IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Ui|21 |25 S Ht ^■' S lii IIP la Photographic Sciences Corporation /. ^/ "% • |||l.25 1^ 1.6 < 6" ► •s? l\ ^ <^ ^v O^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 4- fe* CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical IVIicroreproductions / Institut canidien de microreproductions historiquos TMhfileal and ■ibiloflraphio NotM/NotM taehnlquM M bibHograpHiquM TtM toti Th« Inatttut* haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia eopv which may ba bibliographieaNy unlqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may aignificantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chaekad balow. □ Colourad covora/ Couvorturo da eoulaur |~~| Covora damagad/ Couvorturo andommagAo □ Covora reotorod and/or laminatad/ Couvorturo roataur4a qt/ou pollieul4o □ Covor title miaaing/ La titra da couvorturo manqua □ Coloured mapa/ Cartaa gAographiquaa tt coulour D D D D CZl Coloured ink (i.o. othor than biua or black)/ Encra dm coulour (i.o. autra qua blaua ou noiro) r~n Coloured platae and/or illuatrationa/ Pianchee et/ou illuatrationa it coulour Bound with other meterial/ Ralii avac d'autrea documonta Tight binding may cauae ahadowa or diatortion along interior margin/ Lareliure aerrAo pout cauaar da I'ombro ou do la diatoraion lo tong do la marge intirioure Blank laavaa added during reatoretion mey appeer within the text. Whenever poaaibia. theae have been omitted from filming/ II ae paut que certainea pagea blanchea aJoutAoa lore d'une reatauratlon apparaiaaent dana la taxto, mala, loraque cola itait poaaibia. cea pagea n'ont pea «t« filmAea. L'lnatHut a microfilm* lo meinour exempleire qu'il lui e it* poaaibia da ae procurer. Lea ditaiis do cot exomplaire qui aont pout'Atro uniquea du point da vue biMiographique. qui pouvent modifier uno imego reproduite, ou qui pouvent exiger une modification dana la mithodo normele do filmage aont indiquAa d'daeaoua. |~n Coloured page a / Pagoe do coulour Pagea damaged/ Pagea andommagiaa Pagee reatored and/oi Pagea reataur*ea et/ou polliculioa Pagee diacoioured. atained or foxai Pagea dicoloriea, tachatAea ou piquAea Pagea detached/ Pagea ditachiaa Showthroughy Trenaparence Quality of prin Qualit* inigale do I'impreaaion Includea auppiamentary materii Comprend du metiriel aupplimentaire Only edition available/ Saulo Mition diaponible r~n Pagea damaged/ r~1 Pagee reatored end/or laminated/ rri Pagee diacoioured. ateined or foxed/ r~n Pagea detached/ rri Showthrough/ r~n Quellty of print veriea/ r~7 Includea auppiamentary material/ r~| Only edition available/ The poai ofti film Orif bogi the aion othi firat alon or II D Pagea wholly or partielly obacured by errata alipa, tiaauea. etc.. hove been refilmed to enaure the beat poaaibia image/ Lea pagea totaiement ou partiellement obacurciaa par un feuiiiet d'errata. une peiure. etc.. ont it* fiimiea i nouveeu de fa^on A obtenir ie meilleure image poaaibia. The ahal TiNI whi( Mai diffi entli bogi right requ metl Addltionel commonta:/ Commentairea suppiimantairea; Pagination as folkrni : (6U3]- 10, [1]-96. [11*87. [131-114. [llMp. Thia item ia filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Co document eat film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ei-doaaoua. 10X 14X 18X 22X 28X 30X y 12X 16X aox 24X 28X 32X TIm oopy f llin«d h«rt has bMn raproduowl th«nkt to thtt g«n«roaltv of: Library of tho Public ArohlvM of Canada L'axamplalra fNinA f ut roproduH grioa k la OAnAroaM da: La MbliotMqua das Archlvat publlquaa du Canada Tha Imagaa appaaring hara ara tha baat quality poaalbia oonaMarlng ttia condition and laglblllty of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract spaciflcations. Original coplaa In printad iMpar oovara ara fllmad baglnning with tha front oovar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluatratad impraa- slon. or tha back cover whan approprlata. All othar original coploa ara fllmad baglnning on tha first paga wHh a printad or llluatratad impraa* slon. and anding on tha iaat paga with a printad or llluatratad impraaalon. Tha last racordad f rama on aach microficha shall contain tha symbol ^^> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol y (moaning "END"), whichavar appilas. Laa Imagaa suhrantaa ont M raprodultaa avac la piua grand soln, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattatA da I'aiiamplalra film*, at w* conformM avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Laa axamplalraa orlginaux dont la couvartura Wi papiar aat imprlmte sont filmAs mi commandant INir la pramiar plat at an tarmlnant salt par la darnMra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'Impraaslon ou d'lHustratlon, so^t par la sacond plat, aalon la cas. Toua laa autraa axamplalras orlginaux sont fllmto an commandant par la pramlAra paga qui comporta una ampralnta d'impraaaion ou d'llluatration at an tarmlnant par la darnMra paga qui comporta una talla ampralnta. Un daa aymbolaa sulvants apparaftra sur la darnlAra Imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la cas: la aymbda -^ signifia "A 8UIVRE", la symbols ▼ signifia "FIN". IMaps, platas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly included in ona axpoaura ara fllmad t>aginning In tha uppar laft hand cornar. iaft to right and top to bottom, aa many framas as raqulrad. Tha following diagrams lllustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas, tableaux, ate, pauvant Atra fiimto A das taux da reduction diff Arants. Lorsqua la document aat trap grand pour Atre reprodult en un seul clichA, il est fllmA A partir da i'angle supArleur gauche, do geuche A droite. et do haut en baa, en prenant la nombre d'Imagas nAcessalre. Lee diagrammee auivants iliustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 II M r-v"* -Wf' TO ALL PARTIES WISHING wooD-crT iLiirsTRATionrs. The Hiibioribert have now In tuccewful operation Price'* Pittent prooeM of Photograph- ing directly unon the Wotxl Block, inttcod of the old tlow, tedious, expuntlve, and Inaccu- rate proccM of Hand-Drawing, PEEFEOT AOOVBAOT, OHEAPHEBS, AHD DISPATCH, ARI ITS PRINCIPAL RtCOMMINOATIONt. We are ready to furnloh, at the thortest notice, Illustrative Cuts of all kinds of Manu- factured Articles, Manufactories, Stores, Dwellings, Landscapes, Portraits, Ao, We are using this process in every department of Wood-Cut Illustrations, and shall be pleased to ■how our patrons PROOFS or ITS PBRFBCT SUCOB80. Partiei wishing work done, by leaving or sending their orders, will be promptly waited npon. Ambrotypes, Photographs, Dnguerrootypeii, Ac, copied upon the wood, anil correct Cuts furnished, so that parties out of the city need only send their orders, accompanied with the picture. We are thankful for the favour with which our efforts to introduce this great Improvement have been received. We shall endeavour to still deserve success. WATERS A TILTOIV, 90 Futton Mrect, (Upstairs) New York* HOLLOWAT'S OINTMENT AND PILLS. Borohlih EryilptlM, 8*lt Rhmin, Hit >U outr ikln db- •■■■■.livllntalinpiu* blood. Tb< OfntiiMnt FMchM ud ntutnlliM tba poUoD la tha vatna, whlla tha Pilla «ra (urulaad • carUln eur» for DyiMialoi Urer Cam- plaint, ana all alnctloni of llw BtaniMh and Boweli. •a* Bold at Ika Mann«Ktoriaa of uxtor HotiowAT, tu Maldan Laaa, Naw York, and by all napactobla DnifgliU and l>«al- ora la Madlclno throughout tha Uultad SUtn and tha rivllliad world, In boiM at ii mnta, U canla. and II aach. N, B.— DlrectkiM for Iha guld- anca of pallenta In avery dljordar are ailUad to aach box. Cbielnnatl. For W-V-KAMBBftOo.'! ADVBKTIaiHXNT Or QRINDINO MILLS, 8aa Fart I.,botwean pp. 18 k >(. THE AMERICAN GUIDE BOOK FOB 1859. BRITISH COMMERCIAL LIFE IH8UBAHGE CO. London k Amsrioa. x»i»M»im isao. OaplUl, MOOCOOO, AMD A LAIOE AoenBinlat«4 Barplna. Thla Compkny hu bean in •ucceMftil operation nearly 40 yean, and hat paid fur olaimi 14,300,000. No extra chaife for orota- Inr the Atlantlo. Loam granted on Pollclea. Lanto Bonnaea on Folic lea on Participating Scale. Frazer Hiver. California, and apecial riaka taken. CUrf Qflea in AwurlM, WWalllt.,*«wTork, OBO. M. KNEVITT, General Agent, for U. S. and Canada. BILLIARD TABLES. Improyed Billiaxd Tallies and Combination Cusnions. Protected by Letters Patent, dated Feb. 19, 18S6; Oct 28, 1856; Deo. 8, 18S7; Jan. 12, 18S8. un'as otTered to the sclentiflc Billiard players as combining speed nilh trutli, never before obtained in any Bil- liard Table. Balearooms, Nob. TS6 and T88 Broadway, New York. Manufactory, No. 68 Ann Street. (yOONNER &, OOLLANBER, Sole Manufacturers. Il ■(^A ■ "tW^ •i ii U^ ■rr ,r «, .'.'i a :»>*.;,*/■ ■••-ft;'/ ^1:5-' li; ^*1 1 ■ ' -' - . J i.y . . . . ■ .: ;I "- ■ ■ t I \ -' -'■■v^- ■» * THE BREVOORT HOUSE, FIFTH AVENUE, CORNER OF EIGHTH ST., NEW YORK, Strictly upon tlio European plan, furnit;liing mcnls at all hours, guests puying only for what tlioy call for. ALBERT OLARK, Propri«tor. Clarendon Hotel, UNION PLACE, COR. OF I8TH STREET, to •»■ NEW TORK. TIiIh nott>1 i« dellghtAilly (itnntcd near tlie Union Park, Academy of Mnsic, and other p1acv8 uf attraction. Tht; anartmtmtt, from the vlnffle room to the iiilte of any number ' ^S^S^S^N^^'^N^S^^^»^^^ '^^i^k^ OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI BROAD GAUGE RAILROAD! roR LoniiTille, Vinoennes, Eransyille, Cairo, and SA-IISTT LOUIS! OONNBOTINO AT RT. LOtlH rOH ALL PLAOU IN MEMPHIS, VIOKSBURO, NATCIIBZ, AND NEW ORLEANS ; AT C A I R OI For Mcmphii, Ylokibnrg, Naioh«B, and AT NEW ORLEANS FOR GALVESTON & ALL PLACES IN SOUTHERN TEXAS. Notice* — The attention of ncreons omimting West is called to the fine Timber Lands between Cincinnati and Vinconnos. Hickory, Black and White Walnut, Sugar Maple, Poplar, Oak, and Ash, abound. To those who prefer Prairie Lands of a supe- rior quality, and at favorable rates, a fine opportunity u offered for selection between Vincennes and St Louis, with all the benefits of a mild climate. Farmers on the line of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, hare the adranUge of the two great western mar- kets— Cincinnati und St. Louis. , ,, ASK FOR TICKETS VIA OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD. OOXnCFOXiT t Broad Gauge Saloon Cars through fVom Cincinnati to St Louis withodt chanoi. Omlt onb Chamob or Gars between Cincinnati, Louisville, EvansTillo or Cairo. Trains Leave Ciliciiuiati in Connection with Trains of ail the Eastern Bailroals. ONE THROUGH TRAIN ON SUNDAY. THROUaH TICKETS To the West and South, via Cincinnati and Ohio & Mlodwippl Railroad, can be proonred at all the Eastern Railroad Ticket Offices, and at all the principal Stations on Roads east of Cincinnati, and at the several Offices of the Company at Cincinnati. W. H. CI.E1IIEIVT. General Superintendent. P. -W, STBADER, General Ticket Agent, Cin. • I mPOBTAXT TO XU0SAIT8 (JOINrt TO THE CANADA8 AND THE WESTERN STATES. iMnd Agency and RegiHry Offictt for thti tals tf Canada Kandii, jHirtindtani of whicK^ an %etU at reliable itforrnation, can mm h<> ob- tiiuiHl at J^KooKM & Kkak, 209 i'iccndilly, London, England, which /fuiue M in amnectum toith the well-knoum I^tnd Agmcy and Agri- otdiural JiiitablithtMnt GAZETTEER, DIREOTORY AND QUIDE, CANADA, THE WESTERN STATES, AKO ^rincipl Cities on t|( iSfaboart. IH FOUR PASTS. PART I.— UPPER AND LOWER CANADA. II.— SCENES AND SCENERY. Ill— THE UNITED STATES. IV.— TFIINOS AS THEY ARE IN 1859. |, ILLUSTRATED WITH UPWARDS OF FIRST EDITION. ners, iiw«D," a pre- NEW YORK : H. BAILLIERE, 290 BROADWAY, AND 210 REGENT ST., LONDON. MONTREAL: B. DAWSON A SON. GLASGOW: D. JACK TO THE READER. A» thU witik \» iImIktimI to b« umAiI Mi IntarMtlng to rMiUn on both iIiIm of th« At- Unllx, th« aitthur, lii nmipllInK It, Iim •n» Kuro|>«, ttlll U It l>«llev«« nawi ami that, whIUt tlio artlolva, Kntltlml "Ttiinii* aa thxy ara In INOU," an mora Ini- ni«ota|Mia«(l to ba oonvvraant, yat, from tha IntrtMluotlon of Infurmatlon having apaclal rafaranua to tha aama aubjccta aa thay extit In Kritain— and by a comparlion of th«t« aa thay ara In tha two cuuutrloa — It la hopml that Amvrloau raadura will And auch artlolet both Intaroatlng and In- ttruRtlve. In tha optnlona oxpri'aaed, or deaorlptlona of " man and thlnga" gtren, tha author do«a nut lay olalm tu olthor Infallibility, or any graat lltarary merit ; but to a ^iucere dealre to prvaent tuoh In an lutalllglblo, unblaaaad, and dltlntarvatad mannar; and wh«rc lit haa happened to err aa to any purtloular facta— or dlffur from any In tha oplnlooa exproiMtid — ho oinlini that audi may be attributed to error In Infurmatlon received, and In Judgment — than to error uf Intention, to gratify any penonal, or prejudloed preoonoelved notlona^ In attempting to dctorlbo and llluttratc ao Taat a territory aa thia work ombraoea, tt haa boon found lm|H>aalblo— even with oonalderable atatatance rendered him — for tlie author to produce original doicrlptloni uf every place noticed In time for thla edition of the work ; eonicquently, he haa availed himaelf of extraota fk-om aome uf the moat reliable authort- tlca having refcrunco to the diitricta not yet vlalted peraonally by him. Amongat tlieae, ho mcntiona LIpponcut'a and Ilayward'a Oaxetteera, the Coimo|M)litan Art Journal, Franoia'a Guide to Now York, and Ilunt'a Merohanta' Magazine, and to a work by Mr. W. V. 8mith of lialtlmoro, on tha " Railroad Celebration of 1807," fur Information pertaining to the State*, ond " Lovell't Directory" and " Key to Canada," aa regnrda Canada. Any other aourcea of Information are mentioned where cxtrocta IVum them occur. By thla meant, the Information, given aa a whole. It rendered more complete. It la, howover, the inten- tion In future edltlont of tlila work, to bring the Information reapeotlug particular dlatriou down to later dntut, from pornunal obacrvatlun and experience. < I ' Si 6 TO THE RKADKR. The author hat confiilence in tiibmttting the tlhiitratlonii for piiblio approval, an ho haa endeavoured to secure the best at eoininond where already in existence, and also by hav- ing other* engraved from photographic and pencil sketches taken specially for this work. To preserve, as far as possible, all the truthful details of the photographic views, they have been re-photographcJ upon wood by Messrs. Waters A Co. of Now York, by Prlco'* patent process, and engraved from such by them, so that the iUustrationi presented from these, faitlifully illustrate each scene represented. A few typographical and clerical errors occur here an j there, which were not observed (ill after being printed off; these, however, will be rectified iu future editions, which, it is intended, to extend and improve. The work has been divided into parts, each part containing one class of matter and an index to contents, so that readers may all the more easily find out any particular informa- tion or illustration, they are in search oC >Y :>i I, .'. ' . 'I .<■ i- vr ' -III ' '■' - ■■ . .-: ^- ,1 .-• ! J. 1 I'll ■'. ■ .■>■ i« !■ •'^■, .. .'■/ 1 f ifiiJtiirffi'iiifiiMiillfiiiillii'ii tlMi'i«n\it i^niwiiiii ( not observed ]B, 'whioh, it ii natter and un sular informa- GENERAL INDEX OF CONTENTS, ARRANaED IN PARTS. ^rxixi-^ l-^v.*^-<~> ^, CONTENTS OF PART I. PAQI Addinaton Road, free lands. 37 Agriciilture of Canada. .... 84 Banks in Canada and as' ts. 42 Banks in O. Britain and Ire 42 Canada, guncr'l inrormation 81 Consuls at Montreal 16 Climate 84 C Conditions of, iVee lands... 89 Crown land HKcnts 80 Canadian bantcii and agents. 42 Crops, rotation of 85 Distribution of intcst. est's. 46 f Expense of a family 86 ^ Emigration tcov. omcers... 41 . Free lands of government. 87 Free lands, conditions 89 ^^. l-9i> , Game of the country 87 Qovernment ft-e« lands 87 .Oorornment land agents.. 89 i Government cmigt'n otBo'a. 41 Uamllton, C. W 26 Hastings Roud, free lands.. 87 Income A expend, of prov. 88 Kingston, C. W 28 Laws, Municipal Institution 82 ^og house, cost of 85 London, C. W 26 I Land agents, government. . !''' iljunds, wild, cost of cl'ring. 85 Montreal, C. E 11 Money -order oi&ce system. . 44 •Naturalization 81 riaa Ottawa, 0. W 17 .Offices held by settlers 86 Postal regulations in Can.. 45 Quebec 7 I Rideau canal and locks .... 21 ^Religion 84 iSettlers. information for. . . 85 ■ Sale iHla occupation of lands 40 , School lands for sale 41 Toronto, C.W 88 Trinity Collese. 88 Taxes payable 88 ' Victoria Bridge 18 Wild beasts, tt troublesome 87 ' ,Wages to agriculturists.... 3d' .Work during winter. 86 ■ Quebec 7 Montreal— The entire City 12 Grout St. James Street.. . 15 Place d'Armes 15 Beaver Hall 15 Bonsecour's Market 15 Victoria Bridge 14 nxTnrts&iioira or pabt l Toronto.— The entire City . 22 St. Lawrence Hall 22 The Normal Academy ... 24 King Street 23 Trinity College 24 Yonge Street 23 Crown Lands' Office, and Mechanics' Institution. 22 Ottawa. — Lower and Central Town. 18 Upper Town 19 Locks on Rideau Canal. . 81 Kingston 28 London 87 Hamilton 85 t/ CONTENTS OF PART II. f^' I ^^^ Albany, Scenery between New York and.^. 64 Alleghany Mountains, The. 7 Altmnnuiit, Alleghanies.... 13 Avon Springs 62, Ballaton Spa 6l' Baltimore to Cincinnati.... 7 Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 22 ^Beauharnois, St. Lawrence. 45 Bottom lands in Missouri. . 28 »- Breezes on the Prairies. . . . 29 , Burning Springs, Niagara. . 77 ^ Canadian boat-song 79 .Canandaif ua Lake 62 Cape May 48 Cassidv's Ridge 15 Catskitl Mountains 53 Caughnawauga, St. Law- rence 45 Cedar Rapids, St. Lawrence 45 Crooked Lake 52 .Chauderie Falls, Ottawa.. . 82 Cheat River and Valley .... 13 Cincinnati to Columbus... 19 Clarksburg 17 Clifton Springs 51 Climate of Missouri Valley, 88 Cohoes Falls 48 Columbia Bridge Susqueha. 23 Columbia Springs 62 Columbus to Cincinnati .... 19 Columbus to Baltimore 21 Columbus to Philadelphia. . 21 Columbus to New York .... 21 Cranberry Summit 18 Cumberland, Alleghanies.. 18 Davenport, Iowa 80 Descending the Rapids.... 48 Falls of the Chauderie 88 8 GENERAL INDEX OF CONTENTS. FttlUof Iho Ridt'im H'i FnlU, I.ittltt il-i FalUoflUthopa 4S FallH of (}('iii>KirRitil N.l Gcnuva Luke 62^ MontrunI toOtlawa,|lt'rKiv'r 7U Uratton Junction... Grunt Coliimbiu Ur!ii(e. -Hnriior'ii Ferry, Virginia. . . 10 HiiilHon River A4 rAOR Mammoth Care, Kentucky. Miami Viillev and River .... 11) Minnehnhu Fnllit 8U 4sjr River St. Lawrence and Rapid* 42 River RuM(|u«hnnnn, I'a. . . . i!3 MiHHiH!4i|)|iilt'dge,Rockl«rU iio 'River (Upper) Ottawa H4 MiHNiNHlbpi MiitHour!, Mineral Trip on Upper. HI lineral Renuur- cea of. 25 MUauuri, Valley of the 27 Monongnhela nnd Tygnrt'a Valley Riverit 10 ^Haratoga Springs Montniorenci FalU Indian Lake 02 ^ Indian Mound, Moundiiville 17 1 Iron liridge— the largest in America 1(K Mountain, the Iron 25 Mount Vernon 40 Nahant 4U Nebraska and Kansas 2U New Lebanon Springs 61 pAoa (ollow.. 5(1 New' York to Albany 54 Moil of the Misnourl Volley. 27 Niagara liurning Springs. . 77/Sourco of the Hudson 08 Iron Mountain, Missouri... 25'li Niagara Falls 72, tSprings A Watering places. 4B Islands, the Thousand 4.3^ 'Niagara Falls, Routes to. . . 7H St. Anthony, Minnesota 87 Jeiferson's Rock 10^, Niagara Susi)cnHiim Hridgo 7U Steaming up the Mississippi 81 Junction to Wheeling and ^.Niagara to Tbouxand Isl'ds. 40 Steaming up the Missouri.. 2S Parkersburg 15 ^Ottawa River, Ti'ip up the. 7ti.iSt. Francis' Lake 45 Juniata, Scenery of the. ... 28 Parkersburg; IH -St. Lawrence River, Rapids. 42 Kansas and Nebraska 27 Fossaic Falls 01 St. Paul. Minnesota 85 Kautcrskill Falls 55 Palapsco River. Scenery of. 8 St. Paul to St. Anthony's Kinttwood Tunnel 15 Philadelphia to I'lttuburg. . . 23 Falls 87 ,, La Chine, St. Lawrence .... 45 'Pictured Rooks, Lake Sun'r 40 Superior Lake 40 Lake Canandaigua 62 I'iedinont, Alle^rhany Ht na 12' Suetpiebanna River. 28 Lake George 51 Pittsburg to Philadelphia. . 21 Lake Mahopitc 02 Platte River aixl Valley .... 28 Lake of the Thousand Isl'ds 43 ^Plymouth Rock 40 / Lake of the Two Mountains 80 Po'int of Rocks Lake Pepin, Mississiiipi .... 85 Potomoo Valley and River. Ii Fall* i7 Trmton Fall*. The Cuncadeii }mt« MountttiM. Ti|)-To|iHouiie.... The Wllley Uuu»e. .. 47 U CONTENTS OF PART III. /^^ / "~ / '^ Biatimore, City of r>U Boston, City of. fi <' I'hilttdolphia Ti'J ^ " Portland. HI City of Pittaburg 71 " St. Loui* 78 L, " City of Washington 47 Detroit, City of. 9'i KlevutioHR, in America.... 18 , rOcurge Wuithington IB Uovornment of U. Statca.. 21 Hon. James Buchanan 22 liliiiois, Stiito of. 101 lowu, 8tuleof loa Madison, City of 100 MichiKun, State of lOA Milwuultee, City of 90 Minno80tu, Turritory of. . . .112 Missouri, State of lot) Mountains in America 17 ^Mount Vernon 50 New Orleans, City of 69 Patent Utiice, Washington.. SI Philadelphia, City of 6S Pittsburu, City of 71 ^'ortlttud; City of 1)1 ^'rvsiduuts ut United States 23^ J{ivers in America 13 St. Louis, City of 78 ;riio Capitol at Washington. 48 ^Tlie Great Lukes 20 ^.United States. Account of.. 17 United States (Government. 21 United States' Presidents.. 23 ' rUnited States' Oov. Depart's 23 -Washington, City of. 47 Wheeling, Virginia 70 ^Wisconsin, State of. 104 niiUSTSATiom of pabt m. George Washington 16 ■^ Hon. James Buchanan. .... 22 .. New York — View of City 2.i Broadway 27 Park and City Hall 28 University 29 Halls of Justice SO Custom House 30 Merchants' Exchange.... 31 Free Academy 82 ^Private Residence 83 The Cooper Institute 88 The Hospital 84 La Farge House 85 New York— y Trinity Church All SouN' Church High Bridge — A([iieduct. Bank of tlie Republic . . . . Phelan's Billiard Rooms. Washington— The Capitol. The Patent Ofiice ^altimoro— View of City.. New Orleans — View of Canal Street . . . . The French Cathedral... Avenue in the Cemetery . Ohio River — Susp. Bridge. . -Wheeling, Virgmia Pittsburg— View of City.. . 71 Cincinnati— View of City. 80 Third .Street 77 FourthStreet 80 Masonic Temple 78 National Theatre 81 iCleveland— View of Superior Street. 85 Buffalo- Looking up Main Street. 88 From the Creek 89 Detroit— View of City 93 Chicago- View of City .... 95 Milwaukee— View of City.. 97 Madison, View of. 99 /-94 CONTENTS OF PART iV. P'D, * J American Auction Rooms. . .SO « Broken Banks 28 fc Distances from Quebec .... 95 American Bank. Notes 23^, Business, Past, Present & rf)(>mestic Servants 71 • American Banks, Banking, in Future 88 > Dress and Clothing 49 American Hotels 11 ,Canada, Trade with 32 1 Drinking Customs 86 ^ American Houses Oli Curs on American Railr'ds. 41 .Drinking. Wiitor 36" ^American People, Degenc'y 62, .Cars, Railroad Sleeping 48 J)rinks, Refreshing 38 'American Railroad Curs... 41, Church Attendance 49 JSducational Inst, of Am. . . 74 American Railroad Conduc. 45 .Churches in America 49^ Elections in America 76 American Railr'd Locomo. . 43; Church Psalmody 50 Exchange and Kx. Offices. . 22 American Railroads 40 Citizenship 64^ Exemption Laws of U. 8. . . 83 Amusemeivts and Sports. . 59 Clergymen in America 72 Express ! ,^5 Attendance lilt Church 49 ,('lothing and Dress 49 Express Companies 56 ^ Auctioneer, the American. . 31 Commercial Agencies 17 Extracts from Bk-Xote Rep 24 Auction Rooms in ,N. Y'ork. 30 Commercial Colleges 29 Failures in 1857 and 1858. . 90 '^ ^ Automaton Oven 33 Commercial Retrospect.-. . . 88 .Fares from New Y'ork 92"* Bakeries, Mechanical 33 Comparative Time Indicator S^^ares from Quebec 9,i — Ballot Voting in America.. 7ti kConsuraption of Ice 40 LFurmers in Winter Time,. . 58 Bank-Note Rejjorters 24, Curiosities in Bank Lit'tnre 25 Fire Engine Establishment. .53 Bank Notes of^Americu. .. . 23 f Cutting Ice on Rockl'd L'ke 38 Fire Engine, Steam hf>. Bunking Lit'ture, Cur'ties.. 25 Debt Collecting 19 Fruit, Prices of 70 , Bonking, Wild-Cut 21 Declaration of Intentions. . 64 Furniture Manufacturing. . 83 Banks and liunking 19 Degeneracy of Am. People. 62 Hoe k Co.'s Print. Machine 7 Billiards and Chess 61 -Dinercnce "in Time, Canada. 86 »Hotels in America 11 Bookseller, The Railroad... 45' Difference in Time, U. 8.. . 85 ^Household Affairs 67 y Booksellers' Trade Sales... 81 Distances from New York. 92j( Housekeeping, Expenses of. 68 -' -vjUc 4^.Indio*tor, Time 6» ■Quakar'BcUlenient 79iTima Indimtor % Intention*, Ueolaratlon of . . 6r liailroMl ^Am.) Locomotive 48 j^'ime in Europe and Amer Lawn, Uiury. iiH tioni. ^Lovlatlian Print. Machine. ^ Locomotive. The Amnrican. 48 ^Railroad SleepinR Can ^ Lumbvr and Lumbermen rAoa Puabing Trade on (he Care. 4A MM Tbe Shaken 7B 8« ' . , , 86-" Intereit. Ugal ShI Railroad Can 41 Trade Salea 81 Lawn, hxemption, of U. 8. 88 Railroad Conductor 46 4'rade with Canada 89 Railroad Rofreahment Sta- , iTrade Protection Soolctlee.. 18 47 •Trotting Matchoa 59 48 V' Two Forty" flO ftl Railroada in America 40 >UiurT Lawi of America. . . 38 X Moat, I'ricea of 70 Railroad Newaman 4A Vegetables, Price* of 70 ^Mechanical Oakeriei 88 rRapida, Rafta running fil Noting by liallot 76 Mercantile Agenclei 18 .Remahing Drinki 88 ^ater and Water Drinking 8f J Newaman, The Railroad. . . 4n< RefVeahment Htat'n* In Am 47 Wayaide Refreah. Station. . 48 ^ New York Auction Rooma. 80 Reporter!. Rank-Note 94 ' Who are Yankeeat 8ft^ / Peter Funk Auction Rooms 83 Shaken, The 70 Wild Cat Banking 91 ^ Printing Maoh., IIoo A Co.. 7^ Sleeping Cars on Railroads. 48 'Winter Evenings S8 PntteHitionul Men in Amer,. 71 rSlelghing in Winter Time, . 67 rWintcr Time in America . . 67 V Protection to Trade 17 rf " " _-_...„.. '< Paulmody In Churches 6Q^I: , Protection to Trade 17^8ports and Amusements. . . 60 f Worthy of Credit 18 ,8ieam Fire Engine espTankees, Who aref 80 nxmnuTioin or pabt it. American Locomotive 44 Vice-outting at Rookl'd Lake 80 (Shaken Dancing 81 -norican " Riickor" OOljiunninK the Rapids 63 Steam Fire Engine 65 American Railroad Car,... 421 Shaker Costume 80 [Time Indicator 88- ^Uoe A Co.'a Print. Machine if f /y ADVERTISEMENTS AND BUSINESS DIRECTORIES O j^ I ) Will he found, on reference, at follow: — pAoi rial Baltimore 62. 'London, 0. W 16 Buffalo 90 Milwaukee, Wis 08 y^ Canada, generally 78 Ty, of •!!««•■• h w»II •■ M—t, U mu«r •( all tlnim (nmmm • |>»oulUr li)t«ri'»t to •liuuat awry un«. On Ita MvliU, antl ■roun- raltar of Ameri- ca," with which the namei of the brart) Wolfe, Montcalm, and MontKomery mait ever re- main oonnfotcd. The citadel ■tand* on what ii called Cape Diamond, 8 fi feet «lM>ve the level of the tea, and inoludea about 40 acre* of ground. The view from off the citadel l« of the mott picturesque and grand character. Tliere will be teen the majettlo Ht Lawrence, winding Itt coune for about 40 mllet, whilH the background of the panoramic scene it filled up by extensive plaint, running bnckwardt to lofty mountains in the distance, with Point Levi opposite, and the Island of Orleans In the distance, whilst the junction of the Ulver 8t Charles, and the Orent River, form that magnificent sheet of water, where numerous vessels are to be seen riding at anchor during the summer season. A walk around the rampai-ts of the citadel will well repay the stranger, by a magnifi- cent change of scene at every turn he takes. The city Itself bears all the resemblance of a mm^ gt'HIIKC, 1'I.AINN or AJWAIUM, HTO. Mnmtfly fiir, In walkltiK frurii I^»w»r Txwn Ut Vf>\<»r Town, Mior* |>afll.'iilarly, l<>w»r Town l« wbar* all Ilia •lil|i|>lnK liu«ln«M of th« |H.rl U «arrl«rl--«nil •vary il»«i!rl|itlun of kihmI*— In Imiort, At quabM, tli« Kr»at«r |K)rtll»aU uf tha u|>«llail with llrllUh, Anivrb'an, ami Canaijlan |ia|)vra, ami whloh a atrauifar may vUlt for a abort tlni*, firaa of fbur^n. Tli<> tourlat will And a (>hi'a|i an, publUhixl by Mr. HIn •lair, lMH)liM'lli>r, llu'ri'. In which hi> will Mml full <|ptalU of all niatt«ra of lnt«ra*t worthy of Ix'liiK tUllMil lu autl arountl tha «Uy. t''ruui U w« avail uufMlvaa of Iha follow Ian ntraet:-~ ^ " A niornlnK'a rnniblK (o tha Halna of Abraham will not fall to r«rall hUtorioal racollac- tlon* ami to gratify a taato for iMautlfUl icanary. On laavlng Ihn St, l,ountim'a |iuriulng a (llrt'rtlon to thn right, Id blm approach i>n« of tha Marti'llo Towcra, wlipiioo hi) may fnjoy n beautiful vlaw of th« Ml. lAwn-nuo, A llltli* Iwyoml let him ano'iul tha right Itank, and ha raachaa tha cvbtbrntail I'lalna of Abraham, nrar tha aiHit wliara OnniTul Wulfi* fall. On th«t highoil grounl, aurrounib'il by wn<*<'a, ran olaarly Im> trnrt'il out th« ri'iibt wharo lin rwi'lvcd tha fatal wouixl, ll« wa» oarrlail a faw yanU In thn ronr, unlii< •il nguiiiKt a rank*, carried thl* detached work. Th« troop* In the gnrrlaon arc ujtually reviewed on the I'luln*. Tlie tourUt may farther anjoy a lieiiullful ride, jAfi him Icnve by Ht, TionI* (late and pa** tha I'lalna, and he will arrive at Marchmont, the property of John Ollmour, E*«i. Tlie former proprietor, HIr John Ilarvay, went to conaldernble expense In laying out the groiiiid* In a plenilng and taateful manner. Ills fuccc*M)r, Hlr Thomn* Noel Illll, nl*o rv*lded li<>re, and duly appreciated It* bcnutle*. Tlio view In front of the houae I* grand. Here the river widen*, and aiaume* the n)>pear' nnce of a lake, wIiom Rurfnco la enlivened by numerou* merchant-ahlp* at anchor, and Im- men*e raft* of timber floating down. On leaving Mnrchmont he will pa** *omc beautiful villa*, vhone pnrk-ilko grountl* remind one of Kngland, and from aome point* In which nru conmianded view* worthy of a painter** study. Among tht>*e villa* may be mentioned Wolfe»fleld, Spencer W.M)d, and Woodfleld. The Inst wa* originally built by the Calhollo Bishop of Samoa, and, from the several addition* made by *ub«e(|urnt proprietors, had it somewhat irregular, though pictures4]ue appearance. It was burnt down, and rebuilt In a fine regular Rtyle, It i* now the residence of Jiinie* Oibb, K*m Quebec, on the south side of the St. Lewis roud, and slopes irregularly but beautifully down the clltT which overhang* the St Lawrence, It is thirty-two acres In extent, and the grounds were tastefully laid out by the late Major Douf^ass, U, S. Engineers, whose tnste nnd skill had been previously shown In the arrangement of Greenwood Cemetery, near Now York." QUmiKc;, LAKK RT. cflXMMM, ITO. U««ln( IhU iMAUllful l M lk« •iIk* oI lb* bnitli* ritlnii from lh« ihur*. Tha luurIM, ln*lf»il •*< ralurnliif Ity • ri«il (ixoduvtlhK ttifvMyk » mtfoi ifl^^ 8«. Umla RiMil <^ Mu«Im«, wonUI iIo Utur Ity #i)nt(NuliiK >•'* ''^*, ||lkIm H'l i(riiU«tUm^ tlu Hi^K*« ot U>r«>tU aiKl ( iMrloalxmrK ar* ■•iitia|ilaur<> «i^.>U'«-ing ih" aulitirh of Si Jiilin, un Ilia hank* of Ui« Hi Charlaa aUntU lit* Uvrnral ll>n|iiul, l| i>f avary i|«a«r(|iUi)n. A tlay* •itfuralon to lii« ni>i Uava liy A u'vliwli, *. m., ami l» talla |)rii«Uliina for Ilia lrl|». Aflar laavInK th» I'alaKa Oata, tha alia of thu furiiiar trilan>lani'* |>ala«« la paaaail. Mr. lllKiit waa tha laal IntrinUiit wliii raalijed In li '. o/ Tlia itiiMi I'Iraaaiit riMil III (.iiraUn la nIonK Ilia lianlia uf tlia Ht. (iiarlaa^ On arriving al ' the vlllttKe, lliR lii!at vltiw la on lli« ii|i|HHilt« Imiik. Tli» fall la In tti* f<>r*Krani|a lonK, ami ona liroail, ami U iHvIiIimI Into two (larta liy proJcnllnK latlKi*«rv« *uch road. Another udvantaxe wa* tha proximity of the church, whence thu bell *ounded tha tuti*ln of alarm, whenever huatlla attempt* ware mmle by the Indian*, and where tha luhabltantt mlllud In defence of their poeacaalona. Within tho cltndal are tha varlou* maf^dne*, *tore-hou*«*, and other building* required for thu aooonimodation of a nunicrou* f{arrl*iin ; and Immediately ovnrhan|fini( the precipice to the *outh. In n nio*t plctureique *ltuntlon, looking perpendicularly downward*, on tha river, *tand* a beautiful row of building*, containlni^ the iiieas room* and barrack* for iha officer*, their (tulile*, and *|Hiclou* kitchen*. The fortification*, which ara continued round tho whole of the Upper Town, coniUt of baatlon* connected by lolly ourtoln* of aolld maionry, and rnmpart* fri in 'ii to 86 feet In height, and about tho lame in thiokneaa, brittllng with heavy cannon, round tower*, loophole wall*, and ma**ive gate* riourrlng at certain diatance*. On the iuinmit of the rampart*, from Cape Diamond to tho Artillery Barrack*, ti a broad covered way, or walk, uted ai a place of reoreotlon by the Inhabitant*, and commanding a mo*t agreeable view of the country toward* tha we*i Thl* paiaet over the top of Ht. John'* and Ht. Louis Oate, where there i* ttatloned a lergcant'a guard. Above Hi John'* Oate, there I* at *unset one of the ronat beautiful view* imaginable. Tlie Si Chariot gunibolllng, a* It were, in tho ray* of the departing luminary, the light (till lin- gering on the *plre* of Loretto and Charlctbourg, until It fitdo* away beyond tha lofty mouutaint of Bonhommt and I^nonthuan, prciout uu cvouiug toeue of gorgooui and aur ,f 10 QUEBEC, FORTIFICATIONS, ETC. palling iplendonr. The city, bi-ing defended on iti lond lide by tti raraparti, Ik piotcctod on the other ildei by a lufty wall and parapet, baaed on the cHfT, and coniini'noin); ncur the 8t. Charlei at the Artillery Bnrracks. Thcio form a very extcniive rangu of huildlnKa, the part within the Artillery Oatu V>elng occupied a« barraoka by the otHuera aMM room. The part without the gate ia uaed U magazinei, itore-houica, and office* fur the ordnance department. The circuit of the fortificationa, encloaing ttie Upper To wn, ia two mlica and three-quart rra ; the total circumference outaide the ditchea and apace rctervud by government, on wliiuh no houae can bo built on the wcat aide, ii about 8 mllea. Founded upon a rock, and in Ita higheit parts overlooking a great extent of cr ^ntry— between 800 and 400 miles from the ocean — in the midat of a great continent, and yet itnl — and yet, in winter, aniarting witli the cold of Hiberia — governed by a people of ditfi-ront language and habita from the ninaa of the population — oppoacd in religion, and yet leaving that population without taxes, and in the full enjoyment of every privilege, civil and religious. 8uch are the prominent features which strike a stranger in the City of Quebec I" t ) MONTHEAL. 11 CITY OP MONTREAL, C. E. TiiK itronijer, on •ppMaolilng Montreal, either from Quebec by the •teamer, or croulng ovcr'frntn the oppoaite tide of the river, in coming from the States, will at once be iin- proMoed favorably with .the aituatlon of the city, the bualueB»-like appearance it protenta, and the piuluresque scenery by which it in lurrounded. Montreal iit tlie most populous city in Canada, and in every respect must toke the firat rnnk in the province. It I* lituated on the hlaiid of Montreol — which is represented as the giirden of Canada, being the richest soil in the province— at the head of ocean steamship nnvigation, and beyond which no largo sailing vessels go, although smaller vessels pass on, via the canals and St. Lawrence, to the west. The city is built of a gray limestone, having very much the appearance of Aberdeen griiiiite, with buildings of great solidity and excellence in design. The chief business street U that of Notre Dame, whilst Great St James street exceeds it in handsome buildings, be- sides being much broader. (See engraving.) The wliolesale stores are situated on the wharves alongside the river, and streets running parallel therewith. Montreal is the port at which arrives the great bulk of the importations from Oreat Britain and other places abroad, being there either re-sold or transhipped to all parts of Canada East and West ; consequently a large wholesale trade is carried on at Montreal in all descriptions of goodie In the conglomerate mass of buildings there concentrated, are stores, churches, groceries, and nunneries, nil intermixed with each other, whilst in the streets may be seen the manu- facturer's cart driving alongside of the Catholic priest in his " buggy," the merchant's clerk hurrying on past a sister of charity or nun at large, and Frenchmen, Scotchmen, Ocrmans, and Americana, all elbowing each other in the busy streets of the city par excellence. No better sample of this heterogeneous gutliering is to be seen than by paying a visit to the Hue Notre Dame, or Bonsecours Market, whore, on a Saturday night, a mixture of English, French, German, and broad Scotch, will f ill upon the ear with peculiar effect. Although one of the finest views of the city is obtained from off the mountain, undoubt- edly tlie most extensive one is to be had from tlie top of the Catholic cathedral, in the Place d'Arines. By poying 1». stg. you will be conducted to the top, and, if a fine day, the view is such as will well repay the ascent. There are some very liandsnme churches in Montreal. At Beaver Hall, St^ Andrew's Church (Presliytcrian), and the Unitarian Church there, form two of the most prominent in the city, situated ns they are on a considerable elevation, on rising ground. The public buildings of Montreal are substantial and elegant, and consist of — PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The New Court House, on Notre Dnnie street, and directly opposite to Nelson's Monu- ment, is of elegant cut stone, in the Grecian Ionic style. The ground plou is 300 feet by 125 feet ; height, 16 feet. The Nkw Post-office, on Great St. James street, is a beautiful cut stone building. The Meiiciiants' Excuanoe Readiko Room, situated on St. Sacrament streets The Mechanioi' Institute, a very fine building, situated on Great St. James street, of cut stone, 3 stories high, built in the Italian style. The Lecture Room is 60 by 80 feet, height 18 feet, neatly and tastefully finished. The Mercantile Liiirarv Association, Odd Fellows' Hall, opposite the above. The Bank of MoNTnEAL, Place d'Arines, St, James street, opposite the Cathedral, an elegant cut stone building of the Corinthian order. (See engraving.) Tins Crrv Bank, next to the above, in the Grecian style, of cut stone and worthy of note. The Bank of British North America, Great St. James street, next the Post-office, is a handsome building of cut stone, and built in the composite style of architecture. am MONTREAL — VICTORIA BRIDGE. u Tuc BoNiioouBs Markct, on St Paul and Water streett, It ft nmgnifloent edtfloe. (Se« engraving.) Tub St. Ann's Market, opposite the Orey Nunnery, Till Qrbt Munnery is situated on Foundling street, designed for the oaro of foundlings and infirm. Tiu Hotel Dieu Nunnebt, on 8t. Joseph and St. Paul streets, designed for sick and dis- eased persons, The Convent or tub Sisters or tiib Sacred Heart is situated at Ht. Vincent de Paul, 9 miles from Montreal. Academy or tub Sisters or the Conoreoation de Notre Dame, now Maria Villa, about 8 miles from Montreal, was formerly tlie residence of the Governor-Qeneral. Tub MuGill Colleoe. — TIds is an institution of very high repute, founded by the Hon. James McGiU, who bequeathed a valuable estate and £10,000 for its endowment. The buildings for the Faculty of Arts are deliglitfully situated at the base of the mountain, and command an extensive view. The Museum or tub Nati.ral History or Montreal, is situated in little St, James street, and is free to strangers. The New City Water Works. — ^Ttiese works tap the St. Lawrence nt the Lochine Rapids, some 6 miles above the city, and will cost, when fully completed, nearly $1,000,000. The 2 receiving reservoirs, for supplying the city are about 200 feet above the level of the river, and hold 20,000,000 gallons. Tub Jaiu — This is a substantial stone building, surrounded by a high wall, and is worthy of a visit. It has recently been erected, at an expense of $120,000. Tub General Hospital, on Dorchester street. Is a fine cut stone building, and is one of the many prominent institutions of the city. Tub St. Patrick's Hospital, at the west end of the same street, Is an elegant structure, and occupies a commanding position. The Protestant Orphan Asylum, situated In Catherine street, is n well-conducted charity, sustained by the benevolence of private Individuals. The Ladies' Benevolent Institution, for the relief of widows and half orphans, is a large three-story building In Berthclot street. It Is managed solely by a committee of ladles. Nelson's Monument, Jacques Cartier square, Notre Dome street. Tub Laoiiine Canal is among the public works worthy of note. Plage d'Armes is a handsome square, between Notre Dume and Great St James streets, opposite the French Cathedral. As a place of beauty and pleasure, the ride from the city to Mount Rotal will attract the traveller at all times. The distance around it is miles, commanding one of the finest views of beautiful landscape to be found in North America ; and in returning, entering the city, a view of the St. Lawrence and of Montreal, both comprehensive and extended, that well repays the time and expense. Mount Royal Cemetery, about 2 miles from the city, on the mountain, is one of the places of Interest about the city which many parties visit Tub Champ de Mars is a public parade ground, situated In Gabriel street, off Notre Dame. In the evenings, sometimes, the military bands play there, to a large concourse of the inhabitants. S o THE VICTORIA BRIDGE. This gigantic undertaking forms one of the most interesting and wonderful features con- nected with the city, at Point St Charles. It is being built for the purpose of enabling the Grand Trunk Railway to form a contin- uous railroad communication with the railroads of the United States, instead of passengers being obliged to cross the river in steamers, as ot present The width of the river where the bridge is being built is very nearly 2 miles. / w a: H 'r, O U as < H H a H 01 CO o A U -0 a as a; j 2 3 ai J o 5 3 a CITY OF MONTKKAL, 15 80UT1I 8IDB OP QRKAT 8T. JAHEB' 8TREKT. The flrat bulldlnK on left iliie of the street li the Gen- ernl I'oat-ofllce— 64 by 100 feet— built in the IlBllan Biyle. The third building In view U the Dank of Urit- iHh North America— which, with the I'oat-ofllcc, forms two of the Uneat bulldUiK" In the street, Htlll furthci' on, Is the Mechanics' Ubrnry, a subtantlul, plain, B(|uare block, with an excellent readlni;-rooui, library, and hall for lectures, etc. NORTH 8IDE OF QREAT BT. JAMES' 8TREET. The bulldlnKwtth the beautiful fluted columns of the Corinthian order, represented above, Is the Dank of Montreal— one of (he flnest bulUllnxs In the city. The next building to It Is the City Hunk of Montreal, an establishment with a much plainer exterior. In the Grecian style. Htlll further on, are some very elegant stores, with the Wesley an Chapel Id the distance, near- er the far end of the street. ^^ liONSKCOURS MARKET. This Is the largest, and one of tlie flnest buildings In the city. Krccted at a cost of t2S7,rtOO. I'sed as a public market for the most part, where are sold an ex- traordinary (juanllty of provisions, vegetables, fruit, flsh, besides clothing, " Yankee Notions," and an om- nium gatherum of almost every thing required for domestic purposes. One portion of the building Is used as a police station, as well as ofllces connected with the municipal government. Il Is situated close to the river side Built In the Orecian-Dorlc style of architecture. IIAYMARKKT AND BEAVER HALI,. The above view represents the Haymarket, with Beaver Uall In the back rising ground, which. In Its number of handsome churches, presents one of the finest views In the city— more particularly in summer— with the mountain rising up behind, and filling up the back-ground of the picture with the luxuriant foliage of its shrubbery. The church v.ith the highest spire In the above engraving, is that of St. Andrew's (Church of Scotland). The one seen in the corner to the right, Is a very handsome church, now completing for tli« Unitarian congregation. Id MONTREATi, VICTORIA BRIDOR, ETC, The current of the river I* very n\M — with n depth of from 4 to 10 feot, excepting In the mnln channel, where It in from 80 to 8S fvet deep. In the winter, the loo li formed Into a ((reat thlekneuR, nnd frequently Immcnio pllei aecumulftto — at \\\g\\ ai 30 to 40 feet. Thui piled up In hu^e tiouldor*, tho water ruiho* through them at a fearful rate, driving the hloek* of luo along, and cruRhlng all boforu them. Tho bridge will conilst of 24 itrong plerK, itanding 242 feet apart, excepting the contru Rpan, which i« 8!i0 fvet wide. They are all perpendicular on throe lide*, and iilope down to the water-cdgo against the current, ro an to withiitand the force and action of the float- ing maises of ice, on it* breaking up. Each pier ii eitlmated to withitand the force of 70,000 torn of ice at one time. Roiting on these piora, and running from abutment to abutment, li tho bridge, which conslRts of a hollow Iron tube, 22 fuet liigh, and 10 fot wide. Tho centre rpan Is to bo 00 feet above tho average level of tho water, thence sinking to- wards each end 1 foot in 130, thus making the height of the abutments about 87 foot. Tho estimated cost is about £1,200,000 stg. Tho weight of the iron In tho tubes will be 8,000 tons, and the contents of tho masonry will bo about 8,000,000 cubic feet. The whole will be completed in tho autumn of 1809 or spiing of 1800. As Is well known, the engineer of this greatest bridge in tho world is Mr. Robert Stephenson of Newcostlo-upon-Tyne, Tho whole of tho views of Montreal, as given in tho accompanying pages, were taken for this work by Mr. Notman, photographer, Montreal, and tho clear and nharp photogriiplitt supplied by him for tho purpose of engraving from, alTords the best evidence of hi» being a first-class artUt. Tlio two Illustrations given of Montreal embraco tho entire city, and presents a bird's-eye view of It as seen from the mountain. Being engraved from photographs, wo have every oonfidcnce In saying that they faithfully repn^ient Montreal as it is in 1800. To understand tho position of tho city as It Is, the stranger will cast his eye to the left-hand corner of the upper engraving In tho page, and pnsa on to ilio right. The lower engraving forms a con- tinuation of tho upper, continuing from left to right, THE FOREIGN CONBULS AT MONTREAL. For Belgium — Jesse Joseph. For United States — C. Dorwln. For Denmork — Thomns Ryan. For Sardlnlo, Hanover, Spain, and I'russia — Henry Chapman, VlooConsui for Norway and Sweden — II. Chapman. Vice-Consul to tho Oriental Republic of tho Uru- guay — J. M. Grant. NATIONAL SOCIETIES AT MONTREAL. The St» George's Society. — H. Bulmcr, president ; 11. Birks, treasurer. St. Andrew's Society. — Wlllinm Murray, president ; George Templcton, treosurer. Thistlo Society. — Alexander Smith, president ; William Held, treasurer. Caledonian Society. — John Fletcher, president ; J. Crnlg, treasurer. St. Patrick's Society. — Dr. Howard, President ; J. E. Mullin, treasurer. St. Jean Baptlste Society. — Hon. J. B. Melllcur, nresident. German Society. — Ernest Idler, nresident; G. llheinlmrdt, treasurer. New Englond Society. — II. Stephens, president; P. 1). Brown, treasurer. PHOTOGRAJ HY. ^V^. ISTOTMA^ISr, ARTIST, 11 DE BU^TRT STREET, MONTREAL. JPiraf J*H«e for Fhoiograph», MHr»l Prize for tSmbrotypea. f H0T0QRAPH8, UNTOUCHED OR COLORED, IN OIL, WATER COLORS, OR CRAYONS, FROM FULL-LKNOTII LIFE BIZR TO TIIS BUALLB8T PRODCCED. Ambrotypefi (Colored for Franiu* or Caiei. Mlnlnturoi of every deicrlptlon fur liockett, Bruovhe*, or Kin)(«. l)H|;uerrt-otypc* and I'alntlngt copied In all tliu variuun itylea, and increaicd or reduced to any Mzo required, Htereoacuplo Portrait! and (iroups, in ca«eR or paper BlidoH, Vlow« SturcoMoped, and othorwlBe, to order. Portraits taken and finished in Uilt or Water Color without the aid of the camera, if required. Artists and Amateurs supplied with Stock and Apparatus, and the Art taught, Speoimens to be leen at Mr. Hotman'i Studio, 11 De Bleury Street fW Obttrve tht Addnu ; no Specimeni exhibited ouUide. B. DAW80]>^ & SON, BOOKSELLERS AlVD STATIOJKERS, «REAT 8T. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL. J^MES STA.EKE & CO., ST. FKANCIS XAVIER STREET, MOOTHEAL. EDWIN H. LONGMAN, LoisriDoisr, c. ttv. ARTIST AND PROFESSOR OP MUSIC, Organ, Piano Forte, Flute, Violin, and Singing; ALSO, SBAWIHO AND FAINTINO. Photographic Views and Portroits taken in every variety of style ; and every branch of the Art taught on reasonable terms. A variety of Views of the city constantly on hand for sale. TAYLOR & WILSON, BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, LONDON, C. W. Ti n»tl local l.lllt OTTAWA. ir OTTAWA, CANADA WKST. Tiir notorlrty which IhU rlty, In omhryn, hn* rwclvotl Uti-ly, flrit ni hciiiff flxi>il upon n» tht< iicMt of uovcriirnpnt for (.'anatlii, unh liy Iho prnvlnciiil IfKlxlatiirf, — iillhoiiKh It liitil liecn ni'i|u|piu'Py whii'h It hni loni{ liven known, fin th« ci>ntri< of th« IninicnM liinilicr ilUtrlct of ihi> HIvit Otlnwii. It I* ultimtcd on thnt rivpr, whi-rx tlit* RIvcrN UIat; all of wlilcli, liowi'vor, nru on tlio xoutli Hld» of tlio Ulvcr (Mtawii, iiticl In ('anada Writ, tho Klvt'r Ottawa, nit U wt'll known, forniin)( the Imniidiiry lino ln'twi'fO Canada VmhI ond Canada WcHt. The town wan laid out under tho cuMiniand of Ctilnncl I(y of Iho Royal Kn^inccrii, who conRtructcd, nl«o, thtt Itldcau Canal. Ilcncn tho original name of tho town licinx failed Dytown — although now oalU'd Ottawa, after thn tnagnlfl- ccnt river on which It i>tand«. Tho Htrttett nru all wide and re((ularly laid nut, and, io far, refleelN i;reat cri'dit on the enKlnp(>rln(( (kill rinployed. Lower Town U tho inont Iniportant jiortlon of the town, autl, t' In all ])rolialiillty, will liecoine tho ehlef Iiuii4 part, aK the population and liuxlneAit In- crenio^ Tlio two prinelpnl streets of Lower Town arc Itldeau street and Suhmcx Ktreet. In Itldonn street there are several sulmtantlal, stonu-liuilt stores and dwellini;s. In Sussex street there arc also a few; tho majority, however, nr<' wooden ereetlons, liolh old and new. In Central Town the liulldlnKs are almost all of stc.j> 10 OIIAITDIRM fAI.U— niDRAr TAUM, RTO. |r«*i<« lit rMa<)niilili< riil>'«, liavi* only l»n>l»>l In ih'fvut Un' «rry olijvot whli'h th«y, ami all lh« Inlmliltiint* oiikIiI to liii«i> (ii «|kw, «!«., Klvlntf t^try Ati'lllly In itioir |Mi«i>r, •ml olTrr- Ing cvrry liii|iii>riii»iit ili»y mn, for |Mirltri«i • i|UUtii<« to IokmIh •Miont(*t lh«m. In U»t, tho lilrit llint Odttwit WM* ■«|i(ti<| N* llin Iii'iii|i|imrl«r* of th« Kovi'mtimnt, Im* had «h) llilnif litit a liini'rtrlHl > tTci't •<) fur, In •tii)i<> r>'>|i<'<'i*, ii|Hin llix (own ; litil th*r« I* tli" i'ihimi lailon. ilint wlirtlior It U io Im lit* M>al of KovKrniii«nl or not, lhioliit, routul wlih'h railliiti' a iiumiIht of olhiT Inwn*, iin>l <'«ti'ii'l»i< aKfli-ultiirnl illatrlrl«. "f wlil>-h < )t> tiiwa in ll i|>ltiil nikI i'i'iilr<', Hiiil, III all liiitiian |iriil>ahlllty, alwaya llkvly to rvniatn lo, Prmn ll, a latKc wliiili'*ali< ami ri'inll truili> U, ami niiiat alwaya, h« ilona — with th« dUtrlcta roiiml iilioiit ; wlill'l, an U wi'll kmtwii, It I* tho I'xiitrx of • ilUtrlvt, whltib, for «iti*n»lva forolK of rtnx liiiiiliir, ha* no •ii|ii'rlnr In Anit>rli'a, Tlo' M'l'niTy iirotiMil iMIawa \* fur lixyonil what wk liail any Idea of, and thu vUw from till* lliirrai'k Hill, I* oii» of «iir|irii|ir, nnd full u'l'iH'ry, which few plai'i'* can lioniit of I kUiK III thn wot — (kcii i'ii((rnvlnK) — nt thn Went end of Ihti town ar« •lliMt«d, Ilia ucli'liriilcd Chiiiidlurn KulU, which full ubuut 4U f«at, and th« apray of which may ha Men a lonu way otT, anccndlnif In thi< air, In ll nrly part of the *i>a«on, (miy In May,) thcun fulln ar«i not *i>iit Iha rivvr ipdle rloKe to tlii^m. At tlio eattern Ruliurh of Ottawa, attain, callud Now Kdln- liuritli. there U a llllln NhiKarn, In miniature, In the Itldeau Kulln, and onu of Ihti pretllol little fulU to lie Keen any where, Althouifh only of Hit fuut full, thny prmMiit featuraa of Inlermt and ((reat henuty. The town of Ottawa U •uppllcd. In mony part*, with ((a*. Ita niarkot* alToH an etf.eX- lent "upply of eheup provUliiii«, wlilUt the purity of thi* air, from It* eUivated |>o»itlon, rendcrn It one of thn hcalthle*t town* In ('unadn, Kml|/ninl*, In looking to Ottawa, will do well to remeiiilior, that It I* only the af^rtuul- tiirul liihourer, or farmer with capital, to whom It* lix-ulity offer* Indunement* at prtntnt, \uu>ntf»t the Holicmo* for connectlni^ (Xanadu hluitt with the We*tern Ktat<>i, I* the Ot- lAwu Ship Canal, via tho Ottitwa nnd French Itlver* to I.ukc Huron, which, If NUoceMiful In lielm; cHtahllnhed, will render Ottawa, more than ever, one of tho ^reat entrepot* uf that route und trut)1i>. The communication hot ween Ottawa nnd Montreal, U hy rail via Prc««ott; also by rlyer, per Ktcnmcr to Grenvillc, rail from (Irunvlllc to Carrlllon; thence, *teumer to littcliinc ; thence, mil to Montreal. To('unada Went, on the St. Lowrencc, via rail. To O^denithurur, viu mil to I're«cott, and itcumer acruiM the St, Iiuwrence, DiMtanoe* : — from Montreal, l^U mile*; tiuehoc, 200 mile*; Toronto, 'i'lW mile*; Kingston, Ofl mile*) l*re*cott, 68 inllo*; New York, 400 mile*; lioRton, 48R mile*. I'opulutlon, about I'i.nw. . For the Information of emigrant* proceodlnK to the newly-opened dlitrlcta, whem free land* are to ho had, full informotlon rc({nrdln(( the«v, with route* ond fare*, will be found In another portion uf this work. The view* of Upper Town, and I/)wer and Centml Town, as Rivon elsewhere, are from pencil drawhij^s made for this work, by Mr, Flastumn, artist, of Ottawa. All who know Ottawa win be able to attest to the very faithful manner In which they are done, and that the eni^ravers have preserved all tho truthfulness In detail. In enuhllniK us to present, for the Hist time, we believe, complete and accurate views of Ottawa, Canada West. OTTAWA Ml'SINKJiH tMKKCTOltY. Aftifuhutid fm/Utrntnli. Hat, (>rp>»ui. H|i«rli« •Irovi. Alli>rntif ttHil h^rrittft, ('|«||4|, Wll,ll*«, KI'lvHil alrfial, Mamow, J. II, ('., UI<|ki»ii le. (M«a •t|r'^.> UiMU k (Kl'itNmm, Muuv« (UmI, KiTi'Ni*, J*Nm, N|Mirk« •Irw't. (>!«• K^V't). liuiliUr iiHr/ l'itrft*ntn' Lamu, Ri>W4ait, H|i«rli> alrKal. Ci'iitML (M«a ftMII ■trrxl. MaBBTT, I''mIII>|;MI< N, UIiUaiI atl-ia't, (^m/oflii>nfr nnr/ llnktr, fktyft, AlrSaniirn, H|Nirk* (tmist, />rv tlnwU. CvNNiNtiiMM, liARi'i.Ar A IjNMAV, M*ln»' llullilllliL(«, Klilcmi alrrrt. lliiNtDN, TiiiHi. ami Wm,, S|i«rk« «tr*«t. ^OAMPBEix'8 HOnX, SPAliKH HTREET. OTTAWA, J. £. C^JtfBKLt., Pt'op*r. "JAMKS UITCHIE, Bookseller ft Stationeri •PARKS STRBIIT, OTTAWA CITV. CANADA WVHT. A|^Bt for i\in»ri»D lad Cflf^linh Ptritdirils. >AN FEL80N A OC, WIIOLRRALR AND KNTAtl. I>RALRR« IN DRUGS, mmm, nmmi mm, JLXVX3 oir.a. SUSSEX 8TUKBT, oi-pomtb York St., OTTAWA. J. II C. MAIISAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, IIIDEAU SrilEET, OTTAWA. EDWARD LANQ, Carpenter &r Builderi SPARKS STREET, OBNTRAL OTTAWA. Van rir.aoM A ('•>,, Himmr rtrMi (Nm fttlv'l)^ lltiNTfiN,, Thi«. ArKl Wm., H|i«rl*tlN«i MAMtr, Krrkrrk r, Ktilniu air'nt, pArriMMtH, TuoMA*. KIiUmii air««l, lliirJuHir* Mtyfhnnli, WoRBMAW it (iRirriN, ltlllln((l..n Mt, (Sm a.lv'l). l*kRRMI«, (i, II., UtiliRll atrxat. (H«« Rilv'l)^ Jtillintr iiNi/ Ihftmitkfr. noMrnaifR, Mr*., WvlllnKtuu «tr«*t. 7uAf-f>n^a(. WiuiM K, Thumar, HpRrk* ttraat City of Ottawa, Canada. 0. II. PURSTON, I LAND ft OENEBAL AGENT, | ■ROKER, Ao^ AUCTIONEER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT. OIHtt and AootN*, I OTTAWA LAND AOENCf. ^ Tho NiitwcritKT, beinu coniinlMHioncd by moHt of the licavy litndnoldorM of tho (."Ity 3 ^ t, 4.* * of UttawA atui vicinity, offerH for valo every f dwcriptioti of i'l mmjii4 mmrJiTm^ J ,. having on han 5r* rt rti «4- « 9-2. 8 3 CO ts P 3 3 5?^ o » i IS:; Bn 2, li 22 TORONTO, CANADA WEST. I . l!;i L - -^ "'■ „- - ,s _..l _- .. 1 < 1 7.-*B« "m\ ,-.."■■■■ '•■ - a 'WAV... -.. :. '■" iV , *•-,■> ■* ^>» ' ^|m:« ^-4ifr>.^,^P • ™ "S CITY OF TORONTO, W. Toronto forms the Metropolis of Upper Canada, (or Canada West,) the second city in commerciiil importance in the entire province, and at present is the sent of tlic provincial legislature. It is pleasantly situated on the west shore of Lake Ontario, and hnA a nnieh more prepossessing appearance when viewed from a steamer on tiic lake, than vhen ap- proached by railway. From the large quantity of trees and slirubbery interspersed tlirough many of the streets, it may well lay claim to the title of the Forest City of Canada. Sit- uated as the city is, on almost a dead level, it presents no particular features furtlier than being plentifully studded with graceful spires, which, with the wooded hills situated in the background, completes the picture of a beautiful city. The street along side of the shore of the lake — recently very much improved — is termed the Esplanade, along which the Grand Trunk Railroad runs, and where it has its terminus. CnoWN-LASDS' OFFICE AND MECHANICS' INSTITUTE. In one portion of the above building are the officoR of the Crown-land Department, where all business connected with the "Woods and Forests" are conducted. In another portion is the excellent Mechanics' Institution of the city, situated at the cor- ner of Church and Adelaide streets. ST. LAWRENCE IIALL. The above forms one of the most imposing buildings in the city. The basement and first floors are occupied as stores, whilst up- stairs there is a large, well-lighted, and neatly done-up public hall, where meetings, concerts, etc., are held. St. Lawrence Hall is situated at the east end of King street. TOUONTO, CANADA WEST. 98 KINU STIUCET (west). King Btreet is the pnncipal thoroughfare in the city. It is fully 2 miles in length, and with its many handsome stores and build- ings, forms the chief promenade. Two of the largest buildings in the city are in King street, viz., St. Lawrence Ilall, and the Rossin House. YO.NOE STRKET (noBTII). Yonge street rivals King street, in its busy bustling appearance, and although the stores are not so elegant as some in King street, yet a large amount of retail business is trans- acted ia the section presented above. As in most cities in the United States, the streets of Toronto are long and bpacious, and laid out at right angles to each other. TIio principal streets for wholesale stores are the lower end of Yonge street and Wel- lington street, whilst Upper Yonge street and King street are the thief streets for retail business of all sorts. We may mention that, with the exception of s; ees here and there, the pavements in all the streets are of wood — plunks laid across, and nailed down to sleepers. The Provincial Legislature holds its meetings in Toronto, in the government buildings, a cluster of red brick buildings situated at the west end of the city, close to which is the residence of the Governor-General, Sir Edmund Walker Head, Bart., representative of Her Majesty in Canada. The public buildings of Toronto are numerous, and some of them very handsome. We have engraved, from photographs, four of the principal buildings, viz. ; St. Lawrence Hall, Trinity College, the Normal School, and Crown-lands Office, in which building is also situated the Mechanics' Institute. Osgoode Hall, in Queen street, wlien comi>leted will form one of the finest buildings in the city. There the Superior Courts of Law and Equity are held. Besides those named, the other public buildings of any note are the Post-ofiTice, the new General Hospital and the Lunatic Asylum — the latter an immense building at the western extremity of the city. Toronto may well boast as being the city of churches in Canada, from the number of elegant structures it contains, of all denominations. The two largest are the English Ca- thedral and the Roman Catholic Cathedral, but both, being without spires as yet, do not present that graceful appearance which even some of the smaller churches do, although none, we should suppose, exceed the rich and handsome interior or comfortable accommo- dation of the English Cathedral, as a place of worship. Toronto has several manufacturing establishments, some of them extensive, and which, in ordinary good times, turn over a large amount of business ; the city, from its central posi- tion, and the ready means of land and water carriage, now extended almost in every direc- tion, affording great facilities for manufactures as well as merchandise finding their way all over the country. 21 TOKOXTO AND HAMILTON, CAXADA WEST. TRINITY CtiLLKOK. Tho nl)ove btiikling \» one of the most im- portant in tlie city, whether ns rei^nrds its chnriictor ns nn cducatiunnl inRtittition, or the niagnifiocnt stylo of tho edifice, wliich, when complotofi, will certainly be one of tho finest ill tho city. " iT?^" THE NORMAL AND MODEL SCUOOU. The above bniUling, in the Italian style o architecture, is devoted to the establishment known as the Normal and Model Schools, and whiuli forms tlio head of that invaluablo system of publio education pervading the whole province. As wo have said, Toronto forms tho second commercial city in Canada, and, until the panic of 1857 set in, eiijo^'cd a largo and steadily increasing trade. Its merchants were of tlio mo;li:ei, •tv., «tc. J. Wlii«r A (!o. iir« prn|irUton of Mott'a Vnbrirufe Wluii Kud OarUtn'i Worm T«*, ■ncl iiUo kc«p »ll olhur Patent MaillvliiM In •took, at maniifHcturen' prloaa. Particular attuntton paid to keeping article* oi Itnt i|uallty. SOHZJLU Mraey Briktr, \mnm, aid fleieril Agent, KINO HTREET, HAMILTON, 0. W. IH. W. WABTIHAN, D. D. ■., CORNER OF KINO & 'OlIN STREETS, HAMILTON, 0, W. HILTOV BB0THEB8, aARDWASi: MEROBANTS, KINO STREET, HAMILTON, C. W. JAME8 OAHILL, BARRISTER, SOLICITOR, Ac, KINO ST., (E*»T,) HAMILTON, C. W. QEORQE BARNES A, 00^ B00K8ELLEB8 ft BTATIGHBBB, HAMILTON, C. W. JOMMXaMM M. TAM VOSMAIT, M. D., Eclwtie PhysicisD, Ateoutlieor, and Surgeon, COR. OF KINO A BOWERY STREET, BAMII.TON, 0. W. BOX, 478. THE "SFEOT-A.rrOR," A POLITICAL, COMMERCIAL A, GENERAL NEWSPAPER, M PnhHihed at Hamilton, C. W., hy the Proprietor*, WILLIAM GILLESPY & ALEXANDER ROBERTSON. It is i«ud DAILT, mU-WnXLT k WSBKLT, ud hu the lorgeit OizetiUtioa of any Oaaadlan Ifnnpapsr Wait of Toronto. From the particular atlentloiMiald to Commercial Intelllnnce, the SptcUitor hai acquired a repiitiitlon for reliability, wlilch hna accureiTfor It the palrnnaRe of the Mercantile Community of Weatern Ciinu,-. » I It ^1 ,, j;f;ll ■iliiill l:ilii,iil'i'lliiiiii'ii!ii liii i |i!iii,i:Mim l^'''* KINiWTuN, CANADA WKHT. ri OS<,-^.t:.= >, CCS W O CCS C^cSC-ZS^ «•««.- "5 -2 - 5 ; £ *j •J S ^ -. - J i* S &.H ^ i» J KIVflSTOX, CANADA WF.WT. 2I» n i1 1 X I •c O ■; '^ .:: i c ■■ tJ 2 T 2 01 5 5 1 s " a 9 4-> ■» V a 1. "3 3 >, *" \ § •s vli'W of til* •iirriiiiiii< liiill lniitii*n*)' Ititll, wliii'li I* ii»'il nil iill |iiili||i< iM'ciiaiiina, mill for I'liiifirta, i» iif Itit |irii|iiirtli>ii<<, li'iivi'i'ii^i' ■'•>■( w«« niii' liiiiiilrnl •ml twi'iily tliiiiiiMiiiil iliiiliir*. Tim new "Cuiirl lliiiix' niiil .lull," now i'iitii|ili'ti' I'lly, tlii< frmit i'l<'viitli>ii, with lia i'liii->ti' iiiul rli't, wlillli Al fi'i't. Tim uvi'riii{i< oiiiliiy In li* i'oii»iriii tloii mii iiciirly liliii'ty tliiiiiniiiiil ilolliirK. Till' lower nlory U ilinlttiu'il fur piililli' tilllciit, alio\i' ^^llll'll urn till' riMirt uihI t'liiiiH'll I'lioiii*, i'onii|«llii(( of till' iiwlfi'ii mill cniiiity roiirt, tlir iliU-ion roiirt, bihI I'oiMitv I'ouiii'il roi nil*, I'll', III ri'iir »ri' tlu' .lull nml Jiilli'r'K ilwi'lllntf, foriiiliitriiii i'\ti'ii>lv(> wint( to lfii> tiiiilii liiiililliiif. Till- otlii'r liiilliliii({N of iiiiti' lire, llm llotiiiin Cutliolli' Ciitlii'- ilriil, mill lti'uiii|ioll* ('iil|i'k{i<: tlii> (ii'imnil IIok|iI|iiI, (jiii'i'ti'ii Coili'ifi', tlir (ii'iinuiuir hi'hool ; St. (li'iirKi'**, St. I'liiil'ii, mill St. .Imiii-n'ii I'roti'ntmil Cliiiri'lir" ; St, Aiiilri'>«'>i (liiiri'li, IrUli Krri' Cliiiri'li, Cliiiliiirr'i* Cliiiri'li, NVi'Hii'ymi iiml rriiiilllvii Mitlioijlxt Cliiiri'lii'i, I 'on- f'lllllO- V I'lilii- tlioijlxt Cliiiri'lii Kri'iirli Kiiiiiiin ..(...III,.., r. 1 rrcifiitioiiikl i'liiii'i'li, Itiiptlit t'liiirvli, AtHMtnlli' Cliiiri'li, iiml tin' oM li> Cliiirrli, now iini'il lit II iiuiiiii'ry, TIh' iii'W Ciiiitoiii Ilmiiii' uml I' tili'ti'il, woiilil Im' mi orimiiii'iit to miy I'lty, The I'lili'f |iiililli' iiixlltiitloiiM iirr, tin' lii'iirnil loii|iltiil, l|oii«i> of liii|ii'i — "Till' llrltUli \VIi1k," IIu' flr«t ilnlly |iiilil|ihi'il In ('iiiiiniit Wi'-t, iiinl " Tli Ni'Wn;" . \\v tri-wi'i'klv III till' Kniiiiiii Ciktliollr liiti'rrKi, till' " lli'riilil;" iiiul four .'kill'*, i-5 J 'Cliroiili'li' mill Ni'w«," tin* " llrltiiili Wliltf," tin- " ('oniiiii'fi'iiil .Vilvirtl-rr," iiml tim "Triliiiiii'." (>ni< tliiiii; iiiiiHt not lio ovi'rIiHiki'il III iiii'iitloiilii); lIu' llomi of ilu' ilty — llm I*iil>lli' I'lirk, wlilcli, III tt fuw yi'ur*, will bu a chief loiirun of lieultlifiil rt'iTi'utloii tu tIm CltlZl'IIH, KiiiLrxtoii liiM Ioii({ lieeii known for Its wife mnl eiipiieloiiK Imrlioiir, whleli \* well nililjiti'il to nlielter U llirkfi' Hei't of M'ltneN, lieniileH lliivilit/ over twenty wliiirve*, iionu' of tlielll very exti'liKlve, lllliI flirilii'lieil witli eil|ini'ioi|it warelioime!) mill ilei'iiiiiliioiliilioni for the forwiirilini( trinle. The iihip|iiii)^ triiile Iiiik Imii; lieeii n elilef fi'iiliire of the pliiee. In mlilltlon to the Khip yiinli* lit (iiii'ileii Ixliinil. oppimlte, mill nt I'ort'^iiioiitli. iit the eNtreiix' Went; I'liil of the elly, thii'i' Ik the iioteil Murine Kiiilwity of .lohn I'oiinter, Kkii., from nil of «hleli liiive lieeli luuneheil the ({reute^t llllTiilii'r mill liir^fext tonnn^e of Cunuilllin VenHeli III C'liiunlu \Vi'4, Kiii^'Klon, in thU purtleiiliir, \iv\\\^ only Heeonil to ({neliee. A liriiiieh I'liilroiiil liiir* lately lieeii niuile iieronM u portion of the liiiy lielowthe I'aliirii' qui Itrlil^e, to eonni'i't with tfie elly from the iiuiln ilepnt, coming i" nt the foot of Onta- rio nlreet, at iheTiUe ilil I'ont liiirraekK, ami ]>a!iHlni^ thenoe aloiitf the harlioiir to Shaw'* wharf, where the liraiieh or elly depot l» to he eKtahllAheil. Klim-toii hnn, hUo, her Cryn- tal I'nIiU'i', at the outskirts of tlio elty, In whleh the I'oiinly AtrHenltiiriil, llortieultiiral, nuil other kIiowm uru liehl, nml In whieli will he liehl tliu I'rovlneiiil Animeiatlon'M ^reat An- nual Show for iHntl. Thin U n lar^e, hamlMime, nml ootuinoilioiM Iniililln);, whleh upeaku favoiiralily for tlie [XiMio enterprise' of the Kiiitctonrne, ami the yionieiiry of the eoiiiily of Fronteiiai'. Not the li'iint romarkahle ovhlenee of the prosperity of the faniiiiit' eoiii- niuiiity, irt the lan;e iiiarketi«lii Kin^xton — larger, perhaps, than any others In ('iiiiiiila.nml attesii"ii(f greatly in favour of the niiperiority of the laml in the vieinity. Kini?ston \* Well ilefemleil, jiulKiii)X froin lier niartello towers, market Inittery, ami ex- ten^ive anil eommmiilin^ fortmentloim nt Fort Henry ami Point Freilerlek. Towanls the went end of the elly are nuineroUH hnmUoiiie private resiilenees, friiiitiiif; on Lake t Intario. HtiU further on is the jirlvate Iiisani' Asyhmi, nt " Koekwood." The I'l'iiitenliary, situated on the lake shore, is a ^vvwX. attriii'tlon to strangers visitiii); Kiii'.'ston. It is surrounded Willi Willis nil feet hiitli, with tlaiikiii^ towers, the whole eoveriii){ an area of iiliimt twen- ty aeres. Inside the walls, the first hulldin^ seen Is of it crueiform shape. In one wiii^,' of 'whieh is the hospital; in another, thu diniii^-hall ; aliovo these, the oliapel ; and under- neiitli, the asylimi for the insmip. The north part is the dwi'Uin)j;-house of the Warden and other otVieers, with a lieautlfiil tjarden attiiehed ; the I'eiiiuinder lielii;; oeeiipied as cells for the eonvii'ts, who arc nil well oared for, nml have, with their own hnnds, erected the ■walls, workshops, sheds, cells, etc. At the back, and next the lake slilo, arc ran>,'es of workshops, where the sur[ilus labour Is let to contractors. On the whole, Kinj^ston seems to keep the even tenoiir of her way ninon^'st the cities of Canada West, witli a creditalile steadiness and perseverance; is said'to be one of the iiio-t liealtliy localities in the province; with a population of aliout l;),(tO(). Kin>;ston is repre- senti'd in the Upper House by the Honourable Ale.vaader Cum|ibell, and in the Lower House by the Honourable .lohn S. Maedonald. the e.x-l'remier; the iiieinber for the county beinif the Honourable Henry Smith. Speaker of the I.eirislalive Assembly. The station of the (irami Trunk Riiilroud is about -i miles from the city. Omnibuses ply to and from it, iu couuuctiou with tlm liotelu. IJI'PKK AND LOWKU CANADA. Tua fiilli)wlni( liifumiiitliin U «oni|>llKil from th* iiiithnU, •imI |trl«*U tiifurnMUDn rM<>lv««li^ l>i'|iviiil»iill)r >>r lU imrlli iiri>«ti>rii |iiihi>hIiiii«, iioI yvi o|iaiii fur »Uliimi'nl i II l«, i'i>ii><iillv, iiiiirx limn mx' (lilnl litrgvr lli«n fmnrx, n*»rly lhr«« itiii»a m Urn* m Uraat llrlliilii mill Iritliuiil, «nii iiiiirn iliitii llir»« llnivi m Urgn «« I'nuaU. Tim liiliitltlli'il, or ••iljiHt tHirtliin, riivnr* al Ivaal 4ii,i)latl«a iHiillna, or |iarlUiniaat of lliat rWar. Ttila attrnai*!) prnvlncn la IioiiihIkiI on tlin norlti hy tliu llrltlah poaanaaloiia, at priiat ami nnfi'tlKrixl m •II imli'pciiilrnt nit'lon. Tlianiollivri'onnlry liiia rntrnattiil to llio C'aniulliin* tlia nianaganiant uf llii'lr own nlfiilra. Ti. Oovvrnorof Cunaila, who la alao ()orarnur-K«nt)raliif lirlliali Norlli Amar* kii, la iippointi'il liy llin lirltiali ('rown, and la lla ri'proai lloiiau of Aaaimilily niiil tli« I.Kglalittlro ('oiinRll, Ihn nu'mbara of wlili'li nra cluulud by lb* pi'iiplc. Thn l.i'KiaUllvi<('otincll wna fiirincrly llllud by the noiiilncea of llin crown. Tbi< ayiti'in of giivira luch Jiwtice of tho I'eoco, and cauaing It to be preaented and lecurdcd in any uno uf the courts mentioned in tho tlxth aection of the l*i VIot. cap. 1U7, upon which itcurtiQcato uf naturaJiiulioD will bo granted by auch court. llvfore tliey are nalnrulitcd, wo are informed that furelgnem can hold and trannniit real etftata Ibeaiiine na tmtural-burn aubjecta; that they have • voto at niunicipul elcctiona, althuugh nut at el(M?tioiia for meinbera uf the pruvinciiil Ivgialaturc, The llrltlah government inuintuina u ainall force In Canada and the neighboring provincea, for protectiun ngainat foreign inviixion, and for tbo maintoniincu and prcaurvatlon of the furtlllca- tiouH of Quebec, KIngaton, and other plucea, in tho event of a foreign war. CiiAnArxKn or tna I'oimilation.— Cttniida woa once a French colony, and, until It waa ceded to the llritiab, poaaeaaed, cxcluaively, i\ French population. In that part of the province which Ilea to tho caat of tho Ottawa River, luul which ia culled Lower Ciinudu, tho people are chiofly of French extraction. Weat of the Ottawa, or Upper Cunuda, la eaaeiitiully liritisli, Tho popula- tion of the province now exceeiU 'i,noo,000. In aome parts of Upper Canada there uro large ooloniea of Uermuna and Dutch, and it ia probable that not Icaa than 30,000 Uermans and Dutch are icttlcd In different parts of the upper or western half of the province. POPULATION— LAWS AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS. POPULATIOM or CANADA FOR 1800-1867. Total entlniBtoil I'di)- ulatlnri up to Jun, I. , Brant KIglii I'rwcntt KuudII liUinbton Btonnont DundiM OleiiKary Carletoii Le«(la Orenvllle Norfolk Lnnnrk Renfrew Vroiitenuo Lennox Ailcllngton IliiatlnKA Prince Kilward... llitlillmuiul Nortliumberlanil. Durlmin Peterborough. .. Victoria 9A,8T!i 80,416 ; u,*,S 41,610 S«,6A6 2l,tl60 I 86,124 \ H'i.-m I 20,!i7rt I 10,752 1867. S9.nA7 U8,4A1 lfi,42-2 6,S02 10,A6» 1U,844 10,A'24 2fi,119 88,n94 42,970 29,101 80,672 81,700 14,814 88,862 10,063 iiO,66« 46,777 24,921 2.4,826 8t),7«6 42,H01 22,808 ls,427 ' Namon of Countlci anil t'lllvii, DrouKhl forward.... Ontario York I Peel f Slincoo Total eallniated Poii- ulatlon up tu Jan. I. Wentworth Ilulton Orey Wellington Huron Druca Penh Waterloo Lincoln Welland Oxford Middlesex Kent (^aex City of Toronto. .. City of llHmllton . City of KhiKston.. City of Ottawa . . . City of London . . . M Carried up || 60,682 I 02,000 | 1,228,128 Total estimated population of Lower Canada, adding one-ieven- teenth for one year's Increase 1,152,703 Total population of Canada In 1860 and in 1857 | 2,880,881 1866. 06,682 86,620 61,672 27,668 86,712 81,6(4 21 ..Wi 1 16,680 84,6,S4 I 82,084 I 8,mHi 2n,M2 8.1,824 88,7(MI 21,000 40,908 40,161 28,S«0 80,IUO 40,600 2l\400 10,160 11,060 18,000 1867. 62,000 40,172 67,729 80,824 89,288 »1,098 2.'>,761 18,288 88,1188 86,942 9,240 29,207 87,766 97,070 38,166 44,998 44,167 20,18*) 28,614 61,000 22,440 ]7,7.')9 12,166 14,900 1,860,928 1,220,614 2,671,4.37 Laws and Ml-mcipal Institutions.— Tho laws of England were introduced into Upper Can- ada in 17U1, and prevail, .siibjoct to the various alterations made, from time to time, by tlio local parliament. The laws of France, as they existed ut the conquest of Canada, by Britain, prevail in Lower Canada, subject also to the alterations effected by the local parliament. The criminal and commercial laws of England prevail there, as in Upper Canada. The parliament of Canada have, and exercise, entire control over tho province ; tho imperial government never interfere now, unless (which scarcely ever occurs) some great national interest is involved. The municipal system of Upper Canada is admirably adapted to the exigencies of a young and vigorous country ; its success has been complete. In order to comprehend it, it is necessary to state, that Upper Canada is divided into counties, forty-two in number ; each county is divided into townships; so that, on an average, eoch township is about ton miles square. Tho inhabit- ants of a township elect five " councillors," tlie councillors elect, out of this number, a presiding officer, who is designated tho " town reeve ;" tho town reeves of the different townships, form tho " county council," this Council elect their presiding ollicer, who is styled the " Warden." The town council and county council arc municipal corporations, possessing tho power to raise money fur municipal purposes, such as making public improvements, opening and repairing roads and bridges. Repayment is secured by a tax on all the property in the township or county where tho debt is incurred ; but no by-law for raising money can bo enforced, unless it has been previously submitted to the electors or people. Each corporation possesses tho power of suing, and is liable to bo sued, and their by-laws, if illegal, are subject to be annulled by the Superior Courts of the province, at the instance of any elector. Each township council has the power to provide for the support of common schools under the provisions of the school law; to construct roads, bridges, water-courses, etc., to appoint path-masters or road-inspectors, etc. The county councils are charged with the construction and repairs of goals, ond court-houses, roods and bridges, houses of correction, and grammar schools, under the provisions of'the school-law ; to grunt money, by loan, to public woi'ks, tending to the improvement of the country, and to levy taxes for the redemption of the debts incurred, subject to the proviso before mentioned, namely, tho vote of the people. Villages not having a popula- tion over 1000, are governed by a board of police, and are styled police villages ; possessing over 1000 inhabitants, they become incorporated villages, and are governed by a council of five, whose reeve is a member of the county council, ex officio; as soon as a village acquires a population exceeding three thousand, it becomes a town governed by a mayor and council, and is represented in the county council by u town reeve, and deputy towii reeve. When the number of inhabit- CANADA — INCOME AND EXPENDITURE — EDUCATION. 83 ants I'xcoedit Ui.nuO, it moy bo crcult'd u city, mid in nuverncd by a mayor, ulduriiian, niid coun- cilniuii. All town rei'vuH, wurduii^, iiiityorit, und uldorinuii, ure, tx njfieio, jiiHticuH of tli« peace. KRVENl'E AND ESPENDITUKI! FOK 1800. Revenue, 1804. Kxpenditure, l!^. £ «. dl.' CuiDini l,lV2-<,Bie 2 i! «. A- Interest on Putillc Dobl a'Aliifl IS I Ctvll UDViTiiiitent ^ft.i^l* 10 8 KxcLne 'iit,KH H a lluvviiuH finni I'ulillc Worka. t,\,1t\r> 7 b Terrltiirlul M.CM tt AilniliiUtriillun or .luHtlco... VA;i.lA 8 & I'rovlnulHl I'enltuntlury Ill.VHV 11 2 l.uKlHlutiitu 117,414 17 4 ►Mucttllon II7,.M4 1 6 Hunk liiipoHtK 'ii,lll II -i Ciuual UeVHiiue SU.iUVt I'i T < Total Currency £l,2.'J8,flflO 18 4 AKrlcultiiriil Moclulic'ii 17,t>M IH ti ;lliiii|iltiili< luiilotlier t'hurltles UM,;,')U l>* 10 ll'uliUo Works W,7s7 1« « .Mllltlu fl(l,lo7 14 11 Miilntvniuice of l.l(tlitlinuai'ii 27.Uil4 4 1 KmlKrutlon rt,rtsrt IH 7 |i'en»lon« ll,vj() 8 o jhiiliaii nnnultiee 8,7.'>5 il iSlnkloK Ftinil, Ac (1ii,H4s 14 R MUcelluneoue l'JU,M)7 U 11 Total Currency £I,(«0,7I4 13 9 EnrcATiosAL Instititioxs. — iJppcr niid Lower Cunadu enjoy aeparntc Hchool liiws, ndapted to the rcllKiouH olemcnts prevuilin^ in oitlivr. Kiicli towntihip in Upper Ciiniula is divided into iiev- ertd school sections, iiccording to the rei|iiireniviiti* of the inhabitants. The common schools arc supported partly by government, und partly by local, self-imposed taxation, and occasionally, by tlie payment of u small monthly fee from each scholar. The total amount expended on educa- tional purposes in Canada, during 1S.'>(), was .i;'J7,">14 1». fit/., currency. In long-settled rural dis- tricts, each school section is now distinguished by a handsome brick scliool-house, furnished with maps, authorized school books, and elementaiy philosophical apparatus. The salaries of teachers vary from .i;i;iO stg. to £40 stg. in country parts, und from ili'-io stg. to il".') stg. in cities uud towns. All common-school teachers miwt i)ass an examination befoi'e a county board of educa- tion, or receive a license from the provinciul normal school, empowering them to teach, before thoy can claim the government allowance. The provinciul normal school is a highly ell'ectivo and useful institution, for the training of teachers, and annually sends forth from DO to l')U young men and women, who, having been uniformly instructed in the nrt of conducting a school uud communicating knowledge, are grad- ually establishing, in Upper Canada, u system of common-school education of great promise. The free school system is gaining ground in many parts of Canada ; the principle it involves implies the support of common schools, open to all, by a general tux, and the non-exuction of fees. Any scIkioI section nuiy udopt it by the vote of the niujority of its inhabitants. Separate schools for Uoman Catholics are sanctioned under certain regulations. The grununur schools are 0.'> in number, with 'Altd pupils. They ure intended to form o con- necting link between the common schools uud the universities. Teachers must be graduates of some \inivei'sity ; they receive un allowance from government in uddition to fees. The umoimt raised for grammar-school purposes, in IWof), was ilii.OOO sterling. IJesides u richly-endowed provincial university, supplied with u complete stnft" of highly com- petent ])rofessors and lecturers, there are several other universities and colleges in Upper Can ndu, in connection with ditlerent religious denominations. The standard of education adopted in some of the Canadian \iniversities, assimilates, as closely us possible, tu that established in the time-honoured institutions of (Jreat ISritain and Ireland, und the ranks of the professorial stall's are generally supplied from the same unfailing sources. All the expenses of a full uni- versity course in Toronto need not exceed ililo sterling per annum, bourd und tuition included. To the Provincial University, and to the University of Trinity College in connection with the Church of England, scholurships ure attached, which vary in value, from £!» stg. to £40 stg. [>er annum. These are awarded (at annual cxaminutions) to successful cundidates competing for them. In Lower Canada u system of education in some respects similar to that which has just been described exists, und is rapidly obtaining fuvour union;; the people. The superior schools there, however, ure of a very high order, und many of the seminui'ies attached to religious houses ure well endowed, und amply provided with ellicieut professors and teachers. B4 KKI.UIION — AOIlICULTirUK— CMMATK. Kki.kiion. AnionK CitimtlianM thoro U pnrfuct toluration in roliKioim miittorii. Wliilo, how- evur, hII rt'liKioiix iicv ri>ii|iwti<(l by law nnil Ity tlio |io(i|ilu, tlivro nru Htrliit UUtiuclidiiM jmiluuitljr prcHcrvcil lii'lwoiMi cliiirvlitii'J ; (!bunli of Si'otliiiul, 7r.,r.H7 ; (Miiiiob of Koiiip, HU.r.T I ; Kmi I'ich bytiTiuiiH, liil,;is^ ; otbor l'iv»bytoriiuin, H'.',7.'i;i ; WosU'yaii Mi'tlimliMtK, UI.M.'lli; KpiHcopiil Miitbo- iliNtM, 'tu.l'til; ikll otbi'i- Mi>tlioiliNlM,n'.','(IU; llu|iliMtN, I'.i.stH; lranit, l'J,li)7,otc.,(>vn nflor wluntt for tliirty yiMU'n; tlio lirst crops ylcliit'il itn avorii)((> ol •to Ixiidiclx to llio acre, bnl, nndi-r tlit- tlioiiKbtli'MH nyHti'm of liiiMhiuidry llirn porNiicd, tlu< yield diininiMlu'd to I'J l)nNlu>l)i to llio iicro, and conipt'llcd a cliunxR of crop, wliicb Noon liiid tbo ('ll'i'ct of rcxlorin^ tho land to iti« ori)(inul IVrtilily. lint tliiH MyHlom of luisbiindry bus ef- fected ilM own cure, and led to tbe introduction of a more rational niotbod of (ndlivutin){ tlie xoil. Yearx u^o, wben roadx were bad, and facilities for comninniealinK with niurketH few and fur be- tween, wheat wax the only Maleuble produce of the farm, ko that no ell'ort viiin spared to cnltivato that cereal to thn utnniNt extent. Now, ninco luilroudit, nuicadanii/,cd roads, and plunk roads have opened up the cinintry, and u^ricullural HocioticN have Nucceedcd in disseniinalin); much UHcfnl instruction and infonnation, husbandry has improved in all directions, and the natural fertility of the soil of thu old Hcttlcnients is, in (jreat part, restored. The averajje yield of wheat in some townships exceeds i!2 bushels to tho acre, and where tho least approach to ^ood farmin)( prevails llie yield rises to thirty, ami often forty bushels to tho acre. Un new land llfly bushels is not at all uncommon ; and it must not be forgotten, that Canadian wheat, )(rown near the city of Torondi, won a itrst prize ut the I'arls exhibition. It may truly be said, that the soil of what nnty be leiined the a)(ricultnral portion of t/anada, which comprises four-lllths of the inhabited portion, r.nil a vast area still in the hands of the ;(ovcrn- ment and now open to settlement, is unexceptionable; and when detcrioatiou takes place, it is the fault of the farnn>r, and not of the soil. In L'i>per Canada the yield of wheat one your con- siderably oxcoodod U0,( 100,0110 bushels; and tho quality of Canadian wheat is so superior, that the American millers buy it for the purjiose ol mixing with grain grown in tho United States, in order to improve the (|uulity of their Hour. Tho nuist erroneous opinions have prevailed abroad respecting the clinnito of ('ana|itvnil>. n with gruaaea, and wait live or aix ycara; but thu furmur with lim- ited meuna, puta thu i ' .. . op the next year, uithur with potutoea or apring grain ; then followa wheat again, o< .'<'. lute your, until he has power to clear enough new land for his wheat crop each year,— . ...i tlio old land ia luid down in meadow, nnd othurwiau cropped, with- yOiit much ultuiiliun to thu uauul genural ruloa of good furming, until thu atumpa rot aunicicntly to admit of thu fruo use of the plough. The beat Engliah and Scotch farmers then adopt the cnatomury three or four field ayatem, or otherwiae wheat, and winter and aummer fallow, each nltcrnntu year. The flrat crops are always put in with tho burrow alono. It ia, however, almost iinpoanible to apeuk poaitivcly in regard to this qucation, as it aeems to be quite a mutter of con- venience, or perliupa, caprice, us to tho manner in which the cultivation ahull proceed. Wo have farmers from nil parts of Ureat Uritain, Irclund, Europe, and tho United States, and each person uaaimilutes his pructiue, as much us poaaible, to the customs to which he bus been used— or thinks best for the country. I'uoDucB OK Cuoi'S. — Tho produce, per acre, of all crops varies much from year to yeor in Canada, owing to the late and early frosts. It is, howuvur, generally considered, that the follow- ing is a fair average of ten years, on all tolerubly cultivuted farms : — Wheat, iii> bushels ; barley, 30 bushels ; outs, 40 bushels ; rye, 30 bushels ; potatoes, 2")0 bushels per acre. Swedish turnips, mangel wurtzcl, und other roots of a similar kind, uru not generully aulliciently cultivuted to en- able an nveruge yield to be given ; but it may very safely be auid, that, with aimilar cure, culture and attention, tho produce will not be less per acre than in England. Flax and hemp are now coming rapidly into notice, us an additional resource to tho agriculturist, — tho quality of both articles is excellent, and the quantity obtained affords a profitable return — thu climate and soil being well adapted for their growth. Tobacco hus ulso been ruised in cunsideruble quantities, particularly in the western extremities of the province. Land Caiiriaoe.— That is, the hire of a team of two horses, nagon and driver, which will take 18 cwt. of load, may generally be reckoned at Sd. per mile, to the journey's end— supposing tho team to conic back empty ; cheuper lund truvelling than this, can, however, often bo obtained by making a bargain. Loo IIousE, on Shanty. — A comfortable log house, 16 feet by 24, with two floors, with shin- gled roof, £18 ; log burn, 34 feet by 40, £15 ; frume house, sumo dimensions, £80 ; do. barn, £100, suitable sheds, etc., £40. Tables, 10«. to 17«. 6d; stump bedsteads, 10« to 20s. each; chairs, per dozen, £1 5s, Boilers, saucepans, kettles, knives and forks, etc., etc., about 50 per cent over the usual sterling retail prices in England. It must be borne in mind, that the settler very seldom spends mo/ifi/ in erecting his buildings, they being generally built by himself, with the assistance of his neighbours, and added to, as his wants and increasing prosperity may from time to time require. The cost of household furniture, or rather the quantity required, varies 8<1 WOHK DURINO WINTER — PKODUCE— WA0K8— FOXtS, ETC. ^^A with the iilunit of almost every t'lunily. In moMt cdNcii, tlie hoiiHohold rurnltiiro of n new Kettler will nut bu fdiinil to oxcced in vulue ii\^; luniutlmuH, not half thut sum ; and Ih often inanutuu- tiired by the «<>ltU. Female servants, tl and £1 Tjs. per month. Day labourers, 4*. to r^s. — in harvest, V)i>. without board. The wages of car- penters and other trudesinen vary considerably according to the ability of the workmen ; they all range, however, between tU, !!(/. ond \'2i. lid. per day — taking these as the lowest and highest prices. These are the rates of wages to servants and workmen who are experienced in the work of the country. Newly-arrived emigrants do not get so much.* Taxes payable bv the Settleils, and Offices they are liable to be called on to serve.— Great alterations have lately been made in the laws relating to assessments — the power being now vested in the municipal councils, elected by the people, to impose what rates they pleuso. Each county, township, town, or incorporated village, elects its own council, and may, therefore, be said to tux itself. All the taxes raised by the council are expended witliin the several local- ities. There is a small tax for the provincial lunatic asylum, and some other public buildings, imposed by the legislature. It is, perhaps, useless to go into particulars, as almost every mu- nicipality varies in the amount of taxes imposed. The ofWces which settlers are liable to be called on to serve arc numerous, but are much sought after, as they are considered to confer distinction, and frequently emolument on the holders, who may be said to be members of a local ■ - government, in which is vested the levying of taxes, and administering the moneys collected from the settlers, for all purposes connected with their welfare, viz., the roads, bridges, schools, and improvements, and its other municipal atl'uirs, in none of which docs the provincial government now interfere. The phodablb Expense op scpportino a Family op five or six grown Persons, until they COL'LD r.ET sifficient from the Land to support Themselves. — Information from several per- sons has been received on this head ; the amount must necessarily vary according to the wants and usages of the family. Many persons will do with one-half of what others require ; and it is \' <) k;^ c Note.— The wages, nt pffxnt, (September, IS,"}?,) are only about one half of the nbnve rates, on aocoont of the general depression in commerce, and the low prices obtained by farmers for pi-iiii.— Eo. CANADA — THE GOVERNMENT FREE LANDS. 87 impoRRihlr, therefoi to give any decided informntion on thin point;— the pricei of produce and proriNlons givun, \ .11 enable each individiinl to juiIk« for hiinHclf. Support for a family i»rivrfly rviiulred fur niuro tlian twelve months, in which time, an induRtrioua family should bo ubio tu ruiite u crop for themielvcN, Arm WiLii Uranth troublkhour to Nkw Sktti.iciis ?— No. Some Bovero aeoKonR, wolves In remote ncttlenienti*, may annoy the furmer, but to u ouuill extent. Sheep are, however, in the more settled districts, gonerully protected by a fold; and the farmer lauy, now and then, lose u •tray hog by the bears— but many men have bi-cn Mettled for ten yoors in the province, without seeing eitlier wolf or bear. All wild animals are gutting scarcer every yeur, as the country bo- come!* settled. The coiihon Oamk or thr Country.— The gome in some ports is plentiful, and consists of deer, wood grouse, (colled partridges,) qunilH, rnbhits, (called horea,) and o greot variety of wild^ ducks and geese. Wild turkeys are numerous in the western section of Cniuula. Fish are also most abundant in all the lakes and rivers, and excellent of their kind ; but an observation made by an old farmer and wealthy settler, mny be added to the answer, as it is u very tnic one, viz : — That a new settler can oo^a a quarter of beef, in the time which it tokea him to bunt fur u quar- ter of venison. GOVERNMENT FREE LANDS. The following information is compiled from a circular issued by the Can.td!an govern- ment, as well us from a pamphlet issued by Mr. F, P. French, the government land agent, on the Opeongo Road ; — The Provincial Government have recently openud out THREE GREAT LINES OF ROAD, now In course of completion, and have surveyed and laid out for settlement the lands, through, and In the vicinity of which those roadx pass. The roads, aa advertised by the ogents of the government— appointed to the respective localities to afTord Information to tlie settler— are known as "TUE OTTAWA AND OPEONQO UOAD, "THE ADDINOTON KOAD," and "THE UA8TIN08 ROAD." THE OTTAWA AND OPEONGO ROAD Commences at a point on the Ottcwa River, known as " Ferrall's," a liltio ahove the mouth of the Bonchere River, and runs In a westerly direction, passing through the northerly part of the County o/ Renfrew. This road, and the country through which It passes, now open for settlement, Is easily accessible, and the agent for the granting of lands in this district, Is Mr. F. P. French, who resides at Mount St. Patrick, near Renfrew, on the Opeongo Road, a few miies from the lands which are to be granted. To reach the section of the country under Mr. French's charge, the settler must go from MONTREAL up to the Ottawa River, to a place called Bonchere Point, and thence by land 8ou.e twenty -five or thirty miles westward to the township of Grattan, in which Mount St. Patrick is situated. The distance from Ferrall's Landing to the village of Renfrew Is but T miles, and a stage is on this road in summer, which conveys passengers for about 'in. M. each. Thus, from Quebec to Renfrew, a distance of 307 miles, may be travelled at a cost of £1 'i». M. sterling. At Renfrew, the emigrant is within 16 miles of this agency, (Mr. French's,) and he will have no difficulty in procuring a mode of conveyance to take him there, and hence along the Opeongo Road, should he be unable or unwilling to walk. The f . t of the free lots is 'M miles from the Ottawa River, and as the entire length of the Opeongo Road is 99 miles, it thus leaves 79 miles upon which free grants are being given. This road commences at Ferrall's Landing, on the Ottawa, crosses the Bonchere at Renfrew, and then taking a north-westerly course, it runs midway between the Bon- chere and Madawaska Rivers on to Lake Opeongo. It is intended to connect this with a projected line of road known as " Bell's Line," leading to the Lake Muskako, and Lake Huron, by a branch which will diverge from the Opeongo Road, In the township of Brudenell, at a distance of about 63 miles from the River Ottawa, forming, with " Bell's Line," a great leading road, or base line, from the Ottawa to Lake Muskako, 171 miles in length, passing through the heart of the Ottawa and Huron territory, and opening up for settlement a vast extent of rich and valuable land. The Bonchere and Madawaska Rivers- between which this road runs— are Important tributaries to the Ottawa, and contril)ute a large quota of the very best timber that annually passes down that river to the Quebec market. Over 40 miles of the road are now good for wagons, and as the remaining portion will be repaired next spring, settlers can easily take in their families and supplies at ail periods of the year. For some years past, settlers have been occasionally locating themselves on the wild lands of the Crown, in the nelKhhourhood of this road, and as there are besides over 120 of the free lots at present conceded, those who cuuie in future will experience no dlHiculty in obtaining prompt gratuitous assistance to erect their shan- ties, and temporary accommodation while they are being put up. Twelve men can build a good shanty in a day — the timber of which It is constructed being always to be had on the spot. The best possible feeling prevails among the settlers, and no kindness that any one of them can render is ever denied to the stranger, no matter from what country he hails, or at what altar he kneels. Settlers are permitted to select theh: own lots, those coming first havingflrst choice. The lots are all posted and numbered. ^ TIIK ADDINQTOV AND IIA8TIN08 KOAI) FRKK LANDS. m ' Ai ytl, lh( ninrett vlllaRn to tha rni<1 tr* K«nfr«w, Douglu, kn ihera and at Kuan- villa each altaniule Munday. Thare It alio a Cuthallo church two nillea frnm DouKlitit, ami another at Kgitn- villa ) In tha r»rnier tha cIvrKynian olDclutea onca a month, and at tha lattar twico » month during tha aum- roar, anil onca a month during the winter. At Mount Ht. Patrick, and 8 milea from the caat and uf the ruad, there Is alio a iioitoDlco and • Cathollo church : « clergyman attenda onca » month. The free Iota un tho cuit end of the road, for I'i nillea, He within the recently organlied townihtp of Urat- tan, which la already pretty well aettled. No achoolt havo oa yet been ettubllahed on the road, but there la no doubt that, eru long, churchea will bu erecleil, and aehool aectiona dellned. In thia province, the " Volun- tary Hyttem" oblaint In regard to all churchea, but the tchuola are liberally aided by the govarnmcut. TlIK AUDINUTON ROAD, Commencing In tho towntlilp of Angleaea, In the northern part of the county of Addlngton, near the village of I'llnt'a Mlila, In Kaladar, runa almoal due north to the lUver Madawaaka— a diitance of 80 milea — and U to be continued thence for the diatance uf '26 mllei, till It Interaecia the Ottawa and Opeungo Road. The ageul for the granting of the land In thIa dlatrlct la Mr. K. Perry, who, for that purpose, la now resi- dent at the villuge of FLINT'S MII.I.8, The outlines of nvo townships uf very superior land are already surveyed nnd ready for settlement within tho limits of the agency lying north of luke Mnssanuka, anJ be- tween It and the Klver Madawoska. The townships are called, respectively, Ablnger, Denbigh, Aahley, Efllng- ha;n, Anglcaen, and Barrio. Tho direct route to this section Is by way of KINGSTON, Canada West, thence to NAPANKK, either by rail or steamboat, and thence north to the township of Kaladar, and the village of FLINT'S MILLS, whero Mr. Ferry resides. THE IIABTIN08 ROAD. ' . The government ngent is M. P. Ilajvog, who rcsiilcs at the village of Mndoo, from whom we have received the following particulars respecting the district : — Tho Hastings Free Grant Road commences on the northern boundary lino of tho townships of Madoo, 18 miles from the village of tho same name where my office Is. Tho latter Is distant from Dellevlile, 86 miles ; the road Is good between these points, and thero Is a stage carrying tho n;~ll each way, dally. Faro |1.00. The stage leaves Dellevlile every morning at 8 o'clock, and arrives at Madoc at 4 In tho afternoon. The tract of country through which the flrat forty miles of the Hastings Road runs, presents a very varied aspect. It la. In general, hilly and stony, with patches of good level at Intervals, The soil Is a sandy loam mixed with cluy In some places, and In others with vegetabxi mould of more or less richness. This portion of the road is now pretty well settled, and a large number of the lots In tho township, on both sides of the road, are being taken up by actual settlers. The crops of the present season were most excellent all along the roail. tho wheat having, so far, in these back settlements, escaped the ravages of tlio " weevil," which has of late been so destructive to that crop in other townships. Continuing along the Hastings Road In a northerly direction, through the tract of rough land to which I have Just referred, we have a flne level, or rather, gently undulating country, between the branches of the Madawaaka River, emptying Into tho Ottawa* This tract of good land extends for a breadth of 18 or 20 miles in a north and south direction, and extends eaat and west to a considerable distance. The timber, chiefly hard wood, is large, straight, and thrifty. The soil Is a mixture of vegetable deposit with sandy loam, and the crops, of every description, have been satis- factory for the last two seasons. This tract Is Intersected also by a new line of road, opened by the govern- ment during the present season, and connecting the Hastings Road, at the Junction of the townships of Wick- low and Monteagle, with tho Opeongo Road, a distance of 40 miles. The climate of this part of Canada Is decidedly healthy, probably the most so of any part of the conti- nent of America, and this consideration should enter very largely Into the account on a comparison with other territories. Tho country Is rapidly filling up with a good class of settlers, and In the ordinary course, the lands which are given free this year, will be worth four or Ave dollars an acre In the course of four or Ave years. In addition to the free grants on the Hastings Road, the government Is opening a range of townships, fourteen In all, namely seven at each side of tho road. These townships are ten miles square, and contain each about 000 lots of 100 acres. Two townships are already open for sale at eight cents per acre, and the remainder will be brought Into the market very soon. Emigrants should put themselves Immediately In communication with the government agent. Fromhim they will always receive valuable and reliable advice. In order to facilitate tho settlement of tho country, and provide for keeping In repair tho roads thus opened, the government has authorized free grants of land along these roads, not to exceed In each case, ONE HUNDRED ACRES, upon application to the local agents, and upc i the following oondltloiis :— w CONDITIONS or UUANTING FRKU LANDS IN CANADA. 89 CONDITION*. Th«t the aeUltr b* •l(ht«fn y*»n of •(•. TImt ho tak* imnvHlon of the Unil •llotUil to him within on* month, tnd put Id • ittt* of eoltlrttlon, •! Itiwt tw«lv« kcrm of Ihu Uiiil In thv unuri* uf four ycitn— hullil » houar, («t lewt by 11) ftit,) knd rttld* on thn lot until the ronclltluni of nettlement are duly |i«rformuil ; sfler which tccumplUbnienl only ih*U tb* ■cllli'r have thn rliilit of ulitiilnlnit a t.tle to the iiroperly. Pamlllei, eomprldng leTeral lettlan, entitled !• land.i, iirt'rcrrInK to realile on a •Irixle lot, will be exenipleil from the ubllnullon of hullcllng anil of rnlileDoe, («ii'('|it upon the lot on which Ihry live,) provliled that the rei|ulred clearing of the land be made nn eaeh l(il. Tliu iionHci'oniplliihinrnt of theie oonilltlune will cauie the Immediate Ion of the aatlgned lot of land, which will he Hold or glwn to another. The mud having been opvned by the government, the lettlen are required to keep It In repair. Thu lornl agnnto, whoie niimea and place* of abode have already been given, will furnlah every Informa- tion to Ihu Intending aeltler. Thu I.UOIIUt'HK required by the government to be built, b of auch a description ai can be put up In four diiya by Ave men. The nelghboun generally help to build the log-cabin for newly-arrived leltlen, vlthoat charge, an '. when thia Is done, the coat of the erection la small, the roof can be covered with barV, and thi spaces between the logs plastered with clay and whitewashed. It than becomes a neat dwelling, and warm as a stone house. The lands thu* opened up, and olTered for settlement, are. In sections of Canada West, capable, both u to soil and climate, of producing abundant crops of winter wheat, of excellent quality and full weight, and also, crops of every other description or farm produce, grown In the beat and longest cultivated districts of that portion of the province, and fully aa good. Tlicru are, of course, in such a large extent of country as that referred to, great varieties in the character and quality of land--iame lols being much superior to others; but there Is an abundance of the very beat land for farming purposes. The lands in the neighbourhood of these three roads will be found to be very similar In quality and character, and covereu with every variety of timber— some with hard wood, and soma with heavy pine. Water for domestic use is every where abundant ; and there are, throughout, numerooi itreami and falls of wutcr, capable of being used for manufacturing purposes. The heavy-tlmhereil land is almost always the best, and of it the ashes of three acrH— well taken oar* of, and covered from wet— will produce a barrel of potash, worth from £6 to £T currency. The capital re- quired to manufacture potash le very small, and the process Is very simple and easily understood. Thp "xpenie of clearing and enclosing heavily-timbered lands, valuing the labour of the settler at th* hl„<«>Hi •"-.■' ■: aoout '''OUR 1'0UND9 currency per acre, which the first wheat crop, if an average one, will nearly repay. The best >..'Tiber for fencing is to be had In abundance. CANADIAN Or"-:....,..;i:.^T AGENTS AND LANDS. Kmlgrants desirous of purclioalng any of the Crown lands in Upper or Lower Canada, may obtain th* full- est Information, as to the price and quality of the landa for sale, in their respective countteK, by applying to the undermentioned Crown Land Agents, via. :— Priccti of Lands range from 1«. to lOs. per acre. CROWN LAND AOBNTB IN UPPER (WB8TliRN) CANADA. CountUn. Afftnlt. SeHdmott. Stormont, Dundas and Oiengary, — Saraut-l Hart Cornwall. ■, I'rescolt and Uusaeil N, Stewart Vankleekhlll. Carleton John Durle Ottawa. Lanark O. Kerr Perth. Itenfrew William Harris Renfrew. Leud* and Orcnvllle W. J. Scott Hrescott. Kruntenuc, Lenox and Addlngton.... Allan McPherson Kingston. llHstlnipi Francis McAnnany Uelleville. Prince Kilward N. Ilallurd Plcton. Northumberland and Durham Vacant Port llope. Peterboro' and Victoria Walter Crawford Peterboro'. York, Peel and Ontario Vacant Toronto. Plmcoe lohn Alexander Barrle. Waterloo II. S. llubcr Berlin. Wellington Andrew (leddes Elora. Orey William Jackson Durham, (Bentlnok P. 0.) Wentworth ...T. A. Ambrldge Hamilton. Halton Vacant Milton. Uncoln, Ualdemand and Welland... Henry Smith Smlthville. ONford John Carrol UeachvlUe. Norfolk Duncan Campbell Simcoe. Middlenex and KIgIn John B. Askhi London. Kssex D. Moynahan Sandwich, Kent. and Lambton J. B. Brooke Raleigh. Huron WIdder Goderich. Perth John Sharman Stratford. Ilruce Alexander McNab Saugeen. \i\" 40 CANADIAN OOVERNMKNT— LAND AOIINTS, STO. OBOWX LAMB AUHTI IV LOWIR (■*»■■») OAKADA. Ag*ttl$, NOIITN or IIVII OTTAWA. AM<oanl Thr«* Klvcn Kt. Mturler AmkbU liuchot Ht. Anns La I'irad* I'urti of OliampUIn and Portntuf. Ifnaot P. Ditf Mt. Kayinur.d I'artnf Portoouf. MoLtan HIawart (Juehco Qutbeo. Id. Tremblay Murray Bar Pari of flaruooay. I .. _„ .... iohnKana?; Urand Balo. Do. }1«. P«Aor« ■OUTH or mVtR IT. LAWREMCI AND WMT Or IIVKR CHAVDIIRI AND KCNNIKO ROAD. Joihna 8. LtwU nuntlniilon Beauharnolt. Wm. Plcmlng Itahy vllle Iliintlnitdon. [Btanittad Orin J. Kemp Frell||li»l)urg HhetTard and part of Mluuquol and John Polton Hlierbrooko Part of Hherbronke, Drumninnd and Oharlei^O. Hheppard Wendovc Part of Drummood. [Btanitead. N. A. Beaudet Arthabaika. OaorKo A. Bourgtoii 8t. Ortigolre J. T. I.e Hel : . . . Oarthbay F. X. Pratlo Htanfold John Hume Leedi Jean 0. C. Arcnud 8t. Joieph do la Beauc*. Oyprlen Ulanchet .8t. Pran{oU Do. Andrew Roei Pranipton Do. Do . Part of Bherhrook* and Drummond. .Part of Drummond and NIoolet. .Part of Megantlc. Do. Do. Do. and Doreheiter. iOUTH or RIVIR fT. LAWRCNCE AKD lAIT Or RIVIR CHAVDIIRI. Andrew Rom Frampton Part of Megantlo, Dorcheiter A Bell*-' 8. V, Larue 8t. Chnriei, River Boyer H. Boyer Apart BellechaHe. [ohaue. FranfoliTttu 8t. Thomai L'lilet and part of Bellechuie. I ^ Florence DeftuUe 8te. Anne La Pocatlire Part of Kamouraaka. J. U. Lepage KImouakI Part of Kamouraika and Oaipi. Louie N. Uauvreau Me Verte Part of Kiraouikt Joe. A. Le Bel New Carllile Bonaventur*. I,. „., .„. John Eden Oaip6 Bavin Partof Oaip«. p»- P" *"•• , TEBMH or BALI AND OCCUPATION. NOTICK Is hereby given that future sale* of Crown landi will be at the prio** and on the tormi ipeelflad In the reepective localities mentioned below : — Weat of the countle* of Durham and Victoria, at leven ihllllngi and ilxpence per acre, payable In ten an- nual InalalmenU with Interest, one tenth at the time of sale. East of the county of Ontario, within Upper Canada, four ahllUnga per acre. In the county of Ottawa, three ahillinga per acre. From thence, north of the St. Lawrence to the county of Saginaw, and south of the 8t, Lawrence In th* district of Quebec, east of the Ch. For lands enhanced In value by special circumstaacea, such extra price may be fixed as His Ezoilliiot TBK OuviRNOR'OiNRRAL In Council may direct. Actual occupation to be immediate and continuous, the land to be cleared at the rate of Ave acres annu- ally for every hundred acres during five yeara, and a dwelling houae erected not less than eighteen feet by twenty-six feet. The timber to be subject to any general timber duty that may be Imposed. The sale to become null and void In case of neglect or violation of the conditions. The settler to be entitled to obtain a patent upon complying with all the condition*. Not more than two hundred acres to be sold to any one person. CANADA I.AND8 FUR HALE— EM 10 RATION OrriOUH. 41 MHOOI. LANM rOH lALI, Th« Hehool Until In Iht aountiM of Bruot, Urty, mU Huron, mi now optn for mU* to aotutl Mlltan on th» followlni Urnii, vll. ;— Thi prict to hf ten •hlliinia p«r noro, pnyiihl* In ton •qiial «nnii»l lniUlm*nU, wllh Inttrul : th* AnI In Itnlinont In b* paid upon rectlving authnrily tn inltr upon th« Uml, Actual aceupatliin to bi ImmtdltU and contlnudiu ; lh« land to bt clearml at th« rat* of Av< tm annually fur evary hundrad acrei during tlM tnt fly* ytarf i a dwcllinf houH, at Itaat •Ulil»«n faai y twtnty-iU, to b* (raetad ; tho ttnibur to b« r** Itrrml until tht land haa betn paid for In full and pati'i i«(l, and to bt auhjiot to any pncral tinihtr doty th«riaft«r; a llcvnaa of occupation, not aulgnablu wlilioul parniUilon, to ho grknttd; tht lal* and thall- etntt of occupation to btoomt null and rolil In cait of ntgltct or violation of any of tht oondlllnni | tht Ittlltr to bt cntltlad to obtain a patmt upon complying with all tht condition! ; not mora than two hundrtd •crtt to bt iold to any ont ptraon on thttt ttrm*. All tmlgrania who rtquirt lnft)rniatlon at to tht btat routta and chtaptat rattt of eonvtytnct, to any part of Oanada, ihould apply to tht amigrant aganta alatlonad at tjuebao, Montrtal, or Toronto, who will alio diract tmlgrantt. In want of aniploymant, to plaeaa whcrt they may obtain It, Tht agtnta will alto gift itttltn Information ai to tht bttt and lafttt mod* of rtmlltlDg monty to thtir rtlatlom or fritndi rtaldlng In any part of Urtat Brttain or Irtland. ROVTI TO THR aOMRNMRNT FREI LANDS ON TUI OPIONOO ROAD. nOM, Montrtal , TO. OOaTITAKOI. Ottawa City Aylmtr ;Onilow " iFltiroy " Arnprlor " Briatol " Sand Point " Ilnnchere Point. . '• Ki-rrall'e I-andlng » Portage du Fort , " I Ptmbrok* Ottawa City, I Orand Trunk Railway . (Lake Uytown.) f Kteainer and Hallway . . Aylmer HtHKx ur wagon Httamtr Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. and Stagt , MILH. 181 It • S4 80 40 41 45 AO 09 «0 90 St. 6». i*. i: 8«. 4«. 4«. M. it. 6d. tit. 5«. 0a. 6«. 19.00 l.BO 0.00 0.00 n.TO 1.00 1.194 i.isl i.«r 1.30 1.00 1.90 Portage du Fort. ritiroy and Arnprlor. Bonchtre Point, or FerraUl Landing. To Townihlpa of Onalow, Brittol, and Clarendon Land at Onalov, " Lltchfl«ld and upper townthipa on the north aide of tht Ottawa '* Vltiroy, Iluntly, Packenham, Ramaay, McNab, Renfrew, Bromley " Horton, Uagot, Admaaton, or to Mount St. Patrick, In the townahip of Urattan, the rcHldence uf Mr. Krench, the agent for the Opeoogo Road, '29 milea from Fer- rall'a Landing The newly-aurveyed townthipa of Bebaatopol, Brudenell, Algona, and Rolph, eaeh 10 milea aquare, are now open for aettlement, diatance about 20 milea from Mount St. Patrick. Emigranti proceeding to any of tho abore placea, will receive every information reapeoting the landi open for tale in thete reapectire iocalltlaa, ttom the following Crown Land Agenta :— At CLARENDON MR. F. B. IIRATH. CALUMBTTB " p. x. BA8TIBN. ALUMBTTE " JOHN LYNCH. RENFREW " WM. HARRIS. MT. ST. PATRICK " T. P. FRENCH. a EXCILLMOT OOTERNMENT EMIGRATION OFFICERS TO CANADA. QUEBEC A. 0. BUCHANAN, Chief Agent. MONTREAL A. CONLAN. OTTAWA CITY FRANCIS OLEMOW. KINGSTON ALLAN McPHEKSON, Crown Land Agent. TORONTO A. B. HAWKE, Chief Emigrant Agent, Upper Oanada. HAMILTON T. 0. DIXON. Who will furniah emigranta, on application, with advice ai to the routes, diatancea, and rate* of convey- ance, aiao reapeoting the crown and other lands for sale, and will direct emigranta In want of employment to where It may be procured. 41 IIANKH IN (JUKAT HHITAIN, ll'lKLANI), AND CANADA. UANKM IN (UtKAT imiTAIN AND IIIKUND, With tli«tr »||i>nla in ('ftniMU, upon wlmm ihty draw, •ml ||r»iil lottor* of ermlll. Hiinhrt in ilrilnin, pntw .in./ (/ii* Irthm <>'*• ■• Clljr Hmik Hunk of TutDiito hikI UKiiitii. " Joint StiH'k Itttnk , Cmtimi'nlHl llnnk mul HKfiU. " irnliiii llitnk , ,.,,, Motitriul ilnnk untl ikKviiU. " (llyn, Mill* A Co Qiitihou llitnk unit hkkiiU. ' ' City llttnk of MontriMil Hiul ttKanli. " " " " (iiirn Hunk uml itKi'ntii. " Hi)«iin<|iu't k, C( NlnKiim Dliilrici Hunk nml •({•'nt*. " Olyn, Milli A Co Hitnk ilii IVnpIt*, Montreul, •nil NKenU. " Onlnriii Hunk uml nK**nta. '* liritiiili North AmiiricK Uwn brunclii'a •ml uKi'nt*, Mvfrpoiil, Hunk of l.ivvrpiiol Montrvul Hunk nml ut(trciitl Hunk Coinnivri'iul llitnk of (!unuilft And ngsnti. " Union Hunk , . . ., Uoru Hunk uml uKontit. OI«f){ow, Hritinli l.incn Compmiy Montrdi Hunk und uKontii. " Clydi'pidalo Hunk Coinmcrcinl hunk of (.'itnndn and uKent*. Dublin, HoyK', Low, I'im k Co " " " " " " NutiiinnI Hunk of Iroliind City Hunk of Montreal and •genii. Ily rort'rcnco In the ubovp, and uUo to tlin Miit of HiinkN in ('anada with their AKunciv*, itwitl •I oneo he Mui'n with whom thit hunkii In (IrvHt Hrituin und Irclund have corr«iipondi'nt«, in dif- fflrvnt purti of Canada, ami through whom iiionuy cun hu roniittt'd ur receirud. IIANKH IN CANADA, WITH TIIKIU AfJENCIKS. Wor Bttnki in Ortat BHMn and Irtlnml, who ar* itgtntufur th* /lilloiHng, tet Hit qf Bank* in Ortat BfUatn and IrtUind, prtc»illng thU. pt.«ru<, KAMKMnriiAiiKH. orrii.'iiHit. BnrHt ITiipirCunuiluK. I.hIIv, AKciit, " Toronto Aiigiiii KiiMrll.ARt. MtlittUU ll|i|it'r('nniiila K. Il.il.lcii, Ag. nt, " CommtTi'lul A. TlimniiH.iii, M'r. " M.intri'iil <1. Mt'MiltT, M'r. Btrltn Upper (.'anudnO, Itnvl.ltoii, Avt. Bouniinirllle Dntakid 1). KIkIht, CiitliliT. " I'pper rnnuilull. MenrnH, Agi'iit, " Mniilreiil 0. Dyi-K, MuiiiiKfr. Bradfiinl City Uiiiik A. Mc.MintiT, Aift. Bfaiilfiinl H. N. AiiicrloR J. C. (leddus, M'r. " UjipiT Camtdu T. H. Htiortt, Afti'iit. " Monlrcnl A. (Irli-r, Mmiax«r. Mrofkrlllt Upper C'lMimla K. F. Church, Agt. " ComiiiiTcliil J. Iliiiierort, M'r. " Mnntreiil V. M. IIolmc«, M'r. Vkiitham Upper OunudaO. Tlioinitii, OH»h'r. " Onininerclul T. Mi^Crue, Aijenl. " (lore A. Cliarterl«,AKeiit. CMpptvn Upper Canitdit .1. Muekluni, AK''iit. Oobtmrg Montreal ('. II. Morgnn, M'r. " Toronto J. H. Wiilhice, A({t. ComKnll Upper Canada J. V. PrlnKlu, Ant. " Montreal W. Mattlce, At(ent. DundiiH II. N. America Wm. l.uali, A((eiil. JClgii Zimmkhman'b J. W. Dunklee, Ca. Oalt, (iore J. Unviilaon, Agt. " Commercial W.Cooke, Muniig'r. Godn'ieh UpperCaiiuda J. McDonald, AKt. " Montreal II. MoCiitchun, Ag. Ouelph (lore T. !*un. Crawford, C. " Upper Canada A. flow, ("ashler. " It. N. America (I. II. Taylor, M'r. " Montreal A. Mllroy, Mamig. •• Commercial W. U. I'urk, M'r. Micni, MAMinioriiANiiH. orrimiiii. IngtrmiH Coniiiierelnl W, M. Hage, Agi'nt. " Niagara Itiat't. C. K. Chadwl.k, Ag. Klnunton CoMMKHciAi. C. H. Hiinii, Canlilir. ^' UplierCuniiila W. *l. IIIiiiIk, CiiHh. " 1). N. Ainerii'U.H. Taylor, Maiiag. " Montreal A. Ilrummoiid, M'r. /.Inittiii/ Upper Canada J. McKIMion, Agt. hiniloH Upper Canada J. Hamilton, CjihIi. " II. N. America T. Christian, M'r, " Commercial J. (1. Harper, M'r. " Montreal W. Dunn, Manager. " (lore C M.innarrutt, Ag. Montftal MoNTRKAl. D. DavliUoii, Cash. " CiTr Uamk V. McCiilloch, Ca. " l)i; I'Ki'Pi.i! 11. II. Lemnlne, Ca. " Mni.Ho!<'« W. Sarhe, Canlilcr. " Upper Canada K. T. Taylor, M'r. " II. N. America It. CaOHeN, Maniig. " Commercial T. Klrliy, Manager. " Quehec Hank iln I'euple, A, " Provincial J. I). Nutler4Co.,A. Xeirfiiittlt Toronto H. Wilnmt, Agent. Xliigiirii Upper Canailu T. McCorndck, Ag. Nliiilet Queliec I,. M. Cresse, Agt. (hik-rllU Toronto J. T. M. Ilurnaide, A (Miduil Ontario ,?. IL Warren, M'r. Ottiiwil Upper Canada It. 9. Camiels, Agt. " n. N. America A. C. Kellv, Agent. " Montreal P. 1*. Ilarrln, M'r. " Quebec II. V. Noel, Agent. Piirh (lore J. Nlinnio, Agent. I'trth Cniumercial A. Leiille, Agent " Montreal J. Mclntyre, Agent, Petfrbro' Commercial \V. Cluxlon, Agent. " Tor.)nto Jame» Hall, Agent, " Montreal K. McholU, Agent Pietim Montreal J. Oruy, Agent. BANKKIIH IN ()ANAI»A -roHTAI, IlKUT I.ATIDNH. iiJti'M. liMMiir »«■■■. iirriiiM. ftirt llwu*, r|>|i«rr*niiiU J Ntnitrt, Afonl. •• TMr.>iil» i V. WitUh, A|i>ii« » ('»niin< n Ul W r \Ufwt, M'r " M'Milri-itl H HI<'lMtrii, A| " MmUhii'i |> Hiiiiirl, .\(>-iil htrt SltnUty t'>ininirri'l«| V, V. Witrr>ii, Am* /VMtiiM Conintrri'UI J I'lttlun, A(>>iil. ijHilitO t^lUNKi' C tlrlliliiiia, I'nali ** I |lA J ¥ llrii I* Miiiilri'iil J |tl»v»iiiiiM, M'r. • ('•iiiiiiii'nliil — — ■ ■ ■ t'llv Itiiiik . •• liii l>.Mi|.in gu«b«a Vk, AfU. SUi'nUl t*|i|ii'r<'itiiiiilii - ('•iiiiiiii'n'UI (I. W, ThMnH,A||t, SlilttSI* .VilWi.H. N Aliinrli* J. KllllKIKtoll, A*). Shrihrimk* niy lluiik M. I(ll<'lil», Aiinil. Sliiii'ii* Horn l>. <'itiii|ilii'll, Alt. " Moiilrriil H. Hriiil, Agmit. .SiiH4hiiiiiiili>n, . . rpiivrl'iiiiitilit A. MrNitlih, A(iiiiiv{i<' Mmillii, AKt. " II. N. AmiTliu \V. Hi'.iugiill, AkI. " Miiiitri'iil M. Ht>'Vi'ii»i>ii, Aift. " Ituvlii'i' J. Mi'DoiiKnll, Agt. Tiiiiinto I'l-i'KHt'tNiiiAT. U. Klilixil, (!it>h. " TiiNiiNTo A. CiiiiH'riui, Ciwli. '* II. N. Ainiirli'tt W. (I. I'liot'lii, M'r. " riiiMiiii'n-lul 0. J. ('uiu|ilii'll, >l'r. • MiMilr.ul II. r. llurwlrk, M'r. • Clly llHiik T. W...i.l«lili., .M'r •• Qiifl..'.' W. \V. lliiii»c,m,*M. " Dii I'l'iiiili! K. ¥ Wlillli'iiMiri'.A ^ " MnlriMiiN J. OliiKii, AK>'iit. Ti'riilim Moiil ri'ikt J. I 'iiiiiiiiliiK, A|{t. W/iithf/ M'lntruHl T. I>"'», Axciil, nVmi/otwA' Un|, AKt'iit, " Miintri-nl W, I'. I*ii omi'<. lllYh. MIIU A t'n. Illy il'k or l.oiKlun, I.Mii JolhiHlk H'k. I iiloii h'k u/ l.oiiil. • •1)11, Mill) M r.> lllyii, Mlll'i ( ('». Illvii, Mlll» * Co. lli>a(tiMiiii'( Jll'riiiika lllyii, MIIU A r. ri.4rn. l.Diiilon cA'nif. ) »q«iiTl rn«. H N. Aiii>r1«» l>|iii Miigiirii IXit, liii T'>ii|ii» lliitHrlo Hiilik lll.yii, MIIU « I'll. " " ..,„..,, llHiik i>r MvariKKil. /./i'«i'iinn< (X>i|;.) .Moiilrful llrllUli Miioii To. ICiUnhurtfh (.Si'»<.)l >|m r I'minil* llrllUli 1,1 1 I'o. ■■ " Moiiiri'iil roiii lUiik of Hi'ul. " " (liiiiiiiM'ri liU I iiloii lliiiil). " " Horn llrllUh l.lnon I'o. iltin^nw (.^.n!.). . Moiilri'iil I'lyiUiliilM H'k'iil'o. " " romiiiiri'liil lliiylK, l.nw A Mm.lhihHn (/iWnni/. trnninirrii.il NitlloMiilH'k Ini'il, " '• '"■ "■•'■ J. II. KliiH k Hoiw. Stui Yurk. . . . lUiik III rniiimrnn. " H ilrll. r. II. Ilriilii, " *!'. r. Hmllh, Ak'U. Mi'riiliiiiilii' lliiiik. " llllllk of roilllllrri'*, " MitltlitncI A Hholiia. " irkorUi-Ki'iMiliIlp, •* \Viinl< A t'iil>Mc. " fill l>Hii|il« irknrthvKi'iMihlli'. " Oiilurlo Hunk MKrcliitiiU' llniik. ttiuiton Moiitniil lllitki>, Monro A I'o. " l'|i|o'rriiMtiiU M«ruliitiiU' lliiiik. " Coihioinliil N. V. Hlulo llniik. Alhuny r|>|M'rriiiiii(lit N. V. HIiilH Hunk. ■■ I' iiK'rilitl N, V. ^'talo Iliiiik. " (Ion- I., Wrlicht'ii lliiiik. Onrigo l'|i|ior<'jiiiitil» I.. WrlKlit'n lliiiik. " Coiiiiin'rclul I., \VrlKlit'« Iliiiik. " Toroiiii. Hoi'licnlcr I'llv H'k.Riirhmtn' r|i|n'rriiimil» H'k of II. N. Aiiii-r..S/. ,/<>A»(.V. H.) ..II. N. AnKrltn Com. Hunk, N. II. " " Woi^Imm' H'k of H. N. .\iH<-r./filll/Uw(\. .V)...H. N. Ami'rlr* H'k of II. N. Aiiior.vr ./»/i«(.V, A'.) .11. N. Amurlc» CiMilriil Hunk. f'rtiltrktoii(\. Bj.Huulvo CHv Honk .1 |>tlrrCitllltllk Toronlo II, N. AtiiiirU* CoiMioorrUI MiHitriiil UlllloH! rily Hitnli (lor* rrtlllll,l Itllil llml'lliV ll'> Kl. John. ('iirmril.Sl'r. I'aymeiit opllqnul. I.ctlorH to In- forwiirili'd by Ilrilbli Hteiiiiier, from HohIoii or New York, muat be spi'cliUly Ko iiililri'HHi'il. Cliiinpn of 111.' clenoiiilniitloii of lJ<^,n(^, flut Hie I'rovliieu lire iitliiclied" po^l-;lnl( e ciirH, c-iifij liiK rallwiiy mull elerkK, iiiiil iit theite "Triivellliitf I'oHt- olliees" CIIII he posteil iil eiieh uliilloii siieli eorred- potiilenoe an iiiiij he too lute for iiialMiiK I" the nrriln- nry maimer. Letlern, hoivever, iiialleil In the post- otUce ear eiin he prepaid only hy U!repiiyuieiit lu inuuey. Ornit RrtUiin and trthiml. fly Hrltliih (t'linurd) mall uteamern, rrom New York or HoHtoii, 10>/. eiirrency (■<>giilri«lt»it, IMl i Mtrh rogklKillliKi, »lltl Mia < ^'ftlHi itlM >llir| t»oti\\ii, »t» I iukI »III iitit lix »>iitn>' iir lit! II ifMtra ihroiiyfi ih< y ••liiliiK Itu'lr il>M«»r« «l .|a«tliiitil< ■ !• |l4rlMll.H) III lllltkK (llliil mit |. U, I .ill. M'.l |.l«, •rUlnif ii|Miii iIk' iiiU>'itr>litg« III •iijr •.■. Ii 1. ii< r ..r lit ■'HiilvNia, Th« mUt ami rcffiiUM.ni* nrK •• r.i|lii»> A ImmiIi |(iit>ll»>f hull' I'tiiil llll 4MV liilltlhrr iif ■i*piiri«l* ttiiiili*. |iiiMI<'itMi.iM. •Mrk> "( llivrKiufu «t »ti, •liiimi •a«, iiiH|i«. |irlii(4, tir ftritiltti U-iici-m, ai.'l itiiv qiMii 11)^ >'l |>*|i'r, tilliiiii, iir ii.irrlii > hi (in \ur k*. hwlnn iif wrllUn Ml>n whrlhvr •fiitnl nr ■■in'iil, •ml ih« liii'ik*. iiiniM, nil' , ntity vIMiKr l» inrlDiii. |irliit<.il \>» •lMi«r brltUh. •'.il.iiil.il. ..r ruri'tKH. Th* ritlva .i( |i.»i4||ii : . idrf I '«». a, •/. a. •/. fur « |i«i'ki') M»l •'«■ Iliiii t <>• •■'liitil I) n— II 4 " •tariMl'ii lix , itiiiliiitl Kircv.rnilli 111, ■' III. " " lt»>. " IJIIia. '• •* UHm. " illia " " IHm. •• Vtliia " " «(ll>a " llllia —mill an nil, liii'ri'Haliiv 1^' alarlliii for rvrr) •il4llluli- il hiilf (miiii.t iir 'nii'lT'iii of hiiK it |iiiiiiiil. I'lic rii||.>nilliliiii»iiiii«l III' I'ltrrfiilly ohMirvail, M iiri'ii'illii'.l hv 111!' liii|Mrliil |i.i«l iillli'i. - t.i>'r> I Il iMii'lii'l liiiial lie •lihir ollliiiiil It (ATar, ilff III 14 I'livrr n|irli III till* fliiU Iir *tiliiiri' wliitlnvi'r Nil iiiii'lii't iiiii>l I'ti'i'iil iMii fi'i'l III li'iiglh, hriiiiillh, iir wlillli Till* iiimUgi- iif liiKik |iui'k«U niiial Im |m|i| In »il- vniii'i*, li.v |i.»hi|t<' >tiiiii|i. Hliiiiijil It I k imiki'l III' |i.i»li.il iiii|ihIiI, iir Willi it liri'llKtlllrlll i>r Iraa Ulllll lllfi'l' lirlli'i . iir I Ill Inai'il II) II i'ii\i'r II. .1 i.|ii.|i III Hill aiiiU iir alilra, ur ahimlil It I'M'i'ril llll' illiiiriial.iiia «|ii'i'ini'il, aiirh (iiti'kal uitniiiit liv fiirwiii'ilril. AU bunk |>ll«»l| HIihHmN fV'HH l'*l««il*, RMMl tlii Air»*>it«it !• gi««k«i) M traiMMiUal.iii, •uliar tUi lUliritt, '>r III • IIIIMNar h> •'•MmtUll ••' lllirr t4«i..|i« I rtllllt.t II*. f.'ftt^r.l*.!! all *'|il al I. MfP |iM«lrttf# P'll.'M liy Ml*. Iiiitlla «*.|lt I.I I'.lltfUll'l thrnllgll tllM I llllwll fiMlMa. Thr Ibiiik iK.alal r. (iiliilliiiia lii'l*»rn I'aiiaiU ami liraitl MpIIiiIh Slililji •laii l.i itiallar batmaau t*u»t» •Mil VraiM*. All liai>a|i«|iaft iirliiliil •inl |iiit.|UlM .1 kIiIiIii Milt |*r', nil.' ihhiitmtnl /^.>iii Ikt ii/lffi'a >i' imhli, > .iMiifl, »t» IraiMiiilUail rmin lh» |m>») hKIi k »liar» iiiitllail liy Ih* iiiihllahi'r, In •ii> iithrr |i.ial .ifflia In ir I.I Ihu riillril Nliirl '" I" oiy tlrtllah rraiii'M, nr lh« •ll- ll imilliin tl «- U t ll- ■ 1 H 1 ll -1 III* It II H It < II 1 l» H II • N U I'ltllAilll, _ , (irii>l>ii'», riilnnr, nr ii.iaai.aal.iii, iia|n'ra niilwl fr.'in llm I'liDi.l li •r* I'liitrvi'il una liiiKi \ . I. Il .III ilriltfry In Ian »|fll Ihi* r|.'i.|ilt"li i.lilv ..r rifi'Atlli(/a ^iit'ff^, ilrvaaril In Ihn •'•llliira nr iiulillalnra nf i |iitiiti||liiiiil In I iitiail* il'iiiiaril lliifi. !•/. nti ili'Urary ( |i/ nian In Iir iiri'ti*|il III ^'huliilnl KiiMlniHl I.I ('anaiU (('•nailUii Itnri, t>' , in ht |ip«> liiilil III >lni|l.iiii|. Tn r.iri lull I .iiiiilrira, •! r»l»* iif rharia |ir*tvrlli«i| liy llll|ii*rlill linal nltli-f, I Triiiiali'iil iii'»a|ia|ii'ra iinalml In I'miaila, (liii'liiillnn ' llll iii'wa|i.i|ian n»r anil rr.iiii llu' nlllii' nf tnililliallnii ^ I.I rr|iil»r ■iiliairllnra,! whin aililnxi'il I., miy |ila.'n In t'liiiri.la nr llrlllah Nnrlli Ainrrlia. Ilia I'lilli'il KIltRilnin. llll' I'lillail IlliiUa, nr I'laiolii ri', niiial In nil t'aara In' /irr/.it/./ hff fntmlittf* ahttlifi, .illli'rwlau llicy I I'aiiiinl 111' riirwiinli'il. Triiiiali'iil iii'»a|ia|ii'ra fnr any iilmi' In I'linaila, llrlllah Mnrlli .^incrliii. Ilin I'lilli'il fcliifilnin, rraiii'i', I nr I'lilli'il HInli'a. |i/. I'liih. I 1||iiiiali'nl |ii'rl.iilli'ii|> r.ir iinr iiliii'i' In t'niiaila, Hrinali Nnrlli Anirrli'ii, nr llii' I iillnl Hliili'a, If ii.ii Itivi-rMnii III oiliilil. |./. I'lirli ; ir nvrr:! III. In wi'Iglil, i:l Il III III' |iri'|i.ll.l liy |M.alllKl. at |ill|i. I'riiili'il I Iri'iiliira, |irli'i'< riirniil. nr tninillillla, uinl nllii-r lirliili'il iiiiilU'r nf a llkr ili'ai'rl|il|iin, anil I ka, I liniiiiil nr niiltniinil, nri' rliarifnl ill a rain nf ^tt, \u'r I n«.. nr fril.'llnn nf nil iilllici', wlivlUvr tent tUitfl/ ur I In iiarkcia In mii' aililri'aa. iir MONKY OKHKK SY.STKM IN I'ANADA. In riiniiiln, Moncy-Orili'r Offtiiii* nri' cliitin'il nml fiii)r, nr kiiiniinl arc Uaiii'il In mn' ilay, ami In llif aann' per- I ilirk viniiln.M'il. will naii all |irn|ii'r iiniina in aaaiir* •nil, l.y nnv nr iiinrc iilltopra, ii|inii a afi'iiiul rlaaa liliiiai'lf iliiit tin' aiiplUaiil la tin' |iiirty iiuiiii'il anil ultli'r, llm iinaiiiiaairr iii llie iillli'ii ilrawii iipnn will Inlt'iiilcil In llii' aiUli'«, ami, ii|>nn |iHynirnl iif the llll al lilii'i'iy In ilffrr llm iiayincnt of aiicli unliira fnr | nnli'r. will In' ritrL'fiil In nlilalii Ilii' aluiiatiire of Hie ttiri-i' iliiva. inivri' In tin' rfv*i'l|il at fnnt. i. Till' niiini'y nnlrn iilmll lii> inailc iiiit ii|i(in fnrni* | ill. Wlii'ii llirniiiili lllnraa nr iillii'r ln>ii|ii'ralilt> illftl ■ il|i|illril liy till* lipail nnW'i'. mil' iin unlrr iilll /n' ' I'lilly, llii' piiyi'i' la iiri'Vinli'il frnin |iri'»i'ntlnH llip fii/i./ Ill' /n/i/. //./■', iiiilrnH [/irrn M/mrt Mr rff/iilur nriler In |niann, llii' |.i'aliiuiali'r will In' al lllit'riy tii jirhitiil /kiiiih. iii'.rpt a '.villirii iinli'r nil llip liai'k, In fiiviiur nf a ^, I'l'raiina ii|iplylnK for ninnoy iinli-m will lie ri-- afiniiil pi'V.!'!!, prnvlili-il alwiiya lliat »iiili written qiilri-il III alali' llii' piirlli'iilam npnii u form uf appll- nnlt'r U aalUfiiilnrlly prnvi'il tn In* Ki'imlnr. callnn prnvlilt'il fnr that piirpiNv. | II. .Vny iiiniii'ynrili'r pnat nllU'e may rfpay tn It If In onn>i'.|iiriii't>iif I'rrnr nr liilaapprrlii'iialon In orilvr liwiii'il liy Itarlf, lint only In tin' parly who |rtvln|{ tlif iikiiii' nf Ihi' placv of payinriil nf a iiioni'y nlilalnc.l II. Tin' I'liargi' or cninnilaalnn, linwever, orili'r, till' piirt'liiiai'r alinnlil ilt'alrf In havf tlip aaiiie iihall mit In any I'liae lit- rifiinilnl. rhaniti'il. Hk' laaiiliiK pnatmadi'r will tukr liaok llir it. Tho cliaruva or vuinmUaloiia for urilvn will lie al llrxt iirili'r ami iKaiir amillu'r, fnr which lie will cliurKi* fnllowa : — conimlaalnn. H.a nn It new traiir INTRiTrATKit. 4b •< Airi liM. •• " #1W IM, " • I 0«tf (4A IM Hot Iln« I I Ttiiw f»r f'i» .if.Ui. .in Bft f •M>ll>r •<)'llll tl nnilMl «4)l *• 4 f Ml; JM •• 4 i N.ll. H«ImWu»»«)«WW« Mlln« C/Vl IM . t • I nr»t •»•! •■■ 'iii'l xlua aNI'Mi l.iiM ii( M iKtaami (tny ' ot4mn Mil Inl aliM* nlT •. Hit ImW |I»i<«)« W W« lHlfiMtlM«4 t« tk« illitcM, ml- ix-riililr ilim- Ui'iitliiH tht lilt lllirriy to 1 Tivnur n( • iK'li wriltan If. • rrimy •" imrty who In, liiiwifver, L'n will lie at «.»«lnii wlfa •ml thilil, ur ihllilriit- hU iiannii*! r>|irMl»tl»>i, |illi| 411 111 n*«t iif kin anil In IliaIr lanal ri'|ira«anUIIVMk ' Ihalr ravrM«nli>tl*M -all tn hlwt, hur, ur Ihaia. t'lillilran lijr Iwn wUa* -ihiaall/ III all. If nil I Mill, I'hililraii, ur ri'|iraaaiili«il«a»— all la ••«! qf klB l| wliMi 4*flrM I* MaMI* Chilli iir fraiiili lilhl half lu ahllil, half li ■raiiilchlM. Illliliallil whnla III hllll, Valhar anil liriilh«r, ur aUfar — whiila III falhar. Miilhar ami lirullirr, nr ilalar-^hnl* In Ihrnn ••|iialljr. Wlfa, iiiiillicr, lirnlhar, alalara, anil nlai'M half li> wlfa, raaliliia In mnthar, lirnlhar, ilalara, ami niaaaa, Mlfa, iihiilur, na|ihawa, ami iilai'aa -Iwu fniirtht ' 'i wlfa, iina fnurth tu uinlhar, ami una fniirth lu na|ik«wa anil nlai'va. Wltv, hrnihar* or ahun, and molhtr—half (u wlfa, (umlar ilaUM of U»r, II,) half to brukhart Mil litMrt, ami innlliar, Mnlhar nnljr— Iha whnla (It hainf than mil nf Iha alalula). Wlfa ami mnlhar hHlf In wlfa, ami hiilf In imilhaf. Ilrnlhi'r nr alalrr nf whnla lilnml, anil hrnlhar ur alalar uf half hlood— aqually to both, i'nalhmmiiia lirnlhrr ur alalar, ami Hinlhar - ri|iiall> In linlh, rnathiiiiinua lirnlhar, or alatar ami brnthar, ur alalar liiirn In llhtlma of falhar— aiiually to botki Valhar'a fathuf ami lunlliar'a niulhur -ai|nally In hnlh. I'm-laa' nr aiiiila' liiililrnii, ami hrnlhar ur ilalcr'a Kramliihllilran— aiiually to all. (Iramlinnihar, uiii'la, ur aunt — all lu iramlinnthar, Twn aiiiila, n.'iihi'W, itml iilai'R— ai|imlly In all. I'ni'la mill ilcraiiiiiiil uiii'U'a chllil all In iiiicia, |!m'lii liy inntlii'r'a alila, anil ilarra'ail iinela ur aiinra chllil— all to iinelt, N.F|>hKw liy hrnthiT, anil iii>|ihaw hy halftlatar— ai|iially />ar iiijiltii. Nr|iliaw hy ilervaaail bruthvr, and iia|ihawa and niacaa hy ilacuaaail alalar— aach lo aqual tharaa p4r eapUo, and mil //rr »tlriir; llrnlhrr ami Krunilfnlhar— whnla In hrnlhar. Ilruthar't Kniiiitauii, and hrnthar ur alatar'a dau|hl«r— to dail||ht«r, Hrnlhar ami twn iiiinia— In hrnlhar. Hrnlhar iiml wir«~-hair tu hrnlhar, half lo wlfa. Mnlhar ami hmlln'r— n|ii«lly. Wlfi-, ni-'thar, ami i-hllilran nf a ilri'i-aai'd hruihar lor iltlarl— half tu wlfa, nnafourth to mothar, ona-fourlli jtfi illiiim In ilvran.ril hrnlhar or nUlcr'a rhlMrcn. Wife, brothrr nr alalar, and t'hUdraii nf a ilacouaeil hrulhvr ur alalar —half to wlfa, ona-fourth to molhar, sr llatar /nr ^ll/>/^l, onafniirth lo dacaaaad hrnlhar nr alatar'a child jifr atlrpm. lirnlhar nr alatrr, and I'hlldran nf a ili'i-aiini'd hrnlhar or aUler— half tu bruthar or l\tt»t p»r capttil, half to children uf ilvri-aainl hrnlhar nr alalar /icr utirptt, Uramiriilhar nnd hruihiir— all tn hrnlhar. McTB.- IVr«>iiiil|>r<>|>iTiy l«tii't>l h\ tn.ii ami wlfi' hi niiiimiiii. TliUrftmmunlty.il.ti t-y law,iinlMath#fiitHiamarriaffaiNmtrai'l,ti*-alaJ Wtiirf tha iimrrUica, whlili mpraul; atl|)uUla« tlial Ultra kIibII Im no oiininiunliji. — Afo^ia. un fA« Law t^ Jiarriag* in Ltwtf C»nmiUfhf 46 OAI^APA: OITIKS, TOWNS, AND VILLAQES. ill CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES, IN UPPER AND LOWEK CANADA, Alphabetically arranged, with name of Town or Villago first, then the County (Co.) it is in, followed by the numo of Township (Tp.). Thus, fur example ; — •• ABimirotLi, C, W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Piisllnch." fW' C, E. dunotea Canada East. C. W. " Canai>a Wkw. Co. " County. Tp. " Township. O. T. R. " Grand Trunk Railroad. O. W. R. " QncAT Western Railroad, * Towns having Money Order OrricES niny be known by their names being printed in black letter thus, ALLANSVILLE. All the places mentioned have PosT-OKnoE.-i, unless where mentioned to the contrary. In addressing letters to parties in any town or village, they should be addressed — 1st Christian and Surname in full. 2d. Name of Township. 8d. Name of County. 4th. "Canada West," or "Canada East," wliich is, of course, synonymous with "Upper Canada" and " Lower Canada." For rates of postage to and fi'om Canada, :4ee elsewhere in this work, headed " Postal Regulations." py To find out the distance of any one place fiom another, on the lines of the G. T. R. (Grand Trunk Railroad), G. W. R. (Great Wtstern Railroad), Buffalo and Luke Huron, and Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Railroads, see the Distance Tables of these lines, given elsewhere. A. ABBOTT'S CORNER, 0. E., Co. Mlnstsquoi. Make for " Compton" on the (i. T. R. Ponulution about 100. AUBOTTSKORD, C. E., Co. Rauvllle, i>t. HUlaire on the U. T. R. U the Station best available. Popula- tion about 100. ABERCROMBIE, see St. Allele. ABERCORN, C. E., Co. Brome, Compton on the G. T. R. Is the nearest Station. Population about SO. ABERDEEN, see Rapides ties Joachims. ABERFOVLE, 0. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Puslinch. Oo to Guelph, a main Station on the Q. T. R. Pop- ulation about 1(X). ABINGDON, C. W., Co. Lincoln, Tp. Calstor. Be- tween the Great Western and the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railways ; for the G. W. R. route take Grims- by Station on the Hamilton and Niagara Section, or " Caufleii'" Station on the Buffalo and Lake Hu- ron Line. Population about 60, ACTON, C. E. (alias Acton Vale), Co. dagot. A Tele- graph Station on the G. T. R. ACTON, C. W., Co. Halton, Tp. Esquesing. A Station on the G. T. R. Population about 600. ADAMSVILLK, C. E., Co. Brome. Make for " Comp- ton" Station on the G. T. R. Population about 100. ADARE, C. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Biddulph. Go to " Stratford" on the G. T. R. Population about 60. ADDINGTON ROAD, C. W. See Free Grants of Land. ADDISON, C. W., Co. Leeds, Tp. Elizttbetlitowa, close to Brockville, a main Station on the G. T. R. Pop- ulation about 160. ADELAIDE Tp., C. W., Co. Middlesex. Go to " Mount Brydges" on the G. W. R. ADJALA Tp., see Athlone, Ballyroy, and Keenans- vllle. Villages and Post-oflices within that Township. ADMASTON Tp., C. W., Co. Renfrew. Steamer from AyUner on the Ottawa, nearest Station Ottawa City, connecte'l at Prescott with the G. T. R. ADOLPHUSTOWN Tp., Co. Lennox. Station Ernest- town on the G. T. R. Also Kingston or Belleville for Bay of Qulnt6 Steamer plying both to and fi'om Adolphustowii In summer. ALBION Tp., C. W., Co. Peel. Go to Brampton, a main Station on G. T. R. ALDBOROUGH Tp., C. W., Co. Elgin. Go to New- bury Station on the G. W. R. ALDERSHOTT, C. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Fiamboro'. Go to Dundns, G. W. R. Population about 8(». ALEXANDRIA, C. W., Co. Glengary, Tp. Lochiel Make for Lancaster on G. T. It. Population about 7«t). ALFRED Tp., C. W., Co. Prescott. On South Shore of Lower Ottawa. Lancaster is the nearest O. T. R, Station, and Steamers touch at Original ami llawkes- bury on Ottawa for Ottawa City and Montreal. ALGONA. See Crown Lands for sale. ALLANMUR(}, C. W., Co. Weliand, Tp. Thorold. (io to Thorold on the G. W. R., or to Port Dalhousie for Steamer to Toronto and all other parts East. ALLAN PARK, Co. Grey, Tp. Bentick. Make for " Guelph," thence by Stage to Owen's Sound. Or for Collingwood by the Northern Rail from 'Toronto, and Steamer Canadian to Owen's Sound and down by Stage. ALLAN'S CORNERS, C. E., Co. Chateauquay, Tp. Durham. Go to Montreal, and thence by Chum- plain and St. Lawrence Railway. Population about CO. ALLANSVILLE. C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Peel Goto "(iuelpli"onG. T. R. ALLISONVILLE, C. W., Co. Prince Edward, Tp. Ame- llasburg.' Steamers ply down from Trenton and Belleville, both Stations on the G. T. R. I'p from Kingston and Montreal on the same Uailwiiy Sec- tion. For land journey go to " Brighton or Tren- ton" Stations on G. T. R., and thence to Carrying Place, Tp. .Murray. Population about 60. AI,LU.METTE ISLAND, C. W., Tp. Renfrew. An Island on Upper Ottawa Klver near Terminus of CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES 47 projscted Drookvllle tiul Arnprinr Railway. May DO ruaoheil fruiii Aylrnvr, 0, K, Uii the North Hhore of Ottawa Klver by HteaiiU'r In cniiiiecllun with HtiiKea for Ottawa Uiillway, which Julni the U. T, K. at Prtiicatt. AUu culled AduiiiH. ALMA, C. W., Co. WelllnKton, Tp. Pert. Oo to (luel|ih, lee AllaiiiTllle, Poimluttcin uliuiit TD. AI.I.NA, V. Vf., Co. liriice, Tp. iliiruii. -^S mlleii flrom (liiilurlch. Fnpulittlun ahoiit M. AluMlUA, 0. W., t'u. York, Tp. I'uel. Go to Hcurlinro' tftiitlijii on the U. T. U. Or Turuiitu, whence Htuge dully. Population uliotit (K). A1.NWIUK Tp., <;. W., to. Nurthumberliind. Make fur Hurwood, a Htution on the Cohourg and Peter- borough Line, which connect* with the U. T. K. at Oobonrg, ALTON, 0. W., Co. Peel, Tu. Culedon. do to George- town, a Station on the G. T. K. Population about ALTONA, 0. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Pickering. " Port Union or Frenchman'! Bay" are nearest Flag Htu- tloni, but Whitby main Htatlon may he preferable, all on the G. T. K. Population about WU. ALVINSTON, C. W., Co. Lambton, Tp. Urooke. Go to " Glencoe," on the G. W. K., Hamilton and Wlnd- ■or Section. Population about 60. AMKL1A8BURU Tp., C. W., Co. Prince Edward. Uuily Steamer down from Uelleville, and up from KiliKKton, both Statlona on the G. T. It. Population about lUU. AMHERSTBURQ, C. W., Co. Enaex, Tp. Maldon. On Luke Krie. Make for Windsor Terimnun of the G. W. R., and proceed by River or Koad. Popula- tion about -2500. AMIIKU8T ISLAND, Tp., C. W., Co. Addlngton. Croaa llay of Uulnt6 from Krneston, or take Steam- er from KingHton. lloth " KrneKton" and Kingaton are Stations on the G. T. R. Population about UN). AMIKNS, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Lobo. Take ticket for " Komoka" on the O. W. R. ANCIENNIC LORKETTK, C. E., Co. (|uehec. On the North Shore of St. Lawrence. "Point Levi" Sta- tinii, on the G. T. R. to Quebec, Is on the opposite ■bore. Population chlelly Huron Indians. ANCA8 TElt Tp., C. W., Co. Wentworth. Take ticket for Uiiiidas G. W, R. llandlton Section, and go on by djiily Stage. ANGUS, 0. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Essa. Esaa la a Station on the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Hallway. Population about Idl). APPLKUV, 0. W., Co. Halton, Tp. Nelson. Make for Wellington Square, a Station on G. W. R. APTO, 0. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Vespra. Take ticket for Sunnidale Station on Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway from Toronto. Population about '25. ARLINOrON, C. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Adjala. Try Mallon Station, on G. T. R., Toronto and Stratford Section, and stage thence to Mono MilU and to Mono Centre. Population about Si). AUNPKIOR, C. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. McNab. Steamer from Aylnier in connection with railway to and from Ottawa City, connected again at Prescott with G. T. R. Also connected by Ktage with Hrockville Station on the same railway section, via Perth, and Smith's Falls. Population about 270. ARIIAN, C. W., Co. Hiuce, Tp. Arran. Go to Col- iingwood by Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway, from Toronto, thence by Steamer Canadian to Owen's Sound. Or by Guelph on the G. T. U., and thence by stage. AKTEMKSIA, Tp., C. W., Co. Grey. Make for Sunni- dale Station on the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway, and thence go west. AUTIlAltASKA, C. K. A Telt'Kraph Station on the G. T. It. Population about l.'xi. AKTHUH, Tp., C. W., Co. Wellinglnn. Go to Guelph by G. T. It., and thence nortli by stage. AllVA, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. London. Go to London, a main Station on the G. W, R. Popula- tion Hl)OUt '.iiio. ASHULKN, C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. WMtb.v. Go to Whitby main Station on G. T. R. Population about 2(10. ASHFIELD, Tp., C. W., Co. Huron. Go to Stratford by G. T. R., and thence by (Joderlch Stage. ASH . HOVE, V. W., Co. Halton, Tp. Es(iiiesing. l»ro- ceed from Georgetown, a Station on G. T. H. Pop- ulation about 60. ASPHODEL, Tp., 0. W., Peterborough. Make for Cobourg, on 0. T. R. Thenc* for Peterborough by the Junction Railway, and Puaage Boat on Hie* Lake, ATIIEL8T0N, C. K., Co. Huntingdon. Rouse'a Point la the nearest Hallway Station on the South, and Montreal on the North, It lies between Lake St. Francis and the Chainplaln and St. Lawrence Hail- way. Population ttlxiut sii. ATHEHLEY, C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Mara. Book hy Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Hallway for Belle Ewart, and on by ateamer, direct. In winter, go to Barrie, and thence hy stage to Orlllia. Population about TO. ATHLONE, (!. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Adjala. Try Malton Htatlon, 0. T. R., and on by atage to Mono. Population about 820. ATHOL, V. W., Co. Glcngarr.v. Go to Lancaster Sta- tion, on O. T. R. Population about UN). AUBURN, 0. W,, Co. lluron, Tp. Colborne. Go to Stratfor ron Railway. Population about 4fiO. AVON, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. N. Dorchester. Go to " Edwardsburg," a Station on the G. W. R. Population about nO. AVON BANK, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Downle. Gel to Stratford Junction Station of the G. T. R., and BulTalo and Lake Huron Railway. AYLMER EAST, C. E., Co. Ottawa, Tp. Hull. On north shore of River Ottawa, connecting point for Upper Ottawa District with Ottawii City. Take ticket for Ottawa City, connected at Prescott with G. T. R., and thence on by atage to Aylmer. Pop- ulation about l&tH). AYLMER WEST, C. W., Co. Elgin, Tp. Malahlde. On London and Port Stanley Railway, connected at London, C. W., with the O. W. R. Population about 600. AVLWIN, Tp., C. E., Co. Ottawa. North of Ottawa River ; Steamer direct from Montreal. Population about loo. AYR, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Dumfries. Go to "Gait," now connected by Branch Railway with G. W. R., and Bulfalo and Lake Huron Hallways ut Paris— which see. Population about lt)0O. AYTON, C. W., Co. Grey, Tp. Normanby. Go to Guelph, and on by Stage through Fergus, Elora, Mount Forest. Ouelph la on the G, T. R. B BAnV'S POINT, C. W., Co. Lambton, Tp. Sombra. ?'.eHched from Chatham Station, on the O. W H. BAIIVVILLE, C. E., Co. Naplervllle, Tp. Sherrington. Which Is a Station on the Montreal and Plattsburg Kallwav, 82 miles from Montreal. BADEN, 0. W., Co. Waterloo, South Riding, Tp. Wll- mot. In the same township as Petersburg. Station on the G. T. H. DAOOT, C. W., Tp. In Co. Renfrew. North of Perth, on line of Brockville and Arnprlor Extension. Pres- ent nearest Station, Ottawa City, on Branch Kall- wav, connected at Prescott with the G. T. R. BAGOT, 0. R. See Grande Bale. BAGOTVILi.E, C. E. Near ChlcoutimI, on the Sague- pay R. Go by Steamer Saguenay, from Quebec, or St. Thomas, C. E., the Eastern Terminus of the O. T. R., below Quebec, thence by same Steamer. BALLINAFAD, C. W., Co. Wellington, South Riding, Tp. Erin. Go to Georgetown Station on the G. T. H. BALLYCHOY, C. W. See Athlone, both being In Tp. of Adjala. BALMORAL, C. W., Co Haldlmand, Tp. Walpole. Near Cook's Station, on the BufTalQ and Lake Huron Hallway. BALTIMORE, C. W., Co. Northumberland, Tp. Ham- ilton. A Station on the Cobourg and Peterborough \'M 48 M OANAI»A: lUTIKM, TOWNS, AND VILLACIKS, I I I lUllwH.v, wlilrli U iviiiiiKtili'il ni doliuiirg with Uio (t. T. I(. t> iiilli'i rrmii t'liliniirii. IMNIION, <'. W., to. Huron. Ti>. Iliillotl. do lo Htrmriii'il, liy tlio lliiirjilo uml l.ukv lliiioii, ur (I. T, K. IIAItl'tllll), ('. K. HtiKt'onlk'ook. IIAKNKTT, ('. W., Co. WullliiKtoii, T|i, Nliliol. (lo |iroiK'li- I'll Froni Nii|iiini'o, ii Hliitlon on tin' (I. T. It., Mon- tniil iiimI Toronio Hci'llon. Tin' iirlco of llio liinil l> 4x. hi'r iii'i'e. Hci' Clown l.iiliila for Halo. BARRIK, «'. W., Co. ) VlllaKi'a Hiiil I'oal ollli'ca, Di'lta, Knrfur, I'lilllpavllli', wlilcli •■'■■ ri'Hpi'i'llvi'lv. IIATl! 