " '

if improperly administered ; /or, if it be aaaertifd
that they ore oopoMe qf doing good only, without the
power of doing Aetrm, we may he eaiitfied that their
qualitiea are too ineig^/ioant to merit notice.

This consideration indicates the necessity of
some caution in the we of waters which posses*
any sanative powers, and suggests the propriety
in all doubtful cases, of consulting some pro-
fessional man familiar with the subject, whose
judgment may determine how far the water is
applicable to each individual case, and in what
manner it should be employed to be most effica-
cious.

A long list of successful cases that have fallen
under my care, adapted to illustrate the beneficial
effects of these waters, in some of the more general
and important maladies, might perhaps, without
impropriety, bo inserted here ; but I am induced
to omit the insertion, because I am aware with
what suspicion medical cases, however well
authenticated, are received from an individual,
when they are given to favor any partieulw
practice, or to recommend any particular -water.
Besides, the insertion of names is objectionable' in
all private practice, and I consider the reputation
of this particular water to be now too well
Mtablished to require such assistance.

But, anxious to obviate all possibility of
mistake, and to prevent the reputation of a remedy
so w«ll- deserving public confidence from being

i a i *wfei4 i .<v ii

mz:

T ■".:-":v ;,:::;—

128

WHnU SOLPHUB SPBDiaS.

sallied by failures, on account of misapplication
and improper collateral treatment, I shall add to
a catalogue of the leading diseases, to which these
springs are more immediately adapted, a few
succinct directions for the rational obserrance of
such cautions. as will be most likely to increase
their salutary efficacy. And this, from local
situation and the ample experience of near thirty
years, I flatter myself I am in some measure
capable of 'doing.

DYSFEFSLL

. In this common and annoying disease, ooiuisting
in derangepient of function in the organs of diges-
tion, the White Sulphur water has long maintained
ahigh.ehuracter. In this affection, especially in
Its coolkiaed stage, we. almost invariably find the
biliary secretions either vitiated in quality of de-
Ibieni in quantity ; constituting an important,
and, not onirequiently, an embarrassing feature
in its^ treatment; nor can we ordinarily succeed
ias$ffeo1uUig a cure until the Secretory fttaetions of
th» Hv«r are restored to a natural and healthy
eondition.

The beneficial effects of the water in c^y^N^pytn,
f»em to result mainly from its sanativeiaction upon
the liver. To aerate the secretory Innctioiis of
that organ, and establish a flow of healthy bile,
is one of the great fortes of the water, ahd almost
an invaruible result of its persevering use-. : -

aisapplication
; shall add to
ko which these
apted, a few
obserrance of
7 to increase
I, from local
>f near thirty
lome meaaur^

ue, ooiuisting
rgans (tf diges-
Qg maintained
, espeoiajlly in
riablj find the
quality of de-
»n important,
ming feature
narily succeed
7 fttnctions of
i and healthy

' in dfftpf^ttm,
▼Ciaetiontipon
y Itinctioiis of
! healthy hilOj
er, atid ahnost
ig use-. '

'ttm

•?"W??HP!?1

DiBBASBi— DntBcnoira.

129

That the water benefits the stomach, in many
cases, by a primary action,— first, as an alkali and
stimulant, neutralizing its acidity, and imparting
directly a tone and energy to the t?t«jti»— and,
secondly, by a positive influence on its glandular
structure, occasioning a healthy flow of gastric
juice, I do not doubt. Still, the most decided and
permanent beneflts derived by dyspeptics have
always seemed to me to be the result of/«2Z (xUeror
Hvt imprearioM upon the liver. Certain it is, that
without such an influence upon that organ, ihe
dyepqftio can never be caiifident cf the permaneney ^
hia rdie/. It would be well for sufferers under
this distressing malady to bear this in mind, and
not abandon the use of the water, as many do,
until it hat fully impressed the liver ; nor be
discouraged at its apparent waAt of efficacy, until
it has been used sufficiently long to efl^ this
object. •

In the course of my observations, I have often
alluded to the alterative tgtdUt of sulphur water <m
the liver, as affording a most important indication
of its efficacy. It may be asked, how shall it be
known when this alterative effect has takea'place?
I reply, you are to judge of this mainly by ike
chanMjter of the excretions, and by all the indica^
tions by vrhich you judge of the alteratiye effects
of mercury upon the same organ.

Dyspeptics often grievously err in the use of
the w*ter, by mistaking its primfry ^fects, whi^i

F«?B-

■Bpr

^Tww^s^^r^"'^??

130

WHIXB SDUPSUB SPBINaS.

are generally transitorj, for a permaaent oure;
aoctlieiioe abandon it before its permanent sanative
action ha# been obtained. Such patients not un-
freqnently, after taking the water for a n&i^ or
ten days, find that the acidity of the stomaeh has
been reliered, their appetite increased, and that
they are able to "eat everything before them."
This is all very well, as far as it goes, and if their
attack be recent and slight, this comfortable
rtate of things may continue ; bat it will nMlh
oft«ner turn- out to be merely the alkaline and
stimulant influence of the water upon the coats of
tfa« stomach j imparting this generous tone to the
vlieiw for a season, and which in all probability
if deslxned to lure thraa into an excess of diet and
other imprudenceij, which ifiU, ere long, develop
to them ^ ^t, that 1^ nuntiter was ' 'scotched,
notkaied."

The importance of the subject urges me to
fiepeat, that tKe eenjkmed df^pqdie v$!Dmi too
IbroiMy imprMS upon his mind the cmential
praetical tru(&, thM the a&ererftee influtsiiees of
t^water must be exerted upon his systenijbe&re
he dan have asfturance of permanent gdc4fr«om
iitouie/.

^ As costiveneiss And irregufority of bowdtle are
generally found in dyspepsia, some of the warm
laxatives may ba occairionally mwd ftHr a short
ftuoi)^ii|li£r ocMomi^eiiig the^uin v£ the wntevi s4nd^
*|^|ll«^d«M|lii %Mldom t^^ l>y^i^iiiev

79^

DISBA8BB-— IHBBOnOHB.

131

maaent euro;
laneat aanalive
•tients not un-

for a xtei^ or
10 stomaeh has
ued, and that
before them."
»i, and if their
8 comfortable
t it will BiflMi
I alkaline and
on the eoat» of
ras tone to the
ill probability
era of diet and

long, develop
iras ''scotehed,

I nrgei me to
(le cannot too
th« flAMfitial
I inflntsitees of
•yctem, be&re
mi gd^ fedm

of bowdila are
of the warm
d f<Mr a tKort
» wntiwi aind,
liod bi-^lMroBic

obstructions, or, at least, a torpid secretion of the
liver, it will generally be found advisable to
combine a slight mercurial with the medicine j
intended to act slowly on the bowels, and, for this
parpoflC; pills, composed of aloes, or ex. colooynth
and blue mass, taken in such ^doses as to keep up
a regular peristaltic motion in the bowels, will be
found to answer very wdl. At the same time, ii
will be found advantageous to use some of the
bIHItf vegetable tonics a short time before each
meal. .

The water, as a general rule in dyspepsia,
should be taken in fnod(e>>a<e or small quantities,
and with less or more of its gaseous contents^
agreeably to the excitabilky of the system, and the
amount of excitation vrhich it may be desirable to
produce. TStom'/mo' to eight glmses in the oourse
of the day is ikhe quantity that is generally found
most serviceable in dyi^ptic oases.

Whest^tiie nervous system beanfiHie fresh waiter
with intpunity, I pref<M! that the dyspeptic take it
soon ^httt It has been removed frooa ^ spring.
1/Vith many, however, there is found too ara^
exftttabiUl^: for the, water perlectiy fresh ; saol^
therefore, should use it moroor less stale, as their
systest If ill l^sar it; ,

Q^maMmtiw Nerwm$ l>yiiM^9^ fomof

diseiMe oecasionaUy met with i^t our watering
plaeeS) and is an aflbolian often of diffim^t and

giypp

wBm soirauB SFSiircis.

miewtoiii inftnagem«nt, whatdver Ibe the remedies
en^tloyed. When it is purely fanotional and dta-
Gtmneciedwith organic lesion, the White Sulphur,
adtnittistered in moderate quandties, and in its
least stimidattng form, is a safe, and sometimes
an efficacious remedy. I usually prefer, however,
to oontinne its use, at first, no longer than may
be necessary to bring the bowels and the secretory
action of the lirer under its influence, and then
give the imtient the advantage of the tonic iu-
flnence of the waters of the Svowt^ or Bed Sweety
and their eAcMijM%M baths. Advantage is often
derived by alternating during the season between
the latter springs and the White, or some other
sidphur water.

Fraosm, or Watet'Bfa&kf U anol&er form of
■tdmieh dissMe, in which tiiis uniter is oocaeioually
used, and sometimes with very good effeets.
lil^akMid, it is rarely used in wateiMbpaali^tlthdut
iRlKlfti In thii form of disease, 4he 1«n^ •hoiild
iitevtr be tslceti in large and (fj^uorepeated
Oughts ; from such a ooi»se increased debility
of Mm ilotiuM)hi vrith «ther deleterious oonse-
quendii, wdttid rarely fiktl to fellow.
. When good reasons exist for eupposiug the
stomach to be so&trrotw or oaaoerotM^ the /NKtenif
lAiMdcl ooTQ^y <lA«Mii from the umx^ ikk, or my
ff otir mmmd matot^. fteveral ouum ^v« come
itnde» mf no^oe, in wM^ m«eh i«|ii»y was

be the remedies
otional and dia-
i¥hite Sulphur,
ies, and in its
and sometimes
prefer, however,
nger than may
ad the secretory
lence, and then
it the tonic im-
, or Bed Sweet,
rantage is often
season hetween
\f or some other

noAet form of
ritocoasioiiaUy
f gmd wffisdts.
iMlNrad||Pith(mt
ikdlM^ should

tf^n^ted
creased dehiUty
leterioas ocnse-
r.

fupposing the
ovui^ ilea paHent
exfikhfOrmif
auMB Jntve come
ieh lB|«irf> was

■rsssrr

HfmWWPH

^^^^?

OISBASBS-HDIBBCRnONS.

183

received from their use, some from the Alnm
water, others from, this*

It is scarcely necessary to say to the intelligent
reader, that dyspepsia is rarely cured, whatever
be the remedies used, without a careful attention
to diet. By care in diet, I by no means wish to
be understood, that the patient is to confine
himself to t\i« stereotyped recipe of " black tea and
toast," and other light 8lops-~the tendency of
which is rather to enervate than invigonte the
stomach — ^^or that, in his mind's ey;e, he is ever to
be weighing or measuring the quantity of food he
is to consume at each meal. It hae rarely been
my good fortune to see any one cured of confirmed
dyspepsia, who had been long kept on the misor-
ably attenuated, debilitating slops, so often
recommended for sueh ; and especially onO) who
weighs, if not his appetite, at least his aptitude
to eat by avoirdupois. The &8tidious particulari^,
mmnd^m oftoifi, in such cases, that is often wit-
nessed, serves admirably to impress upon a mind,
disposed) from the nature of the case, to be dis-
tempered, the appalling truth that mDrtal disease
is ever threatening; to ii^uce low spifiia ^d
despondency, find to superadd new horrors to a
disease of iteelf sufficiently horrible.

The diet in dyspepsia should always be appro-
priate to the waq^ and abiUty of ^e Bto||iA<^.
In a m^ority of feases, the dyspeptic will more
reftdilydigeatth9lightorJ«eats than the vegetable

'^^.gS^' ^fT !

134

WHm mUPUVK 0PBUICK.

matter, upon irhioh thej generally feed ; and in
8tioh,oa8e8 there is nothing more proper than light
meats. Fresli eggs, properly prepared, may
always be taken. Ooarse rye bread is often the
best diet of the kind. When wheat bread is used,
it should always bo well lightened and stale.
Bi'ead of corn, popular as a diet in Virginia, is
found to agree admirably with some dyspeptics.
If ilk, as a general rule is not only harmless,
but useful. Vegetables, whether dressed or un-
dressed, in their simple state, or manufactured
into pies, tarts, sweet-meats^ etc., etc., must be
repudiated. The same of soups, gravies, molten
butter, etc. After all, however, there is no one
who can judge of diet ,for the dyspeptic like the
dyspeptic bimself.- Let such carefully examine
themselves, and specially tUe fleets of diffiarent
articles of diet upon their i^atem, and they may,
without mistake, settle down upon those that are
moit benefioial. The true and only secret upon
jjihii subject is, U> eat noihing that disagreef, and
anything that does not.

OKRCnno OASTRO-EflTlSRlTlS, OB IRKtTATTOK OF
TiB liftrC6t% MEMBRAinS OF THE STOMACH Ain>
^WELS.

Ferhf"' 9 the largest class of invalidei that yisit',
our mineral waters are those suffering from
various def«>avlties of the digestive and Mmmila^

' feed ; and in
»per than light
■epared, may
1 is often the
bread ii used,
ad and stale,
n Yirginia, is
ae dyspeptics,
aly harmless,
Iressed or an-
manufactured
etc., must be
rayies, molten
ere is no one
jeptic like the
fully examine
!ts of diffiarent
md they may,
those that are
ly secret upon
disagreeft tmd

aOTATIOK OF
^TOHACHAKD

idei that visit;
ifferiog' from
and asslmila-

»j\gl''iJiL^w-.Xia|I|Jipii!jtt

mmmmm

DI8BA8BS — ^DUIBOTIORS.

136

tire functions, and with deranged condition of
the mucous surfaces, particularly of the stomach
and bowels. Of all people on the globe, the
white population of the IJnited States are most
subject to this class of affections. The abundance
and variety of the food in which they indiscrimi-
nately indulge ; the use of bad liquors and wines,
drugged, as they often are, by the most poisonous
substances, by which a gill of pure spirits is rep-
resented in a quart of the tempting compound ;
together with fast eating, or rather bolting, of
food, peculiar to the '* g<Mirheac^veMM" of
American* progress ; the consumption of gross
and improper food ; ihe chewing and smoking of >
tobacco, not to allude to th? immense use of strong
coffee; — ^to which may be added the incessant
strain of the brain, and a never-ceasing excite-
ment in the eager and uneasy straggle for wealth
or political promotion ; if to these we add the
effect of a wnstantly-acting malarious infiaeacie
in many of the new States tad Territories, and a
variable and irregular climate in other portions
of our country, we will be at little loss to account
for the common oceurrence of the eongestions and
irritations of the digestive mucous sur&ces, whioh
are exhibited under suck a variety of symptoms
as often to conceal their true pathology from the
careless observer, and even, not ttnfreqnentlyi to
assume the name of different diseases, well oaloar
lated to taiidMid as to theit true nature.

186

wmn suiPHtn spbzkos.

•Uiidor the influences which thii congested, irri-^
iate^d, ftnd sometimes inflamed^ condition of the
mncoos memhrane of the stomach and howels gives
risoj the portal circulation is retarded, and the
liver secretes slowljr an* imperfectly; with had
digestion, there must he imperfect chylificetion,
•ad imperfect and unhealthy hlood. The fnno
tions of the kidneys, too, will he hndly performed,
and, according to the diathesis that prevails, the
urine will show an acid or alkaline predominance',
in the form of liihio acid or the phosphates of
lime and magnesia; irregularity of the htfDrels
will prevail, sometimes too loose, sometimes cos-
tive; operations sometimes dayey, oftener fnitcotw;
occasionally, cholic wjU afflict, hut more fre-
quently gtutrio or m^trtol (leuralgia, manifested
by vagrMt and unsettled pains in various parts of
the abdomen and chest, not unfrequently extend-
ing to the windpipe, similating genuine bron-
chitis, and often to the region of the heart,
giving uneasy and alarming palpitations of that
organ.

When these intestinal mucous derangements
ei^st in tiie female, the uterine system is often
denuiged, the pwiods beccnne irregular or sus-
piinded, and the natural secretions deficient;
whihi ItMoorrAom, ot eMorosia, adds n^w causes of
debility and discouragement. The ^rmn, badly
nourished hy thinned <» vitiated blood, iB:lNN>ught>
thfongh its nerve oondnetors» into a reverse iym-

0f&':[»^0

ongcated, irri-^
adition of the
id bowels gives
rd«d, and the
ily, with bad
chylification,
d. The frnic-
iljr performed,
; prevails, the
predominaace',
phosphates of
>f the b<^Wels
ometimes cos-
ftoner «t«ootw;
at more fre-
ia, manifeiSted
irioQs parts of
lently extend-
genuine bron-
>f the heart,
ations of that

derangements
stem is often
gular or sns-
ns deficient ;
B^w causes of
) iffrain, badly!
»d,JB:broaght>
reterse iym-

DUBASBS— DOUMXIOKS.

13t

patby with the diseased surfaces of the stomach
and bowels, and fully acts its morbid part in the
drama of discomforts and complainings, in the
form of distressed forebodings and imaginings,
with manifestations of* such wretchedness and
unsteadiness of purpose as we witness in hypo-
chondriac and hysteria; sometimes by vertigo,
headache, languor, disinclination for buainMS or
society, ringing in the ears, watchfulness, cold
feet, and, generally, by depressed or low spirits,
with irritability and want of equanimity of
temper. '

This peculiar disease of the stomach and bowels
is far more common than it was in by-gone yews.
I am satisfied that the appearance of such cases at
our fashionable watering places has been more
than duplicated within the last ten years. It
occurs more frequently with gentlemen than with
ladies, agreeably to my observation, and more
frequently in youth and middle ag« than in per-
sons advanced in life, but occasionally in all ages,
and in both sexes. In several cases that have
been uuder my dbnsrvation in the last year or
two, I have been able to trace the origiirof the
disease very distinctly to the use of bad wines
and spirits, and to the intemperate use of tobacco.

In the progress of this disease the neuraigie
t^a^^mt often become very prominent, so mn^
so, ibde^, as sometimes to mislead the unwary
,^^i^aii^as they olk«B< do. the patient, into ih»

13*

188

WHin iolphob spungs.

belief that the derangement of the nerves is the
primftry and principal disease.

It is easy for the experienced practitioner to
^n'derstand, but it is difficalt for him to describe,
the maltifariotts and anomalous symptoms, or
sympathies, consequent upon a confirmed irrita-
tion of the mucous coats of the stomach and
bowels, that give rise to gastric or intestinal
neuralgia. The great mobility of the nerves, and
of the nervous centre, the brain, gives rise to
symptoms which, to some extent, actually control
the case and the patient completely, and appear
so prominent as to challenge a principal attention,
.while in fact they are mere «ym|Ni<Atwof amorbid
derangement, which lies entirely back of their
development, Mid ha^ hidden from view by their
distressing prominence. JTo direct an exclusive
nervine treatment for the relief of such rjmptoms,
. to the neglect of the pathological oondition of the
muoous surface upon which they depend, would
be a great mistake; snoh treatmeut, at most,
oould only be jpoKtottve, lad no more effective
than »n attempt to desteoy a tree by merely
^Iqpfping off its branches.

A In sidphur waters, wepossesta valuable remedy
for the treatment of the disease under eonsid-
^•mUon, while in the various neighboring alum-
inous and chalybeate springs, we have agents
w«U adapted to impart tone andf strength to the
nerves, after the system shaU have been prepared,

itswpr-

00.

ouEAmh- DiKKmomi.

189

nervei is the

practitioner to
nim to describe,

symptoms, or
>nfirmed irrita-
e stomach and
c or intestinal
tbe nenres, and
I, gives rise to
actually control
ilj, and appear
loipal attention,
lAtMofamorbid
r back of their
in Tiew by their
ct an exclnsive
such r jmptoms,
tsondition of the

depend, would
DMat, at most,

more effective
>ree hy merely

alnable remedy
Qoder oonsid-
(hhoring alum-
e have ^ents
itreng^ to the
heea prtpifed,

by the use of the sulphur water, for their
employment.

The selection of the time for the interposition
of the strictly tonic waters, in such cases, is a
matter of no little importance to the invalid ; for
when they are used before proper alterative
changes have been effected in the circulation, and
upon the diseased surfaces and tissues, tbey will
always prove ineffiMcious, and sometimes preju*
dicial.

DISEASES OF THE LIVXB.

The liver is the largest gland in the human
body and the first to exhibit development in the
foetal state. It exists in almost everjr variety of
animals, even in those wh<we other organs are
very imperfectly developed. Its great sisci its
early and relative development in the fcetw, and
the complicated chara<^r of its vascular ma-
chinery, all point it out as an organ of immense
importance in the animal economy, and render
the opinion very probable, which has been long
entertained by physiologists, that it performs
other Amotions and offices in the body, besidet the
daity secretion of a smill quantity H>f bile.

The amount of bile secreted by the liver in
tw«nty^fonr hours, in an ordinary healthy con-
dition of ^« body, is said not to exceed six or
•ight onnoes— a relalive amount altogether in-

140

WBITB (VJUPHUK «nUXCW.

adequAte to its vMt lise and raMularity, in
contrast with any other gland of tha body. It
flcrvei aa a central termination of the black blood
Qf the abdomen, aa the luaga do of the blood of
the general ayitem—a peculiarity which distin-
gniihei it. from every other gland of the body,
and renders it probable that, like the lungs, it
exerts a peculiar influence upon the circulating
fl^id.

The Tariety of forms and phases under which
lirer complaints exist, and the sympathies by
which the liver is connected with other organs and
tissues of the body, demand the careful consid-
eration of the medical practitioner in making up
his diagnosis, and must always be duly weighed in
forming hts prognosis as to the results of clinical
effort.

The sympathy between the lirer and stooMch
ii constantly remarked, and is often so intense as
taoanae the practitionw to doubt as to which of
the.organs is the primary seat of disease. Indeed,
the symptoms attending biliary derangementa are
so easily mistaken for, and so generally accom-
panied by, derangements of the other digestiTe
organs, as often to mislead both the patient and
hii medical adviser. Hence il is, that Uver disease
and dyspepsia are so often oobfonnded, and the
intelligent physician unable clearly to determine
wM^ of tiMse organs was the original seat of the
mahidy.

•Mularity, in
tha body. It
lie bl»ok blood
r the blood of
which difltin-
of the body,
the luQgs, it
he oiroaUting

I under which
lympathies by
ler organs and
arefal constd-
in making up
ily weighed in
ilti of clinical

and stomach
(I so intense as
as to which of
NMC. Indeed,
ftngementa are
lerally acciom-
ther digestiTe
tie patient and
UUtct disease
ided, and the
' to determhie
nftlseatof the

DniAgBh-Diiionoira.

141

The sympathy between the liyer and brain has
long been obserred. In functional or structural
derangements of the liver, there are few symptoms
more constantly present th|m rertigo, headache,
or disturbance of the mental faculties. 80 con-
stantly do these disturbances of the mental
faculties exist in liver complaints, that they
present ohe of the leading diagnostic symptoms of
the existence of the disease. It has long been
observed that intense thought, or any strong
emotion of the mind, will derange the biliary
secretions. Fear, grief, and the other depressing
passions, lessen ; while anger, hope, joy, etc.,
increase and sustain a rapid flow of bile.

Diseases of the liver not uncommonly assume
the appearance of jmbnoaio e^eoHoM, and some-
times end in actual disease of the lungs. Doubt-
less this is often owing to the encroachment of
the liver on the lungs, when the former is
morbidly enlarged, thus disturbing the respiratory
functions ; or'an irritation may extend itself iflrom
the former to the latter, and assume all the
symptoms of an originsi idiopathic affection,
' while the original malady lies concealed.

Omuam Bjbpatixib is a very commbn disease in
this country, especially In our warmer latitudes
and miasmatic districts; In its least complicated
form it is charactetiaed pathologically by a ple-
thora or congested state of the vascular system of

;^ii#':fji^ii i i»il4ajp;ifr'

S3&ifi«v

142

WHITB BULPHVB SPBIKaS.

the liver, Hccompanied, of course, lij derangements
of 4he biliary fundtions and of the nervous system
of the organ. Its approaches are generally slow
and insidious, and often the health is entirely
undermined before the sufferer is fully aware of
his danger. For, without any symptoms of
severe indisposition, it will often run on to suppu-
ration, or organic induration of the viscus, before
its existence is suspected.

I once saw a patient, (a young man) whose first
serious concern for his condition was occasioned
by the bursting of an abscess in his liver. He
died a few hours, afteirwards, and a post-mortem
examination revealed the fact that I^is livei^ had
been so cintirely absorbed as to leave only a vei^
small portion investing the gall-bladder.

Ohronic inflammation of tho liver seldom goes
for a great wliile without prodiicing important
miMhief in the organs, occasionally resulting in
abscess or tubercles, but more generally in indn-
tating the stracturd, or enlarging' the volume,
of the visous, constituting what is termed
"eHUu>ged Uver," schirroos liver, etc.

While this chronic inflammation, obstrnotion, '
Ofr impaired function of the liver is going on, they
ocoasidn indigestion, flatulence, a tenderness or
pain in the right hypochondrium, irhich pain is
often extended to the right scapula or top of th^e
shoulder, but oooMionally in the bad;, or on the
left side over the region of the heart. (Johnim)

' ' ,,^;i*kl-.>»i!^ ''

Y derangements
nervous system

generally slow
Jth is entirely

fully aware of

symptoms of

m on to Buppu-

e visctts, before

lan) whose first
was' occasioned
his liver. He
a post-mortem
i I^is Hvef had
ave only a very
ladder.

Br seldom goes
;in^ important
ly resulting in
erally in ittdu-
g the volume,
at is termed
to.

n, obstrnotion, '
going on, they
tenderness or
, iehich pain is
. or top of tb^e
adj:, or on the
trt. (Jdkimn.)

PI8BABES — DIBBOTIONS.

143

To these symptoms are usually added an
unpleasant sense of distension about the stomach,
acidity, inability to lie comfortably on the left
side, with pale or sallow complexion, and a
gradual diminution of the flesh and. strength.

In the beginning of these affections, the bowels
are generally constipated, the feeces being at one
time of a dark and at another of a lighter color
than natural. As the disease advances, it some-
times ends in diarrhoea or dysenteric irritation.

Listlessness, languor, and aversion to enterprise,
are characteristics of the disease. The sufferer
delights to detail the misery of his case, and
contemplates it ordinarily in its most unfavorable
results. Wherever we And derangements of the
hepatic functions, we find low spirits, irritability
of temper, fickleness, timidity and hypochon-
driacism, to a greater or less extent, and this,
irrespective of the high natural or4er or cultiva-^
tion of the mind of the sufferer.

The White Sulphur water acts specifically upon
the secretory organs, and especiiE^lly upon the
liver.

We have already, in another part of this
volume, shown the striking similarity of acti6n
between mercury and sulphur waters upon the
animal economy. In nothing is this more
manifest than in their operations on the l^ver.

The modm operandi of sulphur water upon this
yisous is 4^imilar to that of mercury, and yet the

144

Wl^ffH SPLPBUB SraiKQS.

efi^ts of the two agents are strikingly analogous.
The pofent and oontrolUng inflaendes of the water
over the secretorj functions of the liver, must he
regarded as a speoifio qualitj of the agent, and as
oonstitutiog. &u important therapeutical feature in
the value of the article, for diseases of this organ.
Its inflaeace upon this gland is gradually, hut
aurely, to unload it, when engorged, and to
stimulate it to a healthy exercise of its functions,
when torpid. The control which it may be made
to exercise over the liver, in (k>rrepting and
restoring its energies, is often as astonishing m it
is gratifying^-^establishing a copious flow of
healthy hile, and a consequent activity of the
Itowels — ^impartinp; vigor to the whole digestive
and assittilaiive > fttucttons, and, consequently,
energy and strength to the body "rd life and
elastidity to the spirits,

^iyttoAtionK^as directed, at an earl;) (in the

history of mineral waters, to theit opntrolling
rnflttence over diseases of the liver, and by the
best informed pr^titioners both of Europe and
this country, sulphur waters have always beeit
&voritiB renkeNiuM in theiareataient of that class of

aSiBIOttQBS.

The eeUbniited Dr. Armstrong, alihoiifh of
oool> divorinunatittg, and well baiiin<»d mind,
was stf much devoM to theii* use in chronic
inifiamiiMtlons and oongMtioof of the l^ver, that
some pf his oouteuiporar^, less practiced in their

T'rur''Tr3i. i-jiii' i ^llPinM.:

igly analogous.
068 of the water
liver, must be
e agent, and as
itical feature in
8 of this organ,
gradually, but
;orged, and to
r its Amotions,
it may be made
)0rr9cting[ and
itonishing as it
pious flow of
activity of the
rhoie digestive
conseciuently,
■ "rd life and

i^mi^i^^

145

1:1

(in the

eit oontrolling
er, and by the
of Euro^ and
e always been,
of that class of

S, aUhoofli of
kii^^d mind,
S0 in cttronio
the -l|ver, that
octiced in theif

use, thought him infatuated upon the subject.
He preferred them, most decidedly, as an inde-
pendent remedy, to mercury in all its forms ; but
very properly observes, that in some jsases it will
be found best to combine the operation of the two
agents at the same time. - *

For many years I have kept a aaae 6oofc at the
White Sulphur, and have carefully noted the
influence of the water upon such diseases as have
been submitted to my management. Among the
number are several hundred cases of ctronlo
afieetions of the livet, embracing disease of
dmple eaeeitemetU, chionic inflammation, congestion,
engorgement , Bkud. obstruction of the biliary ductS,
etc., etc. These cases were all treated either with
the White Sulphur water, alone, or aided by some
other apptopriate alterative remedy ; aitid in
looking at the results, I must be permitted to
express a doubt whether a lairger rdatiife amount
of amendmentiB and cures have ever been effeciBd
by the usual resourcMBS of them^ ileal shop. * This
I know is high *tilogy of sulphtw Water in sutsh
diseases. It iai considerately made, and. is laot
hijgher than its knerits justify.

It is proper that those afiected with liver
discMMe, (and they constitute no siUaTl pdf tion of
{be population, in certain districts of our south-
western territory,) should know sbmethiag of
the confidence they may place in these waters for
reliefs .. , -

iwitfiiiiiiiffl

wmn fomom wnaam.

Volnmei might be filled with details of grati-
fying reinlte that hare taken plaoe in the cases of
invalids, from almost erery seotiea of tiie conntfj,
who visited these watefs as a sort of "last
resort " fer liver disease. And hondreds of
delighted witnesses may be tbnndi especially in
the wanner regions of the sonth, who bear a
wilUng and grateful teatimony to Iheir ntility in
aooh cases.

Xiet me not be nnderstood, howeveri as advancing
tbeopinioBf that sttlphar water wiU onre every
case of chronic livw disease. Far from it. I
have already itated.elsewhere, that mineral witers
ilrill sometimes fidl in chronic diseases bf4w-
eMfarsd oeHm o%., .This, it is most probable,
happen! in eases i^he>% the ^ood-veisels have been
Mlmig distended as to have Icet their power of
ntntalng to their natural etate. Besides, it will
happen, titi^ among the nnmbet^ of invalids that
offvwd oor wttt^ttg plac^, seeMilg «»ll9f )&om
tins otmmon aflbetion, many mil bo fawajlk in
wl^ose Uveri orgauie lesidns liave already tidwn
plltoe. In snch, perlbot eorea need not be
eiffMled, oilier by snlphnr waters or aiqr other

.2ft amther part <tf HMs tii^e,* 1^ importanoe
of ^f Itt^ alterative mthartic lis^ines, in
connection with mineral waters, hi^ been 4isi-

• Bm eli^^ m. " Ob thB Vm flT liedldiiM, «ie."

■ ■ ilJlUn ■ ;r i J ' !"'H ' . i l j

iipjii>m

etaiU of grati-
I in the eases of
of tiio conatry,
sort of "l*st
hondreds of
, ospeoklly in
i; who bear a
biour utility in

r^iMadminoiiig
'ill onre OTdry
it from it. 1
mineral vaters
iiseaMS of 4t«-
Doat probat^e,
ifHidtlifti^beaii
tboir power of
lendes« it will
r inralids that
tg ittli^f jl'oin
r 1*9 f^wag In
ab^lid^ tidwn
neod not be
I ^ ai^ ollieir

i&0 iittpolrtanoe
lOed^ines/ in
hais |)e^ '4isi>

ioinai,^'*.

tinotiy stated. In no class of oases is this practice
more important than in diseases of the liver. In
obstinate oases, or those in which the use of
mercurials are inadmissible, the niiro-muriaiia
bath may be resorted to with good ^foot as an
adjuvant to the water.

Jmrndiee is a form of liver disease in which the
White Sulphur water it used with very happj
effects.

This affection is characterijsed by« yellow tt|^'^
of the skin generally, f nd pationlAcly of the Iwli^a
oMifKfiefe'oa; dwp yellow or iKrown c<^r of the
urine, pale or clay-like oolor of tlw stools, sense
of languor and lassitude^ with depression of epirita
and a (disincliuatim $Q enwreuie. <^ senee of
n^ht or uuittsin^ if o|^4folt itbout the jat of
l^e stomach, while tho ll^wels are coetiye and the
urine very highly colore^/ -

the cause of this diseiMie ha« %lwayt been eouf
sidered to be obstrucljotts of some Mnd or oth«r
to tliie free egrm of thei^ bile from ^e ex^retm^
. ducts of the liver. Most commonly , these ol«Btriio-
tionji are occanoned by in«lMfiHite4 I4le eir pMone
cott(»etion'» ^ithin i^ g#li , 4iijiita JhemseNM »
(»C^iona|ty by spasn^odic ^mitrietions of the
^Wy tubes ; and nor/ and then from external
proiBure hy tumors on the l^ver Itself, px some
netf^klKMriing part.

€

^mi^^mg&^^^^^m&^^^^MimM ^m MM ^> !*>

WJ|i.»l!-..

Trrr

•«?s-

wBia nu»iu» mmsmi'

When the olMtniotion arises from inspissated
1»lr or very small ooZctifi, or from spasm of the
gftU dw^ themselves, the disease is oompa? atively
easily relieved ; and such eases ai^e generally cured
by the White Sulphur water with certainty, in a
ftw weeks.

When, however, the obstructing calculi are
large^ and the q[>asm and irritation considerable,
the disease is not only more tedious, but the
measure of relief from fl^e water more uncertain.

Pte use^of mercurial ajperients, especially small
doses of calomel with aloes, or col. and ant., which,
while ^y clear the bowels^ excite the biliary
ducts, are gelen^ly valuable adjuvants iff the
water. Advantage , is also derived, especially in
the declining stage of tke disease, firom the bitter
▼eliietable inftisicais, such as otunomile, gentian, or
q[ttMnia. The iUtn>-muriaiic bath is a remedy of
miioh promise in this disease, and. shonld not be
oirerieokedin obs^mte-oases.

Mr. G., aged forty'five, of rtfbnst fmme and
njktuMly of good oonstitnttonj sought my advice
on the 6th of September, 1856. Be was suffering
from intense jaundice o^ several weeks' <i»>ntinu-
fnee ; his eniire snr&ce was ofdeep orange htte ;
•constant sense of uneasinesA in his right side ;
bo#«ts obstinai^ ; exeretions dry, ai^d whitish in
color ; tongue covered with a yellowish iur, astd
spirits desponding.

Vx. 0. has lived^br 8eT(n'al years in a miasmatic

wmmm

om inspissated
. spasopb of the
i compafatively
generally cured
certaintj, in a

ng calculi are
Q considerable,
lions, but the
Dore uncertain,
tspeciallj small
knd ant., which,
lite the biliary
jnVants itf the
1, especially in
ftom the bitter
lile, gentian, or
is a remedy of
. should not be

lutt fimme and
aght iny iiidvice
to uras suffering
weeks' <i»>ntintt-
!ep orange htie ;
his right side ;
M^d whitish in
iowisl^^r, astd

B ina miasmatic

DIBBA8SS — ^DIRIOnOKS.

149

district, and for two consecutive years has had
intermittent fever. He had been using the water
very/redy for two^eeks before he called at my
office, but without any appreciable benefit ; during
all this time the water had been running off by
the kidneys, but had not affected his bowels,
softened his p' ; , or in any degree alterated his
liver. I ad. wd mercurial medicines, which it
became necessary to repeat for s<)veral consecutive
nights ; had warm cataplasms applied through
the night to the hypochondriac region, first having
the part well rubbed with a stimulating lotidn ;
dilut*4 nitro-muriatic acid was also freely used
subii*9q;uently over the region of the fiver. Caused
him to diKowlinm the i^ater ekHrdy fc» twefOif-
four houra, and then resume it morning and night
in smaller doses than he had been using, 'lind
with longer intervals bdtwoien the glasses j^the
warm sulphut bath wis nsed, but not until the
water, with the mercurials, had begtkn to impWss
the liver. In six days after Mr. G. entered upon
this treatment^ he was decidedly improved, and,
in lesV than three weeks, his amendment lyas .so
great, and the prospect of its continuing so evident,
that he was advised to leave the Springs for his
home.

I giViB this case- not because ther^ iis an^^iiig
peottliar in it, but as a sample of many that oocitr,
and especially to show the beneficial effects of
medidiues in connection with tlm water In such

18*

••ii*yf7^"

-!*

W6 wtam avLPHin §nsam.

caiec, and without whioh* in tho case related, it
is'l)bvioas that the water would have been very
terdy in prodnoing a core, if indeed it had not
entirely failed to do so.

CHBOmO ENLAHGKHBirT OF THE SPLEEN.

Diaorder and enHrgement of the spleen are very
often met with at all our watering placet. For
many years I hare carefully noted the (^ration of
the Whit« Sulphur water in such eases. Unai4«d
by other meansi it has not reaUaed the high hopes
I once had of it. Satisfied of the great advantage
^I might saf •bsolnte necendty in vmhj casesrr
of urging" a treatment m^re active than the water
db»ae^ I now wely rely on it to the ezoJlttBion v^
<^ier ageitta. .

Th« pr^pwn^M of iodinoi used both internally
•i^ eiiternally, are valuable iM^nncts. to the water
ia^these cases. In mm wm, good eieots are
derived from large doses of t^inine; and |<o£ten
find it necessary io «|d |he purgative operation of
Ihe wjiter by tite vm of mild cathMti<Pf '

Oliservi^on of the benefits dtoivedi from the use
Dt the White Suli^ur water in chronioirritoti(«a
of the bowelsy «• coeval with the early liseof the
water;: yet in «« other 4&HMses is there greater

iiiMiP

SSP

Dinusn— i>iMKrEK»i8.

case relatod, it
hav« been very
eed it had not

HE 8FLEEK.

lapleen are very
tg places. For
the (^ratiott of
»$es. ^nai4«d

the high hopes
great advantage
a xpMQj caaet—

than the water
he ezduston of

, both intenially
leta to the water
good e^Bots are
ne; and Jt:'often
ive operirtion of
fftioSf V

redt from the use
ronioirtifettiMia
early ^se of the
it ih«» giei^r

necessity for a careful pathology, and a prudent
and skillful use of the remedy. As a kind Provi-
dence « tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," so
must this agent, potent for good or ill in aticb
oases, be tempered to the morbid irritabilities of
the bowels.

In such affections, attended with frequent and
copious serous dejections, the water^ if admisnble
at all, should be used with care, and in small
portioijs At a time. Where there is extreme sus-
ceptibility of the canal, with tenderness on prat-
sure^ the draughts of water should be very snudl,
not exceeding half a glassi (about one gill,) taken
at sneh intervals as to secure the l^wels against
any excitation from the -remedy. Under this
guarded and alment hom<»opathlo administra-
tion, — and, if necessary, connected with an oeoa-
sional soothing potion, wwm extwnal applications
to the bowels, and the frequent use of a tofld
sulphor bath,^^ often witness very graUfyisg
resolts.

* Somemhat less difficulty is presented in nMfOMM
dUarrhaat Mid ia sa^ mees thoaction of the water,
prudently U8t4, if geaerally ftvorable* We scone-
times find an alMon of the mncoos ooal of &•
bowels, espedaliy in persons from the warm«r
xegions of onr eonntry^ conneotod with fonetional
derangements of tho stcoaaoh and liver; iasmlL
cases, it will nsnally be fennd tiiat» in prq^tion
as Ute tend; of the formeri Mid tiie healthM aecre-

W|ff»iii|ii"» I I

16S

WHin SVUPfilTR BFBIXGS.

tions cf tho latter, are restored, the morbid oon>
ditlon of the bowels ceases. In no class of cases,
however, if we except diseases of the lungs, is
more prudence demanded in the administration of
the water than in irritated conditions of the
bowels. When judiciously and cautiously pro-
scribed, the agent is not only a safe, but *
valuable remedy, in diseases of this class ; but
when used, as it sdmetimes most imprudently U,
in cases attended with excessive irritation or
ulceration of the coats of the bowels, most pr^u-
dioial consequences, may result.

In connection with the water, in this class of
diseases, I often, and with excellent effect, use
warm emollient 6ata(»lasms, with the internal
administration of some mild alterative and sooth-
ing medicind.

To warm raljpAur bathg, in such cases, much
oonAdenoe la due. To bo safely and suocessthlly
employed, the bath should be carefully adapted,'
both as to time and temperature, to the demands of
thecoiBe.

lir. J., of Virginia, aged sev^niy'-six, naturally
of good constitution, arrived at the Springs in
Avigust, 1856 ; he had been sufibring with chrmio
dUfKttf^koea of xttuco-serotts character for two years,
attended with an almost entire absen<ie of bile in
the oxoreti<»is. The disease had reduced hink
considerably both in flesh and strength ; his
operctidns, which were large and freguent, were

m^iua»-^aacfn<aa.

158

e morbid oon«
class of cases,

the lungs, is .
oiinistration of
litions of tho
sautiouslj pro-
i safe, but a
Ills class ; but
mprudentlj i^,

irritation or
Is, most pr^u-

n this class of

cnt effect, use

the internal

tite and sooth*

I cases, much
id successfully
>fully adapted,'
ihe demands of

'•six, naturally
he Springs in
ig with chronic
foir two years,
snuie ef bile in
reduced hini
strength ; his
freguent, were

so prostrating as often to oblige him to use diffu-
sible stimulants to maintain his strength.

On reaching the Springs, Mr. J. commenced the
use of the water in ihe dose of half a glass at a
draught, and used it, at first, only before break-
fast and after tea. For the first two or three days
he used but one pint in the twenty-four hours,
which was gradually increased to two, and finally
to three pints in the course of the day. An ob-
vious amendment was perceived after the sixth
day, and in three weeks Mr. J. was permitted to
leave the Springs, apparently, and, as observation
has since verified, permanently cured. .

The sulphur bath was used in this case, with
some local applications to the bowels at night, and
now and then a soothing pill or potion given,
mainly with the view to have the water well
retained in the system. The treatment, except by
the sulphur water and baths; conld not to any
considerable degree account for his recovery.

I have given this case because it is a recent one,
and remi^rkable on account of the age of the
patient, the long continuance of the disease, and
the rapidity of the cure. Cases not dissimilar,
except in the age of the patient, have been flre-
quent in my practice at the springs for the last
twenty years.

The following case is published with the^view
of presenting the effects of the water in diarrhcea
connected with tubaetOa w/Ummaiion of the ooikti
of the stomach and bowels.

ppgpipss

wnni mnnnt tnann.

Mr. Q., of North Cftrolina, conralted m« in
Avgiut, 1866 ; hit diMMe was lubAoate inflam-
mation of tlie stomaoh and bowoli, attended with
fluent dehiUtating operations. The caae wae
ci MTeral months' oontinnaaoe, and had super-
ipened vpoA an imperfectly onred dysentorj r his
tongue was thin, hard, and glased ; palse feeble,
hat qaiok, and Tarying from 100 to 120 at different
periods of the day; the ibusoles oovering his
howels were tense and firm, and there was soine
tenderness on pressure oror the whole sorfaoe of
the abdomen. He was ooni^derably reduced in
flesh; his, appetite precarious and bad, and his
spirite worse.

Mr. O. had bee« using ^he water, and in quite
too large doses, for seTcral days before he called
upOTi me, which had, to some extent, aggrarated
att ^ qrmi'toDiB. Under ite use hrj had become
ftvwririt, his appetite diminished, his strength
decroMcdv and his bowels more irritoble. I
caused him to disconUtwe <ite water for several
days ; had warm poidtioes applied to his bowels ;
ilimiimstered mo^hia, ipecaeuanhaj and mild
mercurials. In thrie days the febrile tendency
had so abated as tolnduee me to try the water in
ite etaU /army and in doses of half a glals, re-
peated at intervals of one hour. It acted m<»t
kindly an4 soothittgly, and his amendment
speedily became obviom ; indeed, he experienced
great relief from all his worst symptoms ; his

<mm

DIIIA80— Dmnmoira.

165

nraltod m« in
ibaoate inflam-
, ftttended with

The <MU6 WM
md hftd luper-
dyiesterjr; his
i ; palse feeble,

120 afc different
m covering hii
there was eoine
vhole sarfaoe of
ihlj reduced in
d bad, and hii

n, and in quite
before he called
tent, aggravated
I hfj had become
d, his strength
w irritable. I
«rfer for seTeral
I to his bowels ;
»nha, and mild
febrile tendency
try the water in
half a glals, re-
. It acted mot
his amendnient
, he esq^rienced
•ymptoma ; his

bowels, howerer, still continued to be too often
moTod, which I judged to be rather the effect
of debility of the alimentary canal than of any
irritating eaxMe. Under this state ef things, be-
lieving the irritation and congestion of the vessels
sufficiently subdued to enable him to take tonic
waters to advantage, I ordered him to the Bock-
bridge Alum, and have since Icftrned that he
became entirely wc U before returning home.

OOBTIYENEUS.

In eostiveness, dey'3ndent v^ion defi^'Snt t^ de-
praved biliary secretions, greal oonfii ^oe may be
placed in the persevering ufo of i' xvuter, espe- •
cially if It be aided by the '^noavioaal admin> 'ra-
tion of smaU mercurials co'a;^)^:. od with tarex.;,am
and rhubarb.

When great poverty or deficiency of bile existe,
the inafiinakd pat goU is found to be usef^. II
may be taken in pUls, in quantities (tf ten or
^jfteon grains daily, with a little toraxicum and
rhubarb.

In cofUveness firom general inerHa of the alimen-
tary oaaid, there is less cause to be pleased with
the effioenoy of the White Sulpliur water. SMh
cases are oommonly Ibnnd oMuieoled intii greet
languor of th«* body and general nervoue irritftc
bility. The r i- >f the mn^^mr ha^, of a tem«
peralore from 96'' to 106° ahould be esB^loyed in

.i ! W!i«ii:Mi i ii i >!itiB.iiii»ii^

166

WHITK SnifHTTB SPBXKOS.

Bttoh cases, in connection with the water, which
should he drunk as freely as the stomach will
hear it/ morning, noon and nighty nnldss it run
off \Kf the kidneys ; in which Case it ought to he
entirely suspended for a day, and an active cath-
artic taken hefore its use is resumed.

FILBS.

The use of mild laxatives in hemorrhoids has
heen so long a fi3.yorite practice, that nothing
needs he said here in its favor. The heneficial
effects of this water in piles are, douhtless, in
some degree, owing to its mild purgative opera-
^i^ons ; hut, to a stilt greater extent, to its altera-
i^ve action. In most' cases of this disorder, the
liver is more or less implicated, and the relief of
that viscus hrings relief to the hemorrhoidal
vessels. I will only add, that hoth in the common
Kud JtiHnd pika the water is advantageously used,
hut more especially in the latter.

, -■■ ■ ■ . * ' ■ ♦

DISEASES OF THE UBINABT OBGAK8.

Iito^pimU CaicuXmui affections are occaiionttUy
stthoiitted to the use of this water, and, for such
cases, it hnuB long maintained a repntattoh. C^s
are said to have occurred, though ponei such have
come under my ohtervation, in which it displayed
UthtmirtpUc qrnlitiea.

wmmp:;':.

le water, which
e stomach will
t, unldBS it run
it ought to be
an active cath-
ed.

lemorrhoids has
e, that nothing
The beneficial
re, doubtless, in
purgative opera-
nt, to its altera-
lis disorder, the
ind the relief of
le hemorrhoidal
th in the oofimuM
ntagebusly ttsed,

T ORGAKB.

are oocaiionally
er* and, for such
apbtatioh. C^s
1 pone such hate
rhicli it displayed

DIBBA8IS — ^DIBBCnONS.

161

The odUiaiive effects of the water in calculous
atfeotions are often experienced to the great com-
fort of the sufferer ; hut it is only, I believe, in
the earlier stages of such affections that it can he
regarded as better than a palliative.

Incipient ooieuUmt affection is relieved by the
water pretty much in pi'opolrtion as it corrects the
digestive and assimilative Amotions, improves the
blood, and brings the general economy into a
natural type ; preparing the kidneys to resist
foreign encroachments upon- their functions, and
to elaborate, from heUtlthy blood,, proper and
healthy secretions.

Although I do not claim for the water tdvent
povrers, it may^ nevertheless, exert both upon
tcmA and vericdl oaleuUf some directly modiQ^ng
influences, by correcting the LUhic IHaAeaia, and,
by an increased flow of urine, hurrying through
the kidneys and bladder, the KtheOes and jpAd9-
jpAofof, which are uiBually the nucleus of calouU.
I know, indeed, that persons while using the
water often void oonaideraiie quaittitiea of'smaHBL
eolciiK, with very liHle pain or inconvenience,

(JkronAb I^koKimaiAon of the Kidney, as well as
similar affections of the Bladder and tfrethrttf are
often successfiiUy treated by this water. I deem
it a duty to allude to a very common error in the
mimner of using the water in these affections. I
Iitt«« reference to the practice of driiiking it in

I MBBMIirMMMWiiltif i iillM'Mliiitiili

> .^t l fc) ! i i «i. ' -i-.a'w

ttmi)tta»fit *(iiw inSKmtrvMa

\-li\ fjapii

1158

wmfB 8UUPBUB sralKCMi.

large quantities, with the view of estahliahing
co|>toiu dischargee from the kidneys. By an ith-
pradence of this kind, the cure of the case is not
only prerented, hut lasting injury inflicted in a
superadded dehility of the organs.

In these oases, the water should he so used as to
keep up a gentle diuretic action for several weeks,
curefuUy guarding against excwsaiVe discharges of
this kind.

In cases of cimmio irritabiUiy or cMrucHona of
the hidbMiftf the medicinal ageney of the water
lies in its citeraUve and deoNtrtfeft^ effeeto, and the
patient that fails to ohtain these, Mis to ohtaiu
pemuftnent relief from its use. Hence, by those
thus aflGUoted, it should be so taken as most effect
tnally to secure these' <^jects.

"A mere dmuMttg of the kidneys, or, as risitors
sometimes ttKpress k, a "thorough washing ont'-
<^ these organs, by constant and copious diuresis,
is worse than nothing ; never permanently useful
■^Htften pri^ndidal.

X have rttnon to know that many persons
aifeeted with disease of the kidney, hastily leave
the springs in des^ of reli«f, because their
ln^iodt^oas manuffir of using the mtter mak«i it
^Mst toe lire^y 1^ forelbly <m that orgas^. As a
genCMd thing, such perscms are moore in fault than
the wi«er ', for while such free action is injnrioite
irsn^ eases, it is perfectly in the power of a
jKKiidons use of it, ox hy_ the initerposltioa of mild

iiiiiiijjiii^rnS"liPiil}ti| i i l

DmBASBk—DIlUMXIOira.

159

f establishing

^8. By an iA-

;he case is not

inflicted in a

« so used as to
several weeks,
e disobargoB of

ct)t>tructicna of
of the water
Bffeeto, and the
Mis toobtaiti
[enoe, by those
, as most effect

, or, as risitors
washing oat"
pious diuresis,
lanently useful

many persons
', hastily Imto

beeause their
rater makM it

organ. As a
rein&ultthaa
on is injnriotte
he.power <rfa
ositioa<»fittild

adjuvants, t}^i have been frequently alluded to
in this volume, to prevent this hurtful, state of
things ; to give such patients the full benefit of
its valuable alterative and deobstruent powers,
and this, without any over-excitation, or exhaus-
tion of the kidneys. The great importance of
this fact to many sufferers, and the strange
disregard that is paid to it by many, justify me in
distinctly calling attention to it under this head,
la cases of irritation of the bladder or kidneys,
and «speoially in chronic oaiarrh of the bladd«»-,
I never advise the waters except ia connedaon
with appropriate mucilages and occasional aim-
dynes to prevent their over stimulating effects
upon these organs. Unaided by these, cures are
sometimes ^ected, but by no means with the
same certainty- and in so short a period of time.

DIABETES.

The nature of Diabetes is so imperfectly under-
Btoodrthat medical men do not agree as to the
par#«f the body in whidi it is primarily sitiwted.
S^nesu^ose that the kidaeys are the origilMl
seat of tho^sease; ethets, that it depends oa
%he state of the stomach; while it has be^
^pnted by others to a diseased state of ihe blood.
ItftezeitiBg causes aare nmaefous— such as ov«*-
exereise of the miad or body, use of spiritaoui
liquors, exoesiive or impt^r iadulgenoes, the

MiliiiiliaDii^^

«W!!*l^

rili

iiiiiii

S£

?S?**Wf

leQ

VBm BUUPUUK' SFBnrOB.

depntnng paanoni, etc. It ii cmamonly con-
QMked with ft depraved and shatterecToongtitntion,
and it is c^n difficult, whisn pbynoianB are
consulted, to say whether it he the cause, or the
consequence, of the constitutional deprivation.

It is often attended with indigestion, general
Ability, ocmstipaticm of the bowels, thirs^
dryness of the skin, and irregular, capricious,
and sometimes voracious appetite. Its pathog-
nomic symptom is a great increase in the flow of
urine, which is generally of a pale straw oolor,
sometimes insipid, but oftener of a sweetish taste,
wad faint smell, resembling that of vi<dets, and
coptaining a considerable quantity of sugar^

Oases of Diabetes h^ve not been very numerous
atthe" White," but they leave occaliionally come
under my observation. One of great interest fell
under my notice some years since, in the person
of Mr. S., a very intelligent gentleman from the
Slate of Georgia. He was greatly emaciated,
fi:(«i the ejects of the disease, but titet using the
Wftter for some ten days, he commenced improving,
and xv^ned his flesh at the rate of a pound § day
ht a number of days. Another ease was so far
rdievod last summer as to give me confidence in
its ultimate cure.

la Dinbetes, the water should be administered
in imaU and oft-repeated doses. The diet shoqld
be tii« most nourishing kinds of animal food, an^
in quantities suited to the strength of the

ranmonly oon*
^constitntioD,
ibynoians are
caiiM, or the
deprivatioii.

Mtion, general
lowelv, tMrst^
ar, caprioioiu,
Its paihog-
in the flow of
•trair color,
iweetieh taste,
>f violets, and
oi sugar,
rerj aninerons
Mionally come
at interest fell
in the person
man from the
I7 emanated,
ifter using the
Bed improTing,
aponadf day
uw vas so iu
confidence in

I administered
le diet shoqH
imal food, and
mgth of the

l>I8IASBS--^l>IRB0n0ira.

Ill

digestive powers. The tincture of iron is nseftal
in connection with the waters, and the hot sulphny
hath is a valoahle adjunct in such cases.

FKMALB DISEASES.

For the various forms of chronic female disease,
such as AuBNOBBBOiA, or wppreaaed menrirwOiKm;
DinBQfBNORBa<BA, or '4^fiGdt and paii^fd menatma-
tuMf OMorotia, and Leucorrhoea, the water of the
White Sulphur has.heen much employed. When
the cases have heen properly discriminated, and
were free from the combinations and states of thet
system that contra^-indicate the use of the remedy y
it has often exerted marked good effect.

While these waters do not display the powers of
an active emmenagogif, that they exert an
influence upon the uterine system, independent of
their general stimulant powers, is manifest from
their tendency (when used during the periods) of
increasihg the periodical flow of females ; — from
the fact that they increacie menorrkagio afl^tions,
and j from the unpleasant effects tWy occasionally
produce in the early stages of pregnancy.

To say nothing of the value of the alterative
influence of the water, as specially exerted upon
the organs which ax>e the immediate seat of the
diseases nnddr consideration, its general changing
^ecfo upon the entire organism of the syistem,
resulting in unlocking and liberating the various
14» • .

»ti» > ' t ' »' ' i iJ!l #iil li iMi!lfl l i^ 111 <i> "

1«S

warn wouwn, esvoQB.

■6er«(l<»ui, and, oonsequently, in restoring tht
|^ands» oapiUariet, and blood-yeiMls to a natnral
and healthy condition, is a great point gained in
female diseases, -Midtgenerallj the ooneomita^t,
or immediate wreoorsor, of a eomplete cure.

But the mere names, and aetnal existence of
iSiese several diseases, are not sufficient to decide
as to the propriety of using sidphnr waters in such
.eases. We must carefully note the peculiar tem-
perament of the Ifomale, and her constitutional
habitudes, het exemption from a phtogosed state
of the sysMlm, from inflammation in thci ftmale
orgaiBS, or elsewhere, and especially as to her
freedom from tubercles of the lungs, or sdrrhosity
of thet^rus.

In the early stipes ;of pregnancy, the sulphur
waters, if used at all, should be used with caution ;
attain case of predisposition to abortion in early
geMi^n, it is safest to avoid them altogether.

It is mcMt. prudent for delicate females who i^e
luini; the wators, and who are j^redispoi^ to toe
abundant, or too long-continued menstruation, to
d^^pli^nue them for a few days during such
periodc.

While under the inflneiM)^ of sulphur waters
finr the cure of these diseases,, ladies will often
deilte the most material advantage from the tiiM
of the warm and hot sulphur baths.

A few years ago, a Ohafifbea^ Spring -mtk
disoovexed and brought into use, withiii a few

restoring the
8 to a natural

nnt gained in
oonwmita^t,

»te cue.

1 existence of

ient to decide
waters in sach
peculiar tern-
constitutional

hlogosed state
in th«i ftmale

illy as to her

I, or sdrrhosity

the sulphur
. with caution ;
>rtion in early-
altogether,
males who are
lispoied to toe
enttmatiou, to
I during such

ulphur waters

lies will often

from the use

la Spring wak
n a few

piHiAiwi— -pnaoiiioiw.

16S

hundred yards of the White Sulphur fountain.
Since that time, I have been in the habit of
prescribing small quantities of this chalybeate, to
be used in connection with the sulphur water, in
certain female diseases, and have had occasion to
be gratified with the practice.

OHROmO AFFBOnOItB OF THE BBAIK.

Some interesting cases of chronioi inflammation
and congestion of portions of the cerebral mass
have been met with at the White Sulphur.

tt is only since the disootery of the successM
use that may be made of the water, after being
deprired of its stimulating gas, that it has been
prescribed advantageously .in affections of the
brain. I hate never, indeed, seen a case of
inflammation of this organ, in which the fresit
water could be borne. When it is carefully
deprived of its gas, however, either by heating or
by being hept/or a m^fficient length <^ time in an open
veaedf it agrees well with such affections, and X
have, in many instances, prescribeid it with happy
results.

NERVOtrS DIlEEBASes.

The great inorMMe of nervous diseases, within
the last decade, must have attracted the attentitfa
of every observant individual.

itettralgia, iA one form or another, ha» beeome

^ -■i...- ...i,.:^ , . „--,..,-.^»./.it,iia, ■■V-']Y | ''1|T i ^ | - | ' || nT|V'V-o ii |gnJ || | | |i ||| || | -|^^^ ^ ^^^

mum

wBtn iDWHirs ffuyoB.

the prermliog disease of the whole oomitry. It
hM been but » few years since it was only known
ai^iig ns iut a toothache from a denuded nerve,
or in the form of the erratic but twinging Tio
demUureuoB. Now it is not only the common, bnt
the /oiMonaiHef disease of the conntry. Once it
was the peculiar privilege of the wealthy and the
luxurious to boast of their neuralgia, as the
jparvenu does of his gout ; but now, the poorest,
most unpretending subject can have his full share
of this aristooratio affection. Formerly, a vulgar
rheumatism took possession of the extremities,
while a still more vulgar dyspepsia claimed the
dominion of the stomach. But, how changed I
Ketiralgia now takes the limbs, and gastralgia the
prima via. Formerly, a fiuhionable lady, to
induce a reluctant husband or &ther to mdce It
pilgrimage to a fashionable watering place, was
Iriven to a vulgar dyspepsia to effect the object ;
pow, a " {t^fe ntfKralgfia," which may be located
just at her pleasure,' will answer every purpose.

But, soberly, we are, and have been for twenty
years,, living under the reign of a nervous
Maihua, which literally obliges every species of
disease, acute and chronic, to wear its livery.
<!rhe revolution that it has effected in the type and
Hhe treatmtint of disease is wonderful. To a large
extend, even our fevers obey its beheiits, and henee
inflcmmaUiry and hUiom have almost given way m
our nomenclature to nervous and typhdid.

le ooantty. It
rasonly known
denuded nerve,
i twinging IHe
le common, but
antry. Once it
irealthy and the
aralgia, as the
w, the poorest,
re hii fall share
merly, a vulgar
he extremities,
sia claimed the

how changed I
d gastralgia the
nable lady, to
bher to miake ft
ring place, was
Sect the object ;
may be located
rery purpose,
been for twenty

of a nervotu
ivery species of
rear its livery,
in the type and
All. To a large
k&ka, and hence^
«t given way lit
typhdid.

DxnAOB— oiBBcnciom.

165

In every acute disease, we are admonished that
there is a prevailing constitution that inhibits the
lancet and other rapid depletory practice, that so
distinguished our country within the present
generation.

The most apathetic are now obliged f o yield to
the reign of the nerves, and look around for a
placebo that was formerly allotted to the most
effiminate alone.

The various nervous affections, such as neu-
ralgia, hypochondria, hysterics, chorea, etc., etc.,
are not unfrequently met with at the Springs ;
sometimes as primary or independent diseases,
%ut more frequently in connection with derange-
ments of the digestive organs. The direct
influence of the water in restoring the tone and
energy of the general system, by removing
obstructions and correcting the functional de-
rangements of the organs, obviously p(Hnts to it
as a remedy in the latter cUm of cases. The
invigorating effects of the salubrious And charming
climate in which the Spring is situated, and, I
might add, the advantage of the exercise neces^
sMry toreadi it, «r« e£&cient auxiliaries in such,
.cases.

In nervous diseases, especially under exalted
nervous ekdtement, the water should almost
ia#riably be used in small quantities at flrst,
and in U» l&tri stimulating form; that is, after it
has been deprived of its gas b/ ^ndjing at l^east

iMWIiB l tW i i i tflirii' i'l. 1 . 1 jf" ' I i iiiii'twfc.wli i g i i ii iin'i.iiw i :

tit

wHm fluiviuK iPBnrog.

tweWe hffun in an open TSMel. In mwny cMea it
irindispenmble tbat it ihonld be ra£fored to stand
even for twenty-four hours, or be gently heated,
that its gas may be entirely thrown o£f before it
is used.

It was in nervoua oatet, many years ago, that I
was led to appreciate the fkdvantage of admin-
istering the water in its unstimulating form ; a
practioe that has e£Fected a triumph orer the
former method of using it fresh from the spring,
as complete as it has been beneficial to thousands
of nervous individuals. After thus using it a few
days, the patient will probably bear it fresh froii^
the spring, and when such a tolerance is estab-
lished, there is no olyeotion to its being thus taken.

PABALTSIB.

In most, oases. Palsy is the sequel of an attack
of apoplexy, which has come on suddenly and
uttezpeotedly. In other cases, however, it is
brought on slowly and from causes that do not
directly impliiute the brain, affecting certain
muscles only, leaving others of the iuue parts
untouched.

Paralysis may be complete or incomplete '^ ^at
is, the muscles affected may be totally or par-
tially powerless. There are many other causes
besides apoplexy, that produce paralysis ; such as
tumors, injuries caused by violence, cold, the

0]BiAaB-4>iucniaini.

167

[n mwxy cue* it
•n£fored to stand
B gently heated,
mn off before it

rears ago, that I
itage of admin-
nlating form ; a
iomph oyer the
from the spring,
Dial to thousands
as using it a few
ear it frosh firoii^
Leraooe is estab-
Ming thus taken.

[nel of an attack
»n snddenlj and

howeyer, it is
ises that do not
affecting certain

the iuae parts

ncomplete ^ that
B totfilly or par-
%nj other causes
sralysts ; such as
lenoo, cold, the

action of poisons, excessive or improper indul'
genoes, derangement of the digestire functions, eto.

When palsy occurs without being preceded bf
apoplexjr, its approaches are generally gradual Mid
connected with some appreciated derangement of
the health.

A gentleman was under my care last summer
with a decided paralysis of the entire right side,
resulting from derangement of the ohylopoietio
visoer*, in whom the disease came on so gradually,
that ho was unable with distinctness to designate
the time of its first appearance. Another in-
dividual, an elderly gentleman, was under my
direotimi the same season, with a paralysis that
had been induced by injudioions persererance in
cold shower bathiug. Although this was an
unequirocal case of hemipltgiat barely enabling
the patient to drag his leadm4tke limbs along,
it was preceded by no apopleotio shock, the
gentleman being quite conscious of the occasion
and progresA of the attack. Thwe are other casef
in which the loss of power over the muscles takM
place instantaneously, although not preceded by
a distinct apoplexy.

The number of paralytics that resort to the
White Sulphur is large, and their success from
the use of the waters has been various. . Caam
resulting from dyspeptic depravities are ofteq^
cured than tboEo from any other caxwe ; but iii
almost every case some amendment of the generi^i

j g| j p'||j||ii| i|il fit ii i i <r i iiii ilii « i l i

lii| r < ltfw w l il»ii> M '

^wl

iim ftnupBim avaiwi.

hMlth takM pkoe, notwithttandiog th« paralysis
maj not be remoTed. Warm or hot salphar baths
are useful in connection with the water, in most

OBROinO DISEASES OF THE OHEST-OB BREAST
COMn^AINTS.

The public generally, and no portion more than
valetudinarians themselres, are prone to be ex-
ceedingly loose, nndeftned and inaccurate in
drawing distinotioaa between the different and
dissimilar diseases that occasionally affect the
nme organs of the body. This is especially the
case when suoh dii^sases have one common generic
name ; as, for instance, t^e name of ." Breast
Oon^plaiiUf" which, by a comprehensiye and
sweeping application, is made to embrace, not
only l\ibermdar OoMumptiont a disease of scrofu-
lous origin, and generally, if not uniformly,
incurable, but also a large number of other
affections of the "breast," whose nature and
termination are altogether dissimilar, and none
of which, from their peculiar pathology, ought
to be regarded as necessarily incnrsble.

The same want of discrimination that confounds
diseases affecting the same organ and of the same
generic name, is prone, as might be expected, ito
confound the practice appropriate for their cure.
l%is is constantly foimd to be the case in reference

Dg th« paralysis
ot salphar baths
B water, in most

IST-OB BREAST

»rtion more than
prone to be ex-

inaconrato in
e diflPerent and
lally affeot the
is espedally the
oommon generic
me o( .**Brtaat
preliensiTe and
k> embrace, not
iiseaie of aorofn-
not uniformly,
imber of other
oee nature and
nilar, and none
atbology, ought
rable.

a that confounds
and of the same

be expected, ito
e for their cure,
case in referenoe

Donuni— BnuKnovB.

169

m»

to the use of the White Sulphur water in brea§t
complainU.

FuLMONAaT GoNsUMPnoN (PhthUit Pvimonalut)
has, to an alarming extent, become a disease of
our country, and especially in the more Northern
and Northwestern portions of it; yet notwith-
standing its frequency, it is unquestionably true,
that many diseases^ accompanied by waiting of
the body, hectic fever, cough and mucous expec-
toration, are often classed with it, both by flniends
and medical attendants, where no scrofulous taint
lurked in the constitution.

It is often embarrassing, even to the most
experienced physician, to decide with clearness
whether the lungs are the primary seat of disease,
or whether they are merely the seat of a sympar
thetic irritation originating in some other organ.
Nor can the practitioner always, with more thl|n
problematical conjectnre,'decide as to the existence
or condition of tuberculous formationid. But
whatever may be the medical of^nion as to the
precise pathology of the disease, if the heotio. flush
be upon the cheekp, the vermilion upon the lips,
the burning heat in the palms of the hands and
soles of the feet, with evening fever or cold
colliquative sweats, connected with hollow, pale,
languid countenance, sharpened features, purulent
expectoration and progressive emaciation, consti-
tuting the ever-present symptoms of PhMna

'-i

ibmm

HPHlHin

, N 111^ l_jj J^

f.-^'y.*ri^->ii''.i''';>'^*W*-''^' =

170

WHITB SDXiPHUB SPBHHOS.

PvZmona7», the use of the water ought to be
withheld.

The symptoms just enumerated Are those that
distinguish tubercular consumption in its ultimate
or matured stage, and in which the use of the
water would prove injurious ; but in no stage of
formed, or forming tubercles of the lungs, should
it be relied upon as a remedy.

But it by no means follows, either from sound
reasoning in the premises, or from observation
and experiettce, that the want of adaptation: in the
waters to tvhercidar oonaumpHon proves their want
of adaptation to other forms of breast complaints.
On the contrary, we know that the very best
effects have often b^en derived from their use in
various cases that seriously implicated the lungs.

Oaution, however, should be exercised in sub-
mitting breast ejections to the use of the White
Sulphur water ; and where doubts exist as to the
nature of the case, a careful exploration of the
chest should be made, and the best professional
opinion elicited as to its true pathology. If
tut>ercles in a mature or immature state are found
in the lungs, prudence dictates the avoidance of
the water ; but if there be no tubercles, and no
febrile excitement, it may be employed without
fear, although there may be coug..;mjucous expect
toration and other symptoms evidencing a morbid
determination to the lungs.

I might, give numerous cases illustrating the

r ought to be

Are those that
in its ultimate
the use of the
in no stage of
lungs, should

ler from sound
m observation
iptatipn in the
ves their want
st complaints,
the very best
n their use in
ited the lungs,
ircised in sub-
of the White
exist as to the
oration of the
st professional
athology. If
itate are found
e aroidanoe of
eroles, and no
jloyed without
mjacouB expec-
icing a morbid

ioftrating the

DI8BASSS— DnmmoNS.

171

safety and success of the water in several forms of
"breast complaints," unconnected with a scrofu-
lous diathesis or tubercles, but I will give one
only, and that because it is of very recent oocur,-
rence, and happened in the person of an intelli-
gent young physician of my acquaintance.

Dr. H., of C, had been sufiPering for more than
two years with an affection of the lungs, iduring
which time he has had several hemorrhages, with
two distinct attacks of apoplexy of the lungs;
requiring, in each instance, active treatment for
his relief. One of these apoplectic attacks, at-
tended with hemorihage, had occurred two weeks
before I saw him. On his arrival at the springs,
his pulse was one hundred and fifteen beats a
minute, sense of fullness about the chest, with
restlessness and general nervous excitability. I
discouraged him from the use of the waters, under
the apprehension of an increased excitement from
their use, both in the vascular and nervous
system, and advised him to visit thei Bed Sulphur,
as offering a safer remedy. He disliked ic make
the journey, and determined to remain a few days
at the White without using the water, and then
returu^home. Under this state of things, and as
he was a physician and could watch his own case
intelligently, I advised him to make a careful
trial of the water in its ungaseoua form ; enjoining
it upon him to discontinue its ui^a if he found it
to increase his pDlse, at)d to persevere if the force

waii'x"'

mmu«t r mXj j| i ;;w ( Mtll lii iiWl»" l lfl li i»>i «>WIWIIilBWWI

WBJSa SDUnSVB SPBUfOS.

or frequencj of the pulse was reduced. The
experiment was most fortunate; his pulse was
reduced 'day hj day, until it came down to its
natural standard ; the sense of fullness in the
chest disappeared, the nervoiis excitement waflr
assuagedi and, in every respect, the Amendment
waa clear and unequivocal ; not evanescent, hut
progressive and permanent.

