IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ,50 "*^ llll^ «^' IM 112.2 : 1^ 11^ I.I IL25 Ml 1.4 — A" 1.8 1.6 Photographic Sdences Corpcralion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 #'^ -^^ . , V . -O -O" ,^ ^ «,. ^ vV CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Tachnical and Bibliographic Notat/Notas taciiniquas at bibiiographiquas Tha Instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagas in tha raproduction, or which may significantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chaclcad balow. n D D D Coloured covars/ Couvartura da couiaur I — I Covars damagad/ Couvartura andommag^a Covars restorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura rastaurte at/ou palliculAa I — I Covar titia missing/ La titre da couvartura manqua □ Coloured maps/ Cartas g6ographiquas en couleur D Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or blacic)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ I I Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur □ Bound with other material/ ReiiA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion la long de la marge int6rieure Blanit leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se t^eut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAes lors d'une restauration apparaissant dans la taxte, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 f ilm6es. Additional comments:/ Commentairas supplAmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm* le meilleur exempiaire qu'il lui a 4tA possible de se procurer. Les details de cat exempiaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibllographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage sont indiquto ci-dessous. r~| Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurias et/ou pellicul6es Pages discoloured, stained or foxe( Pages d6color6es. tacheties ou piqu6es Pages detached/ Pages ditachies Showthroughy Transparence Quality of prir Quality inigale de I'impressionf Includes supplementary materit Comprend du materiel supplimentaire I I Pages damaged/ I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ r~7] Pages detached/ ry\ Showthrough/ I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I — I Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilnried to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totaiement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont M fiimies A nouveau de fa9on A obtenir la meilleure image possible. El This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checlced below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X ! 1 / 1 i 1 12X 1«X 20X 24X 28X 32X 1 1 1 ills lu Jifier me age The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering tha condition and legibility of the original copy and in Iteeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire filrn^ fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationale du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6X6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimis sont filmds en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^(meaning "CON- TINUED "I, or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »- signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s d des taux de reduction diff6rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. rata lelure. J 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 T'^^^iP ; i\\ HISTORY 0|- THK County of Middlesex I CANADA, From the Earhest Time to the Present ; Containing an Authentic Account of Many Import, .t Matters Relating to the Settlement Prog^^^^^^^ and General History of the County ; and Including a Department Devoted to the Preservation of Personal and Private Records, etc. ILLUSTRATED. 'lEovonto :tiib |;onl)on : ^V. A. & C. L. GOODSPEED, PUULISHERS. 1889. h- LONDON, ONT. ; FREE PRESS PRINTING COMPANY. 'y^ F ■"■^""^ ■ - - -' I F PREFACE. After over ten months of labor, this volume is respectfully tendered to our i)atrons. The design of the work was more to gather and pre- serve in attractive form, while fresh with the evidences of truth, the enormous fund of perishing occurrence, than to abstract from insuffi- cient data remote, doubtful or incorrect philosophical conclusions. The true perspective of the landscape of life can only be seen from the distance that lends enchantment to the view. So short has been the period since the settlement of the County of Middlesex, and so numer- ous and heterogeneous the number of imjwrtant events crowded into the toiling years, that no general attempt was made to prepare a critical or philosophical history. It is asserted that no person is competent to write a philosophical history of his own time ; that, owing to imperfect and conflicting circumstantial evidence that yet conceals, instead of reveals, the truth, he cannot take that correct, unprejudiced, logical, luminous and comprehensive view of passing events that will enable him to draw accurate and enduring con- clusions. The duty, then, of an historian of his own time is to collect, classify and preserve the material for the Alacaulay of the future. The present historian deals in fact; the future historian, in conclusion; the work of the former is statistical; of the latter, philosophical. This volume has been prepared under depressing obstacles, among whicli a lack of paying patronage was chief. In spite of this, the Tublishers have more than complied with their promises iti the enor- mous amount of fact crowded into the solid pages, and in nearly two hundred i)age3 more of matter than were promised. In addition to this, a competent resident of the county was specially employed to read the proofs of the book, that the number of mistakes ; might be limited to the fewest. Much of the volume, in all departments, was compiled by local writers, to whom credit is properly given. THE PUBLISHERS. y i V • i CONTENTS. 'I i CIUrTER I. TOPOOnAPHY AND NATURAL HlSTOHY 11 Soil U Itlver ThnmeM, The 11 Other Streams.. lU (if-oloify Ill ItulldliiK Stone W SiiikI nnd Gravel U Oil WellH 14 Salt Wells U FlreClHV ir. Trees ami Shrubs 15 CHAPTKR II, Indian Hbsidexts Ill Indians. The Karllest Itl Tribal History ... K Indians of ISli 21 Horder Incidents 21 Missions and Clinrehes 25 Marriatres Anionc Indians 2.'> Indian Oranue LodRCS 27 Kacp Statistics 27 Trails 28 CHAPTER III. OcniPATioN ANP Settlement 20 First Settlers 2» ("rown Land Entries 20 Other Settlers 31) Pioneer Malls 33 London Vicinity In 1818 ;M Wolf Story, A 3.5 Colored Inhabitants !t6 '•01d.I()hn Hrown" 3(1 Marriage Laws 'M Pioneer Cabins 39 CHAPTER IV. ESTABMRnMENT OF CHURCHES 41 Catholics, The 41 RnL'lish Church, The 47 Presbyterians, The .11 Presbyterian Ma niaROs 52 Haptist Church. The .M Ministers and Marriages IVi Congreifatlonalists, The 59 Marrtaees, etc 59 Methodist Church, The 60 Their Marriages fil Bible Christians &5 Lutherans «)l Moravians . 67 Other Religious Societies 66 CHAPTER V. Organization of London District.. BO Counties, The First «B 8uarter Sessions Court, The 70 ountv Council. The 74 Early Items 90 County Ituildings 90 I'ltue. House of Refuge 02 Insane Asylum 04 Scott Act, Tlic 05 CHAi'TER VI. Politics FROM I78»< TrKanlzation8 ;«io noarn(twood8 Koad 476 J.and Grants 476 Settlers 478 Aliens. The 477 Officers, etc 47n Incidents 480 CHAPTER XX. Del/.wark Vii.i.AOE, Etc 483 F.arly Appearance 482 Business 48.1 Fires 483 Population 488 KTworth 484 WiMidhull Settlement. The 484 VIllBBe In mi. The 484 liHter Events 484 Ch arches 485 Lodges 48.5 CHAPTER XXI. DOFCH ESTEU TO WN8HIP 486 Location, etc 4»« Official Kecord 48H Sett'ers. The First. ... 487 HesI dents. Later 488 Putr.amvllle 488 HariletsviUe 489 Belmont 41)0 Dorctiestor .Station 491 Nllestown 4«2 Avon 4K1 Crumlln im Gladstone 41>3 Mossley 41)3 CHAPTER XXII. Ekfrid Township 494 Survi.'v of Crown Lands 494 Houfidary. etc 494 Pioneers. The 495 Hecords, The Oldest 495 Officers 496 Agricultural Society 497 Page. Accidents 497 Kkfrld VlUaue 497 Appin 498 Melbourne 499 Middlemiss 499 Strathbum SM Mayfalr 500 Muncey 500 Clirlstlna 600 Kuox Church 800 CHAPTER XXIII. Lono Township 508 liocatlon , 808 Population 502 Official History 503 Pioneers. The 804 Crown I^nd Entries 604 Komoka 508 (Tiurdies 507 Lobo VlllaKe 607 Poplar Hill 508 Colilstream 608 Fornhlll 608 Duncrlef 508 Ivan 6^ Amiens 509 Slddallsvllle 009 CHAPTER XXIV. LoNnoN Township 510 Situation. Streams, etc 510 Hecords. Tlio Early 510 Pioneers 511 Citizens. Pn)inlnent, Early 512 Events of Note 514 Churches 615 Arva. or St. Johns 817 Hyde Park Comer 518 I^ndon West 618 Birr 6-S ElKlnfleld 830 TJenfleld 821 Ilderton 881 Vanneck BBl Bryanston 821 Kingston 833 CHAPTER XXV. I McO ii.i.ivnAY Township 523 ■ Situation. Streams, etc 5^ ! Official Matters 623 Settlers, etc 624 I West McOlllivray 525 Lleury 82.5 I Corbett 625 1 Moray 825 I Brinsley 6^ McC.lllivrav 626 Cliurches. etc 526 Afcrlcultural Society 527 1 CHAPTER XXVI. ] Mbtcai.fe Township .528 Location. Water Courses, etc 528 Crown Land Entries 538 I Incidents 529 ! Settlers. The 531) Napier 530 Churches 5!W Societies 531 I Katesvllle 531 I Wisbeach 532 j Kilmartln S&'. vm CONTENTS. CHAI'TKR XXVII, Mora Township Ha Hltimtliin. Crt'ckK, ets S'W KlrnH B:IS I.fiiiuwood IMB KiiupdHle ftlW Cushroore !i!)(l CIIAPTKR XXVIII. NEwminr Vim-ake .wr Nnmo, The Klr^t M7 MurchaiitH. Thu First SIIT PopiilHtlon S87 Iru^orporntlon, etc S:i8 Schools S3S Klren nm Hocteties SiSt Churches \\n Miscellany 541 CHAPTER XXIX. Wahdsvii.i.e 542 Karlv Aripearancc 543 Mcrdiants, The Mrat M!.' IIUHliicHs Nfen, [,ater 54.1 Popiilatlnn, etc S4iJ Official Matters 543 Fires ■ 644 Societies 645 Churches 646 Schools 540 ' lAPTER XXX. Glencoe MH OrlBln r,4S Orifanlzatlon 548 Commerce 55t nulWlncs 551 Exports and Imports iva Hanks 55;i Schools 5r.3 Churches 554 Klre Department 556 Uanrt 557 Ulflp Association 5.")7 Accidents 558 Societies, Clubs, etc 558 Cemetery 558 Salt Well 558 Mechanics' Institute sm CHAPTER XXXI. Nissonni West Tow.nship 501 Streams. Iloundary. etc ,561 Survey, Land Entries, etc 561 Settlers, The 561 Records. Tlie 563 Thomdale 56,3 Wyton VIllaKC 'i64 St. Ives 564 Helton 565 Devizes .565 Rebecca 665 CHAPTER XXXII. | WESTMINSTBIi TOWNSHIP 566 ' Drainaire, Location, etc R6B StatlstioB 666 I Paaf. Survey, fjind Sales, etc! S67 .'loiictTs, The. 567 Organization, offlcers, etc 6«H I'loni'iT IncldctitM 561) Crown I.iiiidH K.ntered 57tl Old Settlers MvlMif .^75 WcKtiiil'isfer Inxuraiice Company... 675 '"hurchos 576 llyron 677 I.amhcth ; S78 Mall .MIIN 67B I'oiiil Mills S70 (i Ian worth ftSi) Oerwcnt Wl Mapletirove 581 Olendale B81 Maaulre 681 Accidents 581 CHAPTER XXXIII. Lo.NnoN SOI'TH 683 Leadlnir Residents, Some 683 Churches 583 StHtlsfics 683 Schools 584 CHAPTER XXXIV, East Williams Township :m Streams, etc .586 Canada f^ompany. The 586 Mvlnt' Old Settlers 587 < iruHnlzation, Oflicers, etc 687 Churches 588 .MprluKbank and Vicinity 589 Falkirk 5fl0 Nairn S90 CHAPTER XXXV. A ILSA Cn A If} Vri.I.AOE 501 Settler, The First 591 Vlllat'e in IHOH. The 591 Business, The Early 591 Huslness, Later .593 Population 593 Incori}oration ,593 Lodses .594 Accidents 594 CHAPTER XXXVI. West Williams Township SOB Water Courses, etc 596 Organization, etc .598 Settlement 698 Sylvan 598 Uornlsh 599 Afirlcultural Society 600 CHAPTER XXXVII. Parkhill 601 Orisin, The 601 Settlers, The First 601 Business fi03 Manufactories 603 Hanks 604 Organization 605 Schools 60e Fires 608 Accidents 609 Churches «09 Societies, etc 613 CONTBNTS. IX CHAl'TER XXXVIII. Pnuf. OfNEHAl. iTKMH HIS Miilm iiiid WeedH tllii Z.Miliiify Hlrt HtnriiiM Ill" Hiiiii iiiul Know •II'* Diinitloii of Sunshine •Ml* Indliin Suinniep Hilt Arclmoldcy li-ll MlM'i'llany H-it BtiillNtli'H. Kurly IK.M Indi'ljlfiini'Hi'. otc tKl SliillsllcH, Lato ttJH I'dimliitliiri lJi« CIlAl'TKU XXXIX. Uenf.kai, Misci;i.i.anv iWt I'lihllo Srhodls ItK Lonilim SduIIi Schoiili) ttllU ArtSrliool KM AifHcultiirul AsNocliilloii itlT Allxii Craiif Mei'liunlcs' InHtltute 11:17 Mprlnif Show ttW ^i(•ott Art Itc^pciiled IliW SHli'df Kiilrtinmnd Lots ftW Assessment HoU, ISWI IWU l.lciuor Mcensf», |H»ll tUd Western ('onirreifiilional ABsoelutton (Ma Hallway Subsidies tl42 Asylum ImpnivemuntH 04!) Masonle Ortirers 1143 Amaluamatloii of London 8out)i t!4il Law ('anHrt iDjpurts 040 CHAPTKK XL. MiscBl.i.ANV- Continued 047 Hoard of Trade 047 Women's Christian Association fl4H KniKhta of the Maceabees, etc Orit) I'leeadtlly LodRe, Sons of KuKland... tWiO Court Uellaiico ((TiO London Lodne of Punectlon tWHJ Loeal I'oetry 051 Ivllieral Conservatives «M London West Schools OTiJI Typoifraphleal Union OTkl Glent'oe Moehanles' Institute ttVi Strathroy Hoard of Trade tiiii Hank Statement tlTkl Repeal of the Scott Act 0.">4 Good Templars U54 CHAPTER XLI. SUNDIIV HlSTOHICAr^ NOTES OTiO Early Items 050 Small Towns OflO County Postmasters 057 Westminster Township Presbyterian Church 057 Strathroy SprhiB Fair. 188lt 667 Glencoe Statistics, 18»» 050 Glcucoe Presbyterian Clnirch 059 Caradoc Sprinir Show 000 Protestant Home Hoard OtKJ St. George's Church 001 Mechanics' Institute, London 001 Hospital Trust, The 003 Mevlll Masonic Keport tl03 Strathroy Finance Iteport 002 /•f ue. Criminal Statistic* ifclft ( ourt Hobin Hood flOS Hallway Uml Subsidies 606 Church Aj>poliitment8 800 4 ileneoe Lacrosse Club 000 KntomoloKy 008 Old Kolks Concert HOT London Cricket Club Ofl7 Insurance Abstract OWt LiiwviTs Hamiuet OOH S<(ilt Act at Strathrov HU8 (ileui Sprlnit Kalr. IRMi 08B Independent ( )rder of Koresters 009 Mortuary Statistics 070 Methodists. The «70 IJalryliiK Interests 071 oddtellows' Annual Statement. ... 071 Public Hevenuc fl78 Strathroy .Mechanics' Institute 07:4 A.d.r. W 074 Hase Hall Association 074 Papal AKuresslim 074 Presbytery of London 070 Canudliin Padtlc Hallway 0"8 I >lslrlct .Methodist Meellnir... «7M Loyal Onmtte Association 080 Sundry Notes 08t) Physlr'ians 08!) Strathroy Methodists 684 West Middlesex Hefonn Assoclattuu 085 Victoria I'ircle 086 Australian Population ot>0 Colleulate Institute Kxanilnuth>ns, IHWt 080 Scraps of Karly History 088 Karly hair Premiums Oltl Canadian t)rdcr ot Koresters .. 6K) CHArXEIl XLII. ExPi/iR ATioN or Canada 69ft Norse Discoverers, The 6U5 EuKllsh Discoverers, The 095 French Settlements 000 Kxploratlons by the French 697 Chuniulalu 698 Treaties of Peace 700 Con<)uest by the EnRllsh 70!J Canadian Government, Early 7011 Clianues, etc 7(H War of 1813, The 705 Confederation 7()« Upper Canadian Hebelllon 707 BloaHAPHY .09-1076 VIEWS, ETC. Tecumseh, the Shawaneo Chief 26-27 Marquette's Map 4;5-44 Homau Catholic Cathedral K-m View on Kl 'hmoud Street, London.. 125-120 An Old Settler 1I)()-191 London Water-works 271-272 Pheasant H untlntt a.'>2-;i."i;i London .Medical School 401-402 Hellmuth Ladles' Collene 451-4.53 A Midsummer Scene ,')49-,5ai) Masonic Temple, London «0a-fiti4 Site of nn Early Lor Cabin 701-702 A Midwinter Scene 827-828 GeorBe T. Hiscox 8.18-859 BytheHiver 800-910 :■- I ■■■■I HISTORY ~oi- riii:. TY OF Middlesex CHAITER I. TOPOGItAPIlV AND NATURAL IIISTOKY. the SSia^^ S^Hnd HuHIri^ "^""T f'^" "^ -'" ^'^ ^'^ tude 42" 58' 20", and InJ ud'sr 14 8' "hrt^"--' ^'r'"' 'V'^"" the County extended fronT Iik.. l\u.7 r ". u ''' '""' '^^'^» ^'^'er. of Zone TownS to thTl.W ] ni",.^ ' ^"'""' ''"'^^ ^'™» ^he line counties of Midd esex Fl ' L «'"'' '?'^ ""^^' ^'nbracing the 1887 the tot5^!;S\^';^S;c^r7S^Si ^"V^K J" acreage within the boundaries of incorporSod toll' 'Mm'T- °^'t" Creek, ami southwarf ..6°^^ I 7,31' f ' '1 . i' """"''' "'' "«»■■ for it, ™, fertility a„d L lux,„ IT fl f : , „' 2 ■%7''*»We of large size to»etL7w fh fi'„. ' ?"'""'• ""'* "liito-wooil trees of natural prairie of about 30,000 acre, ' ' "" """» e^pitllftL mwuTut-'Ze'^f ™i"r-r ."' ""' *■-»=•■ the estuar, of t|,i, rlvo?S^i,e'"2i"of S'^i tZs^S 12 UISTOItV OK TUK flow into th(! waters eoniu'ctiiig Lakci Huron with Laki; Eric; in fact, tiiose cliildnMi of faith in rolij^ion, in advotiturc, and in cunnncrco, wcri! not seeking,' anythinjj diniinutive in nature. The j^reat kikes and rivers, the liistant MisHissijipi, the far-away " Mountains of tlie Setting Sun," and lh»i savage inlialiitants of tlie utdvnown lands, formed tlu^ (I'ljeets (if (lieir searcii, so that it is not to he wondered at that the jiioiieers of a new worhl ksft to UKsn <»f later days the task of exploring the smaller rivers, lakes and mountains of the continent. In the archives of the Minister of Marine, at Paris, may he found the first chart of the country, now known as the Valley of the Thames. This chart and accoinjtanying rejiort was made to Loins XV's Secretary in 1744, and both were printed thly between London and the water-works at Spritif^bank, from .lune to Se])tember. In the early years of the district, <;rist-mills were erected along its course, and today a few are operated by this water-power. Other Streams. — The Aux Sauble, in the northern and north- western towiislii])s, has jjlayed an important part in the drama of jn'ogress. This river drains an immense area, its liead- waters spreading out in every direction, all'ording water-jiower to many mills, and drainnge advantages to many sections. Jk'ar Creek, the Wye, the two forks of the Thames, and a hundred minor creeks, give a stream to almost every farm, and, with the greater river, contribute lo render bridge and culvert construction a permanent local industry of no small importance, Geolofjy. — Middlesex has never been made the field of extensive geological exjiloration, although scientists have established the f-^ct that at about the same level are found neaily the same deposits as in the country adjacent on the east and south — indicating th{it this section of Canada has not undergone any modern geological disturbance. In 1861-5 the country sufl'ered from an unhealthy oil fever ; but soon after men learned that this was not the region to find a great coal bed, nor yet a great oil fountain. Director Selwyn, of the Canadian Geological Survey, writing under date of June 13, 1888, says : — "About London the country is covered to a depth of more than 100 feet by sand and clay, with pebbles and boulders. Beneath these surface deposits, the whole area of the county is supposed to be underlaid by the Devonian formations — known as the Hamilton shales and the Corniferous limestone. The greater ])art, if not all the oil and salt wells of Ontario, are bored in these formations. At greater depths, the formations which yield the large supplies of gas and oil in Ohio would be found to underlie the whole of the County of Middlesex, and might yield similar valuable deposits. The Trenton limestone, which crops out along the north shore of Lake Ontario, from Kingston to Port Newcastle and through to the Georgian Bay, yields the gas and oil in Ohio, being reached cat a depth of 2,'JOO feet from the surface." Building Stone. — In November, 1843, Surveyor Cull deals very fully with the building of the jail, introducing Tristram Coates, a would-be contractor for lumber, and Garrison & iSifton, cut-stone contractors. It appears that Cull managed to cut oH' these men, and better still, to discover a quarry. Speaking of this (juarry. Cull says : — " I stated to the Council that a valuable quarry had been discovered on the banks of the North River, about four miles from London.* That quarry is believed to contain an almost inexhaustible supply. The proprietor at first demanded as high as twelve shillings and sixpence * F. n. Talbot thinks It is the present Barnes' quarry, six miles distant, while William MoClary thinks it was taken out of Gray's quarry, on the North Branch, two concessioas north of the Asylum.— Ed. / 14 HISTORY OK THE per cord. After some difficulty, an a<»ix'einent was made with liiiii for seven shillings and sixpence ])er cord, and five shillini^s jier cord for quarrying." This stone is very rough, hut dunihle. A good limestone is found in Westminster. Hand and Gravel. — Throughout the county great sand and gravel beds exist. At the beginning of the ])ike roads in this section of Canada, County Engineer Talbot, unacciuainted with these great deposits, suggested the building of charcoal roads ; but his re])ort to the County Council brought out the fact that heavy gravel could be found in every township. Subsequently the toll-road system was introduced, and henceforth the gravel beds of the county offered a wide field for development — particularly at Komoka, in Lobo ; and at Putnam ville, in Dorchester. Oil W('ll8. — The Indians, it is said, used to collect crude petroleum along the Thames in early days and sell it to the pioneers, to be used for lighting purposes as well as axle grease ; but Indian enterprise did not seek below the surface for this very marketable commoditj ; so, that for half a century the so-called oil fountains were left unexplored. iJuring the year 1865, several oil prospectors were in the county, and every day brought an account of .some new well in Delaware, WiUiaras, Adelaide, and even London and tastern townships. In November, the Hicks' oil well was bored — 266 feet — 86 through sand and gravel, 80 through white lime rock, 50 through sand, and 50 through soft lime rock. At 15 feet in the white lime n ck, a vein of black sulphur water was struck. On the evening of November 10th, a crevice in the soft lime rock was tapped when a flow of petroleum-impregnated water was struck, yielding 1,000 barrels per day, of which there were about three barrels of oil. In 1865, Professor Winchell denounced the statement that oil existed in any paying quiintities within Middlesex County ; while T. M. Keynolds, then residing at London, stated that " excellent oil springs existed above and below the Thames Forks." Keynolds based his opinion on statements made by Professor Hall, at the great oil meeting held at the City Hall, October 6th, 1865, who .said that in 1846 he saw two fossils taken from the Thames at London, peculiar to the Hamilton group. The I'rofessor was so earnest in this opinion tliat he purchased an interest in the Hicks' well, then being bored west of the city on the Thames. Previous to this, wild state- ments were made at the oil men's banquet at the Tecumseh House, which the Michigan geologist thought well to deny. At Cashmere, in Mosa ; Sylvan, in West Williams, and on Poore's Farm, in McGillivray, small quantities of oil were produced. Salt Wells. — The Onondaga rock enters Canada on the Niagara Kiver above the falls. In Middlesex County, it is represented in the western townships — at Glencoe, Park Hill, and other places where the salt rock has been penetrated. The salt rock at Warwick was struck iit^ a depth of 1,200 feet, and the salt stratum was pierced to a depth of 100 feet. The rock at Warwick is only 90 feet below the level of COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 15 that at Godoricli, 80 miles north ; 300 feet below the rock at Kincardine, HO miles north of Goderich, and 500 feet below the rock at Inverhuron. The strata from Inverhuron to Warwick is almost identical, being limestone, white flint rock, blue shale, salt rock, and, l)eneath, a spongy sidphtu'ous rock containing sulphur beds. Fire Clay. — In almost every section of the county excellent nuiterial for brick, tile and drain-])i])e manufacture exists. From the ])eriod when the first brickyard was opened on Con. 1 , of Westminster, by the (iriftiths, or that on Ikthurst street, between Tallmt and Kidout, to the present time, Middlesex cream bricks have attained celebrity ; and since the introduction of the Michigaji brick machine, have almost ap])roachod in excellence the manufactures of the Milwaukee, (Wis.) yards. Potter's chay is also found in some ([uantity, and the owners of the liOndon Pottery now propose to use it in some wares, in preference to imjiorted earth. The Tiflany brick machine was invented by Geo. S. Titlany, of Tecuniseh, Mich., while the machine manufactured at Park Hill, is the invention of another citizen. Trt'cs and Shnihs. — In the days of the ])ioneers, the ])lateau of the Thames, the eastern and central part of Dorchester and ])arts of Dela- ware, formed the pine-district. The trees were known as white pine, although in one case — Miles V. Jolly — the latter tried to set aside a contract reserving the white pine on lands purchased from the former, basing his case on the fact tliat the trees were not really white pine, but of some other class of the i)ine family. In the northern part of the county hemlock ]iredominated ; but throughout the maple, oak, elm, and all those hardwood giants of the Canfidian forest attnined a heavy growth. In March, 1 879, a white-wood tree was cut on Donald Mcpherson's farm in East Willian.i, which yielded 6,000 feet of sawn lumber — the butt alone yielding 1,L'00 feet. The product brought $120. fa Le |e Ik e>' 16 msTOKY OK TllK CHArTER II. INDIAN UESIDENTS I'KO.M 1580 TO 1888. Eavlieat Indian Residents. — The Indian, being without a litera- ture, knows notliing of liis origin. Tho Frenchman and Sjianiard found him liere, and learning from liim all he did know, gave; the story to civilization as an Indian legend, while treating the new-found race historically as they found it. The Hurons, originally the Wyandots, were at Quebec in 1534, when Jacques Uartier arrived thtae. Later, they formed an alliance with the Adirondacks, but when the latter Joined the Southern Iroquois Confederacy (about 1580j, the ])restige of the Wyandots be,<;an to fade, and the dispersion of the tribe overall Canada to Lake Ihiron followed. Early in the 16th century, they, with some Mississaugas and members / of other tribes, formed a new confederacy with villages along the | Thames and Lake and Kiver St Clair. In 1649, this new branch of j^ the tribe was dispersed by the Sf)uthern Confederacy. The name originates in the phrase Quelles Hures (What Heads), a])plied by the Erench of Marquette's time on first seeing them in their new western home. During the winter of 1615-16, Champlain visited among the t.J'ibes then inhabiting the Peninsula, formed by Lake Erie and St. Clair river. The country was then inhabited by a tribe, to whom Chami)lain gave the name Neutral Nation, or Nation de T'ruite ; while the whole country west was called Cujichradum, and after the Irocjuois war, Saguinan. The Hurons were, undoubtedly, a branch of the great Algonquin race, which, under .several names, owned Ontario from the Ottawa to Lake Huron. To this Ontario division the general title of Iroquois du Nord was given by the French lor military and political purposes. After the great war of 1649, the Otchipwas and Mississ- augas moved from the South into Canada, and the victorious Iroquois of the South returned to their original homes. The Mississaugas are first named by the French in 1620. Prior to the Revolution they moved from the Upper Lake region and Minnesota to the country east of the Georgian Bay, and in the Albany (N. Y.) Council of 1746 they were taken into the Iroquois Confederacy as the seventh nation. Chfirlevoix speaks of them as having villages at Niagara, on the La Tranchee and on Lake St. Clair subsequent to 1649. They were also known as Souters or Jumpers, and at the close of the eighteenth century seemed to be the sole aboriginal occupiers of what now constitutes the Province of Ontario. Back in the beginnhig of the 15th century the Mohawks, Oneidas, Cayugas, Onondagas, and Senecas, inhabiting what is now the States of New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and roaming at will over I GOUiNTY OK MIDDLKSKX. 17 fcr ndjacont territory, entered into a treaty of friendship, under the title " Five Nations ;" and so, the Iro(iuois, with a few clunifjes, such aa ousting,' the Oneidas and takiiif; the Auc<^ua^'as, continued to live under this treaty for nearly three hunth'ed years, wlien, in 1712, tlie Tuscaroras came from North Carolina to join the confederacy, and were admitted as the sixth nation, since which time the name— Six Nations— has tKjen applied, with thi' (;xct!])tion of tlu; short jieriod, the MissiHsau<,'as held a i)lace in the Council. Their powerful opponents were the Uelawares, Cherokees, Mohi(;ans, Adirondacks and llurons. The hitter's ])(iwer was hmkun alxiut UJ47 hy the terrible Iroipiois, while in Wii'.i the Erie nation was almost wiped out of existence hy the fierce warriors. The Irofpujis on July 11), 17(11, ceded to the liritish all the foliowini,' described tract: — " That vast tract of land or colony called Caiia>;aviavchio, bepinuirg on the north- west side of Cadavachqui (Ontario) Lake, and includes all the land lyinf; between the great lake of Ottawa (Huron), and thv lake called by the natives Sahiijuagc, and by thti ChriMttiins the I^ake of Swecgo (Oswego for Lake Kric), and runs till it butts upon the Twicbtwichs, and is bounded westward by the Twicht 'ichs on the eastward by a place called Quadoge, containing in length about 800 mile.. ..nd breadth 400 miles, including the country where beavers and all sorts of wild game keep, a'r.l the place called TjeHghsasjhrondie, alius Fort Do Trot, or Wawyachttenock (Detroit), and so runs round the Lake of Sweege till you come to a place called Oniardarunda(iuat." Tribal and Individual Hist or n. — The Mohawks, one of the tribes com))osing the Six Nations, were adhenuits of the Iiriti.sh, and in the British service; durinj,' the American Uevolution. They were also known by the Krciidi as AijnicvH. After the war tin,' Mohawks crossed from their temporary honu! on the American side of the Niagara, and ultinuitely settled on a tract of land ou the l>av of Quinte, purchased from the Mis,sis.sau;_;;is by the British for them. The Senecas desired that the Mohawks .should live nearer to them, and ou the latter expressing a desire to accede to the wish of tlu; Senecas, the Government granted them six .siiuare miles on Grand Uiver. Their advent to Canada dates back to 17.S0-1, even before the down- fall of the liritish force under Cornwallis. Brant commanded the whole tribe, with his cousin, John Hrant, an older man, second in command. In 1783-4 the tribe wintered at Cataraqui. riuiyendinagea was the original Indian name of tlui chief, Joseph Brant, lie was born on the banks of the Ohio in 1741', where his fatluir, Tchowaghweiigaraghkwiu, a full-bloixled Mohawk of the Wolf Tribe, hehl sway ; but Soieugarahta — old King Hendrick — was the great chief whom Joseph Brant succeeded John Brant, chief of the Six Nations, died of cholera, at Brantford, Aug. 27, 18;i2. He was the son of the Indian Chief Brant, who died Nov. 24, 1807, while his squaw retired to Grand River, where she also died. His animal pay and jxircjuisitcs, granted him by the BritLsh for his .service against the Americans, amounted to £500 ainuuilly. John Smoke Johnson, a Mohawk chief, who aided the British in 1812-14, died in 1886, aged 94 years. 18 HISTOUY OK TIIK Al'tov a ])iirt nf (lie Oiii'idiis cvthd tlieir liituls iioiir Oiu'ida Lake, N. Y., in 182'.( or IHIiO, tlu\v ini<;i'iitt'il westward in oliar<,'(' of two Chnrcli of Knj^laiul missioiiiirics — Uiivis ami Williams. TIr'v scttlod near (Jrrcn l?av. In 1840, the rtMiiaiiidcr oi tlirir lands was sold, and coming to (,'anaiia they juncliasi'd ■),()()() acres in Delaware townshij), wlicre Moses Schuyler was a chief, and Taylor Dockstader, a large fanner, in IS'.O. In 1S71 this hand numbered 641; in 1881, (188, nntl in 1887, 77"). Their reservation comjirises fi.OOO acres in Dela- ware Towiihlii]", jiurchased by them about 181^8, and held in trust lor them by the (loverninent. ()f their four schools, ont! is ]>resided oV(>r hy a white female teacher, and the others by natives. The ()neida.s belong to the second division of the Western Sui»eiintendency, of which Thomas tJonlon is agent. The Munceys originally belongetl to Pemisylvania, and were among the tribes with whom rer.u's memorable, thoii ,^ unwritten, treaty was made. From this time until the year 17o7 they lived (juietly under British rule. In the series of conflicts which then took jilaco between the Knglish and Kiench troo])s, the Muncey.s invarialily fought under the Engli.sh flag despite all overtures made to them by the French. By a treaty made between them and Sir William .lohnston, commander of the British forces at Fort John.son in 1757, these Indians were iiromised in return for their alliance, the ])rotection of the "Great King Cieorge the Third" against all their enemies; that their material interests should be continuously looked after, ajul the pos- session of their lands guaranteed to them. The Indians, on their jiart, agreed to "ri.se up as one man, and .assist Hi.s Maje.sty'.sarmsin driving the French out of the country." It is upon this treaty, and the ]iro- mises it contained, the IMunceys now rely. The Munceys kept their promises, and wlien the Revolutionary War broke out some years later were moved by their allies to undisturbed Ikitish soil. Colonel Sir William Butler, then con)manding the Royal troops, having said to them on that occasion, that King George Til would rejilace their lo.s.ses in Canadfi. Grants of land were made to all the friendly Indians, excx^])t to the Munceys and the Shawanees, The former ultimately settled on the Grand River, till their services were called for on the outbreak of the War of 1812, when they fought under Tecumseh. When ])eace was proclaimed, the claims of the Munceys (now oidy a remnant of a, tribe) were again overhjoked, but they were allowed to wander at will. Finally they settled where they now are, on land belonging to the Otchipwas, who .allowed them to remain there tem- porarily. Some years later the land was pin-chased of the Otchipwas by the Can.adian Government, but the Munceys have been in possession down to the jn-esent time. The reservation is about seven miles in length, forming an irregular square, and is now intercepted by two railways — the main line of the Canada Southern, .and a loop line of the Grand Trunk. In 1881-2 the ([uestion of evicting the whole tribe wjvs discussed by the Otchipwas and carried to such extremes that Half '■■. COUNTY OK MIDOLKSKX. 19 Moon, an educated youth, was (leputud to visit l'liiliid('l]iliiii in search of evidence to sustain their claims, and the second chief of the trilx;, wlio was also their schoolmaster, to go to p^ngland and luve them before the (k)ueen. Half Moon, however, died, hut the Quakers of the city found the recordfi, and the delej^ate, Wahbunaidvee, who called him- self Scebie Logan, was sent to KnglaiKl. He is a broad shoiddered fellow of five-and-twenty, a full-blooded Indian, having descended from Muncey and Mohir^an jiarenls. In ai)i.earance he |)o,-;.se:-,sep all tho most marked oharaeteristies of the red ra(!e, including the '"..lyy gait which ajipears so ]iri)i linent if Eurojjean costume is worn, but ceases to be ajiparent in Indian costume. He was educated at the Mohawk Institute at Hrantford, Ontario, and was elected second chief of the Muneeys in April, IS81, his selection being on account of his educjv- tion which was su])erior to that of most Indians, and of his being a total abstainer from the destructive fire-wat»^r. Besides being a school- master, he was a substantial farmer. The historic tomahawk, which was carried by their chief through many a battle, and hung in the wigwam's smokci for nuiny a year, was to be jjresented to the (^ueen. In March, 1883, a deputation from the Miinceys visited Ottawa, to ask the Government's assistance in .settling their disjinte with the Otchipwas. In 188G, Inspector Dingman suggested that the Munceys should be left in jiossession of their land.s, except 49(S acres. This area was to be detached in fifty acre tracts from the holdings of James Hull, Jacob Dolson, Jacob, Jose])h and Scebie Logan, Nelli.s, TiuKjthy, the heirs of widow Wilson, and \V. VVaddilove, thirty-eight acres from the lands of James W(jlf, Sampson, John, and liichard Wilson, and seventy acres from James Wolf The Indians ]irott\sted. In 1871 the Mun- ceys nundjered 130; in 1881, 129, and in 1887, 125. Their single school is presided over by a white teacher. Six families of Pottawattamiiis, and three families of half-breeds, who live on this reserve, are not enumerated in the census and tabular statement, as they do not belong to either of the bands owning it, although they are located on the land they occupy. These families, numbering twenty souls, make the number of Indians within the agency 1,378. The Otchipwas, or Chippewas, are, according to liishop Baraga, a branch of the Algonciuin race. They were inhabitants of Nippissing and Lake Superior region before the historic period, and have, since that time, been associated with the Upper Lake country. The name was first given to a band of Ni[)percineans, and ultimately was applied to all speakers of the Nippercinean language, who, in 1649, fell back on Lake Superior before the advancing Irocjuois, just as the Bone (Jave Builders fell back before the Nippevcineans Their dialect was the most refined of all the Indian tongues, and won the praise of the great French students who visited their villiiges. Such historic names as Mudjekeewis, Wanbojug, Andaigweos, and Gitchee Waiskee were applied to the early chiefs, who kept the tribal fire burning perpetually. The first war within the 20 IIISTOIIY 01' TlIK historic period was waj^ed nf^iiiiist tli(( Ui>j)cr Nii)j)erciiieaii3 by the Mt!iiomiiu!03, who (liiinined th« mouth of Mouoiiiiiiee Kivor, and thus ftholislit'd tlu) upjior atur<^(!oii fislii-rios. Tho war riij,'('d from 1627 to 1648 without intermission, and the foud was carried down even to 18o7. Tiieir war aj^ainst the Saulvs l)e<;an about 1519, and continued until nearly tlie whole of Michii,'an anil Canada, from Erie to Nipjiissiui^, bore marks of the strife. Nawassiswanabi succeeded the first chief of the Otc'ii|iwa3 of the Thames. Tomaco, the next chief of importance, was an uncle of the present Nelson Beaver, on his father's side. In 1812, those Indians served with Tecumseh aj,'aiust the Americans. Old Simon, Yahobanco, Miskokoman, .Jim Muskalon<,'e, Kanotain;^, Jim Carey or IJakakadus, and other warriors, are well known names comiected with the war and with this tribe, the ]iresent Nelson Heaver b(!in<^ born within a half mile of Lambeth, in 1819. At this time the tribe was unciviliz(Hl, luit believed in one ruling spirit who would take them west to th(i hajjpy hunting groimds, where huckleberries grew, the bad Indians falling oil' a log into a deep river. In 1851, the Otchijiwas possessed 9,000 acres in Caradoc. At Upjier Muucey or Colborne, at Old Munceytown, and at Hear Creek, on the north line of the reservation, were their settlements. The Munceys settled among the Otchij)was since the begimiing of the present century, and shared in the i)resents annually nuide to the Otchipwas, but not in the aiunial ]>ayment of £000. At U])i)er Muuc(!y, John liiley was Chief and l'et(!r Jones was Methodist Missionary. In 1840, llov. R. Flood was api)ointed Missionary at Old Muucey, and later a church house was erected there. Logan was Chief at this time. The Otchii)was of the Thames, in 1871, numbered 470 ; ui 1881, 483, and in 1S87, 458. With the Munceys they occujiy the Caradoc liesorve. The reserve is com]iosed of the best land in the Townsbij) of Caradoc, and contains 12,095 acres. A very large jjroportion of the waste land belonging to this band has been leased by the Department to white farmers for a short term of years, under conditions of i)aying a certain rental, and im])roving the land by clearing it, making good fences and ditching. The work already done by these lessees has made ji marked improvement. Agent Gordon, in his report of 1887. states : " There are three schools u])on the reserve, all taught by Indian teachers. The attendance at the.se schools is not so numerous as could be wished. Indians are careless, and often inditVerent in sending their children to school. The teachers state that they have done all in their power to get the children to attend, but with indilferent success. The three Indian teachers are very exemplary men ; one of them is head chief of the band, another is chief of the Indians of Ontario, chosen at the last meeting of the Grand Ciiuncil, and the third teacher was lately head chief of the Munceys of the Thames. The new Council house upon the Reserve is just finished, and appears to be a very fine building indeed. It is built of brick with stone foundation, and is 60 by 35 COUNTY Ol' MIDDl.ESKX. •21 feet. Much crtulit is »lui> to tlit! oontriictor lor tlic iiiamior in wliioh Uu! work was dont!. Tiii; Church of Eii<,'luiicl iiiul tlit' Methodist Church of Cmiiida hiivo iilso each a mission on this reserve. Dr. Sinchiir, of Mclhdurne, is their nuMhcal adviser, ami ajipeiirs to he very attentive to tlii'ni T\u' Mount Klyin Industrial Institution, iindi-r the al)l(3 inauiijieinent of th(^ llev. W. W. She|ilu'rd, e(tnt.inues to do j,'()od work. The eliildren in school and in the workshojis un\ niakinj,' very j^t)od proj^ross." I ndhiiiH of IS/:.'. — The Council of I'ota'^wano, now I'oinL lylward, was held about 177"). The (iuesti, the Indians of the Western and London Districts held a great council on the St. Clair iliver, at wliich it was decided to c^iijiture and kill all American sympathizers on each side of the river. A friendly s(|uaw gave the alarm, and the greater number fled to Detroit; but King, an Englishman, who settled in Canada, did not thiidv they would harm him ; but next day, he and a, man named Kodd, husband of old mother Kodd, were .shot and killeil — the Indians not a])proaching near enough to recognize; them as Englishmen. AnioTig the savages engaged in this all'air were Old Salt, Black Foot, Wa])oose (the medicine man), and Wawanosh, who died at Sarnia about 1878. For those miscreants the British erected hou.ses in 1828 near Sarnia, building material and shingles being purchased from Burtch, of Port Huron. At Marine City, and, indeed, along the American bank of the St. Clair Iliver, the settlers suffered much during the War of 1812-14. Families were marked out for Indian vengeance by the British on account of the older boys being in the American 22 II18Tf)RY OK TIIK army, and it wum crniiiuoii for n niotlirr iind \\ov rliilihcii to hidi! in the willdw ^'I'ovcs for weeks. The tiajiedy at HuiKui's Creek, a few iiiilos noiitli of I'oi't lluroii, piiiiils out the iiiaiiiier in which this war woa condiietetl ill Western Canada A jiarty of fiv(i soIdierH started from Fort (iraliot to row to Detroit. A eoni|iany of liuhaiis nmier Tawus, ft (piartt-r-lireeil, was at this |>oint awaiting' them, and, when the sohliers uppeared, lioisted a white ila^,' to decoy them. Tlie troops, unfortu- nately, rowed toward the creek ; lint wiien close tH. In Inter years he [terfonned feiit.s of valor Inr the Hrilish at hanihisky, wliieh won for liini the name of lH>ing the j,'reatest warrior and cliief of his tribe. He, with Manito Corhay and sixteen otlier warriors, was afterwards sent out l>y tlie British Coinnumdant at Detroit to reconnoitre as far as tlie Uritisli rendezvous at Saiuhisky. They andmshed a Jiarty of mounted American rifle- men, hut sullered so terrihiy from tlie char)^(! which followed, that they woulroved to bo an Oneida. Ueuv(a' anid to him: — " What are you sa)"..i<; ? You're a blacker Indian than 1 am, and yet you can't speak Indi.m. You're a fool Can you talk anythiiii,' ?" The query led to a quarrel ; Ijoth Indians took oil' their blanket rolls or budgets, but the moment the to 1870, with the exception of a few years; SaMiuol D. llice, 1849; Samuel Hose, 1850-5, with John SuJiday and A. Sickles, assistants ; James MusgTOve, 185ti-62, with Chase, Sickles and Matt. Whiting, assistants; Francis Berry and Sickles served from lStJ4 to 1866. In 1860, the IMount Elgin school was placed in charge of Reuben E. Tup]ier, and the mission in charge of Peter German, both of whom served until 1870 A year later, the school and mission work were reunited, with James Gray in charge. He was succeeded in 1 872 by Ephraim Evans and Allan Salt, who were the ])reachers in 1873, the membershij) being then 141. The Muncey Indian Mission of the Methodist Church of Canada was jiresided over from 1874 to 1880 by Thomas Cosford. Allan Salt assisted in 1874; Samuel Tucker, in 1875-7; Abel Edwards, in 1878-80; W. W. Shepherd and A. Edwards, in 1881-3, while Abel Edwards and W. W. Shepherd served in 1884, at the time of the second Methodist union. In early years the old Indians arranged many, if not all of the mar- riages ; later the young warriors arranged matters with the girl, and later still, even in this day, a system of jn-omiscuous living together was introduced, not over one half of the number at present availing themselves of the marriage ceremony. In fact, in Nelson Beaver's early years, girls did not run at large ; but the matter of inter-soxual honor has now almost disapjieared, and white children are also very common. Bev. Ezra Adams, of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, joined the following natives in marriage during the years 1834-5 : Lt |e Is b Sept. 1, 1834 — James Thomas, to Peggy; Seneca Jack, to Polly Beaver; Henry Maskaiioorgaiiinl, to Eliza. Nuv. 12 — Tallmt Chief, to Margaret AVabesenasecpia. Dec. 2 — James Tunkcy, to Mnrparot. Feb. IP, 1835 — George Peter, to Ohpetapowi|iia. Feb. 1 — James E<;g, to Matilda (^iiawi. Feb, 1 — James Kewa(|uam, to Polly Ohnahpe- wanoqua. Sej)t. 1, 1834 — John Maskanonge, to Jane Stagway, 26 HISTOKY OF THE III Tlie following record by Solomon Waldroii, minister of the Wea- leyaii Methodist Church at Miinceytown, was made in 1836; David Sawyer, being a witness in each case : Jan. 3— Jolin Tomico, to Elizabeth Half Moon ; Isaan Dolson, to Electa Tipic Rises ; Polly Quaitloop, to John Dolsou. Feb. 10 — Joseph Deertail, to Nancy Loon. May 3 — Waginge Kond, to Nancy Caleb ; John Keaver, to Hannah Elmore ; John ileaver, 2nd, to Eliza Kishekains. July 17 — John Quaitloo|), to Polly Hean. Abram Sickles, an Indian minister, made the following returns in October, 1850 : May 14, 1848 — David Lunduff, to Margaret Shallo, of Delaware. Dec. 21 — Daniel Ninhani, to Margaret Doxdater, of Delaware. Jan. 21, 1849 — Nicholas Nich- olas, to Mary Ann Williams, of Delaware. Juno 17 — Bajxlist Sumner, to Nelly Schegler, of Delaware. June 17 — Abram Schegler, to Susannah WillianiN, of Dela- ware. June 19 — John Bread, to Mary Lsland, of Delaware. July 10 — Charles Bate- man, to Mary A. Ewerren, of Caradoe. April 14, 1850 — Peter Alvarn, to Margaret Andone, of Delaware. Oct. 13 — John Nicholas, to Margaret Elem, of Delaware. His certificate reads as follows : — " I certify that the above mar- riages were i)erfornied by me within the period included bi-tween the first and last on the list; and that my not having made tlie returns within a year after the first was solemnized, arose i'rom my gnorance of the law — being an Indian and not long resident," The principal Munceys, who were members of the English Church in 1847, were Henry C. Hogg, catechist; Mrs. Hogg, J. AV'ampum (Kachnakaish), interpreter; Mrs Wampum, Ann Johnston (Ainhah- wooky), Capt. Wolfe (Weirchawk), Phcebe Hank (Aishkunl.g), Mary Hank (Tahtapenawh), David Hank, Abram Hoff, Win. Waddilove (Shapaisli), John Smith, Mary Delaware (Waimlaish), Mos'js Shuyler, Mary Wilco.x (Papatahpahnelaiky), I.)avid Bear (Maquah), Thomas and Nancy Wahcosh. In 1851, Rev. li. Flood was a})pointed to the Muncey Mission, In 1859-60, Rev. A. Rotts presided over the EugLsh Church at Munceytown. H. C. Hogg's name appears as an incorp :)rated member in 1857. In 1861-2, Rev. R. Flood took charge ol this and the Delaware Church. In 1865, Rev. H. P. Chase was a;>pointed over St. Paul's, at Muncey, and St. John's, at Chippewa. In 1869, Zion Church, of the Oneidas, was established. In 1885, Rev. A. G. Smith took charge of the three Indian Churches. The Oneida Methodist Mission was part of Muncey until 1871, when William Cross was appointed preacher. The Oneida Indian Mission of the Methodist Church of Canada succeeded the Wesleyan Mission in 1874, with William Cross preticher. In 1877, Elisha Tennant took charge; in 1879, Benj. Sherlock; in 1880-3, Erastus Hurlburt, with A. Sickles; in 1884, E. Hurlburt at Muncey, with John Kirkland and Sam, G. Livingstone at the College. Mount Elgin Industrial Institution may be said to date back to 1845, when Peter Jones collected moneys in England and Scotland, to Ind, TECUMSEH, THE SHAWAKEE CHIEF. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 27 and had his Indians contribute also. In 1847-8, the buildings were er(>cted, and in 1849 the Institution was opened, with llov. Dr. Rice, Su{)erintendent. Since that time the names of Methodist ministers, connected with the Institution and Mission, are named in the history of the Mission. In June, 1887, W. W. Sheplierd, present Principal, reported favorably of this school. Loyal Ordnge Lodges. — In connection with the churches and schools, there are a few Loyal Orange Lodges, the members of which ptirade on every 12th of .Tuly with band and regalia. As a rule, fire- water is freely used on the occasion ; but the Lodges, after all, compare very favorably with those of their white brethren. The tribes have also an agricultural organization and an annual fair. Indian Statistics. — On June 10, 1857, an act was assented to ])roviding for the gi'adual civilization of the Indians and the removal of all legal distinctions between them and other subjects. The expenditures on account of Indians in 1886-7 amounted to $53,604.90 for Ontario and Quebec; §6,038.01 for Nova Scotia; $6,049.08 for New Brunswick ; $2,135.26 for Prince Edward Island ; $61,076.40 for British Columbia; $1,072,397.67 for Manitoba and the North-west. The tribes rej)resented now in Quebec and Ontario, with the receipts credited up to June 30, 1886, are given as follows : Otchipwas of Sarnia, $200,755.87 ; Otchipwas of Thames, $77,332.61 ; Munceys of Thames, $2,805.09; Oneidas of Thames, $662.89; Moravian." of Thames, $167,018.70 ; Pottawattimiies of Walpole Island, $6,806.90 ; Otchipwas of Walpole Island, $74,648.60 ; Batchewana Indians, $4,468.40 ; Otchipwas of Beausoleil, $59,748.80 ; Otchipwas of Nawash, $367,753.08 ; Otchipwas of Hand, $54,895.44 ; Otchipwas of Saugeen, $289,852.91 ; Otchipwas of Snake Island, $25,972.61 ; Fort William band, $14,148.28 ; French River band, $928.67 ; Garden River Indians, $36,761.85; Henvey's Inlet Indians, $7,561.05; Lake Nippissing Indians, $29,829.50; Manitoulin Indians (unceded), $2,53036; Maganetewans, $582.57 ; Mississaugas of Alnwick, $80,0;i3.84 ; Mississaugas of Credit, $120,423.49; Mississaugas of Rice Lake, $22,831.04; Mis.sissaugas of Mud Lake, $38,231.38; Missis-saugas of Scugog, $11,895.69; Mis.sissaugas of Bay of Quinte, $134,924.98; Ojibbewas and Ottawas of Manitoulin, $117,794.94; Ojibbewas of Lake Huron, $61,357.59 ; Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, $50,917. 64; Ojibbewas of the Missisisauga River, $4,695.49 ; Parry Island Indians, $45,365.26 ; Serpent River Indians, $3,004 ; Six Nations, $915,988.30 ; Shawana) Thames River to Lake St. Clair, and the fifth by Niagara. The latter route was seldom chosen, owing to the savage character of the New York Indians, as well as the rough character of the route. So soon as Upper Canada was organized for the purjio.ses of Government, two great highways were established — Yoiige and Dundas streets; and from this beginning the modern system of roads spread out. COUNTY OF MIDDLKSF.X. 29 CHAITER III. OCCUPATION AND SETTLEMENT. I by iite .ake ,nie» oute 'ork as two and nctroHpifdltni. — Wlnni tlic y)ioneeri came for tlio Fii'st tiino to tin; Indiati canij) <,'nmii(I.s aloiig tlio Tliaiiu's, tlioy beholtl spreatl out bcfoio them, as far as their vision could reitch, one of nature's most beautiful panoramas — a land wiiich f,'ave jn'omise, tIir()U<,'h the perfection of its natural resources, of a future that f-inne day wonld become excellent in every detail of civilization, if not celebrated in the annals of history. That condition, tium so tiimly foreshiulowetl, has at last been realized. Scarcely eighty years havt; ])asscd by, and the scen(!S that then held the forms of the wilderness, now mov(i onward to the notes of the plowman's whistle, the faithful call of domestic animals, the constant whirling sound of busy machinery, the shrill iKttes of the locomotive, the laborer's song, and school children's hap]iy shouts. Less than eighty years ago wild flowers bloomed in countless profusion and variety on these lands, and the sons of civilized life had scarcely invaded the precincts of the great wilderness ; now all is changed. The whole country teems with the fruits of industry and jieaci!, and thousands of hap])y families dwcdl in hajipy homes. What a marvellous transformation! The country is aged already, so precocious has been its development. Fird ScUlcmciits in flic (aunfi/. — Who were those white travellers who fu'st entered the forests to carve out a home :* They were Americans, driven from their country Ijy the sentimcTital grievance which the new liepublic created. In the dee]) Canadian woods they had time for reflection, and, within a decade after settlement, their studies took shape, and again they are fouml among the soldiers of the Union they once deserted. l)i;laware is credited with the first settlenuMits made, in what now constitutes Middlesex County. Ethan Allan (son of Elienezer), and -lasj)er Crow (his brother-in-law), two Americans, who fled from their country rather than serve it, located their gardens iilong the Thames, and for some years resided there. During those years the glory of the young Republic floated as a vision before them, so that when the Union re([uired new troops for a new war, Allan and Crow were among the very first to answer the ciOl. In 1812, Allan bid farewell to his Canadian home forever, and was followed by Crow, who left his wife and family the fanu which he had improved. * Ebenezer Allan, to whom Governor Simcoe gi-antcd 2,2U0 acres, in Delaware, in 1793, for his services in leading the Indians against * The story of the two men, and of the father's motley family, belongs to the history of Delaware Township, where it is given. / 30 HISTOKY 01' TIIK the AiiR'nciuiH, in 177rt-8I, sold, within sRvon yours, his jimnt for £.'i,0(IO, and Delinviiii' cnlorcMl on its ciircer of jn'osperity. In 1797, tho Sprin^'ors canic, followed by th<' Woodlmlls in 1798, and then ii steady tide of ininiipation tilled llie county. The first settlement of (he t^aslern townships was made in 1794, the followiiij,' letter yivinj; the story of the jiioneers : — 1n(;kiinoj.i., Nov. T), 1888. Mr. WilUnm MtClarii : — Your card received, and in reply, as William is a noted name, I will give you Nonie faints. My grandfather's name was William Reynolds. Ho and Major Ingersoll, who was a resident of New York, came to Canada in 1773 (1793), and applied to Governor Simcoe, who resided at Niagara, for a grant of land in the Township of Dorchester, to my grandfather, and in Oxford to Mr. Ingersoll, pro- viding each would cause lifty settlers to come into the township ; and the following year moved into Dorchester, whicli would be 1774 {17!)4). He was not alile to get the required number of settlors. Tho (iovernor withdrew his offer and gave my grand- father 1,000 acres, and each of his children 200 acres He then had live boys and two daughters. Tho same year my father was married to Sarah Stevens, of Burford, and settled in the township next his father, and heliied to build a saw-mill near where a flouring-mill (Cartwright's) now stands. At that time there was not a white man, save his employes, in the township. My brother David, who now lives in Potrolea, was the first white child born in Dorchester. Mr. Seth Putnam moved into the town- ship six years later. It would take me several days to give a full history of the hard- ships, they being surrounded by Indians camps ; would further say I now hold the old crown deed to my grandfather, and I know these dates are true. Yours, very truly, J. S. REYNOLDS. Oiliai' Prominent Sciflcis. — Tiiere is another ])ioneer of this district whose namt! finds mention in almost every cha])ter of the general history of Middlesex. His advent to, and life in, the Erie country — mysterious and eccentric — seems like a ])rovision of Providence ; for it required just such a character to win from the impoverished hearths of Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland, the hone and sinew able to co])e with the wild country, which he determined to open up. Thomas Talbot, born at Malahide, Dublin Co., Ireland, in 1771, was Colonel in the 24th British Kegiment at Quebec, in 1790, and in 1791 was a))pointed aide-de-camp to Governor Simcoe. In the latter's letter of Feb. 11, 1803, he states that young Talbot accompanied him into Upper Canada as his confidential secretary. Four years after this (1795) he was ordered home to join the oth Kegiment in Flanders. Simcoe recommended him to Lord Hobart, Secretary of the Colonies, and begged for him 5,000 acres of land, as a resident field oflicer, to be located in Yarmouth Township, and the remainder of that township to he reserved for him, and granted to him at the rate of 200 acres for each family he may locate thereon — 50 acres to be given to such family, and 150 acres held by him.self. The Governor stated that young Talbot's ])]an was to introduce himself to the body of Welch and Scotch, who arrived in New York in 1801, and win them over to coloni/e Yarmouth, as well as to help him in the cultivation of hemp, for which the township was so well adapted. The recommendations of COUNTY OK MIDULKSKX. 81 |ucs, be IP ^^ jach )ung land IV to [iinp, jsof Sinicoe were curried out, find fiirlhor lu!W,s, OIK! of tlicrii iiflciWiinl-t ( iL'iiiMiil Lonl Airev, of (Jriiiiciin fume, attciiiplcHl to Hliart; his .soliLiulc, Itiit in vain. Then liis oiio faitlifiil servant, .)(!tlrcy, died. Thu ri'dusc liaii siicoeiuled in creatin;; aruinxl liini an absoliih! Void, for no ncronnt is Uikvn of tli(! birds of prey tlial hovered uhoiit. Welhii^'ton, his first eoniiiunioii and last of his friends, was liorne to his loinli in the crypt of St. I'anl's, amid all the iiiii|;iiili('ent woe of a State funeral. Tiiree nioiilhs later poor Talltot also died. It was the depth of winter and liitterly cold. In the ]>ro<,'ress of the remains from London, where Ik^ died, to the (piiet nook hy tlu; lake- shore, the deceased lay all nij^iit, ne,L;leeted and forsakcin, in tlu^ barn of a roadside inn. * « * What was the mystery in this lonely man's life ;• » * * Charlevoi.x's de8crij)tion of this Erie shore had cast a spell upon him." Duriiii,' till! Talliot era the way.s of the country were ja'iiuitive ijideed lie maintained a peculiar rule Xu one was eonsiden^d by him his e(|ual, and the settlers who hail f,'athered round his woodland castle were as unfamiliar with him alter forty years' ac((uaintance.ship as at its bej^inninj; New men, howevcir, came on the .scene, and innovations on feudal cu.stoms were spoken of. Men came to work amid the foiests — not to bow to another man. A new system was •gradually built up, and within a few years a boily of independent yeomen had their own society and constitutions without considtinj,' the hermit Colonel. Thomas Meek, the iii^'ht turnkey of the county Jail, who canu! to reside in Port Stanley in I81.S, relates "that dininj,' mid- winter and Clnistmas Wuw, ht^ had often yoked in the oxen, and on a rouj^h ' bush-whacker' slei<,'h, had taken half-a-dozen farmers' dauj,'h- ters anil their sturdy sweetlie;iri ; for a ride over tlie rouj^h forest road. The.s(! were oeeasions for the outburst of uniisual hilarity, and the ^drls lauu;heil as loudly as their lun<,'s jjcrniitted, without the slightest fear (jf disturbin<,' the nearest settler, several miles away. And if .lack Chop]ier did squeeze Mary itakei', and perhajis <^et a ])hilopena on the •firl next to him, nobody taikeil about it, or thonnJit any the less of either .lohn or Mary, in another cabin, that looked out upon nothing }jul leafless tn.'es, the old scittler took down the thund)-niark(!d family Hible, and read tlu^ story of our Saviour's birth in the little Nazarene village, but beyond this, necessity limited their festivities to the minimum." It is said that on account of the absence' of the annual almanac, .some of the old settlers actually forgot the days of the month, and either let Christmas slij) by without knowing it, or celebrated the event in the middle of J)ecendjer or away along in January. But who could blame them if they did ^ " Why, we didn't care a fig about the day of the week or month," said this silver-locked old ])ioneer, " and the wolves howled around the hou.se as loudly on Clnistmas Eve as any other night in the year What we wanted was to get these big trees out of the road, and then go in for fun and keeping track of dates (JOIJNTY or MIDKI.KSKX. 33 jiftorwivnls. When Loiuloii, or ' Tlu! Koik.s,' as if wiis then nailed, liad a.ssiniu<(l all (lit! im|inrtaiic(' of ti village, |iaroiitH, Itciil on llu; |mr- cliaso of soiiu! toy to Mil tlic lioiiic-inatlt! stookinj,' of tlu; littli! <,'irl.s and linys, thron^'tMl Uit! coiiu'i' stort! ami tint Coiiil House siiuare with the same enthusiasm Ihal they oiowd Dnndas and Jiichniond streets fo-day. It was, iti faet, a j^reat nij^ht anionj? the villa,i,'ers, and, in Westminster and London townsliijis, was looked ujxin as the best time in the year for a rollicking jiarty. Ami (hose were partii^s of (he real old i)rand, too." Squire Matthews, in his reference to London, slates that Dennis O'lirien kept a little low huilding where. D'Mara ISros hud their ])ork ]»ackery on West Dundas street, in ISSl ; whih; ]Me(Jre','or kej)t an equally small tavern close by. (Jeo. (lotidhue, altout this time, had a small store on the 1st {Concession of Westminster ; and there was also an asliery and dry goods store. Uefore those houses were established, the s(!ttlers luul to go to Five Stakes, ni'iir St. Thoma.s, to Hamilton's store, on Ketth; Creek, when; he made them pay 7") cents per yard for factory cloth. Wheat was only worth 37.1 cents jier bu.shel, and for it they would receive goods or black salt, but no cash ; there was no cash. This black salt was made out of lye and ashes. Mr. Mat- thews made tons of it, burning uj) hjg jiiles on pnrjioso to obtain ashes This was hard work, but necessary to obtain cash, as cash was necessary to liuy leather and .salt. When thiiV hail a barrel ready they Avonld .start for Keith; Creek with wagon and oxen; a trip that occupied thirty hours then, if they did not camp out at night. Crossing the Thames was a dangerous jiroceeding even then, and the Sipiire has seen oxen, wagon, liarrels and driver swimming that river. I'lDiicir xMdiln — Danicd Siainger settled in Delaware in 1797, and soon after was ai>]iointed jiostmaster, this being the only otlice between Sandwich anil ]3urford, or in a distance of IGO miles. In 1810, an oOice was established at McCregor's Creek, Chatham, with Wm. McCrea, master. Two Frenchmen, the Souggnay brothers, strong and very energetic men, carried the mail from Sandwich to Toronto once a month, while Wni. McGuftin, a short Irishman, carried the mail from Delaware to Lnrford Mail for We.'stniinster or London had to Ix; called for at Delaware; but about lS2o mail (news))a})er) was left at Nathan Gi'itlith's Hotel, in Westminster. I'rior to the establishment of the London otlice, Capt. Thomas Lawra,son kept the oflice in his small store, 120 rods east of the bridge, on the London and Byron road ; then came Ira Scolield, who was the first postmaster at liondon. John Harris filled the otKce later during (Joodhue's susjiension. In these old times a ])ayment of six shillings was often demanded for the delivery of some loving message from beyond the oci'aii, while smaller sums were charged for letters from America, as the settlers then styled the United States. The postmasters in 1831 were Charles Berczy, at Amherstburg ; Joseph Defried, of Hayham ; Geo. Goodhue, of London ; John 34 IIIHTOUY OK TIIK Hostwick, of Tort Stanley ; K. I- Walsli, of Vitfoiia, ami It. MirKctiiiy, of Yaniioiitli. Tlui mtca of postaj^c were four and a-lialf pcnco, not exct'filiiii,' (>') iiiilf'^; stiveiipciicc, not cxct'cdinj,' 10(1; iiiiu'pt'nco, not excL't'din^' "JOO, and twoju'iic" fii(li>i> X(i(jlib(trliiiii(l ill tS/S. — Thoma.s Web.ster, writini,' from Newhiiry, Dec. 5, 1878, .sjieaks of London as he saw it sixty years before, thus: — " In the summer and fall of 1818 the jpeopleeomnKJiired crcssing the river a hall'-mihi litdow tlui Forks, hy mean.s of a canoe ke])t by one Montaj^Ui;, or by ibrdiii;.,' when the water was low. The travellers would halt at Montaigne's Kiat.s afti'rwards called Kent's Flats (we.st of the North liranch), to refresh them.selves and their cattle. The forest alon<,' the banks had a .i,'rand and iinjiosing appear- ance, and especially so on a fine evening when the .setting sun cast its mellow rays on the dee]) green foliage of the trees on the elevated landscape, or on the tinteil leaves of every hue, in the fall of the year. At such times the scene was grand beyond the povvisrs of des- cription. The writtir ,sat down at his first London cam]) fire in com- pany with his father's fannly and Thomas Htdton, March 18, 181 '.t, on the Towidine between the Gore of London and Dorchester, nor far north of where tli(( (Jrand Truid< It. It crosses the briilge at the Town- line road. 1 visited the Town ]ilot in (piest of game, and llu^ Forks in quest of fish. The ground on which the city is now built, was then covered with a dense, dark forest ; north of Dundas street, and in somn places south of it, was a thick jiinery. Hehind wluire the old barracks were built, and on the; rising land i\orth of the old fair grounds, and olV the little stream, then called Phiglish's Creek, which runs into Lak(^ Horn, was a heavy growth of oak, intvple, and beech ; while down in the direction of the railroad station was hard wood mixed with ])ine ; more esi)ecially .so to the east. In the vicinity of Strong's hotel was a narrow, deep, swamp, running toward the old tanneries west of the railroad station. In some i)laces the small brush wood stood very- close and was covered with creejiers and vines, often yiresenting a very annoying obstruction to the eager hunter. Along the banks of both COUNTY nK MIDDI.KSKX. 36 rivers tlio wild pluin, Imwtliorii, cnili-iiiiiilc, luid ^'rapt', <,'ri'\v in iilumd- uiico. Tlif waters wen; literally swanniiij; witli (isli, and the cdilit's were ol'lcii ruvtMcd with wild ducks. In tlm Iniisli niii^'lit lie Iieard the (hiiniinin;^ lA the piirtridiie, the calls of the tnaj^'nilicenl wild turkey, ale lathes now traverse the streets. Then! th(( Indian then tracked his j,'aine throu;,'b the deep woods amid silence and .solitude; but ntiw he, too, like the deer, has nearly vanished trom the land." The Court House and Gaol, at Vittoria, near l.onj; Point, haviuot and others jiushed the claims of London, and won. A considerable portion of the town plot, at the fork.s, was inimedialely surveyed into half \u:\v. lots, to be granted free tf) all mechanics who wonlil clear oil' the lot, and erect thereon a frame house 1S.\L'4 feet, oiu' and adialf story high. Mr. Mcdregor ]iut uji the first house; others followed, and within a few weeks a small frame house was built, for court-room and prisim, and the first court held therein in January, 1S27. A Wolf Story. — In other pages reference is made to the bunting ex])loits of .[Abraham I'atrii^k, ami other pioneers, as well us to the Indian hunters. Hero, however, is given a ((uaint story of an adventure with a wolf, by men who were not hunters, and knew comparatively little of the wild animals which then iidiabited the forests. Hiram Dell tells the following story: — "I caught another very large wolf about half a mile back in the woods, and lie brought the trap clear uj) to the barn, but being unable to climb the fence, he sought shelter under a log-heaj), where I found him. I called to a neighbor to bring his traj) and dogs, as I had a wolf in a log-heap. He and other neighbors, with their wives, were soon on the ground to see the fun. One neighbor set his trap, and, crawling into the log heap, placed it on one of the wolfs feet ; then the animal was drawn out. 31) IlISTOUV OK TIIK li 1! Till! (l()<,'.s iittackcil him, iiiid it would have done you <^nod to see the fur ily. When the wolf liiid one doi,' down the olher two were on his hack. He would then let the under do<4 j^o, and take another one ilown ; still, the do^^s had the advantage, as then; were three of them, and the wolf had two trap.i attaclu'd to him. After awhile the wolf laid down, and when the doj,'.s would come near ho would snap at them, ^ly neij^hbor said, ' I will .^oon fix him so he cannot bite the do<.!s!' and, jfettin<> a stick, jilaced it on the wolfs neck, so as to f,'ive the doL,'S a cliance to take liim by the throat, in doini; this the stick broke, and the neij^hbor fell witli Ins head on the woir.s head. IJoth were terrified. The ni'ijihbor'.s wifi-'s scream scared the wolf, and, I icrhajis, the husband, fur he mad(! the iiLstest mo*' in <,'ettiiiu away he was ever known to make in his lift;. 1 iiiuimately .shot the animal, which stood three feet hi;.;h, and weighed over one hundred ](ound.s." Ciilttvvd Si'tllers and Visifovfi. — The Wilherforce Colored Colony was located near Lucan, in the thirties, by friendly Quakers of Uhio, and thenceforward Canada became the Mecca of the .slaves. The .settle- ment of r('fu;j;ee slaves along the Thames, from London to Lake .St. Clair, dates baci. to 1S49, when tin; underground railroad was first conceivcid in the United Stales. Uetween the years I.S5G and LSoO, this remarkable railroad, without rails, conducted large numbers of negroes into this western district. It is related that in January, l.sr>!», the famous John Brown .set out for Canada with twelve refugee slaves, and on March 12, that year, arrived here with them, three or foui' of whom reside still along the Thfimes. During the trip from l^lissouri, the famous abolitioni.st had many ad\enture.s, one of which, known as "The Haltle of the Spurs," gave Ih'own a decisive victory. A Refugee Cliai)el and Alms Hou,])lied the term Jdi/lunvks to Blown and his followers, and the name soon came into general use. Early Marrlaijc Lan's. — Among tiu; aborigines, prior to the coming of the French, and among the tiibes which did '•;'.- at once become associated with the religion of the gr(!at missionary fathers, marriage was a simple atlair— the dusky maiden flying to the wigwam of hor lover from her parent's lodge. Wherever the llecollet or the Jesuit had established a Mission, the case was changed, for both the Us COUNTY Ol- MIUULKSEX. 37 his in lieir nvo- klie j)\vn Isiis. loks lise. the nee [ors, I'ain the the red and white peojilu witliin range felt the; necessity of religious ceremony. In July, 1620, the first marriage ceremony, that of Guilluume Couillard, to Ciuillmet llehert, was recorded in the first register of the first French Parish. On Oct. 7, 1 037, -Iccan Nicolet married Margueritt' Couillard, at Quehec, a daughter of said Guillaurae and Guillmet Couillard. In later years, when the British obtained ])ower here, the regimental cha])lain was looked U])on 1)y the troops and I'rotestant settlers as the jtroper ])erson to administer the ceremony; but the chajjlain was not often ))resen(, and so the duty d, which tcdls the interesting little legend : — " Whereas Alphonso ^IcKniglit, of tlie Township of Woodham, and jMargaret Standon, of the Township of Middleton, are desirous of intermarrying with each other, and there being no ])arson or minister of the church within eighteen miles, &c., &c., I declare them legally joined, &c." An account of the marriage of Thomas Carling, adbrds another good exani])le of the legal requirements of ])ioneer time. In October, 1X20, this settler introduced to his new home, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Itoutledge, of the saine township as his wife. Previous to the consunnuation of this interesting ceremony, notice of a novel <5haracter had been given. There were no marriage licenses readily 38 HISTORY OF THE li: ll'! ill obtainable in tbeso days, and the bond was written on paper and tacked to a tree by the roadside. This was rendered necessary in consequence of tlie absence of ministers of the Gospel, and the rite was perforincil by (Jol. Burwell, J. P., and Squire Springer, of Delaware. The marriage thus recorded is said to have been the first of any two white persons in the Township of London, north of the Thames. The identical beech tree on which the notice of the bond of union between Thomas Carling and Margaret Routledge was tacked, still stands on Lot 20, or what is generally known as Quaker Wright's Hill, in London Township. Prior to 1831, the Church of England and Church of Scotland ministers, with Lutheran and (.'alvinist ministers (the latter only foi a few years), were the only clergymen who could legally celebrate marriage in Upper Canada. In that year the ])rivilege was extended to I'resbyterians, Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, Menonites, Tunkers, Moravians, and Indejiendents. so that the great reservation of the Church of England was, so to speak, parcelled out among dis- senting bodies. It must he remembered, however, that under treaty rights, the Catholic mis8i(niaries and secular priests could administer the sacrament of matrimony in their districts. During the days of religious intolerance, Elder Ryan, He v. S. B. Smith, and Elder Sawyer, all Methodists, were accused of marrying persons without legislative authority, and so fled the country or were tried for the misdemeanor. In July, 1S18, a Methodist Irishman named Henry Ityan, was indicted for marrying BenJ. Davis and Hannah McPherson, without first having obtained [)ermission from the English Church authorities. This crime was such a serious matter seventy years figo, that the "gentlemen magistrates" sent the unfortunate ju'eacher to jail o await the judg- ment of the Assize Court. On May 31, 1814, five persons were appointed to issue marriage licenses for Upper Canada. The agents for issuing marriage licenses in 1839 in the Western Peninsula were John Harris, of London; Wm. Cosgrove, of Chatham ; John Burwell, of Port Burwell ; Murdock McKenzie, of St. Thomas, .and Alex. Wilkinson, of Sandwich. The Moravians of early days never selected a wife — no chance was given them. God was their great designer, and to him they left the choice. The manner in which their God made the selection was crude indeed. One of the missionaries brought forth a cylindrical tin case ; in this he placed bark or paper slips, with the names of all the male candidates for matrimony. Another missionary brought forth a similar tin case, in which were tickets, each bearing the name of a marriage- able girl. Number one case would be thoroughly shaken up, when the missionary would extract a ticket and read the name aloud. Number two case was similarly treated and the girl's name called out ; both tickets would then be examined and witnessed, the nuptials proclaimed, and the wedding banquet spread. The Roger Bates' memoir, in the Dominion Library, brings up I COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 39 "i memories of old-time marriagos. "Tlie mode of courting in those days," says he, " was a gocxl deal of the Indian fashion. The buxom daughter would run through the trees and bushes, and j)retend to get away from the lover ; but somehow or other he managed to catch her, gave her a kiss; and they soon got married, I ratlier think, by a magistrate. Time was too valuable to make a fuss about such matters. In preparing for the journey to the magistrate's house or cabin, they generally furnished themselves with tomahawks and implements to defend theuiselves, and to camp out, if recniired. The ladies had no white dresses to spoil, or fancy bonnets. With deer skin ])etticoats, homesinin gowns, and, ])erha])s, s([uirrel skin bomiets, they looked charnung in the eyes of their lovers, who were rigged out in similar materials. I have heard my mother say, that a magistrate, rather than disappoint a happy cou])le who had walked twenty miles, made search throughout the house, and luckily found a pair of old English skates, to which was attached a ring. With this ho proceeded, and fixing the ring on the young woman's finger, reminded her, that, though a homely substitute, she must continue to wear it, otherwise the cereuiony would be dissolved." P'wnccy Oahliis. — The log cabins of the pioneers were designed by circ", instances. The first buildei's of such cabins in Ontario were exiles from the New lle])ublic, who knew all about such structures ; for then, in the North Atlantic States, cabins were the rule rather than the exception. They were rai.sed by members of the family, and usually all the adult males of a settlement would be present to assist in adding another home to the few in the wilderness. How natural to turn our thoughts Ijack to the log-cabin days of this section, and contrast with the present. Let us enter this cabin dwelling. With reverence we bow the head in ])resence of this relic of ancestral beginnings and pioneer battles with the wilderness There is the wide hearth, witii back-log remains, in whose deej) recess a school might ])lay hide-and-go-seek and count the stars through a chimney, as through a great telescope. Ah, long ago, how many sat 'round the cheerful fire listening in awe to the communal story-teller as he spoke of ghosts and giants, and wise-men and witches, find to the visiting hunter, Avhose tales of wolf, and bear, and Indian, would make the listening family hold their breath and their hair stand out like porcu- i;)ine quills, There, hanging on the old crane, is the tea kettle, and the pot of all work. The shovel and tongs stand in their accustomed places, and the andirons are still there ; above hangs the rifle ; here is the sitinning wheel ; there is the loom, a pine table white as snow, a dresser with rows of pewter plates, some wooden cups and relics of a long list of china ware, stri' 's of dried apples and poles of drying ])umpkins, with a few ])uncheon seats complete the main hall. In a curtiiined corner is mother's bed ; while a rude ladder leads up to an NoTB.-Tbe early marriaee record, instructive on account of tlie number of nanie,s and dates given, has been separated from tbis chapter, and appears elsewhere lu this volume. 40 HISTORY OF THK attic wliere the children sleep. Hail ! old cabin ; never again shall such happiness exist as blessed your builders and sustained them in the wilderness. Many of those s])irits, who led the way to teeming wealth and suiuiy prosperity, thouj.;]! dead, live atjain. Many of the draviiitlx persona; of the ]irelude iiave disappeared ; but the drama is still on the sta<^e, and will a])pear thereon until humanity ceases to exist ; when the heavens refuse li,i,'ht. The actors, singers, columbines, and s})irits of the past are playing on far away boards ; but their songs and acts are repeated by others, and out of the darkness new foot-lights are advanced, new shades, new scenery, new dress — all things new. But the hard hands that pre])ared the way for fruitful fields, for cities and towns, and churches and schools, and all other evidences of pro- nounced progress, are folded away in mother earth, leaving us in pos- session of material wealth, and teaching us the lesson when, where and how civilization wiis introduced into this wilderness. 'ill H' COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 4t CHAPTER IV. KSTAHLISIIMKNT 01' CIIURCIIKS AND RKLKilOUS SOCIKTIKS, In tliis chajiter the story of the beginning of the various churches, now roinesonted in the county, is told, and their estabHshnunit sketclied, leaving tlic histoiy of tlieir progress to he given in tliat of the towushijis, cities or inc(»r[)orated towns, wliere such organizations exist to-day. In a civilized country the Church is generally contem])orary with settlements, and for this reason the cha])ter holds the next place to that dealing with the first occupation of this district by white jjcople. Tlie ('(dliolic C'lmrch — The Catholic Church in Upper Canada dates back to 1615, wlien four missionaries came with Champlain. One, at least, was a Kecollet ])riest, 1{(!V. Jose])h 1.6 Caron, and he it was, who, in 1615-16, accom[)aniod the Governor in his tour round Canada, viii the Ottawa. Nij)]iissing, Georgian Bay, and the chain of lakes and rivers, from Lake Huron to the St. Lawrence, vin Lake Simcoe. He is said to have establislied a Mission near the foot of Lake Huron. Eight years after, Father Nicholas Veil and Brother Gabriel Sagard traversed the same district, and in 1684 the Jesuit fathers, Breboeuf and Daniel, established ii IMission on Lake Huron shore among the Hurons, with whom they travelled from Quebec, where the Hures were visiting. The Ablte D'Urfe and venerable Dolliere de Kleus, of the Seminary of St Sulpice, established tlieir Mission at the Bay of Quinte about this time, and still later, the Chajiel on Lake Huron, where la Riviere Aux Saubles was founded, and, it is said, another at the Straits, just north of Sarnia, about the time Fort St. Joseph was establi.shed, where the village of Fort Gratiot now stands. In June, 1671, I)e Courcelles .sent messages to the Indian Mi.ssions in Ontario advising them of his approach, and in 1673, Frontenac was received by the Abbe D'Urfe, and the chiefs of the Five Nations, at the Bay of Quinte. In the second decade of this country, Edourd Petit, of Black River, discovered the ruins of an ancient building on the Riviere Aux Saubles, about forty miles from Sarnia. Pacing the size, he found it to have been 40x24 feet on the ground. On the middle of the south or gable end, was a chimney eighteen feet high, in excellent preservation, built of stone, with an open fire-place. The fire-place had sunk below the surface. This ruin had a garden surrounding it, ten or twelve rods wide by twenty rods in lengtb, marked by ditches and alleys Inside the walls of the house a splendid oak had grown to be three feet in disiraeter, with a stem sixty feet high to the firsl branch. It seemed to be of second growth, and must have been 150 years reaching its 42 HISTORY OK THE !f N proportions, as seen in 1828-9. Onicknick, an ugod Sa<,'uenay chief (84 years old), told I'etit that a white man built the house at the time his great-^reat-preat-great grandfiither lived, and that white people lived then in all the country around, who sold every article for a peminick or dollar. Onicknick also stated that the men were not French ; but beyond this, he could not give any testimony more than the ruin conveyed.* On the Wye lliver, north of Penetanguishene, at old Michili- mackinack and other jjlaces, permanent or temj)orary missions had been established ])rior to the begiiming of the eighteenth century ; while the grt;at mission at Ogdensburg or Soegasti was established in 1748 by Abbe IMcquet, "The A])Ostle of the Iroquois." Early in the eighteenth century can be found traces of regularly appointed Catholic missioners among the Otchii)was and white settlers along both banks of the St. Clair River, over a century after the Keverends IJoUier and Galivree visited the locality — 1670- 1, who are said to have made a stay at the Champlain Mission opposite Fort Gratiot, or in that vicinity. In 1780, Nelson Roberts, who visited the Red River country that year, re])orted having seen a jiriest among the Indians of the Black River and St. Clair, and recorded this report on his return to Montreal. Assistivnt Surgeon Taylor, U. S. A., writing in 1871, from Fort Gratiot, says: — "The location of the RecoUet mission in this vicinity is uncertain. According to Bell's History of Canada, it was an important one, and known as Ste. Marie. As the Jesuits had one also of the same name located among the Hurons at the head of (jeorgian Bay, it would seem that some confusion has arisen in relfition to these missions, both as to their importance and position. Judge Camjjbell is of the opinion that the Recollet mission was located on the present site of Sarnia." In 1728, the Mission at I'ointo de Montreal was founded by Pere de la Richardie. Prior to this date, for twenty-six years, the Miscion of St. Anno, at Detroit, existed. In 1733, a church building w.