8t. Manrli'i' Ti'rrltor.v from lla t'onlhii'iit'i' with tho Ht. Lawri'iu'o lii'low l.aku SI. Pclor at Tl Itlvcra, iil wlilili Port till' 81. I.awri'iirt' Hti'aint'ra fall. Tim llovi'mini'iit have foriiii'il ii mail (Voiii Tliri'u Klvcra to tin* (Irainl I'llt'a, on till' HI. Maurlcu lllvi'r, whi'iii'v Hlcaiiu'ra piv for till' t'ppvr Ht. Maiirli'c, toui'hliiK at llatlai'un. II.VTIHCAN IIIIIIHII<:. lllKliirupthuHl. Maurlivlliiin llatlai'an, whli'h wv. I1A1"I"KUHKA, C. W., Co. Krontoimi', Tli. Hlorrliintoii. Tr.r KlnKKlon Cll.v, aa nt'ari'at Main Station or KliiKHlon .MIIIh ami (lananoiiiit', all on thu U. T. K. I'opiiliitlon iiliout IWI. BAYFIELD, C. W., Co. Ilnroii, Tp. Slanlt'.v. (lo lo Hiratroril Station of llntValo anil Lake Huron ami 0. T. U. l>op»>»tlon alioiit lUM). IIAYIIAM.C. \V. A Tp. In Co. KIkIii. on the »hori> of l.aki' Krii'. (lo to I'ort Stanli-.v, connci-ti'il liy Kail- wuv llrani'h with 0. \V. It. at l.oiiilon, C. W. BEACHVILLE, C. W., Cu. Oxfonl, Wiat Itlilliitr, Tp. Dxforil Woat. A Station on tliv (I. W. K. M inlica wcat of llainlltun Clly. Population aliont tUHI. QEAMSVILLE, C. W., Cu. Lincoln, Tp. Clinton. A Station on the (). W. K. i'i mllca fi'oni Maitara. DKAK IIIIOOK, Co. Kiiasi'll, Tp. Cuinlorlanil. (lu lo (llo.itcr Station on the Ottawa Kailwav, whU'li eon- nwta with thp (1. T. H. at Preacotl. IIKAI'IIAUNOIS, C. K. An KltitorHl DUtrlot on tho South Shore of the St. Lawrence, nearly oppiwllc the conlluence of the Ottawa Ulver ami the Ceihir.i Station, on the (i. T. U. UKAC.MONT, C. K., Co. Bellechaaiie, on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence, oppoilte the lale of Or- leana, helow tjuehec. Neareat Station, Point Levi, on the (I. T. It. llKAIJPOItT, C. K, Co. Qiiehco. Kiutt of Quebec City. Nearest Station, Point Levi, on thu South Shore of the St. Liiwreiice, TerininuH of the (}. T. It. IIKAVKKTON, C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Tliorah. (io to Uelle Kwart, on Ontario, Siuicoe, unil Huron Itailroail, from Toronto, anil thence by Steamer on Lake Sluicoe. In Winter by Hallway from Port Hope to LiinUay, which cunnects at Port Hope with (I. T. R. llKCANCoril, C. K., Co. NIcolet. On South Shore of the St. Lawrence, opposite Three liivent, which la the neareat Steam Packet Station. IIKCKWITII, C. W. A Tp. In Co. I,anark, South Kiiliiig. See Carlelun Place ami Kranktown. BKllKOItl), C. K., Co. MlHsisipiol, Tp. Slanbriil|;e, Make fur Klver Itlchelleu l)y Steamer from Montre- al. If hy Itail by Koue'a Point on the (.'liiuiplain aiul St. Lawrence It. BKLKAST, C. W. See Aahllclil. BKLFOrXTAlS, C. W. See Caleihin. BELLAMY'S MILLS, 0. W. See Kamaay. BKLLK ItlVIKRR, C. E., Co. Two Mountaliw. Near contluence of Ottawa Itlver with the St. Lawrence. Qo by Ottawa Steamer from Montreal. BILLtVILLt, (1, W., Vn. llaitlnKi, Tp. Thurlnw. (Siuiily Town. Miiln ami Teh'Kraph Htatlon on (I. T. It. Heetlon. fi» iiillm from Montreal, unil llll from Tornnio. Popiilalhin about TiNMl. IIKLL KWAItT, V. W., do. Sliiicov, Tp. Iiinlam. A Station of the Ontario, Hliiieoe, anil Huron Kallwa.v, ami for (he Lake Hinieoe Houla. M iiilleii (ruui Tu> roiitii. Poinihillon about lUHI. IIKLI/H COUNKItS, Co. Carleton, Tp. Neiieaii. Try "llloatvr," or tittawn .stallona on the Hallway HrNiicU from Preaeiitl, on (he (I. T. It. Population about 70. HKI.MONT, (1. W,, Co. KIkIii, Tp. South Dorcheatcr. Oil to KilwarilaliiirK, a Stallon on the (I. W. It. IIKLMOKK, 0. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Tnrnbnrry. (lo (0 Strairoril, nreaenl Teriiilnua iiftl. T. It. HUil llulfalu ami Lake Huron Hallway. Population about Mil. ilKLlKIL, (.1. K., (^>. Vercherea. On South Shore of St. Lawrence. Try I k»W\ or St. Ilyarliithu Stit- lloiia on the (I. T. It. Populiition about IKNI. IIKNMILI.KH, V. \\. See Auburn. IIKNNIK'S (HIHNKItS, 0. W., (!u. Lnimrk, Tp. Haro- aay. Try North (lower Htatlon, on Ottawa anil Preaeott Branch from tlio (I. T. H, PopuUtlun about Tn. BENTINCK, V. Vf. A Tp. lu On. drey, (lo to OoU lliiMwooil by the Ontario, Shiieoe, anil Huron Hall- way, anil theiico by Canailian Steamer to Owen'* Hoiinil, unil ilowii by Stiiire ; or to lliielph, on the tl. T. It., ami up by Sta|(e for Owen'a Siiiinil. BKHKKLKY, 0, W., Co. drey, Tp. Ilolianil. Vor Itoute aee llentliick. BERLIN, C. W., Co. \Vaterloo, North Hlilinit, Tp. Waterloo North. A Teli'Kraph Station on the (i. T. It. IVI milea from Toronto. BKHTIIIKH KN BAH, C. K., V». MontmiiKiiy. AStu- tioii on the (I. T. H., (Jiiebec anil i't, Thomua Sec- tion. 42 iiiilea helow (|uvliec. Population about INK). BERTHIER EN HAUT, C. R, Co. Berthler. On the North Shore of St. Lawrence, ut heail of LakS St. Peter. Heachcil by (Jiiebeo and Montreal Steamera. BKHWICK, (1. W., Co. Slormont, Tp. Finch, do to Ilicklnaon'H LHiiiiinK, a Htatiun on (I. T. IL Popu> lation about Itkl. IIKHTIR See Fort Krie. BKKVII':, C. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. KIncarillne, which aee. BKVKHLKV, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Wentworlh, con- talnliiK Copetown, Itockton, HhuWelJ VlllaKea and Poat-ollleea, which aee. BKWIILKV, V. W., Co. Northumberlanil, Tp. Hamil- ton, do to Port Hope, n Main Station on the 0. T. It. ; alao a Lake Port, frei|iienteil by the Steainem, Population about UMi, IIIC, C. K., Co. Itliiiouaki. A Port on the Lower 8L Lawrence, on thu South Shore, oppuaite laiand of SI. Cecile. Po|iiilatloii about IMUO. IIIIIDl'LPH. See Adare. UINBItOOK, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Wentworlh, near to the Jorilan Htatlon on tho U. W. It., Hamilton and NiaKara Olatrlct. BIH.MINdllAM, 0. W., Co. Frontenac, Tp. PittalmrK. KiiiKaton City anil KiiiKaton Milb are the Staliona, the hitter only a Flag Station, both on tho d. T. K. Population about 2(HI. BISHOP'S MILI.S, C. W., Co. (Irenvlllu, Tp. Oxford. do to Oxford, a Station on the Ottawa and Preaeott llrancli of the 0. T. H. BLAINVILLK TKHItKUONNK, C. E. See St. Thereae de Blalnville. BLAt'K CHKEK, C. W., Co. Welland, Tp. Wiiloughhy. do to Hiilgeway on thu Buffalo and Lake Huron Hallway. BLANDFOItl), C. W., Co. Oxford. See Wood«tock, Hathn, etc. HLANDFOKU, C. K., Tp. in Arthubanka Co. Go tu Someraet Station on the d. T. K. BLANSIIAHl), V. W. See Flah Creek, St. Mary's, BlaiLsliard. BLESSlNdTON, C. W., Co. Hastings, Tp. Tyendlnaga, where there la u Station of the d. T. It. BLOOMFIKLI), C. W., Co. Prince Edward, Tp. llaUo- well. Situate on Bay of ({uinte, and readied by Steamer daily from Kingston and Belleville, both Stations on the d. T. H. BLOO.MSmiKd, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Townscnd. do to (hionduga or Paris, both Statious on the liuf- fulo and Lake Huron Hallway, CANADA: CITIEH, TOWNH, AND VILLAOKS. nLVTIlK, . VIrlii, Tp. Vrriiliim. I (Id til I'lirt llii|iii, nil till! tl. T. K., iiiiil tlii'iii'ii liy llruMi'li Kiillwuy In Lliiilmiy. I'ii|iiilittliiii uliniit MM. j lUll.TON, I'. W. HirHniilli lloltiiii. | lllllt.MIN, (!. W., (!ii. Iliir T|i. .MiirrU. Niirlti'wi'nt , or HlriiUnril Htutliiii, uii tliu U. T. 11. I'liimliitloii iiliiiiit nil. IIO.MAN'I'O.N, I). W., t'l). Niirtliiiiiiliorliiiiil, T|>. Ilniii- tltiill. (Ill tn I'lirt llnpu on tliu (t. T. K., llllil lliuiirv liy l.tiiilMiiy Itullwiiy, ii|>i'ii to Diiii'iiii'i'. IKINII IIKAII, (\ W., Cn. HIiiiiMH, .^Imilh ItlilliiK, Tp. Ti'iMiiiiniili. (Ill III llruilrni'il nil till' lliiliirlii, Hlin- fill), mill llurnii Uiillwity rinm Tnrniitn. I'npiilutlnii iilinilt '2AII. IIOIKIAKIl'S COKNKIIH, (!. W., Cn. Prliicu KilwnnI, Tp. MiiryMliiirK, nil lliiy nf ({iiiiiti'. Taku tlii< KtviiiiiHr rrnm KliiKxtni' nr llilluvlllu mi (1. T. I(. I'npulutluii itlinilt nil. lUISAMil'KT, ('. W. A Tp. in (.'n. Iiamlitnii. tio tn Hli'iiirnriliind. T. II. IldWlJOIIKI., ('. ¥.., {\<. HlK'ITnril, Tp. Kly. (In tn lliir- llHIII Ulilllnli nil tliu (I. T. II. I'nplllllllnn Hlinlll IIMI. IKIHTDN, ('. W. A VllluKU III TnwiiHviiil Tnwimlilp, Nnirnlk ( 'n. K'l- llliiniiinliiil'K. I'npuliitlnii ulinilt IKO. UOTIIWKI.Ii, ('. W., Cn. Kiiit, Tp. Xnliu. A Htutlnii oil till- II. NV. U., Iliiiniltnii itiiil WliiilHiir Hi'Ctlnii, uliniit 411 iiilli'i* wvHt nf Kniiilnn, 0. \V. I'opultttluii nliniit .MKI. IKIlICIIKKVII.I.I';, ('. K., Vn. Cliiiiiilily. (In tn I.nti- fiii'll Hliillnii on ttiu (I, T. It., c-lniiu to Moiitrcul. ■npllllltlnll lllinllt HIMI. IIOHUO I.IIIIIS, ('. K., Cn. I'lirtiieuf. On Nnrtli Hlinre nf Ht. Liuvri'iH'e— iin iiviirur Stiitlnn thiiii I'nlut l,«vl, till' (JiU'lii'O TiTMiliiuit nf thu (I. T. It. ; iiiiiv lit' ri'iii'liiMl liy Mniilri'iil nnil (jui'liun Htciiiiii'rH Ht i'lirtiivuf, oil tliu Itlvur Ht. Luwrviieu. I'npuliitinii aliniit UNI. lldWKN, r. W., Cn. I.uiiiinx, Tp, Iticlininnil. (lo to Niipiiiii'i' nil tliu (1. T. It. I'npiiliilinii iiliniit 2niiirrluii,(iiniit)i.) Un to I'arlH liy tliu U. W. It., or lliiiralo iiuJ Ijuke llnrnii Itailway. I'npiilatloii uliniit lUII. UltANT. An liilanil County In Canailit Went, Inter- Kueted liv tliu ii. W. K. iiiiil the lliilTaIn anil l.aku Huron Itailway. Tliu (I. W. It. HkirtH it on tliu North, ami tliullullahi uiiil l.aku lluinn IiIhouIh iiitn nearly uipial lialvuH. Wuntwnrth Cniiiity linumlii it oiitlie Kasl, (Ixfnril nn (hu West, Waterioo anil ().xforii nil the Nnrth, nnii Nnrroik and llalilimunil nil lliu Snuth, BKANT, C. W. Tp. In Cn. Ilriiue. On tn (lueipli by (1. T. It., Turnntu uiiil titratt'uril 8uctlnn, thence liy StiiKu. BKANTKOItU KAST, 0. W. Sue C'lilnitvliie and Koiie- liank. BRANTFORD, C. W. A Tp, in Cn. Briint. A Main ^tiilinn nn IIuIVmIii and Lake llnroii Itailway. ti mill's from I'arKs JuiK'tlnn of thu 0. W. U, Popu- lation aliont .SIHHI. BKKSI.AW, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Waterloo. Go In llurliii on thu (I, T. It. BIIK\VKK'.>* MII.I»<, C. W., Cn. KrontenRC, Tp. lilts- hui'K. Kin^?i|iiii .Mill..! Stalion is nearest KiiiKnton City, Hliil the iiinst freiiuenteil. Both on (i. T, U. I'npiilalinn ahnut I.VI. BUKWHTKlt, C. W. A I'nstofflee in .iru.ce Oo. See llay. BUIIUiKNOItTII, C. W., Co. I'eterboio', Tp. Smith. A little North of I'eterliorouKh. Oo to Cohourg on the (J, T, It., II ml thence by Uailwiiy to I'eterbo- rou);h. I'npuiatiiMi about 'ill. BltlliOKl'Olfl', C. W. A VlliaRe in Wttterloo Co, See Peter.tlmrK, I'opulutioii tibnut MIO, BRIGHTON, C. W., Cn. Snrthuinberland, Tp. Mur- ray. A Station on the I}. T. K. I'opulutlou about l&UU. llltlTONVIM.K, (!. K,.,(!o. ArKentmill, Tp. IMnrln. On North Hlmru nf hnwur Ottawa, reuchud by Steamer friiiii .Mniilri'ul. BItlSTDI,,!'. K. ATp.,(Ni. l'n»Uiii!. On NnrthShnr* of Ottawa abiive Avimer K ml, 'which aiu,) rencheil liy Upper Ottawa Stuamein. I 'ipulatlon about IMI, BItlICK, U. W. A Til., Ci.Oii trio. Kipiliilntant frniii O. T. It. at Wliltliy, i. nl frnm Brailfnrd ami lliillaiiii l. T. R., present Eastern Terminus Quebec. Population about -JSitO. CAPE SANTE, C. E., Co. Portneuf, Tp. Portncuf. Below Three Rivera on the north shore of St. Law- rence Hirer, between Montreal and Quebec, and reached by Steamers on that route. CARILLON, C. K.. Co. Argenleull. Tp. rhatham, on the East shore or Lower Ottawa River, reached by Steamer from Montreal and Ottawa City. I'opiilu- tlon about 2&0. CAHLKTON, ('. E., Co. Honaventurc, Tp. Curietfln. On the Bay of ClmlieurK, iippiwitu New llninsnli'k Coast; traders from (iuebee. I'lipuiullnn aliniit liliH). CAULETON PLACE, C. W., Co. Lanark, Tp. Beck- with, will be bisected by llrockvllle and Aniprliir Railway, do to IN rih, connected with Hi kvllle, a Main Station on the d. T. R. Population about (MM). CARLINdKOHD, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Knllartnii. do to Htrulford Terminus of the 0. T. H. Piipulalton about IM). CARLISLE, C. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. East Flam- boro, Klamhoro Is a Station on the d. W. K., near Hamilton. Hamilton and Winilanr Suction. Popu- lation about lot). CARLOW, C. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Colborne. do to Stratford Terminus of the d. T, R. Population about liH). CARLUKE, C. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Anciister. do to Dundas on the d. W. H. CARRADOO, 0. W. A Tp. In Miilillesex Co. Bee Mount St. Brydges and Strathrov, etc. CARP, C. W., Co. I'arleton, T|i. Huntley, near south shore of River Ottawa, above Ottawa City. Popu- lation about HID. CAHHONBHOOKE, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Logan, on line of Uulfaio and Lake Huron ExteiL^ion to Goderlch. Population about 100. CARTHAdB, C. W„ Co. Perth, Tp. Mornlngton. Lies north-east of Stratford, which may be reached by lliiiriilo and Lake Huron Itiiilway, or d. T, R. CARTWRUIHT, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Durham. Situ- ate north of llowiiianvllle on the d. T. R., Montreal and Toronto Section. CASHEL, C. W., Co. York, Tp. XIarkhain. Reached by Stage from Scarboro' Station, on the G. T. It., or by Stage from Toronto diiilv. Population about .SO. CASHMERE, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Mima, do to dlencoe on the d. W. It. Also called Canton. Population about 100. CASSELM AN, C. W., Co. Russell, Tp. Cambridge, do to Dickinson's Laniilng, on the G. T. It. Cambridge TowuMhip lies north. CASTLE BAH, C. K., Co, Arthabnska. Oo to Artha- baska, on the G. T. R. Population about lIM). CASTLEKORD, C. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. Horton, on the south shore of Upper Ottawa River, In neigh- bourhood of Ottawa and Opeongo Road. See Ayl- mer East, for best route. CASTLEMORE, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Gore of Toronto, do to Weston or Malton, on the G. T. H. (first Sta- tions out of Toronto). CASTLETON, C. W , Co. Northumberland, Tp. Crain- ahe. do to Brighton, on the G. T. It. Population about 600. CAUGHNAWAOA, C. E., Co. Lapralrle, Tp. Salt St. Louis, on south shore of St. Lawrence, opposite Mon- treal, near Terminus of Chnmplain ami St. Law- rence Railway. An Indian Village, miles from Montreal. Population about 1200. CATCHCART, C. W., Co. Brant, Tp. Burford. Oo to Ilrantford, on the niiffalo and Lake Huron, or Princeton, on the G. W. H. CAVAGNOIL, C. E., Co. Vandreuil. Oo to VandreuU Station, on G. T. R. Population about nilO. CAVAN, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Durham, north of Port Hope, on line of Linilsav Railway, connected at Port Hope with U. T. R. Population aliout 2.50. CAYUQA, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Haliiimaiid. Can- fleld is the Station frequented, on the Biilfaio and Lake Huron Railway. Population about Too. CEDAROROVE, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Markham. Oo to Scarborough, on tlie d. T, R. Population about 100. CENTRE AUdUSTA. Sec Augusta. CENTREVILLE, C. W., (.'o. Aililiiigton, Tp. Camden East, do to Nnpanee, on the O. T. R. Population about 800. CHAMBLY, C. E., Co. Chambly, Tp. West Chambly, near Longuell, the (.'iinada Terminus of the (J. T. R. Population about 000. CIIA.MPLAIN, <;. K., Co. and Tp. at the head of Lake i Ohampluiu, near the Boundary. Go to Muer'H / / CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VltiLAOES. «t o to ton. / flo , / Idga V Suit St. iisite Mon- St. I.aw- iilk':< from (1. Go to liirnii, or (;hiiin1ily, / c (J. T. K. V Junctliin, 4T inlli>ii from Moiitrriil, on t)ie llnntrcnl I mill I'ttttaliurg Line of Hull. i'u|iulutloii uhoiit tKHM). I CII AKI.KXIIUL'KO, C. K., Co. Quebec, oti North Wioru | of HI. Lmvieiici-. Uo liy St, Ijiwifiiei! Hlt'iiiiuTH to Quel , or hy Itiill to I'oliit I.bvI, on the U. T. It. I'n|iulllli, T. It., hiiiI eoiitiilnliiK Hunimt'rntown, Miirtlntown, iinil Ht. Ku- pliitt'l Wfwt, VllliigcH with I'oHt-oniccH, which ave. nilAKLOTTKVll,l,K, 0. W . A Tp. In Norfolk Co., but not a i'lMt-oincv, on l.iike Erie, with Vorreatvllle, NorniunilHle, and Hilver Mill Villugea, unil Foat- odlcea within It. Kefer to t'lthur. CIIATKAIIGI'AV, C. E. A Co. on South 8hor« of 8t. Lawrence, biaectecl by llie CliHiupliiln iind HI. Law- rence Itallway. Uo to Montreal. Population about mt. y/ CIIATKAU KieilEK, C. E., Co. MontmorencI, on Nortli {lliore of HI. Lawrence, within the lalunil of UrIeaiiK. Go to tiuebec by iJteHiner, or liy Kail from Voliit Levi, G. T. It. I'opulHlion about ixoo. _ CIIATIIAItt KAST, 0. K., Co. Argentenll. On Norlli- eaot Shore of Lower Ottawa. Iteaclieil hy Htvumern from Montreal iinil Vanilreull, both Statlona on the G. T. It. l'o])uIiitlon about lliliH). CHATHAM WEST, C. W., Co. Kent, Tp. Halelgh, on the (i. W. It. I'opulatlon about IMNMI. ClI ATSWOKTII, C. W., Co. Grey, Tp. Ilollanil. Go to Collingwooii liy Untario, Shncoe, anil Huron Itall- way from Toronto, ami thence to Uwen'a Sound by Canadian Steamer, or to Mueiph, on the G. T. K., and llience by Stage north. CHELSEA, C. K., Co, Ottawa, Tp. Hull. See Aylmer Eiiat, i'lipiilalion about 8IHI. CHELTENHAM, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Chlngnacouay. Situated north between Ilrampton and Georgetown, both on the (i. T. It. Either will do. Population about m>. CHEKItY CItEEK, C. W., Co. Slmcoe, Tp. Innlalll, Craigvale, or Belle Ewart, are the nearest Stations on the Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Itallway. The latter preferable. Population about US. CIIEUTSEY, C. E. A Tp. in Co. Montcalm. On North shore of St. Lawrence, on the Itiver du lac Oiidreau, about 40 miles north. This Itiver niiites with the Itlviere L' Assumption, which Hows into tlie St. Lawrence a little east of the Inle of Montreal. Go to Montreal. Population about Sllll. OHESTEKKIELD, 0. W., Co. Oxford, Tp. Blenheim. Uo to Urumbo' Station, on the UulTuio anil Lake tluron. Or to .'aris, the Junction point of that Railway and the G. \V. H. CHICHESTEIt, 0. E. A Tp. in Co. Pontiac. On North-went shore of Itiver Ottawa, within Alumctte Island. Sec Aylmer East, route to Upper Ottawa. CHK'OUTIMI, C. E. District of the Haguenay, (W miles above the confluence of that Itiver with the 8t. Lawrence, and the farthest point of steam com- munication up the Saguenay. The Steamer plies from Quebec. Population about lOilO. CIIINOUACOUSY. A Tp. in Co. Peel, comprising the town of Ilrampton, Campbell's Cross, Ciielten- ham, which see. CHIPPAWA, C. W., Co. Welland, Tp. Stamford. Is the Terminus of tlie Erie and Ontario Itallway, con- nected at Niagara with the G. W, It. Population About 1'.2IM). CHUKCHVILLE, 0. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Toronto. Go to Mlmlco or Port Credit Stations, on the G. W, It., also by Stage from General Wolfe Inn, Toronto City via Etoblcoke, etc. Population about 2.50. CLAltEMONT, C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Pickering. Go to Port Union, on G. T. It., Montreal and Toronto Section. CLAKENOE, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Russell, on South shore of Ottawa, below Ottawa City, reached by Steamer from Ottawa and Montreal. See also Prescott. CLAKENCEVILLE, C. E., Co. Iber^■llle. On East shore of River Richelieu. St. Hiilaire, on the O. T. R., the nearest Station. Population about 200. CLARENDON, C. E. and Clarendon Centre, aTp. and Village in Co. I'ontUc, ou North Shore of Upper Ottawa. For steamboat, see Aylmer Eait. Popu- lation about IAi> CLAKEVIEW, W., Co. Aildliigton, Tp. Sheflldd, North of Napanee ; cliooau that Station or Klnnton City, both on the (1. T. R. Population about 70. CLARKE, 0. \V. A Tp. in the Co. of Durham, Id which la Newcastle, a Station on the G. T. U. CLAUDE, C. W, to. Peel, CLEAR CREEK, V. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Houghton. On North Shore of Lake Erie, Port Stanley 1s the nearest Slatlon now connected at London, C. W. with a. W. It, CLEARVILLE, C. W., Co. Kent, Tp. Oxford. Go to Uothwell, on G. W. R. Population about 100. CLIKVORD, C. W., ( o. Wellington, Tp. Minto. Go to Giielph, on the G. T. R, btage communication from Uueiph. CLIKTON, 0. W., Co, Welland, Tp, Stamford, Uo to Clifton Ifonse Slatlon, on the Erie and Ontario Railway, conneclliig ivlththell, W. H. atSuapeoilon Rrldge, Population about 1000, CLINTON, V. W., a Tp. in Lincoln Oo., but no Poit- ottice, for which aee Beainsville. CLINTON, C. W., lo. Huron, Tp. Tuckeramlth. Uo to Stratford by the llutfulo and Lake Huron, on U. T. It. Section, and take Goderich stage, which passes near. CLOVER HILL, Co. Simcoe, Tp. Esaa. See Ksia Weit. CLUNAS, C. W., Co. Elgin, Tp. Dorchester, South. Go to London or Ingeraoll, as the best frecpienled Stations, if not the nearest, beth on the U. W. It. COATEICOOK, C. K., Co. Stanatead ; a Telegraph Station un the G. T. R. Populaliun about »00. COHDEN, C. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. Ross. On south bank of Upper Ottawa River. Un line of Brockvllle and Ariiprior Extension. See Aylmer Eaat fur Upper Ottawa route. Population about TS. COBOURQ, C. W., Co, Northumberland, Tp. Ham- ilton, A large town, and main and Telegraph Sta- tion, on O. T, It., connecting point for Peterborough Ilranch Riiilway. Population about iiliio. COllItlNUTON, C. W., Co. Northumberland, Tp. Urighton. Go to Ilrigbton, a Station on the 0. I. It. Population about 75. COLIIOR.SE, tt Tp. in the Co. of Huron, hut no Post- otllce, comprising the following villages, with Poit- oftices, which see, \\z, : Auburn, Heninuller, Carlow. COLUORNE, C. W.,Co. Northumberland, Tp. Crunm- lie. A Station on the G. T. It., 14 miles eaat of Cobourg. Population about lloo. COLCHESTER, C. W., a Tp. in Essex Co., on the shore of Lake Erie. By way of Detroit River, the Terminus of the U. W. It., at Windsor, may be readilv reached. COLDSPRINUS, 0. W., Co. Northumberland, Tp. Hamilton. Go to Cobourg on the G, T. R., and thence hy the Peterborough Branch. Population about 1200. COLDSTREAM, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Lobo, In which is Komoka, a SUtion of the U. W. R. COLDWATEH, C. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Medonte. In summer go to Ilelle Ewart, and thence by Steamer to Orlllla, 14 miles distant. In winter go to Barrie ; Belle Ewart and Barrie are on the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Rail, from Toronto. COLEBItOOK, C. W., Co. Addington, Tp. Camden East ; the Railway Station is Nupanee, on the (I. T. R. Population about ViH. COLERAINE, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Toronto Gore. Oo to Mlmlco or Port Credit, on the G. W. R. Popula- tion about 50, COLIN VILLE, C. W,,Co. Lambton, Tp. Moore, in the Port Sarnia District, London belli); the nearest Rail Station on theO, W, K, COLLINGWOOD, C, W,, Co, Simcoe, Tp. Nottawasa- ga. Terminus of the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway, 97 miles from Toronto. Population about 2000 COLLINUWOOD, C. W. A Tp. In Simcoe Co., west of Nottawasaga. Not a Po.st-olllce of itself, bu'^ comprising Crulgleith, which sec. COLLIN'S BAY, C. W., Co. Frontenac, Tp. Kingston. A Station on the G. T. R., 7 miles west of Kingston. Population about 100. COLUMBUS, C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Whitby. Go to Whitby on the O. T. It. Population about 860. COMBER, C. W., Co. Essex, Tp. Tilbury West. Oo to Baptiste Creek, on the O. W. R. Populatlou about 60. 62 CANADA: CmKS, TOWNS, AND V ILLAOES. OOMKR'H MIIJ,H 0. Vf.,Cn. AdUlnKtnn, Tp. rrnn- town, (to to KriiMtiiwii nr Napaiire, nn th* (). T. It, I'ljiiilittliiii about -iiNI. OOMPTON, •'. !>;. A Tp. ami RI«otnr»l DlvUlon, ■nil main Hallway Htiitlmi uii lh« (I. T. II., 1 10 mllva frnm Mniitr«Hl. I'lipiilntluii alimit VfM). CONCOIIU, «'. W., t .1. Vi.rk, Tp. VaHghan. (»o to Thoriililll litHtldii, (III Ihu Uiilarlo, (i|mco« anil Huron Kallway, rrorii Toronti). OONHV, ('. W., Co. I'eith, Tp. OownU. Oo to Htrat- foril on the O. T. K. t'ONOKCON, ('. W., to. Princo Kilwaril, Tp. llllllcp, on Lake Ontario. ;, i:. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Ilullett. do to Vlratrnril »ii the O. T. It.,nnil alio tho T«rmliiui of the ItuHalo ami Laku Huron Itnll, whence the ex- tendon to Doilurlch tliruuKh thia townahlp will •hortiv he coinpleti'il, (•ONTIlKl'fKl'll, C. K, A Tp. in Co. Vercherei. On the ioulh ahore of the ft. liHwrence, Juat below Montreitl, wliure go hy Hall or Mteanier. COOKHHIIIK, C. K., Co. Conipton, Tii. Katon. Oo to Hhcrhrooke on the (1. T. K. Population ahout UlK). COdKtiTdWN, 0. W., Co. Hinicue, Ti.. Teeunwelh. do to llollanil LanilliiK. on the Ontario, HInicoe anil lliirnn Itnll, from Toronto. Population ahout IM). ('0()K»VII,LK, 0. W., ("o. Peel, Tp. Toronto. Dally itaKe from Oeneral Wolfe Inn, ('Ity of Toronto, throuKh Ktohlcoke; alao ttaKe from I'ort Credit Hta- lion, (>. W. K. Population ahout HtN). COPKTOWN, 0. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Heverley. A Htntlon on (>. W. It., 11 niliei weit of Hamilton. Poiiuliillon ahout 'itH), CORNWALL, C. W. County Town of gtonnont. A iniiln fliitlon of n. T. R., tM nillea from Montreal. foiiche. On honlrra of New Hninawick, near Ray of Chaii'ura. Uii the propoacil line of Hull con. nfclliiKtIiiHIriinil Trunk Hull nlth lliillfaa. PuuU' hitlon ithout lUN). CROTON, C, W , Co. Kent Tp. Camilin. »(> inllua from ( hulhiim, on the (1. \V. R. Alao cullcil John- ! alon'a Corni'm. Population aliont An. 1 fllOTON, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Mlihllcton, 19 ! inlh'a from HImi oi', anil H7 nilica from nriinlforil. I CHOWI.ANU, (1. W. A Tp. in ( o. Williinil. do to Port Colhorue, un the Uulfalo ami Lake liuroa Hallway, I CROWN I.ANDfl. Hoe dovernment l.anila for Hale. CHOYDON, C. W., Co. Aililliiglon, Tp. Camilin Kaal. thed. ISK. Populatlen ahij ihoul For PoatolHcei, Population ahout 21MN). lOllllN CORllNNA, C. W., Co, Umhton.Tp. Mooi-e. In Port 8arnla DIatrlct, on Ht. Clair River, Preaent nearest Blatlon, London, on the U, W. R. Population about HW. CUTKAC DIT liAC, C, K„ Oo, Pouianites. On north •hore of 8t, Lawrence, Hee Coteau Landing. Popu- lation ahout (Mi). COTKAIT LANUINO, V. E., Oo. Boulangea, A Station on tlie d. T, K, COTK UK8 NGIUKS, C, K,, Co. Ilochelaga, On the laland of Montreal, To which city go by Rail or Bteamer. Population ahout ttIK), COUKVAL, C, K. A Tp. in Co. Yamaaka. Fur Post- office and route aee 8t. Zephirim. COVKY HILL, C. £., Co. Huntingdon, Tp. Ilem- mingforii. On south ahore of Bt. Lawrence, (Lake Bt. Prancia,) nearly opposite O. T. R. Btatlon, R. Benudette, COX, C. E, A Tp, in Bonaventure. For Poat-offlce, etc., aee New Carllale, C0WAN8VILLE, 0. K,, Co. Hiasisiiuol, Tp. Durham, In whicli Is the Durham Station of the O. T. R, Population about 260, CRAIdLBITH, C, W., Co, tirey, Tp, Collingwood. Bee Collingwood. Population about fiO. CRAidVALK, 0. W., Co. Bimcoe, Tp. Innisfll. A Blatlon on the Ontario, Bimcoe and Huron Railway. For Post-ofllce see Innls&i. ORANBOUHNE, C. E. A Tp. [n Co. Dorchester, some 8U miles south of the O. T. R. Population about rm. ORAMAHK, C. W, A Tp, in Co, Northumberland. For PoBt-ofllces, see Costleton. For Kail Btatlon, aee Brighton, CREDIT, C, AV., Co. Peel, Tp. Toronto. Go to Port Credit, on the O. W. R. CREEK BANK, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Woolwich. Go to Schants, on the d. T, R., Toronto and Strat- ford Section. Population ahout 80. CREEMORE MILLS, C. W.,Co. Slmioe,Tp. Nottawa- saga. See Nottawasnga. Populntion about SO. CROMARTY, 0. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Ulbbert. Go to Stratford, d. T. R. Terminus. CROSBY'S CORNERS, C, W., Co, York, Tp. Mark- ham. Go to Thornhill, hy daily Stage from Yonge Street, Toronto, or by Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Railway. CROSSHILL, 0. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wellesley. Go to Petersburg, on the G. T. R. Population about 6U. CROSS POINT, C. E., Co. Bonaventure, Tp, Restl- do to Napance, on I [ 100. Ol'LROSB. A Tp, In Co. Druce. , etc., aei' Teeawater. 1 CI;LL0I)EN, C. W., Co. Oxfonl, Tp. Dereham, do I to InKcraoll, on tlic d. Vi. R. Populiillon nhout lAO. HHIMUKHLAND. a Ti). In Co. Ituaaull, For Poat- ollice, etc., aee Bear Brook, ••^ CrMMINSVILLE,l!. W.,Co. llaHon.Tp. Neiaon. Oo to Wellington Si|uare, on the G, W, R. Population about lAo, CUMNOCK, C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. NIchiil. Go to duvlph, on thed. T. R. H'UMBKHLAND, C. W., Co. Huaavll. 17 milea Inland from laniling of annie name on Ottawa River, whvra Steamer calls. Population about tfio. D. DAILLEIIOIIT, 0. E., Co. Jolilettc, Tp. De Ramsay. On North Shore of St. Lawrence, in the St. Maiiric* DIatrict, near the head of the Aaauinption River, which Mows into the St. Lawrence, near the laic or Monlreiil. do to Moutreal. PopnlHtioii alioiit IMHI. DAILLEVILLE, C. K., Co. Argeiiti ull. Rear of Chatham Tp. On Lower Ottawa DIatrict. North, caat Shore of that River. BteHmem from Montreal touch at front of Cliutham. Population about IIM>. DALHOt'SIK, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Lanark. For Post- ofllco, etc., see McDonald's Corners. DALHOUSIK MILLS, V. W., Co. Olengnry, Tp. Lochlel. do to Lancaster, on G, T, R, Population al)out 100, DANVILLE, 0. E., Co. Richmond, Tp. Bhipton. Klchmiinil Junction of the d. T. K. is In Shipton Township. Popuiution about "JAO. DARLING, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Lanark. For Post- olllce, etc., see Tatlock. DARLINdTON, C. Vi. A Tp. In Co. Durham. For Pimt-onice and Railway Station, see Bownianville. DAIITFORD, 0. W., Co. Northuniberlanil, Tp. Percy, do to Harwood nr dore'a Landing, on Peterborough Branch from Cobourg, on the G. T. R., thence by Passage Boat on Rice Lake to Dartford. Popula* tlon about 76. DAWN, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Lambton. For Post- ofUce and Station, aee Croton. DAWN MIU,S, C. W., Co. Kent, Tp. Oore of Cam- den. Try Thamesvllle, on the G. W. R. Popula- tlon aliout 2U0. DE'AUTEL'IL, 0. E. A Tp. In Co. Portncuf. For PoHt-odlce, see Ecureulis. DEALTOWN, 0. W., Co. Kent, Tp. Raleigh. Oo to Chatham, on the G. W. R. Population about no, DECEW8VILLE, C. W., Co, Haldimanil, Tp, Cayuga. Go to Canneld, on the Buffalo and Lake Huron R. Populntion about 100. DELAWARE, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Middlesex. Lon- don is the main point, or Komoka, both on the G. W. K. Population about 2,^0. DELTA, C. W., Co. Leeds, Tp. Bastard. Go to Landa- downe, on the G. T. R. Population about 'J60. DELHI, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. MIdilleton. Lies South of the G. W. IL, Brantford and London are nhout equi-dititnnt. DELERY. A Tp. on River Richelieu. Bee Napler- ville for Poat-ollice, etc. DEMORESTVILLE, C. W., Co. Prince Edward, Tp. Sopliiashurg. Situated on the Hay of (tninte. Kingston from the East, and Billeville from the West, are the nearest Stations, both on tlie d. T. It. The Buy of Quiute Steamers touch daily at all Ports within the Bay. Population about Hill). DENISTON, U. W., Co. Fruutenac, Tp. Hlnclilnbrooke. CANADA: CITIE8, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. For Post- mm. For riiiHnvllle. I'p. I'ercy. ertiorough tlieiicM l)y i'opulu- For Pout- For liward, Tp. f ()»lnte. from the lie li. T. It. iHlly lit aU t IKK). Iilnbrooke. niutldl North >bor« Portlsml. no to KInipitoti, i on the (t. T. K. At whith itlin nil Uli» Ontario < iinil t*t. Iiitwri'iirn Hluuiiii'ra tniii'li. D>:i(AMKAV, «' K. A T|>. Ill llHKot Co. B«« 81. { Hliiiiin lie YHUmiikn, DKUAMHAY, C. K., «.'o. Jotlittto. He* DikllU'lioiit. bKltltV, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Urvy. Hue KlUylh, for Poit-olHco, etc. DtRIHAM. A T|i. In Co. (Ixfonl, C. W,, Routh of Ingeraoll, it HtHllon on the <>. W. It. UKItUY WKHT, i\ W., Co. Peil, Tp. Toronto. Try I Port Crollt, nil lhv(>. W. It. Popiilnlinn ithnut IIMI. UKHCIIAMIIAUI.T, C. K. T|>. In Co. Pnrtneuf. On the North Htiorv of Kt. Iiawreiice. Hue Ue Auteull or Ia'I tli'urculU. Population uhout IMM). DKVO.N, C. W., Co, Huron, Tp. t'lliornu. Uo to Mtrntfonl, on the (I. T. H. DKWrn'VII.LK, CI. K., Co. Iluntlngilon. On the Houth Hhorn of Ht, I.nM reiiru, opuoilte Cotciiu LuntllDK, It HtKtIun on the U, T. It. Populiitlon about 2lK). DICKKNttON'H LANDINO, 0. W., Co. gtormont, Tp. Ouniihruck. A Htiitlon on the U. T. K. TT inllvi from Montreal. Popiilntlnn about IMM), DINOI.K, C. W., Co. llruiu, Tp. Huron, do to Htrut- ford, from thfiice the BulTttlo uiul Lake Huron Ex- tennlon to Uoderlch will uulat. DIXON'H COKNKIlt), C. W., Co. Dumlai. Tp. Matilda, In which la Matilda Htatlon, on the U. f. K. UONKOAI,, C. W,, Co. Perth, Tp. Kliiia. Goto Htrntford Termlhuii of the U. T. K. DOON, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Waterloo. Oo to PetcriiburK, on thn I). T. K. DOlU HKSTKU NOKTII, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Middle- ■ex. Uo to l&lwHrdiiburg, on the (). W. It. DOKCIIICMTKR HOIITH, V. W. A Tp. In Co. Rlgln. For Poat-oHlceii, etc., neu Belmont, (iluniiH, etc. DUUdHKHTY, C. W., Co. Perth, Ti>. N. K. Hope. Uo to Htriitford Termliiua of the U. T. U. DOUULAU, C. W., Co. Kenfrew, Tp. Uromlcy. On Ottawa Upper UUtrlet, on Houth Hhore of the Itlver. See Ayluier Kiiat. Population about I'ill. OUUULAS, O. K. Uee DimRlai Town, fur Poat-olllce, etc. Popiilallon alii>ut 8U0. DOCUI.AH TOWN, C. K., Co. Guape, Tp. Dougliu. On Houth Hhore of Ht. Lawrence, ua It flows Into the Uulf— cominunleiitloii by trailing veaaela. Popula- tion about KiM). DOW.NKYVILLE, C. W., Co. Victoria, Tp. Emily. Go to Port Hope, on the U. T. K., anil ttience hy Port Hope and lilndaiiy Kail, now open as far ai Omemee. Population about lIM). DOWNIE, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Perth. For Poat- ofUce, aee Avon Bank, 8elirliigvllle. DKAVTON, C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Peel. Oo to Guelph, on the U. T. H. Population about l&O. DHKHUGN, 0. W.. Co. Kent, Tp. Gore of Camden. tio to Thameavllle, on the O. W. R. Population about 8U0. DKKW'H MILLS, C. E., Oo. gtanatead. Oo to Coiitl- cook In aame Township, a Btatlon on the O. T. K. Population about 60. DIIUMBO, 0. W., Co. Oxford, Tp. Blenheim. A Sta- tion on the Buffalo and Lake Huron Hallway, miles north-west of Paris Junction. SKUMMUND, C. W. A Tp. in Lanark Oo. See Perth for Po8t-oftice, etc. DKUMMUNU VILLE EAST, 0. E., Co. Drummond, Tp. Grantham. Oo to Acton or Upton, on U. T. K. Population about i)&0. DRUMMONDVILLE, WEST, C. W., Co. Welland Tp. Stamford. Go to Stamford, on the Erie anil Lake Ontario Railway, from Suapenslon Bridge on G. W. H. Population about TUU. DUART, O. W., Co. Kent. A new Post-office. DUUS WELL, C. E. A Tp. In Wolfe Co. Go to Wind- sor, on the 0. T. R. Population about 100. OU.MONTIKH, C. K. A Tp. on North Shore of Lake St. Peter. For Poat-oHlce, etc., see St. Leon. DU.MMEU, C. W. A Tp. In Peterboro' Co. For Post- ofllce, sec Warsaw. DUMKUIfa NORTH, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Brant. For Vlllugea, Towns, and Post-ulQces within It, see Ayr, Giilt, Olcnmorrla, Konvllle. DUMFiUES SOUTH, C. W. A Tp. In East Riding of Co. Brant. For Towns, Poat-oHices, etc., see Branch- town, Harrlaburg, Paris, St. George, Brant. DUNANY, C. E., Co. Argenteull, Tp. Wentwortb. On NnrtheasI Mhor* of Lower Ottawa River, Meamen pau tmm Montreal. DINIIAK, C. W., Co. Dundaa, Tp. WllllanMhurg. On to Wllllaniaburg, Htatbin on the U. T. H. Popula- tion Hliollt UK). DI'NBAKTON C. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Pickering. Try Frencliiiian's Bay, on U. T. H. Population about 70. DINDAI.K, C. W., Co. (Irey, Tp. Melaiiethon. Brampton, on the G. T. R., Is the most freiiuented Htiitlnii In that District. Populiitlon about IlMl. DC.MIAM, C. W..Co. Wentwortb, Tp. West Fbiinboro. A Station on the (I. W. H., 6 miles from llanillton. Population alHiut 'iMNt. I)UNI)F.K, C. K.,Co. Huntingdon, Tii. GodmanchH- Irr. On South Shore of River nt. Lawrenre, nppn- •lie Coteaii Landing, on the G. T. R. Population aliout I'ift. UUNHAM, (MO. ATp.lnCo. Mlasl»<|unl. TryCoatl- cook, on the G. T. K., other Stations may be equi- distant, such as Acton, Durham, etc., to the north- ward, OUNNVILLE.O. W.,Co. Haldlmand, Tp. Moulton. A Station on llumtloaiid Lake Huron Railway, 4A mile* ■iMilb of Paris Junction. Population aliout INHI, DUNWICH, C, W. A Tp. In Co. Elgin. For Post- otllces. Villages, etc., see lona, Largie, Port Talbot- vlllo, Tyrconnel. UUItllAM, C. E., Co. Drummond. A Station on th« U. T. R., 10 miles from Klchmond Junction, Popu- lation about itOO, IS EARDLEY, 0. E. A Tp. In Ottawa Co. ; fronting th« North Shore of River Ottawa, above Hull Tp, See Ay liner East. EAST CLIFTON, 0. E. A Tp. In Oo. Compton. Oo -^. H. to Compton Station, G. T. EAST FARNHAM, i'. K. A Tp. In Co. Brome. As- cott and Compton Stations of the U. T. R. are equl- , distant. EAST FRAMPTON, 0. E. A Tp. In Co. Dorchester. Becancour Station on the O. T. IL U nearest Hall point. EAST GLENELG, C, W. A Tp. In Co. Grey. Oo to Guelph on the G. T. R., thence by stage on Owen Sound route. EAST HAWKESBURG, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Prescolt, fronting the South Shore of River Ottawa, and passed hy steamers between Montreal and Ottawa. EAST HEREFORD, C. E. A Tp. In Compton. Oo to Ooatlcook on the G. T. R. EAST HOLLAND, C. W., Co. Grey, Tp. Holland. Oo to Colllngwood by Ontario, SImcoe and Huron Rail from Toronto, and thence to Owen Sound by Cana- dian Steamer. EASTON'S CORNERS, 0. W., Co. Orenvllle, Tp. Wol- ford. Go to BrockvUle on the 0. T. R., and thence by stage on Perth route. Population about lUO. EAST N1880URI, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Oxford. For Post-offlce, etc., see Lakeside. EAST OHO, 0. W., Co. SImcoe, Tp. Oro, fronting West Shore of Lake SImcoe. Go to Barrle by the Ontario, SImcoe and Huron Railway from Toronto. EAST WILLIAMSBURG, C. W., Co. Dundaa. A Tp. and Station on the O. T. R. Usually called Wll- llaroaburg — which see. EAST WOOD, C. W., Co. Oxford, Tp. South Oxford. Oo to Ingersoll on the O. W. R. EATON, 0. E. A Tp, In Compton. Oo to Lennox- vllle or Watervllle on the G. T. R. EDEN, 0. W.. Co. Elgin, Tp. Bayham, fronting Lake Erie. Port Stanley, which see, is the nearest Hall- way point. EDEN .MILLS, C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Eraraosa. Go to Kockwood on the O. T. R. EDMONTON, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Chinguacousy. Go to Brampton on the G. T. R. EDWAKDSBURG, C. W, A Station on the G. W. R., (not a Post'OfHcc,) 10 mllea east of London, C. W. Population about 800. EDWAHDSBUHO, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Orenvllle. A Station on the O. T. R., 68 miles east of Kingston, C. W. EGANVILLE, 0. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. Grnttan. A back Township. The BrockvUle and Arnprlor ex- 64 CANADA: CITIKS, TOWNS, AND VII.LAOKH. Uniinn will cnm* within II mllM ; prnflud bjr l'\t iinr Otiitw* Htnitniiin— fur wlilcli ••• Aylin«r Knat. roiiiilittlnn nhoiit ITA. Etll.lNdTON, ('. W , Co. Vnrk, Tp. York, riv* mlli-> frmii Tiirniitii t'liy, u|i Viiiikk ilmt. (to hjr Thorii' hill or ill I'nII (Ula DiiiiiUiiia. KlIMDNIIVII.I.K, t' W.t'ii. Iluriin, T|>. Tiiiktmrnlth. (Ill III Htriiirunl Juiicllun of tha Itiiirulu niiil l.iiliii lliiriiii Hiiil tl. T. H. KdKKMONT.l'. W. ATp liiCo.Orty. UotnUiitl|., iinti Htntloii. Hiiil I'lnt'omcD nil Ilia U. W. H., i)i>ii Clly on tli« (t. T. K. PopiiUlInn Hhnut Ml. Kl.. Let'ila. ror Town* mill Poatnin>'t>a, aea ilriKkvlllv, Ailillion, vtc. RM.KXMKKK, <'. W,, Co Vnrk, Tp Bciirboro'. (io lo l<('Hrboro' Htiitloii, on Ihu (I. T. K. KIJ,ICR, C. W. A Tp. Ill Oo. Pirth. tor Poit-office, uto., aeu KInkorn. KI,)IA, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Pcrtli. Go lo Btmtronl Jiiiirllon of Ibu lluflTiilo iinil I.iiki> Huron iinil (>. T. It. KI.MdItOVK, C. W., Co. Hlmooe, Tp. bmt. (In to tUtn Htiillnn, on Dntiirlo, tUmcov, uml Huron Uullwuy. ELORA, C. W., Co. WfllliiKtnn, Tp. IMIkliiKton. (In to Ouoliih by tli« U. T. K., wbi'iicu Btagva dally con- nect. Population about I'iiHl. EI.V, C. K. A Tp. Ill tHiulTnril. Ulrlileil Into North anil Mouth Kly, which ail«li of the G. T. H. to Port Har- ni» will blamt the Tp. of Wllllama. rAltMKKSVILLK, C. W., Co. Leuila, Tp. Yonga. Lyn or Malbiry Town, on the ^^, T, H., are the nearexl Htaliona. PopuUilon about MM), FAHNHAM, C R. htx Kaat Farnham, Adamavllla, etc , for Piiit'Oinceii. FARNHAM CKNTRK. See Kaat Farnham. Farnham Cenlrn boa a Pnal-oini'v. I'npululloii about UNI. FKNKLON, 0. W. A Tii. In Co. VlelorU. For Poal- olllrea, aee Canibray, Venelnn Fulla. FKNKL(iN FAI.LO, C. W., Co. Victoria, Tp. Fenelun. Gil to Port lliipi-, on G. T. H., thence make for Llnilaay by Kallwiiy, partly open aa far aa Omemae. Population about \M. FENWiCK, C. W., Co Weiland, Tp. Pelham. "o to Jordan, on the (1. W. It. riROUt, C. W., (Ni. Wellington, Tp. NIehol. Dally Stage to and from Guelpli, a uialii Station on tlie G. T. It. Populallon about tnut,. FKRGCHUN'H FALLS, C. W., (%i. Lanark, Tp. Drum- mond. Go to Perth. Daily Stage from llmi-kville, a main G. T. R. Station. Extenalon Railway in progreaa. FKItltALL'S LANDING, 0. W. On the South Shore of Itlver Ottawa, near the mouth of River llon- chere. Thia la reached by Steamer from Aylmer Eaat, and la the Point for the Ottawa and Opeongo Roail Settlement. See Mount St. Patrick. Pupulik- tlon about N). FKRMUY, C. W., Co. Frontenao, Tp. Bedford. Go to Kliigaton City, on the G. T. R. FINCH, V. W. \ Tp. In Btormont Co. For Poat- olHce, etc., aee llvrwick. FINGAL, C. W., Co. Elgin, Tp. Southwutd. Oo lo Port Stanley, on Ijtke Erie, connected with Lon- don by Branch to the O. W. It. Population about &IH). FISH CREEK, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Bltnahard. Oo to Stratford G. T. It. FITCH DAY.r. E.,Co,Stan)tead, Oo to Coatlcook, on the 0. T. R. FITZALAN, C. E., Co. ArgenteutI, Tp. ArundeU. On North Shore of Lower Ottawa, near Montreal, which aee, FITZROY HARBOUR, C. W., Co. Carleton, Tp. Flla- roy. On I'liper Ottawa. See Aylmer Eait, whence Steamera ply to and fro. FLAMBOKO EAST, ('. W. A Tp. In Wentworth Co. For Piiat-ofllce, aee Carliale. FLAMBOKO WEST, 0. W. A Tp, In Co, Wentworth, For Poat-ofllce, etc., aee Strabane. FLINT, C. W., Co. Ailillngton, Tp. Kaladar. The Poat-oRlce under thia name. In thia newly-aettled Iliatrict, haa been dUcontliiued. Napanee la the Station on the G. T. it. Montreal and Toronto Uia- trict by which thia place la reached through New- burg, T inilea, Kellor'a Cornera milea, Caiiiden and Shelllelil Road 1 mile, Tamworth 6 mIlea, which la abmt 14 milea from Kaladar Townahip, where the Addlngton Itouil Free Granta of Land commence. FLORENCE, 0. W., Co. Lambton, Tp. Euphemia. Go to Bothwell, on the G. W. R. FLOS, C. W. A Tp. in SImcoe Co. Oo to Barrle or Sunnidale, both Stationa on the Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Rail from Toronto. FONTHILL. A Poat-omce In Pelham Tp., Co. Wei- land. See Fenwick. FORCASTLE, (J. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Thorah. Make for Beuverton by Belle Ewart, on the Ontario, SIm- coe, end Huron Hallway, and thence by Steamer. FORESi'ER'S FALLS, C. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. Roaa, On Upper Ottawa Itlver, For Steamer, aee Aylmer East, Population about 2fi, F0RE8TVILLE, 0, W,, Co, Norfolk, Tp. Charlottevllle. On ahore of Lake Erie, No Railway Station can be named aa ailjacent. Try Port Miiltiand on the UulTalo and Lake Huron Line, Population about 100, •' CANADA: Ori'lKM, TOWNS, AND VILLAOW. 65 "o to Ooto 'p., Co. Wcl- t'UKKMON.t', \V.,f(i. Wenlworlh.Tif. U (ill tu DuiiUiu uii the (1. W. U. t'opu ronrAH, o, w., vo. i,m. n»>ur>i itni^k <>r l.mKihiwno, whii'h l« • Huilniiun llu'O.T. H. I'up- iilitlliin hImiiiI Ut. I'dlll' COIILONdU, ('. K.,(„. I'otilliin, Tp. M»ii«n.Tl.|. itii Niirtti Hli|iiiliil|i>n Ktimit Itt. HHIT I'iUlK, ('. W,, t M, \tflluii.l, Tp, llrrtlr. TliK * itiiiiiUiiii I'ui'MiliMia iirilii' lliiirulo mill l.nkH lliirnii ■ lull, ii|i|iiialli> mill M iiill«« rrnin, lliilTniii liy Hlt'iiiiU'r. roltl' U II.M.VM. Kii Miito fur lltiiUiiii'a lliiv I'arrl- tiirtf, iilmvii Citiill 1*1. Mariw. roitr » II.I.IAM, <'. K., ( •>. I'niitU.', Til. >:>h«r. On N'lirlti Hliiirit lit l'|i|i«r lutitwu, rniiilliig tli» rlvur. Kir niiilH, ii'u Aviiiii'r Kmit, Kdl'llMKII, (', W., »'.i. l>ii..onit, T|i. I>litiilni|riii|ia. rUiwa Into (Unpv llit.v, iiHiir (liiir lit Ht. Lkwii'Iicx. Triiilliig vdmi'U friiiii (tiu'livo, fopiiUlliiii aliiiiit 4iNI. K(l.''M.\MIIAtl,T. A Tp. Ill I'lirtiieiif |t|»»rlct. On SiMili .Sliiiru of Ht, l.awrviicv. Mliiiiit 'ill uillx Wfnt »l i^ii'lii-o. HcH »l. Ciitliri'liiii a, I'. K. VUAMI'ro.M, C. K. A Tp. Ill Uorelinlcr Co. «l» to OhIk'h Itixiil III! th* II. r. K. riiA.NKFOIII), (!. W., Co. Iliwlliiipi, Tp. Hlilney. (In III lli'lluvillv nil tli« II, T. It. rnpillullnll ulioiit )iriil. rilANKTOWN. ('. W., Co. I.itiiiirk, Tp. llHukwIlli. Ilm-k frniii I'urtli. On tli« IIiik hI IIiu llroukvllla KxliMialnii to Arnpi'liir. Huu I'urtli unil llruukvlllu. I'llpllllltlnll IlllilUt litll. i'KA.NKVII.I.K, ('. W., Cn. I,e«ilit snil (Innvllli*, Tp. Kiilvy. Hvt) Kriinktuwn. I'opiiUllnii Hliiiut liMi. rUKOKItlCKHIICKO, C. W., Co. Niirriilk, A Tp. For I'lml'OlIlce, I'li;,, aeu Wliiilliitni. FHKIlKKICKtlMCUO, ('. W., Co. I.eniinx. A T|>. niiil l>n»t-ollk'«. (Ill to Fi'iipntiiwn on tlio (I, T. It, rRCE GRANTS OF LAND, C. W. Hee (loverii- iiiiiiit I'rvH l.uiiil mill Iliiiitv4. . W. FUmliiirii jiuliUloii uliuut I. til. ritKimiltd, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wutflrloo. Oo In llurlln on lliu (t. T. I(. I'opuliitlnii nlioiit IIIO. KItKI.KIIItlUCKO, C. K., Co. .Ml>ii|iii|iini, Tp. Ht. Ar- iiiiiiiiln. Nuiir llie liouiiilury Una of the Mtutea. No iiiljiieent ftiitlun can lie nitmeil. H«« Coitticook tu uiiproxiiiiiite. I'opulullun uliout iliHl. VUK.NCIi VIMiAUK, C. K.,Co. llruiiiinnnil. Tp. Klng- •ey. (In to Uiinvllle on the (>. T. I(. I'opuUtlnn Hhout iM. rUO-iT Vli,l,A(lK, C. K., In Tn. aiiil Co. Hhefforil. do to KIc'hiiiiiiiil on the li. T. It., Junction of two Hi'C- tlonit, I'opulitliiin ulioiit l.til. HII.I-AKTON, C. W.,aTp ' rth Co. Oo to Htrat- foril on thu (I. T. It. I' ..,.itlon ahout KM). fULTO.N, C. W., Co. L.-colu, Tp. CaUtur. Oo to Uriiiuhy on th« U. W. U. o OAINHnOKOUOH. A Tp. In Co. Lincoln, hut no I'nst-ulllce uniler that title. Sue Kt. AnnV, Uncolii, QALT, V. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Diiinfile*. A Sta- tion oil the (lalt anil l'rei•>{>. OK.NTILLY, C. K. A Tp. in NIcolet. FrontlnK the South Shore of tie St. liawri nee, about t) mllen be- low Three Itiven., (on the nppoHite ahore,) where thu ({uebec anil .M>.>ntreal Sti amera touch, foiiula- tinii about OiKI. OEORQETOWN, C. W., Co. ilalton, Tp. EaqucalnK. A Station on the (1. T. U. Population about I'JUll. UKOIUIKVILLK, C. K. A Tp. in Staimteail. Oo to Ciiatleooke or ('iimpton, on the U. T. K. On the MuKox Lake with Steamer plying to Newport. Pop- ulation about 'J5U. (IKOIKIINA, C W. ATp InCo. Yiirk.fr.itillniiLhk* SliiiruK, (III III lliilhiiiil l.aiiilliig nil till! Oiilarl'i, Hliii , mill Iliirnii Hall frniii Toriiiilo. IIII.IIKIirS MILLS, ( . W ( >. I'rliii'ii rilwnnl, Tp Siiphlii'hiirK. (Ill to llflli'villii for ilowii, ami In KliiK>(iiii tiif up, Hti'aiiii ra plyliix "U the Hay nf (inliiliV lli'lli'tlllu mill UliiK«tiiii aru linlh Sti llniia nil thu II T. 11., .Mniilrual nml Toniiiln Huilloi . (ILANKOHIl, C. W. A Tp.liiCii. Ui'iilwnrtli. .1 . lo On iiilngii, nil the lliilliilii ami Luke llurnn, oi In 0> irln, nil Ihu (I. \V. II. IILKNCOK, C. W., (II. MliMliiux, Tp. KkfrliL AMIa- tlnii nn thu (I. W. U. I'lipuliillnii about irrn. (ILKNKLd, C. W. ATp. In Cn. (iruy. (In (n lluelph, nil tho (I, T. II , Tnrniiln ami Slralfnril Huellini, Ihuiiuu hy O'.Null a Owuii Snuiiil SlaK'''. (ILK.SLOVI), (\ K., In. Mi(>inllc, Tp. Invurnuaa, lid tn Siiiiiuraut, nn the (I. T. II. (ILKNLVON, C. W., Cn. Ilri Tp. Carrl.k. (lo tu (lui'Iph aa for (IIuiiuIk, nlilih av«. I'npuladnii abiiiit 40. (ILKN .MOItlllS, C. W., In. (Irani, Tp. Diiinfrlua. (In til I'arU .liimtlnn nf (lull nml I'ruainn (I. W. II., ■ml lliiirnln anil Lake llurnn Hallway, I'opulatlnu abiiut liHl. IlLKN WILLIAM, C. W., Cn. Ilaltnii. Tp. RaiiuralnR. (In tn (lunrgutnwn, on the U. T. H. Population abiiiit >Kk), (ILOICK.XTKH, C. W. A Tp. In Cn. Carluton. (Nnt a I'lMl-nilli'u.) A Statlnii iiuar Ottawa City, on lli« Ottawa ami I'ruounit Itallway. (lOIILK'S COHNKHS, C. W., Co. Oxfnril, Tp. Uluii- liulni. (In In Druiiiliii, on the llulTalu anil Lake llurnn, or I'aria Jumllnn nf (I. W. It. QODERICH, C. W. A Tii. In Cn. llurnn. Bee nn- lli'u ulauwhuru. I'npulallnii aliniit 4lH)ll. (10II.MAM IIKSTKH, C. K. A Tii. In HunllnKiInn, frniitliiK Siiuth Slinru nf thu St. Lawruiicu, In ami liuar wlili'h are the fnllnHliiK Vllhigea anil I'lmt- nllli'ua, vln. : Dumlev, Alilnut, iluiitliiKiInn, anil La (liiurru, wlili'li aue. (!0LI)I-:N CIIKKK, C. W., Cn. Lauibton, Tp. Iloaaii- ipiul, frniitliiK Lake llurnn. In I'nrt Sariila Dla- Irict. At prui4unt go tn SInitfuril by 0. T. H, (JOOItWOIIII, C. W., Cn. Olilaili, "p. UxIiiIiIko. (lo to Stnuirvllle by SIiiku fmiii Toronto City iliilly, at '2 P. .M., or to Svarlinro', nn tlio II. T. It,, MnntrenI anil Tnrniitii Section. I'npulallon about IIHI. OOHK, ('. K. A Tp. In Arueiiteull. (Not a Poat- nllli'e.) Huu LakuHulil. I'n|iulatliin alinut IIMMI. OOUK OK ToltO.NTO, C. W. A Tp. In Co.Puul. See CiiKtlemnre, Ciileniliiu, Kluhvlew, anil Tullamnre. OOHK'S LANDINO, C. W., Cn. Nnrthuiiilierlanil, Tp. llanilltnii. A Statlnii on the Cobuurtf anil Peter burn' lliillway. From CobourK on the O, T. K. I'llpllllltlnll abnllt iVl. (iOllNlLKY'S, C. W., Cn. Vnrk,Tp. Markhani. Goby Stnuirvllle Stage frniu Tnronto City aally, at Vl.HO P. M. (lOKHIB, 0. W., Co. Huron. A new Poatnfflce. (lOSFIKLI), C. W. A Tp. In t'o. F^aaex, fronting Lake Krlo. (lo by 0. W. K. to llaplLsle Cruuk. (lOSI'OHT, C. W., Cn. Lui x, Tp. Ailnlphuatown, fronting liay of (lulnte, Uo to Krneatowii, nn the (1. T. U. UOCLUCUN. A Tp. In Co. Carluton. For Pimt- nlllcu, etc., aue Ashtnii. (lOULI), C. K., Cn. Coiiiptiin, Tp. Llngwtck. Oo to Wlnilanr nr Sherbrooke, on the (I. T, K. Piipiila- tinii abnut Hill. (lOCUOl K, (;. W., Cn. Wellington, Tp. Uuulpli. (luulph In a Main Statlnii on the 0, T. K. (lOWKIl POINT, C. W., ( n. Uunfruw.Tp. Wuatmuiith, froiitiiig I'ppur Ottawa Shore. For Uoute aeu .Vyl- niur Kast. OUAIIA.MSVILLK, C, W., Co. Peul, Tp. Chlngua- rnUHy. Ill which U llraniptnn, a Main Statlnn nn thu 0. T. K. Pnpulalion abnut l.Ml. QRANBY.C.K. In Cn. Shulhinl. In Southernpnr- linn nf ShelTnril. Try Cptoii, nn the 0. T. K. Pnp- ulatlnii abnut 4lK). (IKANDK IIAIK, C. R., {.'n. Chicnutlinl, Tp. Bagot. la ruacliuil In Suinmer by Steainura from tluebec, Po|i- uhitinn about T.'iO. (iltANI) OUKVe, ('. K., Co. (laape. Within OaKpe Itay. Steamera to ShuiUau anil Trailers from tjiiu hue alToril muana of tranalt. OKANDK LIUNK, t;. K. Query, on Lake 8t. John's, above Ciiicoutlml. i' II 111 M CANADA: CniKH, TOWNH, AND VILhAOKfl. ttRAND RIVRR, (' R. iV Oiwii*. N**r M. MUh.! Oh tliiir of HI l^inrri-ni'u, liilii whii'h It lliiwi (llv>« iiMiiiua 111 It I'uk iinii'o aii-l |)«UI«iii«iil. flip Uliill'iii nh.iiil IV) III Mnoolii In r<>r Towiw, Vllli>||i'<, kikI I'iiM onirca, •»•< llriiiiiiiioiiilvUI*, Hurl ItiilliMU'li', mill Ml riilliiirliii'a, Mr'•< K.|(:iiiil1li', lUitilvlll' ; ••« iiUo Criiwii I.HiiiU mill Vrvf itruiiK (lUKKMIANK, ^ W , V«. lIuUrtn.Tp R»uh. Uo lit Wlillhy nil I|m> O T II. (IHKKMit KM, I II. I la A PiMl amer Mm Rroili vIIIh I'ii|iiiIi«I|i>ii itliiiiit M. IIHKKNOI K, r. W A T|> In to nniiii (In In lliii'liih, Ihvtioa ItyHitiifi'vii Hninl. Ouoluti U null. T. K. UHKKN POINT, C. W., Cu. Prliir* Kilw*r III* ',. I'likcrltif, ( II Oiiliirlo, Tp Inn llllillll IMHI. UltKN\ II.I.K, r K A Tp III Argi nti'iill. On Lnwir (Mtiiwii IIUiT, nnir Jiinillnii ullli ''. liHwrrncn (In In Vnnilri'iill, nn lliii O. T. H. horllnii, nr In Montreal i Ity for Cli'iinirr. I'npiiliillnn ntinnl Iw. OHKV, ('. \V. A Tp. In In llurun. Vnt Ituuli-, iiii (Irtrnork nhov, ORIKHHVIM.r. ('. W.Oo llri-v.Tp. HI Vlncnl. (In t<'twi'rnThri'f Ulvfru unil Ijui'lii'i', Hi whli'li lhi> Hlviimrn hihI Tritilrra Inili'h Pnplllutlnn uliilllt I tINI. UKOVtyeNli, ('. W., Cn. KiKin, Tp. Mnlnlililf, frni.l. liiK liiiki* Krli*. (In In l.nnilnii Hihl In Purl Htunli'y liy llriini'li Uiillwnv. I.niiilnn la on (I. W. It. OUCLPH, ('. W., ii>. Wi'lllnglnn. A Town, Town- •lilp, iinii Miiin Hlitllnii, wllti Ti'li'ffriiph, mi (I. T. It. Torniitn itiiil HIriilfliril Hci'llnn. F'rniii Toronto 47, •ml lllimlltilll Itll llllll'a. Pnplllnllnll lllinul iMNMI. OrVHIlOHO', I'. W., Cn. Nnrfnik Tp. HnuKliInn, rronllns l.uk« Krie. PnrI HHrnlii la iipiirral Itiitlwuy pnlnl wlili'h Itcnnnpiiril wlUi (I, W. it, Ht Loiidmi. UWILMMULKV W»T, (!. W. A Tp. Ill Hliiicoe (Hmilli). Hi'u Hrmlforil. UWIi.UMIIIMtV KAHT, ('. W. A Tp In York. Hrv lliilluiiil liiinillng, Nrwiiinil, (Jiii'vnavlllc, iiiiil fliii- ron. awiM.IMnrRY north, C. W. • a Tp. in York, fruulliiK Litke lrt, on thu llullul.) lunl Luke llurun Kiiilwiiy. ^ HALDIMAND, C W., Cn. Nnrthumlifrlnnil. A Tp. In which Ih (Irufton, ii Htitllon on Ihu (I. T. R. IIALtrA.X, (', K. A Til. In MegHn'tlc. do to Arthi- biMkii, on thu (I. T. It. IIALUOWKM,. A Tp. fronting the Bay of Qillnte. For princlpul YlliHgu nuil Poat-otllcc, iee bloom- flelil. IiAI.L'H MII.i.9, ('. W., Co. MliUlleiex, Tp. Wcitmin- iitvr. Hev Lnnilon. HAM, C. R. A Tp. In Wolfe. Oo to Danville, O. T. R. UAMIIUltd, (!. W., Co. Lennox, Tp. rreaerlcks- hurt;. do to Niipanve, nn the d. T. R. HAMILTON, C. \V. A City In the Tp. of Barton anil Co. of Wvntworth. The Main Htallon anil ChU-f Onice of thu (ireat Weatern liallway to and from Toronto, Hunpeimlon Brtilxe, and Windsor from the Weal. HA.MILTON, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Northumherland, for whleh ace Cohoiirn, llaltlinore, Hcwdley, Cold- ■prliiK*, and Hartronda. Towns, VIllaKi'a, and I'oal- oincea altuateil within It. HA.MPTON, C. W., Co. Durham, Tp. Darlington, do tn Uowmanville, on the d. T. R. Population about tttm. UANNON, 0. W., Co. Wentwortb, Tp. Qlanford, which tIANOVKR, r. W., Ta Or«y, Tp nantlmk, mhUk avr PnpilUIInn aliniil Iml IIAIII.>:M,I W.l'nl la Tp lUaUrd (In In Mai. lory Town, nil O T U Popiilnilnn ahoiii hlii II AHPI HMKY.C. W , In. Unroll, 1), M^Klllnp dot* Hlriiiri'fil, lir d T H , nr lliiiraln xii.l I.hIik Huron, Ihi'ni'v by lioiKrb'h HlHgi- Pnpiiliilinn aboiil iiNI. IIAHRIKTHVII.I.i:. C W , Co Ml.|ill<-a..<, r|i Unt i'hrairr (In In Kilwarilaburg or l.onilnll, nil d W. H PiipiilNtlnn •biiiil liKl HAHHINi.riiN »:AHI', V K. A Tp In ArKiiil.iiU. On North Hbnrii uf Lowar Oltnwa, noar inniliianca wllh Ht. I.awreuiia. do to .Miiiilrcal PnpuUllna Hhoiit ifity MARltlNdToN WRHT, C W , Cn ll>roril, Tp Wall /.nrra do In Wnodalot'k, on Iha d, W. II. Piipit« iNlliin alniiil Uil ilAHHIHHl'ltd, C W (n Hrant.Tp Hmilh Duinrrl**. A Hlalliin on Iha d. W. It , ami Juni'llmi of Praalaa and dull lliillway. PnpiilHtlnn abmit lUH). II VltlllHTllN, (' W , Cn Willliifl.in, Tp Mliitn (>« In diK'Iph, on the d. T. R , and Ihsni'n by Hta(« imrlh IIAHROHHMITII.I W , Cn rronti'nar,Tp Porllanil. do to Niipaiiiii', nn d. T. R Popniiilloii about IWI, IIARTroRll, C. W., ( u. Norfolk, Tp. Towiiaand. «•• Wali-rfnril IIARItdW, Co. raaox, A new Poat ollti'a. IIAKWIt II, ( W. A Tp. Ill Kent, (in to Chatham, nil died W. R, IIARWddll. C W , ( n Nnrthninberbiiid, Tp. llainlU Inn. (In In llnllliiiore, nn ('nhoiirn '<"■' I'vtarbO- rough Railway fmui Coboiirg, uu d. T. It. IIAKI'INdH. Hfp tliiilni'. IIAMTIMII', I . W, Cn Pnlirboro, Tp. Aaphodel. (to lo I'i'ii'riinro Tcrtiilniw of llranoh rroin (1. T. IL Poiiiiliillnii about -HKt. HATLkV, < K. A Tp. In Htanalead, ton, nil Ihi- d T. It. ilAWK»;Mltl RY, C. W ,( o. Prvaiolt. (Into Comp* A Tp. fronting rihoru of Lower dllawa Ittver. Hlatlnn fur dtlaw* Hleaiiier froiii .Moiitreiil. Pnpulallon about IWN). IIAWKHTONK, U. W , ( n. Hlnune, Tp. Oro. US North Hhore of Lake Hliiii'oe, uliove llarrle. do to Uarrle, which aec. Population about llH). ilAWKHVILLK, C. W., ( n. Waterloo, Tp. WclUaley. (lo to Peteraburg, on tha d. T. R. Puuulallou about IVft. II AY, ('. W. Tp. In Co. Huron, fronting Lake Huron. do In HIratrnril. IIAYHVILLK, C. W., Cn. Waterloo, Tp. Wllmol, In which la Peteraburg Mtatlun ou the d. T. It. Pupu< latloii about lUNi. IIKAI)»'ORD, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Markharo, which •ee. Population about 7A. HKADVILLk, C. K., Co. Driimmond, Tp. drantham. du to Auloii, on the (I. T. R. Population about liNI, HKCK'H (OR.NKIIH, C. W., Co. drenvllle, Tp. Huuth (lower, which aee. IIEIDKLHl'ltd, (,', W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Woolwich. (In to llcrlln, on the d, T. It. Pnpuhillnn about i2*,\ IIK.M.MINdKOItU, C. K. A Tp. lu HunlliiKdon. A t*latlon on the Platlabiirg Kiillway, 41 milea from Montreal. Popiilalloii about 7lHI. HKNDKUHONH CORNERS, C. W., Co. Victoria, Tp. Kiiilly, which aee. HKNIIVVII.LK, C. K., Cu. Iberville, Tp. Habrevoia. do to ttnuae't P lint. Thia Village Ilea east u( River Itlchelleii. Population about tUK). HERDMAN'H COUNKItX, C. K., Co. Iluntlngdnn. Tp. Illnchiiibrooke, lietwevn til. Lawrence and Itlver Itlchelleii. Hee Uenlston. IlKRKt'OKI), C. K. A Tp. In Compton. Go to CoaU. cook, nn the (1. T. it. IIIHIIKItT. ^(nUltO, C. W., Co. Lambtnn, Tp. Plyiupton, near Port («iit IIUI. ipliiii, newr (ftriilforil, nut IIH). Krin. do huut llh). . Itrlghton, « (J. T, U. iigiluD. For ^•(■nfflrM, VIIU|M, •!«., ••• A)h«btnn, DanUinn, lUrilninn'i I'lirii"*. I|IH,I,«MI, t . tV t T|i In lh« <<■ nf Yorli, Tp Kiwt tlwll llinliiirjf \ fiIiiIImii itn Iho OiiliirIn, Hlnirii», itml lliiroii Hitlloay frniu TMrnnlo. lit iiilira rrmii Tu rmilK I'iiiiiiIhM'Mi ahmit IMNI. lll)l.l,kN r. W , t '> t^'lllii^tnli, T|> Marylinrmiih. (Ill III liiii'liili, nil II. T II , anil tliriiiia li) Muga. lllM.^IMVII,l,»!. Hon rl< h HUl.YIIIHtl), «, W , «'». Ilriiiv, Tp KInliiaa, naar Lulia llurtiii. Alxuit 'iiliiillua from lluilrrliti, wlildi a«a, IIOPK, Vf , Co. Durhmn. A Tp. In whlih ura Can liin, I'rrrjtMwii, ami KlUaliillivlllx, IVIIIagiia unil I'lml nrttri'a, I tthli'll at>(f. l|lll'»:r0WN, «: W , lo. Lanark A Tp naar floulli Hliiira of t'pprr Oltjia'a, nrar Mtirov. Maa Aylmar liliial, for roiila. I'iiimiUiIoii nlioiit Im). HOK.'XHY, r W., Co. Il.illiin, Tp. »:a'«. IIOWK K, C. K, ( .1. I lialritii(il»y. <'•> to Naplor villa, on tliu I'litllaliiirt ami HI. Lnwrvnca lUllroail. Popiilntlon ahout lAll. HOW 11 K, ('. W , Co Huron. A Tp. In whUh la a I'oil onirc, I.IdhiI)'!!, wIiIiIi •■mv linillKI.I.'H KAI,I,H,I'o (iirlilon. H<'« Aylmrr Kaat lll'l.l., C v.. A Tp. iiiitl I'lmt Dinoe of llo'lf. In Co Olliiiva, oil lliK iippimltK ulilx of Ilia Itlvvr iit Ullit- wit. I' W. I'npulutlon Hhoiit 'J.Ml. Hl'l.l/K I'T, C. \V A Tp. In Co. Huron, In which ara llriiii ak« Huron Hall- way. IIU.^lUEIi, 0. W., Co. York, Ti>. Klohlroka. (lo to MInilcu on (I. Vl. H., alao Cuokavllle ilaiiH fruin Wolfu Inn, Toronto. HUMIiKltXTONK, ( . Vr. A Tp. In NVallanU Co. nvar Wallanil Caniil. (lo to UlilKaway on Buffalo uuil l,ake Huron lliillway. IIII.NTKII.STOW.N, C. K. A Tp. In Maiklnongt. On North hhori! of Lakr tV A Tp. In Co. Ha«tlnK> For i'oat-nfflcv, vl(V, tee Ivunhov. HUNTINIiVII.LK, V. K., ( o. RIchmonil, Tii. AacotI, which la » atatlon un the (I, T. It. I'opulatlon shout IIM). IIUNTLKY, C. \V. A Tp. In Co Carlelon. (lo to Ot- tawn City by ilmnch lliillwii)', from I'rviicotl, on the n North Chore of ft. Lawrence, on lllvlere L'Aiw-iimpllon, which llowH Into the ft. Lawrence near Isle JeauH. Uo to Montreal. I'opulntinn about INIU. INGERSOLL, C. W, Co. Oxford, Tp. North Oxford. Popiilnllon about iHM. Ifee vlavwhere fur further parliculitra. :\' INKrRMA>, C W , Co Diindaa, Tp Mniinlaln O* li> Manilla on iha O T H Poiiulalliin about (MHI. INSritKII', C W . Co llnfiiril, Tp Kiwi /orra Oo III Mooibliirk ur Prlliciilon, bolh Walioiia on Iha O. W H I\Nli«»'tL C W ATowhihlplnCo >lmi'o«, bU><-lai| by lb* iMilailo, flnirna, ami llurim lliill (noo Tor- Ohio Ilo III l.alroy, hull* >'.»arl, ami I niinillla Miiilonn on Ihitl Una wllbln Iha To«n*hlp I'opula- lion abioil liai INMM\ILI,»:, C W, Co Lanark, Tp llnininmnii. Above IliK town of I'lirib Ilo lo llrurkiilla by ■>. T H , ami Ibaiioa by ll«, I K A Tp III MvKaiilk Ilo lo Horn- ■nut or Klanfolil on Ilia II T II. Population about IM. IONA,C.W,(« riicln.Tp Ibinwli-h. Iloto r.kfrldon II \v. 11 , ami ibi'ni'a Houih. Population about 'Jun. IHKLANll, I . H A Tp In Maganllc. for Poit olHoM and VIManni, ■•• Maple llroya, New Iralwml IIIONHILL, C K,l o Hroina. Ancotl un Iha II. T. H. ap|ti*ari lo bn the naarrat Hlallon ||:)<, O f.. On tha HI Lawrence. Ilo to (Quebec, and thanca hy ttleaniar Caguenay. Population about iliMl. IXI.K AUX IIKCKH,!. K,Co. Lllrt. Ilo lo HI Thomaa, Trrniliiua of the II. T. IL, and thanca by veaaal. Population aboiii ikN). IKLK AC.X NOI.V, C. K., Iberville Co. Ilo by Hirer llli'bHllcii Mleamera. IM.V. JMUH, C. K. On tha CI. LawrrMcc, oppoiilte Montreal. Cut off from main land, iTerri'lioiuie Co.) by tributary from the Ottawa illver ami M Lawrence. (In lo Monlrral. Hre aluo HI. Martin iind Ht. Vincent du Paul, Vlllagea and Poal ulllcua with- in It. IHLK PKHHOT,C. R. On Lower Ottawa, (lo lo Van- dreuil on the II. T. H. IHLK VKHTK, U. K , Oo. Temlacouala. On Houth of Ht. Lawrence, nearl/oppoilte conllurnre of Iha 8a- guenay. (lo to I4uebi>■ r from Montreal, v JOIINVILLK, V. K., Co. ("ompton, Tp Katon. O" to Lcnnoxvllle on the (). T. K. Population about liM). JOKDAN, V. W., Co. Lincoln, Tp. Louth. A Htatlon ontheU. W. It. Population about UUU^., KALADAR, C. W. A tp.ln AHdIngton. Go to Na- panee on the U. T. R, Hee aUo Crown Land*. Z^: ^x* «*< <2 .Cc M oanai»a: crn»us townh, and vii.i.\i»»:it. . Til Klnii mill lliirnii Hull HAMOUMAIHA, R An llMtiml M>ir(M •ml I rii>'l"*ii Ualliml'il HMTllM IhHiih rIimii. ol llm '■1 l,it*r>itiK», lii>i»»i>nUN«tt««M)it ili« iihmiiIi ■( th« INiiiMan tjr. Itii III Ml Tli«»ii-M, Ih* r«rniliiM< •f lli« II f H , M l»liig kli* ti>»r»t lUII iMiliit klMlitll'lll nhuiil 'iitoi KANPiI' U . Ill I'ltrl'inn, Tp MMrlh llmtar. Illll>' 'It Hag I« «M III* iHl4»« Hl«ll»i«)r, lull MVlmt Willi I' '>ii III" II r II l'i'<,>uUtliiii UlllHII 1*111 N*TKi*tlM.»:, 1' W ,t''> MtilillH«i,T|i Ail«U«'l*, im lliti lUm iif IliK Hi«ll»iv> tlnlt'iKliiii III I'lirl ^uriiU. Al iiiratiirl K" ■'> Mn^ iif III M'liliil llryilVM, tl. W. H I' .|lll|.|l|.l|| itlMiilt liVl n»yN »\-\li,i,»;,r w ,t'i.,«iiiit.«,T|i, s.g«i« ?►> MoMmii 1,11 IliM II. T H , Itml lllnlK't' lljr MmIIii HUlll' I'miiiiIiiIIxii itliiiiil Imi. Kririi. I H , I II i.iiiiiiii r|i nnwn i in Itiiiliiti II iir lliitiiKKVllii' nil <> v\ M NKI.m.l.r, I' U , I M llriih l|i llitflnril. Iln In I >'i Ill itiii II ^^ . H. HIMFTVILLf, r M , I'll, ilr>n«IIU. T|i ll«riiril A i. run lii'i'ii'il Willi tlm II. T. 11 •! I'rficull. l*ii|iiiUlliiii »lii>lll ]XM K^NII ^^IIKTII, r W , In WnllliifMli, T|i. Arlliiir Itn In lliii>l|ih nil the II T. R , aiiil thciira lijr iiUgu. KKNMllll^;, r W,ln Una.. II, 1)1 IUh lllliiwit lliilliaiiy, rnnii I'rMcnll iin lln- 11 I' It rnlilllnll llonit hn KI:NNKIt»:i , r W , Cn »rinit>iiii<' A Til i«iljiii'i>iit In Kii'i'lhiiiila mill l inwii I.HIiila fur aitl*, which ai'n^ KKWON, I'. \V . I'll llliiiiii.irv. A T|i. iiorlhwi'*! nf l.niii'ixli'i', In wlili'h Kn Itv It. T. II. KKI'I'KI, P» IiiiIIhii l.iiinla KKIU'I II, r.W.ln l.iitiilil.iii, T|i I'lyriiirlnii. lln In l.nii'l II lliK II. W U., nr Mrutfnnl, Iii-Iiik nil llm I'nrt .■'iinilii Hi'i'll.iii. KKHVMlK.r. W ,l'n HIiiii'iM.Tii Nnrlh (lwlllliiihui',y, lln In llnKirnicI nr llnlllllnl l.iinilltljl, on lllu Hlitltlln, fl Ill- iiliil lliirnll llilllwil,V rrnlil rirnlllil K»:rrl.KIIV >III,IA •' W , in Vm-k. Tji KltiK lln In Ni'Hiii.irkat nil Oiiliirlip, Wiiii'Mi', w.i>, KII.IUIIIII'', I' W., Cn. Iliillnn, Tp. Ilnihlf nr ilHlttme nn Ihu II. \V iiIhiiiI I.%ii. Kll.liAKK, (' K. A I'll. In .Inlli'lt*. nn Nnrlh Hhor* iif ,'1. I.iiwriniie Huu I*!. Miiurlci) llialili'l. Hiipii l.ltlnll lllliilll 'i.'HKI. KILLXUNKY, I'. W. On Nnrtli Hhnri' of l.iikn lliiinii. \n t'i'Kiiliir I'niiiiiiiinli-iitlnn KII.KKNNV, r. K. A Tp. In Mniili'iiliii, nn N'rth Minrt- iif HI. I.uwrvlii'i'. lrl<'t. I'npiiliilinn iilmiit HIHI. KII.MAItNOI.'K, r. W., I'll. I.iiiiiirk 'I'p MhiiIiiuuh, mill Itlili'iiii Ciiiiul. (Ill to Hinltli'a rulU riniii Hunk villi' nil II T. It. KIl.i'YTIi. r W., Cn. (Irry, Tp, Hil li.v llntiii'ln Hlint'iir, iiml lliiriiii KiiIIhiv frniii Tiiroiitn, ami llienc« liy Htvitiiii>r In llwiii a Hnlltlil KII.Wtf.TII, C. W., <'o. MlililUaex, Tp. IMitwiirf. (In !,• Knninkii nn the II. W. II. KIMIIIIN, «' W., Co. I'lirleton, Tp. rilirny. Pnpu |iitl,ni uliniit Ml. KINCARDINE,!'. W. A Tp. In llrii>'i>. A Mnnrv llnl'T IMIlru, (fnriiierly IVni'tiinKnre,) frniiliiiu l.iiki- lliinin. (in In (liii'Ipli, iinil tliviii'i* iiiiikc fnr l^iui- iti'i'n. Iliii,||ili U nn (I. T. K. KIMI, r. U. A Tp. In Vnrk. Ill) In KInK OD Ontarin, fliiii'ni', mill lliirnn Hull finiii Tnrnntn. K'MI^KV, ('. y.. A Tp. Ill Dnininuinil Co. lln In lllllullli'nnll.T. It. fl'Cllnli. KINdl'KV KAIJ.H. A I'liat nfflce In Klnxiiey, wlilili a**!.'. KINGSTON, r. W. A (,'lly, the CiiiiUbI nf Krnnti'niic. (in In Kliic^lnn liy (I. 'I. II., nr iiy HIi-nint'i-H frniii Mniilri'iil, lliinilltnii, Tnrniiln, iiiiil lliiy nf (Jiilnli', iiiiil Itlili'iiii I'miiil; ulan frnin (.'tipe Vlnovnt nil I'nlU'il ;ll R|NI,lt!». (■ W In Urn.* A Til •kfiMl m mOm linilh „^ l|,i.|.i(.'h Iin 1,1 l>lr«irnr,| ••■ Kliik'ir*. Hi>*iAI,r, I *» Ci» lliiiurl., rp t'l. k-ilii« 11,1 W Hnri liilnn nf rrtiiKhinwira llity nil II r H KINfAIL, < * . In lliirnii, Tli. Aahilvll t'r-nllnf I.Aka lliimii ilii In Hipairnnl, m I arnm !••• kin* k'lr* l'n|nilitMnll hImiiiI .ttl NII'fKS, C Mr. ,1,1 Miimii. Tp Tni-kapaniDli. lint* • iniirnl'l hy 11 r M , II,, I't I^Mlaili ll ''litMu klllKTllN, l' W Cn llni.n, I,, I .linilia Na*r Mlitiiehitril, Ml ^Itfy'a. ii,i l,i fflrwlfunl nn II I' H, KIIIKtVAI.I., I' U,io H.iiiw.iilh, rp llatirlay. • in In MiiPrUliiiii( nil lh> II W ll I'npiiUllna III I 7ii KII'I.I.Y.C W A Tp III Laiit. mi'lliraiivlllH tf«f l-iKl nmeaa i«niln. alrt. KLI>»III nil, I M , C,i Vi,rk,Tp \4iivli,iii. Imln llli'lini,iii,| lllll nil Ilia Oiiliirln, alnirnv, mill lliirna Hull rrniii Turiiiilii. I'lii iiUilnii «liiiul ilnii KMilMLTON, I K , I'll llriMiia iln In Cnniplnti nn II T II , Mniilraiil mill I'lirlUint Maelinn m iivuraat mill, III, hill Iha ilt'Ulii'a la i'niiahlar,|lil|r ai4ak nf llnniiv. I'npiil.illnii uliniil Hai, KMini.TON fALLM. A I'ual ulllia In lul iiianllnnail Til, KIlMitKA, ('. W.,Cn. Mlhllaaat, Tp l.nlin. Ilnli on Ihu (I. W, K. I'ttpilUllilii AhuUl ilkk A Mlif I. LA KAIR, r. R. A Tp. In Vmniiakii, nn Hoiilh Mhnrt of Litka Ml. I'alar, (HI LitwianeM,) iitntr ennlliienia iif Hie llUer Ml rr,iii<'l< wllh Ml Liiwreiiie, wlili'li lliiwa finni lllrhninnil, iha illvrriilhK pnlnl ii( Ilia (I, r. 11 In Ijiiiln'i', «it>l, itiiil ^rnilri'iil, Waal, frmii l*nllliinil III IIh antilli. Iin hy MIewinai-a hetwiull Mniilri'iil mill ijiialiae. I'npnliiilnii uImhii fMHi. LA II»:AI i »:, C »:, Tp fl Mmie, i,i llrume. lln lllvvr I hitllillere. Iin In lleinlH'nili' nn Hie II T II. L'ACAUIK, I'. R. AbUlrlelliiMI Jnhn'a, nn KMitl Ian HIver ; alan, II Mlmlnll lA nillea frnni Mnlilreill nil ■ he Chiiiiiplitln mill Ml, Liitniiee llitllwny LACHINt, C r.., C.I .)„,,, lea ( iiiller. The llrat Mliillnii li.\ Mnlilreill mill l'liili:, C. »:., I n Terreliniiiie. (In North Mhiire nf ."^l. Liiwreiiee, niip,i«lie lale nf Jeaiia. Mvu ^IniirU'e |ll>tr|i't lln lir .M,iiilri III. LAI "iNTAIVt:, C. W., I'll Hliiiene, Tp. Tiny, nn eii«i I, mat nf Nnlliiwiianiiit llit.v, iinrlh nf lUrrle, In whli h M'l li.v (liiliirin, Hliiiene, nnil lliirnii II illwiiy, iiinl llii'iii'e In \Milte I'niiiera fnr I'eiielmiKnUlieiie llninl. I. A (il Kllltl':. C. K., Cn. lliinlliiKii, Tp. (inilmmi- ihe«ter. lln Mniilli f'hnre nf Ml. Liiwrvnee, oppimllv Inleiiii Liiiiclliittiiii Iha II. T. H. LAKKKIKI.I), C. W., Cn ArKeiilaiill. Ilnok Townahip rr,iiii eiiat ahnru of Lower Oltiiwn Itlver, (io In Mnlilreill. LAKMIDK, ('. W,,('n. Oxfiinl, Tp. |i:ftat NUaniirl, (Io In KiliviirilahiirK on the II. \V. It. L'AMAItDlX, C. \V„ I'll. Vnrk, Tp. Vnrk. Tornnln Cll.v l,< the iiiiial enliveiilent lliillwiiy I'nint fnr Keil' eral Iriivi'llera. LAMIIKTII, C. \V., Cn, Mhlillea,*, Tp. Weatlolliater. li,, 1,1 Lmnlnii, nn (i. \V. It l',>piiliil|,iii aliniit 'J.'iil. LAMHI'llN, C. K , Cn. Ihiiiiee. Mlliiiiteil KreHtly eii>,t nf ()iiehee mill Itli'hmmiil Meellnn nf (I. T. It. Wnr- «li'k mill lliiiivllle limy he naiiieil lu neureat Mta- ttniia. I'lipiiliillnii iihniil 'oil. LANARK, <\ \V. A Tp. In Cn. Lnniirk. Nnrth nf I'erlh, In whieh K" hv llrnikvlll,' Hinge frniii the (I. T. It., .Miintreiil miil Tnriiiiln Meitlnn. Ilmekvlllu mill Arnprhir Kxleiialnii will ennie within a few miles nf Ihia Tp. I'npllllllInn Illmilt :l."ill. LANCASTKIt, ( . W. A Tp. In Cn. (IKiiniiry, unci a Mtiitinn nn the (t. T. It., .Mnntreiil miil Toroiilo Mec- tlnii. 14 inllen euHt nf Cnriiwiill, miil .M west of Mniitrenl. I'npiilathin ahmit iCiii. LAMIItAIK, C. K. In llerlhliT,nn Nnrth Hhnre nf Hi. Lawrence. Hcu Mt. Muiirlce Ulatriet. I'opulutlnii about 'J4UU. CANADA: CITIM, tuWXM, ANI» VII.I.AiiKii. i.n Niirlh- itllirr* riiilil Tiirniilo lint fnr K>'ii' illliiri' nf ft. I'upululliill |.A«li|i|MtWNR, I' Mr A T|) In I'-i t.»' It r H. I''<|»iI>«i|hii itlioiit l<«i kK f»:rirK NMIKHH, r M.M rr»ii.l«ih.irl«*'i|<, »|i|iiia|lu lilu •!<• t'liHilmi, iin hxrih Hlmr* of »• |,»»ri'li<« livluw Ijii. >!• r, t'l whl>h gii, Uli>l lfi>'lh>' l>» (•li'iiiin'r KugiK "111 rii(>;nMH(>:, r » I" ^ i|ii.r.ll|.'. A ciiiIhi M>i"ir> >l Mi'l I'loilaliiirn Hxll, ilii iiill>4 rr.iii M"ii ir> il LAI^NAIIIII, I' M iiiif<"iill>|ih"r.'"ri<) l»»r«ii..>, ii|i|iii«H*< \l"iitri'ia rrniii M"iilr>Ar\riiis, r »: Imm ii).i.ihit.>t iini.i HI Itt.i. I"ih. , I" III* 11 T H , IKI hill» rroiii Mlr>'>il I'll), ■ml lli'iH'o liy liiiiiiuvr nr TrAilor. I'i>|iiilitil>>ii ■tboiil mmil LA r»:HIII»:iir, v. K in riil.<"iiilml. .in III.' Hugiii- liiiv lllvir, II. I I.I I III. .iiilliiil rrmii l^iiulm l.y |liitf.|.>nii) |l|«iuiiirr l,AT'r.l'll Mll.M, r W, l-.i lliwllnr, Tp Th>irl..|iil l,i'\l, ..ii ■".■It.. ({ii.'Im'.', .Ill lliii II. t. II., itli.l rri.aa lliu HI. I.itwii'hi'.. I.AV M.TKIK.r. K. Ill ll»rllil»r. On N.irltiHhiiionr CI l.nnr. n.'i', l..'l»<'i.|i M.ililri'iil itn.l Tliri". Illtura II" I" \|i.iilr.';il .ir ijiiir, uii.l llii.iu'ii l>y lllt*iiiiii>r. l.AI/iiN.l' »: )'•"< N.w l.lviri I, HI ll.iirl, iiii.l l'"llll l.i'vl VIII.IK. a mill I'lial . .111.1 a lliiT.lll ula.l, M .l.'itii rlina.iai.iiti iin.l HI l.iiMiliMrt l.'AVKMM, r K.l" llniiiiiii'iii.l, I'll. Iliirliiim, ll.> t" Ihirhiin, .III lli<< II T. II. I.AHIIKM »:\ll,l.r, r. r.., I'o. miolflinl, Tp. MmUh Klv H>'.' I.'\\<'iilr, r.ir Kiillwitt Hliill.ni. I.K\K>>|)VI.K, r U , (.1 iiiii.itli., I'll H.ntl. N.I ii.'iir lliillivii> II" I" ll"lliiii.l 1,1111. lliiK, "II lliiliirl.i, Hliii , Nil. I lliinih lliillwity rr.iiii r.iriiiil.i. I'<>|iu I Itl.lll nil.. Ill li">. I.|;\MIMH'IIN, I W ,r.. K«ai.ii Tp M.ra.u. Il.i l.i llillillalr rri'.k. .Ill II. \\. II. i'"|llllllll.ill llll.illl ;ii. l,^;i>ini.\NV,l'. K HiM'Hl HiilpU'Knli.ll/Aaaiiiiiiill.iii. I.KUKNH, r. \V.,l'.i liny, Tp HI Vlii.i'iil, lln In r..|lliiKW"".l l.t ilii! Dntiiil", HIiiK'iiv, mill lliir.in Hull ri'..iii T..r"iil". LKKDH, (\V...l,) I', W. A Tp. Ill ("ii. Lfi'iU. K.ir r"at.iilili'.'a, Tiiwiia, di'., ■•'u lliiimniiipii', Xi't'ly'a ll.iy I.K^:!)!*, (Kiial,) ('. r. A Tp. In M.'vunll.v llo In H.ini.'ra.'l, .in llii> II. T. II. I'.ipiiliill.ni iilimit lim. I,l<: KIMLllN, I' W , III. I'ri'ai'.itt, Tp. Iliiwk. aliiiry. On H'liilli .xli.ir.' ..f l..iWHr IHIiiwii, II. i t.i .Mniilnul, iiii'l lliii Iiy Hl.iiiiii'r, I.KI'ltllY, r. W., I'll, Hill c, Tn. tiiiil«l\l. A Hliill.ni "11 till. Iliiliirln, .>'Imii , mxl lluMii llitllway. I'.ip- iiliill.in iiliiiiit 'ill I.KII'II, r «'., r... Ilr.\v, Tp. Hy.l.'nhiun. (In tn ll».'ii Hi.iin.l i>y Hl.'iii... r, rr..in ('"lllii)(W.m.l,>ili llii- tiii'i", .''Imii'.ii', iiikI lliinin Hull rniin 'r.irinil.i. Pup- iilult.iii iitii.iit 7ii, I.KMDNVII.I.K, r. W., r.i. V.irk, T|i. Whlli'liiinli. 11" I" Aiiriirii i.r Nruniurkit, nii iIk' Onliirl.., Hlin- I'."', mill llui'iin Hull rrnin 't'.ir.inl.i. P.ipiilull.ni iiIm.iiI 'Jiin. I,K.NN"X, r. W., ('.I. Li'iiimx, Tp. KriMliTJekilmrK. (Ill I" Niipiini'v, "II II T. It. LENNOXVILLE, I' K. A'r.iwn ..r Sli<'rlii'""k<' IIU. til.t. A !'l:itl..ii..ii(l. T. It , Wiiilli'a rr.iiii M..iitrt'iil. I'li|lllllltl"ll Itlillllt 'J.'lO. I,KH Kllun.KMKNX, C. K , In riiiirl.'V.ilx. (>n N'irlli f. r. W., I'll, hiirh.ini, I'p. I'liirkv. (in t.i Niui'iitili', iin II. T. It., ID iiillin friiiii T.ir.nit.i. I'.iplllllllilll lllllMit 'J.'iO. I.IKh'Oltll, r. \V., I'll. Diirliiiin, Tp. Miiiivvra. ll'i t.i Ni'ivi'imtli.' UH fur Lvnkurd, wlilcli auv. kINOtAV.i lllliliia I.r III W . I ,1 »|.l..rU, T|i "|« Th« Ttf- fi.piU.illu* l'..rl II. .Ill •ml l.iii.lait HilUiir ha. la.l »lltl III* It, r H. m hlft lliip* A Tp In r..iiipi Oil ii. r.iii.pi.iM, tirli. r|i \:tk r.r I'lLki I H Oil 1.1 r.i> •ii.iiti I lim, IIMlWH H, I' M 'im<», a. I II. .Mill iii-i>>Morr, I' w I r..nl.i I.IHAItr.l., r W r.i Murnn. tp ll.iol.li Ilii In Mr»ir..r.| .1.11.1 il r Hiilf«l.i tii.l l.i«lii> llHr.iM mill II T H I'.ipiiltil II mIi.iiiI All I.IHIMIM, r \« , 111 l-irlli, Tp Nurlh r.italliiipa ll.t I.I Hir.tir.ir.l M riir l,l<...U I, whivk aav li'lHI.Kt, I K An »:|.<'li.ritl lllalrli I kikI r..»n ..n Hi.iilli Hli.iif* III PI. |,it»r«ni'a. « fnw lUlUa a.ial ..rili, Tp Klmn (in •• Hirmr.ir.l Jumtliiii uf lliiltiil.! mul l,«k> lliirini miil II T H i.niiriii.ii, IV r a Tp in i>..iiiu>< r.i "n ^..nii Hl^.n. "f I pp»r Oll.ittit , flit ruiilv, arc Aylimr tiial, l.irTI.»; IIHlr\IN,r » t.. Vl.lnrlu.Tp M.irli...a«, Ii I.lii.laiiy 1.) Ilriiii. h HnlUnr fr'nn I'.nl II. .pn, nil Ihi. II. T II l'"p.i|iill"ii llll.illl liHI i.iiri.r iiiii»:ai , r w , in Pr i. Tp iimtk**. I..ir) li.» M.iiilri III iiii.l IHIiiwit Hli'iiiiiari. I'upiiliv III. II .ili.iiil Viki l,l,ilVI>rilWM, r W , I'll Vi.rk, Tp KI'iK ll.i In Klnn .ir Niwiiiiirki'l, .hi Hi" iliiUrln, Hliin .iv, itn.l lliiriii HilUiiy rrmii r.ir.iiil.i. I.olio, I' W , I'll Mlil.llva..*, A Tp. In whi. Ii la Ko- k.k HUtl.in, nil lliu II. >V. It l.or|IAM>:H, IV >:, I'll, oiuwit A Tp. rriinlliiK lh» N..rlli Hlii.rii nf Olliiwii Iin liy HIiniiiKra littwunn Oliiiwit i;|iy Itn.l Miinlrvul. l.orlltK.li. r W , 1.1 l.liiiKury. A Tp. Nnrlh iif l.iini'iiai.r, .III iliu ..! "f 'r..r..nlii »'.ir \li'» nl l,.ii). fur (liii'l.i..'Uiiil I'.irllmi.l.'iinll.afr.iin I 'II v, l.i I"' iiiilliil liy Vli. I.'OHKIINAI,, IV \V,,rii. I'ria.iitl, Tp. Alfriil. Aanlie Tiiwn. On HiMilli Hlii.re nf Olliiuii. (i.i l.y OltiiWH mi. I \|"iili'i')il ^'ti-iinirr:.. I*"piiliitt"ii iilimit 7l. I.cimIx, T|>. KII/uWi-tlitKwn. A 8tn- tloii and .Miiiii'.v 'trilcr Olllti', on tliu <1, T. It., iit'iir llruck villi', 4 iiiIKa wot iif llrnekvlllu. I'npulutliiu aliiiiit liMi. LY.NDKN, ('. \V., Co. Weiitworlli, Tp. Ilcvirli'v. A million on tho (I. W. It., HI iiiIIlm wi'mI vl llunilllon I ll.v. I'opniiillon iilioiit itAil. I.YMlliritH'l', ('. U'., Co. I.<'i'ilii. In l.iuniilowni.'. In wliU'li Toivniililp Is KitiiMilownu t'tution, on IlieU. T. It. l'o|Milutloii Hhont 70, lANKIIUCII, ('. H., ( o. Noifc.lk, Tp. Cluiilnlti'vllli'. do to Hlniuoo, tlienei! Ii.v ifUma to llrantford or I'arls, on lliu lliill'iilo anil Lake Huron ; tin' liittrr In tilt' Junction I'oliit of that anil (Inat Wi'Murn Ituil- wavH anil (lalt hrancli. I'opulatinn alioiit \M, LV(>.\S, C. \V., Co. Kigin, Tp. Soiitli Dorilifutcl'. Oo tu Ingvraull ur KilwuriUburK, on U. W. 11. M M'DONALD'8 COIlNKltS, C. W., Co. Lanark, Tp. Dal- lioUKk'. (Ill to llrockvllli' liy (1. T. It., tliunce by Stum' to I'lrth. 'JO tulles friiiu IVrtli. M'tlll.MVIlAY, 0. W. A Tp. In Huron Co., wlilili tlie I'orl Harula Italhviiy fioni i^lratforil or 8t. Mary'u will liUcut. do to .Stratfonl Junction of tliu llnlViilfl anil l.aku Huron anil d. T. Kallwayit. M'NAH, C. \V. A Tp. In Jtcnfrcw Co. For I'oat- olIlccK, see Arnprlor anil llurnstown. MACVIM.K, C. VV., Co. I'eel, Tp. Allilon. Oo to llrani]ilon ur JIaltun, on the d, T. It. I'opulatinn about .^0, M ACIIICIIK, 0. K. On the SI. Maurice I)lstrl>.t. See Yauiuclilclie. MADDC, I'. W., Co. Hnntlnffs, Tp. Mmloc. do to ItelU'VlUe by the d. T. It., .Montreal anil Toronto Section, and tlienru by Daily Stage. .Madoc Is the nearest Town to the Free Urant Setlleineiit on the UasllngH Ituad. MAI) ItlVKll .MILLS, C. W., Co. drey, Tp. Osprey. do to Nottawanagii or Sunnlilale, both un the On- tario, SI N, C, W,, Co, Elgin, To. Yarmouth. On London and Port Stanley llrancii frum Lundun un d. W. It. MAItA, C. W., Co. Onlnrin. A Tp. usually collided with Kama as liidliin Territory, det to Orllllu ^froin lla'Tle by Ontario, r^liiicue, and Huron IluMway), and thence by Stage direct. See Orllllu. MAIIIILETON, C. E., ( 11. Wolfe, Tp. Dudswell. do to Sherbrooke on Uie d. T. It. MAItlPOSA, C, W, A Tp, in Co, Victoria, For Post- olllces, route, etc, see Little Ihitain, Manillu, und Oakw I, .MAItCIl, C, W, A Tp. in Co. Carleton, fronting South Shore of Itlver Ottawa, opjiuslte Aylmer East, which see. Popiilalion about .'lO. MARKHAM, C. W., Co York. Oo by StoulTvlllc Dally Stage from Toronto, or by d. T. It. fr. in Scar- borough, and thehce by Stage. Populatluu about loilO. MAItLllOltOlTdll, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Carlton. See llurrltt's Itapids und .Malakulf fur Pust-utlloes and route. MAItLOW, C. E. A Tp. In lleauce at the very extreme of the province on the confines of the State of Alaine at the head of lilver ( haudlere, which Hows in a direct line lo the St. Lawrence, (haudlere Junction and Chainllere on the d. T. It. (Quebec and Itichmond may be named as Stations, but are about 0:! miles distiint. M AKMOIIA, C. W., lo. Ilastinga. A Tp. In which are tlie Iron Works, north of llelleville, tii nliich go by d. T. It. Population about loo, .MAltSIIVII.LE, C. W„ ( o, Welland, Tp, Wainllcct, in which U u Station of the liull'alo and Luke Huron Itall. MAltTINTdWN, C. W., Co. dlengary, Tp. Charlotten- burg, in whicli is Summerstown on the d. T. It,, 8 miles east of Cornwall, ami Do frum Montreal. MAUTINVILLE,C.E,, Co, Clonipt T|), Clifton. Oo to I'oinplon on the d, T, It, Popiilalion about 15, MAItVSHCItt!, C, W. A Tp, in Prince Edward (.o. For Villages, Towns, and PostoDlces, see Pictun, Itongard's Corners, and Port .Mllfurd, MAItVSVILl.E, C, W., Co, Hastings, Tp. Tyendlnaga, in which is a Station of the d. T. It. I'ojiulatiun about too. MAItYIiOltO, C. W. A Tp. in Wellington Co. See Huston. MASCOUCHE, C, E, A Tp, in L'.Vssnmiillon, on North Shore of St. Lawrence, just below Montreal, to wl.lcli go. MASKINONdE. A Posloflice Village, and also name of Electoral District on North Sho.c of SI. Lawrence in St. Maurice District, situate about 'ill miles west of Three Uivers. Pi'iiulation alicmt 4IM'0. MA.^SAWII'I'I, C. E., ( o. Stunstead, Tp. West Ilatlcy. do to Couiptou on the d. T. It. Population about 200. .MATANE, C. E. A Tp. in Rimouskl, on '^'outh ,"hore of St. Lawrence, fronting the liiver lielow Ihe uioulh of tlic Sagiienay, reached by vessels from (Juebee. Poimlalion about, l.")!!!!. MATILDA, C. W. A Tj). in Dundiis I'o. and Stalioi. of the same name on the (I. T. It., miles east of Preseott Junction, and 104 from Montreal. M.VTTAW.\, on a liiver which runs into the Ottawa about 00 miles above Pembroke, near Lake Nipis- sing. Pembroke is reached by L'pper Ottawa ■ii. I'lipiiliitliin alxiiit 4l)ii. Mi'iDOM'l':, ('. W. A 'i'|>. Ii> Miiicuv, liulwui'ii Oi'lllln unci ('(ililiviitei'. till li.v <'iilil»ut('i' I'liiKu fniiii DHI- llii, wliali 1.1 I't'iivliL'il liy (liitarlii, ,o|iiii'<»', iiiiil lliirdli lliillwiiy frciiii liiiiirilii, llnllu Kwiirt, mid tlieiiuo liy .'•iiMiiiir. Ill uiiitcr. n» liy Stnue riiiiii llitri'it) tu lliil'ilil, wlilcli Hit", nut' iiNii CiildwitliT. .MKIiA.Ni Tlltl.N', »;. VV. A T|i. Ill I'o. Ilrty. tlo to liiiKirord, mill liy iiiiid, wvhI, tu .Mniin, IT Oiitiirlii, ^lllll'|lt!. mill llmoii Uiiilwiiy Ih um'd, ur by Htugu to Miiiiii t'roiii .Mitliuii (III tliu li. T. It. MELBOURNE, < . K. A Tp. In Itkhiiinnd, with Miiiii'V tirdei' (IMIi'V. tlo tu llU'lnuund uil It. T. K. I'lipiiiutliiii iiliiitit '.Viil. MIOI.KO.-iK, I'. W. A villiiKi' In Ty«iiilliiitK», IIiihIIiikk I'll. TyiMiiliiiiiKii Is 11 .Hutloii un ti. T. It., Ut iiilluK fniiii llulluvlllu III! II. r. It. I'upiihiliiiii iibuiit Til. MIXVILLK, C. \V. A VllliiKuliillllllt'iTp.,t'u. I'rInce Kilward. tlo tu Truiilnn on tlic II. T. It. MERRICKVILUE, C. W., ( u. (irt'iivllle, Tp. Wulfurd. (Ill III .Miiitlikiiil or llrui'kvillu on 11. T. It., or to KiMiiplvllli.', (Ill tllluAii mill I'reiicott llrHDuli, from I'i'i'si'iilt .liiiu'lion. MKHIlll'fiVll.M':, ('. W., t'ci. Wellanil, Tp. t'lowlmia. (iu tu t'liippi'ivii un llif Kile mid Uiiluilu Uuilwiiy. I'cipiilittlun iilMiiit Mill. MKK^KA, 0. W. A T|i. in Kkcx Co. tio to ('liutlmm un lliL- li. \V. It. JIKIll'O.N, t'. \V., Oil. llaltun, Tp. Nulnon. tio to Wel- lliigtun Siiiimv, (In siiinu Tuwniililp,) un the li. W. U. I'lipiiliitluii itliiiiii III I. MKrCALF, C. Vi. A Tp. in Mldillcmx ("u. For I'ost- (illk'e, elu., see Niipler. I'opnliiliun iilioiil 'J.'iil. MKIIS, ('. K. A Tp. in llliiionski, on .''uuth flinre of ."i l.iiwiciice, on llii.' prujieleil <'.\tvniiiun of tiniiid Tiniik III Nuvii t^ciiiiii. (io by vesiiel from (Juehee. I'upulalliiii about llllO. MKYI':il,>lll'lt(i, Oil. .Nnrlliniiibuiliind, Tp. fSeyinour. (Ill pi'uJi'Oted I'Xti'ii.sliin fi'iiiii llelleville, tu wiiiuli go liv (I. T. It. I'lipiibiliun aliuiit l.'iil. MlJ>lll.KI'OltT, ('. W., U a Slatluii un the IIuIThIu and liiike lliii'iin llailwiiy, bulneen C'ali'ilnnlaaiid Diion- dii).'a, (I'lKit-iillice, TiiKoarurii,) 111 nillud suuth uf llniiitrord, and l.i of I'arln Junctiun. Population aliiiiit lull. MIDIiLKVIM/K, ('. \V., t'li. Lanark, Tp. Lanark. Go tu IVrth fruni llruckville liy fta(;e fniin tl. T. It. Mll.KOitl), ('. W., I'o. I'riiioe KilwanI, T|i. .Marysbuift, un Hay uf ({iiinle. (iu tu Ik'llevillu fruin llie west, and Klii),'4tuii fi'uni the east by steamer Hay uf (jiiiiile. Ilulli llelleville and King.stun are fiai|(iii on llic lliill'iilo itiid I.aki' Huron, with I'ont-olllcc wlllilii tli« Townnlilp, MOUNTAIN, ('. W. A Tp. In Duiiilas Co. CUi tu Mu- tildii, on till' (I. T. It. MOUNT AIJtlON, t '. W., t'o. Wtntworth, Tp. Barton. ", Mo|iulailoii iiboiit .'idii. MOUNT ST. LdUIH, ('. Vt., Co. Pliucoo. A newPosl- onU't'. MOUNT m: I'ATItlUK, C. H'., Co. Renfrew, Tp. llroiiKliiiiii. See Free (Irant l.amls. MOUNT VKItNON, C. \V., Uo. Ilrant, Tp. Ilranlford. (io to llnintlord, on the Ilulfalo and iiiike Huron Itiillnav. i'opulatloii about 'J(II). MUI,.MIU C. W. A T|). In Co. Slinene. Oo to liar- He Sliitlon, on the Ontario, flmi'ne, and Huron Itailway from Toronto. MUNCKY, U. W., Co. Ml(ldli". N NANTICOKK, C. W'., Co. Ilaldimanil, Tp. ^Valpole. do to Calii»vllle, on the lluiralo and Lake Huron Itailway. NAPANEE, C. W., Co. Lennox, Tp. Ulchmond. A Telegraph Station ami Money Order OHlee, on the d. T. It., 'Mi mllea west of Kingston. See preceding pages for further Informatlim. NASSAdAWKYA, C. W. A Tp. in Ualton Co. Oo to Uoekwood, on the d. T. I!., Toronto iiiiil Stratford Sectliui, or to Wellington Sijuare, on thi' d. \V. It. NKLSON, C. W. A Tp. In llalti>ii Co., In wbieh Is ^Vellington Square, a Statlun on the (I. \V. It. Pop- ulation about Ml. NKPKAN, C. W. A Tp. In Carleton Co. For Post- ntllees and Villages, see Uell'-s Corners, Long Island lioeks, ete. NK\V AIlKltDKKN, 0. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Water- loo, do to Berlin, on the (1. T. It. Population about 2011. NKWAHK, C. W., Co. O.vford, Tp. Norwich. (Jo to Woodstock or Princeton, on the tt. W. It. NKW ItLISS, C. W., Co. Leeds and drenvllle, Tp. Kitley. do to llrockvllle, on the d. T. It. NEWBORO, C. W., Co. Leeils, Tp. North Crosb.v. A Money Order Olliee on the Itideau. do to Klnjrs- ton, and thence by .''teamers or the Itiikau (final. or to danano'iue. Itotli Kint,'ston and dananoiiiii' are Stations on the (i. T. It. NEWBURG, C. W., Co. Addington, Tp. Camden Kast. (io to Najianec, on the Ir. T. It. See preced- ing pages. Population ab.nit Will. NKWltUltY, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Mosa. A Station on the U. W. It. ! NKW CAItLISLK, C. K. On South of flnupe, fronting the Hay of Chaleiirs, In Cox Tp. Kri'i|Uent traders from (Juebee. Popiilallon about .'lOd. NKW CAItLISLK, C. K. A Tp. In SI. Maurice Terri- tory. Not a Pimt-otllee. See SI, Maurice Tirrllory, NEWCASTLE, C. W., Co. Durham, Tp. < larke. A Station on the 0. T. It. See preceding pagen. NKW CltKMOUK, C. W. See Nottawas.iga, of which Tp. New Cremore U a Post-olUce. NKW DUNDKK, (!. W,, Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wllinol, In which Townslilii Is Ihe PeierKburg Station nf Hie d, T. It., Toronto anil Stratford Section. Population about LMI. NKW DUItllAM, C. W., Co. Drant, Tp. Harford. Oo to Princeton, on th(! (I. W. It. Population about 1'.% NKW KDINdHUIIdll, Co. Ciirletou, Tp. dlonccHler. A Village or Suburb to Ottawa, C. W. On the Prescott anil Ottawa Itallroad, of which It Is tho Terminus. Popidallon about .'mil. NKW (ILASOOW, C. K. North of Me Jesu.i, opposite Montreal, to which go, either by Steamer ficuu lig- densburg or Kingston, or by the (1. T. It. Popula- tion about IKilll. NKW dl.ASdOW, (,. W., Co. KIgIn, Tp. Aldeboroiigh. Krom Morpeth l.'i, London 8,'i, ( liulham HI miles. NKW IIAMHUHd, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wllmot, In which Township Is Petersburg Station of the O. T. H. Popidallon about llllll. NKW HOPK, C. W, Co. Waterloo, Tp. North Waterloo, do loduell|)liorHerlln,ond. T. It. ; also to (Inlt ami Preston for Jiinclion Itallwav. Population about Tilii, NKW lltKLAND, C. K. In Megantle. do to Artlm- baska, on the d. T. It. Population about '.'on. NKW LAND, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Kast dwillliiibur.v, In which is the nolhiiid Lauding Stallon on Ihe On- tario, Simene, and Huron Itallwav from Toronto. NKW LIVKItPOOL, C. K. In Levi Dislrlcl, Tp'. Law- zoii. do to Point Levi (opposite Hui'bei'), Ihe Ter- mimis of the d. T. It. Population about IMHI. NEWMARKET, C. W., ( o. York, Tp. Whilcliurch. A Station on Ihe (hitarlo, Slmcoe, and Huron Itall- wav from Toronto. NKWPOllT, C. K. A Tp. In Complon. do t.i Comp- ton Station, on the d. T. It., Montreal and I'oi'llanil Section. For Post-ollice, see and address Sawyer- vllle. NKWPOItT, C. W., Co. Hrant, Tp. llraptford. In which is Ihe .Main Station of Brantford, on llie Uuf- f.'ilo and Lake Huron Itall. NKW ItHIIMONI), C. K. A Tp. in Ilonaventurc, South liaspc, fronting the Day of Ciialeurs. Tra- ders from t^iebec. NKWItY, C. U.. Co. Durham, Tp. Manvers. Oo to Newcastle, cm llie d. T. It. NKW SAItU.M, C. W., Co. KigIn, Tp. Yarmouth. In which is the Yarmouth Station of the London and Port Stanley Itailway, wbieh connects nilli the d. W, It. at l.iMidon. Populallon about M. NKW.^TADT, C. W., Co. drey, Tp. Normanby. do to (iiielph, on the d. T. It, and llienee by Owen Sound Stage. NKW lOWN ItOHINSON, ('. W. A Village with Poat- ollice, in Co. Simcoe, Tp. Teeumselh. do to Brad- ford or Newmarket, on the (bilarlo, Slmcoe, and Huron Itall from Toronto. Popuhillon about lllo. NIAGARA, C. W., Co. I.lncohi. Separated by the Niaf:,ira |{i\er from Ihe Slate of New York, do by Steamers from Toronto, or d. W. It. via llaioillon. NICOLET, C. K. A Town in District of Nicolet, skirling Ihe Soulli Sliore of tlie ,^t. Lawrence, nearly opposlle Tlu'ee Itivers, to wliicli go by Montreiii and IJiiebee Steaii;"rs. The nearest Slalirui appears to )»• Arlhabaska, <■:' the (i. T. It., (Juebee and llicli- moml Section. Po|..;!;iiion about loot). NICIIOL, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Wellington. For Post- olliees and Villages, see llarnet and Cumnock. NILKSTOWN, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tji. Ilorchester, North, do to Kdwardsburg, on Ihe d. W. It. NISSOIIIII, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Nissoiiri West. Situated on the .Innelion of the d. W. II., between Lnmlon and St. .Mary, Ili.'iiishard. do to London 1)V tlic Ii. W. It. Nri'MHUltd, C. W., Co. I'erlli, Tp. North Kaslhope. do to Shakesjiere as the nearest, but to Stratford .Innelion as the mo.-^t convenient Slalion, both on Hied. T. II. NOIILKI'ON, C. W., Co. York, Tp. King. In wldcli Is King Slalion of Ontario, tjimcoe, and Huron Itall from Toronto. CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGKH. 68 NOKIIAM, C. W'., Co. Nnrlhiimberland, Tp. Perry. (Ill ti> Ik'lU'vllli', on Ihi.' (t. T. It., or to llrlKlitoii, on till' Kiiiiii' Itallwu.v Hi'ctlon. NUHMA.MIY, V. W. A Tp. In (Iri'.v Co. On tliB Oui'Ipli unit SiiiiKt'i'n lloinl. do to (luilpli un tliu (1. T. K., iind tlifiii'i! hy Stiitfi'. N(llt.\IANI>AI,K, C. W., Co, .\orfolk, Tp. Clmrlntti'- vllle. Un the Hhoro of l.iikf Krh', Co to I'lirln or llnintforil, tliencu Hluge to Mnicuu, and on l>y hired cnnvL'VUni'i*. NOlt.M.VNTdN, 0. W., Co. Briico, Tp. 8iiUReen. do to OiK'Iph.and thence by !y HtaKe, or to llnidford i^lathin, on tlie Untarln, f'liiicoe, and Hu- ron Uallwiiy from Toronto. NDIITll AKTIIIIK. 8ee Kenllworth. NOKTII AUUU8TA, C. W., Co. Urenvine, Tp. Angus- ta. llo to I'rescott, on the d. T. K., .Montreal and Toronto Seelion, which Is In the same To\vnslil|i, and also Jnnctinn of Ottawa Kail. I'nimlatlon alioiit 'Jsil. NOKTII CUOHItY, U. W. A Tp. In Co. Leeds. For Po.st-olhce, Town, etc., see Newttoro'. NOKTII l)OCKO,C. W., Co. I'eterhorough, Tp. Donro. do to I'eterhoro', the TernilniiH of tlie Junction Kallwav from Cobouri;, on the d. T. K. NOKTII KLDON, C. W., Co. Victoria, Tp. Kldon. do to Lindsay from I'ort Hope, on the U. T. K.,by Port Hope and Linilsay Kallway. NOK'I'll IOLM.-«LKY. A Tp. in Lanark, In whicli h t^mitli's Falls, wlilcli see for Postolllce, route, etc. NOKTII KLY, C. K., Co. !. Soplilas- burg. A I'ort at which the liay of (Juliite Steamers touch dally, to and from Uellevlile and Klng'laiii and St. Lawrence P'lilway, and cross Itlver Kiclielleu, or go by Itlcliei- leu Steamers whicli ply to and from Montreal. Pop- ulatlnn about .'lO. NOKTII STIKKLY, C. K., Co. ShelTord, Tp. Stukely. do to KIchmonil on the (1. T. K., where the (i. T. K. diverges to tiuebec on the north-east, .Montreal on the north-west, and to Portland on tlie south-east. I'opulallon about I'ii"). NOKTII SI'TTON, C. K., Co. Ilrome, Tp. Sutton, do to Compton or Coiiticook on the d. T. li. NOKTII WALSI.Ntill AM, C. W., Co. Norf.dk, Tp. W«l- slnghai 1. do to Paris on the d. W. K., or llnint- foril on llulTalo and Lake Huron Kallway, and thence to Siincoe by Stage. NiiKTIl WATKKLOO, C. \V. A Tp. in Waterloo Co. For Villages and Post-odice, see .New Hope. .VOKTll WILLlAMSHI'Kti, C. W., Co. Diiniliis, Tp. Uilliamsburg, in which is the Williiinisliurg Tele- graph Station, on the d. T. K. Population about 2.'iO. NOKl'ON CKKKK,C. K, Co. Keauharnois. On South Shore of the St. Lawrence, opposite the St. .Vnne's Station of the d. T. K. Population about Jul. XOKVAI,, C. W., Co. Haltoi., Tp. Ksipiesing. do to deor>:etown, in same Tp., a Station on the O. T. K. Population about :^5i>. NORWICH, C. W. A Til. (and Village with Money Order (lllici'l in Co. Oxford, (lo to Ingersoll or WooiUlock on the d. \V. It. Poinilatioii about 700. NOKWOOl), C. «., ( o. I'elerborimgli, Tp. As|ihodel. do to Cobourg, and tlieiice by Peterborough Junc- tion. Cobourg li on the (i. T. It. Population about fllHI. NOKWOOD, C. W. A Village on the KlngMton hoart, about H miles east of the city of Toronto, In York Township. .No Pust-olllce. NOTTAWA, C. W. The Post-otJicfl in Nottawasaga. Tp. under this name Is now called Ilowmure, which see. Population about :lilii. NOTTAWASAtiA, C. \V. A Tp. In .''imcoc Co., and a Station on the Onlarl i,Slmcoe, and Huron Kallway, about .s^ miles from Toronto. NOTKK KA.MK DC POKTAdK, C. K. Near the Kiver Maduwaska, south of the St. Lawrence, below St. Thomas, which is now tlie Termliiiis of the d. T. K., and on the projected extension to Troi's Pistoles for New llrunswick and the llrltlsh Seaboard. Popula- tion about lUUU. o OAKLAND, C. W. A Tn. in llrant Co. do to Pari* or llrantford on the HulTalo and Luke Huron Kail. Population about 'Jon. OAKKIDdKS, V,. W., Co. York, Tp. Whitcliurch, In which Township are Aurora and .Newmarket, lioth Stations on the Ontario, Slmcoe, and Huron Kail, respectively distant itil and !t4 miles from Toronto. OAKVILLE, C. W., Co. Halton, Tp. Trafalgar. A Town and Station on the d. \V. K., Ill miles from Toronto. See preceding pages. Po|iulation about '.^0011. OAKWOOD, C. W., Co. Victoria, Tp. Maripo.«a. do to Lindsay by Kail from Port Hojie on the Ct. T. It, Population about Hi). OIIAN, C. \V. See Plympton. Population about 60. ODKSSA, C. W., Co. Aildlnglon, Tp. Krnestown, In which is KruesloHii Station on d. T. K. Population about (iOO. OLDKN, C. W. A new Township. See Crown Landt for sale. OMAdll, C. W., Co. Halton 1^\ Trafalgar. For Ball- way, see Oak'Hle. ONKiOA, C. \V. A Tp. In .'ildiiiiai.d. do to Cale donia on the lliiiralo anil i. ike Huron Hallway. Population uliout 2'ii), ONONDAGA, C. W. A T|i. In Urant Co., and a Kall- way Station on the llull'alo iinil Lake Huron Kall- way. Population about :!oii. ONSLOW, V. K. A Tp. in Ottawa "o., on North Shore of Kiver Ottawa, aliovu Ayliiier Fast, whicli see for Steamers and route. ONTAKIO, C. \V., Co. WeiH.worth, Tp. .laltli-et. A Station on the d. W. K., IG miles from Hamilton. Population aliout l.'iO. OPS, C. W. A Tp. In Victoria Co. For. Post-office, etc., see Lindsay. ORANGEVILLE, C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Gara- fni\a, on the darafra.xa Koad from (iuelph, to which go by d. T. K., and thence liy Stage. Poimlation about .^00. OKClllLL, C. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Morris, (io to Strat- ford Kallway Junction by d. 1'. K, or by the Kuiralo and Lake Huron Kallway, and thence bv doderich .> . W. A Town in t'o. iluinrio, Tp. Whil- l)y. A fliitlon nn llii.- U. T. It., lUI nillva from Torniilo, fi'i- pivcedinii pvtti'n. I'opulitllon itboul HIKKI. OHI'llKV, ('. W. A Tp. In llrey Co. <)o to Notlawii- •iiKii Sliilloii on lliv Unlurlo, ri>ulutioii iilxiut 'i&. CTONABEE, V. W. A Town In Township nt kiiiiip n:irni', In the Co, at I'ett'rliormmh .-*if I'literbo- l-ougli. OTTAWA, C. W. Tlir Ciiplliil of dirleton Co., atiiiiit iV( inllt'K li.v Jiiiu'tlon Kiillwny from tliv (I. T. K lit I'ri'iieott ; iiUo I'oinnmiilcatlon liy i^teiiiiifr frnm .Montreiil, iinri hIho from i'emliroki.'. For fur- tiller piirtlcnlttrj', »i'u I'luowlitre. '/ ! '.. ,' t'V OTTKUVII.I.K, C. W., Co. Oxford,' Tp. Norwich. Which nee. OI'ISKAU, C. F., Co. Pontine. On North Shore of I'ppt-r Olluwii, uliove Allumotte laliinil. For route, »et' A.vlmer Kust. OL'NdAII, C. \V., Co. Kent, Tp. Clmlhmn. In which I.H the Chuthitm ritiition of the (I. W. K. OWEN SOUND, C. W., Co. Urey, Tp. Syilunhttm. Konio by Itull from Toronto to CoIIIiikwooiI |I7 nillcM, (Ontario, .>*imcoe, and lliiron Itallnay,) and thencu by Canah, on the . T. K., and are xituale In this Township. Tlicy are also Po.st-olHces, as is Osnabruck Centre. Dickenson's Landing is the preferable Station, PAISLEV, C. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. Eldersilc. A Tp. ad- Joiidng Saugeen. (Jo to (iuelph, on (i, T, 11., and thence to Owen's Sound by Stage. Population about 1A(). PAKENHAM, C. W. A Tp. In Lanark, South of the Uiver Ottawa. Go to Filjroy Harbour. See Aylmer Ka.st, for route. I'opulation about 8o0, PALERMO, 0. W,, Co. Hiilton, T|). Trafalgar, Go to Oakvlile, on the (J. \V. It. Pojiulatlon about '2IKI. PAPISKAUVILLK, C. K., Oltawii Co. In Petite Na- tion Tp., fronting the North Shore of the Ottawa, between Urenville and Carriilon. do to Montreal for Steamer to Grenville. Population about 151). PARIS, C. \V., Co. Urant, Tp. Dumfries, South, The Station where the U. \V, H., and the llullalo anil Lake Huron Itailways Intersect. See preceding pages. Population about 2iNli). PAll.MA, C. W., Co. Lennox, Tp. Fredericksburg. Go to N.ipanee, on the G, T. K. PASDKDIAC, C. K., Co. Bonaventure. South of the Gaspe District, on the Ita.v of Chaleurs. Traders from (Juebec. Population about 'iOO. PEKL, C, W. A Tp. In Wellington Co. For Town.», Itoute, Villages, and Post-olUces, sec Allansville, Alma, and Drayton. PKFFKllLAW, V. W., Co. York, Tp. Georgina, On South Shore of Lake Shncoe. (to to Holland Land- ing, on Ontario, Slincoe, and Huron Italluay from Toronto City. Population about luti. PKLIIAM, (1. W., Co. Welland. A Tp. For Poll. olllces. route, etc.. sen Fouwlck, Fontldll, and IVl- ham I'nion. PKLIIAM CNIO.V, 0. W., Co. Welland, Tp. Pelhitm. Go to Port Dalhousle by Steamer from Toronto, or by d. W, It. to St. Cuthurine'ii or Jordan, llumlltou and Niagara Section. PEMBROKE, C. W., Co. Kenfrew. Proposed Ter- minus of Hrockvllle and Arnprlnr Kallway. Ou the .South Shore of the Ottawa, about 0n miles abova Ottawa ( Ity. For Steam route, see Aylmer Kail. Poimlalion about TiNl. PENETANQUISHENE, C. W. Anold Ilrltlsh Fort, on South-ciist Shore of the Georgian Ibiy. Go to llarrle, on Ontario, SImcoe, and Lake Huron Kall- way fniui Toronto, and thence by Stage about Hi) mll'^, or to Colllngwood, the Terminus of the same Kail, lud thence by Trading Schooner. Population alioiii iMl. PFNVILLK, C. W., Co. SImcoe, Tp. Tecumseth. Go to Newmarket or llradfnrd, on Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Kali from Toronto. PKKCF, C. F. A Tp. In Gaspe District. On the South Shore of the St. Lawrence, facing the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Trailers from (iuebeo. Pojiuiutlon about IfHH). PKKCY, C. W. A Tp. In Northumberland Co. For Post-olhce,etc.,seu Norham. Population about 4ni). I PKKKYTOWN, C. W., Co. Durham, Tp. Hope, do to Port Hope, on the G. T. It. Population about lllil. PERTH, C. W., Co. Lanark, Tp. Drummoud. A County and Asslite Town. On the llriickvllle ami Arnprlor Kallway now forming. Go to Ilrockvlile, on llie d. T. K., .Montreal and Toronto Section, and thence by Stage tbriiugh Smith Falls, about -ti miles good road. Population about 'J.Vlii. PETERBOROUGH, C. W., Co. Peterliorougli, Tp. North .Moiijiglian. The County and Assl/.e Town of Peterborough County, do to Cobourg, on the d. T. K., and thence liy llrancli Kallway to Peterborough, See preceding pages. Population about llllin. PKTFU.silCK(i, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wllmot. A .Sallon on the G. T. it., till miles from Toronto. Population about XiU, PKTITF NATION, C. K. A Tp. in Ottawa Co., be- tween dreiivllle and Carriilon. For Villages, Post- otlices, and route, see .Montloello, Papineauvlllo, St. Andre .Vvelin, and St. Angelii|Ue. PHILLIPSBURQ EAST, C F., Co. Mlsslsipirl, Tp. St. Annand. On the lioundary separating Canada from tlie State of Vermont. St. John's on the west side of the Itlehelleu Klver appears to he thu nearest Kallway Point. Population about M)0. PHILLlPSHLltd, C. W., Co. Waterloo, Tp. Wllmot. Go to Petersbiir^ (in the same township) by the (1. T. It. Population about llio. PIIILLIPSVILLE, C. W., Co. Leeds, Tl>. Bastard, do to Lyn, on the d. T. U., and thence by road North. PICKERING, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Ontario, with Post-olliee and .Money Order of the same name, and In which are the following Stations of the G. T. K. : Port Union, 17 miles from Toronto, and French- man's Bay, 'Jl miles. PICTON, C. W. The County and Assize Town of Prince Edward's Co. Go to Uellevllie from the west and Kingston from the east both Stations on theG. T. It., and from either Station by Buy of (tulnte Steamer. See preceding pages. Population about 2IKII). PIEKCEVILLE, C. E. A Tp. in Yamaska, on the South .Shore of Lake St. Peter, on the Klver St. Law- rence. .No Itaiiwuy can be named as near. Go to (Quebec or .Montreal, and ihence bv Steamer. PKiEON liILL, C. E. In Missisiiuoi.'Tp. .st. Annand, on the boundary of the State of Verumnt. Nearest Hallway, Point Lacolle Station, 88 miles from Mon- treal, on Hou.ie's Point Itallwav. PILKINdTON, C. W. A Tp. In Wellington Co. For Town, Itoute, and I'ost-ollice, see Elora. PIKE RIVER, 0. E., Co. Mi.sslsquol, Tp. Stanbriilge. do by Montreal and House's Point Itaiiwuy to Ln- colle, 8.S miles from Montreal. PINE OltCIIAKI), C. W., Co. York, Tp. Whitchurch, in which Townsliip are Aurora and Newnmrket, both Stations on the Ontario, Sinicoe, and Huron Kail from Toronto. PINE KIVEK, C. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. Huron, fronting Lake Huron, do to Goderlcb, 44 miles from Strat- ford, the Junction of the Toronto and Stratford Sec- f. ' ! CANADA: ClTIEa, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. W do irth. with ,iiit*, and R.: Freiich- 30. For tloii uf thu 0. T. It and of ths llutrulo and Lake llui'on Hull. I'lri'SIIUUll, (,'. \V. A T|i. Ill Kninteniic Co. Kor Itiiiitt', I'oKtnnk'iH Hiiil VllliiKi;ii,auu Uruwi'r'n Mlllii, IIIi'iiiIiikIiiiiii, hiiiI i'lu'i IVriy. I'LANT.VliKNKT C! W, A Tp. In l're»futt, North of C'di'iiiviill, III wliU'li xo hy tliu (i. T. U. (>I.ATT,i\ II.I.K, C. \V., ( II. Uxforil, Tp. Illenliuliii, In u i<, ('. K, Co. Portneuf, near (^ape iiilNl. POKTLANI), C. W. A Tp. In Fruntenac Co. For Koolc, Vilhigea, and Post-olllcus, see Ilarrowsmlth and Murvale. POUTLANI), 'J. W.. Co. Leeds, Tp. Dastard. On to Lanilsdowne on tiie (). T. K., 1C>5 niUus from Mon- treal. Populullon about If)!). POUT MAITLANI), C. W., Co. Haldlmand, Tp. Sher- brooke, a port on Lake Kilu. (io to Uunnvllle Sta- tion on the KulTalo and Lake Huron Ituil, -I.'i miles from Paris Junction of thu U. W. It., and 77 miles from Stratford Junction uf the (I. T. U. Pu|iulutlun about !»>. POUT MILFOni), C. W., Co. Prince Kdward, Tp. Marysburg. .Mllfonl fronls Lake Ontario; but the Steamers call at PIc'.on, oil Day of t|ulnte. See Pic- tun for direct route. POUT NKLSON, C. W., Co. Hiillon, Tp. Nelson. A Port on Lake Ontario. Uo to Wellington Square, a Station of tliu (1. W. U., In the same Township, 7 miles from Hamilton. POUTNKUF, C. K. A P.irt in Co. Portneuf, on North Shore of SI. Lawrence, about !)» miles above Quu- beu. Steamers pass near Cape Sante. Popuhition about 7.511. POUT PKKUY, C. \V., Co. Ontario, Tp. Ue;i-li. Oo to Whitby, on the 0. T. K., about UU mlies from Toronto. PORT ROBINSON, C. W., Cn. Welland, T|.. Tho- rolil. A lliriviiig business place. .Money Order Olllce. (io to Thorold, a Station on the U. W. K., about :i4 miles rroin Hainillon ( Itv. PORT ROWAN, C. W., Co. Norb.lk, Tp. Walslng- liain. A Port on Luke Krie, (io to Simcou by Urantford Stage rroin llraiitford Station of the Iluf- falii and Lake Huron ItiiUway. Population about 4.VI. POUT UOYAL, C. \y., Co. Norfolk, Tp. NValsingham. See Port Uowan. ; POUT UVKItSK, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Woodliouse. j A Port on Lake Krie, .youth of Siiiicoe, Ihe County I Town, lo wlilcli go by Stage from llraiitford Station, on tlie lliill'alo ami Lake Huron Uallwav. POUTSMOCTH, C. W., Co. Krontenac, Tp. Kingston. I A Suburb of the City of Kingston wllli dally Stage 1 connection, (io lo Kingston City by Sleainers from Montreal. Toronto, and Cape Vincent, or by U. T. U. Populallon about IJIIU. i POUT ST. FUANCIS, C. K. In Mcolet. A Port on the South Shore of St. Lawrence, at the Kast end { of Lake St. Peter, SS miles below .Montreal, a usual j place of call for the tjueliec and Montreal Steam- { era, about 25 miles distant from Artlmbaska, on the 0. T. U. PORT SARNIA, V. W., Co. Lnmbton, Tp. Sarnla. The Port on Lake Huron, destined as Ilie Term' iu9 of the (J. T. K. and (}. W. It. Go to SIrulford by the IlulTalo anil Lake Huron, or by the (i. T. It., Toronto and Stratt'ord Section. A Branch of St. Mary's from London, on the U. W. 11., is near coui- idillon. PORT STANLEY, 0. W.,Co. Elgin, Tp. Yarmouth. A ieailing Canadian Port on Lake Krie for the Clly of London, with which It is now connected by liranch Uallway. Uo to London by O. W. U, Steamer from here to Cleveland, oido, 3 times weekly. POUT UNION. A Station on the O. T. R., 17 inllea from Toronto City, lietwecn Scarborough Kast and I'iiKering. (Xo Poat-ollicu under that name.) Pop- ulation about iU), 66 CANADA: (;ITIKS, TOWNS, AND VIliLAdEH. I I ! ; !!:: PORT TALnOT, C. W., ("d. KIglii, Tp, Duiiwlch. (to to i':i(rrlii|t» tlK'lt'ixlMii'K, wlili'li Ik iIiu TiTiiiliiu* i>r tliii Niirtlii-rii lliillwiiy frDiii Knii»i-'ii I'nliit; iilmi I'lirt nil !*l. Ijiwiviici', lit wliicli all (iiiiiKllitii Hti'iiiiifrii riill. Ht'u iirvci'illiiK piiKt''' l'l>|lullltloll nhlillt 4lMH), PRKSTON, C. \V.,C'i>. Wuti'rlno, Tp. \V»t<-rlno. (In til I'lirlH hy the (I. W. It., or liy llir Uiiil'nlo iiiiil l.iiku lliiroii, mill tliviiOL' liy (i. W. II. Ilntiicli fur I'ri'HtiiM mill (liilt. I'lipuliilliiii iiliiiiit iMiil. I'Kll'KVII.I.K, «!. W., Co. (iri'y, Tp. .\rl. iiukIii. Ill the ceiitru iif tli« Nnrthwi'^t i>l'<>th uii tin- Uiitiirlii, ttliiii'iiv, mill lliiroii Uitllwiiy fruiii Turnntu, wuulil provt' tiiimt I'llKlhli', I'lUNCETIJN, C. W., Co. Oxforil, Tp. Ilh'iihelin. A t*liit|cin on thu , Pltdl'UN, C. \V. A Tp. In (ir.y. do to (luelph, on the tl. T. It., iinil thtncu hy r'latfc North. i'L'.>iLl.\OII, C. W. A Tp. in WcllinKtou, cloie to Uuelpli, tu which go by U. T. It. Q QUEBEC, 0. K. For ilcsorlptlon, aeo I'lHcwhcre. QUKIIKC COUNTY, C!. K., with Qiiilifc City na thu t'»|iltiil— fronts till) Ht. Liiwrcnce on thu Couth— In bounileil on the North hy Chiuoutlinl, anil the un- iftlleil ilLilrlct of Luke QuinipiiiiiiuckslK, on thu Wist h.v County I'nrtiiciif, unil un the Kant l>y C'liiintv Munliiiori'iK'l. »JL'KKN!*U01t()U(ilI, C. W., Co. llaNllnKH, Tp. Klz<- vir. do to .Miiiloc hy .Stagf from Ili'lU'Vlllt', ulikh U u Main Htalluu on the U. T, It. iiecllun, 'IM iiilIeK Troiii .Mnntrual. QUKKNf ION. C. W., Co. Wullnnd, Tp. Mamira. Co to Niagara hy d, \V. It., about 4il iiiIIl'8 from Ham- ilton, anil theuc'v hy Kriu anil Ontario Itiiiluuy to Quuenston, H miles, or go by l^tcuinur Zbuiuuriiiun friiin Toronto. QUEKNSVlLbK, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Kast dwillim- bury. do to Ilnllanil LaniliUK, which Ih u s>tatlon in the same Township on thu Ontario, Himeou, unci Huron Itailwuy from Toronto. RAOLAN, C. W., Co. Ontario. In Whitby Townalilp, In whlcli Id tlie Port Wliitby Station uf the (i. T. It, Population about HilU. RAIbTON, V. W., Co. Krontunao. do to Klnfpton by thu d. T. K., Mnntrual ami Toronto Sectinii, or by Steaniurs from Kast and Wu.'it, anil across from Ciipe > lucent. Popiil.ition alioiit llHl. RAINIIAM AND ItAlNII.VM CKNTliE, C. W.. Co. llalitlmiind, both In Kalnham Tp., froMliiiK l/aku Kiiu. do to ( iilnvlllc nr Uunnvillu hy lliu Uullalo and Lake llumn Kailwav. Population al)OHl '.^IHI. RAI'IDKS J)K.S JOIA( HI.MS, t . K., Co. I'niillac, Tp. Aberdeen. Above Pembroke, with comniunicatiim frnni A) liner Kast (wliicli see), by the Uppur Otta- wa Union Forwarding Ooinpany. Population about m. RAIMIO, 0. W., Co. 0.\ford, Tp. niundfonl. do to Princeton, on tliu Ct. W. H., or to Plattsviiiu, on the linlValo and Lake Huron Kailwav. RAVKN.SWOOD, C. W., Co. Laiiibton, Tp. lio.iaiiiiuet, fronting Luke Huron, in Port Siiinia District. Hall- way Incomplete. See St. Mary's, Dlanshard, or Stratford. RAWUON, C. E. A Tp. In Montcaliu, on North Shore of Ct. Lawrence, In St. Maurlci< DUlrlet, do to Jlontreai by nii for the ( ounty Renfrew. Popniatloii almiit l.°>i). REPENTIdNY, C. E. In L'Assuiiipllon. On North Siiore of tiiu St. Lawrence, nuur Montreal, lo w liich K". KKSTIdOt;CIIE, C. E. At Ihe upper I nf tlie Hay of tJiiaieiirs. Kor Postolliee, etc., see Cmss Point. RICEVILLE, C. W., Co. I'n.-enlt, Tp. I'lantageiiel, which see. Popnialion iilmut Ion. RICHMOND, C. W. A Tp. In 1 nox. Kor principal Town and Itailway ."'tulinii, seu Napanee ; also, tor Post-otllces, seu Itoblin, Selby, anil Unweii. Pnpii- iHtlon about 'J'JIHI. RICHMOND HILL, C. ^V., Co. Ynrk,Tp. VaiiKhan. On the Ontario, SImi'ne, anil Hiirnii Itiill. M.ixea also run froin Toronto dally, except .Sundays. Pop- ulallnii about ililil. Kit IIMOND WEST, 0. W., Co. (.'arlelon, Tp. doul- liornu. do to Kelly's Station nr North Osgomle by the Ottawa and Presenlt Hallway, from Ibe n the South Shore of the St. Lawrence u little above .Minitreai, opposite St. Ann's, to which go by d. T. R. RIVEKSDALE, C. W., Co. lliiice, Tp. dreeiiock. Near Saugeen. (in lo (Jiielpb by the tl. I'. I!., and thence North bv Singe. Pnpul.'ilioii abniii .'iii. RIVIERE ALX (ANAIIDS, (. E. In I barlevnix. On tlio North Shore nf the St. Laiweiiee, near the conllnence uf the Saguenay, about '.HI miles lielowr tiiiebec. Steamers pass. RIVIERE DKS l'ltAIUIK.~',C. K. In Isle of Moiilieai. On tlic SI. Liiivreiice, dividing tlie l»le of .lesiis from Isle of Monlreal. do to Mmilreal by Sleanier or d. T. R. I'npiilalion about .')IHI. RIVIERE DO LOUP, en has, C. E. A favourite R n It R Ri R( RI R( R( R( ( ( Rl CANADA: ClTIKrt, TOWNS, AND VILLAUKS. er ', III Ti'hilNi'iiiiiilit ; wliiTo the Klvcr I* 'ill iiillix III whilh, III Ink iii'iirl.v o|i|iiiK|ti' llii' iiiniilli of thii HiiKiii'iiiiy, lilii iiilli'K Im'Iow ({Ml Iii'iv IIo liy Ihii 8ii||iO'iii),V mill l.owi'r t*t. I.iiwri'iiri'. Ktiiiiiiiri froiii Qiii'liiM'. TliU Ik the iiroi'iil Ti riiiliiiiii of Kli'iirli' Tt'|i'|{rii|)li I'oiiiiiiiiiili'ittloii, friiin wlit'iit't' tin* nrrU iil of till' I'liiiiiilliiii Mull Mti'HMMTii la iiiiiiofiiii'i'il, im tlirv urrlvii rrmii l.lvi rjiool. ro|iii|iiiliiii hImiiU .'ihIiI. RIVIRKK III) liOCI* KN IIAIIT, (J. K. lu Mii»kln- iiiiKi' DUtrli't. Oil till- North Hhori- of tlip t^l, l.iiw- ri'iii'i', funiiliiK |iurt of tin' Ht. .Muiirli'i' Sin'tlnii of till' I'oiiiilry, rroiilliiK l.iiki' St. IVtir, uhoiit II ihIIik Uliovi" 'I'hrrii ItlviTu; ii I'ort for tin' Hnrhi'i! iiiiil Monhriil SlniiiH'rH, whiuli iii'iiiilly I'lill tlii're. IUVl(>:itK •IlKlihl':, <'. K. Ill KHiiioiiriiHkik. On the Hoiith ^*horu of thu Ht. I,iiwr>'iii'i', iiliont Tm iiilhn hi'low Ht Thomiin, tin' Kii^tcrii '1'im'iiiIiiiim of thu (t. T. It. from (liii'hi'C. I'o|iiiliitloii iihoiit 'iMm, noill.NSON, V. V.., t'o. * oiiiptoii, 'I'll. Ihiry. do to thii Knot of HIii'rhriMiki', wlilrh Stiitlon on th« i<, on thii iii')>, on Ihu d. W. K.,iihout lil iiiIIi'h from tlit< 'I'lr- inlnn" iit WlmlHiir. KdCKKltltlf, 0. W., Co. Norfolk, T|i. Toivimiinil. do to Kritiilfiiril, on thi> lliilViilo uinl l.iiki' Huron Iliiil- wiiv, iiiiil tlienco hy HIineoB Sliinii. ROCKTDN, «'. \V., ("o. Wi-iitwnrlli, T|i. IteviTh'y. do tu DnniliH, on tin- d. T. 11., 1^ inlh'K from thu I'lty of lluinllloii. I'opuliitioii iihoiit loll. KOCKWdOII, (1. \V., I'o. Wi'llliiKton, T|i. Kriiiiio»ii. A Htiillon on the U. T. It., 4'i iiiIIuk from Toionlo, mill M imIIi'K from duulpli. I'lipiihitlon iiliont 4IN|. UtJM'H, (J. W. A Tp. In Itenrruw t'o. For rout- odli'i', rontu, I'tc, iuu Point Alfxiiniloi'. ROI.PIl, ('. \V., Co. Norfolk, Tp. .Mlihlleton. l.vliiR Hoiilli of thf d. W. K. miiiiii '.'II inlli'H. "Try Innir- noil Station on thiit lliiilwiiy, It* iiiIIl-.h eimt of Lon- iliin, iinil '.".) \Vi Ht of Piirln Junction. KOCKPOIir, C. W., Co. \.m\\ Tp. Kucott. do to .Miillorv Town, on the d. T. It. KOM.N'KV, C. W. A Tp. In Kt'iit Co., fronting Uke Kill', do to Hello Ulvur or llupll-ti' Cruuk, hotli Htiitlonn on the (1. W. U., near VVInilnor. ItONDKAlf, C. W., Co. Ki'iit, Tp. Harwich, do to Chatham, on the d. \V. It. noSKUANK, C. '.v., Co. Ilrant, Tp. Ilraiitforil. do to Ilrmitforil,on thu llnlliilo ami Lake Huron Kallwav. UtL-iCTTA, C. \V., (,'o. Lanark, Tp. Lanark, do to HrockvUle, on the d. T. K., uml by Stage to Perth. Population ahoiit tin. UdSKVLLK, C. W., Co. Waterloo, South ItiilhiK, Tp. North llumrrii'H. do to Purls .luin'lion of the lliil- fall! anil Lake Huron ami d. W. Uallway!i. Popu- lation alioiit *•'). KDSLl V, C. \V,, Co. llasllnKs, Tp. Thurlow. do to nellevllle, on the (>. T. It. ll()S,-<, C. \V. A Tp. In Kenfrew- Co. On the South Shore of the Cpjier (Mtawa, on the projectuil line of Itallway from Arnprior to Pcmliroku. I'or present route, see Avliner Kast. UOTHSAV, C. W., Co. Wellington, Tp. Maryhnrouuh. do to diielph, on the d. T. It., anil theneu hy O'Nell's .Stages for all places North-west. ROUdK HILL, C W., Co, Ontaiio, Tp. PlekerlnR. Clo to Frenchman's lla.v, '1\ miles from Toronto, on the (1. T. ;:. Populallon ahout .'HI. RDCliKMONT, (,". R, Co. Kouvllle, Tp. St. Cii'salre. do to St. Hlllalre, on the d. T. It. Population nhout '.'."ill. UOUVILLK, C. K. See .Vhliotsfnril, Iloiigemont, and St. Cii'salre. Villages ami Postolllcus in the Dis- trict elsewhere niiticeil. now AN MILLS, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Wnlslng- ham. Near Lake Krie, South of any Railway, do to Hrantronl, on the Itutralo anil Lake Huron, ami thence hv Stage to Siiiiooe. Populallon ahout 1*1. UU.MlllUdCdII AM) UO.XUOKOCdll WKST. Two niljolnlng Townshiiis In Co. Stormont. do to Corn- wall, on the d. T. U. Populallon ahout 'JfitK). Kd.VTON, C. E., cumnumly calleil South Koxton, which see. UO.Vl'ON KALL.S, C. K., Co. ShelToril, Tp. Koxton. do to .\ctoii, on the d. T. K., 41* miles from Mon- treal. Population ahout .VMI. RUSSKI.L, t. W. A Tp. In Co. KusseU. Go to Dlck- vniinn'ii Liinilliig or (!orn«rHll, holh Htittloiii on tbo d. T. Ii. UCSSKLI. TOWN, C. K., Co. ChatKiiugiliir. (lo to Shi'rrliigtiiii Slalloii, M'i iiilleii from Moiitrvitl, on th* Montreal ami PlHllslnirii Hull. KVCKMAN'S COIINHIIS, C. W., Co. Went worth, Tp. dianroril. tin in .MhlilUpurt, nii the llulTiilu Mid Litku iluroii Hallwuy. ■ (I HT. ADKI.R, C. K , Co. Terrchnnne.Tp. Ahcrcromble. North of Isle .lemiii, iippimlte Slontreal. do to Moiitreul hy Hleuiiitr or d. T. K. Pupulutlun iiliuut 1 mil. HT. AdATllA, 0. W.,Co. Waterloo, South Illillng, Tp. Wllmot. do lo Petemhurg, on the d. T. Ii. Pop- iilatlnn aliont 7iiil, HT. AIMK, C. K., Co. Ulchelleii, do to Horel, nn Ih* St. Lawrence, at the conlhienee of Itlver Itichvlieu ami HI. Iiiiwreiiee, hy the SteaiiierH that ply het.rusn .Montreal ami l{iu'hec. Population ahout rmll. HT. ALK.XANDKK, C. K.,Cn. KamournskA. (hi South Shore of Ht. Lawrence, helow (Jiiehec ahout 70 nilU'ii. HI. Thomas .'Italloii, 4-1 miles liehiw ({ueheo, on the d. T. K., Is the 'leareat Itallwny point. Pop- ulation ahout liliMl. HT. AI,K.\ANI)HK, C. K., Co. Ihervlllo. do to St. John'n, on oppi..} (I. T. li., to OmlH'ii lI'Mi'l fl, on Miu hiirilrri) i>r till' Hluti' nf VithkiiiI. li, iin llii' <1. r. It , Miiiilri'iil :iiiil I'ortliiiiil fi'rtlnn, I III nilli'K friiiii Miiiitri'ul, ii iii'u to < Imrluiton A iiilli'», tn Hliinxli'iiil I'liiiii 1 1 imIIi'D. HT. AltMAMl'H. Ni'v Krt'llrkalitirg ninl HI Annitlnl Ciiiilri'. I'ii|iiilitlliiii Hliniit Inn. »T. AIIHKNK, ('. K. In T.tnlKooiintii ('»., nciir On- cnunu, wlii'rii tint HU-ninKrii tnncli rrmn (jiii>liini'e, III iiillca hIiiivh tjiii'lit'i'. HT. AHm HTIN TNVd MOIINTAINH, 0. R, Two Monnlnlnn Co. On l.'it, on lliii (I. T. K., Moiilrt'iil iiinl Toroiiln Hi'ttlon. HT. lUKNAIIK, ('. K. A T|i. In Ht. Miturlie. On N.iilli Hliiifu iif the HI. I.iiwrflK'B. do In Thri'i- ItUi'i's 119 the ncitriiat I'lirt ill whii'h Htouini'm loiii'h lit'twi'i'ii .Montri'iil iiml t|uuhi'0. I'o|iulatlon ulionl ■ III III. HT. HAIINAnK, C. K. On HIvit Vllmul^li^,lll Ht. Ilyii- I'lnllie Co. (In to Ht. Illlliilri'.oii thu II. T. I(., Mon- tri'iil unil I'orlliiiiil Hfollon, iihoiit 17 iiiIIuh from Monlrciil. I'oiiiilallon ulioiit (III. HT. IIAUTIIKI.aSiI': in IIKItTIIIKIt, 0. K. On thu Niirlh Hhorc of llic HI. Luwreiuc, o|i|in»|(i' Horil, lit which I'ort till' (jiii'lii'c iiMil .Montri'iil HIi'UiiirrK tnui'h. l'o|iiiliillon iilinnt 'io|iulutloii aliont Inilil. HT. IIKNOIT, C. K. Ill Two Mountalnn, fronllnK tho oonllni'ni'e of the Ottawa ami HI, l.awrt'iii'e, o|>|io- »lti' IkIi' (if JeHim. Oil lo Muntri-al liy Hti'iinier unil Itall. I'lipiilatlon Hliont lillHI. HT. IIKItjiAIti), (', K. In Co. Porehcatcr. (lo to OuIkVKoiiiI Htatlon, on Iht- (I. T. K. I'opuhitlon aliout l.'iiio. ST. IIUKIIIIK, 0. K., Co. Ihi'rvlllc, Tp. Mnnolr, (in to Ht. Ilillalre.on the (I.T. It. I'opulHtlon iibont ~f>. ST. HKIINO, ('. K. In Co. Chainhk-y. (Jo to Loll- Ri'iill, on the (I. T. K. Teniilnu*. ST. CAHI.MIU, C. K. In Co. I'ortneuf. See Ht. nazlle. HT. CATIIAKINKH KAHT, C. K. In Co. I'orliunr.Tp. Koxnanibault. On Itivt'r Jauqni'H Cartler, ahont tl nilli'n from l.i's KciirlelH (tli« I'ort at the conlluence of that Itlv'ir ami the Ht. lianrenoe), which la 'J5 inlK'ri aliovt' ({iii'liic. I'opiilatlon about M. ST. CATHARINES WEST, C. W., Co. Lincoln, Tl). (Irantham. A Htcainer from Toronto, or the (1. w. I{. from iianiillon ami Nl;i)iarii to Ht. Calha- rlne'rt Htatlon, 11^ nilk's from Nla);ara, imil S'i from llamlltoii. Huf preceilhiK pa);i'». HT. CKLt^TIN, C. K In McnU't Co., fronllnR the St. Lawrence, on the South Shore, opposite Three Klvera, where the (Jnehec unit Montreal Steaniera call. Population about l.'lilll. ST. CRSAIltK, C. K. In Co. Kouvllle. (lo to Ht, Illllalre Station of the (J. T, K. Population about ISUll. ST. CIIAKI.KH (on Kiver Richelieu*, C. E., Co. St. llyacinthe, Tp. St. Cliiirles. (io to .St. lliilHlri', on the O. T. It. I'opiiliili ihout -UK). ST. (JIIAKLKS (lUver Boyer), C. K. In Beliechiwse. A Htatlon on tiie St. Thoiuiia Hectlun of llie (t. T. U., '25 miles below tjuebec. Pojiuiation about 'ilttMI. ST. ( IIKlSiOI'lll'; (I.Arthabaskii), C, K, In Co. Ar- thabaska. (lo to .XribiiHaHka Station, on tlie (i. T. K , (Juebec anil KicbiinMnil Section, ;W niiler' north of lilchmonil .luiictiiui, ami l>4 inilea from (Juebec (Point Levi I. I'o|iiilalion about 'J.'iO. ST. CLAIKK, C. K. A Tp. In Dorchester Co. Chau- (llere Junction anil (rale's Itoail are the Htatiiina on the (iui'bec and Iticlinioncl Section of Hie (). T. K. for Co. Dorchester. Popiilalion about ■>;m. ST. CLEMENT'S, C. \V., Co. Waterloo, North Killing, Tp Wi'itxKloy. do to Palvrahurg, on lh« (i. T. R. I'lipiilatioii itboul Imi. HT I LKT, C K In Vmiitmnll. (lo In Vuinlrmill Htatlon, oil lliH d. T. II., Ut liiilea weat of Montreal. HT Cill.r.MIIIN, C K In Two .Moiinlaliia, fronlliiK Ibii conlliitini'v of Ihii Olluwa hihI Ht i.awreiieu Klvra, (In to HI Aiint''a Mia niareat Htaliom un till' (I, T, K., il iiilUa wrat of Montreal. HT I DNHTANT, C. K. In La|iralile Co. do lo Junif lion HtatI on ihx Champlaln ami Ht. Lawrvlien HaiiroHil, II milea aiMitll of Montreal. HT. CItOI.X, C. K. In Lolbinivri'. On thu lllvDr HI. Liiwreiice, oppoailv Caim Haute. Illack lll\erHtii- lliiii, 'M iiiliea below I'ofiil Levi, la the neareit Kail' wav point. I'lipiiiation Hbont 'i|;iiio. HT. ('lU'llIIKUT, ( . K. In Ibrlliler, marly oppoallii Horrl. On Hie Ht. Lawrence, a Port for llie (lueln'O anil Montreal Steaniera. At llie back of llerlhier Viliaiie, for wlilcli make, Po|iiiiatioli aboiil ■On*). HT. CVlllLLK, C. K. In L'laUl, on Honlh Shore of the Ht. Lawrence, do lo Ht. Thoiiiaa Trriiitiiiia of d. T. It , ({iiebec ami Ht. Tin la lliatrlct, iinil then alioul i'i inilea illalaiicu. Popiiialion about MHI, HT. DAMASI';, C K. Ill Ht. Il\aiiiilhe Co. do In Ht. Iltaclnllie HliUion, on thu d. T. It, Mil nillci from Sloiitreal. I'opuliitloii about Iwi, ST. IIAVIIl'H, C. W., Co. Lincoln. Tp. MiiKara. (io to Miixara by tlie (I. W. U I'niniiatloii about IIIMI. HT DKMH, C. K On Itlver Itliloilin, In Ht. Ilya- clnllie, niiii'b aee poiiulalion about TOO. Hi: DKMH UK LA IIOCTILLIKIIK, C K In Kamoii- raaka, on lh» Houlh Shore of llie St. Lawrence, about 40 mllea below HI. Tliomaa Tcriiiiiiua of d, T. It. from ({nebec. Popnialion about '.'niKI. HT. DID.M'I';, C. v.. In Lamtmllere (MiiHklnonKi> DU- trici), on North Hiiore of St. Lawrence, oppoHitn Horel, 1) mllea eaat of llerlhier, wiiicii aee, Popiila- liiiii about liiiiii. HT. DOMINKtCK, 0. K. In Co, llaKut. Uo lo Actuli, on the d. T. II. HT. KDOIAltD, C. K. In Naiiiervlllu. (lo to Hhcr- rliiKton, ll'J mllea Foiith of Monlreiil. A Sliillon on the Montreal ami PlatlabiirK llailway. Population aiioiil 'Hxt. ST. KLIZAIIKTII, C. II. In Juliette Co, On Ulver llayoiinc. do to llerlhier, on the North Siiore of HI. Lawrence, iip|io»|ie Hiirci, at the head of Lake HI. Peter. Population about '.'.'ill. HT, KLOI, C. K, In T lacouiita,oii the South Shore of thu Ht. Lawrence, oppoaite the mouth of tliv Haitnenay, do to llivlere du Lonp, which aeu, HT, KL/KAIl, C, K,, Co. Ileauce, do to Illack Illvcr or ('ralK'a Itoail HIationa, on tlie ((uehec ami Itich- nionilHeclioiiaofthed. T. It. Population about '.j.'ilKI. HT. KSPIIIT, C. H., Co, .Montcalm, On Norlli HI; ire of the Ht. Lawrence, below Monlrcal. (lo to .Mon- treal bv Hleamer or Itall. HT. KTIKNNK, C. K. In Ht. Maurice. On Hlver llaliacan, about '211 mllea below Three Itlvera, to which ({o by the Htcaniera that ply between .Mon- treal anil (luebec. Population about 'JlllKI. ST. EUSTACHE, C, K. In Two Moiintalna. A conalileralile Lumber HIhIIoii on projecleii Line of Montreal ami Ottawa Itailway, do to Ht, Aiiii'a, on the d. T. It,, or to .Montreal. Pop. about 'i.MHI. ST, KAUIKN, C, K. In Hlmouskl, a few luilca weat of Hie, on the Houlh Hiiore of tlie Ht. Lawrence. Sue Hie. Population about 1100. HT. fAMILLK, C. E. In the lalenf Orleanfl,ln Mont- morencl Co., on the Ulver Ht. Lawrence, below yuebec. do lo (Jiiebec by the tl. T. It. or Htuam- era. Pojiulation about UllO. HT. t'ELI.V l)E VALOIS, C. E. In Joliette. See De Uamaav. Population about ^liliio. HT. KEitEOL, C, E. In .Montmorencl Co. On North Hhore of Ht. Lawrence, below (Quebec, (lo to Quebec. .ST. KLAVIE, C. E. Hlmouskl. do to Ulc, which aee. Popnialion about '2IIIHI. ST. KOV, C. E., Co. (luebec, near Cily of (}ucliec, tn wbli'li t,'o by Hleamer or d. T. U. from .Montreal ami I'ortlaiiii. ST. PllANCIH, C. E., Co, Vamaska, On the Ulver HI, Krauda, which uiiitca wltli the St, Lawrence at Ihe head of Lake SI. Peter. Steamers from Mon- treal touch. PopiilMlion about :loo. ST. KUANCtS MILLS, C. E. .Some of the larRent ami nio.'iiI HT KI(ANVla of Or li'iiiiK, III Mniiliiiiiri'iii'l ill., III! Ihu Ht. I.Hwrnioc, {ii>t lii'lnw Uuchrc. (In In Uu'htc by HUiililiir ur (.III. NT KKANVOIHdlrnm'*), (' K. In nfiiiirf- «'». No Htiitloii I'Hii liii iiiiiiii'il III ihi* Mi'iiri'»l. Try IlliU'k KlviT, oh Ih* II. T. It., guvhi'C mill llliliiiioiiil Hvc Hon, mill i(i> Koiilli'iiHit. HT. llAltlllKI, iilii llrmiihnO, t'. K. In llrrllilir. A T|i. Ill lli'rtlili-r, ni'iir l,ulii> ItiimklnoiiKi', Ht Ihi' •miri'i' of ih« Hlvi>r llityoiinu, wlilrh I'liiiilliiii Into Hill Ht. I.HHri'iM'd iit'ur llirthliT, Hlilih *vv. l'o|iii liiilon of I'nrl'li Khoiit ilmHi. HT. IIKNKVIKVK, I'. K In .T;in|i„., t'lirlliT (Mon trriil lulmiil). Ho lo ll|i|t> Itonnrli or I'oliil (.'lu'r, thii hml twu Htiillonii nf thu U. T H , lYoiii Mon (rial. HT (IKOIKIK, ('. K. A T(i In lli'iiupe Co, n«MU HIviT riiiinilliiru, wlili'li IIohii Into the Ht l.iiwtini'i', ii|i|iim||i' Ijiii'hi'i'. (Ill to I hnnili'irt! .IniicHon or I liiiiiilliri' Hliillon, nhniit iiilliii rnini ((nrhcc il'oint I.evI). l'o|iului|nii iilioiit l.'^iHi. •T. aCORQE, 'llrmili, ('. W., I'o. Ilrmit, Knul Rhl- liiK. T|i. Honlh lliiinri'li'ii. . In llillwhonHP. On lo ( hiinilliire, on tliu O.T. It ,U inlti'ii from I'oint Levi, opjioHltu ((uehei-, |>o|iuliil!iiii ahoiit llillHI. 8T. lill,KH, ('. K. A Tp. In l.ollilnl^ri'. (lo to the DIaek lllver Hliillon, on the II. T. It., (tuehec nml Kli'iiiiionil Heetlon, 'ill nitliH from I'oliit Levi, o|i|io •Itu (Int'liec, l'o|iuliitliin iiliout I loo. ST. (lUKOOIUK, ('. K. A Tp. In Mcolet, rrnntlnff (he Hoiitli Hhore of the Ht. Liiwrein'e, oppimltc Three Itlvem, where (he ({iielire niiil .Montrenl Hteiinierii eiill I'liiiiiliillon iihoiit IllKIII, HT. IIKLKNK, 0. K. In Kiiinourniiku. Hee Kiimnur inkii. ^ HT. IIELESK, (l)K nAdOT,) C. E, Co. IhiKnl. (Jo to I'ptun un thu (I. T. It. I'opulutlon of piii'lah uliout '2(HI. ST. IIELKN'H, 0. W., Co. Huron, Tn. WiiWBno»h. do tu Htnilforil .huu-llaii of llie IlnlTiilo iinil Liike Huron •ml (r. T. It,, Toronto and iKriilforil Hectinn, unil thence hy Hlii)(u in (lolTEIt), C. E. do to Chau- dlire on the d. T. R., Quebec and UlchiiionU Sec- tion. I'opnlatlon of parish about 20IM). ST. ISIDOKE (LAPItAUtlE), C. E., Co. I.apralrle. A Slallon on the .Montreal and PlattsburK ltullway,21 miles from Montreal. Population about 2U0. HT. tVK , C W., Co. Mlildl«»«, Tp W,»l MInnurl. do III iiiirth Hhiirn of HI Lnwrdor, liclow Mon- IrnHl. Ho to ^lonlrnul, ami Hiiince by Hlifuiii«r or Trader. I'opulutlon of parUh about ItiiiKI. HT. JACQCES LK MINKIIt, C. E , Co l.apralrlo. (In In HI laliloii' oil iha Monlrnal and Platiaburg ltall< way Population about 2Ail. .IT JANVIKIt, C E,ro Turrrbonn*, Ti>. Il« Dlaln- vllle. Ho to Montreal by Hleaiiier or Itullway, ami flrona friini Ule Jeiui to oppoaltn ahorii. PopuUHun do to M. of p.iil ti rtbiiiit 1000. IIU'IIHVE, C. B, Co. RouvllU. nilalie on the d. T. II. HT. JEAN ( llltVHOSTOME (CHATEAI'dCAV), C. K., ( haleiiiiKiiav. Ho to Ht. laldnre Slallon on Ihe Mon- treal mid PInllaburir Hallway, VI inllH4 South of Montreal. Population about lliHI. ST. JEAN CHItVSOSTOME (LEVI), C. E., Co. I »l, Tp. Laiiinn. Ho n Point Levi, ll>e (I. T. ''.. Ter- minus of (Juebec and Itlchinond Hecli<.-< '.r(|uebea. Population nf pariah about IWIO. HT JEAN IlKH CIIILLONH, C. E., Co. l.olblnl»re. Ho lo Hoineraet on the d. T. It., (iuebec and Itlch- inond Itullway, 40 milea from (Juebec, and 47 from Itlchinond Junction. ST. JEAN ll'OltLKANS, C. E. Isle nf Orleanii, on the Itlver Ht. Lawrence, Jiiit below the ( lly of (juebto, lo which vo, ST. JEAN, I'OItT JOLI, C E., Co. L'lalet. do to SI. Thomas Terinlnuii of the H, T. It , 4U inlleii east of Point Levi, and then a diatance of Vo miles hy roid ; or by Steamers from Quebec, It being a Port on th« South Shore of the St. Lawrence, at which Ihey usually call. Population of parish about IIsimi. ST. JEltOME, C. E, Co. Terrebonne. Opposlle lale Jesus, Norlli of Montreal, to which fin by Steamer or Kail. Population of parish about lAOO. •T. JOHN'S CAST, C. E., Co. St. John'*, do hy ('hampbilii and St. Lawrence liallway to St. John's Htatlon, 21 miles from Mmilreal, situalei] on the West sidv of the Klver Itlchelieu. Populatlan about 4Ah). HT. JOHN'S WEST, 0. W., Co. Welland Tp. I'elham. Ho to Thorohl on the 0. W, It. Population about IM). HT. JOSEPH, C. E. A Tii. Ill Ileauce. Ho lo Homer- ■et on the d. T. It., ami then by Itnad enst about 'i'i nillea. The Chaudldre Itlver lions IhroiiKli the Tp., and I'haudl^re Junction Station, on the same Sec- tion, la about iR milea distant. Population of par- ish about HiHKl. ST. JOSEPH DU LAC (TWO MOUNTAINS), C. E., near the cnnlluenee of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence lllvera. do to Montreal or St. Anne'a on by O. T. K, Population of parish about Vi!*>. ST. JOSEPH'S ISLAND, C. W. Lyinn In St. Mary's Straits, on Lake Huron, 10 miles above Point de Tour, running east and west '20 miles, and about in miles wide. Steamers call from Saulte St. .Marie and ColliiiKwood, 07 miles from Toronto, on the Slmcoe, Huron, and Ontario Itullway. ST. JCDE, C. E., In Co. St. Hyaclnlhe. do to Hya- clnthe on the O. T. It. Population about 2.'iO. ST. JCLIE, C. E., Co. VercluVea. See Helocell. ST. JULIENNE, C. E., Co. Montcalm. See Itawdon, Chertsey, etc. Population nf parish about 1800, ST. LAMHEltT, ('. K., Co. Levi, Tp. Lauion. Ho to Point Levi on d. T. It. Population of parish about lloo. ST. LACIIENT D'OItLEANS, Co. Mnntmorenci. On the Island of Orleans on the St. Lawrence, just be- low (Juebec, In which go by Steamer or d. T. K. Population of Parish about 1000. !>T. LAURENT, C. E., Montreal, Co, HochelBRn, on the Isle of Montreal. Ho to Montreal by .Steamer or Railway. Population of parish about HOOO. ST. LA/ARE, C. E., Co. Ilellechasse. (io lo St. Ilenvl from Chaudi(*re on the Junction, a Station on thu (Jueliec and St. Thomas Railway, 17 miles from I'oint Levi. I'o|>ulatlon of parish about isoo. ST. LEO.N, V. E., Co. .Maskenonge Dumontier. On 10 UANADA: CITIK^, TOWNM, AND VIM.AOKM. North ), link* M. Mttrri fa* HIvlAr* ilii l^iuji nu liDMl, whUli NiM". !>«• l.'Aumii|ilti>ii *nil M. kUurli" T»rrll.ii>. HT lilN. H<« I,' tMiiiiiplinii. Itr I.OI'IM Son lllixr lr. IIOI /.All! K, «' K, In IU«iihii«nla, finiitliiK Ihif Hoiitli NliorM iif lliw HI. I.MWrviM'H, ttp IMiallM I'vclitr. nolo Cmliir'a HmKl Ktllllull, itf lllllva waat III Moiiiraal, mi lliu II. T. I( rr. I.Cl, C. K, III 1*1. Jiihir<. Han hi. Jnlm'a Kml HI' \,Vik,V. K..l'>i. IIIiimmkIiI, whi.'ti rmiita (liu Noiilh Hhiir* iir t)ia ft. I.Httraiir* lii'luit thi- >'iiiiMiii'iii'» nf llit> HnKiiaiiiiy, H jMirl lialow IIU*, mut nii Iha t*rii>nil**i| (Iritml Tniiili Kataiialoll. I'lijoilitllnii iit (iitrUh ■ lliilll JlHKI. • r. y\\W, C. K A T|i. Ill ViTi'liiTi'l, lii'lnw »liin- tri'itl, nil HiMilli HIiurH nf lliu Hi l.uwrunca. do lu tliiiiiri'iil. •T. MAIII'KI,, *!. R., Co. Illi!li*ll»u, nn Hoaili Hliiiro of HI. I.«wruiii'r. tlo lu Wllllitiii lii'iiil Hoivli, wliUli aaa. ■T .WAdllKHIIK, r. K., T|i. lion haaliir. |l«« lliiiu- (IIAi'o HI' MAIIIK. H<« l.it lli'iiiii'u. HT MAKIK l)K MOMIIK, i . K., In Kouvlll*. Ilu to i>l. IllUlrit on Iha II. T. II. HI'. .MAItTHIi:, r. »:., lo. V«iiill, Tp. Itlgiiuil, nn Hoiilli-wvat lUiili of Lower lltliiwii. Ilu lu \ilti- Millon (I. T. U. HIV .MAIII'IN, r. »:. Ml' .liaiia lUviil ri<-.-tl>in). do to I'olfil rhilrc. on II r. 11., j.-i iiiili'a on tlio II. T. It. IroMi .Moiilniil, nriil llnoii'ii to Ht. Mitrllii, .North. HT. MAKI'INI':, i;. K. In rliiilt'iiiiKUiiy. lio lo HIht. rliiKtoii, on llii- Moiitri-iil unil I'lulliliurg IMw, -lli tiilh'a from .Monlrioil. •T. MARY S, r. W , In. Pcrlli, Tp. Uliinahnrd, l'o|lllllll|ii|l llllollt Vi'illO. HT. .MATIIIAH, t. K. In llonvillo, (lo to Ht IIIIiiIit, on tliH II. T. It., 17 nillivi froni .Moiilri'iil. HT. .Mil IIKIi, r. K. Oiipoaitu r»iiKliiiiiwiiKii. (Into l.iirlilni' liy .Montruul iinil I'lulloliitrK Itullwuy, on I'll- of .Monlri'iil. Not ii I'oat olllcv. HT. .Mlrill':!,, i;, K. a Tp. in 11,'lk'i'hnaae. On tlio Hoiitli HiKiri! ill the HI. I.iiwr>'ii> .'. Ijo to Ht. Ili>nrl, on thti II. T. It., IJiii'licr iiml Ht. Tlioniim .^iitioii. HT. .MODKHTK, I'. K., lo. TeniNioimlii, Tp, Wlill- worlh, ni'iir Trola I'latolca, prop mi'iI Ti'rniliiiia of Ht. Amlri'w'mNi'W llniiiawlck/ iiinl limhio llullwiiy mill Jiini'tlon wllli Hit' II. T. 11. .«r. .MONIIJUK, 0. v.. In Mcojit, frnnllnu thb Ht. Iiiiwrpiici', oppoalti' Tlirt'U Klvura, to wliirli ||o. HT. .V.VUl IHHK, C. K. Cliitiiipliiln. (io lo I'hiiiiipluln, 4 iiiilcN rroiii Uoiiai^'a I'oint iN. V.I, on tlii' Nortliuni Kiillrouil Troin llKili'iialnirK iN. Y.I. HT. MCIIOI.AH, C. Ii. Luvi. (lo tu I'oint Luvi, on til.' (I. T. II. HT NOUIIKItT, ('. K. In niTlhlcr. Hit- llfrllilir. HT. IIIIH.-*, r. K. Ilii Ulilii'lli'u llivi'r. Ilo hy Hlciiniir to uml from lli'iiry Wlllliiin, or Hori'l fruni .Muiitniil iiimI Mil' KIi'IkIIcu Itivcr. HT. I'AI'OtlK, r. K. KiimiMiriiNkii. Hi'e KitmnuCiiaka. M'. l'A.><('IIAi., I'. V,. Hi'c Kiinioiiriiakii. HT. I'Ai;!. U'lNDUHTUlK, C. K., Jollutto Co, Hcf In- iliintrv. HT. I'All/H IIAV, r. K., Co. Cliiirlevolx. On North Shore of the HI. l/iiwri'iici', opponllK the Isle Aiix roiiilrt's, ulioiit iVi iiillca lu'low l{iii:li('i', lhi< Hnit liih(liii)( phicu of Jiicipies C'nrtler. Uo hy HtuuinirM from Uni'lu'C. ST. l'llll,l,II'l'K. C. K. In Liipralrle. (lo lo St. Iiiimliurt, uii junction on Montreal and KuuKi''a I'oint. ST. rilll.OMKNE, f!. K. In ChntiMinifuiiy. (lotoHt. Nlilori', on tiiu .Monlri'itl ami l'liill.''linr)( lliiil. ST. I'lK, ('. K, I o. Ilagot. do to Ht. llyacintlie, un Hie 11. T. K., .Montreal anil I'lii'tlainl Heetlon. HT. I'IKIiltK ll'OKI-KANH. Hee lale of Oikaiia. HT. I'lKllUK, r. K. MonlinaKiil. (io to St. Thomas, on the (I. T. It., 411 miiex from (tnelieo. ST. I'IKKIIK I.KH IIKI HIIKTH. Hee Mcolet. HT. I'l.AI.'lllK. Hee Two .Mountalna. ST. I'OliVI.'AKI', < •. K. In HiMiluiiKes. flo to Ceiliirii IloKil Stiitinn, 'r.l iiiiiei from Montreal, on tlie U. T. It. , ST. rilO.-'I'KIt, I'. K., ( liamphiin lo. On to (.'Imiii- \ plain, on Itmise's I'oint iinii U^filenHhnri; Itailway, 4 loUva from lluiue'a I'oint. NT. HAI'IUKI, WKhT, I!. W , Un. OI«n(*r«,Tii Ohar- I<4I>'iiImi>)(. III! lo l.anriwlar Mvlloii, M mil"* from >|onir>'' II. T II. HT. II Vl'irU.!, »:AHT, C t: , HalL-.-lniaa.' in lio to HI lli'lnl, rill Iha Hi. TholMlta Hvilloll of Iha II. T II. HT UAVMiiNIl, IV |i. H... I'orliii'iir ■-T K)lll».IIT, r K,( o Hii halK'ii, lio lo Ht. IlllUtr*, on Ihn II T. II HT ItIK II»;h IlKH Al NAIH, ('. K , Cn, l.'lalit. Ht'f I'orl Jolla, HT KiirilAI.IK, r. I In HI ll>a.li>lha Ho lo r't. Ilyni'liiilo', on Ihu il. T, It., W niilra rroin .MoiilrvHl, on llie II I' II. HT Kill II I, M lllll,\N |l*a l.'Aaaiinipllon, HT. HiMK, I . l:. In lain J«aua(l,it«al). Uo In Mon- lri'iil. i HT. HAIVKI'll, r. f- . r.i Terralioniie.Tp Ah»rer hie, .Norlli of .Niw I iirli'le, on Nnrth Hlmru of HI. I l.nwri'iiiii, Hee HI Allele ami Ht Maurlie Terrllnry. HI'. Hl'IIIII.AHTIUt'K, I K. Hee Two Moiiiilaliia. HT HiMll.N UK YAMAHKA, ('. K , lo. Iliii« it, Tii He llaiMaiiy, on Honlli Hhore of l.uke Ht. I'li^r (I'l tu Ht. rruiii ia (Vaiihiaka). Hliiuniera loueh from IJii," hee ami .Mniiln il 'ht. Hl.MilN |i»: KIMinsKI, I'. K.,ro. Illmoiiakl. Iln I Hie rniilh Hhore of M l.anreiiie. .V I'orl lielneeii I Trola I'l.lolea ami Ilii', HliU'li HT. HIII'IIIK, ('. »: , I'o. MeKKiitli', T|> llallfa.«. (lulu I Hlunfolil or Arlliahiiaka, on Hie li. T. H. HI. HTA.NlHl.AH, I'. K. Hee I'lmmplitlii. HP. HI'Ll'irK, I , K., Monleulm Cu. Hue AU'iila. No t'oal olllee. HT. HL'M'ICK, r. K. l.'AoiimpHon. Hen l.'Aaaiimp- timi, on Itlter l.'A^aniiipliin, whieh llowa Into Ht. Lawreiiie helow Hie lahiiiil of Montreal. HT. HVI,VK.«TKIt KAHT, ('. K. Hee Ht. Hylvealer. ■T. THKRCtt 01 BLANVILUI, r K.l'o Tir- rehonne, Tp. Illalnvllle. Opposite Isle Jeaiia, nil Ither Ht. I.iiwri'liee. I'rojeileil .Montreal uml III tawii II liiuuy will loiii'h »t Ht. Kuataihu. Monlrial la the iii-areat Hallway point. HT. TIIOMAH (llcrthlcr), C. K., Co. IkrUilur. Keo llerlllier. ST. THOMAS, ('. W., Co. KIkIii, Tp. Varinoiilli. (In the l.omlon anil I'ort Hliliiley llraneh of the II. W. It. Ho to l.omlon, on the II. W. It. I'opnlnlliii uhiMlt IIIKIII. ST. THOMAS, iMontmnKnIl, r. R. d,. MoiitinaK' nl. The pretieiit Termluna of Hie (1. T. It., eaat of llneliee tu luilea, fronting tin; .«outh Hhoru uf the Ht. I.awreiii'e. HT. TIMIITIIIK, C. e., Ileauliarnoii Co., frontlii|| the Ht. I.iittrenee, oppo.lie Viinilreiill, on Ii. T. 11. HT. I'llllAIN, C. R.l'n I'haleaiiKUiiv. HeiHt. Milore. HT. t'ltHCI,!';, r. K, Co. Ma»klnoii«e. In Hie Ht. .Mauriee Territory, In Kief Ht Jean, in the .North Hliore of ilie Ht. I.awreiiee, whieli aee. ."T. VAI.K.NTINK, (!. K. Hee Ht. Jolin'a Kaat. HT. VAI.l.lKIl, ( . K., Co. Ilelleeliiiaae, Tp. Ht. Valller. On HouHi Hhore of the Ht. Lawrence. 'In to Ht llenri, on the li. T. II. ST. vn TOIItK, C. K, Co. IllchcUeu. Oo to Ht. llyH elnthe, on Iheli. T. K. ST. VINI'K.NT, C. W. A Tp. in Co. Orey, frnntlnu Hie NottawaaaKa Hay. Hteunier from ColllnKnooil tniii'hea at Cape llleli ami Meafonl rn unit' foi Owen Hoiiml. Koail Htaxea In Winter, (lo to Cnl- liiiKwooil hy the Ontario, HInieoe anil Huron Itnil, WT uilleH from Toronto. I'opiilalloli almiit MKI. .ST. VINCKNT I)K I'Al'L. In Me Jeaua, whlcli aee. HT. /KI'lllltIM, C. K, Co. Vamaaka, Tp. Conrval, near the Ht. Knincla lllver. lio to I'ort Ht. Krancia, on Lake Ht. I'eler, liy l{iieliei' and .Montreal Hteani era, H:t mllea hilow .Montreal. HT. ZOTIUCK, C. K. In HonlaiiKea. On North Shore of Ht. Lawrence, lio to Ceilara Itoail Station, Lill mllea weat of .Montreal, on Hie II. T. II. HAIIltKVOIS, C. K., Co. lliervllle. For Poatolllre, see lleiiryvllle, on K:i9t Hliore of Ulver lllchelli \i. Htott'a Htiillon on the weat aide of the lllver Cham- Iihiln Hiid Ht. Lawrence Itailway la the neareat point. SAdl.'KNAV DIHTHICT, C. K. Thla la reached hy Steamer " Hagueliay" from IJueliec ami Tadouaac, on the North-weat Shore of the .St. Lawrence, 140 miles lieloH Hueliec. SALh.M, C. v., Co. Oxford, Tp. Malahlde. Oo to St CANADA : (01Tlli>«, TDWNM, AND Vlt.l.AUiM. n ».■.. ) St. IIj 11 ritliiK IVdilll irtli Slioro lutlon, M intiillin', ISkliilliii. fCT Cllillll- rent iiiilnt. ■iK'lii'il liy 'riit\iiiit(at\ itiicf, 14" do to Bt TfiMOM, OB III* LmmImi m4 Pnri HUiilnir H«ll»»x, • III. Ii ' •>• (• ttUk Mm U. W. R. tti l.oiuloii. I''>|>- uUllon •bout ¥»> »Al.ri)HU, »/'. W . * ». Uarnril, T|> llnroliiiiii II. > lo Ihfvraiill, »M lli« It W. H l'n|>ul«ll' III IKiil ».U;V>'I.»:k'|', V *V , !'■.. W«',l»..rlh. A Ti., »"!• I'iiat iiin<'», ■*•< Oiilii.i|fi, »hl>»iHilil|i, III! Hid (I W, i( , M) iiillna rrmii lUiiill- t.iii rii>. *AMIIIII.I.,< W .1 (1. I'«»l, T|> .\lliliin. lloloMnl loll, lit iiillna, iir llrmiiiiliiii, H nillo rroiii Turiiuln, on IliK It. T. H. l>M|iulitili>ii nlMiiit l.'m. lANIII'UINT, I . W., I > Hinrriw, T|i. MiNob. Uli Tiiiifr Olliiait, lliniih ptinro, il.i in riuroy llitr liiiiir. t'lir ('|i|M'r iittttw* Mlraiiiiira hikI mulo, •«« AyliiiiT Kul. ■ANOWICH, •'. W.l'n »:»••<«. AT|> fr iiHiiK Ih* •II. riiilri' Klvir, II iiilki Ixhiw llrlr.ilt, WLlilKitn. Vliifi'i rroiii Wliiilmir, UN ItiK >ii uliuut IIIHI lAIIMA, I'. W., i''i. I.anililiiii, T|i. nf Huriitit. Dllu- uUil »l Oil' uii|K'r •'lilt of Hlvir l*t. I'UIr, miir ." Jiiik'IImii Willi l.iitii) lliiniii. l'n|iiilHtluiiHlii>iii |;lmi. UAUOItN, il W. A T|i. Ill llrun* ( u A I'lirt itiul lliirlMiiir i>( l.itliD lliiriiii. Tlivri' iir>' r iiiori' liroji'i'tt'il Hnll«it.va In i niiiii'i't It witli Tnriinlii. At jinaviit vii t- MiMMnva, Hiiiilh Killing. A Mall n lh« U T. R., I llilli<» uilal of ll.lliivlllii Pnpuliiltilll about ImNI. r>IIM(iiN, I W ,l'i>. Y.irk.Tp Ki»i lUllllMiloiry ll« III N>»niiirk«l, M inlloa frinii I'uronln, on Iha Onl*' rli.Hliiii'oa, and Huron llallw.>y. I'npuUilon alioul ■i.Ni lrr Shawrnviaii, above ilraiid IMIm, In Ilia SI. .Maurlia Tarrtlury, wblW SIIKkflKI.II, C Vi , (U. AiblliiKloii, A Tp ror lloiiii:, Piiat iiKlvia, uixl \ llliigia, •«« Clarcvlaw, Krlnvvlllr, and Titiiiwirlh. Tlw no I'imImiIUc* iiiidrr bead of " Sbi'llli'ld " SHK>'KIHI.I», I' W ,1... Wnilwnrtb, Tp. Ilav.-rl.-y. A I'lial iillli'e and VlllilHi'. lio to I opeluwn, a Mlatlon of till' 11 W. 11, 111 lleverli» Tp, SM^froKII AM) SIIKft'Oltl) MOUNTAIN, C. W. lio lo jihrrbrooke, on tin' II T It , Kiiali-rn Town- >^llpa, IM iiillea from Moiitri'al, and I'il from (jni-bau, SHI.IIIIItOOKK W»:ST, I W A Tii In llablliiiaiid I <> Kor Poai iinii'i'a, aeii Port Alaltlaint Ilo to \\ iliilli rl. on ili» hiiiralo and Lake Htirnii KnllwHr. • HERRROOKI, C. K In Aaiol. Ilo to Sherbruoke on the (I. T H., Moiilreiil iiinl I'orlliinil S.'i'tlon, Ui mlica from (Iniio'i', and ml fn.ni Monlreal. Sleaiu- vra tn lake .M. inpbrainagoK j.ly all Ihii Suuiiner, I'oinilatlon almut lliilHi SIIKIIIKAN, C. W,, Co. I'l'cl, Tii. Tnrohln. Tho Tp. of Toronto la the Weaturn vlrlnl'y uf thu City. Pop- Illation abinit liHI. SIIKItlllNiri'ON, C. K ATp In Naplervllle, and a Hallway Station on the .Montreal and I'lattaburif Hall, IIM nillea from .Montreal. l'opiil*tliiii about I.Vl. SIIII'TON, I . v.. A Tp. In Klehm I See l)aiin\lllu for I'lial'iillli'v, alaii for ll»iili\lll.- Stallon, on Ihi'll. T. IC, t nillea from Ulchiiiond, on Quebec and lllch- nioiiii l.liiu. SII-I.SVII,I,K, C. W., Co Lennox, Tp. Kredeil.'k.burg. do III Krni'atown Station, ^ iiilUa weat of KIliKatun City the 0. T. It. SII)N>:V, (;. W. A Til. In Co. Ilaatlnita. For I'oat- ollke, aeu Frankforil. (lo to llelU'vllle, un the U. T. II. SILVKK CItKKK, C. W., Co. Ilallon, Tp. r.ai|iiealnK. (lo to lieiirKetnwn, un thu U, T. 11. ropiilalluu almut 6il. SILVKK HILL, 0. W., Co. Norfolk, Tii. Charlott*. vtlle, near the Shoro of Lake Krie. (lo to llrant- ford, on the Ilull'ulo and Lake Huron Hallway, li nillea from III-' I'aria Jiinetlon wllh thu (1. W. 11., and thence by .•'taife to Slmcoe dally. SIMCOE, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Woodhouae. tially connection by StaRU with I'arIa and llrant- ford. Ilo to llrantfnrd by llio UulTalo and Lake Huron Hall. I'opulatlon about 2UIHI. SIN( LAIKVILLK, C. W.,Co. Hahllinaiiil.Tp. Seneca, which aee. SLIOO, C. W., Co. I'eel, Tp. Cale.lon. (lo to nriinip- ton, on the (I. T. II., Ti mllea from Toronto. I'opu- latlon about M. 8.MITH, V. W. A Tp. In I'eterbnrouKh Co., Jolnlnn Cavaii and Nortli Olonabee Townahlpa on the South, and mirronnded by the Otonabee and tributary Itlvera which aepurate It from Knnlamoro un the Weat, Harvey on the North, ami llonro on the Kaat. For VilliiKe and I'u^t-otllce, Hce ItrldKenurth. SMITIIKIKLIi, C. W., Co. Northumberland. In llrlKhtnn Tp., which la on the II. T. K., 'i'i miles weal of llelleville. I'opulatlon about 4011. SMITH'S COHNKIIS, C. \V.,Co. Norllminberhind, Tp. .Miirrav. (Into Trenton or Ib-llevllle, on the (I. T. U. SMITH'S FALLS, C. W., Co. Lanark, Tp. North Klmnley. On the Itlver Kiileaii, wllh ateain coin- innnU'utlun from Ottawa and KlnK.iton by the Kl- ileau Canal Steaineni, and by Stage (112 nillea) direct from llrockvllle, on the (I. T. K. I'upulatlon about I.MMI. SMITHVILLE, C. W. (Hantlnga), Co. Hastings, Tp. Tliurlow. Go by Uellevlllc, on the G. T. K. Pup- ulatbin about l&i). SMITHVILLE (Lincoln), C. W., Co. Lincoln, Tp. f i *: I. * iv I Ml i • ^^^ %^^ ^ W^^ ^ "^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^/ .