It is proper to state that Dr. H. made several
attempts to take the water fresh from the spring,
hut alwaya found it too stimulating, and was
forced to return to the ungfirseous water.

It would he impossihle, without going into a
very tedious dissertation on the nature and causes
of the various diseases of the chest, (which would
he foreign to the ohjects of this work,) to set
forth, with such clearness as would he useM to
the invalid, the various forms and modifications
6f Sreosi Oomjpiainta, foe the cure of which the
White Sulphur water may he safely a<kd profitahly
employed. I shall allude here to hut one of these
forms, and to that, mainly hecanse it is of very
ebmmon occurrence and not unfrequently mistaken
for genuine consumption,

I shall call this form of disease Synvpathedlc
.ConamnptwKt hecanse «his name more clearly con-
veys a correct idea of its character than any other
I can give it. •

Sympathetic OoruumpHon, although not peculiar
to laatoh^ occurs most frequently in persons of some

reduced. The
his pulse was
le down to its *
ttUness in the
xcitement was
he amendment
vanescent, hut

[. made several
em the spring,
ting, and was
rater.

t going into a
bure and causes
;, (which woUld
work,) to set
Id he usefiil to
1 modifications
e of which the
r ai^d profitably
butone of these
le it is of very
lently mistaken

xse Synthetic
ore elearly con-
than any other

■ * ■

gh not peculiar
perioniofsome

D£3BA8ES^IUftflCIION6.

It3

constitutional disposition to phthisical complaints.
It is the result of morbid sympathies extended
from some other parts of the body, and m*re com-
monly from a diseased stomach or liver. The
great par vagum nerve, common to both the
stomach and lungs, affords a ready medium of
sympathy between those two important organs.
In protracted cases of dyspepsia, the stomach
often throws out morbid influences to the wind-
pipe and surface of the lung^, occasioning cough,
mucous expectoration, pain in the breast, and
many other usual symptoms of genuine consump-
tion. So completely, indeed, does this traneMed
affection wear the livery of the genuine disease,
that, as before remarked, it is often mistaken for
it. This form of disease comes often under my
notice at the springs, and I frequently witness the
happiest result from the employment of the water
in such cases ; and the more so, because its bene*
ficial effects resolve a painful doubt that often
exists in the mind of the patient, as to the true
character of his disease.

BRONCHITIB.

Bronchitis is often met with at all our watering
places ; sometimes as a primary affection of the
bronchia, and often in connection with other dis-
eases.

Of ktoy this has become an exceedingly opiQ-

16»

■r

;;

.'3

litiiiMiiiiitiy liiiiwi" '" ' '-w..' .ir<ii[>rti»)iiffliiiii,

whhb sawwoa, bsvisim.

mon disease vrlth the clergy of our country ; so
mjich so, as eminently to demand an investigation
info the peculiar causes that render this invalu-
able class of men so subject to its influence. Such
an investigation would not only be highly inter-
esting as a curious subject of pathological inquiry,
but also might be valuable by enabling the clergy
to avoid the exciting and predisposing causes of
the malady. It is not my purpose to enter into
this investigation; it. would be foreign to the
objects of this work ; but merely to observe, for
the benefit of ilioso thus aSlicted, that the mineral
waters of this region afford encouraging prospects
of relief. We occasionally meet with cases that
arc relieved at this place ; and similar results
occur at all our watering places.

We often see Bronchitia, at the White, give way
and disappear, in the same ratio in which the
water exerts its alterative power over the diges-
tive and assimilative organs. Dr. E., of Lower
Virginia, was relieved of an obstinate attack in
this way ; an officer of our navy experienced the
same good fortune.

GHROinO DISEASES OF THE SKIN.

The sympathy existing between the surface of
the body and the large internal organs, "-^rticuT
larly the stomach and liver, has long be. . known
and appreciated by medical men. The celebrated

laStMUlMMUHi

Jm~?T^«i^^m-

:,< g?8y^.-s.w/v*j--'^^aw

■^-"^JTts

DisBAsss— DntBcnors

175

ir country ; so
a iDvestigation
er this invalu-
ifluence. Such
a highly inter-
ogical inquiry,
ling the clergy
)8ing causes of
}e to enter into
foreign to the
to observe, for
lat the mineral
iging prospects
rith cases that
similar results

y^hite, give way
in which the
over the diges-
11., of Lower
inate attack in
ixperienced the

BSKIN.

the surface of
Tgans, jT^rticUT
ng be. . icnowa
The celebrated

practice of Abernethy, of directing his remedies
to the stomach and bowels for the cure of cuta-
neous diseases, was based upon a knowledge of
this sympathy. Dr. James Johnson, of London,
in treating of the morbid sympathies of the
organs, remarks, that in Cutaneous and Eruptive
complaints, "an extensive class of diseases, whose
treatment has hitherto been very puzzling, the
stomach, in company with the liver and intestines,
sympathizes to ah extent that is little imagined ;"
and adds, "that from the midst of the most
inveterate of these^ there is scarcely one that is
not more or less connected with derangements of
the above-mentioned organs, but particularly the
liver, and consequently under the control or in-
fluence of remedies directed to tnem."

I have very generally observed in the admin-
istration of sulphur waters for cutaneous diseases,
that just in proportion as the great abdominal
organs became altera ted, the disease of the skin
was relieved ; nor do I anticipate any very decided
amendment in such cases, especially if they be of
long standing, until the vater has exerted its
sanatory effects upon those organs.

The V arm sulphur bath is a valuable assistant to
the iutu nal use of the waters in cutaneous diseases,
and should be daily employed after the water has
begun to show its alterative effects upon the liver
and bowolti.

It is often exceedingly gratifying to residnits at

■ -MK ' I itWHIBMiM

WHRl BVLPHUB SPBIXaB.

springs to witness the progressive
pearance of cutaneous eruptions, and ultimate
recovery in the course of the season, of persons
who come there with unseemly affections of this
kind. !

In m-conditioned tdcera of the extremities,
which are most generally found connected with
some general depraTHy of the constitution, the
water, in a goneral way, displays very fine effects.
In such (Mwes, I prefer the water to he so used as
to make decided impressions upon the bowda and
akin for a few days, to he continued afterwards in
smaller and less operatire quantities.

Xn admmistering the waters for diseases of the
skin, owing prohahily to the fact that latent
internal causes have-not heen fully remoTcd, we
ate sometimes ohliged to discontinue their use
entirfly for a few days, on account of the aggra-
▼att<Mi of the eruption, and to put the patient on
a more ac^ve anti-phlogistic treatment, with
cooling laxatives* and external emolient appli-
cations, until the system is hrought to that point
2kt which the use of the waters may safely he
resumed.

The good effects of thd waters in eruptive
diseases Are not always manifested until their use
has lain discontinued for some time. Indeed it is
m% uncommion to see such diseases apparently
resist a course of the waters while they are being
used, and yet yield completely to their »fiuences
after they have heen discontinued.

^ressive

and ultimate
son, of persons
feoiionB of this

e extremities,
connected with
mstitution, the
ery fine effects,
to be so used as

the howda and
I afterwards in
es.

diseases of the
»ot that latent
lly removed, we
binue their use
it of the aggra-

the patient on
reatment, with
emolient appli-
bt to that point

may safely be

jrs in eruptive
I until their use
e. Indeed it is
ises apparently
they are being
their »fiuences

OIBBAgW— DIBEOnOKS.

PSORIASIS AND LEPRA.

The waters of the White Sulphur have been
extensively used, and generally with beneficial
results, both in Paoriouna and Lepra.

Nothing short, however, of a full course of the
water, resulting in creating, and for a considerable
time in sustaining, its alterative action upon the
system, can be relied upon as fully remedial in
such eases. Valuable as I esteemed the water in
these oases, I have not been in the habit for
several years of relying exclusively upon it in the
more forniidable cases of either of these diseases.
The various mineral and vegetable alteratives,
especially iodine, or hydriodate of potash in AiU
doses, will be found valuable adjuncts ; and in
the declining stages of such csmb, that is, after
the Mruptions are giving way, benefit is often
derived from the use of Fowler's solution in smid}
dosoi, whidi) however, must be promptly dis*
continued, if it occasion gastric uneasiikess,
swelling of the fiioe, or mnseular wealcneas.

P80ri4X8is and Lepra are diseases so alike in their
origin and nature, as always to require essentially
the same treatment ; they are sometimes, in their
early stages, easily cured, but often very obstinate,
and, when reliei^ed, are apt to return. "H^ice a
mere amendment, under any treatment, shoulA
not be relied upon, but the course of Reatment,
to be eH^ctttal, must be long-coDtinntd and
thorough.

*■

ss^

cr^^^^SgTes ',t,-3F^rt' -

wm.

WBIIB BDIiraUK SPUHOS.

In these diseases the warm sulphur hath,
timeously used, is very valuahle. It should he
employed daily, hut not until the general system
shidl have heen hrought somewhat under the
alterative influence of the water; used at an
earlier period, it is always useless, and sometimes
hurtful, hy increasing local irritation or occa-
sioning general fever.

In the summer of 1856 a young gentleman
came under my advice, who had heen for several
yMrs a sufferer from Ltpra. He was the son of
wealthy parents residing in one of our large
cities, and had heen under th(d hest medical advice
of the country, hut without essentially henefiting
hit condition. Both of his legs, from the ankles
to the hips, wore entirely covered with rough
scales overlying inflamed and itchy sw^aoes,
occasioning constant irritation and uneanness,
particularly at night. Under the free use of the
water and hath, aided hy the occasional adminis-
tration of mild alteratives, the young gentleman
had so entirely recovered in the course of eigSt
^weel^s, as to induce me to advise him to leave the
waters and return home. I saw him the next
yearand was 'gratified to find that bis cure was
entire and perfect.

Numerouo cases, in no itapoiftant respects,
dissimilar in their character or termination, fure
of frequent occurrence at the springs.

OS.

Bulphnr bath,
3. It should bo
I general system
what under the
»r ; used at an
I, and sometimes
■itation or occa-

>ung gentleman
been for several
I was the son of
e of our large
it medical advice
itially benefiting

from the ankles
red with rough

itchy sui^ues,
and uneanness,
e free use of the
isional adminis-
oung gentleman
I course of eig^t
him to leave the
w him the next
lat bis cure was

oiftant respects,
termination, fure
ings.

DnBABBS— DIRB0TION8.

BHEUMATISM AND OOUT.

Next to diseases of the abdominal viscera,
rheumatism is most frequently met with at our
watering places. The ancient reputation of the.
White Sulphur,, and that which at an early day
directed public attention to its potency, was
derived from its successM use in rheumatism.
Tradition says, that the efficacy of this spring in
this disease was known to the Indians while they
dwelt in the country ; and it is a matter of history,
that the first important cure it is known to have
efiected among the Whites, was in a disease of
this kind. The reputation, thus early acquired,
has not been lost, but on the contrary, ha<» become
established by the experience of more than half a
centuxy.

,It must be borne in mind, however, that it is ^
not adapted' to every case of rheumatism. -It is
only In the chronic form of this disease, when
active inflammatory action is not present, that it
can be looked to for success.

We otton see at our watering places, and particu-
larly in persons from warm miasmatic regions, a^
■form pf rheumatism intimately connected with,
and dependent upon, derangement of the internal
organs. For the cure of such cases, the water is
peculiarly adapted. The same discriminative and
especial praise may be bestowed upon it in Mercu'
rial rheumatism, which we occasionally find

180

wum BuitrauR btoikchs.

or«'anootedwith chronic inflftmmation and enlarge-
luent of the bones. In most - cases it will be
advisable to connect the use of warm or hot bathing
with the drinking of the water, and in many,
especial advantage will be derived from the local
application of this adjuvant in the form of a douc^.
The united effects of these agents, operating
for a sufficient length of time, rarely fail to relax
the rigidity of the muscles, to give strength,
ease, and elasticity to {he diseased Joints, and to
impart vigor and tone to the whole system.

'Gout is not unfrequently seen at this, and at
all our watering places. The general operative
inflneuoes of sulphur waters, and the tone and
energy which they impart to the digestive
and assimilative Ainctions, are often serViMable
in this painful affection ; and especially, wtts^t
with the use of the water, the patient pursuS^
that prudent course of regimen which in th^di not
less than in other diseases originating in the
stomach, is absolutely necessary to a cure.

As a palliative, the water is very generally ser-
viceable.

DROPSIES.

The alterative influence of sulphur waters is
often very conspicuously displayed upon the
oiaofdeiU ai well as upon the seci'eto^ system,
aad hence> under its use, dropsical effusions wre

nQHS*

DISEASES — ^DIHBOnONS.

isr

don and enlarge-
cases it will be
rm or Ao< bathing
>, and in many,
id from the local
form of a douc^.
;ent8, operating
brely &il to relax
) give strength,
ed Joints, and to
le system.

1 at this, and at
general operative
id the tone and
the digestive
often serVlMable
ispecially, ^^fc%
patient porsaor
'hioh in thill not
iginating in the
o a care,
ry generally ser-

ilphtir waters is
ayed upon the
eci^eto^ system,
6al effasioos wre

often removed, while the general health and tone
of the system ia so improved as to prevent their
re-accumulation.

In cases originating in, or dependent upon,
obstructions of the glands, the sulphur waters
may be used with great confidence.

There are no invalids, who drink the White
Sulphur, that are more signally benefited by th<
use of active medicines in connection with it, that
dropsical subior-ts. Indeed, in all such cases^
appropriate cines so increase the certaintjr

and celerity oi the action of the water upon the
system, that their employment should never be
overlooked or neglected by such patients.

• . -

Jki^hui
■^n as a

SCROFULA.

f — ^aur waters have long been held in repnta-
%n as a remedy for Somfvla. Dr. Armstrong,
an : ^inent practitioner, and Icmg a resident
♦ physician at an English sulphur spring, states that
he found the internal and external use of sulphur
waters ^ more efficacious in sorofhla than4he
common meanures, for, after all the ordinary
treatment had &iled, he had seen scrofulous
affections cured by drinking such waters, and
using them as a tepid bath. Dr. Salsbury, who.
is familiar with the sulphur waters of Avon, Netr
Tojk, speaks favorably of their employment iu
such cases. My experience with the White Sui-
te

a a gasaiw^ i H

— "*-*^'-Vl^iiiaiii

^ .^r . a;.ii.>w^^i ..^ .^^i?J.^;.jiK^ k.^.-L-, ■'•, ^| ,|fa, ,, j'jj'^TBllii"

f^''^"^ "■'Wiiiiinii nil I "

-TmTTTif^^^pTWi

{Is

wBm sotrauK gpuoros.

phor, in thii discaie, has given me gome confidence
in its employment, and especially in early stages of
the affection. That it possesses considerable-pow-
ivB in resolving scrofnlons ttimors, T -ira satisfied.
In the advanced stages of the diseaa.;, p's .««a ; ^s
not been uniform from its employmetU , tho%'. ,
even in such, it is occasionally servioertbio, a^d
in no instances injurious, except in cases atteuded
with ulcerations of the bowels.

The constitutional invigoration, and the amend-
ment of the general health, from the use of the
water, is often advantageoueiy felt by scrofulous
subjects who may not experienoi ontire relief of
their strumous malady.

In scrofulous ^nd 'ickety childion., affected
with enlargement of the lymphatic glands, or
^ith a hard and tumid abdomen, evid^ng
disease in the mesenteric glands, the use of thc^
water is found very beneficial, imparting neyr'"
life and vigor to the young constitntion, resolving
the induration and enlargement of the glands,
and lessening the tumefaction and hardness of
the abdomen. An ointment made of iodine, or
hydriodate of potash, of such strength as not "to
excoriate the skin, may advantageously be rubbed
over the enlarged glands or bowels during the
use of the water.; and the chalybeatta water, or. In
its absence, some of the artificial preparations 'of
iron, may occasionally be interposed with advM-
tage.

j*.< ii lwwjJ«w«)iMfe.J4iyfe l iiiM^M»^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

^'A<if

1.0

1.1

Ittlli 125

^ Uk 12.2

ilf 124 ~
S; li° 12.0

«'

Fholpgraiiiic

Sdenoes

Corpmation

.*♦*,

as WIST MAM STRHT

VVnSTM,N.Y. 145M

(7U)«73-4S03

^^^y%

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHIVl/iCMH
Collection de
mi

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / inttitut Canadian de microreproductions hittoriquet

t^"'~7f ' ,^3SS5r«

^«l«#'

DXBBASE&^DnUBCrriONB.

188

In the united use of sulphur and alum waters
in these affections, there is a perfect jMpatibility,
and the employment of the former, fo|Plew weeks,
often constitutes the best preparation for the use
of the latter.

KERCUBIAL DISEASES AND SECONDARY
STIUPTOMS OP LUES.

In that enfeebled, susceptible, and very peculiar
condition of the system, often f^und to exist as the
result of a long-continued or injudicious use of
meronry, the White Sulphur water displays its
happiest effects. Indeed, its powers in overcom-
ing and eradicating the constitutional and local
effects of this drug from the system, deserve to
be IfiVled extraordinary, and cannot be too highly
.appreciated by the medical profession or the

public.

But it is especially to thai anomalous^ bat wA
uncommon state of the syatem, produced by lln
unsuccessful use of meronry is syphiKtic affectioiib
that I desire particularly to call attention in
reference to the use of the water.

Under the combined in^muce of meronry, and
the peculiar irirut of {iM»/a new and peculiar
state of the system i# K>metimes induced,
dimfmilar tothe ordinaryli^hilitio derelopttiettts,
and alio from the symj^ms of a common uuff>
curial disease, a case MiifMien«; andunmistilEalrly

l l l»rl l ffl i -'» l f ittM ll M l i il l I II I l1r i lH ii» ll l l«lTi tllM<toMM»<IHIIi|W

wimmmmfltiim'it'ii**'^*'''*'!!^

ite^ji^p'.v-./A''--* '-■ •*' ;

E^far

184

WHIIB SULPHUR SPBIKaS.

manifeBted by the prodaction of certain constitu-
tional/and local symptoms, both annoying and
painful, and not unfrequently inducing great
irritability of body and mind, with feelings of
wretchedness and despondency.

This peculiar disease, evidently one of constitu-
tional character, manifests its existence by florid
or livid spots, or blotches, on various parts of the
body; by scaly eruptions, and, in its ultiznate
form, by ragged, ill-conditioned ulcers, assaulting
indiscriminately any portion of the body; by
nodes, or enlargement of the bones , most generally
of the extremities, or the face ; ulcerated throat,
pains in the limbs, with great susceptibility to
pains and aches from changes of the wsather, or
from any slight influence ^ cold. The whole of
theie Symptoms juay not be present, or in for^ at
the same time, or in . the same patient, but tliey,
are all generallj|r developed in the progress of such \
cases. In the commencement of the disease, there
maybe no symptoms to attract attention, except
a tendency to discoloration in small irregular f
circles on parts of the body, or a brand-like
scaHness ~ on portions of the skin, with an
^g^ated suawptibility to the influence of cold,
or to sudden changes of the weather. Such
symptoms wiU generally )m found to< be the
iqtcipients of this formida'de iialady, and which,
if ti)e disease be not then> cured, are but the
prfesrsors of the inor« loathsome and dreaded
symptoms.

^ »a«jA!&i^s

gffffKimiin

DISBASBS— DIKEOnONS.

186

n constitu-
loyiDg and
:iog great
feelings of

>f constitu-
e by florid
arts of the
ts ultiznate
assaulting
body; by
t generally
bed throat,
ttibility to
^sather, or
e whole of
in for«w at
;, bat tliey
ress of sach
lease, there
ion, except

irregular
brand-like

irith an
oe of cold,
iier. Such
ko< be the
md which,
e but the
d dreaded

Cases of this tsharacter are found to exist, in
greater or less severity, in all the varieties of
constitution and temperament ; but more fre-
quently and more severely in delicate persons of
lymphatic temperament, and especially in such as
are predisposed to strumous diseases.

Afler long experience of the use of the water in
the peculiar form of disease under consideration,
I have no hesitation in saying, that if called upon,
to designate the particular affection, or state of
the system, in which the White Sulphur water is
most certainly beneficial, X would not hesitate to
name mercurial diaeaaes with aecHmdary aymptoma
of lues ; because the water in such cases exerts f^
specific agency, and more c<ertainly brings relief
to the sufferer, than any other known agent.
This is strong praise of the remedy in this
disease, and nothing but long and successful
experience in its' use would induce me to award it.

I use the phrase ^peo^ic, a term> I know, aa
applied to remedies, not much fatdred by the
schools of medicine ; but by what other term can
we better designate the peculiar and constant -
aptitude of a remedy to produce always the same
results ?— as mercury in its peculiar a^iim upon
the salivary glands, or as the White Sulpbn
water in its effects upon mercurial dicraase, for it
is hot more certain that mercury will salivate,
than that the character of disease under -cob* '

i ^ iti ^rt <* B »f<>' ic ** i*»W i *k i )n « 'j' i j ' i»^^ ^

WHm 8UI.PIIUB gPKINOS.

siderstion will be beneficially influenced by tbe
properuse of the White Sulphur water.

For more than twenty years I have watched the
operation of these waters in the disease under
consideration, and, within that time, hundreds of
cases have been submitted to their use ; and I can
say of their employment in such cases,' what
should not be said of them in any other without
qualification, that they have invariably, when
properly used, either cured, or so rdieved the
patient, as to evidence the triumph of the remedy
over the disease.

Patients laboring under this affection, and, in
some respect, in proportion to the violence of the
case, are required to, exercise patience and
perseverance in the use of the remedy. To render
it fully successful, nothing short of its complete
iiipd pervading alterative influences can be relied-
Upon, and, to effect this, in bad cases, from one to
three months' use will generally be required;
oocasionally intermitting it for a few days^ if it has
to be very long continued.

■ In treating such oases with sulphur water, great
aivantage will be gained and much time saved,
,b|r the administration of appropriate adjunctive
remedies, and by the free use of the warm and
ibet ralphur baths, interposed after the water h«s,
to some extent, affected the general system.

- ■■-■■ y-''y--^--^..-^^.^f.f^-.'.''^- ^ ^fix^-^.i.'^'..:f.iA*:-.^^^^^^

DIBBASB»— DIKBOnONS.

181

ced hy the

matched the
ease under
undredB of
; and I can
ases,' what
ler without
ihly, when
dieved the
the remedy

on, and, in
ence of the
iience and
To render
\b complete
n he relied
from one to
) required ;
ijB, if it has

leater, great

time saved,
adjunctive
warm and

) water has,

}tem.

ERYSIPELAS. *

There is a form of Erysipelas which I shall cttM
hahitwd, hecause of its frequent occurrence in the
same individual, that attacks, at irregular periods,
any part of the hody ; hut, most commonly, the
face, neuk, or the other extremities. This affec-
tion sometimes ohstinately maintains the seat
in which the inflammation first appears ; in other
cases it extends with greater or less rapidity to
adjacent parts of the hody. It may occur with'
any one, hut it especially prevails in persons
constitutionally predisposed to the affection, nnd
in such, heing routed from one part, it will attack
another; or at irregular intervals, and from
various exciting causes, such as cold, improper
diet, etc., it will return and re-assault the part«
formerly its seat. The disease is attended with
. an unpleasant hurning in the parts affected, and
generally with a slight fever in its early stage,
which is preceded hy rigor or chilliness. It is a
disagreeahle and annoying affliction, and showing,
even when slight, a strong predisposition to a
more serious form of the same disease ; persons^
affected with it, however mildly, are anxious to
he entirely relieved.

For this form of erysipelatous inflammation,
the White Sulphur is a valuahle remedy. Many
such case? come under my direction, &nd hy the
use of the waters generally, and mild alterative'

m>^nMi^!iR^f'0!^gfi4.*^me^^m:!^mf<^,^^MP!»i •r- t.«M»)s*'«%»fe#!««^rai'jw..

18S

WHm BULPBVK SPHDieS.

applications locally to the affected parts, they have
very generally heea cured.

It should be noted that, while the inflammation
is active, or even slight fever exists, the water
should be withhold.

DISEASES OF THE HEABT.

To guide intelligibly and safely in the admin-
istration of mineral waters, it is as necessary to
observe and vote the diseases and states of the
system in which -such agents are oontrortndicated
and hurtful, as those in which they are beneficial.

I have elsewhere allnded to the injurious effects
of mineral waters in, organic affections of the
heart ; but the subject is 'one of so much
importance, and mistakes are so frequently made
by unadvised, or badly advised, persons, that it
seems proper to call attention more distinctly to it. •

Mypertrof^Py or thickening of the heart, the
most common, as well as the most formidable,
chronic affisotion of that organ, is pr<^erly
divisible into three varieties ; the first consisting
of a thickening of the raosculw tissue of the
. <»gan, without material alteration of the valves,
or enlargement of the cavities of the vieous. In
the second variety the thidcness of th« walls of
the heart are increased, but principally on the
inside, so that while the size of the whole organ
teay not be much increased, its oavitiet will be

. .n ■ ,„.-.,,,,, ,..u fl iirit , {-r-'j ''r-''-''*^^^'*"- -'^^''^

DIBIABBS— DIRBOnONB.

J, they have

iflammation
, the water

the admin-
lecesiary to
bates of the
rorindicated
ehenefioial.
rioufl effects
lions of the
' so mnoh
lently made
ons, that it
tinotly to it.
heart, the
formidahle,
is properly

it OODSistiDg

ssne of the
the valTes,
▼isoas. In
ih«t walls of
lally on the
rhole orgail
ties will he

considerably lessened. The third variety is
hypertrophy or thickening of the walls, com-
bined with dilatation, of greater or less extent, of
the cavities ; this is the most serioas and dreaded
variety of the disease.

In neither of the varieties*of hypertrophy of the
heart, is the White Sulphuf water remedial ;
while in the second and third, it is manifestly
injurions and hasardous, even when need in
moderate qnantities and for short periods of time.
Such .will be, to a greater or less extent, the'
prejudicial effects of all the more stimulating
waters, whether of Sulphnr, Alam, Chalybeate
or saline character.

In the last twenty-five years I have known
several cases of sudden death, in hypertrophy of
the heart, occasioned by using the White Sulphur
water. In numerous other cases, an aggravation -
jof ail the worst symptoms of the disease has been ■
witnessed fi-cnn the same cause, and the patients
forced to discontinue the water j although the
gmeral ttaie of their systems, apart Arbin the con-
dition of the heart, demanded ite use.

Experience of the injurious effects of the water -
in organie affections of the heart, has taught me
the imp<»rtence of durefvlly looking to the con-
dition of that organ, in ; ^ cases submitted to my
advice, when there is tl.> slightest reason tb
suspect that it may not be free from disease.

Let me be cinderi^ood here, ss alluding strictly

mmM»tmiM^imi^mt^»Mumitmi*m»ii>ykimmtUm

^^^^'S^^^mmMf^^^^^-^^^''^^'^^*^^^^^^^^''''^^?^^^^"

190

WEtn SDLPSUB BPKUrOfl.

to organio c^tcHona <A the heart, and not to the
variotn tympathetie afftotiona of that organ, so
often found, especially in persons of nervous tem-
peraments, and in connection with dyspeptic
depravities. Such sympathetic affections mani-
fested by paroxysmal palpitations, and an awful
sense of sinking, are not uncommon in dyspepsia ;
and, although always distressing, are less dan-
gerous than patients are prone to fear. They are
neuralgic in character, and while they excite on
the mind of the sufferer the most unpleasant
anxiety, in fear of an organic affection of the
heart, such fears are generally groundless. The
existence of the unpleasant symptoms alluded to,
when found in connepttpn with, and dependent
uponiV dyspeptic condition of the stomach, in no
respect oontra'indicate the use of the waters ; on
the contrary, these unpleasant symptoms are
always relieved by the use y>f the water to th^
same extent that it benefits the disease upon which
they depend.

Patients suffering under orgfttiUe affections of the
heart should absti»in from the use of sulphur
waters, although the stat^ of their general system
, may seem to indicate the use of the remedy.
Most persons, thus advised, carefully adh^e to
the advice, but in a few instances I have known
tiiem to depart fr<MDa it and use a few glasses of
the water ; but never without occasioning an
aggravation pf their symptowp. in «ach diseases

'.' .' . r';" :f J i(« '. >' ;v' ! j ' *<i*l ' Ate iX

noTIo the

i organ, so
ervouB tern-
I dyspeptic
tioni mani-
)d aa awful
[ dyapepaia ;
e leis dan-
. They are
9y excite on

unpleaiant
iion of the
idlesB. The
allnded to,
I dependent
maoh, in no

wateri; on
Doptoms are
rater to th^
I upon which

ictionfl of the
of Bulphar
neral system
^h9 remedy.
f adh^e to
have known
m glasses of
arioQi?ig an
inch diseases

DISKA6EB — ^DIBlOnOllfl.

191

I am occasionally consulted by persons who have
-bcon using the water for a time, and finding they
arc not doing well, seek adrioe ; in such cases, a
discontiauance of the water always ^It^os evidence
of its UQsuitobleness to the patient.

During the summer of 1866, one of my patiente
was an eminent physician, Dr. G., of Eastern
Virginia. In deteiling to him, in a social pro-
fessional way, the prejudicial eJBfects of the water
in diseases of the heart — and without suspecting
that he was a subject of the malady^ for at that
time I had not examined his case, — he manifested
an acute interest in my recitel, and before I had
concluded, said, " You are not aware, sir, that
you are using the argumeg^m ad hominem; I have
long suspected that I am myself a subject of
hypertrophy of the heart, — and what you now
say of the peculiar symptoms occasioned by the
use of the water in such cases, paiafuUy satinfies
me that I have not been misteken." He further
told me that he found his unpleasant symptoms
aggravated almost immediately after commencing
the use of the water ; and I had the pleasure of
witnessing a great abatement of them, after he
discontinued ite use entirely.

.Cases have come under my notice in which the
use of the water plainly developed to observation
the existence of a diseased heart, which, before ittt^
use, had been doubted or unsuspected.

mmm^mmiimiimim

WBITB BULPBOB WUSOB.

BOIRRHUB AND OANOBR.

In Caneerow affeotiont, I h«ye not found the
waters of the White Sulphur to he remedial.

In 8oirrhu8, which may he regarded aa .an ap-
proximation to Cancer > or rather the initial of
that formidable disorder, the same remarks may
be made. Indeed, my ohserrations are very
un&Torable io the use of the waters in Scirrhns
generally, and especially in sohirrosity of the
stomach and womb. Its tendency is injurious in
such cases, and especially in their adranced
stages ; so much so, that I ncTsr recommend, but
always inhibit, its use when there is sufficient
cause to believe these qrgans to be in such a con-
dition.

.So far as observation enables me to form an
opinion, and various cases have contributed to the
enlightenment of my judgment on the subject,
none of our mineral waters, either Sulphur, Ohidyb-
eate. Alum or Saline, can be regarded as remedial
in Scirrhns or Cancer ; and the beat encomium
that can be bestowed upon any of them, in such
cases,, is simply this, that tka Itxui potent wiU be the
Jiea^ ityvrmu.

We often meet in practice with m-comUtioMd
vloer$ that are very unmanageable by the usual
medico-surgical treatment ; such ulcerations are
generally connected with advanced age, or- with a
debilitoted and vitiated constitution.

■•nim-«>«w>>iM<flliilWMi

jJiiiiitiiaiMiii

600IRT AND 118 AMUSmiBMTS.

found the
kedial.

M.an »p-
} initial of
marks may

are yery
n Scirrhns
lity of the
Djariona in
' adranoed
amend, but
8 sufficient
8uch a con-
to form an
mted to the
he tubjeot,
ur,Ohalyb-
M remedial

encomium
m, in 8ueh
)iwmbethe

•oqmdUwMd
ir the usual
nrations are
», or with a

Those disordei's are successfuDy treated hy our
stronger sulphur waters, and by the various
Alum, or Aluminous sulphated Ohalyboates of
the country. Oases of this character, that are
cured by mineral waters, have sometimes long
resisted the usual medical treatment; and this
iact, in connection with their ill-conditioned char-
acter, sometimes causes them to be regarded as
cancerous. Patients, especially, taking counsel
from their fears, ofte& attribute to them this
malignant character, but a wise and discrimi-
nating pathology will distinguish between such
affections and the specific characteristics of Cancer.

SOCIETY AND ITS AMltSEMEliTS AT THE WHITE
SULPHUR

Next to the i&edicinal value of the water of the
White Sulphur, and the invigorating climate of
the place, the company that annually assembles
there is most worthy of notice.

The prestige of the White Sulphur for all that
is elegant and refined in society is coeval with its
early history. For many years it has been the-
great central pCiint of reunion for the best society
of the South, North, East and West, that here
mingle together under circumstances well calcu-
lated to promote social intercourse, and to call out
the kindliest feelings of our nature.

The eoUage ayatem that has been introduced,
17

»i^i»'%'^<igiijMit" m lii i i ■" ■' *

194

WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.

although new to American watering places, has
proved^ complete success, and greatly contributes
to the home>like comforts and the sociality of the
numerous families assembled here.

Society seems here to meet on common ground,
and the di£ferent shades of feeling influencing it
at home are laid aside, while each individual pro-
motes his own happiness by contributing to the
happiness of others.

Here is to be found th% statesman vrho, worn
down with labor, and his mind unstrung by the
cares of office, seeks from the bracing air, the
pi<itur(;sque scenery and the genial company, not
less than from the health-giving waters, that
recuperation of his wastetjd energies in vain sought
for elsewhere. Here, too, is found the man of
letters,' seeking rest from thought, and strength
for future effort. The poet, too, is here to quaflF
vigor from the sparkling fountain, and new
images of beauty from nature's lavish stores that
are spread around him ; and here, too, come in
crowds those who have ever plumed the poet's
fancy po its sublimest flights— beauteous woman —
by her presence brightening every prospect, and
gracing every seene. Following naturally in her
train, come those who ever love to bask in beauty's
smiles^ and find in such scenes the happiest of
their youthful hours. Here, too, congregate the
reverend clergy, the doctor, the lawyer, the judge,
wearied with the burdens of the bench ; the man

iai t Mmmw i* i i MHMHi < iMW''-'''''''-'wCT ' < i^iMi i iiJ i Mif iiftiiiiwtiMiW

liHiHii

SOCIBTT AND ITS AMUSBMKNTS.

105

laces, has
)iitribates
ity of the

1 ground,
lencing it
idual pro-
ng to the

yho, worn
Qg by the
; air, the
ipanjr, not
ters, that
an sought
le man of
L strength
e to quaff
and new
itores that
>, come in
the poet's
I woman —
spect, and
»lly in her
n beauty's
appiest of
regate the
the judge,
; the man

i iiaii! i ii ii iiii «

of commerce, the financier, the thrifty planter,
the eturdy farmer, and the retired man of wealth
and ease. These, reckoned by thousands, make
up the company that annually give tone and char-
acter to the White Sulphur, and make it at once
the Athens and the Paris of America.

The amusements are various in kind and in
degree, ^o sketch can give more than a faint
shiulowing of the pleasures of a visits to the
Springs. The freedom from care, the relaxation
from bonds which have fettered us to the tread-
mill of business ; the pure mountain air, every
breath of which swells the veins and makes the
blood tingle with delight; the wild mountain
scenery awakening new thoughts of the grandeur
of creation, and the mighty power of God ; the
amenities of social intercourse, relieyed from
those necessary but vexatious rules of etiquette
which hem in iashionable life at home ; all these
combine to render a visit to the White Sulphur
an epoph in life to be'' looked forward to, and back
upon, with pleasurable emotions.

The weary pilgrim cottrsing over the burning
sands of the East, does not hail the sight of an
oasis in mid-desert with more joy than the habitues
of the "White," worn down by cares or trouble,
welcome the first glimpses of the sparkling foun-
tain, and the verdant lawns encircled by cottage
homes; to him they promise rest, comfort, health ;
while to others they tell of pleasures past and joys

196

WHIXB SULPHUR 8PBINCN3.

to come. And why ? For answer, let vm briefly
sketch jbhe scenes of a single day at the Springs.

The morning haa dawned, the forest songster
in saluting the opening day has softly wakened
the sleeper; the full ronnd face, of the son soon
appeurs above the neighboring mountain peak ;
the silvery vapor glides upward from the vale
beneath, the fleecy clouds are gone, and the dewy
fragrance of the morning air invites to active
exercise. The visitors now gather around the
health-giving fountain, and after quaffing its
waters, wend their way to the jooming meal.
This over, the business of active enjoyment fcur
the day begins.

The pleasant walks, that penetrate the lawns
and environ the grounds'inyite |Qiany to healthful
exercise. The billiard saloon, with its numerous
tables, entices many votaries ; the bowling alleys
soon resound with the merry laugh of youth and
beauty, and thus the hours glide vwiftly away ;
while Ircmi another portion of the grounds is
heard the olear^ keen r^pwt from the pistol
gallery, tdiUng how promptly Young America is
preparing to aves^e his insulted honor.

The bMutifol rides and drives, with their
glorious mountain and intervale scenery, attract
some, while.the quiet game, the alluring book, or
tbe pleasant companion solace many others. Thus
they take no note of time, save from its loss» until
the wurning sound of the dinner bell rings fatth

i aiiiii i iia^^

sooDmr Ain> ns ahusembmts.

na briefly

I Springs.

b songster

r wakened

ran soon

un peak;

the Tale

the dewy

to active

ound the

affittg its

mg meal.

irment £ar

khe lawns
healthful
nnmerons
ing alleys
rottth and
Itly away ;
rounds i«
he pistol
onerica is

itii their
ry, attraot
g book, or
iti. Thus
lossy until
ings forth

the noontide hour, calling to prepare for the mid-
day meal. Again the fountain is thronged, and
then to the sound of rich-toned music, discoursed
by a well-trained band, the crowd, after the hour
of preparation has elapsed, assemble in the im-
mense and well-furnished drawing-room for a
brief social reunion, before partaking of. the great
meal of the day. Dinner over, the drawing-room
again becomes the centre of attraction. In this
room, during the crowded season, are each day
brought pleasantly together a gay and richly- -
dressed assembly, excelled in beauty, manliness,
and dignity by no other crowd ever assembled
within the broad limits of our common country.
Here congregate the faire«t <tf the fair from every
State, and one can gaze, and gaze on beauty until
the heart reels in its very fullness.

The company, wearied with converse or the
promenade, retire to their cottage homes, or to
the inviting shade of the wide-spread oaks, under-
neath which, in by^gone yearsi the savage danced
or the antlered monareh of the forest tossed his
crest, now given up to the happy crowd who in
genial converse while the hours away until the
lengthened shadows and the fragrant air again
invite to the walk, thf tide, the dn've, or other
active exercise. Then.ia heard the summons to
a social reunion at the tea-table, after which the
spirit-stirring music calls the young and the gay
to the giddy whirl of the ball-room. Here plea-

17*

198

CUALYBBATB SPBINO.

suro reigns supreme, the heart-toned laugh, the
witty /word, the amiable repartee, all tell that
those assembled here are just sipping the bubbles
from the overflowing cup of joy.

Nowhere else can such a scene be witnessed;
nowhere else can such a scene be more innocent
than here. Thus flit away the glad hours until
the waning night bids to calm repose.

Such is, as it were, a shadowy outline of a day .
at the White Sulphur.

But we cannot close this sketch without men-
tioning another phase of society at the Springs,
and one that must commend itself to erery well
ordered mind. We allude to ,the respectful ob-
servance, by the company* generally, of the Sab-
bsfth day. Throughout this entire day a profound
quiet pervades the* grounds, and the places of
worship are thronged by full and attentive con-
gregations. Nothing coukl better evidence the
conservative influence of society here, than the
reif^ctful and reverential attention with which
the vast concourse honor the sacred clatms of the
Sabbath. -

CBALTBEATB SPBINO.

About forty rods from the White Sulphur
' Spring, and near the road that leads to Lewis-
burg, is a Chalybeate Springt which is Aow being
beneficially used by invalids. The existence of
this iron water has long been known, but it is

Mtliim»ii>iMm

Wia

CBALYBBATB SPBINO.

199

iaugh, the

tell that

le bubhles

ritnesBed ;
I ianoceat
ours until

e of a day .

boat men-
> Springs,
every well
MOtfnl ob-
f the Sab-
i profound
places of
ntive con-
idence the
, than the
ith which
Imt of the

9 Sulphur
to Lewis-
How being
listenee of
If but it is

only within the last few years that it attracted
sufficient attention to induce the proprietor to
have it deepened, walled up, and properly en>
closed.

The water has not been analyzed, but there can
he no doubt that the efficient medical material in
it is iron, and that this is held in solution in the
form of a carbonate, constituting the mildest,
. least offensive, and, ordinarily, the most efficient
form in which ferruginous waters are found.

I allude to this spring in connection with the
White Sulphur, because it is found immediately
contiguous to it, and is used in connection with it
to a considerable extent.

For the last ten years, it hais been much used
by invalids, either in connection with the White
Sulphur, or as an independent remedy, and its
tonic eflBeots in several coses, thai have come
under my observation, have been gratifying.
Judging from the taste of the water and its
kindly influences upon the stomach,! infer that it
is, to a great degree, exempt from the irritating
salts that impregnate the waters of limestone
regions.'

, It acts mildly as a diuretic, and slightly on some
persons as an aperient, but its chief value must be
attributed to its tonio powers.

200

MINKIUL WATIBS Of VIBOINU.

CHAPTEBIX.

SALT BULPHITR SPRINGS.

BilMothh tmi SaHif JSRMMy— ^iMi%iji if Pnfamtr Bog m
J^^jpUeabiUtg tf tkt Waim— Iodine or Xm Bfring—Anai^ bg
Dr. gtmemi, de.

Thbsb springs, three in namber, are about
twenty-four miles south from the Whito Sulphur,
in the County of Monroe, and near Union, the seat
of justice for that coun^. They are encircled by
mountains on every side^^-nihaVing Peters' Mouh-
tain to the south and east, the Alleghany to the
north,'^and Swope's Mountain to the vest, near
the base of whkh are the three springs alluded 1^.

This watering place has been a popular and profit-
able resort for' invalids for the liMt fifty years;
having always heretofore, as now^ dnjoyed a high
reputatbn, alito for the virtue of its waters and
the exii$eUe6oe of its acoonimodations. It is owned
by Messrs. Erskine & Carnthers, woifhy and
enterprkiing proprietors, under whose personal
manageinent the eitoblishixi(^t has been for many
years^and who inade the prii^pal improVements
at the place — ^which are both comfortable and
extensive ; being sufficient for the accommodation
of three hundred and fifty persons.

iW i BH a Wftaiiii i iMiiiiili^ a^

MM* S eg en

are abont
Sulphur,
1, the 9ei,t
circled by
rs' Mouh-
ny to the
ireft, near
Rlhided to.
Audprofit-
ly years;
ed ahigh
waters and
[t is owned
>ifhy and
> personal
I for many
poVements
table and
imodation

8ALI SDLPHOB SntlNOB. 201

The " Sait Sulphur" proper was discorered by
Erwin Benson, Esq., in 1805, when boring for
salt water, which he was induced to believe might
be found there, from the fact that, in old times,
the spot had been a favorite " Lick " for deer and
buffalo. This spring is neatly inclosed in a
marble reservoir, two feet square, and about two
feet ten inches deep, and is protected from the
weather by a neat and comfortable edifice.

The following is the analysis of this water, as
furnished by Professor Bogers :

Temperature variable from 49° to 66°.
Solid matter procured, by evaporation, from 100
cubic inches, weighed, after being dried at 212°
81-41 grains.

Quantity of each solid ingredient in 100 oubio
inches, estimated as perfisotly free from water :--
... *

1. Balphate of lime^.......«...........„......8(|-758 gnins.

». Bo^tlMte of magnota « 7-M8 «

ft Solphaie of iodi-...........^^..^.. .„ g-ms «

4 OwlMMute of Una. ....«..«.....„«...,„. i^Mt "

8. CuboiMte of iMgneria...................... i-JM m

6. Ohtorideof iiMgiinlam-............„....M o-US "

T. OblSridb of sodivniL.......................^ o*w8 •*

. 8. CUoildo of wildiBW.,..................^.... o^lBS •«

9. Peroxide of iron, ftom proto«aIplutte. <HMI <*

10. An acotind oig^ matter^Iiiended

With iu^or.rtiot^......... ........... 4 «

11. Bttfby plioqdMtea.:...........^............^ tnoe

l&IodiiM.

fS^B^KW,

BJ WW rgMB I—WiBW

202 MmiBAL VATnu) or vimiria.

Volume of each of the gases contained in a free
state in 100 cubic inches : —

Stdphoratted hydrogen 110 to IM cabio inohM.

Nitrogen. 808 "

Oxygen 0.27 . "

Carbonic add. • «W "

The above analysis applies to the Iodine, or
New Spring, as well as to the Upper, or Old
Spring, as the following extract of a letter, from
Professor Rogers to the proprietors, will show : —
"I inclose you a list of the ingredients in the
Salt Sulphur water, which applies to the Now as
well as to the Old Spring, the former having

, rather- k smaller nmpunt of saline matter in
general, thougli in some ingredients surpassing
the other. It has been very minutely analysed,
and is the first of all the waters in which I was
enabled to detect traces of Iodine, which it con-
tains inlarger amount than the Old Spring, and,
indeed, than most of the other waters in which
I }iave been so fortunate as to discover this
material."
The JocfMM, or New Spring ^ was aocidentally

^ discovered by the proprietors in 18S8, while
engaged in q[>ening a drain for the w$ter of the
"Salt," and was immediately deeifened and
inclosed in a marble reservoir, and covered by an
appri»priate building. Owing to a large- deposit
of sulphur in combination with some peculiar

i flrii i ii i aiMiiiiM

imm

SALT eutfBUB sranros.

203

ad in a free

IricinohM.

«(
li

Iodine, or
)er, or Old
letter, from
11 show: —
ients in the
the Now as
ner having
matter in
■nrpauing
Y analysed,
rhioh I was
tich it Gon-
Ipring, and,
irs in which
isoover this

aooidentally
1838, while
r$ter of the
9{|ened and
rered hy an
irge- deposit
me pecaliar

organic matter, which floats as a pellicle upon the
surface of the spring, this water is less limpid than
that of the "Salt." Under an intense heat of
the sun, it occasionally deposits a beautiful pink
sediment upon the bottom and sides of the
reservoir. In taste and smell, it much resembles
the water of the other springs, but being ten
degrees warmer, is less palatable to some persons.
Its temperature varies from Q2° to 68° Fah.

The presence of a larger quantity of iodine in
this spring, poinU it out as a superior agent in
many affections for which iodine is successfully
employed, particularly in scrofula, goitre, and
some diseases of the akin.

The Upper, or Old Sprxngt was discovered in
1803^ by Alexander Hutoherson, Esq., who was
searching for salt water on Indian Creek. It soon
came into high reputation as a mineral water, and
was the annual resort of a large company. The
house now occupied as a hotel, and several of the
old cabins, were erected at that early day. The
water of this spring is now almost elkclnsively
used for the baths; the opening of the 8aU
BvUfhw-jptopoitf whose waters are more strongly
marked, having in a great degree superseded it as
a drink.

The water of the Salt Sulphur possesses all the
sensible properties of the sulphur waters in
general. "Its odor, for^ instance," says Dr.
Mtitter, '* is verj like that of a < tolerable egg,'

uamuoi wAms w vhoixia.

and mfty, in certain sUtot of the •tmoephere, be

poroMved at some distance from the spring, and

in taste it is cousin-german to a strong solution of

Epsom salts and magnesia. In a shdrt time,

however, strange to say, these disagreeable

' properties are either not observed, or become, on

the other hand, attraotire ; indeed, there is hardly

an instance of an indiTidnal's retaining his

I original repugnance to them longer than three or

^four days, and some there are who become so

;> excessively fond of the water as to give it the

ifpreference over any other liquids. Like most of

|the sulphurous, this water is perfectly transparent,

and deposits a whitish sediment, composed of its

(Tarious saline ingredi«tfits, mingled with sulphur.

pit is also for the most part placid ; occasionally,

i^howtiver, it is disturbed by a bubble of gas, which

^steals slowly to the snrfhee, where it either

^•xplodes with a timid and dimpling smack, or is

! eagerly caught up by some care-worn and almost

bworld-weary invalid as a gem from the treasury of

^Hygeial"

The Salt Sulphur water is remedial in all cases
*in whiflh strong sulphur waters -are sttcnessftilly
used ; and especially in eases that require active
cathartic operation. While its cathartic effects
are more active than those' of any other filter in
the geological region in which it exists, it is
neither harsh nor violent; gently cltoritig the
alimentary canal without debiUtating the patient.

BALI 80I.PHUR 8PRIN08.

SOS

iMphere, be
spring, And
i; solution of
shdrt timo,
lisftgrceable
become, on
sre is hardly
tftining his
lan three or
I beoome bo
give it the
like most of
transparent,
posed of its
ith sulphur.
KKMMionally,
f gas, which
B it either
imack, or is
and almost
Btreasncyof

in all oases
tttocessfUly
^iiire active
artio effects
er water in
exists, it is
iltoritig the
the patient.

HIMMii

while it actirely promotes the general secretions,
invigorates the appetite, and promotes digestion.
The cathartic effects of the water are so mild and
certain that the stomach is never oppressed nor
the bowels irritated ; -but while the alimentary
canal is being relieved, the functions of the system
assume their physiological type, and the suspended
causes of disease are gradually removed.

In the extensive range of diseases, dependent
upon vitceral obstructions, the Bait Sulphur is
eminently useful ; and in that particular form of
simple Dffap^a, in which constipation is a
leading and troublesome symptom, I have found
it to be signally efficacious.

This water, like all oilr sulphur waters, will
sometimes distinctly reduce the frequency and
force of the pulse; and while such effect upon
the circulation is not characteristic of its constant
action upon the economy, it is favorable to its
sanative influence. As is the case with the White
and other sulphur waters, this influence upon the
circulation is not the effect of direct sedative
action upon the heart and arteries, but of the
sanative powers of the agent, as an alterative and
deobstruent, in restoring the general economy to
its true physiological type, and thus relieving
the circulation from the causes that oppress it.

Dr. Mutter, in an instructive punphlet on tim
Salt Sulphur, published in 1850, recommends
these waters in chronic qfeottoM, <^ <Ae Brniik; m
18

206

MmnAL WATIR8 OV TIBfllNIA.

chronic dia«(uet of the BoweU, Kidney, Spleen, and
Bladder; in Neuralgia, ai well aa in the yarious
affections termed nerwue, »uch as hypochiondna,
hysteria, catalepsy, chorea, etc.

He found them useful in eympaihetio t^edioM
of th« Cheat, dependent upon some lesion of the
ohylopoietic viscera ; but oautions against their
use in all cases of tubercles, hiemoptysis, or of
great emaciation with diarrhoea.

Chronic SplenUie, often a sequela of Southern
fevers, is frequently cured by these waters. Chronic
gastric irritation, Pyrosis, or water-brash, as well
as Oastralgia, or nervous dyspepsia, is often
relieved by the Salt Sulphur.

Dr. Mutter found go6d effects from the waters
in ooMtipation of the boweU, haemorrhoids, and in
irritation of the mucous membrane of the kidneys,
urethra, proetcUe gland, and bladder.

Beneficial effects are derived from their use in
atomic leuoorrhoea, amenorrheea, and dysmenorrheea,
when unconnected with general or local plethora.

Like all other strong sulphur waters, they are
beneficial in lAronic Mheumaiiam and Gout, as well
M i» PeriostiHs, and inflammation of the bones,
and chronic diseases of the Skin.

In reference to the manner of using sulphur
waters. Dr. Mfltter judiciously remarks, that "a
very injurious practice prevails at most- of the

wim

' immwmm m

BAUt SULPHUR SPRUrOS.

807

Jpleen, and
he Tarioua
ehiondrift,

ion of the
biDBt their
y»ii, or of

f Boutbern
B, Chronic
sh, as well
, is often

the waters
di, and in
he kidneytf

beir use in
nencrrhaa,
I plethora.

B, they are
yut, as well
the bones,

ig sulphur
;s, that^'a
lost- of the

lirt t 'Jj i ttSi l B i*

watering places in this country. It is supposed
by luutiy that taking the water direotljr from the
Hpring, contributes very much to its efficacy, and,
ooiisoquontly, we And tli§ »ick and /eelie, as well
as the robust, sallying forth by break of day for
this purpose. * * The water is undoubtedly more
palatable when taken in this way, but it is not
more ^^loootbiM than when drunk at the cabin."
<( Every invalid," he continues, "should bear
this in mind, particularly those who visit the
White Sulphur Springb."

Thi Salt Sulphur Iodins Spriko has attracted
increased attention the last fe^^r years, and a recent
analysis of its waters by Dr« David Btuart, of
Baltimore, gives a sanction to medical anticipa-
tions as to its peculiar virtues and appropriate
applicability. The following are the results of
Dr. S.'sohemioalinvestigations: —

lODIKE BPRma

One wine gallon of the water contains : —

Solphimtted hydrogen 10-19 coble inch«t

Carbonin add Uii» "

^xy0^^ ************* *********** ••••■*••* ••«■••■•••••••• uutxo*

AauOffBu********* •«•••«• •**••••**• •••••*••«*■«*•**•** •fvVw ■ V ,„,»

Total gaseoas contenta ^....i ^fUtH **

f.--^

208

mNBIUL WATXBS OV VISQINIA.

BOLTO COHTBSTS OV 09B OAUiOH.

Polphale of magnesia » 20*00 gnins.

Sulphate of soda » » -. 24*00 " ,

Carbonate of lime 88*00 "

Carbonate of magneda^ 0700 "

Chloride of magnesium » 00*28 "

Chloride of sodium 01*28 "

Chloride of caldum » .00*S6 "

Silidcacid ~ 01*7d " "

Caibonate of potash .02*88 "

Carbonate of soda ^....10*80 "

Sulphate of lime ~ 68*00 "

Iodine „ ».. 00*98 "

Brcnalne 00*65 "

Sesqui-oxide of iron ., 01*06 "

Alumina 00*18 V

Phosphate of soda and lithia ^..... 00*78 "

Total solid contents....,...*^..,..- 172*48 "

specific gravity, 1002*7 — reaction alkaline.
Temperature 64*76 to 65-50 Fahrenheit.

This analysii presents this' water as an interest-
ing and somewhat peculiar medical agent, differ-
ing in some respects ■ from any of the sulphur
springs in this region. ,

The discoveiT- of wxUne in this wa4»r, some
tireWe years ago, hy Professor Bogers, has led to
ito successful use in various disorders for which
that artida is known to he a reliahle remedy. In
adcyillon to the diseases idready mentioned for
which the 8aU Su^ur .froper is advised, the
Iodine Spring will he found especially servicrahle

msm

^ immKSm.- ' Si ttUk

BID SOLPHVB SntXHOS.

■OOgnina.
•00 "

in the various ^andtdar affedLionty mercurial
rheumatisms, secondary syphilis, enlargements of
the spleen, hepatic disease, mesenteric obstruc-
tions, and chronic exanthemata.

CHAPTER X.

•48 ••
alkaline.

I interesi-

at, difier-

sulphur

ber, some
las led to
for which
ledy. In
ioned for
ised, the
irrioeaUe

BED SUIiPHUB BFBmOS.

iSittfotiim and Imprimmi»ni»—Analiiim-~AdapMion to Diaeatai,
«te.—NaB Binar WkUe Sutphwr Bpring^—Blue Sulphur Bpring.

Thb Bed Sulphur Springs are in the southern
portion of the County of Monroe, forty-two miles
south from the White Sulphur. They are distant
seventeen miles from the Salt, thirty-nine miles
from the Sweet, and thirty-two miles from the
Blue Sulphur.

. These springs have been known and distin-
guished as a watering place f6r more than fifty
ywrs. The improrements at the place wre
extensiye and well-designed, combining eleganee
with comfort, and are sufficient for the accommo-
dation of three hundred and fifty persons.
18»

810

uunnuL WAimts or vniotNu.

The water of the spring is clear and cool, its
temperature being 54° Fahrenheit.

The following is Professor Bogors''s analysis of
the water of this spring :

"OAOCOUS COSTEinni nr as tllFBBIAI< oaij<ok.

Solphuntted hydrogen 4*54 caUc indue.

Carbonic add 875 "

Nitrogen 4-2B "

" BoUd wntenJta of thirty-two cubic inches of
water, gr. 1*25, consisting of sulphate of soda,
lime and magnesia, carbonate of lime and muriate
of soda.

" Besides these ingredients, the water contains,
in considerable quantity, a peculiar organic sub-
stance, which, mingled with sulphur, is deposited
on the sides of the spring, and seems to increase
by a species of organic growth."

Mr. Augustus A. Hayes, of Boxhury, Massa-
chusetts, hte also analysed this water, and
a{>parently with great care; The following are
the results of Ms chemical examinations :

"60,000 grains (about seven pints) of this
water afforded by slow evaporation in air at 800°
F., a light yellowish-brown matteri which, after
it had been carefully dried, weighed M 66-100
gri. At the temperature of 240° F.> this residue
heoomes changed, and Buffers a lossof wei|;ht,
being rediK»d to 17*56 grs. •

wmm

wmM

tXb BOLPVnVi SPBINOS.

211

id cool, its
analysis of

OtLOH.

bdc inches.

inches of
9 of soda,
,nd muriate

ir contains,
rganio sub-
8 deposited
to increaae

iry, Mtmar
vater, and
lowing are
is:

i) of this
ftir lit 200°
bioh, «fter
1» 66-100
hiszandiie
of wei|;bt,

" This residue contains tho saline part of the
water, and is composed of—

Sflidoos earthy mktter, oonUining traces of oxide of

iron and alumfaia, probably suspended merdy......0'70

Sulphate of soda in a diy state .-. 8'5S

which Ibnns with the water SOS^pu Olanber's salts.

Sulphate of lime,.....»....... 0*47

Carbonate of lime „^ 4*80

difisolved in carbonic add
Carbonate of magnesia » .4-13

dissolred in carbmiic add, and forming the 'fluid

magneda.'
A pecnliar snbstanoe, eontafaiing solphor oxmUned

with oigaoio matter ~......m....7-30

SO-55

*' There are traces of chlorine, or muriatic
acid, in some specimens, but at most only 0*03 of
chloride of silrer could he separated from 10,000
grs. of water. This substance is rarely absent
from natural waters, which have penetrated the
earth.

" The peculiar sulphur compound which fonu
a part of the saline contents of this water has
never been described, if it has ever before bflm
met with. While in the natural state, and out of
oonlaotwilh atmospheric air, it is dissolved in
the wi^r> aud tamoM a permanent solnttmi. Air,
adds, and other agents separate it from the water,
in the fbmt of « jelly, and alkaline carbonate(r,
alkalies j wvtnr, and other agents redissolve it.
It haa no add ihction on test ^ids, but bMrs that

i jl i liaiiiiiM iii

i^'

»t2

MnnUUIi WAXBBS OV TISOINIA.

character with bases, and forms compoonds
analagous to salts. In its decomposition, am-
monia is formed, and hydro-sulphuric acid is
liberated ; or if heat be employed in the experi-
ment, sulphur is separated. It combines with
the oxide of silver, and forms a salt of a reddish-
purple color, in the form of a flocculent precipitate,
which dissolves in pare water ; with the oxide of
lead, a yellowish-white powder ; and ^i^h the
oxide of copper, a pale-blue salt in fine powder.
In these compounds it remains unaltered, and
may be separated from them and transferred to
other bases.

"Mixed with a small quantity of water, and
exposed to the temperature of 80° F., it decom-
poses, and emits a most pffeufive odor of putre-
fying" animal matter, with hydro-sulphuric acid
gas. It is to this property that the hydro-
sulphuric acid in the water is due, and to the
oxidation of i| part of this compound most of the
sulphuric acid found in the water mtty be refbrred."

Mrw Hayes remarks, Uiat << Chemical experl-
.men^do not show the medicinal properties of the
substances operated on. But when a substanee,
the «esult of delicately balanced affinities^ gives
in its decomposition an a^^nt of powerful action
on the animal system, we may conclude jbhat it is
an active ingredient, if found in a water pcMMi«i
of high curative powers. I am disposed,. ilNire-
fore, to consider the sulphur oompoui&d in this

iiHli

BRD sutfuuR antorcMi.

21S

compoonds
rition, ftm-
ic acid is
the experi-
bines with
a reddish-
pveeipitate,
be oxide of
i with the
Ine powder.
Itered, and
.nsferred to

water, and
,, it decom-
)r of putre-
pfanrio acid
the hydro-
and to the
most of the
erefbrred."
cal experi-
jrtiei of the
, anhatanee,
titiet, gives
itM action
le fbhat it is

Med^ iliMUre-
ind in this

water as the principal medicinal agent contained
in it ; although its action in combination with the
other constituents may be necessary to produce
the effects for which this water is so justly cele-
brated.

"The following results give in one view the
composition of this water : —

"Oaseous contents of a gallon, or 231 cubic
inches of the Bed Sulphur Spring water —

Owlmiic add 6-760

Nitrogen........ ,, „..;... c-Qis

Oi^ien... xini

HydKHnilplnitfc add..... 0107

14-M4

"50,000 grs. (nearly seven pints) of this water
contain dissolved as gases, (grain measure)—

Carbonie add.-.. ....»1946

mtiN)gai...MMUw ».......M « „... 1407

Cktatai:

lOfl

0068

((

60,000 grs. of this water ^ord of—

raidaaaaad aart^maMir.. ...t........... 0-70

Salidii^irf' Ibae.... 47

Oaiiioiute of IbM. 4-80

•OuinBateof magmria » 4'18

dal|dnir'eaaiiKNiiid.~...........»M...........i ............ 7-00

Oaibobk add.

»«•#••«••••••••••••••«•••*■•••••••••••••••• ••••••

9-71

»io

314

MnnnuL wAtam ot vnumtu.

Mr. Hayei, from chemioal «xaiiiinatiotis, comes
to th«rconcluBion that the red color of the matter,
which is deposited on the slabs, etc., etc., is that
of moss or lichen, which finds its habitat in the
viscid covering produced by the deposition of the
snlphnr compound.

The peculiar and distinguishing reputation of
this water, as a medicinal agent, is for diseaaes of
the 'thoracic viscera, and, by seme, it has been
considered remedial in confirmed tubercular con-
sumption. Dissenting entirely from this high
olaila for the water as a remedy in oot^hmed conr
awi^pUon, my observations for many years enable
me to aw^rd to it decided efficacy in many cases of
irrinaim of the pulmonary ^wgans.* In sym-
pathetic or translated affections of the lungs,
whether that state be occasioned from disease of
the digestive or chylopoietic viscera, or be depen-
dent upon the retrocession of some habitual dis-
charge, the water deserves to be regarded as a
valuable remedy.

•Inrawoikiust iMoed ftdm Ito PMladiiiplilit praw, wtMed
" Tht JCMtnto^" oor volume to tt/feinAto Si ■hpwing; tbut tbie
wstte aim " cm^kmti oMwump<Jm." We need sceice^ My to
cor GuelblnadarBtluit it la • mJWtdketdMctfbe Mcih aao^takm
tof u; sadthatwenerttr 'bMot^M^i0A «hil Oiikflr «qr otiier
ni^ilini^ water dwdd be ze|paded m "eottnf '^ Ibsti m ▼•
beliere, incnnUe aQactimi. ' We an Mtiafled tliet the wnur <m
the pert of tlte •athor of "Tiw MoimtiAi'' wm eodnly uoJn-
teotionsL

liiiiijMjiMiiiiliiii

BID suLnnni inmras.

216

iobi, comeB
bhe matter,
Btc., is that
bitat in the
lition of the

Bpatation of
r diwaaM of
t has been
ercolar con-
i thU high
i^irmed oonr
rean enable
tany cases of
" In sym-
the longs,
m disease of
>r be d^pen-
labitaal dis-
garded as a

lapraM, entitled
Knriag^ t^ this

MchMi«|teion

l"' ttst, M we
•t the «nv on

Dr. John Bell,* in treating <^ the therapeutics
of mineral waters, remarks that, "Sulphurons
waters have beAi piaoh landed in what are vaguely
called eftrofMc difeasef <^ tke chettf and in which
hare been included, not only pulmonary catarrh
and bronchitis, but also pneumonia, pleurisy,
asthma and phthisis itself. We may simplify the
subject by fizing>onr attention on the chief patho-
logical element in these different diseases, to
whioh-our therapeutics, under the circumstances,
should be directed. This is the chronic irritation
and in&unmation of the bronchial mucous mem-
brane, in which mainly, if not solely, the medi-
cation of these waters will be found serriceable in
pectoral diseases. By restoring or moderating
when excessive, and otherwise modifying ita
secretions, we may hope to remove simple bron-
chitis itself, and to mitigate asthma and chronic
pneumonia, congestion, and phthisis, in a certain
stage of aU of which ^sea ses thwe is often a
symptomatio or secondary bronchitis. On the
lungs proper, in the morbid changM to which they
are . snlgeeted by chronic hepartisation or bj
tttbercnlav deposit, sulphurous waters not only
fail to exert any sanative or 0(mtroUing influence,
but they prove absolutely deleterious ; and in
confirmed phthisis, and even in incipient stage.

•MbMBtl and Tberaisl Bpilagt of tbe United States sad
Canadft.

116

uamAL WATiBi or yiboinia.

when Moompanied with febrile irritation, they
accelerate the march of the disease.

*' It has been contended, that when svch waters
are serviceable in pectoral affections, their salutary
iffects are obtained by rerulsiye action ; determina-
■ tioa to the skin, and increase of its perspiratory
fancUon, as well as diverting the fluids from the
centre to the periphery. Such vesults are more
likely to follow the use of thermal sulphurous
waters, and still more readily and completely if
they be employed at the same time as a bath.
But, while admitting this view, which to a consid-
erable extent is the correct one, it ought not to be
recoived to thu exclusion of a belief in the directly
expectorant operation of sulphurous waters. M
eminently diffusible and reaching all membraneous
tissues, so as to be compared to mercury itself,
we cannot, witnessing the strong action of this
femedy on the secretions of the skin,- deny to it
those of the i&ucous membranes, which Unes the
air passages.

"Wem»y,I think,explain by these two functbnal
lotions of expectoration and perspiration, under
the use <^ moderate dotes of the milder sulphur
waters, ^e diminished frequenoy of the pulse and
th^ aiNitemettt of ^brile excitement, which havo
caused some of them to be regarded as sedatives,
oMiongh in fact, these are but secondary or
iadiireot reSiults; foquences, at least of previous
excitement. This order of succession of morbid

j ii iiiiMiiii iiii

wn mtvmoi » ^*m.

21T

tation, they

gticli waters
leir salutary
; determina-
perspiratory
Is from the
ts are more

sulphurous
ompletely if

as a hath,
to a consid-
;ht not to he
the directly
iraters. ^s
emhraneons
rcuxy itself,
ition of this
f deny to it
oh lines the

rofunotional
ktion> under
ider sulphur
lepttlaeand
which havd
Misedatiyes,
tcdndary or
of previous
I of morhid

phenomena is not unusual after the use of admitted
stimulants in th« class of purgatives and diuretics,
as well as when other diaphoretics and expecto-
rants hesides the sulphurous are administered."
This summary of the applicability and mothu
optranduot sulphurow waters in pectoral i^bo-
tions, accords so entirip with my own obserrationt
and judgment, tha#l insert it inth the foil
concurrence of my approbation.

The late Dr. Hnntt of Washington, itf hit
pamphlet on tb« Red Sulphur, remarks, that
"on examining the visitors laboring Under pul-
monary* diaMse^ I obserfed that all tlioee patients
who drank the water so as to ao« freelf ott the
bowels, for any length of time/fid not improve
in their health, bebattii»actiV« purging is not
proper for the lungs la this ^disease. The watir
must be divnk in such qmuititics as to 4ot fteely
on tii« kidneys. There seems to be an intimate
assooiatloir balweeft tiie lungs an^ the k^nsys, j
and the kidn^ seem to be the great eliiittaelories
by whieh^hs lungs att retteved in im^tnOattfiwrf
diseases, ^^us ideahas been t^esAidly sn g |ei ttid
to me in my ttttendanoe on pittients bkbotittg^
under tbia diseass. On i*fttkiaf into th^
condition, 41i^bavs|l»q«en%^i^ «f Ib^tetraii
better to-d^; I b««ftts#«^aHMf o(^i£(»iis^ii^i»f
urine^^^hkh has aflb«^d«sie great relief.^ 1%it
vi^ of ^e eontteeti«n fettmen tha lungs a»d^ tit*
kulneya bus b«6» eimftmied by witneMtof^tki

St8

MiMMAfc wiiam m vntuiu.

dhiffvtio effBOti of the Bed Sulphur water in pul-
mmmtf- diieMee. I have a friend, who ii a
phyiioian, and who has labored more or less,
under polttonary disease for twenty years. He
informed me that whenerer his longs were dis-
turbed by irritation he always resorted to 'oooling
dinretie medioiaes for relief.'

<* There wwe but few persons laboring under
the third or last stage of tnberonlous disease, who
■dsitedthe Bed Sulphur thisr season, and among
those fow» theipe was scacoely a case that derived
any advantage from tha use of the water. When
( tttl^lESfdoisc disease arrives at this stagot and the
' eonstfttttiojy is broken down, it is not only Mselsff
but emer to kendtbe pmtient to the Bed Sulphur.
l«riia6rrjtofli^,that sevfral of my patients in
^s condition, by my adviee, visited the Bed
Sulphur this season, and I witnessed the bad
effisots of the water in their oases, as well as in
the oase* of otliere of a iimUac ehaxaeti^., ^ey
w«re lowing under tiiat peenliar irritation, and
pitflui|» tOeeration, of thebewela, ao oommon i^
t9uel|aee<^ the disease. Thsy ifore uoalde lo
tMiiii tel m email qma^M the water^ aad#lie
mm^tm^ yimh H^ tht^bowela veie pntged^ad
ipdpid; fit ..mimi^om; oC i^ UcMi^a ^M ik^
inetetied, andtiie patie»»g»w.worfed»|ly»
r>il^!S^ Bed Sulj^hur . iiaft/ been ioonfidered
ppeeuUacly a^H^d to tha eare of pidqiMHUi^y
VdisMMpii^Mid It it true thai ithaaA most ben^Uitil

^^'IM mnmm wnam.

ker in pnl-
who is a
re or l«u,
r«ftrs. He
were di»>
^'eooUng

ing under
WMe, who
od Among
at derived
IT. When
Bi and the
nly «eeleif
I Balphnr.
patient! in
I the Bed
I the bed
nell M in

taHoBrmd
jonunoa in
i noa)d» Id
)r, aa&xthe

HiS^* --■ ■ ■
iOitinfidwrsd

inflaence in moet OMee of this dieeaee ; bnt lU
good effeote eqnall j extend to all oasei of ■nhacnte
inflammation, whether seated in the tt^ach,
liver, epleen, intestinee, kidnefs, bladder, and
mott particttlnrlyln the mnoensjnAinlH'Mie.

" It is also used with ^gooS e#ebts in ohronic
bowel complaints, leneorrh<aa, gleet, catarrh of
the bladder, and in some forms of uterine
derangement.

" Many persons arrive at the Red Bnlphnr, who
are not prepared to nse the water, in oonseqvenoa
of high inflnmmation, or oongestion of the lange,
or other organs, attended with pain in the sHe,
constriotiion at the breast, or hot and restiess
nights, with a qnick, shiirp pnlse ; all saoh eases
must have the vtsseular exdtement snbdmd
before ^e water can be taken with any adntn^
tage."