\s erected at Sandwich, but within the succeeding decade another house was erected on Bois Blanc, sixteen miles down the river, with Pere Potier in charge ; but in 1747, the fouTider of the Mission, at Pointe de Montreal, returned, and rebuilt the Church of 1733. In 1757, he accompanied a baud of Hurons to their selected hunting grounds, in the neighborhood of where Tiffin, 0., now stands ; but the following year settled among the Illinois, in which nation he died in 1758. The ])resent church of Sandwich dates back to 17G0, when the Mission was established. Father Potier, who resumed charge in 1757 of the Huron Church, continued jjastor there until his death in 1781. Father Hubert succeeded, who served this Parish and that of St. Anne's until 1788, with Father Frechette About 1789, Rev. F. X. * Of course, u stateinont of this kind sbould be taken with due allowance for error. The buildioB could not have been erec^ted 8o far back by any wblteroen, except French mls- iiionaries or adventurers. Onlckni' ' vas mistaken as to the lapse of time. p N FAC 5tMILE ^f MISSISSIPPI on Oo!u:eplloi\,0*iipcr. MARQUETTE'S MAP. '4. $ 1 m i' ../■■■ • .>■ .-.liu^..^.. COUNTY OK MIDDI.KSKX. Dufaux was appointed pastor, and served until his death, Sept. 12, 1796. Other ])riests succeeded. In 1803, the Parish of St. I'eter, on tlu! Thames, and one at Maiden, were established, with which the names of Kev. T. IJ. Marcliant and his a,ssistant priests, with those of I'ere Ikdin and Father Angus MacDonnell, were connected for many years. In 1820, Father Besrinquet arrived from Quebec, and erected a small church building on Walpole Island. On his leaving for the Lake Supeiior county. Father Sagelle was appointed, and in 1833, the celebrated Austrian, Father Vizoiski, took his place. The founder of the English-speaking con gi'egat ions in Ontario was a ui in of rare power, y)hysic;illy and mentally. His life is a part of the history of the Dominion, and for that reason a synopsis of it is given here. Bishop Alexander McDonnell was born in Glengary, Scotland, in 1760. In his youth it was a penal offence to attend a Cathulic school, even as it was to ]>residc over or support one, so that iiis classical education had to be obtained at Valladolid, Spain. In 1 790, he returned to his native country with the order of priesthood, and went to work to re-establish the proscribed religion among his ])eo])le in the northern Parish of Badenoch, and in the city of Glasgow. That the law and narrow bigotry of those days countenanced this action, is the greatest testimonial to his zeal and accomplishments. This Scottish priest joined Lord McDonnell's regiment of Glengary Fencibles, and served against the patriots, winning victories by Christian methods, and saving the desperate people from cruelties, such as other regiments inllicted. Through his influence this Catholic regiment was recruited in Scotland, and the second Glengary Fencible Regiment was raised in Canada to repel the American invasion in 1812. Bishop McDonnell came to Canada as a priest in 1804, was consecrated Bishop of Kingston in 1822, and died in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1840. His body laid in St. Mary's Church, Edinburgh, until 1862, when it was brought to Kingston, where it rests in the Cathedral. In 1804, there were only two Catholic priests in Ontario, one of whom deserted his mission that year, and the other would not leiive his district of Sandwich, so that, in fact, the great Bishop at one time travelled throughout Ontario visiting his co-religionists, among whom were many U. E. Loyalists. The Catholic Church clergy of 1831, were Eev. Joseph Fluett, of Amherstburg, and Rev. Joseph Crevier, of Sandwich and Rochester. The venerable Iiishop McDonnell, of Glengary, is said to have visited the London district once or twice during this year. The Catholic clergy in London and Western district in 1839, were Rev. M. R. Mills, of London; Edmund Yvelin, of Sandwich, and Augustin Vervais, of Amherstburg. In 1843-56 the Jesuit fathers. Point, Choue, Duvan- quet, Chazelle, Jafl're, Menet, Tevard, Grunot, Mainguy, and Conil- leau, attended this large mission field, and after them came the bishops and priests who have built up a great diocese of over one hundred churches. « ■^ K t' 46 UISTOIIY OF THK 1 ■-4 The history of the Cimreli witliin the Ci)unty of Miiltllesex ilatcs back to ls;)3-4, wlicii tho old lo^' liouso of worsliip was cn-t'tt'd on tlic corner of liichinoiid and Majilu streets, and dedicated hy Father Uownie, of 8t. Thonia.s, in liS.s4. For u decade tlie Catholic ])eoj)le of London were visited by ])rie,st.s from 'I'oronto, St. Peter or Sandwich, such as Father Schneider, the Apostle of the Huron nation. Kev. M. It. Mill.s was a]i])ointed jiastor of St. Thomas, June 6, 1S4;>, his district embracinj^ the townships of Yarnioiith, Southwold, Mala- hiile, and territory adjacent on the east as well as other parts of the Diocese of Toronto, to which pastors were not appointed. In Septemlicr Bishop Power visited St. Thomas and T-ondon, and on the 20th extended the former mission so as to inchide concessions 7, S, and 0, of West- minster. In December, 1844 Father Mills was apjjointed to attend the townslii])S of Westnnnster and London, this ap]M)intment being made about one year after the Bishoj/s visit. In 1S47 is found the name of Kev. P. O'Dwyer; in 1841) that of Itev. John Carroll, and on A])ril 19, 1849, of J!ev. Thadeus Kirwan. On June 29, 1851, Bishop De Charbonnel, of Toronto, confirmed l.'JO ])ersons at London, and 85 a( the church of St. Lawrence. In 1854, Kev. P. Crinnon presided over the })arish. Kev. Mr. Carroll, named above, was, in 1885, the oldest priest in the United States. He was born in Maryborough, Ireland, June 30, 1798; came to America in 1817 ; was ordained at Quebec by Bishoj) Edmund Burke, June 29, 1820, and served the Church in Canada until 1869, when he was removed to ('liicago. 111. The Diocese of London was erected February 21, 1850, and on the 29th day of that month the Pajial Bulls were addressetl to the Kev. Peter Adolphus I'insonneault, Priest of the Society of St. Sulpice, Montreal, naming him first Bishop of the new See. Bishoj) Pinsoinieaidt was born in the year 1815, and made his studies in the College of Montreal. There also he took tho ecclesiastical habit, but proceeded to Paris to complete his theological studies. It was in that city that Iih was raised to the priesthood in 1840. Ketimiing to America soon after his ordination, he served the Church for many years in Montreal, and was consecrated there May 18th, Trinity Sunday, 1850, and was installed Bishop of London June 29th following, the record being signed by Armandus, F. ^1., Bishop of Toronto ; John, Bishop of Hamilton ; T. T. Kirwan ; Edward Bayard ; Louis Musard. The new bishop found little in the London Town of 1856 with which to be satisfied, and so urged the Church authorities to transfer the Episcopal See to Sandwich, and a brief agreeable to his views was issued February 2, 1859. For some months prior to this date Bishop Pinsonneault was visiting in Europe — Bishop Farrell, of Hamilton, being Administrator from September 19, 1858, to the spring of 1859. In May, 1857, the title of Vicar-General was confen-ed on Rev. P. Point, Superior of the Jesuits of Sandwich, and on Revs. J. M. Soulerin and J, M. Bruyere, of Toronto. When Bishop Pinsonneault retired in 1867, the latter was appointed Administrator of the Diocese, UOUNTY 01' MIDDLESKX. 47 i with •aiisfev s was isbop iltoii, 1859. lev. P. J. M. neault iocese. wliicli jiositioii lie filled tiutil tlie installation nf Bishoj) Walsh at .Saiiilwicli, NdVi'iiilicr 14, that year. The utlicial it'cunl of that ccire- iiioiiy of installation hcai'.s the ,si>;natin'i'.s of the IJishop.s of Hamilton and Kinu'ston, and of (Jco. ISaliy, Mayor of .Sandwich, In-'sidi's those of the followinj^ eler;,'y :— .f. ]\I. liniyen!, V. (1 , Sandwich ; J. F. .Tainot, V. G., Toronto; Conillcau, y. .1.; Michel, S. .1. ; Dean Crinnon, 1*. D. Laurent, Andu'istlmry; 15. (i. Solfers, St. Anne's, Detroit; (!. Lirnpens, Detroit; 11. Onellette, Director College of St llyaeinthe ; E. 15, Kihoy, .Sarnia ; Jaines l""arrelly, Belleville ; F. 1'. liooncy, Toronto, ami Jos. JJayard, of Sandwich. In dannary, 1S68, the new bishop removed the Kpiscopal resi- dence from Sandwich to T/uulon, anisli()|.'.s ('oininisHionurv, for what is now Ontiiiio. His tloalli tonk plucc in IHIl, at Kinj,'ston, Canada. Rev. K(il)t>rt Addisfui caniL' in 17'.M), us a missionary from the Society for l'ro|iajiatin;,' tlu' (iosptd. lie was army cliaiilaiii for a short tiiu(! at iNiaj,'ara, and a visitor amoiii,' tlio (Irainl Itivcr Indians. Addcil to this, In- spfcinlatcd in lands, and for tliirty ycar.s, ])rior to l.Sj:;, was Chaplain of rarliamcnt. Kt'V. Mr. I'ollard came in 1791, and later, Kev, d. Lanj^liorn, who returned to Knj,dand at the heLtinninjj of the troubles of 181 L', .so as to escape the Americans, of whose " hlood-thirsly disposition" ho entertained stranjje ideas. The first Eiij,'lish Protestant Church was erected at Kin;^'ston in 1793. In 1792, however, the Protestants and (-'atholics worshipjied in turn in Navy Hall, or the (.'ouiKiil Chandter there. The .second Knfjlish (.'liurch huildiii,!,' in Ontario was that at Bcdlc'ville, 1819-20, presided over hy Mr. Cam])hell, which was used up to I8r)8. Itev. .lohn Cochrane and Kev. .lohn (iriermay be iiamecl amon^' tlu* old pastors 7 ., , of that (dd church. In 179M, Kev. Dr. Juhosaphat Mountain was sent out from Enj^land as first Prote.stant Hisho|t of all Canada, with his See at C^uebi^'. At that time his church claimed but five clerjiymen in tlu; wholi^ of Uritish North America, The mini.slers of the C'hurch of Kn;,dand, in London district, in 18ol, were Picv. M. I'.uridiam, St. Thomas; Kev. K. Evans, Wood- house, and Piev. E. J. Boswtdl, London. In the Western District were Rev. R. K(d])h, of AnduMslbiu'^'; Wm. Johnson, of Sandwich, and T. Morley of Chatham. In 1832, lU'V. liisnj. Cronyn was a]ijiointed Rector of St. Paul's, London, while Rev. D. E. IJlake was placed in charge of the Adelaide Church, the congre>,'ation there being formed that year. On July 12, 1830, a letter from the Governor's Secretary informed the magistratcis that five ministers of the Church were then establi.shed in the district. Rev. Mr. Macintosh, tlu! first English Church minister in this vicinity, ])resided at Kettlts Creek or St. Thomas, and, in early years, held .services in Wm. Geary's barn on Lot 14, Con. fi, London, whose wife, Miss Jones, herself the daughter of an Irish Prote.stant minister, was always reaily to wel(;ome such gosjjcl messengers. In 1829, Rev. E. N. Roswell came to take charge of London, and established St. Paul's ])arish. Under date January 16, 1830, Mahlon lUirwcU writes to Rev. Edward J. Boswell, minister of Lcjudon : — " The receipt of your favor respecting the want of a house in which to perform Divine service, and requesting permission to use the Court-room, is acknowledged. The magistrates instruct me to inform you that, as the Court-house is the property of the district, erected for the only j>ur])ose of accommo- dcating His Majesty's Courts of Law in the administration of justice, they do not conceive that they possess the right of granting you your request." I I i COUNTY OK MIPDI.KSKX. 49 In Ajnil, 18.'il, tlin Cniut ^'luntt'd iieriiiissinn tn IIov. Mi. ISoswdl t(i hold Diviiin service in tlie house iiiteiidetl lor ii |iulili(; srliool Iiou.He at London; later tlie order was rescinded. In IS.i'J, Hev. I5enj. Cronyn was apiioinled Uector, and in IHIlo a small IVaine eliurdi wan built near llu! j>resent cust.oin-liou,se. Tlii.s was hurned in 1844, and a new liuildin;; soon t(»ok its place. The ministers of tht^ ('Imrch of Eii;,'lanil in I/mdoii I)istri('t, in 18:5',), were Wm. i!e;lerid;;e, of Woodstock; I), lllak' , of .Adelaide; M. liinnliam, of St. Thomas; Benj. ("roiiyn, of Lond(»n ; Hichard Hood, of Carailoc; T. I'etrie, Iravelliiin; missionary; .John Kadclitle, of Warwicik ; .1. UolhwelI,of ln,i.^'rsoll. In the Western I)istri<'t were J. O'Meara, of Siuilt Ste. Marie; lluerity cf holding land for cliurch jiurpo.ses, said:—" Itdid not .send I'lim into a man's vineyard to steal his grapes, or a man's farmyard to milk his cows." Kev. .1. Winterbotham, in reply, jiointed out that church lands were not always u.sed for the jaa'posiis granted, and said: — "1 refer I'jw to my brother from Lomlon, who managcnl to get an act passed through the Provincial Parliament for the .sale of his glebe there. I asked him whetlu'r .^^2,500 was not realized by the sale of that glebe. When a transaction of this nature is seen to take ])lace openly, * ♦ * is thus made a matter of S))eculative sale to feed the grasping avarice of those who claim credit ior great disinterestedness, then it is time for Parliament to interpose." In 1853 the I5ritish Parlianu'ut authorized the Canadian Parliament to vary, or re])eal the ja'ovisions of the Keserve Fund, and a])])ly the proceeds to any jturpose, but not to reduce the annual salaries, then jiaid to ministers of the English and Scotch churches, during their lives. This jjermission drew from "The Lord Bishop, Clergy and Lay Delegates of the United ("hurch of England and Ireland, in the Province of Canada West, in Synod assemblec' at Toronto, Oct. 26, 1854," a strong protest, but the (,'anadians .^.er- looked this and an act was passed in accordance with the British act, and, in 1855, the Lord Bishop Strachan asked his ministers to com- mit their claims to the Clergy Reserve Funds. John Hillyard Cameron 50 HI.STOKY OK TKK was given power of attorney, by several of such cleij,'vmen, to commit their claims, and in March, 1855, his list of clergy and amount to be paid each was a}>iiroved 1)V Bishop Strachan. In this list the names of Revs. I). E. Blake, Michael Boomer, C. C. Brongh, A. St. (}. Caul- field, li. (!. C'ooper, Ben. Cronyn, II. Flood, John Kennedy, W. Logan, J. W. Marsli, T. W. Marsh, A. Mortimer, A. Lampnian, all connected with Middlesex, occur. The commutation moneys ])aid to tiie clergy of the Diocese of Huron in 1S55, exclusive of Messrs. Pdake and others who were not here then, amounted to §219,685.52, and this payment did not incapa ntate any of them from earning the same, or large annual .salary, from their congregations. The first report of the Incorporated Church Society of the Diocese of Huron, was ])re.=;ented June 22, 1859. In 1857 the western division of tile Diocese of Toronto was so far endowed and ju'eparations for the organization of a new iliocese so far proceeded with, that the Governor- Genei'al approved the election of a l>isho]i; and in July of that year, liev. Beuj. (,'ronyn was chosen and consecrated October 28, 1857. In 1858, Hon. M. Foley, M. I'., was entrusted with the Bill of Incor- poration, to carry it through the House of the Assembly ; while (I. J. Goodhue introduced it in the Legislative Council. Success waited on their eftorts, and on July 24, 1858, the Dioce.se was incorporated. Bi.shop Beuj. Cronyn, son of John Cronyn, of Kilkeimy City, Ireland, was l)orn there in 1802 ; he won the degree of B. A. at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1821, and of M. A. in 1824, together with the Eegius Pro- fessors' prize of that year. In 1S25 he was created Deacon, and in 1820 was ordained at Quam, Ii'eland. After a six years' curacy in Longford County, where he married !Miss Bickerstatf, of Lislea, he came to Canada in 1832, and was a])j)ointe(l Rector of St. Raul's, London. In 1857, Huron Diocese was establislied with Rev. Mr. Cronyn, first Bishop. His death took jilace here Septend^er 22, 1871. Among the clergy of 1878, who were in the Diocese at that time, were the following ufimed, the date of their connection with church work in the old Dioce.se of Toronto, and tlieir stations being given: — Wm. Bettridge, B.D. (Canon), 1834, Strathroy; M. Boomer, LLD. (Dean), 1840, London; St. G. Caulfield, LLD. (Canon), 1848, Windsor; F. Gore Elliott, 1837, Sandwich; E. L. El wood, A.M. ^Archdeacon), 1849, Goderich; E. Grasett, M.A. (Canon), 1848, Simcoe; Andrew Jamieson, 1842, Walj^ole Island; John Kennedy, M.A., 1848, Adelaide; F. Mack, 1839, St. Catharines; J. W. Marsh, M.A. (Arclideacon), 1849, London; A. H. R. Mulholland (R. D.\ 1849, Owen Sound; A. Nelles (Canon, R D.), 1829, Brantford; J, Padfield (superannuated), 1833, Burford; E. Patterson, M.A. (R. D.), 1849, Stratford; F. W. Sandys, D.D. (Archdeacon), 1845, Chatham; G.J. R. Salter, M.A. (Canon), 1847. Brantford; J. Smythe, M.A., 1854, Shelburne; A. Townley, D.D. (Canon), 1840, Hamilton. Among the members at tins time were H. C. R. Becher, G. J. Goodhue, I . Lawrason, C. Monserrat, John Wilson, Dr. H, Going, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 51 G. J. Going, liev. K. Gordon, Dr. A. Harpur, Kev. T. Hughes, Dr, rhillips, James ^Stephenson, Rev. J. McLean (curate), W. Watson, S. Peters and J. Hamilton. Rev. R. Gordon, named above, ])resided over the Fugitive Mission, in London City, on the Colored People's Mission in 1858 ; hut he was not here twenty years latc:r when the above liiit of clergy was compiled. Bishop Hellnuith was ordained a minister in 1846, created Arch- deacon of Hiu'on in 1861, Dean in 1867, Coadjutor-Bishop of Norfolk in 1871, and Bishoj) of Huron the same year, to succeed Bishop Cronyn. On November 30, 1883, Very Rev. Maurice S. Baldwin, Dean of jMontroal, was consecrated BLshop of Huron. The Diocese comprises 235 congregations, attended by 123 min- isters. Of the numbers given 42 and 25 are respectively credited to ^Middlesex County. Preshyfennv Church. — Rev. John Bethune, a native of Scotland, and a minister of the Church of Scotland, who settled at Cornwall, (Jan., about 1780-1, was the second legal clergyman of any Protestant denonunation wlio settled in Canada. He died at Williamstown, September 23, 1815. Rev. Mr. McDowell succeeded him in the active work of the mission in 1799 or 1800, or about the time his C(i-rcligionist, Dr. Strachan, came hither. Rev. Mr. Smart came in 1811 ; but by this time Dr. Strachan had joined the English Church, so that the field of Presbyterianism was cultivated by Messrs. Bethune and McDowell, the latter of whom asked Mr. Smart to assist in the Mork. On May 24, 1888, che celebration of the one lumdredth anni- ■versary of the adoption by New York, New Jersey, Philadelphia or Penn.sylvania, Vii'ginia, and the Carolina Synods of the Presbyterian Congregation of the resolutions for the formation of the first I'resby- tcrian General As.sembly in America, was held at Philadelphia. As early as 1695 the Presbyterians and Baptists began to flourish in Pliiladel])hia. Their interests were then so far united that they met for worshi]) in the same small building, known as the " Bcarbadoes Lot Store." This fellowship lasted till 1698-99, when the Presbyterians imported a ])ermanent minister, the Piev. Jedediah Andrews, from New England, and he actually took possession of the i)ulpit in the store to the exclusion of any Baptist minister who might hajipen to ciime along. By this act it was evident to the Baptists tliat the Presbyterians wanted the store for themselves, because of their luiwillingne.ss to give up the jmlpit to Baptist ])reachers. Or, in modern slang, the Pre.sbyterians " froze out" the Baptists — a process more recently known nearer home. Among the early ministers of the Church of Scotland in Middlesex Were Alex. Ross, wlio took the oath of allegiance in January, 1830, nnd Donald Mackenzie, who also took the oath. In 1833 other branches of the Church were formed, and from the latter years dates the progressive Presbyterianism of the present time. Among the 52 HISTOHY OF THE names of early Presbyterian jjveacliers are : — Alex. Mackenzie, of Goderich, 1837 ; Wm. R. Sutherland, now residini,' in Ekfrid, 1848 ; Lachlin McPherson, of Ekfrid and Williams, 1846 ; John Scott, Wm. Proudfoot, James Skiiuier ; and of the Scotch congregation, W. McKellican, 1833 ; Daniel Allen, 1838 ; Duncan McMillan, of Williams, and Dugald McKellar, of T.obo, 1839. Presbyterian Mamages. — The following marriage contracts were recorded by William Proudfoot, a Presbyterian minister of the Associate Secession Church : — -Neil Koss to Margaret Ross, of London. William Hell to Matilda Smith, of Stanley. Charles Grant to Kliza McDonald, of London. Hugh Fraser to Margaret Mc(!regor, of London. Charles W. White to Sarah A. Munro, ot London. Alex.. Moince (or Mounts) to Christian Clwbb, of Westminster. -Edward Dunn to Klizaheth (Jrieve, of Lobo. E. A. Thompson to Salinu Chisholm, of Londoi:. John Sinclair to Eliza Donaldson, of London. Archibald (iraham to Flora Graham, of Lobo. Andrew Heattic te Isabella Boston, of Lobo. Andrew Kornahan to Eleanor Wilson, of London. George Laid'a'^ to Christian Grieve, of Westminster. James Jackscn to Lsabella Nichol, of Westminster. Donald Fraser to Isabella Ross, of Williams. William (juinn to Jane Weir, of Dorchester. James McDonald to Janet Anderson, of Williams. Edward McDonald to IJetsy McDonald, of London. -John Quito to Anne Needham, of Nissouri. John Hope to Nancy Lynn, of Southv. dd. Hugh Barclay to Janet McDonald, of Lcndon. Jennetis Nichol to Nancy Laidlaw, of Westminster. John JleDonald to Hannah McMillan, of London. John Wilson to Eliza A. Clark, of London. He made record, also, of the following maniages solemnized by him in Hf Aug. 6, 1833- Oct. 1, II Nov. 12, Nov. 14, Nov. 27, Dec. 11, Feb. 15, 1834- Jan. 29, K Mar. 17, (1 May 13, May 27, July 7, II July 11, 11 Aug. 1, II Sept. 30, " Oct. 29, tt Nov. 20, (1 Nov. 27, *' Mar. 17, 1835- Mar. 27, (1 April 2, tt April 3, tt April 23, ti April 29, tt He made re( 1835-7 — May 7. 1835- Aug. 10, II Sept. 1, {( Oct. 12, l( Oct. 19, t ( Nov. 20, (1 Nov. 20, l( Dec. 1.5, (( Jan. 7, 1836 Jan. 17, l( Jan 18, tt Jan. 23, tt Feb. 9, II April 12, (1 May 25, II June 14, " July 1, l( Aug. 9, • 1 Aug. 10. .'( Sept. 8, (( Sept. 8, tt Nov. 11, It Nov, 20, It -David Jackson to Ann Grieve, of Westminster. Robert Smith to Margaret Lomie, of London. John Norval to Eliza A. Proudfoot, of London. Israel Malton to Elizabeth Thompson, of London. Addm Murray to Jane Beattie, of London. Robprt Smith to Ann Graham, of Tilbury East, Robert Smith to Elsphet Graham, of Tibury East. Donald Cameron to Janet Ramsay, of London. -David Hughes to Charlotte Mathews, of London. Hugh Mclntyre to Sarah MoNeili, of Williams. Alexander Campbell to Janet Moore, of Williams. George Smith to Christina Brown, of London. Roderick McKay to Margaret Cameron, of Williams. Samuel Lynn to Nancy Clark, of London. Robert Freeman to Mary A. McKcnzie, of Zorra. Willim Nagle to Rebecca Hart, of Delaware. Lewis Holman to Jane Bailey, of Stephens. John McDonald to Christie Bain, of London. Henry Davis to Annie J. McSpadden, London. William Grieve to Margaret Beattie, of Westminster. Thomas Caverhill to Cecilia Herdman, of Westminster. Robert Jardine to Mary Beaden, of Westminster. Levi S. Blackman to Susan P. Parker, of London. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 53 hiiu Jan. 22, 1835 Teh. 4, Mar. 26, Ai.iil 9, May 7, May 18, IX-c. 24, In 1837 he recorded the following contracts : — Feb, 17, 1837 — Charles Lack«y to Elizabutli MiJJleton, of Westminster. A[ar. 21, " .lolin Stillson to Elizabeth Scott, of London. April 18, " John Diamund to Janet Hremner, of London. uMay 25, " Abner Wilson to Marfiarot Drummond, of Westminster. Juno 17, " Robert Craig to Melissa Hall, of Ni-ssouri. Jnne 29, " Joseph Goodhand to Stirah Craig, of London, Aug, 9, " Andrew Allen to Isabella Fra.ser, of London. Nov. 16, " John Barclay to Mary McBain, of London. Dec, 8, " John Oliver to Isabella Beattie, of Westminster. ]?ev, James Skinner, of the United Seces.sion Church of Scotland, recorded the following marriages iu 1835 : — -,lohn Meek to Catherine Cam))bell, of Southwold, Lot AVyllie to Catherine McPherson, of Westminster, Henry Berry to Susan Burwell, of Southwold. Robert G. Eunson to Hannah Cress, of St. Thomas. Wm. Buchanan to Mary Sinclair, of Westminster. Kenneth Juner to Ann Frazer, of St. Thomas. James Ferguson to Janet Jardine, of St. Thomas. With the above he solemnized four other marriages at South- wold : — Feb. 2, 183G— John Campbell to Catherine Stewart, of Ekfrid. Aug. 18, " Robert MoClatchey, of Caradoc, to Mary Storie. Aug. 18, " John Law, of Adelaide, to Bridget Holleseme. Feb. If., 1837— John B, Olds, of Brock, to Elizabeth Preston, of Adelaide. In 1835, Rev. Wm. Fraser, of the United Associate Secession Presbyterian Church, certified the following contracts : — June 22 — Julia N. Raman to Sarah Manning, of Dorchester. July 9 — Rupert McDonald to Isabella McDonald, of Stanley. Eev. D. McKenzie, of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, united the following in mamage : — Sept. 3, 1834— Joseph Pool to Bethia Witt, of Westminster, Feb. " Donald Fraser to Janet Ross, of Williams. Feb. 4, " John Mclnto.sh to Lsabella Munro, both of Williams. Dec, 2S, 1837 — Robert McDonald, of Oxford, to Kate McKay, of Nissouri. He also joined six couples in matrimony in 1835. Baptist Church. — Revs, Jose])h Wiem, Turner, Wyner and Elder Holts introduced Baptist services into Canada about 1794. In A])ril, 1821, a number of fiimilies emigrated from South Wales, to what was then known as U])per Canada. They crossed the channel from Swansea to Bristol, where they waited for the sailing of the vessel which was to carry them across the Atlantic to such a home as they might be able to make for themselves in the New World. A six weeks' voyage landed them in Quebec about tlie middle of June ; but the most difficult, tedious and toilsome part of their journey was yet "% :li w U HISTOKY 01' THK liefore thoin. The apj)liaiices of the times for navigating,' the inland waters of Canada wen; meagre. Steaml)nats tliere were, but they were few and slow, and the accommodation they furnished was of ii rude descrij)tion. They made tedious voyages on the river from Quebec to Montreal, and on Lake Ontario as far as Little York and Hamilton. Engineers had not taught navigators how the difticulties of the St Lawrence rajiiils could be siu'monnted by canals and locks. Hence these Welsh families came from Quebec to Montreal by steam- boat, from Montreal to I'rcscott by Durham lioat, and from I'rescott to Little York by steamer ; and reached St. Thomas about the end of the first week in July. After a brief rest in St. Thomas, a few of the men travelled through the woods to the rear of the 'I'ownship of London, where (hey secured land, and began to ])re|)are such accom- modation for their families as circumstances permitted, and to which they brought them shortly afterward. Tiie heads of some of these families wen; godly jieople, Calvanistic Methodists, or followers of Wliitiield, as di.-itingnished from followers of Wesley. As soon as their families I'eached Iheii' new home, on the very first Sabl)ath, a ])rayer meeting and Sabbath School wer(: arranged, which, without any yvo- longed interru]>tion, have, through all the changes of sixty-seven years, continued to tlie present. Hut there were none to jn-each to them the Word of Life, or take jiastoral oljservation of these few shee]) in the wilderness. Still, they had their Welsh lUbles, of which they were diligent .students, and the Chief Shepherd himself watched over and fed them in the gveen pastures of His grace. Tiiose who had spiritual life encouraged and heli)ed each othtn; and used all the means at their (lisjiosal to extend it to those who had none. After a time they were visited by some We.sleyan ministers, but their teaching was not that to which they had been accustomed in Wales ; nor did it ngree with their concejitions of r>il)le truth, hence their visits, though welcome, made little impression. In the spiiug of 1829 the Rev. Wm. McDermond, a Bapti;5t minister, jireached. The peoi)le received him gladly. His teaching called the iittention of both the older Christians and young converts to the much- controverted subject of bajitism. A diligent search of the New Testament, to ascertain what Christ commanded, and what His Apostles taught .and practiced, resulted in a radical change of their views on the subject, act and tlesigns of that ordinance. Philip Jtosser, an earnest, devoted Christian, and, from the early days of the settlement, one of the leaders of tiie devotiojis of the people, was the first person baptized, and his baptism was soon followed by that of others. In the same year, 1829, a Baptist Church was formed in the Township of Lobo, now known as the First Lobo Church, of which the Baptists in the Welsh settleiuent became a branch, a connection which continued nearly five years. During this time, and for several years afterward, a number of Baptist ministers visited the settlement, and preached ^hi: Word as COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 5n 11 lU H.U ual life ■A it their y weve ot that ;e with '■J ilcome, inistcv, led the .« niuch- 3 New- it His )f their rhilip of the vas the y that formed irch, of J vnch, a iber of ^ Tord as -> (»|)l)ortunity ofiered. Ainoug these were McDernioiul, Viiiiiig, Slaught,* Finch, Gaul, Mahee and Elliott. The occasional visits of these servants of the Lord were much appreciated, and, through the Divine Messing, resulted in a considerable increase in the number of believers. l)Ut the inconvenience of being a jiart of a church so far diwtant a.-i I.,obo began to be felt. The want of passable roads, joined to incon- venient facilities for travel, maile it difficult for them to attend with suihcient freiiuency ; and the propriety of getting a dismissal from Lobo and forming a church in the settlement was seriously discussed, and the church at J)(tnfield resulted. From the beginning the Baptist Church si)read out through the country. The act of 1831 l)estowed certain liberty on dissenters, and Baptists wore not slow to avail themselves of the ])rivileges olTered. Eiirh/ Miinfitcrs. — On Jan. 12, 1830, John Hairis' application for license " to celel.>rate matrimony " was reciiived. Geo. J. Ryerson's application was made two days later. In Ajiril the petitions of Geo. J. Kyerson and others was considered. The magistrates refused to grant license to celebrate marriage to ministers of the Calviuistic liaptist Society, believing that such societies did not come within the statute.-!. On Jan 12, 1831, Geo. J. Ryerson presented another petition asking leave to celebrate marriage, and setting forth the names of the Calvinist Ba])tist Connnunity to which he belonged, as follows : Joseph Kitchen, Benj. Balmerston, Nelson Vail, Gabriel Mal«e, Nelson Montross, Robert Young, and David Shearer. The regular llaptist Ministers were: — Francis Tickle, 1837, Blenheim; Joseph Merrill, 1838, Bayham ; Salmon Vining, 1838, Nissouri ; Gilbert Hanis, 1838, Oxford; W. H. Landon, 1838, Jilenheim ; Samuel Baker, 1838, Malahide ; Dugald Campbell, 1838, Aldborough ; Abraham Sloot, 1838, Westmin.ster; Isaac Elliott, 183'J, Oxford; Salmon Vining, 1S39, Lobo; Shook McConnell, 1839, Townsend; Richard Andrews, 1840, Yarmouth; Dugald Sinclah-, 1839, Lobo; Thomas Mills, 1S43, Yarmouth; Reuben Crandell, 1843, Malahide; Wm. Wilkiason, 1845, Malahide; George Wilson, 184(;, Malahide ; N. Fastwood, 184(5, London ; D. W. Rowland, 1848, South- wold ; Jonathan Williams, 1848, Dorchester ; John Bray, 1847, South- wold ; Mark W. Ho])kins, 1849, Goshen; Israel Marsh, 1849, Dor- chester; Robert Boyd, 1850, London; Simeon Rouse, 1850, Bayham, and Alfred Chute, 1851, Lobo. Early Baptist Marriages. — The marriages celel)i'ated by Rev. Abraham Sloot, in 1832-8, are recorded as follows, the parties being of the Calvinist Bajitist Church : — wn-.N-Essun uY Sept. 12, 1832— Joseph Elliott to Sarah Glynn, T. Glynn and P. Campbell. •Sept. 16, " Victor Dutton to Mary Norton, G. Norton and G. Sloot. Sept. 24, " Justus M. Videto to Amanda Hart, John Hart and 15. Curtis. Oct. 10, " Daniel Corson to Zclimla Wells, J. Wells and T. Olds. Oct. 16, " Wm. Whitehead to Eniiline Curtis, J. M. Videto and S. L. Sumner. * This may be intended lor Abraham Sloot, as tlie name is spelled differently by writers. ( B'J 1 ■!'( f 56 HISTORY OK THE Oct. 22, 1832 Oct. 2.1, t i Oct. 29, l( Nov. 27, (( Dec 9, (1 •Ian. 24, 1833 Feb. 1.1, (1 Feb. 28, (( Mar. 9, (( Mar. 23, (( April 2, It April 29, l( April 30, l( -Will. Lepper, to Cynthia Osborne, .lohn (Jriovo to .Jano Murray, Edmund Biirtcli to Sarah Smith, Aiidrow Elson to Charlotte Dyer, I.saac Vaiisicklo to Mary A. McClain, -Philo Jackson to Sarah Hill, Win. VVeils to Klizabeth Johnson, CoriioliiiH Willson to Siiffroiia Cutler, Oliver Strowback to Mary Jackson, Peter Sinclair to Nancy Sinclair, Philip Brooks to Prudence Warner. Joseph Lowii to Sarah Orillith, John Wells to Mary Brown, WII'NF.SSKII iiv D. Stockton and T. Hull'. K, Grieve and N. Elliott. H. T. Shaver and .lohn Cort. W. Blinn ami Joseph Elson. A. Montross and J. McClain. Tilly Hubbard and N. Gridith. Geo. Sloot and Wni. Libby. H. Jones and D. Browne. Eli Griffith and Philo Jackson. W. Elliott and L Oambo. Xachariah and L. Warner. F. and Sam. Lown. Alexander, Mary and A. Weir. The above named were residents, in the order of entry of the fol- lowing town.ships : — Canidoc, Westniin.ster, London, Malahide, London, Yarmouth, Westniin.ster, Lobo, London, Yarmouth, Westminster, Lon- don, London, Westminster, Caradoc, Dunwicli, Westminster, and Lon- don. July 28, 1833— Ensign Hill to Diana Carney, of Westminster, Aug. 19, " John Kitchen to Nancy King, of Southwold. Aug. 19, '' James King to .Marietta Bartlett, of Caradoc. Aug. 24, " James Siddal to Violet Young, of Dunwich. Aug. 20, " John Whiting to Wealthy Dcgraw, of Caradoc. Aug. 31, " Timothy Simonds to Ruth Webster, of Westmin.ster. Sept. 3, " James Montague to Lora Huiigerford, of Westminster. Sept. 19, " Joseph Siddal to Eliza Brooks, of Dunwich. Oct. 15, " Swain Corliss to Eliza Williams, of Lobo. Oct. 1.5, " Joseph Lyon to Juliana Moore, of Southwold, Oct. 17, " Wm. Routledgo to Jennet Bailee, of Westminster. Oct. 27, " Zeras Myric to Juliana Odle, of London. Oct. 28, ' ' Zerah Gilbert to Mary A. Baker, of Southwold. Oct. 28, " Jonah Clarke to Mary Lumley, of Dunwich. Oct. 29, " Hiram Perkins to Harriet McNames, of Westminster. Dec. 24, " Duncan McDugald to Mary McKiller, of Lobo. .Ian. 13, 1834— Jacob Cooley to Dorka Reynolds, of Dorchester. Feb. 10, " Malcolm Smith to Mary McFarlin, of Lobo. Feb. 14, " Angus Graham to Cristy Smith, of Lobo. Feb. 23, " Henry Stringer to Derinaan Elliott, of Westminster. June 9, " Richard Patrick to Hannah Simmons, of Westminster. June 19, " Andrew Carl to Lucretia Clarke, of Westminster. Aug. 7, " John Patrick to Roxena Thorp, of Westminster. Sept. 30, " Patrick Walker to Mary Beach, of London. Nov. 9, " John H. Campbell to Annie Quick, of Caradoc. Nov. 12, " John McKey to Isabella McCorinick, of Williams. Jan. 8, 1835 — Andrew McClureto Sjimantha A. Crandle, of Southwold. Jan. 15, " James Mclntire to Jano Mcintosh, of Ekirid. Feb. 18, " Armon Biirrett to Susan Little, of Southwold. Feb. 23, " Charles Moice to Jjlissa Burger, of Southwold. Mar. 2, " John Kizier to Elmira Dell, of Westminster. Mar. 17, " Henry Cook to Nancy Harrison, of London. Mar. 25, " Jacob Dale to Eliza Hansel, of Westminster. April 11, " George Shaver to Rebecca Hart, of Westminster. July 8, ' ' Hiram B. Mann to Margaret Stringer, of Westminster. Aug. 9, " Francis Jarvis to Ounda Perkins, of Westminster. Nov. 10, " Daniel Sipiers to Lois Burnam, of Westminster. Dec. 9, " Daniel Whitehead to Lovina Wilkins, of Westminster. Dec. 13, " George Hollis to Harriett Leahy, of Southwold. Dec. 25, " Kenedy Creighton to Laura S. Hart, of London. Dec. 30, " Wm. Foster to Sarah Woodhull, of Lobo. n r. Dort. son. :iain. irilHth. iby. ckson. o. jr. Weir. the fol- jondoD, sr, Lon- id Lon- COIJNiV OK .Mn)lJI,K8KX. Sov. II: '•''-Rten SZr,^" '/-'^ "*»' ««'>«"•'«. of Westminster . . 7' Alexander Ihiinmu fn iiiii°„..~ ni._i. 67 Juno 24, July 1, AiiR. r., " .Sei)t. 12, " Sept, 20, " Oct. 10, " Nov. 4, " Nov. 9, " I>cc. 14, " Dec. 18, " Dec. 1,^ " Jan. 1)S, 1838 iMay 15, " June a, " July y, Ai 1 ,n, ''" ^"""i-y flici'a , of Kkfriil Alexander Thomas to Juliana Clirk nr r„„i K;1--,a'nr?^ Ma^/yTsa^iS^oV V^F^ John Wson to Mary liioito, of London Samuel L. Sumner to Ca/iah Sohn.s,o London Henj. Sumner to Mary I'iatt, of Lomlom "' i nTamin's " ^^f^' S«»to«, of Delawar^ " . iSTsSr^.i;"ffi-?'^r- d';;- g' ^'^f-'-J"'"' ^If all"", to Mary McKella,, of Kkfrid April 1 ' .. ■°t xlTu '° '^'*7 ^^'"^'■»>'' o' KkWd June 1 ■' Henn Fh-ot?„i„^'""pnV''Lean, ofDunwich. June 29 " (r! V ,? . , ^"'"^'* *^"'<'". o' Ekfrid June 2.., Malcolm McAIpino to Nancy McAlpin" 'of Ekfrid 1835-John M.l .arn.id to Mary Ilnrges , of N 1,,,.; Thomas Morgan to Kachel Kosser, of L™ ,o„- i} '"'*"' 1 'okart to Mary A Pickwl nf ^r; '"; ■■''"Srn Y" *" ^? "^"' oftlubn.'^ •"""•'• ■losiah D Burgess to Jemima Near, of Nissouri te ir;r[^' '^ KleanorSimons: o[ L bo ""• .10 in C. Holding to Ksther Markham, of Niasn„ri John Kohner to Mary A. Edwards, of Dorchester Joremiali Dorman to Catherine Matthew, nfr , James G. Barnes to Sarah J Withers of W^[ ^ "'^°"- Is 18-5S ^''°"'^V"*''j'g°oJtoMarillarin .'''■°'^'''°""- f: f -S^PS- ?Ss-rsS:7kouri Cin^i ^^r S, ^Soi^S ^S?; ^^^:.f ^- ^--"^- Baptist Jo,seph Alwood and Chri.sten McKay, o? n!,S. '"''"^^ '^'"'^ ^^^^"° Nov, May July Oct. Dec. Jan. Jan. July May Aug. 30J Dec. 2, Dec. 6, Dec. 28, Jan. Mar 1^. 10, 20, 24, 14, 21, 1, 1, 58 HISTOUY OK TIIK I Diigiild Sincliiir, a Baptist minister, vecorded the foUowinj:; certifi- cates : — Meli. 2, ISSf)— John McKclIar to Sarah LivinRHtone, of Mesa. Apr. '2S, " Coli|iiliouii C8iii])l)ull to Catharine Sinclair, of Adelaide. July SI, " Alex. Cunipbcll to Jannet MoArthur, of Carado?. Auj;. 25, " .lohn iMcOngan to Sarah McTajrgart, of Williams. Dec. ;!, " Donald McDonald to Mary McTaggart, of Lobo. Feb. !), 1836 — Adonija Degraw to Lsabella McNeil, of Caradoc. Rev. Du!,'ald Sinclair, of tlio Baptist Society, also registered the fol- lowing marriages : — Jan. ]l, 1S36— Donald Campbell to Margaret Brown, of Williams. Nov. 21, " Alex. (Iralmm to Ann Stuart, of Lobo. Dec. 11, " Duncan McLean to Catherine McKinloy, of Lobo. Rev. Sanuiel I'.aker, of the Regular Raplist (.'hurch, of Malahide, registered the following : — Feb. "), 1836 — John McLachlin to Catherine McKenzie, of Willianistown, Mar. 20, " George Sloot to Sarah He.st, of Westminster, .luly U), 1S37 — W^illiam F, Curry to Susannah Moses, of Mosa. Rev. iJavid Wright, of the W. M. Church, united in matrimony, .Ian. 17, 1838— John Frank and Hester Walters, of Westminster. Rev. Wm. McDermond, a Calvinist Baptist, united, May 6, 183,") — Phillip Rosier and Maria Edwards, of London. Rev. Jo.seph Merrill, of the Bayham Bajitist Church, united. Sept. 26, ISSij— James H. Stephenson to Eliza Dunmead, of Dorchester. Rev. Nichols French, of West Oxford Regular Baptist Church, united : — Sept. 30, 1831 — Hiram German to Sarah Brigham, ii issouri. Oct. 11, 1835 — Samuel Herrin to Mary Whiting, of Dorchester. June 17, 1837^Thoma8 Sriuires, of Dorchester, to Catherine Bentley. Rev. J. R. Lavelle, a Universalist minister, made the first marriage record of his church at London, as follows : — April 25, 1850 — Bartholomew Swartz to Sylvanio Shotwell, of Westminster. The marriages solemnized by Rev. Thomas Huckins, of the Free Will Baptist Church, of London, are as follows : — Feb. ■), 1833 — Jo.seph Miller to Susannah Hampton, of London. April 15, •' Hugh Stevenson to Catherine Donaldson, of London. July 16, " Peter Sc'vis to Sarah A. Phroman, of London. Aug. 28, " Charles Mann to Sarah Jaynes, of London. Oct. 10, " David Duke to Maria Whitehead, of Biddulph. Dec. 31, " Wm. Patterson to Jane Marckel, of London. Jan. 13, 1834 — John W. White to Elizabeth Buchner, of London. Jan. 21, " Edward P. Godfrey to Mary Moore, of Southwold. Mar. 16, ' John Frasier to Almeda Gilbert, of Southwold. April 8, " Jacob Eberly to Sarah Mills, of Oxford. COLNTY OF M1L)DLK.SK.\. 5» itifi- P11 i le fol- lahi(.U', •iiuoiiv, L'hurch, carriage er. he Frt'O May 4, May 13, June 2(5, 1S34 Auk- 10, Nov. 11, ' ' Nov. 16, Dec. 24, Dec. :«>, •> Jan. i;i. l.S3.'> Jan, l(i. •' Sept. l.""). Jan. 2)1, 18:ii! Mar. 2'.t, i • Mav 23, May 24, Juno 10, t i Auk. «, AuK. !), Auk. 31, Sept. 18, Nov. V2, ,'.■ -Daniel Root to Rhoda Fuller, of Warwick. Stephen (iridin to Klizabeth Mcriierson, of Southwold. (loorKi^ W. Ro.is to Diailonia Paul, of Hiililulph. John Fralick to Annis i'icrce, of London. Alliert KUice to ,Iano A. Reynolds, of London. Ral|ih Little to Maranda rurcha.sc, of London. Levi VftU(?han to .Mary Scott, of London. Roliert HolnicM to .MarKaret Keckord, of Duuwich. -Azarah \V. Clark to Ann .SarviH, of London. Archihald Trice to Ann MonaKhaii, of London. Cornelius WillianiH to Klizalieth Di'tields. of .Mosa. -Samuel Muiiro to Kleanor liauKhart. of Wefitiuinster. Robert Mrowii to .Sarah Attwood, ol Dunwich. AKxander Wear to Jano HodKiuH, of Tiondoii. James 1'. llnrri.s to Martha Jack.son, of Dereham. William .SnclKrove to Kleanor Adkins, of Caradoc. Caleb Willcox to Jano llartlett, of Mosa. Horace Cooley to /olpha Mo.ses, of .Mosa. Cornelius .lones to Ilurriet Abry, of Fjondon. Aloiizo Smith to Lucy II\il)bard, of Mosa. F. Finley, of I'lympton, to Ann Sharp, of London. In 1847, Itcv. D. Stophenstm Stav was preaclun- in this district. Coitf/vei/ittiniial Clnuvh. — The Con.^iv^aliimal Cliiircli was n']ii'o- S(!nted in the London District in 18o5, for on 0(?t. 15 tiial year Itev. Win. Lyall tool-: the oath and was authorized to celehrato niarriafeill to Phebe Sweet, of London. 1839— Wm. .laekson to Rhoda Siddal, of Mosa. ■' John Henderson to Rachel A. O'Dell, of Westminster. " John L. Swart to Martha Manning, of Westminster. " Robert Ivearns to Ann Candless, of London. " Elijah Payne to Margaret Wheaton, of London. " Peter Ross to Louisa Elliott, of Ekfrid " John Heattio to Elizabeth Elliott, of Westminster. " Thomas Boston to Mary A. Jones, of Lobo. " Samuel Bond to Mary A. Campbell, of London. •' AVilliam Young to Mary Parker, of London. " John Gubbins to Sophia Reynolds, of London. " Porter Stevens to Hannah Eldridgc, of Westminster. May June 25, 1, June '. June !», Juno 11, July Sept. Deo. 23, 3, 18, Jan. 10, .fan. 30, Feb. 13, Mar. fi. Mar. f- Mar. 13. Mar. 27. Apr. May May May May 28, 3. 8. 11, 13, May ■23, .luill' 1'2, June 13. Svyt. 1!». Oct. IS, Oct. ;«), Oct. yi, Nov. 1, Nov. ■1, Nov. 28, Dec. (, Dec. an, .Ian. n. .Inn. IM, 60 HISTOUY OK TIIK 23, 1839— Calfb (irinitli to Carolini' Morris, of fjondon. " .lohn WooliiiKton to Ann Weir, of Loncloii. " IClcazcr McCarthy to Mary A. licvonu, ol Dorrhestur. " 'i'lionias Dark to (iraic Kottpnl)ury, of London. " Natlianici LawNon to Ann ThoniaH, of liondon. " Kalpli Sniitli to Mary Davison, of I,ond(in. " VVm\. Dickson to Margaret Anid, of Warwick. " .lohn Chirkc to rrudinic Hailcy, of NiN.souri. " Neil Munroe to Flora llaro, of Westminster. " ,lose[ih .Mowrcy to Alary A (iullin, of London. " Lorenzo D. Cook to Mary Steiniiotf, of London " .lames S. Stcinliolf to .Mary Cook, of London, 1810 -Henry I'almcr to M.ihala Carter, of London. " .lohn Lodge to Kleanor Koote, of Soiitinvold. Mcfliiitrinl Church — Wcslcviin Mctliodi.sm in Ciinada diitos hack to Oct. 7, 178(i, wlicu (Jeovf^e Neiil, an Irisliiiiaii, wlio settled on tlic (Jiinadiiin side of tlie Niagara, jncaelieil liio docti'ine of Joliii Wesley. J)uiiiij,' the IJevolution hi; was a major in llie Ihilisli cavalry. Prior to this, liowever, Capt. Weblt and ('oniniissary Tiiiley, of the 44tli Infantry, preached the same doctrine to the <,'arrisons. In 1788, Kxhorter Lyons ja'caclied at Adol]>hn.stown, and Jam(!S McCarthy, an Irishman, at Karnesttown. In 17i)(), Wm. Lossce, the tir.st regnlar Methodist ju'eacher, came, lie was a U. E. Loyalist, who managed to stay in the States nntii that year. In 1791, however, he ajipeared in the role of a Methodist K])isco]ialian. In 180o, the first cam]) meeting was held on the south shore of Hay Hay. Among the preacheis were Revs. Henry Kyan, an Irishman; Wm. Case, Madden, liangs, Keeler and Pickett. Kyan was known from Montreal to Sandwich, having travelled the entire district on regular circuit work. The first Methodist church was built at Adolphustown, in 1792, in which year a second hous(! was erected at Earnesttown. In 1816, Westminster was set ofl' as a Methodist circuit, iis rcdated in the history of that townshi]), and from this beginning spread out the many .Methodist circuits and ajjjwint- ments of Middlesex, the history of which is told in the sketches of the municii«ilities. In 1826, Henry Ryan raised the cry, " Loyal Methodism vs. Republican Methodism." This cry was countenanceil and paid for by J)r. Strachan, of the English Church, on behalf of his g(jvernment, and carried out so yn-actically by liyan, that the Canadian Wesleyau M(!thodist Church became a name in the history of the Dominion in 1827. He was quick at re])artee. On one occasion a village wag, one of a crowd, askwl him if he had heard the news ^ " What news ?" "Why," said the wag, "that the devil is dead." "Ah, well," re- sponded Ityan, looking around the crowd, " he has, indeed, left a great many fatherless children." In 1874, the Methodist New Connexion Church, and some other forms of Christianity, entered the (Janadian Wesleyau body, and all assumed the name, Methodist Church of Canada. In 1884, the Episcopal Methodists and Bible Christians entered the Union, so it may be said that to-day Henry Ryan's idea of 1826 is au accomplished fact. I "It COU.NTY (iK MII)ni,F,.HKX. 61 iism vs. ll for by nit, and ''osleyau iiiion in Ivat', one news i lell," re- a great he other [and all ^84, the fn, so it lupUshed Oct. 14, 18:M l)(!f. U, II Dec. 31, II .Ian. 1, i83ri Jan. 1, l< Jan. 2«, II Jan. 2'.», ** April ;l, " April 11), II April 28, ** I'Aiiiy Mifliixl'inf MtirniKjcM. — Ucv. John Houtty, n Wealcyau .Mclhddist uiinistur, ivcurdi'd this followinj,' {•ortiticates of nian'i(i|,'u : — Xov. 20, 1833 — .lolin Nixon to Janu .lacksdn, of Lomlun. i)p<'. I, " Williiini WhceliT to Mciinda Kliiiiigau, of London. \hv. 18, " Ira Allen to .Iiiiiii (ictliy, of Fiolii). Jan. 13, 1831 YuncI .May to Mary iJrownc, of NiN.souri. Jan, 21, " Anilrcw Nertx to Mary Suinnior, o( Westminster, Rev. .Tamos Jackson, of tlit! Wcsleyan Methodist Church, of the I,iiiid(tn District, solemnized tliese mairiayes : — N'ov, 18, 18.'iJ .(ohn I,aml>ort to Mary Ann Smith, of Lolio. Kel), 12, KS.i,'') — .lames C. .Smith, ol London, to Lucy McDougal, of .Soiithwolil. llev. Lsaac Newton Dnfjan West, of the Weslcyaii Methodist Church, jierfonned the marriaj,'e ceremony in the following instances : — -.lohn Stanley to Kli/a Atkinson, of London. Warren Yotiiif; to Susan Heastidds, of Lomlon. Iliram Dell to Anne Frank, of Westminster. -William Wilson to Klizaheth Uevans, (;f Nissouri. Joel Moriarity to Lui!y A. lievans, of Nissouri. Koswell Forbes to Kliza Lamoure, ot London. William .Stinolf to Kliza Holt, of Yarmouth. Henry McKay to Uebecca Patrick, of London. Alexander liane to Mary Lewis, of Zorra. Au>;ustus Hicks to Alvira Itarucs, of London. Rev. William (IrilUs, of the Wcsleyan Methodist Church, jf)ineil the following named jiersoiis in matrimony : — Sept. 4, 1!>34— Daniel Freeman to Lsabella Mailey, of Nissouri. Oct. 29, " .Joseph ISarnes to Klcanor Williams, of London. ,Ian. 13, LS35— James N. Holmes to Margaret Sutton, of Westminster. Mar. 18, " William Patterson to Eliza Hrethwait, of London. April 7, " William I{o.ss to Amanda Hcntley, of London. April 11, " .lacob Wilsie to Eleanor Manning, of Westminster. May 19, " Wm. McFaddcn to Lucinda Walcot, of London. May 20, " .lames Thompson to Catherine Murphy, of London. May 21, ' Wni. Jackson to Margaret Webster, oi London. May 2t), " Charles (1, Bostwick to Evis Manning, of Westminster. Nov. 4, 183.') — ,Iohn Jones to Ann Jane Curry, of Mosa. Nov. 4, " Oeorge Curry to Elizabeth Jones, of Alosa. Feb, 24, 1836— James Gardiner to Rebecca Flemon, of Mosa. Rev. John S. Atwood, of the Wesleyau Methodist Church, married this couple : — Oct. 4, 1835— Silas R. Hall to Jane S, Hyde, both of Dorchester, Rev. Dugald Campbell, of the Baptist Church, of Aklboroiigli, recorded the following certilicates : — -Robert McAlpiiie to Hetty McLachlin, of Mosa. Duncan McPhail to Mary .McCalluni, of Zone. Archiliald Murray to Flora McAlpine, of Ekfrid. Donald Smith to Isabella Mitchell, of Ekfrid. Duncan McCall to Sarah Haggart, of Lobo. John McCall to Catherine McCall, of Lobo. D. McCalluni to Mary Black, of Dunwich. Feb. 2, 1836 Feb. 25, Mar. 1, Mar. 29, Mar 31, April 4, June 14, 62 HISTOKY OK rilK Rev. C. ViiiHlerHoii, of tho Wesloyivn Mothodist Clmrcli, imitod tlio fdUowing couples : — Dec. 12, 18;)8— Nathan Choat to Carolino OiMw, of .St. TliomaH. Feb., " TliDiiias Allen to Mcli«Mii (Jri'Kory, ot .St. TIiouuim. Uvv. David Wi'ij,'lit, of the Woshiyan Mothodist Chiireli, lecordi'd tlie fdllowiu'' iimrriii<'es: — IHIJf,- Dfi'. Dec. Feb. Fob. Feb. Apri Apri .Fiiiie .S,.p. Oct. Nov, Dec. .Ian. Mar. Feb. April .'), May 3, May 24, Auk. 10. Oct. 6, Nov. 9, Eov. J. marriages a.s follow.s : 1837 10, ;n. IN, 18, 2!t, ill, I 21, 2!», I', 27, 1.1. 2.1, 10, 21, Simoon Morrell to Kleanor liuacli, of Oxford. " Hubert Itarrie to .Maria VandttlmrKli, of Tiomloa. 183(1— .Idhu Taylor to Martlia WilliM, of London. " (luoriio Monully to K.liza A. ManniuK. of WiwtminHter. ■' (iL'orKe .Sweuten to .Mary flardncr, of Adelaiilc. Alexander Cai loron to Mary Wcstby, of Tiii kcrsmith. William JaclcHon tu Kli/abctli Clialmon, of London. .lolin ArnistronK to Sarali YomiK. of Tuckersiiiith. Henry II (^"onistoek to Liicretia Strowbrid^e, of Westniin.>tter. Edward Mutton to Ann lieynolds, of London. .James Stewins to Ann Swart, of London. Wel.sie .Manninj; to Amanda Simsoii, of Wentminster. 1837— Uenjamin Wooillnill to Lucinda .Miner, of Delaware. " TliomaH (Jiicst to .Mary .McRoliert. of fiondon. " .lohn Kcarns to I'c.rlina Scliram, of liOndon. " .lames Mcllmuritty to Ann .lolinston, of Ailolaido. " .lames llryani to Klizabeth Ayers, of WestndiiHter. " Andrew Yaks to Wealthy Crouse. of Westminster. Uev. .1. K. Williston to Kleanor Morden, of Weatminster. " (ieorfje McConnell to Kliza Willi.s, of London. " George W. Albee to Hannah Vail, of London. I'laimgaii, of tlio Wcsleyaii Metliocii.st Church, .solemnized Ira .M. Sumnor imd Elizabeth Merrill, of London. " Charles Houg and Hannah .1. Day, of Hipiiii. Kev. Edmund SLuuey, a Wesleyan minister, made the followin;,' record : — Sept. 17, 1837— William H. V. Hill to Mary Stevens, of London. Oct. 3, " Leonard O'Dell to lUcliel Norton, of Dorchester. Mar. 27, 1838 — Simeon Sanborn to .Mahala Hartshorn, of London, April 23, •' .lohn Willis to .Susan Shaw, i.i' London. May 30, " Geo. Alway to .Ian(! ArnistroMg, of Lobo. Aug. 29, " Daniel .Morden to Eliza . I. Koidson, of London. Sept. 11, " Gabriel Willeia to Catherine O'Dell, of Westminster. Sept. 10, " Geo. Oliver to .Mary A. Percival, of London. Sept. 20, " Artliu:- McGerry to Charlotte Towe, of London. Thomas Fawcett, of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, recorded the following marriage certificate : — Feb, 28, 1838— Ezekial Caldwell to Sarah Sutton, both of Westminster. I , ^ 1 Rev. Caleb Burdick, of the li. N. A. Methodist Church, united these couples : — Aug. 15, 1833— Adoram Frank to Eliza Hodgson, of Westminster. Jan. 19, 1835 — Wni. Conly to Mary Walker, of Dorchester. Jan. 21, " Truman Burgess to Carolino Furry. Aug. 17, " Amos Ferrin to Anna Cornwall, of Dorchester. Mar. 22, 1836 — John McLarity, of Yarmouth, to Anna McArthur, of Dorchester. June 29, 1837 — Jacob Stover, of Dorchester, to Ann Froman, of Maladide, (OUNTY OK MIDKLKSKX. 63 J(l llio SCOllll'tl iiiiistcr. ter. jlemnizwl fullowiti;^ 4 Ijorded the er. ell, united : Dorchester. Ikdide. Ki'V. I{()lK.!it Karl, u Woslcyaii, ,jon. of Westminster. April 10, " 'riionia.s Oir to Alii^ail Tyrrell, of Westminster. May 17, " James Owry to Kliza Orr, of Westminster. .Sept. 2ti, '' Aliram Lewis to Charlotte Patterson, of Westminster. Get. 17, " lienjamin lieiitley to C'liristian .Stringer, of liaylium. Nov. 27, " Jared Klwood to Kosanna Talnmn, of Westminster. Mvfliodht Ckuirh cont'niucd. — Tlio Ali-thodist Episcopal Church was contcinjMiviuy with, if not ]pai't of, tlio Wt'sleyaii Society. In liSli7-8 the Henry Uyan rolii^'ioiis rehellioii closed oil' the American form, and from tliat period to 1S(S4 l'".pis('opal Methodism was known liero. In tlie early marria,i,'e record— relating' to dissiiiiters from the En;4lish Church — many of tlu! early ministers are mimed ; while, in the liistory of the circuits of Miildlesex from ISltj to IHliS, the pioneer ]ireachers all find mention. In Ajail, IH.il, Kev. .Samuel jlolton, of the Methodist Kiiiscojial Churcii of Yarmouth, applied for permit to j)erform the mairiajie ceremony, and took tlu; oath of allej,'iunce. Thomas Harmon, of Westminster, and Caleb I'urdick, of Malahide, also took the oath, witli Abner Matthews, Matthew Wliitiiig, Thomas Whiteliead ami Asahel Jlidbert. IJev. -Tohn Hailey, of Nissouri, took the oath of allei^iance in October, 1835, and was authorized to perform the marriage ceremony. I'rior to and immediately after the troubles of lS.'i7-S, Methodist E])iscopal preachers were looked ujioii with .some ])olitical su.spicion ; but they rushed forward in numbers to take the oath of allegiance. Among the leading ministers from IH.'IO to 18.^1 were: — .John H. Houston, 1839, Norwich; James Mitchell, 1840, London; George Turner, 1839, London; Cliarles I'ettys, 1840, London; David Griffin, 1840, Bavham ; Thomas Webster, 1840, London; IJernard Markle, 1844, Mosa; Ben.son Smith, 1843, London; W. 1). Hughes, 1843, Westminster; James Nixon. 1843, Malahide; Nathan I'arke, 184,"), Mosa ; Samuel Dunnett, 1846, Delaware ; liansom Dexter, 184r>, Malahide; Henry Gilmore, 1846, Malahide; John Gibson, 184(), London ; Abram 11. Hoy, 1847, Malahide ; Nathan Parke, 1847, Chatham; Hiram A. Eraser, 1848, Caradoc; Matthew McGill, 1849* Caradoc; Schuyler Stewart, 1848, Malahide; Wm. Cope, 1849' 'i (J4 IIISTOUY OK THK /I !' Caradoc; Gooi'uu I'. Harris, 1849, Dorchester; J, VV. Jacobs, 1S51, Yarmouth; Sylvester L. Kerr, 1851, London; Thomas Davis, 1851, Ekfrid. Mavv of the above-named, sucli as Dr. Webster, have served the district up to the union ^vitll tlie Cantidian Methodists in 1884. London District, in 1880, cliiimed the followinj,' ministers : — Rev. E. Lounsbmy, I'residiiif,' Elder ; London City, M. Dimmick, O. (1. Colla- more; London Circuit, John Laycock; St. Mary's, Nissouri, J. 15. Cutler, J. Bloodsworth ; 'riiamesibid, C. M. Thomjison ; St. Thomas, 11. C. Parsons ; Southwold, S. Knott, (J. \V. Bristol ; Dorchester, N. Dickie; Sprin-;lield, A. Keiniedy ; Parkhill M. (V 'Tin ; Thedibrd, E. (i. I'elley ; (loderich, G. A. Francis; Seaforth, C. W. Vollick ; Brussels, D. Ecker ; Ingcrsoll, W. H. Shaw ; Embro, AL H. Bartrani ; Stanley, K. A. Ilowey ; Maitland, W. N. Vallick ; Westminster, J. T. Davis, T. B. Brown; Aylmer, J. Ferf,'u.son ; Malahido, W. Fausher, W. M. Tec])le ; Tilsonburg, J. IJose ; Norwich, W. Benson, W. E. Giilbrd; ilt. Elgin, J. Gardiner, I). C. L. ; VieuTia, W. A. Shaw; Walsingham, Thos. Graham ; Sweaborg, A. Scratch. In 1881 the following named ])resid(!d over the several circuits: — London, M. Dinunick ; London Circuit, B. C. ^Moore ; Ingcrsoll, W. H. Shaw, B. Laurence (su]ierannuated) ; St. Mary's and Nissouri, C. M. Thomp.son, J. Mitchell; Thamesford, M. H. Bartrani, II. Service (superamuuited) ; F'mbro, K. J. Warner, B A. ; Sweaborg, John Wood ; Dorchester, M. Griflin ; Westminster, J. T. Davis, J. Bloodworth ; St. Thomas, W. G. Brown, B. B Itogers, A. A. C. ; Southwold, W. Fan- sher, T. J. Brown ; I'arkhill, J. Laycock ; (ioderich, G. A. Erancis ; Bosan(iuet, S. Knott ; Seaforth, C. w". Vollick ; Maitland, W. N. Vol- lick ; Stanley, N. Dickie, E. Ling ; Norwich, O. G. Collamore, C. A. Moore; Aylmer, J. Ferguson; Sprinj.field, A. Kennedy; Malahide, J. Rose, T. J.Smith; Tilsonburg, G. A. I'ilcher; Mt. Elgin, J. Gardiner; Vienna, A. Scratch, D. Gritlin ; Walsingham, W. Scurr. In 1882, Rev. J. (Gardiner presided over the district with M. H. Bartram and B. C. Moore, of London ; J. Ferguson and C. A. Moore, of Mt. Elgin ; W. N. Vollick, of Nissouri ; A. Scratch, of Endiro ; John Wood, of Sweaborg ; M. Griffin, of Dorchester ; W. H Shaw and T. J. Smith, of Westminster, and J. Laycock, Parkhill. Strathroy and other circuits, such as Newbury, belonged to other districts ; Dr. Webster, of the latter place, being a resident worker of the church in this county for almost half a ceTitury. In 1884 the union of this church with the Methodist Church of Canada was eH'ected. Early Methodist Ejmcopal Murniujes. — The earliest record of marriages dates back to 1831, when E])hraim Smith, a minister of the Gospel, sent to the Clerk the following certificates : — April 24, 1831 — Lorenzo D. Bates to Mary Karl. May 4, " Jolni Sharj) to Martha Smith. Oct. 30, " Samuel Healy to Christiana Howell. Jan. 26, 1832— Eli Cross to Anna Smith. COUNTY OK MinnLESEX. 65 1«51, 1851, iA the 1884. lev. E. Collii- J. 15. 'lioraas, iter, N. :ovd, E. /■ollick ; avtvaiu ; er, .1. T. Fausber, , W. E. . Shaw ; •cuits : — vsoll,\V. 5S0iu'i, C. L Service 111 Wood ; orth; St. W. Fan- Erancis ; N. Voi- re, 0. A. iMalahide, [Gardiner ; litli M. H. A. Moore, [f Enibro; I. H Shaw Strathroy bicts; Di. church in Ion of this record of Iter of the ■v Feb. 16, 1S32— .lohii Maher to Lodico Smith. Mar. 16, " David T. Duncan to Mary Gillett. Mar. 24, " Chris. L. Barnes to Amy Otis. The gi-eater number of above resided in Norwich Township. Tiie following recorded marriages were solemnized by Rev. Thos. Whitehead, of the Methodist Ejiiscopal Church: — Oct. 14, 1832— Jasper H. Gooding to Mary Good, of Goderich. Nov. .'i, " Thomas B. Hale to Jane Willaon, of Goderich. Nov. 11, " ■\Villiani Holland to Kliza Hicks, of Goderich. Ai)ril 17, 1833— Thomas Webster to Mary Bailey, of Nissonri. July 10, " Arthur Siiuires to Lydia Carter, of Stanley. The marriages solemnized l)y llev. Ezra Adams, of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurcli, of the London District, are recorded as follows : — July Oct. Oct. Xov. Nov. Jan. Feb. Feb. Dec. Fob. 1S32— Thomas Hurlburt to Betsy A. Adams, of Caradoc. " Jackson Statl'ord to Isabella Nickald, of Southwold. Carroll to Lydia Kelly, of Mosa. 13, " John Philips to Harriet Caswell, of Westminster. 20, " James Xash to Keziah Lockwood, of Caradoc. 31, 1833 — Seneca Edwards to .Mary Curry, of Mosa. 20, " \Vm. Provost to Sally Siddal, of Dunwich. 20, " Horace Kelly to Nancy Provost, of Mosa. 3, 1S34- Criviu Davison to Jane Nichols, of Ekfrid. 4, 183.5 — Ijhn Coyne to Elizabeth Neal. Jan. 1, Jan. 7, Jan. 28, Feb. 10, Apr. 15, May (i. May «, Alay «, July 29, Rev. Jesse Owen, of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli, i)erformed the ceremony of maiTiage in the following cases : — 1833 — William Hodgman to Ann McGogan, of Caradoc. " James Clarke to Harriet Ramsay, of Caradoc. " Allen Fox to Jane Hunt, of London. " Belah King to Maria Dickison, of London. ■' Charles Dickisou to Elizabeth Neadham, of London. " Cyrus Hawlcy to Eliza Smith, of London. " John Geary to Eliza Hasket, of London. " Moses Willson to Eliza Bailey, of Nissouri. " John Jackson to Nancy Sawtle, of London. Aug. 28, " John Wheaton to Jane Clark, of London. Rev. John Bailey, of the Methodist Episcoyial Church, united : — J'-'y 4, 1837 — Charles Pettys to Mary Nixon, of Nissouri. Rev. Charles Pettys, of the same denomination, married the following : — Sept. 20, 1837— Cyrus P. Meriam to Margaret McBean, of EkI'rid. Oct. 19, 1838 — Alonzo Charles to Lucy Blackmore, of Mosa. Daniel IMcket, a Methodist Episcopal preacher, united: Oct. 8, 1834 —James Nixon to Annie Nichols, of London Township.* Bible Chnstiarfi. — The Bible Christian Church may be said to have been established at London in 1869. In that circuit in 1871 there were two itinerant and nine local preachers, four places of wor- * These marriage notices are copied from old and Imperfect records, and, doubtless, contain errors, for which, owing to thi care employed In these pages, the publishers are not accountable. I'iii' ^' 66 HISTORY OF THE sliij), and 179 inombers. liev. W. JoUiHie and J. Collins were pastors. Jn 1873 W. Keener was at London. J. J. Itice came in 1875, and in 1876 he, with F. M. Wliitlock vere ministers. In 1877 S. J. Allin iissisted Mr. liice, .iis divided, as shown in the local history of this society. The 12th annual meeting was held in May, ISSU, within their church at London South, when tlu^ following named ministers and laymen were present : — Kevs. \V. Hooper (Su]Kirintendenl), T. R. Hull, W. Ayers, W. Quance, J.Archer, G. H. Copelaiid, 11. Mallett, B. A , T. Mason, W. Kollins and S. .1. Cunnings ; Messrs. J. Lsaac, J. Cole, W. Gerry, W. Field, J. Small, W. Jennings, E. Johnson and 11. Keiniedy. The otlicers a])pointed were Rev. W. Rollins, Secretary ; Rev. R. Alallett, Journal Secretary ; Rev. G. H. Copeland, Reporter for the Observer; and the ministers: — London Centre, Rev. \V. (j)uance; London East, Rev. G. H, Copeland; Loudon South, Rev. W. Rollins; Lambeth, Rev. T. Mason; Dereham, Rev. T. R Hull; Ingersoll, Rev. J. Archer; St. Thoma,s, Rev. W. Hooper. A])pointments continued to he made annually until the union of 1884, when the liil)le Clnistians lost their distinctive title and became a jiart of the Methodist Church of Canada. In the chapters devoted to local history the several churches of this society are noticed. Luflieraus. — The Lutheran Church in Canada dates back to 1790, when a building, known as Zion Church, was erected east of Kingston, and Rev. Schwerfeyer, of Albany X. Y., called as jiastor. About this time a Mr. Myers, of Philadelphia, resided in Maryslnirgh Townshij), where a large number of Palatinates and other German loyalists had sought refuge. His mission was not successful, so that in 1807 he returned to Peimsylvania, Rev, j\Ir. Weant, who preached at Ernest- town, and in 1S08, at Matilda, found but poor sH])port, and in 1811 joined the English Church clandestinely ^L Quebec. Returning, he continued to preach to his people, who found him using the Book of Common Prayer, and wearing a surplice — cause sufficient for his dismissal. In 181-4, Mr. Myers was recalled, but finding that Weant had ])Osse.s.'jion of the building, had to resort to dijilomacy to obtain its use for worshi]). In 1817, Myers also joined the English Church. Both were addicted to brandy-drinking and consequent drunkenness, Myers dying from the eil'ects of a fall. MiscclUmcous Socidics. — The Quakers or Society of Friends, introduced their faith in 1790, when David Sand and Elijah Hick held services at James Noxen's house, Adolphustown. They had a house of worship erected tlun'e, the first in Canada ; the second being at Sophia.sburg. Jo,sei)h Leavens, who died in 1844, in his 92nd year, was one of the leading ]jreachers of the society. The Mennonites claim to l)e direct descendants of the Vandois or Waldenses, who, during the latter ])art of the twelfth century, were driven by oppression into Holland, and who lived there a scattered f 1 1 !' 1 .1 If 1 K 1 1 i k-J COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 67 .stovs. ,nd in Alliu ro cii- icd, as eeting when ^s. W. Richer, (1 S. J. Small, jiointed retary ; ters : — peland ; srehain, lev. W. itil tlie ve title In the 1 society ,0 1790, Kingston, out this Dwnshi]), ists had 807 he Ernest- 1811 g, he iook of for his Weaut blain its Church, euuess, Friends, ick held a house behig at hid year, audois or ury, were scattered in 4 i sect until the sixteenth century, when Menno Simon, a refonned priest, gathered them together and organized them into i compact religious body, to which he gave his name. Because of the principles they held they still suil'ered persecution, even to the extent of martyr- dom, and finally a large body of Aleimonites emigrated from Holland to the United States and settled in and around Pennsylvania, about the close of the seventeenth century. Here they found the freedom of worship from wliich they had been so long debarred, and flourished, a prosperous community. But after a century of peace the war of tlie American Independence overshadowed the land, and, among many others, a few of tliese people, preferring to remain under British rule, left their pleasant homesteads to travel northward. Over the extensive uncultivated spaces between Pennsylvania and the border line they journeyed, nor paused until they settled once again with others of our old Loyalist forefathers ujion Canadian shores, where they began to form new homes among the pathless woods of Niagara peninsula, bringing with them a loyalty that has clung to creed as firmly as to crown in each succeeding generation. The New Jerusalem Church dates back to 1861 for 'ts organization in Canada. In June of every year conference is held, and executive and ecclesiastical committees aiipointed, One of the great meetings of this associ.ition was held at Stiathroy in 1 876, when four ministers and an average number of delegates and visitors were present from the following places: — Berlin, Toronto, Wellesloy, Stratford, Caledonia, Chatham, C'onestoga, Watford, Waterloo, and Yorkville. Letters were received from members in London, St Catharines, Hamilton, New Brunswick, Ottawa, Lisbon, IMt. Brydges, Parkhill, Ingersoll, and other places. Moravians. — The liistory of the Moravians begins in 1457, nearly a century before England accepted the teachings of Luther. Toward the close of the fifteenth century there were 200 societies in Moravia and Bohemia, and at this time their bible was issued. During the succeeding 300 years the new church died out in its cradle ; but, in 1749, tlie Briti.sli Parliament acknowledged them a part of the Protes- tant Episcopal Church, and encouraged their settlement in North America. In 1741, a few Moravians met for worship in New York. During 1749, a number of Moravians established a mission in Tuscar- awas County, Ohio, and here, in 1781, 100 of their number wore killed under the auspices of the very })eople who patronized them and sent them to the colonies. The survivors of the massacre moved to Detroit that year, and settled at New Gnadenhutten, near Mount Clemens, on the Clinton Eiver of Lake St. Clair. During their term there fourteen members died. They were hated by the Otchipwas on account of their newly formed friendshii)S for the Americans, and as that part of Michigan was infested by Indians, the mission dissolved itself, the gi'eater number seeking a home on the Thames (La Tranche), near the scene of Proctor's defeat, from which David Zeisherger wrote July 20, 68 HISTDUV 01' TIIK 1794 : " Cajitain I'ike was iiistniotcd by Dc Pctyster, the British Com- mandant at iHitroit, in 1781, to make a bouiili of the Moravians, but they outlived iievsocution." Mormonism, whicli carried od" many from Lambton, Middltisex and adjoinint^ counties into tiie polyLjanious arms of Utah in the sixties, is still represented in the county and city. Tiie Mormon tianjile on Maitland street is the monunmnt which this Chureli lias raised to the zeal of its members. In lS7r) Mormonism was nourishing at Lcmdon, under the administration of Elders I, ev(!rton and Davis In Novem- ber, 1875, a cheeky (Jentile stood up in the Maitland Street (,'hurch and asked Elder Davis, "Did he really believe in the Mormon Bible ?" Of course, the answer was general, and a challenge to discuss the matter came from a dozen of throats. The Salvation Army — sometimes t-alled (Jeneral Booth's Church — is one of tlu! latest additions to religions forms. Only a few years ago the members were biiiletted about or imjaisoned, but tlaar ])erseverance won for them tolerance, and to-day the Army preach and sing in the market ]ilace as well as in their barracks — the nunnbers pleased with their worship and the ])eo]ile amused with it. y.iu (JOUN'J'V OK MIIJULICSKX. C.!> CHAPTEU V. ORGANIZATION 01" I-oNDON DISTRICT. .Inly l(), 1792, Governor Sinicoo dciclarccl the Province to be dividi'il inld ninot(!eii counties, tlic liist bein;; tlie County of Kent, coni))risiu,i,' iiU the country outside tlie boundaries of tin; first niinied eighteen counties, as well as of the Indian lands, extendini,' northward to the boundary line of Hudson Bay, includinj^ all the territory west and south of such line known as Canada, Norfolk, Sullolk and Essex were the nei<^hborin>i counticfs bordering on the river La Tranche, or Thames. The act of 1799, to which royal assent was given Jan. 1, 1800, jn'ovidcd i'or the establishment of eighteen countit's, a mmdjcr of townships and a few rlistricts. Among the counties tlien set oil' was Middlesex, coniinising the Townships of London, Westminstei; Dorchester, Yarmouth, Soutliwold, Dunwich, Aldljorough and Delaware. London District, as then constituted, com])rised the counties of Nor- folk, Oxford and Middlesex, with the country westward of the Home and Niagara districts, southward of Lake lluron, and between them and a line drawn due north from a fixed boundary (where the easter- niost limit of Orford Township intersects the river Thames), until it ari'ives at Lake Huron. The act of April 14, 1821, provided that the Townships of Lobo, ^Mosa, Ekfrid and Caradoc should be attached to Middlesex ; that a gore of land on the east side of Norwich and a gore on the east side of Dorchester be attached to the respective townshiiis, and that the Townships of Zorra and Nissouri be added to Oxford County. At this time the new Townshi])s of Zone, Dawn, Sombra and St. Clair were attached to Kent (Jounty. In 1835 James IngersoU ([ualified at London as Eegistrar of the County of Oxford. The act of 1837, setting oil Oxford County as the District of Brock, reiiuired the Quarter Sessions of London to declare the i)ro- portion of district exjjcnses to be a])portioned to Oxford, jjending the issue of ])roclamation. Brock District was set oft' from London March 4, 1837. The proportion of moneys due the new district by the old for wild land tax, received by the Treasurer of London uj) to December, 1839, when the new district was proclaimed, amounted to £41 16s. 8d. ; but at the settlement of July, 1841, £37 12s. Id. were deducted as the proportion of general expenses incurred by London District. In 1837 the magistrates of the new District of Talbot were author- ized to sell the brick and stone in the old jail and court house at Vittoria, the proceeds to be used in building their new court house and jail. i 1 1 f i i j 70 HISTOUY OF THE In Ajnil, 1839, the question of apportioiiiii}^ the expenses of the CdUiity of Huron was hefitre the court. hi 1854 the town of London was nicorf)orated as a city and di'Lached from the county. The townslii])H of Biiyiiani, Malahide, Soutli Dorchester, Southwold, Aldl)oroui,'li and Yarmouth were detached in 1852 from Middlesex anil formed into tlie County of Elgin. In 1865 McGillivray and Biddulpli were detached from Huron aTid attached to Middlesex, As related in the; history of Bidduljih and McGillivray, hoth town- ships ])etitioned for annexation to Middlesex, and were detached from Huron. With the exo('i)tion of exemi)tion from paying any ]»art of the debenture deht of the county, the townshi])s became at once ])art and parcel of Middlesex, and were first represented in the Council of 18G;{. What changes future years may bring round in the present boundaries of the county cannot be stated A contributor to the Arje, Grand- Pa, writing in Sejjtember, 1871, jiroposed that West Middlesex be set off as a new county. He dealt with general ex])enditures back to 1854, and showed very plaiidy that the western towtiship ])aid much more than a just share of expenses. He also refen-ed to the movement of 1801-2 for the establishment of a registry oflice at Glencoe, and the revival of the question in 1870-1. Quarter Sessimia' C'ourf, JS.J7-.'/2. — The first Quarter Sessions ever held at London was that of Tuesday, January 9, in the seventh year of the reign of George IV. Jo3e])h Kyerson was chairman. In 1828, L. P. Sherwood was Circuit Judge. In July of this year a resident of London was fined £5 " for deceitfully obtaining from Robert Summers one silver watch." In August, 1829, J. B. Ma- caulay was Justice of the King's Bench. In January, 1839, Mahlon liurwell was temporary chairman, witli Peter Tee])le, .John Scatcherd, (/harles Ingersoll, Ira Scofield, Leslie Patterson, Edward Allen Talbot, John Ijostwick, and other justices present Michael McLaughlin, of Westminster, was fined 25 shillings for beating Catherine Southerland. John Matthews, Jr., of Lobo, was fined £2 foi' beating Lawrence Lawrasou, of London, and James V. liyan, of London, was fined 10 .shillings for obtaining deceitfully from Iiobert Caldwell a silver watch. In A])ril, 1829, George Coleman, of Oxford luist, was fined £1 for beating constable .lohn Phelan. Samuel Weir, of Burford, was fined £10 for beating Itapelje Weir, then under ten years. Joseph Lyons, John Davis, Elijah Davis, Clnistopher Williams, Thomas Fortner, all farmers, ajul Cadnueil Moore, blacksmith, all of London, were fined £9 for assaulting James Williams in July 1829. In October, Isaac Waters, of Westminster, ]iaid £1 4s., for beating John Hunt. In January, 1830, Hem'y Reynolds, of Dorchester, ])aid £2 for beating Jesse Beverly. About this time the names of Benj. Willson and John G. Lossee, appear among the magistrates In April, 1830, William B. Lee, of London, an innkeeper, and William Haskett, a it. i-- COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 71 of the ity and itliwoltl, idiUesex ray and X, til town- led from ■ part of lUce part ouncil of present the Afie, rliddlesox vu'es back ship paid ■id to the oflice at r Sessions le seventh lan. this year nin<^ from B. Ma- 9, Mahlon Scatcherd, en Talbot, uii^hUn, of utherland. Lawrence fined 10 ver watch, ed £1 for was fined ph Lyons, ortner, all e fined £9 iber, Isaac lid £2 for tij. Willson Ipril, 1830, iHaskett, a 1 ])aiiit(ir, were Ijoiuismen for Isaac Waters. Jolm Ward, of Mosa, was indicted for assaultinj,' Michael Hurder Joseph Ward, a pensioner, of Mosa, and Geo. Lee, of Ekfrid, were his bondsmen. Tlu! Grand Jury in April, iSoO, comju'ised Walter Chase, Benj. C'hadwiok, Sanuiel Mason, Hnj^h O'Brien, Jacob Zavitz, John T. Doan, Sutnutd Minard, Asa Fordicc, Thomas Sprague, Thomas Hardi- son, John Brazey, Durcoml) Simons, Ira Whitcond) and Lawrence Ddvle. Dining tlie trial of James Meek vs. Duncan Campell, Duncan McKenzie was sworn as interpreter for Malcolm Mclntyre, one of the witnesses. At this time the serious charge against Ira Scofield, Duncan McKenzie and James I'arkinson for conspiracy, to charge George J. Goodhue with forging a note against William Fuller, was made, and they were held in £200 bail. John O'Neil was appointed High Constable. In July, 1830, Henry Cook, innkeeper, of Westminster, paid twenty-five shillings for assaulting Thomas Burns. In the case against Michael Beach, of Oakland, Justus Willcox, of Mosa, and Wm. I'aul, of Yarmouth, were his bondsmeii. The charge of assault, with evil intentions, against Esban Gregory by Mis. ]\Iary Gi'aham, and a similar charge against Shadrack Jones, were entertained. I'haibe and Abigail McNeal were witnesses against Jones, who was found guilty, and sentenced to prison for three months, and to pay costs. In 1831, Levins V. Sherwood presided over the circuit, while the magistrates hitherto named, with J. Parkinson, James Racey, Andrew Dobie and Duncan McKenzie, were active in (.Uiarter Sessions work. In the fall of 1830, Whiting Barnes, of London, was fined five shillings for lieating Edward Green. In January, 1831, Wm. Eldridge, of Mosa, was fined only one .shilling for beating two of the Aldgeo women of that township. Heiny Cook was fined for assaulting Thos. Orr, of Westminster. Gregory Allen, of Delaware, who assaulted lien Myers, was liailed out by Peter Schram, a farmer, and Cliarles Reeves, an innkeeper, both of Westminster. In 1830, A. A. Rapelje, was .still Sherifr. In October, 1830, Heiny White a])pears as a magistrate. At that time tlie sum of £20 per annum was granted to High Constable O'Xeil, and William Pntnian was given £25 on account of labor on the North Branch of the Thames. In JanuiUT, 1831, John Hostwick was chosen Chairman of Quarter Sessions. The other magistrates ])resent being Duncan McKenzie, Henry Warren, Solomon Lossing, Edward A. Talbot, James Mitchell, James Parkinson and Ira Scofield. One of the questions before the Court was the expulsion of John Armitage from a lot of land in London. At this time Stephen and James Howell, Jacob Best, Henry Belts, Adam Miller, Reuben Clark and Wm. Smith wore tried for assault on Isaac Hartwick, but acquitted. Gideon G. Bostwick, Crier of the Court in 1831, was granted an annual salary of £20. 72 lIISTOIiY 1)1' TIIK % ! . i. In A))!'!], 1831, one Ch.arlea Mclntosli, a servant, siieil his master, Duncan McKonzif. This servant, or a]ii>rinitice, lm)U,nht no witnosses, wliilu lii.s jnu.stur lm)Ui,'ht forward IVtsy iMcAtlam, Amy and Lovi Blacknian, Allen and Tiioinas lioutledyu, Daniel Harclay, Sarah McLouj^ldin, and Frec-nniM Itull an witnesses, Tiie Court gave judg- ment against Mcintosh tor X7 I5s. and costs. In .lanuary, 1832, Hiram D. Lee, of London; Nathan Clriflith, of Westminster; Ira Whitcomh, of I'ort Stanley; (rtso. W. Whitehead, of liurford ; James Young and l'hili]i Henry, of Dnnwich ; Jacob McC^uecn, of Southwoid; Wni. I'utnam, of Dorciiester, and Samuel Smith, of Orford, jiaid each £3 and wi-re granted tavern licenses. In January, 183li, Samuel I'ark, of liondon, was a])i)ointed Inspector of Weights and Measures for the district, vice John Harris resigneil. At this time the name of Isaac Dra))er aiipears, and that of John Scatcherd reai)])ears among the magistrates, very few changes lieing made within the ])receding decade. During tlie year 1832, a large number of males and a few female residents took the oath of allegiance. In October, 1833, Eliakim Malcolm's name ajjpears as a magistrate. In Jainiary, 1834, John Lamb, Alex. Murray and F. Shannesson were sentenced to terras of solitary confinement, with bread and water, for larceny. On May 18, 1831, the commission of Coroner was issued to Jonathan Austin, Elam Stinson and David Bowman. The great seal is four inches in diameter and bears the British arms of George IV. In 1834 this commission was reissued. In July, 18.32, only eleven grand jurors remained for duty, the others having fled from London owing to the prevalence of cholera. In this year Dr. Donnelly, a pioneer physician, was stricken by the disease. In January, 1833, the first seals were ordered, one for the Court of Quarter Sessions and one for the District Court. In A])ril, 1834, Mahlon Burwell was elected Chairman of Quarter Sessions i)y the following named magistrates elect : — Joseph B. Clench, Wm. Young, James IngersoU, Peter Carroll, John Scatcherd, Ira Scofield, Thomas Horner, William Robertson, Christopher Beer, John Bostwick, Colin McMilledge, EUakim Malcolm, John G. Lo.ssee, Edward Ermatinger, Thomas Kadcliff, John Philpot Curran, Duncan McKenzie, Philip Graham, Andrew Dobie and John Burw(dl. John B. Askin was still Clerk of the Peace, while A. A. Ea]>alje was Sheritf and V. A. Pia]ialje Deputy. B. B. Brigham was appointed road surveyor for Middlesex County, vice Iloswell Mount deceased. George Moore was then coroner. In October, 1834, Wm. Young was temporary Chairman of Quar- ter Sessions. The names of Thomas liadclilfe and John Boys appear as new magistrates. In January, 1835, Wm. Young was elected Chairman, James IngersoU still being a member of the Court, like <* 1 m (JurNTY OK MIltUI.KSKX. being Quavter Clench, evd, li'ii er, John Lossee, Duncan ,lohu Uje was )[)ointed eceasecL .Tdhn IJostwick, iind th(! name of . Fames C. Ciyslev a])p('ars. Anioiij^ the niajjistrates in Ajiril, 18:5"), the new names of .Fames I5aiwiel<, C '"inel Li{,'lit, Wni. (lonion, Capt. Kobert Johnson, and Edward liidler appear. At tiiis time it was resolved to elect a Chairman wlio would be conversant with law, aiid pay him XiO lor each stission. This oilier was repealed in 1837. In April, 1S3.5, Dr. .James Corbin was fined £10 for practicin<]; medicine illef^ally. In October, 1835, the! names of TIenry Warren, Doyle McKenney, Uenj. Willson, (ieo. W. Whitehead, I'hillip II(nlji;kin.son, Wilson Mills and Lawrence Lawrason apjiear anion^' th»! maj,'istrates. In .January, 1830, Hamilton 11. Killally, .lohn Weir and I'eter Carroll ajipear on the Hench. The (Jraud .Inry of .January, 183(), eomjirised twenty well-known names: — John O'Neil, Foreman; Thomas tlibbons, Jo.shua rutnam, Wm. Niles, I^evi Myrick, Simeon Morrill, .Fohn .Fennin<:;s, Ilichard Smith, Silas E. Curtiss, V. G. Warren, Dennis O'JJrien, Edward Mat- tluiws, Jo.seph L. O'Dell, Albert S. (TDell, Jtol)ert Fennel), Joseph V>. Flannaj^an, Elisha S. livman, Kobeit Souter, II. Van Bu.skivk and Wm. O'Dell. Edward Grattan, ii ])riiiter, of London, in 183G, was held on bonds to give evidence aj,'ainst Thonuis Crojiyn, iiulict(!d for assault. The celebrated motion presented to the Court of Quarter Sessions, July 12, 1836, by Edward Allen Talbot, one of the magistrates, was as follows : — " I protest against the payment of any sum or sums of money being ]iaid to any magistrate acting as Chairman for the iJistrict of I.,ondon, who accepts of any sum or sums of money in lieu of such services, and on the following grounds : — First, I consider it contrary to law; and secondly, I regard it as derogatory to the character of the magistracy of the district, even if they had a law for so doing, to yiay tlieir Chairnuin the jjaltry sum of £40 per annum ; and thereby I reg..rd it as an infringement of the rights of the peojJe for the magistrates to ajjprojiriate .any ])art of the district funds for any purpose whatever, unless authorized by law so to do." In Ai^ril, 1836, the action which gave rise to this motion was the re-election of Wm. Young as Chairman on the following vote : — John Burwell, Harvey Cook, Capt. Dunlop, G. W. Wiiiteliead, Duncan ^NIcKonzie, lloliert Kiddle, John Philpot Curran, Alex. W. Light, Wm. Hentiliny, Henry Hyndman, Wm. Dunlaji, Wm. Ij. Itich, I'liilip (Jraham .and II. li. Hunt for Young, and E. A. Talbot voted contrarv. Mahlon Burwell, then Chairnuxn, while he moveil the re-election of Young, was not called upon to vote. In April, 1837, M.ahlon Burwell was elected Chairman of Ses- sions. Among the magistr Dinyman, William Sage, of VVestminster ; dnlm Holton and J. Wliiteomh, of Port Statdey ; Mrs. Westlake, I'atrick .Mee, (leorge Ivor and Itichard Brennan, of Adelaide; Alexander Ward and John Ward, of Mosa; Abraham Van Norman, of Delaware; Amos AVheider, of Dorchester; Archibald Miller and -lonathan Miller, of Ekfrid. On April 11, 1.S38, a tavern license was granted to WilliaTu Balkwill on jiaynieiit of £7 10s. Od. At this time John McDonald, a grocer, of TiOndon, was before the Court. Patrick Deveney was licensed to keep an inn at Loudon ill ISliO. Ill January, 183!), the following named newly-elected magistrates were present: — John Douglas, John G. Bridges, John Jackson, John Burne, Richard Welti), John Arnold, W. F. Gooding, Peter Carroll, Alex. Sinclair, Henry Carroll, Philip Hodgkinson. In April, 183',», the following tavern licenses were issued : — Gideon Bostwick, of Westminster ; Win. Marvin, of Dorchester ; Geo. J. Smith, of Ekfrid ; Sam. Sewell, of Adelaide; James Fisher, of Caradoc ; Anson Strong, of London Town. In April, 1839, the jietitioii of John Jiurwell was reported unfavorably by H. llyndmaii. Chairman of Committee. Ill October, 1840, Charles Prior appears among the magistrates; J. B. Clench being Chairman. In 1841, Thomas Croiiyn was a magis- trate, and Adam Hope in 1842. In 1843, Henry Allen was Chairman (commonly known as Judge), while Alexander Strathy, Geo. J. Good- hue, Simeon Morrill and Hugh Carmichael, are among the magistrates. In 1845 the name of Alexander Anderson ap])ears. County Council, 18^2-88. — The Councillors of London District in 1842 are named as follows : — Lawrence Lawrason and John Geary, of London ; Andrew Moore and John Burwell, of Bayham ; Daniel Abel and James Brown, of Malahide ; Thomas Hutchison and John Oil, of Yarmouth ; George Elliot and Levi Fowler, of Southwold ; Thomas Coyne, of Duiiwich ; Thomas Duncan, of Aldborough ; William Niles, COUNTY OK MIDUI.KSF.X. 75 icil as ilul). (lien of eniuicu uvwcU, risdalc, an and [. r.aii, :o kcei> , aiitl ill Talbot, I Homy Tliomas liir^inan, -oiuli, of Uicliard ,f Mosa; vchosU'V ; 1.1, 1S38, y-ineiit of ulou, was an inn at agistratcs ;on, -lohn r Carroll, •il. V83',t, wick, of f Kkfriil; 1 Stvon;j;, well was rates ; J • I uiagis- ;hairuian J. Good- noistrates. )istrict in Geary, of Iniel Abel Bin Oil, of Thomas lam Niles, of Dorohcster ; .lohn I ). Andrrson, of Mosa ; John I'a' ker, of Caradoc ; Francis Kin^' Carey, of l)cilaware; Aichihald Milltsr, of Kkfrid ; Isaac Camplii'll and Hiram Crawford, of Westminster; John Kdwards, of Lobo; and J(thn 8. lUichanan, of Adelaide. A statement jtresented to this Council for January 1, 1842, siiows the liabilities of ihe dislrii-t to bo £1,405 ;{s. (Id., and the assets to bo .