**% .4?^> 1.0 1.1 |10 ^^" ■■■ IT li£ 12.0 u& I M 11:25 III 1.4 ||.6 III^B lilies lllllBH ^ 6" ». <^ ^ 4\>> .^""^ Sciences Corporation •s^ :\ ^v \ < 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SS0 (716)872-4503 '% n CANADA: CITIES, T0WN8, AND VILLAOES. Orlnuhjr. Grimiby PUtlon on tht 0. VT. R., IT mllet Houth-entl of lliinilUon, on Lak* OoUrio. Populiilliin ulioul MM). ■OMBKA, V. W. A Tp. In Lkmhton Co., fronting Hirer Ht. C'lnlr, between Hiver Ht. I'UIr ind Litkr Huron, ahniit 'M nillci North-went of Chatham, a Station on the (}, W. K. Population about IflU. BOMEKtllC'r, C. K. A Town and Townihlp In Megan- tlo Co. anil a Htatlon on the (>. T. R.. Quebeo anil RIchmonil Hectlon, 47 mllei from Richmond June- Uon. ■OPIilASDURO, C. W., Co. Prince Rdward. One of the principal Tuwnthipe In tliU Cuunly, two ildei of which are aurroundud by the Kny of Qiilnte. It eontalni aomu of the Bneit land In Canada, and In •xceedlngly proineroui. The 8teamen from Belle- TlUe from the Weit, and KIngiton on the Eaat — (both KIngiton and Belleville are gtatlona on the O. T. R., Montreal and Toronto Section)— touch at Northport daily. For Viliaget and Poit-offlcei, lee Demoreitvllle, (lilbvrt'i MilU. and Northport. BORABA, 4.'. K.. Co. Biigot, Tp. Upton. Oo to Upton, on the U. T. R., 44 mllei from Montreal Popula- / tion about ISU. / flOREL, C. E. See WUUam Ilenrt. Population about 404M). B0ULANGE8, 0. fC. A Dtitrict fronting North Shore of the St. Lawrence, aiUolning tilengary in Canada Weit. In Souiangei \» the Cedars Road Station of the O. T. R., 89 mQei from Montreal. SOUTHAMPTON, 0. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. Baugeen. Southampton forma a* yet only the nucleus of a town, lituated at the mouth of the River Saugeen. Two or three hotels and stores, surrounded by several tine houses have been planted upon the sandy slope, still studded with stumps, rising gently from the shore of the lake. The sand, however, disappears before a richer soli, as you retire Into the Interior of the country. A Flour Mill and two Saw Mills stand upon the banks of the river. Hie Fisheries furnish lucrative employment for several boats' crews, particularly during the fall of the year. Beyond the river lies an "Indian Reserve," and an Indian Village, consisting of a few frame houses, inhabited by a remnant of " mild-eyed and melancholy" Red Indians, pensioned by Govern- ment, and monopolising a crescent eminence upon the banks of the meandering Saugeen, with roman- tic dells and sylvan scenery scarcely surpassed even by "winsome Yarrow." Opposite the town, and about a mile distant from the shore, lies Chantry Island, or rather Islet, on which a Lighthouse has lately been erected, and in the lee of which might be constructed a harbour of refuge for a whole navy, a scheme which rumour says, has been pro- jected In connection with a new line of railroad from (luelph, and urgently demanded by the inac- cesslhlllty of this north-west corner of the province. But considering the dangerous nature of the navi- gation through the Georgian Hay, there cannot be the least doubt that it will withdraw the traffic, at least, to the West from the Northern Railroad to Collingwood, and conduce, therefore, to the pros- perity of " The Morning Star," as Southampton may be designated from its position. 7U miles north of Goderich, 82 miles from Owen Sound. Stage dally to Owen Sound. Population about 660. SOUTH BOLTON, 0. E., Co. Browne, Tp. Bolton. Leave the train at Compton, O. T. R. Go through Charleston and Stanstead Plain— In which is George- vilie— cross by Steam Ferry to Bolton, shore of Magog Lake, and go by Stage to Bolton, one of the Eastern Townships, proverbial for fertility of soil, salubrity of climate, and the singular beauty of their scenery. SOUTH CAYUGA, 0. W., Co. Haldlmand, Tp. South Cayuga. Uo to Oanfieid Station, on the Buffalo and Lake Huron Railway. Population about 100. SOUTH CROSBY, C. W. A Tp. in Leeds Co. For Post-ofSces, Route, and Villages, see Elgin and Morton. SOUTH DOURO, C. W., Co. Peterborough, Tp. Douro. Go to Peterborough by Railway from Cobourg, on the 0. T. R. Population about 80. SOUTH DURHAM, C. S., Co. Drummond, Tp. Dur- ham. Go to Durham Station, on the G. T. R., 61 miles south-east of Montreal. Population about 100. SOUTH EASTHOPE, C. AV. A Tp. in Co. Perth. In the vicinity of the Stratford Junction Station of the Butntlo and Lake Huron Railway and O. T. R. For Post-ofllce, see Shakapeare. SOUTH KLMHLKY, C. W. A Tp. In Leeds Co. On the RIdeau Hiver. do to Brockvllie, on the G. T. R., and thence by Smith's Fulls Stage. Population about 00. SOUTH ELY, 0. E. See Ely. A Tp. in ShelTord. In the vicinity of the Richmond Junction of the U. T. R. Population about 100. SOUTH FINCH, 0. W., Co. Stormont, Tp. Finch. Go to Dickenson's Landing, on the G. T. R., a Station 9 nilleii west of Cornwall, the County Town. Pop- ulation about IM). SOUTH GLOUCESTER, 0. W./ Co. Carieton, Tp. Gloucester. Uo to Gloucester, a Station It mllet from Ottawa, on the Preacott Branch from the U. T. R. at Preacott Junction. SOUTH GOWER, 0. W. A Tp. In North Riding of Co. Grenvliie. Go to Kelly's or Osgoode Station, on the Ottawa Branch from the Prescott Junction of the G. T. R. SOUTH ORANBY, C. B. A Post-ofllce for Granb* Tp., Co. Shefford. Go to Acton, on the G. T. H. Population about 100. SOUTH HINCHINBROOKE, 0. E., Co. Huntingdon, Tp. iltnchlnbrooke. Go to llendngrnrd, 41 miles from Montreal, a Station on the Montreal and Plattsburg Railway. SOUTH MARCH, C. W. A Poat-offlce in March Tp., Co. Carieton. On South Shore of Ottawa River, opposite Aylmer East. Go to Ottawa City from Preacott Junction of the 0. T. R., by Ottawa Rail- way. SOUTH MONAGHAN, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Northum- berland, West Riding. Go to Trenton on the U. T. R. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, 0. W. A Post-offlce in Moun- tain Tp., Dundas Co. Oo to Matilda Station on the G. T. R., 9 miles west of Kingston and 1U4 east of Montreal. Population about 100. SOUTH POTTON, C. E., Co. Brome, Tp. Potion. For route from Compton Station of tlie G. T. R. See South Bolton. SOUTH KOXTON, C. E., Co. Shefford, Tp. Roxton. Go to Acton on the G. T. R,, 49 miles from Mon- treal. SOUTH WE8TMEATH, C. W., Co. Renfrew, Tp. Weatmeath, fronting the River Ottawa, South Shore, adjacent to Pembroke. The Pembroke and Brock- vllie Railway will Intersect the Tp. Go to Aylmer East, and see Aylmer East for route. SOUTHWOLD, C. W., Co. Elgin. A Tp. skirted on th« west by the London and Port Stanley Hallway, and fronting Lake Erie on the south. Uo to St. Thomas West, which see. For Post-olHces within the Tp., see Fingal and Taibotvllle Royal. SOUTH KORRA, 0. W., Co. Oxford, Tp. Zorra. Go to Woodstock on the G. W. R., about 4T mllet west of Hamilton City. SPARTA, C. W., Co. Elgin, Tp. Yarmouth. In the vicinity of London and Port Stanley Branch Rail- way from London, G. W. R. Go to St. Thomas West. SPENCER COVE,C. E.,Co. Quebec, In vicinity of the City. Go to Point Levi Terminus of the 0. T. R. Population about 2000. SPENCERVILLE, 0. W. A Village and Post-offlce in Edwardsburg, Co. Grenville. Go to Edwardsburg Station on the ti. T. R., 9 miles east of Prescott Junction. Population about 160. SPIKE'S CORNERS. See Harrowsmlth. SPRING ARBOUR, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Walslng- ham, on Lake Erie. Go to Simcoe. See SImcoe, 0. W., for route. Population about 800. SPRINGFORD, C. W., Co. Oxford, Tp. Norwich. Go to Woodstock on the G. W. R. SPRINUVILLE, C. W., Co. Durham, Tp. Cavan. Go to Port Hope on the G. T. R„ 62 miles west of To- ronto, and thence by Port Hope and Lindsay Rail- way, partially open to Omemee. Population about 100. STAFFORD, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Renfrew, adjacent to Pembr«ke, on Upper Ottawa, South Shore. See Aylmer East for route. The Railway to Pembroke will pass very near this Township. STAMFORD, C. W., Co. Welland. Co. Town and Tp. in Niagara District. A Station on the Branch RaU- way from Niagara to Chippewa, 10 miles from Niag- I ara, and T from Chippewa. CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. m BTANBKIDOK RABT, C. E., Co. MliiliqunI, T] bridge. Un to ('ani|itnii, V, R., on tl. l' x ■iorwtch. Oo Blan- Miin- trcaf ■nd I'ortlitnd Hecllon, or to Ht. John'i hn the ('linnipUIn tnd Ht. I.awrance Itallway, hetw«i-ii which two Ktationi thcro ii a line iif ^'tnge• three time* a week through Htanbrldge, Uunhnni, Urume, lldllDii, and (luorgevijle. l'o|iiilatlon alHiiK 'i&<). HTANIIKIIXIK, V. K. He« Btaiibrldge Kaat and Bed- ford III •nine Tp. BTANDON, C. K. A Tp. In Dorchester, 6n Km% Shore of the I'haudlire Itlvcr, bunlurlnK llelleoliHiiAe Co. The Chaudlttru Junction on U. T. It. U about U6 mllet illiitant. I'opulatlcni about Wl BTANKOLU, V. E. A Tp. In ArtliabikKka : a Station un the U. T. It., fiA mllei from I'oint Levi (Quebec), and 41 mllei from KIchiuoiid Junction. 8TANLKY, C. W. A T|>. In Co. Huron, of which Bay- Beld Ii the principal Poit-ofUce and Village. Bee alto Briiceflelil. BTANLKY'B MILLS, 0. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Ctitngua- oousy. Oo to Brampton on the U, T. It. Popula- tion about inil. 8TANSTIA0, 0. E. A Tp. and Town In Co. of (BinR name, containing llalley, llHrnxton, iind Stnn- •tcad, on the Bordere of the State of Vermont, three of the beat Townahlpii In the Kiutern Province. Oo to Compton OD the U. T. K., IIU nillea aouth-eaat of Montreal. BTKPIIEN, C. W. A Tp. In Huron, fronting Lake Huron. The Moderlcli Stage from London, ('. W. ; Ilnmllton and Windsor Line, and the St. Mary'a Blaiiahard, which ace, olTer the beat mode of com- munication. For Poat-olDce, see Kxeter. BTKVKNSVILLR, 0. W., Co. Welland, Tp. Bertie, near dhore of Lake Krie. Uo to Port Erie, Canadian Ter- mInuB of the ButTulo and Lake Huron Itallway, Population about 15(). STIRLING, V. W., Co. Ilaatlnga, Tp. Rnwdon. Go to Belleville on the (>. T. It., 118 milea eaat of To- ronto and 280 weat of Montreal, and thence by Stage. Stage alto from Madoc, Population about IIHK). BTITTSVILLE, C. W., Co. Carleton, Tp. Ooulhurn. North Oagnnde, on the Oltuwa and Preacott Junc- tion, III miles from Uttnnn City, uppeara to be the nearest Station, do to I'rescott Junction (for Ot- tawa Hallway) on the U. T. It. Population about fit). 8T0C0, 0. W., Co. Hnattnga, North Riding, Tp. Ilun- gerford. North of Nupanee and Tyenilouaga on the O. T. R., Montreal and Toronto Section. Nap- anee most eligible for Stage connection. Papula- tion ahnut AO. STONEIIAM, C. E. A Tp. in Quebec Co., north-eatt of the City about 19 milea. Go to Point Levi on the O. T. It. STONEY CREEK, C. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Salt- fleet, on Lake Ontario. Go to Ontario Station, about 11^ milea aouth-weat of Hamilton, on the G. W. K. Population about 201). BTOKNOWAY, 0. E., Co. Compton, Tp. Winalow, about 85 miles east of Itichmond Junction of the G. T. R. Sherbrooke la the most eligible Station for Stage connection. Population about 100. STOltUlNOTON, C. W., Co. Frontenac. A Tp. north of Pliillsburg. Go to Kingston City on the (J. T. R., and thence by RIdeau Canal Steamers or Plattsburg Stage. BTOTTVILLE, C. E., St. John'a. Try St. John's, 21 miles from Montreal, on C'immplain and St. Law- rence Itallway, Population about AO. STOUFFVILLE, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Whitchurch. Go by Stage from Toronto City, at 2^ P. M. daily, from Black llorae Inn, front at., or by Stage from Scarboro Station at 4^. StoufTviiie Is also within 12 milea east of the Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Rail- way, Aurora, King, or Newmarket Statloiu. Popu- lation about 6(M). STRABANE, C. W., Co. Wentworth, North Riding, Tp. Flamboro West. Go to Hamilton on the G. W, R. Population about 20U. srRAFFORDVILLE, V. W., Co. Elgin, Tp. Bayham. Near Lake Erie, about 20 miles west of St. Thomas West, on London and Port Stanley Junction of the O. W. It., connect^ig at London, C. W, Population about 401). STRATFORD, C. W., Co, Perth, Tp. South Easthope. The Terminus of the G. T. R., 80 miles north-west of Toronto, 82 miles from the Paris Station, on the O. W. R., u well M on the Bulhio and Lak* Huron Kali. Stage connection with Goderlch, St. Mary't, •nd London, C. W. BTRATHBUHN, 0. W., Co. Middlesex, We«t Riding, Tp. MiHia. «lo to Ekfrid Station on the U. W. K., 20 mile* weal, 0. W. BTKATIIHOV, C. W., Co. Middlesex, Tp. Carradoo. Go to Mount llrydget in tame Township, a Station on the G. W, H., U> mile* weit of London, U, W. Population about 400. STREIT8VILLC, C. W., I'o. Peel, Tp. Toronto. Oo by Stage direct from Toronto City (General Wolfe Inni daily, at 2 P. M., or by Stage from Port Credit Station, on the G. W. R., 12 milea weat of Toronto. Population about 2&«H). 8TUKELY, 0. E. A Tp. In ShelTord. About 12 milea weat of Sherbrooke Station, on the G, T. H., 26 miles aouth of Rluhmond Junction. SULLIVAN, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Grey, Go to Col- llngwood by the Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Rail- way from Toronto, and thence by Cunuiliidi Steamer to Uwen Sound, and thence by Stage about 12 milea aouth-weat. 8UMMEKST0WN, 0. W., Co. Glengary, Tp. Char- iottenburg. A Station on the 0. T, R., S milea east of Cornwall, and 00 from Montreal, Population about SO, 8UMMERVILLE, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp, Toronto. In the vicinity of Toronto City, Go to Port Credit, 12 nillea on the Hamilton and Toronto Section of G, W, It., or by Cookavllle Stage, daily from Toronto, Population about 100. 8UNNIUALE, C. W, A Tp, and Station on the SIm- coe, Ontario, and Huron Railway, 79 milea from Toronto, BUl'IIERLAND'S CORNERS, C, W., Co. Lambton, Tp. Euplieinin. Go to Newbury, on the . Mc(»ntlo. An«w Poat-offlce. TAMWOUTII, i;. W., Co. Addtniton, Tp. Bhcfflvld. H«e " Krvo Uriiiila," Tamworth !• ont of lh« pUcM on the route frciin Khipton to Na|iw>«t, on the U. T. R. I'ltpultttlon about 4<)0. TANNKItr VIK»T, V. B. On the lile of Montreal (llncheiaaa UlvUloo). Go to Montreal ('Ity by U. T, l{. or Bteamer, TAFLKVTUWN, 0, W., Co. Wentworth, Bonth Riding, Tp. BaltReet. Uo to (Intarlci, ou the 0. W. R., about lii mllee from Hamilton City. Population about TATLO<'K, C. W.. Co. Unark, Tp. Darling. About liO mllei north of Peru, to whiun go by stage from Brockvllle, on the (i. T. H. The Arnprlor liallway will iiiieii thli dUtrlut, and li now In prngreu. TBI UMHKTII, 0. W. A Tp. In BImcoe, South Riding, about 6 nillea Weit of Bradford, to which Htatlon BO by the Ontario, Hlmooe, and Huron Rail from Toronto. TBtSWATER, 0. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. Culroa. Go to Guelph, on the U.T. II., Toronto and Htrutford Sec- tion, and thence by Gnrafraxa Road North. TEMPLKTON, U. B. A Tp. In Ottawa Co. Oppoilte the City of Ottawa, on the North tOiore, near con- fluence of Giitlneau anil Ottawa Riven. Oo to Preicott Junction, on the U. T. R., and thence by Ottawa Railway. TEMPLBTON, 0. B. Jamee Hogan, Poitmaater, Inn- keeper, and Trader. Gatlneau Point. TEOHAUTA, C. B. In Selgnory of Deauhamoli, on South Shore of 8t. Lawrence. Go to Lachlne and orou to CaughnawBga or BeauharnoU ; la about 10 milea weat of the Railway (Montreal and Plattt- burg Line). TIRRCBONNE, C. E. A Town and Selgnory op- poalte lale of Jeaua, on North Shore of the Bt. Law- rence. Go to Montreal, and (hence about SIO mllea. Population about 1-lflO. TETK DIT BOl'LK, 0. B. A Mountain Peak 800 feet high, about one niUe from Tadouaac, from whence may be aeen one of the moat wild and magnificent ▼lewa the Saguenay alTorila. TBVIOTUALK, C. W., Co. Wellington, North Riding, Tp. MInto. Go to Guelph, on the O. T. R., and thence North by Stage. THAMBSrORD, C. W.,Co. Oxford, North Riding, Tp. Baat MUaouri. Go to Edwardaburg, on the G. w. R, 10 mllei eaat of London, C. W, Population about AUO. TIIAMK8VILLE, 0. W., Co. Kent, Tp. Cnmden. A Station on the O. T. It., 40 nillea weat of London, 0. W. Population about 800. TIII8TLBT0N, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Btoblcoke. Go to Weaton, on the G. T. R., milea out of Toronto, Toronto and Stratford Section, or by Stage at Si dally, from Wolfe Inn, Church atreet, which goea through Btoblcoke. Population about 100. TH0MA8BURG, C. W., Co. Haatlngi, North Riding, Tp. Hungerford. Go to Napanee, on G. T. R. THORAH, C. W., Co. Ontario. A Tp. In which are Beaverton and Porcaatle, elaewhere referred to, which aee. THORNBURY, C. W., Co. Grey, Tp. Collingwood. Go to Collingwood, on Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron Railway, OS mllea from Toronto. Population about 180. THORNHILL, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Markham. Daily Stage ft-om Toronto City, Beat's Bay Horae, Tonge atreet, at 8J P. M., also Railway by Ontario, Simcoe, and Huron. From Toronto 14 milea. Pop- ulation about TOO. THORNTON, C. W., Co. Simcoe, Tp. Innlafll. Lefroy and Cralgvale are both Statlona In Innlafll Tp., on the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway. Popula- tion about is. THOROLO, C. W. A Town and Tp. In Welland Co. A Station on the G. W. R., 9i milea from Niagara, and about 84^ from Hamilton. Population about 8000. THORPVILLE, C. W., Co. Wellington, North Riding, Tp. NIcol. Go to Guelnh on the G. T. R. THREE RIVERS, 0. E. Nearly half-way between Montreal and Quebec ; a Town at the mouth of the St. Maurice from the north, and the Becanconr on the South, aituated on the North Shore of the St. Lawrence. A Tp., Corporate, and Electoral Diatrict. Thli wti formerly the aeat of government. The Cataract of Hhawlnnegamme la about 'ifl milae up the St. Maurice, anil la an oliject of great intereat, aa are the lumbering eatahllahnienta aprung up of late with the opening of the St. Maurice country. Go by Steamer from Quebec or Montreal. Popula- tion about TOUO. THURLOW, 0. W. A Tp. in lludnga Co. Go to Belleville on the G. T. R. THURBO, a B., Co. «)ttawa, Tp. Lochaber, on th* North tthore of the Ottawa River, fronting the river, about m mllea below Ottawa City, Go by Steamert ftrom Montreal. Bee also Ottawa City. Population about 300. TILBURY BAST, 0. W. A Tp. In Kent. Oo to Bap- tUte Creek on the G. W. R., 81 mllea eaat of Wind- aor. Population about fiO. TILBURY WB8T, C. W. A Tp. In Kaaex Co. For Poet-offlce, route, etc., aee Comber and Tilbury Baat, (adjoining Townahip). TINQUICK, 0. B. A Tp. In Arthabaaka. Go to Dann- vllle on the 0. T. R., 13 miles from Richmond. TRING, 0. W. A Tn. in North Hiding of Simcoe Co., fronting the Georgian Bay. For Towna, Poat-offlcea, and route, aee Penetangulahene and Lafontalne. TOLEDO, V. W., Co. Leeila, Tp. KItley. Go to Brock- vllle on the G. T. It. Population about ITS. TORONTO GORB. See Gore of Toronto. TORONTt), 0. W., Co. Peel. A Tp. in vicinity and weat of Toronto City. Bee Credit, Cookavllle, Sum- mervllle, BtreetsvlUe, Bheridan, and Derry West for Post-offlces, etc. / TORONTO, 0. W., Co. York, Upper Canada, and / seat of government. For full Informadon and views ' of Toron(o, see elsewhere. T0WN8BND, 0. W. A Tp. In Norfolk Co. For Routes, Villages, and Poat-offlcea, aee Bloomaburg, Boaton, C. W^, Ilartford, Rockford, Vlllanova, and Waterford. TRAFALGAR, C. W. A Tp. In Halton Co. Go to Bronte In the aame Tp., a Station on the O. W. R., 184 mllea from Hamilton City. TRECASTLB, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Wallace. Go to Stratford on the G. T. R. Wallace Tp. Ilea about S8 mllea north. THEN HOLM, C. E. , Co. Drummond, Tp. KIngaey. Go to Dunnvllle on G. T. R. TRENTON, C. W., Co. Northumberland, Tp. Mur- ray. A Station on the O. T. R,, (near the mouth of the River Trent,) 12 mllea weat of Belleville tnd 101 eaat of Toronto. TRING, G. B. A Tp. In Beauce, about 25 mllea eaat of Arlhahoaka Station on the O. T. R, 82 milea from Richmond Junction. TRUI8 PISTOLES, 0. E. A Tp. in Temlacouata. A Port on South Shore of St. Lawrence, about 110 milea below St. Thomas Eaat. The Intended Terml- nua of the St. Andrew'a (New Brunawick) and Wood- stock Railway, forming ii direct line by connection with the G. T. R., from Quebec to the Atlantic, en- tirely through British Territory. Population about 8000. TR018 8AUMON8, C. E., Co. L'lalet. See Bt. Jean Port JoU. TROY, 0. W., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Beverley. Go to Copetown Station, on the G. W. R., 18 milea weat of Hamilton City. Populatloi; about 200. TULLAMORE, C. W., Co. Peel, Tp. Toronto Gore. Go to Weaton or Malton, on the G, T. R. Popula- tion about 100. TURNBERRY, C. W. A Tp. In Huron Oo. In which la Belmore Post-office. Go to Mitchell by Stage from the Stratford Junction of the O. T. R., and BuDRtlo and Lake Huron Rati, and thence north through Logan and Gre.v, or to Guelph, on the G. T. R., Toronto and Stratford Section, and thence through Arthur, Mount Forest, etc., by Stage. TUSCARORA, C. W., Co. Brant, Eaat Riding, Tp. On- ondaga. Go to Onondaga Station, on the BuiTalo and Lake Iluron Rail, 16 mllea south of Paris Junc- tion. TWEED, "C. W., Co. Hastings, North Riding, Tp. Hungerford. Go to Napanee or Tyendlnaga, on the G. T. R., and then north. Population about 800. TWO MOUNTAINS, C. E. Opposite the Isle of Mon- treal, on the St. Lawrence. In which are Point Bux Anglnis, St. Benoit, and St. Joseph du Lac. TYENDONAGA, C. W. A Tp. In Hastings Co., In mtnt. The 'in mllH up eat Intcrnl, iirung up or lev onuntry. tl. Popula- Co, Uo to iber, on th* ng III* river, by Hteamera i'opuUtlon Oo to Dap* ut of Wind- i«x Co. Por and Ttlbur.r Oo to D»nn< hmund. f Minooe Co., , I'oat-offlcee, Hrontalne. Uo to Urock- i 1T6. vicinity and ikiivllle, Sum- erry Weil for Canada, and ]/' lonandvUwa ' ilk Co. For Bloomiburg, lllanova, and n Co. Oo to the 0. W. R., illace. Go to Pp. Ilei about KIngsey. Go nd, Tp. Mur- the mouth of svllle nnd 101 miles eut ! mllei from ilscouata. A , about 110 elided Terml- and Wood- connection Atluntlo, en- alatlon about See St, Jean CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. n riey. Go to mllei west 200. oronto Gore. , R. Popula- In which ell by Stage T. R,, and whence north >h, on the O. and thence Stage, ding, Tp. On- the BuO'alo ' Parte Junc- Rldlng, Tp. mdlnaga, on ilatlon about ( iBle of Mon- :h are Point I du Lac. lings Co., In which ar« DleMlngton, MaryivllU, and Helroie Vlllageii, with Pnat-offlcei, which ■••. Tytndlnaga b H Ktatlun un the U. T, R., 84 mllei west of Kluga- tun, anil III nillea eait of liellevlUc. TVItCUNNKLIi, (\ W., Co. KIgIn, West Riding. Tp. Uuiiwlch, A Village and I'nrt un Lake Krie, about I'i miles went of Port Stanley, to which go by the U, W. R. to London, an»ii Mtnnley Une. Population about lUM). UNIU.NVILLi;, 0. W., Co. York, Kaat Riding, Tp. Markham. Oo by Stouffville Stage from Toronto. See Markham. UPTON, C. E,, Co. Dagot. For Post-offlce, see Soraba. A Station on the U. T. R,, 48 miles south-east of Montreal, USUURNK, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Huron. For Post- olBce, see Devon. Go to Stratford, on the U, T, R., or by the Buffalo and Lake llurim ilullway. UTICA, 0. W., Co. Ontario, Tp. Reach. About 20 miles north of Whitby and Oshawa, both Statloni on the U. T. R. Population about fio. UXBRIUUB, C. W, A Tp. In Ontario Co. North of Pickering. Uo to Port Whitby, JU miles east of To- ronto. Population about fioo. TALCARTIER, 0. E. A Tp. In Quebec Co, Go to Point Levi, (juebec, O. T. U., on South Shore of St. Lawrence, VALLGNTY NE, C. G., Co.OnUrlo, Tp. Brock. About 86 miles north of Port Whitby, to which go by U. T. R. VALLKYFIGLO, C. E, In Beauharnols. Uo to Caughnawaga, opposite Lachlne, by Montreal and Pluttsburg Railway, and Ferry, thence west. Pop- ulation about 4011, VANKLCCK HILL.O. W.,Co.Prescott,Tp. Ilawkes- bury. Un South Shore of Lower Ottawa River. Uo by Steamer to and from Ottawa and Montreal. Population about 600, VARGNNGS, C. E. In Verchcres. On South Shore of St. Lawrence. Uo to St. ililulre, on the 0. T, R., 17 miles from Montreal, Population about 1000. VANDREUIL, C. E. A District bounded by Sou- langes on the west, and by the Rivers Ottawa and St. Lawrence at their confluence, In which te Van- dreull, 0. T. R. Station, Montreal and Tiiroiito Sec- tion, U miles went of Montreal. Pop. about fiOO. VGRULAM, C. W., Co. Victoria. A Tp. north of Emily. Oo to Lindsay by Port Hope Railway, from Port Hope 6'i miles west of Toronto, on U. T. R. For Post-office, etc., see Bobcaygeon. VERNOSVILLE, C. W., Co. Northumberland, Tp. Haldtmand. Uo to Grafton, on the U. T. R., 7 miles east of Cobourg. Population about 70. VESPRA, G. W. A Tp. In SImcoe, In which te the Co. Town of Barrie and Apton Post-office. Go to Bar- rle, which see. VICTORIA CORNERS, C. W,, Co. Ontario, Tp. Reach. Uo to Whitby, on U. T. It., i9 miles east of Toronto. Population about 60. VICTORIA SQUARE, C. W., Co. York, Tp. Markham, which see. Population about 200. VIENNA, Co. Glgln, East Hiding, Tp. Bayham, near Shore of Lake Erie. Uo to Parte Junction by O. W. R., or Buffalo and Lake Huron, and thence by road to Norwich. Population about HOG. VILLAXOVA, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. Townsend. Oo to Brantford, on the Buffalo and Lake Huron Rail- way. Population about KN). VITTORIA, C. W., Co. Norfolk, Tp. CharlottevUle. Oo to SImcoe by Stage from Brantford, on the Buf- falo and Lake Huron, and on by road. Population about 500. VROOMANTON, C. W,, Co. Ontario, Tp. Brock. See Brock. Population about SO. w WAINn.EBT, Oo. Welland. A Tp. (with MarshvlIU and Walnfleet Centre for Post-offices), bordering Lake Erie, and a Station on the Buffalo and Lake Huron Hallway, 2A mllvs North-west of liufftelo and Fort Erie, and bU miles from Purls Junction. Popu- lation about At). WAKKFIGLO, C. E. A Tp. In Ottawa Co. On tha North Shore of the Ottawa River, near the Oatlneau River, about 20 miles from Teinulelon, which se«. See also Ottawa for route. Population about lOM, WALLACE, 0. W. A Tp. in Co. Perth, do to Uurlph, on the U. T. R., and thence by Uarafraxa Road — lays on the ii^ft of Arthur Tp., about M miles north of Ouelph. WALLACEBURO, 0. W., Co. Lambton, Tp. Sombra, Chatham or the U. W. R. is the nearest Railway Station. The Village Is situated on the " Chenall Ecarte," the name given to the Chaimel which separates the Walpole Inland from the main HIver at the Mniilh of the ». In Hdlfii ( o. Ahout 'ill nillci ciul of th« Junction mHllou at l(U'huionl nilh'D rriiin llunillton City. l'o|mlatlun ahout 'Hxt. WEI,Li:il'H IIA V, t'. W. Un Laku Uutarlo, t)«« Con- ■rcon, l'rlno« Kilwaril Co., C. W. WKLLMhKV, C. W. A Tii. In Waterloo, North Hill- ing, In whkh U iltuate Uurlln, a Station of the 0. T. K., *Vi nillei from Toronto City. WKMJNtlTON, V. W., Co. I'rince Kilwnnl, Tp. Mil- llcr, fronlliiK l,iiki> Untarlo. do to llrlghton, on the O. T. It., anil tliencu by Htagw to Conieuoii. Popu- lation iihoiit m>. WELLINQTON SQUARI, 0. W., Co. Halton.Tp. Nelion. HItuuteil on the open Lake outalile Uur- llngton Day. Thin place formi the Winter Port for Hamilton; It li a Station un the l>. W. K., T lullei from Hanilllon. I'opuliitlon about 7A0. WKIJ.MAN'M CUUNKltfl, C. W., Co. Ilaitlngn, North Killing. Til. Uawdon. (lo to Billuvlllu.on the U. T. It., ami thence north of t*lilney Tp. WK8T AllKAN, C. W., Co. Ilruoe, Tp. Arran. Ai^a cent to tfauKeeii. Hee Haugeen fur route. ViKUt UOLTUN, C. K., Co. llrome. gee Bolton ur route. Population about lUO. WKST'S COKNEKI:*, C. W., Co. Perth, Tp. Morning: ton. Hee Mornlngton. WKOT KHXA, U. W., Co. PImcoe, South Riding, Tp. Vm.i. Kimn li a Hlatlon on the Untiirlo, SImcue, and Huron Kitllwiiy, 71 mllei from Toronto. >VK»T 11 ATI.KY, C. E. Un the MaHsiiwIppI Lake, Co. HtaiiBtiMiil, Tp. Hatley. Cliarleiiton In thin Tp. U A miles friim Compton Btatloo, on the (i. T. It., IIU nillcB from Montreal. VfKUT FAUNIIA.M, 0. E., Co. Mlialiquol, Tp. Farn- hain. The Stage route from Compton, on the U. T. K., Montreal and Tonmlo Section through llrome, liultun, etc , to tit. John's, C. K., affords communica- tion. Karnliam Tp. Is about 4A miles from Comp- ton, and 15 nitles from St. John's, C. K. Population about TiH). WK8TKIKI.I), C. W , Co. Huron, Tp. Wawanosh. See Wawanosh. WEST FLAMBOROUOH, C. W., Co. Wentvorth, North Rilling. Qo to FlamborouBh Station, on the U. W. It., 7} miles west of Hamilton City. Popu- lation about .^«H). WEST IIUNTINUDON, 0. W., Co. Hastings. See Huntingdon, WEST HUNTLEY, C. W., Co. Carleton, Tp. Huntley, which see. WEST M'UILLIVRAT, C. W., Co. Huron. Bee M'GII- llvray. WE8T.MEATI1, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Renfrew. On the South Shore of the Utiawa River, close to Pem- broke, on the line of the Railway Extension from Arnprlor to Pembroke. For Upper Uttawu, see Aylmer East. WEST.M1XSTER, 0. W. A Tp. In Middlesex, South of liondon City, on the Branch Railway from London to Port Sarnia, For Post-oOlces, etc., see Byron nnil Lambeth. WESTON, C. W., Co. York, West Riding, Tp. York. Between the 0. T It. and the Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Railway In the vicinity of Toronto. The U. T. R. Station, Toronto and Stratford Section, Is miles from Toronto, and the Ontario, SImcoe, and Huron Station 8 miles. WESTOVKIt, C. \V., Co. Wentworth, Tp. Beverley. Lynden Station loj miles and west of Hamilton City, on the U. W. II. is in the same Township. Population about IftO. WEST OSGOOKE, V. W., Co. Carleton. See Osgoode. WEST PORT, C. W., Co. Leeds, Tp. North Crosby. Uo to Kingston, on the O. T. R., or to Oananoque, on same Railway Section. Population about ikM). WEST SHEFFOltD, C.E. See ShelTord. Population about 15U. I- »i ir / b v'wi WEST WINCIIESTKH, C. W. Ree WInoliwttr. fop* ulallon about I'liu. WEST WO«)LWICII, ('. W. He* Woolwich. WHITBY, C. W. A Tp. In Ontario Co., In which to the Town and Port of Whitliy, on Lake Ontario—* Main and Teligraph Station of the U. T. K., W miles eut of Toronto City. WHITCHCRCH. C. W. A Tp. In Co. York, North Hiding, skirted on the west by the Ontario, Sltncoe, and Huron Hallway, In which are the Towns and Hallway Stallons and I'lmt-ottlct's of Aurora and Newmarket; also Posl-olUres and Towns of Oak- ridgi's and Pine River and Stoiiirvllle, which see. WHITEHALL, V. VI., Co. Kent, Tp. Camden. Oo to llothwell, 40 miles west of London, on the O. W. H. WHITE LAKE, C. W., Co. Renfrew, T|>. M'Nab. For Upper Ottawa route, see Aylmer l^sl— this place being near FItiroy Harbour and Arnprlor, the Ter- minus of the Hallway now being constructed from Brockvllle through Perth. Populallon about ISO. WHITFIELD, «'. W., Co. SImcoe, South Hiding, Tp, Mulmur, which see. WHITWOHTH, C. E., Co. Temlscouata. For Poat- otllce, see St. Modeate ; for route, etc., see Trola Pis- toles. WICK, 0. W., Co. Ontario, Tp Brock. See Brook. WIUUEK, C. W.,('o. Lauibton, Tp. Boiiani|uet front- ing the South Shore of Lake Huron, un line of (>. T. R. Extension lo Port Sarnia. Uo to Stratford by U. T. R. on Buffalo and Lake Huron Hallway. Popu- lallon about lIM). WILKESPOItT, C. W., Co. Lambtnn, Tp. Sombra. On 'liver SI. Claire, north of the Lake. See Wallace- , liurg- / WILLIAM HENRI or SOREL, C. E., Co. HIchelleu.V On the right bank of the River Richelieu at Its con- fluence with the St. Lawrence, 4(1 or 4fi miles below klontreal. Oo hy Steamers to and from Quebec and Montreal. By means of a canal, navigation from hence Is uninterrupted to Lake Cnaiuplaln. Popu- lation about 4UUl>. WILLIAMS. A Tp. In Middlesex, Middlesex Co., West Riding, adjoining Lambton. For route, see Adelaide. See also London, C. W., which ii the nearest railway point. WILLIAMSIIURU, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Dundaa, which Is the Williamsburg Station of the 0. T. K., Montreal and Toronto Secllon, 90 miles from Montreal, and 88 miles west of Biockvllle. For Post-ofHces and Villages wllhin It, see Dunbar and East Wllliamf- l>urg. Population about 2110. WILLIAMSTOWN, Co. (llengary, Tp. Charlottenburg. Uo to Summerstown Station In the same Township on the U. T. K., S miles east of Cornwall and 110 miles from Montreal City. Populallon about 8U0. W1LLI8CR0FT, C. W., Co. Bruce, Tp. Eldersley. Bee Paisley. WILL0CK8, 0. W.,Co. Victoria, Tp. Verulam. Go to Llnilsay from Port Hope on the U. T. H. by Branch Railway, and thence about 12 miles north. Popu- lation about 60. WILLOUIillllY, C. W. A Tp. In Welland Co. For Post-olllce, see Black Creek. Uo to Fort Erie on the BulTaln and Lake Huron Railway. WILLOWDALE, C. W., Co. York, West Riding, Tp. York, (Query Vaughan,) tn the vicinity of Toronto, on the Vonge Street Road. Uo by Thornhlll Stage from Toronto. Population about ISO. WILMOT, C. W., Co. Waterloo, South Riding. A Tp. In which Is the Petersburg Station of the O. T. R., 'Toronto and Stratford Section, 70 miles north-west of Toronto. For Villages and Post-ofllces, see Baden, New Dundee, New Hamburg, Phlllpsburg West, PetersburR, and St. Vrtatlm. WILTON, C. W., Co. Addlnfc.oi;, Tp. Einestown. Oo to Ernestown on the U. T. R., 8 miles west of Kings- ton. WINCHESTER, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Diindas. Go to Williamsburg on the 0. T. It., 00 miles from Mon- treal. Populallon about BOO. WINDHAM and WINDHAM CENTRE, 0. W. A Tp. (Windhara Centre being the Post-olHce) In Co. Nor- folk. Go to Paris or Brantford on the BulTulo and Lake Huron Railway, thence by SImcoe Stages through Waterford. WINDSOR, c;. E. A Town In Sherbrooke District, and a Station on the G. T. R,, miles south of llicbmoud Junction. CANADA: CITIES, TOWNS, AND VILLAGES. n .V Qoto ' Branch Popu- WINDIOR, C. W , Co. Rh(I, Tp. PanawleK. The I'anatlUn TcrinlniK nf t)i« . T. H., Monlr«al and Toronto Hcctlnn. WIMBKACII, V. Vv., Co. Unibton, In Warwick Tp. which •«•. WOUUIIN, 0, W., Co. York, Kait Riding, Tp. Scar- borough, do to Hoarborough Blatlon on tna U. T. H., 14 iiiIIm WMt nf Toronto. WULVe IHI.ANU, C. W., Oo. rronttnao. On tha Bl. I M. Peter (Itivi'r H. Lawrriire), a little east of lUvitre du l.ouu en haiit, on the Klver Mnchiile. B«« St. Maurice Territory. Population about KNM). YAMABKA, V. E. A Town and Dlslrirt on South Bhora of Lake Ht. Peter, near Port Francis. The River Prani'ls divides Vumaska Into nearly cnuni portions. Bee St. Zephlrim, Bt. Antolns and Port St. rrancts. Population about 40<). YAHMOUTII, 0. W., Co. Elgin. A Tn. fronting Laka Erie, on London and Port Btnnlev Line. For Piist- olHcea, Towns, and Railway Blntlons within It, sea Mapleton. New Barum, Port Stanley, Sparta, St. Thomas West, anil Union. YONOE, C. W. A Tp. In Leeds County. Skirted on the south by the (I. T. H., In which is Miillorytown Station on the 0. T. U., Montreal and Toronto Sec- tion, 12 miles west of Ilrockvllle. For Pimt-ofllcra and Towns, see Mallory town, Calntown, Escott, and Farmenvllle. YORK, C. W., Co. Ilaldimand, Tp, Seneca. A Town on the Orand Klver. (lo to Culeilnniu, on the Buf- falo and Lake Iluron Knilway. Pop. nhout 4IH). YORK, U. W. A Tl>, in Co, York, in the vicinity of Toronto City, The Station of that name about 6 miles west of Toronto, near Daiiforth, is closed, Weston Is in this Township, with two Stations, one on the O. T. R,, Toronto and Stratford Hectinn, ami the other on the (Northern) Ontario, BImcoe, and Iluron Railway, For Post-ufflces, see L'AniRrnux, Egllnton (A miles up Yonge street), and Wlllowdala and York .Mills. YORK MILLS, 0. W., Co. York, formerly Ilogg'a Hollow. Oo by Thornhill Stnge, dniiy at )H P. M. YORKVILLB, 0. W. A Buburl) of Toronto, coio- menchig at the Northern City Boundary, vis., the north side of Bloor street, about 1^ miles from Queen street Omnlliiis from King street every even hour. Population about 2UUU. z ZETLAND, C. W., Co. Huron. A Post-offlce In Turn- berry, which see. Population about 60. ZIMMKK.MAN, C. W., Co. Halton.Tp. Nelson. Oo to Wellington Square, on the G. W. R., 7 miles west of Hamilton. Population about OO. ZONE, C. W. A Tp. In Kent Co. Oo to Dothwell, on the O. W. R., Hamilton and Windsor Section, about BU miles west of Loudon, C. W. ZOKRA WEST, C. W. A Tp. In Co. Oxford, North Riding, near the line of the O. W. K. For Route, Post-offlce, etc., see Embro, Falrview, and Harring- ton West. ZORRA EAST, 0. W. A Tp. In Co. Oxford, North Riding, near the line of the G. W. R. For Route, Post-offices, etc., see Innersklp. ZURICH, 0. W., Co. Huron, Tp. Hay. On Shore of Lake Huron. Go to Bianshard, St. Mary's, or Stratford, by the G, W. R,, or BuOTalo and Lake Huron Hallway, and thence by Stage, >wn. Oo )f Kings- Go to om Mon- ATp. Co. Nor- ITalo and e Stages xict, and Ichmond 78 AYLMER, 0. B.— BATH, 0. W. I I I I J AYLMER, 0. E. Th« chl<>r town in tha County of OtUw*. Townihlp of Hull, fttnatfil on th« rhau<1ler« Lake, 8 oiIIm AboT* Utt«w«. A tlirlvloK town, ooutaliilng Mvcral lumlxir uiul)lli>uu«nt% A it«g« rum to and from Uttawit tUtly. Fare, !li. Adl Population, about 10<)0. ButlacM Directory* f\ ^^,^>x>/' Adro«at«.— John Delltl*. Adrocate. — J. It. Fleming, Advocate, — Tlioma* McCord. ' Aylrner llotul.— Uutnlnlck Fox. (Saaadrcr- tli«ment.) Aylmtr Timu Nowtpaper. (Hea advartUa- inent.) Bookioller, Htatlonar, and rublUhar.— Wm. Allen. (Hue advertlncnipnt) General Htnre. — John A Wni. McLean. Oenoral Htore.— T. 1). I'reutlML (!!iee advar- ti lament.) WILLIAM ALLAN, BOOKSELLER & STATIONER, AND |hibli«l)(r of tl)e ^Qlmer Simet, Agnt tn Britiah^Amwleaa Trindly loeifltj, Britisliuohvi Into tha lUy of (Julntd. It U tliti clilvf town of the cotintv, Mnd • |«>rt of •ntry, doing • conslilnraltlo IxinlnuM In Import*, and «l«o In th« MjMrt oflunibor, flwur, and Othar aKi'ii'ultural prodiiuc, lupplltxl liv varlou* umnufHoturlng oitablUhnianta In tha ualgh- bourlintid, and by a flourinhlng furnirng illatrlvt, Tha oouutv It divldad Into north and ■outh rldlngn, aaeh ri'lurnliiK *">* niuuib«r to tha L«)gUlatlvo AtMmbly. A iti'anior Ivavtia •vary nioriiing for Klnxnton, dlttant 04 ndlaa, hn |1,A0 and f I, and return* ttia lauia •vanlng, oalllng almi at I'luton and liatli. Two other •taamor*, plying botwaan Tranton •nd Montreal, vail hta**ag* up and down : fara to Montreal, fS and $'J.0O, Tha town I* on tha Una of tha (irand Trunk Uallwny, Thura are two dully itage* to Htlr- ling, to mile*, faro OU cent*, iho earliest of which niuet itaga* from Marmora and Havinour; another to llungarford, 20 mile*, fare $1 ; ami another dullv to Madnv, 'iO mllvi, mra $1, IMttanl from Muntraal il20 lullea, and from Toronto US mir«a. Dally lualU ropulatwn •bout 7000." BM*iii«M DIreotorjri American Ilotal.— D. Crytdala, Front at Ambrolypitt and I'hotographUt. — Frank O. Ludlow. Attorney and Bolloltor.— L II. Ilenderton, Front at. Attorney-at-Iaw, Solicitor in Chancery, Con- Toyancer, etc. — Allan Sprlngflulu Mac- donell, Front at BarrUtcr and Attorney, — Jame* Fraier, Jr. Barrl*lcrand Attorney-at-taw.— George Eyre Hundcraon, Front at Barriiter and County Attorney. — J. O. Hare, Barrister*, etc.— Ko*a & Dell, John Boll, W. II. IMnton, Front it. BtlUvilh Imlependitil, — James W, Carman, Front St. BMevilU Inttllifftnetr.—M. Bowell, Editor and I'ublishor. Cor, Front dc Orldgo st«, Contruotor, — George Noilson, John Rt. County Clerk and 'Votary Public. — ^Thomas Willis, J. P. Hhire Hall Church. Dnfoe House Hotel. — ^T. Warren, Bridge st. [See AdvtJ DrnptM' and Tailor. — John McAfee, Front st. Dry U jods, Grocery, Crockery, and Liquors, YicA)ria Buildings, Front st. Fancy and Htaple Dry Goods, and Groceries, — W. Kelly. Grocer and Provision Dealer.— Uanry M. Pa^ ker. Front st. Qrooera, Wine and Liquor Dealers, — Munroe A lUliiton, Front st. Hurdwuru Merchant,— John Lewis, Front it. Jeweller. — Charles Brick, Front st. Land and General Agent, Custom House Broker, — Archibald Dunlop. Law Clerk.— 1>. F. McVean, Bridge at M. D.— P. V. Dorlond, Front st Merchant In Dry Goods, Groceries, etc.— John Badcook, Front st Mlllt-r, Baker, and Grain Merehant^IIenry Corby. Paper Manufacturer— P. F. CannlfT, Mill st Photographist — John C. Short Publisher of JJaitiny* Chronielt, — Elijah Miles, corner Front A Hotel sts. Ulfle Factory and General Jobbing Establish- ment — Charles A. Keetor, Front st Tin and Sheet Iron Wore Manufacture — Wil- liam White, Front it Watch and Clock Maker, Joweller, etc.. Front St., opposite Court Houiie. Wellington Hotel, — Francis Paplneau, Front It Woollen ManufAoturor, — S. Wheadon, Front St. DAFOE HOUSE, BELLEVHiLE, O. W^ B Y T. W A RRE N, Is now open for the reception of the Travelling Community, by the above-named Pro- prietor, late of the Bay of Qulnte Saloon. No pnins or expLMise has been spared In fitting ^ t/ up the estnbliehmont as a Firat-class Hotel, numerous friends and the public generally. BtllwUle,Mav«th,lS6a. The Proprietor solicits the patronage of his ^ T. WARREN, Proprietor. BOWMANVILLE, 0. W. "A town in the Township of Darlington and West Riding of the County of Durham. It is bounded on the south by Lake Ontario, and is situated on the line of the Grand Trunk Railroad. In 1800 the place was incorporated a village. Within the last ten years it lios increased and prospered rapidly, and It owes much of Its present importance to the Hon. J. Simpson, formerly of the firm of Bowman & Co. The town has excellent water power 80 BOWMAKVIM.E, 0. W., A^fD BRANXroRD, C. W. within and •mum) It, •• wall m • capital wharf; ami a flnt rata harlmur I* now li»lnc fiinMructixl. Tha goiintry aroumi It unaur|)aiaail for fwrtllltv ana Torontti 48 miUa, anrt KiiMall I^MH«. Alma liotal.— John A. Maion, Markat «4|uara, ItarrUtar at Iaw.— HL John II, llulohaaon, notary publlo, ItarrUtara and Attoroaya at Ijiw.— Armour A UathunA liank of Montraal.— Oaorga DyAtt, managar, King ttraet. Dakar, ('onf«ollonar and ()ro«ar, — Alaxandar Klatohcr, KIrk alri-at. Dookaallar, Htatlunar and Artlat— Robart O'llara. CaNOkii<>llrra. Dry Ooodt, Grocery, and Crookary Marehant. — W, MoMurtry. farman' Baohanga.— Joaaph Maynard, King ■traat. Oanaral Marohant, Millar and Agant.— Lawla M. Hnuair, Khitf ttrvat (ianrralUrovor, wholnaalaand ratall.— liobt Koratar, King atraat (ianiiral Orooara and Haad Marehant^— Ifur- dofik Hrothara. llardwara Merchant, Carriage Rulldar and Ironfoiindar, Jacob Maada, Ironfoundry, Htova and I'lough Faatory.» Wm. I'ortar, KInK atraat, aaat Millar and IMitlllar— John Iturk, Klngatraat. UnUrlo Dank.— David tlihar, cathlar, Klaf itraat. Hurgcon-Dantlit, — J. A. Drown, King itraai Wavarlay IIoum llutal.— A. Illndaa, King at I I I. I li :i! I'll BRANTFORD, 0. W. " An incorporated town, on tha Grand RWor, at the haad of navigation. It la tha ohiaf town of the County of Drant, Drantford haa diraot ooinmunlontion with Lake Untario, and with New York city bv canal* ; It la the moot important itAlion on the DufTalo and Ijika Huron Railroad; and It la celebrated for Ita flour, iron, iteam-cnginea, itonuwarc, lumber, agricultural implcmenta, atovca, etc. The country In the neighbourhood of Drantford haa been long known ai an excellent agrlculturiil tectlon of the Weatern iVovince. DIttant from Hamilton, 25 mllet; from Niagara Huapentlon Dridgo, 60 niilea; from FarU, 1 mtlaa; and from Duifalo, N. Y., 76 milea. I>aily maila. I'opuUtlon about 800U." BaslBCM Directory. y Agent for Phoenix Aaaurance Company and Life Ataociatiun of Scotland.— M.W. I'ruyn. Aaaurance agent, and proprietor of Kerby Houte, — Jamet Kerby. Ale and porter brewera. — Bpencer & Bona, Weil Drantford Drowcry. Ale and beer brewera. — George White A Co., Eaut Drantford Drewerv. Barriitera, notariea, ana conveyancera^ — Wood A Long, Colborne and Market ata. Chemittianddruggiata. — HutchlnaonibOood, corner of Colborne and King atreeti. Chemist and druggiat — F. Brendon, Colboma atreet Foundry.— B. O. Tladale, Brittania Foundry, manufacturer and dealer in etovea, ploughs, etc, Colborne street. Hardware merchants. — Cleghom A Co., Col- borne street Hardware merchants — A. Morton A Co., Colborne street HomflBopathUt — Dr. Wm. H. Baeon, oomar of Colborne and (Jueen streets. Homoeopathic physician.— Dr. Chas. H. Yon Tagen, Market street Hotel.— A. C. File, Royal Exchange Hotel, West street, near the railway station. Insurance Co. — Allen Good, secretary Gore District Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Land agent— Wm. 11. Morgan, auctioneer, broker, etc. Merchant — Ignatius Cockshutt, Colborne street Miller and distiller. — Alexander Bunnell, Col- borne street New fine art gallery. — L R. Smith A Co., Colborne street, north side. Railway refreshment bouse. — Fred'k. Walsh, adjoining railway station. Steam planinK mills.— William Watt, sash and ulind factory, Waterloo street, near depot BRANTFORD, CANADA WEST. THE EXFOSITOB, Semi-Weekly and Weekly, Published by C. E. STEWART, market Street, Brantford, Is the best advertising medium in the County of Brant It also circulatei in the adjoining Counties of Oxford, Norfolk, Waterloo, and Wontwortb. Adt»rU*tm«ni» imtrttd on tht moH favourable Urm», Book and Job Prlnllnc— neat, cheap, and expedilloiia. BRUillTUN, 0. W., BHOOKVILMC, 0. W., AMD OOBOUKO, C. W. 81 BRrcHITON, 0. W. A vIIUr* «nrtbuml>«rUnil. A ttMintr plUi, fur \^»—ng»n itiiil rr«l||ht, lhr«« llmM • wok, to i^oUmrn* lliirl>our ami (lobourg, iml Oaw*(o, N«w York. V»m to Otwfffo. tlSO and 91.75, A •tatlon of th« (iraml Trunk Hallway U In tha vlllaK*. I>l» Unt flmm I)«IUvlll« 'i'i mlU«, ami from Toronto Bl mlUih T1i*ra U a ilally *laK« to lluton, SB nilUa, fkra $'i, via t'oniMon, 10 nitWa, far* 7e«.| ami oot trl-wtaklj to I'trey, lA niltt, hn$\. Dally malk Population at>out I BOO. ■■••■•M DIrvcMrjr. BriU»h ^riA— RIehard Rpanocr, proprtator and publlihnr, Main ■tri'ft. Dm Kingston, 48 miles; and from Morristown, 1 mile. Dally mail^ Population about BOOO, BOOKS, 8TATI0NEBT A; FBDVTINO. Ttw Subwrlhen htr* slwajri on hand ■ Aill loppljr of ths Nstlooal Sehool Books, Blblos, Tntwnauti, Oolile Booki. and the nawaat books and papari pnbUihad. WIrtypiiigi WHtiag, MattBg, ud Boom V»por, WheUaaU and BatalL HEIfDERSOnr * WTI^IE, Brockville, C.W. jr. A— JTr. WylU U JUitor ani />Hi{M«r (/ M« » BrooktUU Jttoordtr," publM4d tttry Thurtdof morning, COBOURG, 0. W. A town in the Township of Hamilton and County of Northumberland. It is the chief town of the county, and is pleasantly situatt <fb. ('nlHwrn U • (UUtMi uf lh« liraml Trunk Hallwny, •ml • %tf» nilnii* of lliu ('iilMiurK anil l*Mt»rtMiru«i|(h li*ilw»y. IHaUnt from T>>ri>ritii, 7'J iiilU*; tttmk Kkng*tun, t«HI HtUiMi AMil from Mnntrx*!, iiH) uttio*, lintly malla, I'ujmUUun alNMit TtHtg^ ■«•!■••• INr«ct*r]r. AitPiit itrliUh •nil ArocrltfAn K«|)r»M Vo. — W ttlimii 11. H«nu>r, Klni( iy|iUt«iin •lr*«t. |i.Hik«>'IU'r, Htailonvr, nml N««« l>«|Nit,— lli'tiry Allitii, IHvUtiin (l.tnunr fHmt titHi'ii). Titrrliiriu .\Uli>r.— William lUi Uny, IHvl itiin alrfi't, rittxtHrp Sun NMWi|M|M>r. — Thti*^, MeN^ugh- loll, nlltor, Klnu •tr<<«t, mat. (.'ohiiufii Siitr. — ('Iviu'li Jk V\oy\l, I'ublUban •ml nrliilrr*, KInK itraai |»ry OihhU M«rir of l*»ii«r lUnitlnKi, |)t>il<'n, KInK ■lr«>«l, wr*t, M»r«'lt«nl TMllor.— Itevlil Kihm, Klnif alraH. I'aiiwi'U' Chop lloUM.— I^^lwanl I'auwali^ IHvlalon tlvpi't. H*t. Wholaaala ami KeUII (iro«*ra, Win** aad H|>lrlU.— A. A U. MoCalluni, KIhk *lra«i COLBORNE, C. W. A thrlvlnt( vllUgA ami port of entry nn lAk« Ontario, In th« Townthlpa of Cnimah^ and Itiililinmml, ami County of NorthuinlmrUnil. A noMlilcniliU trmU U ilontt in lumber, ami curlnic of whUi>llih anil talma .. iaMi>uKi*n and freight, twiua a wavk b«twtt«n thU and tha other north thure (torti and ORWfi^o, Nuw York. Tliera U alio a tri w««kly stuaniar to Ru«hi>it«ir, Now York. Cabin •ml di'ok far«« to Oawogo and llouhcitt'r, I'J.SO and |l.76. CollMirno llarlMiur It n«ar • ■Ulliin of th« Ornnd Trunk Itall way, DUtant from Cobourg, lA ndU-a ; from Montrval, U4tt mild*; uml from Toronto, H4 nilli**. Thvra la • trlwuokly ttaga to Norwood, 8'i nillaa, furu I'i. Mull dally. ro|inlation alwut 8U0. Bhs1b«m DIrectarjr. Cnblnct Mnkor.— (). A. Charln. (l.ii.nil M.rihant.— (». W. \V.bli. Morchunt. — .1. Htuart HtronR, King itrrct Notnry I'ubllo and Conveyancer. — M, K, LooKwood, King *trc«t. I'liynlclun, Hurgvon, uU>. — F. Pugh, King it. Town Cl«rk, Dry Gooda, Orotiary and Hard- warv Muruhant.— J. H. Hcott Tlnanilth and Hardware Merchant. — G. N. Gordon. Watchnmker and Jeweller.— F. II. Edwarda, I ! CORNWALL 0. W. An Incorporated town and |M)rt of entry In the Townihip of the lamo name and County of Htormont It U tho County Town of the United Countlea of Htormont, Ihindai, and Glengarry. Tlio bu»lnoaa of the reglitry offloo ond of tlte circuit and principal law courts •ro tronaacted here. A itatlon of tho Grond Trunk Railway U contlguoui, The boat* of tho Canadian and American Ilnea between Montreaf •nd Hamilton, and of the Montreal and KingHton lino, call dally ; and there U a line of Htoamcn which start four days a week for Montreal and Intermediate portiL A conilderable amount of flour U embarked at thit pluco for Montreal, which, by thii route, it distant 8S mllct. To avoid the Long Sault Rapidn, imniedlotely above the port, A oanal has been made to Dicklnton'a Landing, • dlii- tanco of 12 milci, affording ample accommodation for the largely Increated navigation on the St. Lawrence. Diatant (trom Montreal 68 milei, and firom Kingston 100 niilea. Dally vaiiili. pepulation about 2S00. BnslncM Directorf. -^^ Bnrrifiter and Attorney at Law. — Richard T, I Barrister and Attorney at Lo w.— J. F.PrlnRle. Wilkinson. | BookaeUer aad Stationer.— Ueury A lawyer. / DirNDAM, 0, W. DaUy '. rrinRlp. , Sttwycr. i>rl«liir •itiiii*>'* for ritiinijr ••( HtitrtiKnit. 1lo(-l, H(. M.IioIm— A. ('. MulhinuM, lltl li<>t>'l. llrttUh Norlli Ain»H<'«n.— John K«n n«ily, hvfiinil ilr**!. Ili)tir«'lmiit Anal AkviiI for l.lf» A*«M*l«tlon of H..,iiUna.— WtllUm Clln*. J. I' , lltt iirr.t. Mi>ri>hiiia bikI Ui. MoMll Un, htt rtmt, M«riiiKall, ■'•irn»r »f lilt »n>\ Hr*l •!•, I'IimIiUii mill HtirKi'on. — J. J. iMfliaMnv, HtMilli ii( Hvi'DDil •lr«*(, I'Klni'r -J<>w|>h lltti'liln*. Ilil rtraH 'HiiMiitth — Joliii M<-I'li«», hll itr-ol. Tuniiar »ni| Htii>«iimli«r — Kulwrt Cnitgi lltl ■traol mtd Hai'onJ atrnail, Tailor —M. J. HiiMxil, Kvi-iiml »iT—i. W»l<-hni«li«r ami Jawdlar.— J, H. Wnmair, 1111 itraat. WAlKhiiMliKr, »nil rtvrh of IMvUlon Cuurt.— Will. WllforU I'mIi, ItU ttr**!, DIIKDAH, (1. W. ThimlM U an in«iirpar«Uioiit(li th« inpply of w*t»r Aill* diirlnK Mvcral month* In th« lunirnvr, th« ttr«an) li thrungixl with nillU anil fMetorU* from thn wvilcrn to tli» raiii'm limit* of th« town I— two flour mill*, two Iron foiimlrln*, • wmilUn fliPtory, a pUnliiK mill, •n a|{rl«ultunil linplemant maker, • pump makar, a la*t fautory, a tannery, ami a |i«pi*»rv«il, pri<*«nt a rti'l ami lofty ••carpmant that ral«#* It* huad alxivii thn town toward* tha north, and ona of tliii lovcltixt laDd*capM In th* Canadian pruvlncu hunt* upon your vl«w. To tha rl^ht IU>« a wo«nIim| KorK«, down which ruahc* thn watvr* of tha itream, Tlia lino of railroad rum) rltflit writ, toward tha aetting *un, and ltHH>* Itivlf In " tha liuih." H«v«ral hundred ffi't livm'nili your point 'if obncrvatlon ll«* Ih* town Itaolf i In tha long, withdrawing valli>y, clfKnnt iimn«lon* top tha iunimlt* of tha nulghbouring knolU Anoaatrr piara to tha left. Round and round, the undulating country I* clothed with IrUiiriant foliage, and the blue water* of f^ake Ontario form the diatant lioriion to the admiring uppc tator. Numerou* «y Wan ilte*, moat appropriate for elegant villa*, can be pointed out In the tuburb*; accordingly, wo have llttia doubt that Dundai will ultimately provo one uf the moat attractive *|Kit* fur permanent renldenoe, •* well at fur |>lo-iilo« and holiday pl«a*> uro partloik Population, about 80O0. BnsincM Ancttnnecr and Oenenl Agent — George W. Wright Baniiter*, eto.— Robertton A Wardell. (S«a card,) ChemUtaaiid Druggliit*. — Thornton A FUber. Dealer In Fancy anit and (bounty of Wntcrloo. It U do- liitlitriilly kUiiuIi')! uh I'lllior nIiIh of tliu (iruuil Itlwr, wlicrn it rcccivi.'* tlio wutrr* of Mill Ci'i't'li. 'I'lii> town poKHcnHoii iniinonKo water powor, wliloli iH fully cinployiul driving tlio niiiolilni>ry of nuinoroiii* iimniifnrturinK cHliklillNltnicntH, flouring, and ollixr uilljit. IHttanl from Kt'riln, \\w county town, (willi wliluli it will loi itooii oonnvctud Ity a railway loading from llumilton, tlirouKli l' Kolilnxon, Main Htreot, (iroeery and TrovlKlon Dealer. — I'eter AlUon Mnrohall, Main and Ainitlio Hlreela. llomuxipathlc riiyiilclan and Hurgoon. — J. J. I,iineafiler. Iron Koundum and Tin HndthR.— «!. W. DuvIh A, Co., Miller ond Distiller.— .lohn McNaughlon. Nui'Mery and Heedxtnan, Operator and Kx- preH« Age'it. — J. (J. Kraoer. INmtinoitterand Agent forUuru Hank. — John DavidHon. Railway Hotel Depot. — Itonjamln llubiton. Hurgeon-DentlHt.— Itobert lleid. Town Clerk nnd Treasurer. — Adam Ker, tjucen Btrcet. Union llotol.— John Young, Muiu »troot. I ' GODEUICII, V. W. Ciodoi'ieh formn the terminus of the Hulfitlo nnd Huron Railway, and is situated nt tho nioulli of (he River Muitland, upon an cminenoo 160 feet above tho level of Lake Huron. The |ilan of tho town deserves piirtleulur notice : an elegant town hall graces tho cuiitro of a lar^^e ooliigonnl nren, round whleh rise up, in stately dimensions, numerous stores nnd lioteln ; several ehurehcs rear their spires in tho distur.uu ; tho grammar school adds another ornnment to tho architeotural structures of thu place; on ono side tho primeval forests, and on the other tho mirrored surface of Huron's inland sen, form the horizon to tlio dolighted spectator. Altogether (lodcrieh is a desirable residence; it is said to bo unsurpassed for the healthiness of its situation, the soil in its vicinity is renuirkablo for its fertility, tho liiiheries yield exeellent profits to tho proprietors; it boasts of two newspapers and n light- house; n eoekle-sheli of a steamer, touching nt (Joderioh nnd tho intermediate ports, ])lies i»t present, with regular irregularity nnd great discomfort to possengors, between I'ort Sor- ricn nnd Southampton, the old harbour, in tho hands of the Cnnnda Company, attesting tho misehievous eonsequencos of monopolies, stands sndly in need of repnir ; but when the new lino of stenmers hns commenced to ply, in connect ion with tho ButTalo nnd Huron Rnilwny, ns well ns with the Ornnd Trunk Hnilwny from Toronto nnd Stratford to Milwaukee, Chi- cago, nnd the " Fnr West," it will bo enlarged nnd improved. AVe have little hcsitntion, tlicrefore, in predicting nn imprecedented progress for the Canadian "Queen of tho West." Population 1000. 70 miles north-west of I'nris. GUELPII. 0. W. An ineorporntcd town on the River Speed. Chief town of the County of Wellington, nnd station on the Grand Trunk Rnilwny. It is tho northern terminns of tho Gnlt nnd Guelph Rnilwny, which connects with the Grent Western; nnd tho southern terminus of the pro- posed Rnilwny to Snugccn, tho distance to which is about 70 niiles. From Guelph tliore OUKLl'U, 0. W. 85 •ro rfKuliir RtoKM to Owen Houn)«rt TlioiiipKon, St. (it'or){ii Hiiuurt'. Aitl^t. — Siiiiiutl Sliuw, Wyndliiiin HtriM't. ]tarriHti>ri* uml Attornuyit. — K<>r)(umoii and KinKHniill. [Simi udvtTtlHcnii^nt. | IlurrUtt'r'H and Atlorntiyii.— humon Ji I'utvr- mm. [Hit itdvcrtUcnHint. I linrrUtiT at Ijiw. — ThomuH 1(. Saundor*. J)ry 4, riotliWi);, <'t('. — Abrahiiin liolciv (irttitt Wt'Hiirn llott^l, — Uolurt MultliuWH. (Jroci'i-lcH, CrockiTy, and I'roviiiionii. — 0, MtTi'dlth tb <.'o. (fuiljih //((viW— (li\orKn, Wyndham Ktreut. Notary Public, hiHuranco Agent, «to. — R. (Jreet. Hu'ii New Hotel. — J. Tliorp, Proprietor. fSoo advurtUenient.] WeUini/tmi Mercury. — Geo. M. Kcteling, Pub- Ilfiher. Wellington Hotel. — James Lindiuiy, Propria- tor. [See advurtUument.] INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, O-TTSLPZZ, a. "WT-. Within 60 Yards of tb« Boilwajr Foaiangtr Station. .T. K. Sf'KIVV.N linitK iiini.t ri^upwtfiilly to Inllnmto to Ua iimiieriiiiM Irii'iiclH mill tliu triivulliiiK piililic, tliut IiIh wnll-kiiowii llcitnl In tUlcil up In a iiiuimiir unHiir|>iiiiKi»l fiir aciHiriMiiiiiliitiiiii by iiiiy ollior Ilulnl in Tdwii. Mm Tuhle will Ih.' nlwiiyn Hiiiipliud wltli ull tlio priicurablo luxurltii uf tliu KimMiii. Ilia LIQUORS Arn of thn vnry Iii'hI ijiinlUlflH, niiil xvory nttentiun and rniirtuiiy will Im otundiiil U> Ilia Kuiwtii, in oriliT tii romliir tluiiii iia niniriirtiilili! iih pim!iililii. IIih SIiiIiIu will liii mip- pllud itt nil UiiioH Willi tliii IxiHt (iiiitlity ol' lliiy niul Onta, luid nil nttiiiitivi) liustlor will Im nlwayH In attundoncn. In fact, liu ouii iiMhiii'u lliii pnlilic tliiit Ida Hi>uh«, in ull Ita di^ptutiiionta, will l>n niiiiliirtrd with proprliMy, mid dc- ■urTu Ibu putruiiiiKu iir liia rrinnda niid tliu pulilir Konurally. J. K. 8CRIVEN. Oiitlph, July 2, 18S7. GREAT WESTERN HOTEL, Wyndham St., Guelph. The uiidcrsigncd, having completed hig large and coinniodious new stone building on tno site of tlie old " Fnrmer's Arms" Hotel, form- erly occupied by Mr, John Pipe, has opened the suid ENtaDlishinent fur the uccommountion of the public. Ho intends to keep His liAU con- stniitly supplied with the choicest li(|uors, and His Tadi.k with the best viand.s of the season, also good stabling will be provided for horses; and no exertion will be spared to make the (Jreat Western Hotel worthy of the siipport of the agricultural community in the county, and the public generally. It. IflATTIIEWS. \^^ A vail from hit old j'ritniiit and jiatront retpect/ulii/ noUvileil. UcKLrii, Oct. 20th, 1$5S. WELLINGTON HOTEL, WYNDIIAIVI STREET, OPPOSITK M0NTI(BAl4 BANK, a-XTSZiPzz, o. -vr ., JAMES LINDSAY, Froprltlmr* Tlio Bhove now and coniniodioiia hotui, liclnx aitiiateU III II cnntral part uf tlio town, and ciinvfinioiit tu both the Hullwny Ntatlima, olfi'ra jHiiMiliar udvniituKiia tu tlio travol- iiiK pnlilic. Viaitura will find the armiigumenta good, and cliargua inodoralo. An tsrctUent l.ivtry Stable U atUtvhtd to Vt» Hotel, and trtutij lumtlera are alwaye in attenilanc*. Daily Stages to Slora, Fergus, ami Owen, Suutid. AnOmnlbiiaatlendalhnt'arH, and cnnveyn <>ueiit« to and from the lloiue IVee of Charge. THORP'S NEW HOTEL, GUELPH, O. W., la juat opened for the nccommodatlun of the public. Ii a flrHt-claaa Huuau, and tho beat in Ouelpli, ChnrKua rona- ounblo. Livory at abort notice. StnRea to and iruni all ANDREW LKHOK. II. W. PKTERSOll, JR. MESSRS. LEMON & PETERSON, Barristers and Attorneys at Law» SOLICITORS IN OHANOERT, NOTARIES PUBLIC, &c., OUELI'II, C. W. Agent for the Colonial Life Assurance Company. A. J. rRRQDSSON. J. J, EIMOSHIIX. FERGU880N &. KINQ8MILL, BARRISTERS AND ATTORNEYS AT LAW, SOM,ICiT0liS IJV CB^JyCBHW, STCy MTC^ I;. It I ! I \. \\l 86 HULL — INQEHSOLL — KINOAUDINE, C. W. HULL, 0. E. A vlllnKo Hltimtvil on the Illvcr Ottawa, oppimlto to the town of OttAwn, to wliloh it i« eonneutml liy ii «uii|i(>niilon brldgo, nt tlio ottlobrbtoJ C'liauilurlo Fullii, A uonnlilvnililo truclo It (lone In lunibur, and In tbo luannfocturing of axM, pallt, oto. I'oi>uliition about '26U, ANDREW LEAMY. LIIIHBER IVIERCHAIVT AIVD Iflllili xzxTZiU T o vrxTS zx xx>, a. OWNER, Oenpfftl Mtorc. — J, J. Mnrxton, Miiln rtrcct. Hotel K(M>|M>r and lilackunlth. — I'atiick Mo- Garr, Main ttroot. Liinnbor Merchant — Andrew Leatny. advurtisemont.] |.Me« INOERSOl-L, 0. W. An Incorporated vlllnge, in tho County of Oxford, Township of North Oxford; situated on tho Ulver Thiinics, and n station on thu Orcnt Wootcrn Kuilway. AVhcat and sawn lumber form llic prinoi|)al trade of tliis plaro and tho surrounding country. Tho land around is exeollent, and tite villuKO is fast increasing in population and importanoe, Dis- t4int from Wood^toclc, miles; from Hamilton, fi7 miles; from London, 19 miles; from Windsor, 12U miles; and from Tort Bur well, on Lake Erie, 82 miles. Daily mails. Popu- lation about auiM). BuslneM Directory. Attorney at l^w. — Riehnrd Ollard. Oenernl Merchnnts, — J. McDonald & Bron Itookstoru and News Depot — li II. Crysler. (lenoral Mercluiiit — Somuel Poolo. Chendst, Druggist and Stationer. — O. B. Cald- lng«r»oll Vhronielt. — J. S. OnrneUl, Kditor. well. Koynl Excliango Hotel. — II. Hearn, Proprl- Chemist and Druggist — John M. Chapman. etor. [8ee advertisement] Conveyancer. — James lierrie, Tlmmes street Merchant and Agent for English and Ameri- Duly Ilouse. — John Patterson, proprietor. can Newspapers. — U. A, Woodcock. [see advertisement] DALY HOUSE, XXTOSXlBOZiZ*, O. -W. The SiilwcrllMir bein to Infonn Ills fVlriuli Mil tho publln tiMt he hiu roniovml tu thu alwvo lliiiin, whlrh i> now ■ml roninintlioiii, and Ainiithetl in iiimlem ulyle. Bjr •trtot paraoml stteittlon h« hopes to receive hU uiutl >h«re uf patronafe. A free Bun to snil ftam the can. JOHN PATnBMfflr. BOTAL EXCHANGE HOTEL AND General btaoe housr, Cor. of Thames 4c Charles Sts., ijyBBmsmjLJLy c. »*., H. HBARN, Proprietor. Vlxlton will flnd tho armnremonti Rood, and charires mmlitrnto. A rinkI Livery Stable ultnrhod. "' ' "' IvStans id to fit to Tilainibunt, Vienna, and Port lliirwell, ani lary'g Mondays, Wednesday!, and Fridays. 17* An omnlbiu to and poRlt« of und, Kin- cardine will loon offer a ufu harbouiii({« to veMolrt of large (llnieiiilon*, and, therefore, bldi fair to prove no mean rival to Oodorich and Haugccn. 80 mllei north of Uoderlch. Popu- lation about 1000. LINDSAY, W., Is situated upon the banks of the River Hcngog, and is composed, as yet, of only a few blocks of frame houses, stores and hotels, grist and lumber mills, with the exception of 3 or 8 brick houses on each side of the river. The site of the town, according to the original plan, is extensive ; but as individuals have selected spots fur their houses In all different directions, Lindsay presents a straggling appearance to an old-countryman. But as it is favoured with railroad communication to Port Ilope on the south, and stage to Manilla and Mariposa, one of the richest agricultural townships in the province, 8 miles to the west, and by steamer to the Falls, Bobcaygeon, etc., on the north, we may reasonably anticipate the enlargement of the town, as well as the increase of its trade, at no distant date. It ii worthy of special notice that an excoUout reading-room Is supplied not only with the Pro- vincial, but with American and British newspapers and magazines, as well as with the re- i>rints of the principal British Quarterlies ; and, we may add, for the information of tlte sportsman, that fishing In the river and lakes, as well as deer shooting in the surrounding bush, will at once recruit his health and amply repay his pleasing toils. Population $2000. From Port Hope, 42 miles. Fare $1.26. Business Directory. Attorney at Ijiw. — F. B Greene, Kent st. Barrister and Notary Public. — Anthony La C-ourse, Kent st Bookseller and Druggist. — Vf. J. Stoughton, Kent St. Barrister at Law. — ^T. A. Hudspeth, Kent st. Boot and Hhoo Maker. — A Briglit, Kidont st. Cabinet Makers. — Matthle & Anderson, Wil- liam st. Dry Ooods and General Merchant. — Richard Leary, Kent st. Dry Goods, Groceries, Boots, Shoes, etc. — S. and O. Bigclow, Lindsay st. Grocer and Confectioner. — Wm. Alexander 8ilverwood, Kent st. General Merchant — Wm. Kewin, Kent st General Merchant — John Kennedy, Kent st General Merchants. — Keenan <& Lenihan. Importer and General Merchant — ^Thomas S, Lehane, King st Jewett's Hotel.— B. Jewett, Proprietor, Kent street. Lindsay Flour Mills.— Dealer in Wheat, Flour, etc., Robert Lang, Proprietor ; office, Kent street Lindsay Tannery.— W. McNeil, William st Lindsay Advocate. — Edward D. Hand, Pub- lisher. Merchant and Carriage Manufacturer. — John Thlrkhill, Kent st Mortin's Hotel, (late Walsh's).— J. Martin, Proprietor, Kent st Merchant — James Watson, William st. Merchant — Charles Britton, Ridout st Staple and Fancy Dry Goods Merchant — Thos. Bronghall, Knowlson's Block, Kent st Victoria Herald, — Henry John Waite, Editor, Publisher, and Proprietor, William st Watchmaker and Jeweller. — H. G. Clarke, Kent st ) River each in inating le-look- toble, to the of the ind un- trans- West" as the MILL BROOK, 0. W. A flourishing village, situated in the Township of Cavan, and County of Durham. Has a local trade of some importance. A station on the Port Hope and Lindsay Railway is half a mile from the village. Distant from Port Hope IS miles. Daily mail. Population about 1000. ' Bosiness Clerk of Division Court, Conveyancer, etc. — James M. Brodie, Kell st Dispensing Chemist-R Gregory, Railroad st Dry Goods Merchant and General Grocer. — Samuel James Howell, 60 Main st Dry Goods Merchant — Richard Howden, Railroad st Directory. ' General Merchant — James Kelly, Kell st Grocer, Baker, and Confectioner. — James A. Johnston, Corner of Cavan A Kell st Millbrook Messenger. — Alfred Edwin Hay ter. Editor and Proprietor, Railroad st Wellington Hotel. — Granville Richardson, Corner of Railroad & Mill sts. it-: 88 NAPANEE, NEWCASTLE, AND OSHAWA, 0. W. NAPANEE, 0. W. Napuee ii • pretty Tillage, iltuated on a rlrcr of the name name, and which may, be aeleotod aa the county town of Richmond Township. The rirer ii navigable by iniall sohoon era, and offara Urat-rnte water pririlega, in addition to the four aaw-milla, which cut 9,000,000 it of lumber annually, two flour milla, two foundries, a woollen factory, piaster factonr, cabinet fao* tory. planing mill, brewery, tannery, etc., which stand upon ita banks. The Grand Trunk Railway Station stands immediately to the north of the village. Napanee is possessed of no ordinary advantagea, and is evidently dastinad to extend at the expense of other inland villages. If the traveller wi«bcs a comfortable house, he should viiit the C'umniorcial Hotel, Napanee: and if the aportsman is anxiuua to prime hia " pocket-pistol," by all means visit Mr. Johnston's distillery at Clark'a Mills, where a Scotchman aiHtiU "mountain dew" aa pure and spirit-stirring as any tliat smells of "peat-reck" and the lligblands of Scotland. Population, 2000. Distant from Kingston, 25 miles; Toronto, 184 miles. BuslBCM Dircctorjr* Ambrotypist and Photographist.— Henry H. Carman, Dundas st. Amos S. Bristol, M. D. Baker, Ac.— J. Worthington, Dundas si Barrister and Attorney, Notary Publlo.— B. C. Davy, Dundas at. Commercial Hotel.— fi. R. Shaw, Dundas st. Druggist and Dealer in Painta, Oils, eto.— Jaa. 0. Bufflnan. General Aasurance Agent, Treasurer Moohanica' Institute.— Robert Boston, Town Hall, Mar- ket Square. Manufacturing Miller, Conveyancer, Ac— Jaa. F. Uartols. Napantt .Standard.— Mex. Campbell, Editor and Publisher. Solicitor in Chancery, Attorney-at-law, Notary Public— Robert S. Uenderaon, Dundaa at NEWBURG, 0. W. A Tillage on the Napanee River, in the Township of Camden and County of Addington. Distant from Kingston 28 miles, and from the Napanee Btatlon of the Grand Trnnic Railway 6i miles. Usual stage fare to Kingston 16 cents. Daily mail. Population about 900. Bnalnesc Directorj. Carriage Builder.^Jolin Crichton, Main st. Chemist and Druggist-Joshua Bower, Main street Dry Goods, Groceries, Boot and Shoe Shop, etc. — Robert F. Hope rovition Dealer. — George Mitchell, Hunter it. Oroceri, Hardware and CommlHion Mer- ohanta, Corner of Uunter 4; George ite. Grocer.— Aaguttni Cadotte, George tt. ' Marble Maioni — John Thomae Whitehead A Co., Brock it. Pttirboro' Hxamintr. — A. Sawyera, Pab> lliher. Fttfboro' X*view.—T. A R. White, PubUih* eri^ Tallon and Clothierii— A. Mercer & Soni. ,1 PARIS, 0. W. Paris is situated within a mile of the line of the Great Western Railroad, on the banks of the Grand Itiver; and as the country is undulating and rising in some places, even into hills, the scenery is very picturesque ; the houses stand embowered amongst wood, hera npon the slopes, and tiiere in the valley, reminding the continental tourist of the vine-clad sk>pes of Sevres, between Paris and Versailles. In addition to the flour and lumber mills common to almost every town in the province, Paris is provided with a gypsum or plaster mill. The lofty railroad wooden bridge, which spans the Grand River, forms one of the most attractive objects of interest, and if the traveller can afford time, he may fill his ba^ kot with fish, of all sorts and sizes, from the river. Notwithstanding these natural attrac- tions and adaptations of Paris, both for pleasant residence and manufactures, the Great Western Railroad has carried the traffic past, in both directions, and thrown it, at least in the mean time, into a state of comparative stagnation, to improve however, we hope, with the general return of " better times." Population 2000. Seventy-two miles from Suspen- •ion Bridge. Bnslness Directory. Chemist and Druggist— Alex 0. Bell, River street (See Advt) Commission Merchant and Assurance Agent — Thomas Ryall, Railway Station. Daguerrean and Photographic Artist — 0. S. German, River st General Dry Goods and Groceries. — Wm. Paterson, River st Hotel. — James Currie, Anglo-American Hotel Station. Tavern-Keeper. — James Loutit, Mechanic* street Dn and Coppersmith.— William Rosebrugh, River st Wholesale and Retail Merchant. — John Irwin, J. P., Upper Town. ALEX. 0. BELL, CHEMIST ft DBUQ0I8T, ; „,,, WHOLISALB AND BKTAIL DEALEB IN Drugs, Patent ledicines, DyestDfls, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Turpentine, Brashes, Combs, FANCY ARTICLES, &o., RIVER STRBBT, PARIS, O.W. PIOTOIT, 0. W. One of the most enterprising towns for its size, in the region of the beautiful Bay of Quints, noticed elsewhere. The County Town of the County of Prince Edward, and situ- ated on the Bay of Quints. Distant from Kingston 40 miles; steamboat fare $1, stage fare $2. Distant from Belleville 22 miles ; steamboat fare $1. Population about 2000. Business Directory. Attomey-atrlaw and Notary Public. — Lera- priere Murray. Barrister-at-law. — Samuel Merrill. Barrister, and Attorney-at-law, and Notary, etc. — Philip Low. Cabinet and Chair Factory. — Gillespie & Southard, Main st Carriage Manufacturers. — Fralick bprt Mclntvro, WalU>n tt. IIoMiin«>|Nitlila I'hyMcUn nnil Hurgton. — Dr. Uaorge i'ybiirn, Wnlton it, Import«r of I)ry UimxU nnd Millinery. — J, D. OlIlcipU A Co., Walton it. Mannfacturttr of UphoUtery and Cabinet Ware.— W. F. Riueell, Walton et. J'orl Ifop* ^(/a«.— ChariM RiMliten, Editor anil rul)IUh<*r, MroKdcn'* UiillUUnl fruni litilUvlllo I'i mil**, and frDin Tonintu 101 mllea, Th«r« U a iniall island two mllM •ait of tlio villain, called Mill Iiland, with (wo itaain mkllt for lumbaring purpuMa on It. Dally malk I'lipulation about looa ■msImcm DirccMrjr. Attorn«y-at-law, Hulloltor in Chancery, etc. —Daniel K. Murphy, ^4outh Hide Uundai itieet Baker- William Dloken*. Corunur.-J. I>. I'atrlok Ollbert Fergui, M. D„ Hurgeon. Dootor of Medicine.— II. W. Hpafford. Dry Uoode, Urooeriee, wharfinger, etc— Jeiwe T, Ilendenon. Drugglii— Albert D. C. Ilawley, Bridge ti. Merchant.— David Koblln. Merchant. — John N. Thonipeon, Merchant Tailor.— John Htuart. Water it. lUllroad Hotel.- Lewie Crulokihank, Water itreet Haddler and Ilamewi Maker.— J. R. Wert, corner of Elgin A Water eta, WINDSOR, 0. W. Ii iltuated at the wcetom frontier of the Province of Upper Canada, upon the banks of the River St, Clair, oppoeito to Detroit, in the State of Michigan. It forme the terminue of the Great Weetcrn Railroad, the ivat of a Curtom-houite, and the eite, at leait, of an embryo city ; but at the itonmor connoota the Great Western with the Michigan Railroad, at tha otlier side of the ferry, which is only about a quarter of a mile broad, no great extension can reasonably bo antlciputfld for this frontier town, placed, moreover, as It Is, In such dosa proximity to the large and flourlaJiing town of Detroit. Population about 8,000. BoalncMi DIrectonr. Barristers, etc. — Maodonell, Stuart A Trow, I Vinegar Manufactures.— Wm, 0. Bagley. (See Card.) I (See Curd.) Windsor Saloon.— Wm. Stratton, l>i«prietor. MACDONELL, 8TFART, * TREW, BARRISTERS. Attorneys, S«lieit«r8, Nttiries Pablie, k, WINDSOR, C. W. 1. 1. MACDOIIILL. J. BTOaRT. X. M. TMW. WM. 0. BAGLET, Mann fl ictiifer and Wholesale Sealer in PURE TABLE WHITE WINE k CIDER VINEGAR, 1^ i — John rarding leer and I mouth Lnd Sid- WHITBY, 0. W. ' ' " ^ An incorporated town in the Township of Whitby and South Riding of the County of Ontario. It is the chief town of the county, and a station on the Grand Trunk Railway. Distant from Toronto 29 miles, fares (1 and 76 oents^ Daily mails. Population about 8600. Business Directory. Ambrotypist and Photographist. — James A. Clark, Brook st Barristerat-law. — A. O. Ham, Brock st. Barristers and Attorneys.— Maodonell & Dart- nell. Court House. Chemist, Druggist, and Perfumer. — Geo. A. Bannister, Dundas st. Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, Stationery, etc. — Joel Bigelow. Dealer in Stoves, Copper, and Sheet Iron Ware. — John Trotter. Dry Goods, Ready-made Clothing, and Gro- ceries.— Robert Campbell. General Dealer in Groceries, Provlrions, etc. — Joseph Mansfield. Importers of Dry Goods, Groceries, and Seeds. — Hamilton & Roberts. Importers of Dry Goods, Groceries, Hard- ware, etc. — Gibson & Yarnold. Importers and General Dealers in Dry Goods, Groceries, etc. — Lowes & Powell. Ontario Hmei, — Wm. MoCabe, Publisher. ! I ■' . 04 WOOtMtOOK, 0. W. Butlonary.— n«org« Tu)«, Jr., Af«nl for TaUgrtph Compftnv. Tin, Hhiti>t, Iritn, mdiI Cupp«nailth.— John Hryan, lirork •t Watoh iUkn and JawalUr.— Thoi.OalUgh«r, Jironkit. WhUbp t1iroHUU.—W. II. ni|tir(n«, Rlllrtr. Whltliy routiilry. — LynJ* A Toal, llronk ttrmt. Whktby llotiM Ilotul.— Thoa. t(»Uou (krtp- trua, Dundaa at WOODSTOCK, 0. W. Tha chl«f town of tha oonnty of Oxford, iltuatad b«tw««n tha Nprth and Hunth Riding*, and formlnK ona of tha rounlcl|iaUtl«a of th« latter. Ita looatlon li very hralthy, hrlng on tha hi>lght of land of tha Wcitvrn I'enlnaula, and turroundvd liy an «xrit«dlngly UrUU oountry, rniiownvd for whxat growing and oattU railing. Tlia KIror Tliamci Rlilrta tha Dorth*ru lltnlta, and Cadar Creek paiaua through thu aoutharo part of tha town, iupplying S grlit mill watar prlvllagaa^ Iti prln«>l|)al butlneia U varlona manufaoturta and comniarcc, aapoclally thn forwarding of wheat, etc. On tha louih tida It a ohlaf itatlon of tha Orvut Waitarn Railway. T)atantlal roarkat- plaoa and town hall. A magnlAuent flvettory iteam grlit mill wa* aet In operation In 1HS9, at a coat of |40,00a The (Canadian Literary Initltute U In courae of erection, at thx aaat and of tha town, aatlmated to coat |80,(MK). Dlatant ftrom Uaullton, 48 mllaaj flrou London, 89 rollea; firom Niagara Huspenilon Bridge, 01 mllea; and ftrom Pari*, 19 mile*. Dally mall eait and watt by railway, and north and louth by ataga. Two mall* ara made up for England weekly. Population In 1803, 8,113, incroailng in 1807 to 4,740. BualncM Directory. Attorney, Conveyaneer, etc. — John Orelg. (.Soe ndvrrtlituiuont.) Analytical and I'harmaoeutloal Chemiat.— Robert Htitck. Barrlitcr and Attorney.— Uugh Kichardaon. (See advcrtUoment.) Bookitellvr, Htationer, and Bookbinder. — W. Wiirwiok. Cubinetmakora and Upholiterer*. — Gumett A PIggott. Dry flood* Morchnnt,.— W. A. Wood*. Dry Uood* Murclmiits. — Packer A Hood, Orooer and Uenoral Merchant — Edward Blomely. Orocorlea, Wine*, Spirit*, etc. — J. W. Hnghe* A Co. Orocorlce. — W. A. Rcld A Co,, Dunda* et. Iron Founder and General Mauufucturer. — Homer Pratt Brown. Merchant.— Tlioma* Oliver, Went End. Produce and CoinnilMlon Merchant— John Ferguion. Phy«lclun* and Surgeon*. — Dr*. Turguand di Ounynghame. Railway Ilotil.— Robert Blckle. Surgeon DcntUt — John O. Brown, Dunda* it Shoemaker and Tanner. — Wm. Wll»on. Tin, Iron and Copperplate Worlur and Stove Dealer. — George Bodltch, TelegfBph Operator. — Henry Jonrd, Jr. Wfttohnmkor. — John Dliigwoll. Wine and Spirit Merohauta, — Henry A Gor- don. Wooditoek Senlinel.—John W. Whlnnie A Son, Proprietor*. Woodiitoak JhncH. — Alex RIgg* MoClencghan, Editor and PubllsliVT. JOHN GREIG, ATTORNEY, Oonveyanoer, ^bo., WOODSTOCK O. W. HUGH RICHARDSON, BARRISTER & ATTORNEY AT LAW, Notars Pnbiic, OONVEYANOER, &o., ,. wooonoos, 0. w. (t In*, Bitltor. •Imu Horlp- inth RItHnK*, ,hy, hrlnn on Hngly ffrtllo HP* tkirta th« rn, Mipplylnif id eomni«ro<', of th« Orvnt iliiH hot«U, 7 mtUl nwrktt- op4>rntlon lu rectlon, at tli>« I milM) from kHi, 19 mil'*. iMt »• nt«d« US. TOWNH IN CANADA WKMT. NIAGARA, C. W., y J b on* of th« oldMt town* In CanaiU, tltiMUd on • point furmad by th« mouth of th* RIvar Niagara on tha nait, and Laka Ontario on tha north i turvay Ing It ftroni tha daak of tha ataamar which pll#a batwaan Toronto and NIaKara, you would IniaKlna that )i>u w»ra Kni> \ng u|Nin una of tha aaaiMrt towna In tha couth of KiiKland. Hnowwhita niiiii>tiin« |Mi#p out of umhraKaoua woo«la; gllttarlnn fplrva raflret th« Itaaina of tha Mtting lun, and maa- •Iva forta ralaa thair fh>nt to tha atomi i but ttap aahora, and you aoon dlaouvar ynu hava baan liMiking ufMin a " dlMolvIng vlaw." It la trua, a faw Iiouim w«ml>ank- manta of which ara waahad away at tha rata of 8 faat annually, and It I* aantinellad by a ■olitary old ponilonar, and la*t, not Ivait of tha Ilia to which Niagara I* heir t4>, a modern railroad earrlea tha majority of travcllar* ovar tha acanea of ancient blofMlahad, and paat tha lofty memento of olvll war— Urock'a Monument— to tha Fall*, 14 mllaa from tha town of Niagara. Fort Ontario, on tha American tide, la maintained In a good atata of preacnratlon, but yankaa Invention ha* trantforroed the warlike Into a peaceful and uaeful atructiire, by eur- mounting It with a llght-houaa. Titnpora mulmnttrt, tt no* mutamtu in ilUi I Population about 8,000. DitUnt from tha Fall*, 14 mllea. ' 1 i >*t End. irchant— John I*. Turgoand h |e. wn,Dunda**t "Wllaon. rkar and Btove loiard, Jr. Henry 4 Oor- Wblnnie k McCloncghnn, DSON, |y AT LAW, lc» , &o., SUSPENSION BRIDGE, C. W. Suapantion Drldga I* a *tatlon on tha Great Wealern Railroad running from there to Windaor, op|M>*lte Detroit, and alao to Hamilton, C. W, Emiffranti, paiaing through to the Waat, generally watt here 4 to 6 houra, and hava baggage re-ohacked. There i* an emi- grant refreahmcnt room within the atation, conducted by a German, where good, whole- aome provUlona, and tea and coffee ara lupplled at the lowett rataa. The economical Ger- man emigrant*, for tha moat part, patronise It There I* alao another excellent refreah- ment aaloon at the atation, where meala are to be had on tha arrival of every train; whlUt for a ratpectable and comfortable hotel at the Bridge, we name the Great Weitern hotel, kept by Mr. Kavanagh, who la very attentive to itranger*. Partie* pa*«lng through, can leave their baggage at either the atation, or hotel — have time to walk as far a* tha Fall* — fully one mile up the river tide ; whiUt partie* who have time tottay, will And Hua- pentlon Bridge convenient for arrival and departure of train* to the Wect, or to HutFalo and Lake Shore Railroad, or to New York and eaatern citlu*. DUtant from Buffalo, 22 rolle*i Wlndior, C. W., 229 mllea; Ilnmilton, 48 mile*; Toronto, 81 mile*, via rail — and about 50 mile*, via rail to Niagara, and thence iteamer aoro** Lake Ontario. ST. CATHERINE'S, 0. W. St. CATnARiNK'a it celebrated for it* mineral Rpriiigi, to which great numbers resort every Bummer. Hotel* of the largest size, and well appointed, are established fur accommodating visitors ; the largest of which Is the Stepehenson House, named after Its proprietor, Mr. Htc- phcnson, who has done much to bring the virtues of St, Catherine's Springs prominently before the public. St Catherine's Is situated on the Welland Canal, which connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, In one of the best agricultural districts in Canada West. It is a station on the Great Western Railroad. Distant from Toronto, 7 6 mllea ; Hamilton, 89 mllea ; and Niagara Fall* 12 miles. (](/ TOWN! IN CANADA WEflT. iOUTIIAIIPTON, C. W., forma, m y»i, only th« bukUu* nf • town, «ltiMil«y a remnant of " nilM ayail ami mdanoholy" ratanl (Vimi tha ahora, |la« Chantry lilami, or mthar UUt, on whieh a llght-houaa hat lataly l>ai>n erat^teil, ami on th« laa of whlnh nilRht ba oonitru«tad, and ronduaa, tharafora, to tha proaparlty of " tiM Morning Htiir," a* Houthampton may b« di*»lgnatad, from Ita poaltlon. I'opulailon obotit AOU. 7u mllai N, of Oodarl«h— 8'i mllaa trtm Owan Hound. iM«ft dally to Uwan Sound, ST. MART'S, 0. W,, TwaWa mllaa H. W. of Rtratford, la a town whloh haa riaan inio •xtaianmi within th« Uat few yaara, and la baautlfuUy altuatcd upon tha banka of tha Rivar Thamaa, The Grand Trunk Hallway la oarrlvd aoroaa a vallay on tha north, and a branah to London ott tha caat. on vladuota which adorn tho town by tha llgbtnaaa ami alaganea of thair atra^ tura. Tlia point of junction haa bean remored, on account of the Interranlng ralley% •bout two nillea from the town, a distance which provaa a aerloua Inoonvenlenoe to th« trader aa well aa to tha tourlit; but tha rapid progreta whleh la evlduntly daatlnad for 81. Mary'a, by Ita altuatlon aa a market town and Ita llmealona quarrlea, midway betwaM Btratford and London, will pn)bably overcome tha natural olMtade* by tha extenalon of ita Ilmlta to the vicinity of the itatlun, Htage «oiiDa«tioD with Htratford, Ingeraoll, iD4 London dally. Population, 8,500. STRATFORD, 0. W., Forma the Junction of the Grand Trunk Railway to Port Sarnla on the River flt Clalr, and the Buffalo and Huron Hallway, and la altuatpd upon the Imnka of the Rlrer Avon. It la a atraggllng. Irregular town, following thi> wlndlnxa of the river, and the un- dulatlona of the rolling country on whloh It la built The Interacction of the town, more- over, by three lines of railway, the erection of two stntion-housea and sheds, the assump- tion of an eminence by aevcral churchea, not to speak of the dilapidated atate of aeventi tenements forsaken i)y their Inmates, all adds to the genvral disorder and confusion pr^ ■entcd by thia once flourislilng town ; for since the rollwny haa been carried through to Goderlcli it has born threatened — like aeveral other towns placed in slmllnrviruumstance»— with a severe collapse. Notwitlistandlng, Stratford lies In the centre of nn extensive dis- trict of the " Huron tract," noted, oa everybody knows, for Its productiveness, and will al- ways, therefore, prove a steady. If not an incrcnsinif attraction to the farmers in the sur- rounding country, ropulntion, ."S.BOO. Distant from Toronto, 80 miles; Sarnla, 80 mllea} London, 39 miles ; Goderich, 46 ndles. ■,h • |)art ^tmli. tu>. h-rt SCENES AND SCENERY. \; ,. CONTENTS OF PART II. PAOI Albnny, Hcencry between New York and 04 Allu^hnny Mountuino, The 7 Altiinuxiiit, AlleghunieB, 18 Avon 8prin)ja, 62 Uullstori Spii 61 Uiiltiinuru to Cinuinnati 7 Hnltiniuro and Uhio llailruud '22 BeiiulmrnoiH, Ht, Lawrence 46 lioltotn lunda in MisBouri 28 ItiH'ezes un the proiricg 20 liurning Springs, Niagara 77 ' Canadian boat-song 70 ('unandaigna Lalce 62 Capo May 48 ('asHidy's Ilidge 16 Cat»l I'otonmc Viklloy iiiul Ulvcr Soonory 10 I'mlrloii, ]lrt1 Terrapin Tower 76 Tahle Rock 76 Burning Springs 77 Passaic Falls, New Jersey 01 River Hudson. Source nf the Hudson 68 The I'aliHades (Vt The Turk's Face 08 Rondout Creek 69 Interior of Hudson Steamer 06 River Mississippi. Steaming up the Mississippi 81 View between Lake Pepin and St. Paul 84 The Maiden Rock 83 Bridge across the Mississippi 80 River St. Lawrence. Descending the Rapids 44 Shooting the Long Sault Rapids 42 The Thousand Islands 43 Steaming cp the Missouri 28 St. Anthony's Falls 88 Si'SQUEHANNA, Vlew On the 23 The Iron Mountain, Missouri 26 Trentos Falls. The High Falls 47 The Cascades 47 White Mountains. Tip-Top House 69 The Willey House 63 SCENES AIS^D 8CENEUY. PiK you ever henr tlio oiiecJoto cf the Italinii nnd the American, who wore (liAcussinif the tiu>rit8 of the Bcent-ry of the Old nnd Now World, in the vicinity of Ningnrn Fiills? N'Imjmrte. Tiic Itnliiin wound up his animntod description of the benuty nnd viirlcly of Europenn linulsonpes with the climax: "An eruption of Mount Vesuviun, with tho Day of Naples in the distance, forms tlic most brilliant spectacle in tho universe 1" "Fetch it hero, sir," said tho American, witii that tang f raid chorncteristic of one of Undo Ham's fam- ily, " nnd I'll /)H< it out in five minutes 1" That retort reveals tho general contrast that characterizes the scenes nnd scenery of the Old and New World — tho eclipse which is thrown on the fonncr l>y the latter, by their natural vastness, grandeur, and sublimity, as might easy be illustrated by a detailed study of their pliysical geographj-. The surface of Europe is partitioned, by ranges of lofty mountains, into petty nationalities, decorated with pretty gems of beautiful landscapes; the vost basin of tlie Mississippi forms nn inmienso theatre, walled round by tho llocky Mountains and Alleghnnics, fringed with nodding pines, for the reception of an universal brotherhood of humanity. Tho cities of Europe are centres of civilization, art, science, and architectural bcatity, The cities of America uro rather foci of commerce, sites of extensive d6p6ts, stores, nnd hotels, periodically wrapt in flames, and rising, like the I'hwnix, more stately and beauti- ful from their ashes. The rivers of Europe droin their surplus waters in their rocky channels, and beor a few light craft upon their swelling bosoms, from the ocean. Floating polnces, the commercial navies and merchandise of tho wide world, are borne thousands of miles into tho interior of America by the great " Father of Waters." The lochs and lakes of Europe sink into insignificant pleasure ponds beside the "Inland Seas'' that form the Mediterranean highway between Canada and tho United States. The very grass is grazed to European cattle with difficulty; whereas, herds of wild buf- faloes scamper the waving prairie grass like leviathans through tho " vasty deep." Bands of plantations, clumps of trees, and roads winding their devious ways over hill nnd dale, variegate the European landscape ; not so throughout the length ond breadth of the boundless Continent of America. Roads run right away in interminable straight lines, crossing each other nt right nngles. Yon may wander for miles, with cultivnted fields on each side ; but the primeval forest, for tho most part, forms tho perpetual horizon, and you are compelled to dive into it, on foot, railcar, or buggy, and emerge, not always dry-shod, from its lofty wooden walls. Take your passoge on board a steamer, ot the mouth of the Mississippi, you will sail through all the zones of climate and vegetation between the trop- ics and the poles. Stort by tho railroad car, from New York, you will steam right away, 6 BOENKS AND SCENERY. ■Ilia a If 1 m '' thouMndt of mllei, through buih and prairie, over lake snd river, md find, on your ftrrlvnl at St Louit, engineer! going ahead towards the Paciflo. The traveller acouitonned to enjoying the mountain teenery of Great Britain and Ireland, and finding lo much of it within the " Seagirt Itle," it apt to feel diaappointod in travelling over pcrhape thouiands of mile* in America, that he doea not find a proportionate amount of scenery of the lame character, and that in many long Journeya in particular icctiona of the country, the eoenery becomes monotonous, yet we have fulled to meet with the traveller who cannot find within the limits of the American Continent, a variety and extent of scenery suflloient to satisfy the greatest reveller in the beautiful and grand in nature, and her works. Variety forms the oharaoteristio of the scenery of the New, as well as of the Old World— although variety arising from the existence of different climates within the vast extent of the North American Continent. Take up your position on the Grampians, in Scotland ; behind you frowns the bleak and barren summits of the Highland hills; before you gleams the lovely and fertile Caree of Gowrie, extending towards the German Ocean, all within the circle of a few miles in circumference. Perch yourself upon the Rocky Mountains, the blue waters of the Pacific mirror the blue expanse of heaven towards the far west. There, your eye will wander right across an intervening continent of numberless hills and valleys, all richly clothed in their coronation robes of summer, only to be changed for others moro variegated, but none the less beautiful, when, tipped with the first touch of the approaching winter's blast : whilst again, from off some of the highest points in the AUeghRnies, the eye rests with unmlngled satisfaction as it stretches down the cultivated green swarda and waving corn-fields of Pennsylvania, along the charming scenery of the Potomac, and the Susquehanna— on towards the suburbs of the great cities on the eastern seaboard^K>r on the other hand, again, as you turn towards the mighty west, and there catch the first glimpse of that gi'eat western world, as it lies teeming with life, on and beyond the Ohio—' about to take another start, ere long, in its extraordinary career — in the progress of its development And be it remembered, when we speak of North America, we mean our remarks to bear equal reference to Upper and Lower Canada, which claims the better half of the sublimest scene exhibited to the spectator upon the American Continent, viz,, the Falls of Niagara. The American boasts of the sail to Staten Island and the Bay of New York, and up the Hudson River; the Canadian, of the sail down the St Lawrence, threading the Thousand Islands — shooting the Rapids, and up the Ottawa, outrivalling Lomond's silver loch, stud- ded with its islet groves; but both stand, in union, dumb with awe, in silent admiration and contemplation of the perpetual motion of the watery avalanche that has continued to shoot the lofty Rapids, from time immemorial, and will continue to proclaim to the whole world, with its voice of many waters, the unity in variety of the great stream of life that has been incessantly coming out of, and going into, the depths of eternity. In the following pages of this section of the work, we have availed ourselves of a few of some of the choicest scenes in the country, for illustration, and hope that they may some- what assist to convey to readers at a distance from such scenes some idea of their beauty and character, which we have no hesitation in saying have only to be visited to be highly enjoyed and appreciated. ALLEGHANY MOUNTAINS. THE SCENERY OF THE ALLEGHANY MOUNTAINS. Route from Baltimort to Cineinnati, via Jlarittta. — If evidence were wranttng to eon* vince the mo»t iceptical, •■ to the beaaty and grandeur of the scenery in America, we tiilnk we have only to refer to the engravings in the following pages— of a few views of some of the wildest and moat romantic mountain scenery — wliich it has been our fortune to witness, anywhere. The tourist who has probably climbed Ben Lomond and other points of Hcotia's charm- ing scenery, will find in Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia a great similarity — only, that the eye in reaching to the top of the mountains in that portion of the United States^ the liiils will be founded densely wooded to their very summit In the summer time therefore, it may easily he imagined the great difference in looking up toward the tops of those hills on the Susquehanna and Potomac, and how much more agreeable to the senses the effect must be, than gazing on the snow-capped summit of Ben Nevis — or Ben Mav- dhui (Scotland). We candidly confess that our previous ideas of Scottish glen and moun- tain scienery which stood par exetllanee in our estimation has somewhat been upset — wheu visiting the route in question, aud that the scenery of old Scotia must take its rank only alongside that of the Susquehanna and the Potomac. On that account, therefore, we have devoted a greater amount of space than we originally intended to this region of the "mountain and the flood," simply to induce if posrible, tourists in search of nature's grandest works, to pay these districts a visit — before they return home. By Uieir not doing BO, they will lose a great treat, and be, comparatively speaking, ignorant of the beauties of American scenery — a matter on which we fear there Is a considerable amount of ignorance and error amongst many who consider themselves even great travellers in the "old country" — as well as many even in America. These districts now being thoroughly opened np— the tonrist — the painter — and the sportsman, has every facility (accompanied with moderate expenditure) for enjoying them- selves — to their hearts content — without let or hindrance, and the sportsman without be- ing obliged to have his game license— and pay smartly for "liberty to shoot over the grounds." Leaving Baltimore, you proceed on for 9 miles to VTashinr^ton Jnnotion, at which there is a handsome and substantial stone bridge. (See engraving.) Near to this point, the Patapsco breaks through the rocky gorge, and finds its way to the Chesapeake — whilst the hillddes in the vicinity are studded with the country seats of the BalUmore merchants. VIEW OP THE IRON BRIDGE AND SCENERY AT ELLYSVILLB, TWBNTT-ONB MILES FROM BALTIMORB. ii M y. =^ 8 '"• I a: s i ^ i ■< »< SCKNEKY OK THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. 9 A fpw miles on, you croM the river at the Ilchcitor Mill, in • very rugged part of the val- ley — croHing the Tatterion viaduct, and thortly reach the town of Klliuott't Mllli — iltuated prettily on the fuce of the hill*. Five mile* further on, you arrive at Ellytville, where there it an iron bridge, 340 feet long, which ipant the river. (Heu engraving of it — and scenery in the neighborhood.) Further on, you cross the I'atapsco by another Iron bridge of 60 feet span — dash through a tunnel 100 feet long. Passing the pretty village of Hykcsville, you are now In the heart of the mineral region. After that, the train pro- ceeds past I'arr's Uidgo — from the top of which a magniflount view Is obtained. Tliruugh the Monocaoy valley, you cross the famous " Currull Manor" land, between the Catootin and Hugar Loaf, on toward* the " Point of Rocks," of which wo give • view. The marble— t POINT OF ROCKS, WITH TBB BALTIMOBB AND OHIO RAILROAD AND CUEBAPIAKB AND OHIO OANAL— 8EVENTT MILH FBOU BALTIHOBI. of which the variegated columns of the old Xational Legislative Halls at Washington are built — is found in a cut which you pass on approaching this spot Passing the Potomac, and along the base of the hills, you pass the villages of Berlin and Knoxville, and the " Wever- ton" factories in the pass of South Mountain — shortly reaching the far-famed scenery of " Harper's Ferry," of which the renowned Thomas Jefferson said, that the passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge was " one of the most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage across the Atlantic to witness." Here the beautiful River Shenandoah joins the Potomac immediately below the bridge. (See our engraving of Harper's Ferry.) 10 HAHPBK'b FERKY, VIROINIA. HARPER'S FERRT. FROM TRB MABTLAKD BID! OT TBI POTOMAC AT TBB COHrLCRNOB OF THAT RITRR WITB TBB 8BBNAMD0AB. The bridge which you here cross ti 900 feet long— of 6 srohet of 180 feet— one of 78 feet over the river, and one of 100 feet span over the cansL The national armorio* are located here— and ooonpying to mnch ground, the inhabitants are obliged to build their dwellings high up on the face of the hilL The beauty of the scenery here is of the finest order — language failing to give an adequate idea of it. One of the chief points is that of Jefferson Rock — a great, overhanging cliff— so balancod as if threatening to fall down — like some destructive avalanche (See engraving.) Leaving Harper's Ferry, and the Potomac River, you pass up the ravine of the Elkbranch —arriving shortly at the rolling table-land of the " Valley of Virginia." Passing onwards, the crossing of the " Opequan" Creek — tlie open valley of Tuscarora Creek, you arrive at Martinsburg. Leaving there, you cross Back Creek, opening up again the valley of the Potomac, with magnificent views of the North Mountain and Sideling Hill. Passing Fort Frederick, of 1766 history, you reach Hancock, the station for Berkley Springs-^a favorite watering resort Proceeding westward, you shortly enter a tunnel 1200 feet long — passing along the base of the Warm Spring Ridge — and the termination of the Cacapon Mountain, opposite to a remarkable eminence called the " Ronnd Top." You then cross the Great Cacapon River, over a bridge SOO feet long. Passing along, you enter the gap of Sideling Hill — until the tunnel at Doe Gully is entered, and from tiiere to Little Cacapon Creek, H miles from Cumberland — at which point some very fine views are obtained. (See en- graving of Potomac scenery — between Berkley Springs and Cumberland.) Passing on through some of the richest bottom land on the river — and through some ex- quisite mourtain scenery — you reach Patterson's Creek. Shortly after which, you cross the Potomac again, by an iron bridge, 700 feet long, carrying you out of Virginia into Maryland, which you left at Harper's Ferry. The "Mountain City" of Cumberland is It. GRAND POTOMAC VALLEY VIEW. nOK TBI OILnRATID JimsaON BOOK— ■lORTT-Olll MIUtB FBOM BALTIMOBI. HCENERY ON THE POTOMAC— bbtwibn bbbklbt 8PBIN0S and odhbbbland. I It PIKDMONT, "rr>'. Itri|)(*iit'triitili> |MiMt>»— yiiii criMMi tint I'litmiittK •K'*'"> "' llliH)iiilii|{t»ii, wlit. Y<>ii thi'ii imut on to iIik tiioiith of Criili lr<'i> ('rcik— rruch Alliuiiniit, 'l,l^W ffi't IiIkIi, tlin Krcati'nt i'li'vatlon on tli« roiit«, and lli« lilKlii'«t point of till' Alli'Kliunli-*, Ttili rKKioii In fainou* for i>xtllt>nt liuttcr, iniitton, alinmlaiit vi-nlMm anil olIitT KAiix' — InnntnrrnMii Ironl *lri>amii, ullvi< with •|N)lti'il lipniitli-a. Yoii |iriH'iil on til tliK " kIikIi'i," orniitiiral nivailowii, till yinirfai'liOnklnnil— iiKalUil In theai-ntraof tlii<»t>— W'i mill'* from Hiiltlmori'. I.fAvInK th»ri<, you |mim tli« full* of tlin Hnowy (Vi'i'k, iiml ■liortly nrrlvp at Cmnlti-rry Summit, *J,OAu f«i't IiIkIii aikI <'iit<>r U|Mia tliit |{raili>«, to ili-Mi>nd th<> WfntiTn *lo|>i<(, toward* the Ohio, i(«>ttlnK th« flr*t Kllm|)«e of the " wcitprn world," and Minio of till* flni-«t vluw* of mountain n'cnvry, a* you |mi«i alou^. Wo kIva an mgnivlDx ^..Jh.f4 DISTANT MOUNTAIN VIEW. raOM THK CKANBKttttr OnADB, TWO nUNUHKD AMD TUBII MILIS rilUH BALTlMORa. of one of thi'«i', from the "Crnnberry Orado." Di-docndlnff for II mile*, you arrlvo iit thi> ci'h'liniti'd Ctioat Ulvcr; hit i>iif{rnvinKHof tliU wonderful roglon — " View on the Chi'Ht HIviT Orndo," and "Hkoti-h of tlio VUvat lUvcr Viilliy." For a di'wrlptlon of the ri'inulidn^ piirt of this route, we cnnnot do better thon ipioti' from 11 work by Mr. W. 1*. Hmlth, an Intelligent officer of the Baltimore and Ohio Uullroiul. "Cheat lllver l» a nijild mountain streom, of a dark coffee-coloured water, which Is sup- poHcd to take Its hue from the forests of laurel, hemlock, and black spruce In which it has ItH rlni'. The road crosses the etroum at the foot of Cranberry Orado by a viaduct. This is composed oi' two noble spans of iron, riKifed in on abutments, and a ])lcr of solid freestone taken from i\ neighbouring quarry. Arrived at this point, you enter the ' Cheot River Valley,' which presents by for the grandest and most boldly plct\irc»que scenery to be found on the lino of this road, and one of the finest series of railroad views on this conti- nent. For sev.^rol miles you run along the steep niountoln-slde, clinging, as It were, to the gigantic cliffs, the cars like great cages suspended — though upon the safest and most solid of beds — midway, as it were, between heaven and earth. At one moment the view Is confined to the Immediate locality, hemmed In on every side by the towering mountain spurs. At the next, a slight curve In the road opens to view fine stretches of the deep 14 iCKNKMY UN Till OIIKAT HIVKK. v*IUj, wlUi th« (larli Hr*r Hnwtnt alonff It* bottom, •n«ii (Ivivc'iiilliiit from ili« |i««k* tii lh« waltr't «tlg«. VIKW ON THE "i;nKAT KIVKR (JIIADK." AT TUI THAT NUN IBON AND NTONI VIAIII'CT, TWO HI.'NI)NRI> AND rirrr-MVRM Hlf.M r*OM aALTIMOHK. Tlio engineering dKHcuItlct uvcrooniit in the |Nirt of tin' roml, wllliln tin- tlntt fnw hiIIm wt':, iniiHt huve lieen rery great, )mt the rough |>lnet'* have lic«n roado •mouth aa tiie proirlo loveli, After croMlng the river itielf at Kowlunlturg, the next SKETCH OF TIIK CHEAT RIVER VAFJ-EY. TUB POIKT WBRBI THK HAIL LKAVCi THE BIVKll AND PROCKEIM OH TOWAHDM RINOWmHI TI'NNRU ) Tl NNKL. ' MMniMY AT TIIR •ititArrOM Jt'NttlON. |p (Hilnl U lu •M«ni| alonK lu iHMikt lh« "<'W«Mt Klv«r llllt," Tti« r«vln« ttt Ky«r'* Uum, * mil* f^ii«M ill* lirliltfo, 7*1 Umi il«ii|>, U uriiMc^l < « miIIiI •nilmiikmonl, Tli«n, ^Avr iMiklty mililiiK nlMnit llix •!«• p riixliy litll alilo, yuii maiti lluuli oy* ll>''llow, «hli'h U |im f>'vl liaUiw thu imi'l Irvnl, mill fliinlly I'niiio iu'l'my |(iiu<, t«Mi'tKlii of (An fixt uliov* lla orltftnal li«ti|(, fiiiiti'il oii « iii«Mt»K Ima* nf iiiii«>nry pllixl u|i\y mui\ KrniKl ■irufliit'i* wlili'h •■> *|>lvn Ilia iw rth, nnd til' wlili'li la ira«ti, ra|Hm|iiK In Ui wraith uf wUilarni'M imiIIiuiIii f»r, far lu'luw. At Caaaltly'a UtilK>', iirarly a inlla Diiitn tlia Hvar, anil HO nillra f^oin (^unilirrlainl, yoit wnUr th« |{i'''al tl<'li« viitlr* i'iiiii|i|)i(|i)u of the riwil, a track wna lalil aoriHW tliU att't'i) •uiiinilt, wllli an aicniit of a>t>t to tlia tiillo, oviT whirl) Iron for tlm Irnck wxatwanl y>n* hnulfil hy a looonintlvo onxln*', which |iro|M>lli>il a alnt(l<* car at a lluiv, wi-IkIiIhk with Ih loul wall of tin* Allt'KliunU>« wiia |il>'ri'i>i| hy tha KIiikwimhI Tunnvl, throiiKli which you paaa. Tlila aulitcrrancun puaanKM, 4,I(M) fret In lanitth — not InnUnilnK ita " iipjiroiich cuta" — wna tnitilc. TIki ontiro coat of thn lunnvl, lu all Ita alanicnta, haa ex- ccetlcil f |,ii(M),(H)()l |Jk<< nil tho other tiiiincU on thia road It la now omlurlnKly arclicil, Lcitviii)^ KlnKWood Tiinnoi, tho Hnn for A nilloa tlcaccnita a1ont( a atccp hlllaiilc to llicrlan rock, ovorlaylnit ft Vein of coal )l feet thick, which la aeun on th« floor of tlie tunnel. Frotn Ncwiiuri;, weat- wnrd, tho routu purtuoa tho valloya of Itaccuon and Thr«)u Furka' C'r«ek, which proacnt no GKAFTON. ' ; JIINCTlO.t or UALTIHOItlC AND OHIO WITH NOIITMWKaTBRX VIRdlNIA RAILRO,\n, '271) UILEM FROM BALTIMOniC. Ttic Ronil to WheolliiK l> (h'oii In tin- fcvn>f(r<>unil, wtillo the Uni\(l lo Pnrkemliurn croaaoa tho T.VK»rl'i Val- ley Klvvr by tbe nuw Iron llrlUgv. Thv Koud Wurkaliii|ia and tlic now llutvl arv •t-vii In tho forkii. , SI i'i 16 SCENERY ON THE MONONOAHELA AND TYOART'S VALLEY. J. features of difflcnlty, to the mouth of the latter, 101 miles ft-om Cumberlond, »t the Ty- gort's Volley River, ot Grafton, the Junction of the Baltimore and Ohio with the Nurth> western Vlr((inia Road, the newly-completed branch line to Parkcriburg on the Ohio. IVoceodlng on along the main stem of the Boltlmore and Ohio Railroad, you now pro- ceed on to Wheeling, and thence per Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus, and from there along one of the best made llres In the country, as well as through the beautiful valley of the Little Miami River, till you reach Cincinnati. Leaving, therefore, Qrafton, you now proceed on to Fetterman, where the Turnpike to Parkersburg and Marietta crosses the river. The route from Fetterman to Fuu'mount has but one very striking feature. The Tygart^s Valley River, whose margin it fallows, is a beautiful and winding stream, of gentle current, evuept at the Falls, where the river descends, principally by 8 or 4 perpendicular pitches, some 70 foet in about a mile, A mile and a half above Falrmount, the Tygart's Valley River and the West Fork River unite to form the Monongahela — the first being the larger of the two confluents. A quarter of a mile below their junction, the railroad crosses the Monongahela, upon a ▼iaduct 660 feet long, and 80 feet above low water surface. The lofty and massive abut- ments of this bridge support an iron superstructure of 8 arches of 200 feet span each, and which forms the largest iro7i bridge in America, The road, a mile and a half below Fairmount, leaves the valley of the beautiful Monon- gahela and ascends the winding and picturesque ravine of Buffalo Creek, a stream some 25 miles in length. The creek is first crossed 6 miles west of Falrmount, and again at two points a short distance apart, and about 9 miles further west. About 11 miles beyond Falrmount we pass the small hamlet of Farmington, and 7 or 8 miles further is the thriving village of " Mannington," at the mouth of Piles' Fork of Buffalo — thence to the head of Piles' Fork. Numerous tributaries open out pretty vistas on either hand. This part of the JUNCTION OP THE MONONGAHELA AND TYGABTS VALLEY RIVERS, WITH THE OBBAT IBON BRIDGB OE08SIKO THE FOBHBB. valley, in its summer dress, is singularly beautiful After reaching its head at Glover's Gap, 28 miles beyond Fairmount ^he road passes the lidge by deep cuts, and a tunnel 860 feet long, of curious shape, forming a sort of Moorish arch in its roof. From this summit, (which divides the waters of the Monongahela from those of the Ohio,) the line descends by Church's Fork of Fish Creek — a valley of the same general features with the one just passed on the eastern side of the ridge. Passing the " Burton" station, the route continues down stream to the crossing of a tributary called " Cappo Fork," 4 miles from Glover's Gap. The road now becomes winding, and in the next 4 miles you cross the creek 8 times ; SCENERY ON THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. 17 •Im), 8ole't Tunnt \, 112 f«ot ; Eaton'i Tnnnel, S70 feet ; and Martln't Tunnel, 180 feet long ^the flrit, a low-browed opening, which looks as If It would knock off the sinoke-plpe of the en|(lne; the next, a regular arched roof; and the third, a tall narrow slit in the rook, lined with timber* lofty enough to be taken for part of a church steeple. Shortly after, the route turns up the ravine of " Board Tree Hun," after passing through a high spur at ita mouth by a furniidablo out mere than 60 feet deep through slate rock. Thence it as- cends the eastern bank of the run just named, cutting and tilling heavily along a precipi- tous hill side, until it reaches the point 48 miles west of Fuirmount, where the temporary road loaves the permanent grade. Leaving Board Tree Tunnel, the line descends along the hill side of the North Fork of Fish Creek, crossing ravines and spurs by deep iillinga and cuttings, and reaching the level of the flats bordering the creek at Bell's Mill ; soon after which it crosses the creek and ascends Hart's Run and Four Mile Run to the Welling Tunnel, 60 miles west of Falrmount, and 28 from Wheeling. From the Welling Tunnel tho line pursues the valley <>f Grave Creek, 17 miles to its mouth at the Flats of Qrave Creel; on the Ohio River, 11 miles below Wheeling. The approach to the bank of the Ohio River, at the village of Moundsvllle, is very beau- tiful. The line emerging from the defile of Grave Creek, passes straight over the " flats" which border tho river, and forms a vast rolling plain, in the middle of which looms up the great " Indian mound," 80 feet high and 200 feet broad at its base. There is also the sepa- rate village of Elizabethtown, half a mile from the river bank, the mound standing between two towns and looking down upon them both. The " flats" embrace an area of some 4000 acres, about three-fourths of which lie on the Virginia, and the remaining fourth on the Ohio side of the river. The soil Is fertile and well cultivated, and the spot posgesses great interest, whether for Us agricultural richness, its historic monuments of past ages, or the beauty of its shape and position as the site for a large city. About 8 miles up the river from Moundsvllle, the " flats" terminate, and tho road passes for a mile along rocky narrows washed by the river, after which it runs over wide, rich, and beautiful bottom lands all the way to Wheeling. (See Wheel- ing.) The whole length of the road to Wheeling is'78 miles from Fairmount, 201 miles from Cumberland, and 380 milos TUB GREAT iNDiAK MOUND, MODNDSviLLB. from Baltimore. Prom Wheeling proceed per the Central Ohio Railroad to Columbus, thence per Little Miami River Railroad from Columbus to Cincinnati. Passengers from Baltimore and Wheeling going direct to Niagara Falls, proceed on from Columbus via Cleveland to Buf- falo, and from there to tho Falls. But no one who has not visited Cincinnati, should neg- lect the opportunity of doing so when at Columbus. Travellers who prefer the more south- ern route may diverge from the main stem of the Baltimore and Ohio Road at Grafton, and take its North-western Virginia Branch to Parkeraburg. Should the tourist prefer that route, we annex the following particulars:— From Grafton yon now proceed to Parkersburg, 104 miles off. Orafton is pleasantly situated amid some picturesque scenery at the three forks of the 'Tygart's Valley River, one of the main branches of tho Monongahela River— of which we give an engraving where the two join near Fairmount — the great gas-coal region. Clarksburg, Va., 22 miles from Grafton, prettily located in a more open country, is the centre of a grazing district, from which Baltimore obtains a considerable installment of her finest beef. The county town of Harrison, is one of the richest portions of the State. An immense business is done on the line of the road in staves, of which you will see enough, apparently, to barrel the Mississippi ; or, if that figure is not strong enough, coop up all I If; ■ 18 PAHKERSBURO — THE KANAWHA RIVEK. the whisky which flosti down the " father of water«" and it* tributaries. Tlie country traversed by tlie road is exceedingly rich in minerals. Of coal, its supplies are inexhaustible, Ten miles cast of Parkersburg, you strike the bank of the Little Kanawhu River, and bowl down its quiet valley to the Ohio terminus of tliu North-western Virginia Road, 883 miles from Baltimore. The depot at this place Is one of the largest in the United States, being over 800 feet In length. It will safely enclose 16 of the largest class cars- has storage-room for 1 0,000 barrels of flour — and, altogether. Is one of the most fltly arranged railroad stations to be met with. It fronts its entire length on the Kanawha River, and is only about 100 yards from the Ohio. Tlie town of Parkersburg is advantageously located on a high bluff at the junction of the Ohio with the Kanawha. Though civilization has somewhat modified and tamed the natural appearance of the locality, It yet presents much to remind one of the still current legends of the trials and struggles of which it was the scene in the early history of West- ern Virginia. There b scarce n point In sight which has not connected with It some tale of bloody massacre, or thrilling hair-breadth escape, or undying deed of bravery In re- sistance to savage outrage. Tlio town presents on every side abundant evidence of vigorous growth and extra- ordinary prosperity. The town contains six modem-built church edifices, occupied by as many different denomlnatlonsi It also boasts a sound bank, two daily papers, a number of steam flour and saw mills, and several mnnufaotorles. One of the latter, a wooden- ware establishment, uses up every particle of wood brought within Its walls, turning out every thing in the shape of wooden ware, from a whisky barrel to a match box. Standing upon the bluff in front of the town is had a fine view of Blannerhasset Island, a little way down the Ohio River, with its wild and natural beauties. After a brief stay at Parkersburg, you proceed on board the steamers which arc lying in wait at the levee to convey you to Marietta. Swinging out into the strea n, the vessel proceeds leisurely up the river toward Marietta, some eleven miles distant F :om Marietta you proceed by rail to Cincinnati The preceding as well as i allowing account of route to Cincinnati is taken, for the most part, from a work treating on those districts by Mr. W. P. Smith, of Baltimore. SCKNEKV I»KTW1;KX roMIMHUS AN1> CINCINNATI. 1(» ^ S. r = 2 I f O B- It c ■ C ' a 2. O rjj^ a C i s 3- ? 3 t3 si S- c- r S- a £• ^ O a. O w 2 n S- W o ,'" 3. ■'< S- li, "^ 3 tt . a a S » S3 CO n> CD -A ' o 4 g «^ S- H :r C hO to £, » -.. S B> "5 a' £, a to C'^ C a 5. S. 1— I P Cj K" £■ ir 5 n a so THE LITILK MIAMI UIVEK AND ItAILitOAD. I •5 5 $ 9 J s ^ " 5 s i s Is O r^ || 2 « »0 a g §■? < «r X i s •c o is s E 2 -S H « ^ is i ^ ROUTE FKOM COLUMBUS TO TUE 8EAB0AKD. 21 the river, until It Anally reache* the far-famed " Qneon City of the Weit" (See Cincinnati.) Oninibuicii wait there upon the arrival of every train, to oonvuy iwuengcri and bag gage to any addreu In the olty. COLUMBUS TO BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA, AND NEW YORK. Pamenoebs deitlrous of leaving Culumbu* for either of these cltlei, can do (o by varlou* route*, AS can be seen by our Table of Distances, etc.. In connection with Columbus. Presuming you wish to go to Ualtlinorc, you proceed via the Central Ohio lUllroad, which extends to Newark, through a partially cleared country, with no features of particular Interest. Thirty-three miles distant you reach Newark. The Sandusky, Mansfield, and Newark Railroad, running from Uandusky City, on I.ake Erie, here Intersects the Central Ohio Rail- road, and gives It a connection with north-west Ohio and beyond. Tlie Steubenvllle and Indiana Uailrond also tennlnates here, ond connects at Steubenvllle with the Ohio Rivoi- Road to I'lttsburg. From Newark, 26 miles' progress brings the train to Zanesville, the county scat of Muskingum, ono of tlie richest counties in Ohio, emi. racing in its area the valleys of the Muskingum and Licking Rivers, which have their confluence at that |M>lnt, and abound with mineral and agricultural advantages. The city has a population of about 18,000, and is a neat, well built, and prosperous place. An hour's ride from Zanesville, through the fertile Leatherhead valley, brings the train to the ancient town of Cambridge, situated at the crossing of the old National Turnpike Road, over Wills' Creek. For many miles on each side of Cambridge, the Central Railroad runs close to, and parallel with, the National Road. From Cambridge the Central Ohio Road continues its course for fifty miles through a rich, rolling country, the agricultural features of which, its richness of soil, abundance of heavy timber, and large herds of stock, will al- ways arrest and gratify the eye of the traveller, until you reach Bellaire. At Bellaire you proceed by steamer on the River Ohio across to Benwood In Virginia. Storted in the cars from there, you proceed swiftly past Moundsvllle, Cameron, Welling Tunnel, and other places of interest, and finally approach the western slope of the Alle- ghanles. You soon approoch to the Monongahela River, above the beautiful towns of Falrmount and Palatine, with the picturesque wire suspension bridge uniting them. Tlie great 020 foot iron bridge, too, by which the railroad crosses the Monongahela, a mile east of Falrmount, stands out as a remarkably strong and beautiful structure. The views along the Tygort's Valley River, between the Monongahela and Grafton, for twenty miles, with the " Valley River Falls," are among the objects most admired, so far, upon this route. Passengers fur Pittsburg go by rail from Bellaire to Steubenvllle, and thence to Pittsburg. Passengers for Wheeling go by rail from Benwood thence. After leaving Benwood Station you reach Grafton, thence proceed on to Cumberland, Martinsburg, Horpcr's Ferry, on to Baltimore. Passengers from Cincinnati or Columbus, for Philadelphia or New York direct, and de- sirous of seeing the scenery of the Allughanies, and Susquehanna River, proceed via Wheel- ing or Pittsburg, thence to Philadelphia and New York direct The journey from Pitts- burg to Philadelphia should by all means, if possible, be made by daylight. A description of the route from Grafton to Baltimore, ond views of scenery on the line, will be found given elsewhere, in connection with the trip on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- road from Baltimore to Cincinnati via Marietta, 22 TU£ BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. THE BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. TiiK Itnltinioro and Ohio Itullrond wa» the flnt llnx whioh wan opened for goods ond pos«'nK«rii in the United St«te«, and connoriucntly niny ho UtmumI tlin FiilluT of rullrond* in thia country. It ha* proved also a tort of nuraery for roarln||{ railway mwl^tuntx, fur all the other roadH in the country. It extends from liultimoro (Maryland) t^i rurkvrtiliur); on the liank« of the < )hio — lienou the name Kaltimoro and Ohio Huilroad. We aubjuin a fow i>articulari rotpccting thia Una of road, which may bo found Intcreating : EXTENT AND GENERAL niARACTERIKTlca OK TIIIC ROAD. /.tngth or lAnt. Miln. Muln line of roail— Baltimore to WheollnR 1179 WuDlilnglon Junction (nine nillei from llaltlmoru) to Waihlngton City SU Mount Clare Junction to Lncuit Point HhlniilnK HtAllon, at Baltimore 8 Monocucy Htatlon, on the Main Htem, to Kreilerick City 8 Graftou, on the Muln Ktem, (270 milet from Baltimore) to Parkenburg, on the Ohio lUver 104 Total length of tint track 610 Length of accoml track (Incluillng lOtl KldlnK*) on the Main Stem 819 Seconit truck In alillnKri upon the WaHlihiKtoM llrnnch T Second track In HlUluga upon the Northwcitt-m Vlrglnlu Koad t Total length of track ovrncd and worked by the llultlmnre and Ohio Railroad Company 74S To this add the followin)|: oxelusivc tributnriea — Winchester and Potomac Rallvrny from llarper'i Ferry, on the Moln Stem, to Winchester, Va 83 The several lateral roada traversing the coal regions, iiuil uniting with the Main 8tein at Cumberland and Piedmont 45 Total length of road 8!i4 Heaviest permanent grade per mile 116 feet. Heaviest temporary grade, worked with locomotive S80 " longest continuous grade, (from Piedmont to Altamont,) IT mllei. Greatest altitude of road-bed above tide-water 2,A2l) feet. Weight of rail per lineal yard, on main and second truck W to 86 lbs. Number of locomotive engine-houses and shops AT Aggregate number of stalls for locomotive engines S80 Number of machinery and car repair stations 19 Number of repair shops 88 Number of water stations, (on the Main Stem, TO; on the Northwestern Virginia Road, 11; on the Wash- ington Uranch, 4,) M Number of telegraph stations 80 Number of freight and passenger stations, (Main Stem, 62 ; Washington Branch, 8 ; Northwestern Vir- ginia Uoad, \\^ 86 Number of tunnels between Baltimore and Wheeling 14 Totol length of tunnelling 12,fl(U feet. Length of tunnelling solidly arched with stone, Iron or brick, 12.004 " Number of bridges between Baltimore and Wheeling 196 Total length of bridging 1B,08S feet. Length of new Iron railroad bridges comjdeted, mostly with double track 8,T10 " Length of stone bridgesi completed 6,240 " Length of wooden Imdgcs completed 4,088 " Number of tons of freight hauled In 18ST 896,401 Number of tons of freight hauled one mile In 188T 202,862,401 Number of oiUceri and employees 4,960 SCENEUV IN' PE.VNrtVLVANrA. 28 jfiif. 1170 80 a 8 ■ 104 , MO . il3 T T T40 83 45 an 280 13 88 94 80 THE SUSyrElIANNA AND JUNIATA lloUTB rROM FliaADRU'lllA To riTTIIBVlia, AND TIIR Vt»T, TiiK iiaturo 4)f thu country nloiif^ tlilit rotitn U ulinlliir, Iti Nntiio rcitpcctB, to tlin jn'oocdlng cdif, II |i(irtloii iif tlio «!flnory |M'rtitliilti^ to tlio mimo rutii^i' of iiioiintuliiK, viz., Ilm Alli<{^lia- nU'K, Tlirotighout tlio ciitlro route, liowoviT, tnkun on ii wliolti, tliu nconcry on tlio IViinsyl- vuiilii llnu, in much moro iiilnluod In I'hnnictttr, and dou* not prcRont no liirgu a pruimrtiun of wild, romantic iconory, qk ii« to l>o noon on tlio Jinltlmoro nnd Ohio Ilond, Till! I'oniisylvaniu ronto U ono of tlio great highways, from tho Atlantlo dcalionrd to tho Wc«t«rn Rtoton, and in ono of tho l)c»t manoged, nnd host nituh linen in tho country. Tlio scenery portolns chiefly to tho heoutiful Rivent Huitquehanna and Jiinittta, nnd their trilmtaricd, whilst along their banks, as well as In llio Wyoming dUtrlct, views of tho wildest mountoin, nnd finest lundscnpo nnd river scenery, nro to bo met with. The Husquohanna is tho largest river in Pennsylvania, rising in Otsego Lake, Htato of Now York, and runs through tho entire breadth, from north to south, of i'eniisylvania, through the windings of tlie vnlleys of the AUeghanles, uud tho coul districts, until it reaches the oueuo, iu all about 000 mllei loug. THE GREAT COLUMBIA BRIDGE ACROSS THE SUSQUEHANNA. It is impossible, in our limits, to do any thing like justloe to the beautiful scenery of this route. To represent such, wo havT selected a view of the magnificent Columbia Bridge, which crosses the Susquehanna, near Columbia village. This bridge, which is more than a mile long, crosses the river at a spot where tho scenery is particularly pleasing. Tlie river there is studded with numerous islands, reposing, as it were. In a magnificent basin, which, with the lofty hills wooded to their tops, presents a sceno of great beauty. Tlirough a portion of tho sarao district flows the beautiful Juniata, an engraving of which wo glvo from a drawing by Jesse Talbot, an American artist Few rivers In the States afford a finer field for the tourist, or artist, than tho Juniata. This river is about 200 miles in length, and takes its rise at the foot of tho Alleghany Mountains, and flowing for about 14 miles, falls into the Susquehanna at Ilarrisburg, Penn- sylvania. Tho country through which it runs, is diversified by limestone valleys, and mountain ridges, in which iron and coal are abundant. The scenery along its course, is in the highest degree picturesque. J 24 RCENE ON TUE JUNIATA. From nil we hcup, tlio beautiful scenery in the Stnto of PennBj'lvnnin, anJ, in fnct, tlui ■whole mountain rnnge of the Allef^hnnios, nnd the rivers traversing the vnlloyi*, arc, ooni- porativoly Apeaking, unknown. Now, however, that the communication to and from tliesu districts is so frequent nnd easy, nnd that the accommodation for tourists is every year in- creasing, wo have little doubt but that such scenes ns above reprcsicntod, will bo more than ever visited by all in search of the beautiful in nature. Bayard "nylor, the celebrated Amorican traveller and writer, thus speaks regarding the scenery of ihe Juniata : — " At the commencement of June, when the leaves are fully expanded and retain their fresh and beautiful green, the warmth, brightness, nnd richness of the landscapes of this region are the very embodiment of the spirit of summer. Tlio forests are piled maeees of gorgeous foliage, now stretching like a rampart over the hills, now following some winding water-course, and now broken into groves and clumps, dotting the undulations of the grain nnd grass fields. In the trim and careful beauty of England, and the l)road gar- den of the Rhine plain, one sees nothing of this prodigality of bloom and foliage — this luxury of nature." MINKKAL KE80URCE8 IN 8TATE Or MIAflOURI. 25 MINERAL RES0UUCE8 OF MIHSOURI. TiiK Iron Miiuntaln, of wlilch w« ^Ive • ikctch, alTonl* imo of th« nuHit Impoainff MmpUi of tliii nilMiTnl wealth of the HUt« of MUkoiirl which w« could powlldy |>rimciit. Iron Mounlnlii W uttimttil tu St. FrnncoU County, In Iho •»mlhi>niit |i«rt of MImouH, a few nillv* from rotoil, wIkti! vaUmliln luml mine* nro •Ituntod, tlio uro yielding 70 to 8<) jkt cent, of nictul. It ii bImiuI 4 to feet high, nnd 1| nillct tontt. Tho ylvld of uro U ilO per cent, of [Ag, of a i|Uikllty Mtld to he nupcrlor to Norwe|{liin or HwedUh Iron. Dr. Feuchtwiknifer otlninten that tietween Iron Mountain and I'llot Knot — another lUch mine of wealth in the lumo •toto— there ore 000,000,000 tuni of Iron ore. UexardinK tho Iron Mountain it i* lald " it* whole top i» a lolid muM uf iron, and one Men nothing hut Iron lump*, a>i far ai tho eye con reach." A plank road extend* from Iron Mountain, a dlRtanco of 42 mllet, to St. Orneviove, n port on the Mlititlii»lppi, til mlleit below Ht I»ul«, to which tho manufactured ore in iihlpped from iho work* at Iron Mountain. A railroad U In pro){rvs« of hoing laid, which will form the conncctin)( link hotween Ht. LouU and Iron Mountain. Regarding tho general mineral reitourcei uf Mliwourl, we may hero quote from ■ writer on IhU Ruhject: — " The mineral region of MUaourl occuple* nn area of about 18,000,000 acre*. Ai early n« 1718 It wait deiH'rilied in a French chart as 'au payii pleln de mines.' It oxtcndB from the head waters of the St. Francis to tho Maramec Kiver, a distance of about 70 miles In length, and from tho MlHi*lsi«lp[ii, in a south-wexterly direction, about 00 miles. The eleva- tion of tho district above the sea level vurles from 000 to 1,200 feet. The climate is equnblo and salubrious, and tho superincumbent su enjoys such facilitioH of BUpptli)n of tli« wi<*t<>ni |Mir- lldii ipf lliii Mftttm, wi> linvc i-oni'liiilnl fxr thu iiri'xi'lit not III I'lili'iiil tlii> lliiiltK of our liifiiniiittloti fitrtln'r Wi'nt Ihnii tlml. of tlm MiMiiurt VitlUy — iiml nlllimiKli Ni'lirii>kik ntiil Kuti«ii« foriiii'il no |Nii't in llix nrlt^liiitl ^iIhii, III lliii |iiil>lli'»lliiii of till* Work, yi't, rotii tint Kr''i*t •'iiilKrnllon tiinvi'irii'iil In tliiit. iltri'i'llon, of Inlii, w<> liitVK llimiiflit It iwIvImi Ititi III kIv» iIim fiilliiwInK ili'tulU uf llmt wiiii- ilrrfiil ri'Klon, alllioii^li not from oiii' own <*x|ii'rU'ni'i*, nut Inivliit; n* y>'l Ixnl an (i|i|>iir' tiinlty nf |i«n<>triktlii|( mi fur wi'M. In ooinc fulnrii cillilon of thl* work, wn iiiny Ixi nlilo to pri'iicnt mii'li, from oiir own olmi-rviitlon — iniMintlnic, wn fonipllu from wliut ii|i|>i'iirit to III to li<< Ik rflhklilo notli'o of tliU tirrliorv, whli'li nppi'Arol In tlio Xutth Amn-irim AV- vifip, fur iliily, IH.'^H, In n rfvU'w, In tliikt Joiirnikl, of two work* Intoly |iuliU»huil on that part uf thd Union. AftiT ili-ncrlliln^ tliat portion of th« coun- try wi"tt of Nul>raMkii nml Kanwn, whirli U cointlili'ri'il lu li« uiiiK'iilralilu a* a Held for i>rni|;ratloii, tlie wrltor aHk*:— " What I'lfnot will till' Iniportnnt fact liavi- on tlu'rtx yoiiti^ tcrrltorlfn tlu'iniclvt'it, nit well nn on the country at lnr)(it aulted for the hHch of vaitt man- ufactorlcH. There run rivers wliime (le«cent», aiul whoike eapaciouitneiiit adapt them a» well lo turn the wheel an to Irrigate the land. There, underdcath a soil which can Hupport A nilHiuii of workmen, are iu)rettd layers of coal which will form the fuel for tcim of thou^'andi) of mpmre miles. There U the Iron which in to form both tho entwine and the staple — the arm that flrikcK, n* well as the materia) which Ih Mriick. Hero, in fact, are the great furnishing warcrooins, where the people of California will exchange their gold and cpiicksilver, and those of Oregon their flsli anil luiiilicr, for the hardware, the cloths, und the furniture which the manufactories of the Missouri Valley will produce. . . . Freight amounting to five dollars per 10(» weight will bo o sufticlent protection to force the manu- factories of the Missouri Valley at once Into energetic action." If manufactured there, heavy goods will be able to be sold 2i) jier cent, less than those brought from the facto- ries In Connecticut or Pennsylvania. " When the time comes for the inland transportation of the goods of India and China from the Pacific to tho Atlantic, it will be found that there is one route whoso chea])- t IvMl, for hrnvv |{o«hI»— will ennbU It to oiiibid all eonipi'lllor*.", . . , " Th« ('o< liimlila lllver, while It form* on« va*t ami iiikvlgikliln ulreaiii fromthn oeeau tutliM e«ntr« of th« Oregon plain*, fiare* out at the Inttir point Into three fork*, each of which oll'ern a pa**, and the only |Hkiti>)-* Iuth ueeeRnltile lliroiigli the Itoeky Moiintnln*. It U the Co- lumliln alonw that iioliU Ih* key* to thu pu**eit of th« mountain*, from which, on th« eaatern- niimt *lile, run thu Iriluitarle* of the I'Inlte. The fork* of tlin Columbia will, lliprefme, have one kIiIu of them the only navigable water* lending to thu Piielfic, und on llif other the only hlghwuyik through whose mountain gate* the locomotive can course to thu MiMtiurl Valley." That the Platte ami the Kan«a* nre Incapable of navigation, we think U abuiidantiv proved ; but It It eipinlly clear that the valleys through which they run are the natural vonrae* through whicli the eannl must be oiiened and the railway laid. Thu* there will pour Into the great di'pt^t* which these frontier Klote* will jire- sent, not only the product* of Kaslern and Western America, l>ut thoio uf Chliiu und India. The corn aii to 25 miles in breadth, and occompanying the river thi'ough nearly its whole course." The soil is of u very shifting nature, and tho course of tho river very cir- cuitous. " It doubles and curves, for instance, to such nn extent around a line of 100 miles, between Leavenworth and Nebraska City, ns tu make that loO miles into 2U0. What U 28 TIIK VALLKY OT TIIK MIMUI'IU. t HTEAUINO UP TUB KIVKK MIHHUUKI. oalUt] th* ' wMt«rn Txink,' U, >ty tnrni, tK« Mjuthern and th« ••(intorn." For fnmiing purpav(>*, on th« one iido or the othiT, n rid* bottom, which, fur liimicdIatA nrodiiotlvunoM, hitt probahly no lupcrlor In tiie world. " To thli ore add- ed uniform belt* of furcct trvn, IntvrpotlnK themii'lves betwct'U tholmttom andthn IdufTii, which, along thu Htato* of town an NKUHAMKA. 'i9 Nnt uiioMMlly, lii'iUn «»fn tii Ih* •rmmnl of I An ^iiMltKla tit iha ••■ra «ra |iriM|ii«i>i|, «|ih i««rit«l|y nuy nmra |ir«|HiriitUin lh*n Iha itnlt n«r]r turnlnif nvvr, wtituli I* uMlly •l"i(a liy ibii |>lixi|(li. Krixii tha r(v*r li«*ln, rl'a t«r rmiiMi, iir aiil •(•llarv iHitiixn, at an iivrr»|(a of Oh) fcal friMii til* rfvar Uvd, uml •lulling urnl nwoapioK away till thay rvanh, kHiiaUiiiH, tlia pnlrlwo ihainarUa*. y^w |>«riiian»n<'y, ila|ith, rli'hrn«lia and Kaniat, a* many a* •!« or alifhl yok* of o««n ara ainploynil at a ilnKlo |iloiiKh In hrcakUiK tha Kroiuiil for tha llrat lima. Whan om-o nptiirnml, howaviir, tha kmI roll In a alntfln ■tininiar, aftar whU'h It may hn iiloiiKhriMiy • •Inxt* yoka. Imllan aorn ind |H>tato«* Krow ii|N)n It after tha Itrtt plouKlihiK ; whi'ttt not until aflar thti (evonil. Tha prr«i>arancai of tha pralria* nf thi* MlKnoiirl ihow clt>ar vvlil«n«« of havInK, wmia oenturlaa aKo, >>««n unilar etiltlvatloii, thii li^liU, •!«., l)ulnK alaarlv traewl. TlM>y ariifoivixl In thuhait watiTvifnml rli'hwit •<<« tionn, And <«lnt( a alnKl«t trae within alifht. In tho central valli>y of the Mlnaourl, tlio cotton- wood, willow, and |Mi|ilar ■prrad tlu •iaii|dil«r>'d with tha pIcri'HiK nharpnaaa of the AtlnntU a«a>Hiard, >>r th* raw, dump, wild alnuMphara of liraat lirlialn. Tmi llaKMaa on tii* i'a^iaiM.— Thx aum- mar — to thoaa who can taka rafiiifa In tha ahada— haa nearly all Ita Icrnra rniioviMl by tha cool and |M)warful bractea by which tha pralriaa ara Incaaaantly awcjit. It la In thcaa braa«ca, In fact, that conalat* una of thn main charma of pralrl* Ufa, In thrlr uniformity. Ihair brachiK piitlty, tlidr vlKoints of rail terminating at Prnirie du Chien. At 11.30, A, M., therefore, we left Milwaukee (Wisconsin) by the train, on a most lovely day, a fresh breeze tempering the ))lazing heat of old Sol, which rendered his rays more agreeable. After whirling along pretty rapidly and smoothly, we found ourselves at a station called the Y station, a little beyond the town of Milton, and the junction of the line from Chica- go, where the tourists and travellers, going to Proirie du Chien and North, meet with those from Milwaukee. Started from this point, we bowled along over the beautiful sward of what is considered up there the unrivalled rock-prairie. Gliding swiftly olong, we in course of time, (4, p. M.,) reached Madison, the capital of Wisconsin. (See Madison.) Started from Madison, we pursued our journey down the valley of the Black Earth — named so, we presume, from the rich, black soil of the valley — whose richness, some say. will never wear out, and never require manure. After passing through the ever-varying landscape of that beau- tiful valley, we soon reach Mazomaine — wliere there is an excellent refreshment saloon. ,v^» 32 UPPER MISSISSIPPI— SUNSET. From this Htopping-place, we proceeded on, with the shadoR of evcniiiff l)pginnlng to clow upou UB, till wo rcnchvd the valley of the Wigconnin, nnd through some neat villnges which the roil has called into exlBtcnco, The WiscnuBin, which flows here — the cars cruBsiug it 8 time* — la Bomcthing of the character of tlie Missouri, rather Bhifting in its course, render- ing, by its sand banks, the navigation rather difficult Ey and by, wo arrived, at about 0, p. M., at Prairie du Chien. (See Prairie da Chien.) Having alighted from the can, we soon found ourselves on the bank of the mighty Mis* aisaippi. Arrived, therefore, at Prairie da Chien, the tourist will find his way on board the " Mil- waukee," or some other steamer in waiting — unless it be that some of last year's stcamera have "gone up in a cloud of smoke," or down into the " fearful abyss," in a determined heat with some opposition boat, since last July. On board the " Milwaukee," however, we found ourselves, a little after 9, p. m., bound for the " Far West," still scarcely realizing any thing particular, but that wo were embarking on board at Oroveaend on a trip up the Thames to London, only that the splendid steamer, and her comforts, (unknown in river navigation in Great Britain,) brought us to our recol- lection that wo were, as some Americana would say, " considerable" from home, being at Prairie da Chien, about 1800 miles from New York, and some 4800 miles from Ix)ndon, (Eng.,) and with other 800 miles up the Mississippi before we reached St. Paul. First thing to do, was to secure a state-room for the night, which being done, we soon found ourselves in the upper part of the vessel, seeing what we could all "by moonlight alone." Nothing, however, was to be seen but the mighty river stretching for in front and behind us. As we were not to start till next morning, we were soon compelled to seek the retirement of our state-room for the night. Next morning found us at an early and excellent breokfost, after which we were on deck. At 0, a. m., the night mail train, from Milwaukee and the East, lirought up the mails and ])a88engers, which, after being all safely on board, wo started off on our way north. Having formed the acquaintance of some plea^^ant company, on board, we soon found our- selves sometimes playing at draughts, hearing music, or admiring the beauties of the river scenery, and so morning, noon, and evening, passed awny. The scenery on the river is truly fine ; in some parts the little islands forming, with their green-clad vegetation, a miniature " Thousand Islands." The sides of the river were covered, for the roost part, with their summer attire of shrub- bery, the high*l)luffs showing forth in bold relief. By-ond-by wo reach La Crosse nnd Wenonn, two of the best looking, nnd busiest towns on the Upper Mississippi. Between these two towns and Trempeleau, the scenery became very tine, and what, with a beautiful sunset, (sunsets scorcely known in Britain,) beamed forth a perfect blaze of rich crimson light, tinting the islets on the river, and the tops of the bluffs on each side, oltogether forming a panorama beyond our powers of de- scription. Gradually the sun departed in the western horizon, and withdrawing with him the glorious scene before us — till at length it disappeared — ^leoving us only th« very short intervol of twilight, before we again found ourselves in the saloons, all lighted for the enjoyment of the night Any one who has the good fortune to sec such a sunset on the Mississippi will never forget it. It is different from the sunsets, even in Canada, New York, and on Lake Erie, but still more different, from what may be seen from off Hampstead Heath, when the loud hum of the day's bustle in London, (Eng.,) is dying away toward the close of the day — from off Edinburgh Castle, when the sun is receding behind the hills in Stirlingshire, sending his lurid glare of light down the Firth of Forth, till it touches the Inchkeith Lighthouse, and lighting up the whole of the new town of Modern Athens, (Edinburgh, Scot.,) and gilding, with his rays, the tops of the hills in Fifeshire, Perthshire, and other portions of the highlands of Scotland — or when he would be bidding forewell to the day, as he tinted up the tops of the high hills, between Taymouth Castle, and the pass of Killieernnkie, sending a flood of light down the glens and valleys of Loch Tay, and Kinloch Rannoch. Sublime as these sunsets are, the tourist ' ■ S'f'ii'' JPv ''■;;,:::' 1*1' 'ill' •■ I • i a. 5 5 : S i a. • M H it H Id THK UPPER MISSISSIPPI — ST. PAUL — MINNESOTA. 35 will find in the »un»«ts of the "for wert" a greater rlahnew and vividncM of colouring — and being over o ' iTerent character of country — thb wide-sweeping prolrle on the one hand, nnd the bluffi ( . the river on the other — (uch as cannot fail to ntHke him at once with admiration nt to their extent and beauty. Thot evening we went up the MiulMippi ; there wa* a very gay and happy company on board, 10 towards evening, the music brought some of the company to their feet to dance, till at last it ended in a regular ball. The time flew rapidly past, as may bo supposed, nmldst such excitement and hilarity, till at length the " wee short hour" on the other side of 12 announced It was bedtime. Some of the party sat up on the upper deck all night, to enjoy the scenery of Lake Pepin (which we had now approached) by moonlight; Ijike Pepin is 8S miles long, 2 to 6 miles wide, and horn 00 to 100 feet deep. Sometlmea It blows hard on this lake, so much so, that the river-boats, not being constructed to stand either a " sou'-wester" or a " nor'-wester," sometimes lay-to all night, till It Is safe for them to venture further. On this occasion, it was a beautiful night, so we went a-head on Its placid watersi About 2, a. m., wo passed the " Maiden Bock," on the lake, and shortly afterwards we were again on the river, the lake forming a large expanse of the river, similar to the lakes on the River Ottawa, C. W., forming In succession as they do that beautiful river. The town of l*rescott was next reached. Situated at the mouth of the St. Croix River, it Is the most north-westerly town of Wisconsin. The location is a very pretty one, and we understood It continues to be a fast rising town. By-and-by, about 0, a. m., we descried the " city" of St. Paul " looming in the distance." After passing the business portion of the town, we landed at the wharf there, and set foot on the terrrltory of the far-famed Minnesota, and In Its capital, St; Paul ST. PAUL. On our visit, St. Paul, like every other place, was affected with the prevailing epidemic, of " hard times," which had cheeked the ardour of some of her speculative citizens quite as much as it had dune those of older cities. Consequently the town was dull, ond also most of the people in it. All, however, with plenty of pluck, confident, that ere long, the little north-west city must of necessity go a-head again, and not stop till she is up sides with some of her south and easterly sister cities. Unlike most American towns, the streets of St. Paul are narrow, which we fancy will be regretted ere long. The streets, moreover, like those of New York, were dirty, nnd in bad order, but no doubt that in time will be rec- tified. The suburbs of St. Paul, however, are very beautiful, and many of the private resi- dences, on the higher parts of the town, are very handsome and attractive. The population of St. Paul is variously estimated at from ten to fifteen thousand, of which a large propor- tion — probably a third — are foreigners ; it contains a capitol and o Jier public buildings, seven or eight churches, among which are two Episcopal, two Roman Catholic, two Pres- byterian, and one or two Methodist and Baptist, The Romanists are alao putting up a fine college, decidedly the handsomest public building in the place. The limestone, with which the whole town is underlaid, affords an admirable building stone, being very durable, hand- some, and distributed in layers so as to be most conveniently worked. There are tliree daily and three weekly papers published, which seem to have a large circulation, nnd to l>e ably conducted. There are also two German and a Norwegian piiper, nnd one or two other small publications. The principal street fronts the river for about two miles, nnd is lined with large stores of all kinds, to supply the increasing trade of that north-westerly region. The principal hotel is the Fuller House— a magnificent house, erected at a cost of 1100,000, and fitted up with every modern comfort and convenience. There are five railroads in this State, just commencing, or in course of completion : the Minnesota and Pacific — running from St. Paul to a point on the Missouri River; the North-western— from St Paul to Lake Superior; the Cedar Valley and Minneupolis— SUSPENSION BKIDGE AT ST. ANTHONY 8 FALLS. ST front Minn«apoll* tu Iowa lliitt; the Triiiinlt ami Hout Itiver— coming from Prairie tin Chlvni and the othur fruni I.a Cro««t>, iiiiiiiiiK ut Ituuhettur, and then ooiitlnuing to Ht. Paul. Tli«t« r^jAiU arv all In progreM, and Minnesota will voim haVH her network of rail- way*, which will devclope her rvnuiirvoR, and give hi-r a proud poaltlon among her lUtvr State*. (Hue View of St, Paul, next pflKf.) Eh pa/maiU, we muy mention, Miut some of tlie mvrchanti of Ht. Paul, who import their good* from lirltuin, do ■<> direct from Liverpool via New Orleuni, thence per ileainer on the MI«iiU»lppl. The «avlng it iiuch, that the whole coit of tranitportation from Liverpool to Ht. Paul )* very little more than the mere chargen of tranohipping at A'ew York, and the freight /rotii there to Ht, Paul. \Vo have no unfW«« en rout« fi)r th« fulli, And a moot didi^htfiil drive It |i, over tine ridlln|{ iiplandit, covered with th« lirvoioim itAtf of lift', nnd wnvInK anil lurKlnx uhd«>r tlio gentle lirei>««, ripening for tli< mower, *nd then to be tent itliroHd, |ierli«|>i tliouMind* of iniiet, to feed tlie hungry in itoin* of iho citiee In the eait, or even Oroat Itrltaln. On Iwth tldea of the rond the lMndM!a|Mi l« beautiful, now and then ihowing k"'"!