Bs the following dirootions ibr the

Dr;
nse of tiie nmter

** If tlie system should he too plethorie, or .too
mtieli' eaceited, the use of the water liieuld he-
postfoned nnti^ the exdtement lAiidl he redneed
to n pte|«r elatoi Oomntenee by takii^ <mm0tm
of wii|«r#t he^iue^ «wl one bef^pt taraakfisil?;
afteNi%wdagrs> tain two § kwass aih»d4lBiie» nad
two bsfiw* htsaddlM, «no«l It #*<^^ ^;j|.y«nd
eiftnl#^ii^iiiiv^iiaaii«|»^ wttt^l^evattf ^fitate

Monouii

Off vntmiA.

frodij OB the bowolt ; if it ihonld £iil to produce
ihii olfeot, ft little commou mII, nwgiiMia, or
oroftm of tartar mftf be added. If it ia deiired to
aot on the kidneji, inereaae the qaantitj of
water to three or four glaaeee between a light
topper and bed-timOi and the same quantity
between daylight in the morning and breakfiut-
time, two glasMi at noon, and one or two glanei
about 6 o'olook p. m., taking oare to exeroiie
finely after drinking. The moei proper periodi
fyt iMing the If ater are, at night before bed tine,
and in the morning before WeakiiMt-time.''

t>r. B. Ohrisman, a well qoalified phynoian,
and &Torably known to muiy liiitori to the Bed
Salphur, and who onoe resided there ae a medieal
a«lf leer during the waiei^iig eeaeont, haa, in
naponae to my request, i^niahed the following
statement of Bis obserrationB of the use of these
waters during the season of 1867-4S8 : —
. *'When I iliiit went to the Bed Snlphur to
|H«etioemy profi|Ssbn,I had but pow hopes <tf
realiring any oeofirmed proof oi its really
tttUiable heplii^ powers. I silentiiy observed its
eSseta upon i^Uaa irfUeted with Imyitgitii,
j^im0fkk, IracMii, t^gHmia and fMM$ in
mMa^ «f iHkdt phases. Same were bad oafMs, witik
BJ^t'Sweats, emanation, diarrhoea, heetio aoerba-
tionsy obstiiauite oonghs, profoso expectoration^
with goneriil delnlilEy and. rapid feeble pidse. In
seraiil oaasK X saw notoh aiiwmdm«ftt from, the

produce
piMi*, or
deiired to
antitj of
R ft light
quantity
breftk&it-
ro gl«net
i exeroiM
ar periodi
^bed iim«i
le,"

phynman,
» th»Bed
• modioli
, hwk, in
following

of thOM

Blphur to
hope! of
Its roilly
Mrved it0
1arf»git4$t

IMWt^witili

bioMorba-

ictoration^

pidse. In

&iom. Ik*

BB» ivunBOK sranrdt.

221

nM6f the water* as lurprised me; oonBeqiientljr,
my opinion aa to its efficacy underwent a revolu-
tion, and 1 now regard the Red Sulphur as a
medicinal Meooa, w ortj^y the pilgrimage of tho
consumptive, who can couTeniently mak? it ; for
to such, it affords not only comfort, hut solid
hope, except in the last and worst stages of the
disease.

" I was invited to examine the lungs of one of
my acquaintances. Upon percussing the chest, I
found flati^ess, positive dullness of sound over one
entire lung. Auscultation evinced scarce any
vesicular murmur, and very little air entered that
lung ; hectic twice daily, pulse about one hundred,
sometimes more frequent ; complexion very sallow,
etc. What was I oonsoientiously to do? I
thought death to be likely approachlag. 8)iottld
I advise an immediate trip homeward to a distant
Southern State, in the hot weather ? I determined
to trust to Providence and the waters; and in a
short time I saw this person so far recovered as to
run down a long embankment like a c^ild, and to
laugh until the area around res<mnded to the
peals.

" In andther case which I examined, {be physi-
cal signs were dullness on percussion fr<m apek to
the o^tre of tl^e lung, scarcely any vesicular
murmur; prolonged respiration and blowiuf^
sound; cavernous inspiration and peehrHoque at
one point, k diagnosed a large dry cavity ; feisbk^

■A*.^

•h\

K/'

MINCBiL WATIB» OF YnUONIA.

pale^ emaciated; pillBe above a hundred, 6%me-
tiraesebe hundred and twenty, vomiting m^Sk,
hectic daily; night-sweats, diarrhcea, and hnma-
toria. What was I then to do? I could not
advise her to return to her home to die ; the water
afforded a better hope. In ten days this lady was
talcing healthful walks, and soon, good-Samaritan-
like, she was visiting the sick, dispensing such
cheer and comfort as few conld give.

"I found much benefit from the soothing,
effects of the wliter in netiralgia, in the kytt«rQi4
oiffiBctions as well M in nervous paSpitatiQns of ^e
heart, etc. Its influence upon the pulB» was <^n
noticed. One gentleman assured me of a&ll of
sixteen beats in the piiinte; uid in another
itistaiioe, i heardof twenty*-five4 hut I am induced
to believe thftt it is only gradttatlv and by tbw
dosfreef that it e&ets a f eduction of tfa0 pulMi

"You desire, doubtless, to know in whAt
diseases this water is adequate to a p»^«et owns.
I think in cases of c&rpmo ii^kmmi^um oi wfh
gresff^ i/ ih$ mvcoM mr/aeet bf thejhxoat, lan|^,
stomal* bowels, and genito-ariaory os^ns.

**Tkroat diaaue.—I can report four or five coMs
xrwre^. Onci, «t |^tt4eiti*& a|$ed sixty, witli^heetic
fittibes, bod cough, ^cpeotoraftioii of vis^ mi^ens,
pulse often a hundred ; remainad four .'weeks at
the •fttiugSt'-'^iMiirely well.

" Second. A young gentllman who hod a
oengb, emadatioB, <»Ep0ot(Mi»tiQB of tisoid mucus,

BID eUlVEOU SFBIHQS.

S23

red, 6^me-
Dg m^i^,
nd hnma-
CQuld not
the water

■ hAy was
iiatQaritaa-
iising raoli

) soothing .
a kyttemH
Iqbs (^ ^e
9 was <^n
>f a fall of
in another
im iuduoed
nd % sbw
pvlse^

■ in what
^(Bei ewe.
lcQ» or «^
»at,laDfi,

t^ttS.: , ,-

>rfiTe«lllws
witiii^eetic
i^mibens,
r weeks «t

irho hiMi A
Boldmnsiks,

etc.; stayed a fortnight. I hare seen him since, — >
quite well.

"A gentleman, Arom reading alond, had cough,
swelling of the throat in a slight degree, expecto-
ration , debility, etc.; duration of the disease, -six
or eight months ; reports himself well. I might
say the same of several others similarly affected.

"BronchUia. — A lady, duration of disease one
year, cough, nigh^weats, emooiatkm, loss of odor
and streogtii, congestion of the fauces, mtieons
ntW sHghiljr at the top of the left lung, no
dullness, h»morrfaage slight and occasional ; /
reported ^nite well.

''Another case. — ^Duration four yeaf s, occasional
slight hamqrrhage, no dullness on peroussion,
scarcely any rales, vesieuUur murmur beard oyer
the eh^ generally, palpitations ,of the heart,
dehil%, diarrhoea, rapid pulse; reported mueh
improved.

"Third case. — ^A young gentleman of PhtUi-
delphii^ from exposure to cold hadahsBmorrhage,
hei^h Mimakied bad, and was # source of
uneasittfliB to bis friends. He eame to theJIed
Sulphur, remained awhile, and was mneh
benefited; he has gained flesh and strength, and
win retanm to qpend this wiofter by wi^ «f
protootton against a relapse.

" I saw one case of chronic diarrhcea entire^
cured.

" Two ca$es of ricariovs ksBm<Mnrbage from the

MnaauL watmbb oy vueiRiA.

langf : one very frequent and profuse, the other
slight^ and occasional, (with derangement of
stomach and bowels,) dependent, as I coaoeiTed,
upon uterine derangement; one was cured, .the
other reliered."

NBW RiyZR WHTTB SULPHUR 8PRINQS.

Tliis name is given to a recently improved
•ulphur spring on New river, in the Gonnty of
Giles, a few miles Southwest from the Bed
Sulphur. This properly has been imi»oved
within the last five or six years, for the «»ier-
tainment of visitors.

The watera of this ..fountain have not been
analysed, but they belong, to the great Sulphur
claM» 90 abundantly found in that geoldgieal
region, and» doubtleas, will prove valuable in such
oases as are usually successfully treated hy mM
Snlphlir wiMen^

Their «ituatioB i» in a wild, romuitio and
interesting monatain r^on, affording fine fteiii-
tie* for the sportsman in the «aras«gneiitt of
h^ntUis Mid fiahttig. They are in the immediate
n««hborfaoed of the eeldtvated <Sbft I^mdi an
ifiieieeting n»tQ«*l euriosity itself, and where
surrounding mountain heighto afford the most
Mctan^ve wad imposing mountain scenery in
America.

These %rings may be reached by stage or

m&m

^mm

, the other

gement of

ooBceiyed,

cured, .the

improved

Ck>iintjr of

I the Bed

imi«0Ted

the mter-

Dot Been
%t Sulphur

geological
ble imuch
d hy mild

antic and
Me ftdii.
nnfliitt of
imffiediate

JPoitdi an
md where

the most
cener J in

•ti^ or

'-J
>>

mmm^

nni MiuMivft ffinra.

SS6

privaite oonvii^Mioe from tlie Virginia rad
TenMMee Battroad, at Ne#lMni or CKrittianibarg,
or fro|» ^e B«d, Shit, or Montgomery White
Snlphatr Sjpringe.

% ' TBit-WtXn BULVUUK SPBINO.

Tir^i|^»llwecf Jttiki^iPMt from the White Sid^
ph«r, ii^ 4to a^vvfil Teeffif well improred and
pop«kr#»t^g place, hat beett diieojatinned ae
•neh.^ SMven^ yean hefivre the war it* ekgant
huiU^ifl «w».j|pft«ipriat«4 to tha me of a Bap-
tirt Oidttilt; aAd ib^«« tiM ««r, they were att
htirmid,:'': . * . .,

Thf water $( tihii |pi4i% ii tpi|r good; partikinf
of ]^ li^lli^ 4«mii^^ the leading nO-
^Jliliplj^a. -Wh«ivthe%ring
inter|iprliidip|r4u^n^i>^tie hoped
it s^#; ihiii mMi^^riSkmUmr he hiouc^
agaihill^ pe(||t|||MMi»

''<<^aatat3S

lOHlRAL WAVidS Of VIRSIHIA.

CHAPTBB XI.

SWBBT SPRIK08.
a»mU$muii4 Built Bbtktit'mFmimtmA I^mmi Impn m mn tt
a Beterogt, onA a$ a JBoOl, do^ de.

TBI Sweet-fiprings are ntnated in ft diftnniag
▼•Mey iiiilieeiMtera ^trwmHj of IfonvcwOottnty.
^0f *>9 geTenteen inikff MmthMhSt ffem the
White Sulphur, and twenty-two east htm the
QaltSttlphar. ,

Theie springe were 4i«e^red in 1?84, b^fjweany
of tb*^ oth<Hr miiMral inters i^ this eeeUon of the
State were known. In,17t4> thej had atirfteted
«o .inneh .attenti«ni, at io^^ 'be analysed l^]|liihop
Madiison, then President of WilBan and li#^
College. .

The heautiM Ti^ley, in whidi the spting it
situated, 48 about ire mites in Inngth, an<lleom
one-lmlf to^^three-fonrllMi of a Bftile in wMMtli> and
is bptittded on the south 1^ the Io%Sii«etr8^iig
Ifoiiiii^n, iind da the north by tite i^Usi^Mniy.
The spring and bath are sitiskted in the Jlcnirer
end «f a ranall hoUow or Tdiley, that dsdMb out
from Us base of tfaeJlhreet%ring 3£oiiii^ltt>*frw^
whioh the ground gradual^ sirdls on 9itilM tide.

IWBKr svEUias.

227

V -tM^INVIillMIHI

A chMmiag
tim Oottnty.
i &om the

it from Ae

sUon of the
lid »tiriiA«d

e fl^iig ii
I, «tc|j|rom
( wi#l^ wad

t the )oirer

^'.'dutlMl out
iiitiltt^'froi&
«iib^tide.

Contiguous to the spring is a grove of a few old
natives of the forest, that have fortunately escaped
the axe of the spoiler, which, together with a fine
sodding of grass, give the means of a pleasant
promenade in good weather.

The earlier improvements of tiie place were of
a rude but comfortable character ; they have now,
for the. most part, gives way to buildin^i of »
high order of arofaitectnral merit, and attractive
in every respect. The accommodations at present
are ample for mm or awen hwndred persons, and it
is the iateutioa of the proiurietor loon to ealsirge
them iu the same style to doable the.exieliaff
capacity.

The Batking^howe is a large, tastefinl, atid
elegant structure ; and the separate I'eservbirs, for
the use of ladies and gentlemen, are of ample siaOi
and admirably arrant^ to give every oomfbrt to
thebai^era.

The temperature (Bell) of the Sweet Spring if
73^ Fah^, the same as that whioh, in fiag^nd^ by
a s^ingil btuuddr, is called Bristol Hot Well.
Th«re is eonsldeirable rosemblAnee between the
tvote other fcipeets, as well in the evokiUea.of
carbS^ acid, as in the eartbf aivililiae metlere
heliiik#lutldii. In «ie Vlr j||iiji ^Hn j, ho#ef er,
iron,iae:lieaa detected i wh«i«ai the Bristdl Hot.
Wen baa none ia its eompoiitioii.

188

mxiBAL WAins or ynamk.

B/the MftlyiM of Bowelk, one quart of the
BweeiSpring water oOnteini :—

BaUiM rabttanoM In gaunl......~...... 19 to 18 gnfau.

But^ mlMttiioM^..............^^....^. .i«........18 to M **

The lAline snhitanoee are snlphate oi magnema,
muriate of loda, and mnriate of lime, with a little
Milphate of lime. The earthj matter ooniiitoof
sulphate of lime, a small portion of earhonate of
mi^esia and Ume, with a small portion of i^li-
dons earth. -

Professor Willism B. Bogers, late ^ theXTni-
tersitjr oCTirgi^fa, in the eonrse of his gediogioal
sonrey of the State, analysed the waters of the
Sweet Spring, with ^e,foUowipg results ;->
. Ist, Solid matter j^oured hy evaporation from
onel^iindred cut>io inehes, 82*67.

: A portion of this is ooml^ned with wator.

2cl. Quanti^ of eaoh solid ingredient, e^tlEttated
as perfecUy free from water, in one hund^ onhic
inches :«*- .

Bii}|iiiat|i of Ubm ~..».
ftaj^hat* of nwgiMiU,
fidiflM^ofaoda

••••••««•«••«*«••••«••«••••«•••••••••'

:„...».......,.. ...... S-TQt

4-0C7
vt4a

»♦•#•»»—>—»•»»«•■•«••» —WOO i«o— o»o '

OUprid«of

CUocide of edofaaa..................

PmnkxIm of iMMk ((wMiukndd6}<«.».M ....»••«...»

W rt tW y PlWIIWStO «.M.»IM.MM«.«..MMn....M M.UMktBMM

OAriioole Mid .

8WSR wBixas.

s»

8d. Yolnme of oaoh of the goses eontoined in •
free, state in one hundred cubio inchei of the
water :—

GftrtKniic AnfL*««*«*w*«**««««»*«***4«**«*»« ••••••••••••••••••••••vc it

Nittogm ...«.«...♦«••••••••••••••••••••• i...«.«»«^«»« w 1 W

Oxygen - •• *>»«*

Snlphnretted lijdf o g w, » traee, too mall to be wmmtni.

4th. Composition of one hundred cubic inohea of
the mixed gases rising in Bubbles in the spring :—

.-n-7

The fikii»f diytingnishing feature of this water ia
the predomiiMnee of the carbonic acid (ftzed air)
which it contains, and it is properly regarded «i
the best example of the acidulous waters that is
found in our country.

Few tniner&l waters have acquired such fiwhion-
able and well-merited celebrity as the Sweet
Springs. The name is calculated to ofmrey
erroneous impressions of their taste, whidb^ is like
a solution of a smaU quantity of a catoareons or
magnesian carbonate. The excess pf ^rbmiic
acid gives j howevier; the water a bridcness, pro*
dnctire eC% very di^ent elBfoot on the pi^te
from w^al an imperfect mixtura of the earths
woi^ produce.

Tlie first «f(Bet» of thk water, due to its tempera-
ture and gaseons eont^nia, jM^hett dntnlc, «fe aM:
ingof warmth at thie etoqilMshf witii a aensa^n of
fnllnestof the head, and some e^dincsi. Tatcen at

iimrti>«i<in>iiiii«iitiiT

MornuL WAxiitf or vxiouriA.

■toted intorVali in moderate quantitj, it will pro-
daee • moieture on the skin, and increase the flow
of arii^e. If the etomaoh be in a good stote, it gives
additional appetite^ and imparts fresh vigor to
the system. Its operations on the bowels rty at
first ; but, after a more protracted use, it will
generally be found to increase a oostire habit.

The Sweet Spring. water is senrioeahlo in ihe
varieties of dyspepsia accompanied by gastrodynia
or spasm> with pains occurring at irregular
intervals, and heart-burn, where the extremities
are oold and the skin torpid. In secondary
debility of the digestive canal, from the exhausting
iHMts of summer, or in chronic diarrhcea and
dysentery, without fever, or not snstoined by
hepatic inflammation, inucH good will be produced
, by the Jnternal use of these wateN.

If much gastric irritotion, or evident phlogofis
of the liver be present, with a parched skin and
other, phenomena of fever, it will be V tter to
premisisone er two small bleedings, ibUQWod by
tiie uae of a blue pill at night, and a tnmblcf ful
or iwQ.of the water. tQ which has been added a.
teai^oqnfol of Epsom salte, or twice the quantity
of Cloned magnesia, early in the morning.
> The harassing cough to which young persons
are (kWM$onaUy subject^ and which often has ito
origin in an e nftehled state of tiie stomach, or in
scrofulous iwbito from the enlargement of the
bronchial gl^itda, as also the tmii JtmnmUm of

" «»«WjiKl)W'

twill pro-
«e the flow
lie, it gives
b vigor to
ele vary et
se, it will
habit,
bio in ibe
mtrodynia
irregular
iztremities
aeoondaty
)«baiiitiDg
rrhflMi and
itained by
iprodnood

phlogofie
I nUnand

better to
llowed by
amblcf fnl
a added n
».qnaniity

g periont
mhmt its
lob, or in
it.of tbe

IWmirKINCM.

281

old people, will all be materially benefited by
the uto of thete waters. ' The relief afforded in
such oases as these has usually given Bristol Hot
Well its reputation in the core of pulmonary
consumption.

Females who have become enervated by long
confinement, or from nursing their children, and
whose constitutions have 'suffered for want of
exercise and fresh air; will be greatly benefited
by the use of these waters, internally and at a

In subacute rheumatism, ahit in nelilllgic
attadfii, tbe Sweet Spring bath is often eminvnUy
usdftil. In the closing stages of acute rheumatinn,
the paUent is oftefi harassed, witb a lingering
irritability of bis system wltb tenderness, pain
and inability in the dlscMed joints, sometimei
attended ^rith slight feverishnestf especially
toward the close of the day.

In sitbb caseSi wbile hot or warm batbing wdflAd
be itf|nrioni, tbe baths of the Sweet or ^iNreet
Springs ibay be resetted to witb the belt ^fi^scti.
The me of the tpowtt \n snob cases is raluibie,
by placing the diseftsed part under the filling
water, ind allowing it to i^eoeive the dash for

a iibort time*

A very eAcadous way of applying this water
to tlie surface is by cfoudto— ithe itream being
directed to the part in whibb the diecttie is
Mituatk^^berever there is " au^enied iieat

^mimm

fei,^8^5»*W**l''3*S'**«<H.'«

S8S

Mnrnui. wahm w timimu.

and fixed pain, m otot tti« itomaoh, or li?er, or
abdomon genemlly, above the pnbUi, or on the
loini and Mwram ; alio to the Joint*, when the
violenoe of inflammation haa not yet inbred,
nor paieed entirely into the chronic state. If ^e
irritation of the stomach forbids the drinking of
the water, ekntoking tho epigastrium would form
a good preparatlre .for its use in this way.
LtuiAaffo, with some OToning feyer, cAIorom or
Jhur oJ^, with heat and pain «t the loins, wonld
be benefited by douching this part.

" As we should hare inferred from the excess
of carbonic acid, and the presence of earthy
carbonates in the water, it is useful in calculous
and nephritic complaints."

The Sweet Spring wkters, internally and ex-
iternaUy employed, are adapted to a. large circle .
of cases. As a tOnic, in cases of pore debility,
they may be used with ^reat confidence, always,
howerer, regarding this as an aphorism, tibat
iheymre eemtrthindieaitd, and ihovid be miUuld «»
ctJI oases Id fffhiok there i§ foeUive vmgettUm «a any
4f like vital cuifam.

The fint sensation on immerdon in the Sweet
flipring bath is a slight shook, which speedily
paesiii off, learing the bather with the most
agrfliiable sensations while he dii^rt* himsdf in
ti& q^kling pod.

The freedcNn and adrantage with whiek tiiis
iHrili kai been med bf aged penona is evidmiw of
ita g<?neral safety.

.j^m^^^mmm

»r li?er, or
or on the
, when the
( inbred,
to. If the
Irinking of
roald form
thii way.
ihloroti* or
una, would

the exoeM

of ettrthf
D oftloalooi

ly and ez-
irge circle
e dehUity,
Ml *lw»ye,
riiBi, ti^t

the Sweet
h ipeediljr
the noit
hioudfin

rhieh thu
nridmictof

In using the beth, ** the chief points to be
attended to are, that the ikin should not be moist
or cold with perspiration, nor that there shall be
general chill, nor the languor that follows
excessire muscular action. The stomach also
should be nearly empty, or, at least, not actively
engaged in its work of digMtion." Many persons
are injudicious in remaining too long in the bath.
From two to ten minutes will erobraoe periods
adapted, to every condition, and only the most
robust should remain in the last mentioned time.
In a large majority of cases, indeed in all cases in
which there is much general debility, from ivfoto
five minutes, according to cironmstanoes, will
embrace the proper periods for remaining in the
bath. It is often advantageous to batlie twice or
thrice a day, and this can be dond safely in all
cases, provided the patient does not remain too
long in the water at any one time.

Dr. Woodville, who resides at the springs, in
a oommunication he has been so kind as to
address to mo, remarks tl|at the therapeu^ action
of "the water is that of a tonie, alterative,
powerful diUretie, and occasional cathartic. From
the union of so many purgative salts, we would
natarally infer its cathartic action to be constant ;
thia^ how9ver, is not always the case, as in
frequent instances the opposite condition is the
resulfc"
. As a loNJOr Ke slates that H is successfully used

¥"■

iiiiiji rni--riinnifci<W^wpfc^,. ■^'^, |iii_n|.iMiW]iniMnij*j iWj«.*tf*^

._..»^U«WHl

234

HiNnuL irAxns m, yiBaoriA.

in oliTomc diseases connected witk delMlitx ; as,
for example, in certain formi of dyspepsia,
amett<^rb<Ba, chorea and hysteria ; in Qhroniodiar^
rhesa and djsenteiy, and in passive hssmorrhage.
In dropsy, Arom its union of tosio and diuretic
qualities, it is eminently useful.

In sterility, especially when connected with
membranous menstruation, it is looked upon
almost as a specific.

In those cases where the use of iron is peculiarly
indioated it aets well. The amount of iron held
in solution is not large, but in the action of
mineral waters upon the animal economy. Dr.
W. properly remarks, the effects are not propor-
tionate to the quantity of any single ingredient.

"In thif matter nature (wems to be somewhat
f^mceopathic, and it may be, that the iron being
belditt perfect solution by means of «n eimMMof
carbonic acid, its full operation is obtained."

Dr. Woodville remarks, ihat in soom forms of
nephritic disease the water is highly beiieficialj
and in caloul<«saSiBctions, 08 we would uatMnally
oetu^Lpde, from an examination of its ooalysif , qo
miflMiral water could proimee greoler beii^«
ObMrvatioB/ Ke remarks, ha* showii ibis to b«
ftf ease in « remarkable degree, as t6mAjj^&mi»i
whtf'iiaTe been once relieyed» «;» in tht\lu^||tf
retatning annually to the eprini^ to pmeoi a
recurrence of their malady. -

In cases of bilious dexfiigeineii^ Dr. W^ mc^

■I fl lYi il 'i iiTiiiiiliaiiliiairtlrlfe

■WMI

>UUtx ; at,

irooiodia^-
»morrltage.
ad diuretic

Boted with
oked upon

ipeenliarlf
' iron htid
atition of
notajf Br.
Mlt propor-
ngredient.
somewhat
iron hetng
L exceM <»f
led."

leforBMof
ttendlcial,
I iBAi^Krolly
DalyiifjDO

*kiftlft Im
pbtwaia

S5'ft's'S.JiS?^SjS?^v5S

.-HitMMrHiMlilias. 236

Biderfl :thikt iV«».|i| ftioinlaiing propejrties, H aaay
oftenjbtf as&d |f».«d^iiat^ tbftt, for iteraoiMi

enervated by ftJ^aDig neiide^ee in wftrm cliin»te»,
mimmfiii w4% can i^odoce b»ppier results.

ft:

CHAPTER XII.

BWESt CDaALTBSA.TB,OR BXP SWWH WBmGB.

Thtir Afuint^^«»»*^ «Ml JbdiehitA AHigiiabm «f»» mm

Osft^uile north of jllio Bweet Springs, on tho
road loading to the White Bnlphm-, and jntfc
within the 4onthern border of Alleghany Oottnt^r,
are the StABwmb Sjprin^t.
> This prop«r^ was originally owne^ Mid im^
proved hf Mr. Philip Bodgers, who f6it mm0
yearn k^pi-tiio old Sweet Springs. J^bost the
year 184&, it beeaine the property of ^ohii Ik
S^psbn, Bst^^'irho oecupied it for sevttiilyeaii
and ftill'lRVthev improved it It then paiMd Into
th^ Iwnda pf H*. C'Pas, fonnwrly o£ Mwiifii^
TenpiMsae^ ir^o» diiriftg the war, sold it to tha
py«mi^ffO||irie|«c> Xr». Kelly.

MnrBRAL wAtmu <m mMoaJi.

. This property, embraeing aboal 1,700- acres of
land, affovdi one of the tnraft prodtictiTe farms in
ilie H^te-r^ yerjr great cooTenienoe to a qtring
establislunent In reference to its sulkies.

The improvements subservient to the ipringsare
sptaeiotts, well-designed and oomfbrtable, and are
sufficient for the accommodation of from three to
fenr hundred pisrsons. Amtmg them are well-
designed and j^adona bathing poob for gentlemen
and ladies, each affording a dottehe from the use
of which the bather may ofteii derive most essential
benefit.

With other improvements to be bronght into
use the present year, are ladies' and gentlimien's
bathing grooms fitted up for reoeiting io^or «Mirm
dotiU of any desired ientpeiratnro.

ThjQrearetwo medicinal springs at this estab-
lishment, the one a few paces beloir the hfltel,
essentially the same, both in^^aaliiy and tem-
perature, withi^e old Sweet Swings; indeed, it
maybe regarded as idefitici^ai# same water.
Tia other, some forty i^ds,> perhiqpi^^j^
hotd^^isin nkany respects l|ke it,iHit eontaiuing
» mneh larger ^antity <Kf iron, fil;^, ifeing
iNttiiiit^ d^wiited ia^liMNiritfpnid pre-
cipitate, has gtveii it the tmanr «f JJbi^^M^.

*ho water of ^e J^tl iS^^r^ wl^ the
fliulracleMstb«at«ri>f tlM^ace^iwI m^
Upon both for driolcittg aii^ |atl^g|^MliAiiift
beowih heavy and iiip«gid»r UtttiiioflMbiil^

.j.i'i!. i #j p 6!'M ' '>;Jii*.S^ ' T;S'j! ! y-. **

aac

asY

rOO- acres of
ve jbrtos in

a sprtog
ies.

liptingiare
ih, and are
>in three to

1 aire ytell-
r gentlemen
om tbe use

D8t essential

•

roBght into
Ijeivtlemen's
id or warm

this estab-
H^e lietel,
r and tem-
; itiile^, it
iuae inMser.
, aWe ibflk

oonlaitiiog
lii<^i iM^ng

ft x#d j^e-

ii^ i» the
nvepiteHed

at the head of a narrow cove formed by a pro-
jecting hill on one sideband on the ot^ by large
masses of porons stono, probably deposited there
from the Sweet Spring water, which once flowed
in this direction.

There are here three fountains, separated by
narrow stone partitions, but all running into one
commit sluice. The upper and b<4destof these
fountains is about two degrees colder than the
two lower ones, and evidently contains less of
ferruginous matter. The water issuing from all
of them is probably two hundred and fifty gallons
in a minute.

The water of the Bed Spring has been twice
analyaed, firtt by Bowelle,.attd «»en by Professor
Rogers. According to Bowelle,oa« guar* of this
water contains-—

OiilMHiite of liBM.u^..«.....i..i»...—~—"" •••••••••• 4**™*

CutmiMte of BnfBiMia>.Mi. '»••••< •m..m<...m.....«v

OariMntlB.of lioii,«,,w.....'.... —.••."••••••••••"•••♦""

BI1BZ*...m«...m*....««..... .••*•.****•*****' •*....•••••* ....••©

Sidpbstc of JStiffutiiB'tf''tt''— "—•'•—•"""'*"*'"*■

Mi^fittoC M<ia**~* •••**»""********'"***** >*;"*■

Iran MnbtaMd i..«..~>«...M.*.*>.M..""*~*»*"******-^
Ou))<niDMid.

The Mowing is the result of an analysia by
Profewojr Sogers, of this water :

1st. flcOid roattw, procured Iv evaporation ftw
one hundred cubin iadies, weighed, after b^g
greatly dned At 112^ 40 76.
Aporti«»9f thiaiKombinedwater.

l » i j i itrir iiilj j i|i ^M^ ii t i ilii i li| i iiijt i i »i l lil» i »» W

im/

mNiRAL wAftiM Of tnawiA.

2d. QttantitjTof each solid ingredieQt estimated
«• fvfkQiXj free from wAter. In one hundred
oabi<6 inches :

8«Iplui«e of mm ...............;..i.„.......l4-M8

So^tlMte of aMgnaria -».....„.....,„.*»....i... ^KW

Rni|iMt0 IK •puft«..»«.»M.,.,.„„.,,.,,,„„,,„^,,,,,„, ^ 1^400

CtgrboiMte of lime......... „ „.....„ „..,„ i.j<|0

Ohioilde of aodium 0K)B7

CailQrtd(B<MriiMgattrigm ......^...,i (MMO

€adeiide<tf caId«iii..,.,.H.........«„..„.,........„.....VlHttO

nfiiQnioxlflA of in)a.....»..M.....i..ra.M m>... 0*890

Ql«wiio matter la amtO) qnaatitfM.
Ibdtne, • mere trace.

iHie iron is no doubt dissolyed in the water as a
carbonate.

Sd, Yolume of eiMh of the gases contained in a
free state, in onc| hiindted enbie inches of the
water:

C^Hmiio aoid.............„....M ...........#*tO eaUo indbw

Ntegp n, !!....„....„ ^....,„. J'W "

Oi7l<n............... -80 • «

Bi^QMtted iT^iqgeB, a tTMii, to6 imiA to W

^th. OomposiltOtt of one hundred edbic inches

of the mixed gases rising in bttbbli» in the spring ;

mirdgea ;..!........;... ......—............, ......„«j'8

OartM^add..

i»e»«M«#<U»M»»«««^ •#„»#„; „,.,„,,,^^^,^^jy*^

. arfttore of l^eBbd Spring i#ater, is it
issms firom three di«ireii« heidl^ia from ts** fe,
t9«t Frequent examinatidns of this spHng irith
•r^ormometer indtioe me td believe tha# its teitt^
P«ri*ure is slightif variable, uever rzc^edfng;
howret er^ one or tvt^ dogi^ ttf vkix '

Qt ef timated
me hnQdred

•.••••i.l4'S88

»U.. t>107

..^. . vm

(H»7

<W»

iHttO

••»«•• (HMO

e water as a

otaiQed in a
ehes o£ the

u
w

btnumauei.
tile iipHng :

^ater^isit
loth W^to
iptiiigirith

CXO#JMKDg,

The aoalysei of the Bed Sweet and Sweet Spiring
waters, by the same chemist, show th^ Uiey eon^
tain essentially the same ingredients, llmt in
different proportions^ both the adUa and the $«««»
being more abundant in the former. The chief
difference in. the medicinal' effeet of the two ipraten
is probably owing to the larger quantity of trod
held in solution 'the Bed Sweet. While the
Sweet Spring o n ^ins of iron 0'061 grains iii one
hundifed onbic inches of its water, the Bed Sweet
in the same amount of water contains 6 '320, or
about four-fifths in excess. This goes, so far as
analysis can be satisfactory, to prove its higher
tonic power. The iron in this water exists in the
form of 9 carbonate, held in. solution by carbonic
acid gas, constituting the mildisst, and, at the
same time, the most effident preparation of our
ferruginous waters.

While the carbonic acid gas in the Bed Sweet is
4110 grains against 37'U in the Sweet, the car-
bonates as a whole largely preyaiV in the latter.
Again, wKik tbe sulphate of lime it mucb tht
largest ia the Bed Sweet, the sulphates of mag*
nesia and iod», both aperient in their ebaracter,
decidedly predominate in the Sweet Spring waters.
It may be noted thai tbcKke, in small quantity, k
found in the Bed Sweet) and not in the Sweet ;
but its qmaatity isdoubtlew very smally4nd I am^
not awflore of any peculiar effects of the water th^r
can, with flWf*»»n^» ^ "^i^****** ^ *^* agent.

rt^M ' m^

240

MIMBRAL UfA'OaU Off YUtCOlfU.

U may, poicibly, exert some benefloi*! inflaenoe
M f tonio in oombinftUon with ilie other ingre-
dientsi |*roin a renew of the ani^jrws of these
two intereitiug waters, •• well <m from oheerva-
tilon of their effirata on diieaae, it would q<^ be
▼erj inaoearate to aay that the Bed U the Sweet
%>ring water wi^ » strong irtm haie. But
medioal Aien, who should look oloselj into the
peouliarities of ronedial agents, will find upon
c»reful scrutiny ot these, that the difierence in
the amount and (»mbination of their materials
must modify, to some extent, their therapeutical
agency upon the human system, and that, acoOTd-
ing to the practical object they wish to effec^ they,
should select one or the other of them. V

As « general rale, it Is^f&lUH^ous to adopt the
analysis of a minerol water as a guide in its ad-
ministration. Although an analytic aacofMot as
can be obtained in the present stute of oheniioal
scienee, is an important assistant humdarsttnding
^a general iiitare of rjunedial waters* «id in
^ag M» ti» foemation of genoral eoaeht^oos |n
relation to th«n^ stiU aetoal obserration of the
pscttUar effects of these agents is gr^atlj more
sa^^fiietory, «n^ ftr ^oie to be re^ iqK»i.
'ICinferal wat(^ often pM««e effei^ upott the
animal economy tiia^ are not indicatedvby their
aaalysesj ani}, in some easM, they prodis^jreanlts
that «o diret^X O0iiir«-indicatod. But, is x«f^
once to these particular watcir«, there seiems to

mnm spbihcmi.

241

\l ioflttenoe
ther iagre-
lee of these
>ni obMrvA-
old Q<^ be
k the Sweet
htm. Bat
I7 into the
find upon
ifference in
materials
kerapentical
lat, aco(Hrd-
effec^ they.

» adopt the
le in Hi ad-
«cofxeotas
tf ohentioal
lenttn<Uiig
mt Mid in

lion «| the

B|NE»n the
idvhj their
Np%f«ialt8
i^i,,l»OB^er>
a iMNHDM to

he quite a ooncorrence hetween the indications
afforded hj their analyies and actual oheervaiion
as to their effects.

With hoth of these lights hefore us, we are
forced to regard the Bud Spring water as heiag
more decidedly .tonic in its influences upon the
system than the water of the Sweet Spring, and
somewhat more exciting, too ; hence, all the
cautions that have been urged in reference to th«
contra-indications of the use of the Sweet Spring
water, apply eren with more force as to the use of
this.

From the same lights, we also learn that, as a
very gentle aperient^ and a mild and sometihailt
less exoiUng Umia, the Swtet Springs hare the
preference, and especially in such cases as do not
admit or require the use of chalybeates. The
dinrOid eflSsct is about the same from the use of
either water.

These general principles may, to some extent»
I hope, indicate the class V oases that will bi
most benlfited by one or thi othcf of tbesa
springs. But it must be confessed l&at the sul^oQi
is someiUnes an intricate one, requiring a fpU
knowledge of th« oase« with a carefiil comparatiTo
estimate of the powers of the two waters, to de-
cide vith certainty under the use of which the
patient will*be most benefited. There is, how"
ever, a large class of oases that wiU be essentially,
if not equaUy benefited by the use of either of
21

MnffnuL WAimuB or vnavxu.

thoM water*. To inoli omm m require the me of
the ir^ tania, the Bed Bweet water is peculiarly
well adapted, and may he preaorihed with great
oonfidenoe.

Both internally, and ac a hath, the Bed Sweet
waters are adapted to nnmerons diseases. As a
tonio in oases of nerrons ddbility, or of general
prostratiotti the result of prior riolent disease,
they may he used with great oonfidenoe. In
d^QM^psia, partiouXariy wAea ooimeeted tm*(A ffeutro-
djfnia, and irregular pains in the stomach, with
want of tone in the alimentary canal, they may
he adrantageously employed. In Gattralgia, or
nerrons dyspepsia, after the force d the disease
has heen softened down hy th^ use of medidnes,
or alteratiTO mineral waters, they deserre the
highest eommendation.'

Owtes of dironie diarrhoea hare he^n cured hy
the Bed Sweet waters, after oth«r springs, aiore
commonly, reoommended for that disease, have
fii^iledt to giTe relief.

Hbgkple dehili^ of the utwine; and urinary
fimSons/ is very generi^y heneflted hy these
waters, S^permatorrhmat trnH that peculiar nervona
.proetpatioB connected with ezcessiTe or imjproper
indu^eiiees, are very happily treated %y ihem,
where regard is had to the stat« of the spFstein in
ooiineetiott with their use. they i?e pro^tibly
pntsorihed in dehili^y resulting firom exhaupjftng
dlioharget, proTided such discharges have li^ no

- -'^""-^Miriii
ws-srs!*-'-

•wm nsuQB,

248

the iiM of
peculiarly
nrith great

Bed Bwoet
Ml. Ae a

of general
Dt diieaee,
lenoe. In
nth ffostro-
nach, with
, they may
itralffia, or
the dlseaie
medidnea,
leeerre the

n onred hy
ringijinore
have

nd urinary
I by theie
iiar Berrona
r imjpreper
hy thttin,
(grstem in
I profttihly
eihaitiAing
laveleit BO

Mat of irritation to whioh general excitement
may cause a rapid afflux of flnida with increaeed
Mnaihility.

Ladiea who are lahoring under debility from
long confinement or nuraing, — thoae whoee health
has become impaired from want of exerciie in the
open air, as well as those who have been enerrated
by leW}orrh<Bat or other exhausting causes, will be
greatly benefited by using the water and bath. .

In Nmiratgio affections, unattended with organic
lesion or, obstruction, this water is used with very
general suooess, and rarely foils to ameliorate or
core such cases. The writer has great cause to
speak filTorably of this spring in neuralgia, not
only from its success in a large number of patients
for whom he has advised its use, but especially in
.his own case. In the tummer of 1842, he spent
several weeks herCi usin^ the water internally and
as a Iwth, Ibr a soiatio neiuratgia, under the painful
effects of which he had been entirely prostrated for
several months. To describe the great and almost
instant relief which he derived, would denti^nd
the lanffoage of enthusiasm. For mbre thutt two
months hehad been unalile to turn in hie bed>
and, during fttl this time, was under an agony of
suflforing ^hich none but a neuralgic oiiB oottpre^
hend. ^ ,

B^e ueing Ihe water, he underwent a three
w;eelu' opnrse of preparation at the While
Sulphur, whicli, while it did not reUeve the paiti.

S^(SJJ-^P»"-

ssiiS*sw*s**"

natiiii^iJMiifcitir'' ■

^liSI

it,

j.i»». f fcm.itm^..

MnriKAL WAiBf or vnoiiqA.

bronghi his general syitem into* faTorableoondi-
tion for the nie of tonice. Unable to lit up, he
WM conveyed lying upon a bed in a carriage, to
fbie place, and immediately entered upon the uae
of the water. The effiwti were ae remarkable at
tbey were prompt and happy. In a word, he here
ibund a ipeedy and eflbotnal remedy for this
Protean and painful dlieaae, after all other
veniediei had fiiiled.

In ipeaking of the waters of the Bed Sued and
ISkceei JS^nga, I wish to be understood as allnding
to the 6fltfA«, as well as to the internal use of
the waters. In a large majority of cases, the bath
is, doubtless, the most prominent agent in
eiboUng a cure. Merely cm a bath, there is
probably little difference in the effects of the two
springs. The temperature of the Bed Sweet is
two M three degrees inirmer than the Sweet. ,
This, in aome cases, might be a di£brenoe of
imporiwice, and not to be overlooked by the physi-
(rinn or the invalid.

The effaots experienced after coming out of
thefe1»aths, provided the patient has «ot indulged
hiinself in them too long, are as remarkable as
.^ey ftre agreeable. They dlAr widely from the
eftN# of an ordinary colii'^tii.^ Thvn is an
elMticity and buoyancy of body and spirit that
nUkkes one feel like leaping walla or oleariBg
ditches at a single bound, ^his cannot ba from
^ absorption of nny of the materials of tiie

'tS'Z^ "'<-"• •

fWlR snuHM.

246

»bleoondi-
ilt up, he
urriftge, to
m the nse
irkahle m
rd, he here
r for this
all other

Sweet and
If alluding
lal use of
I, the hath
agent in
, there is
»f the two
[ Sweet is
lie Sweet.,
flbrenoe of
the pli7«i-

ig out of
t indulged
Mtkable a«
r from the
liere is an
ipirit that
r bleiutiBg
t he from
^s of tiM

water by the cutaneous vessels. The few minutes
that we remain in the water, especially the rery
short time after the stricture of the skin from the
first plunge has passed off, forbid such an idea.
May it not be owing to a stimulant impression
imparted by the carbonic acid gas to the nerves of
the skin, and by sympathy extended rapidly over
the whole body ?

CHAPTER Xai.

HOT BPRIllQe.

ijyMi ^ »0 Wattn JMtrmOif af>4 SMtrmiOii Umir-A'. '#*-

Thb Hot Springs are sitnated in the Oomly of
Bath, thirty-five miles northeast from tbr white
Sulphur, and twenty-one west from Mnlboroogh
Depot. Ck>mfortable bathing-houa^r have been
erec<«d for the aeccssimodation b<m of male and
female patienta. In eaoh of theaif houses MitlaUa
arraagemants ara made for ttfteg the mwi tut
^im^ebath, as may ht denrdf ; « for woeferi^
the dondle when ift tmj he rehired.

"There e ^ «ix bathe ayihie^ace," saysl^.

■•MMiMmMI

ii Y iii ») i r^irfrij i 'ri'i| i | i .ii i

'' ^.'"'"i^'lfiiifU'M'j j!: [li^tjtis^^

246

UirBBAL iTAIttS OF VIBaiHIA.

Goode, " each sapplied witb water from a separate
spring^ they range ia teniiperatare from 100^ to
106° of heat. The effecte of these waters in
disease prove that they are highly mddicated,
tfaongh they are considered hy many as simple hot
water. They are known to contain sulphate alid
carhonate of lime, sulphate of soda and magnesia,
a minute portion of muriate of iron, oarhontc aeid
gas, nitrogen gas, and a trace of sulphuretted
hydrogen gas ; and> when used internally, some
of the consequences are such as we might expect
from our knowledge of their constituent parts.

(( 1

ThcM waters, taken internally, are anti-acid,
mildly aperient, and freelj^ diuretic and diapho-
retic. ' But, when used as a general hath, their
effeets iao great, and excel all expectation. They
equaltM an unhalaneed drculatbn, and thereby
restore the different important parts of the system
when torpid-r>that natural and peculiar sensibility,
updn the existence of whieh their capacity to
perfoi^ni their serer*! functions, and the beneficial
action of all reme^JMv depend. They relaii
ikHitraeted tendons ; excite the aetion of absorbent
lessdtei; pro>inQte glandulftr sedretion; eicert a
m&rlsed and salutary inflnehee orer theUHa^y and
ttrinary systems, and often relieTe, ia|a ehort
time, exornoiating pain, caused by palpabto and
long-standing diseaiw in some yita^<Nr|^n." -

ifivipr ^^/^H^ivn ^

'".'? ' tl.'? ' ' ; ' .!?!j^ '^ ' ' y '*' ' '. i'l » >*i'**"*"««'

Hos KnaxM.

a Mparate
m 100° to
watera in
oddioated,
simple hot
Iphate alid
magnesia,
botticaieid
[phuretted
ally, some
;ht ezpeoi
i parts.

anti-acid,
id diapho-
Nith,^ their
)n. They
d thereby
ihe system
ensibility,
ipaciiy to
beneficial
ley reliui
absorbent
; ei»f t a
»ilia»yaiid
tt la short
}able abd

»> .

These waters are suited only to chronic condi-
tions of the system. Dr. James Johnson, of
London, after eniunerating the diseaitss in which
Thermal Waters are inadmiatiile, adds, **BvA
there is a long catalogue of chronic disorders, to
which thermal medicinal water*, both internally
and externally- ai^lied, prove extremely useAil.
Thermal waters act in three principal ways on the
human ma(^ine: let, through the medium of
sensation, on tKe nervous system ; 2d, through the
agency of their tempertUure, on the vascular
system ; and 3d, by means of their diemioal
contents^ on the secretory and excretory organs.
In moat chronic complain^ and especially in
rheumatism, gout, cutaneous defadations, neu-*^
ralgia, dyspepsia, glandular swellings, and
visceral obstructions, there is pain, uneasiness or
discomfort of some kind, which, indeed, consti-
tutes the chief grievance of the individual. It is
no unimportant matter to soothe those sufibrings
during the process employed for the cure; The
warm bath effects this purpose in ikn eminent
degree, through its agency on the sentient
extremities of the neirves distributed over the
Bur&oe of the body. There is «n «Et(Misive chain
of sympathiasestablii&ed betwe«iitiie skin anct tiie
intentil viwei^ and through the medium of iSiif
chanueli, agreeable sensations excited on the'
eo^erMT, are very «ften oommuiuoated to thaesiitfMil
orga^ and t^nidwre§ tkemielves. Even in this

-.1

jgji i tlji^.ilst i ai ' M^

848

minmAL WAvns oi visaiinA.

irs7,*torpicl Moretions are frequently rovied into
a/etiifiif and improved in quality, while the
secretory apparatus itself is reliered from a hott
qfp(Ut\fia/edingi."

These waters hare hee;> analysed by Professor
William B. Sogers, formerly of the University of
Virginia. The saline ingredients in one hundred
cubic inches of water are—

• ■

OHtwostoofliiiM • ~ ..... 7-018

0«HMiiukte of nagnpri*. 1'8M

Snl^isteof Ume.. - — 1»«

Snlpfaste <tf iiiagnari»» ».......:..... 1*889

Snlidiaie of ■oda.. „~,...» .« l'M8

Gbfawide of toi&m tnd i mi gpfiriam, «Bb » tnuie

Proto-cuboiMie of ina.....~...i .v..... ~~ (MJH

SU&k.

•••♦•••••••••••••••••••••••••••*

The free gM consists of nitrogen, oxygen, and
oa?bottip acid gas. It also contains a miore trace
of S9l|;»h. hydrogen.

The heat of the human body, n asoertiained by
inserting 'the bulb of a tberm(»neter under the
tong«e, is about 96<>-HM>metimes al high as 98° ;
and *^ese degrees seem to be the same, with little
twtlfttton, inaH parts of the world, neitherjaiiKted,
in the healthy body, by the he&t of the torrid nor
1%»oold of thefHgid aones. But this, however,
lilates only to the internal t«BtpKratitre of ^)

mn^ 8»iN0B.

249

body ; the heat of the skin is very variable, And,
generally, considerably below the degree of animal
heat. This arises Arom the great cooling process
of evaporation, constantly going on over the whole
sarfiftoe ; its sensibility to all external impres-
sions, and its exposure to the atmosphere, which
seldom rises so high as '98*', even in the highest
heats of summer.

From a, view of these ^caoMS, we will easily hti.
led to perceive why a bath heated to 98° gives a
strong and decided sense (^- warmth to the skin ;
and a sensation of slight warmth, rather than of
chilliness, is felt, oven several degress below this
point.

Whenever a bath is raised above the degree of
animal heat, it theft becomes a dirwt dimuha to*
the whole system, rapidly accelerates the pulse,
increases the force of the circulation, jrenders tiie
skin red and susceptible, and the vessels full and
turgid.

The teipper^are of the Hot Spring hatit||
ranging ^om 100° to 106°, must b^decid^dlfr
«<»inti2anl, and the more or less so according to the
particulM bath employed. It is probably to thiegir
stimnlanl |M>wer that we (ure mainly indebted for
their ciu^tive virtue. The soothing and tran-
quiliniiig efects, which often follow their use,
'Ate the result ^ their sanative iii4l««ftce ift hring-
ing the orgAoism into a normal condition.

B^)>aJt$ii Me potent and positiire agents. When

i|Bititrriti l» iii:iJ.iiu i «Mw > j» ! Ji ii ' f iV

iPH

■w

MnraRAL wjom (m tiboinia.

applied to the human bodj they are never oegatiTe
ia t|ieir inflnences, bat will do either mooh g ood
er nmoh harm, aoooording tolifae judgment and
•kill with which they are empl<^ed.

Their •timulant infineno^ ibrhid their we in
all acute diieaset, and they are cootra>indicated
in such chronic caies as are attended with high
Tasoular excitement, or exalted nerTona snscepti-
hility. There nre, neye|thele8i, a large nnmher
^{eknme diseases in which hot bathing constitutes-
the moit rational and the chief reliance of the
invalid. But thiese potent agents should never he
prescribed merdy for the nmm of a disease,
however carefully its nomenclature has. been
selected. The precise tteillUnft Moto tf ihe tydem,
vhatev«r may be the |»athdlo^ of the disease,
«i^t «twiys 1» be carefully looked to before a
Laurie of hoir bathing is directed.
-^I^lli^ lis^ emia«Btly nsefol in most

eaaM of cJMtNito rheumatimr *ad in the va^ns
iokmi 6fgoitt. In local |MraI|PRs, oooaaion«d by
lleilMof any^of thftWineral poisoni, <» in metas-
tasis of gout, rhenmadiwa^ or other diseases, ^ese
lii%s ttiay b» used wiiW j^ effiol. C7^roiwo
lii^iW&/ e^^oially if «oii|iecM with a gouty
di^eite ; dte^nm^ connected with^ deftet^ve or
idtiated seore^oas of the membrane ef ik« «»;
lAd^MtlMM, or otiier'pi^nfal in^riesoif the joints,
are oftetf much belMited by tkenif of.^li»ths.

Dkum$<^ m IMna v6|i«n»i^ mvlkm m»mov-

' 'Omi,

fmmmmmiB

EA.

eyeraegftthre
r mitoli good
adgment and

[ their lue in
itrft'indicated
sdwith high
rout BQscepti-
arge oiii&her
Qg ooni^tutot-
tiance of the
onld never he
of a disease,
re has. heen
qyT <Ae tyttem,
: ^e disease,
d to Wore a

Mefol in most
% the fatloiis

Kiaui<tm4: by
I, OK in m^as-
lineases, ^ese
(^. C7l*twtc
with a gwttjr
t d^etiTe or
9 of tho««T;
oif the joiiita^
of^Mhs.

not anuncM. SH

rhoea, painfal dysmenorrhoea, etc., are ofton
greatly relieved here.

In some of the more obstinate forms of KUo
derangements these haths are used with happj
effects, particularly th« hot dovthet when appli«
over the region of the Hrer to relieve the torpc
of that organ.

There has already heen so much written on th#|
medical applicability of thermal tecUert, that
have not thought it necessery here to do; moi
than to lay down a few general prinoiptes to guidi
the invalid in their use, and to allude to «om^
particular diseases, fur the cure of which the Hot
Springs are known to he well adapted.

Th6 cause of the high temperature of thcrUEal
springs has long been a matter of curious q>ecttla-
tion. Some have attributed it to the agency of
electricity ; hut this Must be regarded in the light
of an ingjdnious speculationi rather than the result
of observation and &cts. It is very common now
to regard the phenomena as the result of <«lec^oal
influencesj principally, perhaps, because we IcnowL
the' agent to be very potent and pervading, hti
partly because of our ignorance of the genend
laws b^ which electrioii^ it governed. Butwhi^
ever the fkcti tttay be, there seems to be no proof
approximating to a reasonable probability, that
eleetTMnl^ ia in any way c^Qceiraed in pfCNcUieiiig
the high tempemtiae of l&apicml w«tin*B. . C-

.^^U plVJ ar Jw*-*

MIiriBAL WAfHUB OT TOandA.

Another theory, and one which eliciti the
largept amount of credence, perhaps, from loientific
men, alleges, that " the heat of thermal spripgs
is owing io the central heat of the glohe, and that
it inoreaaas in proportion to the depth from which
thejr proceed. ' ' The jphilospher Laplace emhraced
this theory, and it is I hetieye, held hy most
geologists. It is urged,* and, to some extent, is
w^l maintained, that the ** temperature of the
earth increases, as we descend into it, ahont one
degree for ev«iry hundred feet ; and if the increase
continues in this proportion, we should arrive at
hoiling water at the depth of less than three
miles. " In proof of this fKt, the regular increase
of temperature, as workmen have decended into
Ihe earth in bwing the. arfonon well at Paris,
sow, eighteen hundred feet deep, and throwing
out, hy a suhterranean power, an immense Yolnme
of warm water, might be cited. But whaiare we
U> do with^he apparently refuting fact ezhiluited
in the salts wells at Kanawha in our own Btets ?
Several of these wells have been bored to the depth
of tfaeUen or aevetUten hmdredfeety and, as we are
informed, without any appreciable increase of
tempMature. . ^ ■

0&uet thewists suppose that thermal springs
owe their twmperature to circumscribed volcanoes^

• 8m PrafeSMsr DildMay'a eatay, infM fiHxtli Bepoi of tbe
ArMMi AModsifatt Stf Our iidMiiMia^

ss},^*t

■•w-

elieiti the
»infoientific
nal tpripgs
1)6, and thftt
from which
ce embraced
Id hj moat
e extent, is
htnre of the
i, about one
the increase
Ld arrive at
than three
liar increase
cended into
11 at Paris,
d throwing
ense Tolnme
whaiuewe
3t ezhiUted
own Stats?
to the depth
d, M we are

inoTMie of

nal springs
i yolcanoes,

HOI mvaaB.

263

and that such springs are a sort of safety-valve to
those subterraneous conflagrations. It is well
known that an earthquake, or an eruption of a
volcano, has often produced a change in the
temperature of thermal springs that were even
at some distance from the place where these
phenomena occirred.

There is still another theory, "that supposes
that the heat of these springs is produced by cer-
tain prooesses going on in the interior of the earth,
and that these processes are attended with an
absorption of oxygen and a co^isequent extrication
of caloric." In the absence of any positive know-
ledge On the subject, this theory would seem to be
sustained by as much probability as any of the
others that have been alluded' to. But this is a
subject that falls strictly within the province nf
geology; and the zeal and success with which
that science is now being prosecuted, afford ns
reasonable grounds to look to its votaries fix
some elucidation of this ourious topic.

iBepwkofthe

^^%ti^^ y f ^ ^> v^^> ^afe^^J^jy^^^r^y^^|wf^4^«'fe^^^^^"*f'*^'*^^^'y^»'W*^i W

,i; i i. ' tai».,^iw|.," ' J i ..

364

MnrBBAL WAXUS or TIXaiKU.

CHAPTER XIV.

WARM SPItmC38.
Atmlifilt TkM (md JfantMf ^ tMng — Dimam ftr

Tbi Warm Springs are situated in a narrow
Ta]«| at the western base of the Warm Spring
Mountain, in the County of Bath, fifty miles west
of Staunton, and five miles northeast from the Hot
Springs. They are among the oldest of our
watering plaoes, having been resorted to on
aqoount of their medicitfal virtues for more than
eighty, years. The property was patented by
Oovernor Fauquier to the Zetms family, in 1760.
for many years it was owned by the late Br.
Jnhn Brodcenbrough, of Bichmond, who devised
it to his two grandndaughters, also the grand-
daughters of the distinguished Dr. Chapman, of
Philadelphia.

Several of our medicinal fountains claim to have
been known and appreciated by the aborigines of
the country. In reference to this particular one,
there are many tales related by that venerable
class, the oldest inhdbitantB, of the discovery* and
use of its waters by the Indians.

It is a matter of sober history, that rery loon

WAKM mXROI.

S65

a narrow
m Spring
miles west
txatbeHot
it of oar
}d to on
more than
tented by
, in 1760.
I late Br.
ko deTised
be grand-
apman, of

im to have
trigines of
cular one,
venerable
otery'and

rery loon

after tbe diioovery of tbe Warm Springs by ciril-
ized man, they became celebrated for their
curative qualities, in various diseases, as well as
for the mere luxury of bathing ; and that they
were frequented, at much labor and fatigue, by
great multitudes, before any other (save the Sweet
Springs) of the valuable watering places in
Virginia w6re known.

The waters of the Warm Springs have been
analyzed by two distinguished chemists, and with
such discrepancy in results as to afford indubitable
evidenee that an analysis is not to be implicitly
relied on in the administration of mineral waters.

The following is the analysis made by Professor
Wm. B.Bogers: —

" The large bath is an octagon thirty-eight fell
in diameter; its area is 1163-77 feet. Tbe ordi-
nary depth being five feet, (it can be increased to
six,) the cubic capacity is 6818-86 feet, or
43,533'32 gallons; notwithstanding the Zedfet,
this quantity of water will flow into the reservoir
in one hour. The average temperature of i\il$
bath is 98** Fah. The gas which rises in the bath
consists of bitrogen, with minute quantities of
sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid .

" Beiides this gas, each gallon of water oontaini
4*6 Qubio inches of gas, consisting of—

mtrogoLn....-..* ~».>..- ~ » ...... ......8*95 eatdo te disa

BUttliurBttod hrdrocni.* .MM.....w...(r29

^^ • ^ ^^ ^ _Aja M

OflrtM^o eol(ka.......**M*..M««HM«M.«..«.fi'vv

hit J. M.'i

te^ssteliiiwfe-^.''"^'^ ^'^

.MB'-L ■ ' ' %tLt^mf'k4Mh&Ar^

256 MiwiaAL WAfiM ot f^tiuuiriA.

" The laline oontonto of one g*llon of ihei water
are oi, follows : —

Solplnte of iingii«i%(BpMiinnlto,).M....» ........ V-OM

OuflMMUtc of UiM». 4-S88

Snlplwte of Bum. ....»» 5-46e

And ft trace of lodft - (HMO

28-7M

' The following is the analysis of the Warm
Spring Water by Mr. Hayes of Bozbnry, Hassa-
ohnsetts :*

" In physical characters, this water resembles
ordinary chalybeate waters. Recently drawn, it
is elear, colorless, and in some degree sparkling,
▼hen agitated. Its tasfe is styptic or ferruginous,
leanng the impresiion of a large amount of
niinerisl matter being present. Agitated in the
atmosphere, it becomes turbid, and deposits in
filaments an ochry matter, consisting of oxide of
iron and organic matter.

"The dissolred gaseous matter is carbonic
aoid^ with nitrogen ; no oxygen is present. By
h«at it is rapidly changed, the deposit of ochry
matter inoreasirg in density, while gas is disen-
gage^.

'f A standard gallon of this water, weighed at

W* Fahrenheit, aiforded the following proximate
constituents :

'I ' " ' ' I ,1 1|. ..

*]Qiunl Springs <tf'\^igiiiift.

f the water
l-9as H

t«*M VnRXI

5'4M

<HNW

moA

the Warm
iry, Mmio-

> reMmblei
' drawn, it
aparkling,
vmgiDoiM,
amount of
ited in the
iepoaits in
i>f oxide of

a carbonic
reseqt. By
it of ochrj
ui is diflen-

weighed at
prokiuate

WABM ffUNOf.

267

IMliMMt Sulphuric add. 9-*^ gntu,

OMbonkswjid .".•• 9%10 "

BlUdcackL OW) »

Oi|«iloaekl 1*838 '^

9dllMM: Ppiwh II 0*741

AmmoBiik. 0-110 "

Lime 8-90« "

Magnodfi 0-444 "

Protoxide of inm 0-078 "

Alomin* ».... 0-280 "

89-888 gnia*.

"The change produced in this water by expotnro .
to the air, or by heating it, indicates that the
protoxide of iron exists in the water, united with
organic acid. When silver salts are mixed with
the freshly drawn water, the decomposition which
follows is not attended by the coloration which
humic and apocrenic acids produce. The deposi-
tion, too, is largely mixed with oxide of iron.
These, with other considerations, induce me to
state that the protoxide of iron is united with
crenic acid. In the further apportioning of the
bases, by which we theoretically make up the salt*
supposed to exist formed in this water, the mag-
nesia and alumina are combined with hydrous
silicic acid, to form a compound soluble in carbonic
acid and water. The remaining bases, then,
oonstitttte salts, which, through the influence of
chemical affinities, are —

}

if^titif^'imf

mxm

' " i |ti i iiiiM IMMntTirir" i' """"■'-'"

SftS

vjomAL wAim or tnfluiu.

8«]ph«t« of poutah. „^...„ M t't71 ff^M.

Solidukt* <rf unmoala. „>.... O-tM «*

Bolpluito of UiM. „ 14-081 "

OuboiuM of Ubm 8-tM -

CnMt* of Iran. „ „ t^ttS "

SlUaUtoriMfBMkuidafaiiniu „ 1-784 ••

OMtoaio aokL». > „»»........ «-919 -

SS-MI gnliUb

"In the preliminary examinetion of this water,
it was deemed remarkable that so email a weight
of iron salt ihonld impart to leniibly a chalybeate
taete to so large a volome of water. Neither the
•trbonate nor enlphate of iron- hai this eA»et, and
the only explanation is that alluded to abore : the
•sietence of a erenate dissdred in oarbonio add
so as to form an aoidnlons water. This compound
with the lime salts may \)e considered as the aotire
medicinal parts of the water."

The rirtnes of this water wre probably owing to
iti temperature, rather than to any mediein*!
agents combined with it. The supply of water is
▼wry abundant—estimated at six thousand gallons
a minute. For the gentlemen's bath, it is
roeeiTed into a room thirty-eight feet in diameter,
and may be raised to the depth of six feet. After
H has been used, the water ie drawn off and the
batli fiUs again in fifteen or twenty neinnt^. The
ladies' baUi is. comlbrtably furnished, and when
repaired the water may be raised to tbe depth of
five feet. A^oining the gentlemen's bath, a room

^/ni^^.,5 -,

WABM moirai.

■.mit-

I gninib

ihis water,
» weight
shaljrbeate
either the
eifeet, and
bore: the
bonio add
compotrod
itheAotive

r owing to
medieinfl
f water ie
ad gallona
th, it i»
diftineter,
iet. After
ff and the
itei. The
rad when
I depth of
tb, A room

hsB been conetruoted for a cold plungt bath, which
is plentifully supplied with common epring water,
piped from the neigboriog hills, of a temperature
offrom60°to66°.

The common practice in the use of the Warm
Spring bath is, to bathe twice a day, and remain
in the water from twelre to twenty minutes each
time. In some cases, especially when the bath ii
used for cutaneous diseases, the patient may
profitably remain in for a much longer period,
eren from half an hour to one hour. As a general
rule, and especially for delicate persons, active
exercise should be avoided while in the bath,
and always, on coming out, the bather should
be well rubbed over Uie whole body with a coarse
cloth.

The best timet for bathing are, in the morning
before breakfast, and on an empty stomach an hour
before dinner. Where perspiration is required,
the bath should be taken in the evening, the
patient retiring to bed immediately after.

The diseases for which these baths have bee«
profitably employed are numerous ; among them
are atonio gout, chronic rheumatism, indolent
swellings of the joints or lymphatio glands^
paralysis, obstruetions of the liver and spleen^, old
syphilitic and syphiloid diseases, ohronic oiit#*
neons diseases, nephritic and calculous disorders,
amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhoea. Oocasionallyj
chrtmio diarrhma is relieved. The same may be

ff'-S.^i ■

' ■i»iiil!WEgj:t.ii-"wt»« ' u ' ^"^ ' ''

•MlieMSShiMMHMMFiW^^^

260

MIHXBAL WAXnS OV TIBaiKIA.

said of neuralgia; but, most generally, we find
bathe of somewhat lower temperature more
beneficial in this disease. In connection with the
internal use of the alum waters^ these baths will
be found very serviceable in the various and
distressing forms of torofda. In painful affec-
tions of the limbs, following a uiercurial course,
these baths are efficacious, and the more so if
employed in connection with the internal use of
the sulphur waters.

Some precautions should be observed in ent^ag
upon the use of these baths, even by those to
whosjs diseases they may be well adapted. The
bow«^8ho«Id be^pen,.or in a solvent condition ;
the state of the* tongue should indicate a good
condition, of the stomadh; the patient should be
free jl(rom febrile excitement, and from the
weariness and exhaustion generally the result of
traveling in the public conveyances, in hot
weather. Many tM>mmit a great error, and
occasionally make themselves quite ill, by
impri^ntly plunging into the bath immediately
after^rriving at the springs, and before they Mve
in any degree become reliei^ed from the ^Kligue
mhI txcitation of the trftvel necessary to rMch
i^iem. From sfach *& impradeat course) the
bather has Hitle raiionid gn. ndi to jhope for
benefit, and is fortunate if he era^' without
injury.

HBAUMO SPBINGS.

2«1

, we find
are more
n with the
baths will
KrioQs and
nful affeo
ial course,
nore so if
nal use 0f

IneDt^ag

those to

tted. The

condition ;

ite a good

should be

from the

> result of

I, in hot

nor, and

J ill, by

imediafErly

th^have

he fi^igue

' to reach

•urse^ the

h»pt> for

8' wiAout

CHAPTER XV.

HEALINO BPBINGS.

Eistorif and IkteripUon—TMo'i^peuHe AeHtm—Dueatet for uhiA
it may te Pmertbed, dbe., dbe.

This medicinal fountain is* in Bath County,
Virginia, and is one of the^AermoI springs that
give name, to that county, and for which the chain
of valleys, that lie at the western base of the
Warm Spring Mountain, is so -remarkable. The
most southern of the group is the "Falling Spring
Valley," which embosoms the water und^ notice.*

Situated in the midst of a confined but fruitful
valley, and surrounded by wild and romantic
scenery, the Healing Springs afford a sequestered
retreat for the invalid, and a pleasing resort for
those who seek respite from the cares of business,
or desire the refreshing influences of mountain
scenery and cHraate.

This water. Mid something of its curative powers,
were known at an early day ; but owing to the
want of means, and the existence of a Intter feud
between the patties to whom it belonged, no im-

* *^k Kotioe of tiie HMling Springs of Bsth County, Yirg^iiiS,
by WiBtaBi y Ffttton, M. D."

mm^-

-.■~. ii ni i ia i ' » «i>M l ri j l i tii;;|--i(f i i «i j jiii 0ri;«i\ iii ' i« w i i 'i iw iw .

MXHBRAI. VAXOU OF TOQINIA.

prorement vhaterer was made ; yet such has
beenjts reputation, that every year a greater or
loM numher of visitors, composed chiefly of ex-
treme oases- that had failed to be relieved elsewhere,
or were too ill or too poor to go abroad, have
resorted to it. Of late years, since it has become
more the practice, in obstinate and long-standing
complaints, to seek relief by the use of mineral
waters, this spring has been steadily advancing
in reputation, and, without improvements or
vOther advantages, has now ibrqed itself into public
notice^ and ereated a den»and for extensive ac-
oommodations.

While a number of cmh »re reported to have
bean snoeeiiriblly submitted to the use of this
water, 90 record of the.'Ohai!scter of such cases,
nor history of their course md termination, has
been made; nor do we know of any attempt to
d«Ane the ohanMrter of the watery to determine its
mode of aekioii, nor to designate ^« diseases which
it is known to oontrol.

To determine^ese points, a variety and noaiber
of facts have been gleaned &mn reUable sonroes,
«ttd furnished the data uponifiMoh Ilia, following
eMt^nsions are based. . ,,

fiaongh is known oC the medieinal effects of
thu water to enable os to enrol it npon;tlte llst«f
known curative means, and to wdeome it to a
plaee among the medicinal fonnlailM, for mhvok
«bis region i* already so diitinguiiAwd.

mtALOia BFRfNOS.

268

)t snch has
greater or
hiefly of ex-
d elsewhere,
broad, have
'< has become
ng-gt«DdiDg
of mioeral
y advaDcing
vemoDts or
f into public
xtensive ac-

ctedtohave
use of this
' such cases,
loatiQii, has
: altenipt to
>9tennine its
Eeasei which

Mtdiuanber
hh SQiifoes,
m, foUairiBg

1 «€eetf of
ii;tlloliik«f
>me i% to a
, f<Hr whioh

The Healing Springs comprise three separate
springs. Two of these are quite near each other,
and the third at a distance of perhaps two hundred
yards in the same ravine. These springs are
beautifully bright and crystalline ; "and the ever*
bursting bubbles of gas, that escape with the
water and float in myriads of vesicles upon its
surface, impart to it a peculiar sparkling ap^.
pearance.

The temperature of these springs is uniformly
SI'* Fah., nor are they subject to any variation of
quantity or quality. Sibgly, they afford a con-
siderable volume of water, and, together, would
form qnitd a bold fountain. Each, it ia thought by
some, possesses properties and virtues peculiar to
itself, and hence they have received distinctive
but, as the same sensible properties are
common to them, perhaps no essential difference
will be found in their qualitielh. The waters
have not been analysed. Lime and sandrttoet «re
the prevailing formations, and black slate, oon-^
taining bisnlphnret of iron, ftnd other traces of
minerals, are met with about the springs. From
the superficial foridaations^ however, it wouldr
hardly be legitimate to infer the character of this
water, as ft most probably has » very remote
source, and derives chiefly its mineral elements
from strata in the d«pths of the earth. The
deposit along the stream is much more worthy of
trust, and would nfifm to indioate the preseiwe of

^'$'i>.i-^ ^t^■^^r --^■-'MXf^ti^^ f

i r'l ftHfl i n i r*

M|il«Mp»«^

264

MINBRAL W&TOBS OF \ISQINIA.

lime, Alumina, iron, and other salts ; but in the
absence of any analysis, we forbear to determine,
with eren an approximation to certainty^ the
chemical character of the water. A species of
dgm springs up luxuriantly in these waters. It is
of a dark-green color, and exceedingly delicate
and beautiful in structure. Its chemical nature
has not been defined, though its therapeutical
effects have been tested. Whether it acts by
virtue of some inherent property of its own, or in
consequence of principles imbibed from the water,
or simply upon the principle of a poultice, or by
combining all these, we will not attempt to
decide. Charged with saline and gaseous matter,
the baths at these springs are exceedingly buoyant
and grateful, and pertiaps unsurpassed for the
delightful and refreshing sensation they com-
municate to the system. For drinking purposes,
the water is too warm to bo palatable at first, but
its cordii^ effects upon the stomach soon make it
an agreeable beverage. The water, when drunk,
acts in three principal ways upon the system, to
wit: upon the Mdneyi, the ftot&eZs, and skin; and
perhafM ihe relative affinity for each partici^ar
organ is mtxeoAf indicated by the order of their
enumeration. The direction to either viseus, is
infiuenced somewhat by the condition of the sysitem
and by the manner of using the water. While
it is capable of being directed to e.'l.er organ
speci&Mdly, it maybe so Msployed as to exert a

HBAUNO anUNGB.