£;rjL' llis. tid. W. W. Street and Daniel Harvey bein-,' auditors. ])aniel Abel, Chairman of a committee on law books and Jail and ciourt house ])ro|ierty, reported twenty volumes in the library, with the jail, debtors' room and county otlices ]ilainly but fully furnisiied. The return of lands, under jiatenl, in the Pislrict sIkjw 0.'>8,'JI4i acres valued at X2,tJt)2 2s. lOid. On Feb. 11, 1842, John Wilson, then Warden, sii,'ned a .letition, "To the (^^iict^n's Most Kxcellent Majesty," congratulating her "on tiie birth of a jirinco and heir aii])arent to the throne of that niiyhty empire." On Au<^u.st 9, 1842, Wm. Niles, Chairman of a Comniittec to enquire into receipts and ex])enditures of the odice of Clerk of the Peace for the years 18.')8 to 1841, rejiortod a draft of a communicfition from the Council to llie magistrates in session for their consideration. This com- munication was brought before the ma^'istnites, who (Uiclim d to con- sider it, and tliis refusal was lollowod by other jHititions A)r redress to the (lovernor-Ceneral. The petition to Governor-General Jia;,'ot, of August 10, 1842, .set f()iiil Ciiuiicillnr froii. tin; tdwiisliiii ; liolii-rt Adiiiii.soM, of Lolto, vicr .Iiiliii ImIwmiiIs; TIioiiium ISiity, of W't'slmiiiHttT, vlci- II. (Jniwlnrd ; Wilson Mills, of ('iiriuloc, ,v'(r .loliii riirkcr, with K. W. Brciiiioii, of till! new Towiisliip of Motculfo, iind l)(»iiidtl Mclntosii, of the iii'W Township of VVilliuina. Ill Dim i'iiiImt, is I"), tiivciii licenses Were issued to Williiini Smith, .lolin N'ellis, Wiiliiini McKeiin, Willimn Tiiinks aiul \\'illi;iin (lain, of London Township ; Schnbid Nicol, Isaiic Molt, Peter Mot ire^or, Henry I'ldnier iind Williiini Mood, of Westminster; W. V. JJnlleii, of Delaware!; Thomas and (lior;,'e I'litiiani, anrc : IJenjamin Cutler, the first Secon;! Councillor, from Loho ; Andrew McCausland re]ilaced lirown, of Malahide ; Leonidas I'.urwidl rcplaoeil Graham, of Bayham ; Thomas Duncan, of Aldlioroiijj;h, took Kirk- jialrick's place, aiut dosejih Sittoii, of iiondon, occiipieil tlu! chair su loll",' hekl by L. Lawrason. In December, 1840, licenses were issued as follows, exclusive of the renewals of those issuc^d in 1845 :— Jolin Stoiu!, Loli(» ; W. A. Warren, Didaware ; Wm. Itobinsoii, .John H. Voun^', Kolaiid Uobinson, .John Scott, .lonas W. (Jarrison, .John McDuwall, Kinlay McFee, Wm. Harris, Thomas lliscox, .lohn Smith, Alex. Forbes, Martin Rickard, .lolin .Matthews, INiter IJurke, Charles Lindsay, Robert Carfrae, liichard (.h'over, .lohn Walsh, Sol Sclienick, Wm. liurne, Paul & I'ennett, .John O'Xcil, Thomas lieckett, I'etiir McCann, of London; .lamtis Fisher, of Caradoc; Henry Rawlins, of Delaware; Charles I'atton, of Adelaide; Leonard llisbee, at plank road junction, toward St. Thomas; .John U'Dell, Westminster; Arch. Miller, Fkfrid. The ch.anges in the Council of 1847 from 184(1 were Jacob Cline, vice McGregor, of J)orchester; Wm. Neal, via' Anderson, of Mo.sa; L. Lawrason, vice (jeary, of l.,ondon; Ratulolph .Jobn.stoue, vice Wilson, of Yarmouth; Levi Fowler, v/w Eccles, of Soutliwold, and James McKirdy, first .second councillor from Caradoc. The Council of 1848 was made u]) of the following members, the Reeves beiii" named in the first column : — y Al(ll)oroiigli D. Mi'DiurmiJ London.... .loseph Sifton.. L. Lawrason Ailulaido . . .las. .Murray Malaliide . . A. McCausland Daniel Abel IJayham . . Leon. iJurwell. Jno. Hurwoll Metcalfe... 11. \V. itioiman Caradoc Fas. McKirdy. John I'arker Mosa Win. Neal A.D.Ward Delaware . Uioliard Webb Soutliwold. Colin Munroe.. Levi Fowler Dorchester. Win. Nilcs.., Jacob Cline Westinins'r Isaac Campbell Cal'n Hurch Dunwich . . Thos. G. C'oyno Williams . Don. Mcintosh Kkfrid .... Arch. .Miller Yarmouth., Alex. Love . . . K.Johnstono Lobo Kobt. Adainson Ben. Cutler (, , .1 COUNT V ol MII>I»I,K8K.\. 77 Kol)iiison, i'w, Win. lickavtl, liicluii'tl lett, .John islicv, of (U'liiide ; .lohn libers, the i. D. Ward Levi Fowler Cal'n Hurch „, Johnstone Tlio duinj,'o.s ill 1849 were, Patrirk Mee ami .1. A. Scoone electnil I'm- Ailclaiilt' ; Dr. E. Daiicfy v'icr McCaiisliuid, for Malaliidc ; John Mcllride, for AldhoiniiHli ; St. .Inlin Skinner virr L, iJurwell, furliay- liain, aiul Malcohn McAlpin vhr. Miller, for KklVid. in Dcecinlicr, 1S47, tavern liwiises were i,'rant('d to Tunis Swarts, .Idlm .Maltliews, .lerry H. dovce, Kdwanl Staidcy, M. S. Siiiitli, Jame.s I'a;;^', Wni, Hlackwcdl, llopkins iV Alicll, I'.cn llii,'j,'iii.s, Charle.s B. Ii'iidd, Tlioiiia.s O'Mara, .lames Manoii, Ale.\. Forhe.s, Mauric(! Kehty, Itiilien VVyatt or VVyall. On Feliruiiry '.), 1M40, ('hainiiaii Mnnro, of tli(( Coininittetf on Schools, |iresented a lengthy re])ort su<,'j^estiii^ ehaii<,'oa in old distriets, and recoil! niending the eslahlishnieiit of new ones throu^'liout the nistriel. Win. W. Street and John McKay, auditors of the Di.strict, rejiorted Octdlierl), 184'», that Col. Tall)ot, fhos. C. Streiit and a few others, lefu-ied to ])ay tax on Iheir wild laiuls, and su<^;.'e.sted an ainioahh! suit at law to test the lef»ali(y of the hy-law iniposini,' .such tax. In March, 1S4'J, .lolm I'.. Askin, Clerk of the District Court, wrote to .1. Leslie, Secretary to the (iovernor, statiiij^ that in coiise(iuence of the ])osition assumed by .John Harris and .John S. llnchanaii, each elaiiuinj,' to be legally elected Treiisurer of the Di.strict by the District Council in Octolter, 184lj, "the oflices are ]iainfully situated." At the date of writing -fohn Harris held the ofVice, but the claims of Ihicliauan were then being jiieseiited to tlu; Court of Queen's lieiich. it apiiears that Harris was a]i|)oiuled by the tioverniuent ; but, under the new luunicijial law, the magistrates thought they had the right of a}>]ii>intnient. The Council of 1850 ])re.seiits eleven new names :— Sylvester Cook anil L. Burwell, vice Skiinier and .T, Burwell, for JJayham ; Col. Dixon, for Caradoc ; dohn Clark, for Dunwich ; Doualil McFarlane, lor Ekfrid ; Freeman Talbot and Wni. McMillan, for Lonilon Township; Murray Anderson and Uenj Nash, for the new town of London ; F. H. Wright, vice Abel, for Malahide ; Itichard Fiaid<, vice Burch, for Westminster; Donald Fraser, for Williams. In 1S.")1 Messrs. Adam- sou, An«lerson, A '1 worth, Lurwidl, ( lark, Craig, Dixon, Douglas, K. .lohn.ston. Locker, Mee, McMillan, Mcliride, Moyle, Eae, Itobsoii, Shi])luy, Geo. Smith (Ekfrid), Thomson, Wilks, Wilh^y, Willson, Frank, Harker and H. .iohnstone formed the Council, William Niles being ve-elected Warden. In May, 1851, It. Frank, Chairman of the Com- laittee on Clergy Ke.serves, recommended that in view of the sale of such reserves by the Frovince, the Legislature be petitioned to appro- jiiiate jiroceeds for the uses of general education. During the yeara just laeceding and in this year the (luestion of cou.structing gravel or toll roads throughout the county occupied much attention ; but as the subject is transferred to the cliajtter on roads and bridges, the doings of the Council in the matter bear ouly this I'ufereuce here. (■ ;i 7S HISTOliY ()!■■ TIIK I: : IP iv m i; 5. 1 A comniittoe, of wliich Fieciaiui Talbot was ohuirniiiii, rc^portL'd May 16, 1850, in fuvor of iunendiii},' the muiiiciiial aiul otlier acts, so far aa thoy all'ect tho liberties or intcvcsts of the county. Aiuoiif; tlu^ recoinmeiidation.s was one relatinj^ to Coroner, as follows: — "Your conimittoe think proper to draw your attention to the inij)ro])riety of holdinj,' a (Coroner's inciuest in all oiises of sudden death, and would therefore suLt.uest the necessity of an itninediate alteration of the system, it being uiuiecessarily expensive and revolting to the better feelings of humanity." L. IJurwell, chairman of a committee on the division of the county, reported as follows, M';y 7, LS.'i I :—" Understanding that the Government intend, during the ensuing session, to introduce a bill for the ])urpose of dividing the larger counties, your committee have given attention to that ]ioition referring to Midillesex. Your connnittee are of the opinion that the division line iiro])osed, ruiniing east and west, embracing the six frontier townsliijjs, ami ])orlions of DelawaTe, West- minster and Dorchester, will be (>pposed by a majority of the inhabitants of this county, and that a division for other tlian electoral ])urj)oses is unnecessary; and that for electoral ))urposes the line should run nortii and south, embracing Dunwich, Aldliorougli, Mosa, Pjkfrid, Caradoc, Metcalfe, Lobo, Adelaide and Williams, as the new county, and that the same be called the County of Elgin. This committee further reported in favor of giving Bayham to Oxford County in lieu of a ])ortion of Nissouri to be attached to Middlesex. Tho Council of 1852 was composed as tollows: — London Town M. Aiidorsoii, Win. I'.arker.. As from the Middlesex md Thomas nry Collins, lister; Win. aid Fraser. md Weaver, outh; Levi and John McCready, Vienna. In Imes for the .ondon ; Eli i53; Robert n McKellar, Lobo ; S. M. Fowle, Delaware; J. Sparling;, Mosa ; Loui.s Mott was the first .Second (,'ouncillor from Williams; Hiram Ih'.U replaced I'e^ley, -if Adelaide, while .lohn Suatoherd, then Warden, rt;])rt.',sented Nissouri W. This Council of 1854 repre.sented Middle.se.v ex- clusively. In ."September, J 8 •":;, Councillors Clincli and McClary moved that the Warden call a <,'eneral nieetinj,' to consider the by-law <,'ranting aid to the Tort Stanley Railroad. In November, LS'to, Councillor Kirkpatrici< moved to approjn-iate £100 to carry out the ceremony of o])eni.)L; tlio U. W. Railroad. On September 2o, ISoo, Uy-law 22, authorizint» the i.ssue of .£20,00(^ debentures for the im])rovement of roads, was jiassed. Tliomas .Movie, Chairman of the Finance Committee, in bis report (d' danuary 27, 1854, suj;^'e,sted the advert i.^^ement of a by-law for raising £25,001^ for stock in the Lontlon and Tort Staidey Railroad. The Railroad Committee of the Council, reporting in May, 1854, through lloh.-roft Church, favored the purchase of tlie Ontario and Erie Railroad and of two steamers, .so as to prevent tlu; building of a southern line, and tluis build up the stock of tlm Crcat Western Raili'oad, in whicli thi^ county was interesteil. The ((uestion of consolidating tlis (Ircat Western road with the Grand Trunk road was decried, the Committee! stating i>lainly that such a deal woidd create a moncpoly ,!| and should not be entertained. In Decend)er, 1854, a memorial to Samuel Laing, f the English stockholders in tiie O. VV. Railroad, .set forth the pleasiu't; which the completion of the road, nearly twelve months before, gave the jieople of Middlesex, and the pain which numerous accidents, delays in shipment of freight, anil other failures, cau.sed since the opening of the road; asked the co-operation of the r>rili'\ stockholders in obtaining a msw management. The accident •,. lit l')ai)tiste Creek in 1854 caused the death of more than fifty per- % sous, and many more maimed for life. In Decembijr, 1855, the city and county arbitration meeting was ,; held, Thomas Moyle rei)resenting the county, Wm. I'arker the city, ? with Thomas Shenston, of Woodstock, the third arl)itrator. Tiie result i of this method of settling disagreenu!nts is given in the history of ^i London City. m The Council of 1855 comprisi^d William Fitzgerald and William -^ Shoebottom, of London; Richanl Frank and l>enjamin (.'ook, of West- 3| minster; Geo. S. Rogers, of IJelaware; Hugh Carmichael, of Lobo; H. Clir.ch and Arch. (Jampbell, of Caradoc ; .lohn Mclntyre, of Ekfrid ; Donald Waters and Hugh Fraser, of Williams ; Henry R. Archer, of Mosa ; William Miller, of Adehiide ; William Mojre, of Nis.souri West ; Thomas Moyle, of Metcalfe ; Robert Craik and Donald McFarlane, of Dorchester North. In January, 1856, Councilmen Keefer, Bateman, Hunter, Rogers, Craik, Cartwright, ^Iclntyre, Fitzgerald, O'Neil, Moyle, Archer, Edwiirds, Woodwai-d, liurch, Cook, Waters, Fraser, and Moore qualified. 80 HISTOKY OF THE The Council of IS;")?, wiisiiuidi' up as follows: Kobort Adiunson, .Folm Biitoniaii, KoluM't (Jaik, lU'iiiamiii Cook, Thomas Ciuldy, IIni,'h Frascr, .laiiu's (Jardiner, Daviil Ilmitcr, William Mooiv, Thomas Moylo, William McKinicy, William M(^Millaii, .lolm Mc-liityrc, \Vm. Shoeliottom, IJ. M Varuam. Donald Walcis and Jacoli Wcylor. lloht. Craiic was oU'cted Warden. The Ii'eevos and l)t!|iuty-lu'(!V('s ol' iSoH is given hy Townships: — Ailiilaido. . TlioiiiHs Ciiilily, .las. Ivoefor, Cara,iloi' Arcli. Camiiboll, I. 1>. IturwfU D.'lawnre'.. .lai'ob Weylor Donla'ster.. K. .\1. Vairiiim, li. V.DiMiiaray Kkfiid joliii M:'Iiityie r,olio Kobt. Ailaiiisoii, John I'Mwanls LdikIoii. . . . \V. Slioebottoiii. U.H. O'Neil. Mot(^alfi'. ... ThoiiiaH .\Ioyle Mo.sa t'liaibfH Itoll.s. . . T. liobinson. Ni.ssoiiri W. K. Viiiini; WeatinVtr.. liuiij. Co'ik John Ni,\on. Williaiii.s lohii To|iiiiij^'. , A. Kllint The nuinicipal election for 1859 returned to the Council R. V. Tooth, Ueeve, and William Thorpe, Dejiuty, from Adelaide; John jMcDougal vice Kdwards, of I.obo ; .lohn ^larshall via' Varnum, of 1 )orche.ster ; Thomas Ifus^hes cicc Moyle, of Metcalfe; IJ. II. O'Neil and C. (Joombs, of Loudon; Charles .Scott. Deputy, of Nis.souri ; Malcolm (,'ampbell vicr Mclntyn^, of Ekfrid ; Alex. Levie, of Wil- liams, rice To])]iin,u;; Neil Munro, of Mu.sa, ifire JJolls, with Charles Armstronii; vice Koljinsou. In the other cases, the old members were re-elected. The members of the Council ol' ISiiO were M. S. Ayers, Ale.\. Levie, -John H. Munroe, W. K. Viniiii,', Robert Dreanev, .lohn Irvine, R. H. O'Neil, Thomas llu.ghes, J. Weylor, .M. Cami>bell, Wm. Wells, of Williams K., Arch. Campbell R. P. Tooth with .lames Keefer, Reeve of Strathroy, Reeves, and Alex, Kerr, -lames (jardiner, Charles Scott, .Tohn McArtliur, \V. R. Thorpe, Wni. ]Mcl'ee, Arthur Seabrook and ('. Coombs, De])Uty- Reeves. Archibald Campbell was elected Waiden and re-elected in 18G1 and also in ISGli. On .Ian. 2t\, 1861, a letter from the Clerk of l'.idduli)h, relatin<^ to ruiniing trains on the Sabbath, was read, and imm(!diately Councillors D. Waters and .[. Levie niovi^d and seconded a resolution that the Council petition the Dominion Parliament to amend (.'hapter 104 of the Consolidated Statutes of Upper Canada, so as to prevent the runnin;^ of trains on Sunday. The Council of 18GI comjirLsed Neil Munro, Ueeve, and .lohn II. Munroe, De])uty, of Mosa ; A. Campbell and I. 15. lUirwell, of Caradoc: Wm. lia])lev, of Htrathroy ; Alexander Levie, of Williams W. ; William Wells, of Williams H. : Tlumias Hughes, of Metcalfe : Robert Dreaney and James Ciaig. of Dorchestm' ; Thomas (.'urdy, of Adelaide; M. 8. Ayers and A. Kerr, of Westminster; .M.Campbell, of Ekfiid ; W. R. Vining and Charles Scott, of North Nissouri ; John McDorgal and L. K. Shipley, of Lobo The Council of 18G2 was made U]) as follows: — Adelaide, Wm. M unlock; Caradoc, A. Campbel' and .lohn Thompson; Delaware, Thomas I'everidge; Dorchester, V\ m. McKee and R. Dreaney; Ekfrid, •■i.Vi.,ii-, CotiNTY OK MIDOI.KSKX. 81 liunsoii, Thomas IV. Win. llobl. ships : — I',, liiirwi'll i'.DcMiiariiy in I'MwanU Klliot. iicil 11. !'• (U,; .lohii 'iinnnn, of II. O'Nt il ie, of Wil- th ChavU's ahovs wtn'o yevs, Ah'X. ohn Ivviiu', ,Vm.\VoUs, liu'S Keei'fV, lev, t.'havh'S ir Si'abvook ,va3 elccti'd velatiii!:; to Councillors Ion (hat the japtiiv 104 of i^ivevent thi' imd JohnU I'.uvwell, of I of WiUianis Jof Metcalfe; las (,'nnly, ol U. Campbell. Issouvi; John llelaido, Wm. Delawaiv, incy ; Ekfrid, Malcolm Caniiihcll; Lobo, Jolm McAilhur and 1\. Adani.snn ; London, Hamilton lliiidap and C. ('. Coomb.s ; Metcalfe, Tliomas Hu<,'hes ; Mosa, J. H. Miini'oe and Nathaniel Currie; Nissouri, .lames Evans and Moses Wilson; Williams W., Alex, Levie ; Williams K, A. C. Stewart; Westminster, Merrill .S. Ayers and John Nixon, and Stratli- roy, Wni. Ka]iley. In 18Go the memlKtrs of (he Council were ^le.-^srs Ayers, Bale- man, Dreaney, i)nn]ap, llui,'hes, L(!vie, Moore, N. MniU'o, Melntyre, McArthur, O'Neil, llajilry. Smith, Stewart and Weylor, Reeves ; with .fames J*>anniMt,', Coomlis, Dohie, Evans, Eauld.-*, Jlodj^'ins, McDou<;al, ]\IcKoe, Nixon and llohinson, l)e])uties. (?. C. Coombs was elected Warden. At this si'ssion iliddulph and Mctiillivray were represented, the first by Smith and llobinson, the .second by O'Neil and llodijins. Tlio act relatint:! 'o the admission of th(! rown.ships of IMdduljih and McGillivray contains the folhiwing ]>ara,i^ra]ih : — " Neither of the said towriships shall be liablt; for any debt contrac'i'd by tlu; County of Middlesex for the constructing or gravelling; of n/nls outside of the said townships, or which may at any time within tlie ni'xt twcMity-one years be constructed by such county for the ])urpuse aforesaid." The Council of 1864 comprised tlui following members : — Ailelaido T. CuiMy Metcalfe ... T. Movie IJiddulph ... R. H. O'Xeil. Tim. Toohey. .Mosa I. H. .Miiiiroe A. Armstrong Carciloc . . . . T. Nortlicott J. Thompson McOillivray. not recorded Delaware I. Weylor... Ni.s.souri I. Evans.... M. Wilson... Dorchester.. K. Dreaney. . W. Thomi)8on Strathroy . . W. Ilaiiley Kkfrid I. Mclntyre.. .1. D. Corneil Westminster Jl. S. Ayers. . Abel Cooper.. Lolm .1. McArthur. L. Shipley. . . Williams K.. not recorded Fiondon If. Dunlap.. T. Hontledge. Williams W. K. Mclntyre The (Council of 1865 comjirised the following member.s:— Wm. Miller, Reeve, and .lohn Ivor, l)e])uty, of Adelaide; K. II. 0'N(;il and .Fohn McFalls, of lliddulph; .lohu IJateman and Alex, (.'ampbell, of Caradoc; Colin Cam]>bell, of Delaware; llobert iJreaney and Wrn. Thorn] ison, of Dorchestei'; John Mclntyre and I). Taylor, of Ekfrid; .iohn McArthur and .John Scott, of Lobo; Thonuxs Koulledge and W. H. Ityau, of London; Thomas Moyle, of Metcalfe; .Iohn H. Munroe and Nathaniel Currie, of Mosa; .Tames S. Snuth and Andrew Robinson, of McCillivray ; .fames Evans and Moses Wilson, of Ni.ssouri; Wm. Rajiley, of Strathroy ; ]\f. S. Ay(!rs and .fohn Nixon, of Westmin.sl(!r; .Iohn Levie and Alex. Stewarl, of Williams E., and E. R. Dobie, of VVilliams W. .Tolin H. Munroe was elected Warden. The report (jf the Finance (Jommittec; made in December, 186.5, points out an item of .^2,970.10 jiaid during the year, for building and furnishing the County Clerk's and other offices, and the Council Chamber. T(iwN.siiii'.s. Ri'.KVEs 1S66. Dei'utfks— l.Stif). Reeves— 1867. Di:i>nTiEs— 1S67 Adelaide W. .Mmdock . . Wm. Miller Tohn Ivor L. Cleverdon. P.idihilph R. H. ONeil.. Cha.s. Gowaii . . . . R.H. O'Neil.. Thos. Hodgin.s. Caradoc Iohn Hateman. .I.Thompson I.Thompson.. ,1. 1$. Hurwell. 82 HISTOItY OK THK Townships. Rkkvrh— 1866. DKi'UTiis.s~18ti«. Rkkvks— 1807. Dei'utibh— 1867. Delaware .... Colin Campbell M. JohiiHoii . . . Uorchenter N. R. Dreaiiey. .. R. Toolcy K. Dreaiioy — Kkfrid .\I. Caiiij)lwll. . . Lobo t,. K. Shipley.. n. I)i)l)iu . il. Mc Arthur.. . M. Campbell D. .Mi-Arthur.. iunduii.. . T. l!outlc'lied on the imjirovement of roads and bridges in tlie vicinity of such lands. in 18G8, lioger Hedley was Keeve of Lobo; Thomas Novthcott, Deputy of Caradoc. Geo. Kobson and .John Keai'ns replaced Uell and Shocbottom, of London. John Waterworth, lleeve of Mosa, with D. Mclntyre, Deputy ; Wm. Wright, Dejnity Eeeve of McGillivray ; W. Ji. Vining, Keeve of Nissouri, with A. W. Browne, Dei)uty; James D. Dewan was Reeve of Strathroy ; John Waters, of Williams E., with John Levie, De])Uty ; while William Neal was Keeve of the lunv Town of Wardsville. The Treasin'er's oflice was robbed on the night of Eel). 8, 1808. On ^L^.rch .31 the Council (ixoncrated Treasurer Murray, as the loss, it'ly'ZO'^.To. had been trebly saved to the county previously by his e.v- cellent silver deal. The Council of 1869 was made up as follows — the Jteeve atid Deputy Keeve being named in the abovi; order of townshijis : — Lawrence Cleverdon and John Wyley ; K. H. O'Ninl and .lohn Hodgins ; Thomas Xorthcott and Tliomas Eaulds : lleiirv .lohnson, no deputy; L'ichard Tooley and James I!. Lane; Hector McFarlane and George E. Elliott ; Malcolm McArthur and Alex McKellar ; Thomas Routlodge with Deputy Reeves Thomas Langford, Edward Hobin.son, John Kearns and William IL Kyan : Robert Brown and George Liimun; John Watterworth and Alex. Armstrong; John Corbett and I *i. ;v COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 8S w-1867. ley. iipbell. Arthur. Bell . .oeliottoiu. )inson. iglbrtl. Munroe. biuson. , Browne. C. Stewart. ,rd I'eck. . Burcli. .iiilerson. ^ni. Glas3, er;O.W. 1^ .Tanitur. iverimient, itates; l>ut (111. Sul)- :iive to eiu- [ids, for tlu' \ voads and North cott, I'.ell and with 1). ivray ; W. James 1'. Iius E., with the luiw ,1808. On the loss, \iy his o.K- Ueeve and wnshilis :— and .lohn lohnson, no Karlane and 111 ; Thomas .(\ Uoliinson, ;,iid George ("orbett and sa, William Wright ; Alex. W. Urowne and K. W. Ciftin ; James D. Dewan and John Frank ; John Waters and John Levio ; Simon McLeod and John Dawson; John Nixon with William McKerlie aul Henry Anderson, IK^piities of Westmiiistor, and William Veal, of Wardsvillo. Tlie Conncil of 1870 comprised 17 Reeves and 19 Deputy-Reeves. The roll in the order of townships is as follows : — William Murdock and .John Wyley ; R. H. O'Neil and John Hodgins ; Thomas Northcott and (Jodficy McGugan; Thomas H. Brottle, no deputy; Richard Tooley and -Tames U. Lane; H. McFarlane and G. J. Coulthard ; A. McKellar and Alex. Gray ; W. H. Ryan with Dejmties James Bell, .lohn Kearns, .lohn Jackson and F.Lewis; Robert Rrown, of Metcalfe, and Arch. Munroe; Jolm Watterworlh and David Gibb ; William Wright and John Rosser ; A. W. Brownisand R. W. Giflin ; James D. Dowan and J. Wilson ; John Waters and John Leviti ; Simon McLeod and John Dawson ; John Nixon with John S. Little and Eli S, Jarvis ; Hi'ury Hendorson, of Wardsvilk'. The (^lianges in the County Council of 1871 were as follows: — Arthur Si-abrook, o lalified as Reeve of Delaware ; Robert Dreaney, of Dorchester N. ; A. Mclntyre, as Deputy of Ekfrid, I'ice Coulthard; L E. Shijiley, t'it'c Gray, of Lobo; Wm. Kernohan and Wm. Shoe- 1)ott'^m, Dejiuties of London, vice Jackson and Lewis ; A. Armstrong, vice D. Git)b; John Corbett and Andrew Erskine, of McGillivray; A. W. Browne and Wm. Alooro ; Josejih Wilson and C. G. Scott, representing Strathroy ; Tlionias Elliott, vice Jolm Dawson, Deputy of Williams West, and Malcolm G. Munroe, Reeve of Wardsville. The other townshi])S holding their rei)rcsentatives of 1870. The changes in the Council of 1871 for 1872 show John Hodgins, Reeve, and John Dagg, Deputy of BidduljJi ; W. H. Niles, Deputy of Dorchester ; C. J. Campbell, of Ekfrid ; Wm. Shoebottom, Reeve, with S. T. Shoebottom, jr., Wm. Patrick, Wm. Kernohan and Thomas Greene, Deputies of London; R H. O'Neil, Reeve of Lucnn ; R. Brown, Reeve, ant) R. Moyle, Deputy of Metcalfe; J. S. Walker and James Banning, of Mosa; J. B. Frain, Deputy of Nissouri W. ; Alex. Robb, Reeve of Strathroy; Thomas Elliott, Reeve, and D. Brock, Deputy of West Williams; James Armstrong, Reeve of Westmin.ster, und S. McLeod, of Parkhill. Messrs. Murdock, Northcott, Seabrooke, Dreaney, IMcFarlane, McKellar, Corbett, Brown, Waters and Munroe, Iteeves, with Wyl(>y, McGugan, ShijJey, l*>skine, Scott, Levie, Little •and Jarvis, Deputies, holding over. The County Council of 187o and 1874 comprised the following representatives : — TowNsiiir. Ueevks. DkI'UTIKS. Adelaide .lohn Morgan lohn Wylcy. Biddiilph John Hodgins lohu Dagg. Caradoc O. McGugan Andrew MoEvoy. Delaware T. C. Roagcrs u f I 1 H( 84 TOWNSHII'! lUHToliY CK THE Kkkvkn. DeI'UTIES. I torchestor, N Robert Preaiicy Uicliard VcnniiiR. Kktrid lIcL'tor Mcl-'arliiiie C. .1. Ciiiimlicll. j \V. .Sliocl)otlciiii, jr.. London W. Shoobottoni, sr T. (ircciic, .1. M. 0'N«iI, I W. KiTiioliaii. I.u.an K. H. O'Noil Muliillivray Aiuliew Kr.skiiie J. Marr, J. Koliiiisoii. Mctcalfc!. . SaiiioaHlS72 Mosa li. Watturwoi'th A. Aniintroiig. \wsouri, W A. W. lirownti Jamos Mi'Leod. Xcwliury 'riioiiias Kdliinson I'arkliill Wm. Slioiilts Stratliroy Alex. RoliU ... Tlioiiias Kawcett. Williams. K loliii Wiiter.s 1). C. Mclntyre. WillianiH. W Andrew KUiott David lirock. Wardsville M. (1. Miinroe We.stniinster lames Armstrong,' K. S. Jarvi.s, J. Me(!ref;or. ToWNSIIII'. Rkeve.« -ICT^. Dii'ivriKs- lS7t. Adelaide lolin Morgan Folin Wyley. liiddnlph John Hodgins lolin Dajjg. Caradoe Andrew iMeKvoy Kli Grillitli. Delaware V, V. Roj^ors Dorchoater, N . lames li. Ijane . W II. Niles. Kkfrid Oeo. J. Conlthard I. \\'. Camiiliell. J , -ri ij »i 1 ( Wm. Kernohan, J. O'Neil, I"""l°n T'""""''* lioi'tl^-'lg" ],]. Peter-s, C. W. Sifton. liUcan Thomas Dight Lobo Alex. McKell .L. E. Shipley. Metcalfe Robert lirown Thomas Lightfoot. Mosa. . Hon. Watterwoi . >i Alo.x. Armstronj;. McGillivray Andrew Kr.skine James Marr, J. Robinson. Nissouri, Vt' A. \V. Browne Jamos MeLeod. Newbury Wm. Clements I'arkhill Simon .McUod Strathroy Charles Murray Alex. Robb. Williams, K John Waters . . .John Levie. Williams, W Andrew Klliott Wardsville W. D. Hammond Westminster James Armstrong K. S. .larvis, J. McGregor. Lionel K. Sliipley was elocted Warden, succeeded in 1875 by Jolm Waters. In 1875 (Hll)ert Hanis was elected Reeve of Delaware; Geo. C. Elliot, of Ekfiid ; John M. U'Neil, of London; .John Corbett, oi' Mr- (lillivray; William lia})ley, of Stratliroy; E. It. Dobie, of Williams W., Thomas En^dish, of Wai'dsville ; John W. Campbell, of the new town of Glencoe ; A. M. Koss, of the new town of London East ; .) . 1). Saunby, of tlie new town of Petersville, and Skackelton Hay, ot the new town of Ailsa Craig. The Deputies were James Cilmour, of Dorchester; H. Stevenson, Ekfrid; A. D. Osborne, C. Guest, C. W. Sifton and John Teteis, London; J. W. Rosser and Wm. Dixon, of AIcGillivray ; G. W. Keast, of Nissouri ; Chester G. Scott, of Strathroy ; J. Mathers, with McGregor, of Westminster, and Peter Allister, of London East. In the other townships the Reeves and Dejiuties of 1874 were returned. J_ cnl'NTV i)V MllHiMISKX. Neil. [iiegor. 187». J. O'NhI, Siftoii. tbiimon. foGregor. '5 by John \v. ; Ooo. C. |ett, of Mc- Williains lof the new ji East ; .) . ton Hay, ot Stevenson, |)hn Peters, jty; G. W (ithers, with East. In re returned. The Ticoves of tlic ('(Hiiicil of IMTt) were:- .lolm Mor;,'iiii, .lolm Hoi]j,'iiis, A. M McKvdV, .Andrew Sliar|ie, .T. 15. I.aiu', (ieo. C. Elliott, J. M. O'Neil, A. McK.'lhir, Ji P.rowii, 15. WtiUerwovtli, .lolin Cori.ett, J. 15. Fvaiii, of We.stiiiin.Ktcr ; .lolm I.evie, East Williams; Tlionias Elliott, We.sl Williiiiu.- ; Win. Kiiiley, Sdalln'oy ; Thomas En<,'lish, Wardsville ; Tlwinias lioliinson, Newlmry: Tlinmas l)i,i;hl, I.ueun ; W. Shoult.s, I'arkhill; .1. W. Camiihell, (Henttoe; Mnrniy Aii(ler,s(iii, London East ; .1. I). .Sannhy, Petersville, and J. 11. I'riestly, .Ailsi Craiji. The l.V']inty of Slialhvoy was: — ¥. .1. Cniii;, and of I.ondim Ea,st, Thomas .Mnir. Wm. Ilidck, .lolm Da^'j; and Eli (Iritlith, wm; Deptities of Adelaide, Biddidjih, and Caradoe, resjiectively ; .lame.s Gilinour, of Donihester ; .A. .Stevens, of P^kfrid, A. 1). Osborne, C. W. .Sifton, ('. (inest, and W. Elliott, of London; whih; C .M.Simmons, T. Li^ditlbot, A AvnistroiiL;, .1. W. Ro.s.scr, Wm. J)i.\on, John 11. Hayne.s, -lames MatlnTs, .John Ni.xon, (leori^e llouth^dije, and I'etei Gordon, rejiresenliny tins other townships as De])nty-lieeves. James Armstronj,' was elected Warden. The chan^yes in the Board of 187li wen; : -Wm. Mnrdock vicr MorL,'an ; W. II. Kyan rice John llod^ins, with W. S. Stanley viw Depnty Dai,'^'; T. Norflicott I'icc A. M. McEvoy, with .lames (Jaml)le and Thomas Na.^'le, Depnties; C. J. Camiibell rice Elliott, of Ekfrid, with James Pole, l)e])nty ; A. 1). Oslxirne, of Londoti, with J. M. O'Neil, ( 'harles (Uie.st, li. (Jt!ary, and 1). ^IcMidan, Dejaities ; Michael i5eckett vice J)ej)nty Lightfoot, of Metcalfe; ; J. Kobinson dec. John Corbett, with James Marr, Deputy of Mc(jillivray. -lames Armstrong was still Peeve of London, with .T. Ni.xon, -lohn McOre^or, and G. Kentledge, I)e])Uties. Tratford Carajibell re]ilaee(l Pi'ter Gordon as Dejiuty of Williams East: W. H. llutchins represented Parkliill ; Nathaniel Curi'ie, Glenooe ; T. G. S. Nevilles, Ailsa Craiu', and Isaac Waterman, of London East, with William Stanfield, l)e])Uty, The other townships and villa,ij;es were re])re.sented as in 1870. Tdw N.'-iiir, Rkkvks— 1878. ni;ri:rii;s . 1878. Adelaiile Folin Wylev Iain(;s Tlioinpson. Hiiiauljili W. II. Kyaii W. ]). Stanley. Caradoe Eli (iritlith 1). Leitcli aiul M. M(riuj,'«ii. Delaware Uruiii Cornell Dorchester North 1. I!. F.aiie lames (Jilniour. Ekfrid C. .J. Caniptiell Daniel McDouf^al. Lobo Alex. .McKellar C. .M. Simmons. T„„i„„ A 1% r, 1 (•!. -M. O'Xeil, C. OnesI, London A. I). Osliounu' ,, ,, t> n »iii t H. deary, D. McMillan. Metcalfe Thomas Ihif^hes Michael Meckett. Mosa h. Wattcrworth Alex. Armstronj;. McGillivray John Kobinson F. Marr, W. II. Taylor. Nissouri West J. H. Fram I. H. Haynes. Wostnnnster James Armstrong | ;'; ^'"""'l' /• McGregor, " \Vt. Koutledge. East Williams lohn Levie Tratford Campbell. West Williams Thomas Klliott loliii Barrett. Strathroy Wni. Raploy D. M. Cameron. i:i 86 Viri.AnEH. HISTORY OK THK Kkrvkk 1878. Dki'UTIkn- -187H. Loiiiloii Kast iHaar Waterman T. W. Ilartlctt. I'eternvillc A. J. li. Macdonald Wardsville Thomas Kn^lish Newbury Alex, (iraham Olcn(M)e N. Ciirrie Parkhill W. SlionltH Ailsa Craip. T. (i. S. Nevilles Liican . . W. II. Hutdiiiis Tlic, Reeves of tlie Council of 1879 wore, in the alphabetical order of townships: — .lulm Moruim, W. 11. Ityan, Malcolm Mc(lnj,'an, Andrew Sliarpe, .)anu'.>; (lihnour, Allen Stevi^n.son, Ti E. Sliiplny, Dohiild McMillan, succeeded hyTlioniiis Houtled<;e, B. Watterwortli, Mosa ; Tlioniiis Ihiylifs, Metcalfe; John Ji'oliinson, McfJillivray ; .1. I!. Kiain, Nis.sonri; .lames Armstrong, Thomas Shipley and Peter Stewart. The villaj^e ]leeves were F. .1. Craij:, Strathroy ; I. Water- man, London K. ; Thomas Eni,disli, Wardsville, succeeded l)y William Shejiherd, N. Cnrrie, (Uencoe; Win. Shoults, Parkhill; W. K. Atkinson, Ailsa C'raif,'; W. S. JIutchin.son, T.ucan, succeeded by W. Stanley, A. .1. II McDonald, Petersville, and Tliomas Robinson, Newbury. The Deputy Reeves, in alphabetical order of town.ships, were T O. Curry, Win. D. Stanley, Dui^ald Leitch, Henry Sutlualand, not rejtresented, .lolm Durand, .lohn A. J)obie, Robert Boston, of Lobo ; Edward Robinson, Thomas I.aii<,'ford, R. W. Jackson and Jo.seph Mar.sliall, of London; H. Cough, Metcidft;; A. Armstrong, Mo.sa ; James Marr and W. H. Taylor, MctJillivray ; Charles Fitzgerald, Nissonri ; Ceo. Rcmtledge, .lohn Nixon and .lohn McCregor, West- minster; Arch. Canqibell, Williams E., and John Barrett, Williams W. D. M. Cameron was Dejiuty fi'om Strathroy; .[. W. Bartlett and .L Wright from London East. The latter was succeeded by S. A. Adams. James Cilmcmr was elected Warden. The Council of 1880 was made u]i as follows :- TdWNsiiir. Rekvk. Deittv. Vim.ace. Rkevk. h l< m Adelaide . . , Biddulidi.. Caradoc Delaware.. . Dorchester. Kkfrid Lobo .T. Morpan. . . . W. H. Ryan. . M. McGnnan. . . A. Sharpe .). Durand .lames Pole. .. . C. M. Simmons London T. Routledge . , Mosa .... Metcalfe.. McGillivray Missouri . . . H. Wattorworth Robert Hrown. . J. Robinson . . . if. I!. Fram T. 0. Curry. W. D. Stanley. ( 1). Leitch. \ R. Cade. R. Venning. J. A. Dobie. Robert Boston. fK Robinson. I T. liangford. I R. W. Jack.son. U. Marshall. G. Mclntyrc. Henry Gough. (J. Marr. ' \W. H. Taylor. G. W. Keast. Strathroy F. J. Craig. " . . . D. M. Cameron, dep. London K Lsaac Waterman. " Chas. Lilley, dep. " Wm. Helton, dep. Wardsville .... W. Shepherd. Nowbury Dr. (iraham. Glencoe Nathaniel Currie. Parkhill W. Shoults. Ail.sa Craig I. Rosser. Lucan W. Stanley. Petersville .... W. H. Hartram. Lo M-ill Will COUNTY OK Minni.Ki^KX, 87 •vwovtli, ,vav -, •' • .(I r.-.tuv Water- William W. K. I by W. lobinson, awusliips, itl\(!vland, iiistoii. of [1(1 .Tosevb !<., Mosa; itzgerald, or, West- Willii^™^ Bavtlett ' by !^. A. IK.F.VK. ?raig. ;aiiicroii,aei'- M'atcrinan. iLilley, «lep- VUou, tlep. lepheril. Vaham. liiel Uurrie. DuUs. jBcr. lanlcy. Uailiam- TowxHHir. Rkrvk. Dkiti'v. I.I. Nixoii, W..,train«ter .1. AnnntroiiK . . V" '[""""'K"' " 1 .1. Mil iri'giir. 1. 1. Mill.-. Williams K. T. (i. Shipli-y .. A. Cain|ilM.ll. Williams W, IVti r Stcnvmt . . .Icihii liiiiirtt. .lohn Mor>,'aii wa.s electeil VVanluii, lii.s voto being 'J.'), agaiiLst 10 f(jr Walter worth and o fin- (Jraii;. The clianj^e.s in th(! Council fur ISCl are thii.s given: — Win. I). Stanley, liei'\e, with Siinniel It. Ilodgins, Deputy, of r)iiiiitH 20 now niiiuus iind 24 niinu's of tli« Couiicilloi'H (if 1S8J. Till' iii'W Ui'cvt's iU't! iiaiui'il us follows: — .Iiuints (Jilinoiii, Dorcl'icstc;!' ; liolii'il I'o.sLon, l.olio ; Iticiiuiil Moylc, Mclciilfc ; huiioan Ciiiiiiilii'll, MoMii ; James Marr, Mdiillivray ; .loliii T. Cougliliii, W('stiiiiiist((r ; Jolm S. MrKwcii, Williams K. ; Simon McI,»"o.l, Williams W. ; W. H. i'.ailiam, l.oiiilon W.'sl ; .1. II. McUohnrts, Liicrtii ; and Isaac Katlilmrn, (Jlcncof. I'lui new I)it])uty Uccvcs wuro William 'rnincr, of I>i(l(lnl|ili ; Diiu'ald <,'am|il)i'll, of Caradoc, Tire T. Naglc ; Wm. Turnliull, of I loiclicslcr ; /aciiariali McCallnm, of Kkfi'id ; I». 1>. liairis, of Lolio ; Kdward K. Sale, Holx'it Di'cancy and Tiiomas Uobson, of London, I'l'tcr Klson hriii^' ic ckicttid ; 8in^,di!ton Gibl), of Mosa; .lolin I'atc^hinj,', (tf Mc(!illivi'ay, I'/'iv Darlinj;; itohci't Sinnmers 'Uid Wni. If. Odidl, of Westminster, rirr Mc(!rej^or and UoMtle(l,L,'e; I) A. (iillies, of Williams K. ; N. 1). Wyley,' (.f Williams W. I>. M. Cameron was elected Warden liy a vote of 25, aj^ainst L'M recorded for .Stanley. The roll of the Conned of 1884 by townshijis and villages, presents the fullowin}' names : — TOW.NSIIII'. Rkkvks. DKI'I'TIKN. Adelaide Duncan A. Campbell I'atrick M\irray. Uiddulph W. D. Stanle)- Tlmiiias K. Hodgiii.s, Caradoc Malcolm McGuKan j i'"!;:,* p ^'|:''''''- Dc'lawiiro Andrew Sharpe Donliester lames (lilmour lolin McFarlaiie Ekt'rid ,)uhn Melntvre .1. A. Dobie. Lobo Robert IJoston li. li. Harris. r „., ■ . „ » .,, ( R. Drcaney, T. Rubson, ''°"'''^" ••-''" '"''*"'" [ R. K. 1>0«, .11, J. liell. Mosa Duncan Campbell Singleton (Jilib. Metealfe lames liennott T. K. llawken. McUillivray lames .Marr A. Robinson, .1. I'atchcn. Nissouri ,1. 15. Fram ... .Thomas Glial riipr.x. Westminster Fohn T. Coughliu | ',';. ^,'rn','';, ■'^',i"ai, Williams Kast D. A. Oillies J. .McArtliur. Williams West . .Simon McLeod Anjjus McLeisli. Vll.I.ACK. Rkkve.s. DkI'UTIKS. Stratlirov Lawrence Cleverdon D. W. Vary, R. P. Smith. London East I. W. IJartlett I), lilack, I). R. Winnett. London West ,Tohn Piatt \l. Johnstone. Parkhill R. Slioults Ailsa Craig D. F. Stewart Lucan Wm. Klwood Glencoe L Rathburn Newbury T. li. Anderson Wardsville E. Liliey In the Council of 1885 were fourteen Reeves and si.xteen Dejjuty- Tieeves who served the jirevious year. The Ueeves elected in 18>."i were James Pole, of Ekfrid; P.. Watterworth, of Mosa; Henry (iouuli, of Metcalfe; Andrew Robinson, of McGillivray ; W. H. Odell, td' Westminster ; Dr. J. H. Gardiner, of London E. ; W. W. Fitzgerald, COUNTY OF MIDin.KSEX. m (,s of tlu' .t.lciill'i' ; .lolin T. ,; .1. ... ,v pi'V>itv /iic'hiiviali .,. DavUujJi; Wylt'V, »}' vote t>f -". res, vrcsentf' Uobsoii, J. IWll. Patchcn. Jcrs. li. Skviae. Wiiiuett. Iteeu Depiity- Icted in 18-^' llenvv lioujili. H. "Odell, "t Iv. Vitzgovalil. (il Lciiidoii W. ; .Tosttph llosscr, of Ailsii Criii<,'; Xiithiiiiicl Cunio, dl (lliiicdc, iiiiil Williiiiii Slic|iliiiiil, 111' WaiiUvillt' Oftlu' new Dcpiity- liri'Vca, (/'. C. nuiiyiiiH ivpivsnitcd lii(l(iiil|ili ; T. 11. Wiinvii, iMctculft! ; .Idliii 15i'aill(\v, ('/(•/• A. Itnliiiisnii, Mcdillivray ; .hiiiica Ifoiidiirson, Nissdiiri; yiancis Kllinll, r/ir Odi'Il, Wcsliiiiiistcr; |), McKciizic, Williams K. ; Win. Jlaplfy and Jaiiu's r>(i\vicy, Sliatliiny ; I'dcr Toll ami (It-n. lli'aiiiaii, Luiiduii K., and Win. Spciico, Luiiddii WosL. Tii(^ (.'oniii'il of issc, conipriscd Itiiiicaii A. Cainiilicll, Win. I). Slaiilcyi Mal("nlin Mcduuan, .Viidivw Sliariic, .lames (iilnicnir, .lann's I'lilc, li'dlicrt I'xi.'^toii, I'l'tcr I'llsdii, liriijamin Watlriwuilli, Ilcniv C.mmIi, Wm. II. Taylor, .1. 15. Krain, Wm.'ll. Oddl, Trailord Cain].lK'll, Sinidii McLcod, I,. Ch'vi'i'ddii, W. W. Fitzycmld, Ui(t!iai'd SlaMilts, .lu.sc])li jjdssci', Wm. KIwdiid, Nalliaiiii'l ( 'iniic, Pr (iialiam, .Idhn Ileal Ii, Ii'i'cv.'H ; anil Patrick Miinay, ('. (,'. llml'^iMs, Dii^ald I.i'ili'li, Siiin.U'l .MilJracUcii, Dnnr'an McLaiit^'ldin, Uray Willcy, dairies .Sitnindii.s, Ildlicrt. l)rcaiiry, Tinnias K. IJdli.sdii, Ricliard A. I'owcll, .lames lii'll, William \Vel.sier, William S. (Jalvert, .Tdhn I'atrlieii, .Inliii liradley, .lames Ileiidersdii, .Inliii Nixon, .lames Mills, I'ramis Kiliott, liariialias SUuso. I)a.vid .M(d\eiizie, .lulni (1. .lames. Win. Ilajiley,.Iaiii".s r>d\vloy, li. F. Lacey, l)e]m(y-i;eeves The (Joiiiiril ol 1SS7 eom|iri,s(Ml Dnnean A. (Jainjiliell, C C. HoilL^'ins, Samuel MeUraekeii, .lolin .Idliiislou, .lames Gilmonr, .luhn A. Dohie, I'efer Klson, Koli(;rt liostoii, Henry (ion.eh, I'.eiijamin WalterworUi, Wm. II. Taylor, Kdward l''it/L;eral(l. .lolni T. Conuldin, Tratl'ord Caiii].- liell. Simon Mcl.eod, Lawrence Cleverdon, .lames Campliell, liulierl White,, Nathaniel Ciirric, .losepli IJosser, Alex. (Iraham, M I)., Wm. Klwood, .lohn Heath, Jieeve.s; with Duncan liol.eilson, 1'. .1. J)ewan, .lames (Janiiile, Henry Hanly, .Tames H. Itouse, l'>ray Willey, Kdk'rt I.^eaiiey, Thomas K. It.jhson, Jliehanl .V I'owell, li'ichiird .Vidiel, ( '. M. Simmons, Wm. S (,'alvert, Sinelelon ( Jilih, .lohn rateheii, .lohn Bradley, Thomas Dullin, .lohn Xixoii, .lohn Mills, Francis Elliott, Wm. (ierry, Daniel A. (lillies, A. W. Annustine, Hector l'ri|uhart, F. L. Harrison, Thomas Mc(5ocy, I)(!]iuty-Jleeves. The mcmbors of the Council of LS.SS are named in tlu", sketches of the .s(^veral mmiicijialilie.s. In .lanuary, 1.SS7, 1!. Watterworth, .seconded hy I). A. Cam]iliell, moved that tin; IV'tilioniiiL! Commitlei! dral't a ])etiiion to the liC^islalure, ])rayini; them to so amend the act relating; to llie franchi.se and representation of the ])eo]ile, namely, chapter 2 of 48 Victoria, section 7, so as to e,\teiiil the privilege to wage earners of voting at municipal elect ion.s as well as |iailiam(!iitary. On -lime 9, 1887, R. lioston, .seconded Iiy C. M. Simmon.s, moved that the following memliers of this Council lie a committee to draft an address to ?\Ir. Murray on his retirement from the Treasurershi]. of this County, and t,o re])ort to tlii.s Council the best means of showing dur gdod will to Mr. .Murray in some tangible form for his long and faith- ful services, viz.:— Messrs. S. McLcod, .laiiies (Jilmour, 13. Watter- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 I.I 1.25 12.2 112. 14^ lilio U IIIIII.6 i 4^%^ 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST M^IN STREET webste;:, NY. msso (7>6) 872-4503 ,\ V n>^ ;\ \ % V <> > <• o^ ^ 'f":A» v^' #^ 90 HISTORY OF THK worth, John T. Coughlin, Peter Elson, Trafford Campbell and the mover. On the same date the following applications for the situation of County Treasurer were read : — James Grant, Lionel E. Shipley, Wm. H. Odell, Alex. McKellar, Wm. D. Stanley, A. M. McEvoy, D. L. Leitch, Francis Parker, and W. King Dixon A special meeting was held September 8, 1887, in answer to a notice sent to each member by the Clerk, informing them that the vacancy in the Municipal Council of Strathroy, by the continued absence of Mr. Cleverdon, had been filled by the election of D. W. Vary as Reeve, which caused a vacancy in the Wardenship of the County, necessitating a meeting of the Council to elect a Warden. D. A. Campbell, seconded by John Nixon, propo.sed that Simon McLeod, lleeve of the Township of West Williams, he Wanien of the County for the remainder of the year in the room and stead of L Cleverdon, whose seat has been declared vacant by the Council of the local municipality of Strathroy. In 1888 Warden McLeod was re-elected. The salaries of the county officials, appointed by Council, as fixed in 1887, are as follows : — Warden, $300 ; Jail Physician, $250 ; Manager House of Kefuge, $350; Matron, $150; Engineer, $400; Janitor Court House and (.'ounty Buildings, .$450 ; Countv Treasurer, $1,600; County Clerk, $700; Inspector House of liefuge, $200; Physician House of Kefuge, $200. The County Commissioner, for actual service, $3.50 per day, and members of Council and auditors of criminal justice accounts, $2 per day and mileage. Early Items. — In 1842, John Wilson, Q. C, was elected first Warden. John S. Buchanan succeeded him in 1845, and he was succeeded by Wm. Niles, who held the position from 1847 until 1853, when Jolm Scatcherd was chosen. Halcroft Church was Warden in 1855; Tiios Moyle, in 1856; Robert Craik, 1857; Benj. Cook, 1858-9; Arch. Campbell, 1860-2; Christopher Coombs, 1863; M. S. Ayers, 1864; John H. Munro, 1865. M. S. Ayers was elected Warden in January, 1866 ; R. Dreauey, in 1867 ; Thomas Moyle, 1868; Thos. Routledge, 1869; Richard Tooley, 1870; John Watterworth, 1871; Malcolm G. Muuroe, 1872 (re-elected in 1873); Lionel E. Shipley, 1874 ; John Waters, 1875 ; James Armstrong, 1870 ; John Levie, 1877; James Gilmour, 1879; Jolm Morgan, 1880; .las. Armstrong, 1881; Joseph Marshall, 1882; D. M. Cameron, 1883; W. D. Stanley, 1884; Malcolm McGugan, 1885, B. Watterworth, 1886; Lawrence Cleverdon, 1887. In September, 1887, Simon McLeod was elected, vice Cleverdon. County Building8.~0n October 15, 1792, an act for building a jail and court-house in every district of Upper Canada, and for alter- ing the name of such districts was passed. Later, when the District of London was organized, a building was erected in Charlettetown, and in October, 1816, Thomas Talbot, Robert Nichol, and John Backhouse, were authorized to enclose and paint this building, known as the COinJTV OF MIDDLESEX. 9t and the uation of ley, Win. oy, B. L. swer to a n that the continued of D. W. hip of tlie irden. D. 1 McLeod, he County Cleverdon, the local re-elected. ;il, as fixed ian, $250 ; leer, $400; Treasurer, igc, S200; ssioner, for auditors of looted first id he was 847 until lurch was 57 ; Benj. libs, 1863; Ayers was Thomas 870 ; John in 1873); rong, 187G ; 1880; .Tas. ron, 1883 ; Tatterworth, 87, Simon building a id for alter- District of x)wn, and in Backhouse, own aa the "Jail and Court-house," and to procure funds to pay for same. On March 19, 1823, the magistrates of the district were authorized to raise £1,000 to aid in finishing this jail and court-house, which was used until partially destroyed by fire. Contemporary with the District Court-house, there were several Magistrates' Courts scattered through- out the district, and among the number was the Westminster Court- house — a log building at Springbank, where Squires Springer atui Ingersoll dispensed justice in 1825. Under a special act of January 30, 1826, a town was ordered to \te surveyed at the forks of the Thames, of which four acres were to Im; reserved for a jail and court-house. Thomas Talbot, Mahlon Ihir- well, James Hamilton, Charles Ingersoll, and John Matthews, of Lobo> were aupointed Commissioners to erect a jail and court house ; to raise funds by taxation, and to borrow £4,000. The CommissioTiers were ordered to meet at St. Thomas and organize in March, 1826. St. Thomas was then a pretentious settlement, and made a determined effort to secure the seat of justice ; but O'Brien's settlement won, and the work of building commenced in 1826-7. The first court-house stood upon the same scpiare whereon the present one stands, but was located closer to the street ; and after the construction of the new building the old one was moved to the bank of the hill by the con- tractor. It was a two-story frame building, and in one end were jJaccd two cells, these being rendered more secure by placing logs around the cells, from whicli the building acquired the distinctive title of the " Old Log Court-house." On January 14, 1830, bills aggregating £1,114 15s. Od, were approved for work done on the court-house at London. An order was issued to the Treasurer to insure both jail and court-house for £4,000. John Evart agreed to complete furnishing the court-house. In January, 1830, the magistrates issued the following order to the Jailor : — " That the Jailor do furnish to the prisoners confined in the London District Jail the following quantity and quality of pro- visions, namely, of meat one pound each person per day, of bread one and a-half pounds to each, with potatoes and other vegetables in season, and in such quantities as may be judged wholesome by the Jailor of said District." In April, 1830, the Court ordered " that the jail limits do extend to Dundas street, and include the lots on each side of said street from Lots IG to 24 inclusive, the whole of the public square, the street between the public square and McGregor's westward to the end of the square, Kidout street from Dundas to southern boundary of McGregor's lot, and the lots on each side of Ridout street as far as McGregor's lot extends — containing 16 acres." John Harris, Treasurer of the District, was granted £50 for his services in procuring moneys for building jail and court-house, and purchasing books for accounts against the lands of absentees. '.V' HISTOKY OK THE ■; if mmn E k In this month also a painter, named Cmig, was allowed £11 15s. Od. for painting the cnat-of-arms for the court room. In .Tuly, a short time before the opening of the assizes, two pine tables, three octagon tables and thirty connnon chairs were ordered for the the court-room, .lames Hamilton, one of the Commi.ssioners to York in 1830 to negotiate H loan, asked remuneration, but the magistrates denied the request. In April, ISol, John Ewart was allowed £237 for re-building the house hitherto erected iis the temjwrary jail on the town plot of London. In 183"), it was ordered that the two rooms in the basement story of the Court-house be cleaned, one to be occuj)ied by the SherilV, and that the Sheriil's room adjoining the Clerk's oflice, formerly occupied by the Tieasunsr, be set off as the office of the District Court Clerk. On ,luly 13, 1838, a survey of the site for the ]iroposed new jail on the John Kent grounds was ordered. In Ajiril, 1839, the (Jovernment was petitioned to grant a site. In April, 1839, a Committee of thi; Court reported in favor of locating the new jail on lots 1, 2, A, 4 and ft, on the north side of Kast North street, and on lots '2, 3, 4 and a, on the south siile of Duke strei't, comprising the elevated grounds south of the ai'tillery barraclvs. The acquisition of this property was ordered liy jmrchase or otherwise, but never carried out. On November, 1843, the -lail Committee reported £2,024 7s. Od. paid out on account of the new jail, leaving £1,009 2s. 7d, due on estimates. In February, 1844, Chairman Lawrasou presented a report from his Committee, showing that the total expenditure was £r),50-l- 11s. 4d. for giving to the District an odd feudal structiu'e resembling the Castle of Malahide, near Dublin. The itlea was to please Col. Talbot, and it had ])lenty of followers, for notwith-standing the lessons of the Ilebellion, class idolatry still existed. In November, 1847, Dr. McKenzie was aj^iunnted Surgeon of the jail, vice Dr. Lee, deceased. Dr. rhillijjs, his o)>piinent, received twelve of the thirty votes cast. From 1861 to 1867 the fJoverimient ])aid into the Treasury of Middle- .sex 83,663. 5:! for court-house and jail ])urposes, out of the liuilding Fund. In June, 1808, a jietition from the City of London asking jier- mission to ornament the court-house gi'ounds was granted, and the fence and other incumltrances ordered to be removed before November 1, that year. To this date the jieople look back for the limited, but neat grounds, which lay before' the court-house. Fi'om January 1, to November 2"), 1868, there were 372 city prisoners, anil lo4 county in'isoners. The various improvements made in the County buildings, such as that made under the Broadbent and Overcll contract, of .lanuary 2.5, 1878, are noted in the history of London, The House of liefiKje — In the earlier years of this District jniblic charity cxi.sd'd in a very rude form. Even ])oor widows were publicly sold to the highest bidder, the ))r(iceeds of the sale entering the District Treasury, while the unfoitunate white slaves luul to work for their white mastiMs without hope of pay. The imbecile or others uuuble to li 15s. Od. 11 short octagon vt-room. legotiate request, ding the plot of jnt story erilV, and occupied xt Clerk, ■w jail on )vcrnnient ,ec of tlui ;^, 4 and and a, on inds south ,'as ordered 024 78. Od. 7d. duo on ted a report '•as £5,504- escnibling ilcase Col. 10 lessons 1847, Ur. deceased, votes cast, of Middle- he Uuikling asking per- il, and the November limited, but muary 1, to 154 county ty buildings, contract, of istrict public ere i)ul)licly the District ork fortlieir 313 unable to ROMAN CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL. sui be civ lat( niit Inii Wi but and Hoi (lest the wlie «5,2 to e: pred Hon ofgi Tlie inniii So I, I bn sa Clerl, I; connj decea Ii Housi made R-illai lespec that I ;Jiio, appoir Holde L. Cx. Fi'ank, a total In Oonnti Th( iiinoiin ''row L of whi( Uii Kefuge COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 93 su])poit tlienisolves were ])laoed in chnrge of some person who would be willing to give them food and clothes for a nominal sum ; but as civilization advanced a methodical system of relief was provided ; and later still a better system was instituted. On Oct. 5, 1847, a com- mittee, of which J(tlm Burwell was Chairman, reported in favor of building a House of Industry under the power by Sttvtnte of Seventh William IV., Chap. 24. Many looked ui)on this proposition favorably ; but remembering the old immigi'ant hospit'ils on the Hamilton Koail and at Waixlsville, the majority voted contra On Jan. 25, 1867, another report on the expediency of erecting a House of Refuge was presented ; but treated with a coldness that destroyed the hoijcs of its supporters. In 1875 the cost of maintaining the indigent was Sl,l77.52; in 1876, $1,127.75, and in 1877-8, when there were 110 resident indigents and a number of stragglers, 85,'_'49.22. In .June, 1878, a committee of the Council was appointed U) examine the ([uestion of supporting the poor, and this one, like its predecessors, reported in favor of building and maintaining a Poor House. The Council ultimately decided on building, with the result of giving to the county the excellent institution just west of Strathroy. The expenditures, too, have grown, for in 1886 there were 128 inmates, including the keeper, matron and family, who cost the county §31,775; and in 1887, 133 inmates, costing l532,V04. The house may be paid to be governed by a boanl of visitors, one of whom. County Clerk McKenzie, gives the Institution much time and attention. In Decemlier, 1871, the question of establishing a hospital in connection with the House of liefuge, according to the will of the deceased William Lambert, was before the Council. In June, 1880, the new building sit Strathroy, known as the House of Itefuge, was reported almost complete, according to the plans made by T. H. Tracy. The committee recommended that Arch, liallantyne and his wife Agnes be appointed keeper and matron vesjiectively, the former at !jf200 and the latter at $100 per annum ; that Dr. Itotert A. Stevenson, of Strathroy, be i)hy,sician, at a salary of ;JI10, and Dr. 1). G. McKenzie inspector, at SI 00. J. Baskerville was appointed engineer. The cost of the 46^ acres purchased from James Holden was ."53,300 ; to W. J. Fawcett, for main building, $17,562 ; to L. G. JolitVe, for steam heating, $3,300, and to Isaiah Ellis, C. J. Frank, John Newton, James 1). Bowlby, for sundry work, $1,041 ; or a total, exclusive of furniture, amounting to $25,203. In December, 1880, John Morgan, VVarden, and D. G. McKenzie, Uoimty Clerk, signed By-law No. 341, for governing the House. The constructicm and operating e.xpenses up to November 18, 1881, amounted to $34,413.96. There were 108 admissions, including 13 from Lambton County. The value of farm products was $1,007.65, of which $18.38 worth was sold. During the year 1882 there were 94 inmates in the House of Kefuge from this county, and 20 from Lambton County, of whom 15 r 94 HISTORY OF THE died, 19 absconded, 15 were discharged and 65 remaiiiod. Tlie maintenance account was S7, 529.74, of which, products of t'uiin yielded $1,627.49. Asylum for the Insane. — This institution wsvs taken jjoasession of and occupied on the 18th Novenibc^r, 1870. The transfer of the ])atients from the Orillia Asylum, comprising 46 men and 73 women, was safely accomplished on that day by steamer to Belle Ewart, Northern Railway to Toronto, and Grand Trunk Railway to London. On the 23rd November, the Maiden patients, consisting of 120 men and 123 women, arrived j)er steam transport to Windsor, and thenct; by Great Western Railway to London. The total number of patients transferred from Maiden and Orillia to the London Asylum was therefore 363, viz.: — 166 men and 197 women. The otHcers in charge were Dr. Henry Laudor, Superintendent ; Dr Ste]>hen Lutt, Assistcint, and Miss Warren, Matron. At this time, J. W. Iiangmuir was Government Inspector. In 1871 the refuge for adult idiots wa.s established, the Government approjmating SlO.nOO for buildings. Tht; original house was begun in June, 1869. The location is admirable in every lespect, A little over two miles distant from the city post oflict-, with a street railroad reaching within easy walking distance, it is con- venient. The site is 117 feet above the river, sloping to the east and to the west. Toward both points the rainwater flows, and toward botli, portions of the sewage are directed. The southern slope is, at tint Ijodge 1,200 feet distant, seven feet lower than at the building ; sew- age, however, cannot l)e applied by gravitation to the land, as the inclination of the land is not sufHcient for that purpose. There are ud nuisances of any description near the site, nor is it ollensively ovc^i- looked by roads or footpaths, so that the privacy essential to tlit; comfort of the insane can be maintained Dr. Landor, who for three years had charge of the Asylum at Maiden and for nine years of that at London, died in 1877, when J)r. r.«tt was appointed temporary Sujierintendent. Dr. R. M. Bucke was installed in that position Feb. 15, that year, and for over a decade ha.s managed the institution with rare ability. When he took charge there were 598 jiatients actually in the house. W. G. Metcalfe was Assistant Superintendent ; T. J. W. Burgess, Assistant Physician ; R. Mathison, IJursar ; R. Hardy, Steward, and Mrs. Pope, Matron In 1878, Dr. N. H. Beemer was appointed second Physician, and T. Short, Bursar. In 1879, Dr. Burgess was Assistant Superintendent, with Dr. Beemer first and Dr. T. Millman second Physician The important changes in the stall' since that date include the appointment of Dr. Sippi, liarsar; Dr. Robinson, first. Dr. Beemer, .second, and Dr. Foster, third Assistant; Mr. Wanless, Storekeeper, Dr. O'Rielly being In- spector of Asylums. The total admissions to Provincial Asylums, since the institution of the first one in 1841, including the admissions of 1885, numbered COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 95 uxl. T\.e j)0S9CSsit)l» iisfer of the 73 woiiu!H, ;elle EwaTt, r to Londoi\. of 120 luoii :, anil t1»cnc»; ;r of patients Asylum wfts e otVicers 111 stevlicn 1'^'*^*' \V. l-augi"U» ,„lt idiots was iiiWiuSS ^T s admirable m city post oflice, auce, it is cou- tiie east and to id toward both, slope is, at tUo [building ; sew- iie laud, as the There are u«> IVeusivcly ovev- isseutial to tlu; |u.r. Asylum at 1S77, when D''- I. Bucke was a decade has 3 took char-je Metcalfe was t Physician; Matron 1" .u,; and T. Short. Lndent, with Dr The important pointment of l>r - and Dr. Foster, fjUy being In- the institution of 1885, numbered 12,055. Of this toUvl, the following table gives the social state, nationality, and of religions profession : — Of total admissions, InvludinK transfere. SOCIAI, STATK. Married 5, 9fl8 Unmarried 6,0ri7 12,05.'i NATIONAMTIEH. Canadian .5,062 English 1,694 Irish 2,98(5 Scotch 1,280 United States ;J8t> Other countries and unknown 647 12,055 HF.LUJIOUS liKNOMlNAilONS. Church of England 2,997 Roman Catholic 2.669 Presbyterian "2, ."iOH Methodist 2,223 Other denominations or unknown 1,660 12,055 The total number of inmates at London, in this year, was 1,031, although the statistics for September give 907. This last numlH?r may be considered the average annual insane population ftf the London District, down to the close of 1.S88. The present system, wliich generally ignores the use of mechani- cal restraints and banishes alcohol, was introduced by Dr. Bucke, eight years ago. Its results are shown by figures. During the five years succeeding the establishment of the asylum here, only 37 pei' cent, of the patients were discharged as cured ; the following five years tlie percentage reached 41, and under the salutary system of the present superintendency, the percentage is 45. For the same periods, the death rate was 5.50 per cent., 4.50 per cent, and 4.35 per cent respectively. A portion of the asylum buildings was destroyed by fire, December 2, 1887, entailing a loss of about $00,000. In 1888, the work of re-building was carried out, and the erection of the Bursar's residence completed. Scott, Act. — The petition that the Scott Act be submitted to the voters of Middlesex was signed by 5,671 i)ersons, and presented to Sheriff' Glass by D. H. Williams and Rev. G. H. Henderson, Novem- ber 5, 1884. The Council lost little time in granting this petition, and in a})])ointing James Grant Returning Officer for the election, which was ordered to be held in June, 1885. This election was held. A summarized table of the voting in the county is subjoined, giving the number of votes polled for and against, and the number of votes rejected : — 96 IHSTOKY OF THE Kalnrt. Rejeoted 62 206 1 146 5 168 3 98 1 86 1 74 4 353 16 2!) 2 71 136 2 101 3 234 8 21 2!l 109 2 175 73 4 24 1 56 4 16 8 45 51 2,370 For Adelaide 238 Biddulph 171 Caradoc 327 North Dorclieatcr 324 Delaware 153 Ekfrid 239 Lobo 350 London 718 Mosa 205 Metcalfe 167 McGillivray 393 West Nissouri 348 Westminster 736 East Williams 204 West Williams 150 Strathroy Town 232 London East 264 London West 124 Ailsa Craig 84 I'arkhill 117 Wardsville 42 Newbury 43 Gleneoe 64 Lucan 52 Total 5,755 UF.CAl'lTULATION. For. West Middlesex 1,041 North Middlesex 922 East Middlesex 1,388 Total majority 3,351 London city had nothing whatever to do in this transaction, and it is remarkable that a gieater number of staggering libels on humanity may be seen in any of the incoq)orated towns of the county where the act is in force, than in the city where the old law is well observed. Under the former Tavern and Shop License Act, the amount received for licenses, transfers, removals and fines in the City of Lon- don from May 1st to December 31st, 1881, was $8,541.68; London Township, $1,500; North Dorchester, $420; London West, $540; Westminster, $1,320; London East, $1,375; West Nissouri, $300; East Williams, $180 ; McGillivray, $105.81 ; Adelaide, $180 ; Bid- dulph, $300; Ailsa Craig, $423.75; Lobo, $240; Parkhill, $780; Luoan, $480 ; West Williams, $120 ; Ekfrid, $240 ; Strathroy, $1,400 ; Waidsville, $225 ; Metcalfe, $240; Delaware, $180; Caradoc, $300; Gleneoe, $360 ; Mosa, $60 ; Newbury, $255. Of these amounts the following sums were paid to municipalities : London city, $5,266.68 ; London Township, $8 17.21 ; North Dorchester, $225.19; London West. $403.43; Westminster, $719.14; London East, $1,019.93; West Nissouri, $163.43; East Williams, $86.16; I McGillivray, $88 55; Adelaide, $86.16; Biddulph; $143 60; Ailsa | Craig, $259.53 ; Lobo, $114.88; Parkhill, $558.44; Lucan. $292.32: West Williams, $57.44; Ekfrid, $118.40; Strathroy, $954.13 ; Wards- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, St. Rejected. 1 5 3 i 1 ; I 1 * I 16 » 2 I ^ 2 1 3 4 8 I :<» 19 2 5 '3 4 !4 1 56 * 16 8 45 51 i70 57 For. .. 1,041 ... 922 '.'.'.'.'.'.'..■■■ 1.38S 3,351 msaction, and it els on humanity iiinty where the jU observed. Cct, the amount ;he City of Lon- 541.68; London on West, $540; Nissouri, $300 ; lide. $180; Bid- Parkhill, $780; ;trathroy, $1,400; ; Caradoc, $300; to municipalities ; North Dorchester, S719.14; London Villiams, $86.16; ; $143 60 ; Ailsa ; Lucan. $292.32 $954.13; Wards- 97 ville, $133.80; Metcalfe, 8118.40: Delaware «88 so r ^ . Glencoe, $238.40 • Mosr SHw an t^ \^ '^^'^•^" > Caradoc, *14H • T»,» '•»'-'""•■»", mnsii, Sjy.bO ; Newbury. $163 80 > *^-» , LonJon^ "S^, tZ' t^t^ 1. ''' £^'^0-81 were :- S520,agaiuii$340 in m9 80 Sb S^uV^'^l' ^'' Middlesex, 1879 80; U^st MiddS. S?4oSns^'4tiri8*79 fr''''''' 335; 1881, 210 •' ^^^^' ^^^ ' ^878, 211; 1879.193; 1880 Inspectors in the t In-eeTc^^^S ^ !r"f « '''^'°^^« aud salaries of Middlesex, 8734 49 • Nr S VfiH fi °I- *.''•' °«""t>' were :-Ea.st 8577.44. ' ^"'^^ Middlesex. $520.68; West Middle.seV 98 HlSTOltY »)K THK CHAITKK Vr. POLITICS FUOM 1788 TO 1888. On July 24, 1788, Ujiper Caimdii was set otV into four Districts, by order of hnx\ Dorclicster, issued at St. Louis Custle, Quebec : — Lunen- burg, tbe first, extemh'd from the Ottawa to the Gananoque, later known as the Thames; Mecklinburg comjmsed the territory between the Gananoque and the Trent rivers ; Nassau embraced the country between the Trent and Long Point, on Lake Erie, while Hesse was the name extended over the remainder of Western Canada, and the country around Detroit. Iticlianl Duncan was Judge of the first; Richard Cartwriglit, mce Stewart, of the second ; Robert Hamilton of the thirtl, and, it is alleged, William Robertson, of Detroit, was commissioned Judge of Hes.so. In naming these Districts, it was Dorchester's intention to jilace the Palatines (who were refugees in Limerick County, Ireland,) in all judicial and executive oflices; but wiser counsel prevailed, and the men named were given the positions of District Judges. Governor John Gmves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, was installed July 8, 1792, at Kingston, when James Baby, William O.sgood, William Robertson, Alex. Grant and Peter Rus.sell were named as the first Executive Council. On July 17, that year, Robert Hamilton and Richanl (Jartwright, jr, one of them a former District Judge, with Richard Duncan, also a Judge, John Munroe and Thomas Eraser, were summoned, in addition to tlie Executive Council, to form the Legislative Council. About this time Duncan was guilty of some fraudulent transaction, and fleeing to Schenectady, N. Y, never I'eturned to share legislative honors. About this time, also, Robertson moved out of Detroit, and started his store at Sandwich; and the honor of making money at that point he esteemed higher than any legislative favor. Four days after the opening of the Council the first Governf)r set out towaid Niagara ; but i)rior to leaving Kingston, in fact, before he convened the Legislative Council, he divided the new Province into counties, for legislative jiurjxjses or representation. At Newark, the new capital at tlilj mouth of the Niagara, he pre- sided over the Executive Council, September 29, 1 792. At this time Major Littlehales was his Military Secretary; Lieut. Thomas Talbot, Provincial Aide-de-Camj) ; Gray, Solicitor-General; Small. (Jlerk of the Executive Council ; Wm. Jarvil, Civil Secretary ; Peter Russell, Receiver-General; D. W. Smith, Surveyor-General, with Thomas Eidout and Wm. Chewitt, Assistant Surveyors. The Legislative Council was convened Oct 9, 1792, and continued the meeting until the 15th in the building used at periods by Catholics and Protestants as a place of worship, with Peter Clark, COUNIT OF MIDDLKSKX, 99 Oistricts, by 3 . — Lunen- later known jetween the he country i39se was tl\c 1 the country ret; Kichard of the third, iommissioneil Dorchester'a in T^iniei'ick s ; but wiser . positions of t-Governor of James Baby, Veter Russell 17, that yeivv, hem a former In Munroe «i>a iutive Council, m was guilty [ectsidy, N. Y , [his time, also, at Sandwich; led higher than u; Council the jving Kingston, (he divided the representation, iagara, he pre- At this time Irhomas Talbot, Ismail. Clerk of Peter Russell, with Thomas and continued at periods by lith Peter '' 9 Clark, Spcrctary ; .lohn G. Law, llsher of the lilack Rod; Col. John Butler, of the Rangers, >Suj)erinten(l(!nt of the Indian Department ; and John \Vhit«, Attorney-General. This rarliament was a strange mixture of pure, nnadulturated democracy and aristocracy. The jHJople, at the August electioii.s, refused tti select half-j>ay officers, choosing men instead who dined at the same table with their einployus. The names of the first elected memlxTs of this Niagara Parliament are as follows : —.John McDonnell, of Glengary, Speaker; James Baby, Joshua Booth, Alexander Camjibell, Jerry French, Ephmiin Jones, Hugh McDonnell, VVm. Macomb. Ben. Pawling, Nathaniel Pettit, David William Smith, Hazleton Spencer, John Young, Isaac Swazy, .John VVIiitc and Philip Dorland. The last named being a Quaker, refused to take the oatli. His seat was declared vacant, when Peter Van Alstine was elected. Angus McDonnell was Clerk and Rev. Robert Addison, Cha|ilain. The members above named rejire.sented the following nineteen counties established by Governor Simcne's proclamation of July 16, 179li: — Glengary, Stonnont, Dundas, Greenville, Leeds, J'rontenac, Ontario, Addington, Lenox, Prince Ixlward, Hastings, Northumberland, hurliam, York, Lincoln, Norfolk. Sutl'olk, Kssex and Kent. Glengary was entitled to two members ; Kent, which comprised all the country to the Hudson Bay, two members; Suffolk and Essex one member, and so on, all claiming sixteen members, oidy a few of whom attended. This democratic assembly made short work of Dorchester's Dutch nomenclature. The last of the eight acts ])assed and approved pro- \ iiicd for building a jail in each of the four 1 )istricts, and for changing the names of such Districts — Lunenbuig to be known as the Eastern District, Mecklenburg as the Midland, Nas.sau as the Home, and Hesse 4is the Western. The five sessions of this Parliament were held at Newark, or Niagara. The second Parliament opened at York (Toronto), May 16th, 1797, with Peter Russell })residing. During the second session, opened in July, 1798, the re-districting of the Province was effected. Eight Districts of 23 counties and 158 townships were set off'. The Districts were named Eastern, Johnson, Midland, Newcastle, Home, Niagara, London, and Western. In the days of Pitt and Ca.stlereagh the home Government looked westward across the Atlantic and formetl up in imagination a Canada with hereditary dukes, mar(iui.se,s, lords, earls, knights, merchants, traders, peasants and paupers. Dorchester had tried a German nomenclature in L^pper Canada before this, with the object of giving a ducal house to each of the four Districts. Simcoe anglicized the plan so as to enlarge the number of ducal houses and create a number of counts, or baronial lords, but each disapjieared. Rochefaucault, the French economist, visited Niagara during the days of Siracoe's legis- lature, and, while amused at many things, could not fail to express his ajiproval of the Governor's ideas of government. He says : — " The 100 HlSTOliY OF THK maxims of government jnofcssetl l»y General Simcoe are very liberal and fair ; he detests all arbitrary s'lid military government without the walls of the fort, and desires liberty in its utmost latitude, so far as is consistent with the constitution and law of the land. He is, therefore, by no means ambitious of investing all power and authority in his own hands, but consents to the Lieutenants, whom he nominates for each county the right of appointing the justices of the peace and officers of the militia." The Lieutenant Governors, Presidents or Administrators of Upi)er Canada, from its establishment as a Province in 1792 to the Union with Lower Canada in 1841, are named as follows: — Lord John Graves Simcoe, 1792 ; Lituitenant Governor Peter Russell, President of Council, 179G ; Gen. Peter Hunter, L. G., 1799 ; Alexander Grant, P. C, 1805 ; Lord Francis Gore, L. G , 180G ; Sir Isaac Brock, P. C, 1811; Sir R. Halcsheaf, P. C, 1812; Baron de Rottenburg, P. C, 1813; Sir G. Drummond, L. G. 1813; Sir George Murray, L G., 1815; Sir F. P. Robinson, L. G, 1815; Lord Gore, L G., 1815; Samuel Smith, Administrator, 1817 ; Sir I'eregrine Maitland. L. G., 1818; Samuel Smith, Administrator, 1820; Sir Peregrine Maitland, L. G., 1820 ; Sir John Colborne, L. G., 1828 ; Sir F. B. Head, L. G., 1836; Sir John Colborne, Administrator, 1838; Sir George Arthur, L. G., 1838; and Baron Sydenham and T(jronto, Oct. 1839. The latter was appointed Governor of the United Provinces, Feb. 10, 1841. During all the years from 1792 to 184], the political history of Canada does not show one act of the governing classes which resulted in public good, if such special logi.slation as that of 1831 be excepted. Many of the men sent here to govei'n came to gi'atify a craving for travel, or to serve some private end. Simcoe appears to be enthusiastic and earnest in his intentions, until he learned how im- practicable they were. The others were baby statesmen, having but one idea, that of sustaining the few in luxury at the expense of the many in want. The act abolishing .slavery in 1793-4 was a senti- mental one, as there were not fifty slaves in Ujiper Canada to be set free, and they had to remain with their masters under specified condi- tions. Tlu! land grants were gigantic swindles, from which the country took many years to recover. In military allairs the capture of Detroit and other posts, referred to in the military chapter, brought glory to the British Governor ; but this glory di.sappeared in smoke in 1813, near Moravian Town, on the Thames. Concessions or Land Gmnfs — The term concession dates back to 1665, when the 2,200 French residents along the St. Lawrence were supplemented by 800 troops or De Carignan's famous infantry. After the defeat of the Iroquois was accomplished by this commander, per- mits were issued to them to retire from service, on condition that they would settle in New France, and to both men and officers lands were granted, and sums of money bestowed to assist in clearing and culti- vating their grants. In addil n to this paternal act of the French COUNTY OK MIDDIiESKX. 101 Kinp, a miinber of intelligent girls, with some of their male relatives, were induced to visit Canada with the object of marriage and liouse- keeping. From the original population of 2,200 or 2,500, the military, and the immigrants, the great race known to-day as French Canadians sprung, and from the grants of 1 667-9, the title " concession " came into genercil use. Tlie first grant of land in U])per Canada was granted on petition to Eobert Chevalier de La Salle, in 1674. The grant included all the country round Fort Frontenac, of Kingston or Cataraqui ; one of the conditions being that he should build a church at any time the po])U- lation will reach 100 persons, and then entertain one or two RecoUet ])riest.s to j)orform Divine service and administer the s.;c)'aments. I'jiis condition was suggested by La Salle himself and carried out religiously, even before he built Fort Niagara. This grant was four leagues square, and included the islands along its whole front. Th»! last concession or seigniory in Quebec was made to Chevalier de Longeuil, at New Longeuil, near the western boundary of that province; in April, 1734. In 1817 the legislative body of Upper Canada entered on an investigation of the n ation of (Jrown and clergy reserves to the welfare of the Province ; but, at the moment when this investigation had reached the point of usefulness, the Governor's order proroguing Tarliament took etlect. There were several land deals too j)atent, however, to be hidden from the ])eople, and the question whether the authorities intended to benefit the people or a few favorites lield possession of the y»ublic mind until most of the luijust discriminations against the great majority of inhabitants in land matters were removed. In 1791 Sir William Pulleney ])urchased 1,500,000 acres at one shilling, or about 25 cents jier acre, the cash payment being nominal. Before Governor Simcoe's administration ended he sold aVtout one-half of this immense estate at eight shillings, or ^2, per acre, but the grant was not made during Simcoe's time. At this time the surveyed lands of Up])er Canada approximated 17,000,000 acres, and of this great area there were scarcely 1,600,000 acres open to actual settlers and for roads. Of this small remainder 1,150,000 for 450,000 acres were for roads. Acting Surveyor-General liadenhurst solemnly declared that 650,000 acres were inferior in quality of soil or in sitiiation, and that other Government grants would swallow up the remaining half million of acres. How were the 17,000,000 of acres disposed of !■ In 1791 the Cou.stitutional Act created the " Clergy Reserves." This granted to the Estal)lished Church over 3,000,000 acres of .selected laiid in 200- acre tracts, or about one-seventh of all Crown grants, or, to make it clearer, one-eighth of every township. This act in ])mctice gave one-sixth of all the lands to the clergy, or 300,000 acres more than the legal quantity, which yielded £317,000 .sterling, or £45,000 over the value of the legal allotment. All this was done under the rules of the Laud Oftice Department, dated February 17, 1789. 102 HISTORY OF THK To discharged soldiers and sailors 450,000 acres were granted ; to militia, 730,000 acres ; to magistrates and barristers, 225,000 acres ; to executive councillors, their wives and children, 136,000 acres; to five legislative councillors, their wives and children, 50,000 acres ; to clergymen, 36,900 acres for private use ; to survey contractors, 264,000 acres ; to army and navy officers, 92,526 acres ; to Col. Talbot, 48,520 acres (ultimately swelled to 700,000 acres) ; to the heirs of General Brock (who fell atQucenstown Heights, Oct. 12, 1812), 12 acres ;* to Dr. Mountain, late English Church Bishop at Quebec, 12,000 acres. The Canada Company, owners of a large area in Middlesex in 1831, comprised Charles Bosanquet, Governor; Edward EUice, M. P., Deputy-Governor; Kobert IMddulph, Robert Downi*;, M.P., John Easthope, M.P., John Fullerton, Wm. T. Hibbert, John Hullett, Hart Logan, James McKillop, M.P., Martin T. Smith, M.P., Henry Usl)orne and Ciiarles Franks. Their agent at Aldborough was T. G. Bethune. In this manner the grants were made, tlie greater part falling into the hands of speculators by transfer of certificate, or held by men who would neitiier cultivate nor sell. Indeed, it was one of Pitt's wild schemes to establish a nobility and landed aristocracy in a land destined for a pure democracy. To tlie United Empire Loyalists, who made their homes in Ontario i)rior to 1787, and to their children, 3,200,000 acres were granted. This was done under the resolution of 1783. These forests were surveyed, but the lots were not numbered, and in the summer and fall of 1784 the whole lake front was alive with refugees and others, each waiting to fill his location ticket or tickets. Even Arnold, known as "The Traitor," received a grant of 18,000 acres and £10,000, and in 1804 the whole Township of Tyendinaga wa:i purcliased from the Mississaugas, and in 1804 deeded to John Deserontyon, Chief, for the use of the Mohawks, or Six Nations. The first si^rveys in Ujiper Canada were begun by Deputy Sur- veyor John Collins in 1783 along the St. Lawrence, in the Cataraqui neighborhood. The lots in general were twenty chains in width, but a few were only 19, so that some lots had to be given a greater depth, thu.s necessitating a greater width for concessions. At that time, Samuel Holland was Surveyor-General. Collins and others held responsible positions, while under the de])Uties were other de]mties, who would am-vey a township with as little physical or mental labor as it was l)Ossible for him to expend withou* ";e risk of losing his position. In 1793, large grants were maue to Squire IngersoU in Oxford, to Wm. Reynolds in Dorchester, and to Ebenezer Allen in Delaware, references to which are made in tlie chapter on pioneers and in the slcetches of Dorchester and Delaware. Rebellion l^tJ7-S. — Of the men who first came here in adventurous youth, but few remain to tell the tales of living in a cabin or lying *This in IK) doubt a mistake, but tbo number of acrca sranted to Gen. Uruck's belrs Is nut known to the writer. COUKTY OF MIDDLESEX. 103 ,nted-, to acres; to 5 ; to five acres ; to }, 204,000 ot, 48,520 f General \cre3 ;* to )00 acres, c in I8:n, ;e, M. P., I. v., 'Tohn lilett, Hart ry Usborne \. Betluine. ing into the y men who f Pitt's wild in a laud I- homes in I acres were rhese forests the summer refugees and ,nt of 18,000 Tyendinaga eded to John ations. Deputy Sur- \\e Catiiraqvii 11 width, but a er depth, thus I time, Sanuiel d responsible ]s, who would ibor as it was position, in Oxft»rd, to in Delaware, [ers and in the In adventurous [cabin or lying Ln. Brock'B heirs t» down to sleep with Heaven's canopy for a covering, and the howls of wolves for a lullaby. All the ])ast seems but a phantom of the mind — a creation of some idle moment — when compared with the realities of to-day ; yet such is the history of this progress, and of this civiliza- tion. The scenes of the past eight decades are but a repetition in the main, of the vast work of development that has been going on for hundreds of years, and which, during the last century turned its course toward the mighty West. The French, of course, led civilization's warfare ; then came the United Empire lioyalisls — a branch of the Yankee people — wlio are forever fond of change and new scenes, and for whonx a pioneer life was replete in a certain wild enjoyment ; next came the Irish and Scotch Celts, followed by the Norman and Anglo-Saxon. The Celts were driven hither by the legalized restraints and incumbrances which obstructed progress at home, and came with the object of jierpetuating the Celtic idea of liberty, as their friends did in the old Dominion ; but they were followed by the Teutons, who were not slow to establish the Teutonic method of Government. Soon the French and Yankee elements of this part of Canada were merged into the Celtic, and with that element fought Liberty's battle up to 1838, when it was forced to succumb in the field to the superior organi- zation and power of the Teuton ; only to succeed a few years later by the power of moral force, and win for Canada the laws in which Canadians take such ])riflfi. In the fall of 18.S7 a ]>olitieal meeting was held across the river, at Nathan Griffith's, in Wos< minster, to protest against the action of the Tories and Orangemen in breaking up the Reform meeting a,t llayham, on September 28tii, tliat year. The Radicals came prepared to resist any such procedure, for, when the Orange legions, led by John Jennings, swept down toward the head meeting, about seventy of this crowd held a meeting first ; but as the Reformers appeared the Tories fled, and the Liberals claimed that the day brought victory to them. The enemy disjiersed; the meeting discussed not one, but two attacks upon ])ublic freedom. A few days later a ])etitioii was presented to Sheritl' Hamilton by Doyle McKenny and others, asking tliat oHicer to take such steps as may be considered necessary to stop all future public (Reform) meetings. The old Liberal, then published at St. Thomas, by John Talbot, in an editorial speaks of this petition as follows : — " While the Tories could keep down the Reformers with their war clubs, all was well, no SherilV was called upon to protect the Radicals; but when the brave men of Middlesex determined upon defending themselves, then the Tory cry was raised ' The constitution is in danger.' " A fucetious description of the Westminster meeting follows, wherein it is stateil that Mahlon of the Basket, and Larry, of of the Tribe of Lawrence, fought and ran away. Many such meetings were held throughout Canada ; but, as a rule, the forces of the dominant party caused di.sturbance enough to break U]) the meetitig, and, when safe, delilierately scattered the people with batons or iirms. 104 lUSTOKY OF THE During the winter of 1837-8 the jwlitical disfibility under which the peoi)le of ( Canada labored urged a few mlder than the rest to rush fx) armai and abolish the wrong. The leader of the men of U])per Canada was William Lyon Mackenzie, and of Lower Canada M. Papineau. Thoy were undeniably honest, and each had worked him- self into a just rage over the evils which surrounded the people and the state of serfdom to which the secret society known as " The Family Compact " had subjected them. A mile below Prescott is an old windmill, a round stone tower, with loopholes in the walls, which is now used as a lighthouse. Fifty-one years ago, in November, it was occupied by a jiarty of Patriots. Under the leadership of Von Schultz, a Polish soldier, the Patriots held tht? mill for several days against the British force, commanded by Colonel Dundas. During the assault the opposite shore was lined with sympathizing spectators, who cheered when the military were repulsed. But the windmill was captured, and ten of the hundred and ten prisoners taken were court-martialled and hanged ; among them was their leader. Von Schultz. He was given a sham trial, during which the present Premier of the Dominion (1888) defended the leader. On December 4, I.SH7, the Patriots descended on Toronto, but they were defeated on the 7th at Montgomery's tavern. This house is said to have been burned by his nephew, Alfred, who afterwards kept tavern at Delawaie. The American tug Caroline was destroyed by a Canadian force under Commodore Drew, December 29th, and in this capture Captain McCormick, a commuted pensioner of Adelaide, had his arm cut by a sabre. On January 10, 1838, the Patriots abandoned Navy Island, two days after the capture of Theller and Dodge. In June the Americans destroyed the British steamer Sir Robert Peel, and the " alfair of the Short Hills," Niagara, took place that month. Dr. Charles Duncombe commanded the Patriots of Oxford, Nor- folk and Middlesex. In November, 1837, a number of Kadicil? assembled at Oakland Village, and under Joshua G. Doan, liobert Anderson and Henry Fisher, the Yarmouth and Bayham men marched to join him. The London, Woodstock and Siincoe militia and all the militia of the Province were sent forward against them, so that at Scotland Village Duncombe disbanded, and each member of his force fled to the United States or returned home. The men who returned to their homes were arrested and lodged in jail at London, Simcoe or Hamilton, to await trial. It is related by Robert Summers that, in a fight in London Township, east of the Proof Line, a family of San- borns attacked a Waterloo soldier named William Tweedy, and in the scuffle one of the Sanborns bit oil' the whole of his under lip. He wrapped the piece in ))a])er and went to Dr. Duncombe, who was then staying with liis brother-in-law, Henry Schenick. The Doctor caught a rooster, cut out of its breast a piece to coiTespond with that taken out of Tweedy's lip, and stitched it in, and with the exception of no beaixl growing there aud a little stiftness and swelling, it appeared as COUNTY OF MIPDLKSEX. 