***'* '*' ^'" MiMiMippt In the diitance. At Ifugth wu reached Ht. Anthony. Mueli n» we huvo heard of the litiiatton of St. Anthony, a* th« Kittt for a manufacturing city, we illd not expect to tee lo good • location for that purpoe*, and were, therefore, agreeably diMppulnted. The water-power li unlimited and inex* huu«tlblu — the great detiderntum for a manufuct\iring elty. The turrounding country ia very fertile and the climate Ralubrloui*, In fnct, *lmilur tu the more northerly {Hirtion* of ('anada Weat, with hot lummeri, tempered by the breesea from the we«t, with • very oold but dry atmonphere in winter. MINNEHAHA FALLS -"THE LAUGHING WATER." FALLS or BT. ANTIfONY AND MINNRIIAtlA. 89 the ' tli« iigth I the >ote, nex- ryl. t of «ol(l Al Ht. Anthony, tha MiHlwIppI Mm a pcrpnndlcukr f«ll of 18 foet — th« tint which occur* In AMcndtnK tho rtvvr. ThM ilta of the vlllnKe I* on an Mluvalfil plain, ami coninmnd* • Hnu vUw of th« Fall*, and li di>tiint about 8 nillv* hy lan apolU, and nt the celebrated Fall* of Minnehaha — " tlin lau^hlnK water" — " tha *nilln of tha great *plrlt" — which will be found the prcttle*t little fall imatcinable, complete In all It* part*. A clear, Rfiarkllng atreain come* ruihing along the prairie, until it *uddenly takv* a leap of 60 feet over the precipice, and I* lo*t In a deep dell, the lido* of which ore covered with ihrubbery of luxuriou* growth. The rock over which the ttream leap*, ha* been worn Into an arch, nnd ono can pa»a to and fro underneath, between the fall* and the rock, with little or no inconvenience. The recea* behind the fall exte.id* back nearly 60 feet, and, from that point, an extraor- dinary beautiful view of the fall I* obtained, a* the *un ihino* on the out*lde of It The tou- rist run pa** In nt one lide behind the fall, and And egre*a at the other Mde. From the world-wide known Indian poem of Hiawatha, by Longfellow, we annex a few Verne*, de«criplive of the tcene now under notice; — *' Only once Mi pne« he alackrned. Only once liu (lauieil or liHltcil — Pntiavil lo purchane head* of iirrow* Of Ihv anoloiit arrnw-makir, In the InncI nf the UacotBhi, Wtieru the I'lilla of Minnehaha Klaah uni«ary with lights Near the further end of it, there is snid to bo a small waterfall, und nil ill senrcli of the wonderful underground should visit it to its utmost extremity. Start- ing from Milwaukee on Tuesday forenoon, we thus spent that night on board at Prairie du Chien, Wednesday night on board on Lake Pepin, and landed in St Poul on Thursday morning nt 9 o'clock. Saw nil about St Paul on Thursday ; went to see the Falls nnd Fort Snelling on Friday, and returned to St Paul on Saturday ; Sunday, went to n nent little church there (Episcopal). On Monday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, we started on our return trip, accomplisliing tiie distance from St Paul to Prairie du Chien, 802 miles, in 17 hours, being fully 7 hours less time than we took to go up— the stream, of course, being against ua on our upward trip. 40 LAKK Mri'KKIOK AND IMCirUKD HcH'KM. LAKR NUPRRIOK (h«a iif tli« Iripa now mjoyt'il Ity hiinilr<»i« cvfry yr«r, fnmi ,>li'ii-ii. Tin •■<'ii|>l<'<'rl<>r tlUtrlctn, ■* In w«U kiiowu, c»n*liU olili'fly Iiii')i|i|iit •nil Iron, fiuiii tlii> iiiliu'ii ultiiati'il In dliriTi'iit |i«i'lii. Till' viiliii' of coiiiM-r kIiIiiiiviI III Olid yviir, from (hilonnKon — tin- lurifi'itt iiiliiliig ilr|Mit, •ml orcoiiil lowii ill kIzi' on ihu Inki' — i'xi-i-t>ili>i| |i|,immi,(miii ^il'iiHi.oiNi, Mn.). Kroiii Miiniiii'li)', It wii» i>x|i<-i'l<'il ihnt 'Jiiii.inhi tornt of Iron woulil liv ohlppiil liml ynir. Tli)> olJM-r iniiiliii; <>iiliilill>liiiiiMil* ar* ut tliii lownit of l-ji^li' Ulvi>r, h'MffU' Iturlxiiir, ('i>|i|ii'r Ilurlioiir, ItiiyHi'liI, Ui|Niiiil, |l»y Illy, Anliliiml, llruiul Nliiml Illy, Dii l.iitli, i>to,, I'lo. Till' Illy of Siipirior, ulluiiliil on ilu' Huy of Hii|Mrlor iinti Niiiiniljl Klvir, nt tlio lu'iul of till' iiiki', Ik Iht) iiioiit liiiportant town. It wiu liitil out In IKAII. Tin- popiiliitloii In Jiinniiry, IMA7, wim ovt'c t.Aiiii — with It to lioimcii. In iitlilltion to IipImk npproiu'liiMl rnmi Cli'Vi'liiiiil ami ClilinKo, It U hImi rciulii'ii from Ht. 1'buI, Mlniu'Mita, vlu tliu Ht, Croix and Brnlo Itivri''*, per raiiot'ii, With i-i'itiinl to thu ullinnto uf the Luku Hup<>riur country, many errunvou* Impruulon* ftrvi'ii of till' nion* iiiiirnhy poitloim of iIiIh dUtrlct, rn'oniR ln-ttrr thiiti, from lU iippi'ariiiK'i', oni- iiil^ht oxpt-ot. The Ioiik, hracliix wintont of tlicmi iiortlu-rn liilltiidi'ii ext'liidi- many of thi> illHi'UHi'it wlilvli, under the pruloiii^i'd lioat of ii MiiithtTii idiiiiato, thu nihirtiii of till! Hwniim I'litrfudor*. At tin- I'i'iiililiia m'ttlt'int'iit (In latitude 4'.i ), owned hy till! IIiiiNonV Hav Cninpiiny, to a population of five thniiiuiud llioru wan hut u Kindle pliy- ili'liiii, and he told tile, that without an iiddltloiial Kiijary fliluwed hlin liy the C'l'injiany, the dUi'ii^i'!* of the Rt'ttK'iiient would not nlford him n llviii);." Aiiother w riter nav: — " None of the Anieriean lakeit ean compure with Tt about ten miles, and are so called from the varions forms and colours presented by the rocks forming the shore of the lalce. These rocks are of fine laminated sandstone, rising from 150 to 300 feet obove the water level, ond received the name of ' IMcturcd' froni the brilliant colours formed from the oxides and eulphurets of metals, and vegetalile fungi, wliich, by combination, form tlie most vorious pictures, and which, by the leost imagination, assume the forms of ancient temples, religious processions, prairle«, buffalo hunts, portraits, humorous scenes, until one is almost persuaded ho is looking upon the magnificent masters, and not of nature. Among these, cataracto, fails and rivulets ara pitching down in mighty volume, or dissipating their torrents into smoky mist." mi mm' ^*/ 'f-iff |. I' W 42 nrjM'Rjrr or -nir RAniM or tub bt. i.Awnr.j*ci. PESCTNT 0¥ THE UAI'IDH OV TIIK HT. I.AWKENC* Oni i>f Iha riiiMt •ti'lllriK tTt|i«, wo ti»ll«v«, tit \m •iiJoy»<| In Aiiii'ricA, U lh« ifaMMtii iif thu ni|iliU ■>( tliv M* |jtwr>'iu'«, III Dim of ih« itaRinvr* wKloli now |>ly li»iwr»n To- ronto, Kliitfifon, ■ikI Moiiiri'Ml, iilTi>r hr •• thit nipliU Aru min>'«rn<"l— oven In th«nia»tvK»— l)Ul iloiitily to, wh«n, In lh» miii* trip, th« hr fitmi'il wanvry of lh« IaV* of th« TtiouMRil UUmU timy l>» tiian (o k''*'**^ **'* TkniMKi', »» tliii itDiitni'r*, whU'h ilvwiamt th« r*|il'U, |him throoKli tlioin. For n (l<'*<i lion of a ileioant uf ttiM r«pUl« w* copy tha folluwiag f^um lluuter't (iuM* to th« Hi l.awr«n««:— !i ■Wl ii iil'iliilillPlliyii ■ill iil'' '■J O i O u if < a < ■< u H •4 >4 >• M o M n H •< H < n < n o o H o a 91 o H I lid Ib1( the bai niu I LAKE OF THK THOUSAND ISLANDS AND KAPIDS. a < •A < U H hi >4 M t» t4 U O M n ■< ss H M •< H m Oi •< et o o H O a I LAKE or THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. The steamer, after leaving Kingston, C. W., or Cape 8t Vinoent, on the American tide shortly after approaches the far-fumeil Lake uf the Thousand Islands. These islands appear so thickly studded that the appearance to the spectator, on approaching them, is as if the vessel steered her course towards the head of a landlocked bay 'which barred all further progreB»— coming nearer, u «inull break in the line of shore opens up, and he enters between what he now discovers to be islands, and islands which arc innum- erable — now ho sails in a wide channel between more distant shores, again ho enters into a strait so narrow that the large paddle boxes of the steamer almost sweep the foliage on either side as she pursues her devious course — now the islands are miles in circumference, and again lie passes some which are very small, shodcd by a single tiny tree occupying the Imnilful of earth which represents the " dry land." On all, the trees grow to the water's edge, ond dip their outer branches in the clear blue hike. Honictimes tlie mirage throws its air of enchantment on the whole, and the more diatuiit islands seem floating in mid- heaven— only descending into the lake as a nearer ujiproach dispels the illusion, and when the rushing steamer breaks the fair surface of the water, in which all this loveliness is re- flected as in a mirror — to quote the words of Warburton, " the eye does not weary to see, but the heod aches in even writing the one word — beauty — wherever you steer over this sweet scene beauty — beauty still." To see and really enjoy and appreciate the charms of the Lake of the Tlioiisand Isles, one ought to visit it in a small boat, and spend many days amid its li 'tyrinths; but we are on board a steamer, and must be content with the passing glance whicli her rapid and noisy course affords. An honr, or less even, and wo are through, — the Islands and the mighty Ontario are left behind, and we now emerge into the majestic river, though not to disappointment, for all is grand and beautiful still. As the steamer proceeds onwards the traveller, as he looks on the river from time to time, will soon remark that the current gains strength, eddies begin to sweep round in wide circles, and the upheaving surges, gently at first but angrily as you proceed, boil and roar around and beneath your vessel— on she goes, faster and still faster — look ahead, the white-crested breakers meet your eye ; while you look, you are in the midst of them, and again you are out into smoother but still rapid water. In this way you pass down the upper rapids — tlie Galops, Point Iroquois, and some others which do not strike you as any thing remarkable. But now the water becomes again agitated, and boils and roars as it rushes down the Long Sault LONG SAULT RAPID, ON THE ST. LAWRENCE. TIlis is a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; but examinotions have been made, and it is now descended with safety. The passage in the soutliern channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the current, that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in 40 minutes. BUOOTINO THE LONG SAULT. This is the most exciting part of the whole passage of the St. Lowrence. The rapids of the " Long Snult" rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the vessel enters within their influence, the steam is shut off, and she is carried onward by the force of the stream alone, Tlie surging waters prtjcnt all the angry appearance of the ocean in a storm ; the noble boat strains and labors; but, unlike the ordinory pitch- ing and tossing at sea, this going down hill, by water, produces a highly novel sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some danger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the ima- gination by the tremendous roar of the headlong, boiling current. Great nerve, and force, and precision are here required in piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head straight with the course of the ropid ; for if she diverged in the least, presenting her side to the cur- 44 DESCENDING RAPIDS OP ST. LAWRENCE. rant, or " broached to," ar the nauticAl phrase is, a)io would be Instantly capsized and submerged. Hence the necessity for enormous power over her rudder ; and for this pur- pose the mode of steering affords great facility, for the wlieel that governs the rudder is placed ahead, and, by mcana of chain and pulley, iwaya it But, in descending the ra- ■■■/■• •■•'• W% pids, a tiller is placed astern to the rudder itself, ao that the tiller can be manned as well as the wheel. Some idea may be entertained of the peril of descending a rapid, when it requires four men at the wheel, and two at the tiller, to insure safe steering. Here is the region of the daring raftsmen, at whose hands are demanded infinite courage and skill ; and, despite of both, loss of life frequently occurs. Large steamers, drawing seven feet water, with passengers and the mails, leave the foot of liike Ontario in the morning, and reach the wharves at Montreal by daylight, with- ROUTE OX THE ST. LAWRENCE. 45 out pauing through a tingle lock. At lonie of the rapids there are olxtaclen preventing the detoent of deeply-laden craft ; but the government are about to give the main chan- nel in all the rapida a depth of ten foot water, when the whole dcioendlng trade by ateam win keep the river, leaving the canals to the ascending craft. After passing Cornwall (which Is the boundary line betwuen United State, and Canada) and the Indian village of Ht. Regis opposite, the sttonier approaches Lak.. 8t Frauds. LAKE 8T. FRANCIS. This Is the name of that expansion of the St. Lawrence which begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to Coteau du Lnc, a distance of 40 miles. The surface of this lake is Interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster is situated on the northern side, about midway, of this lake. CoTiiAu DU Lao is a small village, situated at the foot of Lake St. Francis. The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. Cbdabs. — ^Thls village presents the same marks of French origin as Coteau du Lac. In the expedition of Gen. Amherst, a detachment of three hundred men that were sent to at- tack Montreal, were lost in the rapids near this place. The passage through these ra- pida is very exciting. There Is a peculiar motion of the vessel, which, in descending, seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a person, unacquainted with the navigation of these mplds, will almost invol- untarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer. Is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upo south bank of the river. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois Canal — with locks — and pass around the rapids uf the Cascades, Cedars, and Coteau, into Lake St Francis, a distance of 14 miles. On the north bank, a branch of the Ottawa enters into the 8t Lawrence. The river ogain wldi '^s Into a lake called St. Louis, 24 miles long. From this place a view is had of Montreal Mountain, several miles distant In this lake is Nun's Island, which is beautifully cultivated, and be- longs to the Gray Nunnery at Montreal. There are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal, belonging to the different nunneries, and from which they derive large revenues. La Chine. — ^This village is 9 miles from Montreal, with which it is connected by railroad. The La Chine Rapids begin just below the town. The current is here so swift and wild, that to avoid it, a canal has been cut around these rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of MontreaL At La Chine is the residence of Sir George Simpson, Governor of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, and of the officers of this, the chief post of that corporation. It is from this point that the orders from head-quarters in London are sent to all the many posts through- out the vast territory of the company ; and near the end of April each year a body of trained voi/ageura set out hence in large canoes, called maitres eanotn, with packages and goods for the various posts in the wilderness. Two centuries ago, the companions of the explorer Cartier on arriving here, thouglit they bad discovered a route to China, and ex- pressed their joy in the exclamation of La Chine 1 Hence, the present name, or so at least says tradition. Caugiinawaoa. — ^This is an Indian village, lying on the south bank of the river, near the entrance of the La Chine Rapids. It derived its name from the Indians that had been con- verted by the Jesuits, who were called " Caughnatcagas," or " praying Indians." This was probably a misnomer, for thej were distinguished for their predatory incursions upon their neighbours in the New England provinces. The bell that now hangs in their church, was ^ 46 ItOUTfi ON ST. LAWRENCE — TliENTON FALLS. the '- proceed*" of one of tlieM excunioni. The Indian* at Cauf^hnawaga, culiRiat cliiefly by navlffatlng Iwrge* and raft* down to Montreal, and In winter by a trado in moccaiins, *nuw- •lioea, etc. They are niu*tly Itonmn Catholic* and po*Re««i an elegant ehurcli. The village of La I'ruirie i* lunie levvn niiloi below Caughnawnga, or Village of the Hapids, after which the itcnmer lall* on for a few mile*, and roaclio* the city of Montreal. (Hee Montreal.) NIAGARA FALLS TO THE LAKE OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. BY STEAMEIt ON AMERICAN SIDE OF BT. I.AWI(ENCE. Fbom the outlet of the Nlognro nt the Fort of that name to the boundary line 46°, the entire littoral i« in the Htnte of New York, niul coiiiprise* in Ruccenition the cuuntie* of Ni- agara, Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, the northern eurncr of Cayuga, Oiiwegd, Jctreritun, nnd Ht. Lawrence. The lout, along its eiilifo we»tern frontier, and a half of Jeffei'iion county, arc bounded by the river. From Fort Niagara to the mouth of the Uenescv IMvcr, in Munroe county, a distance of about 80 miles, the coutt present* an almost undeviating level under the primeval brusii-wiM)d, relieved by n few scattereii clearances. iShould the tourist, on ascending tlie (ieiiosco to Curthnge, wliieh is the port of Uiichester, resolve upon visiting this city, he will And enough to engage and gratify his curiosity till he resumes hi* journey by the next stennicr. This largo comniereiul and manufacturing town owes its greatness mainly to the " water privileges" which the proprietors on the banks of the Genesee hero posneso. For a considerable way above the Upper Falls, tlie bunks are on both sides surmounted by a great variety of mills. Its proximity to Lake Ontnrio, and the passage of the Erie Canal through it* principal streets, contribute ma- terially to its prosperity. Oswego, the principal commercial port on the American side of the lake, is pleasantly situated nt the mouth of the rivek- (.' that name. The principal part of the town is on tiie western bank, and has a neat and stirring appearance. On the opposite bank are some large mills, and here terminates the Oswego Canal from Syracuse, distant about 88 miles, nnd the railway from the same place. About half-way betwixt Carthage and Oswego i* Great Sodus Bay. At the eastern extremity of the lake, on the south side of Black River Bay, lies, in a very sheltered situation, Sacket'* Harbour. This wa* the noval station of the United States on the lake during tlie last war with Great Britain. After reaching Cape St Vincent ond proceeding onwards, for about 20 miles, the steamer reaches French Creek, after which the vessel will slop at Clayton, and Alexandria, from which points excellent views of the " Thousand Island*" will be obtained. (See Lake of the Thousand Island*.) TRENTON FALLS, STATE OF NEW YORK. ;..„" The tourist proceeding from New York, by the New York Central Railroad from Albany on hi* way to Niagara, will find himself well paid by o visit to tlie Falls of Trenton, which are situated on the Utlca ond Black River Railroad, ond 16 miles N. by E. of the Town of Utica, in the County of Oneido. Trenton Falls consist of a scries of fulls within the distance of two miles, with an aggregote fall of .312 feet, and present a sight more re- markable for the wild and romantic situation In which they are, tlion for their great vol- ume of water. The mime of the stream on which these foils are, is known as WestCnnado Creek, which flows through a densely-wooded country — particularly near the falls — of which no sign Is to be seen till the tourist comes upon them at the edge of the gorge where they ore situat- ed, ond down which the water rushes with gr 'ot violence, as it comes from the falls, only to be lost to sight in the dark recesses of the wooded rovine. In one ploce, the height oif the embankment Is 140 feet perpendicular. At the upper falls the descent Is 20 feet, from which the water rushes on to the second foils, called the Cascades. (See engraving.) The third fall Is named tlie Mill-dam, and, a little below, are the High Falls, which has a perpendicular fall of 109 feet. (See engraving.) Sherman's Falls — named so after Rev. Mr. Snerman, who lost his life there — form the fifth foil, with a descent of about 40 feet, un- til the last of this exquisite series of fall* is reached, named Conrad's Falls. THE HIGH FALLS. TRENTON FALLS. THE CASCADES, TRENTON FALLS. 48 Sl'KINOS AND WATKttlN0-rLA(;E8. SPRINGS, AND WATERING-PLACES. Fon tlio Informntliin of toiirlnU we nnnox pBrtloulnrn of ii few of the fno«t cclelirntPil »uin- mor r»<«)rt», compllt'il from oxtractf ilerlvi-il from tlio niont reliable •oiirces, to wlilcli we hnvo nddoil Ruclt information ai wo posaew from our own ac(|uaintonc« with the viirioun lociiiltlfii nnil routpn wlilch, tojfcthor wllli tlio vlfw» proaonted, neatly engrnvid from phologrnplu tnkc-ii lait year, will, we trimt, bo of «om« nMUtnnce to the atran|i;er who wlihoi to become at!<|ualntu(l with tome of the ino«it<>w«<1 on the ni(Mt ikllfiil laplilarlra, with H view of rivnllin^ th« tplt'ixloiirH of thii lin- ffle ohaiiiltfi', tlio attvinpt would be vain. The Caliinitt was dliiuovorcd hy Mr. I'uttcn of LuuUvlUo and Mr. C'ralg of I'hiladulphU, ac- comnanifd l>v Htonhun, thu Kti'^l^i nntl ex- tcn |{iiitl(>« my 2 niileo). It i«a pi>rft'ot arch, of 01) fuot spun, and of an av(>riiKi> hi'i){lit of 10 feet in thu cuntrc — Just liixh onougli to lt« viewed with <'n*o in nil lti» piirtn. Tlio Imm! of tlio whole Ih ciirlxiniittt (Hiilphntc) of liino, in part of n dazzling whittMioM and per- footly Hniooth, and in part cryntalllzi'd, ho as to glitter lilctMlianiondii in thu light, (irow- ing from thii*, in undU-MKly diverHiflcd ft)rtni4, is A lubstance rosonil)ling selfiiitv, tranHln- cent uiul IniiH'rfectly Inniinatctl. Soniu of the cryitttds bear a striking roAt>inl)lanco to hrunchcB of celery ; others, a foot or more in length, have the colour and appearuiieu of vanilla cream candy; others are Het in sul- phate of liniu In the form of a rose ; and others roll out from the Imso In forms re- sembling the ornaments of a Corinthian col- umn. Soma of the Inorustrntions are nias- sivo and splendid, others are as delicate as the lily, or as fancy work of shell or wax. Think of traversing nn arched way like this for n mile and a half; and all the wonders of the tales of youth — Arabian Night*, and all — seem tnmo, compared with the living, growing reality. Ilerc and there, through the whole extent, }'ou will tind openings in the sides, into which you may thrust a per- son, and often stand erect, In little grottoes, perfectly incrnsted with n delicate, wliite substance, reflecting the light from a thous- nnJ different points." " It is quite itnpo8»il>le to give in n brief notice sucli as this, any thing like an ade- 3aato idea of thi», one of the greatest won- ers of the world. It must be vistcd to be appreciated. " The route from Louisville, Kentucky, Is by rail toMumfordsvlile, and thence per stage for '21 miles. Time from Louisville to the cave, 16| hours. The train at Mumfords- ville connects also with the railroad to Nash- ville. Superior hotel accommodations is to be found close to the cove, with guides, etc. The charges are very moderate. " MOUNT VERNON, VA.— This venerated spot, where once resided the fntlier of Ids country, and where his ashes now repose, is universally regarded with a sacred interest It Is on the W. bank of the Potomac, 16 miles S. from the city of Washington, and 8 from Alexandria. General Washington's mansion is still in a good state of preserva- tion. The new tomb Into which his remains ycre removed in 1830, and subsequently placed in a marble sarcophagus, is in a re- tired situation a short distance from the house. It is a plain but substantial structure of brick, with an iron gate at the sarcophagi of white marble, in which slumber, slae by side, the mortal remains of that great and good man and of hit amiable consort, "The old tomb, in whieli the remains of Washington were ilrit deposited, and wliiuli I* now going to decay, i« upon an elevation in fidl view fnmi the river. " A glimpse of this Interesting spot may be had from the I'otomaa steamer, on Its way from Washington to the railnMid terminus at Acqulu Creek. Rut to visit the place. It Is necesitury to stop at Alexandria, an. X. Y. — This fasiiionable watering-place is on the Atlantic shore of Long Island, about 20 miles from New York. The principal hotel is the Marine I'avilion, which is a splendid establishment, erected in 1884, upon the beach, only a short distance from the ocean. There is also another hotel, which is well kept, and severol boarding-houses, where the visitor or the invalid may enjoy the invigor- ating ocean breezes with less of cost and dis- play than at tlie hotels. The most conveni- ent route to Rockaway is by the Long Island Railroad to Jamaica, 12 miles from New Y'ork, and thence 8 miles by stage to the beach." SARATOCtA SPRINGS, N. Y.— This cele- brated watering-place and summer resort, occupies the same position in America, as Harrowgate does in England, whilst the characteristics of both places are alike, in many respects. I'hey are the most celebrated springs in the United States, and the annual resort of visitors — from nil ports of the world — who flock there in senrcn of health, pleasure, and excitement. " Large and splendid accommodations are f)rovide(l in the various hotels and bonrding- louses, which, in the season of company, ore often thronged with visitors, presenting an animated scene of gravity, luxury, aud dis- play. xX 60 SPUIN08 AND WATERINO-PLACRi). " Tlip vlllii|{«, wlilfli I* \n tli« N. iMirt of tliK t<>\vii«lil|i of SnrittoKit, U itli'imnutfy Kltiiiitod oil II Mkiiily pUin, ill |Mirt nurroiinilfil liy n lii'itiitU'iil Kr«>v«i of |iiiii'*, liiivin)( tt« iirliu'l- pill Ktri'i't upon tlm W, iiiMr)(lii of u imrrow Villi' ill wlilcli tlii> *prinK>i Hn* foiiiiii. Tliti Imti'lii iiri> Inrito nixi hiiiiifronii. " I'liiuuMi^vrii for Snrttto){ii from N»«w York, t4ilc<> fitlii'r tilt* lliiilm>n ItlviT or lliirlciii Itiilli'oitiU, or tliK iti'iiiiilKNit to Alliiiiiy or Troy ; from AllNiny, viit Allmny, VitiiioiiI iiiul Ciiniitlii Itttllwiiy ; from Trov, via Hi'iiMit>liii>r nii Wontorii Itiillwiiy to Alliiiiiy, Troy ninl HiirHtoi;n. I'luwi'iiKi'rK from tlict Wunt l»y tli«' <^•ntrlll UullwBy nloii nt Splu'iit'ftailv. Till' roiiti' from tlu' North Ih vin liiikti ('linmplnln, uiid WhIU'lmll niul Siiriitoi(u lUUwuv, "HIIAKON Sl'UIN(»rt, N. Y., nrn In thn town of Sharon, In ^S('llohnrll' ooiinty, iihoiit 4."i nilli'n wi'»t of Allmny liy tho ('liorry Viil- loy Tiirnplki'. Thoy are hIho rt*iii'lit'il liy ttuKi'H from ('iinajol)nrli', on thu Uticii and Hi'liciu'otiKly Unilroiiil, from whiuh pluco they ni'i' illMtiint iilxxit Vi mlltiA in u S. \V, ilin'o- tloii, Thoy art' piiro and clear, and havu Ill-en found to 1)0 ItlKhly I'tfleiu'loiii* In ciitniie- oiiK, dynpeptlo, and rheumatle eomplaliiti*. Tliev liavi* an vxlillanitin^ elTect upon the •pirltH, InviiforMtiiiK tliu nyiitem, and purify- Inx the L'omplexion, and In «ome reiipevts poiwedneii niedicinul and healing propvrtioti unouriMiuM'd hy any In the eoiintry. " Till) pronpuut from tho Pavilion IIuum to- wuriln the X. U alniiwt unlimited, and liy miinv considered harly Inferior to that fWim the {'Htukill Mountain Iloiloe. It« elevated •ituatlon, always neeuriu^ a pure and brac- ing atmosphero, eonsplres with the \\m of the waters to ri'nder the residence of vU- Itorg here in hot weather doli^htfully Bulu- bi'iouA and rcfreshiiii;;. "Tourist* proceed from Allmny vlii New VorkCentral Railway to I'alatliic'Hrid(;e, 55 nitlcii, thence per stagu for 10 miles over plank road. " WHITE SULPHUR 8PRIN0S, VA.— These aru the most celebrated and most gen- erally visited of all the mineral springs of Virginia, and are to the south what Saratu- sa is to the north. They are situated on a branch of the Urccnbricr River, in tho coun- ty of the same name, on the wertcrn declivi- ty of the Alleghany ridge, some tS or 8 miles from tho summit of the niuuntains. They are In an elevatiil and beantlAilly ni«tn^ umpiti valley, lienimed in by nioiintiiln* on •very side. ThouMiids resort to th"m annu- ally either to enjoy tho bellellt of the wa- ters, or In pursuit of recreation and amuse- ment. " There are numerous route* to thn Virginia springs, all of which within a few years have been greatly Improved, (hie of the iileasantest and most exiiedltloiis nii.tvs from tHltlmoru Is by tho ralmsid thence to Har- per's Kerry ; thence by nillroad to Winche*- ter to (josiien. Krom Htaunton there ar« two routes, one direetlyacross the inoutilalns, to the warm and hot springs; the other, via Lexington, to the Natural Hrldge, and thenc« to the While. Hnliiliiir Springs. These springs are itol miles W. of llaltlmore. " Parlies from the South proceed to Wil- mington, North Carolina, to Richmond, pro- ceeding from Richmond to Lynchburg and thence by iilage. "WIN\IPISK()()F.K LAKK. N. IL— ThU lake possi'MSi's siiigiilar cliiirms. However iiimantlc and beautiful Iiiike (ieorge, tliu charmer of all travellers, appears in Its elu- vatbin, the purity of its waters, Its deplh, It* nipld outlet, Its :ill5 islands which beHiNinglo Its bosom. Us mountain scenery, lis ttsh, Ita mineralogy, still, In uU but Its ^ilstorlc fame, It has a rival nt the east, In the Wlunlplseo- gee of New Hampshire. "The lake Is In the counties of Belknap and Carrol. Its form Is very Irregular, At the west end It Is divided Into three large bays ; on the north Is a fourth ; and nl the east end there are three others. Its general course Is from north-west to north-east; its length U about 'J5 miles, and it varies lu width from one to 10 miles. "The waters of this lake not only servo as n lovely ornatiient to the scenery uf this re- gion, and as a means of recreation andaiiiuso- meat to the multitude who ]>ass and re|Hiss upon them, but answer iiii imports nt purponu as a great reservoir of power for the exten- sive manufacturing establishments nt Man- chester, IjowcII, and other places which are located on Merrimno River, Its outlet to the sea. The full of this Immense body of wa- ter. In Its {xissagc to the ocean. Is so great that Its power for niaiiufucturliig purposes can hardly be computed. " The Indian name of Wlnnlplseogee, signi- fies ' The smile of the Great Spirit.' " (See White Mountains.) OLirrON BHRINQH AND LAKB OBOIIOB. 61 WATER-CURE EHTABLISHMENT, CLIFTOK SPRIXOS. Aboitt halfway between Lakca Oeiiovn and Canondaigim in Ritiintetl the celebrated C'lirttiii SpriiiKi>, wliiolt urd much reaortcd to, forming oh tlicy du one nf tho moot pleaMiiit and retired wuterliig-plaoos, within easy dlHtancu of touiu of tlio iinett Mcncry in the Northern States. Situated ttt tlioso Rprlngs la tho celebrated water-cure CBtablliihroont of Dr. Fornter. Ttio liuUHe, ulthougli n very larf^e one, yet U generally flUed with patientu, one of tho best proof* of its cxvcUcnt Btanding. Tlio charge for board varies trom f7 to $11 per woek. "LAKE OEOROE, 'etimes called LAKE IIOIIICON.— T - lOvely sheet of water, busking in tlie rnys of tlie sun, rippled by tho breeze, or reclining in the shiidows of twilight, still presenting a lovely aspect — fumed in song and story, and its counterpart occ'.ipying a space in innumerable annuals and books of travel — is 230 feet above the Hudson Uiver, lying partly in Warren and Washington Counties, having its outlet into Lake Cliumplain. Its shuro contains tho re- mains of several old forts, niemoroblo in the French and Uevolutlonary wars. This beau- tiful mountain lake of New York is SO miles in length, varying In breadth from i to 4 miles. The water is remarkably transparent, and in some places is more than 4(K) feet deep. Scorcely any thing can bo imagined more beautiful or picturesque than the scenery along its banks. Thio romantic effect of tho prospect is* greatly 'inhanced by the multitude of islands of various forms and sizes, which meet tho gazo on every side. A popular notion prevails tliat their number corresponds with that of the days of the year. Twelve miles from the south-west ex- tremity of the lake there Is an island of about 200 acres, called, from its position. Twelve Mile Island. A mile further north thero is a hlgli point, or tongue of land, called Tongue Mountain, west of which projects a small arm of the lako called North-west liny. Here the narrowest part of the lake com- mences, and continues 7 or 8 miles. Near tho west end of the Narrows, on tlie eastern sidu of tho lako, is Black Mountain, the sum mit of which is the highest point in tho im- mediate vicinity of tho lake, having an ele- vation of 2,200 feet above its surface. About 12 miles beyond Black Mountain there is a rock about 200 feet high, rising almost per- Eondicularly from the surface of the water, •uring the French war. Major Rogers, being closely pursued by the Indians, slid down this deep declivity, and safely landed on the Ice, leaving his pursuers petrified with aston- ishment at the daring exploit they had wit- nessed. From this circumstance the rock has been named Rogers' Slide. Just beyond is Lord Howe's Point, where the division of tho English army under Lord Howe landed previous to his attack on Ticonderoga." KEWPOKT, LAKK l>LEA!4ANT AND CHOOKKD I.AKR. NEWPORT, HIIODE ISF-AND. TiiK ftliovi" oki'tuli rpprnnt'nfR proluiMy the nciiri'ot ii|)|iroauli, Itotli in iiiipcariiiicc nml klliiiitloii, toS('iii'l)oroiiKli, (KiikIixiiI.) of iiny Hcii liiitliliiK r in tlui ITnittMl Stiitc, Ni'wport. 1* luontvtl on tlin H. W. !«lclo of tlin lU'li nml fi-rtllo Statu of Klmili! Inlniid, lyliiK witlilii tlu! mouth uf NorrA^iiiiKot Itiiy, A liiiloit t'i'oiii tlic uceni). " Itn Imi'ltoiir, oiu! of t)il, a nuinlicr of lar^e and Kplendhl hotelit luivo liccn erect eil, ntl'orilinK tlie l)ciit ncconimoilationit tlint coulil lie tlcHlrccl for nil who come; no that, in thii* renpect, Newport in now ilie rival of Saratoga itnelf." SteainerH ply dally, durinff the Kunimer Keaxon, lietween Newport anil rroviilciici'^ with wlilch the eonuuunicntion by rallrnad and Hti'urnerti ii4 freipu'ut. in7 iiiiles from New York — 7»i miles from Buttuu. " LAKE PLEASANT.— ThUnmnll but love- ly lake, \» a favourite and cnchantinf^ resort for tlie dUciplcR of tho anglo and the gun, the waterA teeming with trout, etc., nnd deer and otiier game are abundant in tlie forests. It is a delightful summer homo for tho stu- dent, and may be pleaMintly and Mitisfactori- ly visited by ladies. Tho wild lands nnd waters hero are a part of tho lake region of northern New York. Tho Saronno region is i'onnected with Lnko Pleasant by interme- diate waters and portages. To reach I^kc Pleasant, and the adjoining waters of Round, Pisced, and Louis Lakes, favourite summer resorts, take the Central Railroad from Al- bany tu Amsterdam; thence by stage to Holmes' Hotel on Lake Pleasant, 80 miles." " CRf >OKEr) LAKE, situated In the wcnt- ern part of New York, is included in the limits of iSteuben and Yates Counties, is 18 miles long, and 1^ miles, at its greatest breadth. At tho north end it is divided into two forks or branches, one of which is S and the other miles long. Its surface is 487 feet above Ijiko Ontario, and 718 feet above tho level of the Atlantic. It usually freezes over in tho winter ; at other seasons a steamboat leaves Penn Yan, at its N. N. E. extremity, for Hnmmondsport, at its S. W. extremity. The scenery along the shore is extremely picturesque and beautiful. The outlet which flows into ScnerA I.4tke has a descent of 'i71 feet in 7 miles, affording valu- able water power." HCKXERV or TlfK CATOKILL MOITNTAFNi*. R8 SCENE IN THE CAT8KILL MOUNTAINS, One of tlio most n^oeablc trip* for the tonriat, wlicn at New York, It for lilm to vi»lt tlio faniouH wioncry of the Cut^ikUI. TliiTc, a variety of wood, river, and mountaiu icene- ry will bo enjoyed, not to be met with In most plaoos. Tlie trip there and back, can be made in 3 or 4 days from New York, and at not much expense. The ehargo at the Mountain House is $2.fiO (or 10*., stg.,) per day — although cheaper ncconmioilution is to be lind as well. Near the Mountain House is said to be the site where Mr. Woihington Irving located the •»cen« of his celebrated novel of " lUp Van Winkle." Few places of summer resort are more frequented by tourists, wliether as artists In search of some charming scenery to xtudy, the invalid in quest of bracing air, or the gen- crnl traveller in search of all the " lions" in Amerlco. ''i Il 54 •VLVAV r.AKK, t'ATrtKlt.l. MorNTAI^il. • lili'K |N»M ii|i mill iliiwn u|i»ii iliK lliiii, Hlrmitfir* iuk<' ilrliir ih" Allitny •tniiiur, fnini iCow Yi>rb, •« AllMtn), !•> I'nulilll, ■>•« ih* IIimImmi, ( 1 1 1 Milli'« fi-MMi N«w V>>rk)<>r lli< ||ii.|«>ii ltlv>r l(ikllri>n«hii|.>n. thmcp \»r firry niniM, Fr tlii< Moiintiilii lliMiw, I'J iiitiv* ill'liiiil, liiit Iho riNiil ImitiK vvry iitri'|i, It litki* 4 Ixmr* t>> ko thikt ill«(iitii'i', Till' tlri>n» In \%k l'iii>klll Mutinliilii*," U thmt « |Niliiiliit( \>\ .f. K KirKi'lt, nil Aiiitrliuii nriUl, llii'imly (ilijii'ilmi to wliU'li «>- liiit<> l«, llir littniijiu ilmi uC iHii iif tliii nl>iiriul)i>'< — of till' •ll'iirK'l, w>> |iri'«uiiir— it liiiilt riitlur lutiiiuiiii, \v>' ililuk, iini, In kI\>> vlTivt In |>l>tiiri>*, wlilUt •iirli lli(iir>* vnn now mily l>u IritrtNlucud with (rtiili In im-li iltiirlfU u« )lliiitvMiU, ur lliu Itiil l(tv«r. '^"■'►^'^H^'gf' THE UI'PER OB SYLVAN LAKE-CATSKII.L MOUNT VINS. Tho ..th.r onifinvlnRB wtiloli f„l|„w nrn wltli.mt nny Midi n.ldltion*. Wine from photo- ffriipli*. tiik.-n lust yonr t.f tlio wono^ rc|)ri'i'(iit..,|. To (|iinf<- from n wrlt.r who hiw vUflnl till* looiillty : — "Tho riilo to tho f.Kit of tho mountnln l« not upoolnlly Intorrntlnir; hut th." m-c-nf, l.y u very oirciiltoiM rout,., from every Kiippfsiilve opcnltitf iiml turn of whi.h i-omr new iim! moro cxtfiisivo vUtn U presented to the eye eontlnunlly. ix In n hitrh L'ree In^pirinL' nn.l dflli?htful. Ami when at h^niftli the lofty emlnenee in renelied, there opeiiM, from the front of the nohie editiee, ii proxpeet of vnnt extent nnd heimty; endiriieintf nu nppiinntly end- lesi oiK-ceculon of wood* nnd water*, farms and villnu'en. town* nnd eitle*. cpreiid out a* in n houndlens panornnm, over which all ineipialiti f nurfaee are overh>oked. The l.eauti- ful IhKlson Bi)peari4 narrowed in the distance, with nuiiierou* veo*o]g wnttercd alonj} It* »ll- I'! RAI'TKRSKILL rAl.lJi, C'ATMKIi.l. MOINTAlKll. M v»ry lln*, i*i'rn .mi r>ii<'li, l>> tlulr i'«nviia ulrntnluK In llin (un, •»•! «llh llix lri»lllii|( I'liitnl iif •rimlix frmii •liiiiiiili'iitliriii'i'* Nil urm »f wliout 7') iiitU'* iiorMi himI wmiiIi. Fur In itiu m'lrrii iitil- lln«> t\t'> III" 't'iik(liiiiili' Moiiiiiitliia, itml llii> IiIl(IiIiiii'I< i>( I'linniii'iii'iii ninl Mnontliiiiiii*. To ihi< l>'ft AfK •• rti ili» Ur rtiimit, air>'ii'li|ii|{ nwwy In t||<' mtrtli llll llulr liluv ■iiiiiiiili* nr» IiIi'ihIoiI «IiIi tliv aky, At irflicr llitu-* nil ilii> |inw|H'i>i IkIhw U •lii|M't| In It r'«riitliiir fwr n>'W iitnl fun- I'Ifiit Ciriii* In lliii •liflil. 'rii>iii>l' iiol iiiirr< i|ii> iiil\ •< • ii |i4i>'Iiik IicIow Ilia •|i)'i'iiil>ir, wlillii till' iiliii> |ir Ilnu I'liifi'iu liii{ I'l |iri >■ iil4 hiik nf l«ii luki* »( t(r>itl I'iimiI\ , mIiIiIi ||i< pIii«<' Iiv Ki'lliiT, iivi rlixik'il friiiii llit< iiiii'ili iiiitiiiilnlti, iiinl ii ■Imrt wnv fi'oiii lln' Mniitiliilii ll>iii«i> lli'lil. All wIliMII-i' M>'l|llllilll> l| wllll lIlU iK'llllllflll •lli'i't nf N^llliT, «lll III iilll'i' ri'i'i>Klll/.i> It III lllt> llliiiVi' akiii'll, Wllli-ll Wi' llil><> llltij i'li|{rilVi'c| frmii mii' nf thr •rrli'* nf |iliiilnt{ril|>ll« fulci'ii thi'r» liut. yfiir, V»f n |ili'a«iiit wiilk nlniiicl'l" li* •Imrtw, n piiw im li« mhIi'M, or fnr |iruftliilii|( iliii " Ki'tiiU urt" witli Kaliln^ r jiiillow for the brook to tumble Into. The first pitch is nigh 2U0 feet, and the water louks like flukes of snuw before it touelies the bottom, and then gathers itself together again for a new start ; and maybe flutters over 80 feet of flat rock before it falls for ajiother M() feet, when It jumps from shelf to shelf, first running this way nnd that way, striving to get out of the hollow, till it finally gets to the plain." VIEW DOWN SLEEPY HOLLOW-CATSKILL MOUNTAINS. As another view of one of the cascndeg, we present one taken from the ledge of rocks, over which the water rushes silently but swiftly over the precipice, down into the beauti- ful gorge of " Sleepy Hollow." THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 67 lius m«n- t o trout ) iuk(> H leuviii)< a ho wutur tojft'tlltT r uiiutlier , striving WHITE MOUNTAINS, NEW HAMPSHIRE. roclcs beauti- Thi Bccomplithed aatlior of " America and tlie AmerioanH" tluis writes regarding tliis portion of tlie United Hfiites: — "This is or» of tlio wildest reuions in tlie United 8tate«, From tlie top of the dtuge we have a wide prospect over forests, pastoral valleys, ravines, and dinf^les; Mount Liifavette rising before us in solemn majesty, and behind us, far na the eve can reach, an undulating country, stroteliiiig away towards the frontiers of Canada, For the tirst 3 miles the drive lies through a tangled wood, and up an ascent BO steep that our team occasionally pauses. The rond is so narrow that the trees touch the carrin'je on both sides at the same time, and so rough that passengers hold on firmly for their lives; yet the coneiiinan diives Ins (ix in hand with the utmost ease and skill." During nine or ten months of the year, the summits of the mountains are covered with snow and ice, giving thcni a briglit and dazzling appearance. t)n every side are long and winding gullies, deepening in their descent to tlie plain below. These mountains are situated in the county of Coos, in the N. part of the State. Tliey extend about 20 miles, from S. W. to N. K., and are the more elevated parts of a range extending many miles in that direction. Their base is nliout 10 miles broad, and are the highest in Now England ; and, if we ex- cept the Rocky Mouiifains, and one or two peaks in North Carolina, tliey are the most lofty of any in tlie United States. Although these mountains are 66 miles dis- tant from the ocean, their snow-white sum- mits are distinctly virtiide, in good weiitlier, more than 50 miles from shore. Their ap- pearance, at that distance, is that of a sil- very' cloud skirting the horizon. The names hero given are those generally appropriated to the ditferont summits : Mount iVagfiiHgton is known by its superior eleva- tion, and by its lieing the southern of the throe highest peaks. Mount Adams is known by its sharp, terminating peak, "id being the north of Washington. Jeffemon is situ- ated between tliese two. Mndinon is tlie eastern peak of the range. Monroe is the first to the south of Washington, franklin is the second south, and is known by its level surface. Lafaiielte is known by its conical shape, and being the third south of Wash- ington. The ascent to the summits of these mountains, though fatiguing, is not danger- ous ; and the visitant is richly rewarded for his labour and curiosity. In passing from the Notch to the highest summit, the travel- ler crosses the summits of Mounts Lafayette, Franklin, and Monroe. In accomplishing this, he must pass through a forest, and cross several ravines. These are neither wide nor* deep, nor are they discovered at a great dis- tance ; for tiie trees fill them up cxautly even with the mountain on eiieh side, ana their branches interlock with each other in sneliu manner that it is very difficult to paw through them, and they are so stiff and thick as almost to support a man's weight. After crossing Mount Franklin, you pass over the eastern pinnacle of Mount Monroe, and soon find yourself on a plain of some extent, at the foot of Mount Washington. Here ia a fine resting-place, on the margin of a beau- tiful sheet of water, of an oval form, cover- ing about throe-fourths of an acre. The waters lire ]ilcaHant to the taste, and deep. Not a living creature is to be seen In the waters at this height on tlic hills; nor does vegetation grow in or around them, to ob- scure the clear rocky or gravelly bottom on which they rest. A small spring disclinrgeB itself into this pond, at its south-east angle. Another pond, of al>out two-thirds its size, lies north-west of this. Directly before you, tlie pinnacle of Mount Washington rises witli majestic grandeur, like an immense jiyraniid, or some vast kremlin, in this iiing- iiifieent city of mountiiins. The |iiiinacle is elevated about 1500 feet above the jilain, and is composed principnlly of huge rocks of granite and gneiss, piled together, pre- senting a variety of coliuirs and itiriiis. The ascent is made on horseliack. In ascending, you must pass enormous masses of loose stone: but a ride of half nn hour will generally carry you to the fiunmiit. The view from this point is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innumerable moun- tains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns, and vil- lages meet tlio delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the east- ern horizon. To the north if seen the lofty summits of Adams and Jefferson ; and to the east, a little detached from the rouge, sup- ported on the north liy a liigli ridge, which extends to !Mount Jefferson ; on the north- east by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur, extending far away in that di- rection ; east, by a promontory, which breaks off abruptly at St. Anthony's Nose ; south and south-east by a grassy ]>lain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. At the south-eastern extremity of this plain a ridge commences, which slopes gracefully away towards the vale of the Saco, upon which, at short dis- tances from each other, arise rocks, resem- bling in some places, towers; in others, rep- resenting the various orders of arcliitee- ture. < I' fi8 WILLEY HOUSE, WHITE MOUNTAINS. l| i THE WILLEY IIOUS^:, WHITE MOUNTAINS. Tlie above house stands upon a spot wliieh will eviT I'uniaiu memorable in the history of the While Motiiitiiiiis, as having hcon tiic soiMie of a fearful ciiluiaity whieh overtook a family named Willey, residing there, who were all buried beneath an avalanehe, or slide, from the mountain, whieh occurred during the year 1820, a year remarkable for a great flood iu these mouniain regions. Leaving Willey House, the tourist, who is desirous of ascending liiglier, will find him- self in the vicinity of the " Notch," as it is called. '•TheiVo<<7( of the W/iitc Mnimfainii is a phrase apjiropriated to a very narrow detile, extending two miles in length, bet-ween two huge clitifs, apparently rent asunder by some vast convulsion of nature, iirol)ably that of the dehige. " The scenery at this place is exceedingly beautiful and grand. About half a mile from the entrance of the chasm is seen a most beautiful cascade, issuing from a moun- tain on th(! right, about 800 feet above the Bubjaeent valley, and about two miles dis- tant. The stream passes over a series of rocks, almost perpendicidar, with a course 80 little broken as to preserve the a])pear- nince of a uniform current, and yet so far disturbed as to be perfectly white. This beautiful stream, which passes down a stu- pendcms precipice, is called by Dwight the iS'//iTC ('awadc." It is proliably one of tho nio.-*t beautiful in the world, and has been thus des<'vi))ed : — " The stream is scanty, but its course from among the deep forest, whence its s|)rings is- sue into liglit, is one of singuhir beauty. Huried ln'iieath the lofty preeijuee of tiie giirge, after ascending through J'idpit liuek; by tho side of the turbulent torrent of the Nico, the ear is suddenly saluted by the soft dashings of the sweetest of cascades ; and a glance upward reveals its silver streams issu- ing from tlie loftiest crests of the mountain, and lea])ing from crag to crag. It is a beau- tifid vision in th(! midst of tho wildest and most dreary scenery." Moiuit W'lts/ihiiiton House, ca]ial)lc of ac- commodating liiK guests, is situated about i miles I'rotu the Xotcli. The Xoleh Home is at the liead of the Sa- eo River, and about (1 miles from the top of MNHI'IUN(iS,LlvlriKi»ton<"oiuity,Ni)W A'lii-k, tlcU^litfiilly »itiiatiMl mi llic riulit bunk of t,li(! (Ji'iii'»t'i' IllviT, on un olt'VuJod tiTruco lull feet itliovi) lliu wntt'f, coiiiiiiiiniltiif^ n lii'iiutlfiil und vurlc-il |ii'OH|i(iut. In tliu iiii- iiicdiiiU! vicinity iir« two uul«l)rutt>(l iiiliicnil i«|ii'liii;>«, wlilidi ui'ti tlie rt-sort of thoUMiiulii iliiriii^ tliu miiiuiicr ncuitun. The WHti'ri> un' ('st.ii'iiic'tl efHviicliillA (n oiituneoiiK ull'iu'Moim, rlii'iiiiiiitirttii, iiikI iit. m., arriving In Albany in time for the trains viiv the New York Central, and other railroads for the north and north-west, whieli run in eoiincctlon. For size, comfortalde accommodation, ond Internal mognificenee, we believe the New York and Albany steomers to be unequalled by any river boats in the world. Tourists can hnvT tiieir baggage checked on board the Albany steamers in the some moiiner as on the riiilronds. on opplicotion to the baggagd-master on board. The fare to Albany Is from f 1 to $\.R0, (4s. to Tys. stg.), depending upon the nccoramodation required. The meals supplied on board are most excellent and very moderate. TRIP UP TIIK lll'imoy. 6fi i kiv^'.W STATE-ROOM SALOON OF TllE "ISAAC NEWTON." Thk River TIii(|<nililu, in lomu raipacta, tlio np- piMU'iinco of (ho Uiiint's C'uuaoway in Ireland, The height of the I'ulinudca rangca fVoni !iO to 600 feet, and being fringed with bruahwood on the top, and ut (lieir biwo, with lonie neat little cottugea ut the water'a edge, form a very line appearance ai the itcamer akinia paat Iheni. Un the oppoMite aide, will next b« aeon Manuattanvillr, aituated on the inland on which the City of New York atunda, and prettily ciubu«omcd amiditt wooda and hilla. Un a height above the town la Clermont, once the renideuce of Joaeph lionupurte, and other celeb- rities. Manhttttanville la uUo the resting- place of Audubon, the great naturalist. Fort Wasuinoton— celebrated In the Ameri- can Itevulutionary annals — Is now in sight. To capture tills fort, the British lost I'iOO men, be- aidea having the ship " Mercury ' su riddled with shot, that she sunk. Hpuyten Duyvel Creek la about 2 milea further oo— paaalag which is YoNKBBS, a thriving town on the east 'bank of the river— 17 miles ft-om New York— in the vicinity of which are aeveral neat villax, and fine panoramic scenery. Amongst other resi- dences may be seen Fonthill, once the residence of Edwin Forrest, the celebrated tragedian. Uastinos, about 8 miles from Yonkers, is next reached, and 2 miles further on that of Dobbs' Ferry, on the same side of the river. On the opposite shore is Plermout, where the Now York and Erie Railroad commences. In the Immediate vicinity is duMNTBiDB— one of the most celebrated places on Iha rivar— being tha rasldanea ut Washing Ion Irving - a aput of graal beauty, aluiosl hid- dan fhim vlaw by tha dauaa ahrtihhary lu whtrh II Is anvahtpad, Hunnydda ought tu b«, oiif would suppose, ona of Iha i{ul«<««l and nuial rallrad nooks ailaut, but w« fwar that th« lAina of tha author of •' Kip Van Winklu" is such, lognthar with tha axqiilaitit slliiation of Hunnysidii, that tha iutruaion of frl«nd* ami tourist* ar* Iihi fks<|iii'iil for him to sooure that ratlraniant, which litemry man. In the pmaeou- lion of (hair labours, reriuire, and like to vi^oy. Furtbar on I* tba villaga of Nyaok whilst di- rectly opposite la Tarh«tuwn, a place replete with many at- trai'tluna of a pictorial and hittorioal charaoter, and where soma beautiful rasidancea hare bean erected by New York merchants. In Iho neigh- buurhoocl la Hloepy Hollow, una of the iiiuat beautiful dall* lu tha whole route, Passing on- ward, we reach the wharf for HiNU HiNo, 83 mIlea from the city, at one of the broadest points on the river. At Hing Hing Is the celebrated Btate Prison, an objecl of great Interest fur visiting, with cells for upwards of lUOO prisoners. Almost 2 miles IVoiu Hing Hing, the Crutun Uiver rises, tVoiii which water Is conveyed to New York. Opposite to Hing 8ing is Verdritegcs' Uuok. a high heudland, be- hind which, on the same height, 230 feet abova the river, la HocKLANu Lakb, from which the denizens of New York receive their chief supply of ice- an engraving of which will be found in another portion of tbla work. The lake la about 4 inilei in circumference. Proceeding onward, w* come to Havrhstraw Villaok, on the same side of the river, 80 milea fVom New York, Here itra the old forts Clinton and Montgomery— cele. brated In Revolutionary history. On the opposite, or east side of ^he river, is Vkrplanck's Point, celebrated as being the Hput at which Uenry Hudson anchored the ship " Half Moon" on his Hrst voyage up the Hud- son. The surprise of the Indians In those days may be imagined at seeing, for the Hrst time, a vessel of such proportions opposite their h.>mos. One writer records the following incident, which followed that event :— " Filled with wonder, they came flocking to the ship In boats, but their curiosity ended in a tragedy. Oilo of them, overcome by acquisi- tiveness, crawled up the rudder, entered the cabin window, and stole a pillow and a few arti- cles of wearing apparel. The mate saw the thief pulling his bark for land, and shot ut and killed him. The ship's boat was sent for the stolen articles, and when one of the natives, who bad leaped into the water, caught hold of the side of the shallop, his hand was cut off by a sword, and he was drowned. This was the ttrst blood abed by these voyagera. Intelligenoe (tCKNKHY or TIIK lll'IMON. «t \% (frtHMt ATfir (h* enwnity, •nil tiht rmlUn* b«l«>l th» wKlU ntuMi *fT «n«r " rpactnic Vi>r|iliiauk'* rmril, lli. rlvarnnw nar- row* (»>ii«liUr«lily, On til* iip|Hi*l(« iihor* !■ niuny Piilnl, Willi • llghlhiiiiM upon It uiirn Ihn >c»n* i>f • iliarp «n||»g»nirMl iMlwmrn \\\m llrliUh •ml Am»rWi*n« In I77ii, wlii>n lli« Ullor tiHili |iuHin nf It by •li/>rin. Ilwyiiml IhU |iiilnt li lUvvmiraw Uuy, Mrlt«r« the i'«Uhr«ttN| lliiiNkANM or THH ilmwoN romnianu*. On lilt) ••at ihont li tliii iimtly llttl* town »r Tevli- •kill, n-untlnii l)unilii'rtHn)oni| (HcotUnd) will b« forolblr itriiik with th* linilUrltjr In •pp««r^nc« wlikh thn lliidion hert prvaant* tii It, •• the lU^nier proovtiiU on- w^nU, At tins tiiiiu, yivu will b« miilinK p^it UUnili poaavMvil of all tli« beauty of Kllrn'a I«l<> on I^K-h Ktttrlni* (Hcot.,) with hiuh htlU wo nilleii, along the courio of the Hud- ■on, and during the whole trip, no portion will be better enjoyt'd till the ateiiiner rcuchva about the luiit height neitr Newburg. On rounding Dunderborg Mountain, will b« aeen Anthont'm NniK, U'JH foct high. Two mile* (\irther on, .Vmj/ii;' />*(/, H()»l feet high— wliiUt on the went itide uf the river ntitUrmilk falU will be leen deacendlng over the face of the hill. In M>ino of thcae Highland ])uiiseR, in the river, are aoniotimea to l)e found nunibem of wind-bound vcauels — tacking about — and forming, often, a beautiful light, III they are tu be aeen endeavour- ing to get into a broader part of the river. Wmt Point forma one of the atopping-placca for the Hteiiiiicr, Here is lituated tlio United 8latea Military Academy, where cadeta are edu- cated. It ia beautifully aituated, and viaited by many tuuriats. From tliere we proceed on to Crokmt, H2H feet high, of which the poet, O. P. Morris, writes :- " Where tlie Iluclaon'i wave, nVr illvery lanili, Winili through the hllla arur, And Croneat, like a monarch atanili, Crown'd with a aingle atar 1" After passing this romantic locality, we reach Butter Hill— or, as it has been re-christened by Mr. N. P. Willis, Storii Kino— IROO feet high, and the last high range of hills on that side of the river. Chid Spring and UtuUrcliff are now approached tha lalinr where Mr. MnrHt rr^lde*. MT* art now M iiille« iVmn lh» City uf .Nvw Vork b*- yiind whii'li \w{M I* lla«(iiii llii.i., |f|NH IVi«t high, fhim off which *iini« of th« ltn>al vlow* in«y be lutd paaaing whii'h, WW rnoiih CiiaNWALL I.ANDiNit iitiove which la Ihu ai'iiil of Mr. N. P. Wlilla n%nwi\ MUwilil aurrnuiiil- I'd with t\\ the n*liir«l romaiiMi' lM«uli»a which we fkncy any pout would iliillght to dwell •niciiigit. Shortly •flar le»vli«g wbleh, w« r<<»ch the important town of NawNrNii with ita I'i.iioo |iopulation— nic^ ly altuattNl on Ibn IWp« of lh« ImII. To the aouth of the town i« the spot which one* form- ed th« head i|iiarters »f Wkahlngton, during the ita.v of hi* •rmy at New Windsor, not far off. Opposite, on the other eide of the river, la llaaAN Nai'K MoiiNrAiN, which wii* lupposed to h«ve A resenibUnee to • Turk'i Fiic*, and can be easily aeen f^om the deck of tha ateunier when approaching I'allopei's Island. *' The story gi>es, that soniu Irishmen were quarrying for granite once, when one iIV'^' '/ /A Photographic Sdences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4S03 68 80ENKRY OF THE HUDSON. f -l ■'i (1 VIEW OF THE TURKB FACE, ON THE HUDSON. i! 1 the steamer passes Saiigerties, Tivoli, and Ger- luantown, the Catskill Mountains and Shawan- gunk range of hills appear in siglit, and tour- ists for the Catskills may now prepare to disem- bark at Catskill, opposite to Oakbill, on the Hudson River Railroad. Catskill, the point of debarkation for the Mountains, 112 miles from New York, and 40 from Albany, is at the mouth of Catskill Creek. For description and views of the Catskill Moun- tains, see preceding pages in this part — or in- dex. As the steamer passes the mouth of the Creek, and onwards towards Hudson City, an excellent distant view of the Catskills is ob- tained, with the Mountain House, like a spec on the top of a ridge. The distance to the Mountain House is about 10 miles from the Creek. Time of stages going, 4 hours— on ac- count of the ascent in the rood. HuDsox, on the other side of the river, is about 4 miles further on, beautifully situated on rising ground, and opposite to the classically- named town of Athens. A visit to Hudson will repay the tourist. From it a trip can be made to Columbia Springs, 6 miles distant, with the Claverack Falls some 8 miles off. Tourists destined for Lebanon Springs (36 miles off ) take the Hudson and Berkshire cars. Thk Shaker Village, at New Lebanon, is about 6 miles from Lebanon Springs, and if the tourist has time, a visit to the interesting vil- lage of the Society of Quakers, will well repay him for the expense and trouble. At Hudson, you are now within 84 miles of Albany. The route now begins to lose much of its Highland character— but still, in many places, billy. The nest village, oftcr Athens and Hud- son, is Stockport, 4 miles onwards ; then Cox- sackie, 8 miles ; Stuyvesant, 3 miles, to Kinder- hook Landing — a few miles from which is the Tillage of Kinderhook, the birth-place of Mar- tin Van Buren, Ex-president of the United States. After a few miles sailing, you reach Scho- dack, 17 miles, and Castieton, 14 miles from Al- bany, which will shortly appear in sight, and, soon after, you will reach the capital of the State of New York— the City of Albany. SCENE OK THE RONDOUT. nilea distant, niloa off. Springs (86 ierkshire cars. Lebanon, is igs, and if the iteresting vil- rill well repay in 84 miles of lose much of n many places, lens and Hud- Is; then Cox- es, to Kinder- I which is the place of M«r- f the United II reach Scho- miles from AI- in sight, and, capital of the Albany. SCENE ON UONDOUT CREEK, STATE OF NEW YORK. TiiE above view represents a scene on tlio small stream of the Rondoiit, which takes its rise in Sullivan county, N. Y., about 100 miles from New York, nnd enters fho Hudson nt Eddyville, near Rondout. 00 miles from New York. The Delaware and Hudson Conal fol- lows the stream all the way tlirouj^h the valley in whieh the Rondout flows. Rondout, n village on the Hudson, takes its nnme from the creek, and is the stopping- place for the steamers between New York and Albany, for Kingston, three miles distant, the most important town between these two cities. The view given above was engraved from n photograph by IX Huntingdon, nnd portrays a scene of great beauty. A writer on this scene says : — " In it we have the constituents of many jiicturcs which reproduce our chai-aeteristic land-features, viz. : repose, grace, richness of foliage, softness *'f sky, gentle flow of water — all harmonizing to produce a very inspiriting sensation in the mind." ir !l ! 70 THK mXQARJi BUOPENSION BBIDOE. The abovAketoh represents the great International Bridge, which spans the Niagara, and joins the United States with Canada. Its length, from tower to tower, is 821 feet 4 inches. Erected at a cost of abont $400,000 (£80,000 stg.). The lower floor or road-way is used for foot passengers, carriages, carts, etc., same as any ordinary road. The npper floor is for railroad trafiio ezcInsiTely. Across this bridge, the trains of the Oreat Western Railroad of Canada and the various railroads of New York State, travel, each train drawn very slowly, by a light pilot engine. From a report, by Mr. Roebling, Engineer, on this gigantio structure, we copy the fol- lowing particulars: — " The base and towers on the New York ride, contain 1860 cubic yards, which weigh about 8,000 tons. Add to this weight of the superstructure of 1,000 tons, and we have a total of 4,000 tons, in a compact and solid mass, " There are 4 cables of 10 inches diameter, each composed of 8640 wires of small No. 9 NIAGARA SUSPENSION BRIDOI. 71 gauge, 00 wire* forming on* tqnare Inch of solid section ; OMklog the *oUd *ectlon of e«eh cable 60.40 M{twre Inch**, wrapping not inolud*d. " Each of the four large eablea 1* compoeed of Mven unallcr ones, whloh I call UranJt. Each itrand contains 680 wiresi One of theee forma the centre, the (Uvtben are pUced around It — the 5S0 wire* forming one atrand of endlees wire, obtained by splicing a num- ber of single wlrec. The ends of the strands are pasaed around and confined in cait-lrou shoes, which also receive the wfWfbt-iron pin that forms a connection with the anchor chainsL " The wire meaaoNs 18.81 feel ptr pound, and the strength, therefore. Is equivalent to 1640 Ibn per single wire, or neariy 100,000 pounds per square inch. " Assuming the above avenge strength, the aggregate strength of the 14,660 wires com* posing the funr cables^ will be ttiBf 8,400 pounds^ But their actual strength is greater, because the above eAltalatloaa are based upon ■ mhtknttm strength of the Individual wire^ We may asaune their anregate ultimate strength at 18,000 tons, of 8,000 pounds each. " Both ends of 4he bridge real upon the ellfh, and are anchored to the rock. As far as inpported by the cables, I estimate its weight at leas than 1000 tons, which includes the veight of cables between the towA«, and the pressure of the river stays below. " There are 684 suapenden, each capable of sustaining thirty tons, which makes their uiited strength 18,V80 toasL The ordinary weight they have to support is only 1000 ton*. A locomotive of thirty-fimr tona weight, Indddlng tender, spreads its weight, by means of the girders and trnsaea, over a length of no leas than 800 feet Of course the greatest preuure Is under the engbe, and Is thera aapported by no less than twenty suspenders If, by any accident, • aaddca blow or Jar should be produced, the strength of the suspender* will be abundant to iMSt It " A change of temperature of 100* eausee a dUTerence In the level of the floor of two feet three inches. The lower floor, or river stays have enough of slack, or deflection, to adjust themselves under these changes. The only dUrerence will be, that they are tighter in winter than in summer; consequently, that the equilibrium of the bridge will be less affected by paBsing train* in cold weather than in warm. " Drove* of cattle are, according to the regulation*, to be divided off into troop* of 20, no more than three *uch bodie*, or 60 in All, to be allowed on the bridge at one time. Each troop i* to be led by one pereon, who 1* to check their progress in case they should start off on a trot " In my opinion, a heavy train, runplng at a speed of 80 miles an hour, does lea* injury to the etructnre, than i* cau*ed by 20 heavy cattle under a full trot Public proceaeions, marching to the sound of music, or bodies of soldien keeping regular stop, will produce a still more injurious effisct" The charge fbr passing over the bridge, on foot, is 26 cents — going and returning. Car- riage $1.00, with 26 cents for each passenger inside. The promenade, during a hot day, on the foot-path of the bridge, i* delioiously cool, from the breeze which generally blow* up or down the gorge of the river. The view* looking toward* the Fall*, from different point* on the bridge, are also exceedingly good, presenting to the etranger the picture of Niagara Pall*, as they are represented in many engraving* which are given of them, and even the best of them, after all, only can give a very £slnt idea of the great reality. r i\. II 72 SUSPENSION BRIDGE, FALLS OF NIAOAKA. ii-^«...^^^'i- A. KlAOARA SUSPENSION BRIDGE — RAILROAD TRACK VIEW. THE FALLS OF NIAGARA. [DUUnt Ihim Nnr York, 4tO; qiutxt', Hi\ Fhllodtlphla, 441 1 BalUmon, U9i Toroalo, tOg Bulhlo, » mllH.] To attempt to convey the faintest imprcRsion of the unspenkublo magnitude and magniflcence of tlie Foils of Niagara almost borders on pre- oiimption. They have been clad with a brilliant halo of imagination since we first heord of their existence, at school. The pen, the pencil, and photography, have all been laid under contribu- tion, for the purpose of describing and illustrat- ing the mighty cataract. The powers of word- painting have been wielded by the litorateur, the preacher, and the poet, to furnish suitable representations of the " world's wonder." Fu- tility ond failure have been written upon every attempt. The thunder of woters is inexpressi- ble by human language ; but yet, to be admired it needs only to be seen ; and the deep impres- sion tliot is stamped upon the mind of every spectator that stands before the stupendous scene of Niogarn, will never be erased from the tablets of memory. Who shall ever forget that moment when he leapt from the cars, bounded, with all the impntience< of a curiosity cherished from earliest infancy, down the declivity, ond the sublime scene burst upon his astonished vision? The eye wandered up and down "the Rapids," rushing, for a mile above the Falls, in tumultu- ous madness, fretting and eddying, whirling and twirling, rumbling and tnmbling, pell-mell, iu precipitate confusion ; fell then upon the pure^ pellucid waters, that soothed themselves into a solemn sweep as they moved, with the mi^esty of irresistible might over the loii|il«r uf Iha lalanil, criwaitti wilh hia giMU forpaalura, h«nra Iha naiiia Uoal liUnii, Foil Hohloaiar may Im Man Airthar up Iha rirar, alau on Iha Amariean ilila, whara LaHalla, Iha graal aiplurar, Ural fuumlad • irMllutf puat. Thia furl hM changad hand*, Aral from tho Franch loth* Brillah,and naxi from Iha llrilUh lo Iha Aniartcana. About Ihli apol Iha vamvl, (namad Iha (ir{flH,) whloh Hril navigalvd Iho rlrar and lakaa, waa built. A Falhar llannapin la laid to hava baan tha Aral whita man who rlillad Niagara and aaW Iha Ralla, and who, Ilka many who hava auccaadad him, puhliahml K farjr axaggaratad account of Iham. Id wandering round Ooal laland you haT* DOW reached Iha atarling-poinl on II, vii., tha Urldga at tha Kapida, which you raoruit, and makn direct for Point View. I'oiNT Viaw l« allnatud oloaa to tha edge of tha American Fnll, and on the very brink of the precipice. From th|# point you get an axcellent view of both Fnila, but more partic- ularly a diatant view of the IIorie-Hhoe Fall. In the ferry-houae at Point View there la a railway, down an incline of 1 in 81 feet. The oara are worked up and down by water |H)wer, and are completely under the control of tlioao In charge. The fare for going up or down la 6 centa. At the bottom of the Incline la the rirer, where boata may be hired to take you •eroM to the Canada aide of the river for 8U oenta. Alongaide of the railway incline, there are itepa, up and down which partiea may go free. The depth, to the edge of the water, U 860 feet— 201 atopa in all. In the lummor leaion a imall ateamer, colled the "New Maid of the Miat," auila from the foot of the ferry ataira, up ua near u« poaaible to the baae of the Horae-Hhoe Fall. On proceeding on board you put on an oil-akin cloak and hood, which envelopea the whole peraon, excepting tho face; and, thua clad, you atand on deck, rlewing the Falia, aa the atcamer inakea her apeedy trip, and aa alie rocka about amid the agitated water. Certainly tho view is excellent, unleaa when the aun la shining out very strong, then much of the sight is lost, owing to that and the spray from the Falls falling so thickly upon the face and eyes. Tht sail is one only of a few minutes, nevertheless we recommend all to take a trip on board the little craft. Great vigilance and care is necessary in steering round the baao of the Fall. When it has reached the middle of the Fail the steam is shut off, and then the boat is swung round and carried down by tlie current, when steam is put on, and she is turned round to the landing-point, ready to take on board another lot of paaaangera. Far* llir iM trip 'Mii'vnia, H». alg ), In the farry lioiiaa a iMaulinilly cinar •Irviim of walar, from Iha rock, la kapl running ron< lliiMally, wilh luniblara provldeil for the u»a uf vlallora, Tha Maaara. Portara, lo whom the proprrty balonga, hava dona much lately lo Inipnivn Iha appaaritnca of Iha placa all around, and aildoil greatly lo the comfort and cunvanianva of viait* ora, by providing aeala, alo,, ale. Having apeni attma lima at Point View, yno may now proceed down the Incline w« huva nienllonad, croaa tha river in a aniall lio'il, and land on tha (!anailian aide, near the Cilfloii ilouaa, on your road to a eurioaily in ita wny -^ the liurning Hprlnga— ahown to strangers hyaa old native of Alivrdeenahire, (Hcolland), llafore reaching tliara, however, you will paaa Table Hook— a view from off which will intvrast you. TkUitt Roca,of which we give an iiluatration, Is situated on tha (Canada side of the river, near the angle where the llorae-Hlioe Full pouraover. It Is a crag, which pn)Jvcta over the e ferent times. Near Table Kock there is another staircase, which you may deacend and got « view from behind the great sheet of \viiter which fulls over the Uurse Mhoe, from olT a narro«v ledge of rock, called Termination Rock,* wliich, together with the grnund all about it, ahakoa with the immense power of the water pouring down upon it. It Is only, however, wiicn the water is not very Aill, that thia eight can be seen. A favourite time with many for visiting the fiUia is at sunset, about which time some most beautiful phenomena are to bo seen. Again, the view by moonlight is considered to be very tine, and presenting totally difleront features from any thing to be seen during the day. In winter time also, we understand, the Fulls, together with the scenery around them, present sights well worth being seen by every tourist. To reach liurning Springs it is a considerable walk round from tho Clitton House, so that most parties engage a conveyance thither. The pedestrian, however, will enjoy the walk very much. The charge at the Burning Springs is 25 cents each. BuRNiNO SpniNflS. — From the sketch we give, readers at a distance will see an exact represent- ation of where tho Spring is exhibited, in an old wooden " shanty," pitch dark, but lighted up by the attendant, as ho applies a light to the * 8!nce this was written, we underitnnil that Ter- mination Rock hHi been wsthed away— lliut, »« faar, depriving all In future of obtaining the view hers al lulled to. i : IflAOARA TAUM. n THE UURNINO HPUINOH, NIAGARA. gfti, u It ItNuet up through an iron pipe flxed in u linrrol, wliich in pluccil umUliit tliu witter S ur 4 fvct iiniivniuiitli. Thu water, which In ch»rK>>**mi'« I'olUg* whivli yott a«MMtul hul ohaarv* m yuu |ii nliing. Th*r* jrou lurn (Vom olf Ih* pnb- lie niitil, Anii Aiilow • namtw riHMl lhruu||h • deiin* woinI, unlll jrira r*«eh • •mall wuarll*a r««dy l» f lv* you all InformalloH r*a|>*alln|| Ih* p«lh dowu lo III* *tlK* of Ih* rivtr Mt>m, Yiw th*r* p«y VA Mill*, whl*h goa* lu Ih* *up|)oH of Oaraui'a Cull*!* — • aolltgt aatoblUliinl, at • aoat of |l.14,i >>y • VnB«bmM named Daraui, fur Ilia (Vm nialnlanaaM Md aduanllon of UK) boy*. You win, In all probaMIUy, b* pl*M«d wllh your Tiall lo Ih* Whirlpool. Wbllal lh*r*, yuu may proca*il lo Um Darll't UoU, a abort way down Iha rivvr, on Iha aama aid*, and which niiifUu of a chaarn of about VUO r*«l d**p on Ih* iMnk of Ilia rtvvr. Tb* aniall atrwam which |Miura over Ih* praclploa abor* th«r», i* callml llloiHly Kun-niini«d ao In oona«<|ii*nc* uf Ih* inilour |[lv«ii lo II on on* iicoaalon by Ih* bluuil of Iha UrItUli lioopa nililng with II, during an an- Kugi'inant wllh *oiue Indiana and ITrvnch dur- ing III* war lh«r« In ITflS. Uaoca'a Moniimiiit forma nna of Iha "llona" of Niagara, whieh touriata, lu approaching from Toronio, per ataamar and rail, will obaarva to gri>at odvantag*, a* Ibey procrml In the cara f^nm Ihu town of Miignra to Hunprnalon Drldga. Il ■tund* on Quoonatown ilulght* (('anada aide). Ercvtvd to tlio Ilrltiih genrrni, HIr laaao lirook, who ffll In the en|{»gm lb* alallun al lb* town, lo and ttum whl«b omnlbuaoa run In eoaneellon wllh the principal hotala. The town on lb* Amertean aMe, al Muap*»- alon Bridge, la known by lb* nnrne of Niagara City. Travellera Ibr Ih* Falla abould ehack Ihalr b«n*K* tu " Niagara ralta," If ibey Intaml reald- Ing on Iha Amariean aid* j and lu " Huipanaion Hrldge, Clinun," If on Ih* Cana>'l'tn aid*— on whifh aide thar* are esoellent hotel* a^» Th* large lljualratton of the falla given in the accnnipanynig p»g*, waa taken f^ini what la eon*id«r**ing iHitb the American and Canadian (or lloraeMhoa) Falla together, via., n*ar Ih* Cllflun lluua*, on Ih* ('anadian aid* of tb* rivvr. ThI* vlaw waa taken by photograph, by M. Ilanungel, Photo- grapher, llroadway. New York, laal aummer, and la decidedly the beet and moat correct view of the Falla we ever aaw on paper. To pre- a«rv*, aa Ikr aa poaalble, in the prnceaa of en- graving, all the delaila of the great original, we have had M. Ilanungel'a Iminenae photograph re-photographed ou a leduoed acale on wmxl, by I'rice'a patent procaaa, and engravml, lo that we can, wllh coiiHilence, refer to the ncvoinpany- ing view uf the Niagara Falla aa correct in every particular. The other illualrationa preaented have alao been engraved fh)m photograph* taken than laal aummer. n ROCTU TO THI fkVUL Thara are iaver ai near aa can be kl roulaa f^om th* Atlanlle ••aboard, tha bail of whIeh we give, with Ik* dialaneaa and fare, a)o«rt*)ned ; aa alao gna from Quabao through Canada : — raoM MBw Toai. 1re.L Mllaa. laamar, from New Tnrk to Albany ino , Rail, from Albany lo Roohaitar tti.. Rati, from Rocbaatar to Niagara rallt ... 7(1 . Total Coat. ..«1.B« .. 4.M .. 1.M 4U....|7.(M il in*. M. alf. from New Tork to Albany Iha Iluilion Klvar Rafl- road can be taken; dialanea, 144 mlica ; fare, $8.00. fa S. Mtlea. York and lriaR.R.IoHomalUvUla., DM. Rail, from Horndlivllle to UulTalo 01 Rail, from BulTalo to Niagara ralla.... . tt. Total , Oo*t. .•«.7B . a. 10 . O.M 446....I9.4S £1 IS*. iiK. Or, par New York and trie Railroad to Roohaalar and Daffaio direct, tW mllaa, tfcanee aa above. ff?;i raoM «iw Toai. klllaa. Ooal. ark and Erie Railroad to Bmlra. . 174. . . .|6.00 Rati, from BImIra lo Niagara rail* IM.... 4.10 Total 440..,|iAtO £» 0*. ta. alg. raoM qeiaao. «'» 4 Mllaa. Coat, all, to Montreal. 171 ,. . .M.00 Rail, from Montraal lo Toronto 884. . . .10.00 Rail, l^om Toronto to Niagara Valla 81 .... 1 .88 Total AeS...|lTM a lu. trf.itg. From Toronto Iha •taamar can be taken to Niagara, m mllaa,) on Lake Ontario ; ihanea rail (14 mllei) to Suapanalon Orldge. Total diatanee, from Toronto, about W mllaa ; ooal, |1 .M (<«. alg.). ikIou* luaiMit >i« on* Airliiar 1 Iha nam* u( ih« linniMllala tag •re rM»— I. lonabia raaorl •lilansa on Ilia bolaU tra uo liad bjr (ra«l 4m MPTlva •! I (own, lni what U iliitf >N>ili tlia « HhiM) ralla luuM, on Ills ■la rlaw wm ungvl, I'hoto- laat auinmar, oorraot vlaw f*r. To pra- iroceaa of an- t (irlfilnal, wi> t phutograph •la on wood, rariNl, lo that u itcemnpanjr- rroct in arery •»•*•». HAaiii. Huaaa. ••»•• fO laipt tad a«l4. Mnaa* •amMlait •« Itraat Hrluin anif all athar p»ti» »l Riwn|ia l.anil War- rant* linitahl anil aolil. Alan, aganla tiir Iha aala nf tiaaaaga IMkala la and Itnm tka arlaalpal alllaa In (arntia. UT K. M. UUDOAMO, NuUr/ rabUa fur HIaaar* iJaaalf . The Six NitiMi Iidtai Sure, f AUI IT.. IIAOA&A f ALU, (orpoaiTi nrraanAtioHAL awraL.) ^dz^s. DAVY, A laraa Aaaartaaaal af INDIAN BEAD WOBK, MOOHE lUIR A PORCUPINE gUILU, And otter ranoT Ooods and Indian OuriealtlM. MANvrAortmiiD bt WDUHa oh ma raannaa. Zk H. Fa HAMTTiTOW, 3-UZIDS3, WILl CONDUCT PARTI EH ANO IIVI mrOUIATIOfl ooaoaaaiatt *u roiata or iNTBaaat Ar««Btf IVI«ffar« Fall*. Raftra lo Iba OflUira at IIm Mvtral ilotala. JAMIinnAIMTIEIII, (roaMBBLr aoioaa.) UAVI ALWAYS IN RIADINISS CABBIAOBS, TO ootrrvr rkwmm to all tm ponm or urnmiBT n mi VIOINITV or NIAOARA FAkkS. y. B.—Btiftg limg ntUtnU iia Indian Htora, oppualta Intcrnatlunal Ilotal, Falla Hlraat, or at tha Niagara tlouaa, Main Htraat. GREAT WESTERN HOTEL, SUSPEV8I0V BBIDOE, I CANADA SIDE. PROPniCTORa t^^ TrainB arrive at, and depart from, the Railroad Station opposite the Hotel. O A.XiXiX JLOBS TO TKB F JW Za Za S , AlfD DUm IN TUB TIOnflTT. TRIP FROM MONTREAL TO OTTAWA. tt MONTREAL TO OTJAWA, 0. W. Tiiu beautiful route may be travoned either by rail from Montreal to Pretcott Junction, and thence by rail to Ottawa, at detcribed elsewhere ; or It may be taken by way of rail to Laohlne, steamer from Lachiue to CArrillon, rail from Carrillon to Urenville, and Oreo- vlUo to Ottawa by iteauier again. By thi* route It will be leen that there are leveral changes to be made, which cannot be avoided, on account of the rapldi on the river, which cannot be " run" by the tteamer. This route It one so little known, that, notwithstanding the disadvantages which chang- ing so often presents, we have thought it advisable to give a brief account of the trip to Ottawa, as made by us last June, addressing ourselves at If the reader were going. Pro- ceeding In cab or omnibut to Orifflntown — 1| miles from pott-office, Montreal — yon arrive and book at the Lochine Railroad Depot; fare through to Ottawa, first class, f 3 ; leuond class, $2. Strange to say, no baggage is " checked through," on this route as via Grand Trunk railroad, or the other lines in the United States^ Started on the cars, therefore, with a string of tickets to and from the different points on your way, you soon reach Lachine, nine miles off. At Lachlne you change cars, and step on board the steamer " Lady Simpson" in waiting, and once under weigh, yon get a fine view of the mighty St. Lawrence, with Lake St Louis close at hand. Xot long after the steamer starts, breakfast will be announced, which may be partaken of, if you had not got It before you started from Montreal. An excellent breakfast for 1«. lO^dl currency, (1«. 6d. stg.,) or 87^ cents. If a fine morning, you will bo delighted with the sail, as the steamer skims along the shore of the Island of Montreal, till she reaches St. Anne's, at the extreme corner of that Island. At St Anne's, the steamer leaves the St Lawrence, and passes through the locks there, and is then on the bosom of the Ot- tawa. Yuu will Bcorcely bo able to imagine it to be a river ; in reality, it forms the Lake of the Two Mountains, being one of the numerous lakes which the Ottawa may be taii to be a succession of. At St Anne's you will get an excellent view of the substantial stone bridge of the Grand Trunk Railway, which here crosses the Ottawa, and wli.oh forms a striking contrast to the mistaken policy of the railway companies in the United States in building so many " rickety" wooden bridges — with their warnings up of fines of so much if you trot a horse over them — and which in going over so many accidents have occurred. Here, possibly, you may observe, against one of the piers of this bridge, a portion of a large raft, which, in " running" the rapids last season, became unmanageable and dashed up against the bridge — scattering the raft in all directions — to the great loss of the proprietor of it Some of the logs may be seen yet, resting up against the pier of the bridge, as if trying to clear all before them, and the gigantic pier standing up, in its mighty strength, as if bidding them float quietly past St Anne's is the spot where the poet Moore located the scene of his celebrated Canadian Boat Song. CANADIAN BOAT SONG. BT THOMAS MOORE, Faintly sa tolls the evening chime, Our voices keep tune and our oara keep time ; Boon as the woodii on shore look dim, We'll sing at St. Anne's our parting hymn. Row, brothers, row, the stream runs fast, The Rapids are near, and the daylight's past. Why should we yet our sail unfurl ? There Is not a breath the blue wave to curl ; But when the wind blows off the shore, Oh I sweetly we'll rest our weary oar. Blow, breezes, blow, the stream runs fast, The Rapids are near, and the daylight's past. y 80 TRIP UP TUB OTTAWA. OltkWk'i tld« t thli tremhllng moon Hhall loe ui float ovtr thy iurgM ioon. Balnt of thli pMn Ulc I h«ar our prayan, Oh I grant ui oool heaTeni and favoring alr«. Blow, brcMM, blow, the itream rum fait, ' Thi llapldf are near, i^nd the dayllght'i put. Started flrom St. Anne'a yon shortly reach a beantiful ezpantlon of the Ottawa — which forma here what ia called Tarn Laki or thk Two Mountains — named from the two moun- tains which are seen to the north, rising four hundred to Are hundred feet high. After sailing a short time, and with your face to the bow of the steamer, yoii will ob- serve, to the right, where this great river— coming slowly and silently along — is divided by the Island of Montreal { the one fork of the river which yon observe to the north-eost, wind- ing its way past the island, after which it makes its acquaintance with the St. Lawrence, to the north-east of Montreal. The other fork, or division on which you have just started ttom, at St, Anne's, meets the St Lawrence there ; although, strange to say, the waters of these two immense rivers — as if not relishing the mixture of each other, and tlius forming one— continue their seporate and undivided distinctness for miles, till they meet with such rough treatment, from either torrents, wind, or waves, that they Join issue, and form at last, one immense river in the St Lawrence, in which the beautiful but majestic Ottawa is swallowed up. In the last report on the Geological Survey of Canada, the following remarks on the com> ponent parts, and other peculiarities, of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence occur : — " The water of the Ottawa, containing but little more than one-third as much solid mat- ter as the St. Lawrence, Is Impregnated with a much larger portion of organic matter, derived from the decomposition of vegetable remains, and a large amount of alkalies uncom- blned with chlorine or sulphuric acid. Of the alkalies determined as chlorlds, the chlorid of potassium in the Ottawa water forms thirty-two per cent, and in that of the St Lawrence, only sixteen per cent.; while in the former, the slllcia equals thirty-four per cent, and in the latter, twenty-three per cent, of the mineral matters. The Ottawa drains a region of crystalline rooks, and receives from these by far the greater part of its waters; hence the salts of potash, liberated by the decomposition of these rocks, are In large proportion. The extensive vegetable decomposition, evidenced by the organic matters dissolved in the water, will also have contributed a portion of potash. It will be recollected that the proportion of potash salts in the chlorlds of sea- water and saline waters, generally, does not equal more than two or three per cent As to the St Lawrence, although the basin of I^ke Superior, in which the river takes its origin, Is surrounded by ancient sandstones, and by crystalline rooks, it afterwards flows through lakes whose basins are composed of palieozoic strata, which abound in limestones rich In gypsum and salt, and these rocks have given the waters of this river that predominance of soda, chlorine, and sulphuric acid which distinguishes it from the Ottawa. It is an interesting geographical feature of these two rivers, that they each pass through a series of great lakes, in which the waters are enabled to deposit their suspended Impurities, and thus are rendered remarkably clear and transparent" The two rivers thus not mixing at once, Is owing, we presume, to the specific gravity of the one being much heavier than that of the other. Tlie two are distinctly seen flowing down together, by the difference In their color. The loke you are now upon — If a fine morning, and in summer — will be as calm as a mill- pond, and, with its wooded islands, and nicely-wooded country round about, forms a scene of the finest character. Each turn the steamer takes, it opens up with it new beauties. Sometimes, however, the lake, now so placid and beautiful to look upon, is raised like a raging sea, rendering its navigation not so easy, as many a poor raftsman has found to his cost, whilst navigating his treasure of lumber to Quebec or Lachinc. You may, possibly, see some of these rafts of lumber as you pass along. Nowhere in the whole of America, we believe, will you see such magnificent and valuable rafts of lumber as on the Ottawa. The rafts on the Delaware, Ohio, and Mississippi, which we have seen, are nothing to com- TRIP UP THE OTTAWA. (S«« pare to them — either in tize or in the Talne of the wood of which they are compoeed. Lumber and Lumbermen, ) PaMint; onwards on the lake, you will obierve Tm Indian Viuaob, at the b«M of the Two Mountains. There reside the remnants of two tribes, the Iroquois and Algonquins, On the wndy soil behind the village, the Indians have their games, foot races, etc., etc. After pasting there, the steamer will probably stop at VACDmiuL, at the head of the Lake of the Two Slauntoina, Proceeding on from there, the steamer will steer for Point Anglais, (English Point,) and from there cross over to the settlement of Rioaud, and a hill of the same name, on the river Le Oraisse. After enjoying the beauties of the scene on every side, yon will shortly find yourself at Oarrillon. Opposite Carrillon is sitnatcd Point Fortune, the station which leads per stage to the Caledonia Springs, unless passengers wish to go there from L'Ortginal, which yon will reach, by-and-by, by taking the oars at Carrillon, the point you have now reached. At Carrillon you will leave the steamer, walk up to the train which is in readiness to convey you from there to Qrenville. On alighting from the steamer, look after your bag- gage — see it placed on the cart which is to convey it from there to the train — and then see it placed on the train. You will have a few minutes to wait at Carrillon, during which time you can be survey- ing the beauties of the scene around you — and get a peep of the rapids which here pass from Grenville to Carrillon, where you are. "All aboard," as the conductor says; the bell on the engine rings, and yon are on the high road to Grenville. This road passes through farms in all stages of clearing — the numerous shanties betoken- ing that they are held by their original proprietors, who are struggling to see them all cleared some day, and present a very different scene from what they do at present. Pass- ing through, therefore— dismal enough swamp — some good land — farms cleared and un- cleared — you arrive at Chatham Station (C. E). You will remember that you are now in Canada East — ^the other side of the River Ottawa, all the way np, nearly to its source, being Canada West; you, no doubt, are aware that Canada East is inhabited chiefly by French Canadians, (Roman Catholics,) and Canada West chiefly by British, or descendants of such, (and mostly Protestants,) the Scotch people forming a large portion of the population in Canada West Passing Chatham Station — and a good many cleared farms in its neighbor- hood — you shortly reach Orenville, where the train stops, and you take the steamer "Phoenix." Here again look after your baggage, and see it on board. At Grenville, you cannot fail to be forcibly struck with the beauty of the scenery now disclosed to your view. Not being of a poetical disposition, we regret our inability to do it that justice, in our description of it, to which it is entitled. From this point, the steamer turns round, to start on towards Ottawa, 68 miles off (6| hours). To our mind, this is the finest scene on the whole trip. The Ottawa here forms a sort of bay, with exquisitely beautiful scenery all round it— on one side a range of hills, stretching along as far as the eye can carry, wooded to their tops. The scenery reminds us of the vicinity of Ellen's Isle, on Loch Katrine, (Scot.,) only, tliat on the Ottawa, at this point, the hills are wooded— whilst those of the Scottish lake are barren— or covered only with pasture and heather. Passing on from this charming point of view, the steamer now goes direct up the river for Ottawa City, making several stops by the way: the first is Hartwick's old landing, next, L'Ori^nal, with its excellent pier, and pretty, quiet little town in the distance. Proceeding on, you will pass, on the right hand or north side of the river, the lands of the Papineau Seigniory, belonging to L. J. Papineau, of 1837 Canadian rebellion notoriety. This gentleman, we believe, still strongly adheres to his republican opinions, and is not a member in the Canadian legislature, at present. Before the rebellion alluded to, Mr. Papi- neau held the ofiSce of Speaker, and at the time of the rebellion, it is said government was due him about $4,000, which, on the restoration of peace, etc., he received on his return from exile, notwithstanding that he had been one of the leaders in that movement, in 1837. i Hi-i IS* ii (^, / v<^< Ci' Jk„«. 82 TRIP UP THE OTTAWA. I 1 ■I y L^-- -A ''sT^-. The lelgnlory extendi for aboat 16 mile*, and U ooniidcred one of the pooreit in Oamid*. At you pats on, you will obterve the beautiful range of hillt, to the north, which, from the differont tiiet and thapet they aitume, present, with their shrubbery, a beautiful fringe work, to the tcene all around. Tliete hills form part of the chain, which range from Labrador, all the way to the Rocky Mountains^ Passing the stopping point of Montebello, you will observe Mr. Papineau't residence, embosomed amongst trees and shrubbery of beautiful foliage. It is called Papineau't Castle — Cupe Bt, Marie. At this point, the steamer, turns to the left, leaving the hills referred to, behind you. From Mr. Papineau's house, a most magnificent view of the river, and surrounding country, must be had— occupying to prominent a petition, at the bend of the river, which there forms a sort of bay. Proceeding on, you will now observe that the scenery anumei rather a different atpeot, but ttill beautiful in itt charaoter. You tail patt little itlands wooded all over, and on be- tween the banks of the river — which in tome placet become very flat, with the river ex- tending in amongst the forest At a more advanced season of the year, the river it lower, consequently, much of the water previously spread over a great portion of the country, re- cedes during the summer months, and before the winter season sets in, a heavy crop of hay is reaped. For nearly eight months in the year, however, the ground it thut covered with tlie swelling of the river, and of course only fit for cultivation during the hot season of about four months' duration. You are now approaching tea place about twenty-eight miles of Ottawa — called Thurso — which presents nothing particular but an immense yard full of sawn lumber, belonging to the greatest lumbering establishment in the world — Pollok, Oilmour & Co., of Glasgow, (Scotland,) being one of the many stations which that firm have in Canada, for carrying on their Immense trade. From off immente traoti of land, which they hold from government for a mere trifle — situated in different districts on the Ottawa — they have the lumber brought to wharves on the river, made into rafts and then floated down ; that intended for the ports on the St Lawrence and United Statet, to the west of Montreal, going via La- chine, whilst the greater proportion goes via the route you have been travelling— over the rapldt and down to Lake St Peter'i, on the St Lawrence, till it finally reaches Quebec. There it is sold or shipped by tbem to ports in Oreat Britain, large quantities of it finding itt way to the Clyde (Scotland). Opposite to Thurso, will be observed what is called Foxe's Point. An English family of that name have settled there, and to this day they appear not to have forgot their taste for nent, well-trimmed grounds, fences, etc., exhibit- ing many of tlie characteristics of an Englishman's home. Passing on, you next stop at probably the wharf for Buckingham, (0. K,) \1 miles inland. Opposite to this landing is Cumberland, (C. W.); passing which, you will shortly reach Gill's wharf, 6 miles from Ot- tawa, and the last stopping-place previous to reaching there. In half an hour or so, you will observe the bluffs of Ottawa in the distance, but no ap- pearance of the city, it being situated on ground high above the level of the river, where you land at To the left you will notice the beautiful little waterfall of the Rldeau — a Niagara in miniature — with its Goat Island between the horse shoe and straight line fall It falls about 30 feet, and forms one of the prettiest little falls to be seen almost anywhere. On the right hand, you will observe a cluster of wooden shanties, at the mouth of the river Gatineau, which there joins the Ottawa, and, as you stand admiring the beauty of the scenery before, behind, and around you, the steamer touches at the wharf of Ottawa City. From the deck of the steamer, you will have an excellent view of the suspension bridge and the Chauderie Falls in the distance, with the rapids and the falls, throwing up tlie spray all around, forming a white cloud over the bridge. At the wharf you will find vehicles waiting to convey you to any hotel or address you may wish to go to. On reocb- ing the top of the steep incline from the steamer, you will then obtain a first eight, per- haps, of Ot:awa City, which was to have been the seat of the Canadian Government — and which may be yet — should the whim or interest of the members of the provincial parlia- ment not decree otherwise. '.V TRIP UP THE OTTAWA. fi The sttfamor " Lady SlmpioD," from Lachine to Orenvlllo, ii )>arlly owned by iti captain— Shcppard. The itcamer " Phoenix"— on board which you will find an excellent dinner fr>r fifty cents, (2f, ttg„) — li comnianded by • very civil and obliging Hootohman named McLaohlnn — who will be glad to point out to you the beauties of the river. From Oronville to Ottawa — a French-Canadian pilot takes charge of the steering of the vessel. Parties who go to Ottawa City — by rail, via Prescott — as described elsewhere, can return from Ottawa by the route now described, and we have no doubt they will be pleased with one of the finest river trips we have experienced In America. The scenery of the Ottawa, just described, is by no meons so bold In character as that of the nobie river Hudson, from New York to Albany and Troy — still, it is one which cannot fall to afford the highest satls< faction to the tourist For bolder scenery, and the highlands of the Ottawa — see next page for account of the Upper Ottawa — being a continuation of the same river from Ottawa — away north-west — extending to parts as yet untrod by few, if any, white men — far less by tourists. MONTREAL TO OTTAWA, 0. W. VU OBAND TBUNK RAaROAD. Take the cars on the Grand Trunk Railroad from station in Griffin Town, 1| miles from post-office, Montreal. Started from the station, you proceed, getting a fine view of the St. Lawrence on the left, the mountain on the right, and the fine landscape stretohing beyond, till you reach Point Claire — 15 miles. Leaving there, you proceed on through a beautiful country till you reach the magnificent bridge which crosses the river Ottawa at St. Anne's, going over which you get a hasty glance of the Ottawa stretching for beyond to the west, assuming the appearance of a magnificent lake, situated in a basin, surrounded by finely- wooded hills in the background, andr ichly-wooded country on every side of it. Immedi- ately under this bridge yon may observe the rapids rushing along, and also the locks where tlie steamer for the Ottawa River, from Lachine, passes through to avoid these —called " St Anne's rapids" — from the name of the village close by. You pass on to Vaudreull, 24 miles; Cedars, 20 miles; Coteau Landing, S7 miles; River Benudette, 44 miles; Lancaster, 64 miles; Summerstown, 60 miles; Cornwall, 68 miles; Moulinette, 73 miles ; Dickinson Landing, 11 miles ; Aultsville, 84 miles ; Williamsburg, 92 miles; Matilda, 99 miles; Edwardsburg, 104 miles, to Prescott Junction, 112 miles from Montreal. At Prescott Junction, yon change cars, and take those on the line from Prescott to Ottawa, 64 miles distant, stopping at eight stations between these points. The stranger, if ne\idy arrived, either via Quebec, or New York, from Great Britain, or continent of Eu- rope, will, on this line, get the first glimpse, most likely, of " bush life," of " shontles," and "cleared," or "partially cleared" lands. The line being a succession of dense forest, swamp, and partially cleared farms, presents few or no interesting features to the tourist farther than those mentioned. Between the last station (Gloucester) and Ottawa (11 miles off) the country presents a much more cleared appearance, and a few well-cultivated farms wUl be seen along the line of railroad, until it arrives at the station, close to New Edinburgh, on the one side of the Rideau River, with Ottawa on the other side, about a quarter of a mile off. You will find vehicles in waiting, which will convey yourself and luggage to whatever hotel you please. Campbell's Hotel, Ottawa, we can recommend. For description of Ottawa, see elsewhere. After you have visited Ottawa, its river above the town, etc., etc., you can return to Montreal, via steamer on the River Ottawa, via Grenville, Lachine, etc., (see Montreal to Ottawa, via Lachine and steamer,) or the way you came. If i I': I, I;* M I ' I i 84 THB UPPER OTTAWA AND TRIBUTARIES. UNITED STATES TO OTTAWA, 0. W. Prmoott JuMonoM, on th« QranJ Trunk Railway, 113 luUei from Montrcol, U th« nMNtt point fur tourliU and euii^^ranU from the United Htate*. Preitcott it approaolied by iteamer from Ogdenibnrg, opposite dde of tli« river. > Or via rail to Cape Vincent, thence steamer to Kiugiton, and rail to Preicott. Or via steamer all the way, vii., Cape Vincent, passing through the Thousand Islands, past Broclcville on to Presoott Or via stoamcr to BrookvUle, thence rail to Prescott Junction. From Presoott to Ottawa proceed per rail, at mentioned in preceding route. See "Mon- treal to Ottawa," per Grand Trunk Railroad. From Suspension Bridge or Niagara Falls, per Great Western Rail to Toronto, and thence Grand Trunk Railroad to Presoott Junction ; thence, rail. Or steamer fh>m Lewiston or Nia- gora to Toronto, and thence, steamer on Canada side, or by the American line of steamers from Lewiston and Niagara direct to BrockvlUe or Ogdensburg, THE UPPER RIVER OTTAWA. A DnoRiPTioN of the lower portion of the Ottawa we have given elsewhere. In a trip from Montreal to Ottawa, leaving the river on reaching the town of Ottawa. For an authentic description of the upper portion of this wonderful river, we annex par- ticulars regarding it, from a report made to the House of Assembly, some time ago. The description of the river which follows, commences at the source of the river, and proceeds on tmoardi Ottawa, till It reaches the point we left off at : The length of the course of the Ottawa River is about 780 miles. From Its source it bends In a south-west course, and after receiving several tributaries from the height of land separating Its waters from the Hudson's Bay, it enters Lake Temlscaming. From its entrance into this lalce downward the course of the Ottawa has been surveyed, and is well known. At the head of the lake the Blanch River falls In, coming about 90 miles from the north. Thirty-four miles farther down the lake It receives the Montreal River, coming 120 miles from the north-west Six miles lower down on the east, or Lower Canada bank, It re- ceives the Keepawnsippl, a large river, whicli has Its origin In a lake of great size, hither- to but partially explored, and known as Lake Keepawa. This lake Is connected with an- other chain of irregularly-shaped lakes, from one of which proceeds the River du Moine, which enters the Ottawa about 100 miles below the mouth of the Keepawaslppi, the double discharge from the same chain of lakes in opposite directions, presents a phenom- enon similar to the connection between the Orinoco and Rio Negro In South America. From the Long Sault at the foot of Lake Temlscaming, 238 miles above Bytown, and 860 miles from the mouth of the Ottawa, down to Deux Joachim Rapids, at the bead of the Deep River, that Is for 80 miles, the Ottawa, with the exception of 11 miles below the Long Sault, and some other intervals. Is not at present navigable, except for canoes. Be- sides other tributaries In the Interval, at 197 miles from Ottawa, It receives on the west side the Mattawan, which Is the highway for canoes going to Lake Huron, by Lake Nipl» sing. From the Mattawan the Ottawa flows east by south to the head of Deep River Reach, 9 miles above which It receives the River Du Moine from the north. From the heod of Deep River — as this part of the Ottawa is called — to the foot of Upper Allumetto Lake, 2 miles below the village of Pembroke, is an uninterrupted reach of navi- gable water, 43 miles In length. The general direction of the river, in this part, is south- east Tlie mountains along the north side of Deep River are upwards of 1000 /e«( in height, and the many wooded islands of Allumette Lake render the scenery of this part of the Ottawa magnificent and picturesque — even said to surpass the celebrated Lake of the Thousand Islands on the St Lawrence. ■tr* THE UPPER OTTAWA— AND RIVER BAOUENAT. fi Panlng the thort rapid of Allumettei, knd turning northward, round the lower end of Allumettee Inland, which U U mllci long, and 8 at Ita greatest width, and turning down iouth-catt through Coulonge Lake, and paulng behind the nearly tlmllar Iilandi of Calu- met, to the head of the Calumet Fall*, the Ottawa preeente, with the exception of one •light rapid, a reach of 00 nillee of navigable water. The mountain* on the north tide of Coulonga Lake, which rlie apparently to the height of 1000 feet, add a degree of grandeur to the (ctMHtry, which I*, In other respect*, beautiful and varied. In the Upper Allumettea liike, 1000 mile* from Ottawa, the river receive* from the west the Petawawce, one of Ita largest tributaries. ThI* river I* 140 mile* In length, and drains an area of 2,200 squara miles. At Pembroke, 9 miles lower down on the same side, an inferior stream, the Indian River, also empties itself Into the Ottawa, At the head of Lake Coulonge, the Ottawa receives firom the north the Black River, 180 miles In length, draining an area of 1120 miles; and 9 miles lower, on the same side, the River Coulonge, which is probably 160 miles in length, with a valley of 1800 square miles. From the head of the Calumet Falls, to Portage dn Fort, the head of the steamboat nar- igatlon, a distance of 80 miles, are Impassible rapids. Fifty miles above the city the Otta- wa receives on the west the Boneohere, 1 10 miles in length, draining an area of 980 miles. Eleven miles lower. It receives the Madawaska, one of its greatest feeders, a river 210 miles In length, and draining 4,100 square miles. Thirty-seven miles above Ottawa, there is an interruption in the navigation, caused by 8 miles of rapids and falls, to pass which a railroad has been made. At the foot of the rapids, the Ottawa divides among Islands. Bix miles above Ottawa begins the rapids, terminating in the Chaudiire Falls, Ottawa, The greatest height of the Chaudidre Falls is about 40 feet A TRIP TO THE RIVER SAGUENAY. For altout $12, a trip can be enjoyed to and from one of the moet magnificent districts in Canada — where nature appears in all her wild and secluded grandeur. Tourists take the steamer from Quebec, which boIIh generally every VTedneBday. To quote from one who visited this district, " You leave in the morning, and passing down the St. Lawrence, put in at several places for passengers, which gives an opportunity of seeing the habitana, and the old-fushloned French settlements of St. Thomas, River Ouolle, Kamouraska, and many others, together with Orleans Island, Crane Island, Goose Island, and the Pilgrims, The north and south shores of the river are thickly studded with parish churches, having spires of tin which glitter in the sun like shining silver ; these, and the whitewashed forra-houses, form two objects characteristic of Lower Canada, By sunset you arrive at River du Loup, The water is quite salt, and the river, expanding to the breadth of 20 miles, gives it the appearance of an open sea ; and it is much frequented as a sea-bathing place. " Here you remain all night on board, so as to be ready for an early start ot down, when you stretch across for the north shore, steering for a great gap in the mountains. This is the mouth of the Saguenay, one of the most singular rivers in the world ; not a common river, with undulating banks and shelving shores, and populous villages: not a river pre- cipitous on one side, and rolling land on the other, formed by the washing away of the mountains fur ages : this is not a river of that description. It is perfectly straight, with a sheer precipice on each side, without any windings, or projecting bluffs, or sloping banks, or sandy shores. It is as if the mountain range had been cleft asunder, leaving a horrid gulf of 60 miles in length, and 4000 feet in depth, through the grey mica-schist, and still looking new and fresh, 1500 foet of this is perpendicular cliff, often too steep and solid for the hemlock or dwarf oak to find root; in which case, being covered with coloured lichens and moss, these fresh-looking fractures often look, in shape and colour, like painted fans, and arc called the Pictured Rocks. But those parts, more slanting, are thickly covered with 86 RIVKR SAOUENAY. Itunted trcM. tpruo* and mApU, And birch, grnwIiiK wh«rev«r thuy «itn And rravlcM to Mtmct nourialiniont: and the b«r« ruoU of the uak, gnitpInK tha rock, h«v« • rM<>ml)Un«« to glt(ni)tlo cUwM, Tlio UiM of th«M ollfTi He f«r under water, to an unknown dvpth. For many mile* fW>m Ita uiouth, no loundinga liare been obtained with 30U0 feet of line, and for the entire dittanca of 60 mllee, until you roaoh Ha-ha Bay, the largeet thlpe ean mII with* out obitruotbn flrom bankt or ahoale, and on reaohlng the extremity of the bay, can drop their anehor in 80 fathonu^ " Tha view up thU river te lingular In many reepeotai hour after h6ur, aa you lail along, precipioe after preclplee unfolds Itielf to view, ae In a moving |>anorama, and you lome- timei forget the eiie and height of the objects you are cunteniplating, until runilndvd by •eelng a ihlp of 1000 tone lying like a small pinnace under the towering cliff to which she la moored; for, even in these remote and desolate regions. Industry is at work, and, although you cannot much discern It, saw-mllU have been built on soro« of tha tributary streams which full Into tha Saguenay. But what strikes one mott, is the absence of beach or strand ; for except in a few places where mountain torrents, rushing through gloomy ravines, have washed down the detritus of the hills, and formed soma alluvial Und at the mouth, no coves, nor creeks, nor projecting rocks are seen In which a boat could find shelter, or any footing be obtained. The characteristic is a steep wall of rock, rlaing abruptly from tho water — a dark and desolate region, where all is cold and gloomy ; the mountains hidden with driving mist, the water black as ink, and cold as toe. No ducks nor sea-gulls sitting on the water, or screaming for their prey ; no hawks nor eagles soaring overhead, although there is abundance of what might be called ' Englo Cliffs;' no deer coming down to drink at the streams ; no ^ulrrels nor birds to be seen among the treca ; no fly on the water, nor swallow iklmmlng over the surface. ,It| reminds you of 'Thai Iske whoM gloomy ihore Sky-lark never wsrblsd o'er.' One living thing you may see, but It Is a cold-blooded animal ; yon may see the cold seal, apreading himself upon his clammy rock, watching for his prey. And this Is all you see for the first 20 miles, save the ancient settlement of Tadousao at the entrance, and the pretty cove of L'Ance a I'Eau, which is a fishing station. " Now you reach Cape Eternity, Cape Trinity, and many other overhanging oHffii, remarkable for having such clean fractures, seldom equallc(^ for boldness and effect, which creat ^ constant apprehensions of danger, even in a calm ; but if you happen to be caught in a thunder-storm, the roar, and darkness, and flashes of lightning are perfectly appalling. At last you terminate your voyage at Ha-ha Bay, that is, smiling or laughing bay in the Indian language, for you are perfectly charmed and relieved to arrive at a beautiful spot where you have sloping banks, a pebbly shore, boats and wherries, and vessels riding at anchor, birds and anlmols, a village, a church, French Canudians and Scottish Highlanders, and in short, there is nothing can remind one more of a scene in Argyleshire. " The day is now half spent; you have been ashore, looking through the village, examin- ing into the nature of what appears a very thriving settlement ; the inhabitants seem to be all French and Scotch, understanding each other's language, and living in perfect amity. You hear that Mr. Price, of Quebec, is the gentlemen to whom all this improvement is due. That it is he who has opened up the Saguenay country, having erected many saw-irills, each the nucleus of a village, and that a trade in sawed lumber is carried on to the extent of 100 ship loads in the season. The river is navigable for ships as far as Chicoutimi, about to miles from its moutK An extensive lumbering establishment is there, and the timber is collected in winter through all the neighbouring country, as far as Lake St. John, which is 60 miles further up, and is the grand source of the Saguenay. " After having seen and heard all this, you get on board, weigh anchor, pass again down the river, reviewing the solemn scene, probably meeting neither vessel, boat nor canoe, through all the dreary way, and arrive at the mouth of the river iu time to cross to River TBI FALLS or MOlfTMORKMOI. if in Loop, wli«r« you again (ln .\u*.\.^ k J » ' * ;■ ' w • i » . \ ■ t % •k 1 lUltlmix llrl-r Ac liiiir«ii, ■ ' 1 ('tni«urKe \ ■' \ *•;''.»'.« »?::•' ■ ■ , ^ ' n ri'' Oovvrnn lion, Jkt ' , ' '- 1 ' ir • • 1 -r ' ' -%:: '• ' • ' .: * i : . ^.' i Oflorg« y Hon. Jar N«w Yo «l <( If II • ■ If f« II II • ,11 II II U •■ ti , 11 II II WaihiDg ^s- CONTENTS OF PART III. M lUltlmor*, tity of, Ail Il4»ti>n, City iiT Sil llrl-r Ao<*<>unt of UnII«rniii<>nt of irnltoJ Ht«tM 'il lion. Jauim Uuotiftn«n %% llllnul*, Hut* of, lot Iowa, Hut* nf, lot M»rluel[»l 17 Mount Varnon AO N«w <>rlMB% City of, M rat«nt (MHm, WMhInKtun 11 rhlUhU, nty of. 81 inttnlmrir, (Hiy of, 71 I'ortlanil, ( Itv of, 91 Pr«ilnt« !iS WaihlnKton, Clly of 47 WliDWhiK, VIrKlnIa 70 WiMontin, Hut* of, 1<)4 IlltithraHoitt. rial r>«or((fl WntliinKton lA Hon. Jamci Huchonan 39 New York, View of City 90 " UroAil way 97 " Park and City Ilnli 98 " Unlvemlty 9tt " Hall* of Juitlce 80 " Cuatom Ilouaa 80 " Merchant*' Exchange .... 81 " Free Avadem y 89 " IMvate Itoililenra 88 " Tlio Cooper Inatltute 88 " Thelloipllal 34 " liA Fnrge llouae nfi " Trinity Church 80 " All Souls' Church 87 " High Uridge— Aqueduct. . 41 " Rank of the Uepuhlio .... 49 " I'helnn'a liilllard Koomt . . 49 Waihlngton— The Cnpltol 48 WaihlnKton— Tha Patent Offlee fil llaltlmore— Vie w of City «0 New Orleana— View of Canal Htreet ... 04 " Ilia French Calhedrul . 08 " Avenue In the Cemetery 07 Ohio River — Hunpentlon Uridge 09 Wheeling, Virginia 70 PIttalmrg— View of City 71 ClnolnnalU-Vlew of City 80 " Third Street 77 " Fourth Street 80 •' Mni«onlo Temple 78 " National Theatre 81 riovelond — View of Superior Street . . 86 Uuffali>— I^ioklng up Main Street 88 JVom the Creek 89 Detroit— View of City 03 Chicago— View of City 96 Milwaukee— View of City 97 Madlwn, View of »"» iu^ ft • i GEORGE WASHINGTON— FIRST AMERICAN PRESIDENT. "the father of nia country." George Washington was born at Bridge's Creek, Virginia, July 22d, 1732. At the oge of I'J, he was appointed one ofthe adjutant-generals of Virginia. In 1764, he joined the e.\- pedition of General Braddoek, who was killed, when the command devolved on Washing- ton, whose mosterly conduct of the retreat is celebrated in history. He was soon appoint- ed commander-in-chief of th" forces of Virginia, and in 1758 led the expedition to Fort Du Quesne, (Pittsburg,) which repelled the French from the western frontier. In 1774, he was sent to the Continental Congress, and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Ameri- can army, and served through the Revolution, refusing to receive any pay for his services, nnd only reimbursement of his expenses. In 1787, he was appointed a delegate to the national convention for forming the Constitution, and was chosen its president. In 178H, he was unanimously elected President of the United States for 4 years, and unanimously re-elected in 1798. He declined a third re-election, and issued his farewell address. After Mr. Adams's inauguration, he retired to Mount Vernon, near Washington City, D. C, where he died on the 14th of December, 1799, in the 68th year of his age. His virtues and patriotism have won for him the imperishable title throughout tlie world of " Tlie Father of his Country." n BKIEF ACCOUNT OF THE UNITED STATES. TiiK UiiUcd StatL'«, u coiifciU'racy uf 8<)vurt>i)jn Htutco, unJ the most intlDoutiul llepublic of tlio worhl, <)cciiplc>8 tliu iiililJIo portion of North Aiucrlon. This uoufuderution, conaiitt- lii{{ oriKiniilly of thirtveii Htutet*, l>ut now of tliirty-oni> Stutoit, th<> ft'tlorul dititrlct, ond mjv- oral ttTi'itiiHal appt'iidiigt's, \\v% butwccn tlio |)HrnlIt'I» of 24" uud 4U° nurtli latitude, and the iiicridlunM of 10° oust and 48" west from AVushington, or 67° and 1'26° from Orucnwich, ex- tending from tlio Atluntiu to the I'uviflc Uuvan, and from the British uolonies on the north, to the Ucpiil)liu of Mexico and the great Oulf on the south. The whole extent of this hoiindary is now detinitely settled by treaty. Tlie greatest width of this country, from east to west, is 21100 miles, and the greatest deptli, from north to south, 1780 miles. Its urea may be estimated at 3,260,000 square miles, inehiding California, Texas, etc,, recently nu(iuired. It 1ms a frontier of about 10,000 miles, of which 4400 is seu-coast, and 1600 lake- coast. Its s-hores are woshed by three seas, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, the Gulf of Mexico on tlie south, and the I'aoitic Oceon on the west. The principal bays and sounds on the Atlantic border are Passamacpioddy Bay, which lies between the State of Elaine and the Hritisii province of New lirunswick ; Massuoiiuaetts Bay, between Capo Ann and Cape Cod ; I/iul; Island Hound, between Long Island and the coast of Connecticut ; Delaware Bay, which sets up between Cape May and Cape Ilenlopen, separating the States of New Jersey and Delaware; Chesapeake Bay, which communicates with the ocean between Cape Charles and Cupc Henry, extending in a northern direction for 200 miles, through the StatcH of Virginia and Maryland ; Albemarle Sound and Pamlico Sound, on the coast of North Carolina, There are no large bays or sounds on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, On the Pacific coast, however, there are several excellent bays, but the principal and only one necessary to mention is the Bay of San Francisco, in the State of California. It is one of the finest bays in the world, and capable of containing the navies of all the European powers ot one time, , MOUNTAINS. Tlie territorj' of the United States is traversed by two principal chains of mountains, the Alleghanies on the east side, and the Uocky Mountains on the west. These divide the country into three distinct regions, the Atlantic slope, the valley of the Mississippi, and tlie declivity from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, The Alleghanies arc less a chain of mountains than a long plateau, crested with several chains of mountains or hills, separated from each otlier by wide and elevated valleys. East of the Hudson the mountains are chiefly granitic, with rounded summits, often cov- ered at tlu'ir tops with bog and turf, and distributed in irregular groups without any marked direction. Some peaks of the Green Mountains iu Vermont, and the White Moun- tains in New Hampshire, rise to the height of 5000 to 6400 feet above the seo. After pass- ing the Hudson, the structure of the mountains seems to change. In Pennsylvania and Virginia they assume the form of long parallel ridges, varying iu height from 2500 to 4000 feet, and occupying a breadth of 100 miles. In North Carolina the highest culmination is 6476 feet ; but in the northern part of Georgia and Alal)ama, where they terminate, they again lose the foiTO of continuous chains, and break into groups of isolated mountains, touching at their base, some of which attain a considerable elevation. Tlie Rocky Mountains are on a much grander scale than the Alleghanies, Tlieir base is 300 miles in breadth, and tlieir loftiest sunimits, covered witli everlasting snow, rise to the height of 10 to 14,000 feet. These vast chains may be considered as a continuation of the Cordilleras of Mexico. They are distant from the Pacific Ocean from 500 to 600 miles, but between them and the coast, several minor ranges intersect the country, of which the Mari- time Range is tlic most cons})icuou9. n ELEVATIONS AND RIVERS. SLXVATIONB MORE TIUN lOOO FKET ABOVE THE LEVEt Of TIIE ICA. Rooky Muiintaiiis 14,00(> Hierru Navuda 7,aO() 8auth Vmh 7,0Mft Santu ¥v (I,»oo Blount Wu§liiiigton (Whltu Muuntuiiis). . 0,2.')4 Mount Adnniii 6,7ft9 Mount JvtrerHon f>fi^7 Mount MiulLson n,4ir> Mount Monroo B,!)4l» Mount Frnnklin 4,HM Mount Lathy uttu Binoo Mount Murcv ( Adironducks) ft,4t)7 Mount Miirfntyro. " ft.lnS Mount McMiirtin.. " 6,000 Diul Mountuin..., '* 4,(IUU Fett. White Fnco . . .(Adirondocks) 4,Kr)S " ■ ■ 4,U00 4,()00 4,a7l» 4,1«8 Mount Svward Mount Lyon. . " North I'cuk (Orooii Blountuinit). Ciitners Iliinin " HhrowKbury Mountain South Peak " Killington Peak... " K((uinox Mountain. " AHcutni'V Mountuin " ... _, Pi-ttkd ot Otter ( Allcghanies) 4,!irtO Catukill Mountains 8,h()«) Uluo Hidgo I.-IOO Sources of tlie Miosiitsippi 1,4U() 4,086 8,1IS3 a,ii:i4 »,USJ4 s.sao lilVERS. Tlie principnl rivers of the United States may be divided !nto fonr clnssen. Firnt, the MixHissiiipi nnd its widi'-sprend brnncliesi, which drain the waters of tlie wliolu country in- cluded between the Alleghany nnd Rocky Mountains; secmul, the rivers east of the Alle- ghany Mountains, which, rising from their eastern declivity, water the Atlantic plain, and hence flow into the ocean; third, i^^o system of rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, which may be subdivided into tliotte flowing from the southern slope of the Alleglinnies, and those having their source in the north-western highlands of Texas; nnd,/o? MiMlMlppi. At the«e fallt the rivordenoi'Milii, 111 tlie dUtwnce of 18 mllcg, 362 feet. Th* prlnolpnl trihutnrle* of the MlMouri art; tlie Yellow Stout', which rUts In the Rooky Mountain*, and join* It after o north-eont- ly course of UOO nilhti; the Nebraska or Platte, which ri«cs also in thoiui mountain*, and, after an easterly cour«e of 800 iiiileH, joins the Mimtourl in latitude 41° north; and the Kiinsas, which joins it near latitude W north, after an ouiiterly course of more than (JOO miles. Probably no district In the United States will shortly be attracting the attention of settlers, if not already doing so, than portions of the vast region connected with the Mis- souri River and Valley. The opening of the great Pacific mall route last October, will tend very materially to the development of that porlitm of the country, which Is found to be suitalile for colonization. The route referred to now joins St. Louis (Missouri) with Han Francisco, (Californin,) or In other words, forming a continuous chain of rai)ld communien- tion from the shores of the Pacific Ocean to those of the Atlantic — the great barrier of the Rocky Mountains, and the dreary wastes of Its " bad lands," forming no longer any Impedi- ment to the determination of American enterprise. Tlie time occupied by the mail route referred to is 25 days. 4. The Arkanmis, which rises In the Rocky Mount4iln8, and pursuing o south-easterly course, forms, for some distance, the boundary between the Indian Territory and Texas ; niler which, Its course lies pi-incipally In the Btate of Arkansas, till It joins the Mississippi in 84° north latitude. Its length is more than 1300 miles. 5, Tlie Red River, which also rises in the Rocky Mountaino, below Hnnte F^, and, aft^'r a south-easterly course of more than lOiX) miles, falls Into the Mississippi, In latitude 31° north. The principal rivers east of the Alieglianies are : — 1. The Connecticut, which rises in the highlands separating the United States from Can- ada, and, running southerly, divides New Hampshire from Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, falls into Long Island Sound. It is navigable for sloops for 50 miles to Hartford, and, by means of canals and other improvements, has been rendered passable for boats 250 miles further. 2. The Hudson, which rises west of lake Chainplain, and pursuing a southerly course of more than 300 miles, fulls Into the Hay of New York, after receiving numerous atHuents. It is iiavigul)le for ships to Hudson, 130 miles, and for sloops and steamboats to Troy, 4(i miles farther. It Is connected with Lakes Clmmplaln, Erie, and Ontario, by means of cnniils from Allmny, and witli the Delaware by a canal fnmi Rondout. 3. Tiie Delaware, which rises In New Y'ork, and flowing southerly, separates Pennsyl- vania from New York and New Jersey, and falls into Delaware Bay, after a course of 300 miles. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia, and for sloops 85 miles farther, to the head of the tide at Trenton Falls. 4. Tlie Susquehanna, which also rises In New Y'ork, and, pursuing a southerly zig-zag course through Pennsylvania, falls into the head of Chesapeake Bay, near the north-east corner of Maryland. During the last 50 miles the navigation is obstructed by an almost continued series of rapids. 5. The Potomac, which rises In the Alleghnnies, and after forming, during its whole course, the boundary between Maryland and Virginia, falls into Chesapeake Bay. It Is uavig;il)le for siiips of the largest dimensions to Washington, the federal capital, about 200 miles from the ocean ; but in the upper part of its course there are numerous obstacles, many of wliicli, however, have been overcome by canals. *■). James River, which rises in the mountains, and falls into the southern part of Chesa- peake Hay. 7. The Savannah, which forms the dividing line between South Carolina and Georgia, and falls into the Atlantic in latitude 32° nortii. It is navigable for large vessels to Savau- iiah, 17 miles; and for boats to Augusta, 130 miles farther. Tlie principal rivers which rise south of the Alleghanies, and fall into the Gulf of Mexico, are: — 20 RIVERS IN AMKKICA. i h '1 1. The Appalachicola, which diicharget lUolf into Apalnuhee Day, in Florida. It it formed l>y the union of the (Jliattahooolio und Flint rivur*, the former of which rise* In the northern part of OcorKlu, and flowing Muth, receives the Flint at the southwt'At extrvniity of the Htate. During the latter |>art of itt courte, the Chattahoochu furnis tlie boundary between Georgia and Alabama. 2. The Mobile, which diiiehargog , itself into Mobile Ray. It is formed by two large rivers, the Alabama and Tombigbee, which unite near latitude 31° north, after having punuod each a separate course of many hundred miles. There is another system of rivers flowing into the Oulf from the highlands of northern Texas, consisting of the Sabine, Trinity, lirazos, etc., which need only be mentioned here, as the geography of Texas will bo minutely de- scribed elsewhere. The rivers flowing from the Rocky Mountains to the Faclflc, consist of: — 1. The I'olumbiu, which rises near latitude SA" north, and, running snuth-wcst, fulls into the ocean in latitude 40° 16', after a course of lOiK) miles. Its principal tributaries are Clari{'s River, Lewis' River, and the Multnomah or Willamette, all of which join it on its left bank. This river was discovered in 1702, and settlements wer^mnde in the neighbour- hood by Americans in 1810. The mouth of the river is obstructed by flats, but vessels of SOU tons can ascend to the distance of 125 miles, and large sloops farther. '2. The Hticrumento and Han Joaquin, emptying into tiie Bay of 8an Francisco. 3. The Buenaventura, rising in tlie coast ranga of the California Mountains, empties into Monterey Bay. 4. The Colorado, and River Olla (which separates Mexico from the United States), flow from the mountains near Santa F^, nnd would, if not received by the (iulf of California, empty into the Pacific ; they belong, however, to the same system of rivers. 6. Tlie St. Lawrence. Particulars regarding this river, wliicli forms the boundary be- tween the United States and Canada, will be found in anotlier portion of tliis work. OF TUE niVERS ABOVE 800 MILES, WE ANNEX A LIST. , * . St.Lawrence TfiO " [including Great Lokes] .... a.-SOO Tennessee 720 Susquehanna 6S0 Knnsos 000 Yellow Stone 000 Connecticut 8.'>0 Delaware 3,^0 Hudson 820 Potomac 310 James 310 Milet. Missouri 2,.')00 " [with Lower Mississippi] 4,350 Mississippi [Upper] I,y32 " [Lower] 1,210 Arkansas l.-WO Del Norte L.'inO Ohio [with Alleghony] l,^)!) Oregon or Columbia l,4oo Red River 1,000 Ottawa 800 Nebraska or Plotte 800 Des Moines 800 Showing a total of 20,288 miles in all, and only of the rivers above 300 miles long each. THE GREAT LAKES. With the exception of Michigan and Champlain, none of the great lakes of North Amer- ica lie wholly within the territory of the United States ; the others are on the northern boundary, where they form a connected chain, extending through a distance of more than 1200 miles. The first in the chain is Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water on the globe. Few persons are really aware of the magnitude of these great lakes; they are truly inland seas, and navigation is as dangerous, and subjected to all the vicissitudes which arc connected with the navigation of the Baltic, the Black Sea, or the Mediterranean. Lake Champlain, lying between Vermont and New York, is 128 miles long, and from 1 to 10 miles wide, and discharges its waters through the Sorel into tlie St Lawrence. It is computed that the lakes contain above 14,000 cubic miles of water — a quantity more than five-sevenths of all the fresh water on the earth. The extent of country drained by tlie lakes, from the north-western angle of Superior to the St. Lawrence, including also the area of the lakes themselves, is estimated at 335,616 square miles. LAKES— GOVERNMENT OF UNITED STATES. •I The following ii n tnbiilnr itatetnont of the pxtent of these frc-ih- water leat, with the mean d«i>th of thvlr WBtura, on<1eral democratic Republic. It is based on tho Cunstitutlon of 1787, and amendments thereto. The electors of tho most numerous brunch of tho several State LoglslatorA are qualified electors in the States respectively for all elective officers of the general guvcrnmcnt. All legislative powers are vested in Congress, which consists of a Senutu and House of Representatives. The " House of Representatives" (occupying the position of " Houso of Commons" of Britain) is composed of members chosen, every second year, by the people of the seveial States, and in number in accordance with tho population of each, and in order to ascertain the number each State is entitled to, a census is taken every ten years, excluding from the enumeration for this object two-thirds of tho slaves, and all Indians not taxed. Kneh State is entitled to at least one representative. Vacancies are filled by intermediate elections, Tho House chooses its speaker and other oflioers. No person under 25 years of age, who has been less than seven years a citizen of the United States, and who is not a resident of tho State electing him, is qualified for representative. The Constitution provided for a specific number of representatives from each State to compose the House until the ascertainment of the population under the census of 17t)0 ; but since then legislation has decennially fixed the number to be elected. From the 3d of March, 179.S, the apportionment was one representative to every 33,000 of the representa- tive p^ipulatlon ; after 1803, one to every 33,000 also; after 1813, one to every 35,000 j after 1823, one to every 40,000; ofter 1833, one to every 47,000; ofter 1843, one to every 70,680; and after 3d of March, 1853, 233 representatives to bo div'idei pro rata to the sev- eral States. In addition to these representatives from States, the House admits a delegate from each organized territory, who has the right to debate on subjects in which his territory Is inter- estcd, but cannot vote. California has ttoo members by a special act The " Senate" (or Upper House) consists of two members from each State, elected by the Legislatures thereof respectively for six yeors. One-third the whole body is renewed bien- nially, and if vocancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legis- lature of any State, the executive of such State makes a tempomry appointment until the next meeting of tho Legislature, which fills such vacancy. Senators must be at least thirty years old, must have been citizens of the United States for nine years, and be residents of the Stote by which chosen. Eucli senotor has one vote. The Vice-President of the United States is ex officio President of the Senate, but a president pro tempore is elected by and from among the senators, who, in the absence of the president, acts in his stead. The Constitutional government went into operation on the 4th of March, 1780, but a quorum of the first Congress, which met at the city of New York, was not formed until the 6th of April, nor was the first President of the United States inaugurated before the 30th of April. Besides its ordinary legislative capacity, the Senate is vested with certain judicial func- tions, and its members constitute a High Court of Impeachment No person can be con- victed by this court unless on the finding of a majority of senators, nor does judgment ez- I 111 * 1 ,-t li 22 l»KKtill)KNT8 OF TUB UNITKU STATKS. .* }. titiul fiirtliur tlmii to rumovnl from utflc« niiJ tHtKiunlltioAtloii, ItvpruMiilatlve* lmv« tlio •oh' power of iriipi>nolimi>rit, Tlio Kxi'cuflvti I'owcr In vottcd In n PrculiK'nt, wlio U I'lcoti'd liy an Klcotnrul C'ollo««>, olioHcn l>y popiilur vote, or l»y tlio l,i'|{li«littiirn of tliu Htatc, tliu nunilicr of I'luotorn liflnn t'lpial to tilt! nuriil>t>r of HiMiHlorx nml ri'prcRfnlntlvci from tlitiHuitc* to i 'oti)(ri'M. llii« ttTiii of otHco irt four yi'iirx, lint liu U i>li||(lbU! for ri'-eleution Indi'flnltvly, Tliu vii'otori) foriiihi);; till' <'olit'i;i>, nro tliomix'lvt'K chuitun In tlut niiinnttr preiM!rll)t'il liy tliu lawn of tlio ki-vci'iiI Sfati'K. A niajorlfy of the a^^grcf^ati) nuniliiM' of votes given, U neue»iy the lloiwe of Uepreitentwer to ninko treaties, appoint civil and military ofticers, levy war, conoludo peace, and do all that rightly belongs to the Executive Power. He has a veto on all laws pnitsod by Congress, but so cpialitlod, that notwithstanding his disapproval, any bill becomes a law on its being afterward approved of by two-thirds of both Houses of Congress,, The Presi- dent has a salary of $26,000 pur annum, and "the White House" at Washington for n resi- dence, during his otticial term. The Vice-President Is ex officio President of the Senate; ond In case of the death, resignation, or other disability of the President, the powers and duties of that office devolve upon him for the remainder of the term for wliich the Prtntl- dent had been elected. In case of the disability of the Vice-President, the I'resident of the Senate pro tempore takes his j)laee. The present President is the Hon. James Duehanan. ; Annexed is a list of Presidents from the adoption of the Constitution In 1780, to the pres- ent " reign" of the Hon. James Buchanan, now President of the United States : — PKESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. Xamen, I Whm Xoni. Iiiiiugiirattil. OrnHnniinee In ojfli'e. Dteit, yattfe oj Oeorjje Wiisliiiifrton. Fel). a'J, 17:i:i. . John Ailiiiiis Oct. li», IT;!"). . Tlioinas Jetlersoii. . . April a, 174:i.. James Miidisoii March 111, 17'il. James Monrou April i, \1Wd. . Jolin Qiiiiicy Adams. July 11, 17(i7.. Andrew Jackson.... March 15, 1707 Martin Van Huren .. Decern. 5,1782 William II. Harrison Feb. 0, 1773. . . John Tyler March 20, 17'J0 James K. Polk Nov. 2, 1795. . . Zachary Taylor Nov. 24, 17U0. . i Millard Fillmore. . . .May 7, 1*)0. . . Frniiklin Pierce Nov. 23, IRn-t. . James Buchanan | April 23, 17U2. Ajiril 3, 17«li. .March 4, 17'.i7. " 4, isol. " 4, IHOII. " 4, 1H17. " 4, l»2r.. " 4, 1829. " 4, 1887. " 4, 1841. ( Succeeded < to the office j of President March 4, 1845. " 4, 1849, 1 Succeeded ■( to the office I of President March 4, 1853, " 4, 1857, . 8 years . . . 4' " .. .8 " .. .8 " .. .8 " .. .4 " .. .8 " .. :a " . . .1 month. , Dec. 14, 17911. , Jnlv 4, Ixijii.. , Julv 4, ls27.. . Jmic 28, ISSti. .July 4, 1831.. .Feb. 23, 1848., .June 8, 1845.. .1 April 4,1841.. Virginia. Ma.ss. Virginia. Mas.s. S. Carolina. New York. 'Virginia. ,3 years and ) 11 months f 4 years ,1 yr.4 mos. 2 years and ) ! 8 months. \ I 4 years i ,At present. .| June 15,1849. July 9, 18.50.. N. Carolina. Virginia. • jNew York. New Hamp. .iPenn. Tlie administrative business of the nation is conducted by several officers, with the title of secretaries, etc., who form what is termed the " Cabinet." These are the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Postmaster-General, the Secretary of the Interior, and the Attorney-General — the last being THE HON. JAMES BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT or THE UNITED «"<•"«. Ha VINO given n portrait of tlic greatest amungst tlio departed of America's public men, v,-c subjoin wliat is considered to be nn excellent lilcencss of tlie greatest man in political standing ut the present time, ■we mean the Hon. James Uuehannn, who now fills the presi- dential chair of the United States, and who previously held the position of ambassador to Great Britain, during the General Pierce administration, up to 1856. Mr. Buchanan is al)out 60 years of age, and, although his head is of snowy whiteness, he seems to bear his age remarkably well. He has never been married. His vital tempera- ment is predominant, and all the elements of health and longevity ore very apparent. lie is not a man of intensity and enthusiasm, like Jackson and C>lay, but is cool, self-possesaed, careful, non-committal and prudent, like Van Buren ; more disposed to go with circum- stances than to step forth and control and mould them on the basis of his own will. He was born in the county of Franklin, Pennsylvania, of oomparatively humble, but honest and industrious parents. Although ho obtained a classical and academical educa- tion, he may be called tlie architect of his own fortune. He studied for the profession of the law in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, which has ever remained as his home, and where he rose to a high jioaition in the legal jirofcssion. lie remained ns a member of Congress for 10 years, from 1820 to 1831 ; afterwards he filled, witli great ability, the post of ambassador at the Court of Russia, and wos instru- mentid in securing for his country the commerce of the Russian ports in the Baltic ond Black Seas. After his return from Russia he was elected to the Senate, to which he was twice r'j-elected, and, in 1845, filled the first scat, as Secretary of State, in the Cabinet of the Polk administration. After returning from lieing amliassador ot Great Bi4t«4B,-|Mirtiii»iit of Statu" WM ertfiit«<1 by tn Aot uf Congr«u of the lOth of H«pt«inb«r, 17HU; Ity a pruvluu* Aut of tlit* 'i7th of July, 17HU, It wan ilonotiilnatuti tli« I>f|)artiii«-iit of Korii|)(ii Alfulr*. It uiiihrnccil, until thu «iluli|liiliin<>iit of thu I)t<|mrttii«'iit of tliu Intarlor In IHIU, what In lonit) <>tlu>r gov«rnin«nt« nru itylvd tlm l))>|>artuivnt of Kort'lKn Atfuln and llnint> Dt'pnrtnient ; but tint tlutlvi now b<>tn({ illvldvd, It uontlne* It* i)|ioratloni< alinoat uu- tiri'ly to foreign inntti'n, and liunou It* original tltU inlglit, with (iroitrluty and oouvvnlunot), be rvitot'ud. Tiie Seerelary of Slate cunducti all treatlei uetw««n tha United Statn* and fonlgn |i<)w< eri), nnd ('orrfi«|)onditotHelnlly with the public mlnUteraof the govvrnniunt at foreign court*, and with mliiUttri of foreign |)u\vori, reiident In the United Htate*. lie I* IntruMted with thu publication of ull treatiua with foreign powem, pro«erve« thu orlglnaUof nil treiitie* nnd of thu publlu correspondence growing out of international inturcouriu ; gruntu |«M|>ort* to Aniuriunn citLzunit vUltlng foreign Htatcs, etc. He Imi charge of tho Urout Heal of thu United MtJitcii, but cannot alllx It to any coinniUKlon until itigned by thu I'roildent, nor to nny Inatruniunt without authority of the I'renidunt. Hulury of Secretary of Statu, 90,*)4)U per annum (£1'^()() itg.) This dupnrtnient hai itubject to It the Diplomatic Bureau, and tho ConRular liurenu. The United Stati'n arc represented by MinUtur* I'leni|iotuntiary at tho Court* of (Ireat Urltuln, Frunce, KuKMln, I'ruiiDin, Spain, Mexico, Centriil America, Urazll, and Chill ; by CommUAlon- ersut tiie Court of I'ekin (China), and at the Sandwich Island*; by a Minister Resident at thu Sublime I'orte, and to the Swiss Confederation, and at other courts by Charg<)s dus Af- faires; nnd United States' Consul* are stationed at all thu important commercial ports in the world. Foreign Ministers accredited to tho Oovurnment of the United States, are Kii- voys Kxtrnordinnry and Ministers I'lenipotcntinry from Great Dritain, Russia, the Argen- tine Ue|)ublic, France, Spain, Chili, New Urenndn, lirnzil, Mexico, and Peru; Ministers Resident from I'ortugnl, Prussia, and Uelgium ; and Charges des AtTuircs from Dunmurk, AuHtrin, Holland, Sweden, Naples, Sardinia, Venezuela, nnd Nicariigun. Foreign Consuls from all commercial nations rexido in tho several collection districts of the Union. Tlio " Department of the Interior" was established by on Act of Congress of the 80th of Mureh, 1840. Tho Secrelari/ of the Interior is Intrusted with tho supervision ond ninimgeinont of nil matters connected with tho public domain, Indian affairs, pen- sions, pntonts, publlu buildings, the census, tho penitentiary of tho District of Columbia, tho expenditures of the Federal .ludiclary, etc. F.aeh of those Interests la mtinagud in u separata bureau or office, thu Immediate hend of which is styled Commis.sioner, Supovln- tendeiit, or Warden, as tlio case may bo. Solary of Secretary of Interior, $0000 per annum (£1200 *tg.) Tho " Department of the Treasury" wa* created by an Act of Congress of tho 2d of Sep- tember, 1789. The Secretary of the Trfa»wy superintends all the fiscal concerns of tho gov- ernment, and upon his own rc8|^>nsibility recommend* to Congress measures for improving the condition of tlie revenue. All publiv) occount* ore finally settled at this de]Mrtmont; and, for this purpose, it Is divided Into the office of tho Secretary, who has tho general superintendance, the offices of the two Controllers, the offices of the six Auditors, the office of the Conmiissloner of Customs, the Treasurer's office, the Registrar'* office, the Soli- citor's office, and tho office of the Const Survey. Assistant Treasurers' office* are also es- tablished at Hoaton, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston, New Orleans, and St. Louis. Sal- ary of Secretary of the Treasury, $6000 per annum (£1200 stg.) The " Department of War" was created by an Act of Congress of the 7tli of August, 1780, and, at first, embraced not only military, but also naval affairs. The Secretary of Wat superintends every branch of military affairs, and has under his immediate direction the Adjutant-General's office, the Quartermaster-General's Bureau, the Paymaster's Bureau, the Subsistence Bureau, the Medical Bureau, the Engineer Bureau, the Topographical Bureau, the Ordnance Bureau, etc., and the departmeut has the superintendence of the erection of 24 r.VITKI) tJTATKM (JoVKIiNMKVT l»KI'AUTMK.VTH. I I I I fortification*, of tnnkiiiit piiMlo ■iirvoyi, iirtil othi-r tni|iort«nt Mprt'tary of War, frtiHNi |>«T niiiiiitn ( £1'Jin) •()(,) Th« " lN'|(«rtiiU'ii» of ihii Nnvy" wiiii ori'nh"! I»y i»n Ant of ( 'oni{r«'«« of tin- llotli of Afirll, I7t»H. Tint .Vl■l•r•#^ll•,v nfih* Xni'ii \tt\w* nil ordrM to tlii' imvnl forof", nml aii|M'rliilriiiU na- val atfnlm \(n\vrik\\y. Attadii'ij to llui |)i>|>Artiii«iit arc — a lliirrau of Ihirk* ami Navy YitnU, a lliircaii of Orilnancx nml llyliy,a lliiri'nii of CoiittriU'llon, Ki|iil|)iiii'iit,aiitl Iti'pnir*, a lliircaii of IVovUlon* mid rioililtiK, a lliiri'nii of Mi'illciil ami !^iiri(li'iil liiKtru- irit'iitu, «tp, i ami tliu Natlonnl Olmorvatory n\ WaiililiiKton U iiiuIit tlii> control of ihr Navy l>>'|Mirtrniri' formerly cxi'i'i'lui'il liy a llonni of Navy ('oniinluloncrt. (Salary of Hcvrt'tnry of ihu Navy, f tliMHi |ii>r annum (£|-i(Hllltt(.) Tliu " l)i'|mrtm(>nt of tlio I'lmt OtHiMi" wai p«la)>IUh<>il iindfr th« authority of I lui Old Con- KTi'M, Tlit< l'oitmn»lfr-(hntr»l ha« the rhli'f dln'Ptlon of all (loatnl arrani(<>iiiictlv<'ly over tho Conlriict, nitli'i', thu A|i- polntni«nt otHci-, and tl.o Inapfotlon, uto., utllot'it, Halary of I'otitmaatorUi'iivral, f tliHio per annum (£l'iiMi*tK.) Thtt " Attornpyi-Ocnfral," who ant ponalditri'il a* forniln(( a part of the Calilnct, and who are thtt oonHtitutlonal ailvlafrii iiml di'ri'ndanli* of tho (fovcrniiinnt, nro ^nnornlly tn Kroatiat acquirement! In their profuaalon. I^\liirici of Atturnoyi Uenernl, ( t*N)o per nnniiin (£h()0 ttK.) The judicial |>rtwert of tho United fitato* arc vcitod In a Supreme Tourf, and In auch oth«r inferior courti* aH ('on«rc«(t may, from timo to limn, c»tiil>IUh. Tho prcitrnt Juillcial «*tab- Unhmcnt conitiat* of a Supreme t'ourt, ('Ircult t'ourta, and IHatrlct Courts. Tho "Hupreme Court," the hi^hcat Judicial triliuniii of the Union, la comjioaed of a ("hiuf- •luMtlce anil nl^ht Aaaociato Juaticca, tho AtlorneyOeneral, a lte|)ortcr, and Clerk. TliU court la held in VViiahlnKton, and liaa ono aea-itm annually, conmiencln).^ on the tirat Monilny In I>ecembcr. Halary of Chief .luatice of tlm Hupremu Court, f B,(i(M» per nn.'um (£l,oo(i The appointment of all Judaea of the United State* la made by the President, by inid with tho ntlvico of tho S<>nate ; and the |ud)^ca hold their aeverni ofllcea durim; ((ood bt havlour, and can bo removed only on impeachment. Their compeniatlon la ftxed by law, and can- not be diminlahed durinj^ their perioil of ofl'ice. Tho fore){oing account of the United Htatca, for tho moat part, la from " Colton'n (JaztlUtr of America." I ii NEW YORK. In our (UMriptInn of th« grvnt rlly of tha WMtiirn wiirlil, wi' kIiiiII »\iiM, ii» fur »» tioiiai' btu, nil xlnllatlriil iiiiillcr, rr|{iirt to lh« |iri>ai vJKW* iitvi'ii of Ita mttgnlUacut ilrml* tnd btilldlngt, wt hop* tu o 3 "^ S H ■ n i M P ^ • •« P a*. s; n O ronvcy to our rcailcra at a distnnco, an idea of iti> importance n» llic most po|iiilouit city on the whole continent of Aineriou. Ah may bo known by many, New York wus discovered "in IBoy, by an Enitlishman named Henry Iludaon, at that time in the service of the Dutch— und in 1618, the oeltlement of the iHhind wus commenced, under the title of New Anuttcrduui. In lU:il, a ! 2rt CITY (>r NklW YOHK— MHJAtJriKiV— III NINIMS ^'^' IhxU'U W»*i IihIih I'liiiitMnx ntrnmanrwl »\mtt tloiia MIHiri l>, «tii| III I't'jK, |iiirrhi»*i'i| III* whiiU Ulwinl Iriiin lliu liiihiiM* (•>)« MunlmlliiMai fur Ihti |ii4llr> •!» I V;'>, I i'l alii I tliK «t|ii>iU ■iiiiiu llul tfiir iiiiiiitiiilliiK lit tl'oii h Will Ihu* >iil>l III! IM'lt, wlixti II WM lNk«n liy lli« Kiiglldi. ( liitrl«« III* '.'il, ilivn kiliii, i'liaiig*i| III iiitiiii' III lliitl iif Nuw Viirik, III liiiiiiiiir III Jmiii'i lliK ill, Mrliii ||i*n iMir* Ih* llilc i>( Hull* III \ iirk mill Alliuny In iH-it, Jiiiii*«lliii'Ji|, lliuii kliiK, iiIxiIhImiI III" ri'|iri'**iilMlli* avalt'in, nml, •a iiniirillii|( uiik hI iIi» iiiiiiivriiii* iirimh nf liia kliiifly lilKiilry, limli II lulu liU limul !•• |ilii IllbU III* iiM III lliii |irliilliii| |ii't«a. It wii« ri'luki'ii liiiiii lliii l,ii||l|>ti by llii> lliilili In |iirii, ri'litkiin iiwiIm In I'li t liv lliu Kii||lli>li. uiiii livlil Uy lliniii ml III* Itt'viiliilliiiiMry |n>rl>Ml III Ki'ii U~'i, wlii'ii II wii* llniillv I't luiiiili'il liy Ihii llrilUti liriiiy, lima vmlhiK )lrlll