26fr

but in the

determine,
taintyy the

species of
iters. It is
llj delicate
ical nature
lerapeutical

it acts hy
8 own, or in
i the water,
iltice, or by-
attempt to
oufl matter,
5I7 buoyant
9ed for the

they com-
g purposes,
it first, but
ion make it
hen drunk,
I system, to
I akin; and

partioi^ar
ier of their
r visdu, is
' the syiitem
&*. While

'or organ
I to exert a

quiet and less marked, but not less salutary, effect
over the whole at once. Its simultaneous action
upon three great emunctories of the body, with
its capacity to be dir< cted specifically t) either,
constitutes this water a safe and gentle, but at
the same time a certain and efficient, depurating
agent of the human body.

Acting upon the whole of the external surface,
with its countless pores and innumerable sebaeeous
gland»<-H9timt(lating to new action the entire track
of the alimentary canal, with its samerous and
important organs-^nd urging the kidneys to
throw off the multiform materials designed to be
separated from the circulating fluids, and pro-
ducing, when retained or imperfectly eliminated,
such dangerous disturbance to the ooastitution- —
it is not wonderful that the water should exercise
control orer diseased action, and prove a remedy
for a wide range of human maladies.

The water is light, and does not oppren the
stomach, however freely it is drunk. It is a ready
promoter of digestion ; and it is a common remark
of those under ito use, that they can eat with
impunity what would otherwise be intolemUe. -^

Bathing^ both general and topical, is a vahuible
and important mode of employing the water, and
should not be negl^toted when deisanded by the
circujiXBl&nc :3 of a given case.

Th» wat,or of the Healing Springs^ so far as ir
is capable of daiisifieation, may be regarded, in
96

...

■i

' ui[. -jjjiwy..

266

MINIRAIi WATBBB Of VmCONU.

ita general action upon the system, as alterative
antd tonic, both directly and indirectly ; hut inas-
much as it is an agent m generis in its character,
we doubt the correctness of limiting its action by
restrictive definitions.

The first employment of these springs, and
their earliest manifestation of curative powers was
in m-oonditioned uleera and intraetaUe affections of
the akin; and hence the significant name they hear.
In these diseases, as clMses, o^en as annoying
and unsightly as they are pi^nftil and intractable,
this agent enjoys a high popular reputation.

In some cases of inveterate ^n/cxae, the water
pro£ai39s, by a painless process, to aohiere what
the surgeon's knife had been powerless to effect,
or the more drwdei^ x»|iteTy had failed to ac-
OQimplish. In cutaneous diseases, so frequently
persisting for years, it is not less remarkable for
its benign effocta. In many of the graver forms
of idcin diseatffis, as well a* in those of milder
^iiiBter, good results may be expected from its
omploymeat.

Itvjs worthy of refitark, that the grave oonse-
queaoM thai sometimes result from htaling loiig-
•tawlNig uleera tmA diseases of the dcin by the
ordinary metiiods, are less to be apprehended in
theeasesof cure by ^is water. •

Sero/vla is believed to be sMMnable to this l^nt.
Beoently , several onret of this mulady are reported
to kaveocKittrred under its use.

Si3i3ir5ifci3Er^Hr i?s»at«»aa

"lSlWJIy,,'«!,",'t"J

BXAUNO BPBIF'I.

(dterative
, but ioas-
obaract«r,
I action by

rings, and
lowers was

tbejbear.

annoying
ntraotable,
ition.

tbe water
hiere wbat
m to effect,
[led to ac"

frequently
arkable for
aver forms

of milder
»d from its

rave oonse-
aling long-
ikin by ibe
»bended in

this agent,
ore reported

In chnmio opthaimu} cffections^ wbetber dependent
upon a scorbutic habit or other dyscrasy of the
body, and in degenerate and morbid conditions of
the eye, resulting from neglected or improper
treatment, gratifying results may bo anticipated
from the judicious use of these springs.

Here, as in all the varieties of ulcers and local
inflammations treated by ttiis water, a new agent
may be employed ; it is the topical application of
the mo is that grows luxuriantly in the baths and.
streams that flow from them. This has a peculiar
effect. When applied to a diseased surface it
becomes painful, sometimes exceedingly so, and
yet, upon inspection of the part, its redness has
been dispelled, and a new and more healthy action
established. When the application has been long
continued, the snrfitce becomes blanched and
corrugated.

In tubacuie rhenmoHam these waters hare ao'
quired considerable reputation. For the relief of
the suffering, and to correct the morbid condition
upon which it depends, they may of^^n he em-
ployed, both externally and internally, with much
benefit.

The temperature of the water is not so high as
to stimulate this form into the ocule, nor so low
as to endanger the patient by sudden meiaatiMi»,
while both effects are guarded against by its
diuretic action, and its tendency to the bowels aaA
skin. In the present instance, as in other «Mes,

««MSM

868

wofnUi WAim Of Toamu.

K?*

where it ig de^rable to giro the water ft decided

direction to the bowels or dda, ftppropriate

adjVTantfl ihonld be employed.

/ In Keundgia, ft congener of the diieftie jnit oon-

4<Ured, the wnter it frequently ^nnd to be reme-

diftl, ftnd, from its ftllevifttioti of the thrilling,

piereing pftin ftttendsnt upon this ft£Ebotidn, one of

the epringt recdved long eince the homely bat

•xpreuiTe title of ** Toothftohe Spring." It if to

• tiioie cftees, dependent upon generic derftngement of

,; the ayitem, ropalting from ft residence in onhoftlthy

districts of country, or those thftt hftve their wigin

in nerTous irritftbility, or qpring from ft gouty or

rheumstic diftthesi»— thftt the wftter is adftpted.

l}]/§ptgp$iaf tikftt invet^rftte scourge of the seden^
tftry and thoughtfiil, which so often modks ftU
ifttlottil fts well fts foolish meftns thftt ftre inv^ed
for its relief, not unfrequently finds nn jmtidote
in thMe waters.

For tknmie UumA or ap^, the Heftlittg Springs
hftve bjMn employed with success, ftfter ft fruitless
Itni jj^frserariing use of other.meftns.

f htre OMftsjionftlly sent pfttients, snl&ring under
liraije t^Mtkm ^ tike luimg coai <if (he imoeb,
.to' ti||is Wftter, with good effect.

XeiMprrlaMi, ftnd other kiudced dieord^ of the

^ ibmalfr vhea Ihdq^daut of mftligpftut |etio», or

#etuftl 4iaplftoament of organs, will attw. yield to

the froe imtental and extental use of 13)^ waters.

Titr

i ' ' ^im& ^ i i Smn

^..

~— »w*#*l(

f'-JJt'^T W %!,f^ '

r ft decided
appropriate

le joit oon-
obe reme-
thrilling,
ion, one of
lOmely bat
" It if to
ngieineatof
anliwkithy
heir origin
ftgoictf or
a Mbpted.
the indent
modks ftil
kreinTfliced
n juitidote

ngSpniigB
'ftfrnitleui

ring under
ihe bowA,

d^ of the
k^OR, or
enj^eld to

.3
i

T* -* 'Wrf*^ •" >

»>ai^l|)|gl(j[< 0(IMia ! IMWI»w ii > ' J»'l '" I * ' "!" ' < "• ' " >•"

. iHiffr ; nil «ililMi

iW'

^T^
m

la.

5 5
oiS at

loonuDGB jujm enam

Some of tbo diieases of the urinary orgam are
favorably controlled by these waters ; among
which may be enumerated ohroiuo irritation, with
maooQS disohargei from the bladder. I have
had -ocvasioB to be pleased with their effects in^
streral siieh cases.

CHAPTER XVI.
BOOKBlODaB ALUM BPBIKOS.

rk$ mm Akm «

^ Tion afiringa itfe situated in the northern pari
of IheOonnigrttf Bookbridge, on the miUn turn-
pUce rodl leadtng ftom the iown of Lexington to
the /^iom J^ifaigi# seyenteen miles from the
fatam Md abooft twenty-one from the- latter.
they*e*« «H|^Uy iheptoiirty of Campbell
fkmily;! % whom tlie land pn which they aro

S8*

/•'^rf

wfat^mtmmi^

"^"■i

Miviiui. WAma Of Tnanru.

The exiitenoo of an ftlrnn spring at this place
was known at the time of the entry of the land,
and its peoaliarities soon led the people of the
neighborhood to test its virtues, first as an external
«nd then as an internal remedy, especially for
diseases of the skin. The suooess of tlu o exneri-
ments established a local reputation for tl ' ater
to such an extent, that the proprietor ci fhe
springs found it to his interest to open a house « f
entertainment for the accommodation of those who
might desire to use them.

But the isolated character of the place, the
limited accommodations, and e^p^iciallj the ikct
that it was then out of the great •' Spring circle,"
and withal inconvenient to approach, pv^wnted for
several years any large vilitation to ilu^ place.
Bqt the reputation of the water, reaultj\ifv from
actual experience in its use, oontiuued to increase '
and extend, until the public demand for accommo-
dation forced an enterprise into the economy of
the establishmeiit that has resulted in the erection
of appropriate buildings, sufficient for the ao-
eommodation of six or eight hundred visitors, and
in greatly improving and beautifying the grounds
adjacent to the springs. StiU the increasing
reputation of the watws, and a conseq[uent in-
creasing patronage, so urgently demand f^fther
accommodations, that the proprietors art now
actively engaged in th« ereetion of new buildings
to be finished by the next season, and which will

%>^}

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

U 11.6

Photograiiiic

ScHices

Corporalion

23 WBT MAM STIHT

VmSIM,N.Y. 145M
(71«)t72-4903

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian InatituM lor HIatorlcal Microraproduetiona / InatHiit Canadian da microraproductlona hiatoriquaa

ROOEBBIDGB ALUM SPBINGNS.

271

still further increase their capacity to accom-
modate.

The property is now owned by Messrs. Frazier
& Bandolph, whose industry and enterprise give
ample guarantee that the extent of their accom-
modations will hereafter he commensurate with
the public demands.

Small reservoirs cut in the rock receive the
alum water as it percolates through a heavy cliff
of slate-stone. There are five of these reservoirs
or springs, all differing slightly from each other,
and also differing from themselves at different
times, being stronger, and the water also more
abundant, in rainy weather.

At the base of the same hill from which the

alum water issues, and a few hundred yards above,

is a good Chdybeaie Spring, which in many cases

'may be used either alone or in connection with the

alum water to great advantage.

These waters were analyzed by Professor Aug.
A. Hayes, of Boston, in 1852, with the following
results : —

Description and Analyaia of three Samples of Boch-
bridge Alum Water from Virginia.
"The samples presented perfectly clear, color-
less, and odorless water; the taste was very
stringent, with the more lasting impression
produced by iron salts. In closed vessels the
water may be heated without becoming turbid,
but boiling causes ochry matter to fall. . In the

272 HINBRAL WATEBS OV VIBaZNU.

composition of Rockbridge waters mucli more of
the salts of alumina is found than in the Bath
Alum water.

Bockbridge, No. 1.

A standard gallon at 60° F. contains —

Of bases: Sodium and soda ~..~ 0*250

Potash .........tiaces.

Ammonia » 0*471

Lime » 0*504

Magnesia 0*868

Alumina ..u....mm......-....» 4*420

Protoxide of iron. 1*748

Of adds: Sulphuric add. 82*626

Carbonic " ~... 2*628

Organic " 0*980

Silicic •••••••••••••« ••••••••••••■«•••••«• lO 4011

V/lllOnllO ••••*>•«••••••••§••••••••••••••••••• V wvi

The changes which take place in these waters hy ,

boiling, the action of sulphydric acid and salts of

silver, indicate that these proximate constituents

are combined to form the following salts : —

Sulphate of lime ~ 1*480

Sulphate of magneda. ~ 1*061

Protoxide of iron. ~~ 8*688

Alumina. 14*764

Chloride of sodium..~.......»...^ ....i 0*428

Silicate of soda. 2*544

Crenate of ammonia » 1*401

Free sulphuric add. 18*789

" carbonic add. ;.....,.» 2*628

46*747.
Pore water. 68825*258

58872*000

^iMMaMMli4iMk*>>iHiAJNi

a.«iiiiaA*ifMiiif*ili'»iW-Nil^itVMWliiii<^^

>^t.5t% K.aa^ig j gs;

ROOKBRmaB ALUM SPRXNOS.

273

lore of
a Bath

H350
uses.

K71
)-594
>-868
1-420
L-748
S'626
Se28
)-980
S-460
1257

kers by .
salts of
itaents

1-489
1-081
t-688
1-764
)-428
)-S44
L-401
)-789
)-628

(-258
i-000

Sample of Rockbridge Alum, No. 2.

One gallon of this sample measured at 60° F.
contains the following substances: —

As bases: Potasb .- ..„..„ 0-954

Sodium .....;. 0-401

Ammonia 0-800

Lime... 1-846

Magnesia 0*600

Protoxide of iron..... 2-804

Alumina 5-860

As acids: Sulpliuric acid. .84-210

Carbonic " ..~ 7856

Crenic " 0400

Silicic •• 2-840

Chlorine « 0-607

The acids unite to the bases, forming salts of
the following weights : —

Snlidute of potash. 1*765

" lime...- ~ .....* 8-268

" magneda - 1*768

Protoxide of hxm 4*868

Alumina 17-005

Oraiate of ammonia »....~ 0*700

Chloride of sodium.. ~ ~ ........:........ 1*006

SiUdcacid. - 2*840

Free sulphuric add. 15*224

Carixmic acid. - - 7-856

56*687
Pure water. ...58815*818

58^*000

=#5"

MINERAL WATERS Ol* VIROINIA.

Sample of Rockbridge Alum, No. 4.
One gallon of this sample afforded —

As bases: Potash traces.

SodiAm. , 0178

Ammonia. 0-860

Lime 1.848

Magnesia ISOS

Protoxide of iron ^a. 2-328

Almnina .'. ~... 7-210

Organic matter A 1*020

Of acids : Sulplraric acid.. 29-686

Carbonic " 4-208

Chlorine " ~. 0-266

SiUdc « 1-710

Crenlc "

860

Those, substapceisi combined as salts give the
following constituents : —

Chlorida of soditun 0*489

Sulphate of Ume...i 8-261

Sulphate of magnesia. ~ 4*418

Protoxide of iron » 4*698

Alomina. 24-OeS

Grenate of ammonia....^ 1*220

Vn» sulphuric add. ~ » 6*511

" cartmnic " '.. 4*208

" BlUcic " 1*710

Oii^uiic matter. 11)20

68821-440

68872*000

iilliliMliirtiritriv I

■> iV* MliiMir*'**'!*'*^''^'*".*

ROCKBHIDaE ALUM BPRINGS.

276

traces.

, 0178
0-860
1.846
1-608

, 2-228
7-210
1-000

29-686

, 4-208

, 0-266
1-710

. 860

In comparing these samples with those of the
Bath Alum Springs, it will be seen that they are
more highly acid in composition, and contain
besides more of the tri-sulphate of alumina in a
given volume. This salt gives character and
activity to these waters, and renders them
subjects of great interest when us^d as remedial
agents.

Of the waters hitherto described, those from
the Oak Orchard Acid Mineral Springs of
Alabama, Genesee County, New York, approach
most nearly to this composition.

The results of an analysis by Dr. James R.
Chilton, of Spring No. 1, are given for com-
parison : —

jive the

so-MO
21-440

72-000

Spring No. 1.
One gallon contains of —

Free solphorioacid ~ 82-06

Stdphate of lime • •• W-W

Protoxide of iron. • H'9i

Alumina. • '"^

Hagneda •.■ 8-28

saica. ^•- i-o*

Organic matter. 8-28

15916

Containing yearly three times the weight of
solid matter in the gallon, this water does not
afford more than half the amount of tri-sulphate

t^ £,i: ji d ij^>-

276

UINBBAL WATERS Of VIBOINIA.

of alumina which is found in the average of the
Bockbridge Alum Springs.

The supposed presence of arsenions acid, and the
expectation that more active bodies than those
named would be found, led to a careful examina-
tion of the black, decomposed shale from which
the Bath Alum water takes its rise. The shale
gave sulphates of iron, lime^ and alumina to pure
water, and contained an abundance of iron
pyrites. When two pounds of the clay were
decomposed, the resulting fluid contained no
arsenious acid or copper. The earthy part
afforded a trace merely of the phosphate of linae.
The same negative results followed an analysis of
the dry mass from four gallons of the mixed
waters.

The general conclusions following from the
results of thesp analyses are, that the Bath Alum
Springs, containing more ferruginous salts, and
having the sulphuric acid more equally neutral-
ized, approach more nearly in composition to
chalybeate waters. While the proportions of the
salts to the pure water may vary, the relation in
IcxnA will bo preserved.

The Bockbridge Alum waters, on the other
hand, have their iron salts almost masked in
their action by the predominance of free sulphuric
acid and tri-sulphate of alumina. In these, too,
we may expect the same general relation of hini
to prevail, although more or less of the salts is

SB^iiiifiiwtftini-iMnf'i

,kn t i yim mmuw»»^ t rt^ Wlii " .i

BOCKBBIDaB ALUM SPBIBTOS.

ge of the

1, and the
lan those
examina-
>m which
?he shale
a to pare
of iron
lay were
lined no
hy part
I of lime,
iialysis of
le mixed

from the
kth Alum
lalts, and
r neutral-
sition to
ns of the
ilation in

he other
tasked in
ralphnric
tiete, too,
n of hind
» salts is

present in the water. Both contain a portion of
iron oxide, united to organic compounds, which,
independently of the other salts and acids, would
constitute them chalyheate waters. In their
origin they are quite pure surface waters, which,
percolating through strata undergoing decompo-
sition, take from them their soluble mineral and
organic matters.

Such is the analysis of this interesting mineral
water, by the same distinguished chemist that
analyzed the waters of the Bath Alum Springs.

The analyses of these two waters, so essentially
resembling each other, are laid before the public
in this volume, and by comparing them, an op-
portunity is afforded the n^edical man of hypo-
thetically determining the character of each, and
to see at one View in what they agree, and in
what they differ from each other ; and hence, so
far as analysis can settle the question, to deter-
mine their relative powers and medicinal applica-
bility. Candor will have to admit, however, that
it is not analysis alone, nor principally, that can
satisfactorily determine the therapeutical char-
acter or medicinal adaptations of mineral waters.

Dr. Huntt, iu his pamphlet on the Red Sul-
phur, in alluding to Pr(yfe>Bor Sogers' analysis of
that spring, observes th .' '"it certainly does not ,
satisfactorily account for *')e wonderful effects of
the water." The same remark may be made in

S7I

MINERAL WATSBS OF VISOIKIA.

reference to the analysis of all our mineral \raters,
in connection with the well known and peculiar
operations of those waters, with the exception,
perhaps, of the simple chalyheates ; and this, it
is fair to presume, will continue to he true of any
analysis that can he made in the present state of
chemical science. It is well known to every one
at all acquainted with chemical science, that
compounds of a very dissimilar character are pro-
duced by the combination of the same elements in
different proportions, producing substances, in
some instances, of far greater activity than any
of the articles of which they are composed. There
is, perhaps, no better illustration of this than that
offered by the union of oxygen and nitrogen, pro-
ducing, when combined in one proportion, atfnoa-
pherio air, nitrous oxide in another, and nitric
dcid in & third.' Kor are we sure that the chemist
is able to detect all the ingredients which mineral
waters contain. The very teet9 which reveal some
of them to us may have the power of destroying
others, and these^ too, may be those in which the
medicinal properties reside. The remedial prop-
erties, then, of mineral waters cannot be determined
with any certainty by analyeie, however nicely con-
dUiCted, but must be ascertained by experience.
One dozen well "vtatched" cases, under the use
of a mineral water, will do more to determine
the medical powers and applicability of such
water than any analysis that can be made by the
ablest chemist.

n'-^'^^-W-^ff-'--fu

BOOKBBIDai ALUM SPRIH08.

1 \raters,
peculiar
:ception,
i this, it
e of any
state of
very one
ce, that
are pro-
ments in
noes, in
ban any
i. There
ban that
jen, pro-
I, atfnos'
id nitric
chemist
mineral
eal some
Btroying
hich the
al prop-
termined
»ly con-
»erience.
the nse
itermine
of such
9 hy the

An analysis of a mineral water satisfies curiosity
as to the materials the water is supposed to con-
tain, while it enables the medical man to form
some general conclusions as to the most prominent
characteristics of the water as a remedial agent.
Thus far, they are valuable, but singly and alone,
without the aid of observation and experience,
they never can be safely relied upon to guide in
the administration of a remedial water in indi-
vidual cases.

This position finds a pertinent illustration in
the Rockbridge Alum water. Who would not
say, looking at the analysis of this water alone,
that its operation would be that of an astringent
upon the system ? while the fact is, that it purges
seven out of ten that use it. Again, who would
have judged, from a mere analysis of the water,
that it was calculated to remove a great reproach
from the healing art, by constituting a reliable
remedy for scrofula, a disease hitherto so entirely
unmanageable ? Tet, experience has established
this fact beyond controversy.

Alum waters are of very recent introduction its
remedial agents, and close practical observation is
yet a desideratum as to their peculiar therapeu-
tical agency and most appropriate medicinal
.applicability. These waters certainly possess
unequivocal curative powers, and although their
reputation is now high, they are destined to ad-^
vance still further in public confidence. Ezperi-

280

MINBRAL WATBRS OV VIROINM.

ence has fully shown that they are very effica-
ciously used in many diseases of the skin and
glandular system ; and that in sero/uloua affeotionn
they offer new hopes to the afflicted.

But the name Alum, applied to this spring,
while it is intended to conform to the general
spring nomenclature of calling springs after some
one of their leading ingredients, is, medically
considered, a misnomer, and conveys the erro-
neous idea that its virtues are owing to the alum
it holds in solution.

Chemically considered, it is an aluminous aul-
phaied chalybeate, containing, as will he seen from
its analysis, many of the hest materials that are
found in the most valued mineral waters in
Europe, or this country. The protoxide of iron,
sodium, potash, lime, magnesia, and ammonia,
together -with sdlphuric, carbonic, orenic, chloric
and silicic acids, exist in the water in common
with alum. Some of these ingredients are found
in the most distinguished of the English and
German waters, particularly in those of Tun-
bridge, Harrogate, Leamington, and Aix-la-
Ohapelle ; as well as in the waters of the famous
Spa, in Oarthe; in those of Fassy, and in the
celebrated springs of Bagneres, in Qaronne, all
of which have acquired a world-wide celebrity,
for the cure of many diseases for which the Bock-
bridge Alum has been successfully prescribed.
The fact should always be borne in mind, by

e
t

^lfc>:H,ji!Ag !' > ! ef»i^.AJMg?t5'J!.H.J|

mi.:MgM,

ROOKBKIDOI ALUM SPRINOfl.

S8l

f offica-
cin and
leotiona

spring,
general
or Bome
edicalljr
le erro-
le alum

out auU
Bn from
hat are
ters in
of iron,
tmonia,

chloric
ommon
9 foand
eh and
f Tun-
Aix-la-
famous

in the
me, all
lebrity,
3 Bock-
bed,
ind, bjr

thoBO who aro investigating mineral waters, that
it is rather to the compound, than to any single
ingredient of a mineral water, that we aro to
look for its medicinal effioienoy, and the scope of
its applicability. That alum is an important
ingredient in the compound of this water, I do not
mean to question, but that it is so transcendently
important as to give name to the spring, is very
questionable. It is said that a rose by any other
name will smell as sweet, and so will this alumin-
ous sviphated chalybeate be just as efficacious under
the appellation of Alum. But the real objection
to the misnomer lies behind this, and exists in
the fact, that it is calculated to mislead the
uninitiated, in the absence of analysis, or careful
inquiry. Indeed, I have reason to know that
persons have not unfrequently been disinclined to
visit the Alum, influenced by the name alone, and
under the impression that the water, as its name
imports, would act as an astringent, and therefore
be hurtful to them . How great is the error of such
an opinion, every one who has been much at the
springs is aware ; for, so far from being astringent,
the Rockbridge Alum will gently purge two-thirds
of the cases submitted to its use.

But whether the name be, or be not, the best
that could have been adopted, it is now a fixture,
established by many years usage, and is not likely
ta be changed ; and my only object in calling
attention to the subject is to enter a caution against
84*

va-'

MIKBRAL WAIEBS OF VIRaiNIA.

persons being misled as to the character of the water
from the mere name of the spring.

These waters have been rapidly increasing in
the public favor and confidence since they first
became a resort for valetudinarians. They possess
rare, but well-established medicinal virtues, and
as their therapeutical applicability shall be more
closely and distinctly defined, they must still
further advance in popular and professional con-
fidence.

The immediate effects, of these waters, under
their full and kindly influences upon the system,
are those of a 'febrifuge tonic; resembling the
action of r.ome of our best vegetable medicines of
that class ; but superior to them, from their specific
tendency to the bowels and kidneys. .

By theitr diffusible astringent and tonic powers,
they resolve the congestions of engorged viscera,
and remove subacute inflammations ; thus releas-
ing and giving activity to the fluids, they fill up
the superficial capillaries and veins, and give a
full, slow pulse, with a warm surface, and soft
skin.

They purge mildly, perhaps, two-thirds of the
persons that use them freely. Their action upon the
bidneyt, is generally prompt, sure, and sometimes
active. Their action upon the ^'n is secondary,
and is the result of their sanative action upon the
blood-vessels and internal organs, by resolving
inflammation and congestions, — and hence,- is

"•"-r'-rrwdn

ROOKBRIOaB ALUM SPRINGS.

288

\0 water

tsing in
67 first
' possess
es, and
be more
ist still
lal oon-

, under
system,
ing the
sines of
specific

powers,
viscera,
I releas-
' fill up
gire a
nd soft

I of the
ipon the
netimes
ondarj,
pon the
solving
inoe,- it

always.to be regarded as a favorable indication in
the case.

Experience has fully shown that these waters
are very efficaciously prescribed in many diseases
of the skin and glandular system ; lupus and other
malignant ulcerations of the mouth and throat,
have been cured by them.

In various chronic affections of the digestive
organs, either simple, or implicating the liver,
they aro advantageously used.

They are very valuable in mesenteric affections,
particularly in persons, old or young, of scorbutic
tendencies.

In c^rmic diarrhoBa, they display speedy and
happy effects.

Being prompt and active as a diuretic, when
judiciously used, they are found very beneficial in ^
chronic irrOations, and dehility of the kidney, blad-
der, and urethra.

To several of the affections commonly known as
femaie diseases, they are very happily adapted. "
In leutxnrhata, as would readily be inferred from
their composition, they are an admirable remedy ;
often curing that disease, although it has been a
complaint of long standing. In menorrhagia,
unattended with plethora of the blood-vessels,
and with the system in a condition to bear
tonics, they may be prescribed with great confi-
dence. In amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhcea, where
ft phlogosed state of the system does not contrar

284

MINSBAL WATBBS OV VntOIKU.

indicate the use of mineral tonics, they i^ay he
used to eminent advantage. In the cMorotic
condition of the female system generally, and
especially wjien the tendency is great to paucity
or poverty of biood, the waters will he used to
much adyantage.

In ancemic conditions generally, and in cases of
dehility and loss of tone in the nervous system,
they may he administered with much confidence.

Bronchitis, when in connection with a strumous
diathesis, may he treated hy these waters to great
advantage ; in such cases, it will he found to he
on6 of our hest remedies.

In Ocutralgia, or nervous dyspepsia, they often
act most kindly and effectively, hy changing the
action of the mucous memhrane, and relieving it
of its suhi^sute irritation.

They actively promote the appetite, and in-
vigorate the digestive powers.

But it is especially in Scnfida, that these waters
have won their highest honors and estahlished a
reputation, not only among the hest . mineral
waters of this country, hut of the world. Their
happy comhination of tonic, alterative, diuretic
and aperient qualities, render them an efficient
remedy in many of the ills of humanity; hut
especially in the various forms of atrvmoiu disease,
and even their worst forms, they merit confidence
and deserve praise. In this formidahle class of
affections, whether exhibiting itself in the

ROOKBBIDQB ALUM SPRINOS.

286

19 ay be
•hlorotio
y, and
paucity
ised to

cases of
system,
Sdence.
ruinous
;o great
i to be

y often
ng the
iving it

kud in-

I waters
ished a
aineral
Their
liuretio
)ficient
j; but
lisease,
ifidence
;las8 of
in the

|ftllf l j)| » i>hailjr ii .jrX l j)|(-B illi I

hardened and enlarge'd glands, and in ulcerations
in children — in ophthalmic inflammations ; in
mesenteric indurations, or in its more intense and
pervading development of adult life, they have
been extensi*rely used; and generally with great
benefit to the sufferers.

Scrofula, or Kings Evil, has heretofore, to a
large extent, stood as a reproach to the healing
art ; for although occasional remedies have claimed
reputation for its cure, and often not without solid
merit, it may well be doubled whether any has
yet come into popular use, that is more generally
successful than the Bockbridge Alum waters,
when properly administered. This opinion of
their high merit fn such cases, is not the result
of slight observations, or of their fortunate effects
in one or two remarkable cases ; on the contrary, it
is the result of the know^ledge of their employment
for many years, in cases of various degrees of
intensity, and in patients of dissimilar ages and
constitutions. The suffering of thousands, in
whom the germ of scrofula is implanted, (or who
are laboring under its developed evils, and who
are not likely, as I believe, to obtain a mote
efficient remedy than is afforded by these waters,)
will be esteemed a sufficient justification for the
earnestness with which I indicate my confidence
of their use in such cases. But let me not be
misunderstood as intending to convey the impres--
sion that they will cure every case of this disease,^

S86

MIHXBAIi WATBB8 OT YIBGINIA.

whatever may be its seat, character, or combina-
tion ; both my judgment and experience fall short
of this twnolusion ; but they both concur in
regarding the remedy as among the best, if not
the very best, now known for "wrofula, and
one that is calculated to brighten the hopes of
those who may be the subjects of this formidable
malady.

^ The Bookbridge Alum, as therapeutic water, is
not a negative agent ; its effect^ upon the system
are positive, direct, and palpable. It is, in a high
sense of the term, a tnetUcimd water, capable,
when properly directed and applied, of doing
great good in a wide circle of cases, or when
injudidously used, of disappoiniing hopes, and
producing injury. It does not belong to that
anomalous class of agents of which it is often said
*^^*they will do»np harm if they do no good."
8nch being the potent character of these wateris,
the ittipportance that cases, which are to be
■ubmMNlBd to their use, shouM be carefully
discriminated, and that the water should be
employed under ihe direction of judgment and
experience, must be apparent to all. It is a
fortunate circumstance for the invalid public, as
well as [for the solid reputation of the springs,
that severid medical gentlemen of intelligence
and acquirements, are in the habit of making their
residence there during the watering seasons,
whose experience has made them famiUar with

f
v
c
1:

'IWis i i i jaiiij jtfi rtMrit iii i.^^ ^ ^

i V0i flf/ft » j ^v^ ifi ( ili ^ liiiti ili ^^iti0^ ^ nu .

BOOKBRIDOB ALUM SPRINaS.

28t

combina-
fall short
racur in
it, if not
ila, and
hopes of
rmidable

nrater, is
) system
in a high
capable,
>f doing
)r when
)es, and
: to that
•ften said
good."
waters,
» to he
;arefiuUy
ould he
lent and
It is a
iblic, as
springs,
illigencie
ng their
seasonsi
iar with

the powers and applicabilities of the water, and
who are therefore qualified to direct the invalid in
its proper use.

The bcUhing estcMishmeni at this place, completed
within tho last year, succeifsfully supplies a want
that visitors had previously experienced. Not
only the ordinary hot, cold and shower baths are
supplied, but also the Btusian vapor bath, a style
of bath heretofore but little known to the masses ,
of our people. This steam bath, which is simply
the vapor of pure mountain water, is, as adminis-
tered here, one of the greatest luxuries of bathing.
Simply as a means of thoroughly deanaing the aikin,
and so of invigorating the whole system and
equalising the circulation, it is, perhaps,
unexcelled efen by the famous Turkish bath as
administered at Constantinople. When the public
become more familiar with the use of the simple
steam bath, and the popular idea of its hazard
gives way to the results of actual experience, it
must become a favorite not only as a luxury, but
also as a hygienic agent.

The Alum water has become an extensive
article of commerce, and is largely transported
from the springs, both in wood and glass, to be
used by persons at a distance, and is believed to
contain all, or most, of its curative powers, after
being thus transported.

The residuary salts of the water obtained by
evaporation, are also a subject of transportation,

■MWMU^tNriHMMa^MMMWlMIKEi

288

HIRIRAL WATIB8 01 VIRaiHU.

and are frequently used in substitution, where the
water cannot be procured. A piece of this
residuum, or mass, of the size of a common pea,
dissolved in a half-pint of common water, will
make it of about the strength of the water at the
spring. This mass* administered in the dose of
from three to four grains, in aromatic syrup of
rhubarb, and repeated thrice daily, has proved a
. valuable remedy in obstinate bowel complaints of
children, produced from teething, when unat-
tended with fever. In adillt practice, it is
sometimes beneficially used in the dose of from
five to fifteen grains, to strengthen and promote
digestion.

The proprietors of this watering place have
adopted the plan of keeping open their establish-
ment for the use of invalids, during the spnnj^r and
fall mouths, as well as during the summer.

This is an excellent arrangement, inasmuch as
it affords to invalids the opportunity of using the
waters fresh at the spring, unannoyed by the
summer crowd. The strength of the water, and
its medicinal action upon the system, will be
found to be essentially the same during the spring,
summer, and fall. .

fiMi

iMHIW

where the

of this

imon pea,

ater, will

iter at the

e dose of

syrup of

proved a

plaints of

en nnat-

30, it is

> of from

, promote

ace hare
establiah-
tpringvad
er.

smuch as
uing the
d bjr the
ater, and
, will be
le spring,

■ iiittrM

miimmimimmmmiimmmmi»mmmmmmm0mmimmiimmm)f!>>

BATH ALUM 8PIUKCNB.

CHAPTER XVII.
BATH ALTTM SPRINOS.

Thb Bath Alum Springs are situated near the
eastern base of the Warm Spring Mountain, on
the main stage road leading from Staunton to
the Warm Springs, forty-five mJIfB west from
the former, and five miles ' east- from the latter
place.

The valley, in which they arise, is an extensive
cove, irregularly encircled by mountains, with
an unproductive sandy soil, and affords indications
of salubrity and healthfulness.

It is only within the last five years that these
springs began to attract public attention as a
mineral water ; and it does not exceed eight yewcs
since the grounds near the springs, now so
elegantly and tastefully improved, were a wild
and primitive forest. This great change, by
which the "desert was made to blossom as the
rose," was brought about by the energy of-
the late lamented John W. Frazier, Esq.,
8tt

..j.i. ii i^ i ni,..i|l l^;t||i;

iMMIill

a'lii ii jW,.^ jWMJi ii i.ipiro i i i i ! |ijj. i !;

MINBRAL WATraS Off YntQINIA.

whose family itill own a large interest in the
property.

The improvements here are extensive, substan-
tial, and convenient, affording comfortable and
elegant accommodations for a largo company.

The Alum waters issue from a slatestone cliff of
twelve or fifteen feet high,<and are received into
ft2;4«ll reservoirs, that have ^n excavated near
each other in the rock. These different springs,'
or reservoirs, differ essentially from each other.
One of them is a very strong chalybeate, with but
little alum ; another is a milder chalybeate, with
more alumina ; while the others are alum of
different degrees of strength, but all containing
an apprecialU quantity of iron.

Prof. Hayes, of Boston, the same gentleman to
whom we are indebted, for the analysis of several
of our mineral' springs, has analyzed the waters
of the Bath Alum, and renders the following
results from his chemical investigations.

"A standard gallon (68*872 grs.) was the
measure of each water used in the determination
of the quantities of the substances found. The
experiments necessary for ascertaining the
presence or absence of other substances than
those named, were made on much larger
quantities, so as to render the chemical history
more exact.

«The first sample, Bath Alum No. 1,* at the

* BefbRing to the lowest spring.

BATH ALUM BPBIHQB.

a»i

t in the

ittbstan-
bble and
my.

ke cliff of
ived into
bed near
springs,
ih other,
with but
hte, with
»lum of
Qtaining

ieman to
r several
) waters
allowing

was the
nination
id. The
ng the
es than
larger
history

" at the

temperature of 60° F. one standard g^A^ion of this
water contains : —

Boda :. 0-720

Potadi »»•«*••

Ammoiii* ~ 0^

MagneaiiL 0-MO

Protoxide of Inm v " •*'''•

Ahunliu .«• •••• Mi.M.x 8*080

Of Moldt: Bulphorio tcW. W'W

Carbonic " *1<»

BUido " IMO

Orgmic '• " !•<»*

Chlorino " ••• •••• •••••«••• v 107

••••••••t*t ■•■

"When their proximate constituents are
arranged, so as to represent, as nearly as it is
possible, the compounds which experiments prove
to exist in the water, the composition of the whole
may be expressed as —

68KM-587
5-806
4-140
8-805

s-sn

Fore water.

Free solph. add..

Carbonic add

Solpbate of lime
BoliAate of _
Protoxide inm ....« **""

Chloride of MkUom. ~ - - W™

Bffioate of loda. - *"<**

Crenato of ammonia...... ~— I'M®

Ojjs^ added to wdinm ••; 0^^

45-448

i i ili i .ij|ii

.i. i ,i i , i | i i!l iiii a!|ij|| ii p)P'

mn ■ MiKiiuL WATnu or tiroinia.

Saiifijih No. 2, Bath Alum No. 8.
"In one gallon 'of this sample there were
oontained—

AibUM: Potaah...... „ 0.140

Soda 0-850

Ammonia „ „ 0*468

Hagneaia. 0'480

Lime »....., 1*040

Protoxide of iroo. 10*814

Alomina „ 8*680

Aa adda: Balphiirio acid. 80*8S0

Cftrbonio " .„ „ 8*846

Organic " „ 1810

SiUcic " 8-800

ClUorine " trace.

"These substances united in the form of salts
as existing in the water, give the matter foreign
to pure water.

"The composHion of the gallon in grains ii

Pnre water. 68817*806

Free anlphoric add..... „..,. 7-878

Carbonic add.... » 8*846

Snlphate of potaah 208

Mweaia „ 1-888

^^*^ 8*580

Protoxide of iron..... ^..,.„ 81*776

Alnmin* - 18*2US

prenate of ammonia 1770

Silicate of soda. 8*150

64*708
Pore water. „„....68817*208

08878*000

MMNMVHi

mmmmmmii

mtfrnmimm

mmimmimgititBli

BATH ALUM BPBINQM.

298

re were

0.140
0-8S0
0-468
0-486
1-040
10-814
8-680
10-880
8-846
1-810
8-800
trace.

of salts
foreign

ni is—

7-806
7-878
8-846
888
1-888
8-S89
1-776

i-im

1-776
8180

4^
7-808

«' This sample differs from the first in acting
much uioro strongly on the organs of taste, and
the quantity of free sulphuric acid is larger than
in that water. Both thiin waters are highly acid
in their action, although the acid is united to
hases, which in part neutralize its power. When
hy hoiliag a deposit takes place, if the heat is
continued, the deposited matter re-dissolves as the
water evaporates.

"When much reduced in volume by evapo-
ration, the excess of acid chars the organic acid
present, and alters the composition of the salts.
" In . considering the composition ot these
waters, the protoxide of iron is assumed to he
united to the sulphuric acid. The change pro-
duced by heating is referred to" the action of the
crenate of ammonia, and is the same as ordinarily
where crenates, free from apocrenates, are
naturally contained in a water. When mixpd
with the soluble salts of silver and exposed to
light, the gray color is entirely distinct from that
produced by either apocrenates, humates or any
decomposing matter. When the metallic silver
and oxide of iron, resulting from the first action,
are removed, the mixture by evaporation continues
to afford brilliant scales of metallic silver, until
reduced to a small volume.

"The gaseous matter in these waters is a
mixture of carbonic acid, nitrogen, and a small
proportion of oxygen, and the measure is about
85*

.■ji i . ' .ij j iia.;," ' '" "' "

HINBRAL WAIBBS OF VHiaiKIA.

one volume of the mixed gases to forty volumes
of the water. The carbonic acid is given hy
weight, so that a uniform expression of acid
relation is adopted,- and no misconception can
arise, if the reader bears in mind the fact, that
carbonic acid has more than twice the acid or
neutralizing power possessed by the strongest
fluid sulphuric acid."

Dr. Strother, an intelligent physician, who long
resided in the neighborhood, thought *cry favor-
ably of them in acro/uloua, eruptive and dyepepHc
affectiona. He also bears testimony to their good
effects in old hepatic derangemmta, chronic d^rrhcea,
(Tronic thrush, nervous debUitp, and in various
uteritie diaeasea, especially in the worst forms of
menorrhagia, and in Jluar dibus, both uterine and
vaginal.

In chlorotic females, and in a broken-down con-
dition of the nervous system, often in males the
result of youthful improprieties, as well as when
the system is tmoBmio, but free from obstinate
visceral obstructions, this water promises to be
very beneficial.

Its high chalybeate and aluminous impregnation
manifests decided tonic and astringent powers,
ai^d indieates its adaptation to a number of diseases,
such as hsBmorrhages of the passive character, the
profluvia, obstinate cutaneous and ulcerative
diseases, and anamio conditions of the system
generally, that are unattended with visceral
obstructions.

BOOKBBIDOB BATHS.

295

volumes
iven hy
of acid
tion can
tot, that
acid or
trongest

rho long
y favor-

sir good
arrhcea,
various
orms of
ine and

urn con-
ties tbe
ks when
)8tinate
I to he

;nation
lowers,
iseases,
er, the
erative
system
isceral

CHAPTEB XVni.

BoMridgt Batht—Daggar't iSpring»—CM Suljphw 8pring»—
BtrHUng Bpringt.

ROCKBRIDGE BATHS.

This new Virginia 8pa is situated in the County
of Bockbridge, on the stage road from Lexington
to the Ooshen Depot, on the Central Railroad, and
about equi-distant frotn the two places.

The waters of these baths are impregnated witb
iron, and abounds richly in carbonic acid gas.
There are here two bold springs, furnishing suffi-
cient water for two bathing establishments. The
property is owned by a company of gentlemen
residing in Rockbridge, who, in the course of the
last few years, have erected handsome and con--
venient improvements, capable of accommodating
from 15U to 200 visitors.

As a tonic bath, adapted to nervous diseasCa,
general debility^ and to that comprehensive class
of cases found to be so essentially benefited by
tonic bathing — and especially after the use of
alterative mineral waters — these baths will be
found highly efficacious, and are destined to be a
favorite resort to a large class of invalids.

*)«#■

296

MINERAL WATBBS OF TtBOINIA.

They are conveniently reached, either fr»m
Lexington or Goshen Depot, by stages running
over well-graded roads.

DAQGAR'S SPRINGS.

Daogar's Spring is in the extreme northwestern
portion of Botetourt County, thirty miles east of
the great Alleghany chain of mountains, and just
at the western base of the Garden mountain, on
the main, road from Lynchburg to the White
Sulphur, by way of the James Biver .Canal. It is
nineteen miles west, by a direct road, from the
Natural Bridge, and twenty-eight miles from that
place by the way of Buchanan, the route usually
traveled.

The spring was first opened as a watering place
some forty years 6go, by a gentleman by the name
of Daggar, and hence its name. Subsequently,
it was owned by the late James W. Dibrell, Esq.
of Bichmond. The present proprietor is Mr.
Shields, whose good cheer and kindly attention to
his guests, makes him favorably knowii to the
public.

!rhe improvements here are neat, appropriate
and ctHufortable, and calculated for two hundred
persons. i

The company that assembles at this place has
heretofore been largely composed of persons from
the towns and villages of the surrounding country,

i iWMM i iiitaiiM^

l l! WW g j|immiWi.'M»J'ttii.U, i U.l.

"■ii i .rfi i w

daggar's spbinqs.

297

ber frDm
running

hwestern
es east of
and just
ntain, on
le White
al. It is
from the
from that
e usually

ing place
the name
squently,
rell, Esq.
r is Mr.
ention to
Q to the

propriate
hundred

)lace has
ions from
country,

and from Eastern Virginia, constituting a most
agreeable and sociable circle. Indeed, the place
has long been remarkable for sociability, and there
are few, if any situations in our mountains, where
a period of relaxation from the cares and business
of life can be more agreeably spent. Free and
easy social intercourse, sanctioned and sustained
by the polite courtesies of life, while it is delightful
in itself, powerfully contributes to the relief of
many ills that flesh is heir to. It well deserves to
be taken into the account of the advantages ac-
cruing to the invalid at watering places, and
cannot for a moment be overlooked by those who
resort to such places for pleasure merely.

The spring, which arises at the termination of a
pretty lawn in front of the hotel, and about two
hundred yards distant from it, is a very bland and
agreeable sulphur water, acting kindly as a
diur^iCf aperient, and gentle alterative. Holding
in solution essentially the same medicinal ingre-
dients, though probably not in as large amount
as distinguish our strongest sulphur waters, it
may be used advantageously in the various
diseases for which sulphur waters generally are
employed. Being less exciting than many of
them, and acting at the same time kindly on the
various emunctories, it is better adapted to some
cases than the more potent waters.

Professor Bogers has examined this water
chemically, but failed to make his analysis quan-
titative.

!ffW??frWf1)&.

298

MINERAL WATSfiS OF VIBOINIA.

The gcueous contents are found to consist of —

CarlK>nic acid,
Sulphuretted hydrogen,

The aoUd contents of —
Carbonate of magnesia,
Carbonate of soda,
Peroxide of iron.

Oxygen,
Nitrogen.

Sulphate of soda,
Chloride of sodium ,
Silica dissolved.
He also found organic maiter, containing chloride

o/potassiumj nitrogen^ carbonate of iron, and oar-

honate of ammonia.

Daggar's Springs are very valuable mineral
waters. The character of the salts found to exist
in them compares favorably with our first dass
sulphur waters. Their entire exemption from the
sulphate and carbonate of limo, so commonly
impregnating sulphur waters, while they hold in
solution the cdrbonate, sulphate and chloride of
sodium, with the chloride of potassium, is well
worthy of note in estimating their value and
peculiar adaptations.

Their composition, while it points th«n but as
a hland and agreeable remedy for irritable con-
ditions of the stomach and bowels, particularly
indicates their adaptation to gouty diatkesisy and
for, several forms of cystic mnd renal affections.
Experience in the use of the waters has very satis-
factorily shown, that, in diseases of the kidneys
and bladder, attended with discharges of sabulous
ooncrotions, (and, consequently, with a tendency

mmmmmmmm

mtmm

-*<<g

tJUBSO!!^-'-

rtof—

of soda,
f sodium,
lolved. ;
g chlorich
and oar-
mineral
i. to exist
irst dass
from the
ommonly
Y hold in
iloride of
, is well
ftlue and

m out as
ible con-
ticularly
iesM>and
ffections.
ery satis-
kidneys
sabulous
tendency

DAOaAR'8 SPBINQ8.

299

to calcultta,) they have been employed with excel-
lent success. The benefit derived in such cases
is due in part to their tendency to increase the
flow of urine, thus affording an easier exit for the
extraneous matter, and doubtless, in part, to their
specific effects in alterating the fluids upon whose
condition the morbid tendency depends.

In simple Dytpepna, these waters are found
eminently serviceable ; and the same may be said
of chronic affections of the abdominal viscera

generally.

In derangements of the hUiary organg, unat-
tended with obstinate obstructions, they are used
to great advantage.

The Daggar's Springs are waters upon the use
of which the invalid, who desires gentle aperieiU,
diuretic, or oKcrortw effects, may enter with much
hope, and without that fear of over-stimulating
the organs which demands a prompt and decided
caution in the use of many sulphur waters.

Persons travelling from the South or Southwest,
who wish to go to Daggar's, Aheuld leave the
Virginia and Tennessee Kailroad at Buford's
Depot, thirty-seven miles west of Lynchburg.
From that point stages run over graded roads to
Daggar's, a distance of twenty-eight miles.

From the White Sulphur, Sweety and Bed Sweet
Springs, Daggar's arc equi^listant, being about
forty-three miles from either place.

IXtP^iiipt"

300

lONEBAIi WAXEBS 0I> TIBOIKU.

COLD SULPHUR SPRING.

This is *a very pleasant Sulphur Spring, about
seven miles east of the Rockbridge Alum, and
two miles west from Ooahen Depot, on the Central
Railroad, in the County of Rockbridge.

Theater of this Spring haisi not been analyzed.
It is distinctly of the sulphurous character, how-
ever, and has acquired a considerable amount
of fevor as a medicinal agent, as well as a pleasant
place of resort, with those who have visited it.

The accommodations, under the management of
the owner, Mr. Seech, are sufficient for about one
hundred persons.

The general medicinal adaptations of the water
are the same as those of the other Sulphurous
waters pf the country, which have been fully
noticed in treating of the White Sulphur waters,
&c., &c. '

• VARIETY SPIONOS.

Tms name has been given to a series of fountains
in close connection with each other, in the County
of Augusta, seventeen miles west from the town
of Staunton, and near the " Pond Gap " Station,
on the Central Railroad.

These springs ue entirely new in their intro-
duction to public notice, and as yet very little

i iii. wMiii i i

Kimnmiu i i.i i iy, ij.i i .ji

"'■ 'i giw i ie*!

H^illMtia

gBSfS^&ji

VARIBTT SPUNOB.— filRIBUra'S SPRINGS. 301

ig, about
lum, and
e Central

analyzed,
iter, how-
> amount
• pleasant
ted it.
;ement of
tbout one

;be water
Iphurous
len fully
r waters,

improvement has been made here for entertaining
company. For -the last year or two they have
been quite successful in attracting Wsitors from
the immediate surrounding country.

The name Variety, applied to these springs,
seems to be appropriate and well-chosen, as there
are here not only an Alum and a Chalybeate
spring, and one of the peculiar characteristics of
th^ Healing spring, in the County of Bath, but
also several others diflfering from all these, but
of whose precise character have not been well
defined.

These waters have been too short a time in use
to have established any thing like a definite
record of theip medicinal virtues or adaptations ;
nor have any of them, I believe, been analyzed ;
their favorable location, however, and the variety
and promising character of their waters, bid fair
to bring them prominently into public notice, and
ultimately to induce to the erection of such im-
provements as a growing patronage will demand.

buntains
) County
the town
Station,

ir intrq-
ry little

)Hi|iii<.ii|iii;iH|jil^l|pH

STRIBLINO'S SPRINOS.

This watering place has been known and visited
for more than, thirty years. It derives its name
from Erasmus Stribling, Esq., who first improved
it in reference to its mineral properties.

'These springs are in the county of Augusta,
26

xSmiM

MINERAL WATKB0 OV VIBQINU.

thirteen miles north of Staunton, from which they
may be conveniently reached by stage-coaohes.

For many years this place was valued mainly
on account of its Sulphur and Chalybeate yirtAeTB,
but within the last few years an Alum Spring of
much promise has been opened near the Sulphur
fountain, and the place now presents the three
varieties of Sidphur, Alum and Chalybeate, to the
choice of the visitant. >

The Sulphur Spring has been long known as -a
safe and valuable water of its kind, efficacious for
the various diseases for which such waters are *
generally employed.

Professor Campbell, of Washington College, has
analyzed this spring, and produceli the following
results from a atandard gallon of the water :

OHrtwnic add gu....^........ 8'2BOealic in. 8-899 gndns.

Snlpli. hydrogen gaB..~.......8-470 " M18 "

Solphate of potaaaai~ 0-441 "

" of sods. 0-818 " •

Chloride of aodlmn. 01110 "

Curbonate of soda 1-208 **

** of Iime....>.~ 6-817 "

" ' of magnesia...... 8-864 "

Phoepliate of Ihne OOOS '•

Silicate of soda. 0*858 "

Oigiaic matter. 1-229 "

18-7W ••
Thb Alum Spring has also been analysed by

A^uiiijriMi'niugjii i ii i iliiMyiii,.

-si

lich they
«hes.
. mainly
s waters,
spring of
Sulphur
he three
i, to the

»wii as 'a
cious for
ters are

ege, has
lUowing
r:

indiu.

u
u
u

jsedby

siribuno'b bpbinos.

303

Professor Oamphell, with the following results

from a standard gallon of the water :

•

Snlpluite of iron IS'iSS graini.

Teraulphatfl of ilQiiiiiia. 16-67S "

Sulphate of poUaM. 1-8M "

" of lime. ^ «-877 "

" of magnesia. 8-871 "

Chloride of sodium 0-640 "

Orenate of ammonia 0*680 "

Silica 1-5B0 "

Free sulphuric acid. 91)99 "

Carbonic acid gas »... 8-575 "

65-859 "

A comparison of this analysis with that of the
Bockhridge Alum, shows a striking similarity,
not only in the character of the ingredients con-,
tained in the two waters, hut also in the relative
proportion of such ingredients.

While this water holds in solution a larger
amount of aidphcUe of tron, magneaia, and 7«m«,
it contains Somewhat less of alumina, potcuaa,
aodium, sUioa, and ammonia. The Bockhridge
Alum, it will he seen, contains a greater weight
of ndphuric and carionic acid gas.

While both public and professional opinion of
the value of this water is very favorable, there
seems, nevertheless, not to havb been any con-
siderable amount of careful and practical observa-
tion of its peculiar therapeutic effects, in a large
circle of oaaes^ To ascertain the precise thera-

MnraRAL WATBB8 OF viRonru.

peutio agency and adaptation of a mineral water,
it ig a matter of the utmost importance that the
pathological character of the cakes submitted to
its use should be accurately defined, and the
effects of the water carefully noted ; under such a
system of observation, a mineral water will soon
make out its own independent record, to the great
advantage of the invalid public, and to its own
solid reputation.

But in the absence of such actual observation of
its effects, the essential similarity of this water to
the Rockbridge waters, whose virtues and adapta-
tions are now pretty well known, leaves no reason-
able doubt of ^.ae great value of this spring ; and
indicates wit^L a good deal of clearness its adapta-
tions to the various forms of diseases so happily
treated by the waters whose chemical composition
it so much reseijibles.

Dr. Blair, who resides in the neighborhood of
the spring, speaks favorably of its effects in
Soro/tda, Ghronic ZHarrhcea, diseases of the Skin,
t rA in general debility. There can, we think,
be no doubt of its Useful employment in such
cases.

Dr. C. B. Harris recommends it highly in cases
in which fontcs or t^ercUivnes are indicated ; and
Dr. J. L. Davis awards it to the credit of "re-
lieving a Oastro-enteriHa and Chronic Dyaptjwia,
in his own case, of fifteen years' standing."

Nature has been bountiful to Stribling's Springs,

il water,
that the
kitted to
and the
)r such a
rill soon
he great
its own

ration of
water to
adapta-
reason-
ag; and
adapta-
happily
position

rhood of
foots in
lie Shin,
i think,
in such

in cases
id; and
of "re-
^aepna,
•
Jprings,

kawiat's ipbinw. Mi

not only in the variety of their mineral waters,
hut in blessing them with a highly iwlubrious
climate. Protected from the northern blasts by
ranges of hills, delicate persons are well secured
against the sudden vicissitudes of weather oocur-
ring early or late in the season, and may there-
fore visit them earlier in the spring, and remain
later in the fall, than might be prudent in more
exposed situations.

CHAt»TER XIX.

Jbwfay** Sprtngt—Bunuii't Bprmg$, or The Sn»» UnuUa t m
Jordaii$ White Sulphur Bpringe—Shannondak Springt.

RAWLBY'8 SPRING.

Bawuet'b Speino is situated on the southerni
slope of the North Mountain, in the County of
Rockingham, twelve miles northwest fircm Har-
risonburg, and about one hundred and twenty
miles northeast from the White SulphUTi

The Bawley water is a strong and pure cA(%&e-
ate, and well adapted to cases requiring such a

2«»

-mm

MIKBBAI. WATIM OF YIMIHlA.

The writer baa had some personal experience in
the use of this water, and for many years has
been in the habit of occasionally directing its use
in cases to which it is applicable. As a pure iron
tonic, it deserres to stand at the very head of that
class of remedies.

In that class of female affections dependent iipm
debUity, or want of tone in the uterine system, the
water is an exceedingly valuable remedy. Its
salutary effects in oases of this description are
often as remarkable as they are gratifying, re-
storing the functions of the debilitated organ, and
imparting vigor and health to the whole system.

The Rawley waters are the strongest chalybeate
known to me ; and if their great tonic virtues
were more generally known, and especially their
Tery superior efficacy in the class of /male de-
rangements just' alluded to, they would be much
and beneficially resorted to by those who frequent
watoring places.

In -some forms of dyspepsia, aud in pervous
diseases with general debility and unattended
with organic obetructions, these waters are used
with great success. The same may be said of
their employqiient in many cases of leucorrhcea
and gteet, and especially in that peculiar form of
nervous and mental debility, the frequent result
of youthful improprieties.

The water of this spring has never been
analyzed, but it is evident that the iron is held in

■MiaBgHiMiiHiigi^^

■umib's bprikos.

801

rionco in
ears has
g its use
mre iron
d of that

ieni tipon
rtenif tho
dy. Its
ition are
ing, re-
gao, and
system.
kalybecUe
i virtues
Ily their
male de-
30 much
frequent

perrous
attended
Rre used
said of
Borrhosa
form of
it result

r heen
held in

g^i i ff i iwim i'

solution in the form of a carbonate, which is the
least irritating and the most efficient form ip
which it exists in mineral waters.

The accommodations at Bawley's are not exten-
sive — sufficient, perhaps, for one hundred and
fifty persons, and about that number may often
be found there in the course of the season.

BURNER'S SPRINGS, OTHERWISE CALLED THE
SEVEN FOUNTAINS,

Abb situated on the western base of the Massa- ,
nutten Mountain, in the County of Shenandoah.

The position of these springs is elevated and
salubrious, affording a pleasant and healthful
resort for the invalid during the hot months of
summer. The scenery around is picturesque and
beautiful ; and from the summits of the Fort,
and Massanutten Mountains, that surround the
springs, unsurpassed in its extent and rural
loveliness. *

In a bowl-like hollow, and within a circle whose
radius does not exceed a few rods, rise the ** Seven
Fountains," not homogeneous, but differing in
temperature and character from each other.

The central spring is a sulphur Water, and
within a few yards of it, are two others of the
same general character, but differing somewhat
in temperature and chemical composition. At a

&&mM>r

•«i3i5»v,v;.

' ^l^^^^^!S^ k ^ l ^l!^^0sg^!^-.'^

MINERAL WATERS OF VIEOINU.

few pace distant are /ree«/onc, slate, and limestone
springs, and very near, still another, called the
WiUow Spring, differing from all the others.

The temperature of the Blue Sulphur is 60°
Fah., and its water is reported to contain in its gas-
eous cmterUa, sulph. hydrogen and carh.. acid ; and
in its solid contents, sulph. soda, sulph. magnesia,
sulph. lime, carbonate magnesia, carbonate lime,
chloride calcium, chloride sodium, and proto-
sulph. iron, but in what relative proportions has
not been ascertained.

The White Sulphur is reported to contain the
saine ingredients as the ^^ Blue," with the ad-
dition of the chloride of magnesia, and the excep-
tion of the j^ro/o-atfZ^j/t. tron.

Judging from the analysis before us, these two
springs do not very essentially differ from each
other.

The Willow Spriko, in its gaseous contents con-
tains carbonic add; in its solids, carbonate soda,
carbonate magnesia, carbonate lime, qhloride
sodium, alumina, and organic matter.

The Chaltqeatb Spriko is a carbonated water,
in which is found carbonate of magnesia, lime,
soda, and iron, with sulphates of soda and lime.

The various Dyspeptic depravities, functional
derangements of the abdominal viscera, chronic
diseases of the Skin, Kidneys and Bladder, as well
as general debility, with nervous mobility, will be
advantageously treated by these waters.

' ' * ' ;*!y*'* '*' a P j g 9 !lll R^Jt>Se.g- ' KI&. ' """ ' " ■■ ■'^ ' H';; ' |! i .n i ^; ' ! ; .

■WW*

imestone
tiled the
trs.

B is 60°
a its gaa-
cid ; and
agnesia,
ite lime,
1 proto-
ions has

tain the
the ad-
e except

lese two
>m each

in<«con-
•e soda,
^loride

water,
i, lime,
1 lime,
tctional
chronic
as well
irill he

JORDAN'S WHITB SULPHUB SPRINQS.

309

These springs may be conveniently reached
from Woodstock, eight miles distant.

JORDAN'S WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS.

Thbsb springs are in Frederick County ,Virginia,
five miles from the town of Winchester, and one
and a half from Stephenson's Depot, a point on
the Winchester and Harper's Ferry Railroad.
They are situated in a small valley, surrounded
hy hills of no great altitude. The earth in the
vicinity of the springs is blended with slate, very
porous, and readily absorbs all the water that
falls upon it. Hence, it is as remarkable for its
dryness, as is the neighborhood for its exemption
from vapors and fogs. The grounds about the
springs are well covered with grass ; are suffi-
ciently extensive for pleasant promenades ; and,
withal, are shaded by a variety of omanaental
trees, among which are found the aspen, willow,
sycamore, ash, cedar, etc.

From* several of the surrounding hills, pleasant
views may be had of the Blue Ridge and Alleghany
Mountains, and the immense gap at Harper's
Ferry. One mile from the springs is a small and
unique mountain, covered with stunted pine, and
known by the somewhat Unpleasant cognomen of
the " Devil's Back Bone." It is quite a " lion "
in its way, and is often visited by the sojourners at
" Jordan's." On the eastern side of this small

.ij jig .ji

Jl|^p! i tltl i U^ j W| l . i J^l£ftg^ l ilU l . l fti l »W

310

mNEKAI. WATBBS OF VIIiaiNIA.

and narrow mountain, and just at its base, flows
the Opaquan Creek, affording good fishing
privileges, while along its western base runs a
small stream that winds its way through the
spring lawn midway between the hotels.

The buildings for the entertainment of the
public are very comfortable, and consist of two
large brick hotols and a number of cabins, and
are said to be sufficient for the accommodation of
three hundred persons.

The spring, although not one of great boldness,
affords in abundance 4 mild, pleasant sulphur
water, of the temperature of 67° Fah., which is
said not to be influenced either in quantity or
temperature by wet or dry, hot or cold weather.
Like aU other Jiulphur waters, it is unpleasant at
first to the palate of the uninitiated, but very
«oon jt is not only tolerated, but actually preferred
to common water.

Thp fountain is inclosed by marble slabs, and
shaded by an octagon structure, supported by
large pillars. Its situation is midway between the
hotels, and very convenient to all the boarders.

Thesd waters have never been analyzed, ihough
(t will probably be found, judging from the
geological position of the fountain, as well as
from the sensible propeities of the water itself, to
pontain less Zmerthan many of our sulphur waters,
and, therefore, more free from the harsh ingredi-
ent! imparted by the sulphate and carbonate of

t: ' ,'Ji ' *!'W" g jfj ilWtfiiaVii' "i!!!tt^ « yy '' »p.yjM

' '' ^? ; y g g.?";/T''"' ' ' '' !9>!yi ' i »» "

-m

JOBDAN'S white 6ULPHUB SPRXNGS.

811

ase, flows
i fishing
le runs a
ough the

it of the
jt of two
bins, and
dation of

boldness,
sulphur
which is
entity or
weather,
easant at
but very
preferred

abs, and
orted by
ween the
trders.
i ihough
^om the
well as
itself, to
r waters,
ingredi>
lODftte of

•^■'^••HgMMMliH

that mineral ; while it holds in solution the other
components usually found in our sulphur waters.
If this suggestion be correct, it points it out as*
peculiarly valuable in gravel and the various
chronic diseases of the kidneys, bladder and
urethra.

-Medicinally, the water acts as a diuretic and
slight aperient. As an alterative, it is found to
be valuable in the various forms of chronic disease
in which sulphur waters are commonly beneficial.
Among other diseases, dyyaqma and the various
gastric derangements have derived much benefit
from its use. The same may be said of liver
disease, htBoiorrkoids, dtaeaae of the akin, and rheu-
matism, especially when it proceeds from the use
of mercury. Several gentlemen have borne very
decidedtestimony to the superior efficacy of these
waters in gout, and their unirritating quality
would seem to point them out as a valuable
remedy ia that disease.

Physicians of eminence, long familiar with the
use of this water, speak in the highest terms of
its efficacy in Jaundice, and in th^ functional
derangements of the abdominal viacera generally.
They extol it as a valuable remedy in the various
chronic afTections of the skin ; m chronic irritation
of the kidneys and bladder; in gleet, and espe-
cially in female suppressions, unattended with
acute symptoms.

The bland but sure effect of these waters upon

"wm

-«*r

fffgr^

312

IQNBRAL WATBBS OF VIBOINIA.

the system, points them out as a valuable agent
in a large class of diseases, and inspires belief as
to their successful attainment to still greater
public favor and confidence.

The situation of the spring and country around
it, with the many facilities of approach, etc. ; its
nearness to the seaboard, and the daily cars and
moils, make it a most desirable place of resort for
health or retirement during the heat of summer.
The surrounding country is healthy, and the soil
well calculated for invalids, as it never remains
long wet after rains.

BBANNOmyALE SPBmoS.

The Shannondale Springs are in the County of
Jefierson, and arise in a peuinsula of the*henan-
4oah Biver, k»own as the "Horse Shoe." They
are five and a half miles from Charlestown, the
seat of justice for Je£ferson County.

The springs are three in number; but one only
is principally used. The temperature of the
water is 65° Fah., as reported by Dr. De Butts.

The Shannondale water seems to Lave some
approximation in its nature and effects to the
celebrated Bedford water. It may properly be
classed as a saiine chalybeate, and may be used
with good effects as a mild alterative tonic, in
some forms of dyspepsia, nervous diseases, general
debility unattended with severe organic derange-

«IWB^JiMUMfe;^4iiM«^^^^

■m*

KaANNOin>Ai.B 0PBma8.

SIS

ible agent
I belief as
1 greater

ry around
, etc. ; its

cars and
resort for

summer,
d the soil
r remains

bounty of
3*6henan-
." They
town, the

one only
) of the
I Butts.
iVQ some
s to the
perly be
be used
tonic, in
9, general
derange-

ments, chronic diseases of the mucous surfaces,
such as gleet, leuchorrhoea, etc., and to that
class of female diseases requiring the aid pf
mineral tonics.

The water acts generally as a diuretic, and very
commonly has a mild aperient effect.

The late Dr. De Butts, of Baltimore, analysed
the 8hannondale water in 1821.

One hundred grains of the solid contents of the
water of the principal fountain, afforded the
following results : —

Sulphate of lime..... 68 gnUaB.

Carbonate of lime.. 10-5 "

Sulphate of magneria.......^ ..................88*5 "

Muriate of magneda. 1 "

Muriate of Boda. ^ — ; '.. 1 "

Su^hateof.iion.... 0-8 "

Carbonate of iron 0.7 **

Oaseoos oonteats : Snlph. ^diogen, quantity not aacertained '
oarbmiic aeid, quantity not aseerbdaecL

The accommodations at Shannondale are not
extensive, perhaps adapted to one hundred and
forty or one hundred and fifty persons, but it
is admittedly a very delightful place, and the
scenery is unsurpassed for its varied beauty and
grandeur, eliciting the admiration of all who
behold it.

?j?,irou'i"

814

MINIRAL WAXnU OT VntOIKlA.

CHAPTER XX.

BATH OB BEBEELET SPRINOS.

Sofltf Bitlory—EiiTaet from Omeral WaMngtrn'M WiO, de.—
Bath$ and BaMng Mm»—Medie<a Proptrtim qf the WtOtrt—
Diieamfor which Vted, dbe.—Orrkk'» Bulphwr Spring- Cofon
/Sjpring$.

Thb Berkeley Springs are situated in the town
of Bath, Morgan County, Virginia, two miles and
a half from Sir John's Depot, a point on the
Baltimore and Ohio Bailroad, one hundred and
thirty miles west of Baltimore,, aud fort^-pine
miles east of Cumherland.
' These springs were resorted to hy invalids at
a very early period, and had great celebrity
throughout the Colonies. Hundreds annually
fioched thither {mm all quarters, and traditional
accounts of the aeoommodations and amusements
of those primitive times are calculated to excite
hoth the mirth and envy of the present age.
Bude log huts, hoard and canvas tents, and even
covered wagons, served as lodging-rooms, while
every party brought its own substantial provisions
of flour, meat, and bacon, depending for lighter
articles of diet on the "Hill folk/' or the success
of their ow_ foragers. A large hollow scooped in

■' I 'Hffiirifiifitin Y ti^^ i tni-t ii i i - ..iniiWfiiifWf I . .mi irt wa. .h..!, u- ■ ruLlJ l t i .

■Mini

BATH OK BEBULBT BPBIilOS.

315

Wia, de.—
he Wa$$n—
"iitff—Copm

the town
niles and
t on the
Ired and
>rt7-pine

ralids at
celebrity
ftnnnally
ftditiobid
isements

excite
)nt age.
nd even
B, while
'ovisions

lighter

1 suocesB
oopedin

feM"'^'"' ' 'W« w

the sand, Burrounded hj a screen of pine brush)
was the only bathing-house ; and this was used
alternately by ladies and gentlemen. The time
set apart for the ladies was announced by a blast
on a long tin horn, at which signal all of the
opposite sex retired to a prescribed distance, and
woe to any unlucky wight who might be found
within the magic circle.

The whole scene is said to hare resembled a
camp-meeting in appearance ; but only in
appearance. Here day and night passed in a
round of eating and drinking, bathing, fiddling,
dancing, and reveling. Gaming was carried to
a great excess, and horse-racing was a daily
amusement.

8uch were the primitive accommodations at the
first watering place that was opened in Virginia,
and such tlje teoreations and amusements of our
forefiithers, about the eventful period that ushered
us as a nation into the world.

The ittportance of this property was appreciated
by the country at a very early period, for in
October, 1776, in the first year of th* Common-
wealth, we find the following in the statute book
of Virginia : — **

"Whereas it hath been represented to the
General Assembly, that the laying off of fifty
acres of land in lots and streets, for a town at tht
Warm Springs in the County of Berkeley, will be

iiiHiai

316

umttLLL WAttttt or TiRonriA.