105 lev which st to rush (if ITprKi" mada M- i-ked him- leojile ai»d 'he Family ;ower, with rifly-one )ts. Under ts held the by Colonel lined with :re repulsed, •ed and ten ig them was iurin<; which leader, iito, but they house is said erwards kept estroyed by a , and in this Adelaide, had )ts abandoned d Dodj^e. Tu Robert Teel, "tiat mouth. Oxford, Nov- of Uadiciil? ^)oan, Robert men marched and all the , so that at . of his force who returned .on, Simcoe or [uers that, in a ;x,nily of San- ily, and in the luder lip. He who was then Doctor caught i that taken jption of no appeared as good as the original lij) ; but did .«ot prove so useful, as Tweedy never afterwards could play the fife. When the false reports of Mackenzie's success drew forth to arms the Reformers of the London District, Duncombe sunnnoned the volun- teers to meet him at Scotland village, and two days later, when he learned of Mackenzie's defeat, asked them to disband and disperse. Sackrider, a veteran of 1812, opposed this proposition, and suggested that the men of Middlesex, Oxford, Brant, and adjoining counties, should withdraw to the ])ine forests of Dorchester and Burford, and there make a stand against Col. MacNab's militia. This proposition was also voted down and the last hope of the Patriots disappeared ; for was Sackrider's advice taken the splendid yeomanry of all tlie country would flock to Liberty's standard and win against all odds. In the dispersion that followed, Duncombe was not the least to sufl'er. For a month he was concealed in Mrs. Schenick's house, near London. She was his sister, and made every efibrt to secure his safety from the jiolitical bloodhounds who were seeking for him. His final escape was due to Charles Tilden, then residing near Amher,stburg. He went to see his friend in the winter of 1838, and found him liid in a hay-loft ; a suggestion to escape was received coldly, but on Tilden pointing out the Doctor's round face and showing how easily he could escajjc in woman's costume ; he accepted the plan. All the forces of the Tory j)arty, aided by the Grand River Indians, were hunting for him, and reward ollered for his head, so that great care had to be exercised. Duncombe dressed himself in his sister's clothes and sitting beside her in Tildeu's wagon, was driven by the owner into Micliigan, where he stood a freeman on a free soil. At Maiiiie City the people soon learned that another refugee was among them, and with all the good intentions of the Americans, they urged him to address the crowd before taking off his female apparel. This he acceded to, and there- after became a favorite physician wherever he located in the States. Col. L. A. Norton, sj.-eaking of the afliairs of 18;!7-8, and of the times in which he and other Westminster men were captured by the English party, says : — " I learned that Col. Maitland, of the 3l'nd Infantry, then guarding London, was to marcii down to Delaware, while another commcand, with military stores, was to reach London next morning. He learned, that after Col. Maitland would leave, only tliirty raw recruits would hold the village, and devised the plan of having his uncle David assemble the Scotch on Westminster street, make a night attack, and release the prisoners and capture London. At this time his uncles were at the head of four hundred Patriots, but they could not do anything toward carrying out the ))lans. The village was in a fever. Scouts were sent out, but were afraid to go out of sight of the settlement. They would retire to some secluded ])lace, and ride their horses until they would get them in a ))erfect foam; then come rushing in and report the rebels surrounding all sides of the Union. Another would come in and report them nearer. 106 HISTORY OF THE At last they got them within three miles of the town, when Hugliey (or Howey), the Turnkey, came into the room wliere the prisoners were, saying, ' 1 would give SlOO for an axe to cut down the bridge.' The rebels had taken or hidden all the axes. People were hastily packing up and leaving. The Tory magisti-ates had left, and it was reported that should the prisoners be blown u]>, as the magistrates had ordered them to be, not a man, woman or child in London Avould be left alive by the Patriots. Citizens were appointed to call on the English officer commanding to revoke the blowing-uji order, and he acquiesced in their prayer. During the excitement, Mrs. O'Brien rushed in, saying 'They are coming! They are coming! and they dare not blow you up. I heard them say so.' The whole fact was, that a number of Indians advanced from Maiden, and exaggeration converted them into a largo rebel army. Mrs Anna Burch was the groat rebel spy, and thoii' doctress." Col. Norton was taken down with fever while in prison, and sent to the hospital, where Dr. Thomas Moore, the tall Irishman, attended him, and saved him. James Watson died. The jail then was in a fearful condition, but the excitement which seized on magistrates, officials and soldiery, added to the threats of blowing uj) the jail and i)risoners, withdrew much attention from the sttite of the rooms, and kept men in health, who, without this excitement, would die there. On Nov. 12, 1837, L. A. Norton joined Jo.shtia Doane's Spartan dangers, at Sparta, in Yarmouth. A little skirmish ensued, in which Norton was wounded, and next morning he found that his friends had disappeared, except Benj. T. Smith. Near Durham Forge, both were arrested and brought to Simcoe jail, where Harring- ton and Sturge were imprisoned by John Burwell, whose escajje ho aided in. On being re-anested, he was imprisoned at London, where Mrs. Parks, the jailor's wife, Mrs. Dennis O'Brien and Mrs. Alvero Ladd, sisters, were friends to him, Ladd being then in prison. Tiial and Execution of Patriots. — On January 9, 1838, the Grand Jury of the District was discharged owing to the progres.s of the rebellion. On April 10, 1838, the Quarter Sessions Court was held in the school house, owing to the fact that the trial of persons charged with high treason was being carried on. This school-house now stands in the Court House Square, just west of the Eegistry Office. Dr. E. A. Theller, commander of the Patriot schooner Anne, wa.i taken prisoner, tried, sentenced to transportation for life, but escaping, returned to serve the cause in which he first embarked. On his second capture he was carried to London, Canada, where he vi^as hanged in 1838, with Henry Anderson, who claimed to be an American. While W. W. Dodge, a third of Tlieller's party, is said to have Ijeen hanged subsequently in 1838, but there is no record to point out such execu- tion. In September, 1838, Samuel H. Parke took from the jail, of which he then had charge, Cornelius Cunningham, Joshua Gillean Doane, Amos Pearley and Albert Clark, and placed them in the dock for trial on i Judge, was a as he wanted manner; had them. They this sentence from which J( Job and Enos l>"t there is I'rior to that Salter was a m and executive i •juilt tlie court tlie room below amuse themscl prisoner was ^ Crazy Cy, Phj] Curtiss, who, wl entirely of a leo I)i-.Kolph,i the House for t while Elias Mooi from Oxford, aiic Samuel Louii 26, 1838, before April 12, 1838, v was alsosentenc not guilty. Elias . The trouble Minded men, the greater number ti by Loitl Durham that the ])eople ca were he here he \ GontemjX)rmi 2s. 6d. ai-e chargec five days' attendai drawnig calendar. McNutty, Phipps, p ,i° September, r. McManus, not guiity ; amounted Jchemagin, Peter ^"ig. a colored be were sentenced tf not lianged. Davi AUeu Hamilton an COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 107 1 Hugbey nevs were, loe.' Tlie y packing 3 reported id ordered left alive rlish officer [uiesced in in, saying ow you up. of Indians nto a largi^ , and their B in prison, 1 Irishman, he jail then li seized on blowing np the state of i excitement, lined Joshua ttle skirmish ng he found ^ear Durham lere Harring- )se escape he ,ondon, where Mrs. Alvero son. 9, 1838, the ffogress of the rt was held in ■rsons charged ,ol.house now istry Office. er Anne, was but escaping, On his second Was hanged in trican. While been hanged it such execu- the jail, of Joshua Gillean em in the dock for trial on the chu'Tf of high treason. John Wilson, subsequently Judge, was appointed to defent- them, a task very obnoxious to him, as he wanted all rebels hanged. He defended them in a very formal manner ; had not one word to say in extenuation of the charge against them. They were sentenced to be hanged, and on January 14, 1839, this sentence was carried out, the scatl'old being the same as the one from which Jones was hanged in 1868. At the Fall Assizes of 1838, Job and Enos Scott were also sentenced to be hanged on October 27th, but there is no account of this sentence being carried into eilect. Prior to that time a dctaclmient of the London militia, of which Dr. Salter was a member, took a iuuid)er of prisoners before the Governor and executive officers. Among the men in jail was Wm. Hale, who built the court-house. He relates that the military guard occupied the room below where some of the prisoners were confined, and would amuse themselves by firing bullets up through the floor. Another prisoner was John Grieve. Among the Government scouts were Crazy Cy, I'hilo Hennett, a retired Methodist preacher, and Cyrus Curtiss, who, wliile ran.sacking the county for rebels, did some acts not entirely of a legal character. Dr. Rol])h, Dr. Duncombe and David Gibson were expelled from the House for the part tliey had taken in the troubles of 1837-8, while Elias Moore, a (.^)uaker member from Middlesex, liobert Alway, from Oxford, and Dr. Momson were i)ut in prison. Samuel Lount and Peter Matthews were tried at Toronto, March 26, 1838, before Justice liobinson, and were sentenced to be hanged April 12, 1838, whicli sent(;nce was carried out. John ^lontgomery was also sentenced to death, but escaped. Dr. Morrison was found not guilty. Elias Moore and liobert Alway were released under bonds. The trouble of 1837 ended with the execution of many noble- minded men, the banishment of others to Bermuda and the exile of a greater immber to the United States, but in 1849 amnesty was offered by Loixi Durham and several returned ; Durham making the statement that the people called rebels were the most loyal in Canada, and that were he here he would be a rebel. Contemporai'y Memoranda. — On July 11, 12 and 14, 1838, £16- 28. 6d. are charged for bringing up prisoners for trial and sentence, for five days' attendance on Court, summoinng jury, advertising (^ourt and drawing calendar. The names of the defendants as given are : — McNutty, Phipps, Wright, Donnelly, and others. In September, 1838, the Clerk's expenses incurred in the trial of P. McManus, not guilty; P. Acres, not guilty; D. S. Cummings, not guilty ; amounted to £3 23. 6d. His expenses on the trial of Jacob Schemagin, Peter Mishler, Hamilton, Job and Enos Scott, David King, a colored boy, amounted to £4 10s. Od. Job and Enos Scott were sentenced to be executed October 27, 1838; but they were not hanged. David King to three motiths in jail ; Jacob Schemagin, Alien Hamilton and Peter Mishler to one year in Penitentiary. Ben. 108 HISTOIiY OK THK West and Wra. Gibson were discharged, and Jiimos Woods allowed out on bail. Many of tlie men named were held fur the political crime of the i)eriod — seeking responsible government. Lemlimj Men in fhe Diuma of lS,i7. — John Rolph, born in England in 179:^, ciime to Canada with his father, Dr. Thomas Rolph, about 1811, and served against the Americans during the war of 1812 until taken ])risoner to Batavia, N.Y. On his release, he returned to England and studied law and medicine. Rejoining his parents in ('anada, lit; .soon settled in Charlotteville Township, near Vittoria, and in 1821 was admitted to the Primitive Law Circle of the Province; became Col. Talbot's lawyer, and later the founder of the Talbot Anniversary of Settlement, the first reunion being held in 1817. Notwithstanding his English sympathies, common justice urged him to cast oil' Talbot's patronage and timi toward the cause of the people. In 1824 ho and Captain John Matthews were returned to Parliament on the Reform ticket. The latter was a retired artillery officer of twenty-seven years standing, who had also been a convert to Reform. In 1836 Rolph delivered his celebrated speech against the English Church reserves ; but when the hour came when men should face the cannon for justice' sake, Mr. Rolph appears to have deserted the physical force men and allied himself to the moral force army and held aloof from the meeting of Oct. 10, 1837, as held seven miles out on Yonge street. Allan ^hlcNab (baronet), born at Niagara in 1798, where his father was attached to Simcoe's staif, began the study of law in 1817 and admitted to the Bar in 1825. He was appointed the first Queen's Counsel in Upper Canada shortly after, and in 1829 he and John Wil-son were elected members for Wentworth, MacNab holding the •,iosition for three parliaments. He was a harsli opponent of the Patriots in 1837-8 ; was Speaker in the first Parliament after the UnioTi, and Premier from 1854 to 1856. In October, 1857, he retired, having been drop]ied by the astute John A. Macdonald. William Lyon Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1795, came to Canada in 1820. On May 19, 1824, ai>peared the Colonial Advocate, at Niagara. This took the bull by the horns and swung him around so unmercifully that the compact men destroyed the oftice in 1826 at Toronto, to which i)lace the office was removed. This act won new su])porters, and the Advocate continued until 1853, when the new press and ty])e were sold to Dr. O'Grady. In 1828 Mackenzie was elected by York to the Canadian Parliament. He was expelled, but elected and re-elected, until his power gave him a place. When the rebellion of 1837-8 did not succeed, he fled from his enemies, who weie hungry for his blood. On his return he was coldly received. In 1851 he defeated Geo. Brown, who ran on what was termed the Protestant ticket, in Haldimand, held this seat until 1858, and died in comparatively wretched circumstances at Toronto in August, 1861. George Brown entered Parliament for Haldimand County in 1852, 'intil .s liical p •'qually 1837-8 Robe (who cf the stud of the I kenzie. system c '■" 1840, leader of owing to saw the tJied in IJ Eranc: "1 1832, elected to of the U; solved thi Riddle, bu ''oU was g oil the reti He visited Mtish G resigned, 1885. Malcol 'egiment, 1808. Hi Perth, the . at Monti-ea through U .^PPer Can. m 1850, me I seat he held I John g liaphael, in I Draper's offi I 'Apposed Fan I elected withi peneral in COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX. 109 1 allowed ical crime born in las RolpVi, ar of 1812 •etnrued to parents in ittoria, and } Province ; tl^e Talbot 1 in 1817. rged him to the people. ) Parliament vy officer of rt to Kefonn. the English ,ould face the deserted the rce army and ven miles out (lere his father in 1817 and first Queen's he and John lb holding the iM.nent of the [lent after the ,r)7,he retired, 1179'), came to ]vAal Advocate, L \um around so lice in 18-26 at lis act won new Lhen the new Klackenzie was ' expelled, but Ice Wben the Is enemies, who ly received. 1" ^as termed the J5«, and died m lugust, 1861. Ijounty in loo- defeating Wra. Lyon Mackenzie. In the days of the Double Shuffle he and Dorinii formed a Ministry which had a four-days' life, when the Conservatives returned to power. He entered the Coalition tloverninent, made up for the purposes of Confederation, but later resigned. In 1873 he was called to the Senate, in which he served until shot by Bennett in March, 1880. He was a powerful figure in liical politics, politically broad, and, as his star was ambition, he was fr he married Margaret, daughter of Hishop Cronyn, of London In 1807 he entered the political tieid, was elected member for West Durham (the same which he represented in 1886), while South Bruce sent him to th(! Local I'arliament, where, in 1869, he succeeded Archibald McKellar as leader of the Provincial Opyiosi- tion. In 1871, when Sandfield Macdonald's (Coalition Government was overthrown on Mackenzie and Blake's resolution of want of contidence, Mr. Blake was ni)]iointed President of the Reform Council. When dual rei)Ve.sentation was abolished hi; held his seat in the Canadian House anil aided in tiie downfall of Sir John Macdonald's Ministry, being rewarded by a niembershiji in Mackenzie's Cabinet. From 1875 to 1877 he was Minister of Justice, and in the latter year became President ol' the Council. After Mackenzie's defeat lie was? leader of the Opposition. In 1878 he was defeated in South Bruce, but in 1 879 elected by West Durham. Alexander Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1822, came to Canada in 1842, when, for some years, he worked at his trade of stone-mason, and establisluMl the Ldynbton Hhkkl in 1852, which h(^ conducted for two years. In 1861 he was elected by Lambton (Jounty ; and, from the Union of 1867 until 1873, he was the leader of the Keform party in the House of Commons. In 1873 he was called by Lord Dnll'erin to form a Government. From Decemlwr, 1871, to October, 1872, he was Treasurer in Blake's Ontario Ministry, meanwhile taking a full part in military and business affairs. The constitution of the Legislative Council of Canada, prior to the approval of the 19 and 20 Vict.,Ca)). 140, comprising Crown-nominated members solely, was changed by that act, so that the Council would consist of the existing Councillors, who would be life members, and forty-eight elective members, the term for each being eight years, candidates being British subjects of the age of thirty years or more, residents of Canada, and possessors of £2,000 worth of real property. Of the forty-eight Council Districts, twenty-four were apportioned to Upper Canada. Lambton County and the West Riding of Middlesex formed the St. Clair Electoral Division or (Jouncil District, and the East and West Ridings of Elgin, the City of London and the Etist Riding of Middlesex, the Malahide District. The plan of election of Councillors by Districts was a peculiar one. A drawing of places by lot was an-anged, and on July 15, 1856, this drawing placed St. Clair Electoral Division in the third group, and Malahide in the fourth group — the former electing in 1860, and the latter 1862, under the act as proclaimed July 16, 1856, Geo. T. Goodhue was not a candidate for Parliament; but, in 1846, 112 IIISTOHY OF TIIK was !i])j)oiiite(l by the (Jovonmiont at Kingston to a seat in tlui Le<,'islativo Council. In ]iolitics he was a follower of Haldwin and Lafontainu, and in those days culled a Keformer. His appointment was due as much to his prominence as an old resident and a man of means as to any previous connection with political affairs ; for in such matters he had never shown any especial interest, or taken any active part. One anecdote of his appointment is worth relatinji;. It is a little incident which trans])ired at a missionary meetinr,', and which broii^Iit him in very mucli favor with the Wesleyan Methodists, a body in strong numbers at London at the time. The occasion was an extraordinary one in the church, and distinguished speakers from Toronto and other parts were jne.sent, among thorn Jlev. Wm. liyerson and I'eter Jones, the Indian missionary of the Mohawks. Mr. Goodhue consenttsd to preside over the meeting, and during an appeal made by I'eter Jones, who was eloquent and witty, he emjjtied the contents of a well-lined purse upon the table. This act of generosity was so much ajjpreciated by the people as.sembled, and the heads of the meeting, that the next morning they drew up a formal jiclition to the Govermuent, asking for Mr. Goodhue's a])pointment to the office of Councillor, and his nomination was confirmed over Messrs. Keefer, of Niagara, and Simeon Washburne, of Hallowell, whose names were also brought forward. Mr. Goodhue retained his seat in the Legisla- tive Council until the passage of the Act of Confederation, at which time, and for four years previously, his gi'owing infirmities prevented his attendance at the Hou,se. During his parliamentary career he wa.s never distinguished as a speaker, yet his counsel was always sought and valued, as being that of a man of sound judgment and consistent views. Elijah Leonard, a native of New York State, and one of the most useful residents of Canada, established a foundry at St. Thomas in 18o4, and one at London in 1838. He represented the Malahido division in the Legislative Council from 1862 to 1867, defeating H. C. K. Becher. In the latter year he was commissioned a Dominion Senator, under the B. N. A. Act. In March, 1874, Nathaniel Cin-rie introduced a bill into tlu' Legislature which provided for female suffrage and the representation ■of property according to its value. The main clauses were : — 1st. That in municipal elections and votes on by-laws creating debts real {)ro])erty shall be the basis of the franchise, and parties shall have dual or plural votes according to the value of their pro])erty. 2nd. Women of full age, subjects of Her Majesty, with the ])roper propeity (juali- fication, shall have a right to vote at such elections Tlie Farmers' Sons Franchise Act was passed by the Ontario Assembly in 1877. In May, 1885, the question of giving the Indians of Upper and Lower j ■Canada and the Alaritmie Provinces tlie right of voting was endorsed j by Dr. Oronhyatekha, of London, himself an Indian. Each of these! important questions were discussed both in and out of rarliameut, ami H-itI /'lac r nieni of M\ ••"id 7. "/■ l\u l^orcli West , •'''lalj o and K/, the t,)w sex Hhii McGiJIi f^'ican a Taki political The fi,r,„ J^"phenii«. Adelaide., .iio.sa Kkfrid'" •Metcalfa. ' '•'encoe. H^ard-vilJe ^Westminster tobo. . Pe'aware' ' Caradoc. Refo: irm ,._, 2^'e bill I a»d not deal! J,, ^he firs JeagJey. cj nirJianients I ^"^«h, Dune COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 113 ftt in the tiwiu an" noiniuient I a luan ot fov in such any active vy. It ia a and wliich [cthodista, a ^sion was an vaUevs fvoui ^,u. Vvyevaou uiwks. M»- iuyr an avl>»^'^^ of .'enevosity e b^vds of tVv. K-tition t') tlH> , t\ie otlice ot ssvs. Kecfev, o ,e names weu , in the \.eg^8\a- ration, at nvIucU nitics vi-evented [it and consistent one of the niosl «t Tiionias m Ld the Malain^J ]ifi7 defeatuAg n. fned a Donunvou I a bill into t\u' Ihe repveseutatjo Iveating f ^^^^ u^ Ips shall have dual levvvop^'^'^y'l^^'^;. Ins The Vavniei^ |ns * ,^77 lu * Uvpev and i.o>\e Lii\vas endors«»l| n Eivch of theso ■ of i'arliameut, au^ with tlic oi'i<4nial bills subjected to soino material iinien(hnents, were jilaccil on tho statute honks of the Dominion. The Kcdislrihuti.in Bill of 1882 i.rovided that the County of Middlesex Im; divided into four Kidin<;s, each of which to return a niemher to the Houseof Commons ; that tlie South Ridinf,' of the County of Middlesex shall eonsist of the townships of Westminster, Camdoc and Lobo ; that (he Kast l{idint» of the County of Middlesex shall consist of the townshij)S of London, West Nissoiu'i, N'ortli Dorchester, South Dorchester, and the town of London East and the villages of London West and Springfield ; that the West Kiding of tla; County of Middlesex shall consist of the; townships of Adelaide, Metcalfe, Mosa, Eu]ihemia and Ekfrid, and th(i villages of CJlencoe, Newbury and Wardsville, and the town of Strathroy ; that the North Kiding of the County of Middle- sex shall consist of the townships of East Williams, West Williams, McGillivray, Hiddnlph and Stepiam, and the villages of Ailsa Craig, Lucan and I'arkhill. Taking the geiieral election of September 17, 1878, as a basis, the political status of the new Electoral Divisions would be as follows. The figures denote the respective majorities in each j)recinct : — Kuphemia . . Adelaide . . . Mosa Kkfrid .... Metcalfii. . . Strathroy . (tlencoe. . . Wardsville Newbury . . WEST MIDDLESEX. Conservative. 30 Ueform. IS .".3 u 16 NURTII MIDDI.EMEX. Cotmervatlve. Ste|ihon McOillivray 128 Hiddulph 211 We8t Williams 4 East Williams Parkhill 34 Ailsa Craig Liicau Ueform, 73 102 »■<> aOt'TII MIDDLESEX. Westminster Lobo Delaware . . . , Caradou 217 Ueform. 23S ■-'51 12 61 EAST MIDDLESEX. London Township. West Nissouri . . . . North Dorchester. South Dorchester. London East CouKorvative. 268 61 33 \r,H Reform. Reform majority 562 London West. 362 6 7 11 24 The bill provided for the establishment of the South Riding, but did not deal with London City. The first representatives, of what now constitutes Middlesex District, in the old Parliament of 1816. were Messrs. Wilcox and Beagley. Col. Mahlon Burwell and John Uostwick served in two Parliaments, 1820 to 1824, and in 1825-6 the London District was re])resented. Dr. John Rolph, Capt. John Matthews, Francis L. 1 Walsh, Duncan McColl, Thomas Horner and Charles IngeisoU, the two 114 HISTOUY OF THK firet named leineseiiting Midi'V'sex. In 1828 Rolph and Matthews were le-elocted. Mahlon Br well opposing, his platform being to remove the court-house to St. Thomas. (Japt. Matthews, who in 1830, went to England to lay the state of the country before Parlia- ment, asserted that no one who did not endure it could understiind the rascality of the Government. Trior to 1830, L'a])t. Matthews visited Toronto. He found a band there who could neither play God Save the King nor Itule Ihitannia, but could play Yankee Doodle. On striking this air one man called for hats oil', but Van Conant would not respond, Matthews advanced and knocked the hat across the room. He was tried for treason, but let oil'. The members of the House of Assembly from Jliddlesex and adjoining counties in ISol, were Mahlon Rurwell and Koswell Mount, Middlesex; Wni. lierczy, Kent County; \Vm. Elliott and Jean B. Macon, Essex Countv; Charles Ingersoll and Charles Duncombe, Oxford; 1). McColl and Wm. Wilson, Norfolk. In 1832 Ehas Moore and Thomas Parke were chosen to represent Middlesex, and re-elected in 1836. At this time a party fight took place at London, Levi .Merrick, a refornuir, flying from the Orangemen headeil by Matt. Coughhn and John O'Neii. Michael Shotl, Kobert Summers, jr., and other reformers carried their ])oiiits. The members of the House of Assembly irom Middlesex in 1839 were Thomas Park(i and Elias ^loore ; from London, Mahlon Burwell ; from Kent, Wm. McCrae and N. Cornwall ; from Es.sex, John Prince and Francis Caldwell. Thomas Parke, of Wicklow County, Ireland, who settled at Toronto ill 182U, and represented Mi(l(ll('s"x in the last two Parliaments of llp])er Canada, in 1S3'1, and on tlic lirst Parliament of the Province of Canada, in 1841, was the father of E. Jones Parke, of London. He died at St. Catliarincs in 18(i4. The election of lS4i was warmly contested, and party feeling ran so high, that on January 2;') a vio'ciiit attack on the houses of Col. Witherell, of tli(^ lloyal Fusilicr.s, and John Givens, a lawyer, was made — rocks and bricks being freely used. In Ftjbruiiry the Magis- trates ollercd ,£4U for inforniiitioii which would lead to tin; coiivictioi. of the guilty parlies in 1842, Ermatinger, of St. TIkjuuis, was selected, but his opponent, Wm Notman* jietitioned agahist i).is methods, un,seated him, and was himself elected. He was re-elected ♦The Convention of Oct. L', IS.^il, wiis organized with Adiiinsnn, of Lobo, presiding, and Holcroft Clemli, iSwietaiy. The deleuates present were : Township of L.(,ndoM— Wm. Hale, James Kerfruson and Nathan .lacoiis. Dunwich— Moses Willev. Southwold— Kobert Thomson and Colin Miinro. Uayhatn-John lOiliott. .lolin iSklnner iind Wm. Hatch. Yar mouth— HiiKh l)ou>rlas. Lino,i^alI NichoJi 'Ontario A,= '''emior, ''('Wan b\ COUNTY OF MF1)DI,ESF,X. 115 vlatthews being to , who ill 're Parlia- rsUnti the xvs visited God ^ave oodle. On lant would s the room. Idlesex and well Mount, ,iid .lean li- Duncombe, -Elias Moove nd re-elected .ondon, U'yi ed by Mi^'tt- liners, .^r., and the House ot Ue and Eh^s Wni. McCrae ncis Caldwell. Unl at Tovouto avliainents ol ot He 1\„. l»vi)vince^ liei London. vlY feeling ran liousea of Col a lawyer, was l,.,vv the Magis- tiie convictioi. Thomas, w'^'-* I iitfvinst I'ls xvasre-elected |l,obo,pre«ldln«:,»';f. I"" '*'T«o .iole^n'-'^ in 1847; but in 18.") 1 was defeated by Crowell Wilson, who repre- sented the united Counties of Elf^in and Middlesex until 1854. In 1853 Middlesex proper was divided into two representative districts, and in the elections of 1854 William Niles was elected for the East Kidiiio over his o]»])onent, Wm. Morton, while John Scjitcherd was chosen for the West Hiding over James Ferguson. In 1857 Scatchei-d was re-elected, but Marcus Talbot took Niles' place. It appears that shortly after tiie election of Marcus Talbot, in 1857, he visited Ireland and there was married. In returning, he w.as drowned on the shi]) Hungarian ; so that an election to fill the vacancy thus created in the East Riding was held, which resulted in sending IJobert Craik to Parliament. M. li. Portman followed Craik, a Reformer, and served until 1862-3, when Crowell Wilson was selected to represent the division — being elected and re-elected until 1872. In 1872, on the retirement of Crowell Wilson, David Glass, ('., and James Pwans, R., contested the East Riding, when tlie former was elected. In November, 1873, Mr. Glass opposed the leader of his party, and went before his constituency as an adherent of the Mac- kenzie-Scott or Ref; if they couldut u on a third mar, out pen or inK. I court would be 1 remenibi-r wa* 1827 all this, or ,,nd tlie Quarter ,„,ivc., doahngs " ,nethod of iviendl) n l1 arbitration began to wane; for in 1825 a log court-house or town meetinghouse was erected at Springbank, and in it Squires Springer and Ingersoll, and sometimes Col. Talbot and Capt. Matthews, held regular court. In the transactions of the Quarter Sessions Court of London District, a close summary of its proceedings from 1813 to 1842 is given. In fact, all the petty trials from 1813 to 1827, when the court was removed from Long I'oint oi' Vittoria to London, are given. The efirly records of the Assize Court are very irregular, and with few exceptions are of little use for historical purposes, up to the i)eriod when Col. Macbeth took possession of the(Jrown office here. It is a fact that of all the documents, which must have existed in 1838-9 relating to the trial of the Patriots, very few are to be found to-day. It might not he an exaggeration to assert that such records were intentionally destroyed or carelessly given away. The oldest record of the London District (.'ourt deals with the case of Alex. Ross vs. Itoliert Hindniun, in which a cujnas ad resj)oiulen- cbnn was issued, Feb. 3, 182.'i, for £13 currency. On March 24 the process was returned, when bail was entered. On March 27 an aflidavit was filed, and motion and order withdrawn ; on the 29th, a declaration was filed, and a motion for the discharge of the defendant, on filing a common a])peal and the bail bond to be delivered up, was granted. On March 31, a demurrer and notice of set-otV was tiled by J. Tenbroeck, plaintiff's attorney. The case of Richard L. Corkcroft vs. James Bell was presented by Attorney John Roljih, who found that the parties had .settled the claim for £3. The claim of Frederick Smith V. Samuel Mowrey was ju'escnted by Attorney Teidn'oeck, but tile only result .shown is the payment of two shillings and sixpence to .ludge Mitchell. L\dth's office, beariiijj the simple legend "1S23" on the back, tells hundreds of painful stories concerning tiio old debtors' prison. One exani])l(' will suffice. In October, 1822, Richard W. Drake threw John Anderson into jail for a debt of .£tj 5s., bail being refu.sed. In March, 1823, he was tried, and tht^ following jury returned a verdict for plaiiititt' : — VVm, Havens, Wm. I'otts, \Vm. White, Nathaniel White, Richard Marr, Cortlands Olds, I'enjaniin I^awn, .Asa Stevens, Levi Douglass, .lohn V>. Wheeler, Peter Wyckolf and Charles Gustin. On the 6th day of March, 182"), he was released, after a new trial, before another jury of " twelve good men and true." To those who can recollect the old vermin-haunted log jail nothing need be said of what the unfortunate Anderson must have suHered for this simple debt. The old jailor, long since gone to his eternal rest, ,saw many a wife shed tears at the cell door of an unha])]>y husband as he kissed the child he could not sup))ort, and would gladly have set him tree, but the stern law forbade. Among the im|)ortant cases brought before the first Assize Court at London, was the charge of horse stealing against Sovereign or Sovereen, in 1827 or 1828. Judge Macaulay sentenced him to death ; but the old law which would give the insulter of women only a few days or a few months in the common jail, while sentencing the horse thief to death, was falling gradually into disrepute, and so executive clemency was extended to this terribly vicious pioneer. The first murder case before the Quarter Sessions here was on Ajiril 14, 1831, when a bench warrant was issued to the High Constable for the arrest of Jared Sealey for murder. John Pbelan, of Oxford East, blacksmith ; Joshua H. Corbiu, of Norwich, and Wm. Haskel, of London, were witnesses. The man murdered was Jonathan Ki]i]). Owing to the fact that Sealey had friends on the bench, the prosecution of the charges was carried on without s])irit, and there is no record whatever to show that the case was ever presented to the Judge of Assize. In April, 1831, £100 were paiil Geo. Henry, Leslie Pearce and Henry Fox, for arresting C. A. lUirleigh for the murder of T. C. Pomeroy. Execution of Burh'Agh. — The first execution at London was that of Cornelius A. Burley or Burleigh, of Long Point. In 1830, us related in another chaiiter, he was charged with larceny. The war- rant for his arrest was placed in Constable T. C. Pomeroy's hands. The constable moved down on the home of Burleigh in Mayham, and with rough words and rougher gestures sought to scare Burleigh into instant surrender. Bmieigh's guilt was questionable, and this fticling with the irritation which an ignorant officer can sometimes cause, led to the act which culminated in Pomeroy's death. Burleigh shot and killed him. At that time men did not wait to consider what provoai- COUNTY 01'- MIDDLKSKX. 121 1 Teiibroeck look in Col. in the back, tors' prison. Dviike threw refused. 1" led a verdict e, Nathaniel Asa Stevens, .arles Gustin. [. a new trial, IV) those who ..ed he said of ,v this simiile t^ saw many a id as he kissed re set him tree, t Assize Court t Sovereii^u or d him to death ; leu only a few ;ucin'4 the horse ad so executive lere was on April ,h Constable for of Oxford East ^m Haskel, of Jonathan Ivipp- the Y.rosecuti "SI'- l)v Webster, leiul was over \u' points in discovered in him the day fvoin his head :)t' evidence. [oNviiship, Wi^;* Mavv Jones. ;i,n, while Ins i sons pointed nd tlieir uncle, ;idence of this ich led to liev .,;vvi\)lc fatliev, jjonitentiavy for ither, who was , being the last son presided at 861-5, Thomas ;u took over a Detroit under on some grave isappearaiice ui his neice, Mary oave a sigh of Jerer of Duncan :cmber 28, 1871. \\ a girl m the ■haracter of b's vable answer ; so It, ring and wed- left McVannell? ■n due, as he was le farmer two ov grutt' refusal anc nation, shot am [found guilty and more than thirty kl gathered in the knot was poorly aiianged and slipped around under the jaw, thus ending in a ten- minutes' terrible death struggle, as tlie neck was not broken, and strangulation ensued. The Assizes of March, 1872, was presided over by Justice Gait when the charge against I'lKebe Cain))bell for the murder of her husliand, George Campbell, of Nissouri, was presented, Kenneth lIcKenzie, Q.( '., prosecuted, with W. II. Mereditli and F. E. Cornish defending. The jury comjirised John IJobson and Henry Percival, l.iindon ; John Lumley, Ea.st Williams; John i\IcCollum, McGilli vray ; George Routledge, Wm. Martin, Westminster ; I'hillij) Kosser, Loho ; J. Newbeggin, Mosa ; J. C. Koss, West Williams ; Alex. Melntyre, Wardsville; Jolin Miiddimick, city, and Jolm Cary, of Biddnljih. In Mrs. Campbell's statement she accused Thomas Coyle of the murder, but ultimately declared her cousin, .John McWaiii, the I'uliirit. There were several witnesses examined, and on April (1 tiie jury returned a verdict of guilty. She was sentenced to bo liaiig(;d on .lune 20, and on that day the execution took ]ilace, the victim beuig attended by Keverends Canon I lines, George Kichardson, Dr. Coojk;!', Miss Mercer, Mrs. Osboriu! and the Jail .Matron. Execution of Sbnmoiis. — The trial of Ben. .'Simmons for the murder of Mary Anne Stokes, his paramour, was ojieiied Ifefore .lusiice Armour, at London, Sejttember 15, 1885. The criminal was defended by Jolm Taylor. The evidence was conclusive, and a verdict of guilty returned. Simmons was .sentenced to be hanged November 27, 1885, and was hanged on that date. He was born at Kilworth 37 years prior to lils execution, but when three years of age moved with his father to London Here the old gentleman conductetl a grocery store, and later kept a hotel on Queen's avenue, where now is the (Jlub House. The murderer served against the invaders of 18GG in the Harrietsville Com^iany. His s])iritnal attendants were Bisho}) Baldwin, Revs J. B. llichardson, Hicks and McGillivray. During the execution the janitor of the court-house was comiielled to toll the bell by the Sheritl', although it was not his duty. This task was a painful one for him, as he had known Simmons for years, in the tii'st place, and, in the other, any connection with such a thing so degrading as an execution was distasteful to him in the extreme. The trial and execution of ^lahon for his ])art in the McGillivray Itiagedy took ])lace at Godorich, thus saving Middlesex the expense Uid scandal of another hanging. The allairs of 18o7-ass and assault A mildewed, moth-eaten scraj) of pa))er shows, in faded hfind- writing, that on the 21st of July, 181-10, Jeremiah Thomas was con- victeii of petty larceny, and sentenced as follows : — " To be put in the .stocks for one hour this day, and one hour next Wednesday, and to remain in the yn'ison for the term of ten days." Joliii liadford, found guilty of indecent assault, was sentenced by Judge Elliot to five months' imprisonment, and to receive twenty lashes of the cat-o'-nine tails, .May G, 1870. The crime was committed in London townshi]!. The wlii])ping took place on May 20th, the exe- cutioner, wearing the same mask which the negro who hanged Thomas Jones wore, bound liadford to the whipping post and applied the lash. tieorge iJaker was jniljlicly whipped in the jail-yard 1V)V his assault on Mrs. Penny, .April 8, 1878. His second twenty lashes were aiiplied later, and after two months' imyn-isonnuuit in the Jail he was sent to the Central Prison for twenty two months, in accordance with the sentence of Justice Wilson. In September, 1879, an Indian, Josiah Doxtater, received twenty- five lushes from James Fee, of the 53rd Infantry, the same who whipped Baker. The sentence was imposed by Judge Elliot. The Spring Assizes of 18.~)1 closed in February. The convictions and sentences are listed as follows : — James S. Mason, murder, to be . executed on the 5th of November. Patrick Malone, larceny, three months' hard labor. Henry Waters, Aisdemeanor, six weeks hard larbor. John Hill, larceny, two mmiths hard labor. Talbot Chief, an Indian, misdemeanor, two months. Susannah Jaajues, larceny, six ' cat " near o sec ])Uii- were filled ere was no and that is iiifrei', who ial piece of [ of some Levin in the wore con- heir niiked loraas Fitz- ceny. The nraent, and in October, (I guilty of :h " to stand jlic square." )ck3 for two faded hand- jas was con- put in the sday, and to entenced by kventy lashes )rumitted in )th, the exe- ,'ed Thomas led the lash. his assault ishes were lil he was irdance with ved twenty- same who iot. convictions urder, to be I'ceny, three weeks hard jot Chief, an larceny, six XT' X o u H txi W W O o I— I ■ CO o 111 ^^m a miiw ^^B H iliPL 1 K i mm fll m ] I I B A M St M da po: sen COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 127 iiKiiiths' hftvd liilxtr. Charlotte Biioha^}», nuisaiioe, three months' hard labor. .Idhii Fowler, larceny, one week's hard labor. John Fowler, second indictment, three years in Provincial Penitentiary. Talbot Chief, second indictment, two months. James McMahon, larceny, four months. Robert Soper was convicUid of coining money, in Nov. 1858 ; Esau Rcid of horse stealing, and Samuel Douglass of robbery; Donald McKay, Ksther Richmojid and Kobort Murray of larceny. The stocks, which stood in front of the court-house, became very unpo]>ular about 1832, and Henry Groves, then High Constable, took the frames down to tht! river and pitched them in. On one occasion there were two men in the stocks for st<;aling turkeys, and the curious ])eo]»le when gathered thercf or in passing the culprits, themselves made a noise such as a heti turkey calling her brood around would make. .John McTiOUghlin, the wrecker, a powerful Irishman, who was an early shoemaker here, came down to the stocks one day. Seeing tlic turkey stealers in the ugly frames, he asked Peter Schrara : "Arrah, Peach, what are you doin' witli these poor devils here." Schram responded, telling the cause, but McLoughlin kicked out the wedges, determined to set the prisoners free. Schram cautioned him saying : " If you do not behave yourself, John, you'll get there yon:-- self," while Sherill' Rai)elje, who was near, approved Constable Schram's warning. McLoughlin saw the point and walking away said, " SherilV, punish the men decently, but don't make a show for the whole town." Other THals. — On November 9, 1858, Catharine Graham was brought to trial on the charge of murder. Among the witnesses were Dr. Henry Hanson, Dr. Moore, Margaret McClennan, Alex. Graham, Walter Sparkman, Isabella Huel, Jane McKellar, Chester Graham and Margaret Fyfe. The jury returned a verdict, "guilty of concealing child's birth," recommended her "to the mercy of the Court," and she was sentenced to one month's confinement in jail. The trial of John Harding for murder was heard Nov. 11, 1858. The jury comprised Henry Fitzsimons, Charles Armstrong, John B. Elsou, John Weir, Wm. Neal, Angus Grant, Wm. Lee, Richard Haskin, David Baskerville, John Burgess, John H. liurgess and Robert Fox. The witnesses called were Samuel Pope, Ellen Glass, Ann McGuire, Robert Kennedy, John Wilson, Dr. Alex. Andei-son, Wm. Coote, Dr. Charles G. Moore, T. Van Vaulkinburgh and Emma Storey. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty." The verdict in the poisoning case, which resulted in the death of Mrs. Atkinson, was that on the night of Dec. 31, 1858, the old lady's daughter-in-law, Mrs. Sophia Margaret Atkinson, administered the poison. Long, who brutally murdered his wife in 1859, for which he was sentenced to death, had the punishment changed to imprisonment for 9 128 HISTOUY OF TUB life in May that year. Mr. Norris, who suggested the petition for clemency, resided at London. The sentence of death against convict McDiarniid was also removed. Rev. A Christophorson, to whom tlie culprit confessed his crime, niad(! a strong ellbrt for reprieve. In December a boy named John Cain, of Biddulph, killed William Cahalan, of the 11th concession. On Juro 19, 1860, William Vallier shot Mrs. Kirslake at his home on Governor's Road. In the formal trial, H. C. R. Becher defended. A neyro named Mason choked his wife to death at their home on Clarence street, near Simcoe street, Sept. 19, 1867. The Francis tragedy, at the Ivy Green Tavern, near Westminster bridge, was enacted Sept. 24. In June SlOO were ofl'ered by the city for the apprehension of the notorious burglar known as " Slijipery Jack." In March, 1869, Justice Wilson presided over Lhe Assize Court. At this time the Emma Snowdon murder case was presented. Owing to the illness of the Judge, court adjourned. Judge Hughes, of St. Thomas, presided over tlie Assizes by special commission. At this time the charge against William and Thomas Jones for complicity in the murder of Mary Jones was dismissed. Emma Snowdon, charged with the muiJer of her four-year-old son in December, 1868, at her home in McGillivray, was declared insane by Dr. Hobbs, and the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, although Mrs. Smith testilied beyotm doubt to having seen the deed committed. Dr. W. D. Potts, well- known in London in 1866, was indicted before a Wisconsin jury on the charge of murdering his wife in June, 1869. In May, 1870, a coroner's jury found Mary Springstead guilty of murui:",'iiig her infant. The girl settled at London in 1863. T.ie Fall Assizes of 1872 were presided over by .Justice Haggarty, Tl'.omas Boyle was indicted for the murder of Campbell. David Glass defended md won for his client a verdict of " not guilty." 11. S. Finlay was murdered in Sombra in May, 1874, as it was alleged, by his wife, Anne, and her paramour, Willi.am Heiny Smith, a former resident of London, who previously was tried for the murder of old pensioner Dunn, at Clark's Bridge. In Novemljcr, 1 874, after the hearing of the case Beltz v. Molsons Bank, the Judge of Assize, under a law then new, presented three questions to the jury on which they were to bring in a verdict. Beltz was represented by Mr. Rock, and the Bank by Queen's Counsel Harrison. The jury answered the first question negatively, and the other three questions affirmatively, when the Judge declared the verdict in favor of the Bank. Several jurymen at once cried out that their views were in favor of the plaintiH', and that in answering the questions they intended to give a verdict for the plaintiff ; but the Judge was inexorable, notwithstanding Mr. Rock's objections. The murder of Patrick Monaghan, of Warwick, who settled there COl'NTY OF MIDDLESEX. 129 Assize Court, nted. Owing ugUes, of ^t. iion. At tins complicity i» wdon, c\uir ,ted he was given' 3S of London jveu 1 was arrested lot • Mv. Hutchiiison^ ■^\he British r^u'M Government ot ini | woman of CaiJisW > aird her husbam u'd that the lUUtJei the luea"'' being Nvciel imes Graham iu December, i> Meredith. Gralwi mill T. W. Can'others, both prisoners. Colin McDougall and J. B. UlcKillop prosecuted. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty," giving the prisoners the benefit of doubts. Kufus Eldridgo, a fanner of Westminster, was stabbed and killed in September, 18H4. The Coroner's jury returned a verdict of wilful inui'der against Harry Lansett, and made Edward Nolty accessory before the fact. Lansett was tried in November. He was defended by A. J. B. Macdonald and John Taylor, while W. 11. Meredith conducted the case for Nolty. The jury found tlie prisoner guilty of iis.sault. He was sentenced to four years' imjM'isonment. On June 24, 1884, George Hall was charged with causing the death of Charles Breden's child, through gross ignorance in treating it. His trial took place in Noveml)er. He was defended by W. ]{. and E. Meredith, and acipiitted — his friends in the court-room cheering until Judge Wilson checked them. In November, 1884, George McCabe was tried for poisoning Aim McCabe, his wife, on April 2(), in Westminster Township. Colin McDongall ]n'osecuted for the Crown. W. 11 andE. Meredith defended the prisoner. The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty." in June, 1884, Albert E. Wri<,'htman was found guilty of robbing James Campbell's store at lona, and was .sentenced to eight years iu the Kingston Penitentiary. T. W. Carrothers defended him. In ^lay, 1885, the celebrated case of Charles Hutchinson, Clerk of tlie Peace, vs. Josiah Blackburn, of the Free Press, was presented by Colin jMcDougall, of St. Thomas, ^lessrs. Osier and I>ayly repre- sented Blackburn. The libel complaiived of was the editorial in the Free Press of Dec. 1.5, 1884, headed "Blind-folded Justice." The jury returned a verdict of " not guilty." The Winter Assizes of 1885-6 were presided over by Justice O'Connor. In the O'Coniiell cases vs. Bishop nahlwin and others, W. Nesbitt lepresented the plaintitT, and W. R. Meredith the defendants. The cases were settled on the phiintifl' withdrawing all claims to the assistant-pastorate of the Chapter House. It ap})ears Mr. O'Connell was arrested at the instance of the Wardens, when about to enter his pulpit, and jjlaced in jail. He in turn proceeded against the authorities, when all charges against his character were withdrawn, and his salary paid. The trial of George Dinginan for manslaughter was heard before Justict! Wilson in November, 1884. He was charged with causing the deatli of Claris.sa Ba.xter, August 22, 1883, by selling to her father ^njchnive, instead of the santonine, or worm medicine, which the father called for at the drug store where Dinuinan was emj Joyed, at Mt. Brydges. The evidence was so clear that the jury declared the prisoner guilty. He also was charged with causing the death of the wcond child, Rebecca A. Baxter, but aaiuitted. His sentence on the first charge was only six months in jail, but later he was discharged. In December, 1885, William Cooper, formerly of London, shot and 132 IIlSTOliV OK TllK killed his second wife, Dinah Knight, and then killed himself at McGregor, Man., some time before he sejiiu-ated from his first wife. When the neighi)ors came, the blood of husband and wife was frozen, and in it the bodies were imbedded until chopped out. The March Assizes of 1886 were presided over bj' Justice Rose. The only important trial was that of William Moncks for killing William Shrimpton, on the Hamilton road, February 24, 1886. It ap])ears the latter was driving by Monck.s* house, and, in the deliriimi oi' drink, kicked in a part of Moncks' door. The jury, of course, actiuitted the prisoner. Wm. C. Stinson, of London West, was arrested for the murder of his wife, Ajiril 21, 1887, but the charge was without foundation. On June 27, 1887, Coroner Smith and a jury cloised the enquiry into the death of Kalph Shaw, and held Waltcir Stevenson on a charge of wilful murder, .hine 18, 1887. Stevenson was defended by Edmund Meredith, (.). C, and ac()uitted. Charles and John Carroll, residing near Strathroy, in Caradoc, were anested on the charge of hanging .Mrs. .lane Carroll, Oct. 1, 1887. On Dec. 21 John Carroll was held for trial, and Charles discharged. A most revolting murder was brought to light Sept. 2o, 1888, in Adelaide township. The victim was Jonathan Robinsoti, an old and iuoli'ensive resident of the township, who lived by himself in a small frame house on the farm of Harris, second concession south, about four miles from Strathroy. He was an Englishman, a bachelor, and 73 years old. The circumstances surrounding the murder nw shrouded in mystery, as it was generally supposeil that Robinson was visiting in Michigan, he having informed several of his neighbors (liat he contem])lated such a trip, and was last seen alive on Sej)t. 13. Judges and Counsel. — On September 3, 1821, \V. Drummond Powell, C. J., signed the Clerk's certificate, and in 1827 Judge Shur- wood, who came here that year. The first acknowledgment by John JV Askin of receijits froTU fines made at London, was that of August y, 1827, before Judge J. I>. Macauley, of the Assize Court. James Macauley, .son of Dr. James Macauley, of the 3ord Infantry, was born at Niagara in 179o. In 1812 he joined the (llengary Fen- cibles; in 1822 was admitted to the bar, and in 182!) was ap])ointed .Fudge of (j)ueen's Hencli. In 1847 he was Chief Justice of Common Pleas, which office he hekl until liis retirement in 1856. He died in 185<». Miles O'liielly, so well known in the early days of London, was born at Niagara Falls in 1S06, and admitted to the bar in 1830. In 1837-8 he was one of Allan MacNab's "men of gore," who opjioscd tlu' Patriots at Montgomery's tavern. At the trial of the 106 jn'isoners, he volunteered to delentl the whole lot unaided, while the late Chief Justice Allan MacNab pros((cuted. Justice Macaulay ])residing. Adam Wilson, born in Scotland ii: 814; came to Canada in 1S30; studied law under R. B. Sullivan, and was admitted to the bar in 1839, xm entei'( foionto, 1)1 (J(>UN'IY OV MIDDLESKX. 133 In 1863 he Wras ajjpointed a Puisne Judge of the Queen's Bench, and the same year Judge of Common Pleas. In 1868 he was reappointed Judf,'e of Queen's Bench, vice Judge Haggarty, promoted, and in 1876 ("hicf Justice of Common Pleas. Judge Wilsou presided here over tlie Spring Assizes in 1873. John Hawkins Haggarty, born at Dublin, Ireland, in 1816, studied iit Trinity College, came to Toronto in 1834, and, studying under Geo. Duggan, was admitted to the bar in 1840. The Baldwin administra- tion created him Q. C, and in 18.16 he was appointed Judge. In 1868 he was appointed Chief J ustice of Common Pleas. John Wilson who died June .S, 1869, was born near Paisley, Scot- land, in 1809, and came out to this country when quite a lad with his fatlujr and other members of the family. His father was a Scottish yeoman, who went to Halifax with what was at that time called a venture of goods. Owing to the wreck of the vessel in which his ventm-e was, he lost all, and sometime .after settled as a farmer in the County of Lanark, near Perth. The son, John Wilson, passed his early days u])on the farm, and endured a full share of those hardships, which the early emigrants to Canada were obliged to face, and which they gallantly overcame. It was here that he formed those tastes which never left him, and ac(iuired the knowledge of farm life, that synijjathy which a farmer's lot and trials, which came so admirably to his aid in after days. Having contracted a disease of the chest, he was advised to leave the labor of the form, and thus it was that he hociune a school teaciher at Perth. He continued in this occupation for about three years, but, being of an ambitious temperament, and feel- ing, possibly, that he could turn his attention to other pursuits more pvdfitable to himself, he determined to study for the legal profession, and entered as a student in the office of James Boulton, now of Toronto, but who was then ])ractising at Perth. In those days Mr. Wilson was not blessed with any superfluity of means, and he had a hard struggle to eke out a sufficiency by which to support himself, and i)ay the fees incident to his jirofession. Among other exjjedients, he employed himself in keeping the books of a merchant, and when too poor to buy a candle, wo)dd lie down before the fire and pen the entries in his firm, Itold hand by the light of the blazing logs. He worked hard and studied hard, and .at least w.as .able to find himself, in si)ite of many difficulties and hardshi])S, the member of a ])rofession of wiiicli he became a leading ornament, succ(^eding in due time in obtaining one of those prizes, a judgeship, to which all yotnig lawyers look .as one of the ol)jects to be kept in view, and, if possible, attained Before he left Perth, however, to enter u])on a career i!i the west, a misfortune overtook him which caused him a life-long regi-et, and directed towards him .at the time not a little attention and sympathy. This was his (hiel with Robert Lyon, a gentleman who had been a friend of his own, and a member of the same profession. This took place in the early ])art of 1833. At that day duels were of frequent 134 HISTOUY OF THK occuiTonce, a mode uf avenging woiindod honor, which, if now gone somowhat out of date, was then recognised as a necessary usage of society among gentlemen. It is needless to dwell at length upon the cause of the ([uarrel, but the spirit in which Mr. Wilson entered u])on it may be imderstood when we say that it was in order to justify a lady of whom Mr. Lyon had spoken imjiertinently that led to the encounter. Mr. Wilson was the challenger, Simon llobinson acting as his second; H. Lelievre, a brother-in-law of the late Judge Small, performing similar duties for Mr. Lyon. They met at the a])])ointe(l time, just outside of the district of Bathurst, about thrtie-quarters of a mile from I'erth. Shots were exchanged without eil'ect, and so unused was either of them to pistol practice, and flint locks did duty in those days, that the seconds were under the impression that they might fire for some time before even a wound would be inflicted. It would have been well if the result had been as anticipated. After the first shot Mr. Robinson, Mr. Wilson's second, advanced and pre.soTited a ])a]ier to H. Lelievre. Upon unfolding and reading it, it proved to be a written apology and retraction of offensive words, which it was demanded that Mr. Lyon should .sign. Mr. Lelievre said that he could not consent to Mr. Lyon signing any such paper, but that he should read it for himself. The document was then handed to Mr. Lyon, who, when it had been read, threw it from him, saying that he would never sign it, and would " have another shfit first." Positions were then retaken, and on this occasion tiie bullet from Mr. Wilson's pistol entered Mr. Lyon's side just under the u])lifted arm, and ])ierced his lungs. To the consternation of all, Mr. Lyon fell on his face, dead. Thereupon Mr. Wilson and his .second I'eturned to I'erth, and gave themselves up to the authorities. They were detained in jail about i^ix weeks, when the Brock ville As.>!;izes came on, and they were tried before Chief Justice Kobin.son. Mr. Wilson defended him.self, and laying all the ftxcts before the jiu-y was unanimou.sly accjuitted, as was his second Much enthusiasm was shown on his behalf, not only on account of the matter thiit hid to the duel, but the manner in which he comported himself throughout ; and words of encouragement and offers of assist- ance came upon him from all sidcvs. In the autumn of the following year, 1834, he came to London, settled here, and commenced jaactice. At that time there weiv but two other members of the jjrofession here, and he soon drew around him many friends. In the summer of the following year, 1835, he married Miss Hughes, a .sister of Judge Hughes, of St. Thomas. From this time his rise was rajnd. The people found in him a man ])rompt in business, energetic in every cause he under- took, and most powerful before a jury. His eloquence was of the kind that has been called " unadorned," but it bristled with common sense, and was strong in those great Saxon words which express so much, and are comprehended so fully by tho.se with whom he had to do. He had no equal before a jury at the bar. He was thus widely COUNTY OF MIDDI-KSKX. 135 Rouglit after, and to secure his services in a doubtful case was as much as to say tliiit tlie cause was won ah-eady. His method before a jury was to simplify a case, bring it within their comprehension ; seize hold of the strong ])oints and press them home. With the subtleties of law h(! did not care to trouble them, but when a nice point came up for argument with the Court, he was found to be acute and well- infoniunl. In his ordinary business he was the client's friend. He discouraged litigation anil promoted amicable settlement, and many a ]H)or man has had to thank him for timely advice and caution, saving him from ruin. For himself, he acquired a competency, and then a foituiK' : though it became somewhat impaired in the doubtful tim(;s, in consequence (if the generous u.se he made of his name in assisting otliers. Nor was his generosity confined to such acts. He visited poor people ; got them gifts of clothes ; assisted them in various ways, and would In; a ready chami)ion of their cause if he found them to be deserving. The mode of conducting his business, his high honor, buoyant candor, and readiness to servo others, won for him the title of "Honest John Wilson," and he was by far the most po])ular man of his time that the West has seen. His popidarity was extraordinary, and can scarcely be estimated in these days, when circumstances and l)eo])le have so greatly changed. Much of his leisure was devoted to I'ducation. He promoted schools, gave lectures to young men, and, when ■Morrill's Tannery was in full operation, would go down there and instruct fifty or more of the young lads in arithmetic, history, and the rudiments of learning. In 1839, after the liebellion, he was ii])- piiinted by the Crown to defend some of the rebels who were tried in London. He did not much like the task, but said he would see that they had ju.stice, and they had, for seven of them were haiiged. In 1842 he was ajipointed Warden of this District, and was suc- ceeded by J. Buchanan, now of Chicago. In 1843 he acted as School Superintendent, and was succeeded Ity Wm. Elliot. It was not till 1847 that he came forward as a candidate foi' a seat in I*arliament. In that year, Mr. Drajier, who then re])re,sented London, was raiscnl to the Bench, and Mr. Wilson was elected in his stead as a Liberal- Conservative. He was a very ditl'erent sort of man from the Tories of those day.s — a class of individuals scarcely (o be found in existence now. In 1849 he was found sujiporting the conciliatory policy of Lord Elgin in the celebrated Kebellion Losses Dill ; a UKsasure which created intense excitement throughout the country, and led to the verge of a counter rebellion. Some of tlus London Toi'ies having ex- pressed dissatisfaction at Mr. Wilson's course, he determined to test the question, and resigning voluntarily was re-elected without any serious opposition. He continued in Parliament, representing London, until 18;") 1, when he was defeated by T. G. Dixon, a hatter of this place, and a Tory. This was owing, in a great measure, to some indiscretion of speech attributed to Mr. Wilson in Parliament, rcsflect- ing ou the Irish population. The defeat, by a very small majority, 186 msTOUV OK TIIK about twelve votes, caused some temporary ainioyance, and it is said even that he slied tears at the hustings when the fact that the election was lost reached him. Feelin<^ ran very hij^li, and some threats of violence being made against iiini, lie left the scene in the carriage of Adam Hope. In 1854 another election took place. These were the days of Hincks, Dr. llolph, Malcolm Cameron, ajid llobert Baldwin- names rarely heard i\ow in coimection with politics, but which had rare significance then. Mr. Wilson was now thoroughly with the Kefoiin l)arty. He was for recijjrocity ; no separate schools ; economy, and adopted the Reform i)latform generally. His opponent wasT. C. Dixon again, who declared that the Treaty of l{eci])rocity would be a " cut- throat nieasin'o." But Mr. Wilson proved too much for his antagf)iiist, and was elected by nearly .seventy votes. At that time the Eeforniors swept this Western country — Oxford, Middlesex (east and we.stj, London, Elgin, Kent, were all in favor of what was then known as " Eeforni," under the leadership of the man whose name we have men- tioned. The coalition of Mr. George Brown and some of his friends with Mr J. A. Macdonald, defeated Mr. Hincks, and a " crisis " came on. Mr. Hincks wished to see Mr Wilson form a Government, but Mr. Brown objecting, he compromised matters with Mr. J. A. Macdonald, and the coalition of 1S54, under Sir Allan McNab, was the result. ^Ir. Wilson served in rarliament, acting with the Ojjpo- sition until the (lis.solution of the House in 1857, when, despite tlie entreaties of his friend.s, he would not again contest the city, and its present member, Mr. John Carling, took his place. He remained a stranger to jiublic life until 1863, when he was elected to re])re.sont the St. Clair Division in the Senate. He never took his seat, however, in that capacity, for the Government of .Mr. .1. Sandfield Macdonald being in oflice, and a vacancy in the Bench occurring, Mr. Wilson was created a Judge, and served until his death, June 3, 1869, when Mr. Justice Gait was appointed. James Edward Small was County Judge for a number of yeare prior to 18G9. William Elliot, born in England in 1817, came with his ])arents to the United States in 1836, and moved with them to a point on the Thames, two miles from London, Out., in 1837. His father died there about 1838, leaving the present Judge to look after the farm. In 1847 he began the study of law, and in 1852 was admitted to the bar In 1869 he succeeded Judge Small as Judge of Middlesex, a position which he still holds. In 1S48 he married a daughter of Dr. Robin.son, of Dublin, Ireland. Their son, S. Connor Elliot, was killed at Duck Lake, Manitoba, in the skirmish with Canadian Indians, Marcli 26, 1885. Young Elliot studied law in Eraser & Eraser's office, and practised. Judge Davis has, for some years, been connected with the Boncn as .lunior Judge. William Henry Draper was born in 1801, near London, England, CiTMY OK MI1>I)I,KSK\. 137 li it is said i\\ti election tliTeats of cavriape of .ge were the t BaUlwin— lich bad rare ^ the llefom couomy, and is T. C. I">ixon id be a "cul- ^is antay;(>i»9t, the llefovnievs st and west), iien known as we bave nien- . of bis fi'ii'ttds ' "crisis" came nveniinent, but itb Mv .T. A. [an McNab, was witb tbe Ovpo- ,hen, despite ll^e , tbe city, and Its I He vemainea a cted to Tei.vesent usseat,bowevei; IfuAd Macdc.uaW n.r, Mr. \V^\^"" j„r3,l869,Nvben number of yeavs itb bis parents'^ to a point onih Wr cbed tbe«; ir t\ic farm. Ill „utted to tbe j*^ l.Wesex, a I'ositwu ; of Vv. Uobuisou. as Ued at )"* KUans.^bvrcUiJ ^.aser's office, ana ed witb tbe Beucli London, Ens^aiul, I wlieic his father was an Enj^lish Church minister. He came to Cuiiaila in 1820, was elected to the Lef,'islative Council in 1837, Solicitor-General of Upper Canada in 1838, subsequently Attorney- Goiieial, appointed Puisne Jud<»e by Lord Elgin ; and in 1856 was u|i]i()inlL'd Chief Justice, vice (Sirj James Macaiiley. In 1863 ho was ii|ipoiiitoil Chief Justice of Uj)por Canada, vice Judge Arch. McLean. In 1SC9 ho was commissioned President of the Court of Error and Apjiual, which he held up to his death in 1877. He was known as " Swci't William," and while not considered a member of the Compact- Fuinily, his ultra-toryism connected him with that tribe. In April, 1807, he. was Judge of the Assize Court here. TliDUias Moss, born at Cobourg in 1836, was a son of the brewer, of Cobourg. In 1854 he entered Toronto University, was admitted to tlio bar in 1861, and in 1872 created 11 C. by the Premier. In J 873-4- hi! was elected for West Toronto to the Dominion I'arliament; sdou alter was appointed a Judge of the Court of Ap])eal ; became President of th(! Court on Judge Draper's death, aTid Chief .Justice of Oiitiirid on Judge Harrison's death. His own death took place on Jamiaiy 4, 1881. On Nov. ">, 1875, Justice Moss opened the Assizes. He was apjiointuil, vice Justice Strong, elevated to the newly organized Suinenie Court. William Horton, then senior barrister of London, inescnted tlie address, which was signed by the following named mcnibors of the Law Circle of London : — W. Horton, J. Shanly, E. J. Tarko, T. Scatcherd, C. Hutchinson, E. W. Harris, J. H. Flock, 11. Bayly, C. I). Holmes, V. Cronyn, C. F. Goodhue, D. McMillan, W. R. Movedith, WaiTcn Kock, E. H. Reed, Hugh Macmahon, W. P. E. Street, I). Glass, (.). S. Corrigan, J. H. Eraser, P. Cronyn, .las. Magec, Henry Pecher, W. W. Fitzg<;rald, George Gibbons, J. Taylor, W. H. Bavtraiii, 1. Martin, A. CJreeiilces, ("xeorge McNab and M. 1). Eraser. Chief Justice Harrison, who died in November, 1878, was calleil to the Har in 1855, created Q. C. in 1867, and elevated to the Pench in 1875. The Spring Assizes of 1870 was presided over by Ju.stice Morrison, hi October, 1876, Justice Purton presided over the Assizes. In his cliavije to the Grand Jury, he reverted to his first visit to London years before, when Judge MaCxiulay ])resided over the annual Assize Cdurt; compared the ])ast with the ]ii'e,sent, and .seemed well pleased witli the progress of the county in all things, except the county iMiilding.s. The court-house he called a pest-house, and attributed to ittlie (loath of Justice Wilson. The Fall Assizes of 1881 was presided over by Justice Purton. In A])ril, 1885, Chief Justice M. C. Ciimeiim presided at the Assizes. The celebrated case of Jidia E. Hurris cs. Waterloo Mutual Insurance Co. was heard at this time. W. K. ami K. Meredith represented the plaintiff, and H. P. Osier and Buwlby the defendant. The jury awarded her S547 and costs. •'tistice Falconbridge opened the Fall Assizes of 1888, Sept. 10, this Itiiig his first ofiicial visit to London. 138 HISTiiUV OK THE Huf!;li Macmahon, Q. (.'., bovii in Guelpli, Out, in 1X30, doscondcMl from an ancient Irish family, was admitted to the bar in 1.SG4, and in 18(39 settled at London In ISTlihe was created Qneen's (.'ounsel, and the followin;* year was leading counsel before the arl)itrators in the casii of the Ontario bcmndary, and in 1884 before the Privy Council of Great Britain and Indand In 1880, and all throu<,'h the trial of the Biddulph eases, lie, assisted by W. It. Meredith, (). C, defended his clients with (extraordinary ener^'y anil success. He, with Col. Shanly, were the main promoter.-i of the Irish Benevolent Society of Lomloii. At the close of 1883 he removed to Toronto. On May 7, 1888, wi; find him ])residing as Judge of the Assize Court at London. The Middlesex Law Association was represented by the following: — VV. E. Meredith, Q. C. ; E. Meredith, Q. C. ; M. D. Fraser, Charles Hutchinson, J. B. McKillop, Fraidv Love, W. H. Bartram, Ed. Flock, H. B. Elliot, W. J. Marsli, N. P. Graydon, 11. M. :Meredith, Talbot Macbeth, Colin McDougall, C. G. .larvis, Lieiit-Colonel Macbeth, J. H. Flock, Lieut-Colonel Shanly, 11. ^L Toothe, George Moorehead, James Magee, W. W. Fitzgerald, Thomas Meredith, R Bayly, Q. G. ; H. Becher, Q. (!. ; Folinsl)ee, Coyne, Nellis, J. C. Judd, Edmund Weld, Tennant, A. 0. delfery, E. T. Essery, 15. C. McCann, and others. W. li. Meredith read the following address : — To the Honorable Hugh Macmahon. one of her Majesty's .lustices of the High Court for Ontario : — Youii LoKD.siiii', — The members of the legal profession of the City of London and County of MiiMlesox beg leave, at this the earliest opportunity afforded thcni, to offer to you their hearty congratulations upon vour attaining tliat highest of honor.< and responsibilities in the profession — a 3\h iship. Whilst the profession in other cities and counties have had the gratilication of earlier offering to you their congratula- tions, we feel that we have an especial right and ])rivilego to do so, remembering for how long you were among us, and that the majority of us have had the )deasure of practising in tlie same profession witii you in this city for many years, so that, although we cannot claim you as of one of us, yet it is one of more than ordinary gratification to US, and we feel ajfords us the better right to congratulato you, and at the same time to be the better able to congratulate the ])rofessiou in general, and the country at large, in obtaining a Judge so well calculated to maintain the high standard of the bench, past and present, of this Province. Permit us to express the hope that a long and eminent career is before you, and to assure you of the more than ordinary pleasure it is to welcome you to the City of London upon your first visit in your high olBcial capacity. W. R. Meredith, President of the Middlesex Law Association. Geo. Mooueheai), Secretary of the Middlesex Law Association. Among the attorneys named in the records of 1838 are : — Tames Givens, afterwards Judge of the County Court; W. K. Cornish, who lost his gown owing to a [mictical joke; J. G. Ackland, K. Henry, jr. (or Hervay), Geo. Duggan, jr., John Stuart, John Wilson, R. E. Burns, H. Sherwood, (jeorge Sherwood, A. N. MoNab, W. 11. Drajjer, C. Gamble, Givens & Warren, Wm Salmon, V,. Burton, J. G. Sprague, J. Cameron, C. L. Hall, H. 11. O'Eiellv, C. A. Hagaman, 11. Dickson, Gideon S. Tiffany, Miles O'Ptiellv, J. H. Price, A. Bethune, John Hell, J. O'Hatt, R. G. Beasley, E. C." Campbell, F. T. Wicks, Michael .Mc- (JuL'NTV OV MIUDLESKX. 139 I, (loscctidod [804, and in lonnsol, imd fs in the casi' y Council (if trial of the defundod his Col. Shanly, • of Lfinddii. 7, IS88, we, .ondon. The vin-:-W. K. ■asev, Charles 11 Ed. Flocl<, redith, Talbot 1 Macbeth, J. r(> Moorehead, Bayly, Q. C. ; udd, Ednumd nn, and others. ,f the High Court ,e City of London ftfforiled tlioin, to highest of honors profession in otlicr in tiieir congratuU- J, reuicnihpring lor nl tho pleasure ot s so that, altliougli ,ary gratification lo at the same tiiiM- ,kI tho country Hi rh standard ot tlit hope that a long n ordinary l>lew>"^ your high official Meuehith, _;x Law Association. NIoou»:he.\i), . ix Law Association. 38 arc -.—Tames Iv. Cornish, who Id, li. Henry, jv. Ion, R. E. Bums, [ H. Draper, 0. 1 J. G. Sprague, lian, 11. Dickso", liune, John Hell, Iks, Michael Mc- Niimani, G. Tfidout, James Boulton, John S. Smith, Wm. Miller, J. Hell, \\n\. Hume Blake, A. S. Milne, K. Mucdonald, C. K. Cornish, 1!. 0. Diiggun, J. H. rricc, A. Grunt, R. Baldwin, F. G. Stanton. In IS.'jO the name of W. Lapen.stiere appears in the ciise of Char- liitle Armstrong v. VVm. Leighton and John ITob.son. In April, 1840, Frederick Cleverly a^ijiears before the Court, reprcsentiiif,' J. H. Joyce iind Edwanl Matthews v. Henry L. Tliomi)son. in 1841 the name of liciiry C. li. Becher appears, dilloring from that of Henry C. R. Beclier, iiiri'iidy given. John H. L Askin rejiresented 'oe Suter et nl v. Tliouias Dangerfield, in 1841. At this time the name of J. Straclian is recorded; in 1842 Thomas Keir, A. I). McLean; in 1844 John Crawford, John Wil.S(m and Thomas Warren; in 1845 James Shanly; ill 1S4G E. Jones Parkt; ; in 1847 S. F. Robertson, G(!0. Brooke, D. M.Thompson; in 1848 Thomas Scatcherd, W. H. Wellcr, Geo. W. liurton, James Santon ; in 1849 \V. Richardson, James Shanly, jr., Warren & Hamilton. In 1850 the names of James Stanton and D. W. Stanton, Wm. Horton, Arch. Gilkinson, apjiear on the records of the Comity Court of Middlesex and Elgin. In 1852 the names of Cameron & Rutledge, G. W. Barton, Henry Hamilton, Thomas Scatch- iM'd, Robert Nichol, Wm. Proudfoot, E, Horton, Y. Davis and William Elliot apjiear; in 1851 Robert E. liurns, Wm. Troudfoot, Jldward lilevins, Robt. Nicholl and Wm, Elliot are recorded. From Sejitem- licr, 1844, to April, 1852, there were 1,395 suits disposed of in the Ldiidon District Court. From 1835 to 1839 there were 765 judgments rendered. From December, 1839, to September, 1844, there were 1,103 judgments rendered. There were 156 cases entered for trial at the March term III' 1847 before Judge James Givens. Of this number, John Wilson entered 28 ; Wm. .Horton, 21 ; James Daniell and -John Duggan, 29 ; Thomas D. Warren, 20 ; E. Jones Parkt;, 17 ; James Givens and James Shanly, 19; H. C. R. Becher, 14; John Crawford, 1 ; William Ndtman, 2 ; D. J. Hughes, William K. Cornish, Simon 1\ Robertson, A. D. McLean and George Brook, one each. John Y. J. Harris, F. Evans Cornish, C. L. Hutchin.son, 1852 ; Gl'O. Baxter, 1853 ; P. G. Norris, 1855, also IJobert Cooper, afterwards •bulge of Goderich, of F^lliot & Cooper; Thomas Partridge, James McFadden, Burton Bennett, of Vienna, and Robert C. Stoneman, of Strathroy, Duggan & Flock, 1856 ; J. H. Flock, Walter McCrae, B. Scliram, T. \V. Lawford, P. T. \\''orthington, W. L. Lawrason, J. D. Warren, Richard Bayly, Edward W. Harris, George Harris, J. Part- ridge, 1856-7. F'rom 1852 to the close of 1857 there are 1,G57 jiKlgnients recorded in the judgment book of the united counties of .Middlesex and Elgin. In 1 858 the name of J . Worthington appears, also S. H. Graydon. There were 1,355 judgments given between .\tigust, 1857, and October, 1858. In 18G4 the name of R. E. ■lackson appears, also Jtihn Geary and C. C. Abbott. In F"ebruary, 1859, the law firm of Burton Bennett atid Thomas Clarke appears on 140 HISTORY OF THE t,h« County Court records ; H. OUard, I Migi^iin & Haiti, J. McCauf^Iioy H. Massinybvod, E. S. Collett and A. MoDouj^all ajjpears in \H(j{); W. C. L. Gill, N. Nonsarrett, (Jaylcy, Canioron & McMicliaid, of Toronto; C. A. Hartli, H. Kirkiiatric'k, C. D. Holmes, 1). tJ. McDonald, Charles F. Goodlnie, Thomas Canv, VV. K, Meredith and C. A. Hart, 1861 ; John Geary, jr, and Koliert E Jackson, 1802. In 1803, C. P. Hig^'ins, Samuel Barker, D. Macmillaii, Alex. Mackenzie, Geo. Green, Samuel Barker, I'hilip Mackcmzie, Verschoyle (Jronyu, (Jeo. E. Moore and Warren Kock In 1804, David (Mass, Samuel Barker, Leon M. Clench, J, A. Carroll, David Wilson and Chai'les S. Jones, of St. Marys. In 1865, the record bears the names of E. Stoneliouse, W. I'. R. Street, just appointed Justice of Su])rei>ie Court, Patrick Darbv, W. O. Meade Kiuj,', C. S. Corrigan, A. J. B. Macdonald and VV. V. Laird. In 1866, Geo. Moucrief, now re])reseutinf,' East Jiambton in Parliament, J. A. Milhsr, John J. Brown, Thomas Cle<,% C. McDonald, H. H. Covne, George Uailton, Drummond, T. A. Mills, Cutteu au(l E. M. Scane, In 1867, II. G Scatcherd. In J 868, Mackenzie, J. H. Eraser, Tiiomas T. Irvine, James Magee, Mr. Livintr^toue, Eilmuud Meredith, H. Whateley and Henry Ellis. In 1 869,' Hui,'h Macmahon, J. E. Harding and J. G. Ouilette. In 1870, Henry R. Nelle.s, E. B. Re(!. T. II. Lusconibe, Talbot Mac- betli, l'>. C. IMoC'ann, .lolin M.-icbetii, I). Macnullan, James Magec, G. W. Marsh, Herbert Macbeth, A. .1. H. Macdonald, Goo. McNab, James H, McKillii]., VVm. McDiarmid (Lucan), K. Meredith, Q. C, It. M. Meredith, \V. H. M(!redilh, g.C, T. (}. Mereditli, A. A. Maetavi.sli, J. .1. Maeiiherson, G Mnoreliei'd, Patrick Mnlkern, David Mills, H. K. Nelles, K. W. Owens. Thomas G'iJrien, John I). O'Xeil, E. J. I'arke, tJ.C, T. H. I'nrdom, W. A. I'rondfoot, Alex. Stewart (Gleiicoe), E. W. Scatcherd, W. J{. Smytlu!, John Taylor, I). H. Tennant, J. A. Thomas, U. M. (J. Toothe, G. N. Weekes, Eilmund Weld and An<,'us McNish. Francis Evans Cornish, son of Dr. Wm. Kinj: Cornish, who came t(i Canada from England in 181'.», was born here that year, and was educated at London. In 185;") he was admitted to the bar; from LSfiS to 1S61 was Alderman, and from 1861 to 186"), Mayor of London. In 1871 lit! moved to the Red Iiiver, and in 1872 was admitted to the bar of the new jirovince. In 1874 he was elected a member of the; Mani- toba Lej^islature ; was Mayor of Winnipeleted his law studies, and for some years delighted London audiences by his rendition of Irish music. Early Prohntc Business. — Under date of June 15, 1814, the fol- lowing account was rendered against the county by Daniel Whitman, charges incurred for tiic funeral of Lydia Wliitman. Whitman charged £2 4s. for a coflin, 12s. for grave digging, £1 12,s. for a winding-sheet, and £4 for nursing. wa.shing, u.se of house and sundry •services, aggregating £S 8s. Od. This was evidently a probate bu,si- ness, for after £69 17s. 2Ad. and the sum named above are debited, David Wliiteman, or Wightmaii, is credited with £17 6s. Od., his own account plus £10o 3s. Od., proceeds of auction, and received £42 4s. 9 Ad. from Magistrate IJackhouse. Early Court, of Beqiiesf.— In January, 1830, the Townships of Ekfrid, Mosa, Caradoc, Lol)o and 1 )elaware were set otl as a Division of a Court of l}e([uest, with Duncan Mclvenzie and James Parkinson, Commissioners. The Middlesex Law Association was formed October 4, 1879. In December a deputation, comjwsed of W. R. Meredith, Parker, Magee, and Sherilf Glass, addressed the County Council, asking that a room in the court-house be set apart for a law library. This was granttHi, and to-day the law libraiy, in charge of Librarian Simmons, shows a large collection of law books, reports, and some useful books of a general character. The remodelled court-house, in which the library is, was opened December 2, 1878, by Judge Davis. Go flio Un tliat oh London and re( country oi'ganiza Baptists of peace flu's their J«iyment luand wei f'i« forks Siincoe. K'lr of flu tlif Ii'evoJi ?: "'ar on tlui ; ,^ Siirre) 'i'lianies, ( :^ m2,am] • 'l\' a lawye iiltliougli Ik ''L'lieri'd Iji Hull to sm 'liid ari'iviM ''le Anien'c! "Iietlier he ■'tiile tliat H '■'■'er to the '"'iiiging ov( "'ftled h.«oi ''M'ftiniiice fi'i'in'nal. "'f.^' of St.'. ''Ji't and ti'ad' ""■ iifighhoi'l •"•'■"pied this '''f.\- Dwrin I'iiiiy of fo,.( 10 A ny COUNTY OK MIDDIiKSKX. 143 CHArTKU VII r. 1814, the fo\- [el Wlntnvan, , Wliitiuau £1 123. fov a 5e aiul siuidvy V probate busi- ,Q ave debited, s Od., bis own fceived £42 4s. e Towns\iips of as a Division „^es I'avkinsou, ,er4.lB79- 1" , Pavkcv, Magee. i'no that a room liis was gvaiitea, iinmous, shows a seful books of H whicli the hbrary MILITAUY AFFAIRS. Governor Simcoe always entertained the idea of the re-conquest of the United States. His plans were directed toward this end, and with tliiit object lie established in his mind's eye a central government at hondoii on the Thames, with an arsenal and ship-yard at Chatham, and redoubts along the lakes and Niagara Kiver. He divided the country into counties for militia purposes, and made laws for the ovj^anization and management of all male inhalntants. The Quakers, Baptists and Tunkers were to pay twenty shillings ])ev annum in time of peace and one hundred shillings sterling per year in time of war for this their exemption from service — the proceeds to be devoted to the payment of an Adjutant-General. The regular soldiers under his com- mand were ordered to cut out the Dundas road from Lake Ontario to the forks of the Thames, and Yonge street from Lake Ontario to Lake Siracoe. All this and much more was accomplished before the first year of this country ; but English diplomats, filled with experiences of the Itevolution, failed to be so sanguine as Simcoe, and so deferred a war on the United States until 1812. Surrender of Detroit. — The events leading to the BattL of the Tliames, date to the surrender of Detroit. This surrender of Aug. 16, 1S12, and its occupation by the British for a year, were brought about liy a lawyer named Brush, who was unfriendly to the American cause, rtitliou<,'h he was Governor Hidl's legal adviser. Brush consorted with (ieneral Brock and advised the maimer of attack, even as he advised Hull to surrentha', and this was made more manifest, for when Brock liad arrived within musket range he halted, and stood still regarding llie American force and their ability to oppo.se him, as if in doubt wliL'ther he was leading his men into a trap. Judge William Connor, iif Mt. (.'lemens, and other old citizens of Detroit, who were present, :'tale that Hull's cowardice and Brush's treachery led to this atl'air, and ii'fer to tlie fact of Hull being so excited and scared at his share in Imaging over the British troops, that he bo.smeared his coat, vest, luflied hdSdin and white cravat with tobacco juice, lost in foto the iili]ioarance of Hull of the Revolution, and assumed the look of a cviininal. Another surrender was also made where now stands the I'ity of St. Clair. Patrick Sinclair, a British ofiicer, built in 1703 a full and trading-house. In 1782 m'ncteen other Britishers settled in the ueighhorhood. In 1807 the Michigan militia under Cajitain Koe rttupied this post, and als(j anotiier post located just below Marine L'ity. During the war of 1812 this post and Captain Joe. Roe's com- pany of forty men wei'e cai^ured by a British force ; but in May, 10 144 IllSTOliY OF THK 1814, the viver bank was again in ])i),ssession of tho American Rangers under Captain Gratiot. Battle of the Thames. — Coninioilore Perry obtained a signal victoiv over the British naval forces on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813. This foice comprised the ships Detroit, 19 guns ; (^>ueen ("harlotte, 17 guns; the schooner Lady Prevost, 13 guns; the brig Hunter, 10 guns; the sloop Little Belt, 3 guns and the schooner Chi|)pewa, 1 gun and 2 swivels. Opi)osed to this was Perry's flagship, the Lawrence and the Ariel, poorly armed, and a few small boats hurriedly put together ut Put-in-Bay, such as the Scorpion and Tigress. With the captured vessels he advanced on Windsor or Maiden, and on September 23 lie took over to Maiden from Detroit 1,200 men of Han-ison's arniv, among whom were 120 regular troops, the remaining 1,080 boiiifi; Kentucky riflemen. Tlie balance of the army, 1,500 irregular troojis and 30 Indians, were held at Detroit. Gen. Proctor's force comjirised 900 British regular troops and 1,500 Indians commanded by Tecumseli. Perry ran some of his small boats up to Moravian Town and Chatham, while Harrison's mounted infantry pushed forward along the north bank of the river and forded the Thames twelve miles below the Moravian Mission, and about that distance from Lot 4 in the Gore of Zone, where Tecumseh fell. That night the advance guard arrived at Dalsou's Station, where they bought from Mrs. Dalson several hundred loaves of bread (which Gen. I'roctor's army left behind), jiaying the woman for each twenty-five cents. Next day the army resumed the march and came up with the British regulars, who opened fire first. Har- rison promptly returned the fire, and orilered Col. Johnson's Kentucky cavalry to charge upon their lines. This charge was admirably made, breaking the lines and S([uare and permitting the riflemen to a,dviuiee without loss to make the whole British force, then jiresent, jirisoners, Tecumseh's great Indian army was held below, and a little to the right of the position held by the regular British troojjs, in a dense low bush. The riflemen dashed against this position, but were repulsed, The message for aid just came as the British regulars were disarmed, and Col. Johnson's cfivalry was sent forward. In this charge Col Johnson was wounded, but the ))attle went forward for thirty minute.