  • \'i |m, miiiiIIht wur lii'iiki' lint ImiIwiu'ii llriiitl III lliiln miil Anu'r li'ii, lull hill li'iiilinu III Svw Viirk i'lmii|(lii|| liaiiila lino* iiiiir*. \iilwlth«tanillii|r, tlii'i'i>liir*, Hura, tin VI a, Itri'*, uri'itt i'iiiiiiiuti'IiiI illaualuia, alinliTM, I'll-., I'll'., Ink I'Uy liiia iiun* on |iriiKri'*- aiti'l\, liiini II |iii|iiiliilliin III U't.ilU In ITii), tu u|iwiiriU III' i|iio,iMiii III In.Mi, .Ni'» Viiik la aitiiiili'il ii|iiiii what la (mIIimI Munlmliiin lalunil -u aliip of UimI IM^ iiiIIi'* liiiiif, li) iiiiK nillo mill llirwii IIMlia iivi mill'*, iir I l.oiMi aci'i'a. Il riaua uniilnully niiuvi' lliu li'\i'l III llli< HUt(>r unuilitl lliii alili'a, wlillat lilt) Kii'iiliT |iiirt III' II la li>M'l. or lifi'ii ri'inli'i-i'il «o, Il la wry c'iiin|iiii'll,v liiilll ii|iiiii t'nr itliunt ii inili'H, ill atrulKliI HiK'a IVniii llii< |iuliit At lliu liiitti'ry villi of II. Till' Kiri'ttta, lor tlii> moat imi'l, iiri< liiiil lint in •foiivvnitiit uinl viially 1111- ilvraiiiiiil |ilun. Till) atrvcia vmnniviioinu iit iluiialiiii ati'vvl, liinv mill' Iruiii lliu City lliill, 1 ui'i* t'liiaai'il into It rr((iilur "iiwiinva," ua llivy «iu I'ulli'il, wliiuli uru vriiaRi'il ul riitlil miitlva liy l.'ii) ati'vvla, nniiivrivnllv ilvaiKiiati'il. Hoinv iii' tliv Htii'via uru cruiikvi) unit iiiirruw, bnl kviiv- rally H|K'ukiiiK, tlivy uiv wiilu uinl a|iuviiina - run){lii|]; rruiii tin In liiii Ivvt wiilu. Tliv Kivuluat I'uillt 11 aliiinu<>r la likuly lu liml with tliv alivvla ia lliv liltliy alutu tliu imiat iil' tliviii uru In ua ir tlivi'v wvru iH'itliur *cuvuii((vra iiur (luviuiira in tlii-i'ilv. Ni'iv Viirk ia liiiiiiiilvil on tliv north hy Ihu Iluik'iii Kivvr - which aviiutiilva Muiihutluii la- lunil ri'iini the niuin luiiil ; on tliv viiat bv tliv KiiHt Kivvr, which avpiirutva it rrum liUiiK lafuiiil ; iin lliv aonth by tliv liurhour, uiiil on lliv wvat by lliv North, ur llmlaon liiwr, which kv|iu- liitvi It I'riiiii New Jvravv. Tliu wiilthot'thu Kiiat llivvr la from oiic-thiril to hull' u mile, uiiil thut ul' thv North Kivvr I'rum 1 to 1^ iiiilva. Nuvi){ution ia open throuithout ull the ycur. Tlivrc villi bv III) itonht bnt thut thu hurhoiir of Nvw- Viirk ia one of the moat bviiiitil'nl in thv worlil prvaentiiift oiiu of the IIiivnI apvcluclca on u tliiv cliiy— Willi ila pivra crowilvil with ahipa of ull iiutiiina— thu niiiiibvra of cUMiii-lookiiiK Htvunivra puaainK up uiiil ilnwii, uiid the iMuiity of thv avviivry on the oppuaitv ahorva, tnd on every aiilv. Tlie ilvfvncva aru pliicuil ut thv Nurrowa— on Lung lalunii xiile, unil uti Stutvn laluiid - und in the Euat Kivvr ut Thron'a Xv-k ; wliilat wllliln thv harbour are buttvriva on livilloe'a uiiil Kllia iHtunila, (lovvrnor'a lalunil.Ci.atlv NVilliuni, und South Hiittvry — ciimiiiundin^ vvvry point of vti- truuce. We iimy aafely miy, thut'ut'uily every braiH'h of inaiinra<'iiir** la i-nrrlml on In M*w \iirk, I'trvplliiii In ill* grvNl llxilia iif I'lillnH and Miiiil wliilai Ila I'lininivrv* Ktii'iid* lu i-v- vry I'liruvr ul Hi* ,\iiivrii'aii rmiiiiii'iil, m hiII a* all iiwr lliv wiirld, winn'i ilin imlurjl IiriHliM'la iif III* varlli, or n iiiiiiivruiia. W'v aiinvk 11 llal rlavwlivrv, lii||vllii'r Willi *ii||riiMiiga uf a Ii'H uf III* priiii'iiial iiiiva, luuvllu'r hiiIi » llal ul aiivh plana III liili'iiai iiiiil iiiHiiai'iiiviil a* thu alruil- gvr will llv plvaavil III tlalllli^ Thv alrrvl* wlicr* lliv pi-lmiv rvaldrnvoa ar«, ar* »l*gaiit In lliv vtlrviuv \>v t^lmh' iiiur^ parlli'iiTurly III amh ua till and .'.Ih .Vuiiiiva, and I'niiin and Muillaun Hiiiiinva, wliviv ilia lliiial ainlvly niaiialulia will liv luiiiid, tllilalivtl iilf In Ural ral» al«lv, nmally Imlll uf a bruwii- viiliiiiriHl aliiii*. fii aiimiiii'r, with lliv ruwa uf trvva aluiiK vavh aid* of Ih* alrwla, llivir lin# Hiipvaraiivtf will at iineu atiraut tha a>liiilraiii*a III Ihu alniiiuvr Th* prliiiipal alrrvl for baiikvra, lnaiiran«« olllvva, vto., la Wall alrvvt thv (.uiiiliard atrv«| of Anivrlva. K'lir wliulvaulv dry Kuuda alnrva I'viirl, Wll> liani, llruad, I'liiv, Cvdar, l.llivrty atrvuta, i'oU Ivuv I'lui'v, and Vvavy alrvvl. rur whiilvaiilv Krot'vra, and vunimlaaion and ahliipintc nivmiaiila Walvr and h'tont alrvvta, Fur hvuvv dry Koodaund uirlvty atorva, (Iraiiil and ('iilliiiriiiv alrvvta. Fur hardwarv Hvvktnan, I'latt, John and t'vail alluvia. For huokavllvra und piihliahvra, blndvrlua, viv. Nnaaati and William Sirvvla. For Jvwvllvra Malilvn lanv, C'ourtland atrv«t| and llruudway. For hoot and ahon niutvrhila. Furry, Jacobt and tiolil atrvvla. Whilat liruadwuy, llkv t'hvupaidv in l.uiidoii, conlaina an nmniimt fjiilhniim uf ull auria — fruiii thv avIlliiK of a cup of eiitlvti in a rvatanrani, tu • ahip load of " Yankeu noliuiia," Thv wharvva vxlviidiiiK all lutitid Nvw York nvarly - thu vuaavla plavvd with thvlr Imiwi ull poinlinx towurda thu cily, and an ailnatvH vvi'v fonvvnivntly for luadinK and iiiiluiidiiiK, uiiil whvii rviidy lor avn, haw unly to drup lnti> thv all vain nnd'arucarnudduwn und out lo ava, lliv iiiuKiiillcunt rivur anil bay aHurdinK nu iit>- atnicliona in thv ahape uf hura, vto. Thu alranifvr, huwvvvr, who baa hvi'ii accua- tonivd III luiiK at thu ahiiiiiiiiK in thv aliipviiilou* iliii'ka of l.iiiidiin und Livvrpool, will ut ihack iliavovvr the poor ucciimniodiitiun Nvw Y'lrk ull'iiriU in coinpuriaon with thv fiicililiva atliii'xlvil fill thv hurbourin)( or ilockutfu of vvaavU in (trcut llrlliiin. Niitwitlialundin){ thia, liii\v< ivr, the imnivnau ahipiiiiiK hiiaiiivaa of thv purl of New York invarriedon aumvhiiw— thv inni'imiiy of the Anivricuna HndinK wiiya und nivun* to clvur thvir vvaavia with priiniplilndv und viiav. lirimdwuy ia thv ((rvat iiiuin urlvry of the city, tlii'oii|(h which pvoplv, oninibii»i"<, w»({- ona, und carriii({va, ru»li in unv iiu'vasunt atrvuni, aiirninn biickwaril and forwurd, from the varlivHt hour in thv morning, to thv luteal lioiir ut iii){ht. A walk uloiiK Hroudway will diaoliHu pictures of aiicivty— nivn and thiliga, in ull coiicvivubli) vuriiitioiia niiil dvjjrvva. Tlivrv. tlir -.luuvhinx " lonfvr" will bv awn, cloav lu the " llroailway awvll"- thu auccuaaful miner, iuat iirrivvd from the Culiforniun dinKinjfs, aloiiKKide of the wviilthivHl und mosilliiindaomely divsaed lildy iu New Vurk, whu ia uul fur liur walk ou that NBW TOHK— imOAliWAV A^f|^ t'lTY lUU. 17 gf»«l "ViinKv Mr" lh» n»i»lv »rii((v«| •mt lirtNl fl'iiHi l)r«itl llrlUIn, •• >>«' '>< i|«|«Ihi| •liiiig al wiml liu Mv«, wIiIIkh |i< u KiiniMl •rmiMllml Willi tli« liti*il* utiil witiriMliin iiriiiin4 liiait It U ••illrflf illlfMrxiii r^iHii «n» diih nf itta l|r««l ili)iriiM||lifiir«* iif LuimWh, wlilUi II ;.:.» HUOADWAV, NKW VOIIK. Itiniii thi> ffuliireii of nil — tho Ixiittle ami tliroiia ipf rii4Mi|p»iilc, ill Itx iii('t'i«i«iiiil Btrniin iif niiinr liiiiicN mill vi'lili'li'H of all HLM't* III' lti'i;i'nt kIicpi, willi \t* latliiiiimlilo pniiiii'iiiHli' iiUill«iii hill of mirii'ly of Oxfiinl Htruet anil ilnlliiirii, »itli iiiiiliiri'i'lii"* !»liiri'«, an wi'll im t'lc^aiit wariw Ikiuvk, iiicliiiliiiu tli<> o.xi'liiNJvi'ly wliiilonalo Rtiiri'K of a SI. raiil'N oliiiri'li yiii'il, a* well. "Till- (illiiT tliii'f artery iif ilic i-lly in lliat of llii' Hnwcry -iiartakiiitf vi'ry imii'li of llollxirii, wllli a iiiUliiroof llio Wlilli'clia|K'l of l.iitiiloii — wtu'i'i' a liir^o aini>\iiit of roluil IntiiliK'HM in truiiHacti'il. "ThkCitvIIam. or Nrw Yhbk from iMci'ntrnI IHmilloii, ami claKsic iiiurl)li> IVonlii^o li* oiio of tlio lli)v«t und iuu»t prumiutiut butldiiign in thu clly. The f^onl ami Uvo i-mln nrr of wliili* iiviirlili', and llii> liiick, whirli ii« iit'vi'r nliom- mioii liy ilit< Hiiii, of hroHM nnmUloni'. Tin* I'ltv Hull riiiitiiiiit II uiillrry of liiHioi'ical iirl, invaliialilc lo tlir lover of Kiilcki'rlHicki'r tiiiicK. In till' (•ovfriiiir'K IJooin, I'lijoycd liy Ilii- piihlii; only oil rt'('4'|itii aldcrmiMi and comnion conni'il, tlioiv wiih in formvr tiin«ii a iiublu baii(|uetiug bull furtliu city inugnuU'*." S8 THE PAHK AND CITY HALL, NKW YOUK. i TUE PARK AND CITY HALL, NEW YORK. Adjnccnt to tho City Hull is tho old Dcbtor'8 Prison, now the Hull of Hvcordti, the old Alms House, entirely appropriated to governmental u.te. In tho Park are held public meetings, and in front of the City Hull are planted cannon, which are tired by the respcctivu political parties, on the uchicvcniont of ony party victory, us well «a on other general public rejoicings. The Park forms a grert resort for the citizens, and in tho hot months of summer, forms, by its trees, a delightful shady retreat. Lu«t yeur, the City Hull took tire, and a large fortion of the upper part of it was destroyed, t is now being re-built, however. TnE New York U-viversitv, situated between Washington Place and Wuverly 'luce, fronts Washington Square towards the west, forming a noble ornament to .'le city, being built of Westchester marble, and exhibits a specimen of the English collegiate style of architecture. The budding is 180 feet long, and 100 wide. It was founded in 1831. " In front, this oblong is divided into five parts — a central building, with wings flanked by towers, one rising on each of the four corners of the cditice. Tnis central building or chapel is superior to the rest in breadth, height, and character, and is somewhat similar to that of King's College, Cambridge, England — a master- piece of pointed architecture, and a model for succeeding ages. It is r>.'i feet bread, and 85 feet deep, mcTuding the octangular turrets, one of which rises at each of tho four corners. Tlio two ends are gabled, and ure, us well ns tho sides, crowned with an embattled parapet. Tho chapel receives its principal light from a win- dow in the western end. This window is 24 feet wide, and .iO high. From the central building, or cha,iel, wings project right and left, the windows of whicli have scjuare heads, with two lights, a plain transom, and the upper division trefoiled. The principal entrance is under the great western window. The doors are of oak, richly punelled, and filled with tracery of open work, closely studded with bronze. " The institution has a choncellor and eleven professors. It has in its colleciftto department l.'iO students, and a valuable library and philo- sophical apparatus. Connected with it is an extensive grammar school, ond a flourishing medical department. The whole number of I students is about 700. Commencement, third Monday in July. (See next page for engraving.) NEW YOHK UNIVKUHITY. 29 a»»^^)i»'?^tr.,;- iVvAVK.'t.'^. UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK. "The chapel is probably the most beautiful room of the kind in Amerfca. It is open to the public, on Sundays, for ruliuious worship. The Library and rooms of the >uw York Historical Society arc in the buildint;. The buildiug is accessible to the visitor at all times." "TuK Tombs occupy the space between Centre, Elm, Leonard and Franklin streets, the site of an old flithy pond, which had its outlet through Canal street. The Halls of Justice is a much-adniircd specimen of modern- ized Egyptian architecture. It is built of light granite from Hallowell, Maine. It is 253 icet long, and 200 wide, and occupies the four sides of a hollow square, with a lar^o centre building within the area. The front is approached by eight steps, leading to a portico ol four massive Egyptian columns. The windows, which extend to the height of two stories, have massive iron grated frames, surmounted with cornices, orna- mented with a winged globe and serpents. The two fronts on Leonard and Franklin streets have each two entrances, with two massive columns each. The gloomy aspect of this build- ing has won for it the general name of " The Tombs." It is occupied by the Court of Ses- sions, a police court, and some other court- rooms, besides a prison for male and female offenders awaiting trial. The open court within the walls is uscu as a place of execution for State criminals. Persons can gain admittance on application for a written permit, at the keepers room, between 10, a. m. and 3, p. m." In the fore-ground of the view will be seen one of the " City Railroad Cars," noticed else- where. Custom HorsE. — The lower engraving on the following page, represents the Custom House of New York, situated ot the corner of Nas- sau and Wall streets. "The Custom House has the form and solidity of a Greek temple, and is as enduring as the pyramids. The ediflce, of white marble, is 200 feet long, by 90 in width, and 80 feet high. Some of the blocks weigh 80 tons. The two fronts have 8 Doric columns, nearly 6 feet in diameter; the sides, 10 heavy pilasters. A flight of 18 si jps from Wall street, brings the visitor to the main entrance. The Rotunda is 60 feet in diameter, and the dome, under which the four deputy collectors have desks, is sup- ported in part by 16 Corinthian pillars. In the little room of the treasurer, near at bond, is re- ceived two-thirds of the revenue of the country. The Custom House was erected between the - f| 11 HALLS OF JUSTICK, OR THE TOMBS, NEW YORK. CUSTOM-HOUSE. WALL STREET, NEW YORK. MKRCIIANTS' KXCIIANOK. H MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, WALL STREET, NEW YORK. years 1834-18tl, and cost, including the lot, 11,195,000." The amount of accommodation provided for the transactions of the Custom House, appears to be totally inadequate to the immense amount of business furnished by the port. Merchants' Exchange. — The above engrav- ing represents one of the most beautiful and costly buildings in America, and surpassing any other in the city in size and solidity of construc- tion. " It occupies a whole square of ground, and has a front of 200 feet on Wall street, with an average depth of 160 feet ; is H stories high, includiui; the basement, and flrc-proof through- out, the floors and roof being entirely of masonry and metal. The principal material is brick-facea, with massive blocks of granite, chiefly from the inexhaustible quarries of Quincy, Massachu- setts. The most remarkable features of this huge building ore its graceful portico, present- ing to the eye a facade of 18 Ionic columns, each nearly 40 feet in height, and upw^ards of 4 feet in diameter, the shafts of whicn are each a sin- gle stone (wrought in the most perfect manner, at a cost of liSOOO,) and the Rotunda, or Ex- change Room, which is 100 feet in diameter, ! with ft double dome of brick, surmounted by a vertical sky -light, with movable sashel, which allows thorough and complete ventilation. The dome is supported partly by 8 massive Corinthian columns of Italian marble, weigh- ing41 tons each, in very large sect' jns, imported expressly for the purpose.'" The floor is (lagged with thesame material, and altogether the room ' is one of the finest iu America. 8S NEW VORK FRKE ACADEMY. "Thb Free Acadbht is on Lezineton avenue, corner of Twenty-third street, ana may easily be reached by taking a Broadwajr and Fourth avenue omnibus, or the Harlem rail-can, oppo- site the Astor House. The building is 80 feet wide, by 125 feet deep, and is intended to accommodate 1,000 pupils. It is in the style of the town-halls or tne Netherlands, and is well adapted for its purpose, besides being a conspicuous ornament to the upper part of the city. The cost of the ground was 937,810, of the building, $75,000, while the various appliances of apparatus and furniture have cost |26,867. The onlv requisites for admission are a knowl- edge of the branches taught in the public schools ; it being also required that the appli- cant should have been a pupil in one of these schools for at least one year. It may be added that the graduates of the col- leges can pass the final examination at the Free Academy. CORNER OP FIFTH AVENUE AND FIFTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK. PETER COOPER INSTITUTE, NEW YORK. NEW YORK HOSPITAL. \t •, i^t, ■r.v,-' w -.XTl NEW YORK HOSPITAL, BROADWAY. On the preceding page we give an illnstra- tion of a private residence in one of the princi- fal streets in New Yoric, viz., the Fifth avenue. D this street may be seen some of the largest and handsomest of the private residences ofthe Now York merchants. In summer, when the trees which line each side of the avenue are in full bloom, the street then has all the appearance of a beautiful grove. The ereen blinds, outside of the windows, when closed, which they generally are, detract very much from the elceaut appearance of the houses. The custom of IcecpinK the blinds so much closed, is very common in Mew York, and often, we think, unnecessary, when there are no rays of the sun to occasion such an infringe- ment, in that respect, on one of the greatest laws of health. Trb Coopeb iNSTiTrTK. — This institution de- serves a place among our illustrations of public buildings of the city, not only on account of the magnincence of the edifice, as a building, but as a memento of a most princely act on the part of a New York merchant— Mr. Peter Cooper — who, out of his wealth, has built this bouse with the view of founding an institution to be called " The Union," for the moral, social, and physical improvement of the youth, not only ' belonging to the City, or State, but of any pari of the world. The sum donated to such a noble purpose, amounts to $800,U0O (£00,000 stg). "Tlie building is in Astor Place, opposite the new Bible House. The edifice is six stories hiKh, occupying a space equal in extent to eight full lots, each 2.5 feet by 100, or 20,000 s()naro feet. In the basement is a commodious lecture- room, 135 feet long, and in the upper story an observatory. The Union provides free coursoH of lectures, a fl-ce library, rooms for debating and other societies, and an office for the benefit of persons^ seeking literary employment, where their names and wishes may be registered, and application for their services received. "The School of Design, for females, have rooms in this building, amply supplied with the materials for instruction. Mr. Cooper is a manufacturer of Isinglass, by trade — one of the most noted men in the city for public spirit and benevolence, and a leading member ofthe Swcdenborgian denomination. The New York Hospital is one of the principal benevolent institutions of New York, which the stranger, as he walks aloug Broadway, cannot fail to notice, standing back from off the stream of the great thorough- LA PAKOE HOUSE, BROADWAY. 85 LA FAROE UOUSE, BROADWAY. Cure, and in summer beautifully shaded by the trees in frootof it. " This institution, located in Broadway, between Duuno and Worth streets, was fuuiuled in 1771, by the Earl of Dunmore, at that time (governor of the colony. The institution has an annual revenue, from various sources, of about |8U,UU0, which is expended in th- support of the estab- lishment. The hospital buildings, to which larse and costiv additions have recently been mode, are fitted up in excellent style for the accommodation of patients, who can have the best of medical attendance, and the convenience of nursing and medicine, for |3 a week. Re- spectable persons, without families, will find this a very desirable asylum during sickness. I'atients can have sinele rooms if they desire them. In cases of sudden accidents, patients are received here, and their wants immediately attended to. Medical students are permitted to the rounds with the attending surgeons fof the annual fee of $8. Annual lectures are given by all the attending pliysiciuns and surgeons. The buildings will accommodate 850 patients. Application for admission must bo niude ut the otHce within the Hospital. There are ten attending and consulting physicians and sur- geons." La Faroe Hoc8E.--One of the mammoth- siied hotels of New York. It has a magnificent white marble frontage of 200 feet on Broadway, and stands out in strong relief with all the buildings in the vicinity. It is fitted up for fully 400 guests, in a comfortable and gorgeous manner, and is conveniently situated forliusi- ness, as well as pleasure, being in the vicinity of the Astor Library, and the Reading Room of the Mercantile Library Association, which are free to strangers. The La Farge House is kept by Mr. Wheeler, on the American plan. m II i 86 TKINITY CIUJKCII, HHOADWAY. " Hitimtt'il (III llMitilway, (VnntiiiK Wull Stri'ut, witli It* porUU invltiiiKly i)|M'n tvery day in tliu yi-ur. ulunilx Triiiltj C'hureli, u huaiitil'iil U'liiplu ol' woriihl|>. i* the IlilrtI I'lliHcu of tliu kiiiil t'rvotnd upon tli« Rpiit, thu lint hitvliiK Iwimi do- ■tru.vml III thu u*°o»t f-ro of 177i). Tht Htiti'ru leiiKth of thu bulldiiiu lit IHU ftH't, uf which 4r iiro due to tho cnuiicul. Width ()(' iiuvt', A4 fevt ; uf chitiicid, !IH ft>ot. Ilui|{ht to ('uvcx, M fett, Mid to ridi{<'. uo IVul, with • tliiu opi>n roof. Tlio IiikMu whIIh of Hit oliiirch are of ('aon itoiic, hroii((lit fl'oin Norniundy in Franco— u iiiutcriiil of nn u^rfpublu c(doiir, and cnnily worlti'd, Ix'iiiif Holt I'lioiiuh to lie cut witli u hiiw or knifu. Tho wiiiilow* arc uf richly iitiiini>d ti\ann ; thu ccilliiKt iiuiiitud hhio, mill tlii< roof tiin- hum covcroa with polychromutic di'coru- tiooH. The lloorit uru' tilvd tliruu){iiout, with tiiHtcfiil ornumcntui ImttoniK in chiincul. Tho iiiildinK will Hcut otioiit HiKi, it* cuat hiivinit heun I|i-Ji)o,i)uo. Tho architect of tliiN HnliMidid church Ih Mr. Upjohn, n culu- brulcd Hootch architect. "Tho lolly gpiro uf tho church iit thu i'ompoy'ii I'illorofNow^'irk-tho iiioitt promineiit object tliiit lirKt arrcHlH tho ut- toiitioii of tho Htniiif(or, Hit ho uppronchos tho city I'l'oin till- Alluiitlo. Tho riew from tho tup uf lliu Hpire in witlimit doubt thu tillCl4t to 1)0 hud in the city." V '«? TRINITY CHURCH, BROADWAY, NEW YORK. CUL'ltCH or ALL 80UI.8, SKW YOiiK. 87 Thin nia|{niflot>nt biiililinK, rtcentljr orrntiiil, i« rrniarkatita for ll» iicciiliiir arrlilli'ctiiro li<>ln|{ hiiilt in tin* ityln iif iimn^ (it tlio Ituliun chiirulittii nf (liu iiiltltlln mv of brick, hikI crvHiii-oiilouri'tt ntunc, iiltily, AiyitlniiiK tliu chiircli in tint imritiiiiiiuu, i)ilii*li'il iin Twcii- tk'tli Mtrcct. Iik-IiiiIimI in tlio ilciiun liir llil* vliiircti, i« the iiin)(nitlc<>nt npiro, or ('Hni|iitiiili>, Uoo I'uvt lil|{li, tliu ruundittion iiniv uf it bi'ing at iiri'itMnt liiiilt, Tbo cliiircb. Iiiitiilv. Ik littvil up vli'Kiintly iinil mopit ronifiirtubly, in Mmul unci birxc |>uwi, l<> miit ibu t'liinilioN uf inonibiT*. Tliu pcoiiliur biiti of llic pitint on tbo wull*. tbo ni»K'>'"<--i>)it!jr itiiint>ii ouciipy for iccing and boorlnir— tbo ricb and uay (fi't'Diicii of tbo VBHt crowd of bcarcrit— form ultoKotbcr a roini iC t/iil Niildoin to bo nint wltb. Thin bundMoine odittco bulonun to one of tbo Unitarian conf(r(>Kutionii of Now York, over wliicb tbo Kuv. I)i', liullow* iit poMtor. It luM cont ulrcMuly (ITO.Doo, including tbe par«onu|{u, Tbo canipanilo is oNti- niatud to coiit |40,UU0 : no tbat wbon It i« completed, tbo wliolo edilico will Imro coiit tbo largo Hum of |2l0,0ua, (£42,000 Rttf.). Tbo uruliittict ia Mr. Jacob Wror Mould. It i« situated on the Fourth Avenue, near to Union Square — ono of tbo most beautiful localities in the citv. Tho cars which start from oppomU tbo Astor House, pass tbe entrance to tho church. THE CHURCH OF ALL SOULS-NEW YORK. 88 PL'HI.IC INHTITUTIONS. TiiM Mmiicamtiln lii«ii;^iir.— Onn uf ili« Itn- tit unci iiiiiat iHi'I'iil iii«iiiiitiiiiif< III Ni*w Yolk, U lliii lilirury uinl ri'iiillii|{ iimiiii uI tlii< Mi'ii-uiililu Lllirni'Y Aamicintion, ititiiutt'ti lit (iliitoii Hull, Alitor I'liKv, n llttlu Yi»y out of llromlMrity ( wi'it tiiil I. Till' ri'itiliiiK riHitii i» « iiiiiniilllcunt upurt- iiiiit riinlil- liiK III lii'ooklyii ttiiil pluvuM ttihiii-i'iit wlii>ru or- ili'r* lor liookn aru ri-i'i|iort wii i|ii(itu : — " Till Uhrary now conUInt Hi),i)iM) voliimen, U rti'h III rvery |iii|iiiUr •ml ■iilmitlliu iluiiartuiviil, mul U rikliiliiKUdI til the (iid of Ih* yair KVl. Nuiiriy TA.iNNI viilutiiM wurii il«ltv»riit In tliu'worlil liiillt In t«n yi'iirs, ut u rimt of |'J,1.Mi,ihio. Douk* the larg- cut ship in l hours 'jo m. AinonKst the tini'st churches in the city, wv iiiity niuntion — Ai.LHorL'sC'iii'Ni'H. — tth Avenuw -Unitarian. (Sue I'ligraving oiiii iiotleu ulsi.) Trinity (.'hi!ri,'ii,- Itroailway, fr luut long by Ki) wide, in thu Uorid (Jothic style, with a very buiiiillfui tower snd spiru, •i'^t feet high, coi» taliiiiig a viiiitor's " view-point" of ■J.'in feet In height. (Seu uiigraviiig, ) St. Paul's Ciiai'ici.. - nromlwiiy, butweun Ful- ton and Vesuy streets -Kpiscupiil. Orace Ciiurcii. - — Episcopal, liroadway, aliovu Tunth St. St. Patrick's OATiKnRAL.— Comer of Prino* und .Mult -Kuniuii Catholic, l.'iil fuet by Hii, iu> comiiiudullng '.'ooo persoiis^— liyiuiitine style. Foi,'RTii Univrrsaliht Church— Ilrottdway, above Spring. Ueniurkablu tur the exquisitu (iothic tracery of its curved wood-work, espu- cially on the pulpit and canopy. Tun Okeat Synaoouije.— Oreeno struet, near Iluuston— Hebrew. BENEVOLENT INSTITIJTIONS. New Yoke Huhpital.— Broadway. (See en- graving.) VuHo AsYLim.— 9th avenue, ncor 83d street. A massivuUuthio structure, covering onu entire block. About luu pupils are educnted and taught appropriate trades. DEAr AND Dumb Institution. — 4th avenue and 50th street, on Washington Heights, cov- ering 87 acrus. About '250 mutes educated und taught trudas. Orphan Asylum.— Bloomingdule, near 80th it. 200 inmates. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. New Yore University.— Washington 8q. A noble marble building, with a beuuiiful cha- pel — medio: val Gothic. (See engraving.) Columbia Collkoe.— Park Place, near Broad- way. A president, 10 professors, and 150 stu- dents. Free Academy.— Corner Lexington avenue and 28d streot. (See engraving.) Union Theolooical Seminary.— University Place, near Washington Square. Six profes- sors— 100 students. Bible House. — An immense building, occu- pying one entire triungulur block, neur thejunc' tion of 3d and 4tb avenues, with a frontage of 700 feet. IM'HUC INRTtTDTIONB— BLMI.DINOH— MAUKKTM. 3» WbII OnMIIIAI, Tliacll.DIIII'tL HHMINANr. Ul)tll it., ouruur Ulti Mtrvuux K|)liiui)|ml. ITmiviwitt Mriiii.'al Hruut Muilloiil Miiauiiiii, Nrw Yonk MRiiir*L CoLLiim. Kant inth '•Irmit. Fivii iiKiiittiit' ciiiiriiu, I'ailioloKlcal MiiittMiiii, mill I.Mltiirittiirv fur lh« jtructii'iil Ktiiily iif Aiiuiytlful Olipiiiutrx. aCIRNTiriC AND MTKHAHr IHITITl'TIONI, Amriiivan Inntiti'TI.— .14'.) UroitilMrky. Fur tlin gi'iu'rul ailvuiu't'tiivtit iiml ii/>j>li<-iiliiin nf koI- i'tici\ Ailiiiimtiiiii I'i'i'i', lloliU mi Aiiiiuul Fulr lit 'Ntiil I'liluci', and u l.'uttlu Hliuw. Mkciianun' iNHTiTm. -*Jii 4IIi aveiiiiu. Olvuii |ii)|iiilur Rviviitlllu liKn " Union."— A»tor I'liico, oppoiiito llililu lIoiiKu. Iliiilt by I'utor Cuu|iur. Km). Frou lecliireii, liliriiry, obnvrvutory, ittiiit( roniim, Hiid llturury uin|iloyininr WMliliigtou; Wnal atrKKt, naiir (^hrladi- iiliir; Tlilriy First slrvvt, bvlwavn T«nlh and Kliivviith ii*i>iiiit<«, Thii lliiin l« niarkml for Thirty First stnMl dvpol -dittiirviivii trmii ollivrs, 'JA io no niliiulMk LoNO Island Raii.nhaii. - Di'pot : fiMit of At- laiitio slmt't, lltiMiklyii, Nrw Jrrxrt KAiLROAii.—Dirpat: fool of Court- laiidt «tri'«t, Nrw York and Krir Kiii.khad. — Dvpot : West siri'iil, foot of Dimuii slrtu't. NRWjRRaRrCRNTRAL ANdHtRAMROAT I.INI.— UlUuth- ttu Wall strmt. PITMLIO BiriLDiNnn. PosT-orricR, (Nassau strcol.) - Proci-ed to lirt llruadway, and vast through Liberty street. CimTOM iloi-sR, (Nassau, co|puI.KAMANT |il(IV»>— MNKM or THAVKI,. ItoratnN MtRiiT, d'lll uml ll»iiaiiin drvaU, 1 1 H«i-«iviitit Rmiiivihr, C^tlh ilrml ) T*k« • I'riH I ill llniHilwity til No iiiii, •Mil »Ml III 'ill. ilil or ill) •vvmiii oar lit xillh alrMl, tml pri>- HiMiitiiii alri'i'l III li't ('•'••I w»«l, (UiiiNwiHiri Crmrtrnt, (Hmilh llnuilihrn.) - I'liH'vt'il til 'iii'< lirimilMitjr, mill riKt In rulluii flHI.IU PAIIKI. litTTRiitr, i^'iNil iif ilniiMlwiir.) I'mmvil In Nil. I llniitilwiiy, Milt cniM UiitUr; I'Im'v. Tanr, iviirtii'r ('liitmlM'ri »trii»t •ml ilniwl' wiiy.i I'riK'i'cil 111 a; I llriiinlwuy. Wi«>NiNiiTiiN, f li'iiiirth mill WiHKliif ilfoiiU,) I'riit'i'vil til iltiH Itruailwity, mill wv*! in Wimi*i> r ulrvvl. Union, (Hlh ilrMi.y-l'rurrvil In llniiwUiiy ki No >t. ('RSTHti., (Mull utri'pt.) I'rncoiMl In Hrnml w»y III It* JiiiK'liiin witli *ir liiki> it 'jil, ;iil, nr 4tli nvvntiD car tu mOIIi itrvt'i, nnil priK'ciMl wvit. PLIANAXT DHIVM. Til IIkim IIiiiiiiik, vIiiIIIimiiiiIiikiIiiIi'. I'mi'i-nl nni'di In liniiiilwiiy, lliruiiiili lilnniiiliiKilitl* 'iiml, into tliii Ninth nvvntic. To limn lliiiiMii, vIb MoCnnili'ii Diuii.-I'ro- ci'cil niirlli ill llriiiiilwk'.y In Nn. ti't><, «iii rivvr, eroM* Divlnlnn uvniiii' I'i'rry ; paHH tliriiiifrry, mm liikw Ihiii (iiiirl air**! ear*, wlili'h go In tht 4'i'iiitili>ry gMl«, lloaoKMN knu r.l.TtUN I'lll.lM I'nifiHiii t» pllliiir -m, 417, or 7iui llniadway, niid WMl Ihrnugli liari'Uy, CmiihI, nr Ninth and Chrltl^ plivr iirt'cU In ihu rlvvr, and emx Iho ferry, IIIIW TO LKAVR NKW VDNK. FiiH l'Hii.«iiiii.t'ni«, via New .leraey Kallmai Depot al Jeraey I'lly. I'riii'iied In IM llro*4- way, llieneu to ihv foutol (.'nurtlanii' itrv«t, uMl eriia* III" ktty, Kiiii 1*1111. umi.rHiA, vU ChiihIi'ii nnd Ambny Itiillioad. I''i' I'ler No. t North Uiver. I'ro- ci'eil In .No. 1 llroadway, uiid weal in llatlsrjr riaeu lu thw rivur, Kiiu lliMTON, via Hlniilnglon and I'rovideno*, From Tier No, 'J North Uiver. rnieeed lo No. I llrouilwuy, and weat through lUtlury I'lace lo thu river. Kiiii liiMTiiN, via Fall Itiver nnd Newport, - From Tier No, :i Norlli Itiver. l'roei>i>i| to No. I llroadway, and wuat Ihrough llaltvry I'litott tn the river. For IIontiin, via Norwich and Woreealer, ■• From fool of I'lMirtlaiidl atieel. Proceed to .Nn, 171 llroadway, and thencu through Courllandt alreet tu th« river. For lioNTON, via New Haven Itailroad. — Depot 'J7lh alreet and 4lh avenue. Take a 4tli avenue car, which iilaria from the Aator Hiniae, or a llroadway and 4tli avenue Ktvge, north to ■J7th Ktreut. For Ai.BANr, via Iludaon Kiver Itailroad.— Depot, Warren alreet and t'ollcge Place. Pro- ceed In 'JiUi llroadway, und weal In Warren alreet tu Collegu Place. For Alhany, via Harlem Railmad. — Dopnt 'J7th alreet, corner 4tli avenue. Take A 4lll avenue car, wliicli ataria from thu Aator Houae, or a llroadway and 4th avenue atagu, north to 'J7th alreet. For Ai.dany, via I'eople'ii l,ino Stcnrnhoata.— From foot of Courtlandt alreet. Proceed iu llroadway to Nn. 171, und west in CourtUndl Mtreut tu the river. For Albany, via Merchants' Line .Stonm- boalH.— From foot of Itoliinann alreet. Proceed to No. Ii.'l7 llroadway, and through Park Place weat to thu river. For ItiirrALo or Di'nkirk, via New Vork anil Erie Kailroad.—Dcpot, foot of Duaiio street. Proceed in Hrnadwuy to No. 80.'S, and west in Duanc utreet to the river. For Nbw Havk.v, by uteamboot,— From Peck Slip. Proceed ti ^m llroadway, and eaat in Fulton utreet tu the river ; thence northeast twu blocks. 1UUII UUltmi:, liAHLKM. 41 m TIIK ilKllI IIKIIKU:, ("HOTON AQUKInrcT. Iliiiii lliiiiKiK.- ■Coiiiircli'il with llii> Wilier mip- |ilv III' New Viirk, »)' kIm' IIii< aliovi> ciiuruviiitt of thi> Ai|iiriliirt,iivi>r wliictilliK water Urruuulit In |)ipoii Into Itn' I'ity to tin- nn-iit ronervmr iilhillh •t., Iioiti I'liiloii Itlvci iii'uily III inlli'K nil". Uy IIiIn iiu'miii), Ni'w York i« iiii|i|ilii'i| liy nil Ktiiiti- iluiit, mill iii'vcrriillifiu Mtri'iiiii of tlii< heat wutiT wliii'li (Mill 1»" ili'Miri'tf It in liriiii|{lit to n re- criviiiu ri'M'rviiir, on Yolk Hill, iilimit n niili'n fi'iiiii tlic City Hall. Till' iiiiiintlly rupiililc of b('iu|< Hiipplit'il aiitt (llMtribiiteil, ia ilo niiUiimn ,if' f/iil/iini in "«'' 'III,'/. Tlio llriiluc, rcpri'noiilcil nltovc, cnrnKi'i* tin- lliirli'iii Viillfy iiiiil Itlvvr, mill In Urii) IVct loiii(. Tlii'M" lire N nrclii'N, with n Kpiiii of so H'l't (•acli, i)|iriii^iii)f I'roiii piiTit 'Jii fi't't wiilo, at tlio Hprlii|{ line, wliii'li in flo fi-et aliovi' the mirfiii'i' of tlio riviT, at liiiili wiitiir. TIiiti> aii- Hrvcral othi-r Bi'dioi, Hprinijiiiij from tin- ){roiinil, of /id lout euc'li. Tlu< whole workH, in ronnoction with hrln|{- \un tho water hv thin nicaim to the rity, had cost iipwardit of f in.OOU.ouo ^i;-.J,4ii(i,iiOo u'tg.). On the next iiai^e will lie fminil illustrations of one of tho liaiikliiK eMtaliliNliiueiitx of thu city, U8 well HH of the cvlehratoil hillianl-talilu rooiiid of M. I'lielim, the lar^eHt e>(tnl>li»liiiieiit of the kiiiil, wo believe, in the United States*, where thirty iiia^nilieent table* iiro tilteil np for plav, all the inannraetiire of MeKsr.'t. O'Con- nor k L'olliiKler, of New York, thu lttr|{C8t bil- liard-tuble mukem in tho country. imooKivK. At'ROKii Iho Kait Itiver In lhf> mibiirhnn ritv of Mrooklyn, where ihoinianiU of the New York iiierehaiitK, and otlierx, rexlde. The ferry-btmlit rro»« every three or four iiiiniileit, Kroinlirook- Ivn " iiei|(ht»," Home of the llneHt viewit of New Vork and nelKhbniirhoiid are olituiiied. Ilrook- lyii i» ^iiverneil bv ik iiiavor, and a boiiril of Is alilennen -pnbliiibei* dully newitpaperK, and had about it all tlie rhiiriieleriiitieii of aeity, ulthoiiKh it forniit, ill realitv, only u niibiifb of the irreut ■>()othani," with whieh It iit mi clonely ullied. The population in about tiH.iiiiii. Strannerit will liiid the Itev. II, \V. Ileecher'n ehiireli (named I'lvmoiith riiiirehi in Oranuu Ntreel, between IlielcH and Henry Htreetx. Take the ferry foot of Fiillon »liiet. Ilroolilyn Ioih nearly ho ehnrclicH in it, of all denominalion)!, and theiicu liu« been Rtyltd tho "City uf Churvhi'it." (i'lKKNttoon Ckmktkhv, the larxest pnbllo burial Kroiiiiil in the world, i* Nitiiiited on (lowaniiti llei^htit, about 'Ji niileii fruni South Kerry. Tliu variouii avenupN in tho around psleiid for about l.'i mileN- and, with ititliillN and delln, forniH a Hcene of jtreat beauty, wbiNt tho iiiatt- niticent monuineiits, and the eminent Individ- iinU buried there, render it n place peculiarly intereitting. THE BANK OF THE REPUBLIC. BROADWAY. 11. PHELAN'S BILLIARD-TABLE ROOMS, BROADWAY. NEW YORK STREETS— CUUrOUATION AND POLICE. V 48 f • lit; t-l I NEW YORK STREETS AND CORPORATION. • One of the worst things oonncotod with New York, which ttrikei a stranger at once on his coming eitlier from Great Dritain, or such a city as PhilaJelpliia or Boston, is tlio abominably disgraceful state wlilch the public ^^roets are in, for the most part It matters not whether it is fine a day or foul day, there the gutters reek with stagnant water and filth to such an extent, that we are only surprised that the mortality la not greater than it is In New York, although, who can doubt but that that has something to do with the great mortality which takes place among young children, compelled as they are, to in- liale the poisonous miasma fi-om stagnant dirty water, etc, before the doors. Again, in the paving of the streets, they are equally bad. With the exception of such as Broad- way, there is scarcely a street in New York, but in driving along which you have to be very careful, or either the springs of your mochine will snap, or you will be pitched out, owing to the ruts, holes, and stones laying about The oonditloi^of the public streets of New York — os regards scavengering and paving — are at present, and we believe long have been, a standing memorial of an effete, or disgracefully disregardless corporation. Ask any one, high or low, rich or poor, as to why it is so, and you will get the one universal answer — " We are swindled out of the money which ought to keep the streets in better order. Instead of paying to do that, it finds its way into the pockets of a corrupt corporation." We could scarcely believe such to be possible, but " what every body says must be true." We are so fur glad, however, to be borne out in these remarks by a quotation which we make from the New York Dailif Herald, the editor of which paper (20th September, 1868) appears to be indignant, when, in referring to the enormous taxation of the city, he suye:— " In return for the vast expenditure of $10,000,000, the citizen gets comparatively little advantage ; over 8,000,000 of it goes into the pockets of a set of thieving ofilcials, small politicians, rowdies, and fighting men ; filthy streets, with the germ of pestilence in every gutter ; schools so inadequate to the population, that 10,000 children are refused admittance in one week ; a police department so grossly mismanaged that life is continually in danger, and property almost wholly unprotected ; a city government more abominably corrupt and IneflJcicnt than any other on the face of the globe — these are the benefits which the citi- zens of New York get for all the money that is squandered and plundered every year. And such comments will remain true of the condition of this city until its government is taken out of the hands of dishonest politicians." And again, talking of the taxpayers, says: — " They are the sufferers from all our corporation corruptions — they are the parties who are fleeced by the robbers and jobbers of all the rotten cliques and parties in the field ; and the wrongs of the taxpayers can only be righted by themselves. They can clean out our treasury suckers if they will, and a half dozen men may put the ball in motion. Will no- body take the hint, and move in this important matter of reducing the fees and perquisites of our corporation sharks and jobbers to the extent of $2,000,000 or $3,000,000 a year ? Can any man enumerate the loafers and vagabonds now subsisted out of the pockets of the tax- payers, but who would be driven to honest labour, or driven out of the city, if our corpo- ration expenses were cut down to the extent of some $2,000,000 or $3,000,000 a year? -i; POLICE OF NEW YORK. From what we hove seen and heard of this body, their efficiency or discipline is very questionable, when compared with the well-regulated system of any of the British cities. The policeman of New York is apparently a very gentlemanly man, and will be found DOW and then at corners of streets, etc., dressed up with blue frock coat, and white pants, with blue cloth cap (in summer). If you ask him a question, regarding your way to any particular point, perhaps •■Mi fi 44 POLICE OF NEW YORK — DINING SALOONS. he will witlidrnw tlie olgnr (Wtm hU mouth, and give you a quiet, civil aimwer; or he will answer you with the cigar ituclc in the ourner of his mouth, ns ho BtAuds enjoying: hie " weud," nnd it may be, he antwert nut uvor civilly, and rather oaroloMly. It 1h, Iiow- ever, in the cntohlng of |)lck[)oukclB, for example, where we have seen him Bhiiiu, to posi- live dlMtdvantage — when in liaving some " rowdy" pointed out to him to sciiuro, he would (cigar in mouth) give ohase, and poMibly run oftur his game for probably 100 yards — wlicn, either fancying it too muoh trouble, or from some other cause, he would give up the oliuso, and be laughed at by the by-standers, as well as by the scoundrel he was In pursuit of. We need not say what the effect of such an exhibition must be, upon the more viciouti members of society, when they see such laxity in apprehensions. Compare thii« with the determined vigilance, courage, and perseverance of a London policeman, who, in such cir- cumstances, would olmse his man from Hammersmith to Bow, rather than ho defcHted, once ho had started in pursuit; The case we have mentioned, as regards New Yorii police- men. Is only what we have borne witness to, (In what Is termed the " mayor's squad,") and Is a sample, from whatavo hear, of the efficiency of the protectors of the public safety and peace — who are elected to their situations, it Is affirmed, more to serve private or political Interest, than with an eye to the efficiency of the public service. The Inofflclenoy of the police of New York cannot be better illustrated than by reference to the fact of murders, robberies, burglaries, assaults, etc., taking place, daily and nightly, without the offenders being brought to justice — together with the fact, that nlmnst the whole of the large stores and factories are obliged to have private watchmen, during the night, to protect their property. Notwithstanding all the wealth, intelligence, and experience which exists in New York, we ni'e surprised that such a want of protection to person and property exists, in the sys- tem, at present, which assimilates to that In existence la London 100 years ago. DINING SALOONS, ETC. No city is better off than New York for the conveniences it affords for men of buslneHH and the thousands of assistants of all kinds, as well as strangers, getting a good, comfort- able, and economical dinner. Much as Manchester moy boast of its " Merchant's," in Mar- ket street; London, of its "Orcsham," in Aldermanbury ; Glasgow, of its "McLearyV or " IMppett's ;" or Liverpool, of its " Anderson's" or the " Crooked Billet," the stranger, when he becomes acquainted where to go, in New York, can dine better there, for less money, than in any of the cities referred to. The dining soloons are conducted on the same style as those In Manchester, where the system of tickets are given by the waiter, stating the amount you have to pay as you retire. There are printed bills of fare, and an Immense variety of eatables and edibles are there mentioned, with the price stated opposite each. For example, you can have a plate of soup, roast mutton, potatoes, bread, butter, pickles, and pudding for 29 cents, or Is. 2| ner't, of Mancheater, with their 8 horte abreMt Scotch buM ; or Andrew Menziet, of Glas- gow, can loarcely boast of doing thli particular branch of city trade, on to extensive a •cale, as that now deaoribed, far leu* conveying paisengcra S miles for 'i\d, We understand that each oar makes 10 Journeys per day, and carries on an avernge, about 80 passengers each trip. There are about 70 ous on one line, giving something like the following result : — ^ToUl number of oars, 70, Running equal to 6,820 miles, and carrying 88,600 passengers pe-< day. Income at 6 cents each, $1,080, or £886, stg., in one day, or 911,760 per week, or in one yecr |0ll,020, (£122,640,) on one line of streets alone I The line of George Law's, it is said, pays at least 12 per cent dividend, besides bonuses. A new description of one horse railroad car was started in New York last August, and a most comfortable car it is. Connected with it, there is no conductor. The driver pulls np — you enter — put the amount of your fare down a slip near the roof, and it drops into H glass case. When the driver, who sees through the glass tliat the amount is correct, he touches a spring, and the coin falls down into a locked drawer underneath ; the money never being touched by the driver, and beyond his reach. If you have no change, the driver will give you full change, through a hola In the top of the omnibus. On entering the car you deposit the proper amount of fare as stated. The door is opened and shut by a strap in the hands of the driver, attached to the door. In the city omnibuses, (called stages) the only attendant is the driver, who attends to Ita management in the same manner as abovf described. i \- .J , . ■: t wooT7sr.x0zsEZi ox INTERLINEAR CLASSICS, CLARK'S LATIN GRAMMAR, MANESCA'S FRENCH GRAMMAR, GUY AND KEITH'S ASTRONOMY, MITCHEIX'S UNIVERSAL ATLAS, MITCHELL'S POCKET MAPS, ult*n V. VvrpUnok, II. T. Tui'k«rni>n, Utorc* W. Ourtb, John 0. «»x«, Airrtd B. «r*«l, Prof. Cilwarrt NoHh, Msiilon M. MurhU, nu Janiw O'BrUn, T. II. Alilrlch, JkinM W. Morrif, K. I., (loilkln, I>an»l>l (I. Mllchvll, John I'hinnU, Park B«iil«inln, A. WlliUr, Usv. V. W. Mhrlloa, Mra. K. Kay DIunI, Ur, J, W. Psimtr, I)r. J. W. rrsncla, MIm OmoHm OhMMbro, " Thi oMMt and bnl MUblUhtd of Amartcan MugailnM." " Th« Blackwood '«iitirully and oon? eniflntly dtuatetl on t\\» north hank of tlie River I'otunmc, DUtrict of CohimMa. Tho c\ly U nearly turnmmltHi l>y a flno amphltlientre of hllli of moderate elevation, covered with tree* and thrubbcry, and cointnandWiK from many points piotiireiique iconery, and eztenilTO view* of the " River of Swan*," which, dcucendlng from the Mleghony Mountnlnn, and wlnui.g It* way for nearly 4<)0 mile* thrmi|^i a fertile and lOSt attractive country, expand* Into CheMipeake Day. The environ* of the city nltound in ele);ant villa* and country uat*. "Lat. 88° 68' 48" north, an<] long. 77° 1' 80 " we*t from Orccnwlo»>. It 1* the flr*t meri- dian of American geographer*. "The (ite ha* n gently untlulating lurfnce. The city extend* N. W. and H. R. about 4^ mile*, and R. to H. about 2^ mile*. The public building* occupy the mo*t elevated *ltutttion». Tile street* run N. and S., and E and W., crossing each otiier at riglit annle*. with the exception of 15, which point to the State*, of which they severally luar the name*. Tlie Capitol command* the street* called Maryland, Deliiwure, ancl PunnHylvunlA avenue* ; the President'* Houro, Pennsylvania, Vermont, New York, and Ccmneelicut avenue*, and all these different Intersection* form 1170 square*. Penniylvania avenue, which *trctches in a d.rect line from Oeorgctown to the Eastern Branch, passing the I'resl- dent'* IIouso to the Capitol, is 4 mile* in length, and 160 feet wide between those cdltiuo*, and beyond them 130 feet The street* are from 70 to 100 feet wide. The wliole area of the city is about 8010 acre*, and it* periphery alwiut 14 mile*. "Tlio city wns founded, and the corner-stone of the Capitol was laid, with masonic honour*, on the 18th Sept., 1708, and the city wa* fir*t occupied a* the leat of government In IHIX). " The public building* of Washington are the Capitol, the Exeuutlve Mansion, the State Offices, Treasury Buildings, War Offices, Navy Office*, Office* of tlie Secretary of the Inte- rior, Patent Office, Post-office, Office of the Attorney-general, National Ob*ei'VBtory, the Arsenal, Nnvy Yard, Smithsonian Institute, National Medical College, Columbian College, Const Survey Office, City Hnll, Notional Institute, numerous churches, the hotels, and many others devoted to a variety of useful, literary, and benevolent purpose*. " Public SguAREs and Park*. — We condente tho following from Mis* Lynch'* de*crlptlon of Washington : " The open waate lying between the Capitol, the Pre*ldent'* House, and the Potomac, Is about to be converted Into a national park, upon a plan proposed by the lamented A. J. Downing, The area contain* about 160 acre*, and the principal entrance Is to be through a superb marble gateway, In tho form of a triumphal arch, which is to stand at the western *ldo of Pennsylvania avenue. From this gateway a *erie8 of carriage drives, forty feet wide, crossing the canal by a suipenslon bridge, will lead In gracefully curved lines beneath lofty shade-trees, forming a carriage drive between 6 or 6 mile* In circuit. The grounds will Include the Smithsonian Institute and Washington's monument. The parks round the President's Houso and the Capitol have already been mentioned. Lafayette Park, on the north side of Pennsylvania avenue, in front of tho executive mansion, Is laid out and planted with shrubbery, etc., and contains, as ye have elsewhere stated, a bronze equestrian statue of President Jackson. To avoid the unpleasant angularity, caused by the peculiar intersection of the streets, open spaces are to bo left at these points, which are to be laid out and planted with trees, etc. There are extensive grounds around the City Hall, called Judiciary Square." "Objects or Intebest in the Vicinitv. — Fifteen miles south of Washington, on the Poto- mac, is Mount Vernon, once the home, and now tho tomb of Washington. Thirteen mile* above Georgetown are the Great Falls of the Potomac, thought by muny to equal. In wlld- iiesB and picturesque Interest, any In the country. The Little Falls, which descend 18 feet perpendicularly, are only 8 miles above Georgetown. The latter was a favourite fishing rewrt of Dnnlel Webster. Measures are being taken to supply Washington with water from one of these full*. 48 TUB OAPITOIi or' TIIK I'NITKI) HTATE8. I a. '''ml c -. a I -S c C 1- ^ ^ ? ■a -S S I ^- = •§ 3 :2 - 11 -^ It • § J! -■I SB.S J -= -3 -3 1 1 E i I M ^.^ S I * c! 2 . "C 2 •g t 2 ^ I I = I »! - -T! t< 1 '-J ■4-1 -*-> fc- O '^ 5 .S ^ « i -Vi -§ 3 f u ■- 3 a S •- ^ 3 S B is 9! W) - 1 •s Or J3 C & 71 C 41 .^ 2 —f ii § « bf) ■s c .^ s 4) « t ^ 2 e B — • 'fi O ^ .5 M.I h B ~ '3 «i ♦J «3 'O * — 2 Is 2 12 -^ i- 5 4)*^ I S" * 4( 5 « 1 2 S '2 -i '5 * - ^ -^ 5; -^ i I « = 2i § s i 1 S .5 £.To^ I ^ »-E*2-s g >>o-*^ iifi^i^ill.2.sllll a I I 3 « a 2 s s "t 5 2. -I J ^ ^ I ^ -S I I 3i 41 5d •s * - a * OITV or WAHIIINOTON. fP ■onifly Ulil out, mill pUntiil with lr»«* iiikI «lirul>li«ry, iirravtiliiiK, xt«iiaii)iii|irwli«iiil two wlnir*. ^iiV by U)* fi't't, which urn to tiu lurroillKlctl on thri'u ulili-a liy coloniiiiilf*, nihI toc>oiniiiiiiilc«t« on Ihii rmirih hy i-orrlduro 41 fi-ot l<>ii)(,niiltol mnlirMoir from UU to :ii) ucri'<, forniliiK nn oIiIomk on thrxv i>lil<«, un*t. "Tiiic I'liiMiiiKNT'* Manrion liaa n front of I7( fi-ft hy Nt) r>>tit ilcip, |» u *torlci< lil((h, nml I'lilll of frtn«ton<', |«ilntfil wlilii-, h.'nii-, w<> pri'nirni', It U nANiml thx " Whlto llointu." Th«' iiortli front hii« n |Hirtluo ornHinvnIi'il with 4 lonio coluninit fni'liiK I'l-nnnylvniilu nvvnua, iukI ;i At thu ilijci; iimler thU, cnrrluKi'* |H)alt thitir vlallori^ Thn roiomto front hii* a olrc-ular ('o!onna
  • of it lonio volnninii. In th«i Mmu em-lonuro with tlio Kx« ouilvi' Mitnulon ar>i tlm i>i|ltli-i'« ii|>|)ro|irliit«!i| to the Htnte, Tr<>a»iiry, War, ami Navy l>«- IMiriiiiinlK. TIm' Stiiti! anil Tnaaiiry liullilln((ii aro dlrvctly vait of the Prolilvnt'* IIoum, and tliouc of War ami Navy wi<«t of It. "Tiiic Htatb Dki-aiitmknt U a |i|uin, hrlok itriKanrn, IrtO tv«t lonit, ftfl wlilr, and 2 •torloi h1t(li, In wlili'h aril iniployt'd |{i vlork*, 2 nu>M«iiK«rit, and watchnivn. Th« di'|iarttn«>nt contain* a lurxi' lllirarv of liiHikw, inapi, chaitii, »'to., and In th« copyright l>iir«au aru d«- IMwiti'il from lo.iHM) to U,mm volumii»or work* copyrighted la thu United HUtw. Iinniu- dlutcly Roiith of tlio State DcpartiiU'iit U "TiiKTitKAHtiiiY l>KfAiiTMKNT, occupying an ImpoMiiK edlflc* of itone, n4U feet lonif, and 170 will)-, ami, when uotn|il<'ifil, will ho 4(17 in ItinKth. Thu cait front (on thu north Ix-nd of ri'nnKylvania avinu«, canned hy the interruption fi-oni thu park around the l'ri'»ld«'nt'« llomie) hnN a colonnade of Ionic column*, JiiHl feet lon^, and, when the north annrtnicnt*, in which are em- ployed, heHi<|eH the Hccretary and hi* a*ii*tnnt, 8 auditor*, 2 trea«ureri, t i'vKi*ter, 1 com inUptioiicr of cuhtomH, ahout 800 clerk*, and perhaps 80 Jither employee*. The liuiltlInK "f "TiiK War Ukpartmknt I* prcci«ely Rimilar to that of the Htale, and I* the hendquarlerv of till' army otilcer*. In It are employed, hcHide* ofllcers, H2 clerk*, nnout halfway hetwcen thu Capitxd and President's House, nortli from I'cnn- sylvania avenue, fiHintIng K street, is the *tructure occupied hy "TiiK (iKMERAL PosT-opKiuR, oHu of tlio finest cdlfloes In Washington, It is of white mar- liie, 204 feet lonia:, and 102 deep, contains over 80 room*, and employ*, besides the postnin*- ter-j^eneral, his 3 asslslanta, more than SO clerks, and the sixth auditor, with over loo clerk*. Occupying the square between Nth, 0th, and F and (} Mtreets, Is thu bulldlni( of the Depiirtmeiil of the Interior, or Home Department, generally called (from one of its bureaus) the Patent OtHce. (Hce Engraving.) ".S)ufli fi'om Pennsylvania avenue, weet of the Capitol, and south-east from the Presi- dent's House, on a gently rising ground, iti the midst of the new park now being laid out, stands "TuK Hmitiisonian Isstitutb, one of the noblest Institutions and finest structures In Wash- ington. The edifice is 460 feet long by 140 wide, Is built of red sandstone, in the Kouian- escpie or Norman style, embelilshf'd by 9 towers of from 76 to 150 feet In height, and when viewed from Capitol Hill, has an lm|iosing etfeet. In the building will be provided a lec- ture room, sufficiently capacious to seat from 1200 to 2000 persons, a museum for objects of natural history, 200 feet long, one of the best supplied laboratories in the United State*, a gallery, for paintings and statuary, 120 feet long, and a room capable of containing a lib- rary of 100,000 volumes, and actually numbering 21.701, In 1883; of which 4830 were copyright works. This institution was endowed by .lames Smithson, Ksq., an Englishman, who left to the United StMtes Ifl.'ilS.lrtO, (according to the words of the will.) " to found at Washington an estAblishment for thu increase and dIfTusion of knowledge among men," I 09 WAHIIINCITON AM) MOirNT VKKNOV. HnilihMtn litnl In IN^U, •ml In IMA wm Mimnianaatl th« rtrui'liir* whUK hit* lK>«n Imllt bj Iha tntvrnt •«0umiikl«> to lh*l Itnin, vk, $l4t,llf. Th« fun>l yUI«iia iif mora than (Xo.iHN). Urn will mali»« no rMtrtalbin ai Ui lli* hind i)f knowlnlK* to litiiiilt(>tl»il. Work* un •thnoNiKy ami antli|ultlMi hav* alrvaily b«*n |iulilUh<>v«i<«ii|)Im a t>i*mm«niroU||hly tiy th« alil of tlia nUff rli(rapli. "TiiK AkatNAL, on (iri'onlnar* I'oint, at thn Junction of tlia Fjiatorn llrani'li witli lliti I'olo- Uiai^, U onw of thu |irln4't|Mil ar*»nal* uf atinitniotlon In tha Unlttxl Htati-*, " Alioiil 1 1 mill'* iiorili mtd front tha artanal, auil tha laiua JUtanoa auuth-aaat uf tha eap- (tol, un tlii> ICait liraneh, U '■TiiK Navt Yahii, whloh oovart almut !10 aura*, ancloMtcl liy a wall, ThU U onn of th* nio«t «xti hand* In tha nianufaotura »f anchor*, ohaln-uablu*, •taani-KiiKlna*, and Lollar*, pyrotuahnlc*, In lirn** and Inin foun- drill*, t'tc, «tc. "Tna National CiciiBTKar, or CtinKri-Mlonal liurylnKifrimnd, U altnatad aliuut \ inlla «a«t of thu rApltol, on an tdwatlon (.■oniinaudInK hna vUw* of the ■urroundlh)( country, which U hcautlfit'd with trav* and ihruhhary. Iii hava b««in dr|Kwlt«d, fi.r a *hort tlniu at l«rt«t, tho romalntof loma of tha inu*t dUtlnKulihad man In thu nation, and liuru are vr*«teil o«>notH|)h* to all member* of Cunitru** dyln^ while In olHuo, "Th* building* of tha Coa*t Hurray do nut, in th«iii*i-lv««, d**erv« any notica, but the op«>rntton* carried on here, under the •U|)erlntendancti uf I'rofeeaur A. I>. Kauhe, a nnrn<* well knuwn to iciance, are of th* mod Important nature. "The ruddunt population of the ctty I* alN)ut DS,<)»Httii)n. It U xituated on a peiiinmila sonietliing Hku wliat New York U, Imt between tlio Dela- ware and Helmylkill Klvers. Tlio former extending lt« course of IdU miles, to the sea, and all the way nlTord* depth of water ButWolent to lloat the Inrjjeitt ships at Its wharvcR; the Hehuylklll, on the other hand, atfordln({ excellent water communication \> 1th the mining rejfioiis of IVnnsylvania, The poj)ulation of the city by the last census, was 42.3,000, being an Increase of 83,066 over that of 1860 — showing a iwpulatlon of 261,471 greater than that of Uoston, and of 2(t0,!io4 less than that of New York. In the latter estimate, however, it ought to bo borne in mind, that the population of New York is much more of a migratory and unsettled — therefore, unproductive character, than that of probably any city in tlie States — but jiar- tlcularly so in comparison with the character of the popfflation of Philadelphia, which is of a much more ]>ermanent aud productive eliaractcr. The number of Irish ah)ne in New York, engaged in domestic employment — consequently, unproductive labour — is 176,1)75. Since the last census was taken, the population of Philadelphia has increased to nearly 000,000. Ap])roaching Philadelphia from New York, you arrive most probably per rail from Am- boy, at Camden station. From there y^)u cross the Uiver Delaware in the ferry steamer which lands you at Walnut Street Wharf. Approaching the city from the west or north you arrive at the station on the western side of the Schuylkill River, where the locomotive will leave the train. Your carriage will be drawn by six or seven mules for al«mt 1^ miles Into the centre of the city, at which you will find the carriages of tlie principal hotels waiting, as well as cabs, and plenty of coloured porters. The stranger, on visiting Philadelphia, cannot but be struck with the vast dimensions of the city — its immense manufacturing productive powers — its spacious streets, laid out with till' mathematical precision of the foot-rule — its public and private palatial buildings — its vast wholesale and magnificent retail stores — its gaily dressed ladles — all combining to up- Bet our previous conceptions of a " Quaker city" — not presenting in its exterual ehnracter, almost any thing okin to the quiet staidness of tlio worthy representatives of its founder, Quaker AVilllam Penn. Friends in the oast would have ub to believe that Philadelphia was a city, nowhere — that as much business was done in New York in one day, as was done in Philadelphia in one year — that tho people of Philadelphia were asleep — behind the age — and, as Londoners would say, (when they talk of such cities as Manchester, Liverpool, and Glasgow) o place " in tho country" — conveying the idea of some suburban town. Our visit to Philadelphia, then, was an agreeable surprise in every respect. We visited some of the streets where the stores are located, and found in them, every one busier than another — nailing «p boxes, hauling them out on trucks, and into wagons at the doors. Dry goods Balesmen we found neck deep in mazes of prints and calicoes, ' displaying them to western customers, and these marking their jiurehascs ; hardware men quoting the lowest for some of Sheffield's best productions; c'ron."..s .and their customers, buried behind huge piles of boxes of tea, whilst tasting their samples ; jiublishing houses crammed full of books of all sorts and sizes, from " Jack the Giant Killer" to Lippon- cott's ponderous " Gazetteer," — with their floors jammed full of cases being packed to send off to enllgliten the natives as well as foreigners, in all quarters of this miglity continent. Y''oung men would be seen labelling immense cases of goods for the chief cities in the west and south, and even east, as far as Boston ; carters loading and unloading every con- ceivable kind of package, all betokening an amount of business, despatch, and bustle, which made us begin to consider whether we were in New York or Philadelphia. Entering some of the immense factories in iron work, the large letter-i)re8s printing es- PHILADELPHIA. 68 tabllHlimpntii, both book and ncwupnper — seeing them throwing off their dnilies by their tens of tlioiisnnds, as fitst and us cheap as liurnan slcill can aeeoniplisli— the immense bind* eries, and many otiier large and Imsy hives of industry — we found tlic same magnitude of operations going on, all elearly letting us know that wo were in one of tlio largest manu* faeturing cities in this country — questioning if it was not likely some day to rival its more populous neighlioiir — New York — in manufacturing enterprise. If the strangt^r should happen to visit I'hiladelphin about the time we dbl, (August) or, in fact, at any time da- ring the siuiuiier months, lie will find the scene wo have endeavoured to portray. Whore there are so many spacious street* in the city, filled with elegant stores of all kinds, it is dilHcult to mention ony one in particular : l)Ut Chestnut street appeors to be the principal main street, and forms the "Broadway" of the city — in which some retail storea are situated, which, for size ond elegoiice, are not, we believe, excelled Ity any city in the world. The streets generally are clean ond in good order, ond in that respect forms a pleasing controst to those cesspools of filth which eliaracterizo the streets of the " Kmpire City." The houses in many of the streets in the city ore neot, compact, brick houses, re- semliling very much those to bo seen in the neighl)ourhood of London and Manchester — but insteiid of being built in rows oil joined together, mony in Philadelphia are detached along with a piece of ground, and all particulorly clean and tidy in oppeorunce. The suburlis of Philadelphia ore studded with neat cottages, villas and stately m' nsions, beautifully situated, surrounded by pleasure-grounds, and inhabited, for the most pa,-*-,, by the manufacturers, merchants, and commercial classes wliooreengnged in business in tliocity. From " Lippencott's Gazeteer" wo quote the following information. " Thcro is but one park (Independence Square, in the rear of the Stole House) or public squore in the dense part of the city (besides the five enumernted in the generol plan) of much importance. In the immediate vicinity of Fairinount water-works (themselves form- ing a fine promenade, with an extensive view from the bosin) is Lemon Hill, formerly I'ratl's Oorden, and once the residence of Robert Morris, of Revolutionary fame. Tiiese grounds ore very extensive, covered with fine old trees, possess groat variety of surface, and descend on the west ond south-west by steep bonks to the Schuylkill River. The sipiares within tho city cover eoch an extent of from 5 to 7 acres, are enclosed i)y tasteful iron rail- ings, ore beautifully laid out, and plonted witli n greot variety of trees. Squirrels, pea- fowls, ond deer ore domesticated in them. Five of these squares are named Washington, Rittenhouse, Penn, Logon, and P'ronklin. The latter hag a fine fountoin and basin, with 40 jets of wotcr." In public buildings, the city can boast of some unsurpossed in elegance ond in historicol interest. Indei'kxoenck llAt.r,, Chestnut street, shoukKbe visited by every stronger. In that vener- alde edifice was hold the Convention which framed the Dooloration of Independence, and also the Constitution of the United States — the veritable desk and eliair of Washington and Franklin stonding os they did on tliosc memorable days; the old boll, with its procla- mation of liberty upon it — " Proclaim liberty throughout this land, to all the inhabitants thereof," and tlio steps from whicli the Declaration was signed, on the 4th of July, 1770, from which AVashington delivered his " Farewell Address," on his retirement from public life. From the top of the steeple, a most magnificent view of the city is obtained, giving a stranger tlie most adequate conception of the magnitude ond importance of tho city. GiiiARO CoLi.KOE. — Philadelphia possesses in Girord College, situotod obont 2 miles north- west from the Stoto House, the finest specimen of Grecian nrehitecture in the United Stotes, if not of modern times. It is in the Corinthian style of architecture. Tlie entire cost of buildings, wall, ond embellishments of the grounds wos $1,9.S3,821.78, or $66,000 less than was donated by Stephen Girord for the erection and endowment of the institution. Mr. Girard, who mode this magnificent bequest, wos a notivo of Fronee, who come poor ond friendless to Philodelphia in boyhood, and by industry and good monagement accumulated ft fortune of severol millions, the greater portion of which he left to the city for the erection and endowment of Girord College for Orphons, and for improving the city in various ways. 54 PHILADELPHIA. Tm Custom IIoubr, on Chestnut street, ia a maguifloent marble builtling, in Imitation of the Partlivuuu of Athens, anil a splendid sample of the Doric stylo of aruhiteeture. The Mkrl'iiantm' Exuhanoic, fronting Wulnut, Doek, and Third streets, ia u1m> t\ marble ' building, of fine proportions, with a senii-virculor portico of Corinthian columns. TiiK Umtki> Statka Mint, in Chestnut street, is a handsome edifice of brick faced with marble, in imitation of a Grecian temple of the louio order. Our space prevent! ua from noticing more of the many other magnificent buildings in the city. Philadelphia appears to be nrell supplied with churches — there being upwards of 230 iu the city — embracing all denominations. The city long preserved great simplicity in her church architecture; but of late a gradual change has taken place in the style of the reli^ ious as well os of the private edifices of the city. Recently, a number of costly and liighly ornamented churches have been, and are now being, erected. Cbmetgrikh. — ^The environs of Philadelphia abound in places of sepulture, among which, for beauty of position, are the two principal cemeteries of North and South Laurel Hill, situated on the Schuylkill river, 4 miles north-west from the State House. Wateu Wobks. — Fairmouut Water Works, situoted in the district of Spring Garden, ou the Schuylkill River, about 2: miles north-west of the State House, were, previous to the ereotion of the Croton Works in New York, the envy of the other cities of the Union — Phil- adelphia having been for a long time the only city in the United States supplied with water in this way — and are still justly the pride and boast of Philadelphia, not more for their utility than for the ])ieturesque attractions of the place. It would, perhaps, be difiicult to point out anywhere a spot concentrating In the same space so many elements of the beauti- ful and picturesque. LiBiiARiEs, Colleges, Souools, and Literart iNSTrruTKs. — Philadelphia had long the hon- our of possessing the largest library In the United States. But now the Philadelphia Library, to which we allude, is surpassed in this respect by the library of Harvard College, and the Astor Library in New York. It occupies a plain brick edifice in Fifth street below Chestnut, and was founded, through the influence of P , Franklin, (whose statue adorns a niche in front,) In 1781. The Philadelphia and Loganian Libraries are in the same building, and owned by, and loaned to, the same stockholders. They have, united, about 70,000 volumes. The income of the library is $0,300. Strangers are allowed tlie use of books while iu the building, but they are not to bo taken out except by stockholders, or on deposit of tlielr value. Among a host of other libraries, may be mentioned the Athenteum Library and Reading Room, occupying a beautiful building of light sandstone, in the Italian style, on Sixth street, opposite Washington square. It has about 12,000 volumes on its shelves, and is extensively supplied with maps, charts, and periodicals. The Mercantile Library, situated In Fifth street, opposite Independence square, was es- tablished in 1821, for the benefit of merchants' clerks and other young men. The Apprentices' Library has over 14,000 volumes ; loaned in 1852 to 937 boys and 670 girls. The Friends have an extensive library In Arch street above Third, and one in Race below Fifth. The Academy of Natural Sciences, located on Bond street, near Chestnut, has the largest museum of natural history in America. Professor Agassiz pronounced this institution the best ont of Europe in its collections of subjects of natural history. The Franklin Institute, for the promotion of manufactures and the useful arts, occupies a large building with a marble front, in Seventh street, above Chestnut It holds an annual exhibition of American manufactures. The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, located in Chestnut street, is the oldest Institu- tion of the kind In the United States, and was established in 1807. The Art Union, an association for the promotion of art, has rooms open to the public, where are exhibited annually about 1,000 paintings. PIIILADELPUIA. 66 In medical Rcicnoe, Pliilad«>lp)iia hUikU first of the cltlei of Amoricn, and her medical sclioold are attended l)y students from not only every portion of the Union, but even from Canada, Mexico, and Houth America. Tliero is a homcoopathio hospital, at which the stu- dents attend clinical lectures. The Female Medical College of Vennsylvania, founded in 184U, has had a very prosperous commencement — &'2 studentt ntt> uded the class of 18fil-2. Public HaiooM — The number of buildin)^ occupied for scho '• — many of which ore fine structures, and built with especial reference to complete adaptation for places of instruction — is 180, of which 78 belong to the comptrollers, and 107 are rented. Pliiladclphia abounds also in private schools of a high character. ' ' ' History. — Philadelphia was planned and settled by William Penn and a colony of English Friends, or Quakers, in 1682, after a regular purchase from the Indians, ratified by treaty in due form under an elm-tree in the present district of Kensington. Tlie name of Phila- delphia (brotherly love) was given by Penn, both in reference to the ancient city of that name in Asia Minor, and from its embodying principles he liad so mucii at heart. Philadelphia supports from 12 to IC daily newspapers — one of which, we believe, has the largest circulation of any newspaper in the United States, If further evidence is wanting to give evidence of the commercial importance of this city, we ai)pend a list of the railroads centring In Philadelphia, showing also the cost of these : — R\ILKOADa OKNTKINU IN PHILADKLVniA. Miles Cost. Rending 'J8 |Ui,004,180 Baltimore U8 7,«71i,40fl Columbia 80 5,277,278 Medio l.T 600,000 Morristown 17 4,791,548 Gcrmuntown 7 1,710,812 Nortli Pennsylvania 04 5,106,.342 Rochester 83 $1,348,812 Miles. Cost. Camden and Amboy 08 |5,9BO,502 Philadelphia and Trenton. 30 1,000,000 West Jersey 200,000 Campden and Atlantic . . .00 1,788,171 Total. .587 $58,710,201 Stg. £10,743,200 4». Whilst New York constructed only 84 miles of road during 1856, Philadelphia shows nn increase in 1856, of 426 miles, and in 1857, fully 600 miles. Tlie cost of carriage of a bar- rel of flour from Elmira to Philadelphia is 50 cts., whilst it Is 69 cts. from Elmira to New York, showing a lorge margin in favour of Philadelphia as a port ft the disposal of tiiat article from the lake ports, which are the chief feeders of such as New York and other cities on the seaboard. The canal navigation in connection with Pliiladelphia amounts to 336 miles, in different directions, and was formed at a cost of $24,000,000. (£6,000,000.) Every year, but particularly of late, have the capitalists of the city been widening the facilities afforded by its natural position, so as to . ecuro a much greater amount of traffic with the lake cities than ever it has enjoyed, and there appears great probability, from the new routes opened and connections formed with the west, that they will succeed in accom- plishing their object. The banking capital of Pliilodelphia is $12,000,000 — a comparatively small amount when compared with the city of New York, with its capital of $56,000,000. So long as Phila- delpliia is thus hampered with such small means for carrying on — far less enlarging — a trade, for which she forms naturally so favourable a nucleus, together with her rote of in- terest being one per cent, lower than New York — by which means large amounts of money find their way thither instead of to Philadelphia — it seems reasonable to suppose, that the Quaker City never will attain that commercial position for wealth, commerce, and every thing that conduces to the greatness or prosperity of a large city, till she adopts a different line of commercial poUoy, and enlarges the sphere of her banking institutions. Judging from tlie character of l-jr manufacturers and merchants, we shall be surprised if such uii alteration is not efft^eted before long. To Philadelpliia belongs the credit of making the first move for the abolition of the absurd and hypocritical working usury laws. In the State of Pennsylvania, parties can borrow and lend money upon any terms or rate of interest agreed upon between borrower and lender, and certainly the only rational plan. Ifti 66 BOSTON. CITY OF BORTOy. TiiR city of Bo«ton U tlio third in coinnicrciul impnrtAnce nmnni^rtt tlio louding cities of tlio United Hutcft. It consintB, properly upeolcing, of tliroo diviblons— viz. ; Boston IVopcr, EhhI Boston, and Soiitli Boston. " Tlio streets of Boston were originnlly laid out upon no systeniiillc plan, nnd being no- eoinnuulated to th« unevcnness of the surfuve, many of tliein arc crooked and narrow ; hnt tlieso defects Imvo of Into been remedied to a consideriible extent, so tliat now tlie princi- pal tliorouglifares ure convenient nnd spacious, 'Washington and Treniont streets arc the fashionable promenades. Although Boston Proper is eircuniHcribed in its lindts, it contain* one of the tinest public parlts — the Common — that is to be found in any city of America. Known to the earliest settlers by the name of " Tower Fields," nnd occupied afterwards as a town cow-j)a8ture, Boston Common has siuci! been set apart, ornamented, nnd carefully preserved for the common benetit of tho citizens in all coming time. Nearly 6() acres are inchidelat to tho gentle slope and nl)rupt ascent, 'lowering elms, some of which are n himdred years old, enclose the borders, wliile within, graded walks, iteautifuliy shaded, intersect each other in every direction. Near tlio centre is a small pond, where a fountain of Cochit- iiate sends up its crystal stream, whirling and >parkling, (50 or 7o feet into the air. The en- tire grounds are surrounded by u costly iron fence, 1U77 yards in length. Tho northern .portion of tho Common, occupying the southern declivity of Beacon Hill, ntTords a tine view of ('liarles River, and the country in tl.iit direction. The space towards tho west, between the Conn on nnd Charles River, is neeujiied by n botanic gardun, covering about 25 acres. Other public grounds linve been liiid out in tho newer portions of the city, some of which are beautifully ornamented, and hive fuuntnins in the centre, " Boston harbour opens to the sen between two points nearly 4 iiiiles distant from e/ich other — Point Alderton on Nantaskot, and loiiit Shirley in Chelsea. It is sheltered from tho ocean by tho peninsulas of which these two points are tlie extremities, and a large number of islands, between wliicli are three entrances. The main passage, which is about 3 miles S. E. from tho navy yard, and so narrow as scarcely to admit two vessels to pass abreast, lies between Castle and Governor's islands, and is defended by Fort Independence nnd Fort Warren. A passage north of Governor's Island is also protected by Fort Wur- on. A new fortress, of great size ond strengtli, now nearly completed, on George's Island, guards the cntrnnco to tho outward or lower harbour. The entire surface included within Point Alderton nnd Point Sliirley is estimated at 76 square miles, about half of which affords good anchorage ground for vessels of the largest class. It is easy of access, free from sand-bars, and seldom obstructed witli ice. The whole is thickly studded with islands, and is the reservoir of several small streams, among which are the Mystic, Charles, Neponset, and the Manniiquot Rivers. " Among the public buildings, the State Ilouse, from its position, is the most conspicuous. It stands on tlio summit of Beacon Hill, fronting tho Common. The view which is afforded from the cupola is unsurpassed by any thing in the United States, if not in the world. On tlie north towers Bunker Hill monument, marking the place where the first great battle of the Revolution was fouglit. On the entrance-floor stands a fine statue of Washington, by Chantrey. Tlio representatives' hall is in the centre on the princijial floor, the senate- chamber in the east, nnd the governor's and council chamber in tho west wing. The old State Ilouse is still standing at the upper end of State street, on the site occupied as the seat of government in Massachusetts 140 years. Faneuil Hall, the " Cradle of Libert}'," as it is called, is an object of much interest, as being the place where the orators in the doys of Hancock and Adams roused the people to resistance against British oppression. Faneuil Hall Market, immediately east of Faneuil Hall, on Dock street, was nt the time of its erection the handsomest market hnnse in the United States. It is upwards of 600 CITY OF BOSTON. 57 feet lonx, SO feet wl, nnJ two «torloi lii(y u domo, tlie top of which U 00 feet from the ground. Tho foundation rests upon :<()<)() piles. Its length lit 140 feet; width, Ineluding the projections of tlie croi«i«, 90 feet Kueh front has a portico of six Doric columns — each a I'iiiglu Htone, costing about f 5,000. Tlio entire cost of the building was upwards of f 1,0()(),()00. The Mcrcliaiits' Ex- change is n magniflccnt fire-proof building, situated on tho south side of Slate street. It has 76 feet iVont, ond extends bacit 'J60 feet to Lindall street, covering 13,000 feet of ground. Tlio front is composed of (iuincy granite, with four pilasters, each u single stone .|5 feet high, and weigliing about 60 tons. Tho roof is of wrouglit-lron, covered with galvanized sheet-iron. Tho great central hall, 80 feet by fi8, is occupied as the Merchants' Exchange and reading-room. In llio Imsemcnt is tho city |iost-ofl!ee. The Ixulding was iinlslied in 1842, and cost, exclusive of tho ground, $175,000. The City Hall, a gnuiito building, con- sisting of an octagon centre with wings, is located on a plat of ground between Court square and School street, Tho Court House, also of granite, is In Court square between tlie City Hall and Court street. It contains tho rooms of tho city, county, and United States courts. The City I'rison, consiHting of » centre building in tho form of an octagon, with four wings extending in opposite directions, is near the foot of Cambridge street. Masonic Temple, in which the Freemasons have a lodge, is on Tremont street, fronting tho Common. Tho new Tremont Temple, erected on tlie site of tho one burnt in ISit'i, is on Tremont street, opposite the Tremont House. The Uosfon Music Hull, eoinpleted in 1852, fronts both on Winter street and on Buinstead Place. The length of the central hall is 180 feet; width, 80 feet; height, (15 feet. " In Boston there arc nearly a hundred churches of the various denominations. "The wharves and warehouses of Boston are on a scale of nuignitiide and grnndcur sur- passed by no other city oi' equal population. The north and cost sides of Old Boston ore lined with wharves ond docks, which, taken together, make up nn aggregate length of over 5 miles. " Institutions. — Boston contains a great number of literary, eeientiiic, ond educational in- stitutions, among which may be mentioned the Boston Atlicnreum, incorporated in 1807, situot ' on Beacon street. Tho Massachusetts Historical Society, organized in 1790, pos- sesses a library of 7000 bound volumes, and about 460 volumes of manuscripts, together with nn extensive colleetion of pnmplilets, maps, charts, coins, and other relics. The Bos- ton Library Society, founded in 1702, have a hall in tho Tontine buildings, and a library of over 12,000 volumes. The American Academy of Arts ond Seienees has a library of 8000 volumes. Excepting the American I'hilosophical Society at I'hiladelphia, this is the oldest orgaidzation of the kind in tho United States, having been founded in 1780. The Mercantile Library Association, instituted in 1820, has a collection of upwards of 13,600 volumes. The first Mechanics' Apprentices' Library Assoeialion ever organized was estab- lished in Boston in 1820. The origin of this class of institutions is traced to l)r, Franklin. Efforts are now being made to establisli a Free City Library, towards which the contribu- tions have been very liberal. The Lowell Institute was established by John Lowell, jun., who bequeathed to it a legacy of $250,000. The bequest provides for regular courses of free lectures, to be given upon natural ond revealed religion, physics and chemistry in their application to the arts, and numerous other important subjects. There ore also many other similar societies, such os the New England Historical and Genealogical Society, the Boston Society of Natural History, the American Oriental Society, tlie American Statistical As- sociation, the Boston Lyceum, the Handel ond Haydn Society, the Musical Educational Society, and the Boston Academy of Music. " Closely identified with the history of Boston is her system of public instruction. Ever r^i r-» 68 CITY OF 308TON. ■J J \ f~ \ qlierinhuil with nmtoriml euro, hvr kcIiuoIji )iav« luii)( buen oriianionU tu tiiti city, and tliu pritlt) of Nt'W Kiigluiul. An .ui-ly an liins, tliu town recunlit bviir evidonuu to tliu VMtab- lUhiiu'iit of a " fr«'u ivliool," urid from tliitt hour to tlu; pruMviit, no interoiit hua reculvad nioi't! c'lU'noHt attention than thu lulijuut of uducntlon, Tho nyDtuni conipi'luvn four ){rad«»— primary, (grammar, Iiigh, ond Littin M-hooU. Tht'ro uru about luu prinmry, and 21 gram- mar MihooU Thu hl((h and Luliu m'IiooU are vxclusivi-ly for boyi, Tliu suh(H>l oommittou coiiiiUtit of tho mayor of thu uity, the pronident of thu common council, and 24 other per- sona chosen for thu purpose. "Tho benevolent inititutionn of Donton nru numerous and well undowed. Thu MasMtchu- ■utts Ocnerul Ilotipital occupies a plot of f«>ur acreit of ((round in the western part of tho city, on the right bunlc of Charles River. The building Is couHtruclud of Chelmsford grun- ite, 274 feet long, and 04 wldu. Thirty thouttand dollars have been contributed since 1H48 for thu support of this institution, by a »inglu individual, the Hon. William Appleton of Boston. The McLean Asylum received its name from John McLean, Esq,, of iiuston, a Ul>- eral benefactor of thu General Hospital. Tho Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asy- lum for tho lillnd occupies the fine building formerly known as tho Mount Washington house, in Houth Boston. In addition to other contributions, it receives $0uoo annually from tho Htate. Tho average number of pupils Is about 100. There are also located in Houth Boston, tho Boston Lunatio Hospital and the Houses of Industry and Keformatlon. In tho western portion of thu city is tlie Boston Eye and Ear Infirmary, and in tho southern part the New England Female Medical College. "Tlicrc are issued in Boston about 100 periodical publications, treating of almost every subject, whether of news, art, literature, or science. Of these, more than twelve are dal- lies. Among tho others, are comprised several of the most distinguished literary and sci- entific journals in the United States. "CoMMEBLE, Finance, mc. — In commercial importance, Boston is among tho first cities of America, Her foreign conmiercc has always been great, and extends to almost every na- tion on the globe. Her coast trade is always immense. Along the wharves, in every di reetion, and at all times, may be seen forests of masts, and vessels from all parts of tiie world. « There were, in December, 1862, 30 banks in Boston, with an aggregate capital of $24,(>iiO,(X)0, Several other banks have since gone into operation. There were, also, 18 insuruncc companies. "Tlic want of river advantages is supplied to Boston by railroads, of which seven great lines terminate in this city. There are lines of railway, recently completed, opening com- munication with tho St. Lawrence River at Ugdensburg in New York, and La I'ralrio in Canada, and another through Maine, to Montreal. "The ])euinsula on which Boston is situated furnishes large quantities of excellent water. "The first blood shed in defence of American liberty was shed in Boston, and throughout the entire war no people contributed more largely towards Its support. Boston continued a town until its population had increased to nearly 45,000. In 1856, the population wu 162,629." BALTIMORE. CITY OP BALTIMORE. nALTiMoHc, tho " Monumental City" of the United HtBte«, rarikit amungtt th« iiiixt Ini- portnnt conimorclal ultlu* In the Uulun, " The vlty Id adiiilrultly iltuateJ both for foreign and Internal commerce. Tho hay oround which It U built, tttfordR a secure and upacluu* harbour, and It Imi coniuiunlcotiun by rnll- wny not only with Philadelphia and Washington, but with 'Winchciter, Annn|)oliH, Cum- berland, Fruderlck City, York, Lauooster, and Ilarrltburg, The llrnlti of the city compriito about 1(),(H)U acrua of land, extending about four mllei and a half from cant to west, and three and a half from north to couth. It cuiitlited originally of more than fifty elevation* or hilli, aeparated by abrupt valleyi, or ravines, and, In • few instances, by formidable mamhcs, while, nearly in the centre. It Is divided by • rapid stream of water known as " Jones's FulU" This stream has several times overflowed its banks, causing loss of life, us well as occasioning a groat damage to property. The city authorities have in cnnKcriuencu been at great pains to remove all obstructions from Its bod, and have taken care that the numerous brIdguH by which tho stream Is crossed, should be constructed with a single orch, and of such a height as to remove all further danger from this source. The city caxt of Jones's Falls is divided into two parts— Fell's I'olnt and the Old Town. The Point U the most easterly portion of Baltimore, and has the advantage of greater depth of water at the wharves than tho upper harbour contains. It is the resort of seamen and immigrants, and the place where the greater i)art of the shipbuilding and manufactures of the city uru cur- ried on. Old Town lies nortlt and west of this, and is principally inhabited by niechanicA and labourers. The portion west of " the Falls" is likewise divided Into two purts, tho City Proper ond Spring Gordon section. The former is the centre of trade, and contains most of the residences of the more weolthy citizens. Hprlng Garden section is the extreme south- weatcrn quarter, and Is Inhabited chiefly by mechanics and labourers. From tlie number and prominence of its monuments, linltlmore has been denominated the Monu- mental city. The most remarkable of these is the Washington Monument, whlcli stands on an eminence at the intersection of Charles and Monument streets, about 160 feet above lii^h water murk. Its base, 20 feet high and 60 feet square, supports a Doric column 107 feet In height, surmounted by n statue of Washington 13 feet high. The shaft, 20 feet square at the base and 14 at the top. Is ascended by means of a winding stairway within. The wliolo is composed of white marble, and cost $200,000. Its summit commands a beautiful and varied prospect. " Batilk MoNiMHCT, at the corner of Calvert and Fayette streets was erected in 1815, to the memory of those who fell while defending the city from the attack of the British, Sep- tember 12, 1814. "The Aiihistead Monument, a beautiful specimen of sculpture, near the city fountain, was erected to the memory of Colonel George Armlstead, tho conmiander of Fort Mcllenry, when bombarded by a British fleet, in September, 1814. " Among the public edifices of Baltimore, may be named the City Holl, on Holiday street, occupied by the city council and public oflices. The Court House, a commodious edifice at the corner of Washington and Lexington streets, contains the rooms of the city and county courts. The State Penitentiary, at the corner of Madison and Forrest streets, consists of three separate buildings besides the workshops. A short distance from the Penitentiary stands the County Prison, a handsome building, surmounted by u cupola, and ornamented with o tower at eoch end in the form of an octogon. The Exchange, in Guy street, near Water, is a spacious structure, 226 feet in front, 141 in depth, and three stories high above the bosement. The south wing, fronting on Lombard street, and entered from Water street, is occupied us a Custom House. Among tho first objects thot strike the attention of one approaching the city, are the shot tovwrs, one of which — the Merchants' Shot Tower, is the highest in the world, having an elevation of 250 feet. The most imposing church edifice in Baltimore is the Iloman Catholic oathedral, on Mulberry street, between Charles and i: :li ;> Wm. OHANUE * €'0., Shipping A CoMMissloB Nf rehanlSf 3 Kiohauffl Placet, Baltimore. Muprrlor Hy« Wlibkjr, frinch anil DnniMlIc llrnnill«i, (lliii, Wliici, ( liUr ami Wlilla Win* Vlii«- |iir, ClKitri, lliiri* Diut, •iipcrli l'lini|ihkt« of Lliii«, (luiiiiu, kc, coMtaiitly on h*nil at lownit prlvvi. MAnEU II. BOHLCV, COMMIHHION MI-ilUJIIAN'l, 131 & ISO Norlh Nt., Baltimore, BoUciti coDilgnnienti of all kinili of Vountr/ Ihroduot. CAFRON 4k CO^i ooMMisaxoir mbrobantb, ON Nouth iiRf it., Baltimore. ADiM INIVRLT. 1. W, COOd. HNIVELY 4c COOME, OOMMIttlON MERCHANTS, S OommwM RrMt, Baltimorf. P. 8AUERWEIH ft SON, flour and (leDeral ConmiissioD Nfrehintg, 101 Horth Howard It., Btltlmon. BR0THCR8 BONINQCR, OtnM rou CAI.K roHKKIN >:Xl IUMI»>4 ON all III* I'rliii'liinl t lili'i nf Oi>riii»iiy, mi ami uii Am.Unlaiii, Vi (IKKMA.N HTIIKKT, U|ialaln, I'arU, PHILIP UOVEK A CO., iiiNNKa iir Baltlmort ft Horrlfon Iti., Mtlmoct. alt), M, Mi'Mi'M, tniM. II KaMr, 4*. KUS8UM & KEMP, ATTOBNETS AT LAW, DBKTON, MARTLAITD, will practlca In Caroline, Talhot, ami Qutrn Ann* Countlvi, anrl will give iiieclal and |iroinpl attentlun to th« (.'ollectlun of Clalnii. NirmtNcit. BaUlmor*. 7*IIILAIID, Ciuii k Co., WlltTKLT llaiM. ikHTONI, MiTCHILL, HkAHI M t'u., DllVALL A Iul.«HANrT, J. 0. HaujiAN A Bom. PilWILI, k rncilRAN, firaicT k Hon, lll'NIlT k <''. Tliomai, Charlei llofftnan, II, J. Werilebaugh, Auguitui Bhrlrcr, Matthtaa Benilnger, Wm. O. Power, Elliha II. Perklui. CHARLfci^ D. DEFORD A, CO., Tobaooo CoiiiiiiiMion Merohaato, And Importera of Havana Ctgan and Leaf Tobacco, ST Houlh Oay Micet, Balllmo w. J08HIJA WALKER, COMMISSION MKIIOHANT, 110 North Howard Btreet, Baltimore. Dealer In Flour, Feed, Hay, Ac. BROW^N~BilOTHBR8 di CO., 152 Baltimore St., Baltimore, ISSUE CREDITS FOR COMMERCIAL AND TRAVELLING PURPOSES, Jtmilmbit in mny Part of tht WforU, WM. W. LAWhASo:'. ClIAS. r. BMITU, LAWBASON & SMITH, STO( K AND DiLL DRUKRItS, No. 8 FRANKLIN Bulltilnga, Ncrth btreet, Uitltlmore. J. B. H'oINR. J. S. p. BOCLDEll' ]«IcGI741V ^k BOULDEN, STOCK AND IIILI, BROKEKS, No. 6 FRANKLIN Buildings, North Street, Baltimore. QBOEO E HAK LAH WILLIAUS, Secretary^ NOAII WALKER & CO.,~" CL0THIF.R8, WASIIINdTON BUILDINOS, BAL- tlmore Street, between Light A Calvert Btreeta, Baltimore, Maryland. ^EiMSTRONO, CATOB & CO., 237 BALTIMORE ST., BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. RIBB~ONS, BONNET MATEBIALS, PLUMES, TIUCIIES, STRAW BONNETS, &o., Comprising a complete stoclc of MILLINERY GOODS. A very large itocic of New Ooodi now on exhibition, P. W. BRVNE dc SONsi MARYLAND STEAM SUGAR REFINING COM- pnny, O'Donnell'ii Wharf, Baltimore, Manufac- ture all kinds of Keflned Sugar and Syrup. il u-> .1 ' it WM. 1. »L*IIT. •■. O. ■OHDUT, J». WM. B. BLANET * CO., CkMnmiMdon BK^rohanti^ ■ ALTIMORK. RBntRKNCM ; Mi>win. M. Flald. FuwUr A Co., Dotton. Mttun. Wiu. n»\mgtir A |{rt>., I'hIUdcl. H. II. FUl.l, EW, New York. Utmn. W. K Vr«d«nburirh A Oa, New OrU-ani. MDMr*. Hnrikin A Uartln, WUmtnKton, N.C. Mt««r*. IVnii A Mitchell, lUltiinore. It. k. IIOIIIIIMIII. WHEATLET ft MORRISON, OommlMdon Mmrohanti^ 59 COXMERCB NTRKKT, ■ ALTIMORH, MU. Ctl»unr«T nrnoki, bq. , P?Miit*nl nt th« ■, A O. R. R. C»>, mill WviUrn naiik, Kolllinor*. Panl«l Millar ACo., Drjr (Inoila M*rchiinl, llitltlmnr*. 0«ilflr«* Knonti, Km., CaihUr »l U«ntr»l Kenh, rt»(Ut\ek (My, Nil. A. II. lUrr, Kill., lurnor'i ftftj, VIrglnl*. UoD. Iilwaril Ball, ZmiHvlU*, Ohio. Ooaiignmwtt MMM. #'»Mi4Mf If 04. CHmrtmr ftrpttuml, mmf^ ^V. IB itoM* Mrcar, TIIK nAl.TIMOKR RgtllTAHLR HOCIRTV will Iniiir* llnuui •nil rurnlliir* frnm Lom or l)itmH|[* by rir», ■! nrjr rlmap rMw, nn the Mutual nr llviirfleUI plan, anil grant Carpantcn' Kkka, nn |ilt>a*liig Umu, Owiirn iif |>rn|i«rty Inaurtil In th* Ki|ultabl« Offlr*, (on tlm mutual priiicliila) liavti nn riirthrr ra- •pumlblllty than tha amount iif lliair dapoalta, anil un tha tiplratinn of pollelaa, thajr ar* anlltlail to racairt • caah illvlilanil of twentv-aWht par eanl. Tha publle ara raapaelfulbr Invltaii to call at tha offloa. No. 19 Routh Mraal, wliara tha prlnclpla* on which tha Company Inaura will be fUUy tiplalned. DIRIOTOIia. That. Kalao, I Jamae Prailar, I Bai\J. Dafnril, Wm. Kannaily, Chaa. R. Carroll, Vamual KIrby, llanry Klaman, Auitin Janklni, MIchaal Warnar, VKANCIB A. C'ROUK, Tr*a»itrtr. IIUMII B. Denial Dall, Rnhart A. Uobliln, Daiili'l Warflelil. JOSn, tkcrttary. IH. ROBERTS, PRODUCE AND COMMISSION MEKGHANT, No. 68 CALVERT STREET, (Oa< ilMir ham rrnM MtmI,) BAiyriMOHK. An exparlenca of 90 yaan, •• City end County Merchant, olTan to country Oealar* and Permara un- ■urpawad adventafai In the lupply of thair wenli. THVRSTOnr * FRVE, COMMIMION MBR<'IIANTt), fOlt TIIK H.VI.R of Rtraw flonili, Wniil ami tut IUt>, lUt Trim- minp, ArtlBclal Ploware, Ac, 11 tluuth C'liarlaa Mtraat, BelUmure. OERISH * FRENCH, CtOMMIWION MRKCIIANTR and Uealcrt In Mack- ) arel, Oodllih, Uarrlof, Ac., 99 Uommaroa Htraal, Baltimore. BALTIMORE STOVE HOUSE. BIBB ri)M ■uriiiiiiiiiiliiK llm ilumr, Tlii> UnttnrlMn I'liiirch, Nt ih* ooriK'r of Iraiiklln aihI Clinrlv* itronU, U riiufli •ilnilri'<| for lu •rvhiluutiir*. It U Ion ht% lunif mill 7H wi'lo, witli n iloitii* ftA frol In 'r, ■ii|i|nirli|iiil I'liiiri'liiiii lli<> <'iiriii>r of MnrotuKii mul (Imrli-* ■tii'i'tji, llin Ktrat I'riolivti'rlitn t'liiii'i'li, fiiriii>r i>f Nitrlli mill Kuyottx alrPKl*, llm I'lntt ltii|ill«l Cliiircli, nt tlm ciiriM'r »( |.iiiiiliiir>l itml Mlmrp ktri' .t", ami llu- lii'itniui Uffiniiii'il Cliuri'li, In Stu'inul, lifiwcon Uiiy mul ll«'lvl<|i'rf «tr<'i«lii, iir<' III! ilUtln)(iil>lii'i| i-itliiT fur )'l)'t{niii-i' ur tlu'lr dI) U> of iiri'lilti'i-tiiri*. Ai tlii> \»tl ei>n>u*, Itiiltlniiirc ciintalnril t*U (!liiircli«' varlou* . " IxnTiTUTiiiNii, — Tim viliicntliiiiitl, liti'riiry, nnil Id'tiovitlvnt liiatltiillun* of H«liliiiiirt> urn nil- ini-i-oii«. Thii Mi'iIIi'hI SoIiooI of tlui lliilvcritlty of Miiryliiml wn* foiiiiil«t, livtwi'i'ii On-cn itiiil I'aca nti'i'i'tit'. (•oiin>'<'t<'il wllli It U till' llaltltiioi-i< Ky*' nnil Knv liilinnary, wIipi'o ttu- ilcnl* liiivt* an o|i|i a unlii' of lounm in tin* Atlii'iiii'iini, at tin* forncfjif I.<'xlii);ton mul St, I'aiil Ktri'i't*, Itn olijvct U, tliii illll'nitlon of imcfnl knowlnlK*' ainl the |iri>inotlon of tlm ini^ clianic artf. It |hiim><>mi'ii nn cxti>ri»lvu vlicnilcal laliorAlory, uml n vory iMini|)|i>t<> |ihllo«o|ih- leal K|i|im tuipi. Tli» l)nlliy no, ami tlrt In hi'l^lit. It Witt (Miinpli'tnl In IN'IH, at n ciml of over 9'<2^>"*i*>' 'll>** vnrlomt a|iartnii'nt.ii, lit^i>iili'i« tlioiio a|ipro|irlati'il to tlio iixo of tlio lni, am oounpli'il l>y tlio .Mi'ri'antlli> Axioi'iation, who Imvo a W('ll'«i'!c't'ti>(l lll>rary of HIHmi voJtiniiM, ami an aniplii iiu|i|ily of tlio oliolntt iiiaKiizliit'lt ami |ia|it'ri« of tlu> day; tlitt llaltiniori< Fiilirary ('i'iii|inny, |)imiii'« >'ki« to tho piriiiilidilA and nowapaporn, froo of oxponao. Tlio llaltltnnro Ilo'pllnl, In tho noitli-wi'ilcrn auliiirli of tlio oily, ooiinUta of a oontre Imildln^, four ittorloa lii.iiu'ioua ){rf imr Irii* «>iin». nti>rvlal irr«atn*M, ami th«ra U n»thlnK now (h«l Min turn u« Iwck. Th« wlau#anUa, IiciIJm ntany Inauranpa attanaltit i " Maltlmnra «nji>)« «u|i»rlur a wltlitn 'JO inlUa uf tba pUy. Niiin«niua onlton and other manii* fa«toria« ara alio In opcrallun. " ThU (til baa an almmlant *u|i|>ly of pura watar, both frxni Hprln^a and f^oni Jonaa'a K'alU Tb<'*" •|irtnK*, or fountalna, ara In dllT»r«nt |)arta of tba city, ami arnilnaad with plrriilar Iron ralllnK^ Ovar thain ara •mall opan tainplty plllara, Tha watar from Jonaa'a Falla la liroiiifbi by maana of an a(|iiailuat, about half a inila lonir, to a rt'irrvolr In Calvprt atrxa'l, and firom thancn l« nundiialail throuKh dUtrtbutInK plpxa to tbtt vurloua parta of tlia city. Tba tn«ra alavati-d (lortlona, bownvar, ara iu|ipllad from a rt'icrvolr ri'pli'* tha |MMltli>n itf ill* Kr«al**l onttun iiiarllat hi Iha wwrlil. "Tlia I'liy I* liwllt arimml • liaml tn tli* rlv«r, fritin whinit nlroninHanii* U Im* ten ■!•• iiiifiiln*(r( ili« MI<>lMl|>|t| l<)w«rra*ant IniimUltona, an aiiilNinkiiianl or l«vi-", ulioiit IS faat will* mill rt fai't, IiIkH Ima l>aan mlaatl, •«tanl In I'ort rUi|iirinlriK, 4:1 iiillva lialiiw It TliU furina » i|«llKhtfiil |ininirn«|Mialta Naw Orl««ii«, Urifa <|iMnlU|aa raplil that It haa Itavn naraaaary, within a faw yaara, to liiillil |illi haan Krailiially wlijunatl, m that an atai| ln'twaan tha city ami tha rlvir iliiring tha |iaat yrar, " ilt'rii may lix •itii what ffaw ()rl<>aiia waa hafora tha a|i|illt>atliin of ataani to nnyli{iiilon, IliinilraiU of lohK, narrow, blaak, « lla aluKicUhly, wliliniit nioorlnK*, upon tha toft liattura, ami |Miur out thxlr oontanta ii|Min the quay — a hataro|(>'ti>'ciii« i'oin|Hniiii| of tha proUucti of tha llppvr Mlaalaalppl anil Iti trihiitarli'a, Thi'ro arn rnf)*, or tint lionta, a* lh«y ara ti'ulinloally callail, vavh fri«iuantly oarrylnit carxoaa valiH'il nt from fn,(MNi to flS.iMNt, Twiinty yaara ago, ami thnaa warn tha only craft on thrl nor haa their niiiiiker b««n ilovrvaaad aloau tha Intrmliicllon of tha ataanilioat. Not l<alKlit uf 3,iMJ0 Imlaa — flHO.iXXM Twanty mora lia ihle liy ihla lan tho quay and heaped up— a largn area I* covered with thcao two prmluot* of the up-country, and atlll appears leeniliiKly undltulnUlied, althou|{li thu seller, thu buyer, and drayman are busy In the midst of It. Hero Is n boat fri'l»(lited with lead from Oalana, and another brln|;« furs and peltry from tho head waters of tho MlHsourl, .'1,000 miles to the north-west 1 The Illinois, the Olilo, tho Missouri, the Arkansas, and Red Itlvor, all aro tributaries tu this commercial de|M>t, and send down to its wharvea merclinntnblo material of the annual value of $1oo,(hh),oix), moro or leas. Nearly 'Jo,(XM) miles of Inland navigation Is tributary to this city. The quay appropriated to tlio foreign and constwlso shipping; presunts another and a dltfercnt scene. Here tho cotton bale, tobacco h(iK»head, pork and Hour barrel, and the whisky cask, yield to bales of foreign nnd domestic iiiunufactures, pipes of wino, and crates of wares, Thu shipping stretches away as fur ns the eyo can reach, two miles or moro In extent, thrco tiers deep, with their heads to the current curving with the river — a beautiful crescent. Tlie English, tho French, the Hpnnlsh, the Dane, the Russian, tho Hwede, the Hollander, etc., are here commingled, nnd compete for the commerce of tho teoming West. Tli© old city proper, originally lalil out Jiy the French, Is In the form of n parallelogrom, 1820 yards long and 7oO yards wide. Above this arc wliot wero formerly tho faubourgs of St. Mary, Annunciation, nnd Ij» Course ; bo- low, Marigny, Dounols, and Dcclouet ; and In the rcnr, Tr, making a sum total of $70,389,349. CEMETERY, NEW ORLEANS. 67 I AVEiNUE IN THE CEMETERY, NEW ORLEANS, WITH SEPULCHRES ABOVE OROUNO. " A.iy description of New Orleans would be incomplete without some notice of its ceme- tei'lc'i, many of wliich ore un'.quo in plan and method of interment. ' Each is enclosed with o brick wall of arched cavities, (or ovens, as they are here called,) made just lar^ro enough to admit a single coffin, and raised tier upon tier, to a lieight of about twelve feet, with a tiiickuess of ten. The whole inclosure is divided into plats, with gravelled patlis. intersecting eoch other at right ongles, and is densely covered with tombs built wholly above ground, and from one to three stories high. This method of sepulture is adopted from necessity, and burial under ground is never attempted, exce[)ting in the " Potter's Field," where the stranger without friends and the poor M'ithont money find tin uiiocrtniu rest; the water with which the soil is always saturated, often forcing tlie coffin and its con- tents out of its narrow and shallow cell, to rot with no otlier covering than the arch of heaven.' Above we give an illustration o{ one of the avenues in the. Cemetery, engraved from a photograph taken there last year, showing the sepulchres above ground. "Algiers, a flourishing village, or rather suburb of New Orleans, is situated opposite to the city, with which it is connected by a ferry. It has several ship ;, ards and manufactur- ing establishments. " Gas was first employed to light the city in ISSt ; an ^uintions, there would be a gradual and steady advance in the liealth of the city during tliu warm months; but the past year has disappointed those hopes, the epi- demic having appeared in a furnj iia malignant as it is in general Its introduction, how- ever, it is stiid con be traced to ftn infected vessel from South America, where a fever of an unusually fatal character lm« prevailed. " Perhaps no city of the Union is so diversified in its population. The sunny isles of the Antilles, Mexico, Central America and South America, France, and Spain, and the other States of Europe, and the sister States northward, have each representatives among the lu- habitnnts. The colored races, however, preponderate, and slave or free make up one-half at leant Of the white races, the American, French, and Spanish constitute the larger por- tion, «nd in these classes are found what mny be denominated the aristocracy. The Irish here, as in other quarters, though forming a large class, are but " the hewers of wood and drawers of woter" — the laborers and levee-men, respectable only on election day, and among themselves. Tlie English and Scotch are few in prupoition, and are chiefly con- nected with the foreign commerce, as merchants or factors, seldom remaining longer in the city than is necessary for the transaction of their particular business; or remaining only during the healthy months of spring and winter. This admixture of races is in some degree embarrassing ; so many languages, various customs and manners, and in habits so different, no thorough amalgamation can take place ; and it is even necessary to support newspapers and periodicals of different languages, each of which, in its opinions and ideas, is at variance with the otlier. " New Orleans is famous in history as the place designated to become the sent of the mon- archy intended to have been established by the treason of Aaron Burr. During tlio month of Januory, 1804, the citizens were in a state of continual alarm : volunteer companies ond otlier troops constantly patrolled the streets, ready to suppress the first attempt at insur- rection. That year it was made a port of entry, ond the next (1805) New Orleans wos in- corporated as a city. Tlie population is estimated at 175,000. " Distance from New Orleans to the mouth of the Mississippi, 100 miles. Southwest from New York, 1603 miles. Southwest from ■Wiisliington, 14S7 miles. Soutliwest by west from Charleston, 779 miles. Soutli southwest from Pittsburg, 2025 miles. South by west from Chicago, 1628 miles. South from St. Louis, 1200 miles. South by east from St. Anthony's Falls, Minnesota, 2000 miles." I c* c^ and prot- ,re«l In tlie B» that are coUinatetl, : climate, which our vlty. Du- nce for all, venicnte In alth of the is, the epl- Btlon, how- fever of an Isltfg of the I the other long the iu- ip one-half larger por- The Irish f wood and a day, and chiefly con- )ngcr in the ttinlng only some degree so different, newspapers at variance of the mon- 5 the month npantes and pt at insur- ;ang was in- thwest from y west from y west fi'om Anthony's WE8TRAY, GIBBES & HAROCASTLE, COMMISSION MKKCIIANTS New York. Refer- ancvi — Lumailun Kundall « Co., New Orleans. OlJiVIA A niASlCH, COMMISSION MRKCIIANT8, nnil Importers of Jluvnnii C'tgan uiitl Prodiica, 10 Tolinupltouliu street, corner of Umvler, New Orleans. J. uuM.k. r. MiSKn. OZX.A.S. c N OTTON KACTOK anil CommlMloD tierohant, 88 Onrondolet atreet, New Orleans. A. COmmANDElJR, OTAKY PUBIJU niul CommNxloner of Deeds, 88 Uravler street, New Orleuiia. N J. W. BRBBDLOVB, OTARY PUBLIC and OonrnilMloner of Deeds, lUl Uravler street, New Orleans. n/> CAMP STUKKT, up atnlrd. Dealer In all VInds 0\} or TOBACCO, both In hlida. and balea, aiiltnhle for the Mexican Market, Pluutatlon uac, and Cigar purposes. JOHN WOOD, DEALER IN GOLD & SILVER BULLION, UNCURRENT BANK NOTES, Land Warrants, Treasury Notes, Gold Duat, Ac, 33 Camp Street, con of Common St., NKW OULEANg. E. CMKVALIER. CHEVALIER T. O. LAUUHUN. ft LAUOHLIN, Florida Ve.ilow Pine Lumber Vard, Cor. of Carondelel Walk A ItoberUon Ktreet, OLD BASIN, NEW ORLEANS. Superior Dreaaed, Tonsued and Orooved Flooring and Ceiling, Shingles, liutha, Cypreaa Deck-1'lank, and a general aaaurtnient of Bulliiiug Lumber, r: Thiiiiia* Dyer, Esq., ClilcaKu; B. f. Lawrence, Eluln; N. Coruith kCo. ; B. H. Campbell, Kaq„ Galena, Iliiuoia. Slraight, Uemiiig k Co., Cincinnati. "oEo. w, cimci & co^ CommiBsion and Forwarding 3 Front Sffcef, .YVit) Orleans, N. B.— Poraoiia ahippinit iromla. mernhandiao, be, tu ua. oitl\er lor sale or rualiipineut, will liitvu the aaiiiv pruiiiplly uiul lalllifully attonilnd to. Buliut Kitiiiilud directly iii front ol the principal river pnrketa, w« liuve at all tlniea tliii inoaiiN of stiippiiiff ilirect from the vefsela. tlittreiiy avi>ldinir tlitt delay and extra expense usually clnirKed by otiiera in tair line of bM^iness; and we wlsii It diHtiiiclly umiurstiHKl by all who may feel disposed to favour us with thiiir linsniHas, that wu will not, under any nircuinstancea, vnry In onr uiuirvus, which are as lollows, viz. ; for ri'ship. pliiY KisHia in boxes. Iiarruls, lioiniliuniiN, bundles, iic. II contH per packitKf, Ini'KO or aiiiull ; roininissions for aeltinff priiduf'u, iiiercliiinilise. Sic., two and u-lnilf pur coiit. Per- sons havlujc tliuir vonua shipped to tmr uddresa, will have the same forwarded on terina not excelled iiy uny other house In this city. OEO. W. Craio fc Co. COI«VEB§, KENIVETT & CO., GHOCKKS and Conimisainn Merchants, .\'>. t>:i Front St root. Now Oriuans. Particular attention paid tu receiving and forwarding goods. Miirshali ,1. Smith,! „ „ Cary W. Butt, > iv,„hil« lli.is It. Foster. Jr. ) "■ "• Uoiwlass Vass, ( "X™'"- MAHSIIAI.L.I S.MITH k CU. New Orleans. Oen- erui Coininisaiuu, Heceiving iind ForK'urdiug Mor- cliunta, Butt, Smith k Co.. Mohilo. Stoplion Prion. F,. K. Cimviirse. Mnrslinll .1. Smith. PRICE, COnrVERi^E & SIUITII, CO.VUIISSION and Fuiwiirillni; Muruliunts, Sti. n Poydrns street, New Orleans. Thuniiis .1. Dix. I). L. Kimlett. DIX & RANLETT, COMMISSION & FORWARDING MERCHANTS, WOOD, HILTENBERQEB & CO., SOUTHERN ORNAMENTAL IRON WORKS, 67 Vamp Stretl, J\'nv Orhnutt ALL STVLKS of Kaiilng, for Cemeteries,' Unilerles, Balconies, Olllcea, Vernnilalis, 4c., from the lightest and most graceful, to the heaviest aiid moat elaborate desigiia. Iron Fouiiluliis, Vases, Statuary, Lions, Dogs, Drag- ons, 4e. Iron Settees, (,'hairs, Tables, Stools, Brack- ets, Lainp-Post«, Klowvr Staniis, Horse Troughs, Hay Racks, llitcliing Posts, Carriage (iatea, Tree Boxes, 4c. Iron .-'laira, atritight and spiral. Ciist-lron Mausoleums, of beautiful design and finish. Corinthian Caps, Columns, 4c., 4c. Our facilities for executing orders for any and every article In the Ornamental Iron way, are second to none, and we Invite the attention of the public to our Hat of Designs, over 80 feet lonj?. It lius n earriaj{e-way of 17 feet broad, with n sidewulli of ;!j feet on cacli side. (See eiij;raviii^ on j)reeedin|i? J>aj?e.) Various l)ranclies of manufacture are oarrieil on — .*ncli n» glass, stones, nails, all Iciiids of iron manufavtnres, some woollen and cotton goods, witli one silk mill. Tile liilis in the immediate vicinity contain iiie,\haustil)le supplies of coal, which supply fuel at a small cost to tho various miinufacturtng esttiMlshnients in AVIieeling, Tlie city is a|)proacliC'd liy tlie Oliio Hiver from I'ittsburg and Cincinnati, whilst rail- way communication is" to be liad from all points to it — from the west us well as seaboard — fiirmliii; as it does, one of the leadinix junctions. Wliei'liiig is one of tlie termini of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 380 miles long, and tinished in ISii'i. Distant from Wheeling, Wl iiiile^; Cincinnati, .^((5 miles; and 85o mill's iiiirtli-west of Richmond, Va. IJesiiles till' county building, there are some 15 churches, several academies, 2 banks and several newspapers. Popuhition, in 1 S.'iO, 1 1 ,."501. Location — capitol of Ohio County, Xn. : lilt. 40^ 7' N'; Ion. 80' 42' W. It i:* situaled on a high bank of the River Ohio, along \v liieli it stretches for al'uiit 2 miles. o p 'A t '^ f' i\ I . t " 72 PlTTSBrKO, PKNNHTLVANU. CrrV OF PITTHUUKCK Thi tr«T»lW aetiunlnUil with th« n(>ourhmHl of th« " Wirk fonn'ry." WtwMn IllrinliiiKliani itnlUy, In HUlTortlalilro, (KiiKlkiui,) will, »u liU vlnU to Uio City of I'ltUliiirg, at unee (iU«4>iiil>l«ti«>o, In iiMiiy r«*|Hitittt to th« itto- trU't* •lliiiluil to. Th<-r« iirit tilt) miiu< rt'd lirlclc lioiinn «nil woriiriliii|Mi, th« Mni« Mnuko, lh« ittMio uimvari •tri<«t* — (Voiii tlic hciivy wt'lKlilx 'Irnwti ovvr Ihviii — nrul nt iilftlit, th>i if\nr<> of tliu Iron fiirniicvi nt work. Thn iitctiiro U, In m«ny r>>«|wr>t*, complvt*, •Vfii t<> th# |HH>r •«)ll of thn hilly miuntry •round Mch— «k |iroulUrlty uliicrvaliU In all •urfnoM whuro un* for«*, nft>-r «l«UlnK »lth*r tho cUI'* on th« ifiibonni, or, pi'rhupi), thi' "lint-wu City of thu Wt'»t," "the Korukt City," or th« "City of thu L*ki l^i lirlil){«>« (iiml ni'W one hulhllng) tlr>nutlAil vnlloy which Ix-ani Ita name. Klthrr from Alti'ithnny City, or thu |M*lnt niid, an cxocllvnt vhiw U oltlnlnvd — hcln)< fur hl)(hor thiiii tlu* vity on tho I'lttitlairit oldit of thtt rlvor, Thtt hoiiutii In I1tt«- hur^oud Alli'^hnny City nro liullt cloitfl up to thu very U^[>» of thu hlll-ildi'«, and prvMinlliig Minit'thin^ of thu app' ariincu which tJiu old town of Edinburgh doua whan viewed from off tlthtT thu Cnlton 11111 or Aitluir'n Scut there. Three of thu inoiit Iniport-niit Hulmrlm urc, Alleghany City, lilrnilnghiun, and Mnnvhuntur. To quotu from a notiuu of this city, thu writer nay*: — "Ttiu tltu of tlio city U H nnturitl ninphlthuatre, being environed on all iide* by beauti- ful hllU, rUIng from 4o() to 600 feet ulxivu thu level of the Ohio, and tilled with coal, Iron, and llmeBtouK, the working of which Into article* of utility comttitutcn tho chief occupa- tion of thu InhabitAtitH. These hllU are nut, except In a few Initanceii, f.recl|)ltuuf, and from their Hlope« and peako, afford a iieriei of rich and vailed landocape*. " i'lttdburg und lt« Huburim contain nhuiit OO churchcK, of which upwardi of 00 are In the city proper. Miiiiy of thenu are choice Rpeclnien* of architectural Itcnuty. " The nmnufactnrcit of I'lttDliurg iiru Inimoniie, and ca|)Ablu of being extended uIinoHt In- definitely. Indeed there U no known llinitu to the clement^ nccoMnry to their augmenta- tion. Wood, coul, ores, mid agricultural retources, all abound In the utmoHt profunlon and at the greatest pofwiiblu convenience. "Tlio annual produce con»i»t8 of bar, rod, hoop, boiler, and sheet Iron, sheet steel, bar steel, nails, spikes, rods, shiifta, anchors, and axles. All tho works for ihese are operated by steam power." There are also in Pittsburg, large foundries, manufactories of glassware, white lead fac- tories, largo cotton factories, copper-rolling mill, eopper-emolting egtnblishment, viol fur- naces, niunufiK'torics of locks, coffee mills, scales, etc., ond several for the production of various articles of steel manufacture, such as springs, siiws, rxos, anvils, ond vices ; and others for making gun-barrels and agricultural utenslk Gas, manufactured from bituminous cool, is furnishud at a comparatively trifling cost, for lighting the city. The Alleghany Cemetery, on the Alleghany River, 2 miles above Pittsburg, U one of the most beautiful places of the kliul in tho world. It comprises 110 acres, tastefully adorned, ond enclosed by a wall of stone masonry. As moy bo well known, Pittsburg was nomed In iionour of the celebrated British prime minister, Willioin Pitt. It was founded in 17C6. Tlie suburban districts of Birmingham together with Alleghany City, form the large and rapldly-increaeing city of Httsburg. In 1853, the population of city ond suburbs was 110,241, olthough it must be considerobly increased since then. M p: L y IIOiniaL. MIKKHIH 4 (0., Waihington Foundry, ENQINC 41. MACHINE Oor, of lkMa4 * H'ruui lu j*li, UNITED STATES (JKADHATKI) LANDS. Ttrelrt and m tialr €'*nlB JAMKS HAUl.U tS CO., rut l.itnik \\f nrltiitl 1ANP AOK.NTM U>t KnlirliiM tlii««rniii*iit l.itiKk i In lh« Watii of MUooirl, liAV* iiip», I MA^irrA( ri'RRN^ «f «»«(« Unitnn kM IkilUri, |nt|,... tl-xn, iiLMll un »t ll« li.-t l»t«il..i« „1 vnvuiil >iitiir Hihl llrUl Mill M.i>lilii<, r.ili.i.. .. N ri». |„|„|, |„ k„„i|„ ,i.i Mluoiirl, •.llhm »,v .rit'l>i illoli, • ihI PTimm, l.«r.l KHIIw, l,«r.l Niri'*. »imI « » lli..l..r«, . ,,rri»iil., nr in.li , \hr, »f, iiiiilil.,^ (.Mrt« •l.llf H »nl ntril nil M«.(.li.^., \mmt» HhI.iU Kniul »U H»|«.I|..m «f tliiitx.fv.l, Uriiilnii liihl iiilii«r»l IuikIi rliliii'*, Biillilliii I ••tlii||», «le ' in«d«. DOUBLE at 8I^GLE CIHCULAR SAW MILLS. An"iiU f, '» lUiHirlor M*i'lilii« I HriU OfflM, 7 Horth Fourth Btrttt, (iifiimiiK Tli», I IX tit Miir>K,) •T. LOUII, MO. MAnWI.r-sritF'KT PTiANINCJ MIIJ., Iltskt^ b.twi*n FIftituth und llxtMuth Itrcati, on Murkot ItrMt, It Loali, MtMoarl. PHILIBERT Sl BRANCONIER, M»«pl«>4>«>«, BiiMr Boiird* A C'ni>liiirM N. R.— Thfjr tolli'lt nr\rn fur wnrliliiK KI.OdlllNd, huvliii n No I Wno|ilii|l, of Kvtii'lii|i ainl JiiUI, Ha-itilllllli( for Pitiinl iinil llim Hliiir, itml Htroll Hitwiiif, for all of wlil<:h ihny itik • aiuru u( piililli' (mlrniiNg*. mi'iAii iMKi WM I'LtRK N r tniiiiiiir.' PEOPLE'S IRON WORKS. OLARK & VOORHIES, MANrrACrrHKRH or muniii KukI'io. Nhw kiuI ()ri«l Mill Miu'liliii'ry, llyilrinilir nml I'iiIhuto I'll !.i.o», MrniiilHiiii Work, mill riMinirliiii In (I'lioiul, AImi, Wliiliny'iil'iiloiilCiri'iilnrNuw Mill, liii*iii« till! Kirloaivii tlYH A tlHO Noi*lh ITIlllll Ntri^Ctt niclii III iiitiiiilki'liirii tliii niiinii ' * HKNIIV .»^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // .*'.<^ <; 1.0 1.1 Ui 121 125 Uj ^^ ■■■ ut lii 12.2 r 1^ |2.o ■!■■ u& IL25 iu 1.6 / '/ Photograiinc Sdences Corporation '13 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4S03 ''4%^ >* I : JOHN J. ANUER80N * CO., AND BANKING BOUSE, CORNM or Main ft Oliv Bti., Bt lonli. BINUIIT, SHAW k Co., I L. A. BINOMT fc Co., CwnpStrMt, N«w OrlMiia. | n Motn Streat. 8t. Lonli. L. A. BENOIST k CO., BANKEBS, DEALERS IN EXCHANGE, Bvlllon A Viieumat Bank Votei, to. JfMRPR W. CLARK, IDWAID DODOI, LUTHCB C. CLARK, IDWARD CHAIl. CLARK, BROTHERS & CO., BANKERS, ROUTBWRST OORNBR Of Main * OUv« StrMta, St. Lonlik SIMONDS & TAYLOR, BANKERS * EXCHANGE DEALERS, IXCHANOI BUILDINGS, Xaiii 8tr«et, Bt Lonit, Xo., BUY AND SELL Sitfat EiohuiRe on nil lh« prlnolMl citlei of the Vulon, it current nitea fur cash. Col- lectton* made throughout the State* and Terrttorlm un &T(inrable terms. HaviDC been unoonnaoted with the lata rerultion, which ha* demonstrated the Inipodilbillty of pajrin* Depost'* and Interest, and redeemlns the Inue* of all snspenuod Stuck Banks, Irredeemable Free Banks, Wild Cut* and Shln- plasten : also, that wealth, credit and capital are not snfavuarus anlnst mismananment of burinem, and real estate unaTsilabl* Ibr roerranti!* pnTroses, wa will re- ceive the deposit* of our customers without interest, and pay In the same kind of funds received, or at their option, convert the same into such fttnds a* they require, at their value, Overdrafts not allowed. ailiLMAN, OOLUER & OO., (Suecesion to W. Otllman,) Wholesale Grocers, FORWARDINfi 8i COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 118 Hocth leeond, eor. of Kngia Sti,, BT. tOUn, 110., Have in Store, and to arrive, a well-aeleoted Stock. To Conntry Merchants* TO THEIR FORMER PATRONS AND TO MERCHANTS GENERALLY, M'OLELLAND, SCRUGGS & CO., OFFER AN nniERBB noez or i^iOH a-oorjs FOB CASH, AT Baatom Jobbers' Prices. ATLANTIC HOTEL, C* McLAVOHLINf Proprietor, CORNIR OF THIRD A. MARKET STt., St. LetUa, MlMoitti. TIIK above large and convenient Hotel ha* btcn thoroughly relllted and ftarnbhed, and U now open for the accommodation of gueet*. SItunted In the mo*t central part of the City, It I* one of the best loealad Hotel* fbr trav*U«ri, tithtr by river or rail. (Eermf: Per Dar 01.50* Per Week 0T.OO to 0.00. Day Board, per Week . . . 3.50. The Hotel Baggage Wagon will be in walling on Uia arrival of the Boat* and Can, to convey baggage to the Hotel. Night Porter alway* In attendanre. FENTON BROTHERS, X>Zi033XTOS COIHRIISSION MBBCHANTS, 78 ZiSTSs * 1S6 Oommerolal St, ■T. LOUIS, MO. CLARENCE DELAFIELD, OOA£X)£XSSXOX3- AMD FORWARDING MERCHANT, NORTH MAIN STREET, 8T. LOUIS, MO. GEORGE H. REE &, CO., HIDE ft LEATHER DEALERS, 76 Herth L«Ta« k Oommtrolal St, ST. LOUIS, HO. MANDEVILLE k TRATNOR, WHOLESALE GROCERS, COMMISSION & FORWARDINB MERCHANTS, 78 Bonth Main Street, 8T, LOUIS, MO. SWALES & CO.; ' Dealers In HIDES, LEATHER & WOOL, 73 NORTH LETEE, AND 146 COMMERCIAL STREET, ST, LOUIS, MO. F. H. LUTTEKCORD, Oonunissioii Merchant, AND DKALCR IM HIDES, LEATHER & HAIR, 67 LEVEE, ST. LOUIS, HO. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. rs cmr OP ST. Louia St. Lovu oooupicf the first plaee amongit the weatern ettlee iltaitted on the MiidMlppi— the grcAt " Father of Wstera"— end trova ita eentral poeltton, the inexhaustible supply of mineral wealth within easy distanoe, the important railroad oonneetlons already opened np to the east, and the last greatest traoiportation triumph achieved only last October— via, : opening of the great Pacific mall route Arom St. Louis to San Francisco, thus Joining the Mississippi with the Pacific Ocean by overland Journey — will all contribute to advance the interests and commereial importance of Si Louis to an incalculable extent. "The site of St Louis rises from the river by two plateaux of limestone formation, the first SO and the other 60 feet above the fioods of the Missisdppl. The ascent to the first plat- eau, or bottom, as it may be termed, is somewhat abrupt ; the second rises more gradu- ally, and spreads out into an extensive plain, affording fine views of the city and river. St Louis extends, in all, nearly ) miles by the curve of the Mississippi, and about 8 miles back ; the thickly-settled portion, however, is only 2 or 2^ miles in length, following the river, and about 1^ miles in breadth. The city is well laid out, the streets being, for the most part, 60 feet wide, and, with but few exceptions, intersect each other at right angles^ Front street, extending along the levee, is upwards of 100 feet wide, and built up on the side fac- ing the river with a range of massive stone warehouses, which make an imposing appear- ance as the city is approached by water. Front, Main, and Second streets, parallel to each other and to the river, are the seat of the principal wholesale busineui The latter is occu- pied with heavy grocery, iron, receiving and shipping housea Fourth street, the fashion- able promenade, contains the finest retail stores. The streets parallel to Front and Main streets are designated Second street, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and so on ; and those on the right and left of Market street, extending at right angles with the river, are mostly named from various forest tree*, similar to the streets of Philadelphia. Large expenditures have been made fh>m time to time in grading and otherwise improving the streets and alleys of St Louiai "St Louis is handsomely built, especially the new portion of the city: the principal ma- terial is brick, though limestone is employed to some extent " It may be doubted whether any city of the Union has improved more rapidly than this in the style of its public buildings. " iNBTrruTioNs. — Among the benevolent institutions may be mentioned the City Hoepital, the Marine Hospital, 8 miles below St Louis, the Sisters' Hospital, the Home for the Friend- less, and the Orphan Aiyluma The Home for the Friendless, designed for the benefit of aged indigent females, and opened October 4th, 1868, is situated on the Carondelet road, about 4 miles firom the court house. The edifice, formerly " Swiss College," consists of a stone centre, 16 feet in length, and two frame wings, each from SO to 40 feet in length — the whole two stories high. The premises comprise about 8 acres of ground, variously diversi- fied with walks and shade-trees. About #40,000 have been raised for the support of the institution. The City Hospital has long been distinguished for the excellent accommoda- tions which it affords to the sick, but of late has been found inadequate to the wants of the rapidly-increasing population. A new edifice, intended as a House of Refuge, has been completed. The building formerly occupied as the " Smallpox Hospital," situated on land in the St Louis Common, known as the Old County Farm, has been fitted up for the recep- tion of a Juvenile reform school. "The literary and educational institutions of St Louis, have, conridering their recent ori- gin, attained a high degree of excellence. "St Louis has about 26 publication offices, issuing newspapers and other periodicalsi Seven or eight newspapers are published daily, tri-weekly, and weekly. Four or five are printed in the Oerman language. The press is generally characterized by ability, and sev- eral of its issues have a wide circulation. "The water- works, which in 1629 were of very inconsiderable importance, now embrace 86^ miles of pipe. 11 m u ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI. "The Lcrne, wlikili, twenty ye«rt -"go, w«« a mere mud Itank, with trnn*v«>ne w»yri to the water*! ec1)K«, hai ilnoe underKuiie very iiiip«)rtAnt chnnKei. Orunt expenditure* have been made in tiilitiK up and otlierwino improvlni; It directly in front of the city, "HniPi-iNu, CoMMKKCK, no.— tkch •tr«'am wliich contribute* to the commerce of Ht. Loul» ha* lilt ro^ulur |)Hvl(«t*, and, for tlie mu*t part, a Re|)arate place of landing. The Mi*M>uri, the lllinoiH, and the Upper Mi«iilMlppi have a* flue craft a* float on the Weitern water*, while the down-river, or New Orlean* trader*, are acarcely excelled in *ice, equipment, (peed, and ron*truction. The Ht. Loui* boaU alao vitit the Ohio, the Wabn*h, the Tennem lee, and other utroam*. With »uch an inimcn*e inland navigation, the commerce of the port require* a large number of steamer*, and it* tonnage in thi* reapeot exceed* that of every other western city, " The importation* of dry good* for the year were eitimated at $7,000,000, (an increa«e of nearly one million over the previous year,) and the sale* at f 8,600,000. Tliia, howevtir, only has reference to the wholesale budnes*. Including the retail trade of the city, tlie entire import* were estimated at 110,000,000, and the sales at l| 13,000,000. The busiiiew of the heaviest wholesale houses amounts to from half a million to eight hundred thousand dollars annually. " The manufactures of St. Louis, though in their infancy, are hardly less important than her commerce. The flouring business is carried on here more extensively than in any cit y of the West. The manufacture of different kinds of oliemicals and oils is extensively car- ried on. There are in St. Louis 10 establishments for the manufacture of tobacco, several of which are on a large scale. The manufacture of hemp into bale-rope and bagginu;, and the distilling of whisky, also employ t| largo amount of capital. But however im|H>rtant these several interests may be in tliemselves, they can hardly be regarded as the most im- portant to 8t. Louis, Indeed, there can be no doubt tliat the development of the vast min- eral resources of the region tributary to her, is destined to exert a controlling influence upon tlie future of this metropolis. Her manufactures of iron already exceed those of any other city on the Mississippi, if not in the west. Numerous foundries annually turn out stoves and other castings to a large amount Railing, machinery, and steam-engines aru extensively manufactured. Mining operations have already been commenced at Iron Moun- tain. (See Engraving.) "Tlie Bank of the State of Missouri is the only chartered banking institution in St. Louis or in Missouri. It has five bruuches, viz. : one at Fayette, one at Jackson, one at Lexing- ton, one at Palmyra, and one at Springfield. " The natural advantages which St, Louis enjoys, as a commercial emporium, are probably not surpassed by those of any inland port in the world. Situated midwoy between two oceans, and near the geographical centre of the finest agricultural region on the globe, al- most at the very focus towards which converge the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Uliio, and the Illinois Rivers, there can be no doubt that she is destined, at no distant period, to become the great receiving and distributing depot of most of the vast region drained by these streams. Having already reached an enviable position among her sister cities, slie is look- ing westward, with a system of railways intended not only to bring to her markets the agricultural and mineral treasures of the Missouri basin, but eventually to extend beyond the Rocky Mountains to the valley of the Great Salt Lake, and finally to the golden shores of the Pacific Ocean. Her connection with the Atlantic cities, through Cincinnati and Chi- cago, is already secured beyond contingency. The construction of railroads penetrating various sections of her own state, designed ultimately to communicate with New Orleans, are also about to be undertaken. The opening of these various railways, and others pro- posed, will give St Louis ready access to immense depositcs of iron, coal, lead, and copper ores, within a drcuit of 90 miles, equal to the wants of the whole Mississippi valley for centuries to come, and which have not to this time been brought into use, sim]>ly because of the difficulty and expense of reaching a market . ' ' "Thepopulationof St Louis is. upwards of 100,000." '. . . • OINOINNATI BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Arekltcet— J. W, McLavoblin, oornar of Walnut mJ Third lU, [Bee advertlnement] Atlonieyt at Law— ^; Waltck 11 BATmAM, 80 Weit Fourth it Abmm BiowaK, Ja, Trutt Ca't Build- ing, Tliird It NionoLAi BiBD, Mancheiter Building, ^ comer of Third and SToamore itik CoBwiNB A Hatbi, (R. M. Corwine and R. B. Have*,) Selvei* Building, louth tide Third it «'■ JosKPn Cox & Wm. H. Knut, 8 Apollo t. Building, corner Fifth and Walnut stu A. R. DuTTON, 8 Eatt Third tt Fox A Fox, corner of Third and Syca- more ita, John A. Jarmu, 8 Truit Ca'i Building, 4 comer of Main and Third itn JoBMSTON A Oauoll, Tnut Ca'a Build- ing. JoKCR & BuBinrr, Trait Co.'a Building. Pabkek a Pabkbb, Mancheiter Building, corner of Third and Sycamore stii W. B. Pbobosoo, Fourth it Chablbi Loomis, 1 Trutt Co.'i Building. Snow A BBADaTBxn,TruitCa'8Building. i Thomfbon & NniiiTH, 26 West Third it [See advertisement] WoBTRiNOTON A Matihbwb, (V. Worth- ington, Jai T. Worthington, Stanley Matthews,) Third at between Main and Walnut st& AUomera at Law dc Notarra Pablio— Flamen Ball, Jb., 8 East Third st Samuel S. Cabpentxb, 28 West Third st [See advertisement] Bek. J. Horton, 6 Manchester Building, comer of Third and Sycamore stai ■V Wu. H. KxLSKT, 80 West Third st [See i" advertisement ] Attorneys and Connaellora at Law— Bates dc Scabbobough, Third st,oppoeite Henrie Housei King dc Thomfson. (Rufus King, Samuel J. Thompson,) Third st, between Main and Walnut sts. '■«■ Waiteb S, Stbaub, 12 Manchester Build- ing, corner of Third and Sycamore Bts^ Bedding Mannfkctnren— Wk. Mobehouse & Co., comer of Fifth and Plum sts. [See advertisement] Bellowa Manofliotnrer— W. 6. Htndman, 41 Second st [See ad- vertisement] Billiard Table Manafhetarers— J. M. Bbunswick dc Bbothxb, 8 Sixth et : [See advertisement] Blacksailtiia- CuABLEB Obaham A Bbotiieb, HI Watt Front st [See advertisement] Bookaeilera aad Pnbllaliera— Andebson, Oateb a Wbigot, 112 Main at [See advertisement] RoBEBT Clabkb dt Co., 50 West Fourth it [See advertisement] Boot and Sboe Maaaflkotnier— W. O. RooEBB, 20 East Pearl st Braaa Worlca— Wm. Powell & Co., 247 and 249 FUlh ak [See advertisement] Miles Obeemwood, Eagle Foundry, 8M Walnut st [See advertisement] Car Wheela— John Xabh, 248 and 240 East Pearl at [See advertisement] Clothing and Dry Goods— MxNDEBBON A Pbouman, 28 Pearl st Ambubgh Bbotbebs, 46 and 48 Pearl at. CoMBeroial Colleges— R, M. Babtlktt corner of Third and Walnut sta. [See advertisement] John Ocndbv, corner of Fifth and Wal- nut sta. [See advertisement] Cooper Ware— Peteb N. Jontb, 484 Race st [Sea ad- vertisement] Dry Gooda Merchants— John W. Elub & Co., 11 Pearl at Jones Bbotiiebs dc Co., 19 Pearl st Matnabd & SwEETSEB, 88 A 90 Pearl at Exchange Office— E N. Slooum, 97 Main st [See adver- tisement] Expreas Company— Valentinx'b, Third st [See advertlBC- ment] Flonr Mill Mannfhctarers— J. H. BvBBowB & Co., Second st, between Elm and Plum. [See advertisement] W. W. Hameb dc Co., corner of Seoona st and Western Row. [See adver tisement] Fonndries and Machine Shops— W, R. DuNLAP & Co., corner of Front and Lawrence sta. [See advertisement] J. A £. Obeenwald, 190 East Pearl st [See advertisement] Miles Obeenwood, Eagle Foundry, 894 Walnut st [See advertisement] J. A. Fat dc Co., cor. of Front & John sts. Gold Pen Mannihctnrer— Wm. Lvndt, 16 Apollo Building, corner of Fifth and Walnut sta. :Hi ' . ' 11.JIU1UJ I . l u^iMJi I. iuumi-wutt*»."m w» iiun ' n CINCINNATI BU8INKM8 DIHKCTORT. Orlrt Mill llMallMtaNn- J. II. BuBBow* A Ca.BMondii.btlWMB Elm and IMum *U [Ho« «dvt.l W. W. IlAnn A Co., corner of nacond •U and Wantern Kow. [Hm advtr] Orocen aad CoaialnloB Merekut*— Clabk a Cami, 29 Walnut tt Wm. Omnn a ^k>M■, eorncr of Walnut and Columbia »tt, [Sea adTcrtlMment] TkABBS A AvBBRO, 1 Fnbllo landing. TwKBD A HiBLBT, (FroduM and Oommb- ■ton,) 40 Walnut tt. Wmt a MoDovoALi, 88 Walnut it [Be« advertlMmtnt.] Hardware Marehaat*— UAuacB A Mbbna, 198 Main it Latimib, Colbubn a Lvftoh , 74 Main it Ttleb, Davidbon a Co., 140 and 142 Main at. J. L Watnb a Son, 124 Main at and 28 Hammond at [See advertlaement] JoBEra W. Watne a Co., 10ft Main at [See advertlaement] Hotel— Madibon Houai, Main at, between Co- lumbia and Front stiw [See adver.] Jewellerr EstabiiBliBieBt— DuiiMB A Co., corner of Fourth and Walnut ata. [See adrertlaement] Kltehen RaageB— R B. Blunt, 224 Main at I See adver.] Van a Babbinoeb, 107 Main at [See advertlaement] Iiithoffraphera— EuBOorr A FoBBBroBR,Carllale'a Block, comer of Fourth and Walnut ata. [See advertisement] Haehiaerr— W. R. DuNLAP A Co,, corner of Front and Laurence ata. [See advertlaement] J. A £. Gbkenwald, 100 Eaat Pearl at [See advertisement] Miles Qbebnwood, Eagle Foundry, 804 Walnut at, corner of Canal at [See advertisement] J. A. Fat A Co., cor. of Front A John ata. , Thomab Smith, 216 West Second at [See advertisement] Oyster Depot— A. S. Stewart, 166 Vine at, above Post office. Photographer— K C. Hawkims. 106 Fourth at [See ad> vertisement.] PloQgh MannfiictorT— Gaerett a Cottman, Seventh st Railroad Companies— ; Little Miami Railroad, Cincinnati to Columbus, A East [See adver.] Ohio and Mississippi Railroad, Cincin- * nati to St Louis, and West [See ad- vertisement] Iteal Bstate Broker— Samuel A. BARonrr, I Apollo BuUdinga. [M«e adverttaement] ■aw Maaalhctarers— WooDBouuH A MoI'abun, is Walnut ai Worka at llamllton, Uhio. [See adv.] •eale MaaaAietarers— John Kibtmbb, 804 Vine at [Sea ad* vertisement] J. W. Wbioht a Co., 10 West Seoond at [See advertlaement] Shirt Warehoase— Jambm RioHABDBOir, 100 Weat Fourth at [See advertlaement] ■how Cases— SciiMiTT A Bbotbbbb, 77 Weat Third li [See advertisement] ■tereotype Foaadrles— Fbanklin Foumdbt, 168 Vino at, R. Al> liM>n, Superintendent [See adver- tlaement] HiLu, O'DuacoLi. A Co., 141 Main at [See advertlaement] ■took aad Note Brokers— Bbadley a KELaET, 80 Weat Third at. [See advertisement] ■tore MaaaAietarers— MiLEB Obeenwood, 804 Walnut at, Eagis Iron Worka. [See advertisement] K B. Blunt, 224 Main at [See adver- tlaement] Dr. MuaoRAVE, Gaa Cooking, 272 Sixth at [See advertisement] Van a Barringeb, 107 Main at [See advertlaement] Theatre- National Theatre, John Bates, Proprie- tor; Loula Baker, Lessee; Wm. Rey- nolds, Acting and Stage Manager; Sycamore at Teaetiaa Bliads— W. H. Ugssilbb, 147 Sycamore at [See advertisement] Wateh Cases— Franoib Doll, Comer of Fourth and Walnut sta. [See advertisement] Wire Cloth Goods— a G. Bubnett a Co., 27 Walnut st [See advertisement] Bromwell a Mellish, 181 Walnut at Writing Fluid— James J. Butler, 80 Vine st comer of Commerce st [See advertisement] J. C. Pare A Co., 664 and 666 West Fifth st Wood EngraTers- Davenport A Thompson, comer of Fourth and Walnut sts. [See Bdverlisement] George Stillman, 26 West Fourth at ge; Shir L MAC B. A. THOMPB jLrr 1. R. Jilta* a I Phol|M,H||H«C A. Joiimwiy, Jr., Cliipp, K«ni A H, {"WW, HnwaM 4 Fml, BultorSdct, Mwun Brnt, HmllhAPavM.. r. 8. Wlii.l«n, B< S. Iloiumu A Cq 1. M. HwIm a Co T. A E. Balchell* CochniM, KInibAl OoUactiona i CLAI ^ttrnqi Maater Co CN>IUOIIOI OFFICE, MLTM BUDLIr. BRi Stock aoj h REAL Money Ic 80 W [See [See th and tni] Ittrner of lent] ke West PFonrth ement] khBt GENERAL, FURNISHING EMPORIUM. JAMES RZ0HARD8ON, MANUrAVTVUB Of Shirts, Stooks ^ Under Gharments, FOB LADIES, OENTLEMEN A CHILDREN, AND DBALBB IN LACB, EMBROIDBRIEI, TRIMMIlfOS, CORSBTt^ AND FANCY ARTICLES. READY-MADE LINEN AND BABY LINEN WAREHOUSE. OUTFIITINO AND WEDDING ORDERS EXECUTED AT SHORT NOTICE. lAMES BICHARDBOIW, 10« WMt Foiirth St., I. A. THOMMON. Zi UWW JLITZ> OOXiZiBOTZOZT or T. A. NMMITH. omos THOMPSON & NE8MITH, -A.TTOR.NEYS -A. T L-A.'W, 25 W««t Third Street, Oinoinnati, Ohio. REFERENCBH i J. R. J*ltay ARou Aim Tfk CImm, MeKlaiwy A Co. Ph«lp., HUM A Co » ~ ~ . .J . A. Joumtmy, Jr.,A Co " CUpii, K«il A IWIiloy " Cany.MowiiM A Smiiw ■• MwanBm.. 7; " HmUfc A Pa.vM •• r. H. Wlmlan, b| •• 8. lloiuinMi A Co ** J. M. MmImACo AmAm. T. A E. HatrlMlIn A Co " Corhmm, Ktmtwll A Ulmkk. t\iiK» Brw. A Fliuidan Aami Clallln, Eh| " lUywnrd, BttrrhitMd ud Nhbuhr " W.llliig, Cofflli A Co PUMtlpAU MorrUL. HalWw.ll A Co Wooil. Huron A Co " John II. Brown A Co " Tllllnghart A rhim.M " DvCounoy, Lnftiurrad. A Co. . . " Karnluni, Klrkhiun A Co " MuonACo " iFwIttAOo PkikMpltlt A1.X. Monlork A Co B^Uimvrt Cndibin A H*ll.y KIng.CorwIn ACo Cinclntti (IMmi Burton, bo " E. (). W.laWr ACe •• JonMBnii.ACa •• Jno. Blmiilibiioa A Co " J. AJ.IOovIn " Shaw, Ru«n A Bwbour " J. W, Kill. A Co " UoyAMallack " OoUections made thronthont th« U. B. Drafli and matnring paper ooUaoted at Banker*' ratee. K A. T. b Notorv PuMIe, and Coninilirioner Ibr all the prindiMl Main. CLAIM8 PROVED. ACKNOWLEDUMENTS AND bEPOSITIONM CAREKULIY TAKEN. WM. H. KEIiSEY, Poma at falB ^ ptara |ttWw. Maiter Comintuloner of the Superior Court. CNILUOTIOini ATTEHBSB TO PBOMPTIT. OFFICE, 80 WEST THIRD STREET, Oinelnnatl, Ohio. OiHTM (aaoiir. W. H. BllilV. BRADLEY 9t XEL8ET, Stock SDd Not« Brokers and GcBcral Agtnts. REAL ESTATE BOUGHT & SOLD. Koney Loaned and Colleotloni Made, 80 WEST THIRD STREET, CINCINNATI, O. joHir XBinzB, Manufacturer OF ALL KINDS OF SCALES, 304 Vine St., BET. C.