Cft great utility, by encouraging the purchasers
thereof to build convenient houses for accommo-
dating numbers of infirm persons xrho frequent
those springs yearly for the recovery of their
health, —

^'Be it therefore enacted by the General

Aslembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia, that

* fifty acres of land adjoining the said springs,

being part of a larger tract of land, the jproperty

of the Bight Honorable Thomas Lord Fairfax, or

other person or persons holding the same by a

grant or conveyance from him, be, and the same

is hereby invested in Bryan Fairfax, Thomas

Bryan Mastin, Warner Washington, Kev. Charles

M. Thruston, Bobert Butherford, Thomas Buther-

ford, Alexander White, Philip Pendleton, Samuel

Washington, Wiljiam Ellzey, Van Swearengen,

Thomas Hito, James Edmunson, James Nourse,

gentlomen trustees, to be by them, or any seven of

them, laid out into lota of one-quarter of an aore

each, with convenient streets, which shall be,.and

the same are hereby established a town by the

name of Bath," etc. etc. {Eminff's Statutes at

Large.)

The town was consequently laid off into lots in
August, 1^77. Among the purchasers were
Charles Carroll, of CarroUton, Horfitio Oates^
Qern. QvoTge Wadiington, and many others «f
note and distinction.

" i n i "ni>»ii «« w >ii i i ( i i) iiiii ii i >iM i ( i n

« l « l [ | ^ (i |l )jl )rtj)T? i ll i. «| ii>li >j^ i M a % > Cl .* .»0.i i .r< . |r. i li| i .(« |l tlif»i || im i M>]im,l^ ^

i'innrj| | ^

BAtH OB BIBXBUn 8PBIXCM.

81t

nrohosers
ccommo-
frequent
of their

General

nia, that

Bprings,

jproperty

lirfax, or

me hj a

he same

Thomas

OfaMrles

Bother-

, Samuel

irengen,

Nourse,

seyeo of

an Acre

be,. and

1 bj the

• lots in
rs were
» Oatesj
thers eC

In the schedule to Gen. Washington's will, we
find the following clause : —

« BATH OB WABM SPBHrOS.

"Two well-situated and handsome bnildings,
to the amount of £150."

And this note of the property appended to the
schedule : —

((

BATH.

"The lots in Bath (two adjoining) cost me, to
the best of my recollection, between fifty and sixty
pounds, twenty years ago. Whether property
there has increased or decreased in value, and in
what condition the hooiies are, t ami ignorant ;
but suppose they are not rained too high." '

The sites of these houses are still pointed out.

In thu memoirs of the Baroness de Beidesil)
(wife of the German general who was tdten
prisoner with Burgoyne at Saratoga,) she speaks
of haTing passed part of the summer of lt79 at
these springs with her invalid husband, and
mentions having made the acquaintance of Gen.
Washington's family. She devotes a page or two
of l^er most interesting work to the narration of
quaint and pleasant incidents illustrating their
mode of life at the spriiE^s, and at the same titae

a7»

,ii) » n ( i t ..frtffi:i i )«s

"^W?*"

«•

MiinnuL WAXUB or yineiNiA.

illustrating (though unintentionally) the excel-
lent and amiable character of the authoress.

After the war of tho Bevolution, the accommo-
dations at the springs were greatly improved and
extended ; but as the State progressed in popula-
tion and prosperity, a host of other bathing places
and mineral springs were discovered and
improved. Saratoga at the North, and the White
Sulphur at the South, began to rival Berkeley in
the race for public favor, and from the superior
spirit and enteiprise shown in their improvement,
soon distanced her. Her register of thousands
was reduced to five or six hundred per annum,
and her hotels and bath-houses seemed destined to
decay. In 1844 a fire accomplished in one night
what time was doing gradually ; ifourteen build-
ings and half the hotel accommodations were
4estroyed. Col. John Strother, lessee of this
property, made immediate preparations for the
erection of a large hotel on his own ground, and
hj the next season, (1846,) had a portion of it
^Myfpr occupancy, and the entire elegant and
^frwsive esti^lishment completed in 1848. The
erection of this building, and the completion of
the ^Baltimore and Ohia Bailroad, have restored
Berkeley to her former prosperity; and from
twelve to fifteen hundred annually register there
«|id enjoy the great luxury of her waters.

•m

BATH OB BBBKBUnr SPBIBM.

819

BATHS. Etc.

The water supplying the baths, issues by
three Iftrge springs and a number of smaller
ones, from the foot of the Warm Spring Bidge,
all within seventy or eighty yards of each other,
forming a bold and beautiful stream, which, in its
course down the valley, supplies several mills and
&ctories, and empties into the Potomac opposite to
Hancock, Maryland, six miles distant. The water
of all these fountains is of the same character,
light, sparkling and tasteless, its temperature
ranging from 12° to 74° Fah, and remaining the
same at all seasons.

The aoeommodations for bathing are most con-
venient, extensive, and elegant.

The geidhmm'a bath-house a substantial brick
building, contains ten large bathing-rooms. The
baths are of cement, twelve feet long, five feet
wide, and four and a half deep, filled from a
reservoir by a four-inoh pipe, and containing
about sixteen hundred gallons each. In addition
to this, and for the use of gentlemen, there ia-*
twimming bath, sixty feet long by twenty wide,
and five feet deep, containing fifty thousand
gallons. The superstructure is handsome and
tastefnl, eighty-two feet long, and' conti^nt
fourteen dressing-rooms. The luxury of die*'
porting in this ample and exhilarating pool am

MimnuL vTATna or TixaiRu.

onlj be appreciated by those who hare indulged
in it.

The ladiea' bath-house is an elegant structure
on the oj^>08tte side of the grove, ninety feet long,
which contains, in addition to nine prirate baths,
a plunge bath thirty feet long by sixteen feet
wide, four and a half feet deep, and floored with
white marble. There is also an establishment for
shower, spout and artificial warm baths. The
bathing area is surrounded by a beautiful grove
several acres in extent and handsomely improved.

The hotd acoommodation$ are extensive and well
gotten up.

8ir<Mer's, the principal hotel at the place, is
a large, elegant and well conducted establishment,
adjoining the grove, and will comfortably accom-
modate about four hundred persons. Altogether,
it constitutes one of the most extensive and
comfortable establishments to be found at aiiy of
our places of fashionable resort. .J , . j ,.

O'Ferrall's hotel is conveniently situated, well
kept, and will accommodate one hundred and
fifty persons. Other accommodations for one
hundred and fifty persons may be found at the
pUwe. .

KEDIOAL PBOFBRTIES.

Although these waters possess oonsiderable
medical virtues when taken internally, they have
been most celebrated as a bath; their pleasant

- — ■r~-r-

^ ^^^| |. » »ll«l | iii ;r,, l,

!^fl#i4

BATH OR BIBKlUnr BPUVOS.

321

thermal temperature, in connection with other
proper tiea, adapting them, as such, to a wide
range of discaies. They have never been accu-
rately analysed, but the presence of purgative
and diuretic salts have been ascertained, though
the impregnation is not strong and the amount
uncertain.

Intemai Use. — ^This water is tasteless, insipid
from its warmth, and so light in its character,
that very large quantities may be taken on the
stomach without producing oppression or uneasi-
ness. Persons generally become fond of it after a
tiuie ; and when cooled it is a delightful beverage.
It is beneficial in several of the chronic and
subacute disorders, such as derangements of the
stomach, with impaired appetite and feeble
digestion, unconnected with any considerable
degree of organic disease. Its salutary effects in
these cases would seem to depend upon the
exceedingly light character of the waters and their
gentle alkaline properties, neutralizing acidity
and invigorating and soothing the viscera.

In the early stages of calcuhua diseases, attended
with irritable bladder, their free use internally
aiid externally is frequently of benefit.

Eoetemal XTse.— rExternally used, these waters
are banefioial in the whole class of nervow dith
ordcn that are disconnected with a full plethoric

lll»,-|. »<aillWliii>I^IMrilMI|il,||l»lfir

ivM ii' j t i .' Bar

322

MINXBAL WATBBS 07 VIBGINIA.

habit, extreme debility, or severe organic de-
rangements.

In cases of relaxed habit and debility, where
sufficient power of reaction exists in the system,
the tonic and bracing influences of plunges in
this water will be very invigorating.

Persons suffering from a residence in a warm,
low, and damp climate, and subject to nervous
affections, will probably be much benefited by the
use of the baths.

To the various chronic affections of the mucous)
membranes, especially leucorrhcea, gleet, etc., as
well as to that peculiar form of bronchitis which
depends upon a relaxed condition of the mem-
branes, with general want of tone in the nervous
system, the water and baths are said to be highly
beneficial. The same may be said as to local
paralytic affections, if unconnected with congestion
of the brain, or cerebral tendencies.

In mildly chronic, or subacute rheunuUism, the
bath has long enjoyed a high reputation. Many
intelligent persons who have long been familiar
with its use, place the most entire reliance on it in
this class of c^ses.

The salubrious climate in which the springs
^xo located, the jsase with which they are reached
by thd Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the well-
test^ value of their baths in all cases in which
baths of their temperature ought to be employed,
together with the excellent acoommodatioiu at the

^ w> i a! j iii»,i(ni!-ii;i

ww ^Ufc ^ ^ift . > ii » m^M

n »<ijtow<t^rt -w ft^^*ffi»rtMli Wliii'Bai i l i i H'fl iaiMiMrtl^WllpttttWW^^

CAPON SPBIKOS.

323

;anic de-

;y, where
> system,
unges in

a warm,

uervous

>d by the

I mucouv
, etc., as
is which
lie mem-
inervous
>e highly
to local
tngestion

tism, the

. Many

familiar

9 on itia

springs
reached
he well-
n which
nployedi
is «€ the

place, must continue to make "Berkeley" a
favorite resort of the spring-going public.

There are in the immediate vicinity of Berkeley
several unimproved sulphur and chalybeate
springs, that will probably, at some day or other,
be places of importance. Among these, and as
most prominent, may be mentioned

ORMCK'S SULPHUR BPRINO,

Situated three and a half miles from Berkeley, on
the Warm Spring Bun, and near the road that
leads to Hancock. It is a very pleasant water, of
the temperature of about 58° Fah. It is now
unimproved, but may, and some day probably
will, be made a place of interest, and an important
auxiliary to the Berkeley Springs.

OAPON SPRINQ8.

At the western base of the North Mountain, in
the County of Hampshire, seventeen miles east of
Bomney, and twenty-two northwest of Winchester,
whence they may be reached by a well-graded but
mountainous road, are the Capon Springs, l^h^y
are situated in a narrow vale not fdr distant from
the Capon River, and surrounded by a rugged and
romantic mountain scenery, perhaps unsurpassed
in troaaack wildness by any in Virginia. The
region' is high and healthy, and the sources of
amusement, (often of consequence to the invalid,)

"!S«!!Ff

,.aw.M ll^ II MJIITTm I

S24

lUNEBAL WATKBS OV TIBOINIA.

and especially those of trout and river fishing,
together with the excitement of the mountain
chase, are unsurpassed at any of our watering
places.

The improvements at Capon are extensive,
affording accommodation for ahout seven hundred
and fifty persons.

The largest huilding to be found at any of our
watering places except the White Sulphur, is here.
It is an immense structure fronting two hundred
and thirty-six fee» by forty, and five stories high ;
with a portico two hundred feet in length by
sixteen in width. To this main building a wing
is attached of one hundred and ninety-six feet in
length by forty in width and five stories high.
The dining-room extends the entire length of the
front building) and will conveniently seat from
nine hundred 'to' one thourand perooi The
lodging capacity of the house is said r|l

hundred. This building is known <i8|

"Mowntain House." Besides this large establish-
ment, there are other hotels at the place capable
of accommodating one hundred and fifty persons,
perhaps.

The having ettabli$hment at Capon is well
designed and handsome, affording twenty bathing-
rooms for gentlemen, and seventeen for Ijadies,
with comfortable parlors for the use of the
bathers. The hatha are made of brick, coated

V. r.jiv :-BiSl!.-^^ i^ viW^iS\-f!'*^'*^ ^>V£.;f^T,>1;,"'

CAPOX SPRIXOS.

!25

with hydraulic cement. Shower and douche
haths^ and artificial warm haths are also supplied.

The spring affords about one hundred gallons
of water per minute. The temperature of the
water as it flows from the fountain is 66°
Fah.; in the reservoir that supplies the baths,
about 64°.

The water is essentially tasteless and inodorous.

Except in its thermal character, it cannot be
compared to any of the springs in our ** great
spring region." It more resembles the waters of
the Berkeley than any of our other springs. As
a bath and a beverage, it will, when properly
directed, bo found very useful in a wide range of
diseases, especially in idiopathic affections of the
nervous system, dyspeptic depravities, chronic
derangement of the mucous surfafes, etc. It has
acquired some reputation, and I believe justly, as
a remedy in gravel and other derangements of the
urinary organs. It is a valuable water, and like
its neighbor Berkeley, is destined to increase itt
fovor with the spring-going public.

The Capon waters have been analyzed by Dr.
Charles Carter, of Philadelphia, and their princi-
pal medicinal ingredients ascertained to be

Silicic acid, Magnesia,

Soda, Bromine,

Carbonic acid gas. Iodine.

The late Professor William Gibson, of the

'smmm

wmm

386

MINERAL WATERS 07 VntGINIA.

UniTorsitj of Pennsylvania, thus speaks of Capon
SpriQgs : —

; "I consider Capon equal, if not superior, to any
mineral spring in America, as a remedy for
dyspepsia and the debility and depression of spirits
generally attendant upon that protean and
eccentric malady,

" After drinking the water for a few hours, its
diuretic properties become very evident ; and from
that moment the invalid begins to experience its
beneficial results ; for no matter how much he has
been prostrated, his peccant humors are floatsd
away through tlie medium of the kidneys, his
spirits rise, his activity increases, and in a
wonderfully small space of time he becomes a new
man. The only inconvenience attending its use
is an amazing ancrease of appetite ; so much so,
that the most feeble and delicate stomachs, after a
few days, become boundless in their demands upon
the good cheer of tho obliging and enterprising
landlord. Not only does the water, when taken
internally, prove eminently useful to almostevery
one', but externally applied, in the shape of cold
or warm baths, its beneficial results in cases of
gout, rheumatism, diseases of tho skin, and
several other a>ffections, are beyond all question.

It has, moreover, the

singular

property

cleansing the skin instantly witliout soap, of
removing tar and other similar substances from

CAP0V SPRINGS.

327

)r, to any
nedy for
of spirits
ean and

bours, its
and frouj
rience its
ch he has
'6 floatsd
aeys, bis
nd in a
les a new
; its use
uuch so,
3, after a
nds upon
erprising
9R taken
ostevery
> of cold
cases of
:in, and
[uestion.
erty of
soap, of
tes from

the hands the moment it is applied. It operates
most powerfully, too, upon horses, in a very short
time after it is used, and brings away from those
animals, without failure, incredible quantities of
botts-T-A species of worm to which almost every
animal of the kind is very prone, and from which
a great number annually perish. When it is con-
sidered how difficult and almost impossible it is by
other means to kill a bott — for when taken from
the stomach of a horse and placed in the strongest
nitric acid, they have been known to live for
hours — does not this fact alone speak volumes in
favor of this water? I am told, upon high
authority, 'also, that it is equally useful iu
bringing away intestinal .worms from children,
after every other vermifuge has'proved unavailing
and nugatory.

<< All the facts I have here stated have beett
verified again and again, and are as familiar to
the people of Hampshire and the adjoining
counties, and are as susceptible of demonstration
to all that visit these springs, as any propositian
in Euclid."

828

MINERAL WATEBS OF VIRGINIA.

CHAPTER XXI.

OmW'« Black and WhiU Su^hur^Itoanoke Rtd 8ulphur~Blut
Biige Bpringt-AUeghany Bprtt^i*— Montgomery WhiU Sulphur
tSpringt.

COINER'S WHITE AND BLACK SULPHUR SPRINGS.

These springs are situated at the western base of
the Blue Ridge Mountain, on the line between
the Counties of Botetourt and Roanoke, on the
borders of one of the most delightful and fertile
regions of Virginia. They are immediately on
tho line of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad,
and within a mile of Bonsack's Depot, fifty miles
west from Lynchburg.

These springs, as a public resort, are a product
of the recent rapid spring development in Virginia,
having been brought into public notice within the
last four or five years. Fleming James, Esq., of
Richmond, is the owner of the property, and has
with extraordinary energy, and liberal appropria-
tions to the object, improved them handsomely,
and to an extent capable of entertaining from
three to four hundred persons. The buildings are
spacious, convenient, and almost entirely new,
consisting of hotels, cottages, etc., etc.

ei
h
al
ft

. -u^Mtaii'tefett^^ritt

CAPOy SPRINGS.

329

iur~-Blu4

PRINGS.

I base of
>etween
on the
fertile
teljr on
kilroad,
Y miles

)roduct
rginia,
lin the
3sq., of
Qd has
ropria-
omely,
; from
igs are
' new.

Wc had some expectation of being furnished
with an analysis of these springs before this
volume went to press, and regret that it has not
been supplied. My personal observation of their
effects in health and disease, is too limited to
enable me to speak positively of their medicinal
peculiarities or powers, and, in the absence of an
analysis, prudf ' ■ restricts me from considering
their therapeutic character, except in the light of
analogy, and from the experience of their use by
a few gentlemen who seem to bo well qualified to
judge of their powers. From such light, I believe
that these waters will be found a safe and beneficial
remedy in a large class of cases usually success-
fully treated by the mild- sulphur waters that
exist in the same general geological region.

In cases of difficult, imperfect, or painful diges^
tion, enfeebled condition of the nervous system,
chronic diseases of the bladder or kidneys, salt
rheum, tetters, indolent liver, with deficient or
vitiated secretions, and to some of the affeotiont
peculiar to females, they will be found weU
adapted.

Coiner's Springs are convenient of approach
eithOT from the East or West, being only ten
hours by rail, from Richmond or Petersburg, -
about two and a half from Lynchburg, and tea
from Abingdon. :

S8»

"'^^'iiiKitt i ste^aaytMaf^a i i^

8S0

UXNBRAL WATBRS OF VIROIXIA.

ROANOKE RED SULPHUR SPRING.

This is ooo of the new places of valetudinary
and pleasure resorts which the recent ordor for
spring iraprorement has brought to the public
view.

It is situated in the County of Boanoko, on the
stage-road from the town of Solem to the Sweet
Springs, ten miles from the former, and obout
forty from the latter ploce.

It is called Bed Sulphur from the color of its
deposits, and from its supposed resemblance, as a
medicinal agent, to the old Red Sulphur in the
Cbunty of Monroe.

The waters of this fountain have not been
analyzed, nor, have they as yet so for made «ut
their medical record of applicabilities and cures,
as to enable mo to speak of Chem with such particu*
larity as I could desire.

They are mild and pleasant sulphurous waters,
and no doubt will be found well adapted to a
numerous class of coses successfully treated by
such waters. An intelligent and reliable friend,
residing in the neighborhood, has assured me
that they have been used with excellent effect in
several cases of affections of the cheat And ttomach^
and they are favorably spoken of by many persons
who have visited them.

These springs may be conveniently reached

rf y l gwrt- y wifa f* ;^ . ti i»B« ^) i< » !iW '»* ^«^Ty>»,vH.

■>a*t^ » W M » t i d<ng^ '^ii. rti'tH >i frt i M^ ipjii|ii^B||ggl

rft'miWs^T

DLUE niDQE SFBIXOS.

331

^tudinary
ardor for
le public

0, on the
be Sweet
nd about

or of its
ince, as a
ir in the

not been
nade ^ut
tid cures,
1 particu'

B waters,
tod to a
eated by
e friend,
ared me
effect in
ttomach,
r persons

reached

either from the Virginia and TeniicuKec Railroad at
Salem, or from the Sweet Springs in Monroe, in
stages, or by private conveyance, over well-graded

rends.

BLUE RIDOE SPRINGS.

The Blub Ridob Sprinos are situated in the
County of Botetourt, on the western slope, and
not far from the summit of the Blue i?tt?grc Moun-
tain, 1,300 feet above tide water ; in a salubrious
and healthful climate, and immediately on the
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad.

Although but recent aspirants for public favor,
they have already become well known to many
visitants ; but still more extensively to distant
i«val ids who have been benefited by their /rans-
ported waters.

While the general notoriety of these waters
dates back but a few years, they have been long
and favorably known to the habitues of the sur-
rounding country, who, for more than twenty
years, have been in the habit of using them for
the cure of various diseases. It is only, however,
within the last rive or six years that their curative
powers became so prominent as to induce an asso-
ciated effort for the general improvement of the
property, and to facilitate the transportation of
the waters to distant parts of the country,
lo the nomendalure of Mineral Waters, the

'■ ■B >i ti S ^ l ^.i^M' ! i.^?t1;^l@g!^;3i^»^^^^

88t

MINERAL WATEB8 OF VIHOINIA.

know? af H ^ *%r^°''^ ^'^"»« *<> '^' <^f<^'»

known a« Saline Wateks. I„ local Bituation,
they occupy a cent.^l ,,o8ition, geographically

rhnL"^ ^'•«™ Harper's Ferry in the north, to the
Ch.lhowee Mountains in the south. AH along
this ent.ro range, this Class of Waters are found
varying Bomewhat in their ingredients, but all

Nor IS this valuable class of waters found in any
other portion of our continent in the same abund-
anew and purity.

The;8pring8 that represent the extremes of this

Blount County, Tennessee, and the Shenandale, in
Jefferson County, Virginia, distant more than isO
m.les apart. In the intermediate space betwe<m
bese extremes, Evidences are afforded in various
pkces along the mountains of the existence of
•imilar waters ; but their existence in purity and
m .ufflcient quantity for general use have'^only
been demonstrated and brought before the public
In. ' A^n'"f °^ ;'Shenandak," "Blue Ridge,-

30 miler apart, and are so entirely alike in the
general character of their waters, that apart from
the reflnemonts of chemical tests, they may be
said to te identical. Certainly, fa; more .0 Lt

BLUB KIDOB BPRINU3.

383

ho Claaa
ituation,
>phical]y
nge ex-
), to the
n along
I found ;
but all
1 class,
in any
abund-

of this
o/e, in
idle, in
an 450
etwoM
various
SDce of
tyand
B only
ptiblio
idge,"
Mont-

aboQt
n tbo
; from
ay be
than

mineral waters of tho same class, but arising in
diflforent neighborhoods, oven in the same geo-
logical range, are usually found to be.

]^r. John H. Griffin, an eminent and discrimi*
nating physician, of Salem, Virginia, who has
been much in the habit of using both waters in
his practice, regards them as so entirely identical
in their effects, as to render it a matter of conve-
nience as to which he prescribes when the nature
of the case demands the use of either.

In the class of Saline Waters, are comprised
those springs that contain a sufficient amount of
neutral salts to occasion the marked effects of such
agents, and especially purgative operations.

The salts most commonly found in waters of
this class are the Carbonates, Sulphates and Muri-
ates — such as the Carbonates of Magnesia or Lime,
the Sulphates of Magnesia and Soda, and the
Muriate of Soda and Lime. ^ Iron and Alumina, in
some of their forms, are frequently found, while
other active salts sometimes contribute to form >
their valuable combinations.

The Blue Ridge water has not been quantita-
tively analyzed with such care and precision as to
decide with precise accuracy the relative qualities
of its several ingredients. Enough upon this
subject is chemically known, however, to enable
us with confidence to decide upon its true classifi-
cation ; while actual experience in its use fully
demonstrates the fact, that in medical efficiency it

I'HaJJUWuirili-igMpia

MINERAL WATSM OF VIRfllNU.

itandu as a high and potent roprescntativo of this
clnos of u-atcrs.

In saline waters, strictly bo called, the propor-
tion of gaseous matter is generally small. In this
particular water there is no evidence of any «n-'
combined or free gas ; and this, in connection
with the important fact that it holds its various
salts so firmly in solution, that not the slightest
deposit takes place, from its agitation or long
standing, adapts it most happily for tranapartation
and profitable medicinal use long after its removal
from the fountain.

MEDICINAL EPFECT8

The medicinal effects of these waters are mildly
laasatim or actively purging ^ in proportion to the
quantity dranK and the excitability of the bowels.

Simply as a purgative, they are vastly superior
in chromic disease to the ordinary drugs of th6
opothecary. Principally in this, that the involid
may keep up their action upon the bowels for a
number of days without suffering that general
debility or loss of appetite which so constantly
occttrs from a similar course of the ordinary
purging medicines.

In itnall or aperient doses they act kindly and
beneficially upon the Udneye and Attn, and es-
pecially when gentle exercise is connected with
their use.

.-.■t,...i. ^..i..^„.:,^.^,..i. ^ ^. ^ ^.^

iMilMi*Wii

BUE RIDOE SPRI.VOA.

885

vo of this

propor-
Infhis

f atiy iin-'
snncction
ts vnrious
slightest
or long
iportation

1 removal

>ro mildly
n to the
s bowels,
superior
8 of tbd
e invalid
els for a
general
mstantly
ordinary

ttilj and

and es-

ted with

Administorcd in the sume guarded way, they
exert a happy influence upon the tnutvua surfaces,
m well as upon the serotts, synovial and Jibrous
mvmbranes. Such influences are witnesHC*! in
chronic cfttarrh, mucous diarrhosa, rheumatic
affections of the joints, etc., etc.

Tiiey both primarily and secondarily exert
favorable influences upon the glandular secre-
tions. This is sometimes marked in the relief
they afford in Jaundice and other diseases of the
glandular structun ^

In Dyspepsia thr have acquired :. more estab-
lisho'l reputation, perhaps, than U\ any other form
of disease, mainly, we pre 'ime, t om the fact that
they have been more "xtensivHy employed in this
than in any other single form of disea k.

Dyspepsia is multiform, both in '» causes and
its pathology, and hence no one rem dy is eqr^Uy
well adapted to all its form u.;'! phases. H.-. as
a general remedy adapted to u.cot the general
want in the various dyspeptic depravities, this
water and its kindred class occupy a decidedly
high position among the most valued remedies in
such cases.

I by no means intend to u.j&crt that this or any
other mineial water, or any article of the apothe-
cary, is an infallible remedy in all dyspeptic cases :
such a position would be alike extravagant and
uncandid. But I fully endorse the truthful re-
sults of experience, that such waters are among

»?gSitf- ' -if^ '

336

MINBRAL WATERS OF VIROINIA.

our best remedied in all such cases ; always safe
when prudently used, and often effective where
the usual remedies' of the profession have failed.

If called upon to say in what particular form of
dysjiepsia these waters may be most relied upon,
I would say in cases attended with mucoua aecre-
tiona, and which often develop alarming palpita-
tions and other unpleasant neuralgia affections.
But I by no means regard their efficacy in dys-
pepsia as limited to such cases.

In chronic mucous diarrhcea, alike common and
fatal in our Southern latitudes, the prudent use of
this water is eminently proper. In all cases of
this kind the Avater should bo used in small and
frequently repeated doses, and its influence upon
the secreting surfaces encouraged by the occa-
sional use of a warm bath when such an adjunct
can be commanded. A departure from this rule
of prudence as to the quantity of the water to be
nsed, would cause it rather to aggravate than
benefit the case.

In disorders of the hidneya and bladder, attended
with aoltdua concretions and consequently with
tendency to calcttlus, these waters may be looked
to as a hopeful source of relief. Their efficacy in
Bueh oases may be attributed mainly to the altera-
tive changes tliey effect in the blood, and upon
the secretory and absorbing functions, and ^ their
increasing the flow of urine, thus giving an easier
passage to the extraneous matter, which, when
long retained, proves painful and injurious.

J m I |i hi iriifc WiWMfii )y I

LL'-ffe§Ji*j'"Vr''^A%-M'tr!-/'l-*'i^^^

BLUB RIDOB BPMSGB.

337

Iwayg gafo
ive where
ive failed,
ar form of
lied upon,
»«» secre-
; palpita-
iffections.
y in djs-

iinon and
Bnt use of
1 cases of
imall and
iuce upon
the occa-
» adjunct
this rule
ter to be
ate than

attended
tly with
e looked
ficacy in
e altera-
nd upon
tb their
tn easier
b, tvhen
ts.

As a general rvle, from two to eight half-pint
glasses' of this water may be taken within the
twenty-four hours.

Some patients will bear with advantage a some-
what larger amount, after their bystem has
established a perfect tolerance for the water, but
as a general rule the proper quantity lies wit^
the extremes mentioned.

From four to six glasses a day are the quan-
tities best adapted to the largest number of in-
valids.

Neither this nor any other mineral water should
be used at indiscriminate periods through the day
as a mere assuager of thirst, but at such periods
only as have been indicated.

In chronic diarrhoea, or any other case of high
susceptibility of the bowels, the quantities of
water used at first must be small and with long
intervals between the drinks, but may be gently
increased as the system is found to bear it. In
such cases, half a glass at a time is as much as
the patient ought to take on commencing its use.

ALLEQHAinr SPRIKGS.

Thb AUeghany Springs are situated on the south
fork of Boanoke Biver, in the County of Mont-
gomery, three and a half miles south of the
Virginia and Tennessee Bailroad at SkawsviUe,
whence they may be conveniently reached by

MMtt

338

MINBBAL WATBRS OF VIBOINIA.

stage-coaches which run between the two points.
They are eighteen miles southwest from the town
of Salem, and ten miles east from Christians-
bnrg.

The property was improved by the Messrs.
Holts. Mr. Cahoun is its present proprietor —
furnishing comfortabte accommodations for two
or three hundred visitors.

Although the Alleghany Springs have been
long esteemed valuable by persons in their im-
mediate neighborhood, it is only within the last
five or six years, that they have attracted much
general attention.

The waters have not been analyzed. They are
regarded, however, and I have no doubt correctly,
as belonging distinctly to the »dine class, and to
abound especially in sulphate of magnesia. They
aire cathartic, diuretic, and tonic in their influences^
and many patients, together with several judicious
physicians who have tested their virtues, regard
them as very valuable medicinal agents in various
diseases affecting the stomach and chylopoetic
viscera.

Assuming that the general opinion which con-
cedes to them distinct, and strong aoLiM quality,
is correct, we have but little difficulty in assigning
td them a sphere of hnportant usefulness.

The saline are among the most ancient of the
various classes of mineral waters that were used
for the cure of disease ; and the general range of

in iiiWf WjjytMMtofcMHHlii

AUiBGHANY SPBINOS.

3S9

> points,
the town
ristians-

^essrs.
)rietor —
for two

ve heen
beir im-
the last
id much

i^heyare
>rrectl7,
, and to
. They
luences^
iidiciouB
regard
yarious
lopoetic

ich con-
quality,
signing

of the
re nsed
ftnge of

their applicability may be considered as pretty
well defined.

Such waters exert but an inconsiderable effect
upon the sanguiferous and nervous systems ; their
efficacy mainly depending on their laxative and
purgative operations, by which the alimentary
canal is excited to copious secretions, and the
secretory functions of the liver and pancreas are
stimulated to pour out their appropriate fluids ;
besides, like other mineral waters, they are
absorbed^ and conveyed through the whole course
of the circulation, and are applied in their medical
efficacy to the capillary tissues, and glandular
organs. The sympathy between the digestive
canal, upon which they Operate primarily, and
all the other organs of the body, prepares us for
witnessing the happy effects which they often
exert upon the latter organs, by their direct effects
upon the former.

Where no considerable irritation or inflamma-
tion exists in the mucous membrane of the stomach
and bowels, saiine mineral w(Ueravril\ be found
valuable in relieving congestion or irritation of
distant organs; Jirat, by copious evacuation of
fluids; and second f by derivation of blood from
them to the superflcies of the portal system.*
Affections of the head, chest, skin and joints, will
often be greatly benefitted by their prudent use.

•Bell.

" ■**'■ ■■^ "j^ aNaa ffig^- ^ ! ^*^

i 'i v. i j « Bf jiy» i i i f . i i %. , ^v if t >- ■^-,-.»^

849 MINEBAL VATBB8 9V VIBOINIA.

From the absorption of saline matters, contained
in such waters, and possibly from the force of
sympathy from other organs, the {(ecretions of the
hidneya and akin are commonly much increased.
Such results, often highly beneficial, generally
ensue from doses falling short of the quantity
usually taken to produce active purging.

The waters of the Alleghany Springs, like all
waters of the saline class, purge mildly or actively,
in proportion to the quantity drunk and the
peristaltic excitability of the bowels. Simply as
a purgative, they are very superior in many chronic
diseases to the drugs ordinarily used for this pur-
pose, and principally in this, that the invalid can
keep up their action npon the bowels for a number
of days, without suffering that debility of tho
constitution and loss of appetite which so oon>
stantly occur from a similar course of the ordinary
purging drugs.

In small and aperieivt doses, they often act most
beneficially on the functions of the shin and Iddneya;
and especially, if the warm bath, and gentle
exercise, be connected with their use. Adminis-
tered in the same way, we sometimes witness very
pleasant infiuences from these waters upon the
mucous surfaces, as well as upon the serous,
synovial, and fibrous membranes; such results
are sometimes witnessed in chronic catarrh,
rheumatic affections of the joints, etc.

My experience in the use of the salipe waters

ssssjwjsiifiaiffis

ontained
force of
IS of the
creased,
enerally
quantity

like all
ictively,
ind the
mply as
chronic
lis pur-
ilid can
number
of the
so con-
rdinary

>ct most
'eidneys;
gentle
iminis-
iss very
•on the
serous,
results
Eitarrh,

waters

MONTOOMBRT- WBITB. 8UIJP HUB.

341

has been very favorable to their employment in
dyspepsia as well as in many other of the derange-
ments of the digestive and assimilative functions ;
in obstructions of the abdominal viscera generally,
when unconnected with serious organic disease,
they may be looked to as potent agents, and
especially in cases attended with costiveness and
depraved or vitiated biliary secretions.

The Alleghany Springs may be very conve-
niently reached from the East or South by railroad,
by way of Lynchburg ; or from the. Southwest, by
way of Knoxville.

MONTGOMERY T?TnTE SULPHUB.

Thh Montgombby Whitb Sulphub are springs of
recent discovery and improvement. They are
situated on the southern slope of the Alleghany
Mountain, in the county of Montgomery, a few
miles east of the town of Ohristiansburg, and at
a short distance from the Virginia and Tennessee
Railroad, from which to the springs a branch
railroad has been constructed by the owners of the
springs.

Person* visiting this place leave the Virginia
and Tennessee Bailroad at the /fiJpWngr Depot, on
the slope of the Alleghany, and take the company's
railroad, on which, in a fe\7 minutes, they are
conducted to their destination.
8»»

a j i w»aMtf » M«» > M i www^iiWtto ' i!Ui-,^!.Kirt it e ' i^ , . iJr»ma ' < ii mjmw»m»m > jmv*mmm» 9!mr!i!!!'

a«8

MISmALmWATmB OF VaQTSlA.

The property is owned by a company of gentle-
men, whose spirit and good taste in its rapid
improvement is deserving of public commendation.
The bvildings for the accommodation of visitors,
that have gone up here in the last four years, and
with a rapidity almost unprecedented in this
country, are spacious, elegant, and convenient,
and since their construction have been well filled
by visitors during the summer mouths

The Montgomery White Sulphur is convenient
of access by railroad, either from Lynchburg, a
distance of about ninety miles, or from the South-
west by way of the Virginia and Tennessee, and
the Tennessee and Virginia Bailroads. The alti-

!h1V '*' r'"''"' *"'* '^' health-inspiring
climate, give to it potent recommendatitfns for
summer residence.

As yet no analysis of the waters have been made
public, and they have been used medicinally for so
short a time, that no recqrd has been made of their
powers and adaptations sufficiently specific and
distinct to serve as a guide to the invalid in their
"ZtT* ^";P**»y°»«°*- As they are very favor-
ably located for climate and general healthfulness,
are easy of approach, and ^ithal, are kept in a

SAk ffr"**"*^ '^"'^^'■*' >' " ^^<^^ to be
hoped that the proprietors will add to their other

commendable enteiprises, that of furnishing the
public with a correct analysis of the waters ; and
thatsucb observations of their general and peculiar

<
f

1
(
t

-1

8
I
8
I

a
b
a

t(
a

fa
t]
a
t]
G

r gentle-
ts rapid
ndation.
visitors,
ars, aod
in this
«renient,
»11 filled

ivenient
burg, a
> Bouth-
ee, aod
ho alti-
spiring
cfns for

nniade
r for so
•f their
ic and
a their
favor-
ilness,
t in «
to be
other
>g the
; and
culiar

MONTGOMERT WHITE SULPHUR.

343

eflTects upon the various diseases submitted to their
use, will be made by scientific and com'petent
persons, as will enable the public to give them a
definite and diatinct. therapeutic position among
our numerous mineral fountains.

The waters of the Montgomery White being
distinctly mlphuroua in their character, and withal
a bland and pleasant beverage, will be found to
be well adapted to the cure of a large number of
chronic affections that^are known to be advan-
tageously treated by sulphur waters generally.
They are somewhat less cathartic, and also less
stimulant than many Sulphur waters, and hence'
may be us.ed with more freedom and with greater
safety than such waters, by<ielicate and excitable
persons. This mild and slightly-operative char-
acter of the water, while it constitutes it a safe
beverage for the delicate invalid, very happily
adapts it, as a mild alterative and depurative agent,
to a large class of cases in which alterative effects
are demanded for the cure of the case.

The Montgomery White Sulphur occupies a
central position among the Southwestern springs^
having the AUeghany and C7otner'«— the one ten,
the other thirty miles to the east ; the " Yellow;'
and the P^aaU Alum^ihQ first five, the latter
thirty-five miles to the southwest; while the
Graymm Sulphur is about sixty-five miles in the ^
same general direction, all convenient of access
from this point by railroad and stage-coachea.

i Si l t!aI#R9| i 8amaMiB!lM«IM

344

MINKRAL WATEB8 OF VIBaiKIA.

CHAPTER XXII.

TtOmB Spring* — Pukuki Alum Spring*— Ora^ton Sulphur
Spring*— HoMon Spring*.

YELLOW SPRINGS.

Thbse springs are pleasantly situated in an
elevated and picturesque part of the County of
Montgomerj, and are surrounded by variegated
and interesting scenery, and a productive and
prosperous agricultural country. They«ftre about
four miles from the Virginia and Tennessee Bail-
road, with whiT5h they are connected at Christians-
burg Depot, by a well-graded turnpike. They
are five miles distant from the Montgomery White
Sulphur Springs, thirteen from the Alleghany,
thirtyrfive from the Salt Sulphur, and about sixty
from the Greenbrier White Sulphur.

The spring rises on the east side of the
Alleghany, and not more than sixty feet below
the summit level of that mountain ; its waters
flow into the North fork of the Boanoke, which is
about two miles distant. In consequence of the
great altitude of the spring, the climate in which
it is situated is very salubrious, the air being
elastic, pure and invigorating during the hottest
days pf summer. The water is clear, unusually

** ^ '* i ft f'^ * *!*'''!'* ™

l » «t 3- .i Hl if.»M

YELLOW BPRINQ8.

345

vn Bulpkur

ed in an
County of
rariegated
ctive and
are about
Bsee Bail-
Ihrifltians-
ce. They
iry White
lleghany,
>out sixty

9 of the
eet below
is waters
, which is
ice of the
in which
air being
le hottest
unusually

transparent, and very cool ; its temperature being
about 65° Fahrenheit. Its taste is slightly
astringent, or styptic. The taste or smell of
sulphur is slightly, if at all perceptible, and so
little unpalatable is the water, that many persons,
after using it for a short time, prefer it to the
common limestone water of the neighharhood.
In running over rough channels, as well as on the
bottom, and sides of the spring inclosure, it
deposits a brownish-yellow sediment ; a bluish
sediment is also occasionally observed, supposed
to be a prussiate of iron. After standing in an
open vessel for some twelve or fifteen hours, it
loses its styptic taste, becomes flat, and deposits a
small quantity of its characteristic sediment. For
cooking purposes, it is said to be preferred, if used
as soon as it begins to boil, but if the boiling be
continued, it renders whatever may be cooked in it
bitter and disagreeable.

The improvements at the Yellow Springs are
very comfortable; the Buildings are new, pleas-
antly arranged, and combine elegance with
convenience. Many of the rooms, as well as the
spring and the pleasure grounds, are delightfully
shaded by magnificent forest trees .

Under the name of "Taylor's Springs," or
" Tellow Springs," this watering place has been
well known and much visited by invalids, for near

■ ■■4W j'^ B e!i J* !j!- ' Wt'yt- y>MN!' y '''

wtjIi.yi ipiMffiw jg jjlWP*'^ ^ !' t\ *9 f9i , }\uM '' -» ffrrti m '^ if P^'^

MINBBAL WATEBfl OF YIROINIA.

■izty years. As early as 1810 it attracted consid-
erable attention, and had numerous yisitors,
especially from Eastern Virginia, and North
Carolina. Among others, the venerable Bishop
Madison^ formerly president of 'William and Mary
College, was a frequent visitor, and in 1810, under
the nam depfume of " Viator," published a series
of facts and observations, to which the public
were indebted for their earliest scientific know-
ledge of the water.

In 1855 it was analyzed by Professor Gilham,
who says : —

One gallon of the water I find to contain —

Cubonio acid 9-860 gnixu.

Solphuric acid 08888 «*

Phoaphoric acid. <H)18 "

Hagneaia 7728 *'

Lime. ~. 82150 "

Oxide of iron. .ft. - 0480 "

Alamina. 1-729 "

PotaalL 0-119 "

Soda. 0-858 "

Cldorine '.... OOftS "

Oiganic extractive matter. 8*788 "

These substances existing together in the water,
give rise to carbonates, sulphates, phosphates and
chlorides, as follows : —

TBLLOW SPRIKOS.

347

ted oonsid-
s visitors,
nd North
>le Bishop
I And Mary
810, under
ed a series
khe public
ific know-

r Gilham,

AID —

Q gnUns.
3 "
B "
B "

the water,
hates and

Carbonato of lime 8-643 gnlna.

Carbonate of magnofiia i'SSO "

Carbonate of protoxide of Irpn 0-617 "

Free carbonic add 4-680 "

Sulphate of lime. 65-809 "

Sulpliate of magneaiik 21008 "

Sulphate of alumina..... 8170 "

Sulphate of potaah 0107 "

Sulphate of aoda 0-760 "

Protoxide of iron. trice*.

Phosphate of lime OOIS "

Phosphate of magneaia. 0-011 "

Chloride of potassium 0-097 "

Chloride of sodium '0-076 "

Organic eztnctiTe matter. ~ 8-788 "

The water, as its analysis indicates, is decidedly
tonic, diuretic and mildly purgative.
^ From seven to eight tumblerp taken at inter-
vals, will usually create a mild cathartic effect ; as
a diuretic it is active ; but its evident range of
usefulness will be found in its valuable tonic
properties. As a beverage it lies lightly and
comfortably upon the stomach, when drunk even
in large quantities. With many persons, espe-
cially on commencing its usa, it occasions slight
excitation both of the physical and mental
system, evidenced by a flushing of the face, a
pleasant glow over the body, some increase of
the frequency of the pulse, and of \he animal
spirits.

^Its tendency to increase the appetite and promote
digestion is very uniform.

■ ii lU lpii lp i

848

i'^jvioi. wAi-ma of vntonriA.

In Dyapepna tlu water hM soinetimea produced
highly beneficial effects.

In that class o( female amplainls, demanding
the use of tonics, it is a most efficacious remedy,
and has often proved very successful.

In diseases of the Skin, especially in the various
forms of Herpes, it is said to diapiay highly
curative powers.

In old ulcera it has been found very beneficial ;
obstinate oases of many years standing, have
been successfully treated by the water," used both
externally and internally, that had for years
resisted the efforts of surgery.

In Chronic Diarrhcea it is much relied upon by
those who have had most experience in ifs use.
Doctors Edie and Wade, intelligent physician*
residing in the neighborhood of the springs, and
who have oftan prescribed the water in this class
of cases, commend it very highly.

In gaieral Debility, connected with nervous
prostration, and unattended with serious visceral
obstructions, it will always be found a valuable
remedy.

PULASKI ALUM BPRINO.

This spring is situated in the northwest portion
of the County of Pulaski, on Little Walker's
Creek, about ten miles from the town of Newborn,
and seven in a direct line from the Virginia and

PtILASKI ALUM DPRINO.

849

I produced

omanding
• remedy^

he various
y highly

>eneficial ;
ing, have
used both
for years

upon by
a ifs use.
)hy8iciaQs
ings, and
this class

nervous

B visceral

valuable

It portion
Walker's
STewbern,
;inia and

Tennessee Railroad. It is owned by Mr. Hunter,
who now furnishes accommodations for about one
hundred visitors, and who is actively engaged in
10 enlarging his improvements, as to mako them
commensurate with the public demands.

This water has not been analyzed, but it very
much resembles, both in its sensible qualities and
its medicinal operations, the water of the Rook-
bridge Alum. It already enjoys a high reputation
in its neighborhood, as a remedy for soroAila,
cutaneous diseases, and other affections for which
the alum waters of Rockbridge have become
celebrated.

The fine salubrious climate in which the spring
is found, and the convenience with which it can
be approached by the railroad,- together with the
value of its waters as a medicinal agent, make it a
place of interest and importance to the spring-
going public.

Dr. Withers, of Newborn, in a communioatiob
to the author, thus speaks of his professional
experience with these waters: "I have no hesi-
tancy in according to them decided curative effects
in some diseases, usually very obstinate ; among
the number I would mention diseases of the skin
resulting from an aplastic condition of the blood,
or from special poisons in the system, such as
Byphilitio Itupia 'et id omne genua.' They have a
decided tendency to reproduce suppressed catOr
menia, sometimes relieving cases that have
80

iHHiiiihiliiliiiiiii^^

■MMMMMtMyiiriiliiiiiMlii

MIKKBAIi WATXBS Of VntOINIA.

obstinately resisted the usual medical treatment."
•Dr. W. also considers them valuable in certain
liver affections, and in derangements of- the
; l^landular system generally.

GRAYSON SULPHUR SPRH^OS.

V The Grayaon Sulphur Springs, are located
immediately on the west side of the Blue Bidge,
In the County of Carroll, about twenty miles south
of Wytheyille. They rise on the banl:s of New
Biver, in th^ midst of scenery remarkable for its
wildness and grandeur ^ — in a region as salubrioud
and invigorating as any in our country. The
neighboring streams aboand in fish, and the
forests in game of every variety found in our
mountains.

Long' before these springs were improved in
reference to public accommodations, their medici-
nal virtues were appreciated by many intelligent
gentlemen of Wythe County, who were in the
hdlHt of making attnual visits to the region in
which they are situated, with the compound object
of hunting, fishing, and using the Sulphur waters.
l%car regular encampmeta, (for the place was not
tli^h dignified even with a cabin,) wad near the
«ouroe of the healing water, where, during the
idle weeks of fall, they made themselves happy
and healthy, by chasing the wild buck, angling
the Blue Oat, and quaffing sulphur waters.

eatment."
in certain
B of- the

9 locate
le Bidge,
ilea south
8 of New
le for its
alubrioud
;ry. The
and the
d in our

proved in
r medici-
ttelligent
3 in the
egion in
nd object
r waters,
was not
near the
ring the
!8 happy
angling

ORAYSON SULPHUR SPRnfOS.

361

The property is owned by an association of gen-
tlemen living mainly in Wythe County, JInd is
improved pleasantly but not extensively ; affording
accommodations for from one hundred and fifty to
two hundred persons. ,y

The waters of the Grayson have made ootisider-
able progress in popular favor in the last fe^^years,
and quite a number of people assemble there
during the watering season.

The waters are decidedly sulphurous, and have
been found useful in dyspeptic depravities, and
the various chronic derangements of the chylo-
poetic viscera. Their earliest reputation^ which
' has been well maintained, was in the cure of
rheumatism. For all chronic diseases of the skin,
especially for aaU rJieum, herpes and tetters they
will be found efficacious; for chronic forms of
liver disease they are well adapted : — and I am
informed by highly respectable medical assurances,
that they have displayed the happiest effects in
numerous cases of amenorrhea, and in chlorotic
conditions of the female system.

There is, quite near the Sulphur Spring, a good
chalybeate, which may be used to advantage in
many cases ; — and in nervous affections, and female
diseases, it will be beneficial to drink itbioderately ,
in connection with the Sulphur water.

The Grayson waters have been analyzed by Pro-
lessor Rogers. He shows that in a given quantity
of their solid contents, there are £oand —

■|

862

MINERAL WATBBS OF TIRaiNIA.

Sods .4 gmiiu.

Oubonate magneaia S "

Carbonate lime .' 8 "

Sulphate lime 2 "

Bolphate magneds 8 "

Obloride Bodium 2 "

Chloride calcium 8 "

Chloride magnesium If "

Sulphate soda 4^ "

Sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonio acid abound
in the water.

Dr. B. Crocket, of Wy tbeville, in a lettter to the
author, speaks favorably, from his own experience,
of the use of these waters in diseases of the abdo-
minal viscera generally, but especially, in that
form ofdyspt^ma depending upon primary gastric
irritation, in amenorrhoea and chlorotis, in irrita-
tions of the bladder, and in the milder forms of
skin diseases. .

A turnpike-road connects these springs with
the railroad at Wytheville.

HOLSTON SPBmOS.

Thb Hoiaton 8pring$ are in the County of Scott,
in the extr^e southwestern angle of the State,
near the Tennessee line, forty miles from Abing-
ton, five north of Kingsport, and thirty miles east
of Bogersville, Tennessee. They are ')n the bank
of the North fork of the Holston Biver, in a wild
and romantic region of country, affording choice

groini.

1 abound

;er to the
)erieDce,
be abdo-
in that
r gastric
a irrita-
forms of

gs with

)f Scott,
e State,
Abing-
iles east
he bank
1 a wild
: choice

HOUSIONr SPRINOS.

363

facilities to the sportsman in the recreation of
hunting or fishing.

One of these springs conies within the thermal
range, being 68-5° Fah., or about fifteen degrees
higher than the common springs of the surround-
ing country. Of the saline contents of the water,
the most abundant are sulphates of lime and
magnesia, and the carbonate of lime, chloride of
sodium, muriate of alumina, sulphate of soda,
phosphate and sulphate of alumina, are found in
smaller proportions. It is represented to be
actively diuretic, and under favorable circum-
stances, determining to the skin by mild dia-
phoresis ; with many it is mildly purgative. Drs.
Clapp, Trigg and Preston, respectable physicians
of Abington, speak favorably of its use in diseases
which have their origin in the disordered state of
the digestive organs ; in rheumatism, mercurial
diseases, and scrofula, as well as in diseases of the
skin, affections of the Urinary organs, and in
some of the diseases of females.

With proper cautions, the bath here will be
found beneficial in many cases in which tepid
baths are usually employed.

The water of the Holston Springs was analyzed
in 1842, by Professor Hayden, who reports that
he found one wine gallon of the water to contain
41*14 grains of saline matter, consisting of —

80*

'Tiwitwiwrifflrp'-f liiii ir inwittilMiinL

i i n ■i rnn i >iii^iir''ii i gi i t il lit hiM a i l- aia-*

8Si MINBBAI. WATBBS OJ- VntCfUdA.

Cblorlds of aodium aod muriate of ommonia 1-51 gning.

Sulphate of soda a trace.

Sulphate of magnesia 12-75 ««

Fhoqthate and sulphate of alumina a trace.

Oubonate of Ume 6-43 •<

Sulphate of lime ^o*46 "

4114 "

CHAPTER XXIII.

timfu4er WhiU Su^tlMr Springt— Buffalo Spring*— Ht^fumot
Gprinfi»—IfeiB London Alum Springs.

FAUQUIER WHITE SULPHUR

Thb Fauquier White Sulphur Springs are situa-
ted in the County of Fauquier, fifty-six miles
from Washington, and ahout forty from Freder-
icksburg.

The medical quality of the sulphur springs at
this place were known and highly appreciated
long before they were opened to the public. While
the virtues of the waters remained in comparative
obscurity, the resort of those living in the neigh-
borbood caused sufch an interruption to the farming
operations of the proprietor, as induced : im,
after every other endeavor to keep out crowds of
visitors had failed, to /K up the spring.

VAUQUIER WHITE StLPtrtJR.

365

~Huffumot

re situa-
X miles
Freder-

rings at
reciatcd
While
larative
) neigh-
rartning
i : -m,
)wds of

But so clearly had its virtues been established
by the comparatively partial trial of its virtues^
that the estate was purchased by another party,
with the view of makiug it a place of public resort.

According to analysis, which, however, is re-
garded as very imperfect, the water is impregnated
with sidphate of magnesia, phosphaie of soda, and
sulphuretted hydrogen. Its temperature is 56°
Fahrenheit, 10^° Baumer. It has a strong
sulphuric smell, and the taste being not unlike
the odor arising from the yolk of a hard-boiled egg,
is not, perhaps, at first very agreeable to the palate
of a gourmand. It operates purgatively and diu-
retically ; the cuticular pores being opened and
perspiration, especially if the weather be warm,
flows easily and copiously.

The waters of Fauquier are not as strong as the
sulphur waters of Greenbrier and Monroe, and
consequently will not act so soon or so powerfully
on the system as the latter. But they have been
in deservedly high repute as an alterative, and
the very gradual way in which they affect the
system, givrs them a preference to stronger waters
in some cases.

The;,' are thought to be valuable, particularly
in oertain dyspeptic depravities, and in-dropsical
afiisctions.

The Hon. B. Watkins Leigh, late United States
Senator from Virginia, was cured of a dropsy by
the use of these waters in 1833, after having

866

UINEBAL WATBBS Of TntOINIA.

under^ one the operation of paraeenteaia for the
disease.

This property was beautifully and extensively
improved before the war, and had for many years
been a place of large and fashionable resort.

During the war, pretty much all the buildings
were burned, but doubtless arrangements will ere
long be made by which this heretofore delightful
place will be put in a condition to meet the wants
of the spring-going public.

BUFFALO SPRINOS.

The Biifah Springs are situated in the County
of Mecklenburg, a few miles south of Dan River,
and seven West of the town of Clarksville.

They were ^no^n as mineral waters probably
as early as the beginning of the present century,
and were resorted to by the people of the neigh-
borhood as a remedy in cutaneous diseases, chronic
ulcers, etc., etc. Some forty or fifty years ago,
several of the neighboring planters, on the Dan
and Staunton Bivers, ereoted caMns near the
springs, and occupied them during the summer
months. They did not, however, become a place
for the resort of invalids until about the year
1835.*

These springs are conveniently apj^roachcd from

*Dr, S. H. Harris's Pamphlet, poblished in 1800.

VW-«^^ii^i' '''^-^f^' '

■^

8 for the

:ten8iyel7
»ny years
)rt.

buildings
i will ere
elightful
he wants

B County
n Biver,
>.

probably
century,
e neigh-
, chronic
ars ago,
the Dan
tear the
summer
a place
he year

icd from

BUFFALO SPBIHaa.

357

different directions. Their distance from Bich-
mond is one hundred and forty-four miles, and
from Petersburg one hundred and twenty-four,
all the way by railroad, with the exception of
seven miles staging.

The analyaia of this water shows it to be a sul-
phated chalybeate. Its temperature, as it flows
from the earth, is 60° Fah. Its specific gravity
is 1-058.

The solid contents obtained by evaporating one
wine gallon of the water, is found to consist of —

Bnlpbate of magnesia ^ ' 8 graina.

Sulphate of lime 8*5 "

Sulphate of protoxide of iron. 2-6 *'

Chloride of aodium atrace.

Chloride of magneriom. .'... ...a trace.

Sulphate of soda >•"• ••• 1*8

Sulphuretted hydrogen jpw 0-54060 "

^ ■<» I ■■l■l^

Total of solid and gaseous oontents....l5-94080 "

Dr. Harris, whose eminence in his profession,
and long familiarity with the use of the Buffalo
waters, entitle his opinions on this subject to the
utmost respect, thus speaks of their therapeutic
effects on the system :

"The first effects produced by drinking the
water is a flushed face, a quickened pulse, and
some giddiness of the head. These symptoms
soon pass off, however, and are followed by an
increase of appetite, a healthful glow on the surface.

,1
•

•"ij?

'vritlir TM iinniiiiiri»'rii'<tnriiii

iiiiiiimiiiWilffiirfit

S68

MINSKAI. WAiraS Of VIKOIVIA.

with more or leu perspiration, and a pleasing con-
■oiottSBess of new life and vigor infused into every
organ of the body. Very active, and sometimes
incipient diureeis vnpervenes, and continues as
long as the water is used. Occasionally, some
slight purging takes place for the first day or two,
but unless the mucous membrane of the bowels
was previously inflamed, or very irritable, the
protracted use of the water is attended with con-
stipation.

"The water is decidedly stimulant, and, of
course, contra-indicated in all diseases of an acute
inflammatory character ; as, likewise, in all cases of
hesmorrhageof the lungs, or acute diseases of the
bronchial tubes. As a mere tonic, however, it is
not wholly inadmissiUe in chronic affections of the
chest ; but should never be resorted to without
satisfactory evidence of the absence of tuberculous
diseases of thai cavity. Its stimulating effects,
added to the pre-existing excitement in this Jimited
class of diseases, constitutes * the head and front
of its offending.' "

"A practice," continues Dr. H., " of more than
twenty years in the immediate neighborhood of
this spring, has afforded opportunities of testing
the efficacy of the water in a great variety of
oases. As a tonic, diuretic, sudorific and emmena-
gogue, it has been prescribed and freely used in
every conceivable species of malady, in which
medioines belonging to these several classes, were

» ■ irr I imMii Hiiiiiig^^

BUVf ALO SnUKGHI.

359

ofliDg con-
into every
sometimee
itinues as
lly, some
ay or two,
he bowels
Able, the
with cono

, and, of
' an acute
til oaies of
ses of the
)yer, it is
ons of the
without
beronlous
g effects,
is limited
and front

tore than
>rhood of
)f testing
ariety of
emmena-
r used in
in which
sses.were

supposed to be indicated. And, although not
always with the complete success desired, yet
rarely erer without amendment, or some amelio-
ration in the general health of the patient, except
in the cases already specified.

" The principal morbid states to which it seems
to be well adapted, are dropsical affections, visceral
obstructions, protracted intermittent and remittent
fevers, chronic diseases of the skin, dyspepsia,
convalescence from fevers of every grade and type,
female complaints, and almost every disease of the
pelvic organs in both sexes."

The happy blending of fontc and alterative
powers in these waters, constitute them a valuable
remedy in a comprehensive class of cases in which
these two important influiences are denranded for
the restoration of health.

In the sallow or jaundiced condition of the skin,
common to denizens of warm miasmatic districts,
and always connected with hepatic derangements
of some sort, these waters will be used with excel-
lent success. In the milder obstructions of the
liver, spleen and kidneys, as well as in obstructions
in the lesser glands of the system, and in paucity
or poverty of the blood, their employment will be
Taluable. We should look also for highly bene-
ficial results from the judicious use of the waters
in ohronio irritation of the mucous coat of the
bowels, bladder or urethra, as well as in that
wretched form of disease technically known as

•*'

860

MIWHRAL WATBB8 OF VIROIKIA.

VermoK^hcea, a legitimate and not unfrequent

result of youthful improprieties.
In certain forms of female affections, particularly

in amen: irhcea, dismenorrhoea, chlorosis or leucor-

rbcea, where no condition of the general system

contra-indicates their use, .they will, doubtless.

be eminently serviceable.
In directing as to the manner of using the

waters, Dr. Harris very properly condemns the
over-doses of it but too frequently indulged in.
He thinks, that three or four glasses before break-
fast, and the same number before dinner, with an
occasional glass in the evening, are altogether
sufficient and remarks that a larger quantity than
this produces an over-distension of the stomach,
and sometimes an almost incessant micturition.
In chronic diarrhaa, it will only be borne in very
smaiUnd oft-repeated doses, and the same remark
will be found true in all cases attended with irrita-
bility of the alimentary canal.

HUGUENOT SPRINGS.

This watering place is in Powhatan County,
about seventeen miles above Richmond. It is
situated near the centre of a tract of land granted
by the British Crown to a body of Protestant
refugees driven from France by the repeal of the
edict of Nantes, in 1686.

'■•■' ""' ''•'- ■- "•" ii Tirii^f ii

infrequent

Eirticularly
I or leucor-
ral systom
doubtless,

using the
emns the
iulged in.
ore break-
■, with an
iltogether
ntity than
stomach,
cturition.
te in very
e remark
th irrita-

Coanty,
d. It is
i granted
rptestant
il of the

mm LONDON ALUM SPRIKCM.

861

There are two springs here, one mildly tul-
phurout, the other chalybeate. The first was
analysed by Professor Sogers, who ascertained
that it contained the ingredients usually found in
the sulphur waters of the country, but in small
proportions. The other spring was analyzed by
Professor Maupin, who pronounced it a mild and
pure chalybeate.

In addition to these medicated springs, there is a
weU from which is obtained a water strongly
tinctured both with sulphur and iron. This is
used, not or for drinking, but for bathing, its
medicinal ^ierties ■ when thus employed being
considered valuable.

The situation of the Huguenot Springs is cheer-
Ail, and more than ordinarily striking. Its
improvements are comfortable, and, altogether, it
affords a very agreeable and healthful summer
retreat for the habitneg of the neighboring cities of
Richmond and Petersburg, — and for the society-
seeking part of the community of the surrounding
country.

TXJSW LONDON ALUM SPRINO.

For a nutaber of years it has been known that
alum is a constituent part of a rock that is found
in large masses near the town of New London, in
the County of Campbell, ten miles southwest of
Lynchburg. An excavation made several years
ago into the ground, penetrating. this rock, but
81

;

MHiNNi

fut^ttmtamiiiiimm

m»i

^^'»^aiAa,t^(;!Wi. .«r*n

862

MiiriEAi WATus or TiRaiiru.

with no Tiow of obtaining ftlum water, the rirtaes
of which were not then appreciated, has, from the
percolation of the water through the layers of
rook, afforded an alum of sufficient purity to be
used by the good housewires of t&e vicinity for
''setting their dyes."

The medical reputation acquired witbh Ii j Us'
few years by the alum waters of Boci/.tclge,
induced the proprietor of this rook, P. Echol«,
Esq., to sink a shaft or well into it, with the hope
of obtaining alum water in sufficient quantity to
be used for medicinal purposes. His enterprise
has been crowned with entire Buroess. On pene-
trating the rock to the depth of sixteen feet, he
came to soTeral seaps or percolatione of water,
furnishing a sufficient amount to indua^ him to
suspend further operations and to cut an .utrance
into the bas^n, or spring, after the mauaer of
ancient wells, and of sufficient sise to admit
of easy ingress and egress to and from the
fountain.

This water has been much used since its dis-
covery, for various diseases, and as popular fame
alleges, and as several sensible and' judicious
persons in the neighborhood have assured me,
with very great advantage.

Three or four glasses a day, will operate gently
upon the howfiU of some persons; it very decidedly
promotes the secretion of the hidneyt; but its
leading operation is that of a generous tow and

iiitntowni;

the Tirtues
ii from the
I layers of
rity to be
ioinity for

ool'fjiiijge,
?. EoholM,
\k the hope
iMBtity to
enterpriie
On pene-
n feet, he
of water,
w him to
i <'U trance
ttttuaer of
to admit
from the

B ita dis-
ilar fame
judiciouB
ured me,

te gently
decidedly
; hot its
tonio and

MMtalAI

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

ill.0 ^^Ki

■^ IM 122

■IMU

L25 iU iid

1141

Photographic

Sdsices

Corporadon

as WIST MAIN STIHT

MIUTIR,N.Y. 145M

(7U)t73-4S03

«!'

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historicai IVIicroraproductions / Institut Canadian de microraproductions historiquas

itti^MiiitiiiiiiiiM. -

raw LONDON ALUM 8PBINGS. 363

astringent to the animal fibre, increasing the •
appetite and strengthening the general system.

It is a water that is attracting public attention,
and now occupies a favorable position among
waters of its class.

It has been analyzed by Professor Gilham with
the following results :— .

"A gallon of water furnished the following
mineral constituents: —

Salpharic iicid...~ •••• „......>— •••"•o^iKn gnuu.

Protoxide of iron • "^ ..

AlumiiuL *^"*

^^- i^ r.

If we suppose, which is ttie most probable sup-
position, thftt the sulphuric acid forms simple
combinations with the above bases, in the propor-
tions of one atom, or equivalent, of acid, to one
atom, or equivalent, of bftse, we shall have the
various salts of the acid in the following propor-
tions: —

Snlpluite of mi«nMia. 1«H»4 g«lM to the g«L

" prat <rf lioii......".88*4B6

u aliimiiuL • 7*240

" Ubw. „»,......18'67S

■* potatM...'. 10*160

And, to •ddWon, we h»Te of A« or imcomWned mlpliurlc
add, 10-078 gniiu.

864

MIKBRAL WATBB8 OF TIBOINIA.

This analysis of Professor Gilham will give con-
fidence as to the componeixt parts of this water,
while it indicates, as far as can be done by
chemistry, its appropriate medicinal adaptations.
Suggesting now, as heretofore, when treating of
the analysis of other waters in connection with
their medicinal use, the uncertainty of any
analysis as a basis for the administration of
mineral waters, I remark, that we have a new and
valuable light in this particular case, not always
accessible to new and untried waters. Between
the analysis of this water, and the alum waters of
Bath and Bockbridge, whose reputation and
.adaptations are now pretty well established,
there is a similarity in' several respects, so striking
|as to induce the belief that they are suited to the
I same general range of disease.

The intelligent physician, at all acquainted

|with the peculiar action of the alum waters, and

pooking to the leading indications afforded by the

fanalysu of this, will not fail to perceive that it is

piointed out as a valuable remedy in a large circle

lof cases that require an alterative totUctreatment,

Tt will be found valuable in the various forms of

Walt Mkeum, as sudi waters invariably are ; while

its good effects in CMoroaia, and other female

ftffections, unattended with febrile action, may

looked to, we would think, with decided confi-

Idenoe.

In anmmio, and other conditions of the system

i6.ViW»i'inj>i'WirirlriM ftHilrl

' iiiiiiiirn'iilriiaiiiifiir-tri

iriT Vi fnUfcliMMiiijUM

Trrai B B'

xrillgiveoon-
' this water,
be done by
adaptations,
a treating of
lection with
nty of any
listration of
ve a new and
not always
8. Between
am waters of
itation and
established,
s, so striking
uited to the

acquainted
waters, and
trded by the
ve that it is
large circle
tc treatment.
ous forms of

are ; while
ther female
iction, may
loided confi-

the system

SPBINOS OV KSNTUOKT.

demanding the use of t(Aic remedies, this water
may be used with excellent effect. In cutaneous
and ulcerative affections, in primary nervous
diseases, in profluvia, and passive haemorrhages,
it will be found well adapted.

CHAPTER XXIV.

SPRINGS OF KENTUCKY.
marrodtburff—Boaimttr--Olifn^n--Blae UOcr-BML.

HARRODfiBUBa SpMNGB.*— Thcso Springs are situ-
ated near the source of Salt Biver, and in the
immediate suburbs of the town of Harrodsburg.
They have been extensively and handsomely
improved, e^d in the language of Dr. Drake, will
in this respect, "compare advantageously with
any to be found in America or Europe."

Dr. Raymond's analysis shows, that one fiid at
the water of the Gbshvilui Spring, contains —

*To Dr. Dnke, who ww one of the brighteit phUoeoidiical
lights of the proHaeBion hi America, we an princ^fMlly bidebted
for onr knowledge of the Springs of Kentncky.
81*

'^*9(P»

366

8PRINCN9 OF XBNTDOKT.

if^

Carbonate of magnesia.. 2*87 gnina.

Bi-carbonate (rf Ume * OM "

Bolphate of magneeia(ci7ataUised) 10*16 "

Bnlpbate of lime (ayatallized) ll'O0 "

Oliliiiride of sodiom a trace

80-iMI "

One pint of the Saloon or Chalybeatb Spring,
contains —

Bi-carbonate of magnesia 0*48 grains.

Bi-carbonate of lime 481 "

Bi-oarbonate of inm » ~ 0-60 "

Sulphate of magnesia (crystalliced). 271>2 "

Bolpbate of lime (crystallized) 10-34 "

Chloride of sodium... ...«» ~ l'S4 "

44-60 "

Br. Baymond could not detect either free car-
bonic acid or sulphuretted hydrogen gas.

The water of the Grenville Spring is the better
antacid — ^that of Saloon, the better tonic. Indeed,
small as the quantity of iron is, it sometimes
produces an uncomfortable feeling in the head,
which is relieved by drinking at the other fountain.
In reference to the excreiiona, the water from both
acts upon the bowels, kidneys, and skin. Beyond
these sensible effects, it pervades the whole con-
stitution, and many classes of invalids veiy soon
feel a renovation of appetite, strength, and cheer-
fulness, although its primary effects seem to be
sedative, not stimulant.

ii«l' > Mt iii Tt i ilv'Ti | i' l lir iil iW'll>-| i r l ' i lf' i ttl>i iril ll l fi

''^'"Y'i'i(iii''hh Y'^'^'l^nirTiftritfi^ ni'aift-rrfiirtnfciiiiitfi^V^r^^

ROOHBSXBR BPBIKO.

367

2'87 gniiu.
OM "
616 "
106 "
trace

KH» "
lEATB SpRINO,

0*48 gniiu.
4.81 "
0-50 "

i7-«a «'

10-24 "
1-94 "

14^ "

her free car-

is the better
aic. Indeed,
it sometimes
in the head,
ther fountain,
^r from both
kin. Beyond
B whole con-
ds yeiy soon
h, and cheer-
8 seem to be

Dr. Drake remarks, that "these waters are
very beneficial in chronic yjflammations and
obstructions of th« abdominal viscera; in such
cases of dyspepsia as are attended with subacute
gastritis; and in almost every kind of hepatic
disorder, except when the liver is indurated, and
consequently, incurable. They are almost equally
beneficial in chronic inflammations of many other
parts of the system — especially of the serous and
fibrous membranes. In tonic dropsies, in rheu-
matism, and in various affections of the periosteum
from febrile metastasis, from syphilis, and from
mercury, they have often effected a cure, when
other means had failed." He also speaks very
favorably of their employment in urinary dis-
orders, and chronic diseases of the skin. He
enjoins caution in their use in pulmonary com-
plaints, and considers them hurtful in vomica,
tubercular suppurations, and hepatization of the
pulmonary tissue.

BooHBBTBR Spkiko, according to Dr. Drake, ii
a feeble but constant stream, that bursts out
about sixty feet below the summit of a ridge of
coarse-grained, shell' limestone. It so neariy
resembles the waters just described, that a
detailed account of its waters would be superfluous.
It is one mile from Perry ville and twelve from
Harrodsburg.

IliWIIirlMl ltei<li»r lllMIWiliMtmr

368

SFKiNos or KmmroKT.

The Oltmpux Spmkos constitute one of the
oldest and most aoted watering places in Ken-
tucky. They are situated in Bath County, about
fifty miles east of Lexington, on the waters of
Licking River, which unites with the Ohio, oppo-
site Cincinnati.

There are several springs and wells, which
present such differences in their composition, that
of all the watering places o£ the West, this -has
been supposed to afford ths greatest variety ; but
Dr. Drake remarks : "I could not myself detect
more than three kinds— a /8W« and Shd^ur, a
White Svlphurf and a Chalybeate.

"The Salt ato Suiphub Wkll contains sulphu-
retted hydrogen, muriate of soda, carbonate of
soda, and perhaps a little muriate of lime.