* longer until Tecumseh himself fell, when the field belonged to Kentucky. After the battle Col, Whitney, an old Kentucky citizen accompanying the army, was found lying dead, and within four rods of liim lay Tecumseh. The location was on the " openings," just beyond the low gi-ouud where the Indians first took position in the bush. It is said that Perry's victory on Lake Erie was concealed from Tecumseh by Proctor, for fear of its etfect on his savage followers, Tecumseh, seeing Proctor's preparations to retire eastward from the American frontier, suspected the truth. At a council held in one of | the storehouses at Amherstburg, Tecumseh, with gi'eat vehemence ol I manner, addressed Proctor, saying : — COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 145 "Father, linten.' Our fleet has gone out; we know they have fought; wo have heard the great guns ; but wc know nothing of what has happened to our fatlier with one arm (Captain Barclay). Our ships have gone one way, and we are much astonished to sec our fatlier tying up everything and ])reparing to run the other way, without letting his red children know what his intentions are. You always told us to remain here to take care of the lands. You always told us you would never draw your foot off British ground ; but now, father, we see you are drawing l)ack, and we are sorry to see our fatlier do so without seeing the enemy. Wo must compare our father's con- duct to a fat dog that carries its tail upon its back ; but, when affrighted, it drops it between its legs and runs off. " Fatlii'i; liMtn ! The Americans have not yet defeated us by land, neither are we sure that they have done so by water ; we, therefore, wish to remain hero and fight our enemy, .should he make his appearance. If they defeat us, then we will retreat with our "father. » » • You have got the arms and ammunition which our great father, the King, sent for his red children. If you have an idea of going away, give tlieni to us, and you may go and welcome for us. Our lives are in the hands of the (?reat Spirit. Wc are determined to defend our lands, and, if it be His will, wo wish to leave our bones upon them." Lo.s.sin,s;, in his " Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812," from which we extract the above s]ieech, say.s its etl'oct was electrical. I^IaJor n. H. Ow.sley, a soldier in tliis campaign, sjjeaking of tlie doatli of Tecunisoh, says that the Battle of the Tliaines was a .short, hot .skirmish, in which Tccumseh died like a hero and a patriot, and Proctor sliowed himself to be a jioltroon of the most ]nisillanimous type. He related incidentally how the story that Colonel Johnson had kilkni Tecum.seh originated, and gave the name of the soldier who did kill the great Shawanee. " Teoumseh was," .said Major Owsley, "as fine a specimen of physical manhood as ever I saw. He was above middle height, beautifully proportioned, features singiilarly regular for an liuliaii, a handsomely-shaped face, eyes like an eagle, and of grace- ful, thougli hanglity, manner. Indian and foe thougli he was, I could not withhold my admiration for his patriotism, his bravery, and his ability. It is said that he had a premonition of his approaching end. At all events, at the Thames, he threw off his Brigadier-General iinifonii, and, putting on a hunting shirt and taking rifle, tomahawk and butcher-knife, he led his men in person against Dick Johnson's mounted Kentuckians. The Indians had been made believe by the 'Frophet,' Tecuniseh's brother, that 'Tecumseh bore a charmed life, and could not be wounded.' And when they saw their leader fall their 3uperstitious fear was aroused, and they broke and fled. For a few mimites, or until Tecumseh fell, the Indians fought as bravely as ever men of any people fought. Johnson's men and the I ndians did most of the fighting at the Thames engagement, which was not much of a battlt! after all, though it decided very important issues. Had Tecumseh Iwen chief in command instead of Proctor, the result might kve been different, for Tecumseh was a born soldier." He further states that " it was generally known in the army that red-headed Dave King killed the Shawanee chief. King was a tailor by trade, and lived sometimes at Stanford, and sometimes at Lebanon, Ky. Before we reached the Ohio Eiver, on our return home to Kentucky, ' Davy ' King was the best-known private soldier in the army. Next to the 146 HISTOKY OF THK last night out, before reaching our old Kentucky home, it was whis- l)ered around among the soldiers: 'When we get over the Ohio lliver we must say that Colonel Johnson killed Tecuniseh.' " akirmish at Byron. — After the battle of the Thames, General Proctor retreated to Burlington Heights, taking the Longwoods and the Commissioners' road. He was closely pursued by a small body of Kentucky riflemen, who ctime up with Cajitain Carroll's command near what is known in later years as the Village of Byron, West- minster Township. This Carroll commanded a body of niountod volunteers and one of infantry, both organized in Oxford County. This force was guarding a train of wounded Britishers from the field near Chatham, and being unable to keep uj) with Proctor's main force, Carroll was doomed to surrender or fight. Taking the latter course, he took possession of a knoll within the great bend of the Commissioners' road, and with Mrs. McManus, or McNames, (who resided near by) te distribute ammunition, waited the enemy's attack. The American.?, seeing a hopeless task before theiu, retired after one repulse, leaviiij; the Canadians to take care of their wounded men. Second Scout. — In the summer of 1814 some mounted Micliigan and Ohio volunteers entered Westminster, and piished forward to Yarmouth, but merely took away whatever jtrovisions and horses they required, and silenced the more active enemies of the Republic in the settlements. Battle Hill. — The affair at Battle Hill, a few miles west of Stiatli- burn, took place May 4, 1814, between the Royal Scots, detachment.'' of the 89th Infantry, a large body of Kent militia, and some Indians on one side, and a reconnoisance of the American force on the other The first party, commanded by Ca})tain Basden, while brhiging up an army train, were attacked by the sharpshooters from a log redoubt on the hill. The British and Indians attacked the position from all .sides, made several assaults, but befoie daylight had to fall back, liaviDi; suHered very heavily, losing 16 killed, including two otticers, and 41' wounded, including three officers. The Americans retreated at dawn, and in the re]jort of the captain to headquarters, carried out a most hazardous enterprise without loss in killed or wounded. Other Aj/'airs — On May 14, 1814, Roe's Rangers made an incur- si(jn into Canada to ascertain whetluir any British troops were to be 1 found along the Thames. In 1812 Thomas Talbot was cieateJ | Lt.-Col. of militia, then embracing three companies of able-bodied men. Two were recruited from able-bodied men and widowers, were well drilled, and known as "Flank Companies." They particijuited in I several actions against the Americans on the border. On Auj,'. 1 1813, however, the war came toward the settlement. A l)andol| Kentucky riflemen and some stragglers under Connnandei' Walker came up from the Thames, and burned Col. Burwell's log dwell and Col. Talbot's mill. Burwell was then suH'ering from ague, buttiiij Americans removed him gently from the house, and sent him i)ii.sone.' I to Chji son W; -^'leplio] 'V(/iiii'e( raid fvoi lUvev, f 'lorsps a I'cm distrihiiti into foi'p,, '"111 ilfa/o (flirty vet ■'^fifidle.se.x "ic battle '"'■"'«• j)Ia, altJlOIInrJ, J,, of age. Is on 111 the di In .'ui.s^ie,. t •^■"bus]) saifl '■eai'- And,., ^^'as at tJie . ^'"'''fedjh I f"';" Hil thro / f"^'- Hew, ^, "": '"'"I, a 1)1, "7'fe'"'.snam : 'i;^.^'^'; enrol f ™;<' "'an on 'ardsliipsoftj "0 other of l,i ""f raiTied de "ine mmihn S' '"•' ^''-^^ I J "'e corps he Jnion Grote, ,} "'e name of hf. "^"^f "f colore I ^nd . served th, ^avid.s, He ^"^'^ AJexan. nm, was Ivi J'^.P.'e.sente; 1'; ,, -"I'lt-.-ienri 'ici COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 147 es, Genevul awoods aiul uaU body ,'s coinmaiw Wron, Wcst- fold County from the fieW r's main iovce, ,ttevcom'se,lie Commissioners led near by) to [ho Amevicans, cepulse, leavmg ,nted Micbiga;; ,bed forward to andborsestk) KepuUic m tk .3 west of Strath- ,S 'some indjauj l bringing up au ' a \o" redoubt ou ,io„ from aW sules, Lo ot^icers, aiut -i ' etreated at da>^u S.vied out a «o>t [Ifmadeaninc-' a\bot was of able-bodK.d lu -idoNvers, ^^'^^ ; , jommandei Nva , iVu \o>' liweUW: vwells io„ J ,, from agues ^j;, "• sent lum V»i^* to Cliillicotho, Ohio. On approaching Talbot's log house, Col. Patter- soTi was arrested, leaving the owner to e3ca]ie in the guise of a sliejilieid. The Americans took whatever cattle and horses they nH|uired, and returned. General McArthur set out on his Ontario raid from Detroit in the fall of 1814. He pushed forward to Grand River, and foraged successfully, bringing to Detroit a large band of horses and a heavy train of ]irovisions. I'oisioners of the War. — The act of Parliament providing for the disti'ilmtion of .^SO.OUO among the survivors of tlie War of 1812, came into force in 1875. That year Colonels McPherson, Moll'at, Taylor, ami Majors Leys and Peters made the payments of S20 to each of thirty veterans at the City Hall, London. Among the old soldiers of Middlesex ]iresent were : — David Reynolds, of Caradoc, was present at tlie battles of Queenston and Lundy's Lane, being wounded at the former )ilace. He had appliinl for a ])ension, but never received it, althongli he had got one hundred acres of land. He was then 84 years of age. Isaac Quackenbush, Komoka, was not on the list, Imt later on in the day an application was made out for him by Col. Taylor. In answer to Col. McPherson's finery as to what rank he held, Quack- eiibusli said sometimes he was in the front rank and sometimes in the rear. Andrew Heron was aged 81 ; he volunteered at Port Dover, and was at the battle of Fort George, and received a medal, which he exhibited ; he was identified by Mr. Pieynolds. P>enjarain Myers, Mt. Brydges, was born in 1791, and took jiart in the first war, bearing arnifi all through it He never received a cent of pay or a grant of land. He was at Queenston and Lundy's Liine, and was wounded in the arm, a piece of grape shot carrying off his coat collar. ILu could write his name. Wm Moore, of the townshij) of Metcalfe, was 80 years of a,<;e ; em'olled in 1812, and served nine months; was at the taking of Of,'dei;sburg and jit the battle of Chrysler's Farm, were he sulfered more tlian oti any otlier occasion. He gave a vivid description of the hardsliips of that day, and stated that he received a hundred ac: - of land. George Bi'own, of Williams, was 85 years of age, and said he u.id no other of his family similiarly named. He was enrolled in 1812, but carried des])atches and drew j)ay at Kingston, where he served nine months. He volunteered on the 4th of June, and received a Imndrt'd acres for his military services. He did not recollect the name of the cor])s he served, but it was the militia of the County of Lennox. Simon Grote, of Longwood (colored), did not recollect his age ; thought the name of his Colonel was Clause. The whole regiment was com- jtosed of colored men, and he enlisted at the beginning of the war, and served through it all ; was at Lundy's Lane, Queenston, and St. Davids, He got a hundred acres of land from tire Government. James Alexander Weishulm, of Mount Brydges, was unable to he I present, was lying ill at his sister's house in London township. His ^ sou represented him. and David Reynolds affirmed that he had served. 1 Francis Emerick, of Napier, did not have his name on the list. Barna- 148 IlISTOKY OV THK bas Flanagan, Mt. Brydges, was past 86 years of age, and served from 1812 to 1815 under Brock. He was engaged at Detroit, Fort Eric, Chii)])ewa, Queenston and Stoney Creek. He never received any land, although it was promised, and never received any medal or a cent all through the war. Nicholas Bodine, Mosa, was 87 years of age, and served under Col. Ityerse ; he was in the army about two years, and received three dollars for his services. There was some deficiency in his ))apers, and Col. iMcrher.son promised to write to him. George Henry, Newbury, served as a private in his father's company, jtm- ducing the connnission of the latter dated 1804. It was issued by Hon. llobert Hamilton, Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln. Henry was 78 years of age, having enrolled when but fifteen. He never got anything for his services, and never expected to. Kobert Cornwall, of Caradoc, was HO years old, and served till after the battle of Fort George and at Lnndy's Lane ; was never wounded, a.nd never received a medal. Andrew Heron certifies that from conversations he has had with Corn- wall, the latter must have been "out" in 1812. The case of four Indians from .Munceytown was next taken up; they were named George King, Tom Chief, Isaac Dolson and Tom Snake. Arthur Wrightman, of Longwoods, died a few weeks before tlie distribution. There is a name, however, in connection with the war of 1812, dear to Canadians — General Brock. On July 28, 1812, he delivered his written address to the Council at York, and from this document the following extract is taken : — "Trusting more to treachery than o])eu hostility, our enemies have already S])read their emissaries through the country to seduce our fellow-subjects from their allegiance, by jjromises as false as the principles upon which they are founded. A law has, therefore, been enacted for the speedy detection of such emi,s.saries and for their condign puni,shnient. Remember, when you go forth to the combat, that you fight not for yourselves alone, but for the whole world. You are defeating the mast fovmidable conspiracy against the civilization of man that was ever contrived. Persevere as you have begun, in strict obedience to the laws and your attention to military discijiline ; deem no sacrifice too costly which secures the enjoyment of our hap])y con- stitution ; follow with your countrymen in Britain the ])aths of virtue, and like them, you shall triumph over all your unjmncipled foes." On Aug. It), 1812, lirock made good his words, when Hull sur- rendered, under the conilitions hitherto explained; l)ut on October Ki he delivered his last speech, and was killed at Queenston Heights with his aide-de camp, McDonnell. The act of March 14, 1815, jiro- vided 'ir raising his monument on the Heights, £1,000 being tlieii granteu. In January, 1826, a supplementary grant of £G0U was made to comjilete the monument. Benj. Wilson, .in Ensign in the war of 1812, was present at the surrender of General Hull, as well as at Lundy's Lane. He was oiu of twenty men under Capt. Metcfilfe, who, it is alleged, accomplisiiwi COUNTY OF MIDULKSEX. 149 L,vved from ^ T<"ovt "Erie, 'd any laud, ,r a cent all of age, and years, and Icficiency in iui. George )mpany, V>'"- suedbyHun leury was 7» raotanytVimg \°oi Caradoc, George and at ved a medal. ,ad witli Corn- a case of fo«i' J were named distribution. ^ e war of ^^^-< 2 be delivcvcd a this document liv enemies bave to seduce our a3 false as the , therefore, been ^ and for their , to the combat, ,ole world. , \'ou \ic civilization , begun, in stnct discipline; deem our liappy.'^'*"' p paths of virtue. nciylcd foes. when Hull sur- ^ ,ut on October u .eeiiston Height^ ■ Qoo beni'^ tliL" ' of £000 was IV nt the capture of ci.;hty Americans by imitating the Indian war-whoop, thereby causing the " Yanks " to surrender. During the march to Col. Talbot's house forty Americans escapf^d. Several interesting stories of such ciiptures are told, with many tales relating to the niarcli through Canada of Hull's unfortunate garrison. Tlie Delaware settlers wlio fled to join Harrison's army in 1813 were never recaptured ; hut others were not so fortun.ite, for in the history of the Quarter Sessions Court references are made to some early settlers indicted for desertion or treason. On January 13, 1818, Ellis Buckley was indicted for deserting to tlie enemy in 1814. He was placed under bonds of £2,000, with Diivid and Daniel Hoover in £1,000 each, and ultimately escaped jniiii.shment. The Emmins boys were also aiTested on the charge of desertion. Affairs in 1SS7-S. — In the political chapter, the troubles of 1837-8 are refen-ed to. The military condition of the county at that time may be learned from the following official rosters of commands then regulfirly organized : — The officers of the first regiment of Middle- sex in 1830, were Col. Thomas Talbot, commissioned Feb. 12, 1812 ; Captains Gihnan Wilson and Leslie Patterson, commissioned in 1812 ; John Matthews, James McQueen, John Warren, Archibald Gillis, Hu<;li McCowan and James McKinley, commissioned in 1823 ; Lieu- tenants Wm Bird and Gideon Till'any, commissioned in 1812 ; Thos. Mcl'all, Samuel McCall, John G. Gillies, Duncan Mackenzie and Adjutant J. M. Farland, commissioned in 1823 ; and Ensigns Daniel Mclntyre, David Davis and Samuel Harris, in 1812; and Quarter- Master Sylvanus Reynolds, in 1815. The fourth division of Middlesex militia claimed the following officers : — Colonel, James Hamilton ; Major, Ira Schofield ; Captains, Joseph Han'ison, Simon Bullen, Roswell Mount, Duncan Mackenzie, Itichard Talbot and Daniel Hine, commissioned in 1823 ; Edward E Warren, Tliomas Lawrason, Daniel Doty, Edward E. Talbot, in 1824 ; Wni. Putnam, in 1826 ; John Ewart, in 1827 ; Lieutenants, James Fisher, John Siddall, John T. Jones, Wm. Gray, Alex. Sinclair, John Ijiain, Arcli. McFarlane, Robert Webster and Nathaniel Jacobs, in 1824; Ensigns, Henry B Warren, Lawrence Lawrason, Daniel Camp- bell, Thomas H. Sumner, George Rohsoii, Wm. Burgess, Philip Hard- , ing, James Parkinson and John Talbot, jr., in 1824, with Adjutant Wm. Putnam, in 1826. The militia officers of District Two of Middlesex in 1830, were : — Mahlou Burwell, Colonel ; John Backhouse, Lt.-Colonel ; John Eolph, Major ; Samuel Edison, Wm, Saxtoii, Joseph Defield, Abe. Backhouse, Titus Williams, Isaac Drajier, Andrew Dobie, Henry Backhouse and William Summer,?, Captains ; Gilbert Wrong, John Summers, James Hutchinson, James Bell, Henry House, James Summers and Alex. Buxton, Lieutenants, commissioned in 1824 ; Ensigns, George Dobie, Alexander Summers, John Benner, John R. Kennedy, Wm. Mcintosh, 150 IIISTOIiY OF TIIK Peter Defield iind Tlionms Edison, ji'., coniniissionod in 1826 ; and IJ(Mil)en Keimody, Quaiteriiiastor, Tlie militia ollicers of tlie Third District of Middlesex in 1830 were: — ('oloiiel, John liostwick, coniniissioned in 1822 ; Captains, H(!njaniin Wilson, James Nevilles, John Conrad and Jose])h iSniitli, in 182o; Joseph L. O'Dell, Josiah C. Goodhue, Jose))h House and Michael McLoughlin, in 1824; Lieutenants, Wni. Orr and -fesse Ganlz, iu 1823 ; John Merlatt, Joshua I'utnam, James Weishuln, Joshua S. O'Dell, William P. heard and Gardner Merrick, in 1824 ; Knsio;ns, Jonas Barnes, John T Doan, Silas ¥j. Curtis, Nathaniel (Jrifhtlis, Lawrence Dingnian and Samuel Snmmei', in 1824. The First Kegiment of Middlesex militia in 1838-9 was presidiMJ over by Col. Talbot; L.Patterson was Lieut.-Colonel ; J. McQueen, ^lajor ; G. Wilson, J, Warren, A. Gillis and J. McKinlay, senior Cajitains ; Win. Shore, J. Sinies, J. Patterson, J. Robier, 11. D. Drake, J. T. Airey and G. Mum'o, commissioned Cai)tains in 18:^7; W. I5inl, G. Tiffany, T. McCull, J. Gillis and D. McKinlay, senior Lieutenants ; P. Drake, 11, Nicholls, J. liobier, 11. Evans, S. Harris, H. Burwcsll, J, Blackwood and E. McKinlay, commissioned Lieutenants iu 1837; 1). Mclntyre and D. Davis, Senior Ensigns ; H. Burden, T. Kobier, A. Backhouse, J. Thayer, R. Howard, J. li. Burwell, William Spore, 1). McGregor and J. Sinclair, commissioned Ensigns in 1837; J. Patter- son, Quartermaster, and J. Rolls, Surgeon. This regiment belonged to the Townships of Dunwich, Sonthwold and Aldborough. The Second Light Infantry of Middlesex was ])resided over by Colonel T. Radcliff, commissioned in 1837, with John Philpot Curniii, Lieut.-Colonel, and W. McKenzie, Major; W. RadcliH', P. Hughes and Robert Pegley, old Captains; J. J. Buchanan, T. Groome, J. P. Bellairs, J. Arthur, E. G. Bowen, in 1837, and R. H. Allen in 18:!8. Of the Lieutenants, William Collins was commissioned in 183'); H. L. Thompson, T. White, G. Somers, R. L. Johnston, H. G. Bullock, E. Bullock and G Pegley in 1837. Second Lieutenants, J. Phili])s, 1). Mcl'herson, W, McKenzie and C. White were corainLssioned in 1837, also Adjutant J. Arthurs. This regiment was raised in Adelniile Townshij). The Second Regiment of Middlesex militia was presided over in 1838-9 by M. Burwell, commissioned Colonel in 1822, with ■Uhi Biu'well, Lieut-Colonel in 1838, and H. Metctilfe, Major. The M Captiiins were Wm. Stanton, J. Defield, A. Backhouse, I. Draper, A. Dobie and W. Summers, in 1831 A. Foster was commissioned, ainl in 1838 G. Wrong, James Hutchinson, A. Santon and D. McKenmy. The Lieutenants in 1834-8 were J. Summers, H. House, J. Beuuer, T. Higginson, Michael Crawley. The Ensigns commissioned in I8:iti were G. Dobbie, J. R. Kennedy, W. Mcintosh, P. Defield, T. Edison: in 1832, A. McCasland, N. Lyon; in 1838. B. Plowman, (1. W, Holland, T. Jenkins, jr., and S. Livingstone. A. Foster was Adjutant, with R, J, Kennedy, Quartermaster. Of the cavalry comi)aiiy, H, f UOUNTV OF MIDDI-ESEX. 161 Gilbert was Major ; J. M. Crawford, Lieutenant ; J. Wright, Cornet. Tliis re-iiiuent was raised at Malaliide and Ikyliani. Tlie Tiiird Iteginient of Middlesex militia was raised in the Town- ships of Yarmouth, Westminster, Dorchester and Delaware, John Bostwick was Colonel in 18.S2. Jn 1838-9 the following oflicers were aitiMiinted;— Jl Wilson, Lt.-Col. ; -F. Nevilles, Major; D. Calder, Wni. Orr, J, Marlatt, W. V. Secord, J. C. Chrysler, J. K. Bostwick, M. Mc- Konzic, J. Manning; 1). I'nizer and S. E. Curtis, Cajjtains; S. Suni- Tiicr, (1. K. Williams, G. S. Bostwick, J. Miller, G. Claris, T. Spore, J. McKay, H. B. Bostwick, T. Hutchinson and J. S]X)re, Lieutenants; J. Ka])eljc, L. Tearce, S. Trice, V Ackland, J. Coughiil, A. Fortour, C. ^Iiiyward, D. Marlatt, F. Spore and Jt. Springer, Ensigns ; W. Garrett, Q, ^I. ; E. Ermatinger, Paymaster. The Cavalry com])an)' was com- manded by Cai)t. J. Ermatinger, M-ith J. E. Wf)odward, Lieutenant, and J. Bostwick, Cornet. Many of the officers and men of this com- mand served against the Patriots in 1837-8, prior to the organization of the Third Kegiment. The Fourth Kegiment was raised in Lobo, London and North Dorcliester Townships. In 1838, T. H. Bull was ajipointed Lieut.- (Jolonel. In 183."), S. Bullen was commissioned Major, and in 1823, K. Talbot, Ca])tain. The other oflicers of this command were all com- missioned in 1838, viz. : — Ca])tains, H, Kellally, A. Sinclair, J. Wilson, li. Jiobinson, J, B. O'Connor, W. S. Bullen anil G. Ilobinson. Lieu- tenants, John O'Neil, W, McMillan, J. McFadden, J. Jennings, P. Harding, J. Parkinson, T. Howard, B. Matthews, C. Madden and W. Crofton. Ensigns, W. jNIuttlebury, E. J. Handy, T. Harding, S. L. Ball, T. H. Ball, H. C. E Becher, J. Hawkins, W. Warren, A. D. McLean, T. Parkinson and D. Kent. F. Talbot, Quartermaster, and G. Moore, Surgeon. The Adjutant, E. Eoliertson, was commissioned in 1835. The cavalry company was commanded by A. Eobert.son, appointed in 1835. Lieutenant, J. Warren, and Cornet, A. Kier, in 1838. After the military organization of 1824, a banquet was given at Peter McGregor's tavern, then opposite the waterworks at Spring- bank, where Eichard Thompson now live.?. In the evening, Thomas Lawrason said at the table : — " I do not want any common men but we ofUcers to sit at this table." What ensued did away with the pleasures of the evening, the men descending on the table and taking a full share in the material jiart of the banquet. The Fifth Eegiment of Middlesex militia was commanded by S. Craig, Colonel, in 1837; J. B. Clench, Lt.-Col.; and F. Summers^ Major. The Captains commis,sioned in 1832 were J. McFarland, B. Springer, D. Lockwood and C. Gibbs ; in 1836, W. M. Johnston, and in 1838, J. S. Cummins. All the Lieutenants were appointed ia 1832 :— J. McFarlane, H. Miller, A. D. Ward, C. I). Sparling and T. Lautry. The Ensigns were H. Anderson, W. Sparling, J. Miller, jr., ill 1832, and D. Lockwood iu 1836. In the latter year, W. M. Jolin- 152 HISTOIIY OF THK ston was commissioned Adjutant. The rof^imeJit was raised in the Townships of Caradoc, Ekfrid and M(»sa. In 1837-8, London was selected as a military station, the ;)2nd British Infantry beiiit; the first to occupy tlvj place ; while the Sotii Infantry occujued St Thomas and Sandwich, the former commanded by Col. Maitland, who was to obey the magistrates. In l8;S7-8, Dr. Charles Duncombe conur.anded a band of Patriots from Yarmouth, Malahide ami the Townshiji of Middlesex. The fate of this little com])any was such as the de.s])erate odds might warrant. The few who ventiu'ed to return to their hames were carried away at once to the London jail, until the one strong room of that institution held forty political ])risoners, exclusive of the men who were taken out to die or to be sent ])risoners to the seat of government. A Few Soldiers. — Thomas Carling served through the trouble of 1837-8 in Captain Robinson's London Cavalry Com[)any. Alex. Macdonald, a Scotch conmiissioned officer in the nQth British Infantry, sold his commission in 1834, and, coining to Canada, served against the Patriots. He was arrested at Bufl'alo for his supposed connection with the " Caroline ail'air," Vait was released through the influence of friends. In June, 1850, he moved to London, where lie Ciirrioil on a land agency Vnisiness ; was the first appraiser of the Trust and Loan Company of Upper Canada and the originator of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Comjiany. He died in 1879, aged 70 years. Thomas liadcliH'e, born at Castle Coote, Ireland, and educated at JJublin, joined the British army in 1811, and, during the squabble of 1837-8, his command captured the schooner Anne at Maiden, Jainiaiy 9, 1838. After this affair he was a])pointed a member of the Legi.slii- tive Council, and this ]iosition he held until his death in 1841. In 1832 he sold his half-pay, which he had from 1816, and settled in Adelaide Town.ship, where he was appointed magistrate find colonel of militia. In taking the schooner, the Patriot Anderson, for whose capture £100 were ottered, was so badly beaten that he died Tiext day. lu di'y, 1838, a letter from the Clerk of the Peace at London to John Mt. .alay, Secretary to the Lieutenant-Governor, contained a report by the Justices of Quarter Sessions on the com])laint of Isaac Draper against John Burwell, a magistrate. On August 1, the Clerk- informed Mr, Burwell that a memorial by Thomas Jenkins, sr., Peter Clayton, Thomas Higginsou, John Christie, Dr. James Jackson, K. X., John M. Crawford, James McKnight, N. McKinnon and 55 otliers, residents of Bayham, Malahide and adjoining townships, containini; gi'ave charges against him, was received. A memorial signed bv Henry Metcalfe, Major of the Second Regiment Middlesex militia. and 66 others in justification of Burwell's conduct was also acknow- ledged. This trouble grew out of the outrages perpetrated by tiie loyal militia of the London District in Norwich and other townships in July, 1838, and prior to that date. The complaint of Joseidi H. Thockmorton, made in October, 1838. against the militia called out in and iccni) MiUh in 18o4;- siicceedL.d coiiiniaiide CointHTiVj 1% and h' ^^'li'Ie, al.so <-'"|'t. MliiTi l«r2Uie « ^'f'e, iVajor In iHoQ ■R'fle Conipa, store-kecpej. «">"ed A/ajor '^ivnvD, SuVne I'o'iipany «^i, ^u>vhy and \ '^'t'ut. D. ill. ^ JJuiican M ^^■'ti^h artilJon , ^'"/ada in isil ■ ^«<3/ Jie „,as ai : seveivd years h 01 'i&inest. 1,1 °r''f' '^''i to LoiK Volunteer Artijl f '■" "1 /rolandl ;"•' f «• AbboJ now Jiving-. j„l /"oIvODdon ll ^ ''oJenzie'« batf ' '8^« the J,, J '^''V- ^'i'e field ;;*'' by Canadial J «:««H and i "'"^ joined in ll jear.s I °'ff""A'd i„ i J I COl'NTY OK midhlksex. 168 NiPiwicIi townsliip in July, was tiibliid, but .subsequently considered 1111(1 iccfiinniendeti to the (rovernor. MiUiartj OriiiOiizationn. — The first cavalry regiment was raised i,j 1854: — No. i Troop at St. Thomas, by Capt, Bannerman, who waa succeeded by Major Uole ; No. 2 at London, by (.'apt. lUu'gess, later ciiiimianded by Lieut. Strothers during tlie Fenian troubles ; No. 3, of (,'ourtwriglit, by (Japt. Bridge water, later under Major Stewart, Lieut's Day and Fitzgerald. The Kingsville com])any was organized by Capt. Wigle, also in 1854-, but di.sbanded shortly, was dead until 1871, when Ciijit. Murray revived it, and later gave the command to Wigle. In 1(S72 the companies were organized as a regiment with Lieut. Col. Cole, Major Dempster, Adjt. Neville, Quartermaster B. Higgins, Sur- geon King and Veterinary J. H. Wilson. In 1H56 Major H. Bruce was appointed to command the Volunteer Rifle Ci)ni])anies at London, and Sergeant- Major W. Starr was appointed store-keeper in 1857. In May, 1S55, James Shanly was commis- sioned ^hijor ; J. G. Home and V. Croiiyn, Lieutenants ; and V. A. IJniwii, Surgeon of the London Field Battery. The London Second Kifle Company wiis commanded by Capt. A. C. Hammond, Lieutenants S. Movley and W. C. L. Gill, with J. Macbeth, Ensign. The London Higliliiiid liifle Company was commanded by Capt. James Mollatt, Lieut. D. M. McDonald, Ensign VV'. Muir, and Surgeon D. McKellar. Duncan Mackenzie, born in Scotland in 1787, .served in the Briti.sh artillery at Waterloo ; married in Scotland in 1816; came to Canada in 1817, and Oct. 16, 1818, settled on Con. 4, London. In 18o7 he was appointed militia cajjtain, and in 1857 magistrate. For several years he was Acting and Associate Commi.ssioner of the Court of Bequest. In 1837 he connnanded a battery at Chippewa, was then ordered to London, where, in 1841, he rai.sed the London Independent Volunt(!er Artillery, which he kept up at his own expense for fifteen years. In 1856 hv. retired, and died Aug. 2, 1875. Thomas Peel, born in Ireland in 1826, settled at London in 1842-3. In 1843, when Squire Mackenzie organized the first militia company of artillery, he and A. S. Abbott were the first to join. The latter is the only member now living. In 1841 Peel established his merchant-tailoring house, which lie conducted until his death in 1884. Tiie London Field Battery may be said to be the successor to Capt. Mackenzie's battery of 1841, of which A. S. Abbott was a member. In 1856 the jn'esent battery was organized by Col. Shanly and Major Starr. The field guns were brought from Engkuid, being the first used by Canadian militia. In 1866 this command was at Sarnia for two weeks, and in later times apjieared on the frontier. Capt. Peters, who joined in 1866, succeeded Shanly. Cap' ^jhn Williams has serveii 22 years with the battery. Preparing to Invade tlu; States. — Buckley's Artillery Corps was organized in December, 1861; also the Merchants' liifle Co., with dipt. Taylor commanding; also Major Bruce's Volunteer Corps. 154 IIISTOUY OF THK Wliile at Strathroy, lit.-Uol. Johnston was oiii^aj^od in (lu! work of niilitnry orj,'imizitioii Civ])t. Miicbotli's conipany wus thoroni,'Iily oi'gani/od. In lliis luonlli also tlie leaders of tlu! militia iussenil)l('d in one of i^awrasoii's lari^'c loonis for ]K'rfe(;lin^ themselves in military drill. Anioiit,' the oflieers wen? : — Colonel, .1. H. Askin ; Lieut.- Colonels, li. Lawrasoii and J. Wilson ; ('attains, H. L. Tlioini)S()n, .T. ]\ Strathy, H. Chi.sholni, VV. l-iiwrason, J. C. Meredith, Cha.s. (i Hope, A. G Smyth; Licntenants, F. Kerl)y, Henry T^onfj, Samuel Peters,!. H, Buckley, I). M. Tii()m])sun, J. 1?. Smyth; Knsigns, George Symonds, E. W. Heid, J.L.Williams N. Monsamvt, H. C'ronyn, Paul Phials; Ca])tain and Adjutant, A. Walsh. Major James Jtivers of the London Cavalry was retired in 1861; Cajit. A. C. Hammond of tlui Second London lliflc Co., in 1.S60 ; Lieut. !). McDonald of London Highland liifle Co. and Lieut. Thomas O'lhiuii London Field Battery, later. In I8(j2, James jMoll'att and J(»hn I. Macken;;ie organized a High- land Scotch militarj' company at Loiidon. At their joint expense this (•omjiany was equipped and uniformed, the clothes being purchased at (llasgow, Scotland. Mackenzie was a private and Moffatt a Cajttain. At the time of the Trent all'air, ^Llckenzie raiscid and commanded L'n. 1, London Battalion of 7th Fusiliers, but moved to Hamilton in 1866. He settled at London in 1853. Til FelM'uary, ISO'J, a number of British troops, incbiding the G^lrd Regiment, arrived at London in addition to the volunteer force of Middlesex, and excitement in re the invasion by Americans ran so high that the Phcenix Fire Company was converted into " a Home Guard Rifle Company." Tlie illegal capture of Mason and Slidell ])y the Americans in November, 18G1, and the general sympathy of Canadians with the Southern States, almost lead tlie people of Canada into the mesh of British diplomacy in 18(32. In fact, matters were carried to such extremes of indignation that the whole military force of Canada and Great Britain was ready to attempt the invasion of the Northern States Federal diplomacy settled the trouble jiromptly, repaired the illesil act by surrendering the capturing Southern Commissioners and admit- ting the mistake, and local atlairs, so far as Middlesex was concerned, allowed the British Government to withdraw the troops without fear of a resort to arms with the United States. In the spring of 1863 the (piestion of withdrawing the troo])s from London was made more interest'ng by the following paragrajih in the Governor's letter to Major-General Napier : — " I base reasons on the assumption that a majority of members of this Council and the citizens are .so constituted by nature that they are without any sense or knowledge of right or wrong, of honor or j ustico, until it reaches their understanding through their pocket." The Council denounced Governor Williams vehemently, and contradicted many of his statements, ami attributed to him a desire to gi'atify his own i)rivate feelings at the expense of the Empire. This affair grew out of Mayor Cornish beating COUNTY UK MIDDLESEX. ir>.- vdin l«»n; SCO; Li<'"t' miasO'Uvieii nteev force ot '^eviciins van so into " a ll"if ,y of CaiKulwiis inada into the vevo earned to ofCauaaaaud KorUieru Slates irecl t\ie ^^ \ers aiu\ admit- I was coiicevued, L without feai and kiekiiij,' the commaiidiiiit. He would not upulogise, and so the (jiinisdii was leinuved. M Hilary Atf'dlrx in iSd't. — Tlie sedentiuy inihtia of the Eighth District in 1805 claiiuetl Colonel John 11. A.skin, Commandant ; Major Munidck MeKenzie, Assistant Adjutant-Clunerul ; Major Honry liruce, Assistant (^Quartermaster Ceneral. The first battalion on sedentary inilitiu in London claimed Lieutenant-Colonel L. Lawrason as ('oni- miiiiihuit, and the second, Lieutenant-Colonel John Wilson. These IdiMieil tlie first battalion of Middlesex militia formerly. The eight liatlalidus of Miikllesex militia were presided over respectively by LiiuteiiautColonels William McMillan, appointed in 1856 ; Wm. Niks, IHoli; William (Jrr, 1855; lienjarain Springer, 1852; William M. Joiinsnn, 1855; John Arthurs, 1852; Kichard Irwin, 1854; and John Scatclierd, 185o, the latter ranking in militia since 1848. On November IH, 1805, Colonel Shanly received an order to hold the volunteers in readiness to repel the Fenian invaders. No. 2 €(ini]iany comprised Captain McPherson, Lieutenant Grilliths, Ensign Ellis, Colov-Sergeant McGee, Sergeants McKenzie, Fitzgerald and I'dito ; Corjiorals, Yates, I'ayne, Teele and Kolson ; Lance-Corporals, linice, I'ewarand Mcintosh; Bugler, Smart; Privates, Collins, Neil, Killy, Winnett, Blair, Weir, Bonthion, Fortune, Joe Kelly, Dixon, Mutlht, McMullen, Horner, I'arker, llolston, Baker, Mitchell, Hawkins, Munuy, Iteid, Foster, Wilson, Stewart, Cranshaw, Watson, Templeton, Stinson, Crosby, Maddover, Burns, Cox, Mcintosh, Smith, Patterson, (Imhiini, Shaw, Koss, Loftus, Saunders, Bogers, Carter, Cameron, Wdodbuvy. Alway, Clark, Henderson, Short, Higby, Lawrence, Wright, Sticke, McDowell, Jackson and Cawston. The advance guard left for Sandwich November 18. On November 24th the 60th British Rifles arrived at London. This regiment, known as the King's Own Rifles, was commanded by Viscount Ciough. The 4th Battalion, 600 men, which came to Lon- don was commanded by Col. Hawloy. On November 29, John Mc- Dowell, of the London Service Co., died at Windsor. The 26th Regiment dates back to 1866 ; Capt. Graham's Delaware Iiidfpundent Company was the nucleus of this command. In the fall of this year it was increased to a battalion, and on Septend)er 1, went into cam p at Thorold to re[)el the Fenians. On Sei)tember 14, it was received as jjart of the Canada Militia with Col. Graham, commanding. Col. Attwood succeeded him in 1870, and Col. English succeeded him in 1882. In 1887 this command comprised 320 men and o2 officers. The 28th Regiment was organized in 1866 to repel the Fenians. Coiniianius 1 and 2 were called out from Stratford in 1865 to serve at Windsor; the other companies being raised in 1866, and all placed under Col. Service. He was succeeded by Col. Smith, who accom- l«nied Gen. Wolseley to Manitoba in 1870. Col. Scott took command ni 1872 and gave place to Col. McKnight. .fl (jh'im Juke. — The so-called invasion by the Fenians dates back 156 HISTOUY OF THE to June 1st, 1866, when a force of about 550 men crosserl Lhe Niaf,',ava river and held Fort Erie. On .Tune 2 tliey advanced eight miles lo Port Colborne, where the '■ Queen's Own " under Colonel Booker was encountered. The oflicial report states that : — " On Saturday mornino they advanced towards Port Colborne about eisj;ht miles, when they met a force of 900 volunteers under Colonel Hooker, wlio were tin-own into some little confusion, but afterwards retired in good order some two miles. Tliis conflict was the battle of Pidgeway, and lasted about one hour. The Canadian loss was seven killed and some fifty wounded. Six dead Fenians were left on the field. Some two hours after, the enemy retired on Fort Erie to find the jilace occupied by tlie Port Robinson Foot Artillery, numlx ring thirty-eight men, who cnmu in a boat from Port Colborne. The gallant little band were soon over- powered. Seve' -1 of oiu' men were woundeu in this contest, but none killed.* The captain of the battery had his leg am])utated yesterday in Bnfi'alo. The Fenians then rested them.selves, threw out picket.^ along the shore, and busied themselves as they tliought best until about twelve o'clock on Saturday night, when a lot of barges and small boats came alongside. Into these the Fenians ru.shed pell-mell, and escaped to the other side, with the exception of some 600 or 70(1 under guard of the American steamer Michigan. Thus ended the invasion of Canada, in forty-eight hours after its comraenrement." In 1866 James A. Skinner, of Hamilton, was gazetted Lieut.-Col. of the Thirteenth Regiment, vice Col. I5uchanan retired. Speaking df this Fenian invasion, he says that he was present at the Limeridfie engagement with the Fenians, under Col. Booker's command. He was ordered to advance his battalion, and was soon engaged WiHi the enemy. On looking round, he saw, with dismay, that the Qutien'? Own Regiment and Col. Booker had disajipeared, and later learned that the whole outfit had AchI l)y the Fort Colborne road. The force sent forwaril from Middlesex returned on Jmie 4tli. The Advertiser's report is as follows : — " On arriving at Port Colborne, the London companies were joined by two from Woodstoclc, one fron Drumbo, one from Princeton atid one from Ingersoll, forming a battalion of ten companies, under command of Major A. McPherson, London. Major Gregg, of Woodstock, was appointed Senioi- Major; Captain Beard, .lunior Major, and Lieutenant Jaa. A. Craig, Tiondoii, acted as Adjutant. At eight o'clock on Monday night the London volunteers anived home, per Great Western Railway, all safe and sound, not a single casiudty having occurred to any ot them. There must have been some 4,000 persons on the ]ilatform, who sent up a deafening shout of welcome as the train of eighteen cars arrived. Tlie following was the force : — Four comi)anies of the 60th Rifles ; two companies of the 16th Regiment; five companies of the London Volunteers ; one company Drumbo Volunteers ; two companies Wood- son June 6th a ereat military funeral was held at Toronto, regiment, killed un the Held, were burled that dajr. Five members of tbi» stock liOiKie torolie sjii'eaci attacki square -Afayor of will (he no daniit'i'. of (he •AlcUriii (heir aci nieiit wi The men, wii for Sai'ii Vienna J -"^fcKeiizi under th( -■■ (lie ISiv'dt ' at Londoi r and 17 nil <) and ])ro( oil active l^eiawaiv On Si entered .St Willia, ■ Bi-'c,'iinent, have gone lonnds of '0 figllt 111 '''■om Maiti The first remember poor fellow, at the dep. ('■emendousj t>'Callag|,a,i aiiJ the otli i>en had q, 'landing oil, liave ,seen ^■aniiiig to lu June what course COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 157 fee A Ibe Niapava ight miles to ;f Booker was u'day moniing s, wVien thiiV o'weve thrown ,(1 order some ay, and lasted [\nd some fifty )me two hours occupied by the men, who came were soon ovev- )ntest, but ""ue tated yesterday rew out picket? ju^ht best until t of barges and •ushed peli-iiiiiil. ,mc GOO or 70(i Thus ended tbe nenrement." netted Lieut.-Col. •ed. Speaking ct iit the Linieru^t^^ , command. He on engaged w.tji ] that the Queen? land later learned I'oad. ,ed on Jmie 4tli. at Port Colbovne, Woodstock, one hoersoll, forming a ior A. McVherson, ted Senior Maiur; A. Craig, bondou, night tlu." London ,ay, all safe;"*! , ot them. Ther. m, who sent «V ^ cars arrived. ^^^ I 60th Kifles; t^^o cs of the boudoj' companies Wood- '^;:;;^embers of tbi» stock liifles ; one company Princeton Rifles. • The whole force was headed by the volnnteer band and a number of firemen bearing torclies, who led the way to the drill shed, where six long tables were sjiread with bread and cheese, hams, butter, beer, etc. The men attacked the edibles witli a will, declaring it to be the only ' good, .sijuare meal,' they had taken since the campaign commenced. The Mayor ^iroposed several loyal and patriotic toasts, the most important of which was: 'The health of our guests. Her Majesty's troops, and the noble volunteers who have gone to the front in the hour of danger.' The City Council deserve credit for recognizing the services (if the volunteers in this matter. Messrs. Carling, Glackmeyer, McBride, H. Fysh and J. B. Smyth, were e.specially conspicuous in their activity. The noble fellows being well tired out, the entertain- ment was not prolonged." Tlie London Field Battery of Artillery, numbering sixty-eight men, with guns, ammunition, horse.s, etc., left on the night of June 2 for Sarnia. The Port Stanley Marines, Captain l^llison, sixty men ; Vienna liifles. Captain Treadley, forty men ; St. Thomas Rifles, Captain McKenzie, sixty men, accoinjjanied the battery. This force was under the command of Colonel Slianly. On the evening of June (Jtli the Strathroy company, under Lieutenant-Colonel .lohnston, arrived at London. Cai)tain Attwood, Lieutenant Stevenson, three sergeants and 17 men of the Komoka Volunteer Rifles arrived ou G. W. R. June I) and ]>roceeded to the Drill Shed, the balance of the company being on active service at Sarnia, having been amalgamated with the Delaware Rifles in March, 1860. On SuTiday, June 15, buglers and drummers are said to have entered St. Paul's Church during service, summoning the men to arms. William Hyman, who came to London in 186,") with the 53rd Regiment, sjteaking of the Fenian scare, says : — " Mfiny a Sunday 1 have gone to St. Paul's Church with my rifle on my shoulder and forty rounds of ball ammunition in my cartridge jxnich, expecting to have to fight my way back from the chv.rch to the barracks. W(> came from Malta by ship to Hamilton, and thence to London by flat cars. The first London man I met was old Mr. Wheelei-. Perlia[)s you remember him. He had only one arm. He'.s dead and gone now, poor fellow. Then the 60th Rifles, who were stationed here, met us at the dejwt and gave us a bamjuet in the evening, and we had a tremendous time. The men were (juartered then down in the old O'Callaghan block, opposite the court-house, — that is, one wing was, and the other was opposite in the Mackenzie buildings. Wc married : men had (piarters in the Robinson Hall. Col. Harence was our com raanding otticer then, and a fine fellow he wa.s, too. Many a night I liave seen him on the streets until morning, ready at a moment'.s warning to turn his men out." lu .Fune, 1866, a meeting of the City Council was held to consider what course should be pursued in case the militia were ordered to thfr 158 HISTORY OK THE front. The Mayor was directod to consult with Col. Hawley. Col. Bruce, who was perniittod to address the Council, recommended the organization of a Home Guard. It appears tlie troojjs were ordered out immediately, for on June 4 refreshments were provided, for volun- teer and regular soldiers were to leave V)y the 7 p. m. tmin for the front. During the excitement pistols were bought; Alderman Glack- meyer purchasing two from Thomi)son, which were to be charged to the city. Col. Peters, speaking on the subject, says: — "In 18(56, during the Fenian raid, we were ordered to Sarnia three times. Once we only got back and got our horses unhitcheil, M'hen a telegram came to go tn the front again. The infantry were sent down to Fort Erie. The ciivalry were attached to the 6()th Rifles, and stayed right here in the •city. 1 tell you we saw lots of fun then, if we hadn't any fightinj;." Col. Taylor commanded the infantry then with Major Barber, wliile Col. F. I'ettrs commanded the cavalry. On June 20, 1866, the County Council gi-anted $300 to each volun- teer coni})aiiy, while a motion to pay volunteers who "nobly responded to the call for the defense of our lives and property, when a band of murderers and rol)bers invaded our country" twenty-five cents per •day for actual service after March 1, 1866, was negatived. In June, 1866 the $o{)0 grant was rescinded and an aimual appropriation for all volunteer comjianies in the county of !?2,500 made. On March 4, 1885, Mr. Broder, of the Ontario House, with Messrs. Ross and Meredith, of Middlesex, pre.seTited resolutions dealing with the volunteers of 1837-8, and 1866, asking for suitable recognition ot their services. After the War. — Tlie militia roll for 1867 shows a total eurolraeiit of 9,759 men, namely : — Adelaide 512 Nis80uri West tiOl Biddulidi 03(5 Strathroy M: Delaware 281 Williams East a2t: Dordiester North .'i'JS Williams West id': Ekfrid 513 Mosa 6H London Ij'lTO Lobo Hi Metcalfe 127 Westminster 1,031 Caradoc 77ti Mctlillivray "12 The Queen's Birthday of 1868 was celebrated at London by Lieut- Col. Harence's Fifty-third Infantry, with Major Ualzell commanding: Lieut.-Col. Sinijison's E. Battery, R. A.; Lieut.-Col. Lewis' London | Light Infantry ; Lieut.-Col. Messitcr's Sixty-ninth Infantry; Ciiptaiii Dempster's London Cavalry Trooji; Lieut.-Col. Shaidy's Volunteoi Fiekl Battery. There weie 320 ni(!n in the seven com])aiii('s of tlit I London Infantry Regiment, and thirty-five in the cavalry troo[i. I" I June the Fifty-third Regiment left London for (^)uel)ec. lied Riw'r Trimbles, J St;f)-70.— The Reil River party, coniini'in^ | Joseph Howe, J. Turner, W. Mctjriegor, H. Sewell and \V. E Sail "' started for Fort Giurv in 1869. COUNTY or MIDDLESEX. 1.59 iwley. t,"l- unetulcd the were ovdeved .d, for volun- U-ain fov tk jrmaix Glack- be charged to )Otoeachvo\un- nobly vcs\wude4 when a band ot tv-five cents vev ,ived. "^^ ,, ,piopviationU'iaU ^ions dealing, ^^l* ^xble recognition ot a total enrolnien'^ On November 13, 1869, the first news of the movement to prevent tlic entrance of Governor McDongall to the lied River settlement was received at London. Tlie strength of the 7th Battalion London Light Infantry, as returned to Government by 1). A. G. Taylor in January, 1869, was 363 men, made up as follows : — No. 1 Gompany, Captain D. C. Mac- donald, 55 men ; No. 2, Captain H. Bruce, 55 ; No. 3, Captain J. Walker, 42 ; No. 4, Captain W. U. Meredith, 55 ; No. 5, Captain M. I). Dawson, 49; No. 6, Captain J. A. Craig, 52; No. 7, Captain E. Teale, 55. Total, 363 men. The actual strength of the battalion was, liowever, put down at about 380 men, as some of the companies had more tlian the full com])lement. Captain Demp.ster's Cavalry Troop had re- enrolled to the required strength, and Colonel Shanly's Battery had been numerously recruited. On the same date the following orders were issued from th(^ Militia Department at Ottawa: — "Major W. B. Pliillips, District (i)uartermaster, is appointed Brigiide Major of the 7th Brigade Division of Military District No. 3, vice Shaw, resigned. Volunteer Militia of the Province of Ontario, 7th Battalion London Light Infantry, No. 4 Company, Captain, provisionally, George Birrell, vice W. R. Meredith, dismissed ; to be Lieutenant, William Port, gentleman, M.S., vice R. Meredith, resigned ; to be Ensign, provisionally, James Magee Yates, gentUiuian, vice ( '. S. Corrigan, resigned." On April 6, 1870, a .statement, referring to the disruption of the Seventh Battalion of volunteers, was signed by a number of the late otiicers of tiie organization, namely: — D. C. Macdonald, W. R. Mere- ilitii, James A. Craig, Harry Bruce, E. T. Teale, Captains ; Thomas N. (jreene, K. M. Meredith and C. Bennett, Lieutenants, and C. S. Corrijran, Ensign. The statement was drawn out by the reflections made V>y tlie Minister of Militia in Parliament on the command. On Ajiril 12, 1870, the London P>attery was ordered out to repel a ;;4 threatened invasion of Canada by the Fenians, and on the 14th left f; for Saniia under Col. Shanly and Capt. Peters. On April 14, 1870, the Dominion Parliament suspended the Habeas Corpus and adopted other measures to meet the threatened Fenian invasion of Canada. 0-1 May 26, 1870, the right half of the London Field Battery returned to Sarnia under Capt. Peters, while Major Cole's St. Thomas ^;i; Ca\alry troo]) of tlnrty-five men, proceeded to Windsor. On June ;: 2iid Lieut.- C(d. Taylor recalled tlie battery, cavalry and all, from the frontier. A great meeting was held at London April 9, 1870, to con- sider the question of tlie Red Kiver troubles. In May, 1870, volunteers for the North-west flocked toward the : lendezvous at London, and on May 5, left for Toronto in charge of t'lluiiel MoHiitt. Among the volunteers were twenty men of the '^'\i'iith liattalion, namely: — Jose])h F. Tennant, Thomas Bayles, • uMiige Taylor, Josejdi Tuson, W. Mills, William Patterson, John Mi'Doiiald, John Cotter, Lawrence McGovern, James Barnes, Ambrose U 160 HISTORY OF THE Stock, Jas. H. Cadhani, lioger Tuson, E. Rousell, G. T. \i, Josi'iih Tolhurst, D. CainjilHill, VV. Wilson, Captain J. H. Campbell, M. I)., John Cameron, John Mitchell. In December, 1874, Wm. A. Farnier, of Manitoba, sent in lii>i application for the reward ofl'ered by Middlesex fur tht^ ai)prehensioii of Kiel, who, it is allecjed, ordered the execution (jf Thomas Scott. Militia 1870-82.— Tha First Brigade Division in 1870-1, of Military District No. 1, comprised the regimental divisions of Essex, Kent, Bothwell, Lambton, West, North and East Ridings of Middlesu.x, West and East Hidings of Elgin, North and South Ridings of Oxford, and London City. The quota of the 1st and 2nd Brigade Divisions, of District No. 1, wiis 5,517. The ofhcers comprised Lieut.-Col. John B. Taylor, D. A. G. ; Cajjt. F. B. Leys, District l*aymaster ; Lieul.- Col. James Molfatt, Brigade Major. The 26th Middlesex Battalion ;— Lieut.-Col. Wm. Graham and Major Peter H. Attwood, had hcml- (juarters at London ; No. 1 Com))any, Delaware, was commanded by Captain Wm. Cox ; No. '1, K.omoka, John Steven.son ; No. 3, Haniels- ville, John McMillan; No. 4, Thamesford, Captain Thomas Dawes, No. 5, Lucan, Captain John C. Frank ; No. 6, Parkhill, Captain Jo3, Cornell; No. 7, Strathroy, Captain John English; Paymaster, J nines Johnson; Adjutant, W. F. Bnllen; (jjuartermaister, Frank Huglisun; Surgeon.s, Geo. Billington and James A. Sommerville. The 26th Battalion, assembled at Strathroy in September, 187i), was made up as follows: — Lieut -Colonel Attwood, Major English, Surgeons Billington and Hoare, Paymaster C. Murray, Quarternia.stei, Cuddy and Adjutant J. Cameron. The 26th Band was also, of course, in attendance. The entire Battalion numbered al)ont 300, consisting' of seven companies, as follows: — No. 1, Delaware, Captain Ganiett, Lieut. Harris, Ensign Mcintosh ; No. 2, Napier, Captivin Lindsay, Lieut. Beer, Ensign Dunlap; No. 3, Harrietsville, ('apt. McMillan, Lieut. Choate, Ensign Nugent; No. 4, Thamesfonl, Captain Brown, Lieut. Douglas, Ensign Holmes; No. 5, Lucan, Captain McMillan; No. 6, Parkhill, Captain McKellar, Lieut. Johnston, Ensign Johnson; No. 7, Strathroy, Captain Irwin, Lieut. D. M. Cameron and Eiisii;ii McKay. The first regiment of Cavalry was commanded in 1882 by Lieut- Col. J. Cole, with Major F. Peters in command of troop No. 2, and i Major Stewart of troop No. 3. The London Field Battery was com- manded at this time by Major Peters. The 7th Battalion, or Fusiliers, claimed in 1882 a force of 28 officers and 301 men, the members present at annual drill being Si | and 289 respectively. Liout.-Col. John Walker commanded, wif Captains Smith, Miller, McKen^ie, Macbeth, Gartshore, Peel anii| Mahon, all of London. The 25th Battalion, or Elgin Infantry, was commanded in 1882 1 Lieut.-Col. O'Malley, of Wardsville; Captains Ellis, Watt, WeislmJ.! Moore and Lindsay, of St. Thomas. The actual strength at insjiection j was 18 officers and 170 men. I comu ware, Avon, men. Ni ^(iT(^. i breeds, some s( of obta police f( what tJi '"g nam f'lis fore StiLson, 'IfcCallui H. Wooa ^rbuckJe, arrival tlii 'o carry o, The J,a years for tj fo captui'o ''eforo ad(ir, forniity wit fintidjlatiii.. would ^, forced th e/j the ■o'Jey into enraged "lentanddej '"Emitted thf needleasly \^, ,«enger to P; be reniovec Jore th Individ added bra e nie.sl ual i\I that J^.^e been sla] "'as that! a'ternatl f''"P«'gn. the) %lit otiiei ■ ftmij les. wj ont wa.s COUNTY OF MIUDLESliX. IGl IV, ^im'\^ ,be\l, M- 1^- sent in Uis 'avpve\vensioii as Scott. ,1 1870-1, of ons of Essex, aoaiidtex, lap of Oxford, nule Divisious, icut..Col ;lol|U master; Lu-ut- ,ex battalion :- ,-ood, ^''^^i^rf; commanded iiy ^o. 3, Havnets- Thomas Daw-s- ■ill Captain .)o3. ..w'mastor, Jauies VvankHugliso"- September, l87o, eV Maior Vm^^' ov Quartermastev, ^^sa\so.ofcours«, t>ut 300, consiswv, r Captain Ganiett '' CapUin LuuUa}, a Captain Bvo«i>, tptain McMi^^'">' ■^ &^n Johnson; Le;ou"aud Y^^f ' Lin 1882 by to;^ ! of troop ^0.2, ' Battery ^vas com | |l882 a force of 'M l,ual driU hem^^ Ir commanM^y iartshore, l««' bps- The 26th Battalion, or Middlesex Light Infantry, in 1882, was commanded by Lieut.-Col. Attwood, with Captains Garnett, of Dela- ware, Choate, of Han'ietsville, Dreaney, of Crumlin, and Wood, of Avon. The force present at inspection drill was 12 officers and 154 men. North-west Troubles of 188,5.— The North-west troubles of 1885 were in some resjiecLs, so far as the evils coiiii)lained of by the half- breed.s, similar to those of Ontario of 18:>7-8. They had grievances, some sentimental, some real, for which they songht redress. Instead of obtaining any of the favors looked for, they beheld the mounted police force strengthened and ])rej)arations made for reducing them to what they considered a state of servitude. In May, 1885, the follow- ing named thirty-one men left London, Wyoming and Komoka, to join this force : — James Armstrong, J. F. Forbes, VV. McCalluni, J. W. Stilson, E. McKenzie, H. H. Ellerton, G. W. Steele, J. Barber, D. A. McCallum, H. Bertram, H. A. Fletcher, J. Johnston, McCall, H. (Jreeii, R. C. Curry, W. C. Maker, H. Craig, J. Lancaster, I'at Naven, H. Woodward, Pain, Stansfield, Short, i\icLellan, W. H. Mason, A. Arbuckle, D. Steel, W. E. Heron, A. Heron, J. Collins. Before their arrival this i)etty insurrection took ])lace. Eiel, the leader, intended to carry on this agitation without the shetlding of blood. The half-breeds, Eiel maintained, had sti'uggled unsuccessfully for years for the attainment of their rights, and as a last resort determined to capture Major Crozier and the Mounted Police of Prince Albert, before addressing themselves to the authorities at Ottawa. In con- formity with this plan, the half-breeds assembled at Duck Lake, never anticii)ating firing a shot, but wi-re confident that the handful of police would gladly lay down their arms. Unfortunately, however, Crozier forced the fighting, and without a word of warning, ])oured a murderous volley into the concealed foe. Smarting under the loss of a companion, the enraged and now uncontrollable half-breeds returned the compli- ment and defeated the volunteers and police in short space. Eiel, who admitted that he j)articipated in the engagement, added that Crozier needlessly left the dead upon the field. He subseiiuently sent a mes- senger to Prince Albert, assuring the authorities that the bodies could be removed without molestation on his part. Sanderson, the man who 'oore the message, met with ill success, and in ciimping with another individual days after, conveyed the bodies to Prince Albert. Eiel added that a number of Indians participati^d and displayed great bravery. He also maintained that the wounded on the field would have been slaughtered but for his interference. The result of the first %ht was that fighting was pushed upon the half-breeds, who had no other alternative than to defend themselves. Throughout the entire campaign, the principle of self-defense was advocated, and the half- hreeds unanimously agreed to act oidy in the preservation of their families. When the near approach of Middleton was learned, Gabriel lliimont was sent out to reconnoitre, with positive instructions not to 162 HISTOIiY OK I'llK givo battle. The imi)etuous half-breed, however, disobeyed, and witli only sixty lolloweis, held several hundred volunteers and artillerymen at bay. His entire force at liatoche never exceeded four hundred and fifty, not including one hundred and fifty others stationed on the oppo- site bank of the river in anticipation of an attack from that point. Although the police and volunteers were signally defeated, their organization earned them through to success until the half-breeds and Indians were scattered. Subsequently many of the leaders were made prisoners, and ultimately Louis Kiel himself was Ciiptured, tried for iiigh treason and hanged. During his im|)risonment he was denied all intercourse with the world outside his cell, even the press reporters being denied admittance. It is said that Gen. Middleton would have lost his artillery, had not a Connecticut man, named Howard, opened on the half-breeds with the Gatling gun. In April, 18S5, the 7th Fusiliers left London for the North-west. The staff comprised W. De Eay Williams, Lieut.-Colonel ; Majors ymith and Gartshore, Adjutant Reid, (Quartermaster Smyth and Surgeon Fraser The Captains were Ed. McKenzie, Frank Butler, Thomas H. Tracy, Captain Dillon and S. Frank Peters. The Lieutenants were Bapty and Bazan, Chisholni and Gregg, Cox and I'ayne, Hesketh, Jones and Pojje. The Statf-sergeants were Sergeant-Major Byrne, Paymaster-Sergeant W. H. Smith, Quartermaster-Sergeant J. Jury; Sergeant of Ambulance, A. Campbell ; Sergeant of Pioneers, M. Cotter. The private troops were Color-Sergeant A. Jackson, Sergeant James Becroft, Corporal C. G. Armstrong ; Privates Geo. Chapman, Edward Harrison, A. Leslie, Cliarles Pugh, H. Pennington, George Rogers, W. Schabacker, C. F. Williams, Walter Wright, Frank Sadler and Lang- ford; Color-Sergeant Thos. Goold, Sergeants McClintock, John Harris, Joseph O'Roake, Coi7)orals A. E. Walker, W. Dyson and James Goold; Lance-Corporals Joseph Amor and Wm. Brown; Privates Hugh McRoberts, James Ford, H. Arbuckle, J. 1. Walker, James Johnston, J. F. Gray, 11. Westaway, Patrick Neil, Charles Totter, W. D. Crofts, A. Davis, A. McKoberts, James Lozier, T. R. li.irdwood, F. Young, Thos. Live.sey, W. Beaver, W. Andrew.s, W, Ferguson, George Davis, A. Somerville ; Sergeants Anundson and Anglin ; Corporal McDonald; Privates Wanless, Jones, Pennington, Fysli, Burns, Atkin- son, Dignan, Kidder, Burke, Hanson, McC'oomb, Graham, Mercer, Kirkendale, Ryan, Cajsar, Pettit, Wright, Smyth and J. A. Muirhead; Sergeant Borland, Corporals Richards, McDonald and Bayley ; Privates Lister, Moore, Mills, Smith, McCartliy, Pennington, Macbeth, Webb, R. Smith, Lowe, McCormick, G. Westland, Benson, Cowan, Ir()n.?ide3, Allen, Mitchell, Howard, Davis, Smith, Labatt, E. P. Dignan, C. D. Gower, Carey, Gregg, Carnegie and W. Owen ; Sergeants Jacobs, | Summers and Neilson; Corporals Field, Rowland and Opled; Pri- vates Jacobs, Tennant, Best, Dickenson, Walton, Martin, .lohnsoii, Moriarity, Peden, Kenneally, Cassidy, Norfolk, Haydeu, A. McNaiiwni. COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX. 163 d, and witli irtillevymeu lundrcd and on the oppo- it point, efeated, tlieit ,\{-breeds and rs were nuide avcd, tried for le was denied ,res3 reporters .^e North-west, ilonel; Majors VthandSurgeou :tler, Thomas H. ieuteuants Nvere L>aync, Heskedi, ut-Majov Byrne, ■v-reant J. -I^^'y' others, M. CotH. I Sergeant Jame Uapman, EdNvard eor^e Rogers, «• Sadler and Lang- cuck, -Tolm Vlarns, >yson and James Brown-, Privates Walker, Jam ? l:Uarle^ Vottcr W 11 li.irdwood, t. Vcrguson. George lAnglin; Oorp-v^'^ L,\,: Burns, Atkm- f Gi'ahani, Mevcoj d J. A.MuuW Uayleyil^'j;;;: 1,1 Macbeth, ^^!^" ' Cowan, lvoiv^)Jj ■ l> Dignan, t.. ^^ 1 Sergeants Jacj^. d and Opled; I" f Martin! Jol"-;' ' ;den, A. McNama«^ Hall, Quick, W. Wriolit, Cowie, Appleyard, llichardsoti, Northy, Stinchcninb, Thwaite, lialph, Beetham, Walton, Sinnott, Rowason and McNamara; Sergeant Line, Privates H. Mills, T. MilLs, Stansfield, Black, Collins, Co])per, Geovf^e (,'lark, Connell, Dunkin, Flavin, Hani- gan, Keenan, Land, Lalley, Lovell, Morkin, Thomas, Wriglit, Wilson, Brown, Crawford, W. Wriglit and J. Clark ; (.'olor-Scrgeant Borland, Sergeants Lynch and Fuller ; Corporals Ham.son and Lyman; Privates Allisfin, Ban'ell, Bigger, Borland, Brazier, Blackbnrn, Dickens, Duval, EsiBex, Hicks, Hood, Hutchinson, McCntchoon, McCoy, McPherson, Macdonald, Parkinson, Pickles, Pate, Robertson, Steele, W, Smith, Teny, Wliittaker and Woodall. On the return of this command a .streamer was stretched across the street from Hyman's shoe factory. Gn this was printed the motto, in honor of one of the volunteers who worked there, whose name is given in this list — " Are you there, Moriarity i" The regiment re- turned in July, 18S5, when a great reception was tendered to the oilicers and men. In 1873 Major Albert M. Smith was commissioned Ensign of the 7th Fusiliers, and since that time has been connected with the command. Evan Evans, who settled at London in 1849 a.s a dis- charged soldier, died July .3, 1882. In IS.ll he was comiuis.sioned Lieutenant in the 12th Middlesex Battalion, and in 1856, when Col. Moiiatt raiseil the Highland Rifle Company, he was Drill-master, lie was caretaker of military stores for the District up to 1882, and was Sergeant-Major and Drill-master for the 7th Fusiliers. Mayor William Starr, ])orn in Ireland in IS 12, came to Canada withKoyal Artillery, and to London in 1840, when he was known as "the veteran storekeeper of No. 1 District." His death occurred in February, 1884. Captain A. McRae, who accompanied the Canadian Voyageurs to Egypt, returned to London in May, 1885. In November, 1888, it was reported that the 7th Battalion would pass out of existence prior to the close of the year, and that a new regiment would b(* formed. Colonel Williams places the onus of the Battalion's present condition upon the shouldei-s of one of the officers. Military School. — The new Military School was opened March .'!l, 1888. In 1S86 an order was issued establishing a school here, and building begun May 5, 1880. Col. Henry Smith was commissioned Commandant The two million bricks used were manufactured by , Walker P.ros., while Hook & Toll were the main contractors. The sale of the Military Grounds was conducted .Tune 1, 1888, by ^ Auctioneer McElheran, when twenty-three lots realized .^35,414.50. I The remaining part of the Grdnance Lands, facing Victoria Park and 1 Princess avenue, was sold in lots by auction, and brought very good 1 prices, exceeding the expectations of the London Trust, in whose hands the matter rested. The total amount realized from the sale of these l'"i(is has been nearly $52,000. This was the block of land which the k 164 HISTOKY OK THK, Ground. The r-ce ,...d f«^*«. ,,, „, l„„,,„„ ,,a. doa,^'! ».'!"» • S:S,T»rSoo\^Uy£e»n,.cU.,.,. s COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 165 CHAITER TX. THE NEWSrAI'EU PRESS. The first newspaper printed in English in Canada was the Gazette, at (i)uobec, in 1776, the press being brought from Philadelphia by a Mr.'Hrown. The Quebec Herald followed in 1788 and the Montreal Gazette, printed in French, was issued the same year by M. Mesplet, while Le Temps, in French and English, was its contenipomry. Thomas Carev established the Mercury at Quebec in 1804. The Canadien was issued in 1806, and continued publication until the office was confiscated by the Government in 1810, two years after the Canadien Couravt was founded at Montreal. In 1807 the Royal Gazette and Nevfoundland Advertiser was issued, and the pioneer press circle of the Lower Provinces and of Newfoimdland was placed on an enduring basis. Tlie pioneer journal of Upper Canada was The Upper Canada Gazette oi' American Oracle, issued April 18, 1793, with Gideon Tilliiny editor, and Governor Simcoe projirietor. The extent of the piipularity of the Oracle outside the official circle, may be learned from the fact that when Rochefoucault visited Kingston in 1795 there was not a single subscriber to, or reader of, it in that settlement. In 1807 an Irish Tory (Joseph Wilcox) established at Newark the Upper Canada Guardian. This Wilcox was Sheriff of the Home District, who, on account of some irregularity in office, was dismissed. Later he was a member of Parliament in opposition to the Govern- ment; fought against the Americans at Queenston in 1812, but later desertetl to the enemy, taking with him his command, and served the yoinij; Union until killed at Fort Erie. The York Gazette was issued by Cameron & Bennett at York as early as 1801. The Kingston Gazette, issued by S. Miles and C. Kendall, Sept. 25, 1810, was the only Upper Canada paper from April, 1813, to 1816, when the Govern- ment Gazette was revived. In 1820 the Recorder was founded. In March, ISl'.t, tlie Kingston Chronicle and also the Upper Canada Hernhl appeared, and in May the Kinf/sfon Gazette and Religious Advocate. In May, 1824, the Colonial Advocate a]>j)Qiirc(i. The next papers issued were the Christian Guardian and the Patriot in 1829, I then the Chronicle and News, next the Hallowell Free Press in 1H30, [the Caiuulian Watchm,an, August 18, 1830, and thaw the LoJidon 1 Su7i in 1831. The Bmfish Whig was the first daily journal published in Upper Canada, but its influence, like itself, was small, and its dura- 1 lion short. The pioneer papers named contained very little local information. IMany of tlie pioneers wanted news from the States, from which they |were driven by laws which could not recognize the rights a native 166 IlISTOUY OF TUK enemy of his country possessed ; men of the governing class wantcil news from Ireland or from Enfrhuul. Canada was a waste, a haven, whore l)oth <^ovornor and <,'overned found refuge from the })olitical or financial storms which drove them across the laktjs or the ociiii. Local news was not sou<,'lit for, and the pioneer ])ulilishers had Just sufficient sense to satisfy their few readers. With the year 1831, however, came a change. The Colonial Advocate of 1824 suggcstwi gome new ideas, hut the action of the government i)arty of 1820, in having the press and type taken from the office and dumped into Lake Ontario, taught a general Ifsson which was learned by the peopki slowly, and five years later began to bear fruit. To counteract or su]i. port this lesson, to further the growing idea of responsible governniunt, or check it in its youth, several pa])ers were brought into existence, and Canadian politics became a dei» (tovevumiint, t into existence, ,,evWovk. Uow hen the LU'^'W^ „f written wovds i„ the teniV'f y t\,e total rout o '\^en t\w \>io"fi>^" ^cv of the I'Vi^s^- to Canada uil^- hot colony. -^ •" ; e .Sun. but ymuvi |thatondayol>^^*' ^T^\.A\ of tluit veirt. jinnuig ana tu L i^^ ^«^^' )^ fail A. Tiill)ut, whose name is mentioned as introduciiiu; the first newspaper ill tlic Kiie I'cninsula. In 18SG lii.s brother John inaugurated the »S7, Thomas Liheml, which lie carried on until the defeat of the I'atriots iit C.alhus Hill, when he tied to the United States. It would be very iiiitnrai to suppose that the oflice beoanie the property of his yoinij,'er brutlim' Edward, ami that the latter bi'ough'. the material to Loiulon. The Westunt Globe, by George Urown, was jirintiHl. at Toronto in lS4.'i, hut dated iit London, when it was distributed hy W. H. Niles from tlu^ otlice at the north-east corner of Dundas anil Kidout. (iordon Bnnvii had charge in 1840-6, before Mr. Nilcis was ajiixiinted agent. The r(U)('(7 J It was a Nor* lO an hour.amU Press wiickly, i'" on a Waslu":-^"" hunil press, iin athletic colored man, Hayden Wattcra by name, maiiipu- latiiij,' the Itiver, Sparlinj,' and I responding to tho call of 'color,' flyinij tlio sheets and foldinf;. In TA or T) the firat daily was issued ill London from the fVee PresH office. I set type on it. 1 cannot recall the naint^s of nil who workeil on it at that particular time, but I think tlie late Tom Neil was anionj; the number, also Thomas Coll'ey, and very jirobably Sistei-son and Dawson. E. P. Kotlen, now a civic officer in Toronto, was one of the early compositors on the daily Free Press." In October, 18/j1, a banquet closed tho fair, and at this reunion a tojist— '/'//(' Press, the Paluulluvi of Liberty — was <»iven. A Mr. Thomson, of the Free Press, responded. He said that he regarded agriculture as the noblest occupation of man. It was indeed a divine injunction to " till the garden and to keep it." He referred to the extent of the I'rovince.s — larger than Europe — to their agricultural capacities and great natural resources, and the place of Empire which Canada is destined to hold among the nations of the earth. He gave as a sentiment : — Agriculture and an Indeiteiident Press, may they both prosper till Canada shall be celebrated for her national wealth and her free institutions. The editorial stall' of the Free Press comprises managing director and editor-in-chief, Josiah Blackburn ; assistant-editor, Malcolm S. Bremner ; city (jditor, Jolin 8. Dewar ; night editor, Fred. T. Yealland ; agricul- tural editor, Wm. L. Brown ; reportei's, Chas. F. Winlow and George Millar. The business department comprises Henry Mathewson, secre- tary-treasurer ; Gilbert E. Coomb.s, accountant; J. C. Markle, assistant book-keeper; A. C. Peel, day mail clerk; Chas. Norman, night mail- clerk; \V. J. Blackburn, manager advertising department; H. B. Coombs, advertising department, and Thomas Orr, manager of mechani- cal department. In the news dejiartment, Alex. J. Bremner is day foreman, and James Lindsay and P. J. Qinnn, night foremen. In the IxKik and job de])artments the following named are the overseers : — T. H. Warren (foienian), >Iarry Ferns, J. W. Thor])e and Charles Doe. Charles Brown i.s foriiman of ])ress room ; George Taylor and Walter Pinnell, engineers. 'J'lie travellers' department comprises Samuel H, Muirhead, Robinson J. Orr and Geo. H. Mathew.son, v th Frank H. Wlietter, collector. The lithographic department is presided over by Joim A. Mnirhead, with W. H. Margetts, foreman of artists' depart- ment; Hugh E. Ashton, of transfer department; .Fames Filby, of press department, and H. V. :Mevius, of engraving department. T. W. Elliott is foreman of the wood engraving division ; Geo. Webster, stock- keeper. The Protofijpe. — In January, 1861, the Council passed resolutions of thanks to tlie editors of the Press and Prototype, and to reporters Siddons and Wilson, for excellent reports during the year. In 1863 tlie London News was included in this vote of thanks. In February, 1870, the Prototype ceased to be a morning paper. 170 HISTOKY OK THE and was issued as an evening ne\vsi)a]ier, under the name ITerakl apfl Prototjiiw. Melville D. Dawson became interested in the jiaper at this time. Harry Gorniiin, speaking of this journal in 1861, says :— " London hiid then two morning ])a])ers — in name ^nly — the Free Pivsn and PrototiJiH'. Neither of them received thcmidnight telegrapliic reports, and, as a consequence, were little better than evening papers published the following morning." The Heiuhl ollice was burned September 10, 1S78, and much valual)le ]iroperty destroyed, includ- ing the Synod journal of the English .hurch. The Semi-Weekl ij Herald was a favorite newspaper in 1.S5C-7, liy Elliot & Cooper, but its duration was only for a few years. The office was then in the old Commercial Islock, better known as the Coole block. The EvcDKjelical Witness was the predecessor and contempumry of the A'ews with Eev. J. H. liobinson, editor. This paper was the organ of the New Connexion Methodists, and continued in existence until the union. After the collapse of the Xews, Mr. Robinson con- tinued the Witness at the old office on Dundas street west, about where the Parisian Laundry now is, but eventually found the work too heavy, and wanted to get rid of it. John (Jameron, who had served his time in the Free Press, and afterwards worked for Gennnill, in Sarnia, came one day and asked him if he did not want souk; one to take charge. It occurred to him that Cameron was the win he wanted, and he was given charge. Mr. liobiiLson's health .•seemed to to get worse rather tlian better, and so one day he jiroposed to Cainuron that he should buy the establishment, paying therefor by jirinting the Evanf/elical Witness. This arrangement was carried out, and Mr, Cameron shortly after proposed to start a daily paper — a paper Liberal in its tendencies, moral in its tone ; and from that time Mr. Ii(.liin« ceased to have any personal or practic -•' interest in the place, althoiijili he occasionally wrote articles for it a. hvays hoped for its welfiiiv. When the Fvaiirjelical Wif)iess was ])ublished on Dundas street ^';l^t, where Dr. Flock now lives, Miss liobinson, John Cameron and liobi-r; Fulford were the typesetters. The latter went to California, and wliili' there went on the stage and married a woman who is now one of tlir most popul-r actresses of the day — Annie I'ixley. On the MethoJi;: union of 1874 being pertLcted there was no more need for the H7/«('«- Rev. David Savage edited it for foru' years before it died. Ki'V. .Mr Robinson was sent to Engla'^-I about 1870 and was given the editorial j control of the two Methodist magazines in old London and tlu! chiKf of the two book concerns. As a matter of fiict, he was really sent over i'^ endeavor to stoj) the union, which then seemed imminent. The N.(.'. Methodists had some 8,000 members in Canada, ami it was thought lie j might have .some influence, but when he got over there he foumU might as well try to stop the waters of Niagara. At one time he h .f' 1,000 of his own money sunk in the Witness before he saw ', prospect of a return, and it pi'eyed on his mind. He feared he wc die and leave the debt a burden to his family. But friends in Eiigltt»| CdUNTV OV MIDDI-KSKX. 171 31' — II i'"r^ timo Mr. K"l'i"*™ the place, aUlioii?li wA ioY its welwi>' Dundas street east, .auieron and KoW ;aUfoniia, aiul wl«l^' 3 is now OHO ot lif On the MetiloJl^ iced for the W>i'>!^' i it died. Kt'v. Mi s .nven the cditortu ;,„k>n and the clwi^^ ■as really sent ovei: iminent. The\| ml it was though; ;^^ er there he foui« '' At one time be l''^ >,s,s before he sa\'' He feared he ^f- ut friends in l<>"gl=>" came to the rescue, advanced some money, and theji he turned the ])iilier over to tlie ("amerons. The London Evrning Nevm. — This journal was issued from the ollice of tlie Witness. Harry Gornnn says : — " I assisted at the birth of another London daily in the yeais before the Advertiser saw the hcrht. It was the Eve)iitig News, and was the jn'edecessor of the Adveiiiser. It was printed by Thos. Evans, wlio afterwards went to liutlido, and edited by Mr. Moncrielf. The Xnrs was a Liberal ])aper, antl ilid muoji towards securing tlie election of Elijah Leonard to the Senate for the Malahide Division. By the way, my lot was nearly alwavs cast on the Liberal side in y)olitics. 1'he Free Press was an out-aiid out Grit pajier when I worked on it, and it was not till after 1 left it that it strayed from the paths of jmlitical rectitude. The News was soundly Liberal under Mr Moncrierr':, editorshi]), and later under tliat of .John McLean. Mr. ^loncrietf, I believe, afterwards lapsed into Toryism, and Mi. McLean became one of the apostles of liigh )irot(!ction, and helped Sir dohn and Tilley to frame the National Policy taiilf. Among those who were eni])loyed in the News office were John Cameron, fomider of the Advertiser; M. G. Ih-eniner now (il'tiie Free Press editorial staff; Harry Clissold, ])ro})rietor of a print- iiii^ establishment in Chicago; -Tames Mitchell, now editor and jtro- jirietor of the Goderich Star ; John Hoojier and his father — the ' Old Guv,' it. he was affectionately called — John McLean, the veteran ])ressiuan, and mysself. With the collapse of the Ncivs in 1863, the office and ]ilant with which it was printed reverted to liev. J. H. Itobinson, who either owned it in his own riglit or held it as a trustee for the New Connexion Methodist Church in Canada. The Evav- Ijelind Witness, official organ of the church, was jn'inted there, and it l)ecaine necessary to make new arrangements for its ])ublication. I'rojiosals to that end were made by llobinson to Harry Clissold and to me, Init both of us had made up our minds to go to Chicago, and the iiiihicemonts offered were not sufficient to change our intentions. Mr. Caiiievou applied for the position, and his offer was accepted by Mr. Itobiiison." The Advertise)' was established in 1803, and on October 27, of tliat year, the first numl)er sold was ])urcliased by J. \V. Jones. Thos. Colley, now ])roi)rietor of the iiccoj-f?, was one of the first workers on this journal He relates the .story of its beginnings a.s follows: — "Tliere was a jiajier called the /)tti7^ Xews, ]ml)lislied shortly before ^ that lime l)y_ Tnouias Evans. In the .same oflice was also ])rinied ;• the Eiungelieal Witness. 15otli this i)a])er and the oflice had been for |snnie years the jiroperty of the New Conne.xion Methodist Conference. I The Jhi.ily Xeics, after a jirecarious existence of a few y(!ars, succumbed |to hard times, and a large anil wel' eciuiiijied establisjiment was left • wilhdut any other means of ke ']iiug it in operatiini but the ])ublication <'l the weekly religious jiaper -.oferred to. In the office at that time Were einjiloyed John and William Cameron, Harry Gorman, now of 172 HISTOUY OF THE the Sarnin Observer, myself and a few others. You must rememlnir tliat the Atnei'icau war had brokcMi out, aud was well under way tlifii, and a i^reat desire seemed to take ])Os.session of the jtublic niiiul to obtain possession of every item of news pertaininji; to that bloody conflict. .Tohn Canun'on saw his o])portiinity, leiVSed the establisliinent from the llev. J. H. liobinson, and conceived the idea of estublishiii!; a live evening ])ii\)i'.r. So small was this i)aper, that the ])roprietoK of a rival establislnuent termed it a ' bantling ;' but the ' baiitlinn' as it was called, at once suc(;eeded in establishing itself in jmljjic favor. So successful, indeed, was this attempt, that the managers of a morning ]mper, then in existence, rushed out another evening sheet to try and counteract the influence which the new-comer seemed .so suddenly to become ])03ses.sed of Public sentiment, however, was unanimously on the side of the Advertiser, and in a very short space of time the Evening Telegraph, as it was called, was forced to cease publication. Then, when the Advertiser came out, Mr. ('anieron introduced a novelty into Lontloa in Ihe shajie of newslxiys Tlu'iv were none here before that time. Day after day, and week alter wi'ck, the little evening paper became more and more engrafted in public favor. John Cameron, young, enteiprising, full of integrity aTul iiomi j)in'posp, a model yo\ing man in every scense of the word, made it liis constant study to produce a paper that would in every way merit tlit most encouraging jiatronage. The Advertiser at that time was ])riiitiil on a Hoe drum-cylinder jjress, and the power was supplied bv a stalwart African. At the start, John Cameron associated with liim lii- brother William, who became business manager, assisted by his futlirt, while John devoted his time to the management of the editoiiil department. About this time, too, the able assistance of ^Mr. liuriy Gorman was secured for the same branch. In March, 1864, lie tonk a position at the case with C. D. Bai'r. When C. F. Colwell carae in 1866, John Cameron was sole jn-oj^'letor ; his father paymaster; hi; brother William fdled minor positions ; John Hooper was foreman 'i iiews room; Jose])h Morey of job room, whili> Archie Bremner, Ham Ciorman, Wm. Egleton and himself were at the case. John Canieroii. it is well-known, is the prosjierous manager of the Toi-onto Globe; .Mr l.'ameron, sen., and liis son William are both dead ; Harry Gorman i- the successful proprietor of the Sarnia 0' •server ; ,Iohn Hooper is stii: ■working in the city; Bill Egleton works at Toledo, ; Archie liremner, considered the best paragra{)h writer in Canada, is a»sistai!' editor, while Charles D. Barr, who has been so successful in Ijuildiiis up the Lindsay Post since he held a position at the ciise in diis office in 1863-4, is now editor-in-chief" Harry Gorman, in his reiniiii> cences, says: — "The Advertiser's jn'ogress was always a matter "' pride to me. I was so thoroughly identified with its interests v^'hk j on its staff, that its triumphs and succr'sses elated me as much ao ii they were my own. The old feeling still lingers in my heart, and am pleased at l)eing asked to coutributo to its silver annivei'sary." OOUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 17a ust rcmeiulwr der way tliun, ublic mind to ;o that Cloudy 3 esta\)lis^in'ent of establishiiv^ the itropvietor, ■ t\ie ' bantliiit;,' itself in publif he inanagevs nf : evemn;4 sli«' ,niev seemed so t, howevev, Wiis /evv short siwcc ' f,)vced to cease it, Mv. (,'avneron e\vs\)ovs. 