\NAL A 12TII, Cincinnati, O. SAMUEL 8. CARPENTER, ATTORNEY AT LAW & NOTARY PUBLIC. Alio, OOMMISIIORBR for 0BBD8, DBFO> UTIONS, and AFFIDAVITS for everf 8TATB in th* UHION. N. B.— CommlNlom to tak« tcatlmony «xacuted with promptnMl and acrumoy. Ofllea, 8S West Third Itreet, Oinoinnati, 0. ~SAMUEL ArSARGENTT" REAL ESTATE & STOCK BROKER, 8 APOLLO BUILDINGS, Corner of Fifth and Walnnt Streets, CINCINNATI, O. TUoa. W. WHiaHT. ntiva Tooao. T.W.WRIGHT & COa, MANVFACriJRERa OF ALL KIND8 OF SCALES, BEAMS, TRUCKS k H0I8TINO WHEELS, 10 Weat Seoond Street, Oinoinnati, 0. F" R A. N K L Y N TYPE, STEREOTYPE, k ELECTROTYPE FOUNDRY. AMD WKonwmM' rvmnumro w. OUUL Wt dMin to inform Printon, Bookwlleni, wid othera, that w« ut now prvpmd to Airniah ertiy thine UMd In, or in tnv wmj oonnaotod with printing, in kmr of ita braiichei : our Mouldi, MatricM, and luchinery, «r« all duplicate! of thoM of L. John- Kon A Co., Philadelphia, the moat extenaire Ty\)» Fouudera in America; and wo aMturv the trade that th« quality and admixture of our metala will at all timea be of the boat inatoriala, and our nunufkcture of them in the higheat atyle of the art It will be our aim, under all circumatancoa, to compete with the rery bent Foundriea in the country, >M)th in Htyle and finiah. Having recently made large additiona to our itock of MouIum and Matncoa, we are now prepared to nimiNh, in any quantity, the moKt approved faces of Book, Newa, and Job Type, and At out Printing Offleea of any riiie on the HliortoHt notice. Our Compoaing Rooma are well stocked with the latest and most ap- nroved styled of Book and Job Type, of all siaea, and we Stereotype or Electrotype liooks. Music, Jobs, Medicine Labels, etc., etc., on short notice, and at Eastern Prioes. Pattern and Brand Letters of various sixes and styles always on hand. Typ* that has been uaod in Stereotyping for sale at Reduced Pricea. Agents for Hoe ft Oa, Adams, Qordon. and Rugglea^ Preases. American and English Inks oonatantly on hand. Also, Printers' Olue of a auperior quality. 168 YIVB ITRIBT, (bet rourth ft fifUi Ste.) ODfOmrATI, a it. JM,M,t»»jn, »mptHnltiHm$, B. miu « CO, t. p. 0>B«IMOU. STEBEOTTPE AND ELEOTBOTTPE FOUNDBT, XTO. 141 XtAJW^Xa* STZiSST, OZN-OXS7Z4-JLTX, OZXZO. HILLS, O'DRISCOLL & CO., STEREOTYPERS A El.ECTROTYPERS, riK Material*, Keneniltjr. Ltmli, C'aaM. (lallejri, Bnua and Mel leraotyptiwuf all lilnili, Bouki, Mnalc, PamDhlala, and Joiwof manner. Eleolniljrpinn of Cute, Juba, eto., done on ihort notlei Alio, daalera In Type and PrtntInK Material*, Kenenillr Furniture, eto., alwari on hand. Str- - ■ - dune at thort notice and In the beet Metal Rnlm, Qnoiiw, ■ of ererjr deKUiptlon notlee. BOBIRT CLABKB. B. D. BARNBr. J. W. MUi. ROBERT CLARKE ft 00., Snooeuon to E. W. Derby ft Co., lawTotaUsharsABooksaUsriiltatioasis, Importeia • Dealers in Tkaologieiu, loleatifle, Mieol and MlieellaimeM Books, Ho. S0 West Tonrth Rreet, Oiaeunati, 0. The attention of the legal profeaalon and the trad* If ioTlted to th« following vahiabl* Law Bookt, pab- lUhed bj them ; Onio Hrpdrtr, 26 vols. McLban'i C. C. Rbports, 6 toU. JouNMMf'a Cbancbrt Rbports, 7 volt, in 8. Swan's Statutu op Ohio, 1 vol. Swan's Nbw Tbbatisb, 1 vol. McDonald's Tbbatisb, 1 vol. Nash's Flbadino and Fraotiob, 1 vol. Nash's Diobst op Ohio Riports, 1 vol. OWYNNB ON HhRRIPVS * COBONBRS, 1 Vo). Holcombb's Eoditt Jitbispbubbnob, 1 vol. Babton's Suit in Equitt, 1 vol. Their auortroent of general law Booke i« large and Tarlooi, and their fhellltlee for proearing the irabH- catloiu of other houiee are auoh, that they can tell at the loweet Kaitern rate*. The Thaoloiloal and Mlio«llan*ou« Department* will be found lupplled, In addition to recent EngUih and American publicatloni, with a choice itook of old, rare and valuable worki, seldom met with In thU oountrj. Foreign Book*, old and new, In any language. Imported with the ulmoat rare and diapatch, their builncM connection* In London and Kdlnburgh being (uch, a* to alTnrd frreat facllltle* for the collection of old rar* work*, and *uch modern book* a* ar* " out of print," Subierlptiou* received for foreign periodical*. The publication* of the following haa*e* kept eonitanlly on hand :— Harper 1 Bro*., Derby a Jackson, Robert Carter A Bro^ New York ; O. Koutledge A Co., T. Nelaon a 8on. H. Bailliire, London ; Blackie t Bon, Ulaegow ; T. A T. Clark, Kdlnburgh, Ac, Ac. Trade (applied with Harper** MagMlne and Weekly. VALENTinrEnPREIOHT isXPBESS COJHPANV. CINCINNATI OrFICB, Nu. 5 EAST THIRD STREET. John 8. Dnnlop. Supt. E. H. Valentine, Amt. Snpt. Uoo. B. Cooper, Pre* , St. Louii, Mo. Timo Contraot* given for Shipment of Freljtht from New York, Boetoo, Philadelphia and Baltimore to St. Louii, Cincinnati, Cbicaffo, and all poiuta Woat. Thruuih Rernipta (iveu to all piirta of Indiana, Illlnoia, Iowa, Wtaconaln and Mlnneaota, and to all point* on the Mia*o uri Ri ver. Fur Contraot* call at our Office. B. L. HOU, Agent .War* ««Mto rafeMWM x«m. Jfo. S East Thiid ItRft, Oinoinnati, a WILLIAM MOREHOUSE 4c CO., tTPZXOZiSTEXlEXiS, S. B. eor. of FifUt k Flam Iti., Oinoinnati, 0. Superior Spiral-Sprlnir and Curled Hair Mattreaaea, Feather Bed*, and all other articles in the line. In atore ami made to otier at ahort notice. N. B.— Curtain* and Carpota mode np. Church Pews lined, eto. CUARLBS OKAHAH. BOBBRT OaAHAM. CHA8. ORAHAM ft BRO., MACHINE BLACKSMITHS, 9T7 West Front Street, Cincinnati, 0. Mani{factur»r* cif SHy. a ■ ■■ f*ITIfl •MITH, iDiNiiiria knt i>i*i.iiii in DAOUEBRIOTTPE, ANlilUlTYPK * MKLAlNUTYfK NKK K, /nnci) anb Imrrican plaice, PXiATB OLAMIk FIUMR8, CIIRMICALS AND ( A8RS, Owaaa aad AmartMa OumtMi Ui iiuriil Aii'iil fur ilir •iiiitily i>f *Nii MtriRUL or iviiv nKxRirTioii Mo. 86 WIST niTH ITUIT, liniiul IttDit I'.ul (him Waliiiil Rlnwl, omoimrATi, a •'twikllilf t|l«»Mall4, wkltiiMil fiNihln^ II TH* Mil inAv m K>r ftirtlixr liifvrni A idiglM Nitivt 1 will Mvvtiiiia, Iw Klwltl lit* MIIIM Nil It Iwlllff tn fmumtt WMl«ir», M WimhI •tHKil twa Mil nmt W\hi rmi riNih for I Til* HkifM will mv rmuM (tr ■ttiry, i»f. I Or rail tt N J imi\m mtmm \mt\n^ rml»ml»4 Jmm, N, I NAN. Thil f«»«MMl* KvN M(t*«M im »n K«Tiit Mahimihanv PIt»%», •^Mhlp •? Mmv <*|n«*ntM1n( a •nniition RiirvMU. Kni-ti Hliiv* Wlntf liiii«, tU rtrW« U #U, Ui'ltnllnic «h<)iit ||0 wnrtlt ••( >ii*ll«. Th« HiiiiM MahMuhAity Htrtml with llirM HI«»vm, wlllimit riMtktnn iitunttU, U f Vt. Tn« f. Th* Mtl ifMv ffiatiU |M>r«iii« l<> liilwi niiiI unlvr wIiaI thty wl>h. Kriti>ii !• ifip •naiiiiii nhiIi«4 ( Mil tmi mt llnMa hi WMlAtfi*. Nd w<**h| ftt^l. Wlivri IHM U #tt.A<) p«r t,-«nu wr tlnv fur Mrh ^iwn. A man *n*l wlA' •'»!> •iHik fiir Hv« <'«tila « ifHy, aiitl liv« e«nU » WMh Ibr tmitlBtf. Th# MliiTNt will work an • i-miiiiir. II. R. MliiMlllAVK, tlnrlanail, II. Or Cull •« No. »7i HI »tti Hlrctt. DLINT'H ORIGINAL ^ KZTOZZSXTSZi rfiM. from a fiMt U fn r<• l>*<*l •«*rt*ir "f Ww4 mmI lri>n AninI K>M, xu'h u«, l« iiul iii nlUm., »lw. will till •II (itilm fiif Twif Wiirk «l ih<>ri.<.l nnti.* All uf my Wurk II «i*rrMtlnl In Iw ii( iha hml HU*lit|r. UNION IIUAMM WtlHKM. WM KlWri.l. « CO , MiHKiAwiHr'ra M NniM run- ml., mrmii «i,il Oiia INali.. fci . N'^ 411 k it'l »'inh Ml., ImIwiwii HIiiiii uhI Wii Mn«r, ( ini i»N4ri. MNH) ntl u\»tm, nil rn|M, rMni.lliiit. anl Iliui.Wr.' Pm*. Wuth, lit|il rontunlly on hiin» i»i>M, rtmr rN«iH AMD riiniiai, amu OnriRAL KARDWARZ. iM MAM vr.. «««««nA'n, * J. L. WAYNE k SON, HALRM IK Hardware LOOXnfO^XJUM PLATB0, H4MVr*CT0UM Of PLANKH AND EDUK TUOLH. Ill Natal A 11 Ummui MtnIs, CINCINMATI, OHIO. Mk Wawsiivaii. MMit'ii it'i>«<>. WOODROIIGII & MTARMN, SAW MAKUFAOTUBXRS, Fal««l Oroaad Olr««lar lawt. (Wimu AT IIAHII.TI»(, 0.) WmrthoHMt 1ft frialMMf flfrMf, OINOINNATTI, 0. JOHN NASH, «*Mf Antvaia ar €AR WHKRLM, 148 A 148 KAHT I'KAKI.HTKKK'r, owomvATi, ono. W HllkS WAIIIIANTIO. raoMAi 1. nam Irti Perftntlig EitabUiiliaieRt, tin WKKT HK(1()NI) MTKKirr. ■IT ri«M 4R« rntrftH tow, /Am *lmtjf» OM AdNi/, uniI mnirM (o m-fi'r far all tart sf drain, !•■« HaaklMi, u4 Wlainr^Mfii. r«M«J-M> ■•t-'«*, N*» V 'fk «Ml KM* tMl N» V-fk r»iit»*l Ito4lf<>«la, In •mI Htm MDikln, IWvWjWir Wllk I>mhi«tI>mM iUllrnkI M rUMMWi, I* wmI tKm Hwriakitri, rhll«lal|ilM», N*» Vxfk. "jRWfMnVIUJI Wiikl>MiiwrliMhilUtlm»l*«rill<«rf,rMI*UI»kl«,N>« V«fk. WNMUIMi Wlik lli>|ilm<«« ' hI OkMi >iHt rwiMtltwiiii lUilMiMti ti WhMliiur (M nii«t»ir(, In whI r>i<« B[iltlllHi»rww)IK . air M«kMi'l<'wi>'"ni|>i'll<'i<> •< K"nliir>r »ll iKrinla Waal aiHl Nlllllf rlalka, lliiiul Milk kmi Doatafa, KlamM OaW Inlail rVmr Cavkat, Malay, kaah awi I'lniilM ka« MlUa, farkar Walaa-Wlkaala, i^avtiKam'a ItiiHitU Ai'lln* 1.1(1 aiwl fofva l*uiHya| H)r4mM ami Wm»Wm Mm. ■ Mull m , Nil Main wmI W»ln»« «ii, I'tflfUinAll, II RmI r..iiiMniMt>ill Niwl i*v«lili>it •««» InvwImI, I'Mmil MhlAdwl lNH-«nM, All ih« ■wMlsfti t(njifti»«iiiMta \n Myts m*! ImI Hi4lli«mftil<'iil ••• «Nni«(i*ttm| it- «likwl<')ir Mi*l •'•■rrvi'lnMs lit •iimUm, h«*« rwvUkHl lK«(f««lMl*a>iitUi« III til iIm •riMfillN. htiiur.r ri*r"r«, Mil flf «• 'Hir T*llW lli» ^ w hwl jwHUi Inn n«tw In •■Ia4«ii< « Hiil^> l))|| nfm ft ■ww M '^l bNii«U4K« ftnJ ••p»t\*-twm "t niMnv v««m 1*4 ilpW Aw 9tmm'fmw99. w« #al| Mft w l»i ftilMiilMi ttf U»u»l ft NnliM^tt Kih*^- •K, In gMftml, ttt AtniUli Ul«(r Mi>m«wUh i>>ip NrM • Um HlllhtH Tftli|ai,Wto*f ltiMw«iMi «*• ftN MftlifaMl ht uAm mm g«iv Ia> lA |Mr «*M( , Mial M «• |-MH«a» M«I|iIn MMiiitv «ft ii#rt •!«» tha miMil mIUIim Unii* l^ip anjr auHtlNff I'r ^Mftllly irf TftblM. lUyi pl ftI ■Ifftlhift vlU ha fltvM fif raMlrlntf ■ Tfthi** wlUl mir ftvw ('(milmiatlMi I*»i«hI t'uahl»m of ■u|M>rU*p alM- I ■Maftlhift vlU ha ftvaa ftif )r ftftw Vtmtit\ MiMM III ftni AfoftM lb* I. IniMvkb, «IHng aiitl rtN'Mihliiiilnif al'l UM fthM« ara (iao. W. Htllliitft, Hi, l.imU. Ma i AmM Ibf UM ftto*« ara (iao. W. miMiiin, HI, l.imU. Ma i I. IniMVkl, III RMi4i>lpli Himri, I Kl.>atf*>> >lT. \ A. W. M.nlwn, Ntv OrlMMt Ua iTV llftriMP. l^uUvlllii Kjr. J. H. BURROAV^S' PATENT A. IIIM1AI.I.. AND PIiAIVTATIOIV CORN MILL. T~^ - ■^-f J^ • .4(1 Otrdert ahoutd be ^OdreaMd lo J. H. BVHR03W*H tt Co.<, Second Street bet. Elm M M*lum^ Cinclnnnfl, O. PropriotnrH of tho Columbia Foundry, and Maimflicturcre of Stoam Rnf^noR and Machinery, for OriHt and Saw Millfi, DintillcrioB, Tannorim, etc. AIho, French Kurr Mill StonoM, of all hIzch : Montgomerio'H Double Grinding Bark Mill and Corn Criwh- ent ; Ilaviiand & Tuttlo h Haw-Mill Water- WIiocIh, and Castings of every description. , Also, dealers in Rotting Cloths, Plaster of Paris, etc. I *l .1 GUNDRY'S MERCANTILE COLLEGE, N. W. COR. OF FIFTH AND WALNUT STREETS, Oinoinnati, Ohio. • A THOROUGH AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE OF BOOK-EEEFINO, PENMANSHIP, Ac, May be obtained during the Evbnino Winter Gouksb, the flamo facilities for instruo- tion being afforded as in the day time. Those wishing to attend should make applica- tion without delay. The largo number of Students of thir, Institution occupying the first positions as Business Men and Accountants in this city, is deemed sufficient recommendation of its mcritf. TERMS FOR FVLL COURSE FORTY DOLLARS. JOHN GUNDRY, Principal. 0^, ^ 1" !!S ili'Ditl lit il ttu mil Ik OH ADDUEis ^3^?^^^ 0. .^^^'■^r R. M. Bartlett's COMMERCIAL COLLEGE, Comer Third and Walnut, Cincinnati, 0. O" One time ib as good as anotlier to coinmcnoe. I? For paiticulnrs, call, or address the Colloge. I S* 5* a- Entend Recording to Act of CoiiKrcss, in the year Is.'iS, l.y R. M. nARTLKTT, in the Clerk's Office of tho District Court of tlio Unituil Stivtes fur the Southern District of Ohio. s 3 ^ H L_ I 3 II ? 8. i I e 3 a s a" 8 ) Diitriot i DuHME * Co., 8. W. corner of Fi^urth and Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio, Importers, < wholcfialo and retail dealers in fine Watches and Jewelry of every description, Silver and Silver Plated Ware. Watoh Toolf and Materials for tlie Trade. GOLD PEN MANUFACTURER, ROOM 16, APOLLO BUILDING, Cor. of Fifth and Walnut tti., Oiadaaati, 0. Mr. Lnndy wftmult hU Peni to b« w lood, If not iu|Mrlor to any othera niiule Eaft or Woit. Cluriii anil BoDk'kwpan who baro UMxl, Md an itlll utlof kU Fmu, eiui tMtUJr la Iholr lypdloiltjr orar all olhwa, Peas Bapalred to Ordar, W. H. HESSELER, VENETIAN BLIND MANUFACTURER, 147 Sytamore SIreeit BRWEKN FOVatB AND FIFTH, WEST 8IDK. CINCINNATI, OHIO. Keapi alwaya oil kanil and makM to Mdw, VobMImi Bllada of every deKrlpllMi, at low pilraa fcr eaah. OU BUnda rapalatad and trlmnied to look equal to new. SHOW OASES. A LABOB ABSOBTMBirT OF Silver Plated, German Silver, Bote- wood. Mahogany, Black Walnnt, Satin, and Pinewood, at SCHMITT & BROTHERS, 77 WEST IHIBD ST., (UJICUIIIAII, AND 5 North Williain Street, New York. ' nuwas DOLL, Manafketurer of Oold A Silver Vatoh Oaiei. Orders from all parts of the country attended to with prompt- Den. Corner of 4lh and Walnut Sts., over Duhme'i Jewelry Store, Cincinnati, Ohio, WM. auinr. jaa. M. ai.iiii>. ■. dtmomd, jb. o. t. auwH. WM. CLEIIN & SONS, Wholesale Grocers, NOBTH-EABT OORNEB OF WALNUT A COLUMBIA 8T8. OINOIHNATI, O. UUAO I. wnr. Oaia. ■. MODODOAL. WEST &. MoDOUOALt GROCERS AMD COMMISSION MERCHANTS, No. 28 WALNUT STREET, OINCINNATI, OHIO. QUEEN CITY BANKING AND EXCHANGE OFFICE, DEAU IN UNGUERENT BANK NOTES, OOLD & SHYER. 97 MAIN STREET, IViwt Compmmif MwtUUng^ Ctmetttmmtt^ •• B. N. SLOCUM, Agent. r CINCINNATI. 75 FFICE, SILYXR. ; CINCINNATI, THE QUEEN CITY OP THE WEST. ArrER leaving the tcabonrd, no city in tlie United Htntet Is likely to •urpiiie the Rtronger ■o much an Ciuclnimtl. Frtnii an uucount of Dr. Charles Muckay't vUlt to It last year, we expected to Hnd lu It anothur llttsbiirg (Pennsylvania) or Manchester (Eiit^land) for ■moke; and on proceeding from the " Forest City" (Cleveland) we looked forward to find- ing Cincinnati under a cloud, with the anticipation of unpleasant odonrs from Its famed pork-kilUng estoblishments, Un our entering the city, by the Uttlo Miami Valley railroad, the beauty of that line was only excoiled by the charming view presented as the train crept round the curves, opening to view the exquisitely beautiful scenery of the Ohio, both on the Kentucky and Uliio side of the river, Our visit to Cincinnati, therefore. In July hiitt, was one of unmiugled pleasurable disoppointment; with a blazing sun overhead, all vegetation In its gayest attire, and not a particle of smoke to be seen, excepting from » solitary steamer, perhaps, getting ready for Its voyage to Louisville or the Mississippi. Ascending to tlie top of Mount Adams, to get a view of the city and surrounding country, Ve looked In vain for smoke; so that should the gifted author of "Voices from the Crowd" pay his friend Nicholas Longworth another visit at Cincinnati, and that any time during the spring or summer montlis, he will, we think, leave It with a different Impres- ■ton, and similar to what he experienced in the cities visited, where the total absence from smoke formed one of the peculiarities of American city life. As may be well known, Cincinnati is the most populous city of the Western States, and the fifth In size and Importance throughout the union. It is beautifully situated In a valley of about 13 miles In circumference, with tlie Ohio Uiver intersecting it from tlie State of Kentucky, environed by a range of hills, thus forming a beautiful basin with one portion of the city in the centre, but the greater part of it rising by terraces, on which Third and Fourth streets form two of the most prominent. For 3 miles, at least, the city extends along- side of the river, that portion being lined, for the most part, with stores and shipping- places of business, and where from 80 to 40 steamers may be seen engaged in the river traffic, sailing up the river to Pittsburg, 460 miles, and down to ports on the Mississippi, 660 miles distant, carrying, for the most part, goods, but that only when the state of the river permits, and business affords sufficient traffic. Both in the city and in the vicinity some elegant private residences are to be seen, but more particularly in the suburbs of ■uoh as Mount Auburn, where there are some beautiful country seats, with vineries in the open air attached to each. One of the finest public buildings of Cincinnati is the Court House, an immense block of buildings built of white marble, but, to a certain extent, obscured from being seen to great advantage, on account of the other buildings being built in too close proximity with it. In churches Cincinnati can boast of having as fine samples as are to be found In the West Its literary, educational, scientific, and medical colleges and Institutions, rank with any thing In the United States; in fact, from the public school up to the most advanced literary and scientific association, Cincinnati is excelled, we believe, by no other city. The Mechanics' Institute, for example, occupies a prominent place amongst the many valu- able institutions with which Cincinnati hos great cause to be proud of. It is a large, square, massive building, built in the Elizabethan style, on the corner of Sixth and Vine streets. Its library contains 16,000 volumes, besides having, in an adjoining department, an excel- lent selection of newspapera and periodicals. It is under the management of the Central Board of the Trustees and Visitors of Common Schools, two delegates from each ward in the city being part of the management Rufus King, Esq., a name well known in America, is president. At present it numbers 4323 members. Average delivery of books during the last 7 months, over 6600 volumes per month. Total circulation for 1 months, 85,000 volumes. At the last time when the books were called in for revision, only 8 volumes were wanting S I 9 ; i 76 HEOHANIOS' INSTITUTK AND MERCANTILE LIBRARY. out of • total olrouUttion of 8*7,000 toIurim, a fact which •peaki well for both m«rob«n •nil management Even this imall number mlMlng woi made up by the parties who had become lecurlty for thoae who had got out the book*, All young men under age, and not known, are required to get a guarantee tram a known cltlien, who beoomei recponilblo for any loai the Initltutloo may tuetaln, by giving out books to such party applying fur them. The library la made up of the bonka formerly belonging to the Publlo School Library and Mechanics' Institution, now Joined Into one library. From the State, it now — from its cunneotlon with the Publlo School Library— receives $8000 annually. ,., The terms of admission to all are— free. It may appear almost invidious to mention the name of any one donor to this noble in- stitution, but we think that Mr. Greenwood's beneficence should be well known, if for no other reawn, than that others in different parts, may imitate his example. Besides many subscriptions to the institution, and all along taking an active part in its establishment and welfare, he was, we believe, the principal meana of preventing the institution f^om going down. Amongst Its difnculties, it was due Mr. Greenwood no less a sum than $18,000 (£3,6<)0 stg.) for material he had supplied to the building, etc., from his foundry. T^at entire sum he made them a prennt of, from which date, the Institution has spread Its benefits all around, and engraven the name of Miles Greenwood indelibly in connection with its history, and that of the welfare of the working classes. Again, we may notice another of the reading-rooms and libraries in the city, worthy of all commendation, vie: the Young Men's Mercantile Library and Reading-room, in Walnut street On one floor of a building 140 feet long, by 100 wide, there will be found a library of 19,000 volumes, in all the departments of literature, occupying fully one-half of the apartment In the other end of it there will be found the best assortment of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals we have seen anywhere. The natives of almost any part of the world will there find the paper of his own neighbourhood. Of course the Thunderer of Printing-House square (London) will bo found there on regular file. On the opposite frames— the Scotsman — the worthy representative of " Auld Reekie," (Edinburgh, Scot,) and the Dublin Evening Post and Nation, of Ireland, take their stand ; the Welshmen are repre- sented in the Carnarvon Herald; the Frenchmen, with the Journal des Debate, La Presse, Charivari, L' Illustration, and Oalignani ; the Germans, with Zeitungs plenty ; the Austra- lian, with the Melbourne Argus ; whilst the United States is represented with sheets of all sorts and sizes, from Maine to California, and not forgetting the well-printod sheet of the Pioneer and Democrat, all the way from St Paul, Minnesota. Canada papers are also found In abundance. In going over this room, and seeing such a host of London weekly papers, and monthly magazines and quarterly reviews from England, Scotland, and Ireland, a stranger from Great Britain is apt to fonoy himself In some of the Exchange reading rooms of Liverpool, Manchester, or Glasgow, or the Waterloo News Rooms in Edinburgh, rather than on the banks of the Ohia The quarto and imperial weekly sheets are secured to tables across the room, at which parties may sit and read, some of the most popular London weekly papers showing good evidence of being well perused. The tattered and torn appearance which the Illmtrattd London News, and that philosophic, philanthropic, and stinging little sinner Punch pre- sented, showed that they afford as great a treat to the numerous readers there, as these two publications do in enriching the coffers of some American publishers, who depend largely upon them for their excellent illustrations, as, no sooner do they reach this side of the At- lantic, than they are reproduced without the slightest acknowledgment as to their source, far less in a pecuniary respect. The magazines are all numbered, and can be taken and read in any part of the building. After perusal they are returned to their proper pigeon-holes in the desk, where they re- main open for perusal The library contbins 19,000 volumes. The reading-room, 240 different newspapers, and 120 magazines and reviews are received as soon as possible after publication. ■!V!I i I ' i M x^ THIRD 8TREKT, CINCINNATI. 77 The terroi of entry are only f 8 (18*. itg.), with fl entry-money. At present it numben 800U meinbert. Tlie roadlng-room U most comfortably fltted u|>. On the floor, for example, there U a magnifloent tapeitry carpet, and the newipapera mounted on elegant iron frames of ohatte de«lgn. Altogether, It appear* a model Inttitutlon of the kind, and we oougratulate tb« Young Men's Mercantile Library Association In having such an Institute. We had forgot to mention, tliat tlie library lit adorned with a bcautlAil marble statue of " Habrina," and another of " Eve livtening to the Voice," as well as busts of some of Amer- ica's must accom|)li8hed publio men. In one respect, this Institution differs from any of the kind we have seen in Britain, vie, that of ladies visiting the reading-room, and perusing the books, newspapers, and periodi- cals, with apparently great interest, besides forming a large proportion of the visitors tu the Young M*n'* Library, for books. y. U4 73 TuE finest wholesale Btores in the city are situated on Pcnrl street, where they arrest at- tention, from their solid stone built appearance, and general excellent design. The other principal streets for the wholesale trade, are, Walnut street, Main street, and Public land- ing, from which tens of thousands of dollars' worth of goods change hands weekly. 78 NEW MASONIC TKMPLK, CINCINNATI. Tlilnl (troet form* nlio one of tlis flnvitt ktreela of the city. At tho corn«r of Third and Wuliiut ilroet, tlia MbhoiiIo Tvnipio will •tnnd, when oonipl«ti>d (lee our rii|{ravliit( of thu ■nnie)i In Third utreot, nre iltimtud the (greater proportion of th« banking houiiv* and otHcci of tho exohange hroki'ra and lawyers In the city. The hiilldlngt there nlxi lining churnutfriced by that aolid nuignlflconoe, whiuh well cut and tastefully dol^niMl nrehiteu- tiire always portrays. Our view of Third street, as given in the preceding page, repre- sents some of the flnest buildings in the street, the first one on the left hand, being the prvnilMM built and occupied by the celebrated Ohio Life and Trust Cotti]Miny, a banking institution, wiiich failed In 1807. v TuiH splendid structure, an engraving of which we present, is one of the most striking buildings yet erected, we believe, in the United States, and will show more strongly, than per- haps any other we could have selected, the amazing rapidity of growth of the western cities of Aniericn. On the site where this Masonic temple rears its commanding form, among other costly and palatial stone edifices, In the business centre of the " queen city" of the West, men, still in the vigour of life, assure astonished strangers that they can remember when, on the very spot occupied by these palaces, the primitive log-huts of tho first settlei-s were embedded in the forest I The Nova Cesaria Harmony Lodge, No. 2, under whose auspices this temple is being erected, was instituted in 1'7U4, and is the oldest lodge in Cincinnati. The ground was CORIV A complc Boltinn ChcHi whichisOfiot it ; two pairs rcudy to uttae flour can Iw r any rchamUir Wo also b 10 foot Bolt, I The 1700 best extra floi been K8t r-fNATt. 70 iliinalixi liy Wni. McMllUn— imw A»f »»-•). At • t>nll>llnK •U*lirn«lll onnvniilunt In ll* iimnK»ni*nl», or rWUrr In KriiiM'ful snil aymlmlli* ari'hllitnri<, lliitn tlix on* now nnil<>r notlc*. It la livInK rrvi'liiil vnllrvly of ilivlivunttfiil fr«'<'aliini>, for wlilrliClni'hinNtI laaiii'*li')>rali'il, nri<| atiiniU on lh« nortlii>«at ir of Tlilnl itnil Wnlniit atrffrla, i>i>iMi|iylnK « fhinlMKM on Tlilril atrft't of 'jIdo fi't'l.nnii lixi f.fl i>n Wnlnnt ■tnit. Tli<> ai> |i> la |lyMntliii>, •■nlilMlliiK •troiigly llioM Iwitl knil itmMlv* fvatiir** ■<> I'hiiriii'tvrUlIti of nmny of tlii> livat liulliltnK* of northirn ItMJy. ll will !>• 4 itorlM IiIkIi, with • ti«*<>m»nt, antl lliink««l l>y tlir** lofly tow- »r* ; llio oni- «t the fornor of Tlilnl mol Wiilniil •trcula Ix'InK A'i fvat ai|imri> nl tlii> Iinm', nml IHA ft't't from lht, U • nU-liv il<>«l)(ni' ii|i|>i'r |Hirtlon of tli* towrr will Imvn » liirKti town nlook, with 4 lllnmlnalixl * vUlM* on ••luli fncu of tli«> tow-r from it tcri'iit tnni'('. Tli* Hrat Hour, n* wi'll m l>nai>ninnt, will l)« ii»mI for ImiikliiK limiara itnil KxrlmtiKu lirokcr*, tliu icconil tliHir for Imalnt'** otIK'f*, wlillw th« tlilrd Anil foiirlh t1oor> iiru ilt'Voti'il )'Xt'hialv«|y to Mnaon* itnr"J>'"tl"K Orlil wlii.low,) royitl mill ai'li'ct i'oiin<>ll i'inhii, ii «|iiii'Iiiu* linnqiiitt room, an I'nciimiimi'nt uayliiiii. h royitl •ri'li ('lin|it< wi'iliTti |)ortlon of till* flour, nml fni-liiK Tlilnl iiidI Witlniit atn'ct*, u pornmoalil>'ni-iii ilii'litr of tlii> liiilliiliiK, liiit In iMinviMili'iit Jiixtn|H)altioii, Tlm fourth it^try, which I* 'J'i feet hl|{h, la aiiltdlvlcli'il Into .'< f|ilcnillil loiJKc room* for the «nt<>rci| npprcntlcc*, fellow -criifl*, iiml miiatrrmaaoMa of N, <', llnrinnny Loilifc, No. 2, ittul a KriiH'ct 4 lnof ll a Mnnaard »hape, terminated where vUililu, by • rich Iron rnlliiii;, and hiivlnif It* Rurface relieved hy ceven platurcique donner windows. The entire ooit U e*tliimted at tIAiMMM) (£!{0,(KiO itK.). The Architect* of thii hulldinK — which reflect* the hi)(he«t credit upon their nrtiatlo ta*te and *klll — are Me«*r^ Ilanilllon and McF,auKldin, who*o card* will lie found elMtwhere. Mr, MoIiau)(hlin I* *llll a reiident of Cincinnati, hut Mr, Kundlton (formerly of r>mdon) has recently removed to New York. The en)(rnvlnt;, g\\vn In another po^e, lin* been exe- cuted for till* work, by two yonn^ and very iiromUIn^ wiMid eni;ravein In Ciiiclnnnti, Me*ar*. Davenport and Thompton, and we have only to refer to this *poclmcn of their work, to *how what they can do, for them to be entriiKted with drawini{« of the most Intricate character, a* the forcf^olng view wa* engraved from the architect's dniwinft, and the manner in which thoy have preserved every detail correctly, reflect* great credit upon their ability as first-class en((ravera. In our engraving of Fourth street, will bo seen a representation of some of the flnext block* In the city, and among the many splendid stores with which it abounds, none show to more advantAKO thon the nuiKnitlccnt jewellery establishment of Menur*. Duhme A, Co,, iiltuuted in Cnrllr*le lllock, corner of Fourth and Walnut streets (the first lur^^e block to tho loft in the eiiKravinf; on the next page.) This est4iblighmcnt rivals, in that particular depirt- nient, any thing In New York, or any where else, we believe, in the liiiited Stjito*, and stands ])re-eniinent as the Hunt & UosklUs (London) of Western America, The visitor there will be utruck with the large amount of valuable stock which Is to be seen, consisting of the miinufuctures of some of the best makers in England, France, and Switzerlond. In tho same block stands, olso, one of the fluent, if not the finest, liookstoro In tho city, viz.. Messrs. Robert Clarke A. Co.'s (late Derby A Co). This store Is handsomely fitted up, and filled with a large stock of rare and valuable works in all department* of literature 4 m rorHTII HTHKItT, UINOINNATI. •Bel •rtlvfii** IImIiIii* Mnf |rti>i|l«h»ri of *•«•»! mtttk*, HtmtA (1«rh« A I'a tm|mrt dlrMt frimi lh« |iul>lt*hliiK h»it*w« tii KiikUihI Arnl )^ullanl, It will litrni |)ruUlily, tha tliiMt UtMk In Ui« (irMl, If im( In Ut« «b44« •(tjr. lu i>ru|M)i, all In one hiilldlnir, of o very chnxto iK>tl|{n and cIumIo chamctiT Tin* only roffrot U, that lo flno a biiildtii(( nhoiild have li«>fn olnwured or hurivd in nppparancn, nlon);iiidt> of tho IiIkIi towurin;; nturo* hiillt rloit« to thtt wcittwnrd of it. Only the front portion of tli» poHt-otHce will ho t4*«'n in tho ahovt* piiKravln^r, with the national fliiK wavin);^ from th« top of It On tho opposite •if nr mnr« *ii'«Uniul »f<\f»nn»» lh«n Um NiitliMAt rtiMlr*, ma aiiarltif, utlHUMAMU*) *Uh nifiia »ary Analy ai»fti^ai| witl|iluf work. WIllUl iha a«lar(«f (liuwa I* Mch itnaat •|atiiif«ta.| ••».! Aiu.l ii|k Aftar Iha olj r/jtftff« *"• (>urnaii Ouwn, »• luilanUiwl • «t| -1 C s I other Tin- t-ance, front i>uniit ufflce, [l and L* of !i 111" I "jli'HJ'i'i'i;: Iwiill M lomcttnnci " too many cooki ipoll the broth," It wai llkoly to pi-uve lo In thin Inntanoe, when Mr. Bate* ctpppcd forward, and xlnKleliandcd, provided tho cltlr-vni with an comfort- able and elegant a theatre ar will be found in the United Htiitot. The house in built in the most pubitantial manner, and in that reipect, ai well as rc|;ardi ventilation, it every thing that ii possible to attain. It 1* seated for 80(H) people, and stands on a lot 100 feet front and 206 feet deep ; height of house 00 feet The architect Is Mr. Hamilton, who is also THE PORK TRADE — THE EAQLE IRON WORKS. •rohlteot of th« Maionio Temple, a view of which will be found on another poge. The thea- tre wai built under the personal luperlntendenoe of Mr. Batei, who watched He progrem from the dlg^in^ of the foundation to lighting up the gai on the opening night, on 4th July last. Under the leueeihip of Mr. Baker, the house, on our visit, was certainly " drawing" well. Every thing >.- nut on the stage promptly and creditably, making the stranger forget, al- most, that he was witnessing " La Traviata" on the banks of the Ohio. There is scarcely any branch of mauufiictures but what is carried on, more or less, extensively in Cincinnati. Its ffreat trade, however, consists In the article of fork. Ho much so. Is this the case, that the city is pretty well known as the pobkopolh of Amer- ica. . In the rinter season droves of pigs may be seen, being driven along the streets on their way to ti.e killing and packing-houses, where they are killed, plotted, cut up, pickled, and packed, with a rapidity that Is scarcely conceivable. Along the roads, the animals are to be seen reaching the city from nelghl)ouring villages, whilst the railroad vans are loaded with them from all parts of the west. To Cincinnati the pork and provision dealers In Belfast (Ireland) find their way ouce a year, to make purchases and contracts for their supplies, and to there, as well as ports in England, immense shipments are made during the course of the year. Besides what Is killed in the city, Cincinnati finds a market for a large amount of pork and bacon — in bulk. Thus we find, in one year, the quantity to be over 460,000 hogs, 17,000,000 bbls. of \iork in bulk, and 11,000 hogsheads of bacon, as received into the city. The total amount of which was estimated at 96,600,000, or £1,100,000 sterling. In connection with the manufactures of the city, lard and oil forms important articles. In the articles shipped from the city, a large proportion is in pork, bacon, oil, lard, whiskey, wine, furniture, and machinery. Amonge>t the large manufacturing establishments connected with the city, the Eagle Foundry of Miles Greenwood, must take the first place. It is one of the largest of its kind in the United States, and an establishment, where, probably, a greater variety of articles are manufactured under one roof, than can be named in any other city. There will be found articles varying in size and weight, from 800 pieces in a lb., to 10 tons for one piece, verifying, almost, the popular saying, of every thing from " a needle, to an anchor." In the manufacture of one article alone — that of stoves — no less than 2600 t"M of iron are used annually. Butt hinges are made in enormous quantities, and with a stock on hand, apparently, sufficient to binge all the doors in the States. Until the manufacture of this article by Mr. Greenwood, America was dependent upon Great Britain for them. Tliere is scarcely an article in the iron or hardware trade but what is, or can be manufac- tured at this establishment, extending, even, to music, and other sorts of stools; hat-stands, tables, etc., of tasteful design and finish, and even articles of delicate manufacture — such as planetariuma — are manufactured, as we noticed. The establishment is divided into several departments — eoch under efficient superintendence — two of the principal departments being under the management of Mr. Folger, and Mr. Yates, who are associated as partners with Mr. Greenwood in what pertains to their own departments. Amongst the heavier description of work turned out, are those of basement-fronts for stores, as Well as for entire fronts of stores and houses. The beautiful front with Corin- tiiian pillars, on Carlisle's block In 4th street, are from Mr, Greenwood's establishment, al- though now that they are painted and sanded over, it is impossible, almost, to tell the dif- ference between them and the stone of which the upper part is built. Mr. Greenwood is an excellent example of the many self-made men with which this country abounds, and we are only paying a well-earned tribute, when we say, that for public spirit, energy of character, and large heartedness, we question if the queen city has his match. The read- er is referred to our notices of the fire-engine establishment, and mechanics' institution for a few practical samples of Mr, Greenwood's character. At present, when trade is dull every where, there are only about 400 men employed ot the works. In ordinary gtxid times, fully 600 ore employed. One of the most gratifying facts connected with this establish- ment is that during the long period of 20 years, it has never stood idle for a single day— although nearly the whole concern was burned down in 1846. ' WINE GROWING AND TRADE OF OINOINNATI. 88 ry of le rcad- )n for tt every times, tablish- day— Stnngen in the quoen city will be much gratified with » vUlt to thii nummoth eetab- lUhment, where they will be moet oourteondy recelred, and ihown over the premlteii In the (ingle article of grUt mills, large qnantitiee are manufactured, two of the prlnol- pal houses engaged therein, being Messrs, W. W. Ilamer A Ca, and J. H, Burrows A Ca As Is well known, Cincinnati has already earned a world-wide notoriety for Its wine^— and Judging from the rapid inciyase in the cultivation of the grape, and manufacture of wine, there Is every likelihood of its becoming a rival even to the trade In pork. In ita immendty. In connection wkh the wine manufacture, one of the most notable things connected with this city, Is the establishment of Mr. N. Longworth, the celebrated wine-grower, A visit to his wine cellars will astonish the stranger. There will be found upwards of 800,000 dozens of bottles of the Catawba wine, maturing till ready to be sent out. The cellan consist of two vaults, 00 by 120 feet, in two tiers, the lower one being 25 feet below ground. One cask, alone there, holds 4,676 gallons of wine, Mr, Longworth has spent many yean and a large amount of money, in bringing the Catawba grope to its present state of per- fection. In this respect he may be considered the father of the wine trade, there, as well as one of the " City Fathers," His wines find their way all over the United States, to Eng- land, Mexico, Brazil, Russia, etc. The " Sparkling Catawba" is very like champagne, and the uninitiated in such articles would scarcely know the difference. The wine made there contains about 11 to 12 per cent of alcohol. As long as Cincinnati lasts the name of Nicolas Longworth will be intimately associated with it, and hundreds of the very lowest and most degraded of the population will, some day, miss his extraordinary benevolence — which reaches in one form alone, in seasons of distress — the free distribution of from 800 to 600 loaves of bread every week to the most necessitous poor. In the distribution of his charity he is peculiar, if not eccentric. Many stories are told of him in this respect. As one which we have not seen published, and to give an idea of the man, we may mention, that when lately called upon by a deputation for his subscription to assist the " Lord's poor," his reply was, that he had enough to do in taking care of, and looking after, the " Devil's poor," It being, as we have said, the most degraded whom Mr, Longworth makes hit peculiar choice. He not only gives away largely in bread, etc, but provides houses actually free of rent, to many who are not able to pay for them, and yet such tenants are more trouble to him than those who pay rent. He is, altogether, a self-made man. He commenced his career in a very humble capacity, and now, although said to be the milllonare of the city, has, apparently, not a particle of pride about him. His house is a princely dwelling, adorned with some gems of art in sculpture and painting, of great beauty and value. For example, in his drawing-room is to be seen the first specimen of sculpture ever executed by the celebrated Hiram Powers, and a gem It Is. The turn-out of wine In Mr. Longworth's establishment is about 160,000 bottles per an- num. Other firms In the city are now engaged in the manufacture of wine. A large German population, now Inhabiting the hills around the city, as well as parties on the Kentucky side of the river, are engaged In the cultivation of the vine, and scarcely an Inch of ground Is to be seen on the hill-sides but what is covered with vines, growing. The population of Cincinnati Is about 200,000, One of the finest views of Cincinnati is to be got from off the top of one of the hills an the Kentucky side of the river, especially any of those a little further west than the city. 84 K. CLEVELAND, OHIO. - ( . ■ , i':_ • ,^ f ,. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Cliteland, one of the most Important oitlei of th< west, it iltoated on an elevated pIsttiBU, 70 feet above the level of Lake Erie, and formi one of the cities on that lake. It Is decidedly one of the moHt beautiful cities In the Statest and remarkable for Its fine pub- lie and private bulldingii. It Is built upon a gravelly plain, and from It a magnlflcent view of the lake Is seen. The chief business streets are Superior street, Water street, Bank street, and River street. The three former are situated on the higher part of the city, whilst River street ii between Cleveland proper, and whot was formerly termed Ohio City, (on western side of the River Cuyahoga,) but which Is now Incorporated with Cleveland. Xext to Cincinnati, It Is the most Important commercial town in Ohio, and, from its nat- ural position on the lake, forms an Important centre for business to all points, and fk-om its manufacturing and commercial enterprise and establishments. It seems destined always to hold a high position amongst the cities of the Union. From the quantity of trees and shrubbery growing in all parts of the city, giving Iti streets the appearance of groves rather than any thing else, and the garden-plots around the private dwellings, it has been very appropriately termed the " Forest City." To the stranger, who enters it for the first time, he will be forcibly struck with its re- markable beauty, and spacious streets, averaging as they do, about 120 feet wide. As an entrepot of commerce, it is one of great importance. A large direct trade with the western cities Is kept up by railroad and steamers. The latter ply, during the summer sea- son, up as far as Lake Superior, touchiilg at the most northerly ports of that immense mining region. From thence, iron and copper are brought in great abundance, and at Cleveland these meet with the coal of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and transported by canal and railroad to Pittsburg, Philadelphia, and other cities on the seaboard. Two very handsome and substantial freestone buildings are In course of erection at the north side of the public square, one of them the United States Government buildings, Is in- tended for custom house, post-office, etc. — erecting at a cost of about $126,000 (,€25,000), 60 feet by 100 feet, 62 feet elevation being three stories high. Builder, Mr. W. J. Warner. Government architect, Mr. A. B. Toung. At another corner— on same side of square — is erecting the County Court House, at the expense of the State of Ohio. Builders, Messrs. Smith B A l£ S^ 1.1? " S- "^ era W a SB o d ST* B B a Oj "*• s;" ■ » a 9" B S, » TO il-S 5-< Caahler ; E. L. Joiin, AMlatant Cuhier. HiKOMAN A Co., 11 Water itreet. [tiet advertiiement.] IIarklamd a Co., Rlrer itreet [Se« ad- vertiiement] Whitman, Stamdabt A Co., Superior itreet BookMllert— Cobb, J. C. A Co., Superior itreet Imoram a Bbaoq, Superior itreet [See adrertiiement] Boot and Shoe Store— MAinBT, Dolb a Co., 28 Water itreet [See advertiiement.] Boiler Maaaikctarer— McOarrt, T. J., Centre itreet Ohlaa aad GlaM Store— Tago, Emiwortb a Co., Importen of China, OImi and Earthenware, corner of Su- perior and Seneca streeti. Golfte aad Splee Merohaate— Fbiibt a Stbphbni. Hanufaoturera and Wboleiale Dealeri in Coffee, Spioei, etc., Hewitt'i Steam Block. GommluloB Merohaatt— Oatbs, H. N., River street [See advertise- ment.] RoBiBTS A Enswobth, River itreet [See advertisement] Scott, M. B., River street [See advertise- ment] Spbaqdb, Obobob, Commission Merchant and Qrocer, 4 and 6 Oviatt's Exchange. Walton, Thomas A., River street Glothiag Stores— Daviks, G. a. a Co., 846 Water street Isaacs, J. A., corner Superior and Union streets. [See advertisoment] RoBiNBOv, W. S., 83 Superior street. [See advertisement] SoNNEBORN, J. A Co., 1S6 Supcrior street. [See advertisement.] Coal Merchants— Price, Crawford A Morris, Government pier. [See advertisement.] Dry Goods Store— Alcoit a Uortok, 21 Water street. [See advertisement] Drag Establiihrnent— Mackenzie, C. S., 34 Superior street. [See advertisement] Foundries— Gardner, G. S. A Co., Union Foundry, West street. Hardware Merchant— Wortuington, Gborob a Co., corner Su- perior and Water streets. Dentists & Teeth Manufactvrebs — ^M..L Wright & Co, Hotels— Ambbioan, Superior itrtet [Sm adrertiir ment] ANaiBB uouiB. [See advertiiement] CoMMBBciAL HoTBL, Seuica itrcct. JoBNioN UooiBj Supcrior itreet [See ad- vertiMmentV Union Hotbl,!!. L. Coon, corner of Water and Johnion itreeti. lasnraaoe Ageats— Bratton a Maion. [See advertiiement.] Cob, S. S., No. 1 Oviatt'i Exchange, foot of Superior itreet IroB Works— Bliih, Oablick a Co., River itreet. [See advertiiement] Loaa Oflioe- Waqnbb, W., No. 8 Water itreet [See ad- vertisement.] HaohlalHt and Eaglaeer— Manning, Thomai, Weit itreet Newspaper Ofllces— Hbrald OrriCB, Bank itreet. Lbadbb OrriCB, Superior itreet Plaindialbr OrriCB, Building foot of Sa- perior street. Rbvibw OrriOB, Water street Plnmbiag Establishment— BoBN, C. p., 41 Water itreet [See adver- tisement.] Photographers— C. N. Stimpson, 253 Superior itreet W. C. North, Superior itreet Saddlers— Whitblaw a Mabsrall, Superior street [See advertisement.] Sash aad Door Mannftictnrers— Ransom, Cobb A Co., Corner Columbus and Centre streets. [See advertisement] Stave Dealer— Habbeok, Jobn S. Stove Maanfhctnrers— WooLSON, Hitchcock A Cabtbb. [See ad- vertisement] Stove Dealer— Whitakbr, S., No. 88 Water street [See advertisement.] Vinegar Mannftictnrers- Roberts A Ensworth, River street. [See advertisement.] Wool Merchants— Goodale a Co., Nos. 87 and 89 Bank street [See advertisement.] Sexton, D. B., No. 48 Bank street. [See advertisement] Wine and Liqnor Dealers— Bkackbtt, Remington A Co., No. 62 Woter street [See advertisement] L. ALCOTT. ■. W. HOaTON. ALCOTT * UOmTOIf, WHOLMAkl DIALIHI 111 STAPLE & FANCY DRY 80008, YANKKK NUTIONH, *o. 91 WATER tTBBBT, OLBVBLAVD, OHIO. i'»rtlouUr alUntion ptid to Mtrchut Tallon' UooiU aikI Trlniniln|i, JUHPU MAIURir. WM. A. DOLI. L. W. PROUTT. MAtVRY, DOLE 4c CO., WholttaU lhaUr$ ifi BOOTS, SHOES ft RUBBERS, 23 WATER 8TKBKT. Ctovetood, Ohio. BRAYTON & MASON, CLEVELAND, OHIO. Agenta for Mme of th« b«tt New Tork and New Englud INSURANCE COMPANIES. Agents for DUek Star, tnd Black Dull Line*, Liverpool I'aokntH, and New York and Llvor- puul Borew StouiiiHliip Cunipany. Bight drafts on England, Ireland, Scotland and Continental Europe lold, and Passage Tickets from Liverpool to Cleveland, Also, General Agents for the Western States of responsible Fire and Life Insurance Compa- nies. INGHAM & BRAGG, PVBLI8UER8, BOOKSELLERS, AND STATIONERS, 67 SUPERIOR STREET, CLEVELAND, OHIO. Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of School Books. Special Agents for Pelton's Outline Mnns, and the Publications of Uickling, Swan k llrcwcr ; Crosby, Nichols k Co. ; Little, Brown k Co., Boston. D. Apnieton k Co, ; Methodist Book Concern ; Shelaon, Blakcmnn k Co., New York. H, Cowperthwait k Co. ; Sower k Barnes ; Sunday School Union, Philu. PuMUhrrs of Hlllord's Reodero, Woieealer's IHe. Itonarleo, Payson A Dunlon's WrtUnt Books, •nd Parley's HMories. MAUKIIAM &. CO., SHec4Uor$ to lfar1n4M, IIUl A Co., B ^ r.ll, ll*nk.ra, N . Y . i Mnwa. U w vim. A Hay, HwikiTi. N. Y.| Mnra. H. I.. A J. M. HUfmnt, ti. Y.| MiraMt. i'tmk A HHrKviit, HMiik.ra, It.v.niMirl, InwMi Mmw*. M«r- ihitll .n,! Ilil.i >ll' I Mmhi. I'hlllp., SMii|i»n A Co., llMtOII. KuropMui Cirhug. fcr wla, mi Lornloa, riili, •••,, hi iuin of il ami upwanlh ~X HEUDMAN &~05~ U Water ItrMt, n«ur Inpwior, Oltrdand, 0. Dualan In Oolil snd 8llv«r Coin, RirhaiiKn, irnrurrrnt Monny kiiil I.siul Warranta, (lollnclliina iiimIo ami rn- mittixl ("t at Currant rataa of Eirhanxfi. Iiitrraat nlliiw^ ltd on (IcimwUb. Drafti on Uarnwny, Frunca, Urint Hrit- nin ami irdlnnd, fur large iir ainnll aunia. I>aii>a«a cnn ba ■•'niriiil hy tha rnoiltr Hankot Hhtpa and Steainani friim Umat Hritnln. Krance, and Uernianjr, "CLEVELAHD WOW DEPOT, For Receiving, Grading, and Selling ■W O O Xi. Our grades are 8, XX, X, 1, 8, 8, 4, and B, 8, rep- rssenta flneat ; No. ft, coareet. Liberal Advancea made on Oontlgnmants. GOODALE & CO., 37 k 39 BANK 8TBBBT, OLBYBLAMD, 0> C. p. BORIV, 41 Water Street, (sonth of Poet-offloe,) CLEVELAND, OHIO. PLUMBING ESTABLISHMENT, Dealer In all kinds of Stoves, and Manufacturer of all kinds of Tin, Bheet Iron, and Copper work. WAGNER'S LOAN OFFICE, (XitahlUhtd 1801,) 3 Water Street, (corner Superior,) CLEVELAND, OHIO, Money loaned on Watchet, Diamonds , Jewelry, elo. Also, nn Heal Estate. Watches and Jewelry con- stantly on hand and for sale at great Bargains. J. C, WAONER, Supt WM. WAONER, Prop'r. II, L, WHITMAN, N. M, BTAKDART, C, W, 8TANDART, WHITMAN, STANDART & CO., AND DEALERS IN FORFIGN & DOMESTIC EXCHANGE, No. 7 Superior Street, Cleveland, Ohio, IJ. S. A. We draw direct on London, ar' cin ^. s sight or time drafts for any amount that may be desired, paya- ble at all the principal points in i.Ni>'iaii'j, Ireland, Scotland, France, and Germany, REFER TO Comm«rrliil Branch Rnnk, MerrhftnU* Bninrh R«nk, CHy Bunk, nnd Bankers, generally, Cleveland } Van Vlerk, Rnad A Prviel, Kluam k Tnvlor, Head A I^throp, Clarke, Dodge A Co,, Grocent* Bank, 8lioe and I^mlher Bank. R. k N. Dart, McColluin, BHukir- hnffand Brewalpr. John H. Draku k Co., While, Morrtt A Co., Klrtland A Co., New York ; Drexel A Co.. PhllndelnhlA ; S. A. Fletrli 9lU, Ind. ; J. C. Br(Mkenbrou([h, Knq,, CanhW, Sit^arv, Peln-e A Co., Lafnyeile, Ind. ; rittihiirR Truit Co, tjiq., Indtnnapolli, ^ . .. ■ , . . . - " Clapp, Fuller A Bniwne, Clark, Cheney A Co., Sp»utton. Esq., Beaton; MnrlnH Hank, (Jw. E*q., Provfdeno*, R. I. ; lltitfinan A (ielpcke, Chlcam , tlxchaniire Bunk, Auburn, N. Y. ; Manrhetter A Klcn, Dann A BurtU, Buffalo, N, Y rliinati, O: DurVee A Dullo^k, St. Louis, Mo. Mich.; City Bank, Toledo, O. ; Mulligan Ins. Co., Cordaroy, M Tooley Street, Loudon, England Plttnliurif, . . . ,,, annxfiii iKdMiirr (iniia, \ii-u. u. JastrUDl, Abraham Bell's Soni, New York; Roohester Bituk, Rochester, N. Y. ; Aiilmm *nn A BurtU, Buffalo, N. Y. ; J. R. Morton A Cn.. tlm. S. Wright A Co.. Cln- Wright A Bro., L. B. (MIh A Co., Chicago, III. ; Alei. II. T)i>y, C. A A. Ivea. Detroit. " & c "*" Jetroit; Swoeny, Rltteabouw, Faat k Co., Waaliington, D. C. ; Juhu and Edward tf) jr. etc. con- piya- Prfiel, Brinkfr- F'letrliiT, iMtruiti, AiitMiro 'o.. riii- Dfltrolt, Edwanl J. ■■•WnHTN. lOmTI ft mWOBTBi OOMMISSIOW MBMOSAMTI, AND MANrrAirri'Kiciui or I'Umk vinkoar, fhUr Vln*iriir, ftM Plrhlti. Kvory vnrivlv nf Plrkln. In Jan. bur- rfU, Mritl half barmU, rontiaiiily on hanti, Our ratllllUa am un «i|iiMllml by tlioM of any utlivr MlalilUliinvnt In th« UnlUil Hlatat. CaiMU'lly uf vinafw ap|iamliu, lo.MNi bamlt par yn A ('(1. 1 (Jorhani A Ali>lni Mrn'Uh«r i hUbop, Hum * Vn.\ K. P. Roaa, Watldtll lltmH, CItvvland, Olilui IllaekUy 4 VUaa, Cora. Mar- chanla, Chleago, llUnuU. rLiTiiANn Man. roii.aa*, itUnlj^, lUI. I liAfa maila « lhor<)M|ili rhviiitral •latiitnatkA of vtnavar, manu- Awtiir*! by Mmm*. H)iWrU A Kniwnrlh, anil find It vnllraly IVm fWtni mtnvral at-tdaand all ili>M«rtoua matt tra— containing fh>m It to U par rant. aMlIu arid, h«lnf V to 10 par nt. mora tnan (*i>iii- uwrclal Vloagar, fOfia«)uanlly alkiwlng of Ivy* dllutlo* with watfv. Th«lr anparatiia itUnnad and araotad hjr R. C. Rlapbana, nptratai en ■clantlnr prlni-tpl«a| and U wall ailaptM for oMalnlnf a purt and banlUty viMnr. J. L, CAHKLB, M, D., PioT. or OlmnUtry. mTb. SCOIT, Denliir In I'riHiucd, Niilt, Klih Waliir f.lmn, «tc. Hperliil atlHiitlun Kivnn tu Ciiiinlinmniit* Rnil purchutof Uraiu mid Hrwluca Ktnartlly, LYitiliiid, Ohio. Fire-Hroof Wamhouio and Steiiin EltTRton, Iiiiur- ■nc« twu-tlilrdi Ivu tlian any other Grain Wamhoiua in the city, Libural naih advancea on priiduce in hand. HN. OATEH, Bloran, Fnrwanllnc and ComnilMlon M^relianl, • Mronil WanhouM IkIow fbot of HUI'KHIOH HTKCKT, ftonllnjc oil Klvn ami Hlv.r Blrwli, CLiTai-Mn, Ohio, IVaWr In Karniort* Prmluco of all klndt, Ball ttih, Sandually WaUr Llnw, WhlUi Llino In harrali, l>laM.r, Bona, Bwm, Jr., and IndoptndoaM Urlndnonn, at WliolMalo nail Ralall. WOOLSON, HITCHCOCK & CARTER, Manufacturer) qfall kind* of STOVES. orrica: junction or vineyard and oiiam- PLAIN BTBEKT8, Clevclanci, Ohio. wiLtUM I, raicB. LiMuai, caAwroan, david Moaaia. PBIOE. CBAWFOSD A M0BBI8, (SucMMm In CRAWFORD, PRICE * CO.,) DEALERS IN Briar Hill, Minanl Bidge, and Chipptwa Coal, By the Cargo, Office: Oovernment Pier, OLBVBLAND, OHIO. DrBTsEXTonri COMMISSION MERCHANT, For the Purchaie and Sale of WOOL, HIDES AND PELTS. Orden for the purchaae of the above articlei aolic- Ited. Cash advanced on consignments, 43 BANK STREET, OLBVELAND, OHIO. ■tiaN* 0. ■■ Ian . S. WHITAKER, DEALER IN Oook, Parlor, &, Plato Stoves, Manufacturer of Copper, Tin, and Sheet Iron Ware, Agent for the sale of Cornelius k Baker's Chande- liers, IVndnnts, Brackets, etc., etc. Also, Plain and Ornamental Uos Fitters. 33 Water Street, Cleveland, Ohio. CLEVELAND IRON WORKS. BLI8H, 8ARLICK & CO, Manufkoturert of Marine, RMtlanerr, and Portahl* Rniilnsa and Bullars, Moyat and llollowwart, lnii I liillilnf lliiuMi In ilia unwl WmI, IU liiuliiMt Mof Ur(>ly ••UKloil ikniuilliNl IIm WaMarii Rlalo •ml Cuiail*. i. <. Dt«M. ». f, rtiiDTni. ■. rnian*. A. P. WINSLOW, Proprietor. CLEVELAND, O. ANOIER house; SILAS MERCHANT, PROPRIETOR, CLEVELAND, O. JOHNSON HOUSE, JOHN B. SURBRUO, PROPRIETOR, CLEVELAND, OBIO> Terma^ #l>ftO per day, COMMERCIAL HOUSE, U, 26, k 2$ SENECA St SOUTH, CLEVELAND, O. LEWIS FRENCH, Proprietor. Board, One Dollar per Day. The bt»t Stahltii and Yard in tht City. FAIRBANKS, BENEDICT & CO., to BAMK STREET, {OppotUe WtddtU Houtt,) Printersi Bookbinden, AND STATIONERS, ANT) PROPRIBTORB OF TRB CLEVELAND DAILY HERALD. Arapfrnmd.wllh •rery fMlllly, to do nil Vnit til TtitMng uiil Uinifliig UKd by Comnierdal Men, Rullrwul ud luunuiM Om- pHiiin, Ainlu, olf. . .^ . Wo «« running MTen pnHM by Staani, >nd Ii»t« ■ Urije uwrt- mml of Blofk and M»t«rliilt. Th« IUtM ii one of the oldert fV"* '» Ohio, ud bM the Uri- Mt rlrrulstlon of any paper In tbb McUon, making It a de«lr*bl» nwllum for ailvitrtiMn, CIntUmd, OMo, Jult, IBM. 8ii 1* h»»lih. ■Bowniiii onlMi of tn vrmfuv D Ommn rinutu wi 1 ,„, Ili«T»t , I har* I In the Laboi •Iwlr lueow kUidofmtu I hta work hu in ihi aoaaii Paw. I Ki-Ma K. T.S H»». M Avtx. I Cle Ind ruausiiK At 10 tarn NEWS, nil HA Aad In Oln I» the onljr ^ obtaii From the h ''The Sphere Cloture on via liere ix an mrl picture! that li anri must claim Ambrotjrpei Piotarea takai ietor. wietor. Lders, 18, SBALD. I of rrtnltag*""' 1 liuuniic* C«m- i« •!»'«•"«"*' Lg It » ileiil"''" IMPBOVEMIHT IV DEKTISTBT M. L. WRIGHT Si 00., •i AM MAMUrAOrVIUKa TartUl a«U, Half Icta, and Whol* 8«ta of Li.A.ZM' 7SIS1TZZ. Sipcriirity tf (h«ir letM if Miekg Artiittl Tidh vm iiy «tk«r kiiwi letM. d— fiininirl ami ullllly war tfttr I, PMrilV.-Th* untira PlM* Mil Tanlh >r« ImtMrrloM to Um Htlnn nf anr known iirld i and hanca, In illMaaa "- priMif ifWnal Iha ournialta aiul uffanalta taanltoM or UM ■outn, oumnwo to Uuld Vlata wurk, and iithar ilhiida. ily. and a mod ImlUllim of nalar*. Kliirliiii Hall of Artiftrlal Taatk, dhflwlly vMlad In on* plaoa, IhM will nnl paaa tha ll«al fHa uf Irua Purealaln of priuiidiii April, llU.wa hava Inaarttil laran HiuMlrad Caaaa. Of 11 lira UMd (uld plala aata, ha«a laid Iham nam. and i Ivan prafi lo llii> naliira uf tha caaa, and fivan aftaf aianilnallon. Ihia numbar, Ona Hnndrad and faranca to tha porealatn. Itltr^na pariona who hava Tliiaw l\i I iiiillni III Mil nal nyHMBL—Upon racalpt uf tha unlar, or on dallvanr. OiMinilltV-— (l*tl*fl'<'"o" : prorldiid tha tnrma of parmant and apanlal Initraellooa htra baao eompllad with.— n liifurinallun, lafaranra will ba |l*an iu Ihuaa In oonatant uaa of our work. Paraona bavinf Uold Plata oan applr Ihalr plata In part Parwina wautinit I nRimnnAui amd imiaoii. I hava obaarrad with muoh Intaraat, for Iha laat two jraara, tha abo«a niathod uf pradoctnc ArtlArlal Taalh, and ballava tha atatamanti of tMa Circular curract. T. (1 AKI.K'K. I hava iDTaallntad with ran. In thn laat Ihraa yaara, tha ah titaly auooaaaftil whan mada undsr hii ubaervatlon, Tha aupartortljr of thia kind of dantal work i>««r K'M or any kind of matalllo plate, cannot ba iiuaallonad, and tha itatamant In Or. Wrifht'a (.'Ircular of tha numlwr of cuoi wlmre hia wurk haa takan tha plaea of fu\il plata, la tnia. Muoh uf thIa told plata haa baan ftarnlahad by lli« Ixiat ilontiita in tha ooontrr, I am not oonvaraant with the auoeaaa uf Porcalaln wort In tha haiida of othara than Dr. Wriaht. »iuaH7. . .m uu. «m ^^ ^ ACKtXV, lata Profaaaor if Hurtary, Claraland Madloal C'olla«a. Daii. p. Rhodii, Ki-Mayor CAaTLl, K. T. STUJTIVART, Hay. Mr. MoOlLl,, Clavaland, ALII. CbAiiK, "Kd. Vlattor," Clavaland M. jAciiauif, II. h. Whitman, J. K. <;iinTiaa, Prof. IlAacoMB, Obarllo, Prof J. P. KiRTLAND, Prof. Oatchill, Pmf. H. CowLii, Obarlln. Prof. 8. B. Hunt, Kd. BulT. Madleal Journal, THoa. Brown, Ed. of Ohio farmar, Wm. W. Ricmaid*. THE SEMI-WEEKLY REVIEW, AMD Independent Journal, PUBUSaSD KYKRY TUESDAY A mWAT, At 16 Water 8t, ClflYeland, 0. ContatninD— TIIX NEWS, TIIR LATEST TKLEORAPHIO REPORTS, TUB MARKET QUOTATIONS, AND OTHEE INTKRESTINO HATTER, AT And In Olabs of 2S at 80 Osnis psr Tsar. TK« Chtapett Paptr puUUhtd in Iht Wttt, AddNM I. A. MUHMir a 00„ CLEVILANO, O. STIMFSOirS SPHEREOTYPES. Ko. 263 8UPERI0E STREET, CLEVELAND, Is the oalr place In the eltr where Toti can obtain these beantlAil Fiotares. From the PhotograpMe and Fine Art Journal, "The Elphereotype, an exqul«ite atyle of collodlum picture on glass, Is galninK ground very rapidly. There In an rarial softnexs and delicacy about these pictures that Is exceedingly pleasing and beautiful, and must claim a liberal share of public favour." Ambrotrpes, Papertrpes, and all other Son Pictures taken on reasonable terms. C. W. STUHPSOIf. aZiBvazaJk.x7i3 PLAIN DEALER, Puhlinhed Dkily, Tri'Waekly ft Weekly. TOE MOST WIDILY-CIRCDLATID AND POPULAR XBWSPAPRR IN THE fTEST, PUBUSKSD AT 0LE7ELAMD, O. J. W. OBAY, Editor * Prop'r. Terms :— Daily, |6.00; Tri-Weokly, $8.00' Weekly, |2.00 per annum. W. O. NORTH, PHOTOGRAPHER, SUPERIOR ST., CLEVELAND, OHIO. Tht moti etet&nHvt Sttam Job Printing Cffie» in Me Northuitit U attaeh4d t(i (A« J'lain DtaUr MtablUhmtnt, r\ IVrfAUK CITY or BUFFAUO Ttm It 00* of th< moat ImporUnt cUIm WMt of (f«w YurlK. It U •ttu«t>tstr«nilty of I^ka Fjiu, alMiut i< inllfi frum tha «oiu- invnoaitiant of tlia Niagara KIrar. UtUutIa, 4i' Sa' N., LonKltuila, 7N' fttv' W. Tlia ilta of tha oily gradually riaaa f^otu tha wat«r'« miga, fur alMiut *i inUi>*, till It hacoinaa alHtiit SO faat abova tha laval uf tha laka, thu* aiTonllng, In thu higbar |Hirtliin of tha town, aatanalva and lioautlful vlawa all arouml. Tlia lowar |H)rtton of tha town la ucouplitU with tncrohanta' ilorva. inanufaotorlaa, ato., and la Intaraactad In dltfarant parta hy oanala. I'oaartavd of a harbour, forni«d l>y HulTalo Craok, aa It la callvd, vvM«la drawing from I'i to Ifi font of watar van lay at anchor anil diaidiarga and load cargoca, which la dona with aatonUhlug rapidity liy tha ataatn vluvatort In o|Nirallon alongalda of th« or«<>k. Till* chief bualnata itraat la Main atroet. runnin;; In a itralght lino for al>out 'i inllea, and coniptMuid for tha moat |)art of apaoloua and lofty builnfta ator««, of <>( tint Hni'at com* inarclnl tlrmiti w« linva «v«r avtin. It U l'2<) feat wida, and thttra being a gradual otctint all tha way up, It la »evn tu grcnt advantagi*. Hoinu of thu aturci In Main itrvut, *uuli at Da Wilt V. Waad «k Co. 'a hurdwara atom, WiHidward'a fancy allk waruliouu', and liitrnum't vnrlvty atorv, ara «>qual In |iolnl of alvgance and alto to many of thoaa In the Strand or lt» gvnt atrcet, I^ondon, Hold atraat, lilvvrpool, (Eng)., or Uuchanan atrvct, Olaigow, (Scot). The atreula whuro tho private dwalllnga of the upper olaaaoa are illualcd, are of a pahitlal character, more particularly thoaa of Deluwiiro ana« run from I to 'i mllea. In n atralght line, lUO feet wlile, wlt)i itnvcnient 10 to in feel wide, with treea alongaldo, forming an extenalve nnd bunuliful view from either end, whlUt • walk niong aueli aa Delaware atrcol arrvat* the attention of the itranger In the inngnitivenot of tho dwellinga and groundi attached, whiuli are almoat nil owned by their occupantii Tliere are 3 pubilo aquarea — Niagara, Frunklln, and Wiiihington. At Niagara H(|unre, no li'KM than eight atreeta all meat, forming a nmgnlflecnt " Eight DinI*," each atreel running otr, from thia centre, having Ita treot ou each ride, and forndng a fine viatu In every dirci'tlou. The commerce of nnffblo la Inmienae, olthoiigh not ao greul aa it waa before thu |ia««euger tteamboat tritftle, on the lake, ccaK'd. At pri'itent, it ia the greatent gruin and Hour entre- |M)t on the hike, through which the produetiona of the great weat paita. llei-e the grain from Detroit, Clilcago, Milwaukee, etc., urrivea In venaela carrying from IA.imm) to 18,000 bualicU each, and ia tranalilpped, by meuna of tho ulevutura, into ciiiiul liontu nnd rnilroiid cura, and aent to nil parta of the 8tatc>, but chiefly to New York. (!oti!>e((ueiilly, as a gruin market, Buffalo atanda aa amongat tho moat prominent in the Statea. Tho nnturiil position which DulTalo occuplea inuH, of neceaaity, render It an important cunimcrcial city. About 20 milea off, per rail, la Canada, A large ('nniidian trade ia done, wlilUt the Tailwaya from liuffalo, in all directiona, render it a convenient centre for busineat to any particular aeetlon of the country. The manufacturer of ButTalo are important; and some large concerna in the manufactur- ing of Htovea, agricultural implementa, machinery of every deacription, beaidea foundrica, tnnnerlesi, etc, etc. Several daily and weekly newspapers are publlahed, ninongat which are 7%e Dait.;/ fff prr*^, Daily Courier, Daily Jiepublic and Timtn, ami AdvoHinfr, all having job-printing otflcee attached, and turning out some of the best apecimeiii) of typography we have aeen in the States. A largo amount of printing for the railway companies is done In the course of the year — whilst the specimens of wood engraving, executed by auch as Mr. Wightmun, ore equal to any thing we have seen anywhere. The station of the New York Central Railroad, at Buffalo, contrasts very favourably with those of New York and other large cities — more reaen^bllng the spacious station at New i ft. 90 CITY OP BUFFALO. itreut, Birmingham, (Eng.,) than any we have lecn el^owKcre. Waiting roomi, and every convenience, with ipaoioui raites of offlcct, are nttnohcd. The Rtntiuu for the Falls, Canada, etc., U situated in the lower part of the town, whilst thnt fur Now York, and the Lake tihore Road, to Cleveland, Cinoinnati, eto., it situated in Exchange street, off Main street. As rcgnrds health, Buflalo stands pre-eminent, on aoconnt of the general good sewerage throughout the town, the breezes enjoyed iVum off the lake, in the heat of summer, gene- ral cleanliness of the streets, and the excellent water supplied to the town. Tlio public free schools of Buffalo have long been distinguished fur their excellence and efficiency, and from a visit we paid to one uf them, (No. 8, under the management of Mr. HIade,) wc can bear testimony t^ the very excellent arrangements, and system, and the decorum which prevailed throughout — specimens of writing, etc., of fr G G H H In Ir< M BUFFALO BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Agrlcnltnral WarehouM— Geo. F. Nkcuiiam, SJtiU Main it. S«e tAv't. B«tik«n— Manchmtcr a Rich, corner of Main •nd Seneca itreeti. Hee advert iiement. Bookwilen and PublUhera— I'HiNNir A Co., Main street. Brewer and Diatiller— IIuoR UoTLi, (Star Brewery,) St. Paul at. Ohemlit— KiCHARD JcitNia, 433 Main street. City 8team Turning Works— JosKPH SvoR, Mechanic street. See adver. Civil and Submarine Engineera— 1'arkinson a Smith, 7 Uruwn's Buildings. See advertisement. Counaeiior at liBW— W. U. MaacH, corner of Pearl & Tupporsts. Engraver on Wood— U. I). WinuTMAN, loB Main street. See ad't. We have much pleaiure In recommending Mr. WIghtman to the notice of all who require wood en- graving done. The work which he has done for us— as seen In the views of the Olty of Toronto— are suffi- cient proof, were any wanting, of his ability In his profession ; besides, we have found hini prompt. Gas Fitters and Plumbers— Haht, Hall A Hart, 257 Main at. See ad't. Uardikkr & Tot, corner Eagle and Main streets. See advertisement. DoLAN A Sblpert, corner of Pearl and Seneca streets. Sec advertisement. Glasgow House— Ronald McDouoal, 17 East Seneca street. Hams, Shoulders* Bacon, dec.— Job Alberger, cor. Terrace and Franklin streets. See advertisement. Hair-cutting Saloon— KuoicNB W. Smith, 4 East Seneca at. See ad't Hardware — Da Witt C. Weed & Co., 222 Main street. See advertisement. Hotels— Bennet Temperance Hotel, 85 Main street. See advertisement. Clarendon Hotel, Main street. See adver. Mclntvre House, comer of Exchange and Beak streets. See advertisement. Xew England Hotel, comer of Canal and Michigan streets. Robert Sl-lly. Lovejoy House, cor. of Pearl and Terrace streets. See advertisement. Western Hotel, corner of Pearl and Terrace streets. See advertisement. Iniuranoe Agents — Pickering A Otto. See advertisement. John A. Gardner, Merchant's Exchange. Harvet Hdtcrins, 4 West Genesve street. Davis W. Andrvs, 1 Harvey's Building, corner of Swan and Main streets. Iron Railing Works— George Jones, cur. of Terrace A Henry sts. Marble, Slate, &o.— Geo. 0. Vail A Co., Wholesale Dealers in American and Italian Marble and Kooflng Slate, Washington Dock, foot of Chicago street. Mechanics* Tools, dic<— L. A I. J. Whits, 82 Uhio street, vertisement. See sd< Melodeous— G. A. Phincr a Co., Manufacturers of the Improved Patent Melodeons, Buffalo, New York, and Chicago. Native Wine Manuflictarers- Gibbons A IIaqer, 67 Exchange street. See advertisement. Turner Brothers, at New York, Buffalo, and San Francisco. Nawapapaia— JitmaU) Ctniritr, 192 Washington street, James H. SANoroRD, Proprietor. See ad- vertisement. £uf(ilo JtepuMic and Timtt, 182 Washing- ton street, C. C. Bristol, Editor and Manager. See advertisement. Biiffalo Morning KtprtM, Main street, A. M. Clapp a Co., Proprietors. See adver. Land Agent A Xntelligenoe Office— John Adams, 26 East Seneca street. Lard, OU, and Candle Faototy— >v II. V. MoREY, Caroline street. Oil Manuihctnrer— F. S. I'EAsa, 61 Main street. Oysters, Fruits, Ac— W. Rows, 197 Main street. See advertise- ment. Phyeioian— Dr. E. B. Mclntyre, comer of Beak and Ex- change streets. Cancers successfully treated. Cures warranted. Produce Commission Merchants— Cobb A Co., (C. Cobb A A. Cobb,) 20 and 21 Prime street. Whitiho a Amnin, (D. W. Whiting A J. V. W. Annin,) 9 Central Wharf. Shipping and Insurance Agents— Pickering A Otto. See advertisement. Storage, Produce, and Coals— Chas. W. Evans. The Evans' Ship Canal. See advertisement. Straw Goods and Millinery— W. H. Woodward, 287 and 289 Main street. See advertisement. Tea and Coffee Dealers- Bradford A Chase, 271 Main street. Tin, Copper, and Iron Ware— F. C. Hill, 2i)9 Main street. See adver. Variety Store, Fancy Goods— S. 0. Barnum, 211 Main street. See adver- tisement. Wholesale Grocers— ' John A Thomas Sully, 42 Main street. - Wholesale and Retail Grocer— Alexander Sloan, 82 Main street. Wines and Liquors— Murray A Brother, 7 Terrace street. See advertisement. Woolen and Clothing Store— Altman a Co., 40 Pearl street. , BARNUM'S QREAT VARIETY STORE, 211 Main Bt, BuflUo, N. T., liii|»irtor niicl Dniilnr In rurelica and DtimnMie ruiojr Uinitla, t'luhiiw Tukla. Tiiyi, Barlln Wonted, 8llki, 'I'liriiiulN, Nniillea, Mnnralmum Pl|iti.j|it., fcr. R. (>. BAHNIIM. WM. H. WOODWARD, »«•/«•«!« ¥ Httrntl Utmhr in (itraw Goods Artifleial Flowers, BiBBom, nixs, lAinn, VBLVBT8 K MILLINERY OOODB, 387 A »80 MAIN ST., BUFFALO. Cmrntr of Kmrh, OLD HARDWARE STORE, BstabUshed In 1818. DE WITT C. WEED & CO, 999 Main Street, corner Swan, {At tht Sign qftht Mill Saw,) B-LTPI'A.IiO, IT. TT., DRALER.1 IN EVERY VARIETY OF AMERICAN, GERMAN & ENGLISH HARDWARE. Dl WITT C. WEED, OEO. BEALS, WM, A. ARDERSON. "buffalo MECHANICS' tool WOlsr CORNER INDIANA. Mannfactnre Warranted COOPERS', CARPENTERS', SIXXP-STTZXiiSERS' Alio JOIN ERS' TOOLS; •llto — Planing. Tobaoed, Shingle, and Machine Knives, JVM a practical experience of over 32 years. LEONARD WHITE. I. JEWETT WHITE. GIBBONS &. HAOER, MANUrACTURERI Or GINGER WINE, NATIVE WINES, LEMON SYRUP, SARSAPARILLA SODA, Mim m ttemtrmi Jittmrtmumt mf Alynqrc, 87 Bzohanca 8t, Buffalo, N. T. Onliira roaportflilly willrltod and primiptly attendod to. T. MUKNAY. H. HUNKAT. MURRAY &. BROTHER, Importer* me»tio eeedt. GEO. F. NEEDHAIW, Buflfalo, N. T., 990 IVain Street. G. D. WIGHTMAN, 156 Main St., CUp-stairs,) BUFFALO, N. Y. Ti (> Book Illustrations, Drawing and EngfraviuK Portraits, Landscapes, Vicurs of Hotels, Stores, Steam- boats, machinery. Societies* Seals, Business Cards, ORNAMENTAL BILL HEADS, CERTIFICATES, LABGE OH SMALL, Show Bills, in Colours, Engraved to order. STEREOTYPES OR ELECTROTYPES FURNISHED, IF REQUIRED. Ord,n fnm a Di»Uinc« must be acernnpanied hy Drawings or a Dajjmn-eotype of the object required. ju_^ OLARENDON, MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, N. Y. E. RI0K0ORD8, Proprietor, BEMIVET TEMPERANCE HOUSE, 85 MAIN STREET. BUTTAIO, HIW TOSK. Tlie Subscriber, having leased t)ie above lioiibd fur a term of years, and ni'wlv fltted aud furnished the same, is prepnreu to ac- commodate all who may favour him with a call on the most reasonable termsi, This house is conveniently located, helnff between the Eastern and WeHtern depots, ana convenient to the Steamboat landing. Our beds are of the best quality. Rooms airy and light. Terms, |1.00 pur day. N. B. THORP, Proprietor._ MoINTTRE HOUSE, Cor. Exoluuige & Beak 8tf., Ten rods ft-om the Great Union Railroad Depot, BUFFALO, N. Y. J. L BATES, Paop'ft. WESTERN HOTEL, Cor. Fefirl Street & Terrace, BUFFALO, N. Y. D. R HULL, Pbop'b. Tern%»i #l«9ft P*** day, LOV E JO vnHOUSE, ISAAC X. P1TTHAN, Frop'r, Oor. Pearl &. Terrace Streetf, A^ear th« Dtpot and Sttamboat Landing, BUFFALO, N. Y. Board, One Dollar per Dav> GAS & WATER. The Undertigned, hating piirchased the Inttrest of T. S. HAMPTON, in the old e»tahli»htd GAS FiniNO AND PLDHBINO BUSINESS, OR THE CORNER OF Pearl & Seneca Streets, Buffalo, Beg leavo to call the attention of their fricnils and patrons, und the public Reijorullv, tu their spIiMidid asfiurt- nient of Uos Fixtures. ,1M| Naw York.MOi Suip«iulonBiUga,9M) MUwMikM, iS>| ChlntD,IMinU«.l " Dktroit, a flourishing city and port of entry of the State of Michigan, and sent of Jns- tioe of Way no County, on Detroit River, 18 miles above the head of LaIco Erie. U is beautifully oltuatcd on the AV. bank of tlte river, which is here about half a mile wide, and forms one of the finest harbours in tlic United States. Tin. port of the city contigu- ous to the river is built on a rectangular plan, extending 1200 feet back fi-om the shore ; the space beyond this is divided into triangular sections by a number of avenues, which converse to an open area called the Grand Circus. These avonuesvary in width from 120 to 200 feet The principal buildings and public offices are situated on Jefferson and Wood- ward avenues. Tlie city Is adorned with several public squares, one of which is named the Compus Martius. Jefferson avenue, one of the nnest streets in the city, is well paved, with brick and stone sidewalks. Woodward avenue, croselpg the first at right angles, is the principal business street Congress street is also dietlnguUhed for its fine appear- ance. Among the remarkable edifices may be mentioned the old State House, a commodi- ous lirick building, 00 feet by 60, with a dome and steeple 140 feet high, which commands an extensive view, embracing the city with Its environs, Lake St. Clair nnd the Canadian shore; the City Hall, which Is a brick building 100 feet by 60, and the Bank of Michigan, t. substantial structure of stone, in the Grecian style, which cost about f40,000. Detroit has a well-organized system of public schools. It contains 28 churches, 4 banks, a muse- um, theatre, and two orphan asylums. The railroad company hove a large brick freight house, about 600 feet long by 100 feet wide. Ten or eleven newspopcrs are publiphed in Detroit, three of them dally, and the others tri-weekly, or weekly. The city Is lighted with gas, and also supplied with wat«r of the purest quality from Detroit River. " Detroit Is adniirayy situated for commerce, nnd its importance Is greatly enhanced by its Intimate and extensWe relations with a region towards which a prodigious tide of emi- gration is flowing. By its position on the great chain of lakes, nnd by means of the con- necting rivers and canals, It nas a ready communication with the principal centres of trade. " The manufactures of the city are extensive and Important, consisting of steam-engines and various other kinds of machinery, mill-irons, sioves, ploughs, cabinet ware, Ac. Brewing and tanning are also carried on to a considerable extent At the different steam saw mills here in operation, about 10,000,000 feet of lumber are annually turned out " The trade of Detroit is immense. Population about 60,000." ed by erai- con- trade. igines Ac, fteam I i, a. Nii'Hoi.a. uiiw I.* r*vuti. NICHOLS & LEFAVOUR, «k Smt W«rt of Woedwud, Datrelt, MUk. OUVEU UOUUKE, TEAS, COFFEES, SEOABS, BraMlIci, WIms * LiqMn, laa JEFFERSON AVENUE, TD'mT-m.QX'r. WM. T. WHEELER k CO, OommlMdon Merohantii ■tone anil OIiuh Win >t whiilruls. Ynlhiw Ware In lllniil iiackiwm. AImi, Acriiti fur Kiiiii>|i'a F»Unt uul .•rualiw Laiii|w, KgriMliia kiiil I'arlKiii (liiii, kn. Karu 86 JEFFESBOH AYEVIJE, DETKOIT, MICH. bTg. stimsonT ~ PRODUCE, COMMISSION k SHIPPING WwrahoiiM on Dook loot of Batoi St, DETROIT, MICH. Liberal Ailvancoi niatle on pruduoe fur Sala In thia or Eutam Marketa. BIDDLK HOI SK, OOK. or jnmnuiON avbnub, AMD BAVOOLPM VtmnX, Br ORVILLE B. DIBBLE k SON. Detroit, Xioh. WESTERN HOTEL, 178 * 188 WOOSBRIDOE 8TBEXT. Cor. of Thlnl at Mlrhlcan Canlral R, l)ii|>iit. AUCXANOiCn UtAOBHATOI. Hni»rlclor. Thli »UI-«itahlUh*il llnlol la Immadlalnl/ iirar Iha Slnanihaiat LaiHlinn. It la riirnliliMl wllh all ni'niininn. allnna nxtaiaarv iu Ilia ronifurt or Iha travallnr. Thrra la no baltar •lanllnii than that In i-iiiiiiiH-tliiii with thia Molal. All tha cHx oninihiiHia anil ■Inau I'lmchi'i mil ilally Air uuaannra. Tha |Hirl«rn of thi) bouMiwill ai- waya ba (iiuwl allanlWa aiul Iniatworlliy. franci8~crXwfoud, lamd and tax agent, OflM vm IW JTaAnoa At., Dttrolt, Mleh. will liiiy anil mill Landa, CIt; Lota, Coppar Hlnrka, I'ny Taiitu, fUniiiiiir Tltlim, l.iian Miinay, kn. Harllriilnr iit- tantlon paiil to Hiiyln« aiul Hallliia Coupar Htorka iirCiini- panii'i lorattHl In Detroit, anil of WIM Ijinili throiiiihout ilia 8tala, ami will ilu • Uvnaral Commlaalun and Culttii't- Inf ButlnaM, DETROIT WIRE WORKS, 109 flToodward Avenue. WILLIAM SNOW, Maniininturar and Dralar In Braaa and Iron Wire Cloth, Franch Burr Mill Htonra, Dutch Anchor Holtinn Clotha, Copper, Braaa, Btaal and \tnn Wlr«, Itlddlsa, Slovaa, Wood and Tin Cavea, Sanil Brreona nml Chceio Hnfra. Window Ouanli and WIra Work of all deacrlpllona, made to order. DAVID PRESTON k CO., BANKERS k BROKERS, 107 O'EFFEZiSOST JL-VEXTTTE, DETZiOZT, X^ZOZX. XrtmUUh**, .««y, 18S9. •««« Jfour* /)r»m 8 J, Jm. (• S J*. .Iff. All clauea of Bank Notoi, American and Foroivit Oold and Silver Cotna niimlioacd at our qnoted ratea, COLLECTIONS.— We are prepared to make collectiona In evorjr part or the United Btatea and In the Canodoi, MbMtratea. ,gg^ j, ^ BAXUTOTI AITS OOlOntBCIAL SKPOBTIB, la publiahod aeml-monthljr bjr David PRfHTON k Co., at ONE DOLLAR per year, in advance, Culu Chart incliiUcd. Eatabliahed in June, 183d. Detroit Daily, Weekly &, Semi-Weekly ADVERTISER, 212 JEFFERSON AVENUE, DETROIT, MICH. Tllli OLIIE8T AND LAHOiUT PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT IN THE NOBTH-WEST. KVEBY VARIETY OF BOOK AND JOB PRINTING- Bone on the Shortest »fV>ficc. T EX^Ii,^ Sr Daily Advertiser, to Mail Subscrihem, |6.00 per annum. Daily Advertiser, to City Subscribers, 12ic. per week, or 6.00 " " Semi-Weekly Advertiser, 2.00 " " Weekly Advertiser, 1.00 " " I i ** « r , -1. ^' -i: n ^ ' 1 ' .1- - "^- i» .' ^ , .• 1 * » '-,/ '. V I ^• 1' 1 . \ AKKIW Ai WAUNKU, Pr«d«ce CMiaiMloi MtrcliMti« Ml HtNlll BT., OHIOAOO, ILL. ^M I J N N , S( >'( YVT Ac (!( )', OommiMdon Merohanta AND (IR.MN KLKVATOJW, •HO Wnlfr Htrrrt, Cliic««o, 111. W. W. MoLEAN A. 00., PRODDCE m mmm merchants. 'm Hiurrii watkh htkket, Ohleue, 111. P»rtlouUr •tUntlon girtn to th* purehM* of Ortin, rioUT, *0. iiriii TO MtHn. Or*7 A (IIahkII, N»m York. " lUrrry, Hi'iiililrr A <'ii., Ilotton. " (lllihi, tirimii * I'u., ( liloHKo. IlL " Miiii|rr M Armour, I'lilcitiii, III, " (antion k Mutthawi. HNltTmurci, MtrjrUntl. " liiK'liaiiiin, JnliiM A Churvh, Uitvtnporl, low*. J. i. NnwrDinli, llDitnn. Win. Ht. Joliii, Miiicitlinc, lowt. II. <>. Vl< ki>ry, Kai|., (flrm in*. (!»non * Cn.) Ball., Md. K. K. Uc>(lg«ra, bc|., ('hlrar III. II. W. Zluimtriuin, Kiq., Clilcago, III. R. MoCinrSNEY, PXIODT7CB Commission Merchant, 184 SOUTH WATER HTIIKKT, (IN HTIII.'* BLOCK,) CHIOAQO, ILL., will rIvu (icnnnal «tleiiMnn to the purchMC tnd ihlpiiiL'iit of all kind, of Produce. Will alio atttnd to iirocurliig Freight for VeMcli. Cuh udvuDce* made on produce foriale In Raitem tIarkeU. GEO. STEEL & CO., General Commission Merchants, AND PROVISION CORNERS, CniCAOO, ILLINOIS. M*nr f • Menn. Oeo. Smith * (M., Banker*. Chicago, III. " Richard Irvin A Co., Nenr York. Ilon. John Young, Montreal. BIiAOE BALL LINE, LIVERPOOL PA0KET8. MASON & CO., Agents, Soil Sight Drans on ENOLAND, IRELAND, AND §COTLAIVD, And Passa^ Tickets from liverpool to Chicago. 150 SOUTH WATER ST., CHICAGO. A. T. SHKUMAN k CO., BANKRIfl 4 EICHINfiE BROKEIH, 44 CLANK AT., CNIOAaO, ILL. WM. 0. * SAUL J. KimilL, I'LOIJU MEUCIIANTS, in South Water at, Ohloaflo. IlL ALONZO HK'UMOND, ISa South Water Straat, OhloafO, IlL 3D. O. 3€Ji.X^T. at OO., IS§N, NAILS. STIEL. k HEAVY HARDWAKE. WAHIIINOTOV HTRKCT, (■•i Welb A rranklln,) ONIOAOO, ILLINOIS. CIIARLE8 8TARRKTT, PATENT RIOHT OFFICE, an * aiS Soath Wat«r Itreal, OIIOAOO, ILLIMOn. OEO. A. PRINCE ii CO., Manufacturer! of the PA.TEX7T XtrCSX.ODEOST, 110 Lakt Street, Chicago, III. ; Buffalo, N. Y. | and New York City. ~BARKER~HbU8Er (roBMCRLT oott'i hotrl,) Oapt 0HA8. W. BARKER. Prop'r. 80 RANDOLPH STREET, (Bet. State A Dearborn,) CHICAOO, IIXINOTS. TtiU Ifouae, having been newly fltlf>d up and fUr- nlihed, la now open for th« reception uf Uueile. Being centrnlly located, the I'roiirlvtor hnpcK, by every attention being ihown to (lueHte, to receive from the public hie ibare of patronag*. Board, 91.50 per Day. po8T-orrica box, 4464. thoihas p.~iACKi ENGLISH HOTEL, aoi XeiiBia St, Ohloago, ill. A. WRIGHT TURNER, Bole Agent for NEW YORK OIL COMPANY, Manufacturer! of LVBRICATING & LARD OIL For all kind of Machinery. Warranted not to con- geal In cold weather. AUo, Dealer* In Hpcrm, Whale, Flah, LInieed A Tanners' Ull, 48 Wuter iitreet, N. Y. OfBoe, No. 341 South Water Street, (Corner Franklin Street,) CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. *« ^ I f CtltCAUO, ILLIMOW. t CITY or «IIH',\UO, (II.I.IN<»IH) ItlMaM )MM M. Pm), «M I Htm T»Ht, N* i Mm iipwi, KM , MII«Mt•^ M mim | PuKviiii* til t*MI, ihl« irri'Ht ciiiiiiiM'ri'UI i'iii|><>rtiirii nf ih* tinrlh W)'«l, w«« « mrrn tml IllK |M«( •iiiUlat lliii Wtifwiliiiii of tli» liiillniia, •liiiU' wlili'li Itlim tt lum rrnoliinl « |Hi|iiiUl|iirt iif M|)Wiir|i>i| lti«|f wvwry 4 y»*r«. Tli* olty U •llimii'il on ih* Miiiili w<'*l<'rn •iil<> of IaUk Mli'hl|(itii, mul !• |nti'iy Inml aihI wntiT — hnvliiK lui'ti <il nil lli« wny to l,tvi'r|i<»il, (Kntr.) wllhoiil triiii>)il|>iiii'iil, vl* iIm' Wtllkiiil Cuniil Aiiil llliur Ml. lji«r«iiiin— inny tii< Rllrlliuliiil una icrntt i-uum for tu mplil t\*» mill |irot(i-)>*^ 'I'lii' Kriiiiinl on wliti'li tlix elly lUnil* U An i<«lriUt* of iK'niillfiil nml fiTtllc |irnlrl<'*, lnti'r«|i)'ric«, ami illvrnilrttil liy (finllo •lopm, Kroin n rti'i'iit itiiMUIiiil MPi'oiint .if lIiU i-lty wa i|Uotxi— " Thi< oily I* liilil out In ni'tntiKulitr IiIin>Ii>, wllh •iri'itit <>iili>n'>t ri'«li|i>ni'r*, Iml thi< iirlnclpal liiialnoia U lruiiM\i't>> •oitlh •hja of tha rivi-r, ihx hank* of ihi< Mxilh hranrh IicImk llni'il wllh iloolia an. I lMri/;« wardioiiai"*. .Waiiy of tlin itr'i't* ar« pavi'il with plank* and IlKliti'd with Ka*. Mli'lilxan av<>nui>, whu-h U, pcrhnpo, the inont lu'aiitiful *lro«>t In tlm city, fxtundi alunK th, and |iarallul wllh thU, U Wahanh awniin, and IVMahytrrlan Chundi. Tha Court lloiiiii U a «plipond, anil a court riHHii anil town hall on tha third, with a cu- pula and riHif of Hitlvnnixi'd Imn. Thr 5lartna lloapltnl U a apacloui and handtoinii Ixilld- in)(, of Milwaukee brick. Tha Second IVcaliytcrlan Church, at tha ci>rncr of Waliaih and Wnxhinifton •trrnta, In the Oothlu atyle, with a atfcpla about UIN) fcut high, U perhapa th« moKt beautiful edltlca of Ita cIum wrat of New York. It U built of a kind of pitvhy atona, In which black and whita ar« mln|j;lcd, and prat«>nt^ a tlngular and atrlklnx iippvaranoc. ChlcHKo contnlnii a«rMin*l Pruiwrtr, Vmn. Valiinlliiii i>t. Valimllim i m CHICAGO. brace every section of the Union. Every extension of railroads forms a centre, embracing the breadth of land which feeds that centre, as the square of the distance From every point of the compass these lengthening roads run from Cliicago over the most fertile country. It is therefore not to be wondered at that Chioogo is the greatest grain depot in the world." In the year 1888, only 78 bushels of wheat wcs exported from Chicago. The following table will give seme idea of its extent during the last fi years: — SHtPliUfTI OF OBAIN nOU OBIOAOO FOB F(VI TEAIW. Wheat. Cora, Oatf. Bsrlov, Hve, Tutsi, Yean, biiiheli. buahrli. buaheli. bualielg. butheli. biiahula. 1853.... 1,680,098 2,780,258 1,748,498 120,276 82,102 6,412,181 1854.... 2,644,800 6,837,890 8,230,087 148,421 41,158 12,932,820 1855.,.. 7,116,270 7,617,678 1,888,588 92,0.32 20,182 10,08.3,700 1856.... 0,410,868 11,129,668 1,014,547 10,051 fiOO 21,583,221 1867.... 10,788,292 6,814,616 416,778 17,098 .... 18,032,078 Regarding the prices of grain and flour for the same periods, we find them to be as fol- lows:— AVERAQE PniCES OF ORAIN AMD FLOUR. Winter Spring Wheat, wheat. Com. Oat». Yean. Per Buahel. Per Buahel. Flour per Barrel. Per Buahel. Per Biiahel. 1868 86 60 8 76 a 6 26 47 88 1854 , . . . . 1 80» 1 09 6 98 a 7 48 48J 80 1855 156 181 7 ma 8 14* 02 38* 1856 127* 105* 4 01 a 6 26 88 28* 1857 1 17* 98 • 5 05* 58 80* " With the year 1857 comm<^nced not only a marked revival in the foreign trade for grain, mostly wheat, but a lorge expenditure of money, amounting since to $180,000,000 for the construction of those railroads which have- drained the surrounding grain country into Chicago, and have also aided its sales. In Chicago, during the last five years ending with 1860, when there were no railroads to bring wheat into the city, wheat averaged 76 cents per bushel. In the last five years it has averaged $1.23 per bushel. Corn has aver- aged 60 cents, against 33 cents at former periods. The effect of these prices has been the immense increase in the grain supplies, particularly corn. The $180,000,000 which has been spent in the last-named period for the construction of railroads has, to a large extent, become capital in the hands of cultivators who have produced the grain. The value of the wheat and corn brought to market at these two periods was as follows : — , Five years to 1851 , , Five yeara to 1858. , Buahela. Price. Value, Bushels. Price. Value. Wheat 9,708,611 75 $7,278,709 81,648,785 $123 $39,.554,731 Corn 1,524,0.')6 83 508,212 85,080,113 50 17,540,056 Total 11,228,247 .. $7,786,921 07,723,898 .. $57,094,787 " Thus the value of these two grains alone, received at Chicago, has been equal to an in- crease of nearly $60,000,000, or $10,000,000 per annum. This trade has been developed during the season of high prices abroad, and while the railroads have not operated fully. The corn has been received one-half by the canal, and the remainder by the railroads The wheat has come to hand nearly altogether by railroads. The teams in the last year brought in about 200,000 bushels, and the canal 880,000 bushels, together 10 per cent of the whole. " It is obvious that the business of Chicago has been based on a solid foundation ; that the natural products of an area of at least 200 miles diameter, intersected at every point by railroads, has been drawn into her warehouses, and the fast-settling country has required merchandise in return. The operations for a moment has encountered a check, but cannot be lasting. Prices of grain may decline for the moment, but the general trade cannot but increase. The whole machinery is now in operation. If railroad expen< CHICAGO. 95 (llturo Ih 1c89, the nttrnctlona of the land are greater, and vaat tracts itlU Invite settler* to add to tlie future resources of Chicago, " At this moment, the mnehinery of production and trnnsportntlon, in and around Chi- cago, indlcutes that it Is just now entering upon its career. The prices for grain for the moment are dull, owing to good harvests abroad, but the Western country can now sell and deliver cheaper than ever. The rullrtwd expenditure Is to bo run down for the present ; but it follows that the local demand for food Is also less in proportion ; that while the whole industry of the section is turned to production, it depends upon the foreign market only for the sale of Its surplus. The earnings of th6 railroads Indicate the immense development of business they hnvo occnsioned." The number of vessels which arrived at Chicago during 1867 was 7,667, with a tonnage of 1,763,413. " C;iilcago, as a lumber market, lias for mony years stood pre-eminent. Its rise and pro- gress is only equalled by the ropld development of the city as a centre of the territory west of the great lakes ; and, In importance, this branch of its commerce is second 'perhaps to no other. The river banks are lined for miles and miles with the immense piles of lum- ber which is shipped to Chicago from the pineries of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Canada, and It Is perhaps tho best criterion that could bo adopted to comprehend the magnitude of the trade. The capital invested in the lumber business Is Immense. Xot to speak of the property owned by mcrehanta In mills and woodlands, the wealth which Is Invested In stock, in docks, and in real estate in that city, cannot be less than ten or a dozen niilliun dollars. The fleet of lumber vessels alone did not cost less than a million and a half of dollars; and the number of hands employed in the business, one way and another, cannot fall short of ten thousand. " With these leading features of the large commerce which is carried on In Chicago, in receiving the produce of the fast-settling prairies, and supplying them with lumber and goods, a large manufacturing business has grown up in the city. Tho capital and hands employed are as follows: — MANUFAOTiaiES OF CHICAGO. Valno of Capital, Hnndii. ManiU'octurcB. Iron works, steam-engines, &o $l,7fi3,y00 2,866 ^3,887,084 Stoves 185,000 70 S38,000 Agricultural implements 597,000 575 1,134,300 Brass nnd tin wore, Ac 257,000 351 471,000 Carriages, wagons, Ac 800,000 881 948,160 High wines, beer, ale, Ac 497,000 165 1,150,320 Soap, candles, lard, Ac 290,000 100 528,021 Furniture 354,000 504 543,000 Stone, marble, Ac 617,950 843 896,775 PlaninR mills, sashes, doors, Ac 445,000 554 1,092,397 Musical instruments 13,200 31 37,000 Leather 335,000 128 432,000 Lurrels, wooden ware, Ac 178,700 171 357,250 Brick 300,000 600 712,000 Flour 325,000 78 636,509 Chemicals 15,000 15 32,000 Harness, saddles, Ac 82,900 220 271,000 Sheet and bar lead 25,000 75 100,000 Glue and nent'a-foot oil 20,000 15 25,000 Starch (estimated) 15,000 25 75,000 Dnguerreotvpcs, ambi'otvpes 75,000 75 100,000 Engraving.Ac .' 11,000 80 29,500 Cigars 8,000 20 10,800 Whitelead 50,000 10 7,200 Types, Ac 20 Hoots, shoes, clothinji, A other miiniif's, est. 500,0o0 1,750 750,000 Miscellaneous (reported) 4:!9,700 502 1,044,697 Total !*7,759,400 10,573 $15,515,003 £1,551,880 stg. £3,103,012 stg. 96 MILWAUKEE, STATE OF WISCONSIN. CITY OP MILWAUKEE, (WISCONSIN.) [DlaUnl ftom MoDlnia, m I Ntw York, 1040 1 Chicago, ei t St. Pkul, 431 mUM.] " MiLWAUKEi, tlie largest and most important city in the State, and, after Chicago, the most flourishing on the lalces, b situated on the west shore of Lake Mioiiigan, and on both sides of Milwaulcee Uiver. It is pleasantly located, partly on the flats bordering the river, and on the bluffs rising abruptly from the lake to the height of some 100 feet The river, running nearly parallel to the lake in a southerly direction, is navigable for the largest steamboats over two miles from its mouth. " As the commercial capital of Wisconsin, its situation demands particular attention. The laws which govern trade and travel are, by the improvements and spirit of the age, reduced to two: — 1st The shortest route to market; 2d. The quickest and efteapest mode of transportation. The products of the Northwest seek a market upon the Atlantic coast Heretofore, New York and Boston have monopolized the trade of this region. They will always retain a large share of It ; but the recent Improvements In the Canadas, and those projected, are rapidly diverting trade to the valley of the St Lawrence. Business rela- tions are being established between the cities of Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, and Hamilton, on the one hand, and the Western Lake ports on the other. As regards New York and Boston, Milwaukee holds the most favourable position of any port on the western shore of Lake Micliigan. Taking Buffalo as a common point on all the lines of trade between tliese ports and those markets, it will be seen : Ist. That Milwaukee, by water communication, has the advantage for time and distance over any place at the t < 2d. For the most direct route to Buffalo, either by land or water carriage, MilwauT n as the direct communication by the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad is openeu) ■<, the moet natu- ral centre for all the trade and travel between the Northwest and vf. The Oldest Bstablishment in the City AMERICAN HOUSE, p. XANB A SON, Frop'ra, MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. This House havlnff been lately nbuilt and renimlahed throuKhuut, tlie public may Im amiun^d that the accuni- mudatiLus uf the Amvricau ■hall not be aurpused by any house in the city. This ia the most ninv nnlent House to the Poat-offlcea, Busiuoaa llunans, and Railroad Oeputa. XEAH ft BICE, Proprietors. The Largoat and moat elegant Houao in the N(>rthweat. Tranaient Oueata, $2.00 per day. JOHN W. LEDYARD, 161 EAST WATER STREET. I am daily in receipt from New York, of every thing in the way of fine Family Oroceriea, which will always bo offered at Wliulesale nod Retail, at reasonable prices, and aent to any part of the city free of charge. WM. H. TABXHALEE & CO., DBALIRS IN CnOICB Family Groceries, 31 WISCONSIN STREET, MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN. JOIDf PLANKINTON & CO., MANCrACTIIRERS OF SOAP & CANDLES, WEST WATER STREET, (Near the M. t M. R. R. Depot,) MILWAUKEE. JOHN OODEN, MiiHu/avturer and Dealer in CARRIAGES OF ALL KINDS, Repository on Spring Street, (Between 2d and 8d streets,) MILWAVKEE, WISCONSIN. J. O'BBIEH. 0. LE DROIT. JAMES O'BRIEN, ORGAl^ BVILDER, CORNER OF Milwaukee & Michigan Sts., MILWAUKEE, WIS. i it VB MILWAUKEE. difficulty of nci'linmtlori. On thu other hninl, Inntnncot arc iniinvrotiK df people coming licru with tvtiili'iicy to dlAcaifA of vnrlout klmlii, wlio Imvf, aftvr ii fi'W yt'nrV ri'i'lilt'ncc, en- tirely recovtri'd. In »iininier It U nut iiilijcct to tlio excoimlvely hot ami nultry wcnthiT of low townit, am', in winter thure In not the innie iiitentity uf cold — the lake being colder than the ntnioHphere In aumnier and warmer in winter. " The pply the city with 100,000,000 fett aniiually. " From the same authority we find it stnttd that the receipts and exports at this place, the present season, exceed those of Chlcogo, and there Is no reason to show why they may not for the future. " Milwaukee is one of the largest grain-mui kets In the world. Probably nine-tenths of the surplus wheat (the staple) of the State, in sbippcd from her port. So high has Wis- consin wheat stood at the Eastern and Enr«|iean markets, thot Its merchants have been able to sell It for eight to ten cents per bushel above the prices for Illinois and more south- ern States. Tlds <'ict has turned the attention of farmers to raising it, to the exclusion of other groins ; and, v,hile the wheat crop, since 1860, has Increased at the ratio of fifty per cent, per annum, the crops of rye, oats, barley, and corn, have remained st4ttlonary, or ad- vanced only with the home demand." The number of arrivals and departures of v^'sels durlns' the year 1867 were 4,720, with an aggregate tonnage of 2,009,826. ILc luuuage ot Milwaukee In 1860, was 21,497.60. The manufactures of Milwaukee, arc, comparatively speaking. In thei.'* Infancy — although It shows signs of great extension in several departments. In 1866, there were 26 breweries In operation, brewing chiefly lager beer — to supply the Oemian population in the city and countrj*. Of the 76,000 barrels monufactured, about 80,000 were sent out of the city. In the manufacture of its celebrated bricks, fully 800 ore employed regularly. Flour mills, beef-packing establishments, boot and shoe making, clothing and ship-build- ing, make up, for the most, the list of manufactures ot present. " Milwaukee is connected by railroads with every section of the Union. Tlic Milwaukee and Mississippi, the Illilwaukce and Watertown, east and west, connecting the lakes and the Mississippi River. The La Crosse and Milwaukee, and the Chicago, St. Paul, and Fond du Lac Railroads, each connecting her with Lake Superior. Tlie railroad from Green JJny, through Milwpukee, to Chicago, comnjonly enlled the (Michigan) Lake Shore Road, is to her what the Hudson River railway is to Troy and Albany, in the State of New York." The foregoing notice of Milwaukee Is copied, for the most part, from "Wisconsin as it is," by F. Gerhard. ojiIp coming vuldonco, en- ■ weiitlier of buiiiK colder , itjf.,) wcru if n lu ti){ht. illdiii^ nioro ght-uoloured me In ahun- let aniiunlly, kt this place, ly they may Be-tenth» of gh hag Wi»- I have been more eouth- exclusion of ( of fifty per nory, or ad- were 4,'7'20, 1866, wag 7 — lilthough 9 supply the urcd, ttbout 1 Bhip-build- Mihvniikee e likkos mid 1, and Fond Green J?«y, ad, is to lier [)rk." iiii as it is," M V'll fh ' 11' ■f!i 100 MAUI80N. — OAI'ITAL OF STATE OF WISCONSIN, MADISON.-CAPITAL OF WISCONSIN. " KIaiiuon, the capital of WiMoniln, and teat of Juitloe uf Dan*, the largrit und mutt protluLllvo county In the Ktnto, It iltuated on a rlilng ground, between two lowly liikvn, and l« the mott niagnlAoent tite of ony Inland town in the United Htatt*. On the uurtli- weit it Lake Mcndula, nine nillet long and ilx wide ; on the eatt Monona, flvu nil'iut lun^ and three widt. The olty I* cclol>rated for the beauty, health, and pleatantneia of iti loca- tion ; commanding, at It doet, a view of nearly every oharacteriatlo of country peculiar in the Wc«t — the prairie, oak opening, mound, lake and womlland. Tlie turfaco of the ground it tomewiiat uneven, but in no place too abrupt for building purpoeet. Tlic tpace l)etwepn thcte Inket it a mile in width, riting gently at it luavet their bnnkt to an altitude of about tevcnty feet, and it then alternately dcprcMvd and eluvatcd, making the tito of the city a teriet of gently undulating twellt. Un the mott elevated ground It the State Iloute, In the centre of one of Naturo't Parkt of flfteen acret, overlooking the ' Four Laket' and the turronnding city. From thit the ttrcott diverge in every direction, with a gradu- al dcteent on all tldct. " To the wett, about a mile dittant, it the State Univenity, in the mldMt cf a |)ark uf 40 acret, crowning a beautiful eminence. On the touth tide of Lake Mono'. a It a R|)aciouH Water-Cure ettabllthment, lurrounded by on oxtcntive grove, and ])rct«nting a very ttrlk- liig appearance on approacliing the city. Around Madiion, in every direction, I* a well- oidtivated, undulating country, which it fait being occupied by pleaunt hornet." Bayard Taylor, in au account of a vitit to the wett, thut write*, regarding Madiion :— " For natural beauty of tituation, Madltun »urpaMei any Wettern town I have teen. It is built on n narrow iBthmui, between the Third and Fourth Laket^ On the luumilt of n mound itandi the State Ilotiie, In the centre of a Imndiomo iquare of fourteen aerei, from which broad, tmooth ttrcota diverge, with a gradual deicent on all ddei. To the wett, and about a mile diitant, ttnndt the University, on the tummlt of a hill, or mound, of about equal height. The Maditoniant count seven hillt, but I could not make them all out dUtinotly, nor do I think it ncccuary to the beauty of the place thai it. thould have a forced resemblance to Rome. In one retpect it it equal — in a eofc, beautiful, oreani-coluur- ed ttone, which furnishes the nobleit building material. Many of the business blocks and private houses display architectural tasto." The real estate and personal property is estimated at |8,000,000, "There are twenty-five wagon-roads, seventeen different mail stage routes, diverging in every direction from Madison, Over seven hundred loaded teams have arrived here in u single day, bringing from ten to fifteen thousand bushels of wheat to market, with largo quantities of other produce. Nearly 700,000 bushels of wheat alone were marketed here in a single year, " It is, pre-eminently, the great railroad centre of Wisconsin, and enjoys, in an enviable degree, all those peculiorly fovouroble advontoges. Four great lines diverge here : the Milwaukee and Mississippi; the Milwaukee, Watertown, and Madison ; East and West, con- necting the lakes with the Mississippi River; and the La Crosse and Land-Grand Roads, running from Madison to Lake St. Croix and the City of Superior, ot the heod of the Inke. " Tlie system connects with the Chicago, Fond du Luc, and Superior Road, on the east and north, and the Belolt ond Madison Road on the south. " An abundant supply of bulldlng-moterinl iu found here. The most beautiful stone, easi- ly quarried and cut, abounds In its immediate vicinity. Bricks moy be had to an unlimit- ed extent, and timber of all kinds con be commanded wlienever needed for use." In the public libraries of Madison, tliere ore 18,000 volumes. A sum of $400,000 wos estimated to be expended on public buildings lost yeor. At jwe- sent it possesses a university endowed with an income of |30,000, besides fully organized colleges, schools, and literary Institutions. Population about 13,000. GRAND RAIMDH, MICIIIOAN. AeeoantAnt imd 0«n«nil Agent for Orand Klvi>r Htt'amboat Cu. — Z«nM (). Wlntor, oorncr WMhington •ml Jeffcnon ttrcaU Attorney t-at- Law and lisnd Agenti^ — IkU M MoKce, Monroe ttreet, Attorney! and Couniellora^t-Lnw, and Bol- lolton In Chancery. — Ilolmea A Roblnton, Monroe etreet Attomeye-at-Law and Bolleiton In Chancery. — Patteraon A Snow, Oanal etrvet Attomev and CoanMllor-at-L«w.— PranoU D. Boaraman, Monroe etreet Attorney and Counieliorat-Iiaw, and Bollol- tor In Chancery.— E. H. Eggleeton, Canal ■treet Attorney, Notary Public, General Land and Inniranoe Agent — Peter Rooh, Canal tt. Attorney and Couniellor-at-Law. — Jamet MUter, Canal ttreet DIrcctarjr* Attorney and Conni«llorat-Law.— 4lo]omon L. Wltbey, SU Canal itreet. Attomey-at-Law and Real Eetate Agent— Thomaa D. Worrall. Canal etreet DookMller and Htationcr.^Jobn Terbune, Jr., Luoae Ulock, Monroe ttreet Bridffe Htreet Houte, (Oerman Hotel,) Oott- lleb Chrltt, proprietor, Bridge ttreet Snauinr am/ I/nald.—A. E, Uordon, Kdltor, Canal ttreet Orand Rapid* Sagh, (Dally and Weekly.)— Aaron B. Turner, K bri) ■ > 1 • » Intt Coi hl« Mflt ncc IM abl vcr ln« grn flo\ J -.-,-" she wh ' 0011 ndj - ■ ■ - ■■ '.■ the foil ■ eilv <>ra "■ Stn one ■ • .. ' :■: * , Ibo bet 1 trn C '■ HTATK or It.t.INUlM. 101 ILMNOIH. „ 1/ •> ' •ill TiMNoia, on* of tha W^itorn ITnltml Htntm, l« IioiiikI^-^I on th* N, \>y WItoonitn ; T,. )>y I^itk* MIi'IiIkbii mitl linlUiiii, fmin thi< l**t of wlilch It I* punly iKiiarittixl liy tha Witliiuli Klvrr; H, l)y tli« Ohio Klvnr, wlilcli ■'■|>nrntrt It from Kviiiucky; aikI H. W. •ml \V. Iiy MU«<)url ami lowit, from whioh It I* ix'ioirntoil hy tli* MImI-^I|i|)I Itlvvr, It lli<* l>i>twvi>n :i7' aihI 4'i* ill)' N. Ut., mitl hftwcmi N7^ an' ntxl ttl* 4o' W. Imi., hvltiK ikliout aNi) nilira In vxtrt'inr liDKth from N. to H., nnd ulioiir 'Hm In It* Kft-ntiit, aikI nlmut 140 inlUii In li* uvvniKf br'Ailth, InoluilInK nn,4(ia «|Ui«r« Mitl|uilAtlon In thU «>• ulirrAntly fvrtlU HtAtu, whIoh Iia* icurvdy iiiiy >oll uncultlvAlilo, I'oi'VLATioN.— Thrru wiTi) In IlllnoU li.-jNi InhAUtAntu in IHIO; fiS.UII In IHIO) 107,440 In IHao; 47«t,IHa In IHIO, and Mfil,47o In IHAO, of whom 44S.n44 wvro whlt« mal«ii, 4iM),4t)i) foninlri; 27 SO colored niAJet, And 2(tlO ftniAli'*, DiriKti AND ToWMt, — IlllitoU ItA* A number of thriving town*, and w) rnpldly do thry In- ercAit<>, tliAt th« ccniu* of IHfiO will ho In nmny rAi<>« fnr liolow tho truth i l>ut, for wnnt of otlii'r rvllnlilu InfurniAtlon, wc muxt A Ihvrr to It, ChlcnKo U tho larKont city, popiiUtion I.SO,(M)Ot Ijulnry, nuol i Onh>nA, fl(N)4 ; IVorla, AA02 ; Hprlnittlcld, 4Aaa, und Alton, :IH73; bcildii* IVru, Hock UUnd, llrldge I'mlrlo, Wnukt'^fan, IIvUhvIIIo, Jackaonvlllc, Juilot, Elgin, Ht Chariot, And nmny othrr flourUhIng vlUngf*. Fack or TUK Country. — IlllnoU li gunt-rnlly a tAhlo-lAnd, vicvatcd from 8S0 to HOO fori above tho levt'l of the Oulf of Mexico, with a giMieral inclination from N. to S., ii* Indlciitcd by the coune of the rivcrt. ThU itAtt>, goncrnlly opcAklng, may be chiiractcrlzcd a» level, though there are elcvntod bluffH on the IlllnoU Ulvvr, and ntlli higher ones on the MUkU- ■Ippl. There U a imiill trnet of hilly country in the M., ond In the N. W, U a good deal of broken land. Many ot the pralriui ore quite mnall, but others are very large; among the latter li Orniid I'rairle, extending from Juckiion Civunty, In a N. E. direction, to InxjuoU County, and varying In width from 1 to 12 miles, and even more, TIiIr U probably the highest land between the MlMliwippl and the Wabash. The prairie It everywhere skirted with wood, and on Ita border U a circle of settlements, which have been here located on account of the timber. The prairies are interspersed with groups of trees, but the limber Is generally sparse on them, which, however, scorns not to arUu from any thing unfavour- able In the soil, but from the annual burning of the prairie grai>s; for where this Is pre- vented, a foreHt of young trees speedily tprliign up, and farmers are thus enabled to proceed Inward with settlements, as It were, tier after tier. Tho prairies are not generally Hat, but gracefully undulating, and profusely decked with the greatest variety of beautiful wild flowers of every hue, which ravish the beholder with delight. Minerals. — IlllnoU has within her limits a largo portion of tho great lead region, which she shares with Iowa and Wisconsin. Oalena, In tho N. W. part of the statu, U almost wholly supported by trade in this mineral, Bituminous coal occurs in almoitt every county, and may be often obtained without excavation. Vast beds are found in the bluHs adjacent to tho American Ilottom. Copper abounds In the N. |>ort on Plum Creek, and on the Peckatonica River. It has also been found in Jackson and Monroe Counties. Iron U found In the southern part, and Is said to be abundant in tho north. Lime, zinc, some silver, morblo of a fine (juallty, freestone, gypsum, and quartz crystals are tho other min- erals. There are salt springs in Gallatin, Jackson, and Vermilion Counties, leased by the State. Medicinal springs, chiefly sulphur and chalybeate, are found In various ports, oiul one especially, in Jefferson County, is much resorted to. In tho southern |>art of the State U one strongly Impregnated with Epsom salts. Others of medicinal properties are found between Ottawa and Peru. Though Illinois presents but few bold or very striking features to the view of the traveller, she U not without her objects of interest to the lover of nature. Climate, Soil, and Productions. — Illinois, extending through more than 6° of longitude, loa NTATK or K.I.INOIM. hat iti>n«ltii*«h«t uMUr than ih* AlkniUi Mui»« In llix Miriiv |Mirall«la of Uiliiit fwll ill liii'hc* iif tniiw at on* tlni*. wliloh (lt IU< nii>r« llian a r«w itayi, hut at ■ haiiint tuivrvali ih« rtv<««n for two or thru* nionih*, ami Ihn mow IIm foraalonn M |H'rlor«i<««* from lliu pralrU*^ DiirInK lA y>'ar>, |i«ni
  • |oMrll 'inth, ami appU tro»« from A|iill Ut to May :inii>iliiii>« thi>r« U nona till n»ar tlia mi. I of OotoliDr, Tti» ■oiiilu'rn |iart, of «oui'«<<, liaa m nill>l>'r I'llinal* than Iha northarn, Cattla ofli wlmli' wintrr, In aKrIoiiltnral pa|Milillltlaa llllnola U un«ur|>aM«il, If »i|uallri|, liy any *ut« In Iha AiiiiM'li'an I'lmfnlvrat-y. In Mniia uf h»r rtvar Uittomi iha toll U UA fvat il<'t<|i, ami tho u|»- IhikI |>riilrli>« ar* Imt llttlu lnfi»«rwooi|, which tmtiimU for 'J or H inlli'*. Thx rt'ot U moKily |irolrl« to ths «ai>t«>rn llnilt, which U ti'miinatnl liy a chain of panily or rm'ky Muffa fk-oni U) ttt HM faat hl;(h. ThU Mnc rttfion la, howavcr, nut hmlthy, thiiiif(h piiilMilily ca|ialilti uf l>»lnK mailn ii> l>y draluai^ti. The Itm'k HIvcr country Ik another lilxhly ft>rlllc ilUtrlct on tha Uook Ulvcr ami lt« hranchea, Of tha Mina uhnrnctcr aro the rc^tlonn nliont th» San^nnion, KaikuckU, ami 4iihtT rlvcra, Other rcKlonaof IlllnoU »ru fertile; hut tlioau mcntioncil prnvnilni'ntly mi, priHlucInK not unfrtMiuuntly 40 l)U»hcU of wheat uml |ii0'4 luillan corn to Iha acre. ThU U <>«p4>clally trua 'if thn narrow river liottonm Itiit liatcly ailjiici'nt to tht'ir lianka. The pralriaa |, whU'li ••>|i«iriitM« tt frixii tli« Huif* '•( WIm'uiiiIii niiil IIU- nuU, UMiih liy MiMiiiirl, mul wv«( l>y tlm linlittii Torrtliiry •n'm>U, frtMU tlm fi>riii«r of wlilfli It It ««|iiir»t«il liy tliM MiMourl, mxl ttmn Uih Ultar by Ilia (irvat hlniii l(t»«r. It llaa (with tha iii iha !>•« Muluaa and MiMlMl|>|il lilvan) IjvtwvKii 40' an' ami U :tii north l«tltu<|a, niiil liatw«»ii W' iiikI u7* Wi>al loMKUinla, baliiK aliout UiNI uitUa In ratrwiia |i'ii|(th fruui (Mat tu wvat, •ml nliout iDV in hranclth, ImiliialliiK an Ar** uf 0o,ul4 t<|uara tiillva, or !i'i,aH4,U)lt) Mrva, uf whlah ouly •S'i.MM'i warn ImproTml III IHOO. I'oriiLATiuN.— Iowa h«i| 4U,iri Iiih«lilt4iiita In IHlo, bikI Itt'i.'iU In IN50, of whom UM,- RHO wrra wliltx ni«U>«, UO.UU-i whil-i f«in*|i<«, MM colourxil uiitUa, •ml |i)7 uolourail faiimla*. l)y • Ht»t« t!*ii*u< III IHA'i, tha |m)|iuUiIoii wm 'i.HMHHI, ^ Cmn AND TowMi. — At thu oaiiaui of INAO, |iurllni(ton wm tha UrKuit town In Iha H(aU| |M)|iulnlloii, 4(IHI, Ihiliu<|ii<-, Kfokuk, Mu*«*«tliie, itiul iMwniMtrt Imvo |H)|iulatloii( varying from SiXM) to niHMl. low* City hml • iHipiikllon uf Vlttit. Fad* or TiiK CoiiMTKT. — Tha lurfnua of Iowa l« Kt>n«r«lly i!orn|io««iil of rollInK |>r«lrt«a, havWiK nothing within It* limit* which appriNiohaa • mountain In ••iMVatloii. Thu hliflK'tt grounil In thu Htats U • |ilat«*u In thiil>ui|Ui<, U, p*rha|i*, OUU f«ut hlt(li. Thu Stjttu, liowuvur, may bti K«>n«ritlly duMirlbud ai n rolling pruirli', oroxad by rlvun wIumh; bank* ar« aklrtud with wo. Minkhau,— Iowa U rich In nilnural rviouruA A |>ortlon of thu groitt lead ri'Kiuu of liU- nol* and WlHOoniin uilvmU Into thU Statu, Thu oru U abundant, but Ilea dt'opur than on tha uaat ildu of thu rWur. I,uad mine* haru buun opunod In Uubuquu and Clayton Coun- tids, ZInu and copiMk' »ru alto found In thu mimiu localltlua, and In uounuutloii with thu luad. Tlitt grvat bituinlnou* t'onl-fluld of Iowa and Mlnaourl ha* an axtunt of noor 2articulRrly on Turkey Itiver, in the north |iart of the Stutu. Small mound^ from 3 to tl fuel high, and (oniutime* 10 or 12 in a row, ar« found on the luinu itreain, within 10 or IS mile* of it* mouth. A cave, luverul rod* in ex- tent, exiitt* In JaekMin County, from which ilow* a itreuni large enough to turn a mill The Upper Iowa and Makou-tiomm, — The peach-trcu blotsoms In April, full wheat ripen* In July, spring wheat In Augutt, and Indian corn in October. The river* are frozen over from 2 to 3 month* on an average each winter. The aoil of Iowa I* generally excellent, and of easy cultivation, with proirio and woodland intermingled. The valley* of the Red Cedur, Iowa, and Dea Moine* (we quote Owen'* Oeological Report), a* high a* lat. 42° or 42° 31', prcHent* a body of arable hind, which, taken a* a whole, for .lolines* In organic element*, for amount of aallue matter, and due admixture of eartKy miicnl. ■ afford* a com- HTAIKH CtF IOWA AND WIHCONHIN. blnntion that boloiigi only to tlio moRt fttrtilo iiplniul pIniiiK. ADor |inHHin){ Int. i'i" KO' north, iiriir tlip conllntiH of lli« Cot<>nii don I'ruirUw, it ilt'Milfitt!, knoliliy cniinlry rt'il with ((rnvt'l, mid Hii|i|Mirliii|^ a iwaiity v>')(t>tutioii, whihi tho h>w };roniulH nro oillicr wot or iiiitrHhy, or tilh'd with niitncrous ponds or IiiIcck, iind whcro tlio oyo ro\en In viiin in smroli of lirnlnT. North of -11" iio', nnd Ixstweon tlio liciid wnt,i'r« of tlu> (Irnnd, Nodnwiiy, nnd NiKlmniiotona IlivcrR, tlio xoil U inforior in i|imlily to timt •oiitli of tlio Nimo piiriiilol. Tho »liip1" • ■'' • li' Htnto nro Indiiin oorn, whoiit, nnd livo Htook, lionidoK oonHidornlilo qimntitioi* of oat», ry. , •mckwliont, liarloy, Iri«li potntooH, iiiit.tor, uhocno, liny, wool, ninplo mignr, lioonwnx, nnd lionoy ; nnuiiig culti- vnted to ndvnntngo. The grape, gooselierry, nnd wild plum nro indigenous. MANrK.\(TruK>>. — As n new'ly-seltled State, lown enn, of eourae, linvo made as y('t but lit- tle progress in mnniifaetures; though sho hns within her limits two important elements of ninnufneturing industry, vIa, nbundaneo of coal nnd wnter-power. CoMMKROK. — lown lins no foreign trnde, but is very favourably loented for internnl trntHo, wnsjied n» it is by tho Missouri on tho west, tho Mississippi on the enst, nnd its interior traversed by tho Dos Moinoo, lown, Oodnr, nnd other rivers. Tho prinuipnl nrticles of ex- port nre grnin, flour, lead, nnd pork. Eiu'CATioN. — All lands gi'nnted by Congress, nil csehented estates, nnd whatever percon- tflge Congress mny allow «m the public Innds sold within tho State, nre to constitute a fund, the interest of which, nnd the rent of unsold Innds, together with military nnd court fines, nre to form nil npproprintion for the support of pulilic schools in lown. WISCONSIN. Wisconsin, one of the recently-settled stntes of the Americnn confederney, is bounded on the N. by Minuesotn, Lake Superior, nnd the northern peninsula of Mieiiignn, (from which it is separated in pnrt by the Menomonee nnd Montreal rivers,) on the K by Lnko Michignn, 8. by Illinois, nnd W. by Iowa nnd Minnesota Territory, from the former of which it is separated by the Mississippi, nnd from the latter (in pnrt) by the St. Croix River. It lies between 42° 30' nnd 40° 55' N. Int., (if we exclude some sninll islnnds belonging to the State in Ijike Superior,) nnd between 87° nnd 92° 5(i' W. Ion., being about 285 miles in ex- treme length from N. to S., nnd about 255 in its greatest breadth from E. to W., includ- ing nn nren of about 53,924 squnre miles, or 34,511,360 acres, of which 1,045,499 were im- proved in 1850. PopVLATioN. — ^This flourishing scion of the West hns hnd a growth unexampled even In thnt thriving region, hnving increased from 30,946 in 1840, to n population of 806,391 in 1850; of whom 104,221 were white mnles; 140,344 white feiunles ; 305 free coloured males ; nnd 210 free coloured females. Cities and Towns. — Towns nre springing up in Wisconsin ns if by magic, nnd a region that but a few years ago was mostly nn Indinn hunting ground, is now dotted over with them. Tlie principal of these nre Milwnukee, population, 20,001 ; Kneine, 5111 ; Kenosha, 8455; Jnnesville, 3461 ; Waukesha, 2313; Platteville, 2197, nnd Fond du Lac, 2014. He- sides these there are Heloit, Madison, Green Bay, Ozaukee, Mineral Point, Oslikosh, Watei-- town, Sheboygan, and Mnnitoowoc, hnving populntions of from 2000 to 4000 ench. 8TATK OF VVI8C0NHIN. 105 lilt, i'i' »(>' IIIIIIIIKIIICCM, , wliil« tho mill wlicro end wntiTH lily to tlint, llvt! Mook, tor, olu'cto, pOltK, BWCCt tlio rlvorf, I'twoen tht' iiihIi hlfrlx'i' rth of 42°. lino ntlle in 'onk, liliu'k I ftoiiie pino iilior of tlio buin^ ciilti- yt!t but lit- i;k'niciiU of Timl trnfHo, I itH interior ticlca of ox- ver jiorcon- tiitc a fund, court fines. is boinuled ii?nn, (from E. l)y Loko or of which Uivcr. Tt ^inp; to the niilos in ex- W., inchul- 99 were im- e. — I'art of the ((roat lead region oxtendint( from IlliiioiMand Iowa U inehiilid in the H. W. part of WUconnin, and \n no Iohk rich in tho i{iianttty and (|ualily of ilH ore than in tho other Htaleit whore it IIoh. Tho load Ih here intermingled with oo|)|ior and zino in Oonnidoralde ((ManlitioK, to^^'lhor wilh vtimo nilvor. In biptiinte, ('hippowa, St, ('roix, and Iowa OountioN, copper is found ; in l>od^o(Jounty,andun the liiauk Ulvorand other branchci of the MixKisMippi, good iron ore cH'curi*, The other motalliu HuliHtan'Min are mai{notie iron, iron pyriloK, and graphllo or plundia){o, Kaots do not justify any oxpootation of groat du- piwits of copper in the N. W, part of the State. A great bed of magnetic iron ore IIoh nouth of l,ak« Sui)erior, near Tylor'« Fork of the Had lUver, in strata of metitmorpliie nlate. In lNr>0, Q(tt),92l pigH of loail were shipped from DulMiquo and Mineral I'oint; Imt 77H,40O in ISin. Koaiitifui varielioH of nnirble have been recently diseoverod, or made known to the p\dille in the N. part of WiHconsin. Others are blue and dovo-uoloured, beautifully veined. ThoHi! arc suseoptible of a f'ne polish, and some on the Mcnomoneo arc within navigal)le distance from New 'N'ork. OnjKcm OK Intkukst to TorniSTS. — This State aijounds in picturesque objects, in water- falls, rap'ds, bluffs, an(' beautiful lakes, with eleur water and gravelly liottoms. Ci.iMA'i'K — This thriving' Slate, whioh has surpassed every otiier, except California, in the unexampled rapidity of its growth, is the theme of almost unminglod praise of the tourist and the emigrant from every part of Kurope and America. Its beautiful lakes, rolling prai- ries, swelling uplands, and "oiik openings," (j, e. lands covered with a scattered growth of onk,) fertile soil, its fine angling, abundance of game, and hoaltliy climate, tempt thither alike the pormanent settlor, tho sporlnman, and the lover of the pieturesf|ue. The climate, though severe, and the winters long, is more regular and more free from those frecpienland unhealthy changes that prevail farther south. The lakes, too, exert a mitigating influence, the temperature lieing (1^° higher on the lake than on the Missinsippi side. The lake shore is also more moist, but the State generally is drier than in the same ]iaralle1s' furlher east. The diseases eoiisecjuent upon clearing lands are less frequent, it is said, in this than other new states, owing to the open nature of the country in the oak o[)enings. Soil ank Pkohuctions. — Tho country south of tlie middle is a fine agricultural region. In tho mineral district, VV. of the I'ekatonica, the country is broken, but, what is unusual in mining tracts, generally well odapted to farming, and especially grazing. But probably tho best agricultural section is tliat E. of the I'ekatonica, which has more prairie land, thoiigli even here is a considerable portion of timbered land on tho rivers and streams. The agricultural capabilities of the northern part of the State, around the head waters of the Rlack and Chippewa Rivers, and the sources of the rivers emptying into Lake Superior, are small, the surface in part being covered with drift and boulders, and partly with ponds and marshes. The agricultural staples of this State are wheat, Indian corn, oats, Irish po- taloos, butter, and live stock, besides considerable quantities of rye, wool, beans, peas, bar- ley, buckwheat, maple sugar, beeswax, honej', cheese, ond hay, with some sweet potatoes, tobacco, fruits, wine, grass-seeds, hops, flax, and hemp, FoRKST Thees. — ^There are vast forests of pine on the Upper Wisconsin, the Wolf river, and tho tributaries of the Mississippi, N. of the Wisconsin. The other forest trees are spruce, tamarac, cedar, oak of different species, birch, aspen, basswood, hickory, elm, ash, hemlock, poplar, sycamore, and sugar-maple. The oak openings already described, form a pleasing feature in the landscapes of Wisconsin. Manupa(turf.8. — The numerous rivers and streams of Wisconsin, with their frequent rnpids and falls, afford great facilities for mill sites of every sort, and her forests and iron for ship and steamboat building. Mr. Hunt, in his Gazetteer, estimates the manufacture of pine lumber at 400,000,000 feet, besides which, large quantities of oak ond basswood are sawed into scantling, plank, lath, etc. lie also gives the number of barrels of flour manu- n il 100 HTATK8 OF WISCONSIN AND MIClimAN. facturf)] at lOO.Otlo, (iii(l(>|><,UUO |)ouiuli«, and of uliot, 1(hi,(H)() poiuulH nniiually, KnrcATioN.— Tlicro wtrti In Angunt, IHft'i, in the Stato, '270!t ncliool ilirtrictm, in wlilch Wfi-ii 10(14 Hvlioul liouDc'i*, inoDtiy fi-anio or log, and vulurd ut 4l2ill,UMl>.;i'2. Tlu> capiUil of tliu Hiliool fnnd in Dvoiinbtr, 180U, wan $HlU,'i(H).60. It in t>x|ii:c'tc>d that ro|ii-iati'd for tlio nupport of bvIiooIa will form a fund of aliout fiii.OiHMMtO. I'uldlu in- Htrni'lion \» under (lie clmrK" "f " ^t"!" Hupcrintcndent, receiving if ItMJd per annum. Tluro Imve been Kranled for tlio support of a 8tut« unlvergity, 4tl,08(t uere» of land. Tlicro oro a\*o utlier uolleguH and auademiv* supported by private guliBcriplionit, wliiuli are promising iuititutiona. llisToHv. — Winconsin was formed into a territory in 1830, and admitted Into the Union as uu indepemleut 8tatc in 1848. MICHIGAN. MiciiiQAN, one of the mora recently settled of the north-western States, occupies two peniiiAulaA, the southern one lying between Lakes Erie, St. Clair, and Huron on the cast, and I^ike Michigan on the west; and the northern between Lakes Michigan and Huron on the soufli, and Lake Superior on the north. The whole is bounded north by Lake Supe- rior, east by the Strnila of St. Mary, Lake Huron, St. Clair Uiver and Lake, Detroit Uiver, and liiike Krie (all which separate it from Canada West), on the south by Ohio and Indiana, and on the west by I^kes Michigan and Wisconsin, from the latter of which it is partly separated by the Menomonee and Montreal Uivers. Michigan lies between 11 " 40' and 47° 30' north latitude (if we e.Yclude Isle Koyale, a dependency of this State), and bctWi^en 82° 12' and W iio' west longitude. The northern peninsula is about 820 miles in extreme length from south-east to north-west, and 130 iu its greatest brcadtli, and the southern about 283 from north to south, and 210 from east to west, in its greatest width. The joint area of the two peninsulas is 50,243 square miles, or 35,6U6,620 acres, of which only 1,023,- 582 were improved in 1850. About two-fifths of the area is included in the northern pe- ninsula. Poi'i'LATio.s. — ^Though originally settled by the French, the greot bulk of the population is from the New England and Middle States. A large portion of the latter is of New Eng- land deseent The number of inhabitants in Michigan, in 1810, was 4702; 881)0 in 1820; 81,639 in 1830; 212,207 in 1840; and 3«7,054 in 1850, of whom 208,471 were white males, 180,020 white females; 1412 coloured males, and 1146 coloured females. CiTiKS AND Towns. — ^The towns of this State exhibit tlie same rapid growth which is so wonderful a characteristic of the Western States generally. Detroit, t!>e largest town in the State, had, in 1850, a population of 21,019. The other principal towns are Ann Ar- bor, population, 4808; Jackson, 4147; Flint, 3304; Grand Rapids, 8147; Ypsilonte, 3061; Adrian, 3000; Morshall, 2822; Poutiae, 2820; Monroe City, 2813; Tecumseh, 2079; Kalamazoo, 2507 ; Cold water, 2100 ; and Clinton, 2130. These populations, as in New England, sometimes include the townships. Face of tuk Country, Gkolooy, and Minerals. — ^The southern peninsula of Michigan, so interesting in its agricultural and economical aspects, is rather tame in its topographical features, as there is no considerable elevation (compared with the country immediately around it) within ita whole extent, though the ridge which divides the waters flowing into Lakes Huron and Erie from those flowing into Lake Michigan, is 300 feet above the level of the lakes, and about 1000 above the sea. The country, however, moy be fonerally char- acterized as a vast undulating plain, seldom becoming rough or broken. V'lcre are occa- sional conical elevations of from 150 to 200 feet in height, but generally much less. The shores of Lake Huron are often steep, forming blutfs ; while those of Lake Michigan are coasted by shifting sand-hills of from 100 to 200 feet in height In the southern part ore those natural parks, thinly scattered over with trees, called, in the parlance of the country, "oak openings;" and in" the south-west are rich prairie lands. The northern peninsula STATE OF MICiriOAN. 107 «xhil)itii a HtrikitiK (!i>ntn\Kt, liutli In Mill ami mirfiiuu, to tlio iuMitlu>rn. Wliiln tlif litttor U lovi'l or iiitiilcrati'ly iiiiiliilitiiii^, uiid liixiirlitiitly ffrlilc, the furiiH'r U |)ii't,iir<'H<|Up, niXK<>il, and cvt'U iiioinituinoiii*, willi Hircurni* ulxiiimlln^ in riipiilit iind wal<:r-fiillH — rich in niint'riklit, III.' rlxmiroim in ulinml.o, and Htt'rilti In hoII. 'i'liu Wiitvonsln or I'oruup'int- Mountainx widoli fori I tliu walur-ithuil lii'twiivn liiikeM Mivlil^aii and Hupcrior, nru nuiuli noarvr tin; lattor 1,'wiii lliu fornitT, and attain an uluvation of aliont. 2iH)0 fvut in tliu nortli-wuHt portion uftliu prninHnla. Tliu cant part of tlilit ratud I'Icturod Kockit; while tlio shoruK of Jjtku Michigan are conipused of a liniuHtune rock. The Htrcnins on the northern ■lopu of the I'urcnpine Mountain have a ra|>id deHuent, and abound in pieturestiue falU and rapidH. The north puninitula is primitive, and the wiuthern secondary ; but priniitivo ruukit are Hcattered over the plalnw of the latter of more than 100 tons weight, iiioHt nbund' ant un tlie bordem of tho ^reut lakes, on the tlaiiks of valleys, and where traccH of recent floods arc apparent. ^ Michi);an, in its northern peninsula, posKCAScs, probably, tliu richest copper mines In the world. A block of alinu^t pure oo[>por, weighin)^ some tonit, and beariii); the arms of the iState, rcKtH imbedded in the walls of the National Monument at Washington. The region from which this block was taken lies un the shores of Lake iiiuperior, near the mouth of the Untonagon River. The suinu mineral abounds in Islo lioyale, near the north shore of Lake Superior. Iron, said to be of a very sujierior quality, is found in a district about (SO miles south-east of the great copper region, as well as in some other parts of Michigan, The other minerals known to exist in tliiit State, whose mineral resources are very imper- fectly developed as yet, are lend, gypsum, peat, limestone, marl, and some coal. An ex- cellent sand for the manufacture of the finer kinds of glass-ware is found on tho shores of Lake Michigan, as well us I^ike Krie. The copper mines in the northern peninsula are es- timated to have produced within the past year (March, 186:i) nearly 40U0 tons of copper, worth, on tho sealjoard, $1,600,000. Great activity pn^vails in the mining region this year; new discoveries are being made, an increased number of bunds employed, and uddi- Uoiial -laehinery erected. A muss of copper, weighing 6072 pounds, sent from Michigan, was exhibited ot the World's Fair in New York. Objects of Intkuest to Touuists. — ^Tlio Island of Mackinaw, in the straits of the same name, already visited for its picturesque Iteuuty, may, probably, become the future New- port of the north-western States. In addition to its bold shores, rising to a height of near- ly 200 feet perpendicularly above the water, and the oliarm of its picturesque views and cool breezes, it has the accompaniment of Anc fishing in its vicinity ; and the pleasant ex- cursions to Sault St. Mory, to angle for the far-fumed white fish, to tempt the sportsman and epicure to wliilo awoy a summer vacation in this vicinity. About 00 miles west of the entrance of the Strait St. Marie, are tlie celebrated " Pictured Rocks," composed of sand- stone of various colours, ond worn by the action of the wind and waves into resemblances of ruined temples, castles, etc. One peculiarly striking object, called the Doric Rock, is a colonnade of 4 round pillars, of from about 3 to 7 feet in diameter, and 40 feet in height, supporting an entablature 8 feet thick, and 30 feet across. These rocks extend for about 12 miles, and rise about 300 feet obove the water. Sometimes cascades shoot over tiie precipice, so that vessels can sail between them and the natural wall of rock. On laying out the track for a railway across tho State from Detroit, tiie engineers encountered a sin- gular lake, covered with an accumulation of vegetable matter — the growth of ages — but concealing beneath a deep and dangerous, though not extensive lake, which made it neces- sary to moke a detour from the road. Climatk, Soil, and Productions. — Notwithstanding the severity of the climate in Michi- gan, it is moderated by its proximity to the lakes; yet the temperature of the northern peninsula is quite rigourous. The nortliern peninsula is favourable to winter grains, but not to Indian corn ; while the southern produces maize, as well as the winter grains, abuud- '^'m hm m I'll ' 108 STATE or MICniOAN. antl}*. The provaillng diteaies are bllioiii fevcti, ague, and dysentery: oon«uniptlon U rare. Dreat fertility it the characterlttio of most of the soil in tlie middle and soutli of the lower peninsula ; mostly free from stone, and of a deep, dark Mindy loom, often mingled with gravel and clay. The northern peninsula has a large portion of rugged and poor soil, hut its agricultural capabilities are not yet well developed. Portions of it are well tim- bered with white pine, spruce, hemlock, birch, oak, aspen, maple, ash, and elm. As the wants of tVa advancing settlements Increase the demand, this region can furnish large sup- plies of lumber from its forests of |.ine, spruce, etc., manufactured at the fine mill-sites af- forded by the rapid streams on the Superior slope of the Porcupine Mountain. Much of southern Michigan Is occupied by those beautiful and fertile natural lawns, called oak openings, covered with scattered trees, and free from underwood. Another portion ii prairie, and yet another timbered land, covered with black and white walnut, sugar maple, different speuies of oaks, hickory, ash, basswood, soft maple, elm, linden, locust, dogwood, poplar, beech, aspen, sycamore, cottonwood, cherry, pine, hemlock, spruce, tamarack, cy- press, cedar, chestnut, papaw, etc. The prairies are small, and divided Into wet and dry— the latter, of course, being somewhat elevated. The north-west of the lower peninsula is but little known, but recent letters from that region represent it as well timbered, well watered, and fertile ; it, however, has an uninviting aspect from the lakes. On the shores of Lake Huron, near Bnginaw Bay, is a marshy district. Michigan Is eminently an agri- cultural State ; the staple products being wheat, Indian corn, oats, Irish potatoes (for which It Is especially favourable), butter, hoy, maple sugar, wool, and live stock, with large quantities of buckwheat, rye, peas, benns, barley, fruits, cheese, beeswax, and honey ; and some tobacco, sweet potatoes, wine, grass seeds, hops, flnx, silk, and moiosses. Manufactures. — In common with the other more recently-settled States, Michigan hns not yet lind leisure to give much attention to the development of her manufacturing re- sources. In 1860, there were in the State ltt79 manufacturing establishments, each pro- ducing $S00 and upwards annually, of which 16 were engaged in woollen manufactures, employing $94,000 capital, and 78 male and 61 female hands, consuming raw material worth $43,402, and producing 141,670 yards of stuffs worth $90,242 ; 64 forges, furnaces, etc., employing $210,460 capital, and 862 male hands, consuming raw material worth 1106,865, and producing 6430 tons of costings, pig iron, etc., valued at $300,697; $139,426 capital and 98 hands were employed In the manufacture of 10,320 barrels of ale, porter, etc., and 890,900 gallons of whisky, wine, etc. ; and 60 tanneries, employing $286,000 capital, consuming row moterial worth $203,460, and producing monufoctured leather valued at $363,980; domestic manufactures were fabricated w rth $364,936. Commerce. — Michigan, surrounded as it is by inland seas, is most favourably situated for internal trade, and trade with British America. Her foreign commerce is, however, small, and only amounted, in 1861 -2, in imports, to $191,976, and exports, $145,152; tonnage entered for the some year, 66,041 ; cleored, 69,981 ; owned, 46,318.12, of which 24,681.73 was steam tonnage ; number of vessels built, 16, with a tonnage of 2639.00. In the spring of 1853, there were owned at Detroit ond Mackinaw, 66 steamers, with a tonnage of 17,926. The lake trade of 1851 has been stotcd at, imports, $5,330,609, and exports, $5,790,860. Wheat and other grain, flour, pork, live stock, wool, and copper are among the leading nr- ticles of export Education. — On the subject of education, Michigan is lorgely imbued with the opinion of New England (from whence so many of her sons derive their origin), that republican gov- ernment and common-school education must proceed or foil together. Her school fund, in 1852, was 1675,668 j in addition to which, is a fund called the University Fund, of $100,000. STATE or MISSOURI. 109 MISSOURI. MiMoVRi, one of the largest of the United 8tute», and the firtt formed wholly W. of the MiwiMippl Itiver, ia bounded on the N. by luwa, (from which It i« ivparntcd for about 80 miles on tlie N. K by the Dcs Moines Uivcr,) on the E. by the Mississippi River, wiiich di- vidi'S it from Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee; on the H. by the Arkansas, and on the W, by the Indian Territory, from which it is partly separated by the Missouri River. This State HoH (with the exception of a small projection between the Ht. Francis and the MUslssippl River, which extends to «6°) between 86° 30', and 40° 30' N. lat,, and 88° 10' and 9«° W. Ion., being obout 286 miles in its greatest length from E. to W., and 280 in width from N. to S., including an area of 67,880 square miles, or 48,123,200 acres, only 2,938,426 acres of whiuh were improved in 1860. PoruLATioN. — ^Though originally settled by the French, lesa than one-third of one per cent, of the present inhabitants of Miesuuri are of that extraction. The population amounted to 06,686 in 1820; 140,145 in 1830; 383,'?02 in 1840, and 682,244 in 1860; of whom 812,08'7 were white males, and 279,017 females; 1361 free coloured males, and 1267 fe- males; 43,4H4 male slaves, and 43,988 female. Cities and Towns. — 8t. Louis is the largest city in Missouri, population, 77,800, (by a local census in 1863, 88,000;) the other principal towns are Ilonnibnl, population in 1860, 2667 ; Lexington, 2469; Castor, 2084; Weston, 1916; Palmyra, 1284; and St. Geuevieve, 958. Capital, Jefferson City. Face of tiii: Coi;ntrv. — This great State is mostly level or undulating N. of the Missouri River, while S. of this river (much the larger portion of the State) exhibits a much greater variety. In the S. £. part, near the Itlississippi River, and S. of Capo Girardeau, is an ex- tensive marsh, reaching beyond the State into Arkansas, and occupying an area of about 3000 square miles. The remainder of this portion, between the Mississippi and the Osage Rivers, is rolling, gradually rising Into a hilly and mountainous district, forming the outskirts of the Ozark Mountains. Beyond the Osage River, at some distance, commences a vast ex- panse of prnirie land, which stretches away to the Rocky Mountains. The ridges forming the Ozark chiiin, whish probably in no place reach an elevation of 2000 feet, extends in a N. E. and 8. W. direction, separating the waters tlint flow N. E into Missouri River from those thitt flow S. R Into the Mississippi River. The geological features of this State are very interesting. One of the richest coal fields perhaps in the world occupies the greater part of Missouri N. of the Osage River, and extends nearly to the N. boundary of Iowa. A carboniferous limestone, which comes to the surface on the E. and W, borders of the State, forms n rim from 6 to 40 miles in breadth. Tlio lower magncsian limestone crops out on the Missouri River, from 25 miles above Jefferson City to Avithin 35 miles of its mouth, with occasional obtrusions of sandstone. Schoolcraft thus speaks of the Ozark Mountains : " The Ozark is a term applied to a broad, elevated district of highlands, running from N. to S. centrally through the States of Missouri and Arkansas. It has en the E. the striking and deep alluvial tract of the Mississippi River, ond on Its W. the woodless plains or deserts which stretch below the Rocky Mountains." Minerals. — Missouri is particularly rich in minerals, and a vost region in the neighbour- hood of Iron Mountain is, perhaps, unsurpassed in the globe for productiveness in iron of the best quality. Though existing in the greatest abundance and purity in this locality, this mineral is found scattered throughout the State. In the eastern counties S. of the Mis- souri River, large quantities of lead, sometimes mixed with zinc, are found. Copper exists throughout the mineral region, (a tract of 17,000,000 or 18,000,000 acres,) but is most abun- dant near tiio La Motte mines. It is found combined with nickel, manganese, iron, cobalt, and load, and these often yield 34 per cent, of the pure metal. Of the other metals named, all except nickel are found in considerable quantities. Silver exists in the lead ore, 1350 pounds of pure silver having been obtained from 1,000,000 pounds of lead. Tin has been found In suiull quantities. Of the non-metallic minerals, limestone abounds N. of the Mis- m STATE or MISSOURI. ■ourl River, and foniii a good building itone. Miirblct lieautlfiiUy veined and orynUtlline •re found in parti of the State ; alio gypeum, iandHone*, rrd and wlilto, porjthyrlot, alonite, ■altpvtro, Milplmte of baryta, kaolin, and inferior clayt. The rod Randiitonn U of too coarM and looee a texture for architectural purpoien, t)ut the wlilto, found near St. Oenevieve, nialcM luporior glata, IVrphyrioit of a red ground Intenpenod with cryitnU, admitting of a high polliih, are found M. of the MiMourl Kiver. Coal. — lUtumlnoui coal, much of It cannel coal, exiat* in vaat beds in the N. of the State, and has al«o lieen found 40 niilet up the Otage River. The great cnnnel coal-bed in Cal- laway County coniiit*, in one place, of a lolld itratum 24 feet, and In another 70 feet In thlclcneM, and it believed to be the largent boat river, *lie may ex- tend her Internal commerce to the Rocky Mountain*, becide* receiving the product* that may be furnished in future time* by it* multitude of tributaries. The MiKnourl River coasta the X, W. of the State for about 2iiO mileni, (following it* windings,) and then dni-t* acrosa the Stote in a direction a little S. of R, dividing It into two portion*, of which about a third 1* N., and the remainder S. of that river. OBiKtTTB or Interkht TO ToiRiHTH. — Wc *ha11 hnrdly bo al)le to do JuBtlce to Missouri in thia rcBpect, in the present gtnte of our knowledge of the interior, a* there are doubtlewi, in her mountain recesses, gorge*, waterfall*, and caves whose fume has not yet renched us. To the geologist the State already poBsesits ample inducement* for a visit ; while the lover of fine scenery will And much to interest him in the wild bluff* both of the Missouri and Mis- ■issippi Rivers, which rise to an elevation varying from 60 to SOO feet. Climatk. — The climate of Missouri 1* very variable: in the winter the thermometer sinks below zero, and the river* ore frozen so a* to admit the possage of heovily-Iaden vehicle*. The summers ore excessively hot, but the oir dry and pure. In the autumns, bilious and remittent fevers are common on the river bottom*. Pulmonary complaints, however, to luch a degree as to terminate in oonsuniption, are Infrequent Soil and Phoduction*. — ^The soil of Missouri, speaking generally. Is good, and of great agricultural capobililies; but the most fertile portions ore In the river bottoms, which ore a rich alluvion, (in some coses, however, mixed with eond,) ond in thot portion N. of the Missouri River, except in the E., where a *andy soil prevail*. South of the Missouri there is a greater variety in the soil, but much of it is fertile, ond even in the mountains and mineral district* there ore rich volleys, and about the sources of the White, Eleven Points, Current, and Big Block Rivers, the soil, though unproductive, furniehee o valuable growth of yellow pine. The marshy district of the 8. E. part will, when the population slinll hove become sutficiently dense to justify the expense of drainage, be probably one of the most fertile portion* of the State. The great staple of Missouri is Indian corn, and more hemp is produced than in any State except Kentucky : the other great products ore wheat, oat*, tobocco, wool, peoB, beans, Irish ond sweet potatoes, fruits, butter, cheese, pork, hoy, flox, honey, ond beeswax ; considerable rye, buckwheat, morket products, gross-seeds, maple sugar ; and some rice, borley, wine, hops, silk, ond molasses. Forest and Fruit Trers, — " Tlie river bottom* ore covered with o luxuriant growth of ook, elm, ash, hickory, cottonwood, linn, ond white and block wolnut. In the more barren districts ore found white and pin ook, ond sometimes forest* of j'ellow pine. The crob- apple, popaw, ond persimmon orT TERRITORY. Ill and live itock. MlMciuri hat long i>t»n th < principal iMt of an active eaniTan trad* with Banta ¥6. Educatium. — MiMourl ha* a Mshool fund (In 18A2) of $fi7S,0A8, and another fUnd of 9lO0,0()i), called the lemlnnry fiind. The Intoroit of the former li dlitrilmtcd Binon(( tha counties In proportion to tht< niimlirr of ichulara In each. In IHBO thore were ai),U'27 chU- drt>n In the Htate, of whom 30,U8St were In the ichoolt, Annual expenditure for ichoul pur- poiei, |H8,124; number of volume! In lohool librnriot, 02OO, Every ilxteonth luution of public landi is devoted to common sehools. MI880DUI, OR NORTH-WEST TERRITORY. Miiaovni, OR North-West Trrritorv, an unorganized territory occupying the vast regton lying bctwovn the White Earth nnd MIssonrI Rivers on the E., and the Rocky Mountains on the W., and (with the exception of a small trnct In the S, E., belonging to the Indian Territory) between the Platte River on the 9., and Dritish America on the N. It lies be- tween about 40° 80' and 49'" N. 1at.,und between obout H7° 45' and 118° W. Ion., covering an estimated area of about 687,6fi4 square miles, or space enough for five Htates larger than Illinois, Thi«i vast trnct would Include the proposed territory of Nebraska. Population. — We have no census returns from thin wild region, which has been appro- priated as the abode of different Indian tribes, among which may be mentioned the Crows, Blnckfeet, (a very warlike and cruel tribe,) Mlnnetarees, Rlccarees, Puncahs, and Pawnee«^ Fair of the Country. — ^Tlio greater part of this territory, as far as Is known, seems to consist of n high prairie land. A chain of highlands, called the Black IIllls, runs from near the Platte River In a N. E. direction to the Missouri River, which they approach in about 102° of W. longltudi>, dividing the waten running Into the Yellowstone from those flowing into the Missouri below Its grcot south-eastern bend. On the W., the Rocky Mountains rear thulr lofty summits. In some Instances above the snow line, and send out spurs Into Missouri. Fremont's Peak, the loftiest known In this cliain in the United States, is on the 9, W. border of this territory. Rivers and Lakes. — ^Thts extensive tract is traversed by the Missouri, one of the most important rivers In the world, which rises near Its south-western border, runs for about 1000 miles In a N. R direction, to 48° 20' N. latitude, receiving a large number of afflu- ents from the N., one of which, the Yellowstone, Is 080 miles In length, and a multitude of sub-tributaries from the S. From the latitude named above, it flows off to the S, E., form- ing the eastern boundary for perhaps 1000 miles. In about latitude 43° 80' the Missouri makes a grand detour, colled the Great Itend, " where the river makes a circuit of 80 miles In advancing 2000 yards In a direct course," A number of important streams flow into the Missouri, within this territory, below the bend alluded to, so that this region is well watered, ond gives promise of being more suitable for settlement thon the country below Plnttc River. There are some small lakes in the S. W., and perhaps others yet to be discovered and described. Odjkcts of Interest to Tourists. — ^Tha Great Falls of the Missouri, and the gorge below, enclosed with perpendicular rocks 1200 feet high, claim the first place among the striking natural objects of this territory. Animals. — This country Is the paradise of the hunter and trapper. Vast herds of buffa- lo roam over its prairies, though now rapidly diminishing in numbers. Lewis and Clark have stated that at times the Missouri was backed up as by a dan?; by the multitude of these animals crossing. The grizzly bear. Rocky Mountain goat, sheep, and antelope in- fest the slopes of the Rooky Mountains ; and the beaver in former times ex'sted in great numbers, though the trappers are now fast thinning them out Panthers were met with by Lewis and Clark ; also black bears, elks, and wolves. Commerce. — The fur and peltry trade constitute the commerce of this vast region. Steamboats ascend the Missouri above the Yellowstone, and up the latter river 800 miles. Hi MINNKSUTA. i MINNESOTA. MiNMi«iuiTA, a torrltory of th« Uiitteil SUtt>», U liounduil on the N. I>y Urltlnh Atnoricn, E. by liiikf Siiporitir niKl tliu State of WU'onitin, S. Iiy Iowh aikI MImouiI Ti'rrltury, an» \» al MoH exactly in the centre of the territory, und elevated about UOOi) feet aliovo th« Gulf of Mexico. A plateau, called the " Coteau dei rralrle*," or " I'ralric llei^htK," •bout 21)0 miles in length, and from IS to 4U in breadth, runs through the middle of th« •outhern part of Minnesota. Its ^reatettt elevation i* about lOtU feet above the level of the tea, and Its average height about 1450 fiu't. The northern portion, which Is tiie hlf^hest, U about 8U0 feet above Ulgstono Lake, which lies in its vicinity. Passlnn the St. Peter's or Minnesota Kiver, wo C'>mc upon another ran^e of hcl){hts, known as the "Coteau du Orand Bois," or the Wooded Heights, which extend for more than 100 miles nearly parallel with the " Coteau des Prairies." Tills rldgo Is mostly covered with an extensive forest of hard wood. Through the middle of the triangle which occupies the N. E. portion of the ter- ritory, runs n third range of helglits, call.ed the " Hauteurs de Terre," or "Highlands," which extend W. by 8. about 800 miles, ond form a dividing ridge, whence flow the water* that seek I^iko Buperlor and the IMJssUslppl In one direction, and Hudson's liay la the other. A range of less altitude than the " Coteou des Prolries," but continuing in the same direction, forms the wotershed of the streams flowing Into the Missouri on the W., and those flowing into the Red Ulver on the E. The rest of the country generally alternates between sandhills and swamps, and river bottoms and prairies. In the N,, on the Ued lllver, are extensive Savannas, level as a tloor, while the central region and the portion between that and Lake Superior Is much of It occupied with marshes, separa* ' by hills of drift. West of the Coteou des Prairies, and Red River, the country has en but little explored ; but that portion of it between the Rlvlfire ii Jacques ond the Missouri is represented os com- posed of high rolling prairies. Minerals.