"Thb Whim Sulphub Spunro is situated half a
mile from the well. This spring is. said to hare
made its first appearance during the earthquakes
of 1811. Its temperature is 69°. Its composition
is essentially the same with that of the well just
described, but the ingredients of the two vary in
their proportions. The quantity of sulphur is
greater in the spring than in the well ; on the
otl^er hand, the spring has but a weak impregna-
tion of muriate of soda compared with the well.
The proportion of carbonate of soda is nearly the
same in both.

itiHMfiftn»iiWMmi*r

e one of the
laces in Ken-
Dounty, about
the waters of
e Ohio, oppo-

wells, which
position, that
rest, this 'has
variety ; but
myself detect
i iS^pAur, a

tains sulphn-
oarbonate of
' lime.

tuated half a
said to hare
earthquakes
I composition
)he well just
two vary in
' sulphur is
veil; en the
k tmpregna-
th the well;
s nearly the

BLOB LICK SPMNOS.

"The Chaltbbatk Sprimos are two in number,
and are situated about forty yafds apart, and half
a mile from the Salt and Sulphur Wei). They are
simple carbonated iron waters."

The Salt and Sulphur waters, Dr. Drake informs
us, are principally drunk ; of these, from one to
eight tumblers are taken in the morning. Its
diuretic effects are prompt, its action upon the
bowels very inconsiderable.

Blub Lick Spbincns. — At this place, Dr. Drake
tells us, there are several springs, all essentially
of one kind — ^the Stdphuroua Saline. They are
situated on the bank of Licking River, twenty-
four miles from the Ohio, and on the main road
that leads from Maysville to Lexington. From
the early settlement of the State until within
the last eighteen years, salt was manufactured
at this place.

The analysis of the Blue Lick Waters b>
Professor Peter* shows that its gaseous contents
consist of sulph. hydrogen and carbonic acid;
and its solid contents, of the carbonates of lime
and magnesia, the chlorides of potassium, sodium
and magnesia, the sulphate of lime, and .potash)
bromide of magnesium, iodide of magnesium,
silicic aicid, with a small amount of alumira,
phosphate of lime, and oxide of iron.

* Mineral and Thermal Sprbigs, by Dr. Jobn BelL

370

BPUHCM or KBfT0CKT.

The solid oontentf of the Blue Lick water are to
those of the White Sulphur, as rather more than
nine to two. In the former are sixty-four grains
of chlofide of sodium, or common salt, to the
pint; in the latter, hut a small fraction. The
first contains about three and a half grains of
sulphate of lime, the second about ten grains.
The White Sulphur holds in solution, however,
sulphates of magnesia and. soda, both of which
are wanting in the Blue Lick ; while in its turn
the latter has chloride of potassium, and sulphate
of potash and bromide of magnesium, which are
not in the former. The quantity of sulph. hydro-
gen in the Blue Lick is double that in the White
Sulphur. Iodide of magnesium is found in both.

The medical virtues of the Blue Lick water are
those of a $aline gulphur, and are analogous to,
but more active than, the Olympian Spring
water. It acts freely as a diuretic ; but only
occasionally as a purgative. It may be used with
advantage in nearly all the chronic diseases in
which the sulphur waters already described have
been recommended. The water employed as a
bath, can be very properly connected with its
internal use.

Jlsnu. SPBiircM, in Estill County, are sulphurous
waters. There are two springs here, called
White and Bed Sulphur.

The White Sulphur contains 0*09 per cent, of

l*-^,..^..!^.^^,, .. ^-..i.-...-.^^^^ ^

M i ri wiif^'j I ■ teta i rnh . i Mi B iia i aaiiia ti i l iit,

c water are to
Br more than
y-four grains
salt, to the
■action. The
alf grains of
b ten grains,
ion, however,
>th of which
B in its turn
and sulphate
n, which are
mlph. hydro-
n the White
>and in both,
ck water are
analogous to,
pian Spring
c ; but only
be used with
diseases in
iscribed have
aployed as a
ted with its

'e sulphurous
here, called

per cent, of

i I

TTBSSISW^WfWT

MnriiuL snuKcw or ohio.

Zll

solid oontentt— the Bed, 0*04 per cent., coniisting
Id both CMei of carbonates of soda, lime and
magnesia ; sulphates of lime, magnesia and soda ;
chloride! of sodium, calcium and magnesium,
with hydro*8ulphate of soda, and a trace of
carbonate of iron.

.. . .1

£.'*•

CHAPTER XXV.

MINERAL BPIQN08 OF OHIO.

OMo WkUe Bvifkwr, Ut BUorf, Im pr ottm rnU , do—Ant Oi fm
MkUeitui AdaptaUim$, Se., *o-Baltit$ OMgbtaU Spring-^
TtOoto Bprint—Wutport Spring.

OHIO WHITE SULPHUR.

Ohio Whiti Sulphub. — Near the geographical
centre of Ohio, in the County of Delaware, and
immediately on the West bank of the Scioto, sur-
rounded by a country broken > hilly, and beauti-.
fully picturesque, arises the Ohio White Sulphur.
The Scioto is here a rippling, rapid streapi, hastily
flowing and fretting over beds of boulder rooks,
and skirted for many miles above and below the
spring, by slopes or banks of considerable eleva^

i%'yic^i»*iw*««hi#r

372

MINBRAI. SPRnrOS OV OHIO.

tion, which gently spread out into undnlatory
table-landg, charmingly interspersed with valley
and hillj and blessed with an atmosphere free
from malarious influences at every period of the
year, and as salubrious as is found in our high
mountain ranges.

Under the name of BaH's Spring, this place has
been known for its mineral waters for more than
twenty years. The circumstance that led to its
improvement as a spring property by Mr. Hart, its
former proprietor, is worthy of note. Ho had
visited the White Sulphur Springs in Virginia,
for tho relief of a complicated stomach and liver
complaint ; returning to Ohio '^ured of hi! disease,
his attention was called to this Artesian sulphur
fountain, and upon examination, he found its
waters^ so strikingly to resemble those of the
Virginia Spring, as to induce him to purchase
and improve it in view of ite medicinal valuoj

The property was afterwards purchased by Mr.
A. Wilson, of Cincinnati, whose energy, good
taste, and ample means, were actively exercised in
enlarging its accommodations, and still further
beautifying the place, already, by the bounties of
iMture, rarprisingly beautiful.

The buildings for visitors are pleasantly situated
on la beautifiiUy undulating plateau, at an eleva-
tion of perhaps one hundred and tw^ty feet
above the level of the river, and ab^ut «ight
hundred feet distant from it. With those now in

^^iWWiwMWMM|MMgi0i|

■'^"r-'liMintiiliiiiiirilii^-i

iQpw*

to undnlatory
id with valley
aosphere free
period of the
1 in our high

this place has
for more than
bat led to its
r Mr. Hart, its
)te. He had
I in Virginia,
Eich and liyer
of hif disease,
}sian sulphur
he found its
those of the
I to purchase
lal valuoj
based hj Mr.
snergy, good
f exercised in
still further
e bounties of

wtly situated
at an eleva-
tw^ty feet
about -eight
those now in

OHIO WHITB SUIiPHUB.

873

progress to completion, the accommodation will
be ample and comfortable for six hundred persons.
The drawing of the grounds, including the various
improvements on the spring lawn, that accom-
panies this article, renders a particular descrip-
tion of them unnecessary.

The good tastii and liberality of the proprietor
of this property seem to be untiring in suggesting
and carrying forward new means of comfort and
amusement for his visitors, as well as for their
more beneficial use of the waters. To these ends,
a charming wood lawn of a hundred acres, ad-
joining the spring lawn, has been laid off in walks
and catriage-drives, and extensive hathing-lwiuea '
have been erected, furnishing not only warm and
hot tub-baths, but also with arrangements for
employing doudie and aweat baths : these capnot
fail, from the high mineral impregnation of the
water, to prove eminently valuable in a great
variety of cases.

The construction of doudui and noea/ting baiht ot
sulphur water, to be employed uncter proper cir-
cumstances, in connection with the internal «■«
of the water, is a matter of the utmost importance
to the successful treatment of numerous cases
that resort to mineral springs.

The water for bathing is here heated by »<eaii»,
in the tub in which it is used. This is a vast
improvement over the old method of he^ng
mineral waters for bathing. Under the old plan

374

MINKRAL 6PRIKGS OF OHIO.

of heating in a boiler, ahd thence carrying the
water to the bathing-tub, much of its valuable
saline matter was precipitated a^d lost. By this
improved method of applying steam to the water
in the tub, the heat is never so great in raising
the water to the bathing point, as to cause any
important precipitation of its lalts ; hence they
are left in their natural suspension in the water,
to exert their specific effect upon the bather. Not
only so, but, by this improved method, hot steam
may be let into the tub, from time t« time, as the
water cools, «o as to keep it essentially of the
same temperature during the entire process of
bathing ; a consideration often of no sm'ali im-
portance. This method of heating mineral waters
in the tub in which they are used, in connection
with dowihe and sweating baths, brings warm and
hot bathing at this place, in fair competition with
bathing at naturally Warm and Hot Springs, and
will be productive of the same good effects that
are experienced from bathing in such springs.

The Ohio White Sulphur fountain iit a curiosity
in hydraulics. Its waters arise in a boring made
through solid rock that underlies the bed of the
river, and are thrown np by subterranean power
one hundred and sixty feet to the surface of the
earth, where a pipe is attached to the mouth of
the boring, or well, along which, by means of the
same subterranean power, they are propelled a
distance of near three hundred feet, and to an

IMM

OHIO WHtiB SULPHVB.

875

sarryiDg the

its valuable
St. By this

to the water
it in raising
;o cause any

hence they
in the water,
tother. Not
d, hot steam

time, OS the
iially of the
process of

sm'all im-
iheral waters
X connection
;s warm and
petition with
Springs, and

1 effects that
springs.

is a curiosity
3oring made
e bed of the
mean power
irface of the
le mouth of
means of the
propelled a
, and to an

elevation of some sixty feet above the level of the
river. Here they flow into a beautiful marble
reservoir, the fountain from which the water is
received for drinking. From the base of this
reservoir the water is conducted under ground to
the batlirrooms, and from thence to form a beauti-
ful jet d'eau in its exit to the river, into which it
falls when released from its utilitarian purposes.
A hydrodynamic problem here very naturally
arises in the inquisitive mind. By what power is
this volume of water made to rise more than two
hundred feet perpendicularly above its source in
the bowels of the earth ?

Writers on physics assert that there are but
two known forces that account for such phenomena;
first, a gaawtts force, and it is alleged that when
water is propelled by such a force, it always flows
more or less per saitum, ahd not in a constant
regular stream ; second, the well-known force, or
principle, by which water finds its own level.
Now this water does not come up per saUvm in
any degree, but in a continuous, bold, dashing
current. When we look around in search of a
probable elevation from which it might come, we
find it not in the State of Ohio, nor in many hun-
dreds of miles in any direction, except in the great
Apalachian chain of Virginia or Pennsylvania,
and the nearest of these, perhaps two hundred
miles distant. Do these sulphur waters, as such,
come from the great Alleghany supplies that are

i!M| »ailH: . ( | -u ii

^76

MINBKAL CmaHOfl Of OHIO.

known to exist, and are so frequently found issu-
ing from the base of that range of mountains in
VirginiaJ or, do they receive their mineral im-
pregnations near the place where they arise, and
is there some force not yet understood by which
water may be propelled to great heights above its
natural source?

Interesting as this question may be, I must
Imve its ultimate decision to those more deeply
Yersed in the arcana of nature.

This fountain, as valuable as a medicinal agent
as it is curious in physics, was first discovered
about thirty-four years ago.

A gentleman, by the name of Baohus, was
boring at this place for salt water, and after
penetrating the solid rock to the depth of one
hundred and sixty feet, his auger suddenly sunk
two feet, and the sulphur water gushed out. Not
then appreciating the value of this discovery, he
continued his boring, still through solid rock, to
the &rther depth of three hundred and thirty
feet, when be reached salt water, but not of suffi-
cieQt strength to justify its evaporation into salt
as a business. Subsequently the lower boring
was plugged, and the sulphur ira^ex alone peif-
mitted to flow up.

The hole, along which the wator rises, is seven
and a half inches in oircumferenoe, up which it
raihes with treme&dous force, at the rate of one
huudred and twenty gallons » minute, or seven
thousand two hundred gallons per hour.

■#iii<i^lWii«iWWWlfll^

iifiiaiat^iiWii^niniViii

OHIO WBin SUIPHVB.

ill

J found iflsn-
mountains in
mineral im-
ley arise, and
>od by which
;htB above its

be, I must
more deeply

lioinal agent
>t discovered

Baohus, was
, and after
epth of one
ddenly sunk
ed out. Not
liscoyery, he
slid rock, to
1 and thirty
not of suffi-
ion into salt
Dwer boring
r alone pel^•

ises, is seven
up which it
rate of one
te, or seven
ir.

To convey some idea of the volume of this sub-
terranean current of sulphur water, and the
rapidity with which it is forced along its channel,
we are told that an attempt was made to introduce ^
a copper tube from the surface to the bottom of
the well, and that very soon, that portion of the
tube that entered the current, became bent and
flattened by its force.

Although these springs have but for a few years
attracted much of public attention, enough is
satisfactorily known of them to enable Oi to
welcome them to a prominent position among the
watering places of the country.

Their geographical position being (antral in the
great and flourishing State in which they are
situated, and essentially so as between the popula-
tion of the Southwest and the watering places of
the Middle and Northern States ; the ready
facility with which they are approaehed by rail-
road from every direction ; andj above all, the
medicinal value of their waters, point them outa«
a place of very large valetudinary and fashionable
resort by the people of America. So fortunately
are they located in reference to accessibility^ that
visitors from North, South, East or West, can
approach within four miles of them on unbroken
chains of railroad.

The elevated and healthful country in which
they are situated, with the established fact of its
entire freedom from malarious influences at all

'i|-«>ftiiii"iiii|li«|

srs

MINERAL SPRnrOB OF OHIO.

Beaaons of the year, gire to persons who are
seeking a healthful climate, for a summer retreat,
a reliable assurance of finding such at this place.
The waters of this sulphur fountain hare been
analyzed by Professor E. 8. Wayne, of Cincinnati,
who shows that their gaseous contents consist of —

Sulphuretted hydrogen. Carbonic acid.

Their solid contents of—

Sulphate of lime.
Sulphate of magnesia,
Chloride of calcium,
Chloride of sodium,
Chloride of magnesium.

Carbonate of lime,
Oxide of iron,
Sulphuret of calcium.
Iodine,
Organic matter.

The temperature of this spring, winter and
Bunilner, is 52° Fah.

This analysis shows that the water holds in
solution many of the best ingredients found in the
most celebrated waters of Europe and America,
and indicates its adaptation to a large circle of
chronio diseases to which humanity is subject.

While this water strongly resembles the Vir-
ginia White Bulphtir in sereral respects, it is still
more like the waters of Avon and Sharon Springs
in New York, than any other with which I am
familiar. The two latter waters differ somewhat
from each other, and so will this be found to differ
from botit ; nerertheless the likeness is not inapt
between them in many essential particulars.

IHiISM

OHIO wmTB BULPHUB.

St9

008 who are
mmer retreat,
at this place,
in have been
of Cincinnati,
ts consist of—

ic acid.

e of lime,
iron,
)t of oalciiim,

[natter.

, winter and

iter holds in
I found in the
ind America,
irge circle of
s subject,
bles the Yir-
icts, it is still
aron Springs
which I am
er somewhat
}und to differ
is not inapt
iculars.

The author visited and spent some time at these
springs in the fall of 1857, and again in 1868,
with the view of examining the waters, and
ascertaining, by scientific research and practical
observation, their peculiar characteristics and
medical adaptations. The field of observation
while at the springs, was too limited to mature
conclusions as definite and positive in reference to
the specific character of the waters as was desira-
ble ; but in all cases in which I witnessed their
use, the effects were highly satisfactory ; and
many intelligent persons, among them medical
men of high reputation, who had used the waters,
assured me of their beneficial effects. But any
want of observation upon my part has been fully
supplied by Dr. W. W. Dawson, of Cincinnati, a
gentleman of science and learning in the profes-
sion, who spent the entire summer of 1868 at the
springs. In his " ObtermtioM tUthe Springs in
1858," he gives a clear and satisfactory account of
the curative power of the water in dyspepsia, and
the various depravities of the stomach; in diseases
of the liver, and in various chronic affeoticms of
the bowels and kidneys. '

Dr. Dawson reports a very interesting case, of
chrome Fericarditia that was entirely cured by
the water He recommends its use in congestion
of the lungs and tracheal tubes. In a <»se of
chlorosis that came under his observation, it was
signally suocesBful ; and decided benefit was

■ j i ai jiliwrt

880

MIHIftAL SPRniM Of OHIO.

derired from its employment in cases of dropsical
effusions.*

Dr. D. informs us he had but little opportunity
of seeing the waters tested in rheumatism, or in
severe affections of the skin. But from my
obserrations of the value of similar waters in
those diseases, I should have great confidence in
their use in such cases, especially when their
internal use is connected with the warm or hot
sulphur baths. I would make the same remark in
reference to mercurial disease, commonly so
called, or eeoondary Ives, often htdntve of mineral
fountains ; in such cases we may look to the free
internal use of the water, with hot sulphur
bathing, with much hope.

QiALTBiSATB Sphinob.— In addition to the sul-
phur Artesian fountain of which we have been
treating, there are in dose proximity to it, and
within the spring lawn, three other mineral
springs deserving of notice. They are all im-
pregnated with tron, two of them strongly so.
The/ are known as the ChalybMe, the Magneaiany
and the SMine Chalybeate Springs.

The water of the OhtO/gbeaU is beautifuUy
transparent and sparkling, of pleasant taste, and
of the nniform temperature of 66° Fah.

^*5fT27****** •* **» ^^>^ '''f^^ Solphar Snrinn ia 1888.
tifW.W.I>*wa(»i,]lD. . '^* '

<imm

mim

^—--"- 'fli ll 1 1 - tgi ll

I of dropsical

I opportnnitj
atism, or in
it from my
it waters in
!onfld«nce in

when their
rarm or hot
ne remark in
mmonly so
I of mineral

to the free
lot sulphnr

to the snl-
> have heen
f to it, and
ter mineral
are all im-
itrong^ly so.
I Magnetianf

heantifttlljr
fc taste, and

wiqgtia 1808,

0HALTBBA3S tPBIHaS.

881

Professor Wayne's chemical examinations found
this spring to contain—

Sulphate of iron, Chloride of calcium,

Oxide of iron, Carhonate of lime,

Sulphate of magnesia, Iodine,
Sulphate of lime. Potash,

Organic matter.

Like other waters of iU dass. In which the
chalyheate decidedly prevails, it is essentially
tonic and alterative, and may he prescribed with
advantage in cases of paucity or poverty of the
blood, when unconnected with obstinate visceral
obstructions; in general debility resulting from
prior violent disease, or from hsemorrhagic or
other discharges from the stomach, bladder,
bowels or womb. In long-continued intermit-
tents, and in dropsical effusions, they will prove
beneficial. As a secondary remedy, following the
nse of sulphur waters, chalybeates often prove
eminently serviceable in restoring the energies of
the system and hastening a cure ; this is especially
the case in neuralgia, and in that peculiar stomach
affection known as gastralgia, as well as in *hat
nervous and debilitated stote of the system the
result of excessive or improper indulgences.

In leucorrhcea, chlorosis, and amenorrhcea and
its general attendant sterility, such waters have
always enjoyed a high and well-deserved celebrity j

882

MimBAL flPBiRas or ohio.

indeed, if chalybeate nraten had no other claim to
confidence than their admitted efficacy in curing
the obstinate and health-undermining obstructions
in females, they would still stand, a choice boon of
a benificent Providence.

The Maonbsian Bpbino is shown, by Professor
Wayne, to contain iron, magnesia, lime, potassa,
iodine and organic matter.

The principal difference between this and the
Ohalybeate Spring, is occasioned by its containing
a large amount, of sulphate of magnesia, but a
smaller amount of iron than the chalybeate,
which, consequently, render it more purgative,
but less tonic than the latter. Indeed, the waters
of this spring contain a sufficient amount of
magnesia to make it, when freely drunk, decidedly
purgative.

The occasional use of proper quantities of this
water by patients using the sulphur or chalybeate,
and when these waters do not sufficiently move
the bowels, may often be highly beneficial.

Tra Sauvi Ch ALYBBATe SpuKa has not heretofore
been much used. Dr. Wayne examined it chem-
ically, and found it to contain, besides carbonic
acid gas, oxide of iron, chloride of calcium,
sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia, carbonate
of lime, with small qa.Mititie8 of potassa, iodine
and organic matter.

■1 1?, ipi"<>fii mmufB mammmimmm

ro.

other claim to
cacy in curing
ig obstructions
choice boon of

, by Professor
lime, potassa,

I this and the
its containing
^gnesia, but a
e chalybeate,
)re purgative,
ed, the waters
it amount of
ink, decidedly

ntities of this
or chalybeate,
Bciently move
leficial.

not heretofore
ined it chem-
lides carbonic,
of calcium,
lia, carbonate
>taflsa, iodine

TBLIiOW SPKIVQ.

As a medicinal water it diflfers in no loading or
important respect from the chalybeate Spring.*

The Ybixow Spriho is in Green County, two
miles west of the Miami River, and sixty-four
north of Cincinnati. Dr. Drake states that " it
is a copious and constant fountain, 4hat issues
between strata of arenaceous limestone, and thus
has geological characters perfectly identical with
the Chalybeate Springs of the Olympian valley in
Kentucky." The temperature of the water is the
same as of the other springs of the neighborhood,
52° Fah. The water is beautifully transparent,
with a slight ferruginous taste, and is said to
resemble in its composition the other limestone
springs of the country, with, the addition of the
carbonate of iron.

Dr. Drake informs us " that its water is diuretto
and slightly laxative, if it can be considered as
having this effect at all with any uniformity."
He considers the water rather restorative than
curative, and as such is valuable for convalescents.
He regards it as a pleasant tonic, and hence
valuable in cases of debility, or exhaustion fol-
lowing previous violent attacks, and in nervotis
disorders.

• Ibrafiaaee<mnt<fi\m«ater$,»eeapamf»Itieram«i tt«
" OM0 WkUe ehOpkur Bpringt."

w^iiui

884

afflmuL muirfiw or omo.

Tm WMTPOSTbPRiiro.-.ItftriMi (Dr. Bell) " in
the bed of Deer Creek, a tributary of the Scioto
River, from a vaet bed of clay-slate, which, for
many miles forms the bed of the creek." It is a
bold fountain, yielding some twenty gallons of
water a minute. It belongs to the taline clata,
and contains sulphate of magnesia and iron, the
latter being held in solution by carbonic acid,
which gives the water a lively and sparkling
appearance as it rises to the surface. The water
is said to be mildly cathartic. It will, doubtless,
be found valuable in dyspepsia, gastralgia, and a
numerous class of Ainctional derangements of the
ohylopoietio viscera.

t 'M t MHi! ' )i i iil"JH'l j*.ia' l .} i ii!i%ffl! .I ll i. •" < ".i_( ju i .ji r i ii w i ji j i j > 1 1 ji i ii iiitfif$ff0tteg^pim

Dr. Bell) « ia
' of the Soioto
te, which, for
eek." It IB a
ity gallons of
e taline cUut,
•nd iron, the
carhonic add,
^nd sparkling
e. The water
ill, doubtless,
itralgia, and a
ements of the

MIMEF.AL . rRlNOfl OF TENNESSEE

CHAPTEB XXVI.

MINERAL SPRIN08 OP TENNESSEE.

White't Creek Spring- Robertton'^- Wineh«iUr—Beer$heba--M<ml-
v(Ue—TaU'»—Lee't Bu^ur and Chnlj/beate—Alum Uprxng*—
Warm Spring on tKe French Broad.

The same great Apalachian chain of mountains
tliat ei^tend through Virginia, and affords what
is there known as the "Spring Region," continues
its course southwesterly through the State of
Tennessee from the northeastern to the south-
western horder of the State, gradually losing its
elevation as it goes South, until, finally, in Ala-
hama, it sinks into the alluvial plains that extend
to the Gulf of Mexico.

This extensive mountain range, or rather series
of mountains, running on the same parallel, is
called in Tennessee the Cumherland range, and
divides Eaat Tennessee from Middle Tennessee.

On the southern border of the State, for near
two hundred miles in length, is the great chain
of Blue Ridge mountains, a continuation of
the same lofty range that in Virginia, separates
between the Great VdUey and Eastern Virginia.
. In Tennessee, this range of mountains is on the
line between that State and North Carolina, South

386

IdlNBRAL SPRINGS OF TENNESSKK.

Carolina and Georgia. Both of these great moun-
tain ranges aflford essentially the same geological
characteristics in Tennessee, that they do in Vir-
ginia. And on their slopes, and near their hase,
in the latter as in the former State, mineral springs
of various qualities and strength are known to
exist. But as yet in Tennessee hut few of these
springs have heen improved, and made places of
resort for the invalid, or the general puhlic ; nor
have they yet, as a general thing, made out a
satisfactory record of their precise quality, or
medicinal applicahilities.

The SaUfte and Sulphurous and the Carbonated
iron waters are those most frequently met with in
this State. I proceed to mention those that have
been introduced to public notice as places of
valetudinary or pleasure resorts.

White's Creek SpRiNa is twelve miles from
Nashville. It is held in high estimation by many,
and is considerably resorted to. It is said to con-
tain sulphur, iron and magnesia, the former in
large proportion. In cutaneous disorders and
calculous affections it has been much praised for
its curative powers.

BoBBRTSON Springs belong to the class of saline
waters. They are twenty miles from Nashville.

Winchester Springs are four miles from the
pleasant town of Winchester, in Franklin County,

MMM

miiHiiimiii

Wl'liiMHiailM

MMm

ISEB.

e great moun-
.me geological
ley do in Vir-
i&r their base,
ineral springs
are known to
t few of these
aade places of
il public ; nor
, made out a
e quality, or

le Carbonated
y met with in
lose that have
as places of

I miles from
tion by many,
is said to con-
lie former in
lisorders and
1 praised fpr

lass of saline
m Kashville.

les from the
iklin County,

AVINCHESTBR AND BEBRSHBBA SPniNGS. 38T

on the Nashville and Chattanooga Eailroad,
seventy miles from Nashville, and fifty from
Chattanooga.

There are here, in close proximity, /our different
springs, Red and White Sulphur, Chalybeate
and Freestone. These springs enjoy considerable
celebrity and patronage, and are well worthy of
attention both as a place of healthful and pleasur-
able resort.

In the same neighborhood, and but four miles
distant, other springs have been discovered, called
Allisona Springs. They resemble the Winchester
Springs in quality, and promise to be of equal
medicinal value.

Bbbrsheba Springs are on the summit of one of
the spurs of the Cumberland Mountain, in the
County of Grundy, about twelve miles northeast
from McMinnsville. They have come into notice
as a watering place within the last four years.

The water is a saline chalybeate, and is regarded
as valuable tonic alteifative.

These springs have been tastefully and conveni-
ently improved for the accommodation of from
four to five hundred persons.

The scenery surrounding the Beershoba Springs
is both beautiful and picturesque, and remarkable
alike for its extent of range and its wild and
romantic prospects.

There are here some fifteen or twenty elegant

388

UINERAL SPBIKGS OF TENNESSEE.

cottage residences, belonging to, and generally
occupied by, wealthy families of Nashville, and
other parts of the Southwest.

The society assembled at this place during the
summer is aways select, elegaat and cultivated,
and this, in connection with the value of the
waters, and the salubrious character of the atmos-
phere, make Beeraheba a very desirable summer
retreat.

Through the entire circuit of East Tennessee,
as bounded by the Cumberland range of mountains
on the North and the Blue Bidge on the South,
mineral waters are abundant, and some, particu-
larly of the scdine and chalybeate character, have
been demonstrated to be of excellent quality.

MoNTVALB Springs are in Blount County, twenty-
four miles south of Knoxville. They belong to
the 8a2ine class.

The analysis of these waters by Professor
Mitchell, shows that they contain in one gallon
of water —

Chloride of sodium i-gfj

Sulphate of magnesia...... 12-00

Sulphate of lime 74-21

Sulphate of soda > _ 4-61

Carbomite of lime 18-2(|

, Carbonate of iron £'40

They also show traces of potash and organic
matter, with an excess of carbonic acid.

liiiKiBiil

SSEE.

nd generally
fashville, and

e during the
d cultivated,
value of the
of the atnios-
able summer

Bt Tennessee,
of mountains
a the South,
ome, particu-
iracter, have
quality.

mty, twenty-
ey belong to

jy Professor
a one gallon

l-M

12-00

4-61

18-26

8-40

and organic
id.

MONTVALE BPRmOS.

389

The Matttvale are valuable waters, and very
favorably represent the class to which they belong.
In many of the dyspeptic depravities, and generally
in the chronic disorders of the abdominal and
pelvic viscera, they are used with great success.

They enjoy considerable reputation in the cure
of chronic diarrhcea, a disease very common and
very fatal in our extreme Southern latitudes. In
the summer of 1854, the author spent several
weeks at Montvale, and witnessed the operation of
its waters in quite a number of cases of this dis-
ease. In those in which it was used in quantities,
but slightly provocative of increased operations
from the bowels, and in which a guarded for-
bearance in diet and general living was observed,
it proved eminently useful, and especially in cases
connected with, and kept up by, depraved biliary
secretions. While, on the other hand, those who
used the water in full purgative doses derived no
benefit, and some were injured. The best article in
the Mat^a MetUca may be so misused as to render
it inert or injurious, and the invalid at this, and all
the mineral springs, should remember that it is
not, as many seem to suppose, to drink and be
heeded, but so to drink as to secure the proper and
sanative effects of the agent.*
The waters of the Montvale more resemble those

• See account of Jfon<«wto SpntH>», by J. J. Moormwi, M. D.,
pabliBhedinl855.

It-

390

MINBBAL Sf SINOS OF TERNESSEBr

of the Alleghany Springs in Virginia, than any
other with which we can compare them.

Tatb's Sprutos are in the County of Granger.
They are adline waters, and are very like those of
MotUvale, but hold in solution a larger amount of
iron.

1 -v

Lbb'b Sprikos are twenty miles east of Knoxville.
There are here two Sidphur and a Chalybeate
Spring. The sulphurs are good waters of their
class ; the chalybeate is pure and strong, and
superior to many waters of its kind.

At the town of Butledge, in Granger County, is
a very strong sulphurous spring, and near Bean's
Station, in the same county, are several beautiful
fountains of sulphur water, abounding in red and
whitQ deposits.

Alum Springs.—I have examined the waters
from an Alum Spring, found nearjlogersville, in
Hawkins County, which compare favorably with
any alum waters that are known.

Warm SpRiNG.—It is said that on the French
Broad River, near the North Carolina line, there
is a Warm Spring of 95° Fah., issuing from the
bank of the river. •

mmtmm

IMI

mmm

XBr

SPRINGS OF NORTH OAROUKA.

3^1

ia, than any

of Granger,
like those of
er amount of

)f Enoxville.

a Chalybeate

ters of their

strong, and

er County, is

near Bean's

ral beautiful

9^ in red and

the waters
gersville, in
rorably with

the French
k line, there
Dg from the

CHAPTER XXVII.

SPRmOS OP NORTH CAROLINA.

Warm and Hot 8piing$ «f Buneomb6—8hoeeo ^^ring—Jcne*
White Bulpkur and Chaljfieate—Kittnttt Springt.

North Carolina is not remarkable for mineral
springs ; the most noted are the

Warm and Hot Springs op Buncombv. — These
thermal fountains arise on the western bank of
the French Broad River, and so near the stream
that in times of high freshets they are overflown
by its waters.

The fountains are three in number, and vary in
temperature from 94° to 104° Fah.

Professor Smith obtaii\pd the following results
from analyzing three quarts of the water : —

Muriate of lime snd nugneels 4 gndns.

Sulphate of magneua .- 6 **

Sulphate of lime. 41-05 "

Insoluble residue 2-05 "

Loss 1 "

2710
Equal to 4-66 grains in a pint.

This water lies lightly upon the stomach, and
is often used by visitors to the extent of three

■" ■■«'*«-'.i-H*»*S(i»*MI|a*i|gi

392

SPRINGS OF NORTH OAROUNA.

quarts, or even more, in the course of the day.
In such doses, it is said to excite active purgation
when first used, hut after a few days it ceases to
have any active effect.

As a bath, these waters have a wide and appro-
priate applicahility. The hath of ninety-four
degrees, will very generally he found safe and
salutary for most persons. ' Those of higher
temperature should be used with caution, and with
a prudent reference to the nature of the disease
and the state of the system at the time of their
use. As stated when treating of the Hot Springs
in Virginia, hot baths are potent and positive
agents ; they are revolutionary remedies, and, to
be used safely and successfully, must be used with
wise discrimination. They are unsuited to per-
sons in ordinary health, and to all acute or
subacute cases, but admirably suited to many
cases of obstinate chronfc diseases, especially to
chronic rheumatism, palsy, and other cases
depending upon obstinate obstructions and loss of
vascular and nervous energy.

An able writer upon baths, adopts the following
decision as to their temperature, which may well
be' made a fixed rule to determine the import of
language, when we speak generally of the tem-
perature of baths : —

•«»?»;

FA.

WABM BPRINOS.

393

9 of the day,
ive purgation
8 it ceases to

e and appro-
f ninety-four
md safe and
30 of higher
tion, and with
)f the disease
time of their
9 Hot Springs
and positive
edies, and, to
; he used with
uited to per-
all acute or
ted to many
especially to
other cases
us and loss of

the following
ich may well
he import of
' of the tem-

1. The cold tath from 88° to 60° Fah.

2. The cool bath " 00° to 70° "

8. The temperate bath " 75° to 85° "

4. The tepid bath " 85° to 92° "

5. The wann bath " 02° to 98° "

6. The hot bath. " 98° to 112° "

He remarks that ''the only upward limit of the
hot hath, is that of tolerance hy the living hody
immersed in it. As it regards the effects, in a
general way, of ihese several kind of haths, we
may speak of them under two divisions, thera-
peutically considered. In the first, from the
warm down to cold, we shall find a calming and
soothing operation continued, with the reduced
temperature of the water, to the most depressing
sedative, — in fact a rediicing- power ; and in the
second, from the upper degrees of warmth, a
stimulating and strongly exciting operation.
What a mischievous error, therefore, is the too
common one of confounding a warm with a hot
hath, and directing the one for the other, as if
they wdre convertihle terms expressing the same
thing, instead of heing in direct contrast with
each other. It may serve to indicate the striking
difference hetween the warm hath and the hot
hath, when I say that the first is a grateful
hygienic agent, which almost every hody can make
use of with henefit, in addition to its employ-
ment ais a therapeutical one in the treatment of
disease ; whereas the hot hath is, or ought to he,

i H

304

BPKI2^0S OF NOHTU CAROUNA.

a remedial agent to be used solely in disease, and
even then with considerable caution and discern-
ment."

Shocco Springs are situated nine miles from
Warrenton, in Warren County. They are a mild
sulphurous saline water. My valued friend, Dr.
Howard, of Warrenton, informs me that they are
** mildly aperient and actively diuretic, producing,
after a few days' use, free bilious evacuations ;
and that they are advantageously employed in the
various diseases for which mild ^ulphur waters
are usually prescribed."

Shocco is improved by a large hotel and com-
fortable cabins, that will pleasantly accommodate
four hundred persons.

Jones' White Sulpdub and Chalybeate Springs
are located about five miles from Shocco, and
eleven from Warrenton ; they are improved for
the accommodation of about three hundred and
fifty visitors, and about that number may be found
there at the height of the season.

The White Sulphur is a mild sulphurous saline
water, and acts favorably in certain hepatic
derangements, jaundice, dyspepsia, etc.

The Chalybeate is a strong ferruginous water ;
the iron is held in solution by carbonic acid.
Dr. Howard considers it an excellent tonic, and
" well suited for all those cases characterized by

» ^>:| i WHi\ * » i< ^|l| j(> y !ti i ^j ^

i j fi ii il iii n iili i

mUmt>iiimiM'y*mmm

NA.

KITTRELL's 8FIUN0S.

89ft

in disease, and
a and discern-

ne miles from
'hey are a mild
led friend, Dr.
e that they are
tic, producing,
i evacuations;
[Dploycd in the
ulphur waters

otel and com-
' accommodate

TBBATK Springs
1 Shocco, and
I improved for
I hundred and
r may he found

}hurou8 saline
rtain hepatic
etc.

ginons water ;
carbonic acid,
ent tonic, and
aracterized by

an enfeebled habit, and especially when the blood
has been deprived of its normal proportion of
iron. It displays marked efficacy in those whoso
blood has been robbed of this important ele-
ment by aalarious fevers; and in chlorosis,
amenorrhooa," etc.

Kittrkll's Springs. — ^Immediately on the rail-
road from Weldon to Raleigh, in the County of
Granville, and half a mile from the village of
Hcaderson, KittrdVa Springs are found. They
have attracted public notice only for the last two
or three years, and as yet there is but little
improvement at the place for the accommodation
of visitors. The water of these springs has
acquired considerable lodal reputation for the cure
of various diseases, and particularly for scrofulous
afifcctions.

Chemical examinations havd ascertained that
the water holds in solution iron, magnesia, lime,
alum, soda and potassa.

These springs are probably destined to acquire
a valuable medicinal reputation, and when
properly improved, to become a place of con-
siderable valetudinary resort.

396

8PRIN0S OF SOUTH CAROLINA.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

SPRINGS OP SOUTH CAROLINA.

0hnn't—W)tfi—8pring$ in AbbmiUe and Laurmu DiHHet, dbe.—
OhieK$—Wmanutown Spring»—Arte$ian WtU in ChartttUm,

Glenn's Springs, in Spartanaburg District, have
considerable notoriety for their medicinal virtues.

Professor Shepard, of Charleston, states that
the waters of these springs are strongly impreg-
nated with sulphur, ajid th>;,t they also contain
traces of sulph. magnesia, with sulphate, per-
carbonate, and chloride of limo.

These springs are much resorted to by the
people of the lower country. Their situation is
t>leasant.. salubrious and healthful, and their
waters are highly efiteemed by many, particularly
in dyspeptic affec.i ns.

In the same district, and a few miles above the
village of Spartansburg, there is a spring which
is somewhat resorted to, and has acquired some
local reputation.

Wkbt's Spring is in the neighborhood of
OUnn'a. It is a chalybeate of good promise.

"^^m^msm

NA.

chick's bprinos.

897

JINA.

rm$ DiiMet, de.—
WtU in ChartMton,

: District, have
icinal virtues.
D, states that
>ngly impreg-
r also coutain
sulphate, per-

ed to hy the
ir situation is
il, and their
r, particularly

les above the
spring which
icquired some

{hborhood
promise.

Chalybeate Springs are found in various parts of
the State, particularly in Abbeville and Laurens
Districts. In Laurens throe or four chalybeate
and sulphur fountains are known, that arise in
the slate and hornblondo formations that exist
between the Ennoree and the Saluda, that are
worthy of public attention.

I am indebted to Professor 8. H. Dickson for
the information, that the springs most visited in
South Carolina, are Chick's Springs, in Greenvillo
District, on the Ennoree River, just below the
mountainu, and Williamatown Springs, between
Anderson and Greenville.

Chick's Springs are two in number. One is
slightly sulphurous, and is used for hepatic and
intestinal affections and cutaneous disorders. The
other is a mild chalybeate, and is employed as a
tonic.

The WiLUAiiSTOWN Speings have never been
analyzed, so far as I know. They are supposed to
be both tonic and alterative.

Charlbston Artesian Well. — The water ob-
tained from this well has acquired some reputation
as a remedial agent. An analysis of this water
shows that one gallon contains nearly the third
of an ounce of solid matter. Half of this is
common salt, and three-quarters of the remainder
84

898

BPRING8 Of SOUTH CAROUNA.

are carbonate of soda. It has also traces of
potash, bromide of magnesia, sulphate of lime,
borate of soda, silica and flourine. It has been
much used in Charleston, and many affirm that it
relieves various derangements of the stomach and
bowels. Professor Dickson informs me that horses
ara extremely fond of it, and Ihat it is believed to
act upon them beneficially, in promoting their
ready fattening, and giving them a smooth and
glossy coat. This water is exported in bottles
and sold in considerable quantities in the North-
ern cities.

j^of ,4 *.-■«„...-

If A.

SPRINOS OF OEOBOIA.

399

tl80 traces of
>hate of limo,
It has been
affirm that it
e stomach and
me that horses
) is believed to
omoting their
% smooth and
ted in bottles
in the North-

CHAPTER XXIX.

SPRINGS OP OEOBOIA.

Indian— Maditon— Warm 8pringt—Gord<m'$—Catooia Bpringt.

The Indian Springs, in the County of Butts,
arc sulphurous waters, and are considerably visited
and much relied upon as remedial agents. They
have beea used with excellent effect in chronic
rheumatism, and for various diseases of the liver
and stomach.

The Madison Springs have long been regarded
as a pure and excellent chciyUate. They are
found in the County of Madison, and are much
visited by those who desire the use of iron tonics.

The Warm Springs are in the County of Merri-
wether. Their temperature is 95°. They have
acquired considerable reputation for the cure of
rheumatism, gout, and other chronic affection/ for
which such waters are commonly employed.

They are all situated in pleasant and salubrious
districts, and so far elevated above the sea-board
as to secure them against malarial influences.

400

SPRINGS OF aEOBOIA.

Professor Eichard D. Arnold, of Savannah, in a
communication to Dr. Bell, thus speaks of this
and the Indian spring waters :

•• You haye chalybeate springs in abundance at
the North, but I doubt very much if any two
springs can anywhere be .found combining such
decided medicinal qualities as the Indian and tbe
Merriioether Warm Springs. They are also of
very easy access from the North. One of our fine
sea steamers would land a patient at our wharves
in sixty hours, from New York, and our railroad
would convey him to within sixteen miles of the
Indian Springs and about fifty of the Warm
Springs. The former would be reached within
four and a-half days of travel from New York,
and the latter within five and a-half days."

(JObdon's Springs, in the County of Murray, and
Bowlahd's Springs, in the County of Cass, are
chcdybeates, and, within the last few years, are
said to be attracting some attention from invalids.

Catoosa Springs are in the County of Catoosa,
in the extreme western part of the State. They
have not been analyzed, but are regarded as a
saline chalybeate. They have been improved for
th« accommodation of several hundred persons,
and are much visited during the watering season.

f 'fif'tf ' ^m tp <]yi ¥i ^m

SPRINOS OF ALABAMA.

401

iavannah, in a
ipeaks of this

abundance at
h if any two
mbining such
ndian and the
f are also of
ne of our fine
t our wharves
1 our railroad
miles of the
' the Warm
ached within
1 New York,
days."

' Murray, and

of Cass, are

w years, are

rom invalids.

y of Catoosa,
State. They
egarded as a
improved for
[red persons,
ering season.

CHAPTER XXX.

SPRINGS OP ALABAMA.

Bladen Springt—BaOey't Springt—TaOaham Springt.

Alabama has several springs of decidedly
marked properties, the most noted of which is

BiiADBN Springs, in the County of Clarke.
These springs are within three miles of the Tom-
beckbee River, eighty-five from Mobile, and seven
from Coflfeeville. The country surrounding them
is broken and hilly, and the "growth of the forest
is pine, hickory, oak, etc., and is well supplied
with wholesome water.

The accommodations at the springs are sufficient
for several hundred visitors.

Six fountains, differing slightly from each other,
issue from the earth within a small compass, fur-
nishing an abundant supply of water.

Professor Brumby, of the University of Ala-
bama, has analyzed the Bladen waters,* and fjQom
a wine pint obtained the following results :

* We are indebted to Dr. Bell's work on Mineral and Thamal
Spring*, for many fitcts in reference to the springs of the extreme
Southern States.
84*

'%^t -'ff;"""v;!'g .i ! 'f|'i

402

6PRIN0S OF ALABAMA.

Sulphuretted hydrogen, quantity not ascertained.

Carbonic acid gas 4-075 cubic inches.

Chloride of sodium 0-9626

Oziaeof iron 00800 "

Sulphate of Ume 00019 "

Crenic acid 0-0913 "

Loss 00400 "

Carbonate of soda 4-1112 "

" of lime 0-8487 "

•♦ of%iagne8ia 0*1700 "

Silica of alumina 0-2681 "

▲pocrenic acid 0-07S0 "

The relatively large amount of carbonate of
ioda, with free carbonic acid, in this spring, classes
it among the acidulous waters.

In various affections of the stomach, bowels and
kidneys, as well as in chronic rheumatism and
diseases of the skin,^ the, Bladen waters would
prove valuable.

Bailey's SpiUNa is in Lauderdale County, nine
miles from Florence, and fourteen from Tuscum-
bia. The water is cool, transparent, and essen-
tially tasteless.

It has been chemically examined by Dr. Curry,
of Knoxville, and is shown to contain sulphuretted
hydrogen, carbonic acid, carbonates of soda and
magnesia, oxide of iron in union with carbonic
acid, carbonate of potash and chloride of sodium.

The composition of this water shows that it
-would prove valuable in the various functional

BppEQ

Gained,
cubic inchet.

SPRIN08 09 MISSISSIPPI.

403

disorders of the abdominal and pelvic organs, in
mercurial diseases, and generally in chronic
affections of the skin, as well as in rheumatism
and gout.

Besides the springs before noticed, the Talla-
HATTA Speings are much visited by persons in that
part of the State. These waters are said to con-
tain sulphur, magnesia, lime, and the salts of
iron.

carbonate of
ipring, classes

b, bowels and
umatism and
waters would

County, nine
Tom Tuscum-
t, and essen-

)y Dr. Curry,
I sulphuretted
i of soda and
irith carbonic
ie of sodium .

hows that it
as functional

CHAPTER XXXI. ^

SPRIKOS OF MIS8IS«IPPL
Ciwjwr'* Wel^Oetan 8pring$.

Cooper's Well is the most noted mineral-
fountain in Mississippi ; it is in the County of
Hinds, twelve miles west of Jackson, and four
from Raymond, the shire town of the county, and
near the Jackson Railroad.

The water rises in an Artesian well, one hundred
and seven feet deep, through solid sandstone rock.
The surrounding country is broken and diversified,
and is thought to be dry and salubrious. The
water of this well is an active saline chalybeate.

^M^&Mkd^^

404 SPRINGS OF MISSISSIPPI.

An analysis of one gallon of the water, by Dr.
J. Lawrence Smith, gives in gaseous contents: —

Oxygen 65 cubic inchee.

Nitrogen ; 4-5 <«

Carbonic acid 4-0 ««

Solid contents : —

Sulphate of soda 11-705 grains.

" of magnesia 28-280 "

" of lime , te-132 "

" of potash ..0-606 "

" of alumina 6.120 "

Chloride of sodium 8-860 "

" of calcium 4-822 "

" of magnesium 8-480 "

Peroxide of iron 8-862 "

Crenate of lime 0-811

Creibte of siUca .,., i-goi "

105-471 "

The deposit obtained by evaporating the water
contains in one hundred and five grains —

W«*ef 88 grains.

Chloride of Ume 2 "

Bulphateof lime 25 "

Peroxide of iron „„ 26 "

This water is said to lose none of its qualities
by being kept from the fountain.

The water of Cooper's Well enjoys a high repu-
tation in dyspepsia and the various intestinal

cooper's well.

405

water, by Dr.
IB contents : —

cubic inches.

1-705

grains.

8-280

2-133

0-606

6.120

8-860

4-822

8-480

8-863

9-811

=»

1-801

S-471

ng the water

ns —

.•88 grains.

its qnalities

a high repu-
18 intestinal

diseases of long standing ; in liver complaints,
chronic inflammation of the bladder, in dropsy,
and especially in chrmic diarrhcea. Its analysis
shows that it is a medicinal agent of very decided

powers.

Dr. Foster's case, as reported by Dr. I. M. Sims,
of Montgomery, Alabama, is very remarkable.
It was a chronic diarrhoea in its worst form,
emaciation extreme, skin dry, eyes sunken, ex^
pression so ghastly as to cause a lady to faint at
sight of him, small dnd feeble pulse, frequent
and copious digestions from the bowels. Dr. P.
commenced by taking a wine glass full of the
water four times during the day, gradually in-
creasing the amount until he drank a pint in the
course of the day. In eight weeks he was cured,
and returned home a well man.

The medical properties of this w«ter are cathartic
or aperient, according to quantity, diuretic, sudori-
fic, tonic and alterative, all of which are possessed
in a high degree. It is adapted to an extensive
range of disease, chiefly chronic. The digestive,
nutritive and secretory functions are brought
directly into action from almost any point of de-
rangement. As an alterative, it is unequaled by
any medicine, either simple or compound, yet in use.
The numerous class of diseases, unmanageable in
the hands of physicians, relieved by this water, re-
commend it entirely to the medical profession.
And both the promptness and certainty of its

i mi i » ii i i '; i wi. ii iiiii|nii- |i| i iii | i t i | iii |i

406 , SPRINOS OF MISSI^IPPI.

action entitle it to the highest consideration of
the invalid. Dyspepsia in all its forms, and at
any stage, chronic diarrhoea, ^ utterly hopeless
under medical treatment, dropsies, and the multi-
tude of affections subjected to alterative and tonic
treatment, are controlled by its agency. The
whole glandular system is powerfully aroused,
including, of course, the biliary secretion. Its
chalybeate properties enrich the blood, imparting
tone and vigor to the system, and the quantity of
carbonic acid gas with which the water is charged
is immediately perceptible from its proper ex-
hilarating influence.

While as a remedy in that scourge of the South,
chronic diarrhoea, this water may be looked to
generally with great hope ; a careful discrimina-
tion is nevertheless necessary in using it in such
caties, for, if the diarrhoea be connected with, or
dependent'upon, a diseased condition of the lungs,
it would* prove positively injurious, and hasten
a fatal tendency.

The OcKAsr Springs are situated in the pine hills
of Jackson County, five miles from the town of
Biloxi, half a mile from Biloxi Bay, and^ near
Fort Bayou.

One gallon of this water has in gaseous con-
tents : —

Carbonic add 4-982 gndna.

Sulphuretted hydrogen 0-481 "

ii..iii(,*«i5i-.-.»ii^' =,"j>it.

OCEAN gPBINOS.

40T

•nsideration of
forms, and at
terly hopeless
and the multt-
itive and tonic
agency. The
fully aroused,
ecretion. Its
od, imparting
he quantity of
iter is charged
tg proper ex-

3 of the South,
he looked to
ul discrimina-
ling it in such
ected with, or
n of the lungs,
s, and hasten

In solid contents : —

Chloride of Bodlum *. ^^O gnbi».

" of calcium 8889

" of magnesiuin^ ^''^SO

Protoxide of iron **'''12

With traeei of iodine, organic matter, chloride of potassium and

alumiii^

Dr. Bell, in quoting Dr.. J. Laurence Smith,
remarks, that the iron is douhtless in comhination
with hoth the sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic
acid gases ; the excess of carbonic acid holding
both these combinations in solution.

Dr. Austin, of New Orleans, in a letter to Dr.
Bell, states that striking cures have been wrought
by these waters in many chronic diseases ; among
them are affections of the skin, scrofula, dyspepsia,
and strumous ophthalmia.

The Ocean Springs are very easy of approach
both from New Ojleans and Mobile, being about
ninety miles distant from both places. ■

1 the pine hills
a. the town of
)ay, and near

t gaseous con-

4-682 gndna.
.0-481 "

408

8PRIN0S 0? ARKANSAS.

CHAPTER XXXII.

8PRIN0S OP ARKANSAS.

The Hot Springs of Arkamsab, commonly known
as the Washita Springs, are among thd most re-
markable thermal fountains in the world.

They are located in Hot Springs County, latitude
84° 6', longitude 16° 1\ about fifty-five miles
southwest from Little Rock. Hot Spring Valley
runs due north and south between the two spurs
of the Ozark Mounlains, through which a bold
creek heads its way over an almost unbroken bed
of (date, emptying into the Ouachita river, about
five miles distant.

Hot Springs Mountain lies on the east of the
valley, from the west side of which gush the Hot
Springs, arising upwards of two hundred feet
from the level of the valley, and from the very
base, and many from the bottom of the creek ; the
valley is a,bout three hundred feet wide, and
eight hundred yards in length. Fifty-four hot
springs have been tested in temperature, whilst
many at the bottom of the creek, and under the
ledges, cannot, except with too great labor.
About 350 gallons of hot water is discharged into

y «g ^ gg . ? * ! C '

HOT tiPRIMOS.

409

monly known
thd most re-
rorld.

untj, latitude
rty-fiye miles
Spring Valley
the two spurs
which a bold
unbroken bed
» river, about

e east of the
gush the Hot
hundred feet
rom the very
he creek ; the
}t wide, and
rifty-four hot
ature, whilst
ad under the
great labor,
■charged into

the creek per minute from said fifty-four springs,
which nflFords the enormous yield of 504,000
gallons in tweuty-four hours. The largest spring
discharges 60 gallons of hot water per minute at
temperature of 148°, and will cook eggs in fifteen
minutes. There is only one hot spring on the
west side of the creek, called the alum, and im-
mediately opposite, on the east side, one of sulphur,
though very slightly impregnated with either.
There are only four cold water springs in the vi-
cinity of the Hot Springs, viz : one Chalybeate 70°
temperature, south end of valley, two Freestone
70° temperature, north end, and one Chalybeate
69°, quarter mile north-east. There are two
wells in the valley about 20 feet deep, 70° tem-
perature. Water boils on the summit of Hot
Spring Mountain at 208°, scant 520 feet elevation
for each degreo, less 212 degrees, gives nearly
2,100 feet above level of the sea. In Hot Springs
Valley water boils at 209°, which makes hot
Springs Mountain 560 feet above the valley.

On the summit of the mountain are heavy pine
and oak timber, abounding with clusters of grape-
vines, huge masses of quartz rock, apparently
upheaved by some convulsion of nature ; imme-
diately below the summit, sharp cornered broken
honey-comb rocks, with sparkling surfaces; still
lower, a heavy undergrowth of pini?s and other
trees, and from thence, where the Hot Springs
flow to the base, calcarious tufa.
8S

■iM'**Wfe*iti.«Wi*"*li'^ 'It iiWiiii 1

410

SPRIKOS or ARKANSAS.

The temperature of thirty of these springs as
measured by Fahrenheit thermometer, is as fol-
lows : —

RECTOR SPRINGS.

1 spring „ 148<»

a " 120»

8 " 128-

4 " , 146»

6 " , 1070

6 " , 188»

7 " chalybeate 146°

8 " mudbath. 140°

9 " , 128°

10 " 148°

Analysis of these Hot Springs, as tested by
David Dale Owen, M. D., Geologist of Arkansas,
and E. P. Cox, yiz : Carbonate of Lime — Silicate
of Magnesia, and a trace of Iron.

BALE'S HOT SPRmOS.

1 spring „ „...,..180°

« " 110*

8 « 148°

4 " 120°

8 " 108°

9 " ' » 148°

7 " Hog apring. 148°

8 • 188°

9 " 148°

10 " .180°

11 Pool of Bethesda or mndbath 110°

winter, 118° spring, and in m<nith '
July ~ 118°

^mmm^^smm^

i»n >j i«W« i' mi i * * W i <v 1 1

HOT SPRINOS.

411

se springs as
iter, is as fol-

M tested by
of Arkansas,
ime — Silicate

i2Bprtog ~ lao"

18 " 180"

14 " .t 100»

IB " Bulphur" 128»

16 " Alum 184"

17 yery mmU '• 1W»

18 used for drinking and called anenic IdtP

19 Next to and Very large IdV

20 Mud bath adjoining.. 124°

It will be perceived tbat these Springs differ in'
temperature from 100° to 148'^ Fah. These results
were arrived at by testing them at three different
hours of the day, viz : between 4 and 6 o'clock
A. M., 12 M., and between 4 and 6 P. M. There
is no perceptible difference in the temperatme
tested at those several periods.

The vapor hatha that have been constructed
here, stand at 112°, the doucke, a spirit bath, at
120°, and the saving bath at 116°, the two latter
varying slightly, from the negligence of the
attendants.

The analysts, by Dr. Owen, of what is termed
the Jiect<yr House WeUf shows it to contain bi-carbo-
nates of lime, magnesia and iron, sub-carbonates of
magnesia, iron and soda, chloride of sodium, and
sulphates of soda and magnesia in small quanti-
ties.

The medicinal effects of this water, internally
used, is slightly aperientf anti-acid, and tonic.

It has been observed by Dr. Owen that all
springs, wells, and water courses of this region of

412

SPRINOS OF ARKANSAS.

country, partake of some mineral impregnation in
a greater or less degree.

A heavy fog continually hangs over these
springs, and upon the sides of the mountains,
giving the neighhorhood the appearance, at a
little distance, of a number of furnaces in active
operation.

The water is, essentially, tasteless, very clear,
pure and transparent, and does not deposit sedi-
ment by standing.

Near the edges of the springs is found luxu-
riously growing a species of green aJgae, which
seems to delight in these natural hot beds, while
the sides of the mountain are covered with
luxuriant vines, continually watered by the con-
densation of the vapor from the springs.

Mr. Featherstonhaugh, in his Geological Beport
of 1835, remarks that th« lofty ridges around
these springs consist of old red sandstone forma-
tion. Upon the eastern ridge are found fragments
of the rock, often ferruginous, with conglomerate
united by ferruginous cement. Upon the side of
this ridge are found travertin, deposited by the
mineral waters, extending the distance of one
hundred and fifty yards, resting upon the old red
sandstone, presenting, sometimes, abrupt escarp-
ments of from fifteen to twenty feet, cv

A number of these hot fountains arise through
the slate formation at the base, of the creek,
numerous others, perhaps upwards of thirty.

"*!»;

is^ws?S5»i?ersr

HOT SPRIMO0.

413

pregnation in

;s over these

mountains,
learance, at a
ices in active

J, very clear,
deposit sodi-

1 found luxu-
aJgcus, which

>t beds, while
covered with
d by the con-
ings.

logical Beport
idgcs around
dstone forma-
md fragments
conglomerate
on the side of
osited by the
itance of one
>n the old red
>brupt escarp-

• cv

arise through

of the creek,

ds of thirty,

which, from their copiousness, are regarded as
the principal springs, arise through the old red
sandstone at different lioights on the side of the
ridge. Springs of fuller force, arising along the
side of the ridge, are very numerous. Some issue
from ihi rock at an altitude of more than one
hundred feet from the base of the creek below.
This immense body of hot water, occupying a
length of near a quarter of a mile along the base
of the mountains and over-pouring into thecAek,
makes the most extensive pool for hot and warm
bathing known to the world. So hot are the
waters in this creek in d^y weather, when its
natural current is reduced, that it is necessary to
go a half or three-quarters of a mile below the
entrance of the hot waters, "before a tempdVature
sufficiently low for bathing can be obtained.

There are other mineral springs in the neigh-
borhood, one seven miles from Hot Springs,
slightly predominating with sulphur. Another in
three miles, sulphur and chalybeate. The chaly-
beate affords water enough to drive a small grist
mill,by conducting the water through a trough.
These springs being convenient to the Hot
Springs, are much resorted to by the invalids, as
it becomes necessary to rest from the laborious use
of and debilitating effects of the hot water.

At the eastern side of the Hot Spring Mountain,
(immediately opposite the hot springs in the
valley,) gushes a magnificent cold chalybeate,
85»

«wa«B?'

414

SPRIKGB 09 ARKAKSiS.

affording about five gallons of water per minute,
overshadowed by a perpendicular cliff of quartz
one hundred and fifty feet high ; temperature 68°;
which modestly commingles its salubrious crys-
tal with the white waters of the dashing Gulpher,
a bold, sparkling creek, leaping from rock to rock,
and foaming in solitary wildness, skirting each
dale and mountain in its hurried meanderings to
the rugged bosom of the rocky Ouachita. This is
a w<Jnderful circumstance, worthy the attention of
philosophers and sages, that out of the same
mountain should issue both hot and cold wafer ;
like unto Esop's S&tjf, who blew hot and cold
out of the same mouth.

On account of the strife existing between several
litigaffts and the General Government for the
ownership of these famous Hot Springs, (which
has been pending for twenty years, and when the
right shall be determined is quite uncertain,) the
present occupants have been cautious, and, conse-
quently, the accommodations for visitors are
neither as extensive or convenient as is desirable.
The present capacity of the different establish-
ments for entertaining company is about six
hundred.

These waters are the best representatives we
have in the Atlantic States of the European waters
of Baden-Baden, Wisbaden, Carlsbad, andTeplitz
in Bohemia.

They are used internally as well as externally,

Pr-

HOT SPRINGS.

415

r per minute,
iiff of quartz
iperature 68°;
ubrious ctjb-
ing Gulpher,
L rock to rock,
kirting each
ianderings to
lita. This is
9 attention of
>f the same
cold wafer;
lot and cold

tween several
ent for the
'ings, (which
nd when the
certain,) the
I, and, conse-
visitors are
is desirable,
at establish-
3 about six

entatives we
opean waters
, and Teplitz

} exfernally,

and possess valuable therapeutic powers. They are
employed externally both as vapor and hot water
baths, by cooling down the water to the desired
temperature. Their powers are greatly praised
by many who have used them in various chronic
affection^, particularly in rheumatism, gout, scrof-
ula, diseases of the sMn, mercurial diseases, and
secondary lues.

I have had a somewhat large professional
observation of patients who had been under the
use of these waters for various chronic affections,
and have, professionally, sent patients there for
the more intractable forms of mercurial rheuma-
tism, and the results of my observations have
been very favorable as to the therapeutic power of
the waters.

The late Judge Watts, thus describes the
common method of using these waters :*

* Mineral and Thermal Springs of the United States and
Canada.

**The principal Spring at Badm-Badm ia the Unijprvng, its
temperature is 154° Fah. Its water contains 184 grains of saline
matter to the gallon, 128 gniaa of which is chloride of sodium.

There are fourteen diiferent springs at Coraitad, of which the
Spnidd is the hottest. Its temperature is 168« Fah. Two of the
other springs are req>ectiTel7 of the temperature of 144o g^^
187° Fah. These waters hold in solution about 8S2 grains of
solid matter to the gallon, condsting of the muriates, sulphates
and carbonates of soda, with minute portions of iodine and iron.

The TepUU 8pring$, (in Bohemia,) range in temperature from
84° to 120° Fah. Their chief ingredient is the carbonate of soda,
in the proportion of about 20 grains to the gallon.

416

SPRINGS OP ARKANSAS.

** The mode of using the waters, most gener-
ally, is by taking a steam bath. For this purpose
a fiinall building, fifteen feet long by five feet
"wide, is erected. One half of it is used for an
ante-room, in which to dress and undress, the
other half is the bath room. The floor of the
bathing room consists of slats, which are two
inches wide and two inches apart, and is placed
over one of these large springs which issue from
the rock. The water throws off the steam, which
rises between the slats. For the first three or
four minutes the body is dry, but afterwards a
profuse perspiration breaks out, which runs from
every pore. The temperature of the steam room is
116° Fab. This occasions no inconvenience, but
for persons who apprehend a congestion of the
vessels of the head, a hole is made through the
roof through which a person can breathe the
external air, the body being immersed in steam.
The patient usually remains thirty or forty
minutes in the bathing room, and, when he comes
out, it is not uncommon for two or three buckets
of cold water to be thrown over him in the dress-
ing room. There is no danger of taking cold if
the most ordinary precaution is used. It is not
unusual to take a steam bath in the forenoon and
tt water bath in the afternoon. The water bath is
frequently taken in a creek, into which all the hot
Springs run." When the water is used for tub
bathing it is allowed to stand for some hours
until it cools to the desired temperature.

j.»«^A.awiB< '4M**ij!

SPBINOS OF FLORIDA.

9, most gener-
)r this purpose
g by five feet
s used for an
I undress, the
e floor of the
hich are two
and is placed
ch issue from
! steam, which
first three or
; afterwards a
ich runs from
) steam room is
ivenience, but
restion of the
} through the
I breathe the
sed in steam.
;rty or forty
irhen he comes
three buckets
I in the dress-
taking cold if
ed. It is not
forenoon and
water bath is
ch all the hot
used for tub
r some hours
ure.

In reference to the common dread of taking
cold from hot baths, Dr. Bull has clearly shown
by physiological reasoning, and experience abun-
dantly verifies the correctness of his positions,
that there is less danger of cold being taken when
the nervous and vascular system is somewhat
excited, than when they are in an opposite condi-
tion.

About three miles from the Hot Springs there
is a chalybeate spring, which is said to be of very
fine quality.

In Mmtgomery County, forty miles from the Hot
Springs, is a spring known as ''Bill Iron's Scdt
Sulphur," which is said to possess highly exhilira-
ting properties, so much so as to produce the
peculiar symptoms of incipt^nt intoxication.

SPRINGS OF PLORTOA.

There are light sulphurous waters in various
parts of Florida, but none have become places of
large visitation. Among these may be mentioned
the Sulphur Spring near Tampa. It arises from a
bed of limestone. The water is remarkably clear
and transparent, and forms a basin at its source
eighteen fiet deep.

There are several springs on the St. John's and
Suwannee rivers, known as the Magnolia, the
Walake, and the Enterprise Springs— all sul-
phurous.

418

SPBINGS OF FLOiUPA.

At the Magnolia, a acmatarium has been estab-
lished for the reception of invalids who may wish
to spend the winter in that climate.

We are told by a writer in the Floridian
Journal, that Florida greatly ahmnda in mineral
waters, and that their solid contents consist
generally of the sulphates of lime, soda and
magnesia, with oxide of iron. Their gaseous con-
tents of sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonic acid and
nitrogen gases. But too little, as yet, is known of
these springs to determine with certainty their
relative or positive merits,

MINERAL SPRINGS OF NEW YORK.

IS been estab-
who may wish

the Fhridian
nda in mineral
itents consist
ne, soda and
r gaseous con-
bonic acid and
it, is known of
jrtaintf theiy

CHAPTER XXXni.

MINERAL SPRINGS OP NEW YORK.

8ar<aoga and BaOgUm Ofoup—Conffnu—Putnum^Paviaion—
Union— High Boek-Iodina—Flat Boek—HamUonr-WtuMng-
tffnr-Empin—At BaOrion—Sani Sowt—Lovfi WOr—Parh
WM—Nea and (M Wa$hington Bpringa—Suiphnr Bpringt—
ClauifieaHon xff Waten—Oeologieal pot^on^ThemaUxaiitm qf
Waten—Analytii qf «ft« variotu 8pring$, dte., die.

Next to Virginia, New York is more distin-
guished for the number and variety of her mineral
springs than any State of the Union. With less
variety in the composition of her waters than
Virginia, she nevertheless possesses some of very
high medicinal character, and that have more
largely attracted public attention than any other
waters in America. I allude, of course, to the
distinguished group known as the Saratoga and
BaUston Springs. This entire group possejsses
essentially the same properties and virtues ; the
difference between the several springs consisting
merely in the proportions of their relative gaseous
and saline contents. *

The famous series of springs at Saratoga, cora-
prise the several springs known as Congiesa,

-sie-'

420

MINERAL SPRINOS OF KBW YORK.

Putmtm, Pavillion, Union, High Sock, Iodine, Flat
Bock, Hamilton, Columbian, Washington and Em-
pire.

Of late years public preference seems to have
concentrated on the Congress Spring, Although
the water of this fountain contains, in an essential
degree, the ingredients found in all the other
springs composing the group, the distinguished
preference given to it over the others, is probably
owing as much to accidental circumstances and the
caprice of fashion, as to any well considered medi-
cinal superiority over its neighboring compeers.

The village of Ballston Spa lies about seven
miles south-west from Saratoga. The large resort
to this place, on account of its mineral springs,
make it, like Saratoga, a place of considerable
notoriety.

The mineral springs of BaUston, comprise the
Sans Souci, Low's Park, the New and the Old
Washington Springs, and the Stdphur Spring.

The waters of Ballston, with the exception of
the Sulphur Spring, evidently belong to the same
class with those of the Saratoga group. And
although they do not contain quite so large a pro-
portion of saline qualities as some of the Sara-
toga fountains, they are, nevertheless, entitled to
rank high among the acidulous chalybeate waters
of our country. •

In classifying the Saratoga and Ballston springs,
we may well regard them as acidido-saline or car-

WJMiiillW

ORK.

h, Iodine, Flat
ngton and Em-

t
seems to have

ng. Although

in an essential

all the other

I distinguished

)TS, is probably

stances and the

msidered medi-

Qg compeers.

es about seven

rhe large resort

ineral springs,

)f considerable

SARAToaA AND BALL8I0N.

4S1

, comprise
y and the

the
Old
!tr Spring.
be exception of
ng to the same
k group. And
so large a pro-
e of the Sara-
ess, entitled to
Eilybeate waters

Eillston springs,
lo-scdine or car-

bonated saline waters.
carbonic acid gas, and

Their

large amount of
carbonates, with their

heavy impregnation with chloride of sodium,
distinctly assign them to this class.

This extensive group of mineral fountains, we
are told by Dr. Steel,* "are found along the
southern termination of the secondary, and in the
immediate vicinity of the transit' : formation.
They are scattered along a lino ' ining nearly .
east and west for a distance of about twenty miles.
At Ballston Spa there are a number of these
springs, some of which make their appearance at
the surface through alluvial deposits of plastic
clay, or marl and sand, while others haye been
obtained by boring to a considerable depth in the
transition slate which here forms the basis on
which rests the alluvial deposit. Between this
place and the village of Saratoga there are several
of these fountains of less note, situated both in
transition and secondary formations. At Saratoga
they are more numerous and diversified in their
sensible qualities than at any other place. They
discover themselves in great numbers for the dis-
tance of more than a mile along the valley, in
marl, which rests on secondary limestone. They
occur again in the south-east part of the old town
of Saratoga, at a place called the Quaker Springs.

♦Analysis of the mineral waters of Saratoga and Ballston.
86

iMwyii|.|[Hi»«iMtt)||iigAiiHj|!-' ■" ~.

. wm m u ' ^ 'mm^ ^ 'H ^ '! -

422

BUNERAL SPBINQS OF NBW YORK.

The rock formation at this place is transition
slate."

Professor Mather regards these springs as being
on, or near the junction of limestone with a talcy
slate, and that they are adjacent to faults in the
strata, or where the strata are greatly deranged
in position. ^11 these springs are slightly thermal
when compared with the temperature of the earth
from which they arise. Professor M. thinks it
probable that similar springs may be found along
the great line of disturbance in other parts of
New York, as well as in Vermont and Massachu-
setts. The great Apalachian chain of geological
upheaving;^, extending almost through the centre
of Virginia, and furnishing such an extensive series
of thermal and medicated waters, is probably on
the same or a parallel axis with that which gives
the famous waters of Saratoga and Ballston.

The fact that the various springs of Saratoga
and Ballston, hold in solution essentially the
same ingredients, and differ from each other only
in the quantity of ingredients common to all, goes
to show that they derive their distinctive qualities
from one common source ; but are modified to
some extent in their passage to the surface of tbe
earth by the peculiar character of the different
strata through which they have passed.
"If," says Dr. Bell,* "we admit the correct-

* Mineral and Thermal waters of the United States and Canada

'ORK.

SARATOGA AND BALUTON.