'ni''i'<' week uftev wtnk, .rvafted in \M\( [tesvitv and ;io>'(l 'ord, made il 1"' •y way ment tlio t time was \mM as suiVied bv ;. lated with hira 1«> sted bv his futliti, It of the editoml ,ee of Mv. H«nv c\i, 1864, he t(«|k ColweU Ciune u er paymaster; 1«> 'r was foreman ot [e Bremnev, Hatty John Cameron, ovonto Olobe; Mr . Haviy Gorman « ohn Hooper IS s, [oledo, O ; Atcte auada, is a.s.J eessful in bmli^ ,n, in his veumu^; Iwavs a nuitter' its "interests \^ '"' J me as much a»^ L my heart, aud ' anniversary. I I III Urn Victoria disaster of 1881, there, were amonj,' the passengers Chas. A. Matthews, iiij^ht editor, wife and two children ; Miss Bailey, a sister of one of the ])ressnien ; Wm. Woimacott, brother of Chas. Woiniacolt, ronnds collector; a sister of Fraidv La wson, reporter ; Wm. Thoiiii^son, rejiorter; and a yonng brother of Eddie Harrison, appren- tice ; Mrs. Matthews and one child; Miss Bailey, Miss Law.son, Cliarley Curnian, one of the carriers; VVonnacott and the lad Harrison were anKni^' the victims. Mr. Matthews sncceeded in saving one cliikl. William Thomijson also escai)ed and wrote the first report of the (lisaist(!r. The Editorial Staff is as follows : — Editor-in-Chief — Chas. D, IJarr. Mauaon l)eing k(!]it fully posted (jn all that trans]iin;s up to the minute of ]>ublication " During its existence this journal more than ob.-;erved the jjromi.ses made, but the fact that there was no nwni for a fourtli daily jiaper at London soon became manifest, and on Xi"' 10, 18SS, the last i.ssue of the Times a])i)eared. On Nov. 12, l\mp\ iUitclier, of the tS'y)ca/i:er, purchased the heading and subscri])tion listoli the defunct jf'imeN, and no doubt believing that the name was iuok l"||iiiliir V was fonii Miiitl(>r jir ii'lifllidi) J while .Alar 'ii'' iipslioi ^Jfihiui, wli ■iiul locked Priiifei '■hartcred h' l»H'22, 18(1; u'Viipliical Ui iiicriiher.s we "iini;ni, Th: , presidents oi '!« follows:— ■'^^ Oate.s The < '• H. Chattel ,( Thoniji.'^on, J, V """• ^V. A. L i bourne. The ^'ews/iapp, projectors nio\ "t '"itrathroy w (■"'itinued wee . where they stu :ir iiad an inter,>st 1 . '^'i>^' Shufh: , '" ■'line, hs.-,;)| > October, I8(il)' ■ Kd)tor .MflK,-,, i"'';'i«itioi'i until - ;'' \Vicklow Coil : I 'lis fatlier was J;'»s tli*^ confrill J '"'ciiriie city o,|i ".'"' "1 KSC5 pinl '"'" of the /);.4 '""'''•'gi'ig ttlitoij P ""' Ottawa (i Pi'^'lrathrov. 'n OctobuM' *^'^"'«'ttl I»Ublic'.sc 12 COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 17.- ;ct, Octo\)ev appe;u'3 oii nw^ of this iivcbaseil by a fivm basis, down to the • Mistakes of mas, are the ^nev in ^^'^-' ivin Avenue. Record is an ■taking of the ;ts ave clearly ition of what uuida calls for. Ill the secular emleil publica- ,\m Free Pi'««s is publisUed at io(\inlB88,and Lliclnnond street. nal, obtained louv a of Ibat day cast aside tlwt vs objected, aivi '1 d i,.e 20 1 l>"i* .vietovs in the« content them- of tbe city ';< ■jiecttofnvtlK'Vin ^■^ closely aii'i will fe ■I ave uostions i„i what party 0' t\i local and lro"> , and our reader. ttvanspives"?^ tbi.s journal woR llu've was nfest, andon Isubscviptionl^^'; lie nanve was i" i)d t'roui i^gi' veatlerJ |^Ht uptown I un rnoni HH' liiiiiular with the reading public than tliat uiuler which the Company was formed, he undortook to place the heading The Times over the matter prepared for the Si)eaker — an act wliich caused a small-sized ivlipllion in the office. Director Gahan ordered the pressman to stop, wliile Manager Butcher insisted that the Times should be published, till' tnishot lieing that Butcher was " fired " out of the buildi; to the close of lS7o A. I'iiiyiiiau liml been for many years a leading and successlul teacher in the i)ublii.' schools of the town of Sarnia. Under his control the jniptir advanmi, being enlarged in 1877 to the (|uarto page form, in which it is now issued. In 1S76 J. H. Mcintosh resigned his jiosition on this jiapii to take control of the Watford Ailtuxuti', but returning to Strathroy, resumed the ])()sition of assistant editor, and is now on tlie stall'. In 1882 Mr Dingman was a]i])ointed to the imjiortant ])osition of Inspec- tor of Indian Agencies and Kevenues under the Dominion Govern- ment, which otlice he yet holds. His family residence is imw Stratford, wliither he moved his family in the fall of 1887. On In- acce])tance of the oflice mentioned, Mr. A. Dingman was sncceedud in the ])ro])rietorship of the Dispdlch in 1882 by liis son, \V. S. Dingman, who controlled tlu; jiajier, taking Ids brother, L H. Dingman, into ])artnership in I88(i, until 18S7 (with the exce])tion of one year, 1884-"), wliicli W. S. D's part at Port Arthur as editor and managerof the Port Arthur Didlij St'ufltid), wlieii it was sold to liiclumlson Hros. (George and Kobt. F. Uichardson, tlie latter of svliom had loii^ been connected with the otlice as foreman). VV. S. and I). II. Diiig- man are now in Stratford ])ul)lishing the Herald. \V. S. jjri'cedediiii Itrother there, going in December, 18,s(;, and having the lionur of issuing the first number of the Daily Herald, the ])ioneer's daily of Stratford, on March 17, 1887. They publish both daily and weekly editions, and the Herald deservedly enjcjys the lead in Stratford. Among the old newspa])er men of Strathroy Tnention isimulr'f the following named : — VV. F. Lu.xton, now of the Winnipeg F,v Prcsfi, former owner of the Age; John S. Saul, former owner of tin Age, now jiublisluir of tin; Dailij iWtra, Ashland, Wis. ; Hugli .McL'oH former owner of the Age, now Strathroy I'ostmaster ; A. l)inj,'m:in former owner of the Dispatch, now Insjjector of Inland Agencies; W S. and L. H. Dingman, his sons, now jjublishers of the StralfonI Ihil Herald; E. Edwards and W. I). Wiley, who worked in the JJispiS oflice, issued the Wingham Times Nov. 24, 1881, but the puptT \b- since passed out of their po.ssession. and Edwards is now on a iie«- j)aper in Winnipeg. Wiley is still a resident of Hunjn County, i H. Ward, who in years long past resided in Middlesex, is now ca nected with the Deseret News, Salt Lake City. He is the au'uiur several works, such as " The Hand of Providence," " Gospel Pliilu- phy," and " liallads of Life." Hugh McColl, editor of the .4(/e, writing in August, 1871, statft that three years have i)as.sed since he assumed control of the pa]*' In that time the ])aper was twice eidarged, and the circulation doublfi The lievieiu was published at Ailsa Craig, in 18((7-8. The Wardsville Post was established in 1882 by William Ka'i^ who contiTuied to publish it for about a year, when it susiKiuded. The Ontario Teacher was conducted by Mr. McColl and (!eo Ross, at Strathroy ; and the latter was at one time owner uf the #, M COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX, 177 Diiiuuuiu Iwd in Ihn public ,ptir iidviiucv"!, ic\i it is now on this i«lK'V , to titvaUivoy. ; tlie stall' In I iioii of lusi.ec- ?: uiiiion Goverii- iik'uco is ii"^^' 1887. On 111- \V. S. Diii;j;iiw''i. Dinntuaii, ii>l" ,n of ow ywii rami waiint;H'.i a to llicliiU'il>"i: svhoHi lia'l Ui. andD.H 1)>"^- V. S. vi''-'"^^'''^'' '"■ in'iT the li'iiiuv "! pioiicev's daily ;' lailv and Nvei'W.y I in Stvatfovd. mention is hku';;'' le WiuuiiK'!^/';' •im^v oNvnev ol *■ i^ • lluiiU Mdo,i. ttei'; A.' !>">[?"* and A;^''i>^'f ' "■ .he Stralfoi;^.^^-' ; ,d in the. VJ!.s/.. \,ut tlic papfi 1" is now on a n*-'^^ llunm County. , ^ aiesex.is uovvco»^|i fie is tiie a'at'K'i [circulation doubW i5'C"\viUiawr>a^P^ IcCoUandt.eu^^ owner oi lli^' •' The GlcDCoc Mail was is.sucd in Doceinli(!r, 1871, hy Nidi Mo- Alpine, who sold this ]iioneer journal to 8anniel and Lorenzo Frederick, who CDutinued the imhlication of the Moil until it.s .sale to (J. B. Slater in April, 1873. He changed the title to The Travscript, nwA .«()ld the oilice to Wni. Sutherland, the founder of the London Free Press. In 1881 Mr. Sutherland sold The Transcript to his .son, A. K. Sutherland, who in July, 1885, took his hrother liobert into ]iartner- ship. Tlic. Tvaiisc.ript was not issued the last week in 1884, owiuf; to tlie fact that the office was undergoing rej.airs and a new ]iress being i)lape(l in ]iosition. The editor assured his readers that this was the first holiday in thirteen years. In the history of Wardsville, reference is made to the newspapers which at one time were p\d)lished there. In 1868 ¥j. I'inton succeeded in establishing the Lucan E)it.ei'prUe at Lucan, in a building which stood where Hodgins' livery stable now is ; hut tlK! nanu> of the Journal has escaped even the memory of Williiun I'orte. Thi.s ]ia]ier continued for about eighttien months. In May, 187'J, F. Ii. Spalt established a journal here, and on September 11, tliut year, an entry for postage on the Entm'pi'ise appears on the postina.ster's records. In dune, 1879, Mr. Sjialt, of the Enter prise, was charged by sonic ])ersons at ( Jencja with holding his jirinting press illegally. The case was pre.sented at Ailsa Craig, but Spalt was iicijuitted and allowed to take the ]iress to Lucan. The present journal of that name was established by W. B. Abbott, now a physician of rinconning, Mich. On February 7, 1883, J. W. Orme, the ju'csent Iirojnietor, issued No. 1 of the new series. In his salutatory he calls the jdurnal the Xortlt Middlesex Advertiser, although the heading is l.ucun Enter jmse. J. B. Abbott was manager at this time. On April oU the first issue of the v/eokly Enterprise is recorded, when Mr. Abbott ceased connection with the office. Tlui rarkhill Gazette dates back to 1870. Late in the fall of that jear, C. H. Maekintcsh, of Strathroy, established an office with the intention of issuing a weekly journal. This intention was carried out, [but the oftice was leased to Wallace Graham for one year from the 1st )f November. Graham conducted the paper and office with consider- ible ability, and the business prospered well under his management. is the year drew to a close. Mackintosh made overtures to him to buy it, but the yrt'ice demanded was not satisfactory t(j Graham, who at nice made arrangements to jmrchase the plant of an old office in mother jiart of the country, and removed to Parkhill, leaving Mac- dntoshto do as he pleased with his own material. Graliam continued lublish the Gazette, which for .some time was printed in Stratford, ?ul Mackintosh claiming that he (Gndiara) had no right to publi.sh le Gazette under that name, or retain the subscription list, and com- lenced legal jiroceedings. Of course the original projector of the titerprise had no rights in the case, and the Gazette continued to be iblished by Mr. tirahara down to 1887, when lie sold his interests to 178 IIISTOIIV Ol' IHK .1 • If . ..T..C till' (lid iivoss ust'illiv the present ^^Uto. Mv. (Ivo.j n Un^^ „,l .^.,ch W„l. T. Macken..e dunuj, ' *,>; ! ™ '-^.„,„tc. harbor. It hjul been wa. thrown V.y an ^'^^^'^f \l'" ' 7!'\. , a lod-nueut at I'urkhiH, wh.re in several omces sh>ce but ;;:^ ;- 'X^uJtlxJed by fire. This .,. . it was used down to 1«^',' j^;,'"j^\\,^ „f tj,,. Gazette as well as ihe vuer- The l>arklnll /;.j;.«« "T.^^^ H shall be our highest una tu Dariach. In his sahitatoiv 1 e ^;^>J^ ■ j j,, ..y in the devdop- ^on..te the ^-^^^^ 1 in luu -S^^ ''^^^'<^''^ planted hev." i;,ent of those true 1^'"^ '^ > "'^ ^"^^^^^^^^ „„ the Revh,v, and conUnuod m Geo M. Winn, who set '' ' ^'j'\^^>, ^^ ..utov of the Alynier Sun. the oihce until the hiU ;!» ' *^^^; 3;, ^ ,; a,c M.mtreal Star for the best • „ 1880 the Vy^-^^^^^;^"^ ;: arhe, of I'arkhiU ; her " L.ttle The fi iVdviiice t'.sfalili.iliei 17.^11, by . Cliureh, jil dlieiicd a s ilrew avou lii.s iiiiiiie At XiaL,'ai'i also tiuii,'lii over a cla hi'^li, Mic; toacliers' In form a])])ea On Jul and extend tile London Town.-^hip und Geo. i l^i>itrict in 'Western, ' Burwell, Jo and Joliii Trustees foi' Alex. Dull; •'olinson, di- I over St. Goo 1832 opened [ John AAvi, Ek , fiKAIt Sll! tcR the favor ol I tlio lirst ot Deoe I will confer a fa ["'fornieii tilt yi J answer this by t Stephen ' laccL'ptance of go open a se Williams, of (J()t;NTY III.- .MIlini.KHIX 179 (MTAPTKR X. KSTAIiMslIMKNT ANH (lUoWTII oK SCiliidl.S. The first Enj^lisli school in Upper Cutiiul.a — in Fact, tlic; first in tlii) I'mviiici' outside the niiite !)y D'Uvfc, — was tliat prosidod over in May, ITSll, by .lohn Sti^wart, while studying for tiie ministry of tlie Kn<,dish Cliurch, at Catarai|ui. About this time Jonathan Clark, a ycotchman, (i]iem'(la school in the district, where also an Irishman named Donuvan, drew around him a large class of adult jinpils. This Donavan sjudied his iKUiie ll'Anovan, and was known in the setthfment as "The Count." At Niagara tiie garrison school was in full operation, and DickCockrell also taught there. About this time (170 1-L') Diiniel A. Askins y)resido(? over a class at Napanee, while later at Kingston Messrs Blaney, Irish, Michael and Myers com])ete(l with Donavan and Clark for teachers' honors. As settlements sprefvd westward the school in some form aii]H'ared. On July 12, 181'.', the .School Acts of former years were amended aad extended. At this time it was enacted that the I'ublic School of the h(iU(iou District should be o]iene(l, and kept at Vittoria, in the Township of Cliarlotteville. John Kolph, J. V>. Askin, Jus. Mitchell and (Jeo. C. Salmon formed the Hoard of Education for London District in ISol, and .\. Mcintosh and Wni. Hands for the Western. The School Trustees for London District were Mahlon Burwull, John Uo.stwick, Jo.se])h Kyerson, James Mitchell, John liolph and .lohn Harris, with K. Chadwick, district school-master. The TiTistees for the Western District were James Baby, A. Mcintosh, Ale.x. Dull', .lames Gordon and Charles Elliott, witli Tlev. William John.son, district school-master. In thi.s year .lohn Talbot presided over St. George's School, Lot 14, Con. 6, Loudon Township, and in 1832 opened a school on Ridout Street. I John Anhin, E«q. :— Vienna, in r.ayliani, Oct. 7, 1833. Dkak SiK. As I have af;ain (',onnnenc'. MaiTisoii, was passed and a])|ir()ViHl. In 184;! tlic Francis Hiiicks aiiiendnieiits wciv adniited, and in 184(5 the W. H. I)ra])er anu'nilincnts. In 184'.l -T. H Cameron's l)ill, ja-oviding for tlii' estahlislniieiit of scIkmiIs in cities and towns, becaiiuf law, and from thiil period np to 1871. when the 1,'eneral school law was a]i])rove(l, it sei'nis to have been the object of the Lej^islaturu to cure every little defect in the system. A ]ietition to Sir Charles I)a|,'ot, the fJovernor-Ceneral of I'.ritisli North America, made February 11, 1842, represented that, owini,' to the ])eculiar situation of several townships in the Lcmdon district, "it is inconvenient to make school district divisions in townships ex- clusively by their own limits," and asked for lej,'islation ]irovidiiiij Ibr the (hvision of the whole district into school divisions without regard to townshiji linijs. In Se])ti'nd)er, 184'J, J. B. Strathy, District Clerk, made a return of ilie numl)er of schools in actual operation in the London District since Jan. 1, 1842. In Fkfrid there were 7 schools ojien and 5 vacant; in Mosa, then not divided into districts, then; were 4 sciiools in operation; in London, then unsubdivided, there were 10 scIkioIs open; in Aldborough, 4 o])en and 2 vacant; in Adelaide, 2 ojieii luid 7 vacant; in Lobo, G in operation, but the township was not districted; in Caradoc, 2 open and (3 vacant ; in Delaware, 2 o])en and 6 vacant It a[)])ears commissioners were ap])ointed and met once, but uwinijto the Council not iiavin^- divided the township into .school districts, tin' oflicers did n(jt organize. In Westminster there were I! schools o|ieii and 15 lof^ally vacant, as tlie teachers never came before the Comiiii-- sioners to be examined. There were no returns received fiom Malahidi?, liayham, Yarmouth, Dorchester, Dunwich aiid SoulhwoU. The legal teachers in Adelaide in 1S42-3 were : — J. Kinney, Anne Ahernethy, Iiobert Ciimpb(dl, Duncan McCallum and Malcolm Camp- bell. In Kkfrid, Samuel V. Stiles, Donald Mclntyre, Kenneth Tlioni- son and lL:ctor McFarlane. In London, Henry W. Milne, Janit- Kutledge, James Howard, ILiiny Kirby, W. J. 6'Mulvenny, Willi;iiii Evans. Arthur D. (Jarden, Thonias Boyd, Wm. Webli, Robert Wil*"!'. Wm. Taylor Hemy Kiuniey, (Jeorije Monaghan, IIum]»hrey Tayl"r, Thomas Stanley and Jan(! Summers In Mosa, Wm. HoUiday, Ki'l'"'' Shearer, Fiidey Munroe and D. Sinclair. In Caradoc, L C. Koarnej and Wm. Moore. In Aldl)orou,u;h, Arcii. Curri(\ Donalil Curi'ic, Kok'r! Mowbray and Daniel McVicker. In Westminster, Lewis M. Cuven. Adam Alurray, -lames Aik('U, Wm, Crinklaw and Kdwanl I'olts t Lobo, John Cain])bell, Donald McCrae, Wm. Munro, John Jctl'i'm'- and Hari'iet Eastwoo(l Of the two schools in Delaware, M. S. Ayiv presided over one of .'i."i jiupils for VX\ days, his pay bein,t,' .£'•' 8^- -'' or alxiut; .'?47, out of the school fund, toijether with subsi:i'i|)tii'i!' Amonji; the teachers, of what is now Middlesex, in 1842-3, wlmdidn receive nionciys from the school fund that year, were .fohn lloa^ COUNTY OV MIDUI.KSKX. 181 uaae a VL-turn .oiulon l)i^\'«* weiv. 4 scliooU e 2 ovfii '»™.' 's'notdistvictcd; n and 6 vacant. ee VmtiAVUiljtfl oo'l (Uslvicts,to , •- sc\K)()ls oi«ii ore t\»e <"c.mmis- vcceiveel ton; and SouthwoW. ] Kinnuv, A""^ Mulcoliu Camp- V Miluf, J'^w*" H.A\iday, K'*'-'^ « ,ia CuvvuN u* ' Lewis M.f'^t Q4.-)-'3, wU" ^"'"\ 1 Joi>n Uoss a«^ I Nelson EiLstwi 10(1, of Lol)o ; Arthur L. TrilliM' and Win. Livinf^stono, 0; five in Caradoc, £210; five in Delaware, £1.")6; sixteen in Dorchester, £348 ; seven in Ekfrid, £2(12; eleven in Loho, £47-; five in London town, £400; twenty-five in London Township, C7t)ii; four in Metcalfe. £120; six in Mo.sa, £2(54; seven- teen in Westniin.ster, £606; eight in Williams, £L"!0. In 1847 the oflice of Township School Superintendent was abol- i.shed, but revived in I80I, and continued until 1871. In 18511 Edmund Shejijiard was appointed Local School Sui)erin- tt^nilent for North and South Dorchester on recommendation of Judge Klliot, who was then District Su])erintendent. In 1850 the lioard of Tublie Instruction ibr Middlesex and Elgin was organized, with Messrs. French, Ihshop Croiiyn and dohn Wilson, of London ; Silcox, of South- wold, ;uid Ednnuid Shejipard nunnbers. Under tiie law reviving the office of Townshiji Suy)erintendent, Jiev.s. J, Skinner, .1. (iunn, W. A. Clarke, W. Sutherland, K. Flood, C. |0. Broui;b, .1. (iordon anil (!. (rrant, with Messr,s. James Armstrong, |(ieo. W. Uiws, William Taylor, Adam Murray, and few otluTs, named {in the list of ISoo-fi wen^ a]i])ointed. In 1852 the school population was '.1,482; the number of schools J13o; average attendance, ^vWd; number (d' teachers, l:!7; average Isilary of male teachers, .S285 ; of female, SI 16; and total amount ex- "]iendcd, .'?20,2;!5. In 18(32 there were 1(),28() pu])ils, entailing a total pxnenditure of .^49,497; and, in 1872, 19,454 pupils, the expenditure bcin.u' !599,205. Tli(! scliodl su]i(H'inten(lents in 1855 were Joseph Spettigue, Rev. A\. K. Sullierland, A. Campl)ell, Rev. James Skiniajr, Adam Murray, li<'vs. C. (j. Brouuh and John Gunn, with R. 1'. Toothe, John dohnson ^nil Charles Hardie. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIM IIIII15 2.2 2.0 IIIIIM U ill 1.6 .>,. Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 \ q^^ •O' ;\ \ 9) V ^ 6^ ''L^ ^ <^ ^ob(i. ticlieslet. lulY. Kf^ W'm. Taylor, Haniaou Thompson, Rev. A. St(jM'ait, Rev. W. Fletclier, Charles Hardie, Rev. J. McLeod, Dr. McCaw and .F. Armstrong. Tlie changes in school superintendents in 1868 were : — Hev. James (Gordon of Dorchester; James Young, of London; Rev. \V. Fletcher, (if ^Icdillivray and Lobo ; Dr. M. Foster, of Nissouri ; Geo. W. Ross, (if Eiist Williams ; and A. M. Ross, of Westminster. Tlie school superintendents for 1869, in the order of township, are named as follows: — Rev, James Donaldson; Rev. E. Sander.'^ ; E. Handy, Kcv. Geo. Grant, Rev. .Tames Gordon, Jiev. W. R. Suther- land; G. W. Ross, Joseph Young, Harrison Thompson, Rev. A. Stew- art, Dr. McKinnon, Dr. Fo.ster, G. W. Ross, Charles Mumoe, and Rev. Geo. Simpson. The only changes from 18()!l in the list of school superintendents for LS7II are Duncan Leitch, of Metcalfe; Dr. Mc.Alpin, of McGilliv- lav, and liev. R. Hall, of Nissouri W. The su])erintendents of 18(i!i ill the other townships were re-appointed. The only changes from l(S7(i in the list of school superintendents for 1871 are as follows: — J. K. Arinitagc, appointed for Biddulph ; Rev. Mr. Davis, for Mc- (lillivray ; and Rev. J. I'ritchard, for Williams West. Tlie Eastern School Circuit, established under the act of February la, 1871, by the Council in June that year, embraced Piiddulph, Nis- souri, Dorchester N., Westminster, Loudon and Delaware. The Western Circuit then establi.shed comjirised Lobo, Caradoo, Ekfrid, Mosa, Metcalfe, ]\IcGillivray, Adelaide, East and West Williams, with Wanlaville and Strathroy villages. S. P. Groat was elected inspector for tlie Eastern and J. C. Glashaii for the Western (Jircuit, each claim- ing 77 schools. S. P. Groat, School Inspector of Division No. :.', r<;- .^igned Dec. 1, 1874, and John Dearness was apiiointed temporarily, and the same day was appointed regularly. In tlu! East Middlesex District, of which John Dearness reported in •lune, 1874, the enrollment was 0,42."), '>4 male and 40 female teachers. Westminster jiaid the highe.st salary, S520, the other town.ships pay- ing ?5(J0 ; hut the highest average salary, JS448, was paid by Bid- liidiili, He sjieaks of #r)'.t,48r).r)7, representing the expenditure for school purposes in his district in 1877, as being ?5-"i.'^*i.'.H) less than the amount ex]ieiided in 1876, and further states that the only teachers presiding over the same schools, in 1878 as in 1875, were Alex. McMillan and Kate Sproat, of Biddul])h; J, A. Lyman and Flora McCall, of Westminster, and W, D. Eckert and A. Stock, of London East, hi his report for 1879 he points out the total expenditures as 8.V,i,4;i4.2S ; the total enrollment '.t,r)48. hisjH'ctor J. S. Carson, of the West Middlesex School District, re- porting in 1878, speaks harshly of the poor qualifications of Middlesex teachere of 1877. The 97 schools, emjjloying 1 10 teachers, claimed five teachers holding first class old county board certificates, 38 pro- vincial and (17 the lowest legal grade. Lobo paid the highest salaiies, *tOO annually to ienuile and $575 to male teachers. There were 184 HISTORY OF THE 43 brick school buildings and r»4 frame ones. The denotninatii)nal character of the leacliers shows 47 Presbyterians, o'A Methodists, 11 English Church, 10 Baptists, five Catholics and three Disciples. In his reitort of June, 1H7!>, he places the expenditure in 187."! at i:5(12,774.41, including charges to capital account, or S4H,450.0.S, being ^rt.'M per registtn-ed pu])il. There were Hli provincial teachers, ^' third class, and seven old county board teachers employed, the aver- iige salary being S291 for female teachers. Mr. Carson, reporting for the year ending December 31, 1879, stntes, that tiie nine townships and five incorporated villages in his division had 4.! brick and nn frame buildings ; 72 male and 40 female teachers presiding over S,23li pupils. The total sum ])aid teachtirs \va< .1M-l,2r>:i.;i'.), and, I'or other items, S',(14:),71. At the close of IS74 there were two of the old log school buildings in London Township and three in Biddulph. No. 10 was replaced by a frame house, and old To, in London, was unused in 1870. In Biddulph the Langford log school-house was broken up, the Atkinson log school- house was boar(i(!d on the outside, while the Donnelly school, then the largest log house in the county, was burneil. The school law of 1S71 is responsil)le for such improvement. Inspector Carson reported in 1881 an enrollmejifc of 8,248 pupils in his district, at a cost per cjipita of S(i.2() for the year 188(1, the t per cent, of the enrollment. John Dearness, of Division No. 2, reported a tot»il expenditure of «.-.l,7!)().81, of which teachers received «42,084.43. The mimber of piipils enrolled was ',1,228, showing a male nuijority of 8;U. The report of Inspector Carson for 1881 gives $"(1,148.48 as tln' amount exyiended for school purposes in the Western Division and the number of schools 97. Of 7,023 pupils enrolled, only .t.Cil'.t attended school over 1 00 days There were 1 1 3 teachers employed, at an aver- age salary for males of !i!!42!l and for females of §300. The report on the Eiistern Division by Inspector Dearness show* an expenditure of f"»0,727. 30. There were 03 male teachers and :'? female teachers emjjloyed, where in 1874 there were 47 male and 42 female teachers. The enrollment of ',1,177 shows a male majority nt 740. In.spector Car.son, in his report for the year ending Dec. 31, lUff- shows $."(3,302.04 expended in the Western School Division, (iri5ii.7" ]ter capita. He fails not to notice that Middlesex exi)end(Ml more on .schools in 1882 than any other coimty in Ontario, SlU,^^^.^:', of which the sum of $8."i,378,71 was ex|)ended on teachers' salaries, Iwin^ $r),432.(i0 over the highest sum paid by any other county, I" 'n- COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX. 186 ,ominatioiial Bthodists, 12 sciples. In in 187:^ al tSO.OH, being teachers, 41 ed, the aver- ,er 31, 1879, illages in his md 40 female \ teachers \va'< lained hittevly IS on the wall? lesex, re^ovtol of lS.'«:'., !'.• attendei! yed, at an avev- iDeavnessslioW; 1 teachers and'-. L7 male and i\ |nale majority ol Dec. :^1, !>**!:;; livisiou, <'V !?''•'" LendiMl move oil V#ll4,r.-J'i.f;-i,ol Is' salarii'S, \^r county. 1"'"' division 7,701 pupils were enrolled, of whom o.dO."} attended, or 47 iier centum. There were "tl frame and 45 brick school buildings. Insi)ector Dearness shows a total ex])enditure of $112,184.80 in the Eiistern Division on an enrollment of 0,02(). There were 57 male tcacluM's emiiloyed at an average salary of 3384 and 54 female teachers at 5*240, wliile the average attendance was about 47.0. In 1888, !?54,.')01.04 were exj)ended on the schools of the Western Divi.sion, .)f which $4.'>,()15.83 reinesented leacher.s' salaries. The number of jiupils enrolled was 7,340, or 3,837 boys and 3,503 girls, Seventy male and 40 female teachei-s were employed. In this year a new linuse was erected in McCJillivray. In the Eastern Division the enumeration was 8,715, 4,70."! boys and 4,012 girls, and the cost of education was §(!.08 per capita. The total ex])enditure was $55,684 31. Inspector ^arson's report on the Western Division schools for 1884 fives 8."ir),(lii5.72 as total expenditure, or $7 71 per capita, based on an enumeration of 7,145, .'!,7(i7 boys and 3.378 girls. One hundred and eleven teacher.s were enjployed. In the P"a.stern Division a total ex]iendituro of $()0,;!45.27 was reported. The enumeration shows ,s,(;io ])upils, of whom 40 per cent, attended. The Western District rejiort for 18S5 .shows an expenditure of $50,!I40..J0, or a cost ])er pupil of S7.07. In Strathroy and Mosa the cost was $(>.:!2 and $5.57 resi)ectively. The average salary ])aid nmle teachers was $442 and female teachers $319. The school ])opulation was 8,002, while the average attendance was 4,07.'> ; Strathroy showing 478, of 800 enrolled, attending. During the year l.'>l teachers were emiiloyed. In the Eastern District the enrollment was 7,550, while the attendance was ■'iii,t4 per cent. Tiie total expenditures amounted to $51,74(1 50. The average salary paid male teachers was $447 and female teachers $308. The liigliest salary paid any teacher was $600 in Nissouri. The ex])enditure for 188t) in the Western District was $68,561.74, Strath- roy contributing $8,087.51 and Parkhill $2,588.22 of the total. There were 122 teachers employed at an average cost of $561.08, atul an average salary of .'?4.">5.40 for male teachers and $320.00 for female teaeli(!rs. The enrollment was 7,884 while the attendance was over "li percent. In the Eastern District the total expenditure amounted to8r)S,SU.55. The inimber of ])upils enrolled was 7,(544 while the attendance was a little over one-half. The number of rural school- buildings was 8S. The averagt- salary i)aid male teachers was $444 and female teachers $308. One of the events of the year worthy of not«, was the establishment of a kindergarten (the first in this part of tlie Province) in London South (S. S. No. 2, Westminster). In 17!i'.' Mr. Strachan, aftcu'warde Bishop Strachan, arrived from Scotland, with tiie object of taking charge of the college which 'inveriior Simcoe desired to establish in connection with the English 'Imrch Simcoe was gone, and the subject of the college slept. A yi'iir after, Richard Cartwright, referred to in the ]iolitical history, gave "1. Strachan charge (>f the education of his four sons, v/ith the privi- 186 IIISIOKY OK TIIK lege of taking ton more pupils at the rate of $50 each ]ier yoar. In ISOM Mr. Strachan moved to Cornwall, whither thiiteen of his pupils followed. Educational matters claimed much of his attention, and on March 15, 1S27, the University of King's College was chartered, with nine officers, members of the Church of England. Tliis denominatinnal feature was removed in 1.S4l'-:i, and a Secular College establislied. The Royal Grammar School became incorjwrated with tlie Upiter ( 'anada College in 1829. From such begiimings spread forth the several ('ollegiate Institutes which are now found in Western Ontario, In.sti- tutions for the higher education of women were begun at Sand- wich by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart early in the fifties, and, later, continued at London, where, still later, Hellmuth Ladies' College was established. In the history of London City, sketches of the commou schools and higher educational institutions are given. COUNTY OK MIUULKSKX. 187 CHAn'EU XI. HIGHWAYS*, RRIDGKS AND RAILROADS. The building of a road through the district where Loudon now stiiiuls was ordered ni LSI 7. The litie had previously been surveyed liv (ioveriiiuent otticials, and it remained then for men to turn out and liiy down the rude " corduroy," ovt^r which the settler's cart rattled and bumped for twenty years afterwards. The first entry in the road re"istor was made by John B. Askin, under an order of Session, dated .liuiuarv 12, \S2'2. The entry shows an examination by A. A. Kapelje, ^nvvtvor for the To\vnshi|)s of Walpole and liainham, of a road from the bank of Lake Erie, on the eastern line of Kainham Township to the western limits of the Township of Walpole. Richard Bristol, deputy surveyor, laid out a road -lanuary 11, IS'Jl, from the line Ixitween lots "i 1111(1 G Talbot street, to the conflux of Otter ( 'reek and Lake Erie. On .March L'O, 1S2L', a road in the Townshiji of Bayham was surveyed oil Innd granted to His Majesty by William Hatch, Thomas Neville, and Nathan Caswell, residents of Bayham, then in the County of Middlesex. On this date .lohn Bostwick, surveyor, reported that a iiwd IVdUi the mouth of Kettle Creek to Talbot road, surveyed in 1821, was iiniiiaelicable, at least from Goodhue's mill to their still house, and lie asked the magistrates to alter said road so as to run from the mill by the house of Daniel Kajxilje, and thence to the summit of the hill, keeping along the brow acmss the lands of William Drake. Later in ISL'ii, John Saxton, of Bayham, presented the following letter to the iiiagistrates of Quarter Sessions : — " Whereas, James Hutcheson has made apjilication to me to look over the ground that Col. Burwell surveyed from No. 1(5 to Big Otter Creek, and the line that Mr. Hazeii ran : I do hereby certify that I find the Hazen line to be on the Ijest ground and easiest made a comfortable road." Ill .Septemlier, ISi'i', Samuel Smith, surveyor, recommended altera- tion of the road on the West Branch of Kettle Creek, so as to pass thiouj^li the lands of John Mitchell, the Hamiltons, J. Warren and Heiivy Keaniy to the Talbot road cast. In July, 1S23, Surveyor Jos. Lemon laid out a road along the Charlotteville town line. IVter Lossing explored a road from the front of the ;lrd Conces- sion of Norwich to Cromwell and Schooley's Mills. In September, 1824, Timothy Kilbourn examined the I'roof Line in London from the uoilh-east corner of the 1 2th Concession to the mill creek crossing of tlui llth Concession line. On December .S, 1824. John Saxton sur- veyed a mad in the Townshijis of Bayham and Malahide, from lot 7 "11 the r)th Concession and No. ti on the 4th to Joel Tyrrell's, via Henry llihlile's, .lolin Coil's and Aaron Tyrrell's. Surveyor James Carroll "lid out roads in Dereham and Norwich in 1825. Roswell Mount 188 IIISTOUY OK THE surveyed, in March, 1826, a road nearly parallel with an allowmia; tor a road between tlie ord and 4th Concessions of London, one b(!<,'iiiniii!; in the centre of the 4th Concession and one bi;ginninfj in tlie ousltrn limit of the road allowance between lots (S and 9 in the 3rd Concession, At this time there was a bridge across the North Branch. In Nov. 1827, Surveyor Mount laid out a road commencing on the west side of the East Branch bridge, near the south-east angle of London Townsliijt, and also other roads in London, t.'arradoc and Lnbo. He reported the line of a road in Lobo impracticable by reason of its crossing Silver Creek several times. In October, 1827, John Bostwick examined a road from the Dereham furnace to the Talbot road, so as to intersect that road between lots 1.") and lt» in Bayham. In Decem- ber, 1827, a petition was presented representing the necessity of a new road froin the Commissioners' Road to the bridge at the forks of the Thames. In November, 18l'7, Mr. Mount surveyed a road from a point near the centre of the 3rd Concession of Lobo, beginiiin},' mi the bank of a large creek and along the bank to the front of the eon- cession. In November, 1827, a petition to the Justices represented the necessity of a road from Burleigli Hunt's store, on the Conunissioiiois' Koad in Westminster, to the side-road between lots 24 and 2."), on the Thames in London, across the bridge, and over the river at ()ar{liiiei''> mill in Westminster, and again from the bridge to the GoveriinKnt road at Frank's place. This was surveyed by Boswell Mount. In December, 1827, a road was surveyed between lots 18 and 1'.', in Westminster, to Watters & Lamore's mill, on the rear part of lot I\ 1st Concession. There was a road surveyed from the mill along the south side of the pond ; also a road from Tiffany's mill in Delaware te the north branch of Talbot road, to come out near Dingman's farm on that mad. Sylvanus Eeynolds, foreman of a jury to examine the ground donated for a Government road through the Township of Dela- ware, declared that the route is impracticable, and asked for re-location. In July, 1828, Surveyor John Bostwick laid out roads in the Catfish Creek neighborhood, in Malahide and Yaraiouth, while Peter Lossing made re-surveys in Burford, Wingham and Norwich, to facilitate travel to and from the Norwich saw and grist mill. Wm. K. Cornisli surveyed a road from the centre of Townsend Townshij) to tlie Indian lands at the mouth of Patterson's Creek. In March, 182'.', a roaii from the 4th Concession of London, to the Thames bridge at 13. Wood- hull's mills, in Lobo, was laid out by Koswell Mount, part of it follow- ing the old Mill Creek Koad, In April, 1829, a street was laid outliv Mr, Mount for Dr. Tiffany near his mills in Delaware village. About this time a road from WoodhuU's mill, in Lobo, to the Longwond> Road, in Caradoc, at a point near James Craig's farm, was surveyed by Mount. On January 13, 1830, the Court of Quarter Sessions resolved :- " If the membprs of each division of roads were to furnish for tiieir COUNTV OK MIDDLESEX. (iivisioDs a proper scraper for furr • kept i„ possession of the roadmasSfoAt I'^^^T'^ ^^^ "'^^'^ (to Ik. greatly to tlie edect of the statutTu] '""'' '^<^'"fe'). it WonlZw^ contort of the inhabitants. Sn^iS; "' ^-'^l "^ ^^ "'« ri a^t ysn.all subscriptions i„ whea d" Wed T'''' "'^" ^«"'^^ tl.e scrapers nm.le in the conrse of the w, ^^'T' ^vho' would '' recmnmen. s this n.easure to the adorln 'f ,7' ''l^'" '"'"'' «*^«"«'v llieactof March (i, 1830 «ri/Zl Ti.m'' "''^'^bitants general v" to l.e expended on roads and tC'^AV ' '' -"'^^ J-"don S Jet On Ararch 16.1831 £o nnn ''«'»! Geo. London District to be exptS J'^ar''^^^'^-^. ^'''^'•''«'"-'t to the Commissioners were Leslie l>.,ff. . '""^ bridges Th<. = ? wliat is now Ei;,i, 2k Aife^".'; ^n-Jrew Dobie and Is-iae f'^^'^^^^y-' iJnncan AfcKe; ' W^"?,>'^'' '""^ "enry Shorwi k of Wei '"'"^''' "'' ;!"^% .Merrill an^d iZ^tZZrf T'^' S^^^'^ ^SZ' Craig and Singleton Gardiner /f ?- ^T"^"": ^"s^^ell Moimti' y son arulJarnes nS o ' St -^ '''''^"''' ^^^'^'^ H"dW- ;''?•' Alalcolm, Join, Kellv and IW,« !"^T' ^"^ I'o't Stanley v''' '»'»J. Geo. llig,on and M.vu"' Sacknder, of Norwich Gvv' irV"'^ 190 IIISTOKY OF TnE Wlmnicliff road was siirveyud by Peter* CaiToIl early in is;]l,but re-surveyed on a new route in September that year by M. Hurwell, shorteninjT the old route two and three-quarter miles, and avouling the hills on the old road, hi early years the Government openetl a road on tlie survey of J3. B. Brif^liam, from n point between lots 22 and 2:5 on the tirst niiioe north of the Longwoods road in Caradoc to the town of Adelaide. In 'luly, lH3i{, Uichard Brown surveyed a road from the north side of Forbes' bridf^e over the Thames westward through Forbes' orchaiti, Willson's house and orcliard, to tlie south-west corner of ( 'oiicl'ssIoii 4, A, ill the broken front, Townsliip of London ; thence diagonally across numbers .") and 6, in Concession A, keeping the height of liii.d to D Merrill's saw mill dam ; thence up the hill to Concession B in Loiiiion. A road was also surveyed through the Ist Concession of Wt'stmiii- ster, south between lots !• and 8 to the Commissioners' !!f)a(l, ami one from the south side of the bridge, east along the river bank to Nortoii'j grist mill ; thence round the pond and across the lands of Hirani Crawford. In November, 1842. the Council petitioned Hamilton 11, Killalv, President of the Board of Works of the Province of Ontario, dniwin? his attention to the daiigerous state of the bridge over the Thames al the stage road crossing in Delaware Township. This improvement was asked for in view of the proposed Provincial Plank Road, which, it was alleged, would be built along that route. 'Toll Roads. — On Sept. 1,1850, f.i.TOO were paid to the Provinc::i: Government for the Port Stanley Koad. In December, LSod, a k" of tolls on the system of government roads was issued to Nov, > 1851, for £824. Tiie county also purchased the Delaware brid^'e i ■ £10(1, and the Brantford roads for £700, the sum being payaiile :; ten years at five per cent In response to a motion by Richard Tooley and -Fohn Keiirw made December 10, 180'.l, the following statement of the length ii | miles, amount of income derived from tolled roads, and county n:r paid from January 1, 1852 to December 31, 1808, inclusive, was ma ■rows.sini>. Adelaide Caradoc Delaware Delaware Dorchester North . . Dorchester North . . Dorchester North . , Dorclieater North . , Lobo Lobo Lobo London London MO.ES. NAMB or UO.\I>. INCOMK. t! Sarniaroad $ 2,460 !t7 6 Longwoods road 7 2S2 :it 4 Ijongwoods road 4,44.S .S.l 2 Delaware and Lobobr. load. :i3t) .^S 2g Westniin8ter& Dorchester rd. l,'.t;!2 Iti) 3 fJovernor'a road 2,615 70 9i Brantford road . 11,18^11 1 1 Elgin road 1,7:37 ."iO 5 Sarniaroad 12,.'i6.! 74 7 1-7 Lobo and Williams road 1,321 76 U Dataware and Lobo br. road.. 336 .'iS 6 " Sarnia road 2!), 320 (iti 14^ Adelaide st. k between 8 k !). 6,i)60 til COINTV KAIl 7i,i«:> 44,.s:i : Sll.iiW!*! 26«,'2?''l Carried forward |82,502 48 irly in IHMl.hm by M. Hnrwell, land avouliiijj the on tlio survey of Ion the first raiiije of Adelaide. loni the north side [h Forbes' orchard, of ( 'oucessioii 4, diagonally across light of lai.J to D tsion B in Loiulnn. lion of Wustniiii- ers' Itoad, and one r bank to Norton'j lands of Hirani iniilton 11. Killalv. Ontario, tlrawins ver the Thames at This iinprovenieni ank Koail, which, it id to the Provincial tnber, ISoO, a ieasf issued to Nov. olL )elaware bridge for I 1 being jtayable m [ and John Keams t of the length ii ids, and county n'.i | iclusive, was made •OM K. ■160 !»7 2S2 ;it 44.S !^r, :j3tj nH \y.\2 Slit 615 70 18^ 14 7:37 56 56:! 74 321 76 336 58 320 66 060 (il (.•orXTY Ml' I 7i,is:^ 44.sn:i| 266,; 602 48 m m TowNsiiir. Broiiglit forward. Londuii 5 /^ndoii ,' 5 1 .Mosa 5 .Vi'.soiiri West .' n .N'ijisoiiri A Vest 3 Westminster 2i Wi.'stiiiinster. . , . .' 2 Westminster n ^Vestminster 2'' \*'e^tminst(T <;!{ ^Villiams Kast .' '2I COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. »•"■««• NAMK OK LOAD. Oovernor'a road 'Jrantford road Haggarty road.'.'.'.',"" •■• Wytonroad ".Z^a Governor's road 3,S40 lirantford road.'.'.".'.', ^.fll.'; ""»crnors roat 'irantford road Longwoo JSM 1 1 " ^n c 1" "»■ >' «« tho w 'sfT "> «<«"8ecember 18 V^ .1, ^. completed at 13 '• ^^''•^' the Finance Committer r ^ummittee recommended the 192 HISTORY OF TK: issue of debentures for £11,00(1, i)ayable in sums of XaoO annually, commencinji in 1854 and ending in 1874. At this time the (li;l)eii tures outstanding were £4,ri00, due the Provincial Governnunit in 1860; debentures under Bylaw No. 6, maturing in lS54-ri, f2,(i(JU; debentures under By-law No. 10, due in 1855-7, £0,000 ; deiiciitures under By-law No 22, payable in 180.!, £20,000, and the dt^luMitures jnoposed as above for £11,000. At this time, November, 185.!, tiien- were £27,084 8s. 5d. expended on county roads, and £8,427 8s. 8d. required to complete the roads then under way. On Jan. 2G, 1354, Donald Fraser, of the Committee of Public Itnprovements, reported in favor of appro] iriating £50,0;!0 to [¥■ expended on roads opened in 185.'!, as following : — £5,000 on tliu Delaware and Chatham roads ; £4,020 on Governor's road ; Welliiii;- ton Bridge road, £:!,4!»'.l ; Elgin road, £4,158; Currie road, £7,2l'."i; Hagarty road, £:>,200 ; Adelaide road, £:!,8.'i5 ; London cand Sariii;i road, £4,800 ; Lobo and Williams road, £5,810 ; Westminster ami Dorchester townline, £5,0'.I7 ; Delaware, south of the gravelled road, £5,435 ; London, Wyton and St. Marys road, £0,045. The totivl amount expended on toll roads in each township between January 1, 1852, and December 31, 1808, is set forth as follows :- Adelaide, $25,143.24; ("aradoc. §47,403.10; Delaware, §21,315.811; Dorchester N., §80,074.40; Ekfrid, §14,833.73; Lobo, 78,l'.t(i.8S: London, §144,007.51; Mosa, .'S30,.542.78 ; Nissouri W., §40,8()2.4ii; Westminster, $101,327.38, and E. Williams, §8,770.l>3, aggref;atin!i §599,197.40. The sum received during the sixteen years was less than half the amount expended, so that on the face of the account the toll road apj^etirs to liave proved itself an expensive luxury, as well as a vexatious improvement. The total sura expended on all other roads in the county during the sixteen years amounted to §739,458.50, of which the city granted 814,500. The expenditure on county roads, from 1850 to 1804 inclusive. was §49,037.87, the year 1862 claiming the greatest outlay, §11,071.11' The total receipts for road fund during the six years amounted to §78,911.22, thus leaving a balance of §29,873.35. The sum of §;!,011 was expended on roads, from which revenue was not derivable. From Dec. 1, 1851, to Jan. 1, 1872, the townships expended on toll roads $626,803.73, and on common highways §779,828,»i8. The first item amounted to $654,272.19, and the second to §807,707.39, by Jan. 1, 1873. The amount expended on tolled roads, from Dec. 31, 1872, to Jan. 1, 1878, was §92,291.90; while §27,840.67 were expended on common highways and their bridges; $8,180, county grants, t^xpembl for township boundary lines ; §21,014.49 for tolled-road bridge,s, and $3,205 for plank and work on various county roads. From Dec. :>1, 1851, to Jan. 1, 1872, the sum expended on tolled roads was i^'S- 863.73; on common roads, §133,039.95; co ity grant to township lines, $19,925 ; total, $779,828.68, The total levenue from toll roads. from 1869 to 1873 inclusive, amounts to $74,199.53. The total amount COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 193 nf tolls loceived from county roads, from 1874 to 1880 inclusive, was 899,(599.71, find the expenditure for repairs, Sec, $l.S3,47l.8S, l)eing an excess of expenditure over revenue of So;>,772.17. John Levie, Chairman of a Committee appointed by the Council in 1872 on the abolition of tolls, repoited on December (1, that year, as follows: — "That the gross amount received annually at toll-gates is !<18,'i00; that the average annual repairs and renewals amount to g;!l,0(iii; that the lessees and gate-keepers receive annually i*4,r)()0; that the City of London oilers to abolish market fees as soon as the cmintv abolishes tolls." • * * The re])ort recommends the aboli- tion of tolls, but under plans, which could not bring a total alwlition immediately. A Conuuitteo appointed in 1873 to devise an equitable scheme for tlie iiholition of tolls upon the county roads reported, through .1. Arm- strong, Mnvch .^, 1874, that in order to abolish tolls and (lo ju.stice to the niuiiicijifilities which have not received their etjual shart; of road money.'!, the payment of del)enture debt .shoidd be .so ap[iortioned to lacli municipality in proportion to the amount expended by each for Iliad and l)ridge improvement, thus decreasing the anujunts such town- slii]\s will have to ])ay in the future, as comjtared with rate of payment m 1S74. Thus the debenture debt of 1874, $ij 1 7,000 (exclasive of the amount which London City had to ]>ny), would be apportioned as Mows : — Adelaide, §24,982.91; Caradoc, S44,r)75..'U ; Delaware, ?28,10:!.3(i ; Dorchester, S60,(i.sr).28 ; Ekfrid, *L8,(;61.02; London, ^101,254.9,3; Lobo, $53,716.80; Metcalfe. $20,092.38 ; Mosa. $24,074; Xissouri, $:53,565.93 ; Westminster, $78,631.23 ; Esist Williams, Sill,6.n;!.89; West Williams, $8,188.93 ; Strathroy,$:!,271.27; Wards- ville, .*2,4 10.07; Parkhill, $509.67 ; Newbury, $1,563. Such pay- ments spread over fourteen years at six per cent., the amount of annual }iayments to be decided upon by the (Jouncil, and each muni- cipality have the jmvilege of paying the whole or any portion of such iimouiit aj)i)ortioned at will. This Committee also recommended that the toll bridge at Waixisville and the toll roads of the county cease to. siilieit toll after January 1, 1875. Li August, 1 874, a resolution of the Council directed the Warden and Solicitor to have a bill presented to the Ontario Legislature on the basis of the alwve recommendations. At this time the London City Council agreed to abolish market fees so long as the county roads were free, and this agreement was ordered to be noticed in the special bill to be presented to the Legislature. In •lime, ] 875, the same chairman reported a series of amendments to the first rejiort. In Decemhif, 1874, James Armstrong, John Waters and Simon McLeod were appointed delegates to the Provincial Legislature ta ailvocate tlit; passage of a bill for adjusting the debt and abolishing toll roads in this county. The tolls on county roads were abolished lune 7, IHSl, the by-law taking effect Jan. 1, 1882. At this time there were 21 leased toll gates and 13 hired under-keepers. 194 IIISTOUY OF THE In January, 188:.', a comniuiiication from Street & Becher, barrig. ters, yiointed out tlie illegality of the by-law .sr>2 of Sept. li(i, 1881, ordering the issue of debentures for etl'ecting the abolition of tolls. This letter also jwinted out that should the Council carry out tiie pro|)osition to issue similar debentures, the barristers named wen; autliorized to bring the matter before the courts. In December, 186."), the toll gates on the several roads were rented to the following buyers : — Gate Xo. 1, Dorchester Town Line, to Ralph Simpson. 2, " " " " Samuel Wilson. " 4, Elgin Road, to Win. Thompson. " 1, Lobo and Williams Road, to Robert Laird. " 2, " " " Wm. (irayson. 1, Wyton Road, to W. F. Howard. " ;t, Sarnia Road, to A. MeArthur. " 2, Longwoods Road, to M. A. Langtry. " 3, " " T. Langtry. " 1, Ilagarty Road, to R. Dixon. 2, " " J. Martin. In 1 882 the gates and buildings were sold outright. Early liri/h/en. — In the history of London reference is madetotlic first bridges built in the county. In 1 829 a bridge was built over the Thames, in Caradoc and Delaware, on the road leading from Ymk tn Sandwich. In January, 18.">0, a sum of £87 K's was still due, anJ this Slim the magistrates asked the Legislature to grant, as the bridgi' was a provincial rather than a district work. In the sju-iiig of ISoU £.")(> were granted towaixl building a bridge on the north branch of the Thames, on the new road from the court-house. Statute labor \n> ordered to be expended on the bridge near Dingman's Creek. From this period forward bridges multiplied, and a few years later fordiii;! the creeks and rivers was something that had passed away for ever. James Cull, District Surveyor in 184;{, suggested the building of a biidge over the Thanio.? in Ekfrid at the Tyrconnell road crossiDp He pointed out the value of a good road to Tyrcorniell, as their good* could be shipi)ed or landed with as much convenience as at any jiart of the lake, except in a harbor. In his report he refers to the 1 )elaware and Kilworth bridges, and states, that during the winter of 18-l:'-:ithf ice ] tiled uj) several feet above the railing of the former, and in bolii cases caused serious injury. With the exception of the two broken bridges, there was not (in May, 184;i,) a bridge over the Thames ii 150 miles, the distance by river from Lonu. ii to Chatham. In August, 184.'!, the old Delaware bridge was taken down, ami j one Leynard, a contractor, Adam Douglass and John Lloyd, black- smiths, John Dreaker, Win. Jones, John Ia'c and (Jeo. Lockyer, wiv I accused before ^lagistrate G. .1. Goodhue of tappropriating the iroi and he ordered them to pay the District £ I H. In January, 18."i4, a bridge at Lobo Station, on the 0. WI''*,! and a large number of new roads, were recommended to be ('iin.striicteij In a communication addressed to the Council, December '.i 18' COUNTY OF MIDKLKSKX. 195 il voads vveve. rented liv F. II Talbot, T5i'idge Commissioner, it is stated that the Sylvan bridi'p ei'orti'd in 18(18 is believed to be the oldest one within the (Oiiiity. Ho recojnnieiided the removal of the old Delaware bridge ; al.so one at Wardsville, instead of the twenty-year-old strncture, and (iiie on tlio comity line in North Dorchester, instead of the existing stniptinv. Tlii^ bridges leading into Lo'idon, referred to in the history oftlif city, an; all niodern, time or flood having removed the jtrimitive structures and their successors. From end to end of the county large and small bridges are well constructed. The Komoka bridge was swept away March L* 1 , 188(), by an ice flow. In June, 188<>, con- tracts for r(>building this bridge, one at Delaware and that at Waubuno, was sold. In I8S;! (lovernment engineers, mider G. F. Austin, made a sui-vey of the Tliauies from Chatham to London to ascertain the practicability of its navigation. Ainong other suggestions he reported in favor of a canal from tlie river at Middlemi,ss to Lake Erie, via lona. Jiailnxuh. — The London and Gore Railroad Co. was incorporated March G, IS;!-)-, with the object of building a road from London to Hauiiltiin or Burlington Bay, and one to the navigable waters of the Tlianu'sand Lake Huron. This company comprised : — Miles O'Rielly, Edward Allan Talbot, Thomas Tarke, Geo. J. Goodhue, A. N. McNab, C. C. Ferrie, .lohn ^fcFarlane, Wm. Robertson, Thomas Gibbons, L. Lawrason, Deiniis O'Brien, John Scatchord, James Hamilton, Joseph Cowley, Nicholas Galfney, Joseph L. O' iJell, John O'Neil, James Farley, John Jennings, Harvey Shepherd, John Kent, Albert S. O'Dell, Henry Shonnick, Hiram D. Lee, Wm. B. Lee, Burley Hunt, Nathan Grifiith, Andrew Drew, Robert Alway, Peter Carroll, Dr. Charles Duncombe, Thomas Horner, Oliver Turner, E. A. Spahling, Geo. W. Whitehead, Peter Bamberger, Manuel Overiield, James Mc- Fariaiie, James B. Ewart, Thomas J. Horner, Joseph (Jreer, Cr. W. Bremner, Natlian Jacobs. Charles Goulding, T. U. Howai-d, T. J. Jones, James Ingersoll, John Young, John Weir, A. McDonnell, Wm. B. Sheldon, Ebenezer Stin.son, Samuel Mills, Peter Hunter Hamilton, Abrani K. Smith, Jos. Roleston, T. Taylor, H. Carroll, C. Martin, James Ritchie, E. Jackson, Jedediah Jackson, Welr-me Y .1e, Luke V. Spur, Ira Schofield, ALddon Burwell, Andrew Miller, D. A. Mc- Nab, Wm. Notman, M. Crooks, Oliver Tiffany, P. Burley, Geo. T. Titlany, Ed. Vandorlip, Wm. Case, A. Smith, and John Law. As far back as 18;>7 it apjiears that the idea of constructing a rail- road from tho Niagara to the Detroit River, passing through St. Thomas, was entertained. A notice in the Liberal calls upon stockholders in the "Niagara and Detroit Rivers Railroad Company" to pay up their tirst installment of 2A per cent. This is signed " John Prince, Presi- dent; Park Farm, Sandwich, U. C." The scheme has slept for a number (jf years, however, and the dreams of the ambitious settlers along the line of the proposed road have been since carried out by their more enterjirising neighbors to the north. 196 HISTOUY OF THE On Marcli 2!», 1845, the act incorporatiiit» the London & Gote Railroad (Jo. was revived, but the name was changed to that of "The Great Western Kaihoad Co." On June !), 19U'>, another act confer- ring powers on a corresponding committee at London, Eiij,'., was jjassed, antl on May 30, IS4'.>, the charter was further aiiiended. A bmnch road to Gait was authorized in Au|»ust, 1850, and on April 22, 1853, an act to anglicize the name into "The Great Western [tail- way Co." became law. The building of a main trunk line was provided for in the act approved August .10. 1851, and in November, 1852, further lej^islii- tion to facilitiite railroad building was adopted. The act to incor- ponite the Grand Trunk Kail way was passed Nov. 10, 1852. Tliis jtrovided lor a road from Toronto to Montreal. On the same day the Hamilton & Toronto Railroad was authorized. The act incorporating the London & Port Sarnia Railway CH. was assented to April 22 185:1. Among the subscribers or sliaiv- holders were a number of Enghsh cajiitalists, a few residents "i Hamilton, Niagara and Dundurn. The road was to be built from the foot of Lake to intersect the Groat Western Railroad at or near London. On December 10, 18(1'.», the following motion, showing the attitude of the Council toward railway companies, was proposed by S. McL«o(l, and seconded by R. Tooley, " Whereas, it is contemplated by the L?gi^• lature of Ontario to grant a charter to the Great Western Railroad (j to enable them to build an air line from IJunville to Glencoe, the pa- .sage of such an act we deem ])re judicial to the commerce and agricul- tural interest of western Canada, and extending and confirming tin present monopoly held by the Great Western and Grand Trunk Com- panies ; also that the Warden, etc., be instructed to telegraph iuuiieili- ately to the county members not to support the western bill, but fc advocate the granting of a charter to an independent comjjaiiy. The fusion of the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railroads wi- announced April 28, 1882. In January, 188:>, the work of connectic. the Great Western division and main line of the Grand Trunk Ijetweei Sarnia and I'oiiit Etlward, was begun, and the new railrt)ad depot .:: . Strathroy jjrqjected. The act to incorporate the London and Port Stanley Railiwi'- was assented to May 2:!. 185:1 The stockholders named were Mur ray Anderson, G. \V. lioggs, W. D. Hale, G. R. Williams, Rubt. Thom- son, W^ni. H. lligman, J. M. Batt, Boyce Thomson, Lawrence I^wra- son, Lionel Ridijut, S. S. Poraeroy, E. Jones Parke, Elijah Leonaiu Wm. Smith, S. Morrill, Freeman Talbot, Ellis W. Hyniiin, Tlionii; C. Dixon, Alex. Anderson, Thomas Cariing, E«iward Adams, Saimif- Peters, John Iv. Labatt, Wm. Barker, Daniel Harvey, Murdoch Mf Kenzie, Crowell Wills(jn and Cyrenius I). Hall. The caiiitahtet was placed at £150,000. The London & Lake Huron Railroad Co. was incorporated I COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 197 > Loudon & OoK id to that of "The inoUier act coufer- .ondoii, Ei>'^- y'« further aiueiwed. 850, ami on April treat Western Uail- ided for in the act 852, further les^isla- The act to incot- [ov. 10, 1B51 This la the same day the Saruia Railway Co, mhseribers ov share. a few resideutsol ;a; to be hnilt from ,1 llailvoad at ov neai showing the attituj rovosedbySMcI^-^l nuplatedbytUeLegb-l . Western Uadvoad to. letoGleucoe.theF; commerce and agncul- „., and confiruungtbe nd Grand Trunk Com- 1 to telet?raph ui"";^;- ,he western bill, hut to ident comvaiiy. STest^rn Kaih'oads ^ theworkofcouuectiK -'arand Trunk tet..ej new railroad cleiwt i' Vort Stanley Kailj;j| ders nan^ed wen. ^h^ Williams, li-W T^« iiaon Lawrence La» TCle Elijah Leona^i ilw Hyman,Tl>«*; Harvey, Murdoch J^^ lall. The capital st*' I was iucorpovatecM""* III IS;")?. This act provided for a road from London to Port Franks, at the mouth of the Aux Saubles. The incorporators were Elijah Leonard, . I ohn Carling, David Glass, Marcus Holmes, John Birrell, Danii.l Lester, Franci.s Smith, James Cousins, Wm. McBride, Patrick Y. N'onis and John Wilson. The lii-st lail was jjlaced on the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad December II, 1875, and the road opened for traffic. In Octol)er, 188(i, the Michigan Central Railroad (Jo. obtained the till' ri^'lit to run their trains into London over the London & Port Stanliy Kailroad. The by-law gi-anting a loan or bonus of $75,000 to ihc London & South eastern Railway Co. was carried by 1,957 to 329, ii majority of l.(i2H, in 1887. June 20 and 21 were the two days of 1887 devoted to the cele- liration of the entrance; of the Canadian Pacific and the Michigan Central Kailroads to I^iidon, and in October, 1888, the extension of the Canadian Pacific Kailroad westward, between Waterloo street and the river. wa,s begmi. The London City Street Railway Company's franchise has been given out gradually, and on Feb. 8, 1885, the by-law granting privileges to the City Railway Co. for 50 years on Richmond from York to Dundas, and thence on Dundas to Adelaide, was approved ; Scatclierd and Meredith being the legal examiners. The road now extends to the eastern and the northern limits. Railroad Accidents. — In 18r)3-4 a immber of serious accidents marked the o])ening of the Great \\'estern Railroad. Strong complaints were made, and the system improved a little, but still the work of railroad murdt'r was carried on. In May, 1859, a Mrs. Rafferty was killed near tJrafton by a Grand Trunk train. Isaac Heysette, a brakeman, was killed at Mt. Brydges, Sept. 2, 1859, while coupling cars. Benj. Harding, .son of Wm. Harding, of the City Arms Hotel, King .street, was killed near Princeton while returning from Niagara, J in Se]ttemlier, 18(il, The London & Port Stanley Railroad accident of March 211, 1872, restdted in the death of E. Tonkin and Robert Fletcher, 1 engine drivers, and injury to a number of persons. The deaths on the rail within the city of London in 1872 numbered six; the collision at [the race conr,sc resulting in the killing of three persons. The accident iif June 2(1, at the Adelaide Street crossing, in London, caused the Ideathof George Thomas. 1 )aniel Ward's head was severed from his Ibody, and several men were seriously crushed. In November, 1872, Ian accident on the Port Stanley Railroad, north of St. Thomas, and one Ion the (jrand Trunk Railroad, three miles south of Thorndale, were Ireconled. William T. Brown, of London, a brakeman on a freight train, |wa.s torn to ])ieces by an express train at Appin, J\dy 18, 1873. It appears, [while engagcid in cooling a journal of his train, he left his lamp on the jinain track. Seeing the exjiress coming, he reached for the lamp, was Struck instantly, and carried under the train. The railway collision at "hamesvil'.e, Aug 30, resulted in serious injury to fourteen persons. 198 IIISTOHY OF THK Mrs. Groves and her three children ; Mis. Nichols, of London, anil Mrs. Black, of Strathroy, were among the injured. ( 'hristopiier Cfardiner, a yotith residing near Glencou, was run over by a train of seventeen Hat cars in November, and his body cut into two ])art.s. The destruction of a passenger coach near Komoka, February 3, 1874, resulted in the incineration of nine human beings iiiul fatnl injuries to three others. A coroner's inquisition was held at Komoka when witnes.ses related that the train, composed of the engine, tlirw oil-tank cjirs, one baggage, one second-class and one first-class cars the last containing about fifty passengers, left London at (l.liS ]i. lu. When within three or four miles of Komojva, the saloon in the forwunl end of the passenger car was discovered to be on fire, from the laiii]! therein having fallen or having been knocked down. The conductor hurried forward from the rear end of the car, and told the brak-emaii to go over the cars and get the engine stopped, as the bell-rope did not extend over the oil-cars, and there was no means of signalling tn tin- engineer. The brakenian returned and said that he could not "et over. The conductor then went himself. The brakeman had iit the first sight of the fire applied his brake, which ])revented the success of the attemi)ts made to detach the burning car from the others. The conductor had succeeded in reaching the engineer and stoppiii" the train, and by that time the train going at twenty-five miles an hour, had made over a mile from the time the fire was discovered. Rev. S. Hooper, of Woodstock, said : — " All pressed to get out behind, as far as I could see ; I sj)rang with the rest, and was taken with the press out the rear door. I tried to get down the steps, on the south side of the car. They were full of ])eo])le hanging on for life. 1 did what I could to push them oil' the .'•teps, but found it (piite imp sible, they clung so tenaciously to the rails. IJeing close to the lioor 1 was getting suffocated with the smoke and flanie, and fell duwii. One leg got between the brake rod and tlie centre one, and wa- pinioned there till the fire removed those pressing on me. The nois' of the people gasping for breath was terrible. Some were groaninsioii the track, and others shrieked as they fell off. A few only fidl oil the step, but many were puished oil' or fell olf the end. The llaiiie ami smoke coming out the door was so great that no one could last long « the platform. As soon as I could disentangle my leg, I throw niyseli from the car. People were lying on every hand, and thosis 1 coiil: reach I assisted as 1 could. Only one man, that I .Staw, was tiikiii * the car when it stopped ; the rest that were not dead got oil' them selves." The daughter of Conductor Mitchell is said to liave cast her- 1 self out of the window, while othei's state that the conductor flunffti girl out. Among the dead whose bodies were identified wore Joi McKellar, of the Strathroy school; Miss Purves, of Petrtdea; a si of Geo. Burnham, of Strathroy ; an Indian woman and her infant; ■ H. Breathwick, of London, with Miss ScarcliH' and Mi.ss Harriett Diiin Those who received serious injuries were John Hay, a merchant ' COUNTY OF MIDIJLKSKX. 19» Toninto; Daniel ^fcKellar, of K ,;aoka ; John H. Harsdeii, who iL'siilid tliivi^ mil(!s from Simcoo ; Jolin C. llobinsoii, of Watford; Au<;u.stuH Blessing, of Strathroy ; Neil McGu<,'an, of Strathroy; Mrs. Crawford, wifb of Samuel Crawford, agricultural implement raanufac- tiinsr, of Loiuloii ; Geo. ^Foncrief, Mayor of Petrolea; Mr.s. Lawrence, (,f Fctrolea ; Miss Martha Donaldson, of Komoka ; VV. H. MuiTay, of Stratlaoy; jMiss Mitchell, of Sarnia ; Mrs. Ryan, John Zavitz and wife, of iobo; Mrs. Freeman, of lii<,'er,soll ; Dr. Smith, of Komoka; Kev.' Mr. (,'ollamore, of London ; Kev. S. Hooper, of Woodstock ; two iiion imiiied Graham, of Lobo ; Arthur Orton and Me.ssrs. Dearness and Miller. The railroad accident of July 25, 1874, occurred near the scene of the Iraiii Ijuviiing of March previous, at the entrance to Sifton's (Jut, about four miles east of Komoka. It appears that some malcontent rcinovcd the rail ])lat(!S, so that when the locomotive .struck the loose ; rails, the eiij,'ine, tender, bagga<,'e, second and two first-class cars were [hurled from the track down the embankment. David Osborne, en- [tiiiiecr, was instiintly killed. liobert Scott, a drover of Lobo, was killed at Colborne street rail- Iway oiossini,' in Novend)er, 1875. In the railroad accident near IPriuceton, at Goble's Swamp, Oct. 5, 1876, William Cooper, the driver, IfiUd Andrew Irving, of London, were killed ; also G. Wright, baggarated from the [county ])olitically. Preceding this move of the Council, Councilman [Barker moved, in Sejit., 1848, to have a bill introduced in Parhament I to establish an annual fair at London. At this time the use of the [Town Hall was granted to the Middlesex Loan Association and the JAgripultural Society for stated meetings. Till' address to Governor-General James, Earl of Elgin, by the |C'ouni'il, is dated May 7, LS47. This speaks with approval of the lEiul's administration, and with indignation of the " insults committed I the jierson of Your Excellency." in October, 1849, the Governor- jeneral was invited to visit London. To receive him, the Council ailed on the following officers to order out their commands : — Edward hews, Captain of Light Artillery Company ; Captain John Smith, t-ondon Vol. llifle Co.; .loseph F. Ilolfe, No. 1 Fire Co.; Charles Lskew, Hook and Ladder Co. ; Sam. McHride. Juvenile Fire Co., and i^m. Till, master of the London Band. It may be noted that in the ^layor's invitation to the Governor, the latter's administration was ttdorsed, though the phrase was opposed by Nash and Carling. The t'ounty Agricultural Society held the annual exhibition in he Market Hou.se, April 22, 18.")1, the Council having hitherto granted ermission. On Oct. 7, the same year, a more important meeting was eld on the old grounds, east of the town, then in possession of thi; Ireat Western Ifailroad Oomjjany. The ladies' and mechanics' depart- ments were arranged in the old ]Market House, as in April, thirty-six pticles being exhibited in the first-named, and eighty-six in the last- Biued. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: — John B. skin, Esq., president; T. C. Dixon, Esq., 1st vice-president; Geo. obson, Esq., 2nd vice-president; E. Emery, Esq., :>rd vice-president; olin Stiles, Esq., treasurer; James Farley, Esq., secretary. Commit- •c-James Nixon, David Main, William Beattie, William Bell, West- 5 Ulster; Kobert Kobson, William Balkwill, Chri.stopher Walker, Wm. core, George Belton, London Township ; George W. Harper, Elijah mm], Wm. Barker, Roger Smith, town of London. Mr. Askin 202 HISTOKY OF TIIK stated that the reveiiiio of the year, exclusive of £100 <,'vaiit((l liyth,. London Town Council, amounted to jCoO'.i 16s. oid., of whicli the suin of XiV.I.'i lOs. 4d. was expended. On Jan. L'8, 18r)2, a committee of the Council suggested a lU'titimi to the Ix;gi,slatui'e asking for the sale of the North Block in the town (if London, the jiroceeds to be expcmded on the purchase of lands lir jigricidtural j)urposes and for the holding of free fairs. Iti September, 1 .S.")3, £.")00 were granted by the London Council to the Provincial Agricultural Society, on conditicm that the "next fair W held at London. John Scatcherd, reporting December 2, IS.io, on the ([uestion of the purchase by the county of the barrack grounds at London, recommended the Warden to communicate with the Ovdnmici' I )epartment regarding ])rice and terms. I'rior to this, in Si!])tenilx'r, 18")3, Mr Scatcherd and Mr. I'arisli moved that steps should Ijctiikunto secure the Provincial Exhibition of 18.'>4 for London. Many of tlms who took an intw'e.st in the Provincial and were active mendwrs of the as.sociation was first held in London, have passed away. The memlHr< of the local committee at London in 1854 were J. B. Askin, Presiihii; Middlesex Agricultural Society ; Thos. C. Di.xon, M. P. P. ; .luhii Scatcherd, Warden of Middlesex ; Marcus Holmes, Mayor ; J, B. Strathy ; T. Locker, Warden of Elgin ; G. Alexander, President Oxfunl Agricultural Society ; Mr. Wm. Balkwill, London Township; Mr John Stiles, do. ; Mr. Wm. Moore, do. ; Mr, (Jeo. Kobson, do. ; Mr. Jaiiie^ Quarry, McGillivray; Mr. Wm. Barker, city; Mr. John Carling, do; Mr. Wm. J. Fuller. In September, 18.")4, the Governor-General visited London to opii the Exhibition. Arches were erected at the railroad on llichinond St., one at the corner of Kichmond and Dundas, one at the Westurn Hotel on Richmond, and one at Robinson Hall on Uimdas — the same as on the day of the opening of the G. W. R. R. Sherilf Treadwell, of L'Original, was then President of the Provincial Association. His predecessors back to 1846, when the first Provincial Exhibition was established, being : — Wm. Matthie, of Brockville ; T. C.IStreet, Niagan Falls ; J. B. ]\Iarks, Kingston ; John Wettenhall, Nelson ; Sheriit Ruttan, Cobourg ; Adam Ferguson, Waterdown ; E. W. Thompson, of Toronto, 1846-7. The amount of prizes and the number of entries at the various Provincial Exhibitions since the first inception in 1846 to 1854 are as follows : — 1,63"' 3,0(:i 2.8'2') Toronto, 1846 «1,600 00 1,150 Niagara, 18.50 $.-),000 00 Hamilton, 1847 3,000 00 1,600 Brockville, 18.11 5,000 00 Cobourg, 1848 3,100 00 1,500 Toronto, 1852 6,000 00 Kingston, 18U) 5,100 00 1,429 Hamilton, 1853 6,400 00 London, 1854 $7,200 00 2,933 On that day in 1854, about 30,000 persons were present. In February, 1859, the Legislature was asked to grant authority to the city to erect exhibition buildings. Later the question was car- ried forward energetically with a view of securing the Provincial h« COUNTY OK MinHLESKX, L'Oli of 1S60. Ill October, 185!», a proposition was made to tlin Council to sell t(i the rity twenty-six acres of Crown laiicls for £3,000. The (ieli'i'fttcs t(i Kiiifjston iind other ])lace8 in the matter of obtaining votes |i)i kviiii! the lair at London were: — Col. Askin, J. K. Brown, V. G. 'Sovm T!il. liiickley, M. Keefer, Messrs. Saml. King, Black, llisdale, MeCiiIIouu'h, and ^loderwcll. These with the ilelegates from Ciiatbam were paid i#-"T exi)enses. In Si']iteiiiber, 1860, the sum of .^750 was appropriated for the rL'Lviitioii of (me of the Queen's sons. On Oct. '.» a great free fair was lalil at lAtiidou. Tlie agreement between the Coqwration antl the lidiiid of Agriculture of Upper Canada as to exhibition grounds was inadL' Sfjit. 28, ]8()1. The Corporation agreed in consideration of .s4 00(i to grant to the Board of Agriculture certain rights in that part ol thi' e.Nhibition grounds which lies east of Wellington street and iiiiith of Great Market street, and in the buildings then erected thereon. Tlie Provincial Exhibition, Crystal Palace, of London, in the vicinity of the old barracks, may be said to have been completeil in ISGl, in time for the show of that year. The direct cost was S'J.OOO, wiiilc alioiit §6,000 were expended on additional buildings after plans 1)V W. lioiiin.son, then City Engineer. The locjility of the exhibitions, amount of iiiize money and number of entries since the last exhibi- tion of London, are given as follows : — Cnlrourf:, 18,^". S 9,000 00 3,077 Toronto, 1S58 $10,700 00 5,572 Kingston, isr)« 9,000 00 3,791 Kingston, 1859 10,800 00 4,830 llraiitloril. 1857 10,000 00 4,337 Hamilton, 1860. . 15.015 50 7,532 London, 1861 .$12,031 00 6,242 In 18C5, a third Provincial Exhibition was held here. The gi'ow- ing impulai'ity of the city in 18(15 may be learned from the following table, showing the cities where exhibitions were held, amount of prize munev and number of entries : — Toronto, 1862 $12,036 50 6,319 Kiiiif.ston, 1863 11,866 00 4,756 Hamilton, 1864... $12,559 ."iO 6,392 London, 1865 13,454 00 7,221 In January, 1860, the Council applied to the authorities of London city for ilocunients to secure the right of the County and of the Eiist Middlesex Agricultural Society to the joint use of the ground, known as tiie "Exhibition Ground," north of the barracks, in accordance with the old agreement, when the Council and Society granted a large .. K. F. Matthews wrot(i the ode of wdiioine, mid at least half the j)eo])le joined in the welcome. The occasion wa.s the openiuf,' of the exhibition. The amount of yirizes oll'ored was gSU.iiiin and the number of entries 7,t)88. For comi)arison the following table of prize money and entries is given ; — Toronto, 1866 812,710 00 6,279 Kingston, 1867 12,731 00 4,815 Hamilton, 1868 Sl:i.:iOl fiO 6,ii* London, 186!) M.OOO 00 7,fiv< The latter-day exhibits of the Provincial Society are referred to in the followiuf; table, the figures denoting prize money and ninnberof entries respectively : — Toronto, 1870 $16,000 00 6,897 Kingston, 1871 15,000 00 6,682 Hamilton, 1872 15,000 00 7,714 London, 1873 15,000 00 8,920 Toronto, 1874 17,000 00 8,662 Ottawa, 187') $18,000 Oi :3'' Hamilton, 1876 18,237 CO 10,011 Hamilton, 1880, $16,994 ; 11,252. London, 1877 I(i,;i20 00 Toronto, 1«78 17.947 00 Ottawa. 1879 14,957 50 10, ii^ ll.'ili In 1877, L. E. Shipley, of Greystead, was president, and in 188ii .1, B. Aylesworth, of Newbury. Western Fair AsHocuitiou. — In 1367 the idea of a Western Fair originated in the minds of .Fames Johnson (Sunnyside), George G, Magee, Richard Tooley, M. P. P., James Cousins, Henry Ander.soii, ai W^estminster, the Late Wm. McBride and John Campbell. At a joint meeting of the City Horticultural Society and the East Middlese.x Agri- cultural Society, held on March 21, 1868, it was resolved that the two Associations should unite for Fair purposes, and Messrs. J. M. Cousins, Wm. McBride, John Campbell, J. Wheaton, Henry Anderson and I Pincombe were appointed a committee to carry the project into eliect The first meeting of the new joint board was held on the 22nd of April following, when the committee above-mentioned submitted a report containing a basis of amalgamation, which was accepted. Thus the Society was formed, the following Directors being appointed ;- James Johnson, President Horticultural Society , Geo. G. Magee, President of the Agricultural Association ; Wm. McBride, J. Wheaton, John Pincombe, Alex. Kerr, Henry Anderson, J. B. Lane, Thomas Friendship, Alex. Mackenzie, George Jarvis, James Anderson, Cha?. Tuckey, W. S. Smith, Robt. Robson, R. Tooley (now M. P. P.), A. COUNTY OF MIDULKHEX. 205 MiicArtliiir, J. M Conaiiia, John Stewart, .Fohn CarnplKiU, J. Diimiid, .l,,liii Kllintt, T. Uoutlodoe, John Moon, W. It. Viiiiny and Mayor Arkill. 'I'lu! first was liiild on SeptenilMir 2'Jth and 3()th, 18()8, in the (lid iliiil slii'd. Over two thousand dollars was f,nven in prizes. It is n,iw iiiii' III' till' in.'ititutions of the Western Peninsula, and has long since jiassetl the Trovincial in the estimation of the j)ublic. In 1870 u wrv snc(H's.sfiil Kair was held, and in October, 1872, the third meotinf; wiLs (i})i'n('ii by Governor Duil'erin and his wife. On June 12, 1874, a joint resolution of the London City Com- mittee and tlio Committee of the (Jounoil provided that should the cnunty iiiid the Af,'ricultural Society of ICast Middlesex relinquish their rii^lit.s to the Fair Grounds, the Exhibition Committee of the City ('(luncirwduld nicounuend the purchase of not less than thirty acres, tci k' fiiiprovud of by the county and the Agricultural Society, and on wjiirli would be built suital)le houses, the purchased ])rioe of grounds and jfwt iif Iniildings not to exceed the sum to be reiilized from the sale (if .sixioen acres of the old grounds, between Wellington and Waterloo street.^, the same rights to be given the county and Agricultural Society in the new grounds and buildings as they held (1874) in the present >;voun(ls, but the carrying out of this pro])osition was deferred. In KS8 1 no less than $-0,944 were expended on grounds and buildings, under the direction of Thomas H. Tracy. The year 188(1, when oidy S8,000 was offered, was the year when the We.stern Fair nearly collapsed. The sale of a portion of the old oiounds and other causes had Iwought matters to such a pass that it became necessary to make strenuous eilbrts to save the Fair from going under. In this emergency the London Board of Trade Ciinie to the rescue and saved the Exhibition. Among those who assisted to put tlie Western on its new basis were A. W. Vorte, J. W. Little, T. Htrtert Marsh, A. M. Smart, W. J. Eeid, W. Y. Brunton, W. M. Gartsliore, W. R. Hobbs, Colonel U. Lewis, Msiyor Cowan, J. D. Sharraan, and these gentlemen were heartily supported by the county meniters, among whom were Colonel F. B. Leys, Geo. Douglass, Allan liojjue, 1). Mackenzie, ex-M. P. P., R. Whetter, A. J. B. Macdonald and R. Dreaney. A new plan of organization, originated by W. Y. Brunton, was adopted, whereby all agricultural societies or other associations for the liiuduction or manufacture of useful articles, or for the protection and aid of those engaged in such manufactures or production, were given representation. Each association nominated one or two members of tlie Western Fair Association, according to its size, and these delegates, meeting aimually, elected the Western Fair Board. The City Council, liiiwever, reserved the right of appointing five members with its Mayor, and the East Middlesex Agricultural Society were also given control of six directors' berths. That left twelve to be filled by the association to make up the total number of twenty-four. In 1887 the old Fair Grounds on Richmond street were surveyed for 206 HISTORY OK THE building lots, and the Queen's Vaxk, in No. 5 Ward triinafeired to the city for exhibition purposes. In September of that year tiie buildinc^ were conijileted, at a cost of $(iO,000. The gi-eat fair ojiened Septtnibet 20, that year. The officers for 1888 compri,sed the followiiifr gentle. men : — A. \V. Porte, president ; Geo. Douglass, first vice-i)iesi(leiit; tl. W. Little, second vice-]>resident ; Donald Mackenzie, treasurer; ^lessrs. Magee, Greenlees & Thomas, solicitors ; George McBrooni, Secretary ; Jose])h Hook, superintendent of grounds; Geo. F. Jewell. F. C. A., and .1. S. Dewar, iiuditors. The board of diiectors cum jirised ; — A. VV. Porte, Geo. Douglass, F. P. Leys, T. Herbert Mar>li A. M Smart, Allan Bogue, W. J. Keid, W. H. VVintiett, Thos. Connor Frank Shore, Geo. Taylor, W. Y. Brunton, J. W. Little, D. Mackenzi,., W. M. Gartsliure, W. 11. Hobbs, 11. Lewis, Itichard Whetter, Janie; Cowan, John Callaid, A. J. B. Macdonald, llichard Venning, Henrv Dreaney and J. 1). Sharman. The new grounds are very attractive. The soil being sandy ani the sinface undulating, the grounds are not afi'ected even by a lieaw lain. The buildings are all new, light and commodious, and luiiii after the most modern style of architectural beauty. The olticers of the exhibition are painstaking and courteous, and are succeeding admirably in the important and arduous task of making the Western Fair a permanent and usefid institution to the diversified interesboi Western Ontario, and second, of course, only to the great Industrial at Toronto. Much of this success is attributable to the energy and skill of the secretary, George McBroom, who is aided by an al:)ie and com- petent directoi'ate. The great fair of 1887 was opened September 20th. The e.xliibi- tion of 1888 was opened September 21st by the Minister of Agricul- ture, John Carling. A comjjarative summary of the chief entries tlii- year and last will prove interesting : — 1887. 1888. Horses .") t7 448 Sheep 31}) 358 Poultry .124 G14 Horticultral 1,318 2,122 luiUaii Kxliibits t)81 Jjadies' Work 571 553 There w^as an increase of 1,421 entries over 1887, a fact ovt: which the dii'ectors had reason to rejoice. At the same time in son); of the departments there was a falling off in the muuber of es- hibits, but this was mainly in the minor departments. The entries ■: honey fell olV from seventy-nine in 1887 to twenty-four in l^^^S iMigines and machines fell olf from twenty-two to eighteen ; stovr from thirt)-three t(j fifteen, and cai'riages from fifty-one to forty-livi In the fine art department the difference was more striking, the eutrir this year being only 227 against 347 in 1887. The Presidents of the Western Fair Association from 1868 to IS"' areas follows: — 18(i8, James Johnson; 1870, James Johnson; ISm 1887. Cattle 285 PiRS 132 Agricultural Proihictti ... 308 Agricultural Imiilenieuts. li)S Fine Arts 347 liichai •lolin 1 A. Mi .lohii 18eS7-f A( (i{ jiarli Till 1844. James presitlei of Cana Tlie London •m i»( l',)8 « Icuta. ks7, 11 fi'ct ovt: [lie time in s«- 1 imnil)er of «• Tlu! entries"; j,y.four in l^^*^ leii^hteen ; 5t")f^ lone to fortv-li^i' liking, the eiilnf' Ini 1868 to 185 iJohnson; ISi' Ilichani Tooley ; 1S72, Wm. Saunders ; 1874, James Johnson ; 1875, .lolin H. (iritmhs; 187(1, A. S. Emery ; 1878, Joseph Johnson ; 187H, A. .McCorniick; 18S0, Geo. Doui^las; 1882, John Pluminer ; 1880, .lohii Kennedy; 1884, E. 11. Kobinson; 1886, Jiichard Whetter; 18!:*7-S, Ciijit. A. W. I'ortc. A descnption of the <,Tounds and buildings is given in the sketches of parks in the history of London. The Ontario Entomological Society met at London in October, 1844. E. I). Heed, of London, was re-elected .secretary and treasurer ; James Fletcher, of Ottawa, being vice-president, and W. Saunders, jiresideiit. A medal wa.s awarded this society for the best exhibition of Canadian fish at the Fisheries Exhibition, England. The Horticidtural and Mechanical Association of the Town of London was organized August 21, isr)2, with JMarcus Holmes, presi- dent ; Cxcorge W. Harper and John Waidess, vice-presidents ; John lliown, treasurer ; John C. Meredith, secretary ; James Daniell, L. LawnisDii, Wm. Rowland, A. Lowrie, Wm. lloss, Elijah Leonard and Jo.sejih Anderson, managers. On September 27, 1855, the Horticul- tniid Society held an exhibition at the City Hall. This Society gave ;<2,500 in jirizes in 1SG8; 80,000 in 1870; .%,000 in 1871, and SiUMHIO in 1872. The entries increased from 2,037 in 1868 to 7,08'.i in 1872. The Grange. — On June 2, 1881, the sixth anniversary of the Patrons of Husbandry was celebrated at Port Stanley. Fanners' Inxtitutc. — A ])reliminary meeting for the formation of a Farmers' Institute for the liiding of East Middlesex was held in January, 188(i. li. Whetter, of Westminster, was appointed chair- man, and T. Baty, secretary. The election of oflicers resulted as follows: — President, F. Baty, Westminster; vice-president, Ca])tain Thomas Eobson, Jlderton; secretary, W. L. Brown, London West; treasurer, li. Whetter, Westminster. Broad of Directors — London- Charles Trebilcock, Grove ; 1{. \\'. Jackson, Ilderton Westminster — F. Elliot, Wilton Grove ; Jame.- Ballantine, Lambeth. Nissouri — .loseidi Wheaton, Thorndalc ; E. A. Brown, Cherry Grove. Dorchester —11. Venning, Itichard Tooley, Mos.sley. ir. 0. S. li. A. — The Western Ontario Stock Breeders' Association iiiav he said to have had its origin in the London meeting of Jan. 21, 18rf8, when M(;ssrs. Farnham, Hobbs, EoUson and P»eli, of London Township; Kobinson, McCartney, John Stoneman and W. Taylor, of London ; T(K)le, Gorwell, J(jhn Geary, F. Shore, E. Gibson, T. Doug- lass, i;. Whettev, J«din Coughlin, Ecjeve of We.stminster, Ed. Charlton, A. Kainsaiid 1! Craig, were apiminted a committee on organization. F. if' (j. P. S. — -The Fish and Game Protective Society was organ- ized in 187"). Among the leading members in 1882, when the sciventh annual meeting was held, were D. Niveii, ]iresident; D. Skirviiig, secretary; W. C. L. Gill, E. Wallace, S Turner, John Courins, E. G. Mercer, (i. Kelly, F. T. Trebilcock, C. A. Stone, Iu.spector P. McCaini. 14 208 HISTOliY OF THE The officers elected that year were: — President, W. C. L. (lill ; first vice-president, Dr. Woodruff; second vice-i)resideiit, Peter McC'aiin: secretary, I). Skirviiig; executive committee, John Puddicomhe, (". A. Stoue, Ur. Niven, W. Strong, T. H. Sniiilhnan, It. Wallace, G. Kellty, r. T. Trebilcock, John Cousins ; fitiance committee, John Puddiconibe, C. A. Stone and F. T. Ti'ebilcock. Populutwn. — In 1H17 the population of the old London District was 8,D07. The ])opulatiou of Middlesex in 1S24 was 8,061—4,30(3 males and 3,755 females ; in 1825 the number was 8,752; in 1826, 9,362; in 1827, 9,837; in 1828. 