— The Indications, from geological surveys of Mlnnesoto. do not favour the hopes of great metallle wealth within Its borders. Copper has been found, but In most Instances It is not " In place," but appears to have been carried thither by the drift and boulders. The probaliillty Is that, of richer metidllc ores than Iron, this territory will not afford (ex- cept near Lake Superior) sufliclent quantity to repay tlie labours of the miner; for if they exist at all, they probal)ly lie at great depths. The indications are equally unfavouroljle to there being any large deposits of coal. A lead vein, 4 Inches in thickness, wos discovered on the Waraju River, by the geological corps of Professor Owen. The most rctnarkablo mineral In tills territory is the red pipestone, of which the Indians make their pipes, and which Is believed to be peculiar to the region of tlie Cotenu des Proiries. Salt is reported to exist In vast quantities between 47° and 49" N. lot., and 97° and 0'J° W. Ion. Lakva and Rivers. — Minnesota is, perhaps, even mora deserving than Michigan of the appellation of the " Lake State," as it abounds In locustrine waterf. of every size, from lakes of 40 miles in extent, to small ponds of less than a mile in circuit. These beautiful slieits of water give origin to rivers flowing N., S., and E. ; some finding their way to the Atlantic through the mighty Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico ; others through the great lakes, Niagara, und the St. Lawrence ; and otlwrs, again, pass oflf to the N., ond seek the ocean MINNE80TA. m Anu'ricft, R. r. nii.l W. ».y ht'lr oiitlt'U, tlif fiiittcrn, wtun •i-i" ao' OAo iiill(<« In ally Kltl.iKJO It tlio most ni It* cuntml and H. Th« hflr t>piMi«lt(» H) fi'i't «\)i>ve rlo llflnhti," iiiaaiu of the II* K-volof tlie llio lilnliont, U St. I't'ttT's or I'ttuilii tlrnnd jMirallil with forort of Imrd Ion of tlio tiT- "IllKlilinuU," ,ow tll« Wtttt'M I** Uiiy 111 tli« |iH In ilio Nune W., and those nute» botwcen |lud lUvor, nre hotweon thut If drift. Wort explort'd; hut loiited M coni- Ivour the ho])t'8 jniost Instunces iind houUlors. [not afford (ox- •r; for if they ^ifiivourohle to k-ns discovered [st roniiirkiililo leir pipes, '""l Lit is reported itn. lichignn of the lize, from Inlios leautiful sheet* Ito the Atlnntio }»e great lakes, leeek the oceun throuKh 1tiidi>on'i< liny und Htmit*. Thx hiritont of iIii'm' Inke*. with tho cxoopllon of Ijikt Huperlor, nr« the I.nk« of the Wooda, Itiilny Ijkke, l(ei'vll Ukv, I.eeeh, nnil Mllle Ijie, or Spirit I^ik«. The«n neneriilly have eleiir. peMily I'oltorn*, nnd nr* w«ll Moeki'd with tl>ke|on({e, *uek<'r, peieh itnd trout, wild rlee ^rowit ou the hiirdcrt of nukiiy of them, e^pi'eliilly lit the North, I>e\ll Litki', whleh U ou tlie INlh piinilhl of N, hit., In the N. \V. of Mliiiieootii, U uhout 40 mlleK In li'ii;(th, l>y lA hi hniidth, iiml lt>ll>l« nutlet. Iti'il Lake, on the miiiie puriillel, K. of Ited Itlvir, with whleh It eoiiiniuiileute*, U divided Into two portlouA, united liy n ntnilt of 'J iiilh-it In wlijlli, niid eover* uhout the mini* urea ii« l)evll Lake. Luke of the Wood*, iind Kiiiny l,iike, (the fornirr n Iiiri^e i-heet of water, perhiip* lot) nillen In elreult.) are hoth on the N. R lioundury of the territory. Il th» i>«lcnr(^uti« IhikU ut th« rivtr ImrtiiriiK, •ml nut unfr<-(|u»ntly oowrol with ilwnrf tlmlicr l''oHRiiT Tnkko. — I'nrtiiif MltiiifKitu urn ilciitvly tliiilivri'il with pino d.tf'U, Ami thi> riIi, i'Iim, hvtidiM'k, tlr«, |><>|iUr, •nd IhimwimmI. In thu twiiniiM batwean tha rliltffn, thii tanismck, o«iUr, Mml ryprrM nr* found; whll* th« rlvar botttuu* furiiUh • guotl ifrowlh of o«k, nqivn, (ofl tnnpli', bMHwoud, «*li, bindi, wliltii witlnut, llndvii, nnd tdiii. Much of tlil • tlnd>«r on lh« |toori>r rldK<'i, antl In lome of tli« niari>hi*«, li rathor i/f a ilwnrf charaotrr. On th« Itnin, Ht. Croix, ami I'lna Klvvrit thura are extirnilva formtt of pine, of Kotxl. but not of the larK*'*t Kruwth, Aooord> InK to I'rofuuof ()w«n, "a bvlt of forcat crouv* MInncitota In lat. 14' HO', which U runiark- abjti for itii iinuiiial liiMly of tliubvr. In n country othi>rwl»> but wantlly tlnibcritil." Takan ai a whole, tiierefore, Mlnncnotn can icarccly bo cnlK'd a well wiHidiid country. Hut h«r#, a* In other |>nrti of tha \V'«it, wh«n tli« pralrUa aru protected from ttrx, a growth of youuK timber aoon uprlntf* up, Animaui. — MInuciiotn hat alwaya been a favrcr, blitck bear, antelope, wolverine, otter, niuakrnt, mink, nuirtin, wolf, nnd ntccoon abound, and the inooao nnd ^(t\u\y bear ar« occimlonully tnut with. Thu pnilrlei aru frctpieiited by KfoUki , phemuint*, luxl parlrldKea, nnd the ftreauia by wild duck* and t(«uie. The other bird* are huwk*, buzzurdu, hnrrler*, owl*, <|unlU, plover*, lnrk«, and a great variety of tinall bird*. Atuonx thu water fowl ar« the pelican, tern, luMuled •heldrnke, bu»t«rd, broiidblll, rutllcheodeil duck, wimkI duck, teal, wild ^00*0, and loon, Itoth the gulilcn and bald fn^lu aru occaalomtlly met with. The river* and lake* abound in flue tl*h, nmouK which nru the bni*, cap, »unrt*h, pivkerel, |iiko, eatilMli, whltetl*h, tucker, maakclongc, anabllllle« In thu Innumerable river* of Mlnn««ota, with tliclr fall* and rapid*, for inanufavturlnK cxtablUhnient*, At present the converolon of her plnu foreM* Into board*, *cantlln|j(, etc., con*tltutc* thu prlnuipnl n)anufauture of thl« new nnd llourUlilnK territory. Thu bent land* of Mlunc*ota aro on her two threat navlf^ablo river*, the MI*Hi*Hlppl and Ht. Toter'*; and the flr*t net* of internal Improvcinenl ntciled by tlii* territory will be the removal of aoino ob*tructlon* In the*u Rtreaiui*. It l* anions the probnbllitlc* that thu ^reat I'aciflc railway may truver«o this region, a* uriKlnecr* are now examining thu featlbilltlet of n northern route. CoMMKHi'i:. — MlnncHota ha* the advantage of two outlet* for hor production* ; one by way of the MUxlaitlppi, to every portion of the MlnnUslppl valley ; and thu other by way of [^ke Superior, with the Lake States and with the East, The great export of thi* territory U her lumber. EmoATioN. — Mlnncwita ha* a public system of free ichooU, which aro under the general direction of a superintendent of common *chool*, and the local aupervUlon of trustee*. Every township contolnlng not less than five famllie* I* considered a school district, " An act to Incorporate the University of Minnesota," was passed February 26, 1861. This Insti- tution consist* of five department*, namely, of science, literature, nnd art; of laws; of medicine; of agriculture; nnd of elementary Instruction. Twelve regent*, appointed by the legislature, manage Its affair*. It U located at St. Anthony. The proceed* of all lands granted by the United States go to form a perpetual fund for the support of the university. The Information contained In the notice of the State of Wisconsin is copied from "Wis- consin as it Is," by F. Gerhard, and that pertaining to the other States, from "Lippincott's Gazetteer. In a future edition the information will be brought down to a h»ter period. In articles now preparing specially fur this work. I |Mirtlon U r tha rlvtr thu rtilK** In, |H>|il«r, y|irvM AM tlttMWIMMl, rlilt(<*ii, Miul I, mill i'lntt , At'coril- It rutiikrk- J." Tok»n But her*, ill of youii|{ ii>ii»i'« Alt Anii'rii'iin IVi>|ili', l)t'i(t>riiTiki'y of tho , , , tl'J Aiiii'rli'un Kalli'iHiil Citr* 41 AiMirli'Ati ltiillr»rtoiiiiiollvii 4n Aiiurli'iiii Itallriiiicl* 40 AiiiiiDi'iiii-iitit mill Sport*, At) Atti'iiilikiicu lit Cliiiri'li 4U AiivtloMfi'r, Tint Aiiicrttfiiii ... 81 Aiu'tloii llooniit III Ni'w York 80 Aiiloiniitoii ( lvi>n &!( Hiikirl.'o. Mi'o'iitnlnil »» Itiillot Votlii)( III Aiiicrloa 7i) Hunk- Note Ui'|Mirti'r«. 'H Idiiik N'oti'* of Aiiii'i'toa 'i\\ ItniikliiK l.lii'riitiiro, ('urii»Uii'« uf. 'iA Idinklii);, Wll.lCnt 'J I lliiiikrt mill KikiikliiK Iv) ]lllliiir {'liiiri'lit'H III Aiiiorica 4'.» Chiircli I'HuliiKiily , . , fin CIiIz.'iihIiIi) 04 Clornyiii*'" 111 Aiiiork'ii 7'i Clotlilii»( aiifl Dri'M 4U Coiiiiiu'rclrtl AkciicU'I! 17 Coiiinu'ri'lnl ( 'oIIcj^oh 20 Cuiiipiirntivo Tiling IiitHontor. 85 Coii^iiiiiptloii of k'u 40 Ciirioi«ltl<'M In Itiiiikiii)^ I.itcmtiire 25 Ciittiii); Ico on Ituektiuul Ijkko :i8 Debt Colloctini? U> Doelarntiuii of liitontloiiA (14 Ucgoiivracy of tlio Araoriuuti I'vuplu, ... 02 |)l(T.r In Tlnm In runa.U »(< IMtfi^ri'iii-)' III 'lliiiu III t'uUcU Mlitti!* .... 8ft Ihllllrallil Hi>rvitnt« .ti.f ...... .. 71 tirvM niKJ t^otlitiiK • 49 PrlnkliiK ('ii»toiii» 84 IMiiklntt. Wnl.'r B« Drink*. Kt'frolitiiK SS Kiliifutlonitl ln>tlttilluiiit of Anu mill Kxi'liiiiii(i< ( >lllt!i>*, 'i'i Kxi'iiipllon l.aw« of tlm I'lilicil Mtuti'* . . Hii KxproM ! 6A Kxprift ('orn|Hkiilv* 5tt Ktttriii't* from Hank N<>li> Ki'jMirli'r* , . . . 21 Kariiii'i'* III Wliiti'r 'I'liiit' M KIri- Kiii{ini> hNlalilUlininnt Ail Fliv Kiit<, Sii'aiii AS Friill, I'rloi'* of 7t> Fiiriiltiirti )Inniifikrtiirlni( Hi llou i([ Co.'* rrltitiii^ Mai'liliiii T llotoUIn AiiK'iink 11 lliiu'.liol.j Airulr* 07 lloiiDi'ki'i'pInx, K)(p<'n*u« of. 00 Ico Trail'' !t8 liiillcalor, Time hi} liitontloii*, Dt'elaratioii of 04 IntoiiHt, Li'^jal 28 I.ikW«, Kxi'inptloii, of tlio Unltt'il Stnto*. . 83 I.ikw*, r»iiry 28 Lcviatlimi l'rliitiii)( Machine 7 Looiiiiiotivc, Tint AiiK'Hoan 43 I.iinilicr anil l.uinlii'riiit'ii Al M.at, IVlc* of 70 Mi'clianitMtl Hakirlt'ii 33 Mvruantilu Agi'iu-lfs 18 Nowanmii, Tlio Kailroail 45 Xcw York Auction Kooiuk 3(1 I'otcr Punk Auction Uooni* !t'2 I'riiitin^ Miioliiiio of It. Hoc ib Co 7 rrofcnnlonal Men In Ainoricn 71 Protection to Tra.lo 17 r*altno«1y in Cliurolies 5(1 ru^hini; Trade on the Cai"* 4ute, If we soy It Is a machine which Is one of the most glorious triumphs of modern mechonlcol skill, whlcli is as yet the crowning glory of the printing profession all over the world and— of the " fourth estote" of Britain— a machine of which every printer ought to feel proud, and fire him with ambition to be possessed of — that machine which renders still more soored the power It reposes In the hands of those, who, by wielding It, control and guide — on both sides of the Atlontlc — the destinies of the world. All honor to the noble croft, towering obove all other professions, which wields thot power. All honor to the men who have placed such a machine In their hands. If Richard M. Iloe and his brothers hod never invented another machine but that one, it of itself would entitle their names to be engraved on the pages of history as amongst the greatest benefactors of their race. The fact of these machines having free scope to scatter their millions of sheets weekly broadcast over the world, from the presses of Britain and America, is of itself a powerful standing rebuke to that power which has trampled upon its liberty and gagged its power, in one of the most refined cities of continental Europe. It will be a glorious day for France when she is once more at liberty to erect such a machine as that, and regain the footing it was about to plant on her soil, when its progress was arrested by a questionable power. Hod Louis Philippe been on the throne of France to day, these presses would, in nil probobllity, have been sowing there also, seeds, the fruits of which must follow wherever the printing press has free liberty to work. Our previous conception of this mochlne, before seeing it in operation, was, that from the great Increase of printing power and speed, it must be very complicated in its con- struction, after seeing the old presses of Applegavths at work, with some of the sheets placed in at the ceiling, wending their way down through tapes to the very bed of the machine, and there receiving their impressions, and from that, traveling up another set of tapes to bo emitted obove, and there taken off by a " flyer,'' or person to take the sheets off. This machine of Hoe's, in construction, is totally different, and exceedingly simple. Instead of the " forms" and types being placed upon a flat bed, and made to traverse from one end of the machine to the other, in all about 16 feet, as referred to above, they revolve round along with the cylinder, and the machine, as a whole, presents the appearance of a single cylinder machine with ten feeders. The reader will observe in our engraving, at each end of the machine, the sheets in the act of being laid down by the self-acting " flying," or taking off, process. Tlie engraving represents a press, with ten impression cylinders, capable of printing 26,000 impressions per hour. Ten persons are required to feed on the sheets, which ore thrown out and laid in heaps by self-acting flyers, instead of a man to take off for every one feeding, — in that process olone, saving ten men in taking off the sheets. Similar machines, with six cylinders, capable of printing 15,000 impressions per hour, also with four cylin- ders, capable of printing 10,000 impressions per hour, are made by Hoe & Co. We moy mention, that the principal daily papers in America, are printed with these machines. Without them, the publishers could no more print their papers, and supply their thousands of impatient readers, many miles distant, every morning before breakfast, nery — and of lettert exnctncM ; lie stand* Irod aheett :ry, and in tB perform- hearts and as well as the states- But who le which is crowning f Britain— ition to be OSes in the lantic — the professions, line in their ine but that history as ects weekly a powerful i its power, ous day for 1 regain the [uestionable >8 would, in oust follow that from d in its con- t1)« sheets bed of the another set to talcc the exceedingly nd made to id to above, )resents the lerve in our own by the iting 26,000 are thrown every one r machines, four cylin- with these and supply e breakfast, DESCRIPTION or MESSRS. HOE's ESTABLISHMENT. 9 than they could fly to the moon. Oreat as the Americans are in many things, in nothing are they to groat, wo think, as in their printing machinery, compared with that of Britain. Tlio mlglity Thunderer of I'rlntlng-IIoute Square, has been obliged to Invito tho co-operation of Messrs. Hoe, to produce, under the workmanililp of MoMn, Whltworth, of Manchester, two of these 20,000 per hour marvels for the Times — which Arm have made one also for the Manchester Examiner and Times — whilst machines have been shipped from here direct, and fitted up by American workmen, in the ettabllshments of the Illustrated London News, Lloyd's Weekly News, and Manchester Guardian, to enable those newspapers to print tlielr large impressions in time for delivery. One is apt to think, what the consequence would be, now-a days, if any potentate was to follow the bigoted King James the Second's example, In either Britain or America, and de- cree to stop the working of these mighty civillzers of the world. Happily, we live in days more liberal — but only because, in a great measure, such machines as these have rendered them BO. Again, what If old Caxton, or Ben Franklin, could look up and see a ten-cylin- der machine at work, would they believe their own eyesight I Readers In England may see the largo machines at work at the offices in London and Manchester, aa before stated ; and in America, in several of the offices of tho New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Cin- cinnati, Baltimore, St. Louis, and New Orleans daily papers. There they form one of the most interesting sights In these cities. Having seen this wonderful machine working in London, and after seeing it again in operation in New York, curiosity prompted us to visit the establishment from wlience this Lovlathan in the printing world, and the world of mind, drew breath; consequently, we found our way to Messrs. R. Hoe & Co.'s works in Gold street. Now York — such an- other street us a person gropes his way through when he wishes to reach the Times office, in Printlng-HouBo Square, London ; so that one bent on such an excursion must not be too delicate either In his sense of smell, or sight ; and must not turn back because ho has not the broad pavement of Regent street or Broadway, to walk upon. Arrived at Messrs. Hoe's establishment, we find a largo counting-house, which, with its spacious and comfortable appliances, stands out in strong relief to Gold street outside, just passed through. On expressing our desire to see their OBtablishmont, and, if possible, some of tlicir machinery at work, we were informed that they would have pleasure in showing ua around — as they will all strangers, and particularly from Great Britain ; but informed us that we would have to go to the works in Broome street. We thought that the works we saw in the court-yard behind, were the works ; but we were politely told, these were only the "jobbing" works, and where the printers "furniture" was manufactured. Re- ceiving a card with the address, we soon found our way to the works in Broome street We may here notice, that the works are about a mile off ; but there is telegraphic commu- nication between the two establishments — rather a novelty in its way, in a private manufac- turing establishment — so that any stranger going from Gold street to Broorae-street works, it is known at the latter works aa soon as he has left the counting-house in Gold street. The works arc situated on Broome, Sheriff, and Columbia streets. Before entering the works, however, we had to go to the office, where we wore furnished with a ticket of admission — a safeguard perfectly necessary, when one recollects what was said of a certain Scotch machinist, who once got admittance into the printing office of tho London Times, and brought away such drawings — said to be on his finger nails, and his memory together, as enabled him to pruduce similar machines ib the Times was printed upon, for another celebrated printing establishment in Scotland. With the variety of patterns laying about, in Messrs Hoes' establishment, tho precaution is not an unnecessary or unreasonable one. To describe all we saw and felt, would take up too much of our space. We may, there- fore, briefly state, that the two principal articles manufactured here, are, hand printing presses and steam cylinder printing machines, from the smallest card jobbing press to the large ten-cylinder machine, and also hand and circular saws, of all sizes. In addition, however, to these, they also make lithographic and copperplate presses, stereotype planing machines, vertical steam-engines, hydrostatic presses, screw presses, 10 8AW8— BAILROAD-TICKIT PKINTINO PRK88. ruling maehlnM, Arming prcMot for tMMikblmlen, papor-outtlng machine*, lettorenpylog preiwt, etc Tho two gn«t departments, however, are the I'rlntlng I*rcH aiHl Haw manuhoturing departmenta, In the MW-makIng dc))artment, we mw the " toothing" prooeea, by which the large teeth are cut out of the platee of iteel by machinery, ai cailly ai if the knife was cutting through a piece of cheese. They are afterwards taken to the ground floor, where we m w Mimo twelve or fifteen grindstones at work, grinding and temporiug the plates, as well as polish- ing the surface. In the toothing-room, the saws, whether lung or square, are all rendered true by oare- fUl hammering and the use of the level. These saws are made in great quantities, and as Urge as six feet in diameter In circular saws ; and the long saws as much as ten feet in length. It is by the use of these immense saws cutting through a log of wood, with the circular ones flying round at the rate of 1000 revolutions a minute, that the trees in the vatit forests of America arc cut up, and constructed Into " sawn lumber," fit for its various uses afterwards. We wondered, to the heart of what solitary forest those we observed making would ere long be transported, to perform their dally work, regardleu of winter's f^ost or summer's scorching sun. One of these ten feet long saws will cut up 12,000 feet of timber in one day. To see them, however, in all their fearful grandeur, is when two and twenty of them are fixed in one frame, about one Inch or so apart, working up and down with great rapidity, and walking through a log of 24 inches In diameter, with all the ease in tho world — reducing the mighty " monarch of the forest" into twunty-four striplings of deal boards at one operation. In a lumber establishment on the River Ottawa, Canada West, we saw this done at a rate. In which, by the united action of these twenty-two saws in one frame, no less than 686 feet of timber was cut up in one minute ! In another part of the saw-room may be seen the beautlfbl smooth surface put upon them by means of machinery, altogether making one feel the extent of what that timber trade must be, when one establishment alone turns out such quantities of saws. In this article of large, long and clrculor saws, we understand tho makers of nrcat Britain have no chance In i^ompcting with the American makers, such at Messrs. Iloes, whilst In small hand-saws again, the English-made article maintains Its ground. When Messrs. Hoes first started saw making, they had men from Sheflield — who went on In the way they bad l)ccn accustomed to do — till they found out, that it did not compete successfully with Sheffield, and so continued until machinery was brought to assist them, and now, as we have eald, the English-made article In large saws has no chance with the American. It Is In the construction of their wonderful steam-printing machinery, however, which is most interesting, and here in another department will be seen printing machines In all stages, from the rough-cast cylinder, or malleable Iron, or brass fittings, to the completely erected machine ready for delivery. Having fiven a description of their latest improve- ment and greatest achievement lu this department, we need not allude to printing presses further than to say, that In one of their newly-invented card printing presses, a marvel of Ingenuity Is there presented. This livtle machine not only cuts cards for Itself, but prints them at the rate of from 16,000 to 20,000 per hour! We actually did not believe it, till we saw it in operation. It not only does that, but counts them off In quantities of 20, 40, 60 or 100, or any quantity In fact, and prints consecutive numbers on tht-m, same as the paging of a ledger, up as high as number 909,000. These are valuable machines, where railroad passenger-tickets, or such, are wanted. One of the great difficulties for some tlmt! was, how t« print these tickets and number them at the same time, and yet every ticket to have a different numljer. In this press (railroad-ticket printing press) that is accomplished, with the cards worked on to this little automaton machine in the shape of a roll of card-board. It thus enters at one end, and appears next, cut, printed, counted, and every one numbered differently. What will machinery be doing next for us I This even beats the automaton oven and baking machine described elsewhere. We had almost forgot to say, that a large portion of the works are connected with manu- facturing from Spanish cedar and cherry wood — the type cases, and the other wood work UUTELS IN AMERICA. 11 requlnd by th« printing profcMlon. In fiiot, the MeHn. IIo« nunufketar* every UHng fur • printer, excepting typce and Ink. We take pteeture here in itatlng, th*t Meure, Iloe employ nothing but picked, (Int- olaM workmen in every department, to whom they pay the highest wagee given by any In •Imilar worki, Even the very laborers mutt be good at what they have to do, and eaoh and all men of undoubted iteatllneM, and renpeotablllty of character. They have flrtt- elaM workmen from England, Hootland, Franco and Ocrmany, and at one time we have heard, thity had actually IHiiki and Armeniant working. When the worki are ai buiy as they ran be, fully Ave hundred men are employed. At the time of our vidt, about three hundred and fifty were employed. ith manu- rood work ;'„ .;. ■ , HOTELS IN AMERICA. ; HoTKui in America are generally immonie blocks of buildings— sometimes a square brick or stone block — resembling a warehouse in I/indon or Monchester (Eng.); at other times rivalling. In exterior splendor, that of nuckingham palace. They vary in sUe, and •re fitted up to accommodate from one hundred to nearly one thousand guests, and are conducted upon different systems. Some are exclusively upon the American plan, others upon the European ; others, on the American and European combined — so that guests may please themselves which to adopt Tliero are hotels almost exclusively frequented by Germans, others by Frenchmen, whilst the principal hotels are all patronized by Ameri- cans, British, and natives of all parts of the world. Regarding the hotel conducted on the American plan, we may explain that there is a large hall, used exclusively for taking meals. All the guests sit at the same table, unlesa when two or three tables are necessary. These halls range from one hundred to two hun- dred and fifty feet long, by about from fifty to one hundred feet broad. There will be ■een, say a magnificent set-out dinner-table for one hundred or more guests, with a line of table-napkins, in upright fantastic form, stuck into every tumbler, which range along each side of the table from end to end. The meals — all previously prepared and brought up— are placed on side tables, and there delivered to the white or colored waiters, each one of whom has four or six guests only to wait upon. It is one of the most novel sights for a stranger to see in one of those immense dlntng-halli, s whole regiment of Sambos waiting for the signal to uncover such of the dishes as arc placed on the tables before the guests. After all the company are seated, say twenty to thirty of these waiters are ranged, one half on each side of the table, behind the guests, in military line. At a given signal, each one reaches over his arm and takes hold of ihe handle of a dish. That is the first movement. There they all hold for a second or two, when, at another signal, they all at the same moment lift the cover, all as If flying otf at one whoop, and with as great exactness as soldiers are expected to " shoulder arms." This is the case In the $2.00 or (2.60 houses In the large cities. In the smaller or cheaper houses, the same formality or order is not to bo seen in that respect, nor are the dining- halls, of course, so splendid. In almost all hotels, there are no carpets in the dining- saloons, which rather detracts from the apparent comfort In the minds of those who have always been accustomed to dine in rooms nicely carpeted. In this large hall, all meals are taken ; breakfast, dinner, and tea— or supper, as It is called. The hours vary In different hotels. Generally, breakfast la at 7 or 8, a. m. ; dinner, 1 2 or 1 , p. ji. ; tea, or supper, at 6 to 7, p. h. Some of the large and most fashionable houses havo second dinners, set out at 6 or 6, p. m. The meals, one and nil, may be said to be " royal," in the fullest sense of that word. Even in hotels, where the charge is only $1 per day, or $,*} or $4 per week, the set-out is not to be despised. For the curious in such matters, we moy stole what the meals consist of, at a house of that description — wliic) will be found quite common all over the States. For breakfast, excellent; tea, coffee, or cocoa; becfstvAks, mutton ebops, \\tk)u, Hih, poco- 12 ItOTICLH IN AMKItlCA. to«t, (rottitfil, Imllril and M«<1); l)Uok-wh«at cakci, IrulUn corn «*ko*, (Ukt paoeakM,) Indian corn bread, wlicaten ami brown braad, biittvr, and «K({*; lh« latter, by tha way, bruk<»n angtiiat«d by, of cuiirie, what U in iMion. What li provided, may b« lald to contain " «!! tha delicaviv* of tho Matou,* and oven a f«w which are unknown at tha liot«l dinner tablet in (ireat llrltain. In July la»t, wa found at a ft per day houte, Id a Dorlhurn Btata, tha fullowiog bill of far*;— Huup. — MacoaronI and vermicelli. Fmii. — Mookcrel, trout, and white flth, lioiLcn ItMiiisa. — Ham, tongue, and oliiokenik HoA*T DuHU. — Bci'f and lamb. Vkuictahlks. — I'otatoca, (boiled and roaited,) turnlpa, green peai, cabbage, beetroot, let- tuce, onioni, Fruncli beam, iqua*h, picV'le*, etc. Paitry, — Apple pie, rhubarb pie, Indian corn pudding, (like ground rloe,) whent^n bread pudding, floating Uland, Mponge oako, ohuete, biicuit, etc. Tva^r lupper, a* it ii called— ooniiitt of the lamo ai at breakfaat time, with an addition of tponge cako, Jcllict, Jams and paatry, aufflcient for the iweetvit uf teeth. At evi'ry men], tbere ii unlvorially act down a tumbler of cold water. In fact, that accompitnli-s every tort of menl In America. Considering that tho foregoing faro ia provided In hotcli where you are boarded and lodged for f I per day, you ask younelf tho question, How Is it done, and where in Great Britain could you get such fare, for any thing like double the omount of money? In the f '2 SO (or 10«. itg.) peb day houses, of courto the meals are more sumptuous still, there being magnlflcent desserts placed on the table after dinner, consisting of the most tempting of home, at well at tropically grown, frulta^ In connection with the meals at American hotels, we confess we have failed, like Mr. W, Chambers, to tee much of that fast eating attributed to Americans. Wu have teen quite M much of that in England, at at any hotel In America. At first-clast houses, in the largo citlei, we have many timet considered them decidedly slow at meat. We have soon instances of tome finithing the^ moali quickly — but we have seen that excelled many a oooro of timet, in " coffee roomt" and " commercial rooms" of hotelt in England, where either not being called In time — meals not ready when wanted or ordered— tho unfortunate traveler wat often obliged to " bolt" them at o rate about at fast at the approaching loco- motive he v'at anxiout to be in time fur. As a general rule, people here do not sit so long at their mealt at they do at the tables in the hotelt in Great Britain, greatly owing, we think, because tho drinking cuttomt are not indulged in to much here. At table, there is not so much ceremony and formality, and dining doet not generally occupy to long time — whilst at some tablet, a proportion of the guestt may be men in business, who allow themselves only a certain time for meals, and as goon as done, are dctirout of perusing a newspaper, in the reading room, before returning to businest. The bedrooms of all hotels almost, in America, have one great advantage — they are lofty and clean, at a general rule ; the first-class houses scrupulously cleari. Tho most gorgeous apartments of first-class hotels — or, as we may call them, the |2 or $i .60 (8«. to 10«.) per day, houses — are the ladies' parlors, drawing-rooms, eai reception-rooms. Visitors, on calling, are received in the reception-rooms, which are little drawing-rooms of themselves. The public sitting-rooms are really gorgeous apartments, and such, we fancy, as many on the British side of the Atlantic Lave little idea of. Let the stranger enter one of these magnificent, lofty roomt, evjn although he has been accustomed to the Great Western at Faddington, the Euston, or any of the fashionable hotels in St James or Albemarle street, London, (Eng.,) or D lUglas's in Edinburgh, he will be met with splendor he scarcely reckoned on. On whatever point the eye rests, it it only to be dazzled or pleased. If the HOTELS IN AMKHICA. 18 •neakM,) tha way, l)« mIartm«nt, Wa are in *ol)ar earneat In our remark*, a* all will know who have *«en thcpie palatial reildenea*. If tha (juean of tha United Kingdom ahould viiit thoia shore*, neither Her Majcity nor guardian* need fear tha want of queenly accommodation, even in tha everyday life of a iir«t clans American hotel. The ladle*' drawing-room i* appropriated for *ingle ladle*, ormorriad ladles and uhlldren, and for gentlemen who accompany their wivvs, or sister*, and familia*. Single gentlemen, travelling alone, will And a gentleman's parlor for sitting in. Buch, however, aru not uiuvh frequented in summer, generally. In fine weather, the grntlonien prefer *o sit dbout the doors, in the coul of the summer evening, or in the reading-room, whore the newspaper* are. Bingie gentlemen are frequently invited into the ladies' drawing-room by the proper Inmates of it, and sometimes strangers go in uninvited, by mistake. In such cane*, full allowance is made for the error, and, most probably, some of the ladies will open up n con- versation, and thereby make the stranger feel at once at home. Tlie fastidious Englishman — when ho enters a hotel on the American plan for the first time — may turn up his noso at some things which he sees, simply owing to the dilferenoo of system adopted here. If he has been a commercial traveller, for instance, who, as an old stager on some favorite ground in Britain, and as well known as tho village clock at every crack house all along his route — where tho chambermaid will be sure to put him into the best bedroom — where tho boots will bo like to break his neck, and his back, too, in assisting on his arrival — while the oily waiter, with his rrimaon countenance in white choker so clean, stands rubbing his hands, with a towel under his left armpit, and the sleek and w«ll> lined host approaches to shake tho arrival by the fist — such a gentleman will find a mighty difference in an American hotel. First of all, let ui remind him that, in the consideration of expenses, there is a great saving here. You can live here at a hotel equal in magnificence to a Mlvnrt's or a St. James's hotel, for lOt. (stg.) per day, and no fees to chambermaids, waiters, boots, or porters. Your meals will comprise delicacies with which you never hove been favored, even in your "best house on the road ;" so that if a different course is pursued here, different and better courses are laid before you. But you Aiay wish to dine by yourself, as at liome. Well, you can be accommodated at the hotel, on the European plan. Only rcuieraber, that in sitting down at the public table of a hotel here, on the American plan, you will meet with the company of the most accomplished ladies as well as gentlemen, the former being unknown guests at your " commercial room" tables in old England, Scotland, or Ireland. Here you will sec a deference, respect, and attention paid to ladies, exceeded nowhere — not even by the politest people said to be in the world — the Parisiansi If you are found to be a well-bred and true gentleman, it will not be a very difficult matter, particularly to you, a stranger from Britain, to get introduced in the drawing-room to the best of its society. It is true, that at the public dinner-table you will miss your accustomed " president" at the one end, and your " vice" at the other ; you will miss your bottle or two of wine, or as much as you have been accustomed to " put away." But here wo are wrong. You may call even for your wine or spirits, and get any thing of that kind supplied ; but if you do, you will feel " oil alone in your glory," and be left to propose and respond to as many toasts as is usual, from " the Queen, and God bless her," down to " absent friends ;" but this aOTIM IN AMERIOA. bMr fn mint), j'. T)i« <*»nt itylM of Iha ilr»Mi<<»— Ihu marry tk««* — tha p*rf<>ct foraat of Ul>U-iia|>klii4 which, atiixk Inlu th of knlfe-anii fork work, tttiin ona ami of th had an extra " heavy go," for dlnn«rblll alonu — hora yott hava had all yuu could dimlra In aatahlai, for f^oin l«. to U. (*t|{.), drpandfog u|>i>n tha houia you atop at. In connection with thU auhject, wa would refer you to a letter In tha London Ihu « of July K), 18M, wherein a genlleman coniplalna of a hotel at Brighton, (not, howarer, the "('larenoa,") at lieltiff charged in a dinner-bill, ai followi: — Houp, two cliopg, peaae, pota- totxi, eheeaa and bread— only (?) 7*. itarling; and with half a pint of iharry wina, 8i. t In all, IOk,, or $'i.aO — exactly thepr^c* o/ont inlirt day'* board and todffing at oua uf tha tip top houtoi in New York. If you ihould, howerer, think aoma of the company rather plebeian, w« would hare you to recollect, that at the dinner-table here, at well at everywhere alie In America, "Jack la aa good at hit matteri" and If you happen to have got an engagement in a ttore, you will meet your employer here at table, and ho will meet you In a very dllferent tpirit, and with wry different feelingt, from what tome " old governor," you once had, would hava met you at the dinner-tabla^lf he had ever met you there at all. If It thould to happen that you have not got tuch a nloo bed-room ■§ yoo would Uka at the hotel, all you have to do It to give the clerk the hint. In a quiet, gentlemanly, and affable manner, and he will meet you In the tame way, and give you, mott likely, the iirat room he can for the better. The clorkt at hotelt here, are obliged, at they are generally found to be, civil, obliging, gentlemanly men ; bred, mott likely, at you yourtelf were, otherwita they could not occupy the pott of book-keeper and cathier, and in many catet tpeaking three or four languaget. If, however, you " try it on" with thorn, in the ttyle of " born to eomroand," to utual in hotelt in Britain, you will find you make one of the greatett mla- taket you ar« apt to make In thit country, for want of not knowing better how to go about 'nattert. Home of the principal hotelt in all large citlct in America, are open all night ; in fact, they arc nevt/ (hut fW>m the mo.'ning the houi« U opened by the tenant, till It It oloted forever by him. A freih clerk, with freih tervantt, go on duty at night, and relieve ench other with the tame regularity as the toldlert relieve each other at the Hone (iuarda. One great advantage of the American hotel It, that, being open all night, at we have laid, and that you arrive, lay at four o'clock in the morning, you will meet with the tame attention ond promptneia at if you had arrived at twelve at noon ; and In tome of the hotelt, where there It a bar always open, you can have meals at any hour of the night or morning, just as promptly as at one o'clock in the afternoon. On your arrival ut a hotel in America, you will not bo saluted by a waiter or two in white cravat, black cloth suit, etc., and with an Immense deal of bowing and humbug from either waiter or landlord. Instead of that, you enter the hotel, perhaps unseen ; go right up to the desk nt the office ; ask for the visitors' book, (where you enter your name, and where you are from); tell the clerk you have some luggage, (or baggage at it is invari- ably called,) when he will summons one of the porters of the house to bring It from the door, if there. You apply for a bedroom, the clerk pretentt you with the key of a room of a certain lumber ; the porter, who has brought In your baggage, is desired to ascend with IIOTEIJi IV AMKRIOA. you to your rtxim, »tu\ ili«r« you will llnti U all reaily fur your rMaptloBi aDil U( yuu ar- rlv* wlii*B*v»r you will, tha iMninMnii you mi» fnt to U avrlaln to do In iImI (UM, •mi auuo of thu liurry MurryliiK wlikh U tu ba Mau •oinutlutM tu ImUU In tlnuUiKl •ml Hvoi- teui), wlMn • room U r-t tn ortl»r for • frmh guvat to ahtcr It. Vuur Ii*kk»||* Ulwb In your ruoui, it will Im bottor for y<|U*ntly llnil |)rlnt«tl tin • |il«a«ri| auiI bunK ii|i tn your riHMu. Tba hay wblvli yuu gut from Uio oUi'b U Intandxl to l>4i utoti ly you A^ ur diNir •lw«y* lockad durtriij; Ibn Jny, •nd wbrn not la your badnMini, vlthar keap tliii kay In your pookal, or what la )(vnar«l, rn-turn it U> tb« «l«rk at tlia uttivn, wbo will h^n^ It up; •ml whuM duty It la to raoolve it from, and d*> llvtr H to you, wb«navar yuu Ilka. Any cuiupUint you umy b«v« to inaka; any tliluK not aiaotly tu your onlodi anycliangt you may want) ttanipa, wafara, at<\ i lni|ulrlii« •• to iMMtotHce, or any tiling »U« |)«rtaln- Ing to tha town ; any waabln^ ri<<|ulrlnK atti'iiiillnKtOitburii la only una man to talk tu alNiul Ibeaa and all auoh matter*, and tbat H, tha iil«rk or buok'kar|>«r In tba offlpa. It la nou*« talkinif to larvanla; tlvny will |)ay no at(«iillon U) yuu, further, than ttdl you to apply at the oltlca. < >f ouui <<>, «t any Uma, you may ring tha ball in your rovm, ami tba vlcrk will dU|i*tab a portnr to m>o what you Wunt. Una of thn moat Important aiaiatanta alnrnt a hotal bara, U lb« cltFt, tba factotum of tha ratabllahmviit, and who la to Imi found In oltHM altundunoa, a* w« have Mild, at thit dnak or In tha " oiKon" of the bolnl — thi> lattar a di-p«rtni«nt altnoat unknown In botuls In Britain. With tha olark you make your t«rm« for board and liHlg> inx on i>nterlnK, Whatuvor lermt you mako. It will b« an much pnr day or per weak. In many botcN, wbero tba vbarife U t'l.tH) par day, yuu will And, by making a bar|{*ln p*r mtk, it nmy not coat you much mori' than half tbat turn per day. In tbt< aamn way with houiu'i whuaa cbar)(e it $1.00 per day, you may board and lod)(a for $:(.00 or f 1.00 par wat^k ; and wbctbar you iMrKnin by the waek or by tho (biy, thu bllli of faro aru the aame — your tMitronnKo U eateem :d juit the luiine for a day, ai for a week, and you can atay a* long at you like, or go wlicn you like, Unly there It thlt tu bo renuiuibvrod, that you had batter atcrrtuin the boura for mcala, at, if you ara not there at mtialhtuir — and lote mealt — there it no reduction made in the rate per day, it boln(( all the tame whotbar you take mealt or not. liunrdhiK In hotelt, at a regular ^bing, it quite common by young men in tituationt, and young married couplet, who have not the meant proliably to furnitb and keep up a bouta u they would like, or wbo do not wub to liavc ita caret and troublea. Fnmlilct, however, who have any IdeA of reilding permanently in a town, furnitb at once, if they have tbo meant. We have met many young men in tituationt — In towut in the Statet — wbo being unmarried, board and lodge in the hotel, and do no very reipcotably and comfortably, fur |I8 or $4 per week, and feel convinced they live better, and are more comfortable tlian If in private lodgingt. Workmen, again, with and without famiUea, wbo are ttrangert in a town, seek out a rcapectable hotel, where they And it very convenient and economical, until they get either private lodging*, or rent a houie of their own. We have met with toveral work- men In the northern and wettern ttatet, wbo, earning their $8 to f 10 per week, live regularly at the hotel, paying $3 to $4 per week for board and lodging, tuch at it un- known to the working clataet in Oreat Britain, who have the tame amount of waget, viz. : 82«. to 40ii. per week. Half an hour or to before each meal, a huge gong it Bounded through all parta of the house, with noite tufflcient to waken the dead, were it pottible. On the eound of the second gong, it it to Intimate that every thing is ready, and you are desired to take your ■eat at (Able. The top, or head end of the table, is always reserved for Indies, and gentle- men with ladies, seated all together. The single gentlemen take the first seat they lay hands on. American hotels are owned or leased by sometimes only one party, and in other oases by I; ^ ^ ^ w,^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 11.25 Ul|21 125 ■tt l&i 122 140 0> ^ Hiotographic Sdences Corporalion 23 WEST MAIN STRBET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 '^.*«?5, ■<«\>* A <> o^ 10 HOTELS IN AMERICA. two or three in partnerthtp. Sometimef • man ii • partner In a hotel, and a manufacturer or merchant at the tame time. He will inreit hie money at a epeculation in a hotel, Jnit ai toon at in a cotton mill, a railroad, or a bank. Again, there is one man in the State*, who It letiee of no let* than fire of the largett houtet, in different oitiei. The conducting of a hotel, in America, it reduced to a tyttem at methodical and perfect at the carrying on of a cotton mill, or conducting a garrlton, and hotelt here are jntt at un- like tome of the hotelt in Britain, aa a country draper't thop it to a mammoth tiied warehouie, in Manchester or London, The hotel proprietor It generally a threwd, actire, gentlemanly man of butinets, who workt more with hit head than his hands. In the offices attached to some hotelt are two or three clerks or book-keepers, whose duty it it to answer all parties calling. When about to leave a hotel, give all yonr instructions to the clerk at the office. If yon leave word any where else, it may be forgot. If you leave it with the clerk, it it almost certain to be punctually attended to, Kear the clerk's office, there is generally a washing room, where you can wash yonr hands, etc., without the trouble of going up to yonr room to do so. All hotel keepers have skeleton keys to the bed-room doors, so that in leaving yonr room looked, it is better to leave all your baggnge locked up. Those keys are neoesaary to enable the servants to clear up the room in your absence. Regarding the hotels upon the European plan, we may observe that in some of them there is a " coffee room," similar to that department of a British hotel, where the guest may take meals at a table by himself; or again, where the meals are served up in the pri- vate rooms engaged by guests, We may here remark that the European plan of hotel keeping is gaining ground in the large cities, amongst the iirst-class houses. The hotels on the European and American combined, are conducted, in every other respect, same as an exclusively American hotel, excepting in the serving of meals. It is in having a coffee room — and meals supplied at separate tables there, or in private apartments — ^in what the difference contiste. Frequenters of iirst-olass hotels in England, will find themselves suited in America equally as well, and, we suspect, immensely cheaper than at hotels in Britain, and with all the comforts of the elite of the houses in " Bel- gravia" or " Modern Athens," or in the " Hotel du Louvre." Snites of private apartments, with bath rooms, and every modem convenience, can be engaged, fitted up in regal magnificence, either in the exclusively European, or semi- American and semi-European plan, with the best attendance— carriages, horses, and every thing which is generally attached to firtt-olase houtet By an ingenious contrivance, all the noise of ringing of bells in the honse is avoided. An instrument called an " annnnciator," is placed in the clerk's office. At a given signal from any particular room, the number of the room is indicated upon the dial-plate of the instm- ment, by one stroke of a call-bell, when a servant is dispatched to the room to ascertain what is wanted. Connected with every hotel there are numerous bath-rooms, and a barber's shop. Judging from the numbers who frequent the latter, and the time spent under the peruquier's handi^ and in the washing-rooms attached, the Americans appear to be very particular as to their cleanly personal appearance and comfort Parties are recommended not to be over-communicative with strangers they may meet staying at hotels, as almost all hotelt are infested with a set of prowling " loafers" and sharpers, who are continually on the look-out after strangers, on whom to practise var: .ub descriptions of imposition and robbery. One may be officiously polite in offering to show you the " lions" of the city or town ; another will assume to be a perfect stronger like yourself, in visiting such ; whilst a third will pretend he is travelling to the same place you are going to, ond offers to take you to the proper place for obtaining a ticket to your destination — whilst he is only an employ^ of a " bogus" or swindling ticket-office, alter alL Some strangers, who consider themselves very " smart" at home, have found, to their cost, smarter fellow-eompanions in strangers in such cities as New York. \> WORTHY OF CRKDIT — TRADE PROTECTION. H PROTECTION TO TRADE AND DEBT COLLECTING. A oouunciAi traToller aoqnalnUnee of oan, ono« wm dealroat of opening an Moount with a very good and ufe man, but such wai the nature of the oustomer he had to meet, that the traveller wu for aome time at a loet how to approach him, ae, from all he had heard of him, he waa one of those purse-proud, ignorant, and contemptible men who are to be met with sometimea behind a retail shop or store counter, by travellers " on the road." There was only one way to make the attack, as he was determined to let him understand that the obligation of doing business between individuals, was mutual, so he resolved to " take the bull by the homsi" Walking into the shop, with parcel of patterns in hand, and an utter stranger, although not unacquainted with the peculiarities of the man he had to deal with, thus addressed him : " I have called, sir, to pay you one of the highest oompU- ments which one man can pay to another," delivered with all that suavity of manner and perfect coolness with which some accomplished travellers are largely endowed. Tlie cus* tomer was taken aback from so unusual a saluUtion, and was brought to inquire, " Indeed, sir 1 In what respect f " Simply, sir," said the traveller, " that the house I have the honour to represent, considers you worthy of credit." The result was, that between what the cu». tomer considered the audacity of the traveller, and that he felt the truth of the compliment, it led to business between the two. We mention this anecdote briefly, to illustmte how difficult it is to do bnsluess with some men, however good value may be placed before them, but more particularly, that the man who, although at one time in the hey-day of prosperity — and whose position is one of undoubted good credit, with every one more anxious than another to do business with him — may not always remain in that excellent position, but who, a few years afterwards, may afford as good reasons why the commer^ cial traveller should be as desirous of avoiding his acquaintance as our friend was of mak- ing it, and hence the necessity and utility of one of those " institutions" in America, called " Commercial" or " Mercantile Agencies," connected with which, is that of Debt Collecting. The system of Trade Protection Societies, as carried out in Great Britain is in its infancy, when compared with the syatem in operation in America, Where is the protection society there, for example, that can produce in its office a record of the commercial standing of every man in business from Penzance to John O'Oroat's, or from Ballycastla to Dundrum Bay. It is true, that such as Messrs. Perry of London have a register of all London tradera only, and may procure information, perhaps, regarding men at a distance ; or it may be tliat a Trade Protection Association in Manchester or Leeds can give information about parties in those districts to their members writing to, or calling at their offioes, but if inform mation is wanted about a man in Wick, (Orkney,) Enniskillen, (Ireland,) or Truro, (Corn- wall,) or other more out of the way places than these, they have to write and procure the information, and ten chances to one if they have correspondents there from whom they can get any information at all. The mercantile or commercial agencies of America are conducted by private firms — whose standing can be easily osccrtained by parties desirous of employing them — thus doing away with the objections to boards of directors about such establishments. They are carried on upon an immense scale, with agents and correspondents ramificating throughout the whole of the Union and Canada, and now we understand they are extend- ing their business to Great Britain, Ireland, and the continent of Europe. Their register of traders extends to every man engaged in business in every town and county in all the states and territories of America, as well as in Canada. This may be termed their " Trade Protection" department. In this department sets of books are kept, in which is entered the name, trade, and address of every man who is in business, whether that is in New Orleans or Nova Scotia, in California or Canada. In a certain folio in a ledger, every man's name is entered, followed up by a variety of particulars, such as when he commenced business, what means he had, what was his moral character and business abilities, his mar- riage or fomily connections, etc., etc., so as to present a complete history of every trader from the date he started in business. Thus far, then, every man's character and circum- ! 18 MEROAMTILK AGENCY BTSTEM. •tanoM are " poaUd op" into one of th« ledger* of the firm. At the end of every lix month*, « fresh entry It made at hli folio in the ledger, detailing any freih ciroumetancet whieh may liave arUen to alter the private or builneM oharaoter of the trader. Thui, for example, if he began ten yean ago, there I* an entry made at the end of every rix month*, showing all the olrouroitanoee attending hie career down to the preient day ; at all events, so far a* has been possible for the mercantile agency to get to know. Titus, then, Mr. John Smith may have been in good standing when he started business, went on all right, and made money. At the end of the first year, stood reported in the agencies' books ; " perfectly truatworthy" at the end of the second year, however, the report stood that he was " given more to hit rifle and dogs than to industry ;" at the end of the fifth report, or six months after the laat, " seen frequenting drinking saloons too often— caution necessary in giving credit ;" whilst after other two report*, or at the end of other twelve months, the report stands, " accom- modation paper going freely between him and another house — credit fast on the decline ;" at the end of the next six months, the report says, " sold out to Mr. A. B., who has re-sold out to Mr. C. D,," evidently a swindle, thus putting a very fatal report upon his fbture career. During the last two years or so, houses who have been desirous of knowing something of Mr. Smith, with the view of trying to do business with him, or others who have been doing business with him, have got uneasy as to reports they have heard respecting him, so that Meters Ck>tton, Cloth ank suspending payment, have recourse upon the comptroller, who " winds up" the concern, and pays the note-holders, the omount of the notes, subject to a deduction for expenses Incurred in winding up. In such cases, the note-holdert hove to wait some time, before the matters of tuch concerns ore tettled, and hope for oa near 100 cents to the dollar, as possible. No tuch bonk con issue more than the quantity they have given pledget for, because every note bears on its face, the signature of the comptroller, and he will not sign his name for more than he has received value for. Banks, whose safety to the public are thus secured, hove on the face of their notes the words printed — "Secured bt toe pledge or public stocks," and in addition to having the sig- natures of the president and cashier of the bonk, the note it itamped that in oval form, generally, " Counterdgned and Registered in the Bank Department" Then follows the signature of the conl^troller, specifying, also, of what State. Thut for, then, as one aomple — as to the issue of Ultimate paper, or bank bills, or notes. Depositors hove no recourse, as in Britain, upon the shareholders of any joint stock bonk. They have to take their proportion of a dividend out of the estate of such — as in any other ordinary suspension or bankruptcy. This was Illustrated in the cose of the Ohio Life and Trust Company of ClncinnoU, which was a bonking institution, and, previous to its suspen- sion In October, 1857, enjoyed the greatest amount of public confidence, and was looked upon as safe a concern as the Bonk of England itself. Those who hod deposited their funds there, hod no recourse against the individual membera or shareholders of that company. It may be remembered, that It was the very first to succumb to the pressure, of either mis- management or some other cause, and the concern which sounded the first key-note of dis- trust, suffering, and wont of confidence which has spread all over the world, and which, even now, Is for from having recovered from it. An immense omount of banking is carried on by men who issue no notes, ond who as- sume the title of banker, and who ore just as much entitled to it, and as worthy of it as Glyn, Mills & Co., or Coutts & Co., of London, who, of course, as is well known, issue no notes of their own. y* WILD-OAT BANKINO. Suoh men carry on their builncM— and mott extenilTcly— on ilmllar prlnolpln to th« aforatald London bankeri, and are to b« found In all tlie ohitf olttct and towns in tha BtatM. In oltl«t or town* wlxra there U no bank oonitltuted ai we have explained, and who iiaues Iti own notet, tlie trading community are neooetltated to keep their money In the handi of private bankers, and depend upon them for diioouutlng bills and reoelv Ing temporary assistance at any partloukr time. With banking, they connect the " exchange" business, a branch of business little known, comparatlTcly speaking, by the great mass of the people In Britain, arising, no doubt, from the fact tlwt the matter of exchange, or rather, the difference in the value of money In bank notes is not affected by differences In locality so much In Great Britain as is the case in America. This leads us Into the matter of exchange, which we will notice by itself. Before we dismiss the matter of banks of issue, we will refer to the system of Wild-Cat Banking as it is called. WILD-OAT BANKING. Wb cannot explain how it is that the banking ginut homo has thus been connected with the untamed of the feline species ; oerUin It Is, however, that the signification is well understood, and a " wild-cat" bank note, if suspected, is looked at and handled as a man would handle a hot poker, and if he should have been unfortunate enough to bum his fingers by the operation, he very often suffers in silence, till he puts It into tlie hands of some one else who is not aware of its quality, and who, in travelling, may pay it away quite Innocently 1000 miles off in two days afterwards. Its appearance being hailed, per- haps, as a small god-send, by some one who has not seen the " colour" of money for some time. In this way " wild-cat" bank notes get into circulation, and continue, sometimes for long periods, absent f^om home. Thousands and tens of thousands of dollars' worth of those notes are in circulation ; over the Western States more particularly. They havo cost the " wild-cat" only the paper, engraving, and his business-like signature to them, with the " promise to pay," on demand, too, but forgetting to add, even by way of nota bent, if he is able and willing. His game sometimes is, after he has got out as many as he cares about having out, or can get out, perhaps some friend raises a " hue and cry" as to the stability of his bank, and he, poor unfortunate (Y), what can he do but decline business — " collapse," " buret up," or put a printed placard on his shutters, " Gone to Kansas," if not for change of air, certainly for change of scene, for future operations. It happens, however, sometimes, that such " wild-cat" concerns go on for years, and make a sort of legitimate burking buBlness out of It, so long as it answers their purpose. As an assistance for the detection of wild-cat, and all spurious or " broken bank" notes, see our notice headed " Bank Note Reporters." As illustrative of sometliing akin to this description of banking, and having reference to State Stock Banks, (or banks having their notes secured by the deposit of State stocks as already explained,) we give the following quotation from the St. Louis Evening Nem, of 8d September, as showing that even that description of bank bills are tampered with, and circulated in a manner never intended by the law. Active messures are taking to organise a brood of stock banks In the State of Iowa, under the general bank- ing law recently adopted In that State. Of course, 8t, Louli and Chicago wlU be expected to take all that come* of that fresh flood of Irredeemable money, and turn It Into gold and exchange. The Iiraelltes that were compelled by their Egyptian task-masters to make bricks without straw, were not harder worked than are these two western cities to support the foreign speculator* In State bonds, by eonverting their reams of " lampblack and rags" Into actual cash. When will the people of the Mississippi Valley rouse up to the clear comprehension of the swindle that I* practised upon them by the stock banks of the West f Those banks never redeem their note* In gold or sil- ver, except when they are " wound up" by the comptroller. They never furnish exchange at the points where It Is wanted, and where their lying promises to pay are gathered, In the course of trade. The system of stock banking, without the Clearing House feature, I* an enormous fraud, and a seU-perpetuating evil, that will exhaust the West of its gold, and end In a vast expansion of paper money, and a ruinous revulsion before many yean. Just consider the operation of these banks a moment : a set of speculators — most probably having their abode in Wail street, New Tork— to obtain $S0,000 of State bonds. With this start they organise a bank, say on Raccoon Creek, Wisconsin. They deposit the bonds with the State comptroller, who issues them a batch of bank notes thereon. These notes are sent to St. Louis and sold, as any like bundles of paper might be, at 1 per cent discoont. Our broker*, banker* and merchant* give countenance to thii kind of KXCIUNOK UITHINESD — DirrKKBNOEfl OF UXCIIANOK. ■ODtf . Th*]r alt M/ " It'i foad, pcrftolly tMur*, tl«„ Mil «• miMt Uk* It, tiM wt will Injur* th* tr»4« or Um oltjr." II I* raid %f th* mali«ri •ntl iMutn of U «l I |>«r c«nl illwoiinl for MlMourl p*p«r. Th« owntn, Ihroufh Ihclr M, l.aula Mriiu, pruMnt lhn« MlHuuri nniM to lh« baiiki iinil lUmanit l^» »p*eit. II b paid, and Immadlalaljr •hlnptd to New Viirk, and lnvnl(d In annihtr halch nf Mala honita, which mala bondi »ra mada iha bail* o( anolhar naw bank on Wlldeal Oaak, luwa ; and iha mil** of Ihit naw " wildcat" ar* In Ilk* inann*r mrI Io M. Laul* and cold Atr Mlaaourl pap«r, wlicriby mor* ipacl* to drawn from ih* MUwourl banki, and icnt away Io ornnli* mor* luch bank*. Thu* doM th* ■wlndllnt proo**d, and multiply Itadf without check or limit. Th* country to fllUd with worthlcc* bank bllto that ara ncrar r«d**n*d. Th* ipcel* ■• drawn from MlMourl bauk* and •liliipcd la Naw York Io buy bomb ', and tot *T*ry dollar *o to*t w* |*t a papar dollar In ralum. And, lnt*lll(*nt (ft p*apl*,lnflu*nllal bankam raa Ihto Uvlna ontrag* on booaat labour and Uiltlmat* bankloi luliig on, audilanii n**dl***, a* If parBlyi*d b*for* th* tin, Th* only i«f«ty, th* onhr pormanant ralUf, will b* fbund In pulling a check en th* *ipamlon of an Irra- d**mabla pan«r currcnev In th* Mbatoelnpl Valley, Let every hank mile that circulate* h* fnrred In recug- ntoe the •pecle baato In it. Louto and la I'hlcaga. Then, If a merchant In Hi. I^uto want* eaeiern eiokange, and haa U,000 or |10,000 In llUnob or Wtoconain current' v, he may go to llie CIcarliiK lliiu»a of luch money, and get the gold or th* *iohang*. H* will not b* compelled, ae now, to lell hb currently, Inae a part of n by dtoeoHOt, gel Mtoaouri note* la rtluro, and th*D demand and obtain gold (Iran the Mtoaourt bank*. Although nreat Hrltoin cannot boaat of " wildcat" hankcn In name, It muit li« confctaod that the eventa of th« late oommcrclal panic, ha* developed the fact that " wlldcnta" ara to be found oven among the banking fraternity of wealthy England, caution* Hcotland, and Impetuous Ireland ; a fniternlty, by the way, which i« popularly believed to exUt somewhere In the region of the leventh heaven of honour, morality, and Infallibility, but aa recent eventa have proved, Ita membert are only mortal after all, and who are aa llabia to err, morally a« well at criminally, at the young and rlalng merchant, whoae billi they may be deilront of dlaeonntlng, lo long aa It aniwen the purpoac of manager or director*, until he la oait off, and launched luddenly Into the alaughter-houae of aonio accountant, in whom the banker may be ipecially interested, or otherwise Into the court of bankruptcy. The doings, however, of such wildcat banking establiahments, have not the same facilities in Britain and Ireland, as they have In some districts of America, in so far as the iaaue of notes Is concerned, whilst the unlimited liability of shareholdershlp secures for the note- holder, at some time or other, 20*. in the £, or 100 cents to the |. Upon the whole, therefoie, It Is only Just to say, that whilst the banking system of America Is as we have endeavoured to give samples of. It can boast of men In the profession of as high standing, not, perhaps, In means, but In Integrity of purivtso, and commercial financing abilities as what Great Britain can do, and her flnt-class bankers in such as Now York, Philadelphia, and elsewhere. Inherit the confidence of the public as much as any Joint stock bank, or even the Bank of England itself, dues in England, Scotland, or Ire- knd. EXCHANGE AND EXCHANGE OFFICES. Ton branch of the banking business is supposed to be a very speculative, and sometimes a very money-making one, that depending upon the nature of the exchange business done, and the qualifications of the operator. Some bankers purchase the notes of " broken banks," or banks which have suspended — and the affairs of which are still unsettled. Tliey pay so much per dollar upon the bills or notes of such — and take their chance of getting more than they pay for them. Their knowledge of the position of all banks which are being " wound up," and what prospect there is as to a dividend, enables them to speculate accordingly — pretty safely — and obtain a good margin. Again, sometimes a panic Is raised about the stability of some one or more banks in certain districts ; the public who have the notes of such banks, getting to hear of it, become frightened, and go to these exchange- bankers or brokers, who offer what they like for them ; the said banker, in some cases, knowing perfectly well that the bank is all right, and thus pockets perhaps 26 per cent. by the transaotloa Such reports as to the standing of perfectly good banks, are sometimes got up by interested parties, to the great profit of the brokers, who buy up the notes from 5 to 26 per cent discount, as the case may be. The whimsicalities of banking, and confidence in certain bank-notes, was curiously illus- trated last July, when the brokers took into their heads to " throw out" the notes of nearly all the banks of the State of Wisconsin, whilst, at the same time, it was followed by an an- nouncement from the railroad companies there, that the notes of these very banks would It TIIK HANK NOTKH OF AllKItlOA. b« Ukta At pmr, or full ralu*. If ther* w*t no " dmlgn" •i)m«wh«r« In tlwt, U ••rtatnly io«k«l*, If « Ml Hootch Itank not* U Uk*n to I^ndon, (Eng.,) no London bankar will Uk« It M worth S()« atg., If h* Uk** It at alL To gtt It oonvartad Into tlWar It miut b* Uk*n to torn* tlWarunlth or J*w*ll*r, who la In tha habit of aiohanglng money of that Mrt, or to a " bullion brokar," whoa* bualnei* It that of asahanging th* monay of any foraign country for that of Kngland, or vit$ mtm. II* li th* Cngllih "*xohang* bankar or brokar." l>n going to him with a Hootch on* {nund-nota, h* would gtv* only 10*., or t9t. and nr " azohanga," Huoh la th* prln< «lpl* h*r*, only that, aomatlraaa, tb* not** of on* Htata ar* mor* valuable 1000 mllo* f^om th* phM* whara latuad, than th* not** of thoa* you wUh to aichang* th*m for, aa w* will *ndcaTour to asplaln. Thna, for eumpl*, th* not*a of a flrit-alaM New York bank ar* mora Taluable In Chicago, than tha notci of a Chicago bank arc thare, bacauM the bankera and marehanU In Chicago can aand, my a $S New York not*, (o N*w York, and get credit fur f fi In (Ull ; but If thoy were to aend a f 8 Chicago bank note, th* partlaa in New York receiving It would deduct, pcrhapa, !( per cent, or equal to 7| cenU, off that note, a* Chicago notea in Ntv Ynrh are not worth ao much there, aa New York note* are, although the Chicago not* it good enough, and worth $D In tvW In the Htate where Uauad. Th* difference, tberell>re, betw**B th* ralu* of a |S Chicago not* in Chicago, and in New York, la 1^ per cent., or *l\ centa, on a fS note. That difference la called th* " dlffcreno* of esolwnge,"or, that Chicago notea In the New York Market are 1^ per cent below par, or Aill atandard value. Thua, a f ft Chicago not* la worth only f 4.0ii^--(four dollar* and nln*ty-two and a half ocnta) In New York. Aa a general rule, w* think we may lay, that after a note of any Stat* almoat, except- ing New York and the Now EngUnd Htatca, travel* out of the State where It waa iiaued, It loaei In value the further it travela from home, aa It were, (In the aame way a* the Scotch pound note doe*, when It go** to London,) and la subject to a deduction to a amall extent, if you with to convert It Into gold or tllver. A* wa have laid, thli applle* to almoat alt th* notes of banks Issued In every State, excepting those stated ; from the fact of New York being the centre where money Is due, and having to be paid ther*. It Is chsaper to pay with New York notes than any other, as we have already stated. In travelling, therefore — If you are a st>iinger — see that you are carrying no notes of one State Into another State with you. The best money for you to take Is gold — In 1, 2|, 8, '.', 10, and ao dollar pieces, They will go anywhere fur full value. All exchange offices are not always what they profess to be. In many plac. ' ; )cy par> take of the character of gambling-houses, and such like. Respectable exohang' offices, who can be trusted with business safely, are in every city and town, and are easily found out At many places, the sign of " Exchange" is put up, when it means a pawnbroker's shop, a drinking saloon, or where farm produce Is bartered for dry goods, groceries, etc., so that this is one of the many things which takes time for a stranger to thoroughly understand and to discriminate between the different kinds of " Exchange" places of buslnes* tb«r* are, and pick out the " wheat from the chaff." THE BANK NOTES OF AMERICA. Thi bank notes— or bank bills, as they are called— both of the United States and Canada, are different, In many respects, to those of Great Britain. They have all one great and good feature about them, viz., they are all one size, and neither like the dumpy £1 note of Scotland, the broad sheet of Ireland, nor yet like the " promise to pay" of Mr, Matthew Marshall, of the Bank of England. In one respect, however, they are like the £1 notes of Scotland and Ireland— they are used till they become quite as filthy, greasy, dirty. %\ Wk BANK NOTKIS AND RBrORTKWI. nglMl.luoklng rvmnanU uf b«lUr dajrik Uk* ih« M«ot4h Arxl IrUb Unk*, «• prMum*, th* Ant«rl>.'*n iMtnkt think It too lohjh of • (ooar. In that raapaat, aa tha " uUI lady of Thraadnaatlla atraat" la ; l>art, thay and In amount whara Hank of Kngland notaa liagin, «l«., Mi, or $U0, and not only lo, but tha wall thumbad, " all tattarad and torn" dollar nota bagota ooiilidanva In Ita vary raga and langth of larvloa, and tliua It goaa, hom hand to hand, till Ita fltmay form avapnrataa lumawhara, or flmla Ita way baak, |>ar«hanea, to ba " paid on danwnd," If U la to a condition aapabia uf buing raad. Tha Amarloan bank nota la about 8 Inohaa daap, and 1 1nohaa long, aiqultltaly angravad, with all tha nlnutanaaa of tha angravar'a art, and algnad and dacoratad with all tha para- pharnalla attandant on auoh rapraaantatlvaa of publlo oonfldanoa and waalth. Thay ara liauad from $1 upwarda, running !i, 8, and 0, and f^oni that to lO'a, riaing 6 aaoh tima. From flO, thay rlaa to 8U and SO, by lO'a, and from tttat to f luo, and f^om that, by lOO'i, on to fSOO, and f^om that to (IflOa Thay ara made, gunarally, of thin, graylihwhito oulourcd pa|)ar, with lomatlmaa sundry glarlng-ooloured ttampa, ato., upon tham. Nona of tham, whan naw, which wa hava aaan, haTe tha appearance of a ntw, tnow-whlta Dank of England nota, but reaambla In appaar- anoa tha Hcoteh bank notaa, whan naw, but tha papar not half lo thick or tough ai thay ara. Tellan, In Dritlah and Irlah banks, may Judga of what tha counting and sorting of notaa, value 4*. each, must bf , and the number of banks abuut 3U()0, We can fancy noth- ing that could possibly ruffle the temper of soma of the methodical gentlemen In the bank of England, or the fast-looking gentlemen in some of the London private banks, so much as having only a couple of thousand pounds' worth, of a miscellaneous lot of American bank notes, to sort and pay out. If they thought the paying out of their bran-new S pounders a bore, we fancy they would perfectly revere the sight of them, ever afterwards After all, however, as one gets accustomed to even the f 1 notes, they are preferable for carrying, compared to a lot of gold or silftr. In tha pocket As a means of dUtinguishing good notes firom bad ones, publications called " Bank Nota Reporters" ara used, a few particulars regarding which wa annex. BANKNOTE REPORTERS. AiioNan the literature of America, a perfect host of publications, all under one title, Is Issued, which, so far as we are aware, is almost unknown, and, we may also add, perfectly unnecessary In Great Britain and Ireland. Tlie publications we refer to are small news- paper-looking periodicals, termed " Bank-Note Reporters," or. In a few cases, " fiank-Note Lists." They are issued, generally, of about 82 pages of the imperial size, closely printed with very small type, and some giving wood-cut engravings of all the known coins In cir- culation throughout the world, and their relative value. In every place of business, — whether it be at the office of the largest hotel, the largest wholesale or retail store, down to the old woman who retails out 8 cents' worth of sugar- candy — the bank-note reporter is to be seen hung up at hand — In cities, towns, villages, and even in a solitary shanty in the woods, so be that any thing Is sold there. Bank-note reporters are issued by the exchange bankers or brokers, and contain lists of every bank In the United States and Canada, and profess to give their read- ers a correct idea of the position and standing of every bank, as well as all who have failed, been closed, or are at a low discount, and how much below par their notes are, if any — whether they are " shin-plasters," or " counterfeits," or " imitations"— what is the correct current value of " broken banks," and all " uncurrent money," and, in fact, every particular by which yon can tell a good note from a bad one, when it is pre- sented, whether It be a |1, or a |600 note, or bill OUHIUHITIKM or BANKINO LITKKATURK. ■ |6 Him* pntiUcallfin* nr* • ptilillo n»««MUy,«ml Ui« ImilnaM ot tlm •'••untry mhiM mtt !>• rarrloil on Mfuly «ttl>i)ul thviii. Wvm th«y to no out of •iUt«nc« lo morrow, th* whoU •ountry woiilil, nioH llkrly, \m MimnIixI with vouiitvrMt* •nt of Uiik* whU^h luiil no vilttmoo, 9te*i>% on |>«|M>r, In all the oUIm, thoM r«|Mirtrni urii Imiii>n
  • nti In otlirr UrK« Ai\»*, h« K«tii th« valun of itmik* e*>r- rrt'tiid liy ihcM corrMiMtntlenta In Uidr varluua looalltlna, nnil thu* pruMnU, prolMilily, lnth« " lti>|H)rt«>r" till) prlvM uf (tiH'k* In vai'h of thi< li*ar«— 4h« old woman alludod to, prolialily, Im'Imk foiitcnt to carry un h«r hiidneaa l>y Rettlnff " {MMitod up" weekly, at a coat of 4 or A ronta— whIUt Ihit UrifT operatura wUh to !>« " |HMt«d" daily, on the aaine luhjert. It will at once b« aeen how neceaaary It la, that auch puhlleatlona ahould lie conducted by men of undoubted lAtogrlty, and who ouKht to have no liitfrcat, other than In ren- dering their publlcatlona aa truxtworthy aa the <|Uotatlona of atocka la conalderiw»|Miper, We have no doubt aon<« of them arc con- ducted by men of high nioral' prinel|ile, who atat« the exact atAndlnit of every banklni{ concern In the whole country, aa they believe It to be, and that their oplnloua and ((uotit- iiona may bo perfectly correct. WhIUt we fttlmit that freely, we have every reaaon to be- lieve, that bank-note rcjiortera ar<> laauml, In a«>nio Inatancca, from very different motlvea, and who do not atiito the facta aa to the poaltlon of all banka, truthfully and fcnrlcaaly. In aome caaca It la well known, thot unleaa a banklnx concern, wlll/<« and brih* the publlah- era of certain bunk-noto reporter*, they will ipiote the auld banka lower than they ought to do, and by tuoh mcnna create a /atna or prejudice ngolnit them, no doubt to aomo extent Injurioua to the l>anka thua uMullcd, by thU apeciea of block-mnll, which It levelled agalnat them. Tliat la In tho cuae of perfectly good bnnka. On the other hund, again, there la no doubt, that that data of reporter publUhert are guilty of quoting " wildcat" bankt at pricet they are not entitled to, and by other mciint puffing tho notct of tuch Into circulation, on receiving a humlaomc douceur for their trouble. Huch Imuk- notc reportert arc, of eourite, any tiling but reliable ; the only difficulty la, how you are to tell one from another— auelng thiit they are all publUhed by exchange brokcra, who cull themaelvct bankcrt. Aa wo tnld before, thcro It no doubt, whatever, that there are reapcctu- able onet nmongtt them — thoao guilty of tuch practlcct at alluded to being, wu believe, the exc option — yet It It only by a long residence In tho town where they aro publlthed that you will be enabled to diacrlinlnate between the real and tho doubtful of theao tufe-guurdt of the publlo pocket. Tlie circulation of tome of tho mott reipcctuble of them, avcrugca. It It tuld, 100,000 coplet each pnbllca'tlon. Preauming you want to know If a bunk it good, you have only to refer to the alphabeti- cal lltt of all Iwnkt publlthed In the reporter — and If you do not find It amongtt that Hat, you may conclude It It bad— or you may find it amongtt tho lUt of " Broken Bankt." Tlio bunks In every Stato arc alphabetically arranged by thomaelvet, to that there U no difficulty In finding out tho name of the bank you want. Any one who hat to do with money, and tho receiving of It — In notes, to him — a bitnk-note reporter it Indiapentablo, They abound in all largo cltlet. r _ orniosiTiEs of banking literature. As we have no doubt there are many who are not aware of the existence of a few curi- osities in banking literature, which aro to be found In America, we think wo will be con- ferrlng, perhaps, aome Information, as well at amusement, if we give a few extracta from one of the " Bank-Note Reporters," before alluded to. These publlo Informants present a few features, we think, quite unknown by many of even the banking population of Oreat •KXTIIACTN ritOM HANKNiiTK HIII'OKTKMK. I llrllntn, •• wll •• l>y lli» i(f*«( nf» t>l ihv |M*<>|it>i ib*r«, aDnaxiiuniiily, «• annci n fcw •«• IrMHl* from oiir, *4 rtlillillliiK llliutritlliMia uf " Will ('«l" iNinklnif, Miiij llio miiiMint iif In' fvniilljr llhtff Miiul Ixi •! work In lit* llth<>KrN|ihliiK •n>l *t>yit»i\ng wnrM, In |)ru« ii( iiiUli<« lir»i| In Ilia I'ltrMll Coitnly lUnk, >N, II., It) ■<•* ilmt III niilv* uru Ix-tlvr |irlnit'il In fiiitir*. KwHcy nnK nf lli* anMll |>Mli|U( H«>oiUn>l, |i<< HtlbiwInK ■(r»ln! " Wn wiiiilil i'mII III* alli'iiliiiM i)f tlii> |,i>if|a|iiliir* of Now IUni|Mlilri> lo ill* iiiU*r«lilv I'li Krnvnl laaiir* of ilio I'lirroll I'l uhly lUitk, Hiiiiilwli'li, Wi> liMVK uxiM •xvcrHl of iliwlr U *iit>«, Mini look |i«rili-iili»r tiollt of ilii'hi. Tlix Imiik oiiiilil III l»< liiilli'li'il for Ki'lllii|( mil •ili'h nlMiiiiliiiilily ill tliviii will \n> •Inuiat kr r*«Uillili>." It U i|iilli> fvl<|i>iit llmi III* lUtik Not* i(u|Hirti'r li«a Ilia pulillu wi'lAira at hrart In lla liiiiKiiiinliiiou* mUli-i', ii« i|iioii'i|. Til* n*xl liilliiiiillon Ui)f • vi-ry Kriillfyliiif imtiir*, wh*n It My*, wllh ri'l lli<> HlnkltiK Kiind." TitlkliiK of II I'lrlnln Imiik in l.llflitl<'lr I* HKitlii (oili'lii.iiit afiir Ilia Mfi'iy of iliu |>tililli<, In UlkliiK vi-ry miik'Ii •* If It w«* liuiillii|( ii|i « " wIM oat," wlii'H It My> ! — " TliU InMlliitlon lia« l>**n iiinji'r InvcallKullon for mimik llnii>, itinl, In i|iioiii from • Con- nocllciit Joiirtiiil, ll U n " mtrl »/' it /if I >ini/ lium/' nrniHiifmfnl, which ifttn " o/ no •«« lit anif one tint Mr itirntr ;" uihI llkt> n I'lirliiln liorax nitvlKiilor, wlio, oufo ii|nui ii ttiiii*, look • rliln on It •\ next tlnil an fkiilanalloii of mark* nnd li'ttfr* wliloli arv Inifrtud nflar tho name* of |>Nrtloul«r liniikis Tliiu ll My*: — "TItn nKiirca on till* llni< wiili lhi> liank t*a<<* tli<« ilineitunt on It* nnti>a. I)«> n fri'ti hank, with iioti>* laciircil " Tlui ili'ik'rl|)llon* iiiiili'r fiu'li Imnk itri> of i-minltrffit* or allfrntionn on Ilia liank, "Tlif li'llcr (A') on tlic llni' with tho liiink *liowi«tt t» f by a ili'|Mmit." WliiTi' till' loltiT {S) ncciir*, It U iimlvntocMl to mean that that |iartlciiliir l>ank U organ- Isvil uiiitor the " Mufriy l''iiiii| Uiink Ijiw," hut, atruiiKti itlthoiii{h It iimy a|i|ii>ttr, unym — "Tlii-iio hunk* hnvo no *i'oiirlty tl(>|Mi«ltril for thi> rcilcinpllon of tlii'tr not**." Otlirr i>x|iliinutlon* follow, for I'xnniiil*, *howln(( tho uniition I'xhlliltud for tin* wi*lfara of tli<> piihlli', yi't not forKi'tlln(( niimlitr ont, In tht> Inut ■cntt'noo: — " Th* Irttrr ( />) mcnnii that wf oonnlilur tho hank limhlfut. •• A (la«h (— ), thiit It U iimtahahlc. " An Index ((3ir)> that wi> know ttHi lltllo of tho hniik to i|iioto It. " A *tar (*), that tho i|iiotatlon l« not rflinblu — doiilitful wlu'thor w« buy at all." Wa now |^v« n fi'W Mtiii|iU>ii of how tho counlfrftit* aro notivi'd and d<lfnr« I IS, lA, |ln, IW, ifNtHiMM— WMklnKlon on Kfh ■ml. lA, l«ll»r II - 'vliiiiaiiid MiiMr* A -iiu'ti mh>I Imimu* uii Meh ttUa, Ia, «lKn«ll«, • f«Mi«U varvMliiif mi »»^\: |A, |lii, |in, |A<), anil ||in», alunxl. ■ lo, «lKii>i||t>, • ttnm\; »U»»I ot wh»«(, vaUU, •!«, rio, vl|iti«tu, rfiiMlii wllh • •{•InnliiK whxl— aii ImlUn un tli« rlirki •nnMl« •nil Mill* on t)i« \vtl mil. |a<», «tKn«U». riKur* ul llo|t»— on th« rl|hl ami • cUt;— on iIm lafl.a fiUMJo Aguru, wllh im« riNii un • kIiiIw. |I(M), Uikyviu anil Wa«liln||ton «n iha rmK It will Ihut lia *«<n* allii<|Ki| In, Ilia •liarp ry« uf llm " ri>|Nirl»r" U (i|Min tlimi. Not innlKiit wllh Irylnic thr(r hami at aiii'li out of Ihii way |ilalrll« fuina l.ito Ni'W York Klalf, ami rroMlnn ovir frtmi Nnw Vi.rli lo llriNiklyn— a* It nilKlit li« itomIiik ftum tha i«lly i>( l..m- ihin lo Iha liiiroiiKh— thia«h ilila, A, aKi'luiiltiiral lin|ilvMii-iili, with fi'iiiala Mtaltil on • ruok on tlia li>(l of vlKnotta, A, altKrnil — vl|(miM«, horu' •hiH>ln|r. a, altari'il — vlgnstla, lalliir at a wlmnl. Not ilaiinlpil at that altniiipl, am>lhi, female, pmkIk, *hlp. Wo poulil nil n K(NHl-»l«nil voliimn with inch ilcaorlptinn*, and a* nur ln*t, w« will glva nnotlmr, a* ahowlii^ that oven In llor Miiji'aty'* iloiiilnlomi, * leaf or two U ilfulrvil out uf the iHMik* of Imup, and taken without tha lllivrly of the hott bank* Vn t'anailn. Whi'thm* tha countvrfi'lt* aro of Anicrlvnn or Canaillan manufacture, we arc not iiifil- olently " pontptl" to aay. Who wiMilil havu thought of thi< kooiI oltlfuKhloniMl, raiillou* Mcotoh hanker. Mi. David- don, l)i'ln)( attrnipti'd to ho linpimiHl u|Min In thi* manner, with luch Imitation* n* the fullow- \ug, on tho " Ilniik of Montri'ul." Thu* wu (piote : — Otmuino notci uf thU bonk. It 1* iiald, aro In circulation, with counterfeit il^nature. lie cari'ful. {A, •tonmer on upper rl((ht corner; eatllo on Icftj A in centres nn eajflo between ali^nnture*. A, Toronto Hranch, letter A, pay |(aker; tho word " vnluo" to left of "Toronto," In genuine It i* over "Toronto;" In counU-ifelt, none of *mnll Aog come* near "V in " To- ronto," In Kinulno it It an eighth of nn Inch from tho " T." (6, Montreal liiink — pay ca*li or beiircr; utliori jmy L Carlle, In Quebec, April 2, 1810, and pay W. Uadenhaun. f A, altered — viKnelte, farmer rec11nin|< on 5 1 others V in circle at bottom. 910, lithoKranh— they are numbered lU,()t7. J 10, altered irom $1. Id, parliament I* ipelled parlimont. f 10, photugrnph on the i'cternboroujfh Uronch. Wo fancy wn *cfl n genuine imilo come over the grave face of tho manager, when he mw the " nose of Rnmll dog" coming into too clo*c proximity with one of hi* head agenoie*, *nd tho other dodgoH to deceive him and hi* " cute" tcllort. Having that given a few nample* of the counterfeit notes in circulation, we will now con- li 28 BROKEN BANKS — USURY LAWS. olude our extraota of thcM gemt of banking liUntnre, with an llluitratlon or two of how the character or death of loine of the " Inititulluni" are thut lo ruthleuly recorded, with- out tlie leait regard for the feelings of the living, or the friend* of departed heroes of banking renown. Thut a few of th« Canada banks 1« recorded :— Cmr or Hamilton, (ihinplaeter,) Hamilton no $ah. Colonial Dank or Ciiatuam, U. C — CoiiiicBoiAL Bank, BrockvUle elo$ed. CoMMBRciAL Uank, Fort Erie cloud, Mboiianior' Bank, Montreal fraud. Mbrohantb' Bank, Toronto. fraud. National Bank, Montreal fraud, Niagara Suspension Briikik Co failed. OrrAWA Bank, Ottawa failed Pkopuc's Bank or Toronto eloied. Crowing the St Lawrence, we find in the United States, the following, out of hundred^ as showing there that " shlnplasters" won't go down at any price, no more than they will in Canada :— Commonwkaltii Bank elowti CouMKBOiAL Bank doted Etna Iron Fuknaok, (shlnplaster,) no tale. Atlantic Bank, May'» Landing doted Atlantic Bank, Capr May, C. H doted Bank or America, 'Jape May doted. Bank or Capk 2aAY Co., Cape Island, Cape May Co — That the counterfeits on some banks are numerous, may be inferred Arom the fact, that on the " State Bank of Ohio," alone, we count no lees than 88 different descriptions of coun- terfeit notes on it. When a new bank is started, it is laconically announced, for example, thus: — "The Manufacturers' Bank, at Elizabethport, N. J., has just commenced business, with N. P. Saris, as president, and James Wilson, as cashier." " The directors of the Fayette County Bank, at Uniontown, Pa., met and organized on Monday last. Alfred Patterson, Esq., was elected president of the bank, and William Wilaon, Esq., coshier." We advise all who have 6 cents to invest, to get a " bank-note reporter." It may not be long before it proves ita worth, to be equal to its weight in gold. THE USURY LAWS. Aa one of the peculiarities counected with American finance, we append a list, showing the rates per cent, which can be legally claimed for the loan of money in the respective States, and the penalties incurred for exacting more than is legal. It will be seen that the " crime" of usury has a wide mar^pn, ronj^ng, in most cases, from 6 to 10 per cent In the State of Minnesota, we believe it is 16 per cent The penalties, however, attached to charging a higher rate of Interest, act as a dead letter, it being well known, to use a common saying in this country, " It is an easy matter to whip the devil round the post," or, in other words, evade the law, by various modes. Nothing is easier, by those who are so disposed. It is now four years ago (6th Aug., 1864) since the usury laws of England were repealed, and from the tone of some influential journalists in America, we shall be surprised, if such absurd and powerless laws should be much longer deferred in being repealed there alsa State*, legal Intereit. Penaltietfnr Charging more than Legal Jiatei, Maine. 6 per cent Loss of excess, and interest, and law costs. New Hampshire. 6 " " Loss of 3 times excess of interest. Vermont 6 " " Loss of excess of interest. USURY LAWS — COMMERCIAL COLLEGES. 29 J'tnaUUt/or Charging mort than Ltgal RaU*. Loss of 8 times the whole intiirest and law costa. Loss of excess of interest. Ixiss of all interest. Forfeiture of contract, and, in criminal action, flne not eiceed- ing 91,000 (£iiOO stg.), and impritonnunt not exceeding «m! morMu. Contract roid, and principle and interest forfeited. Excess of interest only forfeited. Principal and interest forfeited. Loss of excess of interest, ':■ / • Usurious contracts void. Principal and iutvicat forfeited ; and, if usury is paid, double the amount of principal and interest. Loss of interest. Loss of interest. . Loss of interest Loss of interest 1 Loss of interest. 10 per cent, allowed on contract, and loss of interest if ex- ceeding this. Loss of five times the interest 10 per cent allowed on contracts, forfeiture of exoeii of in- terest Loss of interest Loss of interest Same as Iowa. -' Same as Iowa. t^^ ■ - <, Same as Iowa. Same as Iowa. Liable to an indictment for misdemeanour. Forfeiture of usu- rious interest and lined. 12 per cent allowed on contracts. Forfeiture of all con- tracts. Loss of interest No penalty. The Territories are not subject to any usury laws. The State of Pennsylvania has been the first to pronounce in favour of free trade in money mat- ters in this respect Some European readers may be reminded, that the difference of rates in the States, is owing to the fact that each State flrames its own laws, and what may be justice according to law, in one State, may not be considered so in some of the other States in the Union. In Canada the legal interest has been at the rate of per cent, but by a law, passed Inst session, individuals may exact any rote of interest which may be agreed upon between them. Banks, however, are prohibited from exacting a higher rate of discount than 7 per cent, and are prohibited from paying interest upon deposits. SlaU*. Mossaohusetta. Rhode Island. Connecticut New York. L*ffal Int4rut 8 per cent 6 " " 6 " " *r II II New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Delaware. Maryland. Virginia. North Carolina. 8 6 6 6 6 8 II II II II II II i< II II II II II South Carolina. Georgia. Alabama. Arkansas. Florida. Illinois. 7 7 8 8 6 6 II II it 11 II II II II II II II II Indiana. Iowa. 6 6 II II II II Kentucky. Louisiana. Michigan. Mississippi. Missouri. Ohio. Tennessee. 8 7 8 6 8 8 II II II II II II II II II II II 11 II II Texas. 8 II II Wisconsin. California. 12 10 II II II II COMMERCIAL COLLEGES. As we have stated elsewhere, the commercial edncation of the Americans is in general far more varied and more generally useful than that enjoyed by young men in commercial circles in Great Britain. The education there terminates too frequently with a boy obtain- ing at school a slight knowledge of book-keeping ond accounts, so that by the time he goes abroad into the world, he knows about as much respecting such matters, as if he had never heard of a day-book, bill-book, or ledger. Until some years ago, tlie same state of things existed in America, until institu- tions of an exclusively commercial charactei were established, called " Commercial Col- leges." Such establishments are carried on by teachers on their own account, in a great many of the large cities in the United States, but not in Canada, so far as we are aware. Such an institution generally consists of one or more immense large rooms or halls, hung round with blackboards, diagrams, and superb specimens of caligraphy, and filled with a large supply of tables and chairs. Students attend there, varying from 16 to nearly 60 years of age. The students sit apart from each other, so that one student is not aware as to the state of proficiency of the one neairest to him. Scholars of all ages are to be seen listening to the teacher from 30 COMMERCIAL COLLEGES— AUCTION KOOMa the black-board — working out Uielr BcoountK^or, perliapi, trying to Improve their liandwriting. In thU way, the inon of 80 years of age, who flmlt hU cuinuiorclul edu- cation in Bome rcRpuo*B dotiolent, i* taught In luoh a wayoa not to di«|)lay hU Ignorance of Buoh miittcri to tlio young lad of 16 or 10. The oourie of initruotion Is bo arranged, tlial ttudonts can enter and commence their atudics at any time, and receive from the instruo- tlons of the teacher the advantages of a class, all oommenolng at one time. There is no spci'iitl attendance insisted upon, but the system la so worked, that every student — young ai.d old — at once feels It to be his Interest to attend regularly and work diligently, as, until ho reaches a given point of perfuolloD, ho is refused the diploma of efllcienoy, which is given only to those who attain the standard fixed upon by the projirietor of the college, the particulars of which every student is made aware of. Wo hud the pleasure of seeing one of these institutions in full operation at dnclnnaU (where they are carried on most etDciontly), and were very much pleased with the method pursued, and forcibly impressed with the value whiuh such an education must prove. In advancing young men in commercial positions afterwards, as well as enabling them to take situations In a counting-house or office of whntover description. They are taught not only the every-day aiTairs of how to keep books by single and double entry, make out accounts, calculote interest, draw bills, understand commission business — and tlte whole by a regular system of books throughout — but the informotlon conveyed extends to insu- rance, railrood business, shipping, manufacturing, and banking operations. On particular days each week, lectures are delivered to the whole school en nicute, by one of the pro- fessors, on eertnln commercial subjects. We had the pleasure of attending one of these lectures (by Mr. K. M. Bartlett, of Cincinnati,) and were highly gratified by the lucid explana- tions he gave of banking operations — how conducted — the nature of such as the deposit- ledger, discount-ledger, and the various other books used in banks, and the relation each assistant has to particular books — all conveyed in such language that the dullest student could comprehend it. Tlio system, altogether, of commercial colleges, is an excellent one, and must tend great- ly to the advancement of the students who attend them. So much are they now in use, and so highly valued, that one of the best credentials a young man can produce of his com- mercial ability, is to present his diploma from a well-known commercial college. The requirements at some colleges are greater than others, and hence the difference in the accomplishments of their members, as well as in the standing of different colleges. The periods to which the course of instruction extends, dei)ends entirely upon the stu- dent himself. Some will finisli in 8 or 10 weeks — others, again, will take double that length of time ; and in neither case do they get their diploma till they have reached the etundurd of profioieney fixed upon. In the western citit's, many who attend such colleges ore the sons of farmers, who, not having had the advantages of acquiring information on such matters at the public schools, repair to these colleges to complete their commercial education, so as to fit them for com- mencing in their first situation ; others, again, as wo have said, much older In years, attend these colleges, to perfect themselves in branches they found themselves deficient in. One of the peculiarities of the colleges referred to, is, in summer weather, to find every student, with scarcely an exception, studying without coat or jacket— one and all being in their shirt sleeves— on account of the great heat. AUCTION ROOMS AND AUCTIONEERS. The auction rooms in America — such as in New York, for example — are carried on in n style, and an antount of bond fide business transacted in them, which strangers to this coun- try have little ideo of. Goods are exported from Britain and the continent of Europe to be sold in the auction room, and also imported by many houses here, who take advontage of it as their regular and only means of disposing of their imports, whilst others again, who have over- TliADE 8ALE8 — AN AUCTION KOOM IN NEW YOUK. 81 imported, or wltti a bod pro«pcot bpfuro tliem, or a lot of old rtock on liand, throw tlieiii into tliu miction room to bo void for what thoy will brinx, during the tvrmi of tho " Hprin^;'' and " Full" MaRoni' trade. The bust wholeialo and rtttail liou»c» in New York, and in all parta, buy at theKo lalui. There are auction rooms for dry giH»\*, other* for books and stationery, otiiers for hardware, and so on. ]<]ttch auction roont i« tilled with merchants or storekeepers interested in the respective clashes of goods to bo sold. Thus, at a " Trade Halo," as it is called, of bM)ks, for example, you will find liooks sent there by publiahers in London, lioston, riiiludelphia, and New York. Tlie catalogues specify whose books they are, state publishing price, and liow many copies there are of each particular book. At a book trade sale, all tho leading booksellers in tlio country are drawn togother, and there men meet who hnvo not seen each other for months or more, and sometimes ac- quaintanceships are renewed or formed for mutual pleasure and advantage. To give nn idea of tho extent of business done ut tiieso sales, we may mention, that at tlio trade sale in Heptcmber lost, in New York, books were sold to the amount of no less than about |400,Cf()0, or £80,000, stg., out of 145 invoices. The largest amount sent in by one houHo being $20,000, or £4000 stg. The sale occupied 11 days, from 8, a. m., to 10, p. M., showing an average amount of about £727*2 wortli of books sold every day The catalogue of all the works sent in for sole is ready, and in tho hands of tho trade, about a month prcviiiusly. Tho lorgest nutnber of copies of any one book sold, was 4000 copies. At that sale un offer was mode and refused for 200,000 copies of a particular spelling-book, at one-eiglith of a cent loss than tlie regular price. Immense quantities of stationery are also sold at these sales. In no other congregation of individuals will bo found such a heterogeneous moss of men from all parts of America, and belonging to all countries as is to be seen in tho auction room. It has been often said that no place equals New York for its numerous specimens of such. If tlint bo true, we should say that no opportunity for seeing such, is equal to that, when all are collected together in a dry goods auction sale-room, and all bent on the same object. About 1 1 o'clock in the forenoon, any day during the season of a full or summer trade, you will find an auction room in " full blost," with the cry of the nervous auctioneer as he chatters on tho everlasting ditty of buy, buy, buy — up, up, up, up — in one incessant stream, until he is about gasping out his last breoth. Around him, with memorandum- book in left, and pencil in right-hand, checking off the lots as they " go" ond aro " gone," you will find tho New York wholesale storekeeper alongside of those from ail parts, extending from Montreal, in Canada, to New Orleans, Louisiana, or from Massachusetts in the east, to Mis- souri and Chicago in the west — aye, oven as fur as the shores of the Pacific. Tliere, all pitted against each other, you will find tho business-like Englishman alongside of the high- bluodod Mexican trader, the cautious Scotchmen making a bid aflcr tiio volatile French- man; the quiet down-east Yankee alongside of the phlegmatic (5 ernian ; tho quick-tem- pered J'ronch Conadian beside the little wide-awnke Jew, whilst I'at, honest fellow, assists to put away tho lots as they ore knocked down. There, between the cupidity of some, jealousy or ignorance of others, tho auctioneer rests his hopes to realize a good price for his employer, the importer. There, day after doy, the some scene is to be seen ; the same play being performed, and during the process, thousands of dollars' worth of goods changing hands and getting spread all over this mighty continent. Tlie great factotum of tlie auction room, however, is tlie auctioneer. Upon him all eyes are fastened. There ho mounts the counter, encircled amid a bower of silks, satins, la- ces, ond ribbons, nil hanging around him, suspended from the iron rods above, on w^hich the goods are placed ns they are knocked down. There he stands, with pencil and book in hand — in shirt sleeves — without collar and hnndkcrchief, so as to hove free scope for his vocal powers, in his everlasting prattle. You need not suppose that he is gifted with much eloquence, or that he is a fit represent- ation of the departed George Robins, of Covent Garden renown, in his descriptive powers; or expect to lionr that eternal " going," " once," " twice," " thrice," and waiting for a bid, in order to assist oft' the goods under review, and ending up with " going," and "gone." \ 82 THE AUCTIONKKB— TRADK WITH CANADA. However gro«t the volubility of the American ■uctioneer, it ia not ipent on any •noh enper- flultlee, or upon either ornamentation or praise of the artlclee eubmltted, bnt confined to one evurlnitlnt;, breathing, gaeplug ditty on that alniighty mibjoct — ooiXAaa and uiNTt— and with only one soliloquy — and that, one Inceieant, icathlng, soaring up and down cry from E flat to double l>ase, of up, up, up, up, up, up— and buy, buy, buy, buy, buy, buy. That Is his Alpha and Omega — uttered with all the declamatory powers of a Demoo- thenee— down to the quietest whisper, as ho Is about to stop, out of breath, to take In another supply of air, to fill his exhausted lungs — when he starts afresh again, with all his usual vigour, till he knocks down one article, and commences on another In the same breath. He has no time to descant upon the qualities of the black gros, hung up before you. He pawcs no opinion as to its being either good, bad, or Indifferent; Svhether tht moire antique there, has a cotton back or a silk one ; there It Is ; judge for yourself; bid if you like, or be silent, it is all the same io him ; hti course Is onward with hia everlasting cry of buy, buy, buy, buy— and up, up, up, and upwards with the price, when he fancies he has got even the slxtoontli part of a move of the head towards a bid. The New York auctioneer is one of those unique characters only to be met with In this coun- try, and a phase of business may be seen by tiie stranger. In a New York auction room, never seen before. The same remarks apply to auction rooms in Philadelphia and such oltiea, Talk of your crack auctioneers, either at the Mart, Dabenham and Storrs, and all such well-known places of resort 1 The British auotioneer-if he wishes to Increase his vocal powers, in volubility— must come to this side of the Atlantic, and go under training in a wholesale dry goods auction room. We will warrant he will return, only to make Charles Matthews jealous, as a rival, in " Patter versus Clatter." In the " Peter Funk" retail auction room in New York, again, the some ifenua homo is to be seen and heard, in shirt sleeves, long flowing beard, with his clear, ringing voice, trying to get up the steam before his eonfrirei, and between them, by their mock-auction dodges, trying to decoy such 08 you into their trap— there, to have an opportunity of " selling" yourself, along with a watch of best Birmingham gold-plated make, for eighteen carat gold. The man who goes there without any thing valuable about him, and witli a sharp look-out, may even be amused with that specimen of an auctioneer, and auction room. Such places exist in all larg^ towns in Great Britain, where " Peter Funk" frequently performs with considerablo profit Here, however, he appears to us to be more advanced In his education, and with rocal powers which would at once take the breath forever from his friend in the Poultry of London, or Trongate of Glasgow. For For Rofei Fort ■^ THE TRADE WITH CANADA FROM THE UNITED STATES. That the trade from the United States to Canada is rapidly increasing, whilst that from Great Britain is on the decline, may be seen from the following abstract from tables which we g^ve, drawn up by the Canadian government on the subject, which shows the extent and progress of the trade between Canada and the United States. In 1853 the total imports into Canada from all sources amounted to 181,981,436 Of which was imported— From Great Britain, $18,489,120; fVom United States, 111,783,144. The balance of imports were taken from other foreign ports. In 1854 the total imports into Canada amounted to 40,629,824 Of which was imported — From Great Britain, $22,963,323 ; fVom United States, $15,833,096. Balance of imports were from foreign ports. In 1855 the total imports into Canada amounted to 86,086,168 Of which was imported — From Great Britain, $18,303,460 ; from United States, $20,828,676. Balance of imports were from foreign ports. For the year past, endine Dec. 81, 1856, the total value of imports into Canada was.. 48,684,884 Of which was imported — From Great Britain, $18,212,932 ; from United States, $22,704,508. From this statement it will be seen that a steady increase in the imports from the United States has continued us far back as 1853. TRADE W4TII CANADA. BAKERIES. as For the jrewr 18fl)l the total unonnt of import! from Or«*t Britain amounted to |1fl,4Rt,ltO For the year 1858 18,iil3,98< Showing a falling off bU*M*n tk4 (teo ptrUxi* above mentioned of 9,761,188 Referring to the import* for ISnS f^om the United Statee, they amount to 11,788,144 For the year 1888 28,704,608 Showing an increase between theie two pcriodi, in favour of United Statea, of 10,028,864 Thus It will bo Kcon thut wliilo the importation of goods from Groat Britain into Canada has considerably diminiiihed, the trade ft-om the United States has increased enormously. The exports ft'om Canada also keep pace with the imports, a* will be seen by the following:— In 18S3 the total exports amounted to 88,801,800 Of which wore sent to Oront lirituin, ll,4tin,404 ; and to the United States, 8,086,880. For the paat year, 1866, the total exports from Canada amounted to 82,047,018 Of whtch was exported — To Great Britain, lu,407,744 ; to the United States, 17,979,762. Thas, in four years, there was a decrease of exports to Great Britein of. . . . 996,660 While our exports to the United States havo increased 9i048,87 The following exhibits the value of imports at one port alone, vis., Montreal, for the paat four years :— 1958 118,628,166 I 1865 $\2,i66,2H 1854..' 17,264,828 | 1866 16,144,696 The following are a few of the leading articles imported into Canada fh>m the United States during the past year: — Paper $47,724 Paper Hanging 66,172 Paraaols and Umbrellas 18,288 Silks 41,986 Straw Goods 188,672 Spirito of Turpentine 86,088 Articles not enumerated 305,404 Coffee 224,856 Cigars 76,740 Molasses 429,812 Wines and Spirits 640,620 Sugar, all kinds 1,678,732 Dried Fruits 140,760 Pimento, Allspice and Pepper 62,920 Cassia and Tea 1,968,952 Tobacco 603,684 Brooms 20,088 Candles 46,000 Carpets 28,068 Clocks and Watohea $61,656 Clothes, ready made 108,824 Combs and Brushes 86,290 Cotton Manufactures. . : 671,186 Drugs and Medicines 216,280 Fancy Goods. 146,870 Glass ... 28,620 Glassware 108,800 Hats and Caps, not fur 230,448 India Rubber 28,684 Iron and Hardware 1,401,948 Jewelry and Plato 86,486 Leather Boots and Shoes 869,948 Leather. 66,980 Do. Tanned 264,832 Machinery 844,600 Musical Instruments 141,961 Oil 81,120 Oilcloth 67,812 MECHANICAL BAKERIES. - " . . Sdcb is the title given to wholesale bread manufactories, where the greater portion of the work is performed by machinery. As a most decided improvement npon the old system of men baking with their hands, and tramping the dough with their bare feet — not, per- haps, at all times so clean as they ought to be — has induced us to notice one of those establishments which we saw in operation whilst at Cincinnntf. We may observe that Mechanical Bakeries are established in several of the large cities, and, although they may not in some cases, as yet, have succeeded in turning out such great quantities of bread as their projectors anticipated, yet, we feel satisfied, they will extend, not only in increase of budnesa of those already started, but that every large city will, in the course of time, have BAKING BY BTEAM— THE AUTOMATON OVEN. them in operation, from wliich the public will be luppliod with pure, wholciome, and un- adulttiruted brvaJ, made of the bett matvriuU, and in the meat unoxoeptionablo manner. The citabliihment at t'inuinnati we may take to be a model one of it* kind. It wai •tarted last July by, wo believe, a cunipony of four gentlemen, viz, : two »hrewd Amariuuui, with two " canny" Hcotchmen for partnei-i, one of the lotter l>eing the pravtlcal manager. They have erected a handiome, •quaro-bullt, brick building, more like a Manchettor ware- homo than a baking ettabllRhment. The ground floor i» chiefly taken up with the «uk>t deportment, wlicro bread i» kept in large " bin*" and drawer*, and told retail a* well u* wholoMile. Up itair* there are three floor*. On the higheit floor i* where the otock of flour and other ingredient* for mixing are kept After the ingredient* are all mixed, they are emptied into the baking, or, rather, knending-machlne, which, revolving (lowly, with It* internal *implo machinery, knead* the brend moit completely. Thi* machine i* capable of kneading ten barrel* of flour in twenty minute*. After it i* thu* made into dough, ready for being baked into loave*, it i* allowed to fall out at an opening at the bottom of the machine, lu quantitici a* wanted, into troughs, and from there taken to the floor below, where the dough I* cut into quantltic* of two or four pound* each, weighed off, and formed into the *hope of loave*, as wanted. During the whole of thi* proee**, the dough is only handled by tlie bakers when giving the *mall piece* a roll round and placing them in the loaf-puns, ready fur tite ovon. Tlius far, then, a great saving of lal>our is effected, and the dough not once touched by hands or feet in the whole process of kneading, and only touched when shaping it into loaves, as we have stated. In the oven department there is not so great a saving of labour to be effected comparo- tlvely with the kneading process, from the fact of there not being much labour required about ovens, further than merely putting in and drawing out the " batch," wheu ready. But that even, in the Meohanical Bakery, is done by machinery. After the bread is moulded into shape, and put into pans, they are placed on iron trays, cacli containing about thirty loaves. The tray is then placed on a carriage in front of the oven door, when, at a given signal, the door is drawn up, tlie tray, with its load, is carried into the inside of the oven on the carriage, and the door falls dov n gently — the whole done as If by magic. Regarding the oven — which is correctly named the Automaton Oven — we append the following de- scription of it and its working, as supplied to us by the superinlcndent of the establishment : " Tlie oven Is upright, it has its foundation and heating furnaces in the basement, and its doors in the first and second stories. Tlie dough is put into, and the bread discharged from them on both those floors When In full operation. Tiie baking-cars, loaded on the first floor, ascend through the oven, and discharge the baked bread on the second floor, and the cars loaded on the second floor, descend and discharge on tlie first floor. The oven eontains twenty-six cars, thirteen of which are ascending and thirteen descending at the same time. Each car passes through the oven In thirty minutes, when baking common- sized loaves ; Imt the speed is regulated by the size of the loaf and the time required for baking. Tlie capacity of one " baking car" is sixty loaves, weighing about a pound and a half each. Tlie temperature of the oven Is uniform, and is maintained at any degree of heat necessary, by dampers. Thermometers in the oven indicate the temperature to the attend- ants. The loaves are all baked precisely alike, and never either burned or under-done. The temperature for baking in the automatic oven is more than two hundred degrees higher than can be used in the common baker's oven, without burning the bread to a cin- der ; because the hot air in a chamber without draft is strong and penetrating, and not raw and scorclung like the heat in an ordinary oven, where the fire is in the oven Itself, and acts directly on the bread while baking, besides expo»ng it to the impurities of dust, smoke, etc. The oven being upright, with the car loads of bread in it, one above another, ond having no draft through it, all the alcoholic vapor arising from the fermented dough is condensed on and absorbed by the cold dough, whereby the bread is Improved In flavor, and its nourishing properties sensibly increased. The machinery which produces the automatic movements of the oars, is placed on the back of the oven, and may be seen best on the second floor." MECHAKICAL BAKERIES. WHO AKE YANKEES. 85 Altogether It U a inott myiterlou»-looklng operation, «nd fi-om the fact of no one handling or aulitlng the bread Into the oren, or out of It, opening and tliuttlng the oveii door*, and travelling of the carriage! — all moving at If by clock-work, and yet doing that perfectly by machinery which it not alwoyt done to by human hand* — wo tliink It well doterve* thu name of the " Automaton Oven." When In " full bluet," the bakery can bake no kte than 2fiO barrelt of flour per day Into bread. At our visit, the ettabllthment had Juit newly itarted, but, even then, wai doing a large butlncie, their broad being aold In ihopt In dllTerunt parti of the city. With highly commendable ttralghtforwardnet*, the company Invite the public to call and ■ee the whoh operation — the quality of flour, which I* the bo*t — aud all other ingredient*, ■o that they may have every confldence In what 1* (uppUc J. One part of the arrangement, we underttood, was not complete when we were there, viz. : that of cutting and weighing off the quantity of dough for each loaf. It wa* then done by hand and a pair of tcalee, but we underttand that it will be, (if not by thlt time,) cut off and weighed by machinery alw, (o that mathematical precition In weight will be obtained, and greater ipced in pre- paring the dough for the pant. Every detcrlption of bread it made, from " cracker*" to lorge loaves. An Inepection of the rule* of the ettabllthment, at to chewing tobacco, drinking, and cleanlinott, show that the proprietor* are up to, if not a little a-hoad of, the tlmcgi We obHcrvo that their price for a 28 oi. loaf It G oents, or about Hd. (ttg.), for Oath, for which only they deal. -, WHO ARE YANKEES? Many, we think, use the word Yankee, without knowing its exact meaning, whilst othcn apply it with reference to the whole American people, when they designate them, " Yan- kees." According to the last American authority, Webster, the meaning of the word Yankee stands thus : " A corrupt pronunciation of the word Engli»h by the native Indians of Ame- rico." From the fact that the English first landed in New England, the word Yankee thus be- came applicable to them, and it still retains, to this day, its significance as a term applica- ble to all who belong to the New England States, and to themjonly. To apply the name of Yankee to all Americans, wherever situated, is an error. Just as well may the High- lander of Scotland, be considered a " cockney," or a "John Bull," as to suppose an inhabit- ant of the Northern States of America, to be a " Yankee." It is the New Englanders, alone, who are considered Yankees — although the term, altogether, is one of a convention- al nature, and very often applied to any thing supposed to be of very speculative, doubt- ful, or dodging character. WATIR AND WATER DRINKINO— DRINK INO CU8TOMH. WATER AND WATER DRINKINO. C*f V M- K ->'!> v u ^ Wc hnvp never, «• yet, met in thli country wUli an lnit«nee, luch •• wo once met with In Mnuchoitur, (Kng.,) wlicro tlio chllilrfln of n fiinilly had never tA*tuf the houses, is also very great; and a system of watering in that respect — by means of hose, attached to tho mains — is carried out to an extcnt.un^^ known In Britain. For hours men are employed every day, at different intervals, to keep a continuous stream of water playing upon the ground In front of houses and stores, for the purpose stated. That is in addition to water-carts, perambulating the streets, watering them as they go along. " ~ " In some citicfi, certain hours are fixed, after which no water is allowed to be used in the manner described. DRINKING CUSTOMS. 4^^ In the above remarks, we have endeavoured to make clear, that the greatest drinking cus- yS/"^ torn in America, is in the consumption of cold water. It must not be supposed, however, that no malt or spirituous liquors are consumed. As a whole, we should say, that although a large amount of both must bo consumed in this country, both from what is manufactured and what is imported, still the average consumption per man is a trifle compared with the B. TIIC DRINKINO CVWtOUB Of AMKHIOA. ICO m«t with tor from tht praotk-*, we ' icAmt to b« It, and, alto- iki>n in th« r — at dinner tho tahlM of v\r cntahlot, > many who eotfeo. nt portplra- tainly enur- eni and ink rner for the ork, no bot- the Croton >rln^ water, nnali, )iow- intly alnioit d. PaMing quality, ai eful in par- inch teo-to- ocr''of tho < and down town*, tlio le country, pure aqita. eitimate of y the dust, <{ watering extcnt.un- Is, to keep res, for the , watering >e used in iking ous- however, although ufactured with the •rerag* amount other Jonuthan perfonning that operation dvcldvdiy fatt. A* a general rule, there la'nbne'orniat altltng down to brandy and water, or "punch* and pipee, on an afternoon after dinner, or In the ewnlng, which li tu be leen In thti «nugg«rlee In Ltmdon, nor yet thoee Jollltioatlone bver whUky-tuddy, whiuh are too common In Root- land, or over the grog or " potheen" Id Ireland. Nothing of the lort. After dinner, June- tlian goci off to have a cinoke and a read of the newi|iaper, and thence to buiincM, with- out, at a general rule, taeting one drop of liquor. He hae neither the time nor the Inullna- ilon for It, After butlneee houre at night, there li not that amount of frecpienting " howfe" or pet- houiee, which b common, amongtt young men in buiinoie. In the large citlee and towna In Great lirlalta Tliey live, moit probably, a good way off, and arc glad to get home ae ioon ai poieible. If Ihoy board at a hotel, they prefer the bllllardnmm to the drinking- Milonn. A« we have lald before, the Americans prefer to drink at the bar, (tanding. The) order what they want, ewallow It at one breath, and off they go. The greatest cauie which wo can auign for the undoubted temporanoe of the Ameri- can people, a* a whole, coniUta In the detettatlon with which they look upon drunkenneee ai a vice, and the care they exerciio against indulging in It, from prudential motives. Employers are more particular, probably, about the sober habits and steady conduct of an aulatant than any other qualiiicallun— for what they term hi* being a " reliable man." If there is one thing more than another, which will make them doubt a man's capability to iorve them faithfully. It ii hii Inebriety of character, well knowing at they do, with drink being to cheap here, that if a man geti to uie it frequently, and begin* to like it, he it going fa*t on the high road to dettructlon. Drouglit up with luoh idoat and habits themselves, and taught to look at the drinking customs with Homething like fear and trembling, and knowing how much a man't value contitts in his being a strictly sober roan, they arc particularly careful in the selection and conduct of the assistants they employ, to see that they are of sober habits, and that they remain so. Men kise situations here, from no other cause than being known to frequent the bar, or a drinking-saloon, too often, although they may bo steady enough at their busl liestL There is no doubt, after all, that there is, probably, far too much drink consumed in th^ country, particularly in sea-port cities, where sea-faring men come in contact with the commercial classes, and also about the drinking-ealoons of the hotels, when salesmen or merchants meet their country customers there. As we have said elsewhere, lager beer, a light description of home-brewed beer, is the great beverage of the German population, and there is not a town or villoge but what has its " lager beer saloon." Tlie Germans sit down at tables, and converse and smoke over their beer, consuming often large quantities before they rise. It is, however, compara- tively speaking, hormless, when comj^ared with the viflanous " fire water," which is dis- tilled, in the shape of whisky, from Indian corn, rye, etc., and sold at a mere trifle per pint Wholesale price, 86 cents (or 1j). OJ. Mg.) per gallon. Drink is not sold at the bar at so much per measure — but the bottle is placed for you to help yourself— into a tumbler — unless you wish any of the fancy drinks, such as " gin sling," "brandy smash," "whisky skin," etc., etc. In that case, they are mixed up ready for you, and charged accordingly. As connected with the use of non-intoxicating liquors by the American people, we may mention as a fact— differing so much as it does from the customs in Great Britain, where beer, ale, "stout," or wino form almost indispensable adjuncts of the dinner- table — that, in America, nothing pf that sort is ever to be seen, almost, at the dinner tables in private houses — but tea or coffee (generally tea) takes the place of malt or spirituous -tl'"-'''" -' II liKKItKHIIINO DKINKt^— TIIK lOR TKADK. ,V \ l| Ani mrli KIX'*'. Jliat M h« wouM t)< a* I to M kIum iif hIii or wliix. '!'•> tli>> •li'nii|(<'r, from llrllntn, till* m'orii* •miiKwIiiit |i»ttU' llitr, yi't, nftiT nil, It or wiiti>r U Ihi* tiiorn rulloiml liovi'riiifK,*nil pcrtitlnly not llkvly to IcAil lo •iii'li i'oiii>'i|iii'iiav« •» follow ■oiiivtiiiu'* fn)m the •|i|i«>ar»ni<« of tli* " liottli<,'' on III* fuiiilly Ulili'. UKFUKSIIINO DUINKH IN HOT WKATIIEIt TiiK »trungir, In piiMlnK tliriMiKli iiny of llm litrt(i' fitii>i In lh« Unlti><) MUtra, will tlnlii(-i'a III i|iiiiir till) ijclli'luiinly cool li<>vi'rii((i'i> wlili'h iir<' iIuto ■ii|i|)II>'iI, nt from !l to B cfnt* {iiT i{litii>. Thimti ciMuUt of • inlxliiro of tixlii wiitcr nnd h vnrli'ty of nntlvi- \^inM or tinhitiii«l>'iitlti|{ ounlliiU, vltluT of wliloli, nilxi'il with loilu wnlrr, iimkv* n oool, I'lfcrv**- pIii^, ami riYrcthlii^ drink. It U inrprUInK lo m'k thi< numlxT of Imllci nml gi>ntli'iii<'ii, nml, In fact, all vliimtK, who alnml round th« hnndiMmin inarhhi fountain* whii'h nro Htli'd up In •uoh plnora, ((t'ttlnx it tunihli'r thu* tillt'd up, drinking th« I'ontcnU n't tim'i', |>nylnK lh«lr 8 or Kpnln, nnd drpurtlnK, The vonauniptUin of ruvIi htivrruKi'i U )'norinouii, onA lad In vai'h clii'MiUl'* ttore nllrnilInK lo thn fouiiluin nionp. Th« >oda wntrr U kopt In lar^o vfMi'U unalh tho coiinlor, from which It U Wd up to Iho fountain nnd llivru luppllcd throu|{h a lUvcr tap into the tuiiibkr containing the cordial to be mixed with It. i^ (A \ rAf^ ; -. ,v .K \ ^ THE ICE TRADE. Onr of tli<> many tliinf^ which *trlk(>« the utrnnKcr from Orpnt nrlUIn, on hU vl»llln|{ thin country for iho firit time, I* tho trnftio which U carried on during the numnipr monthi in tho article of ico^Kine ai necctiary in lummer, at the fuel for Are l« In winter. The trade U carried on by private individual* ai well ai by public companle*. Tn every city nnd town, without exception, you will «ec tho Ice cart peraiubulatlnx the ntrceti In a •Inillnr manner to what Iho eonl carl* do whilst dUpcntIng that article In fnmll (|unntltlee to the poorer chiMe* In tho ellici and town* of Britain, In the cllle* of the teaboard, the ice trade It cnrrled on " wholonlo, retnll, ond for ex- porlntion," Homo nro engaged in the " (hipping buiinet*" exuluilvely, tending ihl|iload* ^of It to Iho West Indict and other tropical climate*, whero It it, no doubt, duly appreciated. In tho citie*, tho carlt go round with Immento block*, about 12 to 20 inuhe* thick, and nifout from 'i'} to 27 incheii in length and breadth, Tho cart* liavo cnnvaa covers over them to protect tho ice from tho tun na fur a* postlble, but atlll It continues gradually to vnnUh, notwilhstanding. It It beautifully clear, and on a tcorching hot dny make* one al- most feel cool to look at it. Every morning, the men In charge of its delivery, visit their customers as regularly as tho baker does with bread, and, carrying up ajoaf of ice, depoHlts It ot tho oulxldo of tho door. The difficulty of ha'ndling Jie Ice is got over by the use of a huge pair of c alipers, which stick into the block on each side, and thus, lifted by a chain attached to them, it Is carried up or down stairs. Thus deposited at the door of the customer, it is left there at his riifl> I.AKK. 80 MVarail up In li'« lnni«'«. on »hn \Hkt>k* of rlv»r« goinTHlly, for thu «on*»«l«no« of trNn*|Mirt «Uun tt) thii \»r^<» oMv Ity walar, The n1>ovo pn^rnvlnf; ropreiontu a ioeno In wliitor ot one of tlio InrKont oonipnny'ii depots, vie, KiK-klnnd liUkc, whiuli is i>itiifitt'(l nliout onn inilo diHtaiit from tin; Uivur Iludxon, nl- though in n pnrt of tlio country "ifiO feet nl)ove tlio level of tlint river. Tlie inAtruinonts lined in cutting out the ioo, are termed ice plnnes, or cutters, nnd ice ploiigliit, with wliich the fields of ice nre marked off nnd eut into squnren, nnd from there stored in liirge " lmrni<," ur icu-housog, one of wliich will bo seen in the above view. Some of thoite Ktore-hotines contain ns nnich aa OtM'Ot) tons, where the blocks nre built up in renulnr order, nnd covered over with long gnifMi, B«w-du«t, phiivings, etc., to preserve it from the externnl hent of summer. The ieediouse represented above wns built to contuin 20,000 tons. Some Idea of this trade may be formed, when we state that about |10,0 rnwN ftwim |ml4UtM4 m I9 IIm «i>M«tai^4i«Mi, •• finti iImI In on* jrMr It «m MtlnHiUil •« rulluwd^ Rnaian . Iitn« «<>,ikx) K»» V»fl «ia train daahaa along through Malda, ovar aroaa roatU, through foratta ami awam|M, with all tlfa f^aadom antl ln)|a|>amlanoa oharaifxrUtla of tha country. If an unfortunata row ahouhl ltap|)an to ha taking an airing alonK tha IIhk, tha " aow- eatchar" Ufla har off har laga l>afora aha knowa whara aha la, nnil toaara hvr Into Mima nift ditch, parhapa, at tha road ahla, with auoh a laaaon aa aha will not forgvt In a hurry, If aha huppana to hava tha power of raoollactlon lafi within har at all I Any una " on tha tramp" Along " tha track" la warnad of th« a|iproach of tho train by tha loud aounding ball, which hu win ba vary daaf, Indvad, If ha doaa not hanr, lattlng alona tha graat, hoaraa, unearthly cry from thu looorootlve, to gat out of tha way. Tti« atrangcr la apt to flmi fault, mora |iartloularly. In thara being only on« " traok" or lino of ralla, on many of tha llnaa— and faw of tham being, aa wa hava tald, a» tinnly mada or Iwllaatad aa tha Unci In Oraat Britain. In loma llnaa thii la vary apiiarant, and not only In the laying of tha ralla, but In tha oonatruotlon of very temporary looking woodan bridge*— the bad policy of building which haa been found out by thla time. In auuh line* M the Grand Trunk of Canada and the Oraat Central of I'ennaylvanla, (from I'hlladelphla to Ilttaburg,) or the Daltlinore and Ohio railroad, the caae I* dllTurent — auuh Una* mora roaembllng. In lubttantlallty, DritUh mada railroad*. T]iere I* only one way, wa think, of accounting for thl* difference In the lolldlty of the road* of *,he two countries If not mUtaken, there I* a dIfTvrence of no Icm than £ito,(H)() In the ponatruction of every mile of milroad In the Ifnlled State*, com|)arud with that In Urltaln ; that U to lay, that tho average coat of every mile of road (lH5:i) in the United State* wa* about £0,460, wherea* every mile In Great Britain and Ireland average* the turn of £!iO,4 per mile of difference In tho coit of the railroad* of tho two countrie*. No doubt tho linglo lino* of road c'onitructed here, together with the free grant* of land, ought not to have coit any thing like what tho double line* of rail In Britain coit, atlll It li quite evident that tho American road* have co*t a trifle in conipariion to tho*e there, and hence, we think, the reaaon why American railroad* are not *o lubatantially built a* they would have been, had the lame proportionate amount of money been upent upon them a* on tho*e In Britain, The land* In Great Britain, through which the line* pas*, were a heavy item of expeniio in the conitruction of railroad*, but that, again, I* in «omo measure counterbalanced by tlio high rates poid for labour and the extra co*t of much of the material In America, compared with witat *uch wa* procured at In BrlUln. To cover the extent of territory they have done, we do not tee how the American* could OORT or BnrnilW AKD AMKRICAN RAtt.RHAIM. ItAv* opKn up Ui»lr vixinlry, tu gl«« ih«(r |h-ii |iU In itlHiiiit |i«rl* lh« liaiK'lll itt riHlrun^ Uttaonwitlon mu., If ti «•• nut Id Im h«i| In •» ittUlantUI • niiinn«r «• In ilr«*t Urlmin, tifft^ •|)|»««r«'i (/:« '.vm-kn th« lunat »( lh»lr «a|)lUil— »h*th«r U WN* lHirri)w*il i>r nof. Tha »i>nalriifi(ti>ii ■>( rnntiy »f lh«ir LHt« M<« grwitMt •rnir thuy tmv« nuiil*i hul •k|i«rli)ni<« U now •howlnif tli«m, tiMt lli* Miuncr th«]r frp'ttn* nil wmHian on** wllh Irun or ■t<>n«, lli« Hmn»t will lh»lr linn fmj Uiur 4l»l |Hil>lla rtinrtilvni'v. In INAX, lliKjr K«il than In |tri>irr»M of i'h tht>y hail lil.UrtM inllf* ai'tiially In o|i>'ralloii, ih^ laUvr twlnu rliM* u|Hm aa many nilli>» a« waa In i)|i<>rallon nivr- <•// h'unifi* at llial tlni»— which «it< 11,1 1'i iiilU-a. Hlnrn lh»n, w* Huil that, at iha I'oniniancKmvnt of Inam, thvy haiial of whii'h |wr mill', U Katlniatwil alHitit |:ia,inn) (jC7,ont<<| waa |UlU,VV4>,filrt, or IlNil.UUH.lDH, or a«y, In rounnaUa avala •• tlioaa iif (irtat lirltaln, It woiilil hnva takan tli« lutn of ahoitt iulN,A'j:i,NiNi alK.— a turn, wa praauina, not llkaly to hava livan rnlmil for tlia I'onal ruction of railway*, alona, In Ainrrlea. Tha ronoliiilon, therefor*, ivain* lo ua to lia, that ha«ni>alrlng of tho lucuiiiotivcii ond car*, and general rolling plant of the line. 7^11 Miutrr nftht Roatl, who Im* the general charge of all matter* relating to tho metal«, •leeprr*. bridge*, tunnel*, and, In fact, all thn building* on the line — providing water — and other dutU'R eiitentlally necoMmry for the etnuient working of the road. Having thu* noticed the plant, oon*tructliin, and management of tho line, wo will now notice a little of tho " rolling ttock," and iti managoment. Y\ni, then, wo will notice the railroad carriage!. RAILWAY OARS. Tub " carriage*" of Great Britain arc ityled " car*" in America. Here they are dif- ferently conitructcd. Inntcnd of the «mall compartment* for 6 firat-cla**, or 8 or 10 •ocond-claM paMongen, a* In Britain, the whole car intlde ii an open (pace, a* a aaluoD- 42 THE AMEHIOAN KAILKOAD PASSENGER CARS. caninge. Up the centre th«re I* a paiiMfre. Tlio avati ore nrrnnged on cnch nide of tho pa*- »*g«, ontl titti'd up hiinilvomi-ly with rriiiiiun pliiili velvet viiits ami backs for 2 piiMonKvr* in each acat. By an ingi-nioiia contrivanou, tlio backs uf thx soats are made to turn right OTer tho Brat, tlius a passengfrs can sit witii thflr faces opptisltc to other 2, wlilcli is very lianily when 4 of a party wisli to talk togctJH-r, or have a game at cards, chess, etc., etc. Tiie whole interior fittings of the cars are good, with mirrors at each end. In the corner of all carriages there is a private retiring saloon, with water-cloaets, etc. On some lines there is ono for ladies and another fur g(>ntlemen, in eacli car. Each car conveys from 6U to 60 passengers. Almost all the cars open at tho ends, where there is a platform exteud- THE AMERICAN RAILROAD PASSEXOER CAR. tng out about 2 feet ; thus tho platform of one carriage joins that of another, and with the doors at both ends of the car, opening like the door of a room, a passage is thus formed fh>m one end to the other of tho entire train. Along the ceiling of each car, there is a rope, which is nttnched throughout the whole train, so that the conductor, or any passenger, in any part of tho train can stand up and — by pulling this rope — ring a bell which is placed at tho side of the engine driver, and thus stop the train, if necessary. By this means, serious accidents are avoided, and passengers experience a feeling of safety, ity liaving such means within their reach. This is rather an improvement, it must bo allowed, on the boasted efficiency of some of the English rail- roads, the trains of which have l)een known, sometimes, to catch fire, and have the whole train flying along in a blaze, and passengers burned before the engine driver could be com- municated with. We allude more porticulnrly to an occuiTcnce of that nature which oc- curred on the Great Western (of England) Railroad, some time ago. There is only one class of cars in the United States for all classes, excepting emigrants. Emigrant cars are just like the Sd-class carriages in Britain, only that they are arranged in the same stylo inside, as Ist-class cars here. Tlie cars are n.'ch longer — say about half a length longer than the average length of corriages in Britain — or about the same length as some of the long carriages on the Glas- gow and Greenock, or London and South-eastern lines of railroads there. The body of the car rests upon swivels attached to a oort of truck, or carriage of 4 wheels — (2 at each Bide). One of those trucks are under each end of the carriage ; there is thus a free space of about 30 feet between the fore and after wheels of the cars. The car thus placed on these trucks, and upon swivels, as stated, enables them to be run over curves with much greater ease and safety than if constructed on tlio British plan. In fact, we do not think that the British railrood carriage could travel, with safety, so fast in this country as what the American car does, simply owing to the construction of the road, and the build of the car, with wheels so close to each other, and body having no room to " play," or swing round a little, in turning a curve. On the other hand, again, we fancy, that ft car, built on the American model, would travel infinitely more easy, and much more safe- CARS OP AMERICA AND ENGLAND — TUB LOCOMOTIVE. 48 ly, when going round lome of tho^e beautiful iharp curves which occur here and there on tome Rritiih lines, or in " going over tlio atones" on such as the line from Penniston to Hhot- field, or from Hishopstolce to Halitbury (Kng.). The external oppvaranco of the ears are exceedingly plain — and, on entering for the first time, one is not prepared to find thcni so handsomely fitted up as they are. For our part we prefer thene sulnon-carriages, so well and comfortably fitted up, to even some of the first-ulass carriages in liritain, with their compartments of six each, where, ten chances to one, if you can got a seat, without being half suffocated with heat from windows being closed, or witli tobacco sniolco, from, perhaps, 2 or 8 cigars blazing away beside you. Whereas, to compare the best 'id-class carriages in Great Britain witli tlie ears in this country, is out of the question — setting aside altogether, the intolerable nul< sanco which tlio non-smoking public in England feel, in being compelled to travel, as it might be, in a small, cramped-up smol erally, and were it not for a very small badge which ho wcnrs eitlier on liis cap or coat breast, you could not tell him from any ordinary gentleman traveller. He ia — as ho requires to be — a sharp, shrewd man of business, with the eye of an eagle, excdilent powers of dis- crimination as regards the various forms human nature takes, when passing under his re- view — thoroughly " posted up" as to all the " wild cat," " broken bank," ond " uncurrent" notes in circulation — who can tell a counterfeit 26 cent piece by feeling, without troubling himself to look nt it — and who, withal, is particularly attentive to ladies, in pro- viding them with seats in cars — where mostly ladies, or ladies accompanied by gentlemen arc — and who, upon tlio wliole, is civil, obliging, and attentive, with a sharp look-out after tickets, and those who have none. On n summer's morning, you will find him enter the car, as he gives the word " all aboard," dressed os if newly out of a band-box, in a suit of white, or unbleached linen, from liead to foot, hat and boots included. For a rollicking liit of fun, he will enter the carriage, giving some well-known passenger a " dig in tlie ribs," as he sings out his morn- ing salutation of " How are you, old feller 1" at the same time saying to the passenger, " I cal'clate you didn't see the cnlf we kotched upon the cow-kctcher." On the passenger pro- fessing his ignorance as to such nn event Imving happened, but, being very desirous of get- ting " posted" on the subject, is eager for all the information he can get — the conductor, in return, still bent on a bit of fun to start the day's business with, thon relates in his own peculior fashion — whicli it is hopeless for us to describe, and more particularly regarding all the incidents connected with the catcliing of the animal referred to, and the variations, exclamations, emendations, and additions with which he garnished up his wonderful story- suffice to suy that the story was well told, and ended by the conductor completely " sell- ing" his eager listener, wtien he told him, with a rich leer in the one eye, that the animal was on board, and he (tlic passenger) was tlie calf. With that, ttie conductor would bolt to the other end of the car, leaving the wliole company in a roar of Inuglitcr at the unfortunate wight who was so eager to hear something of the marvellous, which Brother Jonathan is always ready to supply, when he con meet with a proper customer who will take it in. There is another character " on board" the car, however, it would almost be unpardon- able to omit noticing, pamely, the attendant newsman. THE RAILROAD NEWSMAN AND BOOKSELLER. In America, there arc almost no book-stalls connected with the railroad stations, as in Great Britain, where newspapers, periodicals, books, etc., are sold in such vast quantities. It must not bo imagined, however, that the railroad traveller is neglected, in that respect, as will be found by experience on the lines, here. Started on your journey, you have not gone far before you are visited by the attendant newsman alluded to, " Morning paper, sir !" " morning paper, sir !" and thus he goes from one end of tlie train to the other, selling the morning paper for, perhaps, 3 cents — being one cent above publisher's price — but cheap enough withal. After he thinks j^ou have had time to " reod, mark well, and inwardly digest" all the 3 cents' worth, he visits you again, dispensing this time gratuitous literoture, by handing to all and sundry a bill of *«>• ! 