423

I is transition

rings as being
16 with a talcy
> faults in the
atly deranged
ghtly thermal
re of the earth

M. thinks it
>e found along
tther parts of
nd Massachu-
i of geological
igh the centre
Etensive series
9 probably on
t which gives
allston.
;s of Saratoga
sentially the
ch other only
•n to all, goes
tive qualities

modified to
lurface of the
the difierent
5d.

the correct-
itea and Canada

nesB of Dr. Daubeny's observation, that the tern-,
pcrature of the water of the Congress spring at
Saratoga, 61^ Fah., is three or four degrees above
the mean temperature of the earth at this place,
we ct n give credence to the opinion of the thermal
origin of the water, and of the mode of extrication
of the /carbonic acid so largely found ; it being
brought about by subterranean heat acting on
limestone rocks. The first process would consist
of the junction of carbonic acid coming through
the clefts and small canals, with the meteoric water
which had reached its greatest depth, and was
beginning to rise in larger canals. The second
process would be the decomposition and solution
of portions of certain rocks, and the formation of
acidulous springs, rich in carbonic acid and carbon-
ates. The same heat which would drive off car-
bonic acid from limestone, would readily raise the
temperature of the meteoric water which finds its
way into the interior of the earth, and we should
then have thermal,— warm and hot springs.
Reasoning in this way, we can easily adopt the
views of those who maintain that carbonated and
thermal springs are similar in their mineral, and
still more in their geological position, and seem
to be plainly referable to the same system of
causes."

Admitting the correctness of the supposition that
subterranean heat may b^ sufficient to eliminate
carbonic acid froi?ilim9sto»e,and8otoheat meteoric

424

MINERAL 8PRIN0S OF KKW TOBK.

water in the bowels of the earth as to return it to
the surface in the form of hot and warm springs ; a
question for the curious still remains to be mooted.
Is this subterranean heat volcanic, and conse-
quently local, or is it from the great "central
heat " of the earth, contended for by Mr. Daubeny
and others? Many geological appearances in the
regions in which we find thermal waters, not to
mention the extensive upheavings and displace-
ment of strata generally found in the neighbor-
hood of such springs, lend some countenance to
the volcanic origin of si^ch waters. On the other
hand, the theory of the central heat-of the earth,
which alleges that the earth's heat increases about
one degree for every hundred feet we descend in it,
while it has been occasionally sustained by deep
artesian borings, has on the other hand been so
often refuted by such borings, that it seems unsafe,
in the absence of more conclusive proof, to adopt
it as a fixed and well determined fact.

CONGRESS SPRING.

The following is the analysis of the Congress
water, as made by Dr. Steel :r-

He states that the temperature of the water is
50°. Dr. Daubeny marks it at 51° Tah.

Both its temperature and quantity is said to be
the same at all seasons.

ORK.

SARATOGA AND BAUiJTOX.

415

to return it to
rtn springs ; a
3 to be mooted.
c, and conse-
reat "central
• Mr. Daubeny
arances in the
waters, not to

and displacc-

the neighbor-
;ountenance to

On tbe other
b«of the earth,
ncreases about
descend in it,
ined by deep
hand been so

seems unsafe,
roof, to adopt
t.

the Congress

the water is
P'ah.
is said to be

One gallon of the water yields : —

Chloride of sodhun 8850

Hydriodote of soda 8'5

Carbonate of soda ^

Bi-Carbonate of soda 8-«8a

Carbonate of magnesia.

Bi-Carbonate of magnesia 06'788

Carbonate of lime 98008

Carbonate of iron " 8"075

Bilica 1-8

Hydrobromate of potassa* ...... ..>«. a trace.

607-948

Gaseous contents : —

* •

Carbonic acid < 811 cubic inclies.

Atmospheric air i.... .. 7 "

818 "

Dr. Chilton's examinations of this water, as
given by Dr. North, differs somewhat from the
above. He found a minute portion of alum,
sulphate of soda, iodide of sodium, and bromide
of potassium, to the amount of 6'920 grains to
the gallon of water. According to his estimates
the solid and gaseous contents of the water, in one
gallon, is as follows :—

Solid contents 548998 grains.

Carbonic acid 284-65, atmospheric air 541 -=20006 cubic inches.

Iodine was first discovered in these waters in
1828, and was announced in the American Journal
86*

426

MINERAL 8PRIN08 OF NEW YORK.

of Sclonco in 1829. In 1830, Mr. A. A. Hoyn
detected bromine and potash in the water. The
quantity of these ingredients is, however, very
small, and to detect them with certainty it is
necessary to operate on a large quantity.

PuTNUM Sprino.— This spring, bearing the
name of its proprietor, is regarded as the richest
chalybeate in the Saratoga group. It is reported
as containing 7 grains of the carbonate of iron to
the gallon, in addition to the salts common to it
and the other springs. This, comparatively, is a
heavy chalybeate impregnation. The famous
Pyrment Spring, in. Westphalia, that enjoys, per-
haps, the largest European reputation as an iron
tonic, contains, agreeably to the analysis of M.
Westrum, but 8^ grains of iron to the gallon ;
while the celebrated PowJtow, at Spa, in Belgium,
little if any less distinguished as a chalybeate
tonic, contains but 5-24 of iron to the gallon,
according to the analysis of the celebrated Berg-
mann.

Paviltjon Spring.— The saline contents of the
water of this Spring is less than the Congress,
being 311-71 grains in the gallon. It, however,
exceeds the latter in the proportion of its carbonic
acid, of which it has 359*05 cubic inches to the
gallon. This Spring is near the Columbian Hotel,
and not far from the centre of the town.

• ■ ■ ■ I

Union Spring.— By Dr. Chilton's analysis, the

OBIt.

. A. At Hayn
J water. The
however, very
ertainty it in
itity.

bearing the
as the richest
It is reported
late of iron to
common to it
aratively, is a

The famous
at enjoys, per-
on as an iron
nalysis of M.
) the gallon ;
i, in Belgium,

a chalybeate
the gallon,
[ebrated Bcrg-

jntents of the
the Congress,
It, however,
of its carbonic
inches to the
umbian Hotel,
)wn.

analysis, the

SA^ATOOA ATXD BALLSTON.

4Vt

water of this spring is sJiown to contain 392l)0T
grains of solid contents in the gallon. Its amount
of carbonic acid is somewhat lees than is found in
the Pavillion, being 344-16 cubic inches in the
gallon of water. This spring is in the eastern
part of the town, and not far from the road leading
to Schuylerville.

Hiou Rock.— This Spring, with its conical en-
closure of calcareous tu/a, evidently the deposit of
its own waters, deserves to be regarded among the
interesting curiosities of our country The ven-
erable Dr. Seaman remarks, in refer, nco to it,
that if it "had been upon the bonfers of tho
Lago d'Agnano, the noted (7ro«o del Caui, which
burthens almost every book which treats upon th«
carbonic acid gas since the peculiar properties .i"
that air have been known, would never have been
heard of beyond the environs of Naples, while
this fountain, in its place, would have been -
servedly celebrated in story, and spread » pon
canvass, to the admiration of the world, as one of
its greatest curiosities."

This unique paramedial structure is composed
of the carbonate of lime and magnesia, with the
oxide of iron, and a portion of sand and ( -av.
• When broken, it is said to exhibit the impression
of leaves and twigs ot trees. Its circumference
at its base is about 26 feet, and perpendicular
height four feet." From the top of the rock to

u M i fct flfc r n^i Wi ii u i»>i m M»i rt

W-'.;-;c4.1i^-S>''

428

MINERAL SPRIKQS OF NEW YORK.

the surface of the water, two feet ; depth of water
ia the cavity of the rock about seven and a*half
feet. The hole at the top of the rock through
which the water is dipped is circular, and measures
about ten inches across.

As earl)' as 1767, this spring was visited by Mr.
Wm. Johnson, who used its waters with benefit
for gout, and from this period it came rapidly
into the notice and regard of the colonists. In
the year 1784 and 1785 some accommodations
were constructed for invalids, and about this
period, the springs known as Flat Rock, the Presi-
dent, and Red Spring, first attracted attention.

Dr. Steel, to whose ** Analysis " I am indebted
for this history, remarks, that " thfe extravagant
stories told by the first settlers of the astonishing
effects of the " High Rock " waters, in the cure
of almost every sjiecies of disease, are still remem-
bered, and repeated by their too credulous de-
scendants. This, in connection with the singular
and mysterious character of the rock, continued
to attach an importance to the waters, in the eyes
of the vulgar, to which no other fountain will
ever attain."

The temperature of the High Rock water is 48°.
Its specific gravity, 1006'85, when the barometer
stood at 29'05 inches — pure water being 1000.
Analysis shows that it contains 346'68 grains of
solid ingredients, and 309 cubic ibches of gaseous

roRK.

SARATOGA AND BALLSTON.

429

depth of water

ven and a*half

rock through

, and measures

visited hy Mr.
s with benefit
came rapidly
colonists. In
icommodations
id about this
ack, the Presi-
ted attention.

I am indebted
b extravagant
le astonishing
s, in the cure
e still remein-
credulous de-
1 the singular
ck, continued
8, in the eyes
fountain will

: water is 48°.
he barometer
being 1000.
•68 grains of
>es of gaseous

contents, to the^ gallon of water. Each gallon
holds in solution 5*58 grains of carbonate of
iron.

The Iodine, or as it is sometimes called Walton
Spring^ contains, according to the examinations of
Professor Emmons, 3*5 of hydriodcte of soda to the
gallon of water. Its saline ingredients do not differ
essentially from the neighboring fountains. Its
chalybeate impregnation is somewhat greater than
the water of the Congress Spring, but less than
that of tho Putnum, Union, Pavillion, and
others.

Its temperature is rendered at 47° Fahrenheit.

The Flat Bock, Hamilton, Columbian, and
Washington Springs, of which Dr. Steel gives the
analysis, very nearly resemble each other, and
those already described, in their general saline
and gaseous character. The Flai Bock contains
5*39 grains of the carbonate of iron to the gallon ;
the Hamilton 5-39,. the Gdumhian 5*58, and the
Washington 3*26.

Empire SpRiNa. — ^This fountain is now attract-
ing considerable attention. The relatively larger
portion of iodine, and smaller portions of iron
and earthy salts, contained in this water, in com-
parison with its neighboring springs, suggests to
the medical mind a preference for it in the treat-
ment of several formidable qhrouic affections.

S'%6>2a;4^>..

iniiii'njijiiir'iiiiiiiip

m il iiiiMii mt i j ii

430

IQNBRAL SPRINOS OF NEW YORK.

The following is Professor Emiqons' analysis of
one gallon of the water : —

Chloride of sodium 269*696

BiKiarbonate of lime 141-824

Bi-carbonate of magnesia 41-084

Bi-carbonate of soda-. 80*848

Hydriodate of soda or iodine .'. 12*000

Bi-carbonate of iron a trace.

406*853
Specific gravity 1089.

BALLSTON SPRINGS.

The village of Ballston is situated seven miles
southwest from Saratoga. It derives its name
from the Rev. Eliphalet Ball, who, with a number
of his congregation, settled near the site of the
village at the time the springs were first dis-
covered.

The mineral springs are situated in a deep
marshy valley, through which passes a branch of
the Kayaderosseras Creek. They were discovered
in 1769.

Of the springs composing the Ballston group
of acidulous chalybeate waters, the following may
be mentioned — ^the Sana Souci, Park, Low's WeU,
the United Stadea, and Fulton Chalyheate. Dr.
Steel remarks that these waters evidently belong
to' the same class with those at Saratoga ; and if
they do not contain so large a portion of the saline
properties as some of the fountains at the latter

rORK.

ns' analysis of

141-824

41084

80-848

12-000

a trace.

406-8S3

id seven miles
ives its name
with a number
he site of the
vere first dis-
ked in a deep
es a branch of
rere discovered

)allston group
following may
*, Low's WeU,
•alybeate. Dr.
dently belong
'atoga; and if
>n of the saline
at the latter

barAtooa and ballston.

481

place, vriixch is vory manifest, both from the taste
and the effects, t'.iey are, unquestionably, entitled
to rank among the best acidulous chalybeate waters
which this or any other country affords.

In addition to the acidulous saline chalybeate
waters of Ballston Spa, there are several sulphur-
ous springs in the neighborhood, not regarded
however, as very strong, which probably owe
their peculiar character to the decomposition of
the sulphuret of iron which abounds in the argil-
laceous slate formation common to this region.

Sana Soud Spring contains, by analysis, in one
gallon of its water : —

Chloride of sodium 148-788 grains.

Bi-carbonate of soda. .■ 12-66

Bi-cirbonate of magnesia. .'. 89-01

Carbonate of lime 48-407

Carbon-:e of iron 6'95

Hydriodate of soda 1"3

SUei • !•

247-15

The waters of Low's Wed are regarded as being
almost identical with those of the Sans Souci.

In the waters of the Park WeU, Dr. Steel
demonstrated the existence of 6^ grains of the
carbonate of iron in a gallon of the water ; a
somewhat larger quantity than is found in any of
the other fountains.'

The United States Spring, according to Dr.

MINERAL SPRIKOS OF NEW TORK.

Beck's analysis, contains in one pint of the
water : —

Chloride of sodium 58*12 grains.

Carbonate of soda 2-11 "

Carbonate of magnesia 0*72 "

Carbonate of lime with a liitle oxide of iron. 8*65 "

Sulphate of soda. 022 "

Silica 100 "

60.82
Carbonic acid, 80*50.
Temperature, 50° P., which does not vary through the year.

It will be seen by comparing the analysis of this
Avith the Congress Spring, that the latter contains
a much larger amount, both of solid and gaseous
contents, than the former.

TORK.

s pint of the

SABATOQA WATERS— IMPROPER USES.

433

....58-12 grains.
.... 211 "
.... 0-72 "
m. 8-65 "
.... 0-22 "
.... 100 "

60.82
through the year.

analysis of this
i latter contains
id and gaseous

CHAPTER XXXIV.

NEW YORK MINERAL WATERS CONTINUED.

Improper Utea o/ Hhe Saratoga Water$ and ita MeiU—Injuriout
Advice arul Errors of Opinion at to the Nature and Ute of
Mineral Water»—Di»eam for which the Saratoga Wateri may
be Prescribed— Albany Artesian Mineral WeU^Bee^a Mineral
Spring— HaOecK a Spring, dx., de.

It is well remarked hy Dr. Steel, long the resi-
dent physician at Saratoga,* that "these waters
are so -generally used, and their effects so seldom
injurious,, particularly to persons in health, that
almost every one who has ever drank of them,
assumes the prerogative of directing their use to
others; and, were these directions always the
result of experience and ohservation, they cer-
tainly would he less ohjectionahle ; hut there are
numerous persons that flock ahout the springs
during the drinking season, without any know-
ledge of the composition of the waters, and little
or none of their effects, who continue to dispose of
their directions to the ignorant and unwary, with
no other effect than to injure the reputation of the
water and destroy the prospects of the diseased.

•Analysis of the Mhieral Waters of Saratoga and Ballston.
87

434 NEW YORK MINERAL WATERS CONTINUED.

" Many persons who resort to the springs for the
restoration of health, seem to he governed hy the
idea that they are to recover in proportion to the
amount they drink ; and, although many who are
in health may, and freqoiently do, swallow down
enormous amounts of the watei with apparent
impunity, it does not follow that those whose
stomachs are enfeebled by disease can take the same
quantity with the same eflfect. Stomachs of this
description frequently reject large portions of the
water, and thereby protect the system from the
disastixas consequences that would otherwise
follow. But when it happens to be retained, the
result is indeed distressing. The pulse becomes
quick and feeble, the extremities cold, the head
painful and dizzy, the bowels swollen and tender,
and the whole train of nervous aflfections alarm-
ingly increased ; and should the unfortunate suf-
ferer survive the eflfects of 'his imprudence, it is
only to a renewal of his worst apprehensions, from
a loss of confidence in what he most probably con-
sidered a last resort."

'The above sensible remarks of a gentleman
long accustomed to prescribing mineral waters,
and entirely familiar with their potent influences
for good when properly used, or for evil, when
improperly employed, commend themselves with
great f .xe . to invalids generally, who resort to
mineral fountains for relief.

The injury done to invalids at mineral springs

IMH

)irriNUBD.

springs for the
)verned by the
portion to the
many who are
swallow down
nrith apparent
; those whose
I take the same
tmaohs of this
ortions of the
item from the
lid otherwise
retained, the
pulse becomes
cold, the head
m and tender,
ctions alarm-
ifortnnate suf-
prudence, it is
liensions, from
probably con-

a gentleman
neral waters,
ent influences
or evil, when
em selves with
ivho resort to

ineral springs

BABATOOA WATERS— IBIPROPEB U8KS.

by hasty and well-intentioned, but ignorant and
injudicious advice, both as to the applicabilities
of the waters, and the method of using them by
persons they may chance to meet, can scarcely
bo overrated. Various instances have occurred of
invalids being speedily destroyed by improperly
using mineral waters, under the injudicious
advice of ignorant and officious persons, and stiU
more frequently have diseases been aggravated and
confirmed through such reprehensible officious-
ness, that might have been cured under sensible
and judicious instructions. Besides the idea that
is often spontaneously in the mind of the invalid
that it is " only water " he is drinking, and that
it can do no harm if it does no good, is simply an
imposition on his own good sense, and upon the
feeblest powers of ratiocination. These impres-
sions upon the mind, vague though they may be,
are nevertheless, occasionally sufficiently strong
to control the action. Such views are most apt
to Qnd a lodgment in the minds of those who
have decided to altogether repudiate medicine,
commonly so called, and to seek their lost health
by the use of mineral waters, not remembering
that mineral waters are medicines, and could be
of no service if they were not. Under the false
impression of their non-medicinal nature, such
persons will often take into their stomachs in the
form of draught after draught of sulphur waters,
mere medicinal material in one day, than a judi-

436 NEW YORK MINERAL WATERS CONTINUED.

cious physician would give them in pill or potion,
in an entire week.

It was such persistent ahuse of mineral waters
on the Continent, that induced Henry IV of France
to decree a royal edict, that no person should
enter upon the use of a mineral water in his
dominion, until his case had been professionally
examined, and the suitableness and manner of
using the water prescribed.

When Americans shall have acquired more
prudence upon this subject, and learned to inquire
more carefully into the adaptedness of mineral
waters to their diseases, before committing them-
selves to their use, far more good will be derived
by the invalid ; our mineral waters will be appre-
ciated, and their character better established in
public confidence.

DISEASES FOR WHICH THE SAKATOGA WATERS
MAY BE PRESCRIBED.

In reference to the proper manner of using the
Saratoga waters, as well as to the diseases for
which they may be prescribed, I shall confine my
remarks to a few general obaervaiions having refer-
ence to the usual proper use of such agents,
knowing that particular directions for the indi-
vidual case can be most prudently and safely given
to the patient by experienced practitioners resident
at the springs; and after such careful personal
investigation of the case, and with such discrim-

iii

DISEASES— GENERAL OBSBRVAnONS.

437

>NTII(rCBD.

pill or potion,

mineral waters
y IV of France
person should
water in his
professionally
ad manner of

acquired more
'ned to inquire
>S8 of mineral
mitting them-
rill be derived
will be appre-
established in

OGA WATERS

r of using the
e diseases for
Al confine my
having refer-
such agents,
for the indi-
d safely given
oners resident
eful personal
such discrim-

inating views of its pathology as personal exam,
ination can alone, in most cases, satisfactorily
determine.

The entire group of the Saratoga and Ballston
waters may properly be regarded, as I have boforo
stated, as distinctly belonging to the saline acidu-
lous class, with chalybeate salts so prominent in
some of them as to modify, in an important
degree, their influence upon the animal economy.
Their prominent therapeutic effects are those of
active aperient and diuretic action.

A numerous class of visitors at Mineral Springs
are those who are rather threatened with, than
actually laboring under a distinctly located disease.
As prominent in this class of visitors, we find
those who suffer under a preternatural fullness of
the blood vessels, and especidlly of the veins, with
a tendency to congestion in some of the large
internal organs, with a sense of fullness or heavi-
ness in the abdominal regions. This condition is
often occasioned from slow and imperfect digestion,
and, consequently, by too long retention of food
in the stomach, from local and general accumula-
tions in the large intestines, and not uncommonly
from an engorged liver, or spleen, with a sluggish
circulation, and sometimes a throbbing sensation
in the portal system. This morbid state of the
system is made to bear different names as one or
another organ seems to be more especially affected.
The morbid tendencies of this condition are
87*

■^> i I ' .

438 NEW YORK MINBRAL WATERS CONTINUED.

very nuuiorouB. Even in its incipiency it is prono,
from hygonio or morbid causes to run into ob-
stinate congestions, irritations, or actual inflam-
mations. Sometimes it results in cephalic or
pectoral accumulations, giving occasion for apo-
plexy, asthma, &c., &c. In other cases, the
system seems to make a violent external eflfort
to relieve its internal oppressions through an
acute attack of rheumatism, or gout ; or By erup-
tions upon the surface, carbuncles, boils, or
erysipelatous inflammations. The most common
winding up of this general plethoric condition is
a confirmed dyspepsia, attended with faulty and
irregular secretions from the liver, ultimately
giving rise to intestinal or thoracic neuralgia.

Space Avill not allow mo to trace out the various
and multiform disorders and disorganizations,
that may, and often do result from the venous
plethora and abdominal accumulations alluded
to ; nor is this, perhaps, the proper place to do
BO. I remark, however, that, in the condition of
the system alluded to, and especially in its early
stages, the Saratoga waters, and of choice, the
more purgative of them, affords a remedy entitled
to gruat confidence, and, generally, speedily bene-
ficial in its effects.

In such cases they should be so used as to pro-
duce copious evacuations from the bowels for two
or three weeks. The more purgative waters,
such as the Congress Spring, being taken early in

ONTINCED.

DIBBASES— OBNEKAL OBSERVATIONS.

439

ncy it is prono,

run into ob-
actual inflam-

in cephalic or
lasion for apo-
her cases, the
external effort
s through an
t ; or By erup-
iles, boils, or
most common
ic condition is
ith faulty and
er, ultimately

1 neuralgia,
jut the various
^organizations,
)m the venous
ations alluded
er place to do
le condition of
lly in its early
of choice, the
emedy entitled

speedily bene-

iised as to pro-
bowels for two
gative waters,
taken early in

the morning to produce this effect, the patient
may, with advantage, use small quantities of some
of the more ferruginated waters in the evening,
such as the Putnam, or High Rock Spring.

In recent attacks of biliary affections, unat-
tended with fever or general excitement, the
Congress waters have proved very beneficial. In
such cases. Dr. Steel, long a resident physician
at the springs, says he was in the habit of giving
a few grains of calomel or blue pill at night, and
following it in the morning with a sufficient
quantity of water to move the bowels briskly two
or three times. A few doses of this description
usually puts the bowels in a situation to be more
easily acted upon by the water alone. In the
more advanced stage of Mlious affections, says Dr.
Steel, " where the organization of the liver
and other viscera have materially suffered, and
the disposition to general hydrops, indicated
by the enlargement of the extremities, fullness of
the abdomen, &c., the waters are, all of them,
manifestly injurious, and ought not to be admitted,
even as an adjunctive remedy."

In the various dyspeptic depravities these waters,
have long maintained a high and well deserved
reputation. The Congress Spring is most gen-
erally used for these affections. It is best taken
in the morning for such cases, about an hour
before breakfast, in sufficient quantity to move
the bowels gently once or twice. For this pur-

440 NEW YORK UINk

■V^XIIJfl OONTINURD.

poBO, from two to four Oi- >..<? tumblers full, taken
at inter'rals of ten or fifteen minv'js apart, will
generally be sufficient.

In calculous or nephritic complaints, these waters
have been long employed with great advantage,
and well attested instances are given of their
effecting complete cures in such cases. The
water, in such diseases, should be so drunk as to
keep the bowels gently open and to keep up an
increased secretion from the kidneys. In such
cases, the use of the warm bath is an important
auxiliary. Its temperature should be about 100°
Fah., and the patient remain iu it from thirty to
sixty minutes.

In chronic rheumatism, Dr. Steel assorts that the
waters have been long employed with advantage.
In such cases, he gives preference to the Congress
Spring.

For anthritis or gout, the waters are regarded as
an uncertain remedy. In the early or forming
stages of the disorder they may prove beneficial,
but when the disease has become confirmed, and
is of long continuance, the effects of the water are
doubtful, and cases have occurred where their use
'induced a recurrence of the paroxysm.

In ill conditioned ulcers and cutaneotis eruptions,
as well as in the enfeebled condition of the system
following a protracted mercurial course, the use of
the waters has proved very beneficial.

Scrofula i» another disease in which the Sara-

ONXINUTiD.

Icrs full, tdkcii
t us apart, will

!», these waters
cat advantage,
given of their
b cases. The
10 drunk as to
to keep up an
nuys. In such

an important
ho ahout 100°

from thirty to

assorts that the
ith advantage.

the Congress

ire regarded as
ly or forming
'ovo beneficial,
cpnfirmed, and
f the water are
vhere their use
sm.
\eoua eruptions,

1 of the system
urae, the use of
ial.

hich the Sara-

DISEASBS— OENEUAL OBSERVATIONS.

441

toga waters-have been often used, and Dr. Hteol
remarks, that " experience abundantly sanctions
the belief of their utility in that complaint."

The large proportion of iodine which Professor
Emmons detects in the Empire Spring, seems
clearly to indicate a preference for that fountain
in the treatment of this class of affections.

In dropsical affections the Saratoga waters should
only be prescribed under caroiul discrimination.
When the disease depends upon long continued
organic derangement, they will prove injurious.
On the other hand, when the aftection is recent,
and dependent upon the want of sufficient action
in the absorbent vessels, they will be beneficial,
and their use in such coses will probably result iu
removing the morbid accumulations.

Paralysis, under the active purgative operation
of the waters, is sometimes benefited.

Chlorosis and other complaints peculiar to
females, are often treated by these woters with
good success. In such cases, the waters in which
the tonic properties most abound are to be pre-
ferred, and much advantage will generally be
derived by frequent bathing, and pleasurable
exercise unconnected with exhaustion or fatigue.-

In phthisical complaints that arise from a primary
affection of the lungs, the Saratoga waters are
injurious, and ought not to be used. But in con-
gestions of the bronchial surfaces, as well as in
translated or sympatheti(iaffections from abdomi-

■WWIL '' "' ' ■ ' "" *

' « i r ; ijl » ,i '

i.H. ll . i Nl i lWllJf

442 NEW TORE MINERAL WATERS CONTINUED.

nal origin making a lodgment in tha chest, and
unattended with any general strumous tendency,
the waters of the Empire Spring might, probably,
be safely and advantageoiisly employed.

Albant Artesian Mineral Wells.— Messrs. Boyd
and McOulIock, in boring for pure water to supply
their brewery, struck at the depth of four hundred
and eighty feet, a saline water abounding in the
carbonates and carbonic acid, and emitting at the
same time carburetted hydrogen or burning gas.
On continuing the boring to the depth of six
hundred feet the flow of the carbonated water and
gas continued. Another boring was effected to
the same depth, a few rods from the first, with the
same results and the singular addition of the
escape of sulphuretted hydrogen gas from a small
stream of water that was struck at thirty feet
below the surface. From this. Dr. Beck con-
cludes, that " in the same slate formation, though
at different depths, sulphuretted hydrogen, car-
buretted hydrogen, and carbonic acid gases, are
abundantly evolved." The same writer thinks it
probable that carbonated waters might be found
•by boring at anv point on the range from Saratoga
to Albany.

The temperature of the water of the Albany
well is 51° to 62° Fah. Its specific gravity
1 00900.

r j w '

30NTINUBD.

thft chest, and
tnous tendency,
light, probably,
loyed.

,— Messrs. Boyd
water to supply
of four hundred
ounding in the
emitting at the
r burning gas.
6 depth of six
lated water and
was effected to
le first, with the
addition of the
;as from a small
[ at thirty feet
Dr. Beck con-
mation, though
hydrogen, car-
acid gases, are
writer thinks it
aight be found
e from Saratoga

of the Albany
ipecific gravity

reed/s and halleck's springs. 443

Dr. Beck's analysis of one pint of water, shows
the following results : —

Chlorido of sodium 6900 grains:

Carbonate of soda 600 "

Carbonate of lime „... 400 "

Carborate of magnesia 1*60 "

Carbonate of iron, witli a little silica I'OO "

Chloride of calciimi 0-60 "

71-00 "
Gaseous contents, 28 cubic inches.

Reed's Mineral Spring. — In Washington County
is an acidulous spring, not very dissimilar from
the waters of Saratoga, but containing less gas,
and consequently less sparkling. Its taste is
somewhat acidulous.

Halleck's Spring, in Oneida tHounty, and near
the village of Hampton, was discovered by boring
to iu^ depth of one hundred and six feet into a
solid rock.

Professor Noyes analyzed this water, and
obtained from one pint the following results : —

Chloride of sodium 78-00 grains.

Chloride of calcium 1800 "

Chloride of magnesia 4-00 "

Sulphate of lime 600 "

100-C3 ",

This spring is said to evolve carburetted or
burning ^as in considerable quantities, with a

-*jaiar

-f"*^

■WP^

444

NEW YORK SULPHUR SPBINGS.

sjnall proportion of carbonic acid. It would seem
from the composition of its waters to belong to
tbe class of weak brine or salt springs.

Near Catskill, in Green County, and in Renssael-
lear County, a mile from the village of Sandlake,
strong chalybeate springs are found.

Other springs of the same character are found
in Delaware, Duchess, and Columbia Counties.

CHAPTER XXXV.

NEW YORK SULPHUR SPRmOS.

Sharron Spr%ng»—Awn Springa.

Waters to some extent impregnated with
sulphur exist in almost every great section of the
State of New York ; but few of these springs,
however, have been extensively improved for
public use, or are so strongly charged with gas
and rich in solid medicinal materials, as to make
them objects of more than local interest. There
are, however, several strong exceptions to this
general remark, and especially the waters of the

UM*

4i/,.. -...-.-,.

NOS.

It would seem
s to belong to
ngs.

ind in Benssael-
;e of Sandlake,

cter are found
}ia Countie?.

NEW YORK SULPHUR SPRINGS.

446

Rmas.

tngs.

iregnated with
kt section of the
these springs,
improved for
arged with gas
ials, as to make
nlerest. There
^options to this
e waters of the

Sharron and Avon Springs, which have acquired
quite an extended reputation.

As is found to be the case in Virginia, thq
sulphur springs of New York are generally on, or
not very remote, from the lines of fracture or dis-
turbance in the strata of the earth from subterra-
nean causes. The Sharron, is said to be the
strongest exception to this general law of their
location.

Mr. Hall, who made a geological survey of a
portion of this State, remarks that springs which
issue from different classes of rock, are marked by
a general character and aspect which indicate
their relative geological positions. ".In the strata
of the Niagara group, the water has usually a dark
appearance in the spring, though it is limpid and
differs essentially from the waters of the salt
group, while in higher rocks it is not only less
copioufj, but it is often marked by a black and red
deposit, as well as sometimes a whitish stain upon
the rock or at the bottom of the spring." These
springs, however widely separated, have been
observed to have a temperature somewhat above
the common springs of their neighborhood. The
same fact has been observed in reference to the
sulphurous springs so abundantly found in Vir-
ginia, goin;; to show a common cause for the
general thermalization of such waters.

446

NEW YORK SULPHDB SPRIKOS.

SHARRON SPRINGS.

These springs are in the County of Schoharie,
«nd near the village of Leesville. Accoiding to
Dr. Beck, they arise from pyrituous slates, under-
lying strata of Helderberg limestone.

The two springs most noted, are called "White
Stdphur and "Magnesia."

The White Sulphur has been analyzed by Dr.
J. E, Chilton, of the city of New' Yark, who
obtained the following results from one pint of
the water : —

Sulphate of magnesia 265 gitiins.

Sulphate of lime 6-98 "

Chloride of sodium > 0"14 "

Chloride of magnesium , 0.15 "

Hydro-Sulphuret of sodium ) q. ^ ■ „

Hydro-Sulphuret cf calcium )

1006
Bnlpharetted hydrogen gas one cubic inch.

Dr. Beck remarks, "that Sulphate of lime in
small fresh perfect chrystals, is found near the
springs in considerable abundance."

Dr. Bell, remarks after quoting the analysis
given above, that the " solid contents of a
gallon of this water,* as determined by the same
chemist are 160*94 grains, and the amount of
sulphuretted hydrogen gas 16 inches. The results

* Mineral and Thermal Springs.

ras.

• of Schoharie,
Accoi'ding to
I slates, under-
e.
c&llei" White

alyzed by Dr.
w Yark, who
n one pint of

...2-65gi-aiiis.
...608 "
...014 "
...0.15 "

...014 "

1006

ate of lime in
bund near the

I the analysis
contents of a
sd by the same
he amount of
8. The results

SB-

• SHAEKON SPRINGS. 447

as reported by Dr. North, are at variance with
the preceding table of reduction to a pint made
by Dr. Beck, still from Dr. Chilton's analysis."

The Magnesia Spring, according to the analysis
of Professor Keed, of New York, contains the
following ingredients in one gallon of water :—

Bi-Carbonate of magnesia 805 grains.

Sulphate otmagnesia 227 ''^

Sulphate of lime • 76"

Hydro-Sulphates of magnesia and lime 05 ''^

Chloride of sodium and magnesium • 80

133-7
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas 3-3 inches.

In looking to the relative character of the
Sharron waters, we find them most to resemble
the Avon Springs of New York, and the White
Sulphur Springs of Virginia, and in a general way
they will be found adapted to the same class
of diseases for which the latter waters are bene-
ficially used.

The hotel accommodations for visitors at Sharron
are represented as extensive and agreeable, with
pleasant promenades through well shaded wood
lands contiguous to tho spring, and the eiijoyment
of extensive and inteves ling views of the surround-
ing country.

Travellers to Sharron either from the north,
east, or south, should mako Albany a point where

448

NEW YORK SULPHUR SPRINGS.

they take the Binghampton Hailroad to Palantine
Bridge, and thence by stage coaches over the
mountains to the springs

AVON SPRINGS.

These Springs are- situated in the western part
of the State, on the eastern branch of the Genesee
Biver, and near the village of Avon. They are
about eighteen miles from the city of Efchester,
and twenty-four from Canandiagua! They are
connected with Bochestsr by a daily line of stage
coaches. The Genesee Valley canal boats, also
land passengers within nine or ten miles of the
springs, whenoo they are conveyed in coaches to
their destination.

The Indians of that region, it is said, knew of,
and appreciated these springs as "medicine water,"
many yeare ago. The first recorded use of them
hy the white settlers, was in 1T92, when they
were successfully used for a cutaneous affection.
In 1795 we hear of their curing rheumatism of long
standing, that had resisted successfully the skill
of intelligent physicians. The accommodations
at and near the springs, are very good, and suffi-
ciently extensive for a large number of visitors.
These consist of three hotels near the springs, and
two at the village of Avon, from which a connec-
tion is kept up with the springs by omnibusses.

There were but two springs known at. Avon
until the year 1835, and these were designated as
the IJ^^fer and Lower Springs. About that time,

fOS.

AVON SPRINGS.

449

.d to Palantine
ches over the

western part
of the Genesee
on. They are

of Rochester,
la! They are
y line of stage
al boats, also

1 miles of the
in coaches to

said, knew of,
sdicine water,"
!d use of them
2, when they
oous affection,
oiatismof long
fully the skill
jcommodations
ood, and suffi-
»er of visitors,
e springs, and
hich a connec-
omnibusses.
town at. Avon
designated as
out that time,

a new one was discovered, which is known as the
New Bath Spring. This new fountain is said to
be thirty feet deep, the water in it rising through
a calciferous slate.

An analysis of one pint of the water of this
spring yields the following results : —

Carbonate of lime 8-37 grains.

Sulpliate of lime 044 "

Sulphate of magnesia I'Ol "

Sulphate of soda 484 "

Chloride of sodium 071 "

10-87
Sulphuretted hydrogen 8-91 cubic inches.
Temperature of the water 50° Fah., specific gravity 1-00356.

The Upper, or as it is now called the Middle
Spring, is about one hundred, and fifty yards from
the one just described. Its temperature is 51°
Fahrenheit.

An analysis of one pint of the water, according
to the investigations of Professor Hadley, shows
the following results : —

Carbonate of lime I'OO grains.

Sulphate of lime 1050 "

Sulphate of magnesia 1"25 "

Sulphate of soda 2-00 «

Chloride of sodium a'30 "

Sulphuretted hydrogen 1300 "

Carbonic acid 5-60 "

17-60

88*

450

NEW YORK SDLPHtTR SPRINGS.

The New Spring, Dr. Salsbury slates, was
formerly a large pool some fifty feet in diameter,
and served as a bathing place for the early in-
habitants. It has been more prized as a curative
agent than the others, and is more largely resorted
to.

In one pint of this water Dr. J. B. Chilton
found: —

Carbonate of Ume i...8'58 grains.

Chloride of calcium „ 108 "

Sulphate of lime k 717 "

Sulphate of magnesia 6*21 "

Sulphate of soda 171 "

19-72
Of gaseous contents : —

Sulphate hydrogen ^..m 1-82 "

' Carbonic acid > 0-50 "

Nitrogen 067 "

And and a minute flraction of Atmospheric air.

This is a uniform, and very bold spring, dis-
obarging at every season of the year about fifty-
four gallons a minute. Its temperature is 45° to
47° Fah., and its specific gravity 1-0018. Its
taste, while decidedly sulphurous, is slightly
bitter and saline.

It will be observed that this water contains less
■ttlphuretted hydrogen, and more solid contents,
especially of the purging salts, than the Upper
or Middle Spring.

NGS.

AVON SPRINGS.

461

ry states, was
set in diameter,
>r the early in-
ed as a curative
largely resorted

J. B. Chilton

1-83 "

0-50 "

0-67 "

[sair.

)ld spring, dis-
ear ahout fifty-
rature is 45° to
ty 1-0018. Its
IS, is slightly

ter contains less

solid contents,

than the Upper

In addition to the springs enumerated, there
are three others, called Iodine, or Sylvan Springs,
ahout two miles from the Lower Spring. In these
the chloride of sodium strongly predominates, and
hence their saltish taste. One of them has hut a
slight sulphurous impregnation, and somewhat
resemhles in taste the Congress water after its gas
has escaped. We have an analysis of one of these
springs which shows it to contain iodide of sodium,
with heavy impregnations of the chlorides of
sodium and magnesium, and tiie sulphate of lime.

In one gallon of the water of this spring. Dr.
J. R. Chilton found the following ingredients :

Chloride of magnesium 62400 grains

" ofBOdium .» 97-440

Sulphate of lime '. 80436 "

Carbonate of magnesia 15-074 "

" of lime 26-800 "

Vegetable matter -240 "

Iodide of sodium.

• 296-240

Sulphuretted hydrogen 20-684 cubic inches.

Carbonic acid 4-993

25-676

COMPOSITION AND MEDICINAL EMPIiOYMENT
OP THE AVON WATERS.

It will be perceived that the analysis of the
four Avon springs show a difference in the com-

NEW YORK BULPnUR SPRINQS.

ponent parts of their solid contents not unworthy
of the notice of the invalid, or the physician in
prescribing their use. While the New Bath
Spring shows only about '30 grains to the gallon, of
the several preparations of sulphate, carbonate
and chloride of lime, the Iodine or Sylvian Spring
exhibits upwards of 120 grains of the same
materials to the gallon ; the Lower Spring has
about S4, and the Upper about 92 grains in the
same quantity of water. In the more important
articles of sulphate of magnesia and sulphate of
soda, the difference is not quite so great, but still
enough to be worthy of note. While the Middle
or Upper Spring shows of these last mentioned
materials, about 26 grains to the gallon, the Lower
has 63, and the New Bath Spring 46 grains. The
Iodine or Sylvian is eatirely destitute of the
sulphate of soda, and shows but 13 grains to the
gallon of the sulphate of magnesia.

In comparing the waters of these springs with
the waters of the White Sulphur, in Virginia, it
will be observed that the former contains an appre-
ciable larger quantity of lime than the Virginia
springs, and that their sulphate of soda and sul-
phate of magnesia, is somewhat in excess of the
Virginia waters. The chloride of sodium, ex-
isting so largely in the Iodine or Sylvian Spring,
and to an appreciable extent, in the Lower and
New Spring, is discovered only in the very
minute portion of about half a grain to the gallon
in the Virginia White Sulphur.

MSMi

(TOS.

B not unworthy
10 physician in
he New Bath
the gallon, of
ate, carbonate
Sylvian Spring
of the same
ver Spring has
grains in the
lore important
nd sulphate of
great, but still
bile the Middle
last mentioned
lion, the Xotrer
5 grains. The
stitute of the
{ grains to the

e springs with
in Virginia, it
itains an appre-
n the Virginia
: soda and sul-
i excess of the
if sodium, ex-
(ylvian Spring,
!;he Lower and
in the very
in to the gallon

AVON WATERS — MEDICINAL EMPLOYMENT. 453

There are several articles, probably not of great
value in the amount in which they exist, that are
not cominon to these great Northern and Southern
waters. The Virginia White Sulphur, contains
the proto-sulphate of iron and the sulphate of
alumina, and, especially, an azotixed organic
matter blended with a large proportion of sulphur.
These are not found in the Avon waters. To the
action of this axotized organic matter, as found in
the White Sulphur, Professor Hays attributes
much of the medicinal activity of that Avater, and
experiments have clearly shown. +hat it rapidly
generates sulphuretted hydrogi on freed from

the water and ^lightly heated, ami that it is the
cause of the secondary formation of hydro-
sulphuric acid in the stomach when the water has
been drunk entirely deprived of its gas.* But
while these differences exist between the New
York and Virginia waters, they are, nevertheless,
sufficiently alike in their composition and general
character to adapt them to the same general class
of diseases, and having in my treatise on the White
Sulphur fully, noticed the therapeutical character
and adaptations of that water, and at considerable
length detailed the diseases and states of the system
in which it may, or may not be, employed, I deem
it unnecessary to enlarge much upon the applica-
bilities of such waters in this place.

* See Chapter VI, on the-Belative Influence of the Gaseous
and Saline Contents of the "White Sulphur Water.

^l ^^^ ;>*•r «^ <l^g |>^^| W ^l ^l ^^ W ^^ f ^^ »^l » * - ^ i lU WH 'ft " I k ' •

454

NEW YORK SULPHUR SPRINQS.

Many peculiar operative effects of these waters,
as noticed by Dr. Salsbury in his valuable little
vrork on the Avon Springs, are ntrikingly the
same that I noticed in this Snd the early editions
of my work as distinguishing the operations of
the White Sulphur waters. Among the most
striking > f these are the facts noticed by Dr. 8.
of the similarity of the action of these waters and
that of calomel ; and, that they sometimes pro-
duce copious salivation. As is the case with the
White Sulphur, the most valuable effects of the
Avon waters are found in their alterative or
changing effects, and these effects are best promoted
by using it in such doses as do not much incre .so
the natural evacuations of the body. Like the
White Sulphur, the quantity of sulphuretted
hydrogen gas which the Avon waters contain, is
too large for its kindly effects in many ^ases, and
hence Dr. S. remarks, that after it has been
heated, and therefore deprived of a portion of its
gas, it becomes more aperient, and that it may be
used in this way " when the inflammatory diathe-
a'lB prevails to such an extent as to resist its
beneficial and successful administration in its
natural state." The proper graduation of the
amount of sulphuretted hydrogen gas to the wants
and ability of the system to bear it, especially in
commencing the use of the water, is a practical
matter of great importance in the use of such
waters, and one to which I have directed a

b JUiMtlufttfio'MtK'. -'»-^-

PRINQS.

8 of those waters,
lis valuable little
re Htrikingly the
the early editions
the operations of
Among the most
Doticed by Dr. S.
f these waters and
>y sometimes pro-
bhe case with the
ible effects of the
leir alterative or
I are best prom(^ted
not much incre .so
I body. Like the
of sulphuretted
waters contain, is
I many ^nses, and
kfter it has been
>f a portion of its
nd that it may be
lammatory diathe-
b as to resist its
inistration in its
graduation of the
gas to the wants
\t it, especially in
ter, is a practical
the use of such
have directed a

rs.

'^S^!^

^^.^«

ii«*.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0 m

■luu

- 6"

Fhotograpbc

Sdences
Corporalion

23 WIST MAIN STRHT

W1BSTW,N.Y. 145t0

(716)173-4303

-m^^^m.

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHIVI/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

* ♦.

AVON WAIBBS — MEDICINAL EMPLOYMENT. 456

careful attention for many years.* In adminis-
tering the White Sulphur water I produce the
same effect, by allowing the water to stand in an
open vessel for several hours before it is used,
that Dr. Salsbury does by having it heated before
it is drunk. From four to seven half-pint glasses
of this water, taken during the twenty-four hours,
will generally produce a slight cathartic effect,
and sometimes purge briskly. Two or three
tumblers full may advantageously be taken before
breakfast,, one or two before dinner, and one or
two in the afternoon, or before going to bed at
night. No particular dose, or times of adminis-
tration, can be positively prescribed, however, as
applicable to all cases. Its administration must
be regulated by the indications of each, and regard
must be had to age, sex, constitution, disease,
individual peculiarity, and especially to nervous
susceptibility. It is, however, most prudent
and wise for the invalid before he commences
the use of this, or any other potent mineral
water, to obtain the advice of a competent physi-
cijyi, whose practical familiarity with the use of
the waters in question, qualifies him to advise as
to its adaptation to the ^ase, and the proper
manner of using it. In the absence of such
advice, mistakes, even fatal mistakes, are some-
times made.

* See Cbapter YI, on the Belative Virtues of the OaseooB and
Saline Contents of the Wtiite Sulphur Water, &c.

^t^

ii^M«*Mi«|aW^imP

456 N. Y. SULPHUR AND ACIDULOUS SPRINaS.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

NEW YORK SULPHUR AND ACIDULOUS SPRINGS.

Oltftffn 8pring»—MavMu» Bpringa—OhUtenango 8pring»—Mea-
fina Sulphur Springs — MdtiUus Springs — Auburn Springs —
Ohappiqua Springs— Bdrrowgafe Spring— Spring at Troy—
NeuHmrg Spring — Springs in DuMiess and Columbia Counties—
CatsMU Spring — NanUeoke Spring — Dryden Spring— Rochester
Spring — Springs in Monroe Courdy : Gates, Mendon and
Ogden — Verona Spring — SaquoU Spring — Springs in Niagara
County— Seneca or Deer Lick Spring— Oak Orchard Add
Springs— Arid Spring at CUfton, do.

In addition to the two principal sulphurous
springs of Sharron and Avon already noticed,
there are numerous others of less puhlic notoriety.
The first of these I shall mention is —

CuFTON Speings. — They are situated in the
County of Ontario, hetween Vienna and Canan-
daigua. In importance they should, probably,
rank next to Sharron and Avon. The odor and
taste of these waters are distinctly sulphurous.
Their temperature is 51° Fah. These waters. Dr.
Beck asserts, have their origin in hydraulic lime-
stone, underlying a strata of common limestone.
There are here several springs, one of which is
very bold and yields a large amount of water.

IfaMM

atgHumiimlmkm

iiiiiiiiiiriiminifiiiilirrinrilirMiiif 'i1iriliii%tittiiriftttlli|(||(ii(|^

SPRINGS.

CBirTENANGO AND MESSINA SPRINOS.

457

LOUS SPRIKGS.

sw^o 8pring»—Ma-
-Auburn Springs —
-Spring at Troy-
Columbia CaunHet—
n Spring— Boeheiter
atet, Mendon and
Springs in Niagara
kik Orchard Add

)al sulphurous
Lready noticed,
ttblic notoriety,
is —

tuated in the
la and Oanan-
»uld, probably,
The odor and
ily sulphurous,
lese waters, Dr.
hydraulic lime-
mon limestone,
ne of which is
ount of water.

No analysis of these waters has been given to the
public that I am aware of.

Chittenanoo Springs are in the County of
Madison, near Chittenango Creek. Two springs
here have attracted attention ; their temperature
is 49° Fah. They have been ascertained- to con-
tain the sulphates and carbonates of lime, sul-
phate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, with
sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid gases.
Dr. Beck remarks that these waters are highly
esteemed in many cases of disease, and their
location being very eligible, he expresses the
opinion that when they are better known they
will be much resorted to.

Mbssina Sulphur Springs— Are situated three
miles northeast of Syracuse and one mile from
the Erie Canal. The temperature of their water
is* 50° Fah., and its taste strongly sulphurous.
It is said to have been used with good e£Qpcts in
many cases.

An analysis of the water shows it to contain, in
one pint: —

Carbonate of lime 1'86 grains.

Sulpliate of lime 855 "

Sulphate of magneria • 1-86 "

Chloride of calcium 1-88 "

1800

••WMpM**

458 N. Y. SULPHUR AND ACIDULOUS BPBINOS.

■

Manlius Springs— Are found in Onandaga
County. They are slightly saline in taste, and
are impregnated but in slight degree with sul-
phuretted hydrogen gas. They have acquired
some local reputation as a remedial agent.

In the neighborhood of these springs there is a
small sulphurous lake, known by the name of
Lake Sodom. We are told by Dr. Beck that the
depth of this lake gradually increases from its
northern outlet from twenty-five to one hundred
and sixty-eight feet, and that water drawn from
this depth is found to be highly impregnated with
sulphuretted hydrogen. The color of the water in
this lake is a deep green, from which it is some-
times called Oreen Pond.

Auburn Springs. — ^There are two springs that
bear this name, separated several miles from each
other. One of these is situated two miles north
of the village of Auburn ; the other four miles
west fif the same village. An analysis of the
latter spring, by Dr. Chilton, shows the following
ingredients in one pint of the water : —

Sulphate of lime 1500 gralna.

Sulpbate of magnesia 8*20 "

Ohloride of magnesiom..... 0*25 "

Cliloride of sodium , 0-76 "

iTio "
Sulphuretted hydrogen, 1*5 cubic inches.

ItiUlii mfiiii iii'<rtii'i

[ I lIHiilliMiaililBte

I SPBINOS.

in Onandaga
I in taste, and
gree with sul-
bave acquired

agent.

ings there is a
Y the name of
Beck that the
reases from its
one hundred
er drawn from
pregnated with

of the water in
ich it is some-

ro springs that
miles from each
NO miles north
ther four miles
analysis o^ the
vs the following
er:^ —

15-00 grains.

820 "

0-25 "

0-76 "

wio "

CHAPPIQUA — HABBOWOATE— NBWBURQ.

459

In the Valley of the Hudson, Dr. Beck mentions
numerous sulphurous springs. They are found
from the neighborhood of Sing Sing to Fort
Miller, a distance of one hundred and fifty miles.

The Chappiqua Spring is four miles from Sing
Sing. It holds in solution sulphate of lime,
chloride of calcium, and the muriate of iron and
magnesia.

Habrowoatb Spring is near Greenbush, in Rens-
saellaer County.

There is also a sulphurous spring in the north-
ern end of the City of Troy, in Rensaellaer
County.

There are several sulphur springs in the
County of Albany, one of them very near the
City of Albany.

The Nbwburg Spring, slightly impregnated with
sulphuretted hydrogen, is ia the County of
Orange.

In Dutchess and Columbia Counties there are
several springs. The most noted one in Dutchess
is near Ameniaville. In Columbia there is one on
♦he farm of Mr. McNaughton, between the Shaker
Village and Lebanon Springs, and another near
the village of Kinderhook.

460 N. T. BDLPHUa AMD ACIDULOUS SPBINOS.

The Catskill Sprino is two miles from the
village of Catskill, in the County of Qreen.
There are several others in the same neighbor-
hood.

In the southwestern part of the State, we find
the Nanticoke Spring, in the County of Broome.
It has acquired considerable reputation. Dryden
Springs MQ in the town of Dryden, in Thompkins
County, ten miles from Ithaca. They have acquired
reputation in their region of country, and are
considerably resorted to.

BooHBSTER SPBnra, otherwise known as Long-
muir'a Sulphur WeU, in the City of Rochester, is
much used by the inhabitants of the City. It rises
through a boring of two hundred feet in depth. It
. deposits, when heated to 100^ Fah., carbonate of
lime kind sulphur. Its temperature at the surface
is usually 52° Fah., and its specific gravity,
1 '00407. One pint of the water contains : —

Carbonate of Ume and aiagnesia, ylth a trace of irop...l'48 graiitB.

Chloride of sodium 6-63 "

Sulphate of wda «-99 "

Sulphuretted hydrogen 3*16 caUc inches.
Carbonic acid in small quantity.

14-M

In the County of Monroe are the Sulphureous
Springs of 0(Uea, Mendon and Ogden, at all of
which there are suitable bathing arrangements,
and proper accommodations for visitors.

^1'1ffili*MtflilrriMiTiaiWtiigi:iri

SSy

INOS.

1 from the

of Qreen.

QeigUbor-

^te, vre find
of Broome.
1. Dry den
Ihompkins
ve acquired
Yf aod are

a as Jjong-
jchester, is
ij. It rises
L depth. It
arbonate of
the surface
Ic gravity,
ins: —

a...l'48 grains.

6-63 "

... .«-9» "

tulphureoas
I, at all of
angements,

VBRONA BPftlNM.

461

Verona Spring is in Oneida County, fourteen
miles from Utica. Professor Noye's analysis of
the water of this spring, shows that one pint
contains : —

Chloride of calcium with chloride of magneBium.. 880 gr»Jn»
Sulphate of lime.. "^'^

Chloride of sodium.

..9000
10600

Sulphuretted hydrogen is veiy abundant in the water, amount-
ing alm<»t to complete saturation.

About nine miles from tJtica are the Saguoit
Springs. Their waters are very highly impreg-
nated with carburetted hydrogen, and contains m
considerable quantities the chlorides of sodium
and magnesium, with a small portion of the sul-
phate of lime, and a trace of iron. So abundant
is the carburetted hydrogen in the water, that it
is collected, conducted through tubes, and kept
constantly burning.

In Niagara County, there are several Sulphur
Springs ; among them may be mentioned those
near the Falls of Niagara, those near Lockport,
and also those in the neighborhood of Lewistown.
The Seneca, or Dter Lick Springs, are in Erie
County, four miles from Buflfalo. They hold in
solution carbonate of litit. soida and magnesia,
with sulphate of lime. Taey abound richly m
sulphuretted hydrogen %

462

ACID SPBINOS Of NBW YORK.

Wo are told that Sulphurous Springs are also
found in the northern part of New York, in Lewis,
Clinton and St. Laurence Counties.

ACID SPRINGS OP NEW YORK.

In addition to the acidulo-saline and sulphurous
waters already described, there are in New York
several aciduhtu springs. The acid quality of
these waters is owing to their holding in solution
an excess of sulphuric acid, which is readily
detected both by their taste and by chemical
reagents.

These waters are found to be so largely im-
pregnated with iron in the form of a proto-sulphate,
and with sulphate of aUnmina, as to entitle them
to be called Chalybeates or Alum waters, with as
much propriety as they are called adduloua.
Similar springs in Virginia, are uniformly known
by the namie of Alum Springs.

Acidulated aluminous springs, partaking of
the same general character of the Acid Springs of
Now York, which we are about to consider, are
found in every neighborhood in certain geological
districts in Virginia, and especially on the eastern
and western slopes of the Alleghany chain of
mountains, through the entire district there
known as the great "Spring Region."

Fountains of the same general character are
found in Pennsylvania, and also in the eastern

.llft l -'l-ir-tf-f-^-' ' •"' '"'"''^'" -■«V»''iiT"iw.««- > r1*i«*"» ^«*--

OAK ORCHARD SPRINOS.

463

rings are also
ork, in Lewis,

)BK.

,nd sulphurous
I in Now York
jid quality of
ing in solution
ich is readily
I by chemical

BO largely im-
proto-sulphate,
to entitle them
raters, with as
lied acidulous.
liformly known

y partaking of
\cid Springs of

consider, are
rtain geological
f on the eastern
;hany chain of

district there
on.

1 character are
) in the eastern

portion of Tennessee, and will probably be dis-
covered along the entire course of the great
Apalachian upheavings, or axis of disturbance
from the extreme north to the alluvial plains of
the Gulf of Mexico.

The principal springs of this class in New York,
are the Oak Orchard Springs. They are eight in
number. Their situatipn is in Genesee County,
eighfc miles southeast from Lockport, and about
six miles from the Erie canal, at the village of
Medina. These waters have been analyzed by
Professor Emmons and Dr. Chilton.

Professor Emmons' examinations of Spring No.
1, shows that one pint of the water contains the
following ingredients : —

, Free sulphuric add 81-60 gnini.

Sulphate of protoxide of iron 1060 "

Sulphate of Ihne 460 "

Sulphate of magnesia 2*00 "

Silica 0-88 "

Organic matter 1-88 "

6916
Equal to 478.28 grains to the gallon.

Spring No. 2 was found to contain but 24*25
grains of free acid and solid ingredients to the
pint, and No. 3 but 1933.

Dr. Chilton by an analysis of one gallon of the
water of Spring No. 1, arrives at results strikingly

KHJilli><t<^'

mflflni'mtiKt

mmt!

464 ACID SPRINOfl 0» KKW IfOBK.

different from thoBO of Professor Emmons. His
researches shows one gallon to contoin :

Free .ulphurtc Held "'S*^)"

Sulphate of lltno 8»JJ| „

PhoBpbatooflron 1*»* ,,

. Sulphate of Blumlnii ^^ ,,

Sulphate of magnesia »"^ ^^

Silica JJ* „

Organic extractive matter Q"^

16016
Squal to about 20 grains to the pint.

The difference in the amount of these vroters in
the several fountains during wet and dry tseather
is always noticeable, and in some instances is very
remarkable. Generally, they are surface springs,
the waters obtaining their peculiar impregnations
by percolating through the peculiar argillite slate
in which they are found. Whatever difficulties
there may be in accounting for the peculiar
impregnations of some mineral waters, there are
none in reference to this class, for portions of the
Blaty rock through which the waters percolate,
when immersed in common water, produce the
very same impregnations that are found in the
water in the pools in which it is collected for use.
Many persons in the South use at -their homes the
Virginia alum waters prepared in thisjpro re nata
way from the rock obtained from the various alum
fountains.

" ■■■■'■ I '"

• Mineral and Thermal Springs of the United States and Canada.

mtmm

iiiililMIHI

l M Hi ^<

OAK ORCHARD SPRINOS.

itnonfi. Hii

i: *

f)a 00 gfftlnB

3900 "

1483 "

008 "

8-28 "

104 "

828 "

6016

ese vratcrs in
1 dry iweather
tances is very
rface springs,
tnpregnations
argillite slate
er difficulties

the peculiar
ers, there are
ortions of the
ers percolate,
, produce the

found in the
lected for use.
leir homes the
his pro re nata
3 various alum

States and Canada.

Taking Dr. Chilton's analysis as the standard,
the Oak Orchard Springs more resemble the Rock-
bridge alum waters in Virginia, than any others
to which they can be compared. Theresemblance
is only striking in this, however, that they both
contain free sulphuric acid, alumina and iron in
marked i)roportions ; the sulphuric acid, lime,
iron and magnesia in the New York springs
being greater than in the Virginia waters, while
the alumina and silica are moro than fifty per
cent greater in the latter. In addition to these
ingredients, common to both waters, the Rock-
bridge luring contains chlorate of sodium, crenate
of ammonia and free carbonic acid, ingredients
not found in the Oak Orchard Springs.

As therapeutic agents, this class of waters are
tonic and astringent. In enfeebled condition of the
digestive and uterine functions — in cases of pure
atony or feeUenesa unaccompanied by inflammation,
or irritation in any of the organs — in exhaustion
from previous disease, where the chief complaint
is debility — and in cases of anoemia or poverty of
the blood, when unconnected with obstinate vis-
ceral obstructions, they are safely and beneficially
prescribed. In passive hemorrhages, long con-
tinued intermittents and dropsical efi'usions,
unattended with organic obstructions — in leucor-
rhooaand chlorosis, they arc often beneficial. In
chronic diarrhoea, as well as in chronic irritations
and debility of the kidneys, bladder and urethra,

468

ACID SPRINGS OP NEW YORK.

they are usefully employed. The Virginiajaters
of this class have proven eminently remedial m
scrofula ; indeed, no remedy is now attracting so
much attention for this formidahle disease, lu the
southern country, as the alum waters. Upon this
particular suhject, as well as for a more general
notice of the therapeutiq range of such waters, I
refer the reader to what has hcen said under the
head of the Bockbridge Alum Springs.

Dr. 8. P. White* thinks favorably of the Oak
Orchard Spring waters in some of the cutaneous
diseases, and in the colliquative sweats of hectic
fever. He regards it worthy of a trial m the
phosphatlo diathesis, in cholica pictonum and
asthma, and also in chronic laryngitis, pharyin-
getis and chronic conjunctivetis.

Dr. White recommends that this water he taken
in "about a wine glass full, diluted with simple
water, three times a day." This dose is much
smaller than I have been accustomed to recommend
in the use of similar waters. The practice found
most beneficial with the Virginia waters of the
same general character, is to use from two to six
half-pint glasses in the course of the twenty-four

hours.

At Clifton Springs, twelve miles from Geneva,
there is an acid spring. I have not seen an
analysis of it. ' . ^

•Paper read before the New York Academy of Medicine in
December, 1848. Vuie Mineral and Thermal ^prtngt tf Umted
Staitti, Ae.

^^^^l)lj^iiii0iftmimi mtiiimt < ' mnu , | i i ,ir,,^i i ^Mi^i|M(Mi'!i»wiMt'iiwiM'i* ' 'i«toiu »i wi i a^

BTRON 8PWNQ3.

467

■ginia waters
remedial in
ittracting so
Lsease, iu the
. Upon this
more general
uch ■waters, I
id under the

y of the Oak
he cutaneous
ats of hectic
trial in the
tictonum and
itis, pharyin-

mter he taken
i with simple
dose is much
to recommend
practice found
waters of the
•om two to six
lie twenty-four

from Geneva,
not seen an

Byron Acid or Sour Springs are the pames given
to two acidulous springs in the town of Byron,
Genesee County. One of these springs is near the
Byron Hotel, and is remarkahle for the great
quantity of acid contained in its waters. It is a
stream of considerahle holdness, so much so as to
he sufficient to operate a grist mill.

Dr Beck descrihes this water as intensely sour,
transparent and colorless, and of the specific
gravity of 1-11304 at 60° Fah. Its saline matter,
which is small, consists of silica and alumina,
with small quantity of oxide of iron and lime. Dr.
Beck remarks that " this is a nearly pure, though
dilute sulphuric acid, and not a solution of acid
salts as has heen supposed, for the hases are m too
minute a proportion to warrant the latter opinion.

Lebanon Spring helongs to the thermal class of
waters. It is in the County of Columhia. The
hathing here is very delightful, the temperature
of the water heiug constantly Ti° Fahrenheit. Its
min&ral impregnation is scarcely noticeahle, hemg
only a grain and a quarter in a pint. So ahundant
is the supply of this thermal water that it is
employed to operate two or three mills erected at
no great distance from its source.

my of Medicine in
', Sprtngi <if IMted

mmntmimm

lil' WIi

i)t tiitrrti^riMwWwiW^iW*!!'**'!

4i06

8PBINQS 09 PENNSTLVAVU.

CHAPTER XXXVIL

Sl»ftING8 OP PENNSYLVANIA.

Be^ord Bpringa— Frankfort Mitwral Springs— GhdlybeaiB Spring
near Pitttburg—Tork 8pring$—CarUde Bpringt—Perry County
Springt-^DoubUng Gap and Chalyoeate * Springi — Fayette
Spring-^Bath ChaHybeate Spring— Blotiburg Spring—Ephraia
SjprinffB-'^TeBou) Sprtnga—Cakdonia Springe.

FuBSUiNa the plan I have adopted of introducing
the States somewhat in respect to the extent and
importance of their mineral waters, I next notice
the mineral springs of Pennsylvania ; and, first,
as l^plding the highest rank among her mineral
fountains, the —

BEDPORD SPBINGS.

The strong mineral impregnation of the Bedford
waters, their valuable therapeutic effects, the
hi^h mountain altitude in which they are situated,
together with the delightful summer climate and
very pleasant mountain scenery of their neighbor-
hood, combine to make them a. place of large,
pleasant and useful resort, alike to the seekers of
health and the votaries of pleasure. They are in
the County of Bedford, and two miles from the

.mM-mMm V unmnk'i i ^Metli

akdbuson's spring.

469

haljfieatB Sprinff
it— Perry Couit^
1pring$ — Fajfette
'jpring—Ephnxta

I introducing
s extent and
[ next notice
; and, first,
her mineral

f the Bedford

effects, the

are situated)

climate and

eir neighbor-

ice of large,

le seekers of

They are in

les from the

village of Bedford, one hundred miles west of
Harrisburg, and one hundred and thirty miles
northwest from Baltimore ; they are less than one
hundred miles east of Pittsburg, and one hundred
and thirty northwest from Washington.

The principal spring is known as Anderson' a ^
the others are called Sweet, Sulphur, Chalybeate,
Limestone and Fletcher's or Upper Spring.

Anderson's SpRiNa is a saline chalybeate water.
Its most active ingredients are sulphate of mag-
nesia and carbonate of iron, the former exists in
the water in the large proportion of 80 grains to
the gallon, the latter in 5 grains. Dr. Church,
who analyzed this water in 185i5, states that " the
water is clear, lively and sparkling. At 10 A.
M., on the 28th of May, the temperature of the
water in the spring was 58° Fah., while that of
the surrounding atmosphere was 73° of the same
scale. Its specific gravity is 1029. It has a
peculiar saline taste, resembling a weak solution
of Epsom salts in water, impregnated with
carbonic acid, and exhales no perceptible odor.
On exposure in an open vessel to the air, it
becomes vapid, but does not become turbid or
deposit a sediment. The water deposits carbonate
of iron on those substances over which it con-
stantly fiows. Limestone, iron ore, calcareous and
silicious substances abound about the spring.

'~^«w

i j i *ijiiiM* >) .» | ti i» i >|| ''n ife i ) ^ a r j ^

470 SPRINGS OF PBNKSYLVANIA.

Dr. Church's analysis of one quart of the water
shows the following results :—

Sulphate of magnesia or Epflom Baits. ..... 20 graiM.

Sulphate of lime •••* ^ |^

Muriate of soda ••• ^ ,,

Muriate of lime ••••• * ,,

Carbonate of iron *» ^^

Carbonate of Ihne ^ ^,

Loss. •

81
Carbonic acid gas 18i cubic inches.

The Swbbt Springs, (Dr. Church,) "are two in
numher, and issue from fissures in slate rocks,
about fifty yards apart, on the east side of Federal
Hill, ahout one hundred and fifty yards from
Anderson's Spring, from which they are separated
by, Shover's Creek. They are copious springs, of
remarkably pure water, which is very clear and
colorless. Its temperature was, on the 28tb of
May, 52° Fab. The water of these springs is used
for cooking, washing, &c., by the residents at
Bedford Springs, and the visitors decidedly prefer
it for drinking water, and, on Account of its purity,
they very appropriately called these springs the
Sweet Springs."

Thb SutPHUR Spring is on the west side of
Shover's Creek, about two hundred yards from
Anderson's Spring. It is not as copious in its flow
as the other springs. Its temperature is B6° Fah.,

t'lll i iitr'iir •'■':''"'"-^'"

jimiriiTn'i.'liitiiit'ii t f ■•■■.^■iy.

%i)Umutm»

CUALTBEATE SPRINO.

tofth€

(Water

.. 20 gnina.

. 81

.. 2i

.. 1

.. U

,) "are two in
in slate rocks,
side of Federal
ty yards from
y are separated
ma springs, of
very clear and
1 the 28th of
springs is used
le residents at
lecidedly prefer
nt of its purity,
!se springs the

e west side of
ed yards from
pious in its flow
ire is 56° Fah.,

and it has a strong odor of sulphuretted hydro-
gen. Dr. Church's experiments with this water
determined that it holds in solution carhonic
acid, sulphuretted hydrogen gas, with lime, mag-
nesia and common salt in small quantities. This
spring contains no iron.

The Chalybeate Spring, Dr. Church states,
"rises in a meadow, ahout one and a half miles
northeast of Bedford, and about three miles from
Anderson's Spring. It is not a copious spring.
The water exhales the peculiar odor of sulphu-
retted hydrogen gas, and is covered with a thin
whitish pellicle. When first taken from the
' spring it is clear and limpid, but on exposure in
an open vessel to the action of the air, it becomes
turbid. Its taste is ferruginous and slightly
hepatic." Experiments prove that this water
contains sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid
gases, carbonate of iron, muriate of soda, and a
minute portion of magnesia. In cleaning out
this spring, many years ago, a part of the skele-
ton of a mammoth was found imbedded in the
mud.

The LufESlONB Speing is a bold fountain of pure
water, about two hundred yards below Anderson' ■
Spring. Its temperature is 51° Fah.

Flbioher's, or T5H Uppbr Sprino, is on the
west side of Constitution Hill, one hundred and

'iriii'if"'

472

SPRHTOB or PENNSYLVANIA.

fifty yards from Anderson's Spring. Its tempera-
ture is 55° Fah. Dr. Church's experiments with
this watfer show that it contains rather more iron
and common salt, with less magnesia, and about
the same proportion of the other ingredients, that
are found in the waters of Anderson's Spring.

The Bedford waters are laxative and tonic in
their effects. They are said to "give rise to full
purging, and cause a discharge of bilious or other
acrid matters, with as much activity as the most
powerful purgatives. They also excite the action
of the kidneys and skin, causing a very free
secretion of urine and perspiration."

Dr. Caspar Morris, an eminent physician of
Philadelphia, in a communication to the Medical
Examiner in 1852, thus speaks of the virtues and
manner of using the Bedford waters : —

"The sensible action of the mineral spring at
Bedford, is on the kidneys, producing very
prompt and profuse diuresis ; on the skin, giving
rise to very free perspiration ; and on the bowels,
causing gentle catharsis. It will thus be evident
that all the emunctories are stimulated to
increased activity ; the discharges are copious,
and yet not only is no debility induced, but there
is an actual increase of vital force in proportion to
this activity. I have myself twice gone to Bedford
•o prostrated as scarcely to endure the fatigue of

3l«t<li» W fei' i 'ii i #J» ll Bi». '

BEa>fORD WATERS.

479

Its tempera-
rimentB with
er more iron
a, and about
redients, that
s Spring.

and tonic in
e rise to full
liouB or other

as the most

ite the action

a very free
>>

physician of
the Medical
le virtues and
\: —

eral spring at
oducing very
e skin, giving
an the bowels,
lus be evident
stimulated to
B are copious,
iced, but there
3 proportion to
;one to Bedford
the fatigue of

the journey, and wholly disqualified for all
exertion, and have, in both instances, returned at
the end of a fortnight or three weeks, restored to
my wonted power of labor, and have witnessed
flimilar results in the cases of friends and patients.
This increase of energy cannot be justly attributed
to the mere catharsis of diuresis, disgorging the
portal circulation, and thus promoting digestion
and assimilation, though, undoubtedly, much la
due to this cau,eo."

Dr. Morris recommends that patients commence
the use of th« water early in the morning, and
take as much as five glasses before breakfast, with
intervals of not less than ten minutes between the
glasses. He advises a brisk walk between each
glass, and that two hours should be occupied with
the drinking and walking before breakfast, and
adds, "during which time the skin and kidneys
will pour forth an amount of fluid proportioned to
the quantity which has been swallowed, and these
eecretioBS should be promoted by exercise adapted
to the strength of the invalid. The quantity
mentioned will generally occasion some three or
four watery evacuations from the bowels, of a
bright yellow color, without pain or exhaustion.
Should this not occur during the two hours follow-
ing breakfast, another glass should be swallowed
before dinner, and in case the bowels should still
resist the influence of the water, a dose of blue
40*

■SB

474

SPRIKCW OF PBKirSYLVANIA.

pill should be taken at bed time, followed in the
morning either by calcined magnesia or the
addition of Epsom salts to the water. I have
never known the water to prove violently or
painfully active, but in one person. In such an
event the use of it should be suspended."