10,260; in 1829, 11,103; in 1830, 11,882. The po])ulation of Aldborough iu 1830 was 6US ; of Bayliaiii, 1,458; of Ulenheim, 545; of Blandibrd, ; of liurford, S^O; ol Camden, Dawn and Zone, in Kent County, 424 ; of Caitidoc, .■!09 ; nf Charlotteville, 1,214; of Chathiim and Harwich, in Kent, 550; of Col- che.ster, in E,ssex, 686 ; of Delaware, 7."> ; Dereham, 193; Dorchester, 90 ; Dunwich, 537 ; Ekfrid, 1 15 ; Gosfield, 462 ; Howard, in Kent, 616 ; Houghton and Middleton, in Norfolk, 307 ; Lobo, 344; LoiuIdd, 2,40.'!; Maidstone and l!oclie.«ter, in Es.sex, 273; Maiden, 1,087: Malahide, 1,465; jMersea, in Essex, 288; Moore, in Lambton, ; Mo.sa, 276 ; Nissouri, 452 ; Norwich, 1,264 ; Oakland, 383 ; Oxfid, 206; Oxford West, 783 ; i:iist, 369 ; North, ; llaleigh, Kent, o:';); Komney and Tilbury, 371 ; Sarnia, ; Sandwich, 2,201 ; Soiulira, Bothwell, ; Southwold, 1,601; Townsend, Norfolk, 1,420; Wal- singhr.ru, 424 ; AVestminster, 1,025 ; Windham, 644; Woodhou.se, 987 ; Yarmouth, 1,545 ; Zorra, 886. The total pojndation of London District in 1830 was 22,803, and, of the Western, 8,711. The population nf Middlesex in 1831 was 14,073 ; in 1832, 15,293; in 1833, 17,819; in 1834, 19,697; in 1835,21,291, in 1836,23,790; in 1837, 24,628, and in 1838, 24,064 London District in 1838 comprised the townships of East and West Oxford, Burford, Hleidieim, Oakland. Nissouri, Blandford, Norwich, Dereham, Zorra, Yarmouth, Southwold, Bayham, Malaliide, Mosa, Dun- wich, Westminster, Adelaide, Caradoc, Ekfrid, Delaware, London ami village, Aldborough, N. and S. Dorchester, Lobo. Hullett, Tucker- smith, McGillivray, McKillop, Ellice, Dowiiie, Williams. Stanley, X. and S. Easthope, Biddulph, Goderich and Colbortie. In this largt- District were 714,601 acres uncultivated, 142.375 acres cultivated; 157 one-story square-timber houses, 7 additional houses with fire-j)lace.s: 6 two-story square-timber houses, 1,493 frame one-story hou.ses, 16''' additional with fire-places; 280 two-story frame hou.ses, 178 additic ' with fire-places ; 10 brick or stone one-story, 7 additional with fire- places; 4 brick or stone two-story houses, 2 with fire-places; 41 grist mills with one run of stones. 17 with more than one run ; 105 saw mills; 10 store-hou.ses ; 80 merchants' shops; 20 stud horses for hire; 6,923 horses three years and over; 6,()59 oxen four years and over; j 13,066 milch cows ; 7,416 horned cattle from two to four years ; 2 gigs, 3 phaitons, and 36 pleasure wagons, — toUil valuation, £513,337 ; total I tax collected, £3,243. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 209 :;. L. (liU; first i'ctev McCaiin; ddicoin^H". V. A. ilace, G. Kell«y. ,hn PmWicoml)i-, London District as 8,061—4,306 S752; in ^'^'^^' ,1,\03; in mu. 6US ; of Baybain, linvford, ^50; ol Cai-adoc, :''09 ; ni vent, 550 ; of Cul- 1*.)3 ; Dovcli«stev, Howard, in Kent, obo, 3'14-, Loudm,, ; Maiden, 1,0^. ■ II Lambton, • land, 383 ; Oxfcai laleigb, Kent, ^vi.V. ch 2,201 ; SomWa. Jfolk, 1.420; Wal- L- Woodliouse.y^^; ,'of London District The ijopulation d in 1833, 17,819;"; ulH37,24,02S,atvl ,s of East and NVert Uandfovd, NDVWicb, :alahide,Mosa,Uun- flaware, London a« L. Hullctt, 'lucki;^- \'illiams, Stanley, > hvne. In tbis toge Icres cultivated; lO' es witb five-vlaces: ne-storybo»'^';^^^ 'ouses, 178 addrttonal ^additional ^^^ ' fire-places; 4lgnst one run ; lOo s^*' ■ stud horses for bite, four years arrd over , tofour years -^^^ pion, £;j1.^,'1-J' ' The pojnilation of the county in 1815!) was 2ti,025; in 1840, 26,4^- "f whom IB.SOf) were males and 12,<')77 females; in 1841, 27,0:'>.'i; in 1842 the ]topa]ation ox' Loi)don Di.sti'ict was :!(),J7i) ; in 1S48, 41,".IS(;, and of London Town, 4,()68. Tlie population of Middlesex in 18r)l-2 was 32,8()2, and of London, Tlic ciMisns of 18(il s]i()\v< a total ])o])u]ation of 48,736 for the county, made up of 25,374 niales and 23,362 females, of whom 1,767 males anil 1,181 females were not members of resident families. There were 884 males and 815 females horn in 1 8(1(1, of whom 34 males and 311 females died that year. The ])opulation by towuships, taiven fioiu the censns returns, shows a total po])ulatioii for the comity ofCO.oll, while the totpA above shows only 48,73(i, as follows: — . HOUHCX Township. Males./ Females. Families. Urlrk. Stone. Frame. Lo«. Total. .Welaiile l,31.'i 1,196 241 2;i — 96 30a 422 Tarailoc •2,3r,0 2,072 .-)64 l.l 1 203 349 .IfiS Delaware 1,':30 l,0't4 386 1.'. ti 126 230 377 liouhestcr North... ^.O.IS 1,960 611 23 1 283 309 616 Kkfriil •1,334 1,240 407 12 — 114 .100 426 Ubo 1,8.54 1,702 41.'-. 60 .'i 170 33.5 .570 London 5,002 4,66.' 1,389 1.51 24 609 794 1,.578 Metcalfe 936 810 306 17 — 46 208 271 Slosa 1,603 1,431) 410 2.5 — 1.5.5 211 391 Xissoiiri 1,606 1,.541 497 14 9 .57 416 496 Stratbroy Village. . . 397 3.54 110 16 — 63 18 117 Williams Kast 1,260 1,21.5 379 32 — 4.5 299 376 Williams West 1,197 1,042 342 — 14 43 30S 365 Westminster 3,2.52 3,033 1.074 168 14 '.38 274 994 London City 5,738 .5,817 2,005 695 9 1,386 — 2,090 At this time there were in the county four Protestant Episcopal fluirch buildings, one Catholic, two Church of Scotland, four Free I'liurch of Scotland, six United I'resbyterians, twelve Wesleyan Methodists, four Ejiiscopal Methodists, two of Methodist denomina- tion.s, and five Baptists. In London there were nine church buildings. The fiv.st census of Middlesex, taken since the British North- .\merica Act came in operation, was that of 1870-1. From this I jreat .statistical record the following summary is made. The 7th, 8th, h'thaml 10th census districts, their area in acres, occupied houses and I f«pulation, are given as follows : — Township. Area. Houses. Males. Females. Mosa 49,729 559 1,622 1,532 h'lrdiiville Village 452 99 280 253 jEkfrid.. 54,271 504 1.704 1,489 iMttralfe 36,720 438 1,293 1,150 |Ch»Joc 77,905 912 2,593 2,472 IStralhroy Village 2,400 .558 1,675 1,557 '" ire 28,1.50 449 1,294 1,229 iWelaide 44,060 536 1,541 1,368 IWiiams \V 36,876 604 1,761 1,660 riUiams E 40,154 548 1,4.52 1,401 'A 49,752 «12 1,726 1,748 McGillivray 64,016 796 2,429 2,229 •J 10 HISTORY OF TIIK Towuslilp. Area. Houses. Males Kemalcj mailulph 40,740 705 2,166 -'Mi Westminster 64,260 1,173 3,250 3,130 Dorchester 39,780 722 2,155 \,W> London 105,160 1,960 5,630 ;,,m Nissouri W 49,500 626 1,853 1,708 Lon.loiiCity 1,907 2,804 7,934 7,892 Population. — Tlie pojnilatioii by race in IK80-1, in the Townshipj of Westniinstev. Dorchester, Londctn, London East (village), I'etersvillt (village), and Is issoiui West, was as follows :— Africans, 808 ; Dutcli, 375; English, 83,288; French, 887; Germans, 8,823; Italians, 3,' Poles, 3; Scandinavians, 47; Irish, 9,239 : Scotch, o,688 ; Swiss, M.i, Welsh, 289 ; various, 80 ; not given, 538. In tlie Townships of .Mosa, Ekfrid, ^Metcalfe, Caradoc, Delaware, iiiii] the villages of Wardsville, Strathroy, Newbury, and Glencoe, there were: Africans, 74; Dutch, 276; English, 6,870 ; French, 204; Germans, 89ii: Indians, 8,429 ; Scandinavians, 89; Scotch, 5,567; Irish, 5,28:!; I'ofe, 4; Swiss, 9; Welsh, 104; various, 2; not given, 759. In the Townships of Adelaide, Williams West, Williams Eh McGillivray, Lobo, Biddulph, and the villages of Ailsa Craig, Liictn, and I'arkhill, there were in 1880-1: Africans, 47 ; Dutch, IW: English, 5,965; Irish; 7,170; Scotch, 6,736; French, 48; Uermanj, 771; Italians, 4 ; Swiss, 11; Welsh, 25S; and others, 35. The population of London City, by nativity, in 1880-1, show;: Africans, 261; Dutch, 33; English, 8,617; Irish, 6,062; Scotcli. 0,543; Welsh, 151 ; Germans, 4U6; French, 223; Indians, 4; Italian- 30; Jews, 6; Poles, 31; Scandinavians, 34; Swiss, 3; Si)aniai'ils,^: and 304 of other countries or unknown. Of the first census district, No. 167, the total ])o])uhitioii «.!• 30,600; of the second. No. 168, 21,496; of the third. No. Ki? I 21,239 ; and the fourth, No. 170, London City, 19,74ti,— the totaloil 1880-1 being 93,081. The following is the pojiulation and number of houses of LoiiAiil by Wards in 1880-1*:— Total ;''op. Males. Houses. Total Pop. Males. Hon'" Wardl 2,126 1,084 428 Ward 5 4,499 2,214 Hi: " 2 2,862 1,355 545 '• 6 3,560 1,702 4iH" and appear to have more than made up for the k)sses in the towiisbj and country towns, the total population being now estimated at 'IV"! ♦The apparent discrepancy hero and above In the total population of London, I*'*'* sioued by Including in one return turritorv not Included In the other. / exjjei , ^i-A ''"'wurces \ 'I'llowiiii, stati "alaiicc fj County Hi ^""•resiclJ fiebeuturc] Iiitere.st COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 211 as (56 ;50 .55 530 853 934 Veraalrt ■i.i.'-K 3,130 5,360 1,70S 7,« lyiMrirf and County Expenditure. — The first regular account of (XiHMKlitures was presented July 17, 1818, as follows: — y intheToNvnsbj)^ v'iUage), Velev^^* :icaus, 808 ; \^ ,^.23-, Italians, o ,'5,688-, Swiss, Sn vadocDelawavc^U'^ (ilencoe,tllevc^«re. .)04; Germans, sy| '.;iris\i,5,28:'.-,Vofe ^Velt, Wmiaius ^'^'1; U, 47-, l)^itdi,m fUcb, 48;^«m^^' iksh, 6.062; Sf' s;-iss, 3 ; tivamari'.' , total poivulauou - ^' l9,746,-U>o total . [v „f houses of W b last oigl>t «» H Vc losses m tit w I luoNvestimate^;;t.M^I (;. C. Salmon 13 Mahliin liurwell -1 ,lolin Bostwick T) Caleb Wood 4 Mahlon Biirwell, ain't of order. . 77 The Shcrilf 4 The Sheriff 50 .loseiih Walker 2 .lac'oli lirauniwoit 1 Reuben Green (York). 7 Total X. 8. d. £ s. d. .I 4 James Brown 16 2 John Anderson 116 4 Abner Owen 2 17 6 16 F. Beaupre . 'i The Sheriff 7') 3 f> ir. Clerk of the Peace 70 10 6 6 6 Geo. Collman 2 9 8 Mrs Ann Bostwick ^ Moses Secord fi 12 8 10 6 £331 4 11 Fioiu the Auditor's statement of August 12, 1820, it appears that the District Treasurer advanced £442 2s. Od. toward building the court- house and jail, and £62 I'M. (Id toward the general account. These sums were ordered to be paid, and the collector ui'ged to bring in moneys in tlioir hands or to be collected. The act to consolidate the debt of Middlesex, a.s.sented to April 2;!, 1S60, shows that at the time outstanding debentures amounted to 8879,114, and authorized the t.'ounty Council to borrow that amount. Debentures. — The debentures issued from 1844 to IHlio are noted as follows : — A' s. !S44 3,383 15 18.10 l?,iO. lS.-il l,,''iOO !t!)0 2,500 2."),0()0 3,000 £ s. d. due in 1845 1853 15.325 due in 18i>3 '■ 1851 1853 1,500 " 1854 ' 1S51 1854 61, ,583 6 8 by-law 36 •• 1S73 1854* 3,355 due in 1863 — 1855 25,000 " When the late treasurer, Adam MuiTay, took possession of the 'itlice in October, 18;"i7, the total debenture debt was £23:),o48 Us. 8d. ,«,-,;i+ ^13,602 00 \aK 20,000 00 l«t)0 25,000 00 1861 S12,000 00 1860 76,000 00 The expenditures of the county in 188.") amounted to S13'.l,l(i0.92 ; I in 1886, 812'.i,124,0(l, and in 1887, 814'.),6l.-) 4."). To place on record P the sources of income and the several calls upon such income, the llowing statement for 1887 is given : — HECEII'TS. Balance from last audit $ 2,610 03 County Hates 77,124 15 Son-resiilcnt Land Tax 3,974 90 Debentures 20, 000 00 I'remium on Debentures 1,000 00 Interest 853 14 ' In conneotiou with payment of part of these debentures, a sum of A'i.-'jOO was crrdltert jtrroneously as paid. * To procure seed for supplying to farmers, owInK to failure of crops. JForbrldBebulldlDK. 212 HI8T0KY OF THE RECEII'T.S— ((;<)NTINUKI)). County Grants to Public Schools 6,2'll 00 Legislative Grants to Public Schools 6,731 00 Surplus Fees from Registry Oflicos .... 1,000 89 Auctioneer's and Peddler Licenses, ... 566 00 Interest on Hospital Trust Fund 454 47 House of Refuge and Industrial Farm 1,367 79 City of London re Debt on London East 1, 170 00 Treasurer County of Oxford 38 35 Redenipti'>n Money 21 16 jMiscellaneous Items 96 90 Hills Payable 4,000 00 Administration of Ju.stice from City of Loudon 6,474 52 Oovernment 6,148 07 Division Court .lurors' Payment Fund 114 86 Sessions, County and Assize Courts Payment Fund 193 !iO Finos from Magistrates 209 50 Costs from Police .Magistrates and Justice.s of the Peace 151 10 Fines from Police Magistrates re Scott Act 10,094 12 DI.SIIUU.SEMENr.S. Road.s and Bridges ... 821,654 11 Salaries and Municipal Government Expense 5,750 90 Percentage to Sub Treasurers 161 96 School Inspectors' Salaries l.OOS 75 Legislative Grants to Public Schools 6,7;!! 00 Municipal Grants to Schools 7,950 68 Educational and Incidental E.xpenses 1,423 03 Printing and Advertising 448 03 Registry Ollices 211 50 Grants to Insane and Destitute 1,010 00 Wild Land Ta.\ and Redemption Money 3,790 17 House of Refnge and Industrial Farm 6, D.^n 08 Debentures Redeemed 20,000 00 Coupons Redeemed 29,360 00 Court Hou.se and Jail Expense Account and Repairs 4,308 86 Jail Ollicial.',' Salaries 3,730 45 Constables 2,609 0!) Crown Witnesses and and Jury Services 1,918 75 Division Courts Jury Fund 124 00 Coroner's Orders 209 40 Administratiou of Justice General 6,436 20 Jurors' Payment Fund 3,373 30 Bills Payable 10,000 00 Paid to order of License Commissioner re Scott Act 5,250 00 Salary of Police Magistrate . 450 00 Hospital Expense 2,326 80 Interest 55 51 Miscellaueous Items 2,457 58 Agricultural and Other Statistics. — The number of iicres cleared in 18H7 wiXR 514,563; of woodland, 229,355, and of swainj), marsh or waste land, 13,03'.). Of the total occupied area (757,557 acres) there were '.•,302 belonging to non-residents, and 748,255 to resident owners. In 1887 there were 165,443 acres of cleared lands devoted to pastur- age, the number of acres in e\'ery thousand acres cleared being 321.5. The county held third place in Ontario in the average per thousand iicres cloai'ed, and first place when the large area is considered. The orchards and gardens of Middlesex in 1883 claimed an area of 9,309 acres. COUNTY OK MIDDI.KSKX. 213 CHAPTER XIII. LONDON CITY. Of tlie "a Vl^l;;t awsis tm ^^^""^ «" *h« ^rk« settlements of a cc. tu y a<^^n ihe vl P '^ \'^°'%' '° ^^' ^^^^^n Indian remains near ifikftW bn\ji ^'^"'"^""^^ The discovery of evidences of Indian occudS is one of the few light. During the liS of tTe ™^ T'^"? n""'"' ^''-^"^ ^^""8^1 to Lis staff and Chief Imllf c^ZTi """^"i- ^T'"'''' «"n«oe with site for the capital of Ze, Camda whU ^'1 ■?^^''' ^'^ ^° ''^''' ^ "ot be exposed to AnEan "itlltr n > ^^f ««»J«nient, would (General, favored Kina" o buJw ". i^°''^^<^''^ter theii- Governor- that his imaginary citV ZVrW « Z r? '^''^ ""^T/'^^ impression And here the An?;iiciHn.^Gofenfn,^J 'T?'*' '"""'^ ^« the capital, ment, February ]? 179^ thn, l^^^'T'' ^^.^ ^^""^ ''^^ «f Govern- ing to the ForL March -^ do hlvi? '"'^1'^ *" ^^'^''''^' b"t return- In 1796 he was tmS.;d to /iLwTT'r '" ^^?^ '"« ^'^^ here, left to ur^fHci^d un^^d^i ^^,t t^^.^^^"^ ^'^^ ^^^ -e visit onlKSLtti;;.':^";;/^^;: ^-\- .P^M bemg the second lowing entry occurs --"ektrC^ '''^ "^ L-^ndon, the fol- island. The rar.idity of the cur p../ ' """ ^"^ ^""^ "^ ^ ^o^'. ^at channel throuc^h he mai L<1 7k ' '"• '"'"^^ '^' ^"^ ^""^^ formed a island. We ^^'lI;ed ove i 1 1."^ ' I'^'""'"'''^^' ^"^ f^""^^ this the forks of the r iv . S.e Got"ZM^:;i'f /' ^'^ '^''''''''y ^^^'^hed und its environs, and we Lvfo^ sto.r 1 ^o examine this situation to be a situation emh,eirtlycdcZt,.ft^i ^"^'? ^ '^'■^>'- ^e judged it Among many other esSiaf '^^^^^^^ of all Canada. Command of territorv intern..] X\. , allowing advantages :— water con.municalirurrd dot '1h^^'™^ '''''''"''' '^^"^^^ '' for boats to near its souL and fn 1, 1 r?'"^'', '"P^^'°' navigation ian settlement; to hTShwdIn T^' ^"'""^'^^^^ *" ^he Morav- Huron ; to the soutW bv f n^ vi ''"'^ ^'"''''^^'" ^"^'"g into Lake the Kiver St. Law ence • tho S^ "^' ^•^'''', "^^o Lake Ontario and capable of being. ersiirclea.ed..?L'"'\°-''^ ^'^'■"'"' ^'^^ the land a pinery upon a^^LTt htl^ ll^^n'^' ^^^ ^ «tate of agi.iculture ; calculated for the ereition of publibuidi^^l °," *''^^ '^^'^ht, well to any part of Canada " i>"ildn.gs ; and a climate not inferior early settlement andSll otZio^ f^'^^^ connections^vith the stream bus undergone some ve 7S l.n" '"""''■^- • ^'''"^ ^he scarcely adn,its of doubt- for in a'! ?^f T^' *^^^" ''"^^ 1^9^- , 101, in a 1 V places, the ear-marks of expau- 214 HISTORY OF TIIK sinns, now dried up, are visible, find of the numerous large creeks which swelled its waters, and made it navij^able for ei,'e which should, some day, b(! re;,'anitd as a city, altogetlier lovely and jmiuiisiiiL,', the one anioiit; a thousand to enlist active enterprise, whore virtue; would be treasiu'ed and jironioted, and labor fairly rewarded. The Heverlys established a ferry in 181.S below the Forks, or Ai)i)le<^arth's, later Nixon's Flats, and later West l^ondon The Beverlys suffered terribly from fever and ague, so that travellers had often to wait for hours until some of the family would cease shakiiiij;, to ferry them across. The ]tioneers soon jjot on the true track of this aguish tribe, and when goiui; to ( lardner's mill for grist, or to Samuel Jarvis' distillery for whiskey, they would not return until the afternocju of the following day, as they calculated by that time the chills would cease and the boatmen be ready to take the paddle. About this time the Montagues established their canoe ferry at the Townsend Landing, near the juesent Woodland Cemetery. In ISl'li Colonel M. Binwell, with Freeman Talbot and Benjamin Springt.'r, chain-bearers, surveyed the town site. Any jierson who promised to pay d''>'2 for the ])atent, and built a shanty 18x24, was entitled to a large lot, the transfer being freely made by ( 'olonel Thos. Talbot when the patent was issued. The limits of the first survey were: — Welluigton street on the east; North street, now Carling, on the north ; the lliver Thames on the south and west. The lots were numbered from Wellington street west. In June, 1827, llobert Carfrae entered the .settlement, crossing from Westminster by a bridge erected in 182G by I.ievi Merrick at the foot of York street. His memories of the village of G2 years ago point out two taverns and the court-house as the three buildings form- ing the nucleus of the village. John Yerex, a brother of Andrew, was engaged in building his hewn-log house on the north-west corner of York and Ridout streets, where the old malt house stands, and in that building was born the first native of London village, Natlmniel Yerex. In the fall of 1820 Andrew Yerex followed his brother hither. He found McGregor's log shanty tavern at the corner of King and Ridout streets,* where the McFarlane Hotel, now ke])t by Alonzo Hall, is. Abram Carroll's log house stood on the north side of Duudas, two or three lots east of Ridout, where in the fall of 1827 he iiut up a frame hou.se. Demiis O'Brien, to whom he gives the title "a Jolly, good fellow," was digging u|) stum|)S and preparing to build close to where was afterwards built the Robinson Hall. Patrick McManus — then called McMainiors, owing to the way this plebeian ])ronounced his name — and Charles Henry carried on business in a shed or small frame house erected on the lot south of the south east corner of Ridout and Dundas, opposite the present Registry Office. The court-house, a semi-frame, hewn-log house, stood nearer the corner than the present ♦Geo. J. Goodhue nmintained until his death that McGrejjor'a tavern stood on Talbot, between York and King streets ; but all the other early settlers place it uh written above. 216 lUSTOKY OF THE Iniildiiif; until 18"29, whnn it was placed on nninors and niovwl by oxen to the south-west coi'..jr of the present grounds, wluTe it stands to-day. McGregor, beinf; Jailer, was accustomed to take the well-con- ducted prisoners across tlu^ street to his tavern, and it is related by Mr. Williams, Oliver McC'lary and others, that hungry travellers often had to wait for their meals until Mcdregor's notorious guests had finished theirs. As has been said, Demiis O'lJricn was pr(!])aring to Itiiild in 1826, hut the log structure which he erected was us(!d rather as a store-house than a sture-room. This building stood on lot IS, on the south side of Dundas, almost o])])osite, but a point east of Abram Carroll's dwelling. In 1827 or 182S he took j)oss(!ssion of a vacated blacksmith's shop, placed rough boards on barrels to form a counter, unil there opened the first general store. The log house, which he had previoiisly occujned and used as a store-room, was minus chinking, and through the crevices the curious settlers would spend hours obscu-ving his stock of frying-pans, griddles, spiders, baking-kettles, tinware, and a thousand other articles which make the visitor to the country store covet the whole stock. Samuel Laughton migrated to Canada in 1827 with his wife. He received a grant of a lot on Hathurst street, near the present dejiot, on condition that he would establish a blacksmith shoj) ; moved shortly after to a farm in the township o!i a lot where John Robson settled in the fall of 1820, and twenty years later moved to Metcalfe. He ironed the first wagon ever used in London Town.ship. Selling his lot for SI 6 worth of iron he moved into the wilderness. While it cannot be stated that O'lirien moved this shop from Bathurst to Dundas street, it cannot be denied that this was the oidy building standing in 1827 which was vacated by a blacksmith. Demiis O'JJrien continued in bu.siness here until 1848-'.), when he retired. Robert Summers states that about the time Goodhue opened his store, he said to O'Brien, " You are going to set nj) a general store in oppo.sition to Goodhue." " Not at all," said 0'15rien, " I'm going to set np an imj)ositiou upon him, as he has been imposing on the ])eopIe, and I'm going to impose on him." George .1. Goodhue closed out his little store in Westminster, Concession 1 (kept in Joshua Applegarth's old log-house), two miles south of the ])resent city, in 182!t, and moved into O'Brien's settle- ment, where ho o])ened a large general store and went into fair competition with O'Brien, who, for over two years, monopolized the trade north of the river. Dennis O'lirieu, who was a peddler for some years before he estab- lished his store at London, carrying a pack throughout the district, like Patrick McManus, Charles Heiny, M. McLoughlin and other early settlers, married Jane Shotwell about 1834. She was the daughter of Abram Shotwell and Sylvia Sumner, all early settlers of Westminster. Her sister Nancy married Alvaro Ladd, while Polly married David Goff. O'Brien himself was liberal and enterprising, and sometimes merry, as related in other pages. He had built for himself the first COUNTV OF MlUliKKSKX, lil? b- ke ly of '.r. id es lavfit! lirick stori'-houst! in I-oikIoh, luid the Hlackfriars' grist mill erected, ami also 11 (listilloiy in Westminstor. In later years he told liis particular friends that this distilhuy was the cause of his ruin. He di(Hl at old Mr. Hlinn's house about the year lH6:i. Under date .Ian. 12, 184'.t, Dennis O'Hrien advertised the fact that he retired from Itusnioss, and asked that all accounts shoidd be settled uj) nt his oihce in Mr. McKittrick's. Levi Merrick built York street brid<,'e in 182(1-7. One of the workmen stole from another workman an axe one nijjht and fled ; but he WHS ]iursued, anil cau<,'ht in the jjine woods. That nif,'lit he was chainelackfriars' Ihidge for years In 18:il he married a Mi.ss Gray, who lived at St. John's. Kor twenty-five ycMirs he carried on the hotel liusiness here, and conducted freight business between London and Hamilton and Port Stanley. His hotel sto(jd where the Cronyn block is now, the lot costing him only S80, In 18o7 8 he was posite side, of the street. Twenty-one years ago the only brick buildings upon Richmond street, south of King, were the Tecumseh House on one side and Geo. Nickle's livery stable on the other. The old Music Hall, on the corner of York and Richmond streets, was frame, with a brick front. Henry Groves ("Captain Groves"), who settled in London in 18:)2, died in 1887, aged 81 years. He remembered well the primiti';,) days of the city, when he saw a bear walk along Dundas street, swim the river and enter the woods on the western bank. He also remembered the building of the log jail on the site of the present court-house, during the ])rogress of which the prisoners were chained to stumps. He fought in two skirmishes against the Patriots in 18:^7-8 ; was High Constable for manv years, and, in 18r)2, when an English family introduced the Asiatic clioiera, ho was the only man in London who could be found to take care of the stricken ])eople — Dr. Donnelly hav- ing died, and Dr. Lee being engaged in prescribing. Robert Summers, speaking of Groves' bear story, states the animal was shot in the liver at the Forks in the fall of 1840 or 1850 — Ned Harris, a son of Treas- urer Han-is, taking the carcass ashore. The l)oys captured the cubs in London South. The Inquirer, ^u Wished here in 1840, gives an account of London as it was in Decc nber of that year:—" In the enumeration of the various kinds of goods kept in a general store, is the advertisement of L. Lawrason. In the ' '.me line of business we find the rival cards of John Jennings, G. J. Go dhue, Kerr & Armstrong, Douglas & Warren, Glennon & Co., Angus & Birrell, J. H. Joyce and John Claris. C(mi- bining the business of a general gi'ocer with that of a baker, we find the name of L. Perrin, and to I'egulate the digestion of the incongruous mass of merchandise which appears to have been dealt out over the coiniter in the stores above named, ranging from cast steel axes to soft soap and Digby hen-ings, Lyman, Moore & Co.,* iind J. Salter, at their drug establishments kept every variety of medicinal preparation, which they offer to dispose to customers, ' sparing no pains,' an intima- tion which we hope they did not intend literally. A flourmg mill * Lyman came from Montreal witb his firist partner, Tim Farr. (JOUNTY OF MIDULKSKX. 221 ' near the centre of the town,' was owned by Dennis O'Brien, now the Blackfriars' Mill, built about l.SlU; .lohn Talbot and Schram & Groves carried on tht; auction and commission business of town and country ; W. Horton, H. C. It. liecher and Frederick Cleverly announces their willingness to look after all leyal matters ; Alex. Hamilton did the shaving and hair dressing ; Simeon Morrill, the tanning ; Yale & Warters and S. Condon, the tinning ; 11. Mootry and J. Wei).*, the tailoring ; S. Peters and Henry Leaning provided meat ; U. C. Lee and Win. Lee, brothers of Dr. Lee. proprietors of the Robinson Hall, and the Mansion House, Dundas street, kept sundry accom- modations ' good for man and beast.' A news-room appears to have been among the other advantages which London at that early date possessed. It was kejjt by John Norval, 'over .1. W. Garrison's store,* access to which was obtainable by ])ayment of an annual subscri]ition, and a charge of ' si.xpence york per visit to non-subscribers.' From the above array of names, trades, jn'ofessions and callings, it will bu seen that our })redecessors, if they had the wherewithal to purchase, were in no diinger of sutlering for want of either the necessaries or the luxiu'ies of life. Speaking of j)urchase, brings to our recollection an advertisement in one of the papers before us which will give an idea ot the ' currency ' (jf the day : — ''PHE SUrJSCRIBER WILL PAY 1 one dollar per bushel, in Oooih, lor G. .T. GooDiii'K." THE SUBSCRIBERS ARE NOW receiving I'ork ami Wheat in pay- ment of dulits, and in e.xchangu for guuds. good wheat. Part cash for good Pork. Smith, Matiiieson, Mooke&Co. London in the Forthr.'i. — In the foregoing pages the history of the settlement is treated up to its organization as a village. In the ex- haustive miniicipal sketcli, one would think that every name connected with the village has a place ; and now take a look' back to the days of the village and town councils — from 1840 to IS.");?. In April, 1845, one hundred and fifty buildings were destroyed by fire. The territory from Dundas almost to the river, and from Talbot to Eidout, was burned over, as related in the history of the Fire Department, except the lialkwill Hotel, which stood where the City Hotel stands. Four years later the l^lpiscopalians, Baptists and New Connexion Methodists had each a brick house of worship; the Wesleyans, Catholics, Coii- gregationalists, Free Churchmen, Secessionists, Universalists, Colored Methodists and Colored Bajjtists had each a frame chiu'ch building. At this time London had daily mail communication with all towns on the main road from Montreal to Ambers tburg, as well as to St. Thomas and Port Stanley ; thrice a week with Sarnia, and twice a week with Goderich. The journalists were Lemon & Hart, of the Tivies, 1844; George Brown, of the Western Globe, who printed the i)aper at Toronto, 1845 ; Wm. Sutherland, of the Canculidn Free Press, 1849; and John li. Lavell, of the Gospel Messenger, 1848. ^I'l'l HISTORY OK THE The physicians in London in 184!l were A. Anderson, David Far- row, Henry Going, A. IMcKenzie, Charles G. Moore, Dr. Thomas Phillips (then County Coroner), and George Southwick. They were the only physicians then in the county, but others from St. Thomas, Vienna and Port Stanley practiced here. The pioneers— Donnelly, Lee, Chisholm — were all gone, although Dr. Lee did not die until 1854, when ship cholera carried away himself, G. Routledge and others. The barristers of London and county in 1 849 were Henry Becher, P. Becher, James Daniel, Wm. Horton, E. Jones Parke, Thomas Scatclierd, J. F. Saxon, S. Shanley, IJ. M. Thompson, John Wilson and Counsellor Hughes. Mr. Thompson returned to Adelaide, where he is a leading farmer to-day. The hotels of London in 1849 were : — Hope Hotel, by Wm. Balk- ■will ; Wm. Barker's Hotel ; Kobinson Hall, by J. M. Bennett ; Ex- change Inn, by W. B. Lee; Matthew's Hotel; McDowell's Hotel; McFie's Hotel ; Eobertson's Hotel ; British Exchange, by John Smith ; ( 'aledonia, by S. Smith ; Strong's Hotel ; Pobert Summers' Hotel ; ^nd Mansion House, by Dave Thompson. The merchants, traders and manufacturers were : — Adair & Thompson Dry Goods Adams, E (irocer Anderson, M Fonndry IJeddome, F. B Fiookseller Bissoll, Wm Sasli Factory IJucklcy, R. H (irocer Carling, Wm Hrewer Cliilds, W. H Insurance Coats, J Livery Code, Thomas Building CoUoviu. Matthew Dry Goods Cox, H. &, Co Dry Goods Dal ton, Henry Tallow Chandler Darch, Robert Saddler Davis, Henry Watchmaker Dimond, John Brewer Dixon, Thomas C Hatter Eedes & Labatt Brewers Elliott, ,1 Builder Ellis, E. P Cabinetmaker Fennell, Robert Saddler Franklin, J Insurance Eraser, .lohn Bank Montreal Gibbins, Joe Saddler Gillean, J Bookseller ( Ma.ss, Wm Grocer Glen, J Tailor Gordon, Wm Dry Goods Graham, J. M Bookseller Green & Bros Builders Cunn, G. M Dry Go ds Hall, W Tailor Hamilton, James.. Bank of I'pper Canada Holmes, M Carriage Builder Hope, Birrell & Co. . .General Merchants Ilyman, E. W Tannery Jackson & Elliott Foundry Jarmain, John Tinsmith Jeanneret, R. J Watchmaker Jennings, John Livery King, W Saddler Lampkin, H Insurance Lawrason & Chisholm Merchants Lemon & Hart Times Leonard, E Founder Lowrie, A Carriagemaker McDonald, Alex Insurance Macklin, J. C General Merchant McBride, S Tinsmith McFie, Hugh Grocer McFie, Dan Dry Goods McGill, Francis Dry Goods McKittrick, P Tailor Magee, Geo. J Dry (ioods Magill, Matt Dry Goods Macintosh, J. G. & Co Dry Goods Marsh, D. Saddler Merrill, J. B Cabinetmaker Mills, Wilson. . , Commission Mousarratt, Chas Commercial Bank Mitchell, B. A Druggist Moore, Win Distiller Morrill, Simeon Tanner Mountjoy & Sons Cabinetmakers Murphy, D (irocer Murray R. S. & Co Dry Goods Newcombe, H. T Printer Paul, A (Jrocer Peters, Samuel Distiller Philliiis, John Dry (Joods Pomeroy, S. S Insurance Plummer & Racy Carriage Builders Raymond, E Hatter Raynard, John Dry Goods COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 223 lith ,ker 'ory dler Hjce nts men luler ,ker nee ant lith locer lods lods ilor oils oils odij idler ker lion ank ;gist Her uer ers icer ods ter locer Her loda ince ers tter lods Held, Robert Bookseller Riclly, W. T Livery Riduut, L Hardware Rose, Hugh Grocer Salter, John Druggist Smith, Francis Grocer Sniitli, A. S: G Grocer Siiiitli, Roger Miller Stewart Uros Tailors Street, W. AV Gore Rank Sutherland, W /Ve(> Press Talbot, John Auctioneer Till, W Cabinets Tyas & Williams Dry Goods Watson, George Builder Williams, J Druggist Wilson, Robert Grocer Winsor & Screaton Builders A hiinclic'd names of tliose who were associated with the progress of tlic villa.u'e prior to 184',l could be given here, but as such names are reserved for tlie jiages devoted to the industries of London, only those who jnight escape nf»tice are here given. Samuel Stansfield, a member of London's first Council and a resident for '.\7 years, died in May, 1882. Sergeant Wni. Dalton was born in Ireland in 1822. After the Afghan war of 18-1-2 he came to London, where his wife died in 1881, and him- self in A])ril, 1885. He was barrack sergeant here for years. John Parkinson, who settled in London in 18.3!), died in October, 1888. Immediately after settlement, he began work in the brick-yard of James Ferguson, on B began the practice of medicine, travelling through Western Ontario, as there, were no regular physicians outside fiondon, Sarnia and Goderich. Hi.s death took place in January, 1885. 18 224 HISTOIiY OF THK Henry Coombs' family now own tho Mansion house. In 1 S'.VJ, Stillman Olds was a currier, William Underwood and Isaac L. Geurf,'e, millers, of Londoti, Wm. Cooper, carpenter, of Westminster. In April, 185.'), a great convention of coloreil refugees from slavery was held at London. The colored population of the town then was 27(), and their real estate was assessed at §l.t,r)()l-. At this convention, numbers of colored folk from the Wilberforce colony near Lucan were present. To point out the precocious growth of ideas at l;lie close of tlie jieriod it will only be necessary to quote the following motion by Councillors Barker and McClary, made in September, 1851. This called attention to the fact that Mr. Strathy was about building his new house at the corner of Dundas and liidout, and " Tiiat the Council have heard with regret that it is to be only two stories, which, in the opinion of this Council, would be very unsightly and olVensive to those who have expended large sums in that neighborhood fur the ornament and improvement of the town." It was well such guardians of the beauti- ful did not pass an ordinance making it o])tional with the people to say what class of house Tom, Dick or Harry should build They may have learned that tastes were developing, and trusted to time to teach even house builders what harmony signifies. The opening of the railroad in ISoS raised up new aspirations. In September of that year, £200 — not dollars — v.'ere approjn'iated by the Council, to celebrate the opening of tiie Great Western Railroad; and £200 were granted to the Mayor, in recognition of his services as Mayor and as a director in the railroad coni])any. That ceremony introduced modern London, for with thti shrill voice of the locomotive came new strangers, some from the world of luxury and fashion, some Irom that of labor and worth, all teaching lessons, all taking a i)art in forming society and building it up from tlie state of revelry to that of dignity. Real Estate in 18o2-7. — In 1851, what is known in modern day.s as a real estate boom, visited the town of London. Owitig to tlie prospects of increased railway accommodation, speculators took advan- tage of the opportunity, and startling transactions in real estate become of daily occuiTcnce. The unsuspecting public nipped at the gilded bait, and property assumed a highly fictitious value. Lots were ])in- chased for [)rospective suburban residences, almost as far out as Komoka, at ridiculous figures ; but the fond hopes of the ill-advised investors never matured, and tlie excitement eventually subsided, not, however, without leaving in its wake the usual contingent of luckless victims. As an idea of how properties sold at that time, A. S. Abbott, city clerk, tells of purchasing a lot of 42 feet frontage near where the Abbott carriage factory now stands on Dundas street, between Wellington and Waterloo, in 185.S or 1854, at SlOO per foot, and in a year or two afterwards he saw the adjoining lot sold for 1|1.'{ per foot. 'J'hat was COUNTY OF MIItDLESKX. 225 only one instance out of hundreds. The panic of 1 857 came (o com- plete the wreck. A number of men, some old settlers like Peter McCann, held a large quantity of hind through the years of depres- sion ; but now they were compelled to sell it for a trifle, or allow it to pass from their ])ossession. Ten years after the first railroad train entcired I>ondon, commercial and real estate men felt that (he days of panic were over, and that the city had been placed on a sure foundation of ])rosperity. The rental of real estate in 18(13 was i?ir)5,997, and the yearly value, when rental was not assessed, $12.3,3:15, — or total value, !S279,332; the taxable in- come was $451,200, and the total value of personal property $521,000. Post-office. — The nearest post-offices to London were one at St, Thomas, another at Ingersoll, which was kept by Scjuire Ingersoll, after whom the town of that name is called, and the remaining one on the plains north of Hall's mills, where Mr. Lawrason, father of London's police magistrate, csirried on a combined ])ost-office and general store. The mails were delivered at irregular intervals, and on the delivery days there was always a strong rush for the messages which the iso- lated settlers expected to receive. On the settlement of the village, an oilice was established iii 1828, with Ira Schofield in charge ; but in ] 829, Geo. J. Goodhue was appointed master, he having jn-eviously established the mail at his store in Westminster. The office was in a small log house on North street, in an unsettled i)art of the village, a little east of the entrance to the ff)rmer residence of L. Lawrason, near the Sacred Heart Convent. It was a rude log cabin, and its remote- ness was very inconvenient to the business community. Government was therefore petitioned for its removal, and it was tliereafter kept in (ioodhue's store. The mail in those days only came in once a week, which, however, was considered fast work in view of the few facilities afl'orded. Mr. Goodhue held this office up to 1852, except during the short term of his suspension. Lawrence Lawless, who in 1852 settled in Delaware, and was the first mail carrier between that village and London, was siibsequently clerk for lawrason, again for Goodhue, and later for .Tininings. Later still, he was Assistant Postmaster at Toronto ; but after Goodhue resigned the London office. Lawless was appointed, retiring as a super- aimuate in 1880, and dying September 21, 1882. In June, 1881, Postm.aster R. J. C. Dawson was appointed, having been connected with the office since 1852-.3. J. D. Sharman, the Assistant Postmaster, has been in the office since 1859. In speaking of those days, through the Advertiser, \h> says : — " ^Vhen I came here, the office was next door, where Aid. Moule's store is now. The staff' consisted of eight, all told. There was L. Lawless, the Postjnaster ; li. J. C. Dawson, acting assistant ; John Maitland, Joseph Gordon, R. D. Campbell, F. French, and myself, clerks. Mr. Lawless is dead ; John Maitland is still alive, and approaching 90 years of age ; Joseph Gordon is in Toronto ; R. D. Campbell, who was a son of the late 226 IIISTOKY OF THE Judge Campbell, of Niagara Falls, and a very fine fellow, is dead also ; and Fleming French is now in the Ottawa j)ost-oftice. In 1859 there were eight employes. At the beginning of the letter delivery we had five can'iers, now we have twenty-five, while the whole force of employes numbers forty-nine. Then the office revenue was .512,000 per annum ; now it is S47,000. There were only four officials in the Inspector's department in 186.'! ; now there are eight. Gilbert Griffin was Inspector then ; he is now in Kingston. George Cox was chief clerk; he is now living in the northern ])art of the city. Charles Whalen and I'at. Dower were clerks. Whalen is farming in the Eastern townshiji, and Dower is dead." In 18r)."(-4, while the office was still on Ridout street, a system of letter delivery was obtained. John Nichol was authorized by several residents to call for their letters at the office, and his system of private delivery ct)ntinued about thirteen years, the people paying a direct tax of one penny ])er letter to Nichol. Street letterboxes were placed Dec. 21, 1874, and later, the letter delivery system was extended to the city. The revenue from 1870 to 1888 is stated as follows : — lS7ti !|!28,126 '2r> 1881 JI38,319 42 1884 $42,735 59 1879 32,913 50 1882 43,455 51 1885 42,517 46 1880 35,804 90 1883 42,502 94 1886 44,309 7K 1887 S45.693 64 The revenue of 1888 will run to about $47,000.00, the fiscal year including . I line 30. The site for the London Post Office was purchased from W. & J. Carling in ISni; for $8,640. In 1870-1 an additional tract of land was purchased. In the fall of 1858 work was commenced on the building, which was comjileted in I860, at a cost of i^.S0,482.76. Up to July 1, 1867, no less than $40,526.06 were expended on con- struction, site and repairs. The original building was carried out by Mr. Elliot from design by Architect W. B. Leather. Front, 48 feet ; rear, 51) feet, and depth, i){\ feet. In 1873-4 an addition was made from plans by Architect Win. Itobinson. The Cudom House. — In 1854, when London was established a custom district, the office was on the ground floor of the building opposite Market Lane on Dundas. Some time later, Dr. Hiram Lee, a son of the dramatist, was apjwinted Collector, but in 1855-6 he was succeeded by his brother-in-law, James B. Strathy, then clerk of the county. He held the otfice until 1878, when Robert Reid, the present Collector, was appointed. The business was carried on for some time opposite the ( !ity Hall on Richmond street ; again in the Albion Buildings from 1858 to September, 1872, when a part of the present building was completed. The site of the Custom House was purchased in 1860-70 from St. Paul's Church for $8,000. In the latter year the work of construction commenced, and continued until completion in 1873-4. The main building is three stories high, covering 30,509 square feet. The one- story annex covers 1,204 square feet. The outer walls of Ohio stone are built in the modern Italian style, from plans by Wra. Robinson. COUNTV OK MIDDLESEX. 227 In III The custom receipts of the port from 1871 to 1881 are as fol- lows : — 1871 $233,126 1871 $304,888 1877 $419,038 1880 $451,751 1S72 263,076 1875 330,232 1878 459,147 1881 541,724 1873 214,!t70 1876 353,377 1879 470,510 The officers of the I'ort of London are Robert Reid, Collector ; E. S ( 'ollett, Surveyor ; Tlios. Miller, Chief Clerk ; AV. G. Flynn, Clerk ; J. L. Williams, < Ilerk and Locker ; Oscar H. Talbot, Clerk ; Jno. Sid- dons, Ajipraiser; Geo. D. Sutherland, Dry Goods Appraiser; Ed. Finnegan, Clerk ; NA'illiam Brett, Packer ; Richard Irvine, Landing Waiter, Grand Trunk de]iot ; Edward J>, Minhinnick, Assistant Land- ing Waiter, Cr. T. R ; William Taylor, Landing Waiter at Michigan Central depot. The outports connected are at Strathroy and Clinton, where James Taylor and John Irvine are Collectors. MiUtai-y Buildings. — In 18(14 two brick sheds and armories were constructed on Central and Wellington streets, one li;^>x77 feet, and one Miix-l-:') feet, in the centre of Militia Grounds. The large shed was demolished by a storm. In February, 1865, the military barracks, then evacuated by the troops on order of Governor Williams, for an alleged insult offered to Garrison CJommander Boles by the Mayor, were for sale. In 18(14 the military also were quartered in the McPherson carnage factory. In -Fune, 1870. the contracts for erection of brick militia buildings were sold for $6,342, J. Bryan, J. Garner and A. Purdom being the contractors. The brick storehouse cost $2,818, and the caretaker's house and magazine S'"),87() ; in all, $18,13(1. Railroad IhdldingK — Tlie first Grand Trunk depot of 1858 was an open platform for freiglit and passenger business, just east of Adelaide street. This was succeeded by a brick building. The location was inconvenient ; so the company sought a spot on Hamilton Road and Burwell street, where a frame shanty was erected 18x20 feet, con- structed with rough boards. In December, 1872, this building was destroyed. The old broad-gauge bed from St. Marys to Loudon was changed to the American gatige that year, and a desire for improve- ment was manifest ; but yet the company switched an old coach on the west track which was used as ofhce and waiting-room until the present buildings were opened Jan. 1, 1875. The first freight agent was P. H. ( 'arter, who was succeded by Calvert. Carter returned, but was succeeded by Thorp. Wm. Whyte came in 1874. In 187'J J. A. Roche succeeded him. The Canadian Pacific Railroad depot, near the northern limits of the city, is also a modern building. The Michigan Central dejiot and grounds are new additions to the city — coming with the railroad. The building is modern in every respect, and though not by any means the largest, is as substantially built as any, and architecturally the neatest in Canada. Modern Building Era. — The erection of the Tecumseh House and City Hall in 185. '-5 ushered in the modern building era. In 1S5(), 228 IIISTOUY OK TIIK brick, sti)ne aiui inline houses were added to the few iiiii^or'^int stores ;iii(l dwolliiijis wliioh escaped the fires of former years, aiid in 1859 no h'ss than SS1,OUO were expended oTi pretentious structures. In that y(!ar the following investments were made : — Owner. Street. Builder. Est'm'd. New Hauk... Richmond. . J3(),000 Post Ollicc ilo. Campbell 20,000 Smith, F Dnndas... do. 6,000 School Hortoii. . . .Garratt.. 2,000 WesleyanCh.. Tall Mall., do. 800 Wilson, Capt.. Talbot Moffat . . 3,000 Wheeler do. do. 800 WeIlingto„...fCo[J^«;Mcodo. 1,000 Owner. Street. nulUier. Est'm'd. Ashton Dundas . ..Moll'at.. . .$ 800 Adams Duke Screaton.. 2,.'iOO imitbell . . . 'I'iillHit . . . . . 3,000 Diirby Richmond. (ireen .. 2, .500 Li-onard do. Elliott.... 2,000 .McOaulcy . ..King Garratt. .. 3,000 iMaKce. ..Dundas Campbell. 2,000 McCormick.. do. ... 1,600 John ;\Iills, the stationer, who (tame here in ]8r)8, makes this statcMient : — " There was only one house tlie other side of Maitland street, and that belonged to a Mr. ilowliind, whose son is in the city now. My st"re at jire.sent is in the Iii-art of the business part of Londiin. In those days it was near the edge, as most of the trade of the city was done we.st of Kichmond .street. Still there were a num- ber of .stores around here, but nothing like there is to-day." From this pei'iod forward the entin'prise of the capitalist, of the religious and secret societies, « if the hundreds who were searching for pleasant homes, went hand-in-hand with the energy of contractors, and gave to London of the present day well built-up business thorough- fares, streets, and elegant residence streets. Queen's aveinie is the most beautiful drive ; the rows of residences along this street are W(jrth noting. Among the most attractive are those of John Labatt, Geo. T. Hiscox, Dr. .Moorehouse, Dr. Cam])bell, th(! London Club, Wm. Sj)encer, Duftield, Mrs. Rock, Col. Lewis, A. W. Porte, St. Andrew's manse. Dr. Eccles, Ed. Beltz, .T. K. Clare, Mrs. Elliott, W. D. Eckert, J. B. Laidlaw, A. S. Abbott, Gilbert Glass, F. E. Leonard, Major Larmour, Ciias. Crawford, E. K. Baynes, E. B. Reed, St. Paul's rectory, Philip Cook, J. M. Denton's terrace, A. Screaton, S. R. Brown. Talbot street boasts of several good residences Among the best are those of Mayor Cowan. Mrs. Meredith, Robt. Pritchard, Carletou Terrace, A. K. MeUiourne, Dr. Eraser, Harvey's terrace. Dr. Smith, Wm. A. Lipsey, R. J. C. Dawson, A. M. Smart, Alex. Stewart, John S. Pearce. Donald McDonald, W. .r. Saunby, Wm. Magee, W. C. Furness, Rev. Canon Newman, Alex Harvey, Thos. S. Hobbs, Cam- den terrace, James Owrey, R. S. Murray, Miss Kennedy, W. J. Hyman, Geo. S. liirrell, Hon. Elijah Leonard, to which list must be ;;dded Carling,s' brewery. King street is another drive, along which are many fine residences worth seeing Among tliese are the homes of Dr. Moore, John Wolfe, B. A. Mitchell, R. C. Struthers, Wm. Stevely, Dr. Catterniole, Robert Raid, Inspijctor lioyle, T. C. Hewitt, if. C. Maofie, John Taylor, F. A. Fitzgerald, John Tan ton, James H. Belton, L. H. Scandrett, Thos. Pur- COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 229 best ietoii pith, llohu C. Jaui- r. .). kt be Lnces rolfe, abevt A. irm- (lom, Mrs. Tilley, Frederick Rowland, Wm. Willis, .lohn Adams, John Forsyth, John G. Mcintosh, Mrs. Elliott, Mrs. Johnston, Arthnr Wal- lace, Mrs. H. Davis, Robert Mcl'herson, H. Ashplant, Wm. Ward, Dr. Tenimnt, H. C. (Ireen, J. L. IJurt, John Purdom, D. A. McDermid, H. G. Abbott, R. D. Dulmagc, and Mrs. H. R Brown. Ainonoard. Ezekiel Whittimore was a])pointed insjjector, but the object which he was to inspect is not named. The amount in which the treasurer was to give bonds was .£1,000; the clerk, £500; inspector, £100; a.sse.ssor, £250; constable, £100; collector, £500. Thomas Carlirig was ap})ointed street surveyor, his pay being five shillings for each day engaged. Wm. Kobb" was appointed consiable; J. H. Car r, assessor, and John O'Neil, collector. In May the sum of £10 was granteil to W. K. Cornish as rent for the u.se of his office to March, 1844, as Council Chamber. James Givens, President of the Board, was ordered to surrender the bond of John Hughes, former clerk of the village. An entry of October 2.'!, 1843, si)eaks plainly on some of the habits and customs of the times. "John Balkwill, Esq., having attended the Board in a state of intoxication : ordered, that the constable do remove him ; he having done everything in his power to impede the proceedings of the Board." Later that evening a second resolution 'J32 nisroKY 01' TIIK was cairiod. ".Idliii Balk will, Vm\., oiu' of the iiKMiibors of tho Hoard, having lirokcn tho windows of the. oflici', or instij,'iitt'd t\w sanio to bo (lone: ordcnid, that tlic Board adjourn till to-niorrow nioriiiii},'." W. K. ( 'ortiish, villaf,'o clork, <,'avo iioticct tliat Im would r(>si<,'n, owing to I'alk will's conduct. in .luiu\ or 'luly, 184.!, dcjirodatiiMH of sorncf oharactctr were coni- niitlcd at London. TIk^ Board olllMcd XIO, and Mr. Whittitnore £;"i, for tho. a])]irolu'nsi()n of tho olVonders. Major Holnios, coinniaiiding tho Twonty-tliird Kcgimont, then garri.soning London (.Inly, IS44), was roforrod to clau.so oiglitoon of by-laws, anecher, ( 'harle.s Prior, Ah'X. Crordon and W. K. Cornish were a])]iointod returning otiicors for 1844. In Doceniber, 1844. the use of tho Board n)oni was granted to the Masoinc T^odgo, on petition of Alo.N (lordon. In January, 18:>7, a jiotition from th(! residents of London asked the Quarter Sessions Court to order all dogs to be "shut up or shot;" but as .some of the magistrates were tho owners of tho worst dogs in the village, tho petition was loft unnoticed. A "dog law," however, was passed by tho Village Council, Feb. 2, 1884. The oflicers of the Board for 1844 were: — (ieorge Kailton, clerk; W. W. Street, treasurer ; Boyle Travers, assos.sor; John McDowell, collector; I'hilo Bennett, con.stable ; K. Whittimore, inspector, and Benjamin Higgins, j)ound-koofi(!r The munici])al business of 1 84.") opened with a mooting called to protest against a petition then in the hands of the Clovernment. .seek- ing the amendment of the village charter. Thos. Keir, Geo. liailton, Alex. Gordon and 1). M. Thompson were returning ofticers. On Feb. n, L84r», the question (ff who was elected to the Board from St. Patrick's Ward was decided in favor of .lohn Crnikshank against Hugh Steven- son, and of John Balkwill against Ellis. Henry C. K. Becher repre- sented Ellis, and Wm. Horton represented Hugh Stevenson. John Wilson was em])loyod as village attorney in May, 1845. Tho oflicers of the Board for 184.5 were: — W. W. Street, treasurer; Thomas Scatcherd, clerk ; Boyle Travers, assessor ; John McDowell, collector ; Peter McCann, constable; Kzekiel Whittimore, warden and in- .spector and Benjamin Higgins, jiound-keeper. In October, 184."i, Colonel Talbot was asked to bring before the Government the pro- position of granting to the Town of London all the broken front lots within the village limits. In December a new series of by- laws appeared in the Tinieti. In August, I84(), George Thomas, a member of the Board, moved to Chatiiam. His resignation was asked for by letter of Clerk Scatcherd. Among tho items jjaid in April, 1847, was £5 to H. C. R Becher "for drafting i)roposed now act of incoiporation of the town." In 1847 Henry Hamilton was elected Clerk, and John Brown, collector, being the only chiinges in the list of Board oflicers, John Walsh having refused to scjrve as insi)ectur. Alany of the acts of the old village do not apjioar here. Those relat- COUNTY OK MIDDIXSKX 2:^3 ticcrs lOIUllS lector ; ll in- ,184."., \n'o- frotit )f by- nas, a I asked I April, act of llectcil list of [wctuv. rclat- iiir; to firos, licciisos, liospitiils, bonus to iiuliistrips, poHco, schools, &c., will 1)0 fouiitl miilor thoir rcsiu'ctivo lioa(liii<»s. Toivn of Lomloii. — Tho act to rofwal the act of incoqioration of the Town of London and to establish a Town Council for Tx)iidon, instead of a ISoard of I'olice, was assented to Jtilv L'S, 1847. The Mayors of the Town of London from iS48 to I8.')4 are named as follows: — Simeon Merrill, I84S and 1850-1 ; Thomas 0. Dixon, 1S4'.»; Edward Adams, 18r)2-.">; and Marcus Holmes, I8r)4, The Council of 1848 comjirised 11. S. Kobinson and John Dimond; Win. lUirker and Samuel Stansiield ; I'hilo IJentuitt and Michael Seger ; A. McCormick and .John Doyle, rejn'esonted the wards respectively. In 1841) M. Anderson and liobert CJnnn ; William Darker and Thomas Carling; James Daniel and I'hilo Uennett; James Graham and Benj. Nash. On March 1, 184'.i, efli<,'ies were publicly burned in the mar- ket s(iuare of London. The ALayor, althouuh asked by the (Council to take action in the matter, failed to notice the proceeding. In 18,")(). each of the wards was f»iven three representatives and the town a Keeve and Deputy. The Councilmen were : — Murray Anderson, L. Lawrason and John Ashton ; Thoi i.is Carling, H. C. R. Becher and Win. liarker ; Simeon Morrill, James Daniel and Philo Bennett ; Benj. Na.sh, John K. Labatt and Edward Adams. In 18ril Edward Adams rejjlaced Lawrason for St. Patrick's ward ; Carling, Becher and Barker were re-elected for St. George's ward ; Simeon Morrill, Oliver McClary and Marcus Holmes for St. Andrew's; John K. Labatt, D. M. Thomson and John Clegg for St. David's. In 18^2 James Oliver, K. Adams and M. Anderson ; T. Carling, W. Barker and J. C. Mere- dith ; ^larcus Holmes, James Reid and Oliver McClary; James Daniel, Geo. Code and John Clcgg, re])resonted the .several wards. In LS;")."? the first named two wards were represented as in 18.^-: — Marcus Holmes, James Cousins and Ellis W. Hyman represented St. Andrew's ; John Scanlan, Peter Sehram and James Daniel, St. David's. Mur- ra}' Anderson was Reeve, and Wm. Barker, Deputy from 1840 to the close of 1852. Wm. Barker in 18.");)-4, with Marcus Holmes, Deputy in ISoo, and Murray Anderson in 18;)4. In 1854 Elijah Leonard replaced Ol'ver for St. Patrick's, Robert Wilson replaced J. C. Meredith for St. (J-eorge's, St. Andrew's Ward retained its three representatives of 1853, while .lames MoH'at, John Blaii' and John Clegg were the Councilmen elected for St. David's Ward. Alfred Carter was the first chirk of the old town in 1848. James Farley succeeded him in 184'.), and held the position until the town govcrniuent was changed into a city government, Jaii. 1, 1855. Transactions of Town Council. — The transactions of the old Town (\iuncil, like those of the Village Council, were of such a varied character, that like them, they are scattered throiighout this chapter, and some find a way into county history. On Aug. 17, 1847, Mr. BarkfM- was called to apologize for the use of abusive language to 234 HISTORY OF THE brother members of the lloiinl the day before. In A\ii,'tist ( 'oUector McDowell resigiKul, when A. S. Abbott was appointed to that jmsi- tioii. In SejiteinlxT Clerk Carter refused to pay over moneys allej^cd to have been collected by him, to the new Council. In October t!i(' Council enacted that all reli;j;i(iU3 societies nsinji; the Town Hall should pay two and a-half shillinj^s ])er nitjht. The New Connexion Metho- dist Society was ])ermitted to put u]) an extra stove in tlu; Council room. Mr. McClary was town surveyor and enj^ineer. In Jainiary, 184'.!, the election case of Bali^will vn. Nash was before the Council. There were many witnesses, who proved that Halkwill, since j^iviug u[) housedveei)ing. still resided here, while others ]iroved liim only to be a visitor. The Cnuncil decided in favor of Nash, who was declared Councilman for St David's Ward. James Farley was chosen clerk ; and, on motion of liarker, seconded by IJennett, a vote of thanks was given to ex-Clerk Charles Hutchinson for the eflicicnt and satisfactory manner in which he fulfilled the duties of his oflice. A. S. Abbott was rciapjiointed collectoi', with Fen.ser, Stead and Phnn- mcr assessors. On February 7 the Council convened to review tlie draft of a bill providinjT for a >,'eneral municipal incorporation law, and the town was divided into ( 'entrc. North and South Wards. Henry C. K. lieclier was appointed town solicitor to succeed John Wilson, In .Jamiary, 1850, lieeve Anderson was chosen to re])resent the town in the County Council, with l)e])uty-lteeve Nash. James Farley was ap])ointed clerk; Peter Mc(,'anu, High Bailitf; Captain Caddy, engineer; W. W. Street, treasurer; A. S. Abbott, clerk. Harding O'lJrien, Hugh Stevenson and John ^McDowell were ap- pointed assessors for St. George's Ward ; John Plummer, A. Lowrie (succeeded by J. Talbot) and Peter Schram, for St. Patrick's ; John Scanlon, E. P. KUis and John Matthews, for St. Andrew's ; James Elliot, Henry Green and Thomas Fraser, for St. David's. The constables then a])pointed for the wards, in the order as given, were Thonius Fletcher and W, McAdam ; Patrick McLaughlin, John IJooth and Thomas Wiggins. A. W. Grillith was appointed inspector, with .lolui Lowrie. Samuel H. Parke was reai)pointed inspector of weights and measures. The salaries were : — Clerk, £'>'> ; treasurer, £2") ; engineer, £50; collector, £45; high constable, £25; inspectors, £ll' lOs. nd. each In May, 1850, Councillor Labatt a.sked the (.'ouncil to proclaim May 24th a holiday. In April, 1S52, tenders for surveying the town were received from Samuel Pcter.s, £22:5; John TuUv,' £5".t:; ; Sandford Flemuig, £125; Kobert Inni.s, £110; Charles Fraser, £l(i;i; W. B. Leather, £2'.i;i ; Geo. P. Leddy, £180; and William McClary, £195. The work was awarded to Samuel Peters. In July W. W. Street resigned the oflice of Treasurer (which he held for 12 years), when John Brown was ap- pointed. In December the Council agreed to attend the funeral of Geo. Lode, a late member. The gentlemen were also kind enough to COUNTY OF miuhleskx. 235 ll fidUl ]'k WHS oflice ■as ap- H-al o£ limb to themselves to onler " IH pairs of mr.n's black kill <,'lovos and crape, and a sufticient quantity of white satin ribbon," so that they could at- tend the funeral in state. An act vesting a portion of (,'hurcli street in the lioard of Works was approved .lune 14, ISo."!. John and William Carling, William T. Jlenwick and James S. Thompson were owners of certain lots bounded on the west by Church stn.'et, and their ])etition, on w'lich the act was l)as(!d, pointed out that Church street was rendered useless by the opening of the new or Sarnia street ; that they received no compensa- tion therefor; and so it was ordered that the Board of Works sell to the owners named that portion of Church street abutting their lots as a, consideration for their proi>erty a]ipro{)riated to Sarnia street. On Sept. 211, 1855, the Council granted .£5(1 to celebrate the fall of Sebastojiol, and ordered the police, fire brigade and jjoople to turn out. Councillors Glass, Leonard, McBride, Schram, Carling and Kermott were a])i)ointed to manage the all'air. In October, IiS55, the Governor- General was oflicially received. In December a visit from the t.'ity Council and Fire Department of Detroit, Mich., was frustrated by the Great Western Railway refusing to lower the regular fare. The Lon- don (Council consoled the would-be visiujrs with the ])romise that on tlie coin])letion of the London & Port Stanley Railroad they could come to the Port by steamer and thence to London free. Parks. — Sixty-two yeai's ago London was all a park. For a decade |irior to 182(i the country at the Forks was known to some of the settlers of the seven-mile-woods of Oxford, of the Buckwheat River settlement in Dorchester, of Westminster, Delaware find London Townships. In 181(1 Monseigneur Plessis, of (j)uebec, visited tlie ])lace, with Rev. Mr. Kelly and the Abbe ( Jauvreau, on their return from Sandwich , but of all who jiassed this way since Si mcoe and his stall' camped at the Forks, ni.t one, except Bishop Plessis, considered the beautiful place worth notice. It was all a ])ark, fit for the aborigir:es to dwell in ; their most liictures([ue and one of their most })rofitable hunting grounds. The surveyor came with his chain and axe, the spell of the wilderness was removed, and the trees of a century began to disappear. Andrew Yerex, who looked in on this scene in LS24, states thai on his arrival in the fall of 1824 the ])laco where Lonilon now stands was a dense forest, and oidy two concessions of Westminster were fairly settled. The roads were scarcely more than trails through the woods, marked l)y the blazed trees, which formed conspicuous lanilmarks along the route. In fact theie was but one line that could really be termed a thorough fare, that being the Longwoods road, or, as it was then termed, Westminster street, although there was another I'oad leading to St. Thomas. That ])laci! was then called a village, and possessed some importance, as it had about a do/en houses. IJttlt' (lid the early inhabitants estimate the value of trees ; they Were an inenndu'auce, and their wholesale destruction was looked upon with pleasure ; bu.t with all tlu; ravages of commercial i)rogress one 236 HlSTOliY OK TIIK little grove remained to receive as it were tlie first railroad train in 1853. That year Alex. Tytler arrived here, and s])eaking of the old forest, by the tongue of the Adoertiser, in Oct., ISS8, he says: — " When I ctime here there was no London East, no London South, nor no London West. There were a few scattered liouses over thei'e, but you could fire a cannon off from the top of the hill without the lea.st danger of doing any damage. Why, twenty or twenty five years ago I helped ti cut trees down on Dundas street. It's not so very long ago since a grouji of trees grew on the corner of Talbot and JJundas streets. I helped to clear thorn away." The inhabitants of later days, however, learned of the loss sus- tained through want of judgment in their predecessors. Thousands of dollars had to be e.\i)ended in an elfort to secure for the residence streets and parks of the i)resent time suitable .shade trees. Even the court- house square, which the vandal oflicers of 1 827-8 had cleared of the oUl, old trees, so that they could chain their prisoners to the stumps, had to be replanted, and a little while ago many of the great ])iues which stood in Salter's grove had to give way to the Exposition build- ings or to the race track. Never will pine grow here again like those moiKirchs of the grove. From Carling's Creek to Wellington, a dense })ine forest existed — all buckwheat ]iine of young growth — until Tho.s. Waters built his saw-mill above Hynian's present tannery. Victoria Park was so named by the Governor-General, Angu.st 27, 1874. This park, says the Advertiser : — " Comprises about sixteen acres, and is fast becoming, as the trees grow larger, one of the loveli- est spots in the city. The site where it now stands originally belonged to the Imperial Government, who reserved it for military purposes. In 18;)7, when they were hurrying out troops to this country to suji- press the rebellion, a long frame barracks was erected upon the ground lor their accommodation, and for many years after that IJritish troops were quartered therein. In time this immense barracks l)egan to decay, and the trooj)s deserted it. It finally became an eyesore to the city, and the resort for characters of the worst sort, who made a regu- lar borough oiit of it for themselves. It gave the whole neigiiborhooii a name from which it took years to recover, and finally one night it caught fire and was totally destroyed. This property, long before this time, had been transferred from the Imperial to the Dominion Govern- ment, and subsetjuently by the Dominion Government deeded to the city of London. Victoria I'ark was then laid out, and in a few years an unsightly commons with a tumble down olil barracks on it and partially surrounded by a stump fence was tran.sformed into the beauti- ful place it now is. But when the park was laid out London was not as large as it is now, nor had its residents such metropolitan ideas. They were at that time very fond of allowing their cows, horses, jtigs and geese to roam at large, destroying what they pleased. Therefore the Council in its wisdom had a high picket fence put up around the park. In time this fence decayed and became an eyesore. For years COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 237 this bvL'vn- to llui years [t luul leauti- las not 1 ideas. J)igS tore Ire |id the vears the Advertwer called for its removal and advised the putting down of straight walks from corner to corner, to stoj) people cutting pathways through the grass. However, the Advertiser'a views were too far ahead of those of the Council to prevail at once, but iu tlie end the suggestions had to be acted upon. First the fences went down, and tills year Aid. Taylor at once saw the advantage of straight walks, and liad tiiem cut out. The removal of the fences alone around Victoria I'ark had the ell'ect of raising the value of yn'operty in the neighbor- hood very considerably. When the trees on it get a little larger, there will probably not be another spot like it in the Province." In December, ISf)!.;, St. James' I'ark was leased to Thomas Francis under certain conditions for si.x years, which lease was extended in 1 857 to ten years. In Augu.st, 18(i(), an item of £'> for the removal of " Kussian guns " apj)cars. in December, 1800, carriages were jn'e- jtared for them, and they were placed in position. In IS")") a resolu- lion to fence the grounds deeded to the city for a public ])ark by Col. lUu'well, was carried. The Exhibition. Grounds.— ]n April, 1878, Benj. Cronyn and '.M) others ))etitioned the Council for leave to enclose Salter's Grove and ponvert it into a ])ublic ])ark. This ])etition was granted, and Recrea- tion Park became an established fact. The name Queen's I'ark was subsequently be.stoM-ed upon the ground. S})eaking of this ])ark, the Advevtim'r, in its great issue of Oct. 29, 188(S, says: — " While Victoria I'ark by the art of num was transformed from an eyesore into a thing of beauty. Queen's I'ark was made what it is by nature. Of course nature has been aideil and abetted of late years by the City Council, but Queen's Park was puichased by the Council because of its natural advantages. Refore coming into ])ossession of the cor])oration it belonged to the late Dr. Salter, after whom it was called " Salter's Grove." Some fifteen or eighteen years ago, when the fever for ])arks struck Lotidon, it was purchased by the city for some $11,000. It was then in the county, or what was generally known as London Kast, although at that time London East was a small [)lace. It has ])roved a good investment, and the land which then cost $11,000 would in ail likelihood now bring $30,000 or $40,000. At odd periods after its purcliase sjiasmodic etibrts of a costly character were made to improve and beautify it, but without result. Fences were put up, a circular half-mile race track built, a band stand erectisd, and so on. It was nut, however, until the Western Fair was removed there that it,s inij)ruvenu!nt was gone about in a systematic manner. It will be re- membered that the ])eo])le by a large majority decided to sell the old Fair Grounds in the northern part of the city. The people by another vote reje(!ted Carling's farm as a Fair site, and selected (.Queen's Park. As a consequence, some $70,000 has been expended upon it in erecting buildings and beautifying the grounds. A fine half-mile rac(> track has been graded on the eastern side. The grounds have been leveled, and handsome buildings erected here and there. When the good work 238 IHSrOKY 01' TIIK is completed London will liave the finest fair grounds on the con- tinent." The city by-law establishing the Park is dated May 5, 1879, article :> j)roviding that lienjamin Cronyn, Andrew McCorniick and William H. Binell be trustees of the Park ; and may fence, improve and erect buildings. In .Tunc, 18(18, the court-house grounds were granted to the city for park purposes, the condition being that the grounds should be jdanted with ornfimental trees. Bridges. — Up to 182(3, and for some years later, when the settlers found it necessary to cro,ss the river, they had recourse to two bridges, tiiat being the total number then existing. One of these stood a little below where the water-works machinery is now located at Spring- bank, and was known as ".Garner's bridge." It was a rough, old- fashioned structure, ])lainly but substantially constructed. The petition was gotten u]) by Gardner and lieynolds in 1S2-I, and the bridge was finished in 182."). Contemjmrary was the liyrou bridge. There was no contractor, the people forming a bee, drawing the timber in the fall of lS2-i, and building the striicture at once. Among the builders were Duncan Mackenzie, Muiiroe, the blacksmith, Ilobert Summers, and others. The bridge at iJoty's was built up over the South Branch, near the Dorchester line, about the year 182;"). In the fall of 182(1 West- minster, or York street, was erected, and then Blackfriars. On Aug. 17, 1847, the question of rebuilding Wellington bridge was before the Board, as the Inspector reported it dangerous. A bridge at the foot of Kidout street was constructed in 1848. A debenture was issued to Benjamin Gaman in December, 184'.(, for £'.t(l (Is. 2d., being 6 per cent, interest, for completing work on bridge and a])proaches, presum- ably Wellington street. In February, 18:?], Blackfriars' bridge was comjjleted, being the second bridge built at this point. In Marcii, 1851, thanks were tendered to the persons who tried to save the bridge at the foot of liidout street during the freshet of Feb. 24 ; also to Capt. Caddy for his exertions toward saving other bridges, while .£1 was awarded Arthur Wallis, Loop Odell, Lyman Gritlith and Wil- liam Tibbs for saving Wellington street bridge. In August, 18.") 1, arrangements for rebuilding Blackfriars' bridge were m.ide, and sewers down York and liichmond street were constructed. The bridge over Mill Creek, on Talbot street, was begun in August, 1S,")2. The Victoria Bridge Companv were engaged in building their bridge in ,Fuly, 1854. In Sei)tember, 1871, the bridges over the Thames, one at the foot of Dundas and one at the foot of Oxford street, were authorized and $1,(10(1 a]ii)ropriated to each, to be paid as soon as a sutlicient sura would be suliscribed for building (Uther bridge. Victoria Bridge was ■wholly swe})t away February 14, 1874. There, on duly 21, Mrs. Van Wormer and Miss Elliott were drowned. The great flooonnell was paid £3 in August, 1843, for cutting down a hill on Bathurst street, between Ridout and Thames streets. At this time the question of " turnpik- ing"east Bathurst street was reported fiivorably. In August, 18-4;!, William Frank was given the turnpike contract. Charles Hutchinson was granted the contract for opening York street east to the reserve from St. Paul's ''hurch, the sum being £15 15s. Od. The road from Wellington stiv^ot east to the reserve from St. Paul's Church was ordered to be opened and graded in Oct., 1843. ri (1 1.1 Iii n foi am froi stre hill.c ?raA' and iiicin new and ; east i £1)0(1 plaiiJi Were bv )"■ y ed llievi'. jeavs, and f-meJit in Up to lince that pnud was tines and Itcvy is on place of id £■■' in \)etween 'tui'uvik- list, 18-io, lutchinson Te reserve [•oad from [uvch ^vas On April 15, 1844, Engineer Zivonski reported the completion of (he plank road from Westminster bridge eastward to the town limits. The Board complained of this short road, and a memorial to the Board of Works, setting forth the impassable condition in which the roads adjoining thi'^ ])lank road were left, and asking that the Port Stanley road along Yoric street to the lirantford ])lank road, at the ,Mid of York street, on the new survey of the town, be finished at tlie ex- jiense of the district. This memorial the Board of Works denied. £50 were gi'anted for opening Wellington street from Dnndas to the river ; £5 for removing the hill on North street leading from Ridout to (lie river, iind £5 toward improving the road at the end of Blackfriars hridgo were granted in June, 1 844. In July, 1844, I'hilo Beimett succeeded Whittimore as Street Iii.si)ector. At this time the Government was petitioned to grant lots 11 and 12, Bathurst street, and 11 and 12 on York street to the town, for the puri^ose of (jxtending the plank road and joining the Brantford and Port Stanley plank roads at that point. In May, 1845, Dennis O'Brien was authorized to have the hill from his brick building on Dundas street to North street cut down. (Jleim was allowed 2.V shillings "for gravel laid by him on Dundas ,*wt,"i" 1847. In June, 1848, the sum of £20 was appropriated for removing the hills on Horton and Eidout streets in St. David's and St. Andrew's Wards. During the .summer of 1848 the following streets were graded and graveled : — IMdout and Richmond from Hitchcock street to Dundas, iind Talbot street from North to Dnntlas. The order provided for nine inches of gmvel on a strip sixteen feet wide. At this time several new sidewalks w(;re placed, and old ones repaired. The work of grading and graveling streets was extended north and south of Dundas, and east and west of Richmond ; hills were reduced. In July, no less than £900 were ajjpropriated for public improvements in the town ; the old plank road was taken \\\) and a new road bed put down ; new streets were opened and improved ; the court-lu)Use square was fenced, partly by jtrivate subscrii)tion, and a general round of improvement marked tlie progress of the village. Mr. McClary was superintendent of works. On Sepiteinber \), 1 849, the whole of Burlington street from its inter- section with Huron, including Mark Lane and part of Richmond street to Dimdas street, was gi'anted to the London Proof Line Road Co , as ])art of their road and terminus thereto, under certain conditions. In March, 185G, Geo. Roulton asked the Council to order all houses to be numbered. Owing to the irregular and scattered condition of the houses, even on the best streets, the request was not granted. Roulton, however, was empowered to take the census of the city ; but without conditions as to pay. In July, 186(), the names of streets were ordered to be placed on street corners, and all houses numbered. On June 14, 1853, the act vesting portions of east York street, 24J HISTORY OF THK east Batliurst and VVelliii«,'ton streets, in the Great Western Kailioiul, was assented to. A petition for the election of Mayor by the inhabitants instond of by the Council, was signed in January, 185o, and presented to the (Jonncil. Incor/)oratio)i of London City. — The act of September 21, 1854, provided that the Town of London be raised to the rank of a city, its boundaries being thus described : — " All tliat part of the Province situate within the County of Middlesex, and lying within the followini; limits, that is to say : all the lands comjirised within the old and new- surveys of the Town of London, together with the lands adjoiniiii]; thereto, lying between the said surveys a!id the lliver Thames, pro- ducing the northern boundary of the new survey until it intei'sects tlic North Ihanch of the River Thames, and producing the efistern boundary line (il 'lie said new survey until it intersects tlie East Branch of the River '11 lames, and the eastern boundary line be known as Adelaide street" Within this tract seven wards were established, and the charter election ordered to be held January 1, 1855. This charter was signed at Quebec by I*. J. 0. Chauvreau, secretary, and approveil witli all the profuse phraseology of the time. In September, 1.S54, the old Council referred to the failure of the member for London to have the town proclaimed <'i city, and asked Thus. Scatcherd, then representing West Middlesex, to have the act proclaimed in the Gazette. This was accomplished, and on January 1 the elections were duly held. The Mayors from this city from that period to 18ii,'i are named as follows: — Miirray Anderson, 1855; Wm. Barker, 1850; Elijah Leonard, 1857 ; David Glass, 1858 ; Wni. McBride, 1859 ; Jus. Mofiatt, 18r.O; F. E. Cornish, 18C1 to January, 1865. The members of the Council from 1855 to 18(i2, inclusive, are named in the following roll : — For 1855 — First Ward — Aldermen, Peter Schram and Jas. Molfatt; Councilmen, John Blair and B. Wheeler. Second Ward — AUlernieii, M. Anderson and Elijaii Leonard ; Councilmen, Wm. McBride and Geo. M. Gunn. Third Ward — Aldermen, James Daniels iind Joseph Gibbons; Councilmen, Arthur Wallace and -lohn Clegg. Fonrtli Ward — Aldermen, R. Abernethy and J. W. Kermott ; Councilmen, Frank Smith and David Glass. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, D. Lester and Geo. G. Magee ; Councilmen, Thomas Carter and Robert Smith. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, John Carling and Thomas Feel ; ( 'ouncilmen, Wm. Glen and P. Phipps. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, Wm. Barker and Wm. Darby ; Councilmen, Robinson Oit and .lohn Wells. For 1856 — First Ward — Alderaien, Peter Schram and Jas. ^MoH'att; Councilmen, John Blair and R. S. Talbot. Second Ward — Ahleimeii, Elijah Leoniird and Wm. McBride ; ( 'oinicilmen, S. McBride and dolin O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, Marcus Holmes and David Glass; (."ouncilmen, John Clegg and John A. Arnold Fourth Ward— Aldei- men, Francis Smith and J. W. Kermott; Councilmen, William Gla.s- COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX. 243 I of the 854, y.its viuw )wiut; , new S, pVD- :',ts Uk" indavy of tlie. deliiide ,ud tlie ■ti'.v was ed with e of the ed Tho3. ocVaimed elections to 1^''>^ :v, 185ir. 59 ; .Tas. jsive, ave MoHatt; khkvuieii, ('.vide and \a .loseph Fouvtli ^luciin^en, Lester [vt Smith. \n. Barker ■^^lolVatt; liVhlevmeu, 1 and .lohn /id Glass-. Ja— Aldev- and Wm. T. Kioly. Fifth Wnrd — Aldermen, Daniel T.ester, and CJeo. (i. iMagce ; Councilmen, Robert Smitli, and James Hitchins. Sixth ^Vjivd— Aldermen, John ( 'arlinjj and Thomas Peel ; (Jouncilmen, P. riiijiiw and Ed. Garratt. Soventli Ward — Aldermen, Wm. Barker and S. Stansfield ; (.'ouncilmen, John Wells and llobinson Orr. For IH.'i? — First Ward — Aldermen, James Motfatt and James M. Cousins; Councilmen, John Blair and (leorge Taylor. Second Ward — Aldermen, Klijah Leonard and William McBride ; Conncilmen, S. McBridc an(l John O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, ]\Iarcus Holmes and David Glass; Conncilmen, John Arnold and James Durand. Fointh Ward — Aklermen, Francis Smith and 11. Abornethy ; Conncil- men, W. T. Kioly and Wm. Glass. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Daniel Lester and H. Hunter; Councilmen, llobert Smith and Wm. Doty. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, John Carling and Ed, Garratt; Councilmen, P. I'hijJiis and Geo. Fitzgerald. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, S. Stans- field and P. G. Norris ; Councilmen, John Uoss and R. Thompson. For 1858— Fir,st Ward — Aldermen, James Cousins and John Blair; Councilmen, P>. Wheeler and Robert Gunn. Second Ward — Alder- men, Wm McBride and M. Anderson ; Councilmen, S. McBride and .Uibn O'Neil. Third Ward — Aldermen, IMarcus Holmes and David Glass ; Councilmen, James Durand and John Cousins. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, Francis Smith and John Griftith ; Councilmen, Jas. H, Flock and ('has. Priddis. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robert Smith and Henry Roots; Councilmen, Wm. Doty and Brock Stevens. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, Ed. GaiTatt and P. Phipps; Councilmen, Wade Owen and R. F. Matthews. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, P. G. Non-is and F. E. (Cornish ; Councilmen, T. Partridge, jr,, and M. Macnamara, For 18.")9 — First Ward — Aldermen, James Aloffatt and J. I. Mac- kenzie : (.'ouncilmen, ('has. Stead and John Bonser. Second Ward — Aldermen, S. McBride and Wm. Begg ; ( ,'ouncilmeu, J. K. Brown and James Gillean. Third Ward — Aldermen, T. H. Buckley and B. A. Mitcliell; Councilmen, James Reid and David Hughes. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, W. S. Smith and Jas. H. Flock ; Councilmen, A, Hamilton and Ariel Tousby. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robert Smith and Geo. Webster; ('ouncilmen, D. McPherson and Jesse Rapley. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, Ed. Garratt and P. Phipps ; Councilmen, Wade Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, F. E. Cornish and T. Partridge, jr. ; Councilmen, M. Macnamara and Thos. O'Brien. For 1861) — First Ward — Aldermen, J. I. Mackenzie and Charles Stead ; CouTicilmen, B. Wheeler and A. Campbell. Second Ward — AldermeTi. S. i\IcBride and Wm. Begg ; Councilmen, James Gillean and Wra. Pope. Third Ward— Aldermen, T. H. Buckley and C. D. Holmes ; Councilmen, David Hughes and J. J. Spcttigue. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, Jas. H. Flock and H. Stevenson ; Councilmen, John Griftith and Alex. Mun-ay. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, Robt. Smith and J. W. McGauley ; Councilmen, D. McPherson and J. W. Rapley. 244 mSTOUY OF THB Sixth Ward — Aldermen, Kd. Garmtt and P. rhi])ps ; Councilnien, Wade Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, V. K. Cornish and JohnUoss; Councilmen, T. Partridge, jr, and Thoiiiin O'Brien. For IHGl — First Ward — Aldermen, Charles Stead and J. M. Cousins; Councilmen, B. Wheeler and John Bonser. Second Ward— Aldermen, Samuel McBride and William Pope ; Councilmen, J. B. Smyth and Wm. Divinny. Third Wanl — Aldermen, C. I). nolniL's and Ed. Heathfield ; Councilmen, David Hu<^hes and J. J. Sj)etti<;ut'. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, Jas, H. Flock and H. Stevenson ; Couiicil- nien, .lohn Criftith and Alex. Murray. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, 1). Mcpherson and D. Macfie ; Councilmen, J. W. llapley and S. H. Oraydon. Sixth Ward — Aldermen, P. Phi])p3 and Thomas PiHil ; Councilmen, Wade Owen and James Grilliths. Seventh Ward- Aldermen, P. C Norris and T. Partridge, jr. ; Councilmen, Thomas O'Brien and 11 Thompson. For 1862— First Ward— Aldermen, Charles Stead and B. Wheelur; Councilmen, Wm Johnson and James Deadman. Second Ward- Aldermen, S. McBride and Wm. Pope; Councilmen, John B. Siiiytii and Wm. Devinny. Third Ward — Aldermen, C. I). Holmes and .1. .1. Spettigue ; Councilmen, David Hughes and Walter Nichol. Fourth Ward — Aldermen, H. Stevenson and John Koss ; Councilmen, A. ^Ic- Cormick and Alex. Murray. Fifth Ward — Aldermen, D. AlcPhersoii and D. Macfie ; Councilmen, J. W, Ea]iley and S. H. Graydon. Si.vtli Ward — Aldermen, P. Phipps and Thomas Peel ; Councilmen, Wade Owen and John Christie. Seventh Ward — Aldermen, T. Partriilge, jr., and Thomas O'Brien ; Councilmen, Wm. Waud and II. Thomi)soii. Financial Transactions. — In June, 1843, a number of residents were summoned for not making a true return, or no return, of rateable property. Among them were : — Hall, of the 14th llegiment; Joseph Sheurman, Alex. Gordon, John Nervul, Richard Smith, S. Morrill, George Pringle, Samuel Crawford, Wm. Roddick, Geo. Thomas, Tlios. Craig, James Macklin, Wm. IVrcival, A. Newlands, Robert Morrill, Jerry H. Joyce, Geo. James, Wm. O'Rielly, Henry McCabe, Samuel Bond, Fiiday Perrin, James Bowen, Charles lirown, Jas. Pendleuiii, Mr. Bernally, of Royal Engineers ; Chas. Hutchinson, Jas. IMcFaddeii and James B. Merrii. During the mont.. of August, 1843, a number of residents were fined for non-performance of statute labor. Joseph Goodwin had to pay 21 shillings. Among a number summoned before the Board to show why they (lid not ])ay the taxes of 1842-3, was Lieut.