46 TUB KAILROAD NEWSMAK — "PUSHING THE TRADE." •ome " heavier" article in the literary market — " Life and Timet of Hugh Miller," Juit ont, giving particular* regarding that publication — tho great lale it liai had — and if you wi*h tu cuntidcr younclf a well " po*tod-up" roan on luch matters, you ought to buy a copy at the price of — the olmighty dollar. You have Jutt tinithed reading the jiroipeotui, when he roturni and picks up all the prospectuses, as he cannot afford to have them either wasted, or to give you one gratis. You wait to tee " what next," when next he appears with an armful of liooks nicely bound, one of which ho hands to every passenger. It is, " Life and Times of Hugh Miller." He thus passes through tho car, and having given you an oppor- tunity of perusing prospectus and work olso, he waits a little till you have begun to scan the ixigcs over, and when you are nicely at work perusing some Interesting story con- nected with the life of that excellent specimen of Scotland's sclf-mado men, the attendant is at your elbow, and at your ear also, ranking the polite remark, " Only one dollar, sir ;" if you hesitate^" the greatest book out, sir." Still you are doubtful — '- No man but thinks of having that book, sir ;" and, at last, between the eloquence of the author and salesman of the book, you are minus one dollar, but an addition to your library of one volume. Thus you watch tho tact and perseverance without many words, with wbioh the newsman goes along, selling all ho can of those he had left with the paMongers. Ho now disappears, By-andby his next visit is in another choraoter. By this time, he supposes }'ou are getting thirsty — we will not suppose, for a moment, on account of the matter being rather dry, that he had, a few minutes before, sold you ; but, at all events, he appears now with a tin can full of iced water, which he dispenses in a tumbler to every thirsty person, gratis — handling both articles with some nicety — as the train flies along. Thus he supplies all who wish to drink. Having completed his journey in this line of business, he shortly appears again, loaded with another supply of books. Tills time, it is a " Railroad Guide." He leaves a copy of that also as before, and proceeds on. After you have perused it, you, probably, are inclined to be posted up as to the time of the railroad, as well as the time of day, and feel disposed to invest 26 cents for that — well-invested money a« the newsman may tell you — " save many a train, sir." So on he passes, picking up those copies not wanted, and picking up the quarter dollars where they are to be met with. In this way does this attendant pass and repass, delivering, selling, and taking up copies of books of all sorts — magadnes, illustrated newspapers, etc. — so that, between reading what you may have bought, and glancing over all those which are thrown in temptation's way, the time on a railroad, in America, passes away very fast, even although you should be travelling without any acquaintance to converse with. After a lapse of an hour or so, and after he has exhausted his variety of good things for the mind, our industrious fiiend now appears with something approaching to " lolly pops" in appearance, but intended as food for the body. This is the veritable " pop corn," all done up in paper bags, at " only 5 cents apiece." You have, probably, never tasted pop corn, you see every body else investing, and so goes another twentieth part of the said almighty dollor, for a bag of pop corn. From its starchy white look and appearance to some nice confectionary, you expect; to get a sweet, mouthful However, you will be disappointed, whether agreeably or not, we do not say, as that is a matter of taste. All we can sny is, that we like it well enough, and that It appears to be a great favourite, from the quantities you will sec consumed on cars, steam- boats, in theatres, etc. It is the Indian Corn, subjected to heat, by some process, and blown up into ft light confectionary-looking article, sprinkled over with salt, and a very healthy and, we Jure sny, nourishing article, for those who like it. Having left you to finish your stock of " pop corn," the faithful attendant is nt your service once more, and if you were disappointed nt his last visit, by not getting some " lolly pops," as you expected, you will now have an opportunity of investing another quarter of a dollar on some genuine "candy" of Mr. Somebody's excellent manufac- ture. Tliere is no mistake this time, so you are inclined to speculate once more. But 25 cents' worth of candy, what are you going to do with uU that ? If you are at a THE NEWSMAN — RAILROAD REFRESHMENT STATIONS. 47 loM, the Attondnnt will at once give ynii a proof of hi* klndneia, and afford you an opportunity to excrt-iKu your*, by tUKKXHting tliat it will no doubt afford you pleaxuro to dlvldn it with tlio " little d(>ar»" In the mat before or behind you, and If there are none actually lo clone at hand, ho will find «oino In the train who will become the (grateful ro> cipientu of your benevolent kindncti. Thua ap])eiilcd to, you niuy bo led to be gencrou* ; or, If in itoical humour that day, in that respect, you beifin to look at l>oth *ides of youi quarter dollar, before you exchange it for the packet of candy, done up ao InvitinK as it is in white and giAA paper. The " pop corn," however, by this time, urges the necessity of tomethituf to allay the thirst which it created ; so you begin to hesitate, and, at last, make up your mind you will not spend 20 cents on candy then — it's t(M) much. To eat it all, perhaps, would turn the equilibrium of your stomach, and, whilst in tliat mood, between hesitation and want, the attendant— faithful man— puts an end to your soliloquy by the information that " Wall, I gueits you can have a dime's worth." That will do— a bargain is struck, and you hand out your 10 cents, and he gives you a portion of a package, value one dime. Thus engaged, therefore, between allaying your thirst with the candy, and on- joying your investments in literature, you whirl along till you come to a station where the iron horso takes in fuel and water. " All aboard" again, and you are once more meditating upon some of the beauties of nature, wliich you are passing rapidly, when another attendant appears, with a great bundle of nows])apers under his arm. At the last stopping-place, the faithful attendant, who had so sedulously attended to your mental and material wants — with proUt to himself and to you — has disappeared from oif the stage— of the car, at all events — and you see no more of him. His |>lace is taken by another, who has come up tito line, perhaps 40 or 60 miles, with an up train, with the evening paper of the next largo town or city you are approaching. " Iiriportunt news by telegraph ;" " News by the ocean telrgraph ;" " To-day's London news." You are now hit homo, perhaps, and In your eagerness to know what the news Is, you Inquire " What Is ItV" when you ore brought to your senses by the dollar-nnd-ccnt laconic reply, " 3 cents, sir." You had forgot ; the newsman, however, hud not; so you hand out 8 cents, and have it all before you. Between your morning paper, your evening pr.per, your one dollar volume, your Rail- road Guide, your pop corn, and your candy, and sundry drinks of water, you have been pretty well occupied during tlio journey, and we are bound to think that you have not wearied any more with travelling only ut the rate of 20 miles per hour, than you would have done If you had been on the Great Western Express, railing it at the punctual time of 6U miles an hour, with " Ilell Fire Jack" as driver, from London to Bristol. The newsman on the railroad car is a character perfectly unique, and only to be met with on an American railroad, or steamboat sometimes. RAILROAD REFRESHMENT STATIONS. The groat distinguishing difference between the refreshment saloon at the railway sta- tions here and in Britain is, tliat those in Britain are, for the most part, occupied with bars, for the sale of liquors of all kinds, and wretclied tea ond coffee, or soup — with the latter so scalding hot, however, that you have neither time nor patience to wait till it is cool enough to enjoy it In America it is just the reverse. The bar, where intoxicating liquors are sold, is scarcely to be seen at some stations. It forms a very secondary place in the establishment. The refreslmient saloon proprietor finds it necessary to supply the best, most wholesome, and substantial victuals for travellers, whilst the railroad companies allow their passengers time to enjoy tliem. People in this country have no idea of travelling 300 or 400 miles, on an old fusty biscuit, or spunge cake, and keeping up tlio " inner man" witli brandy and water, or pale ale — things all very well in their proper place, but not to travel upon for from 12 to 24 hours. DiNNut. — In your journey along the line, we omitted to convoy you to the dining saloon. When, tlierefore, tlie boll on tlie engine hus rung its last stroke of stoppage, you jump off the car, and ore informed — " 20 minutes here for dinner." You are now, probably, landed 48 A WAY-8IDE REFRESHMENT HALOON— SLEEI'INO OARS. *t • tUtlon not for ttom • «lonM fi)re«t, or In the niUUt of a deep vnUey, with a rongo of mountain*, prrhnp*, on ovcry title, with nothing to be heard but the " Iron horiu" tnoitliig till he conic* to • vtanditlll, and the *ound from hi* nottrll reverberating through the val- ley, and re-echoed again and again. You feel diipo*ed to ditappolntmcnt in boing landed at luoh a primitive-looking itation, which present*, from all you tee around you, externally, •uch *canty mean* of provltling a good dinner, for you, who have taited nothing very tub- (tnntial, probably, ft-om 6 to 6, a. m., and now It I* I'i.ao or 1, p. m. lieddc*, there I* not the roagnltloent refrethmont saloon a* in England, like the Midland at Derby, or CarlUlo — with it* cooledastical looking celling, and It* baronial fire-place. If you have not that, you have. In juit luch a *tatlon a* that of StAiford, or at Drl»tol, a wtH)den refre*hment-r(N)m, well stocked inside. You now enter tlio dining-room — toko your seat — and we will guarantee you will grt a most sumptuous dinner, there and then, for fiO cents, (or 2«. stg.,) and have time to take it in comfort, compared with the " bolting" necessary at some of the refreshment stations In Orcnt Uritnln, where you have to pay 62^ cents (or 'i». id, stg.). At this country way-sldo station, thoy are nil preprcd for your coming, every thing is ready to the minute the train is due. Most of the dishes are out up, all ready, and, between soup, delicious trout from the mountain streams at hanare with tlio oars alluded to in this country. On the Pennsylvania Central Road, there are high-backed softi seats, which one can repose u|>on very comfort- ably, at no extra cliarge. TUE CUUROIIES OF AMERICA. The clogance of the churches in tho United Btatet and Canada is well known to every American troveller. Whilst there cannot bo, of course, such vcncrnblo cdlflci's to bo seen as the fine old cathedrals of such as Salisbury, York, London, and Westminster, (Kn^.,) or Olnsgow and Elgin, (Scot.,) yet we have no hesitation In saying, that in modern churches, those of Canada or the States will compare favourably with any in Groat liritnin or Ire- land, either in artistio exoollcnco in archltcotural design, as well as substantiality. We know of few towns in Orent Britain, whicli, in comparison with its size, can show such a turn out of elegant places of worsiiip as Is to be soon, for example, in the city of Toronto. In one or two other towns, such as Montreal, tho Catholics excel in the external beauty as well as sixe of their cathedrals, although Internally they are nothing to boast of, somo of tiiom even betraying, in our opinion, very bad taste. The English Episcopalian cathe- dral and churches, as well as those of tlio Congrogntionalist and other bodies again, both oxteriiaily and internally, show generally excellent taste, combined with groat comfort The Presbyterian churches, botli Englisli and Scotch, also present somo very handsome ediflces, excelling, as a general rule, we think, the buildings which the Scotch Free Church Presbyterians have been erecting lately in many of tho Scotch towns, most of which, for- tnnnt(!ly, make no pretensions to nrcliitectural beauty of design. For the same amount of money which many of those churches have cost, if the Americans had had to build them, they would in all probability have erected neat and tastefully-designed churches entirely of wood, and by painting them white, with green round tho windows and doors, and with their briglit green Venetian blinds, would have presented, as they do In country districts here, churches and chapels, that, however small, at once commend themselves for their ele- gance and neatness. In tho large cities on the seaboard, such as New York, in the lavish expenditure of money which must have boon spent on tiie magnificent edifices there, wo sliould say, that tho Americans have good reasons to be church- proud. (See Now York, for engravings of such.) THE ATTENDANCE AT CHURCH. On visiting the churches in the United States and Canada, the stranger will find them well filled, generally speaking. In summer time, the ladies are to bo scon going dressed in tbo most expensive niualins and laces, witli bare arms, perhaps, under elegant mantillas of tho most zephyr thinness, displaying easily the shape of the figure, be it handsome or otherwise. In the autumn or " full," the most gorgeous silks, brocades, and velvets are worn. This being the age of " hoops," of course the ladies assume larger dimensions than usual ; the use of that article in this country being carried to as great excess as we think it possible to be done. As a general rule, tho congregations of nil places of worship are exceedingly well dressed, and present, in summer time, some features rather different from those in Britain. In the summer time, ladies take fans with Ihem to church — the value of that article ranging from a 5-ccnt dried palm-leaf, to every sort and design of the most costly Chinese and French manufacture. During the service, the fans are kept in almost constant motion in cooling their possessors, much, wo should suppose, to the annoyance of the speaker, seeing these waving back and forward before his eyes, at rates varying from 6 to 60 miles per hour. The gentlemen go in suits, some of black, some white, some drab, and some brown, just n' 60 DUKHB AT CHUHCII— CllUliCII I'SALMODV. It lutU their tnitfl, conv«nl«noo, or comfort. Many with wholu suit* of wliltn llnnn, and b«lnK nawly WAihcil mid "K<>t up," with pure wlilto vhlrtfroiiti, tirndown collar*, and ■mall rlhlx)!! for ni'ok-tl«, IimIc uncoiniiioiily wull, nuat, and cluoii-lookliig, and, In th« hut wi'Athur, tho titoit couifortaltlo drum of nil. A* wi> hav« Mt lirollhiK undwr our blauk coat, voat, and trowtom — all woollen— we have innny tlnioi nuvlud tlione gentleman la white and tine linen. In the matter of hat«, tix), tliu lilg hiauk chimney pot U thrown a«ld« by many, and the light itraw or felt hat adopted In It* pinee, to that. drcMed up a« now dencrlbed, with o |)olr of thin patent leather boot* ur ilioc*, At for a bull, It will be teen, that the American gentleman dre**e* to a* to be a* eaRy, light, and comfortable a* ha OAD. Little boy* are *lndlarly dreaaed a* the gentlemen ; and girl* — women In miniature— they mutt follow the faihion allotted to them, and are dre«aed and vcrcwcd up like »o many big doll*, but certainly with the mo«t cxiiuUUe neatneM and tu»te, and lome of them at no ■mall eoit. In the winter mouth* It U Juit the very revcr«e of nil thi*. Nothing cnu ba too thick, almoit, from the lole of the foot to the crowu of the head, for Indlei, gentlemen, and children. The working claMe* turn out to church exceedingly well drewed, and If It wa* diffloult to tell, at onu time, the ditrerunco between a Manchetter or (ilaogow fuctory-girl from the daughter of a mill-owner, on Sunday, it I* pretty much the ca«o now In America — Sally of the hotel or the private reaidenue, a* well a* the well-paid workman's wife, being do- ■Iron* of ihowlng off aa well at thote of the " upper teu"— not forgottlug their (tin, either, when they go out „ ., _ . ,, , ... ,, - ^ - CHURCH PSALMODY. On entering almoit any church, chapel, or nieeting-houie of any denomination what- ever, the itranger muit at once be struck with the most excellent paalmody which he heara in the places of worship. Oenerally speaking, there I* as great a difference between the psalmody and music In American churches, when compared with that heard in England, as there is between the sing-song, drawling, unmusical notes to be heard in some of the churches in country parishes in Scotland, when compared with the muslo in such as St Bride's, in Fleet street, or Rev. Dr. Blnnie'0, in Fish-street Hill, London. Tlie reason appears to us to arise from the study which the Americans, as a people, give to the art, commencing with them when very young at the pinno or melodcon, and hav- ing thus early learnt it, become to like It, ond curry it Into their religious services. In the choirs of places of worship, as is well known, the wives and daughters of the most respectable families assist, and scarcely Is there a choir, we should say, but what can boast of its prima donna, belonging to the upper classes, amongst Its volunteer assistants. Struck, Bomctimes, with some particular tenor, towering above all the others, we have found, upon inquiry, the voice to be that of the lody of Mr. A., the Importer, or hearing an ex- cellent bass voice, were told It was Mr. B., the manufacturer. In some of the churches in the large cities Is this particularly the case, the singing being such as we fancy could not fail to arrest the ottention, and please the man who does not know even one note from an- other. In some congregations, the hymn books have musical notes printed In; others, again, hove music books with nlrs only — consequently, n large trade Is done in supplying congregations with sacred nmslc books, or with hymn books set to music. Wo do not find, however, thot the congregations, as a body, let their voices be heard, ony more than they ore heard in many churches in Britain. They appear to allow the choir ond thn organ to do the work, and in many churches they are mere listeners. As on exception to this, moy be named such as Rev. Mr. Beecher's church, in Brooklyn, New York. There the whole congregation appear to sing with hearty good will — In itself, o treat to heor. Every place of worship hos a musical instrument of some kind, generally on organ, or melodcon. Even the small congregation, In the large Scotch Presbyterian Church of St Andrew, at Clifton, (Canada West,) appears to have been Inoculated In favour of a musical instrument, for without waiting, we presume, for authority from headquarters, (being a LUMBKR AND LUMHURMKN. 61 Hootoli raUliUaluxl chnruh) th«y li«v« MMfrttxl tlxt HkIiI. In tliclr ••lopti'd land— anil bring In tiliMti |iroxlnilty to th« " Unit ut lllivHy" — to tntriHluoi a uii'1ih1«i>u to awUt thulr |m«1' tnoily, nml with ((ood vftvci In iltiKlnK tlm good old funliloncd |»Milnii and |i»ru|)liraa«!« of tho "niitliorlxfd vi'r>>lon." A controversy U now Kolng on In the church mc«'tln((«, In (?unadu, u|ict of introdiiclriK Inntrununtul niimlo Into rliurrhct, ilnillar to that which U going un iu Hcot- laud, uniungiit the invuibcn of ih« United I'rethyterlan body thuru. k LUMBER AND LUlfBERMGN. Thb term "lumber," It meant to repreient all kindi of timber, whether In log*, denla, (pun, Rhin^lcR, or any other detcription of cut or unout tlmlic>r. " Lunibornicn" a* thoa* who nre employed In cutting down the timber, preparing It for, and making it into rafta, and " raflliig" or ittiling thow rafli down the rivera to a port. Tlm» a raft i« " run" or " rufled" down n river, when It U being tiikcn to market to be lold. The term rafttmeu U, therefore, itynonynioui with lumbermen, when conveying the lumber along the river*. The lumbermen of Canada are ahlefly French Cauudioni, and, in many retpccta, they lend a Holltnry, exposed, and hard-working life. In the Hummer leaaon theM men arc engaged by large " lumber honkes," owner* of im- mcuHu tracts of forest lands and swunips. They are sent hundreds of miles up the country, to certain stations In^ the interior ; along with them tliey take a supply of pork, flour, and biitcult, and warm clothing, suffldent to last over the winter season, and until the river uuvlgation opens. When winter sets in, they are engaged "chopping," ur felling down the trees, and preparing them into logs. Home do nothing but chop; others, ognln, attend to tho " logging," that Is, yoking tho bullocks and attending to them In drawing tho logs out of tho forest, to tho neareitt outlet of the river, or point, where they are prepared into rafts. Another is employed as cook for the ]iarty, who remains at home nil diiy, preiMring the food, and, perhaps, exercising himself In the use of the rifle, In bring- ing in Home game so as to furnish an extra savory dUh now and then. Tliey live In wooden " ehnntles," or log-houses, which, by plastering or the use of bark, arc rundert'd as warm as any stone house. There, during the dreary months of winter, with snow and ice on every aide, nnd a dense forest around them for many miles, do these hardy men exist, enlivening their evenings by games at cards, or probably reading the latest newspaper, If one, by any chnnee, should como in their way. The winter time, when every thing is frozen hard around them, is frequently a more cimifortable time for them than at other seasons, when in swamps they arc obliged to stand in water and cho]) or log. In winter they wcur suits of the heavy Canadian cloth, alluded to elsewhere, with long boots, of a very heavy and ■ubstnntlal make. In Canada alone, It Is estimated there are upwards of 8(),000 lumbermen regularly employed, chiefly In the Ottawo, and far north-west districts. Tlioy are engoged for the season, porhajjs. Tliey go to work, live in tho bush, as described, during the winter, and, after they have got nil their logs made into rafts, tliey ore prejmred to " run" them when the ice disappears. The running of rafts is, somethnes, a very dangerous opera- tion, particularly on such as the Rivers Ottawa and St. Lawrence, where there are so many rapids ; however, by tlie use of long oars, at cneli end of the raft — eoch oar acting us a helm to steer with — and experience, tiio practised lumberman gets along without much dan- ger, excepting where he gets Into u wide expanse of tho river where the small lakes arc formed, and a storm coming on, ho runs tho risk of tite raft being blown in ditt'erent directions, nnd tlius " wrecking" the raft, sometimes, beyond hope of recovery, and with loss of life often On such a lake as Hi Peter's, on the St. Lawrence, is this sometimes the case. We here give nn engraving of rafts " running" the rapids of the St, Lowrence, at Cedars, Canada East, 36 miles S. W. from Montreal, which wiU give on idea of one of the most dangerous and exciting scenes during the voyage of a raft, on its way to market. 5'i itAn-M or r.tmBKK uirNNiNO thi: kai'idk In *oma illttriat*. th* mti* nrx illvlili*ni| th« "«UJm'— wlur« lh«r« •r« no rii|tliU, or otli*r maan* of eunwyiiiK thain |Mi>t Umk* or fullt, On the rnfts are erected temporary houses, or huts, ond with a cooking stove, barrels of flour, pork, etc. Thus they may be seen, making their woy for hundreds of miles down tlia rivers to various ports on tlio St. Lawrence, btit portlculorly to Quebec, the greatest lumber shipping port In Amorico. The lumbermen are engaged for so much per season, with victuals. When they aulve at Quebec with the rafts — the prooeeJs of their winter's work — they are then pold the oniount duo them, and are ready to engage for the next seo- ■on. Sometimes the lumbermen are very troublesome, In breaking engagements with their employers, and hiring themselves to others when they get up the country. Employers THB LUMHEH THADK— riRKKNdFNI! KHTAMF.IHIIMKNT. fiH eomjiliilii of llila, wlilM lU» m»n, on thn oilur liNnnlmrnr, nr ili« Urrii* of tli« •iiKnuvnient nut liotnK ii<. An »tl<'ni|)t wn> nmili< hi ratAlitUh « rvnUlry of lumlinruii'U In tlii< OtUwu illw of il klnx ili>' «vll hIIikIkiI to, lait nolhlnK l|ihla, whiuli U thn iniirkvt fur lu lurnhur. All thn InrxH ritiv* on thu ■riklxinni •rii niuro or \v* lunilx'r niArkaU, nml hy th« vlicitpnmM of thU nitUlK, are tlii< |ii, In doing which, thn lJnlt«liro, la th« tinglii urtU'la uf luuilit>r, of Cunadlnn growth, wu anni>x thu following itat«in«nti-« AnAlitlrnol i\f tS* irumb4r qf IHt«*» nfnlt l.umh$r (miuiirt Itmhtf t^tftttit) m*iiiur4,HKt iliinilitril •priica ilii«la \ MUl.ftHA ilitiiilaril |ilii* Kiiil >|irui-s ilimlt, uiiciillnil ; I Vl,l{)i'i |i|ii« iiliink »ncl bimriU, iMillril I l^llll |iln* |ilitiik kihI lioiirih, niuiitucl ; 7n,|IU iiiruL'* plitiik mul liu»rd«, cullail : l4,l>itS i|irui'« iiliiiik ikiiil lioitrib, oiiuntril ; l.lVIU.tKi ttKinliiril atitvut ; Vlii.lllt WmI IihIU •t«v». Thn tnlul »x|inrl* nf tlinhtr of til klmU fnim CmiitiU, In Iho year IsMI, »niimiil«il In viiliia to 1 1 11,1)1 ll,HW|t •iiil tlin vnliiii of ililpa hiillt In ((urlivti miil tulij uiil uf tli« cuuiUry itniouiittil lu |l,UIU,u7di mnUug it lutai of wuihI Kuiida axportad ut |II,1W),V&U, Till' rii'i'i|it» liy tli« Cunodinn govcrnniuut, w«re ai foUowii^ DurlnR till jrtkf lNn6 the pon rtotlpti wtrt— Od Bcvniiiit uf Tliiihar LlnaniM 1(14,019 10 1)0. (Iuv«rnni«nt mitiM a'/,T>t4 Do 240,801 SO Dcduotlng clmrfM of manitgtnKiit, Tlinliar f.lcuniiaa illl,i)ilA TO Do. do, do. Uovvniiuant Hlldat 1,1)1)3 «U 84,0«t <• Ipeelally for looking af- ter them, the Institution of the flre-cnglno, nnd firemen compunlei", have become a power, alas I however. Ilka all human greatness, destined to reach the summit of Its greatness, and wane gradually till It disappears, ot last, altogether from sight, or memory. To express an opinion against this institution at one time was tantamount to blusphemy — and to doubt their efficiency, as a body, was downrlglit infidelity. It may bo osked by some, who and what ore these firemen there Is so much said and written about ? They are simply a body of men, genorolly young men and lads, who, in n particular district of a city, form themsclvca Into a firemen's company, with the laudable desire of assHting in putting out fires, and saving tlio property ot such as much as possible. Tlio corporation furnishes them with an engine, englnc-housc, hose, hooks, ladders, etc., etc. They pay for tlie decoration and furnislilng of their engine themselves. They are very particular about iiaving thelf en- gine to beat every other engine already in existence, or which ever nioy come into exist- ence. It shall bo more expensively painted and decorated. Its fittings of brass, copper, and silver-gilt, shall shine so as to dim the lustre of all others within eye-sight on a parade M TIIK riHKMKN'i "KlfK OUT." lUy. Tl* |mw»r *liiill Im Mich •• !•• tlintw • jvi of wnUr hl|k*r ilmn ih« hlgliM* y*! •!> Uliixil, Mitil iiiirry un lu fronl, •• « NMrk of lu UMllanlrjr •ml ••ri-iiKth, • |Nilr »l Iti* Imwm of an oi. Willi nil thrM )i«iitiltiMi urnl qiiiillrtt'«tl»n*, It niu»t I'luiililn* In It, nil ttio mM, IlKhtncM, •ml grufv >tt M fnlry I'lmrlol, •ixl miii* of tlir i'liiiii«y r>'l«4'k |Hiliiti>>l wIutU of ■n rDKliiK of Tlllcy'*, or MiTrvwrNllivr'*, of l^iiiiloti, .No; iliK " Noh|i«trrU" |(r» I'll' kIiik of Ilia Inittli ilUlrli^t " .Noii|Hir>'ll ('oni|Miiy," «lili tha " Ktilflii'lii'r Hook ami (^•lili'r ('oiii|Hiiiy," wllli li»«*, •lilt lii«*' cnrrlMifii, U • |'h wlilcli llin »<-rli| I* plmlli' flly, with tha iit>w« of tliu " ilvvoiirtiiK (■li'imiit" Ik'Iiik »l work «i'iii«' wlivri>, It U lh<'ii tliitt lh» |ihlUnthro|ilc fireman U to ha ■«i>ii In all hU i, with tha " Ktilt'ki'riHH'ki'r" Imuk iiihI ImliiiT, mill ho*i>, t'lixii Iii'IiIidI, ntv i'>ii »f4 It fotiihiK •■'•tii|>^ truce*, with ri'il Jitrkfl* mikI hi-liiH't', iii'Mrly iit*nrln|{ the M<< t* at (hi'y u<>, with I'liplMin In front, mihI •« hi< run*, nhoiiiInK out hia ori|i-r« throiiuli hi* all- vir Kill truiiipt't. TIkti- tln'y nra In full cry, when ln'hlml them, Niiothcr coiii|»tiiy with enKiiiii No. I, whcaUrouiwI thaciirncr, niiil, In It* altcinptiiiK to |Mkuthi< rcnowiiol "Noii|hi- fell," ^I'tit JniniiK'il up n((ikln»t the tlrat lamp poat, iinil malnu'il for iloln^ nny iiior'- kooiI or hiirm, for iIik ri'iiiiiliiili'r of that iliiy or n\j(\\t. Thu " NonpnrcU" •till hohU on It* trluin- )ihiiiit career, nlthouKh It may hava lirokeii • leK or two of Ita memliera. In IN encounter with No. 1, It arrive* withlu half • k"') ■'■ot of tli« u'ena of nctloii, when iinolhcr coiii- |M»ny, No. 'i, drive* up, lieforo tha ri'Uihlu " Non|)«rell," nnil pltchlnK liit< < It, «ina*he« It* alcmler hoily, ami nil " thu flklnK«," Into (inltharcena, till at luat Nu. 'i, nml n few other* •rrlvw lit tha lire, niul tintl It — n fnlax alarm, after nil. What I* Iha inennliit; of nil thi* T will 1)0 atliPil. Only — thnt th« firemen of on« cofn|Miny liml aoumletl I In' nlarin of tlr«, •mi waiitlnit • run for them*elvi>*, IhoiiKht Ihay woiihl ihow how aoon they could ha at • purtlcniar tiMit, In advance of nil their nel^hliuur*, and thu* take th» "ahiiiu" out of them. In loher enrneat, however, the foreKoln(( li no rxn|{t(*'i'*tlun of n acene in koIiii^ to un uu- tiiul or reputed Are. Thu «4!ene* of rivalry which the lytteni hn* rnt(eii',lered, the Anhit •t Are*, thu loafera and M-oundrel* of all tort* which have lately ^ot vomnpcted with tiro coiiipiinicH — who*u only ohjevt la to gut up tlru* for the mke of plumlci'— hu* led to the doom, ua we lielleve, of the exiatencu of volunteer com|)anlv* In c'unnectlon with firu-vn- glnoi nml rtre-hrl)(nde*, I'uhllu opinion, hackud by the Inaurunvu companlea, have now found out n reined^' for reducing thu numhur of flru«, and alto thu nmouiit of deatrue- tion of property which ftdlow them. Thnt roinudy 1* the I'ltahllahlng the ateam tire-on- glue, and a regular pniii itntf of tirunien. The pulillv la all the lurgo cltle* nlmoat, icem olivo to the Importuinco of adopting tho now lyatem, and appear to glvu It their hearty «up|M)rt, agalnat the dondly oppoaltlon of the volunteer Are compank'*, who cnnmit hut tee that tho day of their tervicca U llxed — that their pet flre-enginea may hu put in gla*» cuae* n* relies of the puat, u* aoon aa they like. Inatead of a run out with their engine, and hreaklng aundry leg* und arm*— or turning out uf bed now and then to actual Area, they will bu alilo to apcnd their evenings iiioro pleiiauntly nnd profitably In tho mugnlAeent auloons nnd reiidlng-roonm of their mer- cantile lllirnriea, and aleep aound at night without giving theiiiHclves any trouble whoso property U on Are, aa tho Iron horse, will, cru long, clear all before him, and sotm drown out the biggest Are which hn* ever happened, in a lOOth [iiirl of tho tlmo It would take 00 volunteer Are-cnglnes, howovor ncnt and trim they may be. Iglimt y»t •!> i>( ilia luirM >|| wll>il'l* llf r«'H" rtr>! I'll- I'r lloiiti ami I'll Iha m>t\i\ iioiirnfiill), U ; wiirk »«>iti*- I'tli'iiii'ii I uimI iirKi'it liw/i to I'r" liiMik niul iiili'r v'" •'* In tliK iriif€>*, the tttirocU M iMII^Il III* ill< iini|>iaiiy with ni 'I " Niiii|ia- iiiii . KiHiil or t)ii ll« triiim- l(« I'ru'ciiiiiti'r luxiihcr «' nt » ' out of tlu'in. illll|( to Ml »(!■ I'll, tho tiKlitt liti'tl with tiro UK li'il to the with flru-cn- !<•», Imvc now it of (li'ntrue- ittfuin tlrc-cn- ndoptiiiK tho o|)|iuitltlon of vUu'i* U ilxt'd t wion an they mill amis — or :hi'ir t'vtnlni^a of tlii'lr mer- Iroiililn who«o il «oon drown It would tuke THE STEAM FIRE-ENGINE. 4> •n bo o « 5 S ^ : 2 8 ill *> o ; •"•9 ^ d a b u o u a m a 9 WINTER TIME— AMUSEMENTS AND SPOUTS. 59 pared during the turotner montht. At the weather deoreaiet la levtrlty, and ipring be- gini to open up, then the fnrnier gets hit leod into tlie ground, at toon at it it prepared, and although that may bo far on in the year, compared with tlie teed-tlm« of Great liritain, yet the teed it brought forward with extraordinary rapidity, arliing from the molnture the ground hat received, and the great heat of tlie tun, which then enables the farmer to turn hit attention to other things The farm produce brought into townt in winter, in the thape of poultry, etc., ore all frozen at hard at loa Itielf, and in that condition they keep a long time quite fresh, to that large quantities of tuch are brought in that itate, and kept in ice for moctht. When about to be utcd, all that i". ncccBsnry it to place them in cold water, which at once reduci them to a proper temperature for cooking. Winter time in America, therefore, is looked forward to, by almost every one, with very different feolingt from what many in Great Britain are apt to tuppose. In the months of November and December, generally, there it little of tht t raw, damp, cold, muggy weather, so mucli exjieriencod in all parts of Great Britain aiul Ireland. In- stead of that, the sun beams forth in all hit splendour, with, perhaps, a cold but dry and pure atmosphere, then termed the Indian summer part of the year, a .1.-^' more enjoyed than any other by strangers from Great Britain, i' I ;i i AMUSEUENTS AND SPORTS. If horse racing can boast of being one of England's greatest national sports, that of trot- ting matches with horses in harness, may be said to be one of the great sports of America, There is, however, no great day as a " Derby day" of such interest as that day is with Englishmen, when it sets aside the more important duties of business, and even parliament itself. True, the Americans have a greater holiday, because more universal, viz., the cele- bration of Independence day (4th July), but that is of a totaly different character, being one of jubilee and rejoicing. Last year, the turf appeared to be making a little more headway, and the steam is to be tried to be got up to a point in future, when the " fashion course" of New York is expect- ed, some day, to rival that of Doncaster, Epsom, or Goodwood. A popular expressed wish seems to be that some English blood horses should be brought over to try their metal on American soil, in return for the importation into England of " Prioress," and her com- patriots, on the English fidds of horse racing. If the Americans cannot boast of such races as those of England, their trotting matches, and trotting horses, are, in our opinion far ahead of any thing of that kind in Great Britain. To give the British reader an idea of how a horse is yoked, equipped, and driven in a trotting match, we give an illustration of one in full swing at fully " two forty." The machine drawn, is built very light, yet as strong as there is occasion for, with seat only sufficient for the driver. It will be seen that the horse is attired in a very light suit of harness, which, with the machine, or " buggy," presents a very slim appearance. Those horses, generally, have a peculiar gait, called " racking," hence they are called " rackers," or " pacing horses." The " racking," or trotting motion of the horse, is not the throwing of the body and legs of the animal straightforward, but a sort of rolling about motion, and, when going slowly, partakes of the appearance of a fast walk and a slow trot combined. It is a peculiar motion, and not a handsome action of the horse, according to our ideas. On the saddle, however, we are told that the motion is particularly easy for the rider, and that many lady equestrians prefer a good " pacer," or " racker," to any oflier sort of horse, on that account. It is the ambition of many who keep horses, to be able to boast of how few minutes they will take to trot one mile. Those who can trot 1 mile in 2 minutes and 40 seconds ore considered up to the mark os " fast" horses. From this has arisen the common remark of " 2.40," when applied to any thing which is done fast Thus they have 2.40 men, 2.40 TU(»rnN<» MATCIIKS -lUU.IAUDH ANI> CIIKHS. it o t 03 u -1 i5 woiiir'ii, 'J. 41) MmiiiliiiHli*, U.'lo woi'kiiii-ii, ntiiiif n* tliiTo nr<< tt, |o ImrM**, ami If w« rmi ti« lli>vi' mill ciiiiii I liliiu III KukIhikI, It U tliut ull AiiktIi'II, t-vrry IIiIiikIii It, niiii wliluli U doiiii III It, U 'lAw, 'riii'Hi-lri>ttlnHiiiMtiit>rully, iiiiiioUliif iiiiitiilii>itofiiiii>, two, nr foiirlmriioii, ntiilitrpjiiiit a* t'Xi'llliiK III lhi> Aiiii'i'lt'iiti, ii>« II liiimi' niri', wlicii rlilili'ii liy Jockit'*, U to nil KiikH'Iiiumk- Till' titiKt I'lir tmltliiK N mmii'lliiirN 't.'.W, iiml -l.W'i fur I nilli'. Tint lii't'i'il of liiii'Mi'it I'liiiitlili'rril till' Im'kI IriilliTN, iiri' I'lilli'il llin Morgiin liri'<«l, wllli I>Ik> iiiiM'i-iiily lii'itiU) mill ai'K liirKu Imiiu'iI, uml Iniii^ II;iiIhii| Iioi-ki'ii, 'I'licy tmt iiIoiik nt n ffnr- fiil |Mi<'«, iitiil (IN tliry iMtm, yiiii itri' ii|it to rxpiTt to m>i> I|ii> wIiiiIo iiini-liliiu lly Into u tlniit' Mtiiil |ili'i>i<* If It wmk n fi'iitlirr nt tlii< tail of IImi liorMi, tlitt ilrlvor Kl><r will liii Ni'i'ii liolillii(( IiIn iiriiiii vit kki'IIimI In the Kamn thity iiru pliiyliiK. A« iIi'Ivith, wh kIiouIiI \m Inrlliu'il to Kay, tliii Aiiii'ricaim, an ii |ii'ii|ili>, linvi* no Hii|ii'rliir, If any i-i|ual, In llm world. Winn llttln lioyw, anil ahht to liojij \\w rilim, thoy will lio m'l'U Htiii'k In liitwiin tlin knri>H of tlix |iiiri'nt, and driving aloiiK with \irt'\\\, vx- |Kfi in Kivlii)( li'NHoiiH, with niatiy cxci'lii'iit ri'iiHoiiH why It Nhoiild l>» iiior« |irin'tlNi!d liy ladh-N than it In, I'i'h'kct In not vn|;n((ry iiiiu'h playiHl. Tint ^rciit paNtinu'N — a* k'^iuon or ■inuMitntlier it ajipeara an «>xceedlngly well- cunducted eHtJihilHliment, In America, tlic playing of hllliardit Ib rendered more reNpcota- Ide than it in i'l Kngland. If it In right for billiardN to hn played in hoteU and uluh-hoUHCH, and thcru conducted reapectahly — the giinie liaK extended ItHclf unuingHt thu people, and forniH one of the great cHt enjoy menlN of city life after hiisincHH lioiirH — and from all we could Bco and hear of it, throughout the country, it is conducted aft ono of tiio refipectahlu and healthy rccreationii of the people — hut, of course, like every tiling eluu, liahlo to ahune. There is not a young man Ncareely to he met witli, hut who underiitandH the game, and wlin van play at biiiiardH. The apartiiientH of billiard rooniN are generally largu footnH or hulla —well ventilated and comfortably fitted up, both for thu looker on and the player. In thu autumn, or " fall," muat bo mentioned tho " target exciirsiond," a« they may bo termed — ulthoiigli an aniUHcment of a decidedly ]iractie,ai cliaractcr. From about tlie cum- nienccinont of October, up till the end uf November, never a day pastes almost but what DKOKNKHACV OF TIIK AMKKICAX I'KUI'LK. y ft imftll reKltncnt of tlio Pinploycct of notno Urgo roAnnfiioturln({ or cnrninorplnl lolnlilUh- mant will b« lottn |»r«(l Ity un excellent ImtM hand, witli Invui'Ulily n coloiirod •ttonilAnteiirryinKtIiu targut In tli« rear, and tliu Invited gu o»l scarry I n){ the K»ld or silver •rtlolei •■ prlivt, which itrv to be shot for — tlioM going nRsreit the biill'i eye obtaining priiee reopeollvcly for their iklll. i'artiet of thit iort, are to be Men numbering from fifty to hundrutlt, depending upon the itie of the eitablUhmont or aMocintlon. In general, tliuy are all neatly droMod in uniform, and with their nuukwt* — with fixed bayoneti, thoulder high, preieut a decidedly military appearance. I'rovioua, however, to their going out on luch exourtiont, they are regularly drilled in the uio of fire-armn by a military offiulnl, and the target excur*ion may be uid to be the review day — when each U called upon to nttei't hii proficiency in the art of handling a munlcvt, and in being o good nmrktman. They •tart oir in the morning and spend the day In thit monner, dine at some appointed houte, where dinner haa been prepared for them, and return home In the evening. In this way are the great majority of the mala population proficient, to a certain extent, tn the art of war — to that In caie of emergency, an Immenie force of citizen loldicry cao ba calculated upon. THE DEGENERACY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. ca, w| tain. Amonost the many popular errors entertained In Dreat Britain respecting America and the American people, we find we must Include that which has been promulgated In certain quart'^'s, as to the decay or degeneracy of the Americans, tn their physical atrength and condition as a people. We confess that until we had visited the country, we wore some- what of a slmlTar opinion. From what we Imvo seen of the people, however, over a wide extent of country, we are led to a different conclusion. We think the error has crept Into British minds from the fact, that almost the only op- portunity they have of judging of the Amcrienn people, Is from what they see of them In the samples of Americans who visit Great Urilaln — as merchants, bankers, dry goods or hardware storekeepers — as buyers or sellers. There is no other opportunity of judging of them otherwise, excepting by coming over and travelling through different districts of the country. To take, therefore, the sample of Americans from the close, confined counting- houses of New York or Boston, as fair samples of a whole people, covering such a conti- nent as this, is, we think, hasty and erroneous As well. In our opluion, may we take the people of such as Hampshire, In the south of England, and declare that they are fair sam- ples of the British people — when the size of their heads and breadth between their shoul- ders has only to be compared with those of the natives of Aberdeenshire, (Scotland,) or as a whole, with the stalwart Highlanders of Scotland, or the natives of Cumberland, (Eog.) to see the difference. Just as well, also, may we say that tbo hard-worked entry-desk clerk In a dry-goods warehouse in Wood street, or a banker's clerk in Lombard street, London, with their bleached faceti aud slender forms, are fair samples of, and the very personification of John Bull himself. We cannot take, therefore, the commercial classes of the Now England States or New York, and say that they are fair samples of the American people — whilst It Is well known that the tall, big-boned native of Kentucky exhibits as great a difference from such, as there Is in the cases we have cited as regards the British. If we are to take the descendants of Eu- ropeans as comprising the population of America —and we cannot do otherwise, as we are not treating of the aborigines of America — we ask, do the hundreds of thousands of the children of Germans, who form so large a portion of the population of America, look like a people running to decay ? Or, again, do the hardy sons of Scotland, scottcred all over America and Canada, bear out the truth of such a conclusion ? We are aware that there are local causes — such as fever and ague — and that the extreme heat and cold has an ener- vaUng effect for a time on the constitution ; but with proper care, and avoiding the causes DKOENKRAOY OF THE AMEKIOAN PEOIM.K. ii : i of inch local (lUmiKt, tlis contlltullun of tha Ruropmn ilumU a* hi>nltliy now, iiixlvr th« |)iir«r iitiiioa|ih<'r« of Anirrlcn, than ovvr It did amid, wu think, tliu ttlll inor« tryhig oil- nmta o( Un-at lirltaln, wIh'H tiik<'U oi n wliol*. W« may l)u UK't with thu ri'iii«rk, that Iho American people do not look no frfnh and hcolthy-looklntt, and m> fat n* thoin who enjoy the routt hccf of old England, with their " (tout" and beer uftcr dinner to their licartu' content. All wo van my ii, that both In Canada, and the northern ond weitern Htatcn of Ameri- ca, wa have found ai freih and liculthy-looklnK, and at »tron(( men ai ever we met In Bri- tain. We win admit, however, that the rooy colour on the cherrENTI()X(l. gnino* wlior«TDr pr*(«tliU, aikI whotvnr wUn«Mi«il ilia HcnttUh kaidm h«l(l lii Joni>«'« WixhI, N«w York, !«■( H«|it<>nil)«r, will my, llicy nowr mw th« " culx-r tiMuoil" ur lli« " lllKlilnixl flInK" (luiioril, or th« "|iiiU|i)K nf tlm •loiia," •>xi>i>iit«* witro ttnoour- •)(«d «nd lndulK«d In, ■«> »« to lnl|>^>v« th)>lr phydciil itrougtli, lu that r«t|i«ii't, huwuvur, w« b«IUv« thty ar* quit* aUv« to thu lni|K>rl«no« of tuoh. DECLARATION OF INTENTIONS. Tui emlgmnt who arrlvat In the United Htatca with tho vUw of bccomlnff • pcmmn«nt •ottlcr, and who wltliti* to enjoy all the prlvlle|{«» of native-born oltlieni, mutt go through the form of what U called the " Declaration of Intention*," ai well a* bo a retldcnt In the oountry for fi yeare. The law requlrot luoh, before a vote at election* I* extended to for- eigner*— and alto to entitle them to bequeath real eitate pr<>|Ny tli* Mtli uf twi) I'ltUiin* of tliD I'liltcil HUU«, thiit lio liiti lifi'ti r>'>ti|i'nt fur tivi' ynr*, uiiti uu* jrmr within th« Htat« whcrti thu rourt U lit'hl, liofiiro hi< tfnU liU nittiiritliiuillon |>«|>«n. Wn quutu Ui« followlu|t ■• wliiit k|>|i«Br« Ui b« lh« Inw ou ihti xilijfct; — " If hi> >mv« )ipf>n A minor, itnd In thx Fnltcil Stntc* for thrrit yourt n'lt lirforA nttnlnlnt; liU mnjorlty, hi< tnny Im minilttiMl «ltliont mich
  • i>1iiriition, on |irtiv- InK liy two wltncMu* tlmt lix Iim r**iil*, thrt'i< •• • minor •nit two ilntiti Uf ln'cnniii of uk<', nmkInK tliu lU'oUrutlun of liU Inlunllon Ht tlii> tinitt of hU AclnilHkon, nnil tJi'i'litrhiK on iNitli, ami nrovlnif to iIik rutUfufllon of the I'luirt, tliitt fur tlirt'K y«nrK ni'xt |)rt>i'i>illn(( It liiu lii'i(. " If an allon iHm after havInK nmilu hU duclaratlon of Intention, and bvfurc lilt adrolMlon, hli widow and chlldrun aro fillxcn*. "Thu minor chlldrun uf any onn duly naturallit'd. If dwelling In the Unltud HiatM, ar« citizen*. " A foreinn married woman cannot hold property In her own name, unleM the be nntural- lied, though ihti may after uaturullattlun hold It •epurnte and dUtinit from hrr huibund." The fee fur obtaining the " uaturnllattlon |)oper*" U SO ccnta, 10 cent*, or |t ('l». 8j. or 4«.) oeeording to tho ttylo of thu getting up bf the document, ond ornumentul printing uf Mid puper*. Whatever may have been the reason whk'h led to tho adoption of luch a low, before n foreigner could hold a legal title to real oitate, we ihould luppote that tho looner It U wiped (Vom off the itatutu book of tho United Htutut the better, a«, ho bing ns It exUti aa It U, It preient* no additional Inducement for lettlen to l)ecome pureluuen of real vitnte In the country, whlUt they nru not placed on a footing of e<|uallty with other purehasort, •Imply becuuRu they happen not to have been S year* In the country. We have no doubt thl« law will be repealed ere long. In fact, thu lubject I* beginning to be " ventllutud," f^om on article we ubacrvod lu the New York Daitjf Timts of IHth Sep- tember lait, In which tho editor soy*: — " The utotute* In quoitlon are not required by any coniildorutlon* of public utility, and are founded uimn thu obsolete muxim* uf a by-gone uge. Why should It be necessary that on alien should tilu with thu Hecretary of Statu a declaration of his Intention to be natu- ralized, beforo he can bo authorized to take and hold real CAtnte 1 Until nuch declaration Is fileU, lii nMiiy r**|)»i'U, th« iimI, eUttii, Aiiil il' niiitrarniiofl of u wril r<>|{iiliil*li limiai*, Thi< hou'M of tlid ii|i|it>r vUhi'* Arii fiiriil'ln'il In • My In nf Krv«t miiKnlllttfni'o, |iArilaa- Uriy »» rt-Kitnl* fiirnltur« — It IhIiik unWtrMilly iniiuli rli<>ii|ii, llio fninlly rrllrn down •tttlr* to tlii> illiilnK-riN)in — Kcncritlly a pUinly fiirnl»lii'i| ii|iiir'ilnlr«. Aftor nirnU tlii>y ri'tlr«t iit oiu<« up •liiirn, nml u<« lli<> •liilnK- rooin, iMirloiir, or ilrAwlnt'-riMtni and lllirary, a* llipy fcwl lncllii<<>l. It \» iImi miiiki aft«r • wry ini'al. In very ■niiill liou*'*, I'von, tlui lninal<'« tnkv tlii>lr iiii'aU, irvni'riilly, on th« Kroniiilrtoor nUo, nml tit In a rl<'* and broad, unknown In (iri'iit Hrltain, for I'xuinpli' t — At brcakfiut and luppcr tliu Indian corn form* an oxccllvnt and fuvourltn bread, like •pouKo I'uku in appt'uronco, iii very *ubRtanllal, and allowed to b«> nutrition*. It I* alwi linked into " pano»ki!»" — called " Indian corn cake*" — which, with the " liuekwheiii eiike*" Imked in the namu manner, aro evidently enjoyed, from tliii enormou* coimumptlon there It (if them, at nil breakfast and teutablu*, a* they uro ivrved up, plute after plate, piping hot. They ar« u«vd alon){ with butt^-r and ((oldun lyrup, and are baked a* light a* pn«*lb!«. A brcttkfaat or tea-table hero, I* con»idcr«d (piltu u« inuompleto without it* buckwiieat, or In- dian corn cake*, a* a Scotch t>'a-lablu would be, without lit Jam*, Julllea, ur inariintlade. There aro only three meaU u day — breukfn*t, about 7 to H, a. m. ; . m. He« our notlca of hotel* In America, for an Idea what brcakfait and »upper coniUt of, which I* n fair Mitnplo of an American table generally. A* we have ttated eltewhure, the almott Invariable beveroge appear* to bo cold water, with the addition of t«m ur coffee being (upplled at dinner. In the great majority of private houie*. From the abundance of variou* deccrlptlon* of fruits, the dct*ort*, at the humblest dinnor- table*, are *uch os are unknown In Great llrltnin, excepting at the dinner-tubloa of tiM wealthy ola*8e*. Even at tho table* of the working claMic* here, wo have aeen inngntflcent •pplea, peache*. grupea, watermelon*, miitkmcloni, etc., which ore hud moat aeaxoni*, ctwi- puratlvely Rpeaklng, for nothing; whiUt the cranberrlet, whortleberrlea, punipklnn, tinnrii- blebcrrle*, blackberries, currants, citron*, etc., afford excellent material, and nai*Ut to imuke up the imnienae variety of pie* which uro to be seen on every dinner niid aupper-tabli'. We may here remark, that. In other reapect*, the tables of the working elnaaea, m u gen- eral rule, are furnUhed in a manner enjoyed only by the very bust paid workmen iu(ireat Britain. In tho country towns, almost all classes own the houses thoy reside In, It being the ambi- tion of every working-man even, to havo a house ho con literoUy call his own, oncl where, with o piece of ground attached, ho con raise his own vegetobles, fruits, ond flowont. For that reason, one docs not hear renli spoken about, so much In America as in (Sreat Hrltain. The houses, for tho most part, excepting in the largo cities, arc built of wood, jind al- though to a Btrnnger, acc\iatomcd to sco the substantial stone houses In Hcotlaiid, or briek bouses In England, tho wooden houses may not appear so comfortable, yet they con be Diado equally as comfortable as any stone house. The almost universal fuel in America, is wood. Parties supply wood as they do cooU Iti Urn a li •t*« AMCKiCAN iioinnw, AND iintmimot.n ArrAiRN. It U Mippll*— l.ui rr.|nlrlnK • nuin I.. r(iii|i It up ln»e. ih« pn>p«f UnKth for um In th« •Imiwt unlv«r*«l Hrn |>l*i>i— tli« •iii«»— whW'li ariU'l* »ei» ih.. |Niri »t • kllohan rnn(* m «•!!, In y»ry <<<>ni|>«at fortn. «• wllh It y«ii van Uk*. I«»ll, fii«»l. ami •Uw, all at una llm». Hl<>v»« ar« mail« all •1«h«, ami wiM with «iii|ilrta, In ••.i?i« of tho larK« rlllr ||i« ■.■«l>.>ar.|, •m>li a* N«w Y.>rk an.l l'lillalila, .oal la UM«I to a lari{« mlvnt, an>l la ln>ii»iiMi|.t|(in. It I* i.f a vrry lianl, l>rl«tU natiiro, ami c. tlon of coal, nor almoat any fW.rn lh« wikhI iimxI— «i that It U on* uf thf thlnif* whli«h •trik** th* MranKcr, on vUilInK Ami-rlian I'ltlt*, to llml thu alm<>«|ihrr« of all a* lUnr and purn aa If llmra w«ri> not a Urn ImrnlnK In a •InuU hoiuo. Katliir a ill(r<'rriii'i> ilil<, fr»m Iha murky atnio*|)h»r« of lunh n* Hhrltlchl, lllrnilnKhain, l^inntlon. that In Nnw York, tli* Mfod-h «y«li*m of liiillillnff honx* In f1opl« aiipcarint; to prvfrr th« iniall, " lolf ronlalni')!" hoiiMt, whora thry ran propurn tlu'in. Thfl pri'Muro of tha i\n\t», during tha laat IM month*, lia* poinpi>ll<'lr houica, Ity (uh'Uttlnif tha upper portion of thrm, <'llh*r furniah«rrnnt, here, I* not nlway* the upcedy, cleanly, and lildiilde KC'Hewonian to lie found In Kii|{lnnd orHcoilnnd. There U lo much litnornnce and unit imlnx hnliila on tha part of tha vimt proportion of Imported x-rvant*, that fiimllie* are olillKcd to li« »lda to «Hlit thcmiielvv* whan led In the lurch by any tuddcn whitn of temper or taatis on the I)ort of their " help." Wo And that the Amprlcnn Indie* are not onlyj((MNl, hut quick worker*, IhrowInK all that ncrvoUH enrrgy of character tliuy aro |H)*«eMed of Into their work, to ^ot donu with It a* Kpeedily a* po**lldn; «o that whether It lio ot iweepinK out a room, MpiariuK up a bed- ruoni, or ciH)kiiii; a meal, wo havo found them "«mart"at their work. It U not In thn naturu of an American Indy, no tnoru than ItU In on American K<'»tleman, to do any thing ■low. No doubt, American latlle* can take their ea*o, and enjoy a re«t on a *ofa, or on ona of their en*y rocking chalr»^{>artloularly on n hot day, with the mercury loii" in tha ■hade — a* well a* any other lady. A^aln, In the matter of enrly rialni^, the American IndlcR, In our opinion, put many Hrittah Indlc* completely to thn liluah, In that reapict. What would lome of our EuKliah or Scotch ladlea think of K«ttinK up at 4 or Q, a. m., In the Rummcr acaaon, and go\ng to nmrki^ then T Thit I* neceaaary both In Canada and tho United Kttttca, ai, If delayed much lont{er, there would be no butcher'* meat to bu had long after thc*o hour*. Aa wo have aald, In tho fainllin^ of merchant*, manufacturer*, etc., tha daughter* are taught to work In good enrncat, and *ome of the little gIrU of H and 10 yeora old will bo found qulto ai iinart >■ tho boyt of thoto ycor^ aro generally aoVnowledgod to be. Ijidle* who board at hotel* arc, pcrhapa, tho only exception to what wo havo ttated. Tlifl lady who i* a permonent boarder at a hotel ho», of courao, nothing to do with the cnre« and work of houackccping, but, ton chance* to one. If even aho doc» not know how thlnga ought to be done, although alio I* not obliged to do them. All fnmlllea try to do with a* few acrvnnta as poanlble, preferring, In many caics, to do without extra agaUtoncc, rather than jmy high wage* for very indifferent and troublesome " help." Wo may here mention that many Americon ladle* oro to be found engaged in buelno««, •uuh a* the inudlcal and literary ])rofc**lon«, more particularly In connection wllh the l,.t ..^■' y*' f V Vv ■^^' i ^ tt EXPENSES OF HOUSEKEEPING. 1^ provinultti newnpaper pre**, m well a* writing fur inflgozinca, piundent of aui«t- ance from thvlr parent* in paying for the iiiperior «tyle aur dos Vij/a 871 Pino Apples, per doz 2.1 a l.no Pine Apples, each 8 a IS Coacoanutii, per 100 2.00 a 8.25 CoBcoanuts, per dox 81 a SO Figs, per box 60 a — Figs, per ib 10 a — Dates, per lb 10 a — ots. Ruiiins, per lb 10 a 12 Raisins, Dunch, per box 2.00 /; 2.60 Currants, per Ib 10 a 12 Preserved Uiuger, purjar, about elbs 1.00a — Oreon Oinser, per lb 26 a — Oranges (Havana) per dos 62^ a. $1-00 Dairt Produob, Eoos, etc., sells as follows : — Cheese, new, per lb. Butter, State, by the tub, per Ib. Butter, State, per Ib Butter, Orange Co., per lb Butter, Orange Co., oy the pail, per Ib Butter, Ohio, per Ib 18 a 24cts. 26 a 25 20 a 28 lea — 16 a 22 F Eggs, seven for Eggs, ttileen for eall 12 a — 26 a- Eggs, sixty-four for $1.00 a — muey, pure northern, per bottle. 60 a 75 Milk. — Skimmed milk is seldom used by any one. Although a considerable quantity of / ' milk is sold, known as distillery milk — (obtained from cows fed upon distillery slops) — the very finest milk is retailed through the cities, in carts, at 6 cents (8(7.) per quart BuoAR, lump, 10 to 12 cents {6d. to 6d.) per lb. Brown, 6 to 9 cents (Sd. to Hd.) per lb. CorrKE, roasted and ground, from to 18 cents, (4^ to 9d.) stg. per lb. Tea. — ^There being no duty on tea as in Britain, excellent tea can be bought for 60 centt> (2«. stg.) per lb., although it is sold lower and higlier than that. The foregoing prices quoted, ore the retail prices. For every cent reckon one-halfpenny. Thr 'i£(es paid for all descriptions of servants are very high, it being one of the great oharc! ' "1 if the country, that every description of labour is well paid, and even the huD" > X foman shares in the receipt of good pay, compared with what is paid to such in . kiii. In New York, such women receive 76 cts, to $1 (3«. to 4«. stg.) per day, with meals, for 10 hours' work. Giving out clothes to be washed costs, on the average, 60 cents, (2s. stg.) per dozen, and if ironed or got up, 76 cents to $1, (3«. to 4s, stg.) per dozen. Domestic servants are paid good wages, and although really good servants are scarce, very ordinary " helps" are paid from JE12 to £20 per annum. Servants in America, for the most part, are either Irish or Oerman, and we can assure ladies at home, that the " greatest plagues in life" are as abundant in America as anywhere, as on arrival here, girls who would be very civil and thankful to get £4 per annum in Ireland, will be found not over clever, tidy, or tractable, when receiving $60 to $76 (£12 or £16) per annum. After Irish girls have been in the country for some time, tlTey improve considerably — their ideas of themselves, and the wages they ought to receive, expanding likewise. Servants are employed differently, in some respects, from what they oi-e in Greot Britain ; for example, in first-class houses no laundresses are kept. The tnble and bed linen is washed by the cook, on a particular day, and the body clothes are washed by the maid of all work and housemaid on another day, of the same, or following week. i.\' il ^ i./- It -4 f PROFESSIONAL MEN IN AMERICA. Ix the course of our travels through the United States and C ".nada, we were led to make an inquiry, as to the position which professional men occupied, and the remuneration paid to them. Ti)e answer to our first enquiry so surprised us, that, from curiosity — and also to ascer- tain if the answer to our first inquiry was general — we made further notes as we went along, on the same subject. As a few of these may prove interesting to many in Great Britain, we annex them for general information — young men in the learned professions there being, in many cases, as ignorant concerning matters in America, as many of their less educated brethren are. As stated elsewhere, men engaged in some of the professions, find it absolutely necessa- ry to eke out an existence by acting the part of postmaster, reeve, general storekeeper, and magistrate. Tliis applies more particularly to medical men. Fortunately for such, it 4- 7» CLRROYMEN IN AMGKICA. \<> J>^. / In not ertiioMored, In riinatln, or In onuntry dUtrlotn in flui Uiiltod Htntet, infra dig, for them to oxerclno tl»«'lr ahllltlcf out of tlie rugulur p«th of mirnory, nml nipiirdnf, «to., etc. Clergyman, from tholr poiltlon, nnd tlio ein)iiirt(o which hni l>o«n luiil upon them In that reipeot, nro left to oxiTcUe their nlilllly In their own pnrtlculnr sphere, <1epondlng for their reniuneriitlon upon their talent, an<), to »ome extent, uporn ehieli* and winnn ding," and fact* and figures, moreover, hear out the assertion of our friend's observation and experience regarding the prineipal professions, " The Clergy Ueserve," as the grants of land originally appropriated liy the Provincial Government for the support of the clergy of the Established Church of Knglnnd and Scot- land, as well ai« of the Roman Catholic Church, were called, have been commuted ; that is to say, the lands have been sold, and the proceeds have been invested in lands, the Interest yielded by which is managed and administered by the several churches for the support, or, rather supplement of the clergy connected with them; and, of course, every addition to their numbers, reduces the general dlvldei.d. We cannot, therefore, vouch for the cxoct stipend paid to the clergy, either of the Established Churches of England ond l^otlond, or of the Koman Catholic Church. Tlie salaries of the Presbyterian ministers, except In large cities where they rise to £500, range from £100 to £180 stg. As for the jialtry pit- tance paid t«> Methodist ministers — unless we are misinformed — £30, in addition to his board In the house of some family where he Is temporarily located. Is doled out to " a young man without any encumbrances," and £S0 to the man who carries, like Peter, " a wife, a sis- ter," along with him In his Itinerancy, with the addition of a consideration for every child in his family. From published documents we find that the entire stntf of clergymen of all denomina- tions In Canada, numbers somewhere about 2,270. Composed of as follows : — Episcopal Church, 800 ; Roman Catholic Church, between 700 and 800 ; Establlshc 1 Cliurch of Hcot- lond, 00 ; Free Church of Scotland, 160 ; United Presbyterian Church, 80 ; Wesleyan, New Connexion, Episcopal and Primitive Methodists, 000; Congregational, 70; Baptist, 180. " Tlie pastoral tie Is a very brittle one, In Canada, as well as In the United States," Is a clerical, as well as a common remork. When a congregation hear u popular minister, a meeting Is summoned, a vote taken, and If he offers no objeetlon to the salary, board is provided instanter, and the Presbytery is requested to proceed with his ordination or intro- duction without delay. The process of dismission Is equally summary. If ho has dared to attack some social vice, or gWon offence, no matter how, to the " sovereign people," a meeting Is colled, the resolution passed thot Mr. ^"s services are no longer required, and he Is accordingly, nolens volens, cashiered. Greater attention, it Is true. Is paid to ec- clesiastical forms amongst the presbyterians in Canada, but demissions nre very frequent, ond perpetual change Is the law that holds almost unlvcrsallj', which canr^t excite sur- prise to those who ore aware that o congregational " promise to pay" of £100, to tlie min- ister, on his settlement, very often dwindles down to three-quarters, or one-half of the stipulated sum before the end of the year. " Why don't the clergy remind the people of their duty T an old country clergyman would sny. What do our readers suppose would be the reply when thus appealed to, to remind the " sovereign people" of tlieir duty ? " Have you the impertinence to tell me to my face. In my own house, tliat I have not kept my word T roared out one of their number, to a minister of the gospel, when the subject •was complained of by o hard-working minister. " Walk out, sir I" and suiting the action to the word, he tlirew open the door. " Walk out, sir ! my house is my castle, and I won't submit to be called a liar in mj* own house. Walk out, sir! you won't long remain in connection with the church, I guess, if you try that tack 1 Walk out, sir !" We must confess wo were more astonished with the answer the honest minister got, than he wosi. Talking on ecclesiostical matters one day, a friend said, " The Associate Reformed Congre- PKUFES8IONAL MKN IN AMUUICA. 71 KAtlnn at ^——— wUhed to vhrdko the *«rvici>i of tho R«v. Mr. , who hod dMiiiltfd liiH 'iiir|{u in voiiiivvliiiii with tliu Uiiltud I'rvibytvrian Church, but thuy cuuld not voiiiu to tcr iifi, iiiid ho ultinintHy luft hi* own body nnd accepted tlic offer of tlie oon){rt'({«Uon in coiuu-clion with tliu Eittitl)llBlied Cliuruh of Scotland ut , wh'Ta ho In ttlil ex- erclittnK tlic functlonit of the nilniHtry." Tliut wui by no mean* • Hingular inNtunce of a dl»m>ntliiK ulurftyman conncutinit hIniMulf oitlier witli tli« K«tal)liNhed ('hurch of England, or Sculluud, botli of wlilcli liold out tho inducement, if not u permanent ondownient at leant, of tho bait of a toluraldo tupplenient to llie (tlpond offered bv tho i-onKre({utlon, AKiiin we were ({■''^vely aMured that you may bid " Kuod-byu" to your clerical I'l ieiid, • plain IVeHbyterian, and ithake handit with him on your return, hatted, gowned, andapnm- ed, a* a |Kinipous liiidiop in full eanonloaU, The atory gouit that a Hcutch clergyman, who hud undcrgoiiu the abovo transformation, met hi* old friend — another Hcotehmaii — a I'rea- byteriun worthy, in the street, laid Ilia hand upon tho lapel of his coat, and remarked that it was rather buro for a Doctor to wear, upon which tho IVcHliyterian took up tho corner of the Itishop's apron, and twirling It in his Angers, responded, " Very true, Johnny, man ; but I wadna null my mul fur a dadle I" (Hcottico for an apron). From this it would ap- pear that tho new world of Her Majesty's dominions has not escaped tho tainted touch of degrading simony. Huch being the ccelewiitstical condition of Canada, tho legal and medical professions, frequently, hold out the fairest proHpects of remuneration and success, and sufficiently co- uounts for tho fact that numbers of young men who havo studied for tho church, have ul- timately betaken themselvea to tho study of law, medicine, or tho practice of teaching iu the common or grammar suliotds of tlie province, BurriHter's fees aro no less in Canada than in (Sreut liritain, and tho medical tariff is prodigiously high ; consequently, med- ical men sometimes realize fortunes. It is said that tho people arc notorious for suing each otiicr on tho mo«t trifling occasions, and if one may Judge from tho space allotted to putfing quack medicines — all of them, of course, " Infallible Remedies" for "all tho ills that flexh is heir to" — in the provincial pa|>erB, John Bull, junior, appears to bo as gullible aa hit portly pupa in the old country. The same renuirks apply, in a great measure, with regard to professional men in the United States, It was oidy in liecember last we met with an instance, where a clergyman, in connection with a l'resl)yteritn Church, in Brooklyn, New York, had commenced to 8uc (for l)alanco of salary) the managers of the congregation, who had dismissed liim with- out assigning any particular reason. From a statement published sonio time ago, it appears that the salaries of some clergy- men in tlie United States (such as Rev, II, W. Bceelier, and Rev, Dr, Clmpin, of Now York,) roacli as mucli or f 6000 (£1000 stg,) per annum — and be it observed, on the " voluntary" principle — a proof that clergymen of sterling ability ar. as much appreciated, and as well paid by tho people in tiie United States, as any other quarter of the globe. Medical men in cities in the States realize largo incomes, from the high fees tliey charge. Wo have met several surgeons, who have been practitioners in England and Scotland, and who have great renfon to bo oittisfied in having transferred their services to th<3 United States, They are unanimous in announcing — much better fees, and fewer bad debts,, than they were accustomed to in Great Britain, 74 XDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF AMERICA. "• Look into the face of every child you meet with from Mnlne to Florltln, or from New Yorli tu Ban Franolico, for aught yuu linow you may be ^«zing upon the president of the United State* in embrya To be lure, it may be only u|>on the future governor of • ilngU Bt4te. lie that •• it may, the child it father of the man, and the American people are oa fkilly ooniciou* of the fact, ai they are aware that the dlflTuaion of general knowledge li th« •ole preparative for the proper eserciie of the rightu, ai well ae the performance of the dutiea of citlienship. And thoroughly determined at they are to perpetuate their politioal Inttltutlont to latett potterity, they have retolved to cttal-lith a Ryitem of common tcliooi education, well calculated to accomplish their noble and national purpote ; a brief outline of which Is all that we can pretend to furnish within our narrow limits Take the Consti- tution of any State you please, you will find that it embodies an enunciation of the advan- tages and objects of education — provitlon for tuitable school accommodation and furniture, at well OS for the support of the teachers, the expenses of which nre defrayed by revcnuoa derived f^om lands appropriated for school pur|H>seB, and general taxation ; and the devolution of the general management upon a committee of gentlemen elected by the people. We can only point to the importance attached to the Rvlection of a healthy «•<« for the school-room to the attention paid to ventilation, temperature, ond lighting ; to the wisdom displayed in the classification of pupils, and in their courses of study, as well as in thQ regulations of ■ebools and committees, and must, thereforv, refer the reader to the numerous volumes, reports, and blue books professedly published to dilfuse general information regarding the management of the educational institutions of America. There is a regular gradation of schools — primary, intermediate, grai. lar, and high schools — through which the pupil passes during the course of instruction, preliminary and preparatory, to matriculation in the college. When a child arrives at 4 years of age, he cnn obtain admission into the primary schools, which are generally taught by ladies, a class uf teachers who " are considered by the peo- ple," as Miss Bremer correctly remarks in her " Homes of the New World," " as more skil- tul than men in the training of early youth," tni'- receive a remuneration ranging from 300 to 600 dollars per annum. If pupils have been detained by sickliness, delicate health, or by the negligence of parents, and other causes, from attendance at the primory schools for a length of time, they are sent to the " intermediate" schools, from both of which they are drafted on the report of satisfactory progress, nt 1 years of age, into the "grammar'' sohoolii, where they remain under the tuition of a master, and a male and female assistant — if boys — until they are 14; and, if girls, until they have reached their 16th year. Lastly, the " high" schools are provided for the instruction of those who have undergone a creditable examination, and aspire to matriculation in the college ; to whose character Sir Charles Lyell bears the following high testimony : — " The high schools of Boston, supported by th^ State," says he, in his " Second Visit to the United States," " are now so well managed, that tome of my friends, who would have grudged no expense to engage for their sons the best instruction, aend their boys to them, as superior to any of the private eetablishmenta aupportcd by the rich at great cost." " I was surprised to find," is whe statement of the Hon. Mr. Baxter, M. P. for Dundee, " that the masters of the Latin and English High Schools in Boston, get each $2400 a year, or only $100 less than the Governor of tlie State." In New York, also, we have met with gentlemen largely engaged in mercantile and manufocturinK; operations, who prefer sending their children to the common schools of the city — free, although they are — feeling convinced of their superiority to any private acade- mies they are acquainted with. The enormous sum of £5,000,000 sterling has been contributed by voluntary taxation for educational purposes alone throughout the United States. According to a late account 20 schools of law, 40 schools of medicine, and no fewer than 200 universities, with 12,000 matriculated students, and "TOO public libraries, containing 2,600,000 volumes, have been eetablished throughout the Union. EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 75 A rtnnger, on vlilting one of the puhllo ichooU In any of th« lurga citloi, citnnot but b« itruck with th« exu«lleno« of th« arrangement! tnd tyitem generally adopted. In the elttM-roomi of theie tnttltutlont will be found the nioit complete attention on the part of nil, the order and decorum, In all their morenienti, b^'ng equal In preoUlon to that of • well-drilled regiment, ai each little male and femakt. pupil morchct out or In, In regular file, to tlie lourid of the piano, played by another young pupil of 8 or 10 yenn of ago. There, Initructlon U made, at far a* poMible, a pleasure Inttead of a taik, whllit It li of • character which the mott faitidloui could not but appreciate. We can attest to th« lupcrlorlty of the method by which Information U conveyed, having heard icholnrt of 8 or 10 yean of age onewering queetlont. In mental calcuhitiont, wliich would put thouundi of tndivlduali, three timet their age, to the blush In answering. Specimens of writing and drawing, also, we have seen equally surprising. Whilst iuch an excellent education Is afforded to all, flree. It must not be supposed that no interest Is taken whether scholara attend regularly or not. If o.ie should happen to b« absent a single morning, a messenger U dispatched to the residence of the pupil to ascer- tain the cause fur non-attendance, whilst equal strlotnese Is observable in the puplla' punctual attendance at the proper hours. The foregoing remarks apply to the common or public schools of the United States. la Canada t)ie common schools are similarly conducted, and also free, so that education la brought to the very doors of the people, not only In large cities, but In every section throughout the province, ond altogether the educational institutions of the province are alike creditable to the council which established, and the government that sanctioned them. Toronto Is the seat of a university posseMcd of a talented staff of proAisaors ; of a normal school, in which teachers receive a sclcptlfio ti-alnlng for their profession from efficient masters ; and, at the same time, of a model grammar and common school. The province is not only divided into counties, but is also sub-dlvlded Into townships (corresponding to a C-'otch parish) nnd school sections, in the centre of each of which la^t sub-divisions a com- mou ■Hihool is situated and managed by a local l>oard of trustees. Orommar schools liave been eb'nblished in the principal cities and towns. In which classical and mathematical in- struction u communicated by i> hij^uiy educated and Intelligent class of teachers, in addi- tion to the t1emp>-Utry branches of an English education, sometimes combined with natural philosophy, taught in the common schools. Both grammar and common schools are ex- amined by Inspectors appointed for the purpose, and the management of the system Is entrusted, by the provincial gevernment, to a council of education, Rev. Dr. Rycrson at present being the general superintendent A school-tax is levied by the trustees for the support of the teacher, from which a salary is provided ranging, in proportion to the wealth of the section and the number of the pupils, from £60 or £70 in the common schools, to £200 and upwards in the grammar schools; and the only defect discoverable in the system is, that dwelling-houses ore not attached, as in Scotland, to the schools — a defect which will probably be removed by their erection in the course of the progressive prosperity of the province by the people. We have thus presented an outline^a meagre outline only, it is true — of the educational institutions of the United States and Canada; Institutions which, notwithstanding the diversity of sentiment that exists on political as well as ecclesiastical subjects, have been eBtoblishcd, and are supported with cordial unanimity; from which, it must be evident to every intelligent reader, that they form at once the " foundation of the nation's greatness," and a fitting theme for the hildren's song and prayer: — " Then blessings on our common schooia Wherever they may stand j They are the people's colleges, The bulwark of the land. 'Tia a happy theme ; like a golden dream its memory seems to be, And I'll sing, while I have a voice or tongue, ' The Common School for me.' " i f« ELE0TION8 IN AMEKIUA. ELECTIONS IN AMERICA. RiADiM Id Qroat Diituin hav*, no doubt, road or heard of (h« Repulillean, or. It may be, the Dtmocratlo, or Amorloau " llok«t," In connection with clcctlont In America. Dlf- ferInK at the mode of clcotlriK m«mbur« for ConiprcM doot fr >m that of menihont for I'ar' llumont, we tuhjoln a few iMrtlouUn whicli may prove lntere*tln|{ to tho«e unacquainted with the modu* operandi of voting hy ballot— or popular eleotloui In the New World. Flrat of all, then, we may explain that there It no " nomination day" In connection with clcctloni In America — but the formation of what U doilgnated a |>arty " Ticket" appean to be the Mm« *ort of proceeding, only carried out differently. Tlie " Ticket" coniUtt of a lUt of loy, four candidate*, who are nominated at a preliminary meeting of lorow of the lending men of the party, and decided upon at " fit and proper pcnont" to reprvtent the piirty and their prlnclplct faltlifuliy In Cungrett, and are tubnilttcd for the tupport of the party. For example, the Kepubllcan party, meet and fix upon their men, and have their namot printed on a tmall tllp of white paper — not much larger than a railroad tlcktt — Iitue them to all true Rcpubllcana to aupport, and carry the election of one out of the four namet ohotcn. Only one can be elected, but four are tubmltted for the people'* choice, at, although all Ropubllcant, electort may have their predellctlonit In favour of u particular man — to any of the other three— contequently, the elector takes liU choice and Totet accordingly, for one man, tcoring out the name* of the other three, when he go<.<« to vote. The meeting referred to, It called — the " primary election" — iknd the li«t of name* (which may bo two, three, four, or tlx) It termed the " Jiepubliean Ticket" or the " Dtmo- eralie Tiektt" as the cate may be, the ohlef men In each party nominating or forming their ticket In the manner described. We may here remark, that the party ticket, properly speaking, contlsts of a series of tickets, representing the different offices for the Legislature of the 8tate, as well as for members for the Congress of the United States, and that nearly all such elections taku place on the same day, so that the names which comprise the Republican ticket or tlckctH, as a whole, include the nomes of different candidates for the different ofliues In the State Legislature, in the tame manner as already described for the election of members of Congress. An elector, therefore, has to provide himself with a series of tickets, suitable, to enable him to vote for the officers of State, and, if a Republican in politics, he will in all probability provide himself with Republican tickets throughout, and vote accordingly for the man ho deems the best fur each office to be filled. To simplify the matter In illustration of the electoral system, we will refer more par- ticularly to the election of members for Congress, the principle of election in all other offices being the same. When the Republican ticket (or list of names) is fixed upon, as already explained, the party at once set to work to secure, by every means in their power, the election of a Re- publican candidate over the Democratic one. The names of the candidates may be seen a week or two previous to election day, printed on large, square banners, which are sus- pended from the roofs of houses across the principal thoroughfares in the city, as a sort of standing advertisements of their claims for support ; so that for some time the streets pre- sent rather a novel appearance, from the number and variety of the banners thus ex- hibited. To keep alive the excitement, and advance the interest of the respective candidates, public meetings are held regularly, and in the open air sometimes. In the different wards of the city, which latter, present a few novel features. In the afternoon or evening, n small hustings — capable of containing from 60 to 00 persons — is erected in the street — in a square, or vacant place, convenient for the purpose. At about 8, p, m., the meeting assembles. On the hustings the friend? and supporters of the party are to be seen. At one corner, on the platform, a pyrotechnist is placed, with a good supply of fireworks. In front, five or six large flam- beaux are kept blazing. Some dozen or so of paper lanterns are hoisted on long poles. KLKOTIUNM IN AMKUICA. 77 ra«h one Imvlnff prlnti-d on tlidr iIiIp* th« natnei of th« [tarty eandltUUi, In whoM inUr- •Rt. thn iiiitctinK U ht'lil. On the t(riuinJ, at on* ciul nf tli« liuatUiK*. >• |>lac«ni>rally almut a li or Irt poumlar, which, with tho tpcakar* on the filatform, anil the pi-oplu in f.unt, furra tha cuniponont parU of a pulltlcul uioatlog In tlio City of K«w York. Thii« " flxed np," at the Amcrioant would lay, th« iprakpr* addr«M the audi«noe ainld th« tmokn and glara of th« burning flnmhcaux. Hhould tlier*- \m diiapproUtion from any prt of the meeting, the tervl Into the air. The variegntiid forrot ditplayed by them ■« they explode, liai the effml of attracting the attention of the audience, and (luiet la again rnMorcd. liy thli mean*, the ipenkcr proceeds ai before, when, after a hearing for itimo time, another burst of opposition brvakt forth — thii time more powerful than prevl- ou»ly — the (Iroworkt are once more put in operation, but tliU time with doubtful effect, when the artilleryman In charge announce* a mIvo of biniik cartridge from hi* 12 or 16 pounder — the mioko ami lound of which, repeated two or three time*, at la»t iilencei tha t)ol*c of all opponition, and thus again reitore* order, liy Ruch meant the ipeakeri are not kept waiting long until illenco it rcRtored. In thli way the meeting proceeda. Interrupted now and then by the dlntentlent |Mirt of the meeting, with other lundry dUplayt of Are- work*, and n Ittio more hnrmleuR thunder from the " dog of war" ut hand. The excitement and Interruptions alluded to, at wUneieud by ut at a ward open-air meeting in New York, Intt November, were exceedingly mild from what we expected to meet with, and nothing in coni|iarl8on with tho tccnet we have wltneteed on " nomination* dayt In England and Scotland. At we have stated, the hustlngt were erected in the afternoon or early In the evening, the meeting It held at 8, p. m., and by 10, or lU 80, p. M., It has separated, tho hunting* are taken down and cleared off, and not a vestige remained of what was a scene of exclto- nieiit, only one hour before. Each party hold* its meetings, In this manner, on different evenings In tho several wards of the city, and pays Its own expenset. Tlie day of election, however, arrives, and brlngt with It much of tho quiet appearance of a Sunday morning. All the liquor store* are closed — by law — and many other placet of business are not opened from choice. Men ore not at work. Throughout tho early part of the day, there Is a feeling of dullness In many parts of the city. Towards noon, however, things begin to appear more lively. In the different wards there is a polling booth, about the doors of which are congregated a small, and apparently listless crowd of on-lookers, with, perhaps, a couple of policemen In the midst Inside the polling booth, are stationed tho " Inspectors of Elections." Tho voter who has obtained his ticket, and scored out the names of the candidates he does not wish to vote for — leaving one name not scored out — proceedt to the polling place, and on entering is asked by the Inspectors of Elections his name, business, and ad- dress, all of which Is written down In the books, in the possession of the Inspectors, which being done, the voter hands his ticket folded up, to the Inspector, who deposits It In the ballot box — in the presence of the voter — no one, not even the Inspector, knowing for whom tho vote has be°n given. Thus ends a transaction, which, in the minds of some men, amount to a sort of mysterious bugbear, but which in reality Is nothing of tho tort, but the performance of a privileged duty executed in an exceedingly quiet and becoming manner. Tho reason why the inspector deposits the ticket in the bnllot-box Is, that on election day there nro a variety of ballot-boxes in use that day— one for every officer of State, as well St for members for Congress ; so that when the voter gives perhaps six or eight tickets into the hands of the Inspector, ho arranges them, and places each one in its proper ballot-box. He knows which box each ticket is for, as although the tickets are given in all folded up, yet the denomination of tho office Is printed on the ouUide of the ticket or slip of paper, whilst the names of the candidates are printed inside, and unseen by him. Thus, therefore, the ticket for member for Congress has " Member for Congress" printed on the outside, see- n KI.KCTIUNH IN AMERICA. Ing whloli, tha In(p««tar i]«pn«it* It In lu prop«r boi, mitl m on with lh« Up|i*t m»tk»A " for (luv*rnor of HUt«," or " For CotnplrulUr of SUta," ato., ate, Into thair pMpar ballot- bosv*. Wii liava uliaarvatl, tlint • imnll emwd U ganarnlly (>olleo(i>il nlmut tha doora of tha poll- ln:( liootlii, Anio!.K>' tucli U r«oiiKiiliam|Nir*tl to (h(>|>li««|)«n In oouriti" tDwn* tn llrluin, who, In UmUrtni (h«lr vutM, Hal only lh« |Nirt of • Mirt of tlnor mat, I. ot «tl, <>r Uohvy In tht InfluantUI lury ni<«i>n known — howavar ua- |>o|iular to tli« |Mo|il«— to (ucvaaj lu dufvatlng tout* of th« mo«t aoeotn|ill«lii»l, |M)|»j)ar, aad valiud of HrltUli itataMiian. W« laltctad Naw York at tha plaoa whara wa ihould a«« tha ayitam of oUotlng liy ImI- lot carrlad out under tlia moat illMilvNnt«K«oua olroumalanoft, and, ao far at our ««|)«rl«n«a goal, wa full Miiuawliat agroaably dlMi>|H)lnt«d that It did not turn out mora In aecordanua with our pravlout arronaoua Idaat of tha mattar, and plaaiad that It l« oonduotad In a man- n«r, U[>un tha whola, vaitly luparlor to tha opan voting ayatam of Oraat Britain and Irtland —whara brlbary and luUuildatloo, in luuumarabU InaUueaa, dafaat tha anda of bouatt^ anU fair play. r> . />. . \f,' r THE SUAKEBa ^^'*' ^ '•' - ---iA.. C4, f. i I I iV^t 1 /^ n r "Hliakcr te«di and herb*," and "Shakor flannola," ara amongst tha multlfarioua algiM •xhlblted at doora, and In the windowt of ratall atoraa throughout the United Htataa— tha exc<*ll«ince of thcae artlclva, an mild by a aectlon of the Hoclaty of Kriendi In America — gen- erally known aa "The Hhaker*" — having rendered them famous throughout the voimtry, Th« itranger In America who U deilroua of aeetng something of one of tha " Institutions* peculiar to tills country, may easily visit one of the Hhaker villages when at New York, by taking the railroad, or steamboat up the Hudson, to Hudson City, 118 miles fk-om Naw York, and thence fur a few miles per rail to Lebanon Hprlngs, In the County of Columbia, 8t«te of New York. In this trip, the tourTst can enjoy the trip up the Hudson — visit Lebanon Springs, and the ijuaker Settlement, two miles ftrom there — the Cataklll Moun- tains, in the vicinity — noticed elsewhere — and all In the course of a few days, at compar- atively little expense. Tlie Society whose estnblisliment we at present purpose noticing, reside at the Hhaker village of New Lebanon, as we have said, two miles from Lebanon Springs, in a beautiful and fertile agricultural district The village is situated on the face of a hill, and com- mands a flne view of the valley in the vicinity and surroundiDg country. The village is exclusively tenanted by the membert of the Community. The principal building consists of a large Meeting-House, where the devotional exercises are conducted, and In the sutiitner time, on Sundays, in tht presence of vast numbers of strangers who are sojourn- ing at the Springs. The Extract House is another of the chief buildinga. In it is the La- boratory, where the hejj^s, and tlnc^res from them, are pressed by means of crushing mills, vacuum pan, etc., under a skillful chemist, one of themselves. The estimation in which ■uch arc held, may bo Judged of from the fact, that in one year alMut 14,000 poi.nds' weight have been sold — the extracts of bu ttern ut and dandoJQpn forming two of the principal one* sold. In another part of the village is the Seed House, formerly the old Meeting-House, near which is the Tannery, Dftjry, and workshops where wooden-ware, door-mats, etc., are made. The Herb House, with its drying rooms, store rooms, etc., is another portion of tha manufacturing premiscii There, obout 70 tons of herbs and roots — the produce of al)out ■ 76 acres of their garden land — are pressed annually, by moans of a hydraulic press of 800 tons pressure. In various parts of the building may be seen both men, women, and chil- dren busily engaged in the different processes of manufacturing the articles named, or packing them up ready for market Tlie Community at New Lebanon consist of about 600 persons, divided into eight fami- lies, aa they are called, each family being presided over by two elders and two elderesses, each of whom have an equal position in the management, and to whose orders the members yield perfect obedience. The management of the temporal affairs of the Society is entrusted to trustees, who nra V< M.- ^y-^ ■ THK NIIAKKHM— C'OMTI'MR, KTO. fl»«li>l vliivr*, anil who ura Uifitlly In |MiM«Mliin nl all r»al mUU batvtiiilnK to th« •lM tlivy prufvM ar* (1iri*iUn, Hlihoiiih lli*lr «l«w* u( ChrtatUnlty •!>• |M«ru- lUr, It woiilil uk* up liKt muoh of our *\mfr to kh Into il*i«ll r*»\fui\un th»Mi Imi w« may l>rl«>rty Mty that th«y liallwa lit* nitllfntiliiin ha* com* i that Ihalr* l« tlia iiillUnnUt k L'hiiri'h i Ihiil iii«rrlai(« |)ri>vrnta iwopU froiri Mn'g ii«iliiilUt«ii to tli« oharautrr of t'hrkali thnt ill* «ili'k>'il ar« |mnUh»i| only fur a i^anm i ihalthi* JiiilKrni'nt lUy ha* l>«|(un In thulr Chiiri'h hvliiK ratalillah«l»ni'a U tho l»>i(lMnlni| of haavaa, Th»y vntortaln th« iliK>trtn»a of th« (iilrttnall*!* to • rartaln ■iixiit, an'i{iilnr ' iriaiilffxtntton* r many yaar* |tait, ami that, for tn>tan«a, tlin hyniiM thi>y aliiif — Ixith wonU «n>l mu*lu— ar« rnvtaU'd to thvin vvary waak U tlm« for (lavollotiiil ■•(■•ri'lav* on HiiniUy. Ill th<< Mi'i'iln^ lloii*«< iht'y nufnihlii at alioiit half pa>l 10 oVIork wary Hunday tnorn- Init, ami, (Jiinkfi- llkt>, tho wxr* aru •••ittt>r«, lioInK In llinlmhlrt iIi'i'Tv*. anil w«arlni( l>lu>' cotton nml woolen trowiirr>titiMl vi<4t<, with viilf *khi •hov*, ^nty ■luvkiiiK*. anil larif* tiirnuil- down oollar*. a* tfrn in IlKiiri) I In eu^tmyUtg of coiliinM'. Th* worn»u wrar, for tha mo«t |Mirt, piirii whltt) cotton di'i'Mc*, with whlti> cottun hniiilkKrchlwf* «|ii'rHd over their n«uk« ami *houlil<'r<, with a whltit Uwn *<|ii tm tl«i| over their h<>ad*, with hoot* alnillar In a|>- pcnrnncii to \hv hli(li heeled hoot* lately In faahhin — the fiiahton of Iha tlnia when tha Hovlvly wa* «*tnhll«h«d — and mad« of a ll^ht hlua prunella. Hw ti»(uru7 In angravlng u( eoatutne. 8IIAKER COHTUME. Th* »boT* engraving rrpreaenU the varloui coalume* worn hy the Hhakera, both at home, knil when fforn home, rifiirei I and T repreaent the worahip coattime, ami attlluilc of mjin and wnmnn. rigiir* 'i, that of Ik flelillnhoiircr, or atnrekeeper'* aaalalant. rigure 8, an alilvr. t'igurea 4 and b, travelling COilume, and figure 6, a half-dreH coitume. After iittlnd a short time in allcnco, tho niombr r* from the extreme end* of the room approach the centre, wlicii the aeats aro removed, nnd the whole congrenntlon pliicu them- •clvei in morcliing order in leriiud rows, throe or four men and women aiternateiy. WhiUt TIIK MltAKKIM' MKUOIUVt UANCH. 11 llin* t^aixtlnff ((iMlly— lh« wf ih« iinnKrtfBtliin kMfliiM ilm« with lh»lr f*»t AftiT Uia hyniii tlif w'a • lUnaa, tn llliiatnlloil of nna itf th« moT^ manl* or «Ii>|m of wIiIkIi wa Ktw. Tha lUnit* f»i)*l*U of »>artii(lti|( III HkvU nil the prvpUlon of w 'II trMlnail piiplla, moving »• If with only on* M«|». Tha lltiiatrnlixn will ifUa iin l ri'pliici-d, nnM the devotional exerelm** of the«e people, cnch a* they are, without beln(( Impreued withfovllniftof the deepest reopect and nolemnlty; and however much they maytllfTer from the Shaker* in opinion, they will be ready to xivo them full credit for thorough con«clen> tioumie**, und faith In what they believe to be right, <)«-ca»ionnlly the "iipirit manlfeittt itiielf" by one or more of the congregation getting up niwl (Innolng or whirling round and round with extraordinary rapidity, and the purtiei iipparently being perfectly unconxciouii of every thing paicing around them. In thin wuy will they continue to whirl and dunce for nearly an hour without intemilMlon. As inny be well known, all property belonging to the Society U held In common by the metuber*. All who Join it do ho voluntiii;ily, after perunlng the rulet and regulation! of the Society, which are submitted to all before they join. The Society i« divided into three divislouR, or clattei, viz, ; the oenior, junior, and noviciate cIom. The aenior claM SHAKER SETTLEMBNT, NEW LEBANON. ,<5^ 1>' .^ \\ dttdicaU themMWet and all th«y are poH«M«d of " to the tervloe of Ood and the rapport of the pure goepe), forever," after they have had time for reflection and experience. After being thus admitted ae partnen in the Community, the relationship ii binding forever. / The tecond olait of members are thoee who have no families, but who, in Joining the So- ciety, retain the ownership of any private property they had when they entered it. It is according to the laws that if any one leaves the Community they can take nothing with them but what they brought; that they receive no wages for the services they may have performed, and cannot recover any property they may liave presented to the Community. The noviciates, again, are those who, on Joining the booiety, choose to live by themselves and retain the management of their temporal affairs in their own hands. Such are received as slaters and brothers so long as they fulfil the requirements of the Society in every other respect. Every one — male and female — works, from the preacher down to the youngest child who is able ; and not a moment of the hours of labour is occupied but by the busy and attentive performance of their duties, Throughout their workshops, meeting-houses, dwellings, eto., the utmost order prevails, accompanied by the most scrupulous cleanlinesa of place and person. Although they have none of the anxieties of life, or that frightful spectre — the fear of want — ever before them, and with no personal or private ambition to carry out, yet all are willing, diligent, and faithful workers, and all appear to be cheerful, comfortable and happy. The Community at New Lebanon are, from all we can understand, a most intelligent body. They pursue the same system of education as that of the common schools of the ^ United States, for although they lead ajife of celibacy after, they join the body, the children of those who come from the " outer world" are regularly taught and brought up in the doctrines and with the ideas of the Community, and from Uiat source, as well as re- ceiving all orphan children who are sent to them, there is a never-failing supply of schol- arsi The children are dressed similarly to grown-up members^ They possess an excellent — library, and from the newspapers regularly received, the members are kept " posted up" as to whatever is going on in the wicked world around them. Their conduct and character, from all accounts, is of the most exemplary kind, living up, in a high degree, to the principles they profess. In their relations with the world around them their budness character for honour and uprightness is most undoubted, whilst the articles they manufacture stand deservedly high in public estimtttion, the very term "Shalug;" being a sort of guarantee that the article is genuine. They carry on their botanical and all other operations in the most soientifio manner, and have machinery of the most improved description for enabling them to produce the arti- cles manufactured in the best possible manner. -^^VA|P^ We may mention the somewhat singular fact, of this society, having taken root so ftr (j ^ A back as exactly^e hundred years ago, in the C^ of Manchester (Eng.). In the year *^ 1768, a woman named Ann Stanley, then the wife of a blacksmith, embraced the views of ^ Shakeriem from the disciples of some French religionists who held these, ot similar views there, but suffering great persecution on account of her belief, she, along with a few others, emigrated to America, where she founded a Community at Niskayuna, (Watervliet,) near Albany, where the sect still have a Community. When she arrived in America, she g, took her maiden name of_Jjee, and thus the name of Mother Ann Lee is devoutly remem- bered till this day by the sect, they looking upon her, as, they say, the revelation of the female nature of Ood to man, in the same way as The Chritt was manifested in the person of Jesus, as the revelation of the male nature of God to man. During a great revival f ; movement in 1780, large numbers joined Ann Lee's Community, and since then they have spread into different sections of the States — ^now numbering eighteen Communities — with a total of about 4,000 members, and affording a curious, interesting, and instructive feature in social economico. r6 FURNITURE. 88 FURNITURE. > BO hr FvnHrrvas and ohair-maktng it in America what cotton manufacturing ii in certain diitricta in England. The factories are upon an immenM Male, equalling in sice the Oxford Road Twiit Mills, Manchester, or, in fact, any of the mills of Manchester or Preston, or Samuel Higginbotham and Sons' cotton mills at Glasgow (Scotland). Instead of employing girls, however, as in the cotton mills of Britain, all are men, mostly, who are employed in the furniture and chair fiiotories in America, and chiefly Germans. In Xew York and Cincinnati alone, there are six or eight immense establishments in each, in " full blast," and whether it is turning a bed-post, or leg of a chair, carving out some exquisite scroll- work for some drawing-room piece of furniture, planing the rough lumber into the smooth table-top, or any of the other numerous matters connected with producing furniture, fit for either kitchen, bed-room, parlor or drawing-room — the saw, plane, turning lath, and mor ticing machine does all ; consequently there is not the number of hands employed whu.h one would expect to find in one of these large mills. The great wonder is, where all the furniture goes ta Some of these factories turn out nothing but chairs, and whilst yon stand looking at their great proportions, out pops a chair, newly put together on .he first floor, with rope attached, and flnding its way outside by pulleys, to the top floor of the mill, to be there finished off; then another and another follow in quick succession. We do not think that any people in the world beat the Americans in the rich and handsome fur- niture they have in their houses. Mahogany is an every-day material in the better data of housesL The very doors in their lobbies and out tide doors are characterized by great massivenets of expensive wood, with great expense bestowed upon carving the same, giv. ing their door-way (with outer door open and inner one shut) a most palatial appearance with the handles, bell-pull, and name plate all silver gilt Wild cherry and black walnut wood are generolly used, although we have seen very little use made of the " black birch," (although an American wood,) so much used in Great Britaia In connection with furniture making, we have noticed at several cities a new style of fiimiture, made exclusively for schools. The youngest to the oldest scholar sits in a seaU- in some cases, by himself, or along with another — with a handsome little desk before him. All are fixed to the floor, so that all are obliged to keep their seats in their proper places, and there is no shaking of desks when writing, etc. We saw a school in operation, so fitted up, and could not help thinking it was a very great improvement on the old-fash> ioned system of forms and long desks. Places for holding books, pens, ink, etc., are flxed to the desks. Such furniture making is carried on as a separate business in several of the cities in the United States, and amongst others, at Buffalo, State of New York, by Messra. Chase A Son, who have established an agency for its sale in Glasgow, where samples may be seen in the warehouse of Messrs. Wylie dc Loohead, Buchanan St. 84 EXEMPTION LAWS. EXEMPTION LAW8 OF THE UNITED STATES, Sbowinq what (Inscription of property i» exempt from attachment and execution for debt througliout tlie different States, and the law, as applicable in each one. ALABAMA. The homMtMd law exampti from exceutlon rt*! Mlalt, not to exceed 4n aorei, or In value |400, If re- ierved for the uie of the family, and not iltuate within the llmlti of any corporate town or city. ARKANSAS. For all debit contracted ilnce December 8th, 1809, IflO acrei of land, or one town or city lot, with all Im- provementa, without reference to value, are exempt from lale under execution. A widow U entitled, u dower, to one-third of the penonni property on hand at the death of her huiband, abiolutely aa agalnat credltora; alao to one-third of the rvnl eatute and ■laves, and If no children, to one-half of both real and peraonal property, except choaea In action, CALIFORNIA. The law exempte from farced aale or execution, or any other final procesa from a court, for any debt or liability contracted or incurred after the tat day of June, 1801 ; or if contracted or Incurred at any time. In any other place than In thia 8late, the homeatead, eonalating of a quantity of land, together with the dwelling-houae thereon and lla appurtenancea, and not exceeding In value the aum of 10,000, to be aeleoted by the ownera thereof. ThIa exemption doea not extend to mechanic*' or Tendon' llena, or to any mortgage lawfully obtained. CONNECTICUT. Certain peraonal property U exempt from execu- tion. DELAWARK. Certain honaehold good* of free white citlzena are exempt from attachment or execution ; also the li- brary, tooia and Iniplementa of the debtor neceaaary for carrying on his profcnsion or trade, to the value of ISO. It la provided, linwever, timt all the artlclea exempted ahall not exceed $100 in value. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. There Is no homestead exemption. FLORIDA. Every actual houaekeeper with a family may claim aa exempt auch portion of his property aa may be ne- ceaaary for the aupport of himself and family, to the value of $100, waiving all right to all other exemptions. The defendant must make and sign a fair and full statement of all hia property, verified by affidavit, which must accompany the return of the process. A farmer owning 40 acrea of land, of which he cul- tivates 10, can hold the same exempt, provided the property does not exceed $200 In value. Every owner of a dwelling-house in a city, town or village, pro- vided he actually resides In the house, and that It does not exceed $8(K) In value, may hold It free from execution, attachment, or distress. GEORGIA. The law exempts from execution, for every white citizen of the 8late, being head of a family, 50 acres of land, which. Including dweiling-hoiise and Improve- ments, must not exceed In value $200 ; also, 6 acrea additioiml for every child under 15 years of age. If in city or town, lot not to exceed $200 in value. The statute of this State provides, that the security on a note, or the endorser, can give notice to sue, and unless the suit is brought in three mouths after matu- rity, be released. Merchants selling goods to persons in Georgia, ■hould require notes in every instance, for open ac- counts bear no interest. INDIANA. Every debtor Is entitled to SOO dollars' worth of per- sonal or real property exempt from execution, except for litbourera' and mechanics' liens. Estates of dower are abolished, and In lieu thereof, the widow take! one-third of the real eatate In fee simple, in dtflanet qf ertdUom and the huaband'a will, unleaa the value of the real eatate be more than $10,000; if more, then a leaa proportion. Thblaabad provlalon, and endangers the collection of debta. In caae of the death of the debtor. The widow la entitled to 800 dollars' worth of per- aonal property, ar agalnat credltora, etc. Property taken in execution cannot be sold for leai than two-thlrda Its appraised value, where the Judg- ment waa obtained upon an open account, or upon paper, unleaa the paper contained the clause, to wit : '' Without any relief whatever from valuation or ap- praisement laws," which should always he Inaerted. The debtor cannot waive the exemption or atay lawa In a binding form. On negotiable paper, (being bills of exchange and notea payable at a charttred lianA;) protested for non-payment, all partlea thereto are Jointly liable to ault. The notary ahould add to hi* protest a certl- flcate that notice* of protest were duly sent to the several partlea— naming them— which Is, under the statute, all the proof thereof required. ILUN0I8. The law oxempis from levy and forced sale, undei any proceaa or order from any court In the State, the lot of ground and the buildings thereon, occupied aa a residence, and owned by the debtor, being a house- holder, and having a family, to the value of $1,0(X). Such exemption shall continue after the death nf such householder, for the beneflt of the widow and family, some one or more of them continuing to occupy such homestead until the youngest child shall become 21 years of age, and until the death of such widow ; and no release or waiver of such exemption shall be valid, unless the same shall he In writing, subscribed by such householder, and acknowledged In the same manner as conveyancea of real estate. IOWA. The law exempts from Judicial aale out of the prop- erty of residents, or of any person coming to this State with the intention of remaining, the cuatomary article* neceasary to the living of the fumliy. Including pro visiona and fuel for aix montha' uae ; alao the eamlngi of the debtor for hIa peraonal aervlcea, or thoae of his family for ninety days; and aa a homeatead, any quantity of land not exceeding 40 acres, used for agri- cultural purposes, the dwelling thereon and appurten- ances, or instead thereof, a lot not exceeding one-half of an acre, being within a recorded town-lot, city, or village, the dwelling-house thereon, and the appur- tenances, owned and occupied by any resident of the State, provided that such exempted homestead or town-lot, and dwelling-house thereon, shall In no citse exceed In value $500. ThIa exemption is not to alTect any labourers' or mechanics' Hen, or mortgage, law- fully obtained, which shall expressly stipulate that the homestead is liable. A mortgage or conveyance of the homestead is void unless Joined by both husband and wife. The exemption descends to the surviving head of the family, or to their issue. The debtor must select his own homestead, and have It marked out, plotted, and recorded In the homestead book ; or the ollicer having an execution must have It done, and add the expenses to the writ. KENTUCKY. About $100 worth of household and kitchen furni- ture Is exempt from attachment and execution. LOUISIANA. By the Act of 1350, widows and minor children were allowed $1,000 out of the decedent's estate. If left in necessitous circumstances. No homestead exemption laws In this State. MAINE. A few articles of household furniture, tools, pro- EXEMPTION LAWS. 8S furni- Tliloni, ete,, art not llrtbl* to bo takan on •tttehmvot or «X(Putlon ; alio, any ono may hart roal e«tat« to tho value of fWO exempted, provided he nhall flie In the revlitry of deedi, In the county where It It illuatu, • oertlflrata for that uurpoie, he beinf a houieholder In actual poiieaalon thereof. MARYLAND, The Oonitltutlon direct! the Lexlilature to paie lawi txemptlng from Judicial lalee property not exceeding lOU), but no Legulatura hai yet acted upon the eul^ iect. M!Bei88IPPI. The law exempta furniture, etc., of a head of a ftmlly, to tho value of |SOO,the anlcultural Imple- mente of a farmer, the took of a mechanic, the llbrury of an attorney, phvilclan, or minbter, to the value of 9800; alio, to the head of a family 160 acrei of land, with the dwelUnK and Improvement! theron ; ur. If In • town or oily, the reildence, not exceeding In value •1,800. Widow! are entitled to the eame amount of property out of the deceaaed hueband'i eitate that le exempt from lale under an execution agalnet an Iniolvent dnhlor, which li |AO0 worth of houiehold and kitchen furniture, etc., and have ae her dower one-third Inter- Mt In all the land! of which her huiband died eelied •nd pouened. MASSACHUSETTS. The homeitead of a debtor to the value of |800, wearing apparel, certain article! of houiehold furni- ture. In value lay from tlUO to |lfiO ; provliion!, tAO ; the etock, tools, etc., of a mechanic or handicrafti- inan, |itUO; booka, IM; 1 cow, 6 aheep, 1 iwlne, 2 torn of hay, fuel (10. MICHIQAN. Household gooda, furniture, etc., not exceeding in yaiue $'i!*^•, tools, etock, etc., to enable any une to carry on his occupation or buainees, not exceeding t'i.'M) In value ; llbrury not exceeding tlOO in value, and other minor articles usually enumerated, are ex- empt from aale on execution ; and the debtor cannot waive auch exemption. The itatute alao exempta to houaehoidera a home- atead consisting of any quantity of land not exceed- ing forty acres, and the dwelling-house thereon, and Its appurtenances, to be aeiected by the owner there- of, and not included in any recorded town-plot, or city, or village ; or, inatead thereof, at the option of the owner, a quantity of land not exceeding In amount one lot, being within n recorded town-plot, or city, or village, and the dwelllng-houae thereon and its appurtenances, owned and occupied by any resident of this Htnte, (not exceeding in value f IfiOO, by the (lonstitution of ISM.) Said homestead ia exempt during the minority of hia children, and the occupation of hia widow. Any person owning nnd occupying any house on land not his own, and claiming such house aa his homestead, shall be entitled to the exemption. MISSOURI. The law exempts the usual articles of domestic use, and also property, real or personal, not exceeding In value $160, chosen by the debtor, if he Is the head of a family, with tlie usual bedding, and other necessary household and kitchen furniture, not exceeding (26 In value ; lawyers, physicians, and minlstera may aelect books necessary to their profession in place of other property, at their option, and physlciana also may select their medicines. The husband's property is exempt from all liabllitiea contracted by the wife before marriage. NEW YORK. In addition to the ho<'r.^hold articiea uauaiiy enu- merated as exempt fro.ii ta\e under execution, and the tools of any mechamc, not exceeding (26, there Is exempted to tlie value of (1.50, other furniture, tools, or team ; aUo, the lot and buildings thereon to the value of (1000, the same being occupied as a residence, anerly to auclMxemntlon, the con- veyance of the , lu le ahail ahow that it la designed , to be held aa a homestead under thli act, or If already purchaaed,or the conveyance doea not ahow auch de- aign, a notice that the aame la dealgned to be ao held ahail be executed and acknowledged by the penon owning the said property, which ahail contain a full dcscrlpllim thereof, and ahail l>e recorded In the office of the clerk of the county in which the aald property la altuate, in a book to be provided for that purpose, and known as the " Homestead Kxemptlon book." But no property shall, by virtue of thia act, be exempt from sale for non-payment of taxea or aa- aeaamenta, or for a debt contracted for the purchase thereof, or prior to the recording of the aforeaald deed or notice. NEW HAHPSHIRI. There la a homestead exemption law In the valu* of (600, which deaceniis to the widow or minor chil- dren, and » mechanics' lien law. There ia no waiver of riglit to the exemption M- cept by deed. NEW JERSEY. Peraonal property to the value of (200, the prop- erty of a resident head uf a family la exempt from aale, appraised, under oath, by three penona ap- pointed by the aherllT; under certain atrlngent statu- tory provisions, the lot and buildings thereon occu- pied as a residence and owned by the debtor, being a houaeholder and having a family, to the value of (1000 ; such exemption sliall continue after the deoth of auch houaeholder, for the beneflt of the widow and family, aome or one of them continuing to occupy such homestead until the youngest child shall become 21 years of age, and until the death of the widow ; and no reieaae or waiver of auch exemption ahail be vaUd. The act provldea for the aale or division of the homeatead on execution, when its value exceed! (1000. The widow or administrator of a deceaaed peraon may claim the aame exe. ptlon of peraonal property to the amount of (200, aa against the credltora. NORTH CAROLINA. In addition to the wearing apparel, etc., exempted, there ia also exempt from aelzure the fallowing prop- erty, provided the same shall have belbn set apart be- fore aelzure, to wit. : 1 cow and calf, 10 bushela of corn or wheat, 60 pounds of bacon, beef, or pork, or 1 barrel of flsli ; all necessary farming tools for 1 la- bourer, 1 bed, bedstead and covering, for every 8 members of the family, or buch other property aa the freeholders appointed for that purpose may deem necessary for the comfort and support of such debtor'a family ; such other property not to exceed In value (60 at casli valuation. OHIO. The family homestead of every head of a family not exceeding in value (600, is exempt so long as the debtor, the widow, or the unmarried minor child shall reside thereon, although the title to the land shall be in another. In case there Is no family homestead, (800 additional personal property to be aeiected by appralaera Is allowed to the head of a family. The earnings of the debtor for his personal servicea at any time within 8 months next preceding, cannot be applied by law towards the sailsfactlon of n judg- ment, if necessary for the use of u family supported wholly or partly by his labour. PENNSYLVANIA. The law exempts from execution property, either real or personal, to the value of (300, If claimed by the debtor, exclusive of all wearing apparel, bibles, and school books In the use of tlie family. Thla privilege may be waived by the debtor In the body of a note or In a confession of judgment. The widow or children of any decedent may retain 86 EXEMPTION LAWS — TIME INDICATOR. tht tun» •ddlUonal amount from the eit«le for har or thtir life. TENNB88EI1. The uiukl ilrople ■rtlclei of houiehold furniture, fMrmlng utcnalU, anil mechaiiici' tooli, etc. Alio the liomeiitead of every head of • family, to the Talue of |fiOO, iltovlded he hai had • declaration . and due natloe of luch Intention itnied, lealed, and wltnciied, and duly reflitered In Ine olBce of the Kefltter of the County, and permanently rnldei on the homeatead. The widow of a houiekeeper, and the children during their minority, are entitled to all the beneftta of the exemption. TEXAS. The law exempt* from eale on exeoutlon, and en- title! the widow of decedent to 800 acrei of land, or any town or city lot, or lot*, not to exceed In value $2000, ai the homeitead of a family, houiehold and kitchen fkirnlture, not to exceed In value |300. All Implemente of huibandry, etc., etc. By a recent da- cblon of the Supreme Court, an unmarried man li entitled to the same exemption, except the 2()0 acrea of Innd. He may retain a town lot and Improve- ■henta to the value of IMK). VERMONT. The Homeatead Exemption Law la for the value of ISOO. Hechanica have a Uen. VIBOINIA. In the caae of a huaband or parent, a few bouae- hold artlclea of fUmitur* and provlalana ; and In eaat of a meehanio, the toola and ulanaila of hia trade, nol to exceed |itO In value. Family portralla and en> gravlnp are expreaaly exempted from dlatreaa or levy, Hlavea, aUn, without the debtor'a eonaenl, where there are other gooda and cbatlela of aucb debtor aufflcleut for the purpoaa. WISCONSIN. The law exempta from forced aale a homeatead eon> aiding nf any quantity of land, not exccedlng4U acrea, uaed for agricultural purpotei, and the dwelling* houae, and Ita appurtenancea thereon, tn be aeleoted by the owner thereof, and not Included In any town* plot, or city, or village; or Inatead thereof, at th« option of the owner, a lot of land not exceeding one* quarter of an acre, being within a recorded town- pint, or city, or vllljiKe, and the dwelling-houaa there- on, and Ita uppurteniiiicea. Thla exemption doea nol alfi'Ct any Uliourer'n ur mechanlc'a lien. The law nian exempta the dwelllng-houae owned bjr any person and alluate on land not hIa own, buk which land he la righthilly In posseaiilon of by leaaa or otherwise, provided he dalma auch houae aa hla homeatead. Uwnera of homeateada may remove fVom and aell the aame, and auch removal or aale shall not render the homestead subject to forced sale on exeoutloa hereafter Issued In the State or United States Courts against the owner, except In Judgment for fore* closure of mortgages. The homestead to descend to the widow, who shall hold It during widowhood. '^ . COMPARATIVE TIME INDICATOR, Shouing th« Tms at tht Principal OUie* qf the United StaUt and Canada, compared toith Hixm at Washington, Keto York and Montreal, There is no standard railroad time in America as in Great Britain. Eaoli railroad com- pany adopts the time of its own locality. Travellers are apt to experience considerable annoyance in consequence of such difference. The only way is to observe what difference there is between the time in each particular place, and arrange accordingly. For difference of time between Washington and the chief cities in the United States and Canada, see Hme Indicator on following page : — HOON AT NEW YORK. M II Ida u Augusta, Oa 11 SO a. h. Baltimore, M(l 1180 " Boston 12 12 p. M. Buffi ,N.Y 11 40 A. II. Chariv Jton, S. C 11 86 " Chicago,Ill 11 6 " Cincinnati, 1118 " Cleveland, 1180 " Columbus, 1124 " Detroit, Mich 11 24 " Indianapolis, Ind 11 14 " Louisville, Ky 1114 " New Orleans, La. Iv) 54 " Philadelphia 11 55 " Pittsburg, Pa 1185 " Portland,Me 12 16 " Richmond, Va 1148 " St. Louis, Mo 10 55 " StPaul.Min 1046 " NOON AT MONTREAL. At nttltth* Boston 12 12 p. M. Buffalo 11 40 A. M. CoUingwood, C. W 11 83 " Oodench, C. W 11 28 " Hamilton, C. W 1185 " Kingston, C. W 11 49 " IiOndon,C.W 1180 " NewYcrkCity 1158 " Ottawa, C.W 1152 " Paris, C.W 1137 " Peterborough, C. W 1140 " Port Hope, C. W 11 40 " Portland, Me 12 14 p. u. Quebec, C.E 12 10 " Richmond 12 6 " Somia, C. W 11 25 a. h. St. Thomas, C.E 12 13 " Three Rivers, C. E 12 4 p. m. Toronto, C. W 11 86 " Windsor, C. W 11 23 a. M. DIFFERENCE OF TIME BETWEEN EUROPE AND AMERICA. WHEN IT IS NOON London 4 55 p. h. Liverpool 4 44 " Dublin 430 " Edinburgh 4 43 " Glasgow 4 44 " AT NEW YORK, Madrid 4 40 p. h. Rome 5 46 " Hamburg 5 35 " Constantmople 6 51 " Paris " Cl■^ rerv ^-k' ^^p --t(r> Iw. t-b^uc-^r' H. BU81NK8»— PAST, PHK8ENT, AND FUTUHE. BUSINESS-PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. Ai upon the coinnieroial poaitiou of affain generally dopondi the progreie of th« country, and happinvw and comfort of the people, we purpoie nutloing hero, briefly, the leading charaoterUtlce of the liuiinew dune in the United Estate* and Canada during the year 1807, coni|iarlug it* diwttert with thoee of 1808, and aeoertaln fomothing, if poc- •ible, of the future. From itatUtic* publUhed, we And that in 1807, throughout the entire United State*, there were 4,932 fiiiluret, involving an amount of llabilitiei of |'i01,700,00(), (or about je08,»00,000 «tg.,) agalnit which we find that in 1808 there were 4,220 failure*, with lla- bilitiei uf #00,749,602 (or obout £19,149,032 ttg.). This thowR a difference of £39,910,- 068 itg., between the amount fulled for in 1807 and that in 1808, but in reality nearly th« whole of the amount* of both year*' failure* are connected witli the trade of 1807, and that which wa* done previou* to the panic whicli *ct In In October tliat year — the effects of whiuh were carried into, and throughout the mo«t part of the year 1808 — thus «howing H grand total of $887,400,602, or within a trifle of leventy-nevm tnillioHt and a half of pound* uttrling of llabilitiei. The only natural conclusion I«, a* we have stated, that this large amount of money, hai accrued nearly entirely from- the panic, ob It li well-lcnown that the bona-fide trade done during the year 1808, iia« been characterized by the greateit caution, and tliere has been no butlnes* done of a ipeculatlve kind. As one of the pleasing features connected with the panic of 1807, is the undoubted fact, of an immense amount of debts due by parties with whom compromises wore made, and to others, again, to whom time was granted during the pressure — having paid up In full— and even now, house* are to be found anticiiiatlng the time In paying up thilr dividends, and paying in full Independent of large concern*, we believe that amongst the small- er class of tradesmen the honourable and independent spirit of paying up every cent for the dollar past due, ha* been largely carried out, and speaks well for the confidence whiuh is mutually exchanged between parties, which, after all, i* more valuable in commercial communities, than bank bills. Eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, then, may be said to have seen the end of the great comnitTuial disasters, which broke out first in Cincinnati in September, 1807, (in the fail- ure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company,) and which has extended to very nearly evefy corner of the earth. No doubt but that in 8ome districts, particularly in the large cities of the Northern and Western States, a large amount of old outstanding debts are yet to col- lect, where possible; but people nowknow'the extent of the mischief which has been done, and are regulating accordingly. The trade of the past year, 1808, has, therefore, been the commencement of another new era in commercial affairs, and which will, no doubt, for some time at least, exhibit more caution than was shown for some years previous to the panic. That the country is already exhibiting signs of reviving health and strength in its manu- facturing, agricultural and commercial departments Is, undoubtedly, a cheering fact, de- spite those complaints which now and then appear on the surface, when balancing the books of some of the public companies, or fast young cities in the west — rising, like the excrescences, from an unhealthy body, to get cured, and thereby leaving the great parent-system sounder and healthier than before. In some of the manufacturing concerns of New England, two to three months' orders are In hand for goods at present rates, and more orders refused, excepting at the market prices, when the goods are ready for delivery. In commercial circles, wholesale men are looking forward to doing a moderately large and safe trade throughout the year, as, from the manner in which all classes of store-keep- ers have been running down their stocks for the last fifteen months, their shelves are com- paratively bare of goods, so that an ordinary supply must be had ; and judging from the BUSINESS — PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE. 89 lly large Ire-keep- Ire com- Irum the indication* whioh the tpring trade already gWee, there U every reason fur enoouragement for the future. The emigration ft-om Europe during 1858. hae Allien off rery oonilderadly compared with pNvloue yean, no doabt owing to the general eUgDation o( affWin, together with the In- dneemeoUi hitherto held out for emigrating to the Auttrallan eolonlet ; but a* the policy of emigrating even then at present, U queetionable, we have no doubt but that In the natural eouree of events the United States and Canada will be enjoying as large a share of European emigration as ever they have done, as, what with the banks ftill of Idle capital, the recuperative powers of the country, the character of the people, and the favourable commercial prospects for the future, every thing bids fair to see an early revival of the time when things will be going " ahead," as usual, in " full blait." We invite attention to the very valuable Ubie of statistics, drawn up by Messrs. D. Douglass A Co., of the Mercantile Agency, given elsewhere, in which will be found some Intereating partloulara ii! connection with the failures of ISST and 1858. From it we ex- tract the following statistics, respecting the failures in Canada :— CANADA. TOTAL NVIIBER Of rAILORBI nOU IST Or JANVABT TO 25X0 DBOKMBn. Xuniber tif Failuru. 1857. 1858. InToronto,C.W a« 16 Remsinder of Canada West . . . . lOB 811 In Montreal, 0. E 15 40 Remainder of Canada East 15 93 Total liahUUiM. Tbtol LiabilitU», 1857. 1858. 19,714,000. [£549,800] I $888,876. [ £76,675 8,179,000. [£484,400]J 1,80SJI70. [£t261,175' Increase of failures in Canada West in 1858. O) Increase in Canada East in 1858 89 ' ordera I market From the above it will be seen that business has been more healthy in Toronto in 1868 than in 1857, there being a decrease there of 9 failures during the 12 months just ended. Whilst throughout the other portions of Canada Wei>t, there has been an Increase of 109 failures, during the same period. This may be accounted for from the fact of many of the failures In Toronto during the panic of the last 8 months of 1867 having occurred before their effects reached the country towns In the province of Canada West In Montreal again the case Is reversed, there having been 26 more failures In 1868 than there were there In 1867, owing pi*obably to the same cause as already alluded to — that the failures, during the panic of 1867-8, were not announced In Montreal until after 1868 came in, and thus have been included in the returns for 1868. In the remainder of the province of Canada East, the number of failures, announced as being 22 In number for 1858, also shows an Increase of 7 over the previous year (1867). Although these facts show. In 1868, an Increase of failures in Canada West to the extent of sixty-two per cent., and In Canada East of one hundred per cent over those of 1867, It must be borne In mind that such Increase Is to be entirely attributed to the effects of the great panic which set In, in October, 1867 — and that that Increase more properly belongs to the trade of 1867 than that of 1868, as the trade of 1868 has been characterized by extreme caution — and what has been done, has been done safely — to a very great extent During that time the fraudulent and weak in business have been pretty well weeded out — and had the last wheat crop not proved to a very large extent a failure, things would have been much better throughout Canada for the last six months than they were. Business mattera are now, however, upon a sound footing — the principal thing requred being good crops for the next few years in Canada — and more particularly if the crops prove short in Great Britain and Ireland — this, together with an addition to the capital of the country, is what is wanted to render things in Canada as lively and prosperous as ever they were. 00 STATISTICS or rxILUKJCS. FAILURES IN AMERICA IN 1807 AND 1858. l^B following UbiM of Sutistlei rtgarding th« number of (kllnrM whioh hnr* oeeurrcd in th« Unlttd HUt«» sad Caoftda, h«T« b«cn oomptlad by Utmn, B. I)ougl«M A Co., of tha McroantlU Agnnoy, N«w York, from tha liiinionM m»M of information, whioh tha magnl* tuda of tliolr Mtablithmant and butlnata ralationa haa plaoad them in poaaaaaion of. Apart from tlia fkota with whioh thay ara pregnant, they will form, in all time oomtng, intereiting memento of a moat arantftil oommerolal epoch. ■TATUnoa M TO FAILVIB rROM DIO. U, 1807, TO DBA 80, 1808. loealUim. Kaw Yo«K— M. Y. City (Inol. Broolilyn and Wmiburg.). Albany Buffalo Oiwego Rooheiter Syracuie Troy Utica Balance of State PaNNITLTANIA— Pblladelphia PUUburg Balance of State Oaio— Cincinnati Cleveland Balance of State Imdiaha MlCBIOAN— Detroit Balance of State IlLINOia — Chicago Balance of State Iowa— Dubuque Balance of SUte WlBCONBIN — Milwaukee Balance of State MlNMISOTA AND TiRRITOBIIS. DlLAWARB AND DllTBIOT OF COLUMBIA. llASSACHUaBTTS — Boston Balance of State RuoDB Island — Providence Balance of State Connrcticut Mainb Kbw Hahpsbirb Tbrmont Nrw Jersrt Louisiana — New Urleans Balance of State Missouri — St. Louis Balance of State Maryland — Baltimore Balance of State No. 0in 8B 7'J 18 81 89 84 80 447 880 2H 886 96 80 820 180 84 98 117 190 86 108 19 101 68 80 858 280 86 4 61 81 70 67 86 68 6 49 29 68 41 No. 406 28 86 8 16 19 10 10 840 109 88 838 61 17 814 187 87 120 87 806 86 94 81 187 90 46 128 188 17 18 89 61 87 40 60 45 18 20 76 92 1| Duli. 147,682 28,948 68,667 19,885 87,410 l.\034 66,958 89,260 16,188 117,608 42,260 10,102 40,608 20,488 10,714 11,769 44,680 10,246 66,171 18,900 20,417 12,842 80,000 12,816 27,068 18,060 162,095 11,362 180,400 26,250 18,508 13,087 18,2i)7 8,209 18,279 108,862 77,000 49,200 26,300 k 1 Dole. 48,777 15,714 16,665 9,200 88,000 21,500 27,857 21,222 12,698 01,765 27,761 20,088 26,883 16,000 7,817 0,092 38,818 14,429 41,878 16,822 81,788 23,368 14,976 17,779 16,176 6,026 88,976 16,130 22,000 21,071 24,870 10,501 10,896 6,963 12,080 112,604 14,081 65,275 17,688 35,690 21,000 82,U0 6,603 11 Dole. 186,129,000 838,000 4,224,000 161,000 860,000 486,000 1,607,000 686,000 6,789,000 82,054,000 1,188,000 2,288,000 8,808,000 618,000 8,867,000 1,686,000 1,614,000 1,004,000 6,678,000 8,766,000 786,000 1,888,000 880,000 1,244,000 1,706,000 261,000 41,010,000 2,611,000 4,664,000 106,000 1,129,000 1,060,000 928,000 473,000 1,142,000 6,285,000 246,000 6,622,000 433,000 8,206,000 725,000 u il Dola. 17,778,468 846,708 699,940 78,600 846,000 408,500 878,670 818,320 4,816,620 10,008,886 610,743 4,647,666 1,846,638 865,000 1,678,888 1,164,684 1,047,084 1,781,480 8,690,664 4,978.810 836,068 8,196,188 814,476 8,486,788 1,866,840 277,160 4,178,026 1,937,702 874,000 278,088 8,218,480 646,061 403,152 278,720 776,800 8,465,000 341,000 782,980 609,000 2,442,640 520,906 BTATIST1C8 Of rAILURKS. M ffiAnmai u to rAnvBa* rmoM dk. SS, 1R&7, to on. 9S, IHSt. luatikM. i 10 81 80 90 88 7 It) 11 40 1ft 68 81 84 7 4988 sn 100 IS 1« 28 6118 f 11 68 86 844 71 17 4H 86 108 8N 90 80 81 6 1 s KlNTDCBT— LouUtIIU 89,849 82,484 96,083 lt),01I 88,906 44,148 1H.487 40.466 17,800 36,800 18,887 80,748 18,708 86,716 80,869 11,000 10,066 8,060 10.038 48,600 48.474 80,260 16,A06 16.604 ll>.e(M 28,000 u.\m 28.740 767,000 1,007,000 781,000 »H8,no«) 086,000 8O0,»--«t near »• ean b« aiotr Ulnml— from New York to the |irloal|Mil olllae and towni, mora |i«rlloularly (n the north and northweet dtitrletA The (hrea glfen, are Ant elaea, aa well a* emigrant farce p«r railroad all tha way i aleo, par railroad and etaamt>oate, where tha Uttar run. Althounh the farea ft-otn New York to th« north and weat, are profttHdly the aatne, by all the different roulea, yet the rallmad luinpanUe object to publlih emigrant farm, which rendvri a oompllatlon of aueh more than ueua|ly dllTlcnlt. The farea at etat* Buffalo and Dunkirk. Till lluoaoM KiviA Railboao.— (Htatlon, eurncr of Warren ttrrat and College Plaee,) or Limb or Htbambbb to Albany— thenoa tha Nbw Yobh Cintbal Railboad, and othara, ttam there. Tub I'BNuaTLTAMiA Cbntbal Railboad, by way of Phlladvlphla and Pltttburg, on* of tha best made llnee In tha country, and through a beautiful district, now connected right through to Chicago, Tub Baltimobb and Ouio Railboad, through tha far-famed leenery of tha Alleghany Mountalna, and one of the Aneit routea which can ba taken by tourleta. Partial at a Ioh for amount of farea to any given point, may calculate at tii« rata of 8 cent* per mile flrtt claee, and one cent a mile for emigrant claia. Strangera will obaerve that the ferei are etatad In ($) dollara, and (ota.) eanta. For •very dollar count 4«. 3dl atg., and for every cent, ona-halfpanny ttg., which will give travellera from Europa an Idea of tha faree In Britlih money. The faree in the eecond emigrant column, do not Include maali on board tha tteamera on tha Ohio, Mlieourl, and MleelMlppl rlverib Eralgrante proceeding from New York, ara booked at Cattle Garden, or at tha offloa SOS Canal alreat, near Waelilngton ttreet BAHi or rLACi. tTiva DM. from N.Ywk. RalloMi. riMcUM FUM VK H*lliB0 1100 700 19 00 11 00 • 00 6 70 TOO Aurora Alton ii Albany New York. Michigan Kama! Territory. . New York Vermont Ann Arbonr AtchUon. Bttarla Burlington Boonevllla ■ MiMOUri Boiton MaHachuicttf MlMourl WIlCODilD Ohio Bellolt BellefontAlne nioomlngton Buffalo Urockvllle IlllnoU New York Canada West Ohio Cincinnati Camden MluourL Iowa Charlton Now York Creullne ColllnKwood Ohio Canada West 4, U Cobourg FAHIW AMI) DIMTANOEll fKOM NKW YOltlC. 08 i^HnuatUnt i^ M« pr*f*AiHii pngt. MMWfUM mkUk kUllmkl. Mllaa. 8il« S ■a m m ION toot 4M 1148 1804 4A8 WB 497 1878 781 1044 lOM low UM 1870 4M 884 1078 1070 A80 AM 1887 808 (MB 884 474 BO0 1044 490 1860 IIAO 818 999 84S ll9t •81 948 1460 IIM 870 8A4 «i8 4A4 1A88 860 A68 |IN)8 1198 ttOT 4M| 996 76A 8A0 T89 •08 ins 1480 1811 998 1188 1184 401 ll)8B 1989 1688 IT 083 9319 19A0 417 Vfti i-lM kiUIra*). • eta. in«t 8*> T4A 14 00 II U* MOO 81 IM AN «l) 19 BO 18 00 MBO M7A 89 60 87 IM 10 44 8» nB 8a HA to to 88 BO 11 BO 8A 10 19 7B 88 IM 8* BO 87 60 •1 IB 89 W 10 B< 7 IM 89 IM 8» 10 11 40 18 47 40 IM 18 Ml 80 70 81 AO 9 HI 10 88 88 8B 10 AO 83 AO 80 60 93 A«) 87 IM M 8A 88 IM 80 IH) 8A «A 41 00 88 7.5 9 ID 84 SA 83 00 9 AO 48 00 88 IM 13 75 86 IM 83 AO 38 00 11 no 86 70 17 40 10 60 18 90 83 00 91 AO 40 00 87 00 .86 AO 88 AO 89 90 9 85 89 AO Al 00 47 00 00 35 17 2A A4 IM At 00 00 •WK4. PtIM. IUiI'm4 aaiM'M CopttOVB CMM4a W«M MnrVMk I* onto ','.'.'.'.'.'.'. 1* • eta. las IM 4B0 • SO 110 in no 14 80 • BO 880 11 BO 10 IM 15 DO 13 «B 8 8A 8A IN) 18 IM AOO 18 AO 800 9 AO 18 TB lA AO 18 M 11 UO 1 w 4 BO 18 BO 14 BO 7 IM 8 AO IN 00 H (M to IM 10 (M 8 no 8 7A 18 00 • 8S 18 IM 14 00 10 AO 18 IM 18 IM 17 00 9 AO 18 (M 80 00 17 00 11 00 10 AO A no 80 (M IOTA T 7A 11 AO IT 00 13 UU 6 00 13 (M 8 AO 8 00 10 IM 14 00 lA 00 19 AO 18 BO IB T5 T 00 18 AO IBUO 00 18 8 6A 80 00 i6 00 500 BM TB* • •• 11 00 ISO IM • M 8B0 18 60 It 8a 18 BO It BO IIM TSO 18 M 14 00 13 00 11 W 18 UO 17 00 t no 8 BO 13 00 14 50 13 80 9 AO 11 30 11 (M 18 UU 8 00 9B0 19 00 IB 00 6 00 10 IM 8B0 19 00 8TA 10 00 lABO 11 OO 10 AO 7 AO SBO 13 AO 18 00 18 00 9 AO 13 no 18 TA 11 AO 17 TA 18 UO ('a|M VIncenI I'anandiilgiit tllavelanil Colynbua Ohloaio Uairo Okto. It Counoll Btwlk. PV*on Mroll Danvllla Oveaiur • • • t * • • * Dunletlh IMion M u Canada Wmi.!!!! Iowa Dvndaa I>ubui|u« Davanport Dunkirk. It New York Indlaaa. PanaayWula Iowa Ciraaavlll- m* Rdd^vlll* ITorl Waynt Indiana fullon , Illlnola fond du l(o« Ooderloh Orand Kaplda. Canada Weel Mlchliian. CanftiU WmI WUeonitn C«nidftWtil MUaourt Oraotl llavf n llurlcoD Ilainlllon Hannibal Itiwa t'lty Indlanapolbi Inillftiui t. ■ • t Janea villa WUooniln Jaffaraon ( 'It; Mlieourt Katamaioo Kenoahh NlcUian WUeonaIn Kanaai Kaniaa City Keokuk jt Klnnton Iowa Canada Wett Kvniuflkv Loxlngton LoKaniport t.awlalon New York Leavenworth City Lafajrelte Indiana • Ijouiton Canada Weat IlllnoU Laaalle WUconiin Kentucky.. LouUvllla. Montreal Canada Bait Illlnnli Ohio ... Virginia. Ohio Mount Vernon ManaAeld Mlctilgan Lity Indiana Macomb Illlnola Memiihia, via »t. Loula . . . '* vlat'airo Milwaukee Tenneuee Wlaconain ;.'.'.!;!: *i Xowa Madlaon Muicatlne CanH . I • 111 frwiiK frtMnU.i...ii..>i V%r\» furl Hup* hiri iiif .. niUL.irg Cnitlilani'* ,,,,,.,, Piirlan i'liy fuiuWt Uulni'ir,, , liiiiua\ fitlnl lUHne Rock lilanil ,..,,,. HonhMltr. ,,,,,,,. Rnokfiirit Horn* , HutUiiil ,., Hxl Wine MdB*y It MiM fcy ■btlby Dprlnirfltlil. . .(i.i.t ll|>rliiKn«lcl ., Vlirliivfldil Hjrkcuite Wcuhviivlll* MtuiKiwIoii ilrlilK*.. Dt. I,Mato|« Toronto , ToUilo T*rr« lUul* Ilrhkn* ■ IHIaa VliistnnM.. ,.,..,.. Vlcktlmrg ......... WaUrtowu Waltrtnwri Whltawalur WInlvravt Wkuki>ir«n WInniiA Waihliiftun Wlnilaor Whtcllng Wntuii X»nl» ZanfivUU ■ • • * • I t WMft !r»! N«w Ttrt , . . . Omi«i)* Mr Ml. Ntw Vnrk liaaU. ObimiU Wmi . teMl)rlTftlll•. wuH WhMOMU .... V«riiMM Illlnnto N«w V*fk.... WImrmIs .... lUlnoli Nair Vorh ■ . , , imMh Nmp Vnrk . , . . VtroMiil MlDMMt*.... !•»• Ulila MaMaohiwullD. , niiiuiu Ohio Naur Vork Ohio NU|iira , MUaiiurl 1-S lUllxwl MlnnMol* N.w Vorfc <'iiii»il» Wwl Ohio . Inillaiia, , Ohio N«w York ImlUnn. MImUiI|i|iL WUcoiulii N« T« WW I4M Ainl 4 TW t M BOO UM UM S IM II au ITS ITM « INI It 00 • 00 U 00 U TO A DO to M 11 M 18 M II no » no 10 BO I] no « 90 H UO %t>*. • (M. Tm 410 II *y ^* H N <)iii»rlii, m •>•, *ni| lUrun IUU««jr V, R.— 4tr««* WMUrn k4lt«*jr i«ri.*N*tit)N wr inn inituu in fm am tm. r « r N. -4^»H<^f^ »ni| fatuflxifnMfll IUII«*y. Ma T,— BaaUrn T«, l,u»«r I aiUiU. ■liil|?«nt far* by H*ll«»/. u*. w«. m. It*. 94«. 14). IB*. IB*. 1«*. W«. an*. »«, S8«. 16*. 18*. S8«. 94*. Sli«. $m, fLAlKll !.<< VANAUA. BM < All • At) 6 M » vllU HMnti ('i)HilllHlt rill,I.INIIW(K)0 < i>rnw*ll I'lilliorn* I iMltlttnll lil.'iiiiiKiiii't Lkniltng.. ibuAln't Cruak ( llitv*n|iiirl »Vlirrl«i| KitWKrilaliurg Ilitiiiiiii>t|ii*. iUiir«*town ■•.•• llii*l|ih llliiiu'Ml«r. .,....•... (Ull Oriirinn •>•■• HAMILTON Ilnniliiirif |lliilUnil Mnillnf lUriithurf lUrwoiMl ItmlUn VllUft Inaiirinll. KIHli wiaatiinr and Hallway. • •«B. IW. IT*. IIM. ta4. IK*. a. •4*. «<<. I8«. «.i, aa«.«>f. 7*. Bii. from Toronto, n T. and I*, and O. II. [rUliurg. on llamlllon liy II. \V. R. via Mar- HIvaiiivr on 41. T. It (I T. R. fri'in Toronto OH and II. H 0. W. It. from llamlllon. ... (I, and I'. II. from ( 'oliiiur|. (I. W. R. from llamlllon. .. (i. T. II. or Httamrr V, and O. H. from I'rmoott. ■' 0. and H, H. from Cohourg " (). H and M. It. frnin Toronto. . " 0. W. II. from lUmlllon " (I. T. 11. via lllohmond " O. H. and If. It from Toronto. . " U. T. It. or Mtvamer " C. and P. R. from ('ohourg. from Toronto by Ht«ain«r Uy U.T. it il II " " vlaKldimond " O. 8. and II. 11. from Toronto. " P. and O. It. from I'reNi'olt.. .. " " via Keiniilvllla... " 0. T. H. or Hli. UW Oil. 10*. ao«. 14*. 144. M. 10*. iin. M. IV*. M. A7B a HT a 70 4 INI 8 110 :i ao H 79 4 13 a AO 00 96 DISTANCES FROM QUEBEC AND KOUTES ON ST. LAWKENCE. (hnHnuaHon qfprtatding pag*. ■migrant r»t by iUllway. Btarllng, $ou. 4«. too 6<. 9 00 SCO >8«. • BO ie«. 400 80*. 81«. 600 680 1S«. 9««. 876 4 76 600 9 76 %S».M. 7 19 40(. 000 10 00 PLACI8 IN CANADA. Rlohmond, ■. T KoiD«nvlll>) Bherbrook* Bt. Cttharlna'i 8hak«ip«are Btratroril Bpencervllla Bnanonvllla Hoarborougb TOKONTU Thornhlll Tyandenaga Trenton Whllby Wooditook iVIIIIanuburg Weiton Windaor, (oppoilte l>etrott), . 8t. Andrew'i, (N. BruniwIok> Bt Jobn'f, " »6 468 190 6«U 689 680 991 881 488 600 619 877 400 471 687 960 610 681 i)9» 676 ROUTES. I ii 0. T. R., From Hamilton by O. W, R. By U. T. R. from Toronto.. . . U II II II " p. and 0. R. ttom PrMoott.. T. R. or Btaamcr. 8. and H. R. from Toronto. T.R T. R. or Bteamer W. R. from Hamilton T. R. or Bteamer. [ronto. T. or 0. 8. ar, J U R. from To- W. K. from Hamilton j By O.T, R. to Portland.and thenoe ( by Bteamer. Emigrant Far* by Hteamtr and Railway. Sterling. 90*. 96*. 19«. 11«. M. 99«. 16*. 16«. 6^ ? SCK. nlgrant Fvi >y Hteamtr Id Rallwty. rllng. • oU. ). 600 1. 690 1. 800 .W. 4 8T , aoo r. 8 76 . 6d. 4 11 . 6T6 . fld. 8 19 . 6rf. 4 69 . 0S6 igh farei — to lUe. et atated for [ht li allowed « « V ■sss ill a a O of o 2§ ■S H 5 ''- loss 5 9 ♦* ^ i:!E a>