Dr. John Bell bears testimony from his own
experience, to the excellent eflFects of this water m
sick headache, and in other cases of distressing
nausei, in gastralgic pains and constipation of
the bowelB.

Fbanoort Mineral Springs.— These springs
are situated in Beaver County, twenty-six miles
southwest from Pittsburg, and one mile and a halt
from the village of Frankfort. The principal
SFing is known as Cave Spring. It arises within
a large and very romantic cave, on the plantation
of Mr. Stevens. The cave itself is an interesting
natural curiosity, and is much visited by the
people of the surrounding country. Dr. Church,
of Pittsburg, directed attention to the medicinal
Virtues of the Cave Spring water many years ago.
By his analysis the water is found to contain
carbonic acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of
magnesia, muriate of soda, a minute portion of
bitumen and sulphuretted hydrogen gas.

There is a fountain known as Leiper's Spnng
very near Frankfort, which Dr. Church found to
hold iu solution somewhat more carbonate of iron

i i l iiMi i i»,ii i :'.iwi'i.'

mimMmi}A»*»'Ma''m<«}«mw'^A-»u..-.L.'it-i<'m

llowod in the
nesia or the
ater. I have
> violently or
In such an
led."

from his own

f this water in

of distressing

onstipation of

These springs
enty-six miles
mile and a half
The principal
[t arises within
the plantation
an interesting
nsited by the
. Dr. Church,
I the medicinal
aany years ago.
And to contain
I, carljonate of
nute portion of
m gas.

Leiper's Spring
hurch found to
irbohate of iron

CHALYBEATE SFIUNO.

476

und muriate of soda, with less magnesia, and
about the same proportion of carbonic acid,
sulphuretted hydrogen and bitumen, that is found
in the Cave Spring water.

Dr. Church remarks that these waters some-
times occasion nausea and vomiting when first
drunk, but, generally, they set kindly and
pleasantly on the stomach. It generally operates
mildly on the bowels and copiously by the kid-
neys. With some persons its free use occasions
vertigo, with slight sensation of intoxication.
As a therapeutic agent it is said to " regulate the
bowels, strengthen the stomach, improve the appe-
tite, clear the skin, promote diaphoresis, and
cause great freedom of urination."

Chalybeate Spring near PrcxsBaRG.— This spring
is about four miles from the City of Pittsburg.
Dr. John Bell* gives the following description
and analysis of it by Dr. Meade :—

"When the water remains undisturbed for a
few hours, it is covered by a white pellicle, its
taste is lively and rather pungent, with a peculiar
ferruginous flavor, and it exhales an odor of
sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Its temperature is
very generally uniform, and is 54° Fah. The
specific gravity of the water differs little from the
purest water, and is as 1002 to 1000.

•Mimnl and Thermal Springs, &c

476

8PRIN08 OF PBVNSTLVAMIA.

"According to Dr. Meade's analysis it contains
ihuriato of soda, 2 grains ; muriate of magnesia,
^ grain , oxide of iron, 1 grain; sulphate of lime,
\ grain ; carbonic acid gas in one quart of water,
18 cubic inches.

*« Dr. Meade thinks this water even superior,
in a medical point of view, to the water of the
Schooley'a Mountain Spring, which has long sus-
tained a high character for its chalybeate proper-
ties."

Itofx SpRiNas. — These springs are in Adams
County, and are readily reached by railroad from
Philadelphia and Baltimore. There are here two
principal springs, one strongly chalybeate, the
other distinctly ealine. The latter contains 6
grains sulphate of lime, 4 muriate of soda, and
1'20 sulphate of magnesia in a pint of water.
This spring is said to be diuretic and somewhat
cathartic. The chalybeate is doubtless adapted
to the class of diseases in which chalybeate waters
are commonly prescribed.

Cabuslb Sprixos are mild stUphuroua toaiere.
They are near the pleasant town of Carlisle,
through which passes the railroad from Phila-
delphia to Pittsburg. The hotel accommodations
here are said to be very good.

Perry Couktt Spbinos.— These springs are at
the base of Pisgah Mountain, fourteen miles from

lis it oontaina

of magnesia,

Iphate of lime,

iiart of water,

Bven superior,
water of the
has long sus-
ybeate proper-
are in Adams
railroad from
•e are here two
chalybeate, the
er contains 6
e of soda, and
pint of water,
and somewhat
ibtless adapted
alybeate waters

ohuroua toaters.
m of Carlisle,
A from Phila-
locommodations

springs are at
teen miles from

DOUDLINO OAP flPRINOS.

ill

Harrisburg, and eleven from Carlisle. They
belong distinctly to the thermal claaay their
temperature being from 10° to 72° Fah. When
used as a drink they are gently aperient and
decidedly diuretic. They are most esteemed as a
bath, and employed in this way, have proved
beneficial in various disorders, and especially in
diseases of the skin.

DouBUNo Gap Solphuroub and Chalybbam
Springs.— These springs are in Cumberland
County, about thirty miles west from Harrisburg.
They are eight miles from Newville, through
which the Cumberland Valley Kailroad passes,
and from whence, passengers to the springs, are
conveyed by stages.

I am indebted to Dr. John Bell for Professor
Booth's chemical examinations of these waters.
He says: "the odor of sulphuretted hydrogen,
perceived at some distance from the springs,
imparts to this water the peculiar properties of
sulphur springs. Besides this ingredient, I find
that the water contains carbonates of soda and of
magnesia, Glauber's salts, Epsom salts, and
common salt; ingredients which give it an
increased value. After removing the excess of
carbonic acid which it contains, it gives an
alkaline reaction."

Of the other springs he remarks : " The cha-
lybeate water readily yields a precipitate after

I I ii a n . .M l i g).L.|Wp i ii; i |i ^ ) "<

418

8PRIM08 or PINNBTLVANIA.

ebullition or continued expoBuro to the excew of
carbonic acid. Besides the bi-carbonate of iron,
which is the chief characteristic, it also contains
Epsom salts, common salt, and carbonate of mag-
nesia."

The composition of these springs indicate with
sufficient clearness their respective applicability
as therapeutic agents. The first belongs to the
mild sulphurous saline, the second to the carbon-
ated ferruginous class.

Fayette S^rmgr.— This spring is situated on the
eastern slope of the Laurel Hill, and near the
great National road. The water is chalybeate,
very cold and abundant in quality. The scenery
around the spring is wild and romantic, and the
coolness, freshness and elasticity of the air whole-
some and invigorating.

Bath Chalybeate Spring is near the town of
Bristol on the Delaware. Dr. Bell, informs us
that "these springs used to be visited by many
of the citizens of Philadelphia, on account, in
good part, of ready access to them," and that Dr.
Benjamin Rush, wrote an account of them in
1773. They seem now to have gone very much
out of public notice.

BiiOSSBURO Spkinos.— These springs belong to the
class known as acid waters in New York, and as
Alum Springs in Virginia. In taste they very
much resemble the ^okbridge Alum water. They

l#, i *i|jli i ;»ij | |) i ft!<SJI!i. l il j.tJ 1 : > i ii n,ig.'. ii ',i i 'l " "' !''-'»«'^*t'!WW'

BLO0SBU11O SPBINOfl.

470

the excess of
onate of iron,

also contains
onate of mag-

I indicate with
) applicability
belongs to the
to the carbon-
situated on the
and near the
is chalybeate,
. The scenery
nantio, and the
f the air whole-

^r the town of
lell, informs us
isited by many
on account, in
," and that Dr.
mt of them in
;one very much

igs belong to the
IT York, and as
taste they very
am water. They

contain a kfg« amount of free sulphuric acid,
and l( H alumina than the Virginia waters. Un-
like Rockbridge water, they readily deposit, when
removod from the spring, a large portion of the
iron they hold in solution.

The Blossburg waters are adapted to the same
general class of diseases for which the Virginia
and New York acid waters are beneficially pre-
scribed. The dose of a " table spoonful ' ' in which
they are sometimes recommended, is altogether
too small to produce any beneficial effects in
ordinary cases. I have had qn opportunity of
examining the Blossburg water, and of carefully
comparing it with the Rockbridge waters, and I
am sure, judging from the relative strength of
the two, and from my knowledge of the proper
dose of the latter, that from two to four, or even
five glasses of the Blossburg waters may in many
cases, be beneficially taken in the course of the
twenty-four hours.

These springs are in Tioga County, near the
New York line, and in the immediate region of
beds of iron and bituminous coal.

In addition to the mineral springs of Pennsyl-
vania, already noticed, there are numerous pure,
cool and invigorating fountains, that from the
great purity of their waters, their healthful situa-
tion, the character of their accommodations, and
the facility with which they may be reached,
have become places of considerable summer resort.

•w*»WMIIMi

■sjacrr

■■..■.!f^im''vm*»>^^^

480

SPRINGS OF PBNUSYLVANIA.

In this category may be reckoned the Ephrata,
Yellow and the Caledonia Springs. I will notice
them in the order I have named them.

The Ephrata Springs, the annual resort of many
persons during the summer season, are situated
in the rich agricultural County of Lancaster.
The grounds around them are very pleasant, the
scenery interesting and the hotel accommodations
excellent. Baths of various temperatures are
furnished, and maby inducements Tered to make
the sojourn of visitors at these springs both
agreeable and beneficial.

The Yellow Springs, are thirty miles from Phila-
delphia, in the County of Chester. From these
springs a magnificent view of a most interesting
surrounding country is obtained. The rides and
drives are very pleasant, and the twice daily
communication with Philadelphia by the Reading
Railroad and stages, offer great facilities to the
citizens of the city in the enjoyment of country
air and spring recreations. They have facilities
here for the shower and douche, as well as for
the common immersion baths. The hotel accom-
modations are said to be most excellent.

Caledonia Springs, were formerly known as
Sweney's Cold S^ngs. They are about fifteen miles
from Chambersburg. Visitors to them, on arriving
at Chambersburg, may immediately proceed by
coach to their destination. The water of these

iua i >>' ..ii j wwmjiaBWw: !

CALEDONIA SPRINOS.

481

the Ephrata,
I will notice
m.

resort of many
I, are situated
of Lancaster,
y pleasant, the
ccommodations
aperatures are
*fered to make
springs both

lies from Phila-
r. From these
tost interesting

The rides and
he twice daily
by the Reading
racilities to the
lent of country
r have facilities

as well as for
he hotel accom-
llent.

erly known as
lOut fifteen miles
lem, on arriving
tely proceed by
water of these

springs, used as a bath, have enjoyed a high local
reputation for many years, in the cure of various
diseases, for which cold, tepid, or warm baths are
commonly employed. Chronic rheumatism has
been often submitted to the Caledonia bath, and
it is said with excellent effect.

Tlie waters of Caledonia are very pure, the
baths comfortable, the cuisine admirable, while
the mountain Jind intervale scenery, and the
elastic invigorating atmosphere, aflford all that
could be desired of scenery or climate to delight
the mind, invigorate the system, and give new
life and energy to the habitues of cities, worn down
in the treadmill of incessant toils, counting-room
confinement, or commercial anxieties.

. ,«■—..— .**i=,>,-^iF^

I \i j.i» !! i i | | i > iii'i ! m f i»jwi. ^ aj«j j g?w; !^^f

482

MINERAL SPRINGS OF VBRMONT.

CHAPTEB XXXVIII.

MINERAL SPRINGS OP VERMONT.

Clarendon Gaseous Springs.— This is a mild
acidulous water, very slightly impregnated with
saline matter, so slight, indeed, as to make it
rank among the purest waters known. Dr. Bell*
states on the authority of Dr. Gallup, who pub-
lished a notice of this spring, that it has been
ascertained by analysis to contain in an American
gallon, 235 cubic inches, the following ingredi-
entsi —

Nitrogen or a»>te.« »«8 cuWc inchea

Carbonic acid • •• *^'^^

Besides atmospheric air.

Carbonate of lime 80* 8«»™"-

Mariate of lime, Sulphate of lime, and Sul-
phate of magnesia ^'"^^

6-76
Temperature of the Higher spring 48' Fah., of the Lower 64»
Fahrenheit.

These waters have acquired considerable re-
putation in the surrounding country for the cure

* Mineral and Thermal waters, &c., &c.

iiuij-,Hiii*iMitiHtfr'v'ir-tf ■'■i(- ir"-"

JlA *.»»'P-1«*«WB»«***W»'^

rT.

NBWBURG — HIOHOATB.

483

[ONT.

lis is a mild
regnated with
18 to make it
rn. Dr. Bell*
lup, who pub-
it it has been
X an American
wing ingredi-

18 cuUc inches
6

}ul-

.8-02gndiiB.

a-74 "

6-76
I., of the Lower 64"

ansiderable re-
;rf for the cure

&c., Ac.

of dropsical effusions, diseases of the skin /chronic
bronchitis, irritations of the bladder, &c., &c.

The quantity of the water advised to be used,
varies from five to twenty-five half pint tumblers in
course of the twenty-four hours. On commencing
their use, they are said often to excite slight
nausea, with a sense of warmth on the surface,
but that those sensations disappear in five or six
hours, in which time their diuretic effects will
be manifest.

Newburg Solphuk Speino is twenty-seven miles
in an easterly direction from Montpelier. This is
a spring of some notoriety in the country around,
and considerably resorted to by invalids. Na
analysis as far as I know, has been made gf the
waters, but it is said to be very strongly impreg-
nated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Other
springs of similar character are found in the same
region of country.

There are good hotel accommodations here, and
pleasant facilities for bathing. The use of the
water has been much praised in diseases of the
skin, and in scrofulous affections.

HwHGATB SpRiNas, eleven miles from the boat
landing at Albon's Bay, are sulphurous waters,
and of the same general character of the Newburg
Spring.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiji.ii

i.,^mm.r.^,ym4 fn f( im}

484

SPRIKQS OF MASSACHtTSBTTS.

•The Abburoh Sprino is a suphuroua water, simi-
lar to the waters of Newburg and Highgate just
noticed.

Professor Hitchcock, mentions a thermal spring
near Bennington, but does not give its tempera-
ture. It throws off oxygen and nitrogen gases,
and the water is so abundant that it is used for
operating machinery.

CHAPTER XXXIX.

8PBINQS OP MASSACHUSETTS.

HoPKiNTON Springs have acquired some reputation
in the section of country in which they are situated.
An analysis of the water of the principal spring,
by Dr. Gorham, shows that it contains the car-
bonates of magnesia, lime and iron. One of the
springs here is strongly impregnated with sul-
phur.

Berkahirb Soda Spring.— This watering plaCe
is situated in the mountain in Berkshire county,

'S.

BERKSHIRE SODA SPRING.

485

18 water, simi-
Highgate just

ihermal spring
'e its temper a-
itrogen gases,
it it is used for

rsETTS.

some reputation
ley are situated,
rincipal spring,
ntains the car-
n. One of the
lated with sul-

watering place
irkshire county,

three miles from the village of Great Barrington,
through which the cars of the Housatonic Railroad
run four times daily. During thf watering season
carriages run regularly four times d day between
Great Barrington and the Springs.

As embodying the best information at command
in reference to this spring, 1 insert the following
extract of a letter, from Dr. C. T. CoUinB to Dr.
Valentine Mott, for which I am indebted to Dr.
John Bell's recent volume on the Mineral and
Thermal Springs of the United States and Canada :

" I must not close this letter without mentioning
a very valuable mineral spring, situated among
the mountains, a short distance from this village,
and which has, for many years past, had a. high
local reputation for the cure of scrofula and erup-
tive diseases of the skin.

" The people in this part of the country consider
it a specific for the cure of all that class of erup-
tive diseases which are popularly called by the
vague and indefinite term of aaU rheum.

" Diiring the past year, by way of experiment,
I have placed several obstinate cases of Eczema,
Ecthyma, Acne, Porrigo, &c., under the exclusive
treatment of this water, add the results have been
very satisfactory. Indeed, I may say, that, in some
cases, its effect was most extraordinary. So
pleased was I' with the use of this mineral water
that I sent a jug of it to New York city, and had
41»

MAMMWWaiMiMlMMHMM

i .,i« i iiwinvil l iliijj >v>

486 SPRINGS OT NEW JBBSBY AND MAINE.

it analyzed by Professor Boremus and Dr. Blake,
thMbrmer assistant of Professor Silliman . It was
found to contaiif soda, chlorine, carbonic acid and
a trace of alumina. Yet there is but little taste
in it other than that of pure water. When bathed
in, it imparts to the skin the most delightful
softness of any that I have ever used, causing
even a rough skin to feel smooth."

Arrangements exist here for the comfortable
use of warm, cold and shower baths.

CHAPTER XL.

SPBINQ8 OF NEW JEBSEY AND MAINE.
SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN.

The principal watering place in New Jersey is
Schooley'a Mountain Spring, situated in Morris
County, nihet^en miles north-west from Morris-
town, and fifty from the city of New York. The
water of this spring finds its exit from the earth,
near the summit of Sc"hooley'8 Mountain, whence
it is conveyed some distance down the mountain
to a platform for the use of visitdrs, as a beverage
and a bath. The quantity flowing from the
spring is uniformly about thirty gallons in an

MAINE.

scbooley's mountain spring.

487

nd Dr. Blake,
iman. It was
jonic acid and
tut little taste
When bathed
ost delightful
used^ causing;

iie comfortable

B. ^

A.ND MAINE.
AIN.

1 New Jersey is
ited in Morris
it from Morris-
ew York. The
from the earth,
luntaitt, whence
I the mountain
s, as a bererage
ving from the
gallons in an

hour. Its temperature is 50° Fah. Its tastp is
strongly chalybeate, and it deposits oxide of iron
readily upon substances with which it comes in
contact. Its source is in the neighborhood of
beds of iron ore, some of which, on both sides of
the mountain, are worked advantageously in fur-
naces.

The waters of this spring have been known to
possess valuable medicinal properties for more
than three-quarters of a century, and for this
reason, as well as on account of the salubrious
atmosphere, and its picturesque and romantic
scenery, Schooley's Mountain has long been cele-
brated as one of the most desirable summer resorts
for health and pleasure.

According 'to a chemical examination of the
water by Dr. Nevin, its chief ingredients are
"muriate and sulphate of lime and carbonated
oxide of iron."

Dr. Bell remarks, that "as a pure carbonated
chalybeate, the water of Schooley's Mountain
Spring is well adapted to a variety of maladies
marked chiefly by anemia, debility and mucous
discharges in which there is no inflammation ot
an organ present. Its tendency to induce consti-
pation must be watched, and this effect arrested
by the use of mild aperients."

Visitors to the springs "from New York will go
to Morristown by railroad and thence by stage, or
to the White House by railroad and thence by

ii.iWijMl l l i » | ll || (!a> » Ml

. i^,.-e^<»«.-«(?fc^»r

488 epRiNOS or kew jbbsbt amd mainb.

•

stage. The springs are reached from Philadelphia
by way of New Brunswick, and thenco by stage,
six miles, to Bound Brook, on the New Jersey
Central Railroad. By this route they reach the
White House, and thence by stage, the springs."

SPRmOS OP MAINE.

Dr. C. P. Jackson, in a report upon the Geology
of Maine, gives some account of two mineral
springs in this State, thfe Saline Spring of Lubec,
and Dexter's Chalybeate Spring.

The Salwb Luheo Spbinq arises near the junc-
tion of the blue limestone and red sandstone rocks,
on the bank of a small stream near the head of
Lubec Bay. He represents the water as clear and
colorless, with a specific gravity of 1-025. The
solid residuum of an imperial gallon, perfectly
dry, was 322-5 grains ; 100 grains of this dry salt
gave, by analysis, in one pint of water, the
following results : —

Ondns. Qnim.

Chloride of Bodiom 64-0 IW^OO

Sulphate of lime M ll^l®

Chloride of nugnadnm iOH ^TSS

Sulphate of W&: 9-0 27-985

Cu^onate of iron 9-9 9j»0

Caibonate of Unae 2*0 6-200

Cliloride of caldmn a tiaoe. 19-780 low.

Cartwoic acid gas

90-0 888-800 >

41088.

lOOD

DBXTBB— MNFRAL AND THERMAL WATERS. 489

a Philadelphia
inco by stage,
B Now Jersey
ihey reach the
, the spriDgs.'

Dexter Chalybeate Sprino ib located on the
eastern branch of a stream known as Sebasticook.
It deposits copiously "an ocherous yellow oxide
of iron." Dr. Jackson considers this water a
valuable tonic in various disorders of the digestive
functions.

on the Geology
; two mineral
ring of Lubec,

near the junc-
Eindstone rocks,
fir the head of
fit as clear and
of 1025. The
allon, perfectly
of this dry salt
of water, the

CHAPTER XLI.

HINERAIi AND THERMAL WATERS BETWEEN THE
MISSISSIPPI AND THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

fn CiO^ornia—Oregmr—KantM—Neu Mexico— Nebraaktp—
Utah, dtc.

I DEPART from my general plan of treating only
such springs as are improved for public use, to
notice, in a brief way, the principal Thermal and
Mineral Fountains that have been discovered in
the vast regions extending from the western bor-
ders of Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas to the Pacific
Ocean.

In the States of California, Oregon and Kansas,
as well as in the Territories of New Mexico, Ne-
braska, Utah, &c., mineral and thermal waters

490

MINERAL AND THKRMAL WATERS.

are found-in large abundance, of Very positive
quality, and of high temperature.

In North w Upper Cali/omia, west of the Cas-
cade Range, and at the foot of Shaaty Peak,
■pringfl are found hot enough, as travellera ttU ua,
to boil eggs. The region around is volcanic, and
the bare summit of the Peak, rising to a height
of 12,000 to 14,000 feet, is regarded as an extinct

volcano. .

A few miles distant from the spring just men-
tioned is an Acidulo-Chalybeate fountain, and so
sparkling, pungent and eflTervescent is it that the
trappers call it Soda Water.

Dr. L« Conte describes a number of Vdcanic
Spring) in the Desert of Colorado, in Southern
California, some of which are said to resemble the
mud volcanoes of Taman, in the Crimea, and
others the eruptive springs or Geysers in Iceland.
They are in the neighborhood, and but six or
eight miles distant from a range of volcanic
hills from 800 to 1,000 feet high. These springs
consist of " numerous circular lakes, containing
boiling mud, and exhaling a naphtha-like odor.
Many of them are incrusted with inspissated mud,
forming cones* three to four feet high, from the
apex of which proceed mingled vapors of water,
sal ammoniac, and sulphur. Four of them eject
steam and clear saline water, with great violence,
resembling in appearance the jet from the pipe of
a high-pressure engine." These springs are in a
muddy plain, bordering on a saline lake.

iMi

ATBB8.

f Very positive

jvest of the Cas-
• Shaaty Peak,
Iravdlera tdl us,
is volcanic, and
ing to a height
led as an extinct

pring just men-
buntain, and so
nt is it that the

iber of Volcanic
do, in Southern
L to resemble the
he Crimea, and
^sers in Iceland.

and but six or
nge of volcanic
. These springs
akes, containing
,phtha-like odor,
inspissated mud,
t high, from the
vapors of water,
ur of them eject
h great violeuce,

from the pipe of
I springs are in a
ine lake.

BCTWBEN THE MISSISSIPPI AND PACIFIC. 491

A Hoi Sulphur Spring, of the temperature o«
137° Fall., exists Ijear Warner's Rancheria, about
ninety miles from the Colorodo, in South Cali-
fornia.

Oregon furnishes numerous mineral and thermal
springs of very decided character.

The Beer Springs, described by Col. Fremont,
ore about 135 miles, in a direct line from the
South Pass, through the Wind River Mountains,
which separate the waters that flow into the At-
lantic from those that find their way into the

Pacific.

The Beer or Soda Springs are carbonated waters.
They are described by Col. Fremont as existing
in great abundance in an amphitheatre of mineral
waters, which is enclosed by the mountains that
sweep around the circular bend of Bear. River at
its most northern point in the State of Oregon.

In the immediate neighborhood of the Beer or
Soda Springs, Col. Fremont discovered a very
remarkable fountain, which throws up its waters
in the form of a jet d'eau to a variable height of
about three feet. The flow of the water is accom-
panied by a " subterranean noise, which, together
with the motion of the water, makes very much
the impression of a steamboat in motion/' and
hence it was named the Steamboat Spring. This
is a carburetted water of the temperature of 87°
Fah. "Within, perhaps, two yards of the jet
d'eau is a small hole of about an inch in diameter,

"" '*^^^fll!MIW^^*

492

MIKBBAL AMD TnERMAL WATERS

through which, at regular intervals, eacapcB a
blast of hot air, with a light wreath of smoke,
accompanied by a regular noise."

Hot Springs. —khont 230 miles northwest from
Fort Hall, which is situated near the junction of
the Pont Neuf River with Lewis' Fork of the
Columbia, are found Hot Springs of the tempera-
ture of 1C4" Fah.

Malheur River Springs.— At the distance of 120
miles in a northwestern direction from the Hot
Springs just mentioned, are the Malheur Hot
Springs. They ave in latitude 44° 17' N. and
longitude 117° W. Their temperature is 193°
Fah. Elevation above the sea, 1,880 feet.

Hot and Warm Springs of Fall Biver.— These
Springs are on both sides of Fall River, in lati-
tude 44° 4^ N., 121° B' W. longitude. They are
about 200 miles west from the Malheur River
Springs, in the western portion of the State.

The Carburetted, or BoUing Springs 6/ Pike's
Peak. — On the southern route from Independence,
in Missouri, to Oregon and California, the trav-
eller passes the now famous Pike's Peak, at the
foot of which, and ten miles from Paebla, are
found the Boiling Springs. Their elevation is
6,350 feet above the ocean ; their latitude 38° 42'
north.

Col. Fremont describes these springs as numer-
ous, and some of them as unique and very beau-
tiful. He says : *'I came suddenly upon a largo.

\TERS

vals, escapes a
eath of smoke,

northwest f^om
the junction of
b' Fork of the
of the tempera-
distance of 120
ti from the. Hot
e Malheur Hot
44° ir N. and
terature is 193°
880 feet.
i River.— These
11 River, in lati-
tude. They are
Malheur Biver
f the State.
oringa 6/ Pike's
n Independence,
furnia, the trav-
e's Peak, at the
om Puebla, are
loir elevation is
latitude SB^ 42'

prings as numer-
le and very beau-
ily upon a largo.

BKTWEKN THE MlSSIflSIPPI AND PACIFIC.

493

smooth rock, about twenty yards in diameter,
where the water from several springs was bubbling
and boiling up in the midst of a white incrusta-
tion with which it had covered a portion of the
rock." In describing one of this group, he says :
"In the upper part of the rock, which had ap-
parently been formed by deposition, was a beauti-
ful white basin, overhung by current bushes, in
which the cold, clear water bubbled up, in con-
stant motion by the escaping gas, and overflowing
the rock, which it had almost entirely covered
with a smooth crust of glistening white."

These waters belong to the acidulous class, and
aro highly carburetted. They are said much to
resemble the waters of the famous Seltzer Springs
in the Duchy of Nassau. Their temperature is
variable, ranging, under different circumstances
of the atmosphere, from 54° to 69° Fahrenheit.

New Mexico has numerous mineral and
thermal springs, some of which are sulphurous,
but they have not been described with sufficient
accuracy to make us acquainted, either with their
peculiar characteristics, or their precise localities.
There are several springs in Nebraska that
have attracted the attention of scientific travellers.
Both Col. Fremont and Capt. Stanbury, in their
respective narratives, notice the

FoET Laramib Speinq.— This fountain, thermal
in its character, is ten miles from Fort Laramie,
4B

~~^mr'me&

494

MINERAL AND THERMAL WATERS

between the North Fork of the Platte and the
Laramie Kivers, in latitude 42° 16' N., and longi-
tude 104° 47' W. It is in the southern portion of
the territory, 625 miles from St. Joseph's, in
Missouri. Its temperature is 74° Fah., about the
same as the Sweet Springs in Virginia.

In the western part of Nebraska, near the Oregon
line, and in the midst of the Salt Plains, in the
valley of the Sweet Water River, are found what
are known as the Fonda of Saleratua. The
chief of these ponds appeared to Capt. Stansbury
"as if frozen over, and covered with a light
coating of driven snow. It was found to be a
slight depression, about 400 yards long, by 150 in
width, covered with an eflfervesence of carbonate
of soda, left by the evaporation of the water
w^iich had held it in solution." This substance
is quite abundant, and emigrants use it in their
culinary operations in preference to the saleratus
of the shops.

Utah Tbrrirtort, more than any other portion
of North America^ abounds in thermal waters,
many of which are sulphurous and saline, and of
very high temperature.

Hot SpRiNGa of Pyramid Lake.— The Pyramid
Lake, embosomed in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
with its singular pyramidial mount, rising from
its transparent waters to the heighth of about

iiiitfinwiiiy%i»i"%«»i

BETWEKN THE MISSISSIPPI AND PACIPIC. 49B

Matte and the
N.,andlongi-
lern portion of

Joseph's, in
'ah., about the
aia.

ear the Oregon
Plains, in the
ire found what
leratua. The
apt. Stansbury

with a light
found to be a
ong, by 150 in
ce of carbonate

of the water
rhis substance
use it in their
the saleratus

Y other portion
lermal waters,
1 saline, and of

-The Pyramid
ada Mountains,
nt, rising from
[ghth of about

600 feet, and walled in by almost perpendicular
precipices, in some places near 3,000 feet high, is a
remarkable formation , and is said to have nothing
to resemble it in any other portion of the world.
Its boiling springs have attracted the attention of
the scientific. Col. Fremont describes them m
about 39° N. latitude, and 117« 30" W. longitude,
as boiling up with much noise. He states that
the largest basin is several hundred feet in circum-
ference, and has a circular space at one end, of
15 feet in diameter, entirely filled with boiling
water, whose temperature near the edge is from
206° to 208® Fah. Its depth, near the centre, is
more than 16 feet. The water is impregnated
with common salt, but not so much as to render
it unfit for general cooking, and a mixture of
gnow makes it pleasant to drink.

The late Capt. Gunnison, speaking of these
springs, says : " At the base of the hills, around
the lake, issue nuinerous warm s^nga, that
collect in pools and smaller lakes, inviting aquatic
fowl, during the winter, to resort to thteir agree-
able temperature, and where insect larvw furnish
food at all times, and the soil is so heated that
snow cannot lie in the vicinity. In some places
springs of different temperature are in close
proximity ; some so hot that the hand cannot be
thrust in them without pain."

City Wabm Sulphue Spbinos issue from a
mountain on the immediate confines of Salt Lak^

-T »« 'i . i- ,j» !Bii| i,..,.] i iJiM WI

496

MINERAL AND THERMAL VATBRS

City, and its waters are conveyed by pipes into
bathing houses, within the city, for the use of the
inhabitants. The water is sulphurous, and yields,
upon analysis, the carbonates of lime and Aag-
nesia, with small portions of the chlorides of
calcium and sodium, together with sulphate of
soda.

Three miles distant, and arising from -the side
of the mountain just mentioned, another spring
flows out with great boldness. The temperature
of its water is 128° Fah. The specific gravity of
this water is very slightly greater than that of
distilled water. It contains chloride of sodium
and traces of chlorides of calcium and magnesium,
sulphate and carbonate of lime and silica.

Between Salt Lake City and the , Great Salt
Lake, there are numerous warm fountains^ which,
Capt. Gunnison informs us, deposit gypsum, and
other sulphates. They constitute delightful
bathing, but are said to destroy the fertility of
the soil to which their waters are applied.

Col. Fremont thus describes a group of Hot
Springs, situated thirty-four miles north of Salt
Lake City : " lu about seven miles from Clear
Creek; the trail brought us to a place at the foot
of the mountain, where there issued, with con-
siderable force,*te» or tiodve Hot Springs, highly
impregnated with salt. In one of tbem the ther-
mometer stood at 136°, and in another at 132°
Fah., and the water, which spread in pools over

lJ>. lllli l llil Hi li^ »1 fii■lrfe ■W ■l 1 ^ l' « « i • |^l ^T^^^^'^^■''™;■'''

.TERS

BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI AND PAOITIC. 497

by pipes into
' the use of the
3US, and yields,
ime and ibag-
e chlorides of
th sulphate of

» from -the side
another spring
iie temperature
jcific gravity of
»r than that of
ride of sodium
nd magnesium,
1 silica.

the , Great Salt
mntaijiSf whichj
it gypsum, and
;ute delightful
the fertility of
Etpplicd.

, group of Hot
i north of Salt
lies from Clear
>lace at the foot
med, with con-
Springs, highly
' tliem the ther-
inother at 132°
kd in pools over

the low grounds, was colored red." His analysis
of this red earthy matter showed it to be highly
impregnated with iron, and to contain the carbon-
ates of magnesia and lime, with sulphate of lime,
chloride of sodium. With silica and alumina. ^

Kear Bear River is a depression, in which issue
three fountains between the strata, within the
space of thirty feet, of which one is Hot Sulphnr,
the next Tepid and Mt, and the other cool, de-
licious drinking wetter. The three currents unite,
and flaw off through the plain, forming the be-
ginning of a large and bold river.

Water of the Gfeat Salt Lake.— Dr. Gale, of
Washington city, has examined the'water of this
wonderful saline reservoir. He describes it as
perfectly clear, with a specific gravity of 1.170 ;
common water being l.QOO. Oae hundred parts
evaporated to dryness gave 22.422 of solid con-
tents, consisting of chloride of sodium 20.196,
sulphate of soda 1.834, chloride of magnesium
0.252, with a trace of chloride of calcium. Dr.
G. regards this water as the purest and most con-
centrated brine in the world. The strongest
salines of the Syracuse wells in New York contain
but 17.35 per cent, of the chloride of sodium.

Various Salt and Sulphur Spring arise from the
mountains and plains near the Great Salt Lake,
and flow into it.

Thermal Saline Springs .—Ca^t. Stansbury, in
his narrative, informs us of the Warm Saline whose
48»

1 V

'~u«^wu4«^ "iffla i'i Ti"^

iHgi i ^i^i,!f.ij.'aMi.<»ii..

498

MINERAL AND THERMAL WATERS.

temperature ia 74° Fab., that breaks out from
the mountaiu at the nortbera end o<* the lake, and
of the Warm Springs in the same locality, whose
temperfiture is 84° Fab.
We are told that the whole western shore of

• Salt Lake, bounded by an immense plain of soft
mud, is traversed by numerous rills of sulphurous
and salt water, that mostly sink into the earth,
or are evaporated before they reach the lake.

Thermal Saline Springs of Spring VoUley.-^ln
this Valley, lying on the western side of the
mountain that extends in a southerly direction
from the south end of Salt Lake, thermal saline

' springs are sq numerous as to give the name to
their location. Their temperature is generally
about 74° Fab.

* ,. I 11, II utttW"'"'' •■'-■-■'■^■^

lEBS.

laks out from
* the lake, and
locality, whose

stern shore of
e plain of soft
I of sulphurous
nto the earth,
the li^e.
ng Valley. — ^In
n side of the
berly direction
thermal saline
e the name to
B is generally

THERMAL SPRINGS OF AMERICA.

499

CHAPTER XLII.

THEKMAL SPRINGS OF AMERICA.

I hare thought that it would be interesting
to my readers to have a condensed view of the
various Thermal Springs of the United States and
its Territories.

Virginia is rich in thermal waters, and up to
the time of the discovery, of the numerous Hot
Springs of New Mexico, was regarded as possess-
ing more of this class of waters than any other
portion of the Cftntinent.

I shall first notice the thermal waters of Vir-
ginia, and shall regard all the Springs as belong-
ing to that class whose waters are distinctly above
the mean temperature of the immediate country
in which they arise. In this class I include the
Greenbrier White Sulphur, although not gener-
ally regarded as a thermal spring; but the tact
that it is full ten degrees above the mean temper-
ature of the atmosphere and the media through
which it flows, as well as of the neighboring foun-
tains, properly gives to ft thai character.

iaH

THERMAL BPBING» OF ABIBRIOA.

Ftbranhcit.

White Sulphur, Virginia 62»

Holston Springs, Scott Co., Va W

Bath, Berkeley Co., Va _. 78"

Sweet Springs, Monroe Co., Va 78 to 74'

Red Sweet, Alleghany Co., Va 76 to 7V>

Healing Spring, Bath Co., Va SB'

Warm Springs, Bath Co., Va 08»

HotSprings, " ". ;... »8tol06»

Perry County, PennsylTania 78*

Lebanon, New York 78»

Merriwether County, Georgia 95»

Buncombe County, North Carolina 94 to 104o

Warm Springs, French Broad, Tennessee^ ... W

Florida Sulphur Springs 70»

Waahita, Arkansas 140 to 166°

Spring near Fort Laramie, Nebraska 74°

Hot Sulphur Springs of California , 187°

Hot Springs at Shasty's Peak, CaUfomia

Great Salt Lake City Warm Springs

Great Salt Lake Hot Sidings, Utah... t 128°

Great Salt Lake Hot Chalybeate, thirty miles

from Great Salt Lake ,. . .182 to 186°

Great Salt Lake Thermia Saline 74to 84°

Great Salt Lake Spring Valley Saline.... w.. 70 to 74°
Bear lUver Warm and Hot Springs, 74 miles

northwest firom Salt Lake City 184°

Lake Utah Warm Springs

Hot Springs, Oregon 164°

Malheur RiTer Hot Springs, Oregon. . . / 198°

Hot and Warm Sprii^, Fall River, Oregon. 89 to 184°
Hot Springs, Pyramid Lake, Utah ♦ 206 to 208°

* Mi) al and Thermal ^rings Of the United States, hj Bell.

CRIOA.

FtbraDhait.
62»

es"

..... 78"

78 to 74»

75 to 79»

85»

98»

.;... WtolOe'

78"

..... 78»

980

94tol04»

709

140tol66°

74»

187»

ia. .. .

128»

miles

.....182 to 186°

..... 74to 84«

..... 70 to 74»

miles

184<'

164'>

/ 198<»

egon. 89 to 184°
2Q0to208»

[ted States, I^Bdl.

MINERAL SPRINQS OF CANADA.

601

CHAPTER XLIII.
MINERAL SPRINGS OP CANADA.

The Caledonia Springs.— These springs are
situated about forty miles from Montreal, and a
few miles south of the Ottawa River. They are
a place of considerable resort during the summer
season. There are four springs in this group
deserving of notice. They are known as the (7a»,
the Saline, the Sulphur, and the Intermitttng

Spring.

The first three issue through a pliocene clay,
within a few rods of each other. They are all
more or less alkaline in character, the Sulphur the
most so. The intermitting Spring is two miles
distant from the others, abounds in earthy chlo-
rides, and emits carburetted hydrogen gas largely
at irregular intervals.

1. The Gas Spring.— The temperature of this
spring was found to be 44°.4. when the ther-
mometer stood in the air at 61°.7. It discharges
about four gallons of water per minute, and
evolves a gas, ascertained to be carburetted hydro-
gen, at the rate of 300 cubic inches a minute. Its

■i'<

I i;.iili,!IJH>«»«*WiWI

WSlWie"P3»'

mmm.

MIKBRAL SPRIirOS OF OAK AD A.

specific gravity is 1006'2. Its taste pleasantly
saline, without bitterness. Its saline ingredients
in 1000 parts, 7-7776. Carbonic acid in 100 cubic
inches, 17.6.

2. Saunb Bpwno.— This spring is not very dis-
similar from the one just named, but, notwith-
standing, from the name it bears, is somewhat
less saline. Its temperature and specific gravity
are essentially the same. Occasionally it emits a
stray bubble of carburetted hydrogen, but the
amount of that gas evolved is very small. It is
somewhat more strongly alkaline than the Gas
Spring. This spring yields 10 gallons per
minute, and to every 1000 parts of its water
gives 7*347 parts of solid matter. Its free car-
bonic acid is 14*7 cubic inches in 100 cubic inches
of water.

8. Stophuk Spring.— The water of this spring
is slightly sulphurous in taste and odor. Solid
matter in 1000 parts 4'95Mi It is somewhat
more alkaline than the other springs of the group,
contains silica in a relatively large proportion,
and exhibits traces of iodine and iron.

4. iNTSRHTETiNa SPBiwa.— The temperature of
this spring was 60° when the atmosphere around
was 61°. Solid matter in 1000 parts of its waters,
14*639 parts. Chemical examination detects the

ffADA.

taste pleasantly
[iline ingredients
acid in 100 cubic

f is not very dis-
d, but, notwitb-
irs, is somewbat
specific gravity
onally it emits a
drogen, but tbe
Bry small. It is
ae than the Gas
10 gallons per
ts of its water
ir. Its free car-
1 100 cubic inches

r of this spring
and odor. Solid
It is somewhat
igs of the group,
iarge proportion,
[ iron.

temperature of
mosphere around
arts of its waters,
ation detects the

IIINSRAL SPBINOB OV CANADA.

603

existence of bromine, chlorine and iodine in the
water, with sodium, potassium, magnesium and
calcium. A large portion of the two latter exist
in the form of chlorides. Traces of alumina and
iron are also found.

TosoABORA Acid Spbin<».— This spring is located
in TuBcarora Township, 21 miles north of Port
Dover. Its waters abound in free sulphuric acid,
in the proportion of 4 parts in 1000, and, also,
with the sulphate of the alkalies, magnesia, lime,
alumina and iron in small quantities. It emits
occasional bubbles of oarburetted hydrogen, and
its waters are acid and styptic to the taste, and
decidedly sulphurous, while the odor of sulphur-
etted hydrogen is manifest for some distance
around the spring.

CHARWTTffiViLLB SuLPHUK Spbino.— This Spring
is in the neighborhood of Port Dover, on Lake
Erie. Its waters are sparkling and limpid, their
odor strongly sulphurous. The taste of the water
is pungent, with a slight impression of sweetness,
leaving a sense of warmth in the mouth. Chem-
ical examinations show the presence of Chloride*
and sulphates in the water ; the bases are ascer-
tained to be soda, potash, magnesia and lime, with
traces of iron and alumina. It abounds very
strongly in sulphuretted hydrogen, containing
26-8 cubic inches to the gallon. Its solid matter
is 2-49446 parts to 1000. .

■iiiw^tfiiiifi 111 TT'" ' ,' ilii' H'r'

MINERAL 8PRIK08 OV CANADA.

Mineral Artesian Welm at 8t. Catharine's,
Canada West.— The analysis of this crater, as
reported io a printed circular, is very extra-
ordinary. If the puhlished statement of its
analysis, by Dr. Chilton, be correct, and the water
sent to him for examination was the natural water
of Sk. Catharine's, the quantities in which its
ingredients are held in solution, when we consider
their peculiar character, are unexampled in the
history of mineral fountains.

Dr. John Bell,* with amiable manifestations of
incredulity, remarks: "Assuming the printed
statements of the results of an analysis, by Dr.
Jas. B. Chilton, to be correct, the saline ingre-
dients of this water are in a singularly large
proportion, and this, too, of certain salts, which
are far from being common, still less abundant, in
mineral springs. A pint of the water is repre-
sented to hold in solution 6'064'15gra .isof saline
substances, which are equal to nearly five-sevenths
of the watery menstruum in which they are dis-
solved. In other words, 16 ounces of the water
hold in solution rather more than 10^ ounces uf
saline matter. They are in the following propor-
tions, in one pint of water ; its specific gravity at
60°Fah. being 10347 :

* Mineral and Thermal waters of the United

States and I

HiiUlJWP i

ANAOA.

! 8t. Catharine's,
of thifl vrater, as
T, is very extra-
statement of its
rect, and the water
I the natural water
ities in which its
, when we consider
oexampled in the

> manifestations of
ming the printed
n analysis, by Dr.
, the saline ingre-
singularly large
irtain salts, which
I less abundant, in
le water is repre-
15gra .isof saline
learly five-sevenths
hich they are dis-
nces of the water
bban 10^ ounces uf
I following propor-
specific gravity at

he United States and

MINBRAL SPBUrOS OF CANADA.

606

Chloride of calclam 2050-40

" of magnesium 1280-76

" ofaodium Wt-86

Proto-chloride of hron 18-76

Sulphateof Ume.. 16-82

Carbonates of lime and magneshi 2-06

Bromade of magnesium >

Iodide of magneeium J * *™**'

Silica and Alumina 47

(GrainB) 806415

'* According to this analysis, the proportion of
chloride of calcium (muriate of lime) in the water
is a little more even than that which is found in
the solution of this salt, directed by the Pharma-
copoeia of the United States, viz.: one part of the
chloride in two and a half parts of the solution."
On reading a little further, after the table of con-
stituents of this water, we come to a " Card to
the Public," in which we learn that the product
of the artesian well is subjected to a certain pro-
cess of depuration and evaporation, and that
"that part which is composed of common salt
first settles and is removed ; the remainder is
dipped into vats until the earthy matter subsides,
and then bottled off without any drug or admix-
ture whatever being added thereto." Dr. Bell
adds : *' One thing seems to be certain, that the
water bottled and sent away, is a water prepared
from that of St. Catharine's well, but not the
water, the direct flow from the vein or veins

S06

MIXBRAL SPRfNOS Of OAVADA.

' Opened by Imring.' He further adds, in proof of
the wonderful differonceit in the strength of the
saline imprognationn of different specimens of
this water, that Mr. J. E. Toung, nn intelligent
chemist, examined a specimen of this water left
at the shop of Trofessor Proctor, of the Philadel-
phia College of Pharmacy, with the ussurnncc
that it was from St. Catharine's well, in itA
original state, with the following resultii: —
"Specific gravity, 1.39U; saline contents in one
ounce, 164 grains, and in one pint, 2.624 grains.
This last, large as is the proportion, is only a
little more tliun one-half of the quantity of the
salts contained in a pint of the water sent to Dr.
Chilton for analysis."

yARB.vNB8 SpRiNOi. — These Springs are on the St.
Lawrence, seventeen miles below lyiontreal. Many
years ago they were largely resorted to, but loss
so of late years, and probably from no want of
merit in the waters.

There are two springs here, called the Ocu and
the Saline Spring. Both springs contain iodide,
chloride and bromide of sodium, with curbonateK
of soda, strontia, baryta, lime, magnoHia and
iron. The temperature of the water is 45° to
47° Fah.

Sr. Leox Sprixo — Is a Saline Chalybeate, similar
in its general character to the springs of Yarennes,

HMkiiiMMbiifa

!jMiiiiiMfii i iir''rii i iM«i M ^ «<■ «■

ffADA.

adds, in proof of
) strength of the
nt Rpocimena of
g, nn intelligent
>f this water left
of the Philadel-
h the asaurnnce
e'a well, in its
wing resultii : —
contents in one
nt, 2.624 grains,
ortion, is only a
I quantity of the
iratcr »ent to Dr.

iigs arc on the St.
lyiontreal. Many
rted to, but loss
from no want of

lied the Oas and
I contain iodide,
, with curbonateK
magnexia and

MINBRAL flPRINCM Or OAKADA.

607

water is 45° to

halybeate, similar
ingsof Varennes,

but containing more iron. It emits large quanti-
ties of carburetted hydrogen gai.

The Plantaobket Spring derives its name from
the township in which it is situated. It is near
the river Ottawa. It resembles in the general
choracter of its waters the St. Leon Spring.

Caxtox Spring.— This Spring is found in Caxton
township, on the river Yarnachiche. It resembles
very much the St. Leon ond Plantagenet Springs
in the character of its waters^ and like the St.
Leon, evolves largo quantities of carburetted
hydrogen.

-.1

III I ylMii mji^lffmilgtm

wBtum^m^i

?%'

ybs, 237 and 239 Baltimore Street,
BALTIMORE, MD.

importers % jobbers of ^ibboitd

OP EVKBY KIND.

BONNET SILKS AND SATINS,

VELVET, CRAPES, ILLVSIOXS, die.

Straw Bonnets and Flats,

TRIMMED STRAW GOODS, SHAKER HOODS.

FRENCH & AMERICAN FLOWERS,

OSTRICH AND OTHER PLUMES,
FBAMJE8 & MILLINERY ABTICLE8

OF KVCIIV KIND.

We offer a Stock unsurpassed in the United
States in variety and cheapness.

Orders solicited and prompt attention givei

\UAtt Tbomab Macurmi ft Sons.]
IMPORTCM OF AND DCALKRS IN

Coach and Saddlery

No. 222 Baltimore St.

[KtUMUhe* in 1S»8A

altimore, wd.

HubHf

» ■■» '

F«Uoe»i Sadttte Trees,

Spoken, Hheep Skina, *^^^Hna»,

Shoe Thread. Hog Skin», Canvas,

Saddlers* Ha-« J,

Enameled Leatlter, Hamem Leather,

Carriage Bolts, Moss, Bag Leather,
SHrrvps, Tire Bolts, Whetls,

Skirting, Bits, Varnish, Jbe , Sc.

ALSO,

All Other Articles appertaining to the Business.

Receiving by every Steamer from Liverpool (England) the
Latest Styles of Goods, we can compete with any House in
our line in the United States.

'"t "Jtam

.8.]

CRS IN

^ddlery

iltimore St.
d.

Hubgf

Canvas,

her,

>M, Bag Leather,

Vamishf Se , Jtc,

to the Business.

crpool (England) the
: with any House in

|tfurt.

-. >^" » < — \ ■

COLEMAN «& ROGERS,

No. 173 Baltimore Street,

KMP THBlMltTiB AXWAT8 SOPPLIBD WITH THt FOLWWIHO .

MINERAL WATERS,

SIBSOT FBOM THB BPBINOB.

To which they are constantly adding new Waters of any merit, u

they are introduced, and consumers can rely upon their

Fbuhhus and Pobitt :

ST. CATHARINE'S. (Canada,) MiaSISQUOI, STAR,

CONGRESS, EMPIRE, EXCELSIOR,

WASHINGTON, (Chalybeate,)

HIGH ROCK, BEDFORD, ', i ORCHARD ACID,

vicHt, y

KISSINOEN, f ABTiPrtut, H. SMitli'g,

kiSSINOEN, (Bitter,) J

SHARON SULPHUR, SELTZER, (German,) HEALING,

ALLEGHANY, ROOKBRIDGB ALUM,

BBDITORD ALUM AND IODINE, BLUB LICK,

GREENBRIER WHITE SULPHUR,

COYNER'S WHITE SULPHUR, AUGUSTA ALUM.

^isdMm

'SKlltUt JlHl|fJtttr #BrittSjJ,

CATAWBA COUNTY, ^ ,.:j.

North Carqlina.

Xbe «Prof>ritiur8 of tMr c-cUlirated wnteriD|r-pl>ic« baring gone to
great ex[K*nw in liaving coiiiifirg morrd, walks graded, acd a large
number of new Luildincs erected, logeiber with other iinprorementf,
are now pivpaifd to accoraniudate a large numticr of visitors, pind
vUl open the Springs fur the recrfiiion of the same on the First DaV

>0V Jtm. Being siiuattrd in the Norihwestrrn part of the Sifkte, in
fkill view of the mountains, a healthier and more delightful location
is not to be found ; and for beautiful flowers, shady giores and walks,
it is second to no other watering-place South.

The Mineral Waters of these Springs are composed of White
Salphur, Blue Sulphur and Chalybeate, the medical properties of
which stand unrivaled, and any number of cerilAoates can be pro-
duced testif\ing to their health-restoring qualities. Our rooms are
newly furnished with new mattresses, linen sheets, Ac, and visitors
ttiayrely a|>oD having good fare nod every attenUon paid to 'their
(comfort. Persons coming to the Springs from Baltimore or Washing-
ton, by taking the early train, via Richmond, arrive at Salisbury the
same evening, where they will find good accommadlitions for the
night, and ihc next morninz take the Statesville and Morgaaton
Railroad, and arrive at the Springs in time for dinner. By the old
Bff Line yirti lesiw liiliimore in the afternoon, take th» cars the neit
nioraingat Portsmouth, Va., and arrive at Salisbuiy the same even-
ing. This is decidedly a pleasant route, and you can procure Throngh

"Tickets on the Boat and haw B:tg(rH)!e checked through to Salisbury.
A good Brass and String Bund, cuniposcd uf the best performers, will
be at the Springs the entire season, or until October, and visitors may
rdy Upon our having good miisic.

■A good Physician will be at the Springs the entire season, and
invalids may rely upon having every attention paid them.
Board by the month, week or day, reasonable, and fare not excelled.

• J. GOLDEN WTATT & CO,

mOPBIXTOXtB,

m0.

VTY,

h Carqlina.

r-pliice having gone to
ka graded, acd a large
Ih other iinprorementf,
umlicr of visitors, pind
Mime on the First DaV
I part of the State, in
lore delightful location
hady giores and walks,

« composed of White
i medical properties of
certifioates can be pro-
ilities. Our rooms are
iheets, Ac, and visitors
attenUon paid to 'their
Baltimore or Washing-
arrive at Salisbnrj the
crommadlitionB for the
esville and Morganton
for dinner. By the old
I, tftkei tb» cars the neit
ttlisbuijr the same even-
Du can procure Tbrongh
d through to Saliabury.
he best performers, will
:tober, and visitors may

the entire season, and
1 paid them,
le, and fare not eicelled.

NY ATS & CO,

MtOfBIXTOXlB,

^®%

MONROE COUNTY, ^

-♦—*«•■ — •-

The undersigned would respectfully inforift his friends and
the public that he has taken the above famous and salubrious
WATMINO PUACt. and that it will be opened for the recep-
tion of Visitors on the FIFTtMTH OF JOl«. with every
appointment and attraction to render it, u heretofore. 'He
most desiQible Summer Resort in the United States.

He need only refer to those who have known his previous
career as a caterer, to have his asfurance believed that the
cuisint, cellars, attendance and accommodations will be un-
surptocd.

the SwEBT SraiNGS are approached from Washington City
by the Orange and Alexandria and Virginia Central R|U
roads.

Parties desiring to make arrange T,ents for visiting the
Springs, or for information, should address the undersigned,

Stveet Sprluff», Monroe County,

WeO, Virginia.

UAMBB OABROX.L,

vHM«ri» SubQitkers andl 9[tit(antf t»

?To. ir4 Baltimore Htp«*«<t, Baltimore,

HA VB JV8T PUBLISHED:

AmgATiaB ON rttACTvnxa »f nui lowbb xxtmxmmtt.

Aim TBM VBJS or TMJB ANTMBIOR aUSi-BiraOltr AFPA-
JtATUa th <*• TMEATMKITT Or TUOaX INJVHIEa. I%Mit
Jtttuttmtei ty Cut* and. IHm0rmms i tugHhrr with JTrnm er ot u tMstr
J%irml»kml »y mn«Men< AtiryoMM. BIT fHUFEaaOR S ATM AN X.
BMITH, •fthm VHiveruUg of MmtiflaHti, I voKSrc. printed on toned
paper, and atrongly bound in cloth, bereled bonrdn. Price 63.UO.

HONNBTAZ. A Tale of Paris in the Days of St. Vinrent de Paul. : By-
Rev. W. H. Anderdon. ISmo. cloth. |t.0O. Cloth, fuU gilt, ti.W.
"AaToma •• Boaiiavib pretents us with a nurioiw narrative of STenta
ocoonriDR in.and neAr Paris in the days of tne Fronde, depicted under the
alluring form of romance: the author— thoroughly versed in the history of
that period, and u*ing his story simply as h vehicle for illustrating the
manners and morals prevailing at that day— furni»hes us with a serws of
portraits of the.great men who swayed the destinies of France during the
earlier portions of Louis XI V's reign. ••••••

* * This bo-ilc presents the remarkable aspect of romance utterly

devoid of even an allosion to love. To the reader, unlearaed yet interested
in the history of these stirring times, the knowledge acquired under this
amuslBgfbrm will be most welcome; and should nis sympathies be enlisted
in the Inlcrests of Catholicism the attraction will be greatly enhanoed. The
liberality, however, of the writer's views, and the absence of all religioua
animosity, will render his work acceptable to those dilTering trom mm in
betleC"— Amm) TabU.

mnOXWORTWa XARLT LXaaONa. By .Vlss Mama EMtiroara.
,6 vols., cloth, il,it5. This Series is cpmposeil of the following bopk*.
Matly patkedin ix box: "Prank." "Sequel to Frank." "Rosamond.**
" Harry and Lucy.*^ ** Harry and Lucy Concluded."

KLKMMNTa dSr UKOMBTM ' • By A. H. I^gendre. With Addii ions
and Kodiflcatlons (ly M. A. Blanchet, Eleve of the Polytecfanio Sehool;
t>ireelor of iHudies of St. Barbe. Translated ftrom the Eteventh PVenefc
edition, by Franolp U. *-mith. A. M., Superintendent and ProfMaor of
Mathematics In the Virginia Bfllitary Institute, Lexington, Va
The. present translation is from the last French edition of Ijsgendra^ witk
addition*' and mtMUScations by M. A- BUufttet, an eleve vf the SeoU BH^
(edMoM, and director of studies otSnMt-Bmht.

M. Bhutehtt has materially improved the original teat of Legendre, not
iontSr in'Mie general arrangemrntof the work, but in the simple dembnstra-
tions he has given for the measures of the eirtit, 0/Hiidtr, eont and qvAsre.
ValiMMe Apii«ndta«» are also added, embracing TVbs Thtorn o/ TWnwesrsab ;
The POU niM /War Xtos ; Harhtaun Ptguni utidtr n gieen Perinuter t together
with oopious examples, for the exercise of the student, in the demonttra*
iioB ofThiBoi«ms aadjn the solution of Geometrical Problems.

Thia tnuMlation of Blanchet's edition of Legendre's tieometty constitutes
one of the Mathematical Series of the VtrgitSa Milttar)/ IntU'uU. The fol*
lowing works, embraced in this series, have already been published:

amtfl t * XMroelMetonr .^ArlMmcMe, for the use of Beginners 10 4&

BrnMi't ArUkmtHe, /ur the use of Schools and Academies .0 71V

amtMifs Knn» *'«• 0«>

amMk' a Alf/'*rm, A now edition, enlarged 12mo S 0»

iSi«ttfc>« t ii,V» AmtigHeat Orvmetrn g so

SUtit atrpt <i* i'Wmek. Being an Introduotinn to the French Lan-

Siage. By P. F. de (iournay, late of New Orleans, La. Square 16mo.,
oth , 6»

Baltimore,
ED:
WBH XXrmXMMTT,

r/»j*cjr«ojtr afpa-
iitjVHMBa. jnaiif

with Vmmevoma Omser
'BHSOK HATMAH S.

ol. 8r<-. printed on tuned
dH. PHce 93.00.

Bt. Vinrnnt de Paul. By
, fiiU Kilt, «.>.0<).
louM narrative of •vents
ide, depicted under the
veriwd In the hialorjr of
tide for llluatratlDg the
»hea UH with a seriea of
ea of France during the

apeot of romanoe utterly
onlearMd yet interested
dge acquired under thia
la aynipathies be enlisted
e greatly enhanced. The
i abaence of all religioua
se differing A-om him in

MIsa Ma«u EeetwoBTR.
of the following bool^*,
Frank." " Roaamond.'*
id."

igrndre. With Addiliona
the PolyteHinio Beltool;
on* tlie Kieventb Pkendk
>ndent and Profesaor of
Lexington, Va^
>dition of I^gendre^ witk
elm wf the KcoU Pol^

al text of Legendre, not
n the simple dem6nstra-
cgHndtr, eont and ti^urt.
h» Thtorn of TWniMtraafa ;
givtn Perimeter; together
ident, in the demonttra-
al Problems.

re's iileometry constitutes
ibtarv Iiwti'ute. The fol-
ly been published:

}f Beginners 10 4&

Loademies lO TIV

oe»

SCO

•••• •'... sso

to the Fiench Lan-
I, La. Square lOmo.,
• • , 6»

"Wa ha«s ssea •• AaerisM r»»m hw Tears layeri*' t* It."-'-*"' «■ Le**.
JUST FUBUSNKO»THt ORIAT SOUTHBUN POIM,

BBEGHENBROOK^^'

A RHYME or THS WAm,
BT MBS. MABOABBT 1. PBItTOH. OF UXOrOTON. VA.

An EatiBsi.T Nsw Editiok. BsADTirDLLT Illuitsatid raoit Diaioiia ar
William L. Shkppabd, or KirMMONO, Va. SHAtL 4to., Boiino in Fihc
Cloth, Oilt Eaosa, fSJW. Moancco Aktiqdk, 96.00. Taia EoiTiea or
THia aoiT CKLKsaATSD PoKM la uoTTSN nr is BsAUTiruL 8tvl>, and is

NOT lOBPAKaliD BV ANT or THB BooKI IfSOID raOM THB PBE«« OP THB

NoBTaiBN CiTim. Also, Now Rbadv— a Chbap Editiob. Sbvicnth
THOoaAND, I3ho., Cloth, Bbvblbd Boabdi— Pbicb tl.VS. ClotU, Qilt
EoosD, 4I.75. Bbnt Fbbb by Mail on Rickipt or Pricb.

NoticeM of the Preaw.

A p«Mi'4h«f'a printed entliniue nf (he nalp nf hU puMlcallona U Ufuslly loaie-
wlMt Imaginative ; to ate ' tadbare but aervlefiable quotation, "The wish la
often Duhcr to the th"' <> . Yet, In this riue, we we no reawin to doubt the-
entire verarity of Mew illy k Plet in announrini " AlUi thouaaiid '> on the

tilla Bag' «f this vnlHiiie. t la one which, we should Judfe, would be immensely
pepa l ar among the peopiv fur whom it wms written, and to whose aectional pride
and arejudioea It appeala In more waya than one In all reapecta It la essentially
lUwrn, and| ia moat, it hi praliewonliy. In two points particularly they ebal-

Soatbefn, audi ia moat, it hi praliewonliy

leage Boatbera admiration ; (n the Urat wscie, they are not absolutely trash, which
li qalte an advance on the majority of Buutbern verse ; aad In the aecomi plaee,
ihMr merit ia even aafllclent to dimly fttreahadow a time when the Bunny South
ahall achieve ioteilectaal emancipation in a literature of Ita own, and be n»

longer depeadcnl on New Engtapd fbr poetry as. well aa piety, polltiea and prima.
To the aulli9r*s own people, iherelbie, unjaded as yet by the worship of ma
literary idols, her booli must be peculiarly (rateftil ; even we of the North who-

sie net taiated by that sombre laaatieism that sees ao good in Nasaretb, amy
Had ia it mMeh t» admire and apataad Tlie verse ia graceful and Bowiag, and
the iBBgaage and sentiment prove the author to be a lady of reAned and cultivated
UMe. The story of IfrscAs-ilfeek— a sinry BuurnAilly trite to thuusaiidsaf aching'
hearts— is simply and grsceAilly told, and some uf the ahorter poema interaperaed —
Ualya Priaotaand ■<■<» a «■»<*— are not without pathos.— 7*« iloaail TaUe.

We regarii the poem aa one of very cimslderable merit, and at times tile au--
Ihoreaa aoara In the hMieal atraina of martial poetry.

The diif« of Ashby la one ef the moal buautifUi and touching elegiac einiaiona
we have ever read.

The ihvlbM Is Aallless, and la regard to lu poetical excellence, the ''Chvga-
of the Ugkt Brigade" was not conceived in a higher spirit of iasplratinn. —
GbMeuTillrver.

The landeBilltlle volume "Beeekenbrook" is a poem with a smooth veniflca-
tion. Oeeasioaally there are p s isa gs s of pathos and tenderness that almost liaa
to power, the death of MePhersun IW instance.— #. T, Day Bseik.

As a souvenir of the war, as well as Ibr its aMny IKCrary merits, this vohnM-
will eajoy a p4rmanent popularity. — Kldttaend IFUg.

Its perusal will doabileaa evoke many tcara of Ibnd and proud, tbonah aKNini-
Ad rcBMaibraac^ ftvm hearta whose yeamiaga are alill Ibr liie nowe dead.—

Beechenbrook ia, as It proAsses to be, a Boutheni Rhyme of the late war>
and, of eourae, a tale of aungied enlhiubum and sorrow. It is IWI of a naMral
patiias which will molsteu many eyes. — Malto. OejsaM*.

A touchlug poem descriptive of woman's sacriAce and suAbring, and dedicated
to every Soulliem woman who has been widowed by the war. It will be read
with iaterest aad And maav sympathetic responsesj especially in tluu seetioa in
has been but too nequent. '

which kindred experience
the handsome manner in «
production, and rcAecting the highest credit on the publishers

It la a pleasure in nibr to
the handsome manner in which the book is gotten up, being entirely a'Bal

KELLY & PIET, Printers ind Publiihtra,

N«. 11* Ualtlaaore M(«et, BaltlMin*.

.^O* « «»'4^^

OENBBAL

%mntwsiu %%tni% vm^ %xBhtt%,

JlUTMOMiaSO RBrsmSNOBMt

Wm. JteniM » Co. Modget nrether; Jrmtronot Cmt&r dt Co.

JtanUI MfOer Jt Co. jmhor Mrothero * Co.

1». Jf. XMew, Bto Jt Co. B*M, AtUnmm * Co.

Jlenry JT. Wm^UUl * Co. WoodwrO, JtaMMto * Co.

r. B. iMtew Jt Co.

> m» m t

Bring Genera) Intuiance Broken oa well u Agents, we are enabled
to effect Ell. kind* of Insurance (Life, Fire, M»rine an4 Accident)
in firat-BtaitConipanlee— Local or Foreign— o< the Umtd eurrmt
nUti. Parlie* Insuring, incor no additional cost by placing their
buiaMS in.onr bands, bat art sated much time and tronUa, and
f^ie«id «r the reiponsibllitf , which we assuQW when tb« placing of
{naitKMica ie entrniled to our judgment. As to our facilitiea for
making a judicious choice of Companies, and our desire to faUhfully
represent the ioteresu con^ded lo us, we respectfully refer to onr
patrons, wfaose names appear oh our card. Business can beefltected
through correspondene* whb o«r office as well as by personal appll^

cation.

' XirM IHSVltAlTCS'.

Our friends out of the city, interested in Life Insurance, can be
esfrolned by » local physician In good standing, by whom applloa-
tions ««;h lie forwarded to our Offit*. Insurance Pamphlets, Circulars,
Ac, furnished to nil parties desiring Information.

THB

<*.

BNoma t

mtatrmtg, C»l»r A Co.

tm th er * S Cu.

HTwU, AtMmtmt * €•.

A genu, we are rmiblcd

Marine sdjI Accidtnt)

-at the ImMd currnt

I (iqst bjr placing their
time and trouble, tad
M whan tb0 pUwing of
LB to our faclliUei for
our desire to faithfully
npe^trnlly refejr to our
lusinen can beeflfected

II as by personal appli'^

Life Insurance, can be
ling, by whom applica-
e Pamphlets, Circulars,
on.

BALTIMORE GAZETTE,

.*^'^ BALTIMORE, MD,

FUBltSHED DAILY AND TRt-WEEtClY

No.

lOa WKSHX BAtiXlMOKHJ HX.

TKUMS:
DA1t.r—Oiui Year $0i «to Mmttha $4JMt Three Moniha $»Jie.

TMI-WMBLT,

a.ooi

IMO.

-•••-

TBI BALTiiioas UJiisrti, a iMding CommorcUl Paper, U «ho iucceisor of
TBI Daiit Esobamoi, well known for the bold and fenrlen manner in which
It oppoted coercion, intll Its tditors were iinprlioneil, and tlic paper ttaelf
siippreMied. tai 0*i»tti hold* to the opinions of Tat EioBAaos. It»
reputation i* larger, its influence wider. It i« an independent paper, repro.
senting fairly and openly the »lew« of the people of Maryland. It la a flrrt
clasa Commereial Paper, ila reporU being apeoially and completely pre-
pared by a most experienced and eminent reporter.

An compared with other city papers of the eame »i«c, it has the largcat
circulation in Maryland and the Southern States; ha» decidedly the largest
adrertising patronage, and is the Bent Adrerttatmff MeMnm,

P. B. &@1IF@¥ & ®@><

IHPOBTEBS OF

240 Baltimore Street,

nuKOU n. unrar.
Boaamv a nxunr.

nXUBPH V. KXIOTT.

joHK a. Koamn.

}

9A£Viii^mi,

[HP"
ij

HULl, ATKINSON & CO.

^o. ;?tf« Baltimtn'e Street,

Kiar CoNiTAliTLV on IUro a L**ai a«b V*«iit» (took or

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC

To which they invite the attention of CASH and
PROMPT bnyerg.

M*^- «

THEY ARE PREPARED TO COMPETE WITH ANY MARKET.

» m*m ■

' Obdbm loUciled, which will b« filled with promptncM and

6d«Uty.

ROBIST HOLL,

SAii't HniTn,
S. Hauu IIorKin,

Tbos.' W. Atkmioii,
Wm. J. HotL, ■
Fud'kS. Bbowk.

& GO.

mU §a\m

street.

t V*«iit» f TOOK or

DOMESTIC

ityn of CASH and

WITH ANY MARKET.

lied with promptncM and

OS.' W. Atkirwh,
M. J. Hoti., ■
iid'kS. Bmwk.

GROVER & BAKER'S

Were iwtrded the Higheit Premiumi «t the State Faiit of

JVKir rOBK, VERMONT, SKW .ir.HSm, I'ENmVLVJXIA,

OHIO, ISDIANA, MUHlOAy, WISCOXSIS, IOWA,

KKSTVCKY, TKSSKaSBB, MlHSOVRl,

AtAHAMA, MlHSinSIPl't, riHOMSlA,

NORTH CAROLiyA, CALltOBfriA. ORKOOy,

*r TiiK r»iiii "' ""'*
J. .....<«•» I„»m»f, rmnMtn Jn»tHute, MHfUtnma XhsIUhI;

Ht Loult AarleultHrnt «»'« Merhanlrt' AimorMtoH,

London, Parii, Dublin, Linz, Besancon, Bayonne.St Duier, Chtlont

And they hiive b«en fUrni.hcd, by ipectal commiinrt, lo the
«.».« af Fmum. KBipr... of AM«rta. BmprcM t RnMta,

^-♦♦-•— : ■

The OaOVE* k BAKER «I,A9TIC-8TITCH SEWING MACIIINEfl a«.

• OPIItlOK TO A1.I. OTKIH. F0« TH« rOLLOW.KO R.AiOHi <

much jreWr variety of X'Vmachlne/lTmurmore Urn.. elM»ic .nd duraWe.
,/^t-l^r.fc ;l;S.eh";2$«irt^? w!:.i'id .«- .roXh.« any other

'"i'^Th.. ,UU=h, owing to the "|«-" {".J'ilil ^ SSJln'.' WimplTt'i
i. m^ t«l« mo.t »^"|X??* Si walhed and ironT until the?.n,'wo« out.
bmuw, «ven upon *S^''*''*';^^'!l*^>Z^tt, though It bi cut or Woken at ln»r-

"7 VMk,' other machl...., th.«. flut«i both «nd. of the ««n b, their own

»lliror .r.^m'^hTS.n''b2*do'n:'o« Jo other machine, «,d I. . great

i"Ji;5Ta^i^r?^F"'«'|S- »r merit, a. In-rumeot. ftr

». these machhie*, In ■*ii»^'" *"-"1 ' UMned «nd ptaetiMd, execute the

OMOVSH tr BAKSn, 8. U. OO.

in Baltimore Itrtet, BaltUBOte.

3
S

6-3

|9S)

^]^^)

•H

■P

l-H .

£3

•p

c>a^. ■

•s

-p

. ^ tn

^ th

'■p fe

^ s

•

& u P

=ti 33

^ ^ ^

•H O

}
t

«) -P |<

»■' .-H. a

*•' c3 SS

-p «^

cW. :^'"

» .

mmmm