-Col. Pritchard, who was fined 23A slulling,s, and George Washington, o4i shillings. The amount of collection roll for year ending Jan. 1, 1846, was £lJ54 7s, of which foo ;!s. Id. are credited to absentees, £34 Is to taxes remit- ted, and £9 l.js. (id. bad debts, leaving the net amount collected £555 7s. 5d. COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 245 In NovemlMir, 1848, a note of £450, issued by the ('oimcil, but iie"()tiati'd by the IJauk of Montreal for individual members of the Council, fell due. The fimds were so low that the Mayor, with Coun- cillors Barker, IMmond and Hennett, were deputed to wait on Manager Hamilton, of the Bank of Ujiper Canada, and borrowed from him a sum suflicient to meet the debt then due. In the fall of 184!) two sets of debentures, each for £800, were authorized to meet drafts due the Hank of Montreal and the Hank of Upper Canada. On Oct. 15, Councillors Harker and Daniel ])ro]wsed tij {iledge £20,000 toward the construction of the Great Wtistern Rail- road. In September, 1850, the subscription was rais(!d to £25,000. In March, 1850, the sum of £2,000 was borrowed by the town I'rum the Hank of Montreal ; £1,000 i)ayable in October following and £1,000 in October, 1851. The assessment on which taxes were to be collected in July, 1851, yielded only £2,041 13s. 4d. At this time the Treasurer held £673, making, with other items, the assets £2,714 l.Ss. 4d. The liabilities were :— Debt, £2,0(10 ; retiuired for schools, £787 10s ; for salaries, £240; ibr fire deiiartment, £50 ; and to fire department in lieu of statute labor, £400, aggregating £3,477 lOs. The deficit was £762 10s. 8d. In March, 1852, debentures for £360 were authorized, being the amount of the town's share of expense in the building of lilackfriars bridge. On March 22 a by-law providing for the issue of debentures for JE5,0(»0 was passed. This sum was necessary to pay debts and make necessary improvements. The debt of London, July 1, 1852, amounted to £7,647 14s. 5d., while the assests were only £791. This sura, with Jth of a penny on the valuation, £2,841 15s. Od., with debentures for seven and ten year.s, £4,014 19s. 5d., would satisfy the debt. In January, 1852, delxMitures for £2,000 were authorized. A review of the debenture debt of London in August, 1853, shows £5,000 issued in 1852, to consolidate old debts and for building school house; £5,50(1 for drains on King and Dundas streets; £2,000 for en- largement of Covent Garden Market ; £2,000 for drains on Richmond, Dundas and Clarence streets; £900 for Firemen's Hall; £20,000 for enlargement of Covent Garden Market and erection of Town Hall and Market House ; £6,500 for drains on York and Richmond streets ; £25,(I(J0 to Great Western Kailroad Co.; £25,000 to Lonilon & Port Stanley Railroad ; £2,500 to London Gas (Jo., aggregating £94,400. The liabilities to June, 1854, amounted to £27,871 Us The expenditures of the town of London for the vear ending Dec, 1854, were £74,101 I3s. Ud. This included £50,000 paid to the Port Stanley Railroad Co. The amount required to meet expenses for 1854-5 was £5,881 12s. Ud. This sum included £2,514 interest due on £41,900 debentures within that period. The ex|'""ses fm' 1855 amounted to £14,831 14.s. Od. For the year 1856, the, ere £38,385 OS. 4d., together with £5,300 paid the county as the award of arbitrators. 246 IIISTOKY OK IIIK The act of July 1, 1856, eiiii)f)W(M'od tlio city to hnmnv £63,000 to con- solidate the debt and for otluu' i)ur})ose3. A by-law to ))rovi(le tor tlie issue of £63,000 debentures was jjassed St^ptoiubiir 16, IS56; tiic ubject beiu*,' to consolidate the city debt. The words dollars and cents are made use of for the first titno in the city records of .lanuary 25, ISo.S. At this time the lireinen asked the Council to grant ^5 to the fire company first re])orted at a fire. The ostin'iates for the fiscal year 1S58-9 called for £20,824. The total liabilities of the city in Auf,nist, 18(10, \V(^re jilaced at £4'.i,ll5l), and the estimate of ex])enditures for 1861 was i)laced at 81 10,8(j(;. Tn 18(;."., I). Macfie, chairman of finance committee, reported that " a loss havinj,' already been sustained this year, owiny to tht; resoiii- tion come to by this Council to take silver at ])ar, or its face value, from the market clerk, as well as in payment of taxes : your conunittee would now recommend this Council not to take silver for or on account of any debt whatsoever due to the city, at any rate hiijher than tlnit allowed by the })anks." The estimates for 1864 were $i(2,0O2. The estimates for expenses during the fiscal year 1866-7 were placed at 894,760. The debentures sold in 1872 under the Consolidated Act amounti-d to SoO.OOO; in 187:!, to 83,500; in 1874, $r>4,600, and, in Is;,'., 8114,366.74, or a total of 8225,466. 74. Seven per cents, to retire six ])er cents to Church Society due in 1876, were issued for 880,2(i6.e lluit the _ in the liised to in thi Ided the 111, to be [i, 1856. ain the Uted to ir. Bow- Id, aiul a icsdliition to iiiquiic into tliom jMisscd by tlio Council. Tlio inquiry was instituted, iind ii coinniittoL', of wliicli I*. N. Nonis was chiiirniun, rejK)itc'd fully on tlit; subjuct. Kiulv in l.S.'iS (Jlmrles Hutchinson asked tho Council what amount would till) city ac(H!|it for its claim on the Port Stanley road. 1*. N. Norris, of the lluilroad Coniniittuo, replied that the total claims were £1(;2,S5(», and would lie sold for £1 .")U,(»0(), On February 2."), Mr. Hutchinson replied that it W(juld be madness for the Gjuncil to seek a purchaser under the circumsUinces. A Few Traiinddlons. — Municipal loans were granted under tho Hi Vict., Cap. 21', as amended by the; 18 Vict., Cap l:!, 18."i4, from the £l,u()(i,0(tO set apart as the Upper Ci nada Municipal Loan Fund Of this sum the Town of Loudon took £1I.">,S.")(). In December. lS,"i5, tho <.;reat arbitration took place between the county and city, in re tlieir financial relations after the division of Jan. 1. Thomas .Moyle repre- sented the county ; Wm. IJarker, the city, and Tiiomas Shenstou, of Woodstock, common justice. They awarded one-fifth of the stock held in the Tort Stanley and the Great Westiirn Kaih'oiids (.'?2(l,00l)) to the city, which was transferred .inly .'5, IS")?, iind sold by the city to liquidate the taxes of that year. In this deal nothiuj,' was said about interest, and as the stock was issued by the county, the county was liable for interest on the .*20,'.)00, which by June, ].S,")i), amounted to a large sum. The case was carried to the courts, and Justice Draper decided that Middlesex County should pay interest on ^20,000 for 14 years, at the rate uf six i)er cent., although tho new city had the money in its jiossessiou. It is said Frank Cornish carried this case through : whether justice was dealt in the atl'air is another question. The question of aiding railroads, amount of aid, and other questions relating to the fiuancial and executive history of the city, from 1H.")5 to the close of 1HG2, are referred to under direct headings in this chapter, while in the history of the county matters, in which London and Middlesex were concerned, other interesting items find mention. Appointments. — John Doyle was appointed Clerk of the City and of the Police and Recorder's Court, at a salary of £200 per anmim, in 1855. Dr. John Wanless and Dr. J. A. Nelles were appointed cor- onera of the city ; John Brown, city chamberlain ; A. S. Abbott, col- lector; McBride, inspector of weights and measures; and Samuel Peters, engineer. In 1858 Mr. Doyle resigned, when A. S. Abbott, the present clerk, was appointed. In 18.")() F'rancis Smith was appoint- ed Chief Engineer of Fire Department, with John Craig and A. S. Abbott assistants. A. S. Abbott was collector. Dr. A. A. Andrews was appointed medical attendant for the temporary hospital and city, to which Dr. Moore had attended previously. In December, 1858, the question of providing an office for City Assessor McG ill was considered. Council and Transactions, 1S63-S8. — The uames of members and transactions of the Council from the beginning of 18153 to the close of 1879 appeared in the 25th anniversary issue of the Aclvetiiser* *E. A. Hutchinson, writer. 248 HISTOUY OF THE and to that journal credit is now given for the following review : — " It must be remembered tliat when this y)lace received its charter of in- corporation in 1855 it was divided into seven wards, and each ward was represented by two aldermen and two councillors. All were on a level in the Council Chambei", but an alderman possessed a few privileges more than a councillor, such as being a magistrate. In 18()o A. S, Abbott, the present popular city clerk, iield the same position he does now. John IJrown was chamberlain, and William Itobinson was city engineer. Frank Cornish was mayor of the city, and the Council comprised the following gentlemen : — Aldermen — Chas. Stead, Barnabas Wheeler, Samuel McHride, Wm. Begg, Calvin 1). Holmes, .1. J. Spettigue, John Koss, Hugh Stevenson, Daniel Macfie, Simy)son H. Graydon, Paul Phipps, Thomas Peel, Tiionias Partridge and Thomas O'lJrien. Councilmen — Wm. Johnston, James Dcadman, -John B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, David Hughes, Walter Nichol, Alex. Murray, Andrew McConnick, Jesse W. Kapley, John Han'ison, John ("hristie, W Ae Owen, llicliard Thompson and Wm. Wiiud. The first imjwrtant step of the Council of 1863 was to draft a memorial to both Houses of I'arliament, asking f(5r a gi'ant towards maintaining an enlarged hospital in London. Tiie application did not then ])rove successful, but in the end it bore good fruit, and secured LoTidon its present first-class institution. The Council commenced the year with a s])lurge. One of the first items of business was brought u]) by Councillor Nichol, who charged an assessor with wrongfully as,?essing his own pro])erty. In those days jiroperty was assessetl by the rental, and not by the actual value. Nichol charged that the assessor jnit in receipts showing the rental of a certain piece of pro- ])erty to be $48, whereas it was actually §(16. The asse.ssor resigned. There had been serious rumors afloat, even at that early day, about Chamberlain .fohn P>rown's books, and a special committee was ap- pointed to investigate them, together with the recorder. They reported everything all right, although it afterwards turned out tliat there were .serious shortages at that very time. The Council of IHCt'.i were also fiist to introduce a fire limits by-law, which prevented the erection of frame buildings between King and North (now Queen's avenue) .streets. Tlie s(;nsation of the year, however, was an assault com- mitted by Mayor Cornisli on Major Bowles, which led to the with- drawal of the British garrison from London. Rumors were afloat about Bowles and Mrs. Cornish, and Bowles one night at mess, while full of wine, boasted that the rumors were true. The statement was almost immediately conveyed to Cornish, who set out on the war ])ath, iiiul finding Bowles in the Tecumseh House, publicly thrashed him. The total expenses for running the city in lS6o were $82,2!)4.67, of which ^57,44ii had to be raised by taxation oidy. In 1864 Mayor Cornish was re-elected, together with the following Council : — Aldermen — Charles Stead, Barnabas Wheeler, Samuel Mc- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 249 Bride, James Gillean, J. J. Spettigue, David Hughes, John Ross, Alex. Munay, Daniel Macfie, Dugald McPherson, Paul Phipps, Thomas Peel, Thomas Partridge and Thomas O'Jirien. Councilraen — Wm. Johnston, James Deadman, John B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, Wm. Piatt, John Tibbs, Hewitt Fysh, James Percival, Jesse W. Rapley, Thomas Brown, Wade Owen, John Christie, Martin Macnanrara and W. Y. Bruiiton. Aid. McPherson died within a few days after his election, and the members of the Council wore mourning for him for one month. Wil- liam Williams was elected in his stead. Some idea of the primitive condition of London may be gleaned from the fact that at this time London had five constables only, each "getting !?L'50 a year, and the chief who headed this force, received the munificent sum of S^>"0. Early in 1S()4, on the motion of Mr. Brun- ton, forty citizens were sworn in to act as special constables at fires, the regular force being unequal to a task of this magnitude. During 1804- a number of incendiary fires occurred, and the Council offered !?2i)0 for the cajiture of the " fire bug," but it had no effect. The next sensation was the shortage of Wm. Oakley, one of the collectors, in his accounts. Mr. Oakley gave up all his ])roperty, and his sureties, E. J. Parke and D. M. Thom])son, paid the city's claim. Then the cele- brated row between the Council and School Board took place. The School Board asked for Si),000, and the Council allowed them $8,000. The trustees kicked, but it was no use, so they applied to the Judges at Toronto to compel the Council to pay them the Sl),000. It was then towards the end of the year, and before the application was argued a new Council was elected, who gave up the dispute, paid the $1,000, and tlu! case drop])ed. Tlie year 1805 opened in a stormy manner. Frank Cornish and David Glass were the candidates for mayor. The election was so riot- ous, that Mr. Glass denuuided a second day's poll and the calling out of the volunteers to protect his voters. Then on the 3rd of .lauuary, 186;"), London witnessed something she h.is never seen since. Armed troops surrounded every polling booth in the city. Mr. Glass was elected on the .second day's polling. Col. Shauly, who commanded the volunteers, billed the Council for $282.60, and tliere was considerable row before it was paid, as the majority f)f the aldermen believed there was no necessity foi' any display of strength. The account was finally paid under protest. The Council this year comprised the following gentlemen : — Aldermen — Barnabas Wheeler, Jas M. Cousins, Samuel Moliridc, John Cami)bell, David Hughes, John Cousins, John Ross, Ale.x. Murray, Daniel ]\Iacfie, James \N'illiams, Thomas Peel, John Christie, Thomas Partridge, .sen , Thomas Partridge, jun. Councilmen — \Vm. Johnston, .lames l)eadman, .lohn B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, Jas. Reid, John W. Cryer, Hewitt Fysh, James Percival, J. W. Rai)Iey, T. lUowne, Wade Owen, S. Screaton, M. ]\racnamara and W. C. L. Gill. Petitions were by this Council .sent to the Legislature, asking for a central prison and a military school of instruction here, but they bore no fruit. 250 HISTORY OF THE London was overrun with burglars this year, and so bad did they become, that tlie citj' offtired a reward of 8200 for the ca])ture of any one of tliera. The pohce were altogotlier tmeciual to the task, and finally the citizous formed a vigilance committee, and patrolled the streets every night. In the fall of ISli") the (Irammar and Public Schools were united, and the Council a])pointed, as its representatives on the JJoard of Education, Wade Owen and J)r. C. G. Moore. Iti 1866 David Glass was re-elected Mayor, and the following gen- tlemen constituted the (Jouncil : — Aldermen — Barnabas Wheeler, Edward Glackmeyer, Samuel McBride, John Campbell, David Hughes, John Cousins, Alex. Murray, John Ivoss, Daniel iMacfie, Daniel Lester, John Christie, Thomas Peel, Thomas Partridge, jr., Thomas Partridge, sr. Councillors — James Deadman, Emanuel Pavey, John B. Smyth, Oswald Baynes, James Jleid, John W. Cryer, James Percival, Hewitt Fysh, Jesse W. Rapley, George Burdett, Wade Owen, Samuel Screaton, Martin Macnamara and W. ( '. L. Gill. This was the year that the agitation in favor of city waterworks first commenced, and the Council early in February apywinted a coni- inittee to ascertain if i supply could be drawn from Pond Mills. About this time, too, a dog mania s])rung up and readied such jiropor- tions that the Mayor i.jsued a proclamation ordering all dogs within the city limits to be restrained or muzzled. The year 18(36 is memor- able, also, as that of the Fenian Kaid. The British troops, which had been withdrawn from here in 1864, were returned in tlie fall of 18i)5 in anticipation of the raid. The following spring they were sent to the front, as were also the Seventh Battalion, the London Field Battei'y and the London Troop of Cavalry. The citizens tit once got into a panic, alleging that they were left at the mercy of the Fenians. The Government was petitioned for more regular troops, and, on the advice of Col. Bruce, the City Council took the initiative in the formation of the famous " Home Guard." However, the danger drifted past, and on June 11" the boys " returned from the front and were banqueted l)y the city at a cost of S357. In the fall of this year Lawrence Lawra- son was a]ipointed first Police Magistrate of the city of London, at a salary of 81,250. In the year 1867 W. Simpson Smith was elected Mayor for a two- years' term, and the Municipal Act was amended so as to do away with councillors altogether, three aldermen being returned for eacli ward. The chosen of the people were : — Barnabas Wheeler, Edward Glackmeyer, Andrew McCormick, Samuel McBride, John Camjtbell, John B. Smyth, David Hughes, John Cousins, James Durand, Ale.x. Murray, Hewitt Fy.sh, Wm. S. Smith, Daniel Lester, Simpson H. Graydon, Itobert Smith, John Christie, Thomas Peel, Francis Smith, Thos. Partridge, sr., Thos. Partridge, jr , and James Egan. James Durand, having been elected an alderman, resigned his i)osi- tion as chief engineer of the fire brigade, and Samuel Stewart was appointed in his place. Firewood had become very scarce around the COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 251 city nnd had gone tip to some SO or §8 p(!r cord. Charles Hunt and Thomas Swinyard, directors of the Great Western Raihoad, were pub- hcly thanked by the Council when they obtained a supply from Both- well, which greatly redticed the price. This year's Council appointed as one of the assessors the man who a few years before had been impeached by an investigating committee for wrongfully assessing his own jjroperty. In June the Council bought a steam fire engine, but still contimied the volunteer system. The fire engine was manned by fifty citizens, each one of whom received the munificent salary of So jier aimum. But the gi'eat sensation of 1867 was caused by " Slippery Jack." Although he never stole anything, he made himself .so dreaded by entering people's hoases and frightening them, that the Council ollered •SlOd reward for the ca^jtiu'e of "the midnight marauder or burglar, known as ' Slippery Jack.'" Another sensation was caused by a Police Court case in which the Council took a hand. It seems that an officer of the garrison named Cajit. Hugh-sou hired a carpenter to do some work. The caryienter finished the work, and called at the Captain's front door witli the bill. The Cajitain said he wasn't used to having mechanics present their bills to him at the front door, and kicked tlie carpenter out, and .slammed the door after him. Hughson was summoned, but the Police Magistrate let him off on the ground of ignorance of the by-law. Aid. Hughes appealed the case to the Recorder's Court, and the City Council guaranteed the costs. The city, as usual, was beaten in the end. In 1868 ouly one Alderman from each ward retired, the others remaining in office for two or three years respectively, according to the act. Andrew McCormick retired in No. 1 Ward, and was re-elected ; John Campbell in No. 2, and he was also re-elected ; in No. M, Aid. Cousins retired, and was replaced by Wm. Farris ; in N(j. 4, Alex. Murray was re-elected ; in No. 5, Murray Anderson replaced Daniel Lester, and in No. 6 John Christie, and in No. 7 Aid. Egan were both re-elected. A re])ort to the Council .showed that the earnings of the London & Port Stanley Railroad fur 1867, had been S-12,75'.l.91, against S3'.t,l08.2r) ; increase for tlie year, S.">,6ril.66. The total liabilities against the company in 1868 were .?n'.l6,800. This was the time the (piestion of handing the Port Stanley over to the Great Western Railway was fir.st mooted. Aid. F. Smith resigned in March, and George .Macbeth was elected in his stead. About this time, too, the ])eo])le began fo ask for a jKuk, and a committee to select a site was api)ointwl, with Aid. Egaii as chairman. The site they picked out was the ])ro])erty boundetl by IMccadilly street on the north, Car- ling's Creek on the .south, the Sarnia Road fRichinond stre(!t) on the west, and Wellington street on the east. The absuuiity of this site for a public park is ap[iarent now to everyone. The city then was 252 HISTORY OF THE one-third smaller than at present, and that property was much nion; out of the way in 1868 than even now. The recommendation is per- haps explained when it is stated that most of the Land to be bought was designed for park purposes. However, the Council of 1868 were pretty independent, and rejected the committee's report. Further than that, when it was tried to get a bill through the Legislature to sell the Port Stanley to the Great Western Railway, they sent a depu- tation down to the House, and succeeded in defeating the bill. The only other event of importance this year was the final withdrawal of regular troops from London. In the year 1869, all the old members of the Council whose turn it was to retire, were re-elected as follows : — Barnabas Wheeler, John B. Smyth, Walter Nichol, Hewitt Fysh, Simpson H. Graydon, George Macbeth and Thomas Partridg jCn. The Council selected John Christie as Mayor, but in about a month he got tired of the office and resigned. Mr. S. H. Graydon was elected by the Council to fill the vacancy. It was in 1868 the Western Fair Board was organized, and in 1869 the City Council voted $2,000 towards the erection of suitable buildings. The citizens also res])onded liberally, but all the ('ounty Council would give was S500. Miss Eye visited London in the sum- mer, and was entertained as the guest of the corporation. On the l;)t,li of September His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, His Excellency the Governor- General, and some other distingui.shed " nabobs " came to London, and were rapturously received. The Council on the occasion voted $200 for a procession of the fire brigade and fireworks. Col. J. B. Askin died in this year, and the Council passed a resolution of regret at the occurrence. By far the most important matter, however, that came before tlu; people in 1869, was the railway agitation. J. G. Thompson apjilicd for a charter for Thom])Son's air line through Southern Ontario, while the Great Westei'n applied for another charter for the Canada air lino. The Council of London decided to oppose both ; but a ])ublic meeting of citizens declared they would take the least of two evils, and decided to oppose the Canada air line, and let the other go through. Hon. John (Jarling, however, with his usual deep interest in public improve- ments, ignored both resolutions and supported the (Janada air line, and opposed Thom])son's. Both charters went through the House, though, and as a result the County of Elgin has the roads to-day. The lot for the present city registry office was purchased from D. Glass. In 1870 the first matter recorded in the Council minutes is the decision of the Council to attend the funeral of the late Hon. G. J. Goodhue in a body on the 13th of January. The elections this year resulted in the return of James M. Cousins, Samuel McBride, David Hughes, Henry B. Strong, Jesse W. Rapley, Thos. Peel and Thomas Partridge, jr. Mr. S. H. Graydon was re-'jlected Mayor, It turned out that Mr. Rapley wasn't properly qualified, and he resigned. Daniel Lester was elected in his stead. COUNTY OF MIDUhESKX. 253 Fuel became so scarce that the London & Port Stanley Kailroad drew it into the city and sold it by the cord at cost. No citizen could net more than a cord at a time, and as a result the price of fuel fell 25 per cent., and the Council publicly thanked the directors for their consideration. Trouble broke out in the Phoenix J'ire Company, and charges were made against its chief. They were not sustained, and as a result the committee decided to disband the company and reorganize it. No less than two aldermen died this year, viz., Aid. Strong and Aid. Macbeth, the latter very suddenly. Thos. McCorniick replaced the first-named in No. 4 Ward, and John Williams the latter in No. (3. Aid. Egan made another attenqit to get the park located north of (Ireat Market street, but failed. Aid. Campbell, however, got a com- mittee api)ointed to negotiate for the present site of Victoria Park. In 1870, too, the construction of the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad was first mooted. In 1871 there was another change in the mode of election, and in.stuad of one of the three aldermen from each ward retiring each year, all went out of office. The new ( 'ouncil comprised James M. Cousin.s, Andrew McCormick, Duncan C. M.acdonald, John B. Smyth, John C!ami)bell, Joseph Jeflery, Francis E. Cornish, William Starr, John Woods, Hewitt Fysh. Thomas McUormick, Samuel Barker, Simpson H. Graydon, Jesse W. Eajjley, Benj. Shaw, John Christie, Thomas Peel, John Williams, Thos. Partridge, jr., Tho.s. Partridge, sr., and Jas. Egan. Aid. J. M. Cousins was elected Mayor by the Council. By a vote of the ])eople 8100,000 bonus was given towards the construction of the London, Huron & Bruce Eailroad. The Council had this year to pass ii resolution of regret at the death of Simeon jMorrill, first Mayor of the town of London. A bubble which burst in London at this time was the Charing Cross Hotel. It was to be an immense sanitarium near the Forks, at the Sulphur Springs. Its projector, Mr. Duinuitt, invited the Council to attend the corner-stone laying, and fixed a date. The corner-stone was laid, but afterwards the ])roject fell through. It was in this year that the Council let the London & Port Stanley Kail- road practically pass into the hands of the Great Western. Among otlier transactions in connection with this deal was the transference of S70,000 worth of London & Port Stanley Itailroad bonds to W. P. R. Street for S.'),500. The late Bishop Cronyn died on the 22nd of September, and the Council suitably honored his memory. In 1872 the election returns placed the following gentlemen in office: — James M. Cousins, Duncan C. Macdonald, James Mod'at, John B. Smyth, John Campbell, Samuel McBride, Wm. Starr, John Woods, Arch. McPhail, Hewitt Fysh, Samuel Barker, Alex. Murray, Simpson H. Graydon, Benj. Shaw, Jesse W. Rapley, John Christie, John Williams, Benjamin Cronyn, Thos. Partridge, jr., Thos. Partridge, sr., and James Egan. Aid, Campbell was elected Mayor by the Council. The first piece of business was a strong resolution brought in by 264 HISTOKY OF THE Aid. Mofl'at and Smith, coiidomning all who had anything to do witli the sale of the bonds to Mr. Street, and jiroposing legal y)roceediiigs to recover them. The resolution did not pass. It was in this year and in consequence of this deal that the Council introduced the system of holding secret meetings, a practice which lasted until ))ublic opinion became so strong it had to be abolished. But by far the most stfirtling event that occurred in this city in 1 872 was the abduction of Dr. li. Bratton, a Confederate refugee. He was wanted in the States, and an American detective located him in London. He obtained the aid of a citizen and seized the doctor one night while on his way home, gagged him, had a cab ready and drove with him to the station, took a train there and soon had the unfortunate refugee on American soil, passing him oil' on the way as a lunatic who needed restraint. The city Coun- cil at once held an indignation meeting on hearing of the case, and ordered the JNlayur to lay the matter before the Crown. This was done, with the result that liratton was returned to British territory, and the parties in Canada who had a hand in the abduction punished, one getting a couj)le of years' imprisonment. The latter is now a resi- dent of Essex county, while the other still resides in London. The Council minutes of this year contained a resolution of regret at the death of Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald. Lord IJufferin, Governor- General, visited London in the fall of the year, during the Western Fair, and vast crowds came from all jiarts of Western Ontario to see him. Ex-Mayor ALarcns Holmes died in the fall of 1872, and the Council paid due respect to his memory. In 1873 the Council comprised J. M. Cousins, D. C. Macdonald, J. B. Smyth, S. McBride, Arch. ]\IcPhail, L. C. Leonard, Thomas Browne, James Motliatt, Jesse W. l!a])ley, John Christie, John William.s, Benj. Cronyn, Thos. I'atridge, jun., S. H. Graydon, Andrew Mc( 'ormick, V>. Shaw, James Egan, John Beattie, Alex. Murray, Thos. Partridge, sen., and Wm. Starr. Andrew McCormick was elected Mayor. A motion by Aid. Macdonald, seconded by Aid. Smyth, asking the Legislature to amend the law so as to elect .Mayors of cities by direct vote of the people, carried, find Ijore good fruit. Nothing of importance occurred municipally during the year, except some trouble in the fire department, which resulted in the resignation of D. Bruce and the suspension of Chief Wastie, who was, however, soon after reinstated. In 1874 the Mayor was elected by a direct vote of the people, and Mr. B. Cronyn was the successful man. The (Jouncil was composed of D. C. ]\Iacdonald, Col. ]\IoH'att. 11. I'ritchard. John Beattie, , lames Cowan, T. E. Kingsmill, Wm. Starr, Arch. McPhail, Wm. Earris, Alex. ]\Iurray, L. C. Leonard, C. W. Andrus, Jesse W. Ilapley, Geo. G. Magee, John Kearns, John Christie, John Williams, Col. Lewis, Thomas Partridge, sen., Thomas I'atridge, jun., and J. II. Peel. This year the city succeeded in o])taining the Ordnance lands and old buildings thereon from the Government by deeds. Some excitement COUNTY OF MinOLESKX. 2r,5 year, 111 the 10 was, le, and niposod ■lames Favris, ', Geo. Lewis, I. This nd old I ■was causod in 'luly, 1H74, by anotlier row in the fire brigade, in which .some of the Ald(!rnien took a hand During August, Lord and Lady ])iil1erin i)aid a flying visit to the city, lasting simply over night, and the cost of entertaining them amounted to Sl,3'.>r).50. Ill 187") Mayor Croiiyn was re-elected, and the Council consisted of Aldermen I'ritchard, Smyth, Macdonald, James Cowan, A. B. Powell, .riiillips, Starr, Fan-is, TiConard, lliscox, Abbott, Bunn, Browne, Rapley, Williams, Lewis, Egan, Partridge, jr.. Partridge, .sr., and Christie. The erection of iron bridges around the city was commenced this year, Blackfriars being the first. In the early ])art of February John I'lirrell died, and the ( 'ouncil passed a suitable motion of condolence. Ill 187") th(! fire brigade was put on a regular jiermanent basis, Thos. Wa.stie being a))poiiited chief, "to devote his whole time to the city's service," at a salary of SHOO per tmnura. Aid. Farris died in July, and Aid. Dunbar was elected to the vacancy. The City Hospital was completed in 187r)and opened by the Lieutenant-Governor of the Pro- vince. What will seem strange to the average citizen now, several ?iiotions to sell Victoria Park oil' in building lots were actually made in the Council, but defeated. A vote for a water-works .system resulted in the defeat of the by-law this year. In 187() D. C. Macdonald was elected Mayor, with the following Council . — Aldermen Pritchard, Sutherland, Fitzgerald, Thompson, McPhail, Skinner, Hiscox, Ross, Hender,';on, Minhinnick, Rapley, I'rowiie, Christie, Williams, Lewis, McColl, Partridge, sr., Partridge, jr., .loiies, Campbell and Murray. The amalgamation of the Great Western Railroad and London, Huron & Bruce Railroad took place by act of Parliament. In the year 187<) the Crooks Act came before the Legislature, and when the City (,'ouncil proposed to raise the license fees there was a great scene in the Council Chamber. On one hand the licensed victuallers were present, and on the other hundreds of ladies, clergymen and temper- ance i)eoi)le. John Carling and others spoke in the li(iuor interest, and Rev. R. W. Wallace, Rev. Mr. Murray, Rev. James Graham, Dr. Oronhyatekha and Rev. J. Rice for temperance. Temperance carried the day, or rather the Council, by one vote 11 to 10. In 1877 Robert Pritchard was selected by the people as Mayor, and the following aldermen were elected : — Messrs. Sutherland, Gray, Campbell, Fitzgerald, Thompson, Murray, Jones, Skinner, Regan, McNal), Hiscox, Minhinnick, Browne, Rapley, Christie, Williams, Boyd, Egan, Partridge, jiin., and Partridge, sen. This year the Council pro- vided the necessary funds for the erection of the High School building, which is now the Collegiate Institute The year 1877 also saw the memorial " rumpus " on the police force, which resulted in the resignation of Chief Wigmore. A by-law for the construction of the ])resent waterworks, at a cost of S;;}25,00(), was submitted to the people on Dec. 14, and carried. In 1878 Col. Lewis was returned as Mayor, together with Aid. 17 256 HISTORY OF THE Campbell, Smyth, Tliom]).son, Muiiiiv, Powell, Ilo<,'an, Skiiinm-, Stviiitrcr, McNab, Kddlostdii, Kneiileysidi', (Uass, lia])ley, Browne, Christie, Wil- liams, Vining, Kgaii, Thos. I'eel and J. K. Peel. On the minutes of the second meeting of this year is n^oonled the following : — " Aid. Thompson gave; notice that he would move at the next meeting, that in order to elevate the standard of this ( 'ouncil, the ]>roceedings be ojjencd in future with jirayer, and that ex-Monk Widdows be engaged as; c;hai)lain for the Poard, and that the Salaries Committee be reiiuestod to report the amount to be paid for his s])iritual services, etc." Tlie late K. W. Hyman, one of London's fir.st Water Commissioners, died on the 12th of April of this year, and the Council held a sjiecial meetinj,' to pa.ss a resolution of regret, and attended his funeral in a body. In 1871' Col. Lewis was re-electcnl Mayor. The aldermen were Robt. Pritchard, John Cami)l)ell, James Muirhead, W. W. Fitzgerald, A. 1). I'owell, A. K. Thom]).son, Wm. Skinner, Samuel Stringer, Cliurles Taylor, Geo. Eddleston, B. W. Greer, Geo. T. Hiseox, -lames Ar'ell, Graham Glass, Geo. Gray, Wm. Scarrow, John Williams, John Boyd, .1. 1». Peel, James Egan and John l>aynor. Water (Jommissioners — Hon. John Carling and J. R. Minhinnick. Ex-Mayor William Siniji- son Smith died in June of this year, and the Council attended the funeral. In September, I87'.>, the Manjuis of Lome and Princess Louise visited London, and it cost the city SI, 244 to entertain them. In 1880 Alderman Camjjbell was elected Mayor, being oi)posed l)y Minhiimick. liaynor and Lewis, Water Commissioners. 11. Pritchard, E. Meredith and James Muirhead, Aldermen of the First Wanl ; K. S. MuiTay, A. K. Thom])son and James Cowan, of the Second; ('. Taylor, J. W. Jones and Wra. Skinner, of the Third ; \V. Milroy, Geo. T. Hiseox and W. H. Hooks, of the Fourth ; N. Wilson, T. Browne and Graham Glass, of the Fifth ; W. Scarrow, J. Boyd and W. D. Buckle, of the Sixth ; and Thomas Peel, J. D. Sharman and Win. Wyatt, of the Seventh Ward. Thomas Carling died in February, iind the Council passed a resolution of condolence and attended the funeral in a body. It was decided by the people, with 9'.\ maj(jrity, to sell tiie Exhibition Grounds ; but the Council subsequently backed down ami didn't carry out the peojile's wishes. The laying of cedar block pave- ment was commenced this year. In 1881 the municipal elections resulted in the choice of J. Camp- bell for Mayor, his vote being 1.413, while Mr. Lewis received 1,095. James Muirhead and A. B. Powell were elected Water Conmiissioners. 1,301 votes were recorded for the sale of the Exhibition Grounds and 1,435 for the sale of Salter's Grove. The Aldermen elected were Robert Pritchard, John B. Smyth and James H. Wilson, First Waiil; Stephen O'Meara, James Cowan and Robert S. Murray, Second A\'iivd ; John W. Jones, Francis Love and Samuel Stringer, Third Ward ; Geo. T. Hiseox, Benj, Higgins and Wm. Milroy, Fourth Ward ; Lewis Adams, Thomas Browne and Graham Glass, Fifth Ward ; John l^oyd, Wm. D. Buckle and Wm. Scarrow, Sixth Ward; Thos. Partridge, jr., J. D. Sharman and Wm. Wyatt, Seventh Ward. COUMY UK MIDDLEbKX. 257 i; ^" Geo. I'owiie W. D. Will, ■y, and funeral sell the wu ami pave- Camp- d 1,095. sioiiers. nils and tl were tWai'd; 1 Ward; d; Geo. Lewis 111 l'>oyd. Ivkl'-e,.)!'- In 1882 Edmund Meredith was elected Mayor ; G.S. liirrell, C. B. Hunt anil K. Pritcliard, Aldermen for First Ward ; C. S. Hyman, R. S. Murniy and O'Meara, Second Ward; J.W.Jones, W. Skinner and (.'. Taylor, Third Ward ; Thomas Beattie, John Ferguson and B. Hig- {jiiis, Fourth Ward; T. Browne, S. Crawford and J. H. Minhinnick, Fifth Ward ; John Boyd, W. 1). F.uckle and Talbot Macbeth, Sixth Ward ; Harry lU'cher, thoiiias re(;l and J. 1). Sharman, Seventh Ward. John IJrown, born in Ireland in 1 807, .settled at London in 1S8'J; sulmeiiueiitly kei)t store at St. Thomas ; returned to London, and in 1835 was ri member of St. John's Lodge, A. F. & A. M. In \H')2 he was appointed City Treasurer, and for thirty years filled that jiosition, until death called him in 1882. In 188.'^ a few changes were made in ward representatives, but the Mayor retained his oflice. In 1883 Messrs. Birrell, Labatt, Hunt, Hyman, O'Meara, Cowan, Skinner, Stringer, Browne, Boyd, liecher and Moore formed the Council. In 1884 the city elections resulted in tiie choice of (J. S. Hyman for Mayor by (120 majority. J. M. Cousins and John Kayiior were elected Water Commissioners. The Aldermen for Ward I were re-elected ; Messrs. O'Meara, Cowan and Beattie were elected in the Second ; in the Third Ward Thomas C. Hewitt replaced Browne ; in the Fourth J. S. Niven and W. Scarrow re])laced Boyd and Moore. H. Becher lieaded the poll. At this time the by-law establishing a free library was adopted. In 1885 Henry Becher M'as cdected Mayor, receiving 1,755 votes, while his opponent (Hi.scox) received 1,1()4. .Messrs. HiiTell, Hewitt and li'aynor, candidates for Water Commissioners, received 1.771, l,ti:>;'. and 1,456 votes respectively. The Aldermen who received the highest number of votes were George Watson, H. ( ". Green and Chas. Taylor, First Ward ; Stejilien O'Meara, Jas. Cowan and C. A. Iviugston, Second Ward ; Samuel Stringer, Joseph Hook and Thomas Browne, Third Ward; W. Scarrow, T.I). Hodgens and John (Christie, Fourth Ward. The by-law to abolish the office of Water Commissioners was voted down: 407 for; l,0(i9 against. Tlie Viy-law for sale of the Fair Grounds was carried : for, 1,729; again,st, 1,114. In 188IJ the city elections resulted as follows: — Mayor, T. D. Hodgens (1,()4.S), AV. Scarrow (1,375) and James Cowan (6:!0); Water Coiiimis.sioners, Hewitt (1,977), Birrell (1,955) and Cousins (1,899). The Aldermen elected were : — For Ward 1 , George C. I )avis, George Watson and Charles Taylor; Ward 2, S. O'Meara, Alex. McDonald and Charles A, Kingston ; Ward M, S. Stringer, Joseph Hook and Thos. Browne ; Ward 4, M. D. Dawson, Joshua Gairett and John Boyd ; Ward 5, George Heaman, J. W. Bartlett and John Nutkins. In 1887 James tJowan was chosen Mayor, defeating W. Scarrow by 1)02 votes, the figures being 2,270 and 1,308 respectively; Messrs. Hiscox, Muirhead and Cowan were elected Water Commissioners; 258 IIISTOKY OK TIIK wliilc tlic liy-Iiiw, thrill it ill",' a loan ol' !?7"',UU() to the Southeiisti'i'ii Iliiil- I'oad ('oiiijiiiny, was carried— lor, l,'.!.")?, contra, :>L",> ; majority, 1,G2S. The aldermen re-elected were 13avis, ('. Taylor, McDonald, Strin}»i.'i', Hook and Heaman ; the new members were .larvis, Greer, Moule, Bowman, Moore, Vininj,', (ivu. Taylor, Dreaney and Mcintosh. In IHHH the Council comprised Wm. Wyatt, John Heaman, Tims. Connor, Sti^jihen O'Meara, John Callard, John Moule, \V. H. Winuetl, Wm. Skinner, Wm. Jones, (. A by-law appointing Mayor Cowan, E. Pritchard and A. I>. Powell as the City of London Trust, was passed Aug. 2'.», 1888. Fire Deparfvwnt. — The Vohinteer Fin; Brigade dates its organiza- tion back to 1842. It was originated by Simoon .M(aTill, George .1. (ioodhue and High Constable Groves. They succeeded in having n by-law jjassed by the Di.strict Council of which William Balkwiil was president, compelling every householder to kee]i a fire bucket made of leather, painted black, and hung in a convenient jilace in each house. Cowhide dii)])ers, as they were called at that time, were inspected regularly by Caiit. Groves, who was for many years at the head of the fire organization. It was a funny sjiectacle to see eacli man with a bucket running to a fire, and then fonu in line at sdine well, passing the buckets along the line, up ladders, to the tire ; but, ludicrous as it was, good work was often done, and valuable projierty saved by these pioneers. lu the year 1844 G. J. Goodhixe purchased an engine which wiis COUNTY OF MHIKLKSKX 25t> simply a sfirdeii spr'iikler. The arrival of this wonderful piece of niachinory was the occasion of the first coini)any being organized, hy Cii)it. (ivnves. They ran this little tub with a company of old citizens, aiitl did good work with it until the occasion of the great fire of Ajn-il 1 1 , 1845, when, after a minute's work, it was abandoned, and disapjjearcd in a general ruin. The conii)any purchased two I'erry hand engines from a Montreal house, which tliey used for some time. Their first stciamer was purcha.sed in ISiiT. U])on tlui organization of I'haMiix Com- ])any, S. Mcliride was the first ca])tain ; Kdmund Heltz, first lieutenant, and D. S. Perriii, second lieutenant. This company was com])o.s('il principally of young men M'ho were very active and took a delight in sports, and would often go over into the States to a firemen's tourna- iiient, frequently winning first prizes, and was counted the best depart- nuMit in existence at that time. The comi)any who got to the fire first were awarded ])rizes against other companies in tlui city ; and it was very laughable, as well as exciting, to see them getting to a fire, and was often dangerous. John Kolfe was Captain of No. 4, Kescue, hook and bucket company. From the start of this company, the name was cluinged s the department was made u]) as follows: — Chief EnginetM', .Ino. Hunter; assistant, Chas. Cater; second assistant, Jno. McDowell. Phcvnix No. 2 — 6(1 men — Daniel Perrin, captain ; Donald McDonald, first lieutenant ; Geo. Wheeler, second lieutenant ; James Findlater, third lieutenant ; Wm. Loughrey, rejiresentative. ikCscue No. 4 — (iO men — .lolm Gilwon, captain ; John Cavanagh, first lieutenant; Tims. Langan, second lieutenant ; Timothy Flinn and John Slieaii, repre- sentatives. Hook and Ladder Comjiany — 40 men — Wm. Abraham, captain; S. Gilison, fir,st lieutenant; Wm. Bradshaw, second lieu- tenant ; J. P. O'Pyrne and Wm. Graham, repr(\sentatives. Many of London's leading busin(!ss mem at jiresent were at one time volunteer firemen of this city. Geo. Taylor, Samuel McBride, James Durand, Sanuiel Stewart, Ed. Beltz, A. S. Abbott, Geo. Jackson, Eichard Wig- more, A. Grant, and many others were on the volunteer fire brigade in old days. In December, 1872, a Babcock fire extinguisher was intro- duced, and with this new departure a motion to abolish the volunteer fire d{>iiartment, and create a regularly ]iaid fire brigade, was made. As the city grew, a volunteer brigade with hand reels could not protect it ; and in 1S67 the Phoenix steam engine was purcha.sed. The volnnteia- system, however, continued in force until 1S73. Thomas Wastie, chief for some time previous to that, instituted the permanent system, and was the first chief of the paid department. Prcmnt Depmivunt. — The fire department of to-day dates back to Ajnil 1, 1873, when Thomas Wastie was appointed Chief. Two pennanent men beside the chief were only appointed at first in 1 87."), viz., Oliver Richardson, driver, and David Bruce, engineer. There were fourteen call men appointed, at SlOO each. They were James 260 HlSTDIiV OK THK Fiiitllatcr, .Inlm V. Doyli*, 11. Womuicolt, Patrick (lli'usoii, Thomas lliclianlsoii, (K'k. Till, DiUiiel Sullivaii (killoil slmrtly iil'lur wards in an iiccideiit at Hytuan's tannery), Harry Boyd, .lohn MaiMivor, .loscjili lieevi's, Harry I'ratt, .lolni lioe, Alex. Harvey and Uidiard McHridi'. Dnrini; tlie yt-ar I87"» tliori; wero I'M fins alarnl^^, btnn^' .SO over 1874. 107 tires were attrilmtt'd to inoondiariivs, and ill fires to otlior ('au.ses. On tlnt'o occasions there wore two tiros ra^iiii,' at the same time. TIik most danjienms was lliat of June I J, IHT"), on Maitland stnnit. Dur- ii)j,'tho year IS l)ricl< linildiii;:;.", wen; on fire, ont! I lein;; totally destroyed; liT wooden Imiidin^s were totally destroyed, and 04 jiartially dci.stroyed. The deiiartnient was made np of JO men. in LS7."i the fire alarm system was jiut in, and ui I S79 the introdnntion of the waterworks did away with tiie old I'luenix .stciiiner, which was sold to Middle- brook, Ont., in ISiSil. No H stc-ain enj^ine was [(in'<;liased in 1873, tim same make as first steanutr, beinj,' a doiibl(! pnmp and cylinder. This enyine was sold to IVtrulea. The reconl of fires from 1877 to .Inly I, JSSS, is as follows: 1S77 .'.li ISSO .50 IHS.! 77 ISSti 7r> 187s ;-.2 1881 . 91 1881 71 1H87 !W 187(» r.(i 1882 70 188.". 7:3 1888 3;i At the jtresent time, with fourteen |)ermaneiit and six call men, tliu bri, Caji tain Till and other members of the fire dei)artment resigned, wiieii il was ordered that the key of the engine-house, together with all ajipiiri- tus belimging to the engine, trumj)ets, buckets, etc., etc., be exaniiiuid by Thomas Frazer, and jilaced ki possession of the village clerk. By- law No. 50, i)ass{Hl innuediately following the resignation of the lire company, ja'ovided that nt>t moi'e than six pounds of gunpowder sluill be kejtt in any store or dwelling, and that not more than thirty pounds shall be kept m any out-building near such dwelling-house o" stove. In July, Alex. Lowrie was summoned for making a fire on Talbot street, and had to pay nine shillings and ninepence for violation of In- law. Henry Groves was chosen Captain of the fire dei)artment, August 23. He was ordered to procure some necessaries for the company, but COUNTV OF MIDDLKSEX. 261 iinthiiiK over tho value of five shillings without a spocial instruction fidiii till! lioanl. Till) tliiL'ct i)ay was twuiity-five shillings to the corn- iiiiiiy for every fire, chitnneys excei)te(l. The constable reported £4- I Is. ."xl. received from ex-fire-('a])tain Till. John Gray received a box (it lucifer matches Sei)tember 9, and on th(( same day the village Hoard okIltimI '• that the box bo removed to some distant out-house, as the Hoiinl considered the same unsafe to be kept in a store." Very string- ent laws were ado))ted about this time to provide against fire. Thorap- ,s(Hi Wilson, barrack-master was charged by the Ins])ector of London, with allowing the chimney in the brick barracks to catch fire ; but the case was dismissed by the Police Hoard. Another item going to show tli(! existing fear of fire, is by-law oo, which ])rovided " that any per- sons who may open any of the })ublic tanks or draw water therefrom, except in case of fire, should be fined not less than five shillings," Anthony Gale was fined five shillings for allowing his chimney to take tire in December, 1S43. William Marshall was appointed town chim- ney swoi:per, and Inspector Whittimore was instructed to see that every house and shop had its share of fire buckets in 1H44. Fire had tiiken such a hold of the public mind, that a large meeting was held to organ- ize a hook and ladder company. The Hoard, agreeable to the opinion of the people, sanctioned this organization and appointed Samuel H. I'ark, captain ; Patrick McLaughlan, first lieutenant ; Alex. Lowrie, second li(!utenant ; and Alex. S. Armstrong, secretary. In February, summary proceedings were taken against John Burke, for refusing to aitl in extinguishing a fire. In January, 1845, the fire engine was taken to Peter McCann's house, he agreeing to keep it sjvfe at ten .shillings per month. John Birrell was aUowed £35 (Is. 4d. for laying new sidewalk on Dundas street, the former walk Ixiing destroyed by the fire of October, 1844. August 31, 1846, a fire engine was ordered from James McKenny, (Quebec, and the same to be paid for by a check on the Hoard at one year, with interest. In September, new tanks were erected at the corners of Talbot and Richmond streets and Dundas. In April, 1847, E. P. Ellis, treasurer of the Fire Company, pre- sented an account of £13 os. Od. Peter McCann, first lieutenant of Five Company, also i>resented his account. In August, John Gurab was ordereil to deliver 30,()0U brick at £1 per thousand, for the purpose of building an engine house. A 70(i-pound bell, the same exhibited at the Hutl'alo, N. Y. fair, was ordered from A. Good at 12 cents ])er pound, S14 for the yoke, and §5 for the wheel. In (October, 1848, this was the first and long- looked for fire-bell of London, a trumpet being its predecessor for alarm puri)oses. The Council ])assed a by-law forbidding the erection of wooden buildings where old buildings were burned, June 16, 1849. On Jan. -1, lU'unett's resolution to form a Town Protective Society, to take charge of all goods in case of fire, was carried. In March a by-law for 262 HISTORY OF THE Jtl! J* m the govemnient of the Fire Department was passed. In December it providec' for tlie employment of a cliief engineer, first and second assistant engineers, a cajjtain for eacli engine, hook and ladder, linst; and pro])erty ])rotection comj)any, one first and second lieutenant, oiu; secretary and one treasurer. 1"he engine comjiany was limited to sixty members, and the other companies to forty members, Win, Goodwin was secretary. The nomination of Simeon Morrill chief, and I'etor McCann and John Plummer assistants, was confirmed. In May, \S')U, a sum of £250 was granted t purchase a fire engine capable of throwing water fifty feet high. A motion by (Councillor Darker, made in 1H52 to permit the volun- teer "ifle company to wear side-arms while attenuing fires was lost. \ lot on the north side of King street was ])urchased from Alex. Mc- Donald, and on it an engine house was built. The Council, in Fcib- ruary, a])]Jointed the cajitains of several fire companies. A board of fire wardens elected Elijah Leonard chief engineer, with William Row- land and -Fames Cousins second and third engineers. Each warden was to wt, ar a Kossuth hat with ])lumes. In August, JS.'iS, the Council resolved to raise £'.)0(l by debentures, for building the firemen's hall and engine-house. In JMarch, 1804, the fire brigade was jiresided over by C. N. Simms, chief, with J. E. Murphy and Francis Smith, first and second engineers. The fire companies of 1S.")7 were Fire King, Hook and Ladder, Phoenix, Defiance, liescue and liising Sun. The oificers of the Hook and Ladder Company of 1851) were : — Charles Stevens, captain ; Williiun Abraham and Charles Flew, lieutenants ; John S. Mcarns, secretary, and D. McPherson, treasurer ; the last two named being representa- tives to the Fire Brigade Board. Fires, 1844-i'^^^- — The following record of fires is based solely on contemporary liistory, such as the Council journal and newsi3ai)er file.s. The first reference to fires in this journal is mat "n January, 1X44, when the Police Board ordered twenty-five shilling. be paid to the fire company for services rendered at the burning of John O'Brien's house. John Jennings' distillery was destroyed by fire, Ajn'il 14, and the Board oilered a reward of £25 for the conviction of the incendiarv. in October the police office was used as a store-housi; for goods rescued from the fire of that wouth. The ^ioard further thanked Captain Caddy for £10 subscription, being the proceeds of one night's enter- tainment by the Garrison Theatricfd ( 'ompany. This sum was equally divided between Leonard, Perrin, Thom; Clark, Veitch, Faulds and Edmunds, they being the principal sufferers from the fire. Samuel H. Park was paid £2 1 7s. (id. for the use of teams during the fires. Peter McCann was allowed £4 1 Os. for men on duty during the fire. The fire of April 11, 1845, which either washed or wafted awuy some three hui'.dred stores, dwellings, churches, banks, post-oflice, hotels, etc., was the most disastrous known in London, it originated COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. in tliii ]!ol)insoii Hall, and spread with aiiiaziii for services as en- jfineer, while £:> 18s. 3d. wei'e allowed to the oamjiany for services at the huiiiiii;.,' of i\Irs. Slie]iherd's house in April, 1847. Amony the ))ersons ])aid for services at the fire of Jan. 15, 184'.l, wen; (jcorgc Taylor, (Jh.vrlos Hine, \Vm. Winslow, Richard Bissett, Joshua Freckleton, Wm. Lamont, Peter VV"rii,'ht and Hemy Hoyd, each receiving five .shillings. The investigation into the origin of this fire, which d(;stroyed Donald McDonald's store and Joseph Goodwin's dwelling adjoining, sliowed that Jtobert Gunn discovered the fire un January IG the Council ])re.sented a record of their vote of thanks, printed in gilt letters and neatly framed, to the young men Burwell, Schrain and vVill Burns, " for their iiitrei)id and jiersevering conduct in arresting the jirogress of the lamentable lire." i)uring this fire Mr. Burke's house was ])ulled down unnecessarily. The burning of Henry Dalton's soap factory, Jan. 30, was accidental. The following entry is made in the records of the Council : — " The chief engineer reported to the Council that he had offered a reward of £") to the I'luenix Fire ( 'omjiany, if .said ( 'oni]iany would .save a certain wooden building which was in danger of being c(msiim<'d l)y fire on the morning of May 28tli." Notices were given uhat a])plication for pay- ment of this sum, and also of XI to Mr. Molme.s's Fire Com])any, would be made at next .session of Council. The fire originated in Reynolds's butcher .shop, also used by cabinet-maker Alhni, a brother in-law of Reynolds. This resulte originated in Thomas Craig's office, and resulted in tin; destruction of Adam Hope & Co.'s hardware stock and store. Tlie military engineers saved the books. The second fire was in their new store, where Ste])lien.son's .store now stands, oi^iosite the City Hotel. At this time Warren's, Chisholm'a and Hope's stores were destroyed In I.S6."» a fire destroyeil all the buildings between the stores of E. Beltz and It. Reid ; subse([uently the vacant lot was piu'chased by J. (ireuii, f(ir the piu'pose of building thereon a dry goods warehouse. During tlie operation of clearing out the old ruins, one of the walls fell, ciU'iying down l^eltz's hat store and Mrs. Egan's property. The fire of May 2kii destroyed Elijah Leonard's old foundry on Ridout and Ful- larton ; idso DeTuiis O'Connor'.s dwelling. Owing to the fact that the uiiicliinery and material were removed to the new f(jundry, Leonard's loss was snudl. Tliom]i,s; Stewart and Kiidd's dw(dling and barns, $2,r)00 ; barn adjoinint; factory, SalM); McKellar & Stewart's wa|,'on factory, SG.dOO'; McKellar's" dwelliii<,', S1,(K)0; Waddell's cottage, Sl,20(); Western Hotel stables and contents, S-'.Oi 10 ; Grey's plow factory, $oOO ; Magee's block of six dwellings, !?-!,6()l) ; Gillean's building damaged; also Mrs. Darby's, Hardwood's carpenter shop, Peel's marble works, liichardson's car|)eiiter shop, P. Weston'.s dwelling and other buildings damaged. The los.ses amounted to S4(),0()6. M. & E, Anderson's foundry, Adcdaide and Dundas streets, was blown uj) Sejitemlier 21, 18t)S, kdling one man and wouudini; seven. Twelve years before the Anderson foundry, then on Kiclimninl and Fullarton streets, met with a similar fate, when a number of live.s were lost and a number wounded. The fire of l)ecend)er 29 destroyed the grocery house of Frank Smith & Co., the loss being eistimated at aboiit $40,000. The fire of Jan. 6, 1869, originated in Finlayson's dry goods store, on Dundas, and gutted that store. In saving adjoining projierty miicli damage was done, the total losses being placed at S3O,0OO. .loliii White's hotel, on North street, was partially destroyed by fire also in January. Thomas Hodgens's wagon sho]), on Eichmond and Market, was destroyed by fire February 1 1 . The fire of June 7 destroyed Bullock's dwelling and slaughter-house on King and Kectory streets, near St. Paul's Cemetcny. The Canada Chemical Works were burned in Sejjtember. The Ontario Chemical Works, on London lioad, were destroved October 12, involving a loss of §1."),000. Win. McMillan's oil refinery, on Bathurst, east of the Grand Trunk Railroad depot, was gutted by fire November 3-4. The house of Wm. Smith, near the Catholic cemetery, was burned November 26. The act was im]nited to Mary Hawkins, whose love was not recii)rocated. A tavern at the corner of Richmond and Litchfield streets was burned December li. The tinshop of L W. C. l')aker was burned January "», 1870, entailing a loss of S2,50(). The other jn'operty destroyed was A. John- ston's building, Sl,400 ; Hiscox's hotel, $1,1)00; T. Powell's furniture, $500; Mrs. Trebilcock's stock, about $600; Goldner & Hooper's, about $:500; Dr. Westland's furniture, $;iOO, and Benj. Higgins's building, $300— in all $7,500. The O'Callaghan and Elson frame building, which stood on Richmond street, oj)posite the City Hall, was burned January 21. Elson's butcher shop, Mountjoy's fruit store, Henry Taylor's bank and Burke's jihotographic rornns were in the building. The house was erected about 1841, and f,n' ten years was used by the Wesleyan Methodists for church purposes. The fire on COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 267 (li'.lu<,'e(l ■k Htrcct 5 t'limiiiiii liiiu; WHS )i)(i. A. (1 I'uuU's McKclhir SI, 000; ^!?-i,0O0; ;, i?:'.,00O; cav]ientev )Uiitc(l ti) as streets, wouiuliiiL; llicllIIKillil er (if lives di'stroyeil tiiuatoil at )ods stove, >ei'ty mncli M). .Idlm re also in ul ic ^larket, (istroyed streets, ■G burned 111, were Milliin's e])ot, was near the imiuited •11 at tlie her I'). :>, i«7(», A. -liilni- furniture, Huoiier's, HiLiS-'iiis's soil frame Hall, was ruit stove, ve. in tlie years was he fire o" jiiikc !in(l Cartwriylit streets, f)f Feliruary 2l', destroyed jirojierty valued at S2,nO0. A. (trahain's barn, and Januis Anderson's and Mrs. Heiinessy's cotta<:;es were destroyed. The grocery store of Michael (ileeson, on liichniond and Hatlmrst streets, was destroyed l)y fire Veliruarv L'7. The children narrowly escajied death. The petroleiiin works of Kiii^lehart \- Co., on Adelaidi; street, were destroycul by fire February L'4. Oliver (.)dell was burned to a crisp, and others severely injured. A second exjilosi-in at Kiiglehart's works, April !•, entailed a loss of SS'J.OOO; and a third on May '2'->, ISTtl, damaged jiroperty valued at S!0,0Ot). Macniillaii & Latham's oil still exjdoded August 11, Tlie ex]iIosion at Stead wells' refinery April 2'J, ]S72, cau,sed the death of .Io.se]ih Ellis and .1. Weaver, while on DeciMiiber olst young llus,sey was killed in Elliott's foundry. The, burning of Mrs. Howard's child at the barracks occurred Sejiteniber 13, 1872, S. Adams & ('o.'s oil stills were damaged by explosion in June. In Novemlier, the frame buildings near the Terrajiin restaurant on Dundas strciet were des- troyed by fire. Mrs. S. A, (;lil)bfins, whf)se fancy goods store was in one, and (Jeo, Shaw, who had a grocery in another, suil'ered some loss. The old liuildings were on the site of the jiroposed l)uildiiigs of W, J. l!eid&('o. In December, the Victoria Hotel stables on Duke and \\(dliiigt()n streets, with the dwellings of A\'m. Noden and Mrs. lous, were burned. On the morning of December lOth the old frame pa.s- ])enger de]iot of tlu; tJrand Trunk Railroad was destroyed, and on Decendier loth the idd artillery barracks on Wellington sM'eet, The (.'X]i]osi()n of an oil still in the Hodgens refinery, esisi of Ade- laide street, resulted in the destruction of fourteen oil cars. This occurred January 10, 187.'!. Tlie fire of February 8th ilestroyed Kirk- ]alriek'ssh(^i.' store, and Thomas Simmon's fruit shop on Dundas .street. <.)n A]iril IStli the boiler in Hyman's tannery (London) exploded, killing Daniel Sullivan. Geo. Horner, foreman, .ind George Vincent, engineer, were, arrested on the charge of continuing the ii.se of the engine for uioiiths after tiiey knew of the dang(U-ous condition of the safety-valve. The Ontario Car Woi'ks of London were destroyed by fii'e in June, IS74. Tlui total lo.ss of .*80,(I00 was met by an insurance of $05,0(10, The live of June 22 destroyed nine buildings on Iiichmond street, between King and York streets, and on the 27th two frame buiklings on the west side of iiichmond, lietween the streets named, were destroyed. On July 4th two frame buildings on IJathurst, near Clarence, were burned. The fire of Ftibruary 27, 1875, destroyed Muirhead & ttray's oat- meal mills, and also the block on the corner of Dundas and Iiichmond. On .March .'.ll Westlake's dry goods ,store was burned. In August the factories of Nash Sz Jackson and ot White, Yates & Jolill'e were des- troyed. The Golden Quoit Hotel, on Y'ork antl Hurwell streets, was Inirned August MO, 1870, M. Glass was then jiroprietor. The London Iron Works, owiieil by E, Leonard & Sons, were des- 268 IIISTOUY OF THE troytHl by fnv May 4, 1881, (liiit.y yoar.^ alter tlu-ir e.stablislinioiit hy Elijali Ijooiiavd. Seventy iiortablu eiij^iiR's and boiluv.s wen; destroyed, and tbe total loss was j.laced at Sr)(),Ul)0. The works stood on York, between Waterloo and t'olborne, and gavt! employment to eij,'hty-fivn workmen. George Gray and Harry Smith, two fircimen, narrowly eseajied death. Thomas Green's jilaning mill was ilestroyed by fin; September 1 1, entailint,' a loss of .S'J^.UnO. The Globe Agricultural Works on Duiidas street were destroyed by fin; Sep.tember 11, 18S2. The concern was insured for S27,U()i), but the loss was ]ilaced at over S+o.OOO by Mr. Mahon, the matuigcr. The Imperial (Jil Comjiany's works in London East were struck by lightning and destroyed on duly 11, 188:'). The wholesale house of Hobbs, Osborne & Hobbs, was Itlown up by gunjiowder, February IS, 1884. TIk; two u]))ier floors were carricjil away, and fire completed the ruin. Donald Smith was burned to a crisj) ; Percy H. I nee was rescued half crushed and half burned; Frank Shaw and Kiank H. Smith (^sca])ed. The firm carried the heaviest hardware stock in Western Ontario, and lost about !?o;),()tHi. The building was insured for Slli,000, and the stock for ^63,000. The Phirnix Foundry, erected in 1871-2, was destroyed by fire May L"J, IHSn. Five hundred reapers and binders were burned, ami an acre of buildings and material destroyed. John Elliott & Sons, tlie owners, estimated the loss at between S15t),0UU and S2(lt),00(), insured for §02,000. The Canada Chemical Co.'s works were destroyed June 12, 18(^7, involving a loss of i?l 00,000. In 1867 this industry was established here; was burned out in 1870, but rebuilt and carried on a great busi- ness. The fii'e of June 17 broke out in an old frame buildiiiL; on the south side of Queen's avenue, near Talbot street, and destroyed much ])roi)erty. Cousins's ]iump factory on Wellington street, with two stables, -were burned August 5. Hunt's mill, at the foot of Talbot street, was destroyed by fire May 18, 1888. The gutting of the old ^Mechanics' Institute building on Talbot street, opposite »,i>ueeii's avenut^ occurred July 22, ISSS. The oatmeal mill, on thi; corner of Talbot street and the railway, was destroyed, only the bare walls standing, August 20. Vilkttfe and Cifi/ Pulkr. — In the year 1840. Lf)ndoii was cf)n,sti- luted a ])olice village, controlled by a JJoard of Police, with functions similar to those of the Board of Aldermen of to-day. Of that body, which was elective, Mr. Goodhue was chosen the first President. Under this system of rule the village continued till 1847, vIkmi it was created a town with Simeon Morrill as its first Mayor In 18;!4 Lawrence Lawrasoii was appointed a .lustice of the Peace for London, and for over 40 years served as such. In 1860 he was apjtointt'd first Police Magistrate for London, holding the })ositiou until his death in 1882 E. Jones Parke is the jiresent Magistrate. A memorial of military honesty is written under date of May, 184:1. COUNTY OK MIDDI.KHKX. 269 It !ip))i'ai.s (liat I'rivato Jaiiuis llctt, of tlio Royal licj^iiiieiit, found a shawl. Tliis tliu Hoard onlcrnd slioidd " h: cviod tlirough the town V)y the '(ioneval r.rown,' ami yiven w]) to tlio trius owner." In May, 184.'!, a note for £1 1 ."is, ])ayal)le to Thomas ('lill'ord or l)(!arer, liy Nathan (Jhoat, was found on the street and turned over to the lioard. Michael Mc,(iarry was appointed Constable, Town Warden and Insjicctor in An.<,Mist, 1844, vice liennett. In tliost; days the duties of Town Warden and InsjKietor were not always jileasant or safe. On one occasion Lowiie called at Devanny's l)alolicemen, exce])t the higli baililf and in.spectors, be dismissed, was carried; also one jirovidiiiL; that the new ])olice force, consistin<» of tlirei! ])rivates and the high baililf, should receive £20 ])er aimum and usual fee.s, while the in.s])ector was to be i)aid £;)0 ])er aninun. Ez(dli, for St. George's; Annesley Griflith, insjjector; W, Williams, town crier; 11. Jemiings, ])ound-kee])er; and .]. H. Caddy, engineer. On January 21, 184'.), Miriam H. Kowley, while jiassing by his store, observed a light inside ; the ubiquitous I'eter ^Ici 'ann was soon on the scene, when he found Malachi Hart and Michael Young ]ire- paring to sleep in Itowley's bed-clothes. McCann took them to ]jrison, ;uul next day hatl them fined. Daniels moved to have the Mayor and two councilmen also sit weekly as Police Court Magistrates in I84;more was appointed liead of the iletcctive force, cat a salary of SbOO ])er annum. In 18 the force coTisisted of a chief and seven constables. Tiiere were no .'ierneants and no detectives, lirock Stcsvens was chief, havini,' succe(!ded S. I'. Ayers, second chief of the London city ])olice, a year or so before. T. VanValkenburf^h was the first to hold oflice. The <;onstables were Henry I'liair, liobert Mawhinney, Patrick Wallace, John Larkin, William liaskerville, James (lUttrid^e and Jas. riefclier. Three of the above-mentioned seven arc still on the force. Baskerville, who afterwards became serg(?ant-major, is in the city also, and it i,^ , when, throuj^'h sonu; difliculties arising on the force, ho resigned. He was succeeded by Wm. T. T. Williams, the present chief, whopreviou.^ to that time had been a sergeant in the Toronto police force, and had also seen consideraI)le military iioliceand detective service in England and France. The force, as now constituted, comprises one chief, three sergeants, two detectives, and twenty-four police constables. The lul- lowing are the names of the oflicers : — Chief, W. T. '!'. Williams; sergeants, Robt. Adams, Thos. Jenkins and Arthur Maguire ; detectives, Henry I'hair and William Ityder; ]iolice constables, John Larkin, Patrick Wallace, .lames Ilobbins, Jdhn lloyd, Robert Weir, William Pope, Itobert Crawford, Nelson Smith, liobert Egleton, John Morgan, Richard Ralph, David Dibbs, AN'alter Chalcraft, Thomas Nickle, George Camjjbell, Robert Birrell, Thomas Howie, Thomas McDonald, Wm. McGowan, John D. McColl, Michael 'i'ofjhey, Gilbert Woolway, James (iilson and Thomas Whittaker. The force is in a very eflicient state, as Chief Williams niain- t^uns the strictest discipline. For years now " crooks " have worked ,shy of London, owing mainly to the wide-awake character of the city detectives. The detective tlepartmeut was added to the force about 1871 or 1872, Enoch Murphy being the first a])pointed. About 1873 or 1874 fire bugs were burning up tlie city right and left, and Heury Phair was made a detective and is still on the force. Detective Murphy was succeeded by Detective Ryder about three years ''go. m S WHS ;l]i- oiiiIr'V 24, ntcd. ciim- U!S Tiivldl', ;nry I'linir succeiHled 3f Chief of /illiaiiis, of 3 iii)pointed OS. Tliciv liof, liiiviiii; ice, a yuiir )f1ice. The k VViiUiicc, s. Fletclier. 3askei' villi', , ami it is IIS rosii,'ne(i iidoii until mexplained ' eiiijiloycd until 187.">, igned. He ho[)rovious and had Eii,i,'laiid nc'f, three Tho ful- Jenkins am Ityder; )biiis, -Tdhn son Sii'.itli, )s, AV alter 1, Thomas 1, Michael taker, ams main- worked )f the city force about Ibout 1873 md Henry Detective years ^go. ve O u o > H < o m Q to COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 273 Till- 'ithci' two oniecrs, beaidi's Dolcctivo riiair, wlin were on the force ill l(SOil, iuui iire still on it are ratrick Wallace and Joliii Larkiii. Aa stated above, there were no sergeants in IHliil; but now there are three of the most cai»able \xit\ivA'. otlicers in Canada holding these jwsitions. llnliert Adams is the st.'nior, and has seen long service on the force. Thomas .leiduns comes next in seniority, and has been on the force iilioiit twelve! or thirteen years. Hv is also a very capable otlicer, as is Aillnir Maguire, the third on the list, also. Henry Hoyd, for over JO years the city bell-ringer of London, died ill Dec, 1.S72. Years before, while on the jiolice force, he was beaten 1)V soldiers, from the effects of which he sulVered until bis death. Richard Dinahan, who was caretaker of the City Hall for os^er 17 veins, was presented an engr(j.ssed cojjy of the (,'ouncil's resolutions on his resignation in .Jan., iy7-"'>. Kobert Mawhinney, who died in 1(S8H, held tile position for years. Henry Merritt succeeded. Town-Crier Williams was the tii'st, and for a long time the oidy advertising medium London ])ossessed. lie would go about the town ringing his bell, and from time to time, as he became the center of a crowd, would make his ainiouncements. " There will be -e-e an auc- tion sa-ii-ale, on the Market HijU-a-re, this afternoo-o-n, at half-past tW(i-o-o." And then he would go on and detail what was to be oll'ered. Towii-(,'rier Williams commenced business iii the forties, and continued until tile daily newsi)a])ers left nothing for him to do. They absorbed the advertising ])atro!iage, and the ])rofession of the town-crier became a thing of the ])ast in 18().'3-4. Londun'n Water Suj)j)lij. — In the earlier years of the settlement the hou.se-keei)er carried water from the river in a ))ail, or where a large su])])ly was needed, an empty whisky barrel would be rolled (Idwii, filled and rolled back tf) supply the kitchoi, give drink to the thirsty, or aid in building up the stock of whisky. In April, 1830, a well was ordered to be excavated opposite lot 16, on the south side of Diiiuliis street, and within the street limits, with a water conveyance thence to the jail, where a reservoir and pumj) were to be constructed. Wells then came into general use, and well-water contiinied to be used for years. On the organization of the village, the water question received some attention, I)ut only from 184M is there reliable infornui- tioii of the measures taken to insure a supply. Two tanks, fifteen feet eight inches long, six feet wide and ten feet dee]i, were ordered in November, 1843 — one to be placed near the foundry, and one at the corner of Richmond and Horton streets. In February, 1844, the town Well on North street, in th(3 rear of Farley's house, was cleaned and otherwise improved. Leonard I'errin was allowed "to lay down jajies from lot 15 to lot 16 on Dundas street in February, 184")." In •lune. Lawyer Wilson asked permission to lay down ])ipe from the Well at the corner of Talbot and North streets to his buildings on Dundas street. In dune, 1846, Robert Guini complained to the IJoard " that John Wilson turned the water out of its proper course in North 18 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) m // W Z.#4 •t % A 1.0 I.I 1.25 II 2.0 1= U III 1.6 V] <^ /a / '/ /A Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 6^ I 274 HISTORY OP THE street." This undoubtedly resulted from Wilson's unanswered itrayer for leave to put down water pipes referred to in 1 845. Permission was given the people to take water from the pipes leading from the spring to the tanks in August, 1847. Among the first to take advantage of this privilege of attaching pipes to the tank at the old Montreal bank, at the corner of Ridout and North streets, was Dennis O'Brien. A special assessment of one farthing on the pound was made in Septem- ber, 1848, on Dundas street from Ridout to Talbot, to pay the expease of sprinkling the street. In January, 1851, R. Johnstone, of the Committee of the ('ounty Council on the jail water supply, recommended that the Warden, Engineer and a member of Council be appointed a pennanent com- mittee to superintend improvements on water-works, and for selliuj) water to consumers in the town. In February, ]8'y2, Councillors Barker, Oliver, Code, McClary and Anderson were appointed a com- mittee to consider the best means for obtaining a supjjly of good water for the town. In August there were eleven large tanks in use, three of which were constructed of brick. A committee of the Council recommended the erection of eighteen additional tanks — nine of brick and nine of wood. This committee was presided over by John ('. Meredith. A petition to the Legislature asking power to erect a system of water-works was adopted in January, 185:!. In November, 1854, Elijah Leonard introduced a by-law providing for the establishment of the London and Westminster Water-works Comjiany. Peter Mct'ann was one of the directors. In consequence, however, of a suspicion that the Pond Mills water contained nothing but surface water, the compiiny fell through. In 1866 several artesian wells were sunk, but the water was strongly impregnated with sulphur. One of the wells, at the foot of Dundas street, has been running since, and it is pro- posed to build a sanitarium in coimection with it at an early date. After the failure of the artesian wells, and a thorough test of the Westminster ponds, it was decided to try the Byron springs, about four miles down the river. The result was the discovery of an inex- haustible supply of pure spring water, and a natural elevation for a reservoir commanding the city. In November, 1871, a report from the committee sent to examine the water- works at Jackson, Mich., was received. In March, 1874, Charles Dunnett placed before the Council Dr. Anderson's reference to, and Dr. Machattie's analysis of 1870 of, the sulphur springs water. On October 7, 1874, Thomas C. Keefer, writing to the Council, .speaks of collecting the springs near Coombs's, but suggests that, to avoid tunnelling the river to put down water pipes, every effort should be made to obtain a supply on the city side of the branches. On Febiuarj' 15, 1875, Messrs. Macmahon, Gibbons and McNab were authorized to inform the Council that, should privileges be granted, a private com- pany with $600,000 capital was willing to undertake the construction COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. i75 of water-works. On March 29, 1875, a vote on the question of the bv-liv\v approi)riating $400,000 for water-works, on the basis of T. C keefer's estimate, was taken, when 24o votes were for and (199 aj,'ainst. A very bitter feeling was manifested before and during the election. The disbursements for the year 1874 were $659,202.02. In September, 1876, a company applied for a charter to supjily the city with water. The members were George S. Biirell, Charles Murray, Isaac Waterman, Ellis W. Hyman, John McClary, .Fohn Elliott, Thomas Aluir and George Moorhead. The committee re- ported in favor of accepting a scheme proposed by this company or the establishment of a system by the city. At this time William Robinson, city engineer, presented estimates for $94,395 as the cost of a thorough system. Wilson's spring, on the Cth t'oncession of London, Lot 4, as described in the engineer's report of 1875, was referred to as the proper source of supply. The by-law authorizing the constrtiction of water- works passed at special meeting of the Council, December 26, 1877, and in March, 1878, a contract for the construction of water-woiks and reservoir wa.s sold to Stevens, Turner & Burns, of T^ondon, for $194,000. In May an 18-iiich pipe was placed from Waterloo and Yf)rk streets to (Joombs's Hill, 3i miles, crossing the Thames south of W^estminster bridge. The reservoir and works were constructed near the old mill, and a dam constructed to obtain power for the pumping machinery, as it was then determined to dispense with the use of coal. The building was erected by Screaton & Gibson, and in it were placed two Holly turbine wheels of 103 horse-power each. The reservoir on Chestnut Hill — 298 feet above the river, and 150 feet alx)ve the highest |)oint in the city, excejit the Catholic Cathedral — has a capacity of 6,000,000 gallons, being 198 square feet at the bottom, and 400 square feet at the sur- face, with a depth of 17 feet. The grounds, comprising 62 acres, were fenced in 1878 by James Biggs, under the direction of John Kitchen, the Water Commissioners' foreman. On November 11, 1878, City Engineer Wm. Robinson resigned, and Thomas Tracy, P. L. S., was appointed. John Carling, K. Lewis and .1. II. Minhinnick were the first Water Commissioners. In June, 1882, J. M. Cousins was appointed, vice Muirhead, as shown in the municipal history. The whole of the works, including a reservoir of over 6,000,000 gallons' capacity, about 31 miles of mains, 180 hydrants, valves, a dam, pump house, machinery, road, etc , also about 1,000 services, was completed and water turned on in January, 1879. Since that time extensions have been made each year, including the London East works, which were connected in 1885 on the amalgamation of London East with the city. In 1882, steam pumping machinery of a capacity of 2,000,000 gallons (imperial) was put in, and has given the most thorough satisfaction, a duty of 82,000,000 feet pounds per 100 pounds of coal consumed having been realized, according to the test of George C. Robb, M. K Considerable damage was done to the works 27G inSTOKY OF THE by the great flood of July, 1883, but the repairs were quickly and thoroughly made, the supply being kept up by the steam pumping machinery. In 1886 the reservoir was cleaned out, relined with hydraulic cement concrete, improved facilities for emptying and clean- ing added, and additional storage for the spring water provided at con- siderable cost, and in August, 1887, Dufton's springs were purchased for $2,500. The original works were designed by Wm. Robinson, ('. E., and carried out under the superintendence of T. H. Tracy, C. E., the present City Engineer, who has had charge of the work since that time. The present works comprise over 45 miles of mains, 250 hydrants with valves, and about 5,00U services, which have been put in free to the consumer to the extent of twenty feet inside the street line. The offices of the department are located in the City Hall. The neighbor- hood surrounding the water-works is one of the most beautiful in Western Ontario. It is known under the name of Springbank, and with the boats running on the river, thousands of people visit it week- ly. The receipts of the department at the present time are between $40,000 and $45,000 annually, and the running expenses from $10,000 to $12,000. The balance up to 1885 was not only expended on capital account, but additional sums borrowed. In 1885, however, the de- partment had a handsome balance on hand, and .since then the show- ing has been even better. Analysis of Water. — To point out the difi'erence between the waters used by the people of ante- water- works days and the present inhabitants, the following statement is given, founded on the report of W. Saunders, chemist, on the constituent parts of water in and around London, made to the Council. Water from the well at the corner of Adelaide and North streets (the Mayor's residence) contained 2')i grains of solid matter ; from his own well on Dundas, between Waterloo and Colborne, 29^ grains ; from Dr. Brown's well, Kent street, near Talbot, 51 gi-ains, and from Harvey's well, Talbot street north, 70 grains. The water at Coombs' springs yielded Ki^ grains, while it showed only 9 degrees of hardness, compared with 11 to 17 degrees for the well waters named. The Asylum wells water in 1871, as certified by A. T. Macliattie, contained 11.07 grains (east well) and 18.81 gi-ains (west well) of saline matter. The foiiner showed 6.51 giuins, and the latter 14.90 grains of carbonate of lime ; while carbonate of magnesia was repre- sented by 4.56 and 3.91 grains respectively. The analyst stated that " the only saline matters present in any appreciable (juantity, are the carbonates of lime and magnesia, which are. as usual, dissolved in excess of carltonic acid. Tlie waters are remarkably free from alkaline chlorides cand sulphates ; they contained no organic matter, cither of vegetable or animal origin, a fact which conclusively indicates the absence of surface water or any contamination from sewage ; they an perfectly colorless and transparent, and contain nothing in any way prejudicial to health. The 'east' well being softer than the ' west,' is COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 277 SO much the more suitable for ordinary domestic pin-poses ; but thei-e is nothing in either water to prevent its general use in the Asylum." ^4 Temhle Holiday. — The celebration of ^fay 24th, the Queen's birthday, has lieen observed at London since 18"i0, when Councillor Labatt asked the Mayor to proclaim the day as a town holiday. For years it was observed by the people in revelry and banqueting. The barbarous barbecue, rousted ox, whisky and ale, being main features ; but as men's hitelligence develoiied, a good deal of the barbarian disap l)eared, and tlie day became one of quiet pleasure. Such wa? that of 1881 in its Ixjginnings. All day long the loyal people of London indulged in quiet pleasures ; some at home, some at Springbank, and otiiers, more fortunate, visiting friends in the country or in other cities of Canada. The day was ordered for holiday making, the Princess Victoria and Princess Louise carried hundreds down to Springbank and back, aTul all went merry as marriage bells until evening, when the murky sky gave notice to the merrymakers that the hour for return- ing was at hand. At five o'clock the Victoria arrived at the picnic grounds, bringing down many who had passed the day in the city. Both decks were even then crowded. Xo sooner was the boat haltetl than a greater crowd on the wharf leaped on board, and in a few minutes aboiit .S0(» men, women and children, were huddled together in a space fit only for 100 persons. The captain and crew seemed as contented as the excursionists ; all were anxious to be at home for supper. So the boat cleared from the wharf and crept slowly up the Thames. The swell of the waters sometimes leaped in on the lower deck, but there was little fear in the hearts of the travellers until the crowd surged to one side, when that side of the lower deck was sub- merged to a depth of eight inches. The captain now became aware of danger, and asked the iieople to be still ; but the warning was unheeded. The boat had now reached the expansion of the river, about 1,300 feet west of the cove bridge, and held its way one-fourth the width of the river from the bank. Suddenly a volume of water swept over the lower deck, and the boat turned over, leaving the deck floors almost perpendicular, then the supports bent and broke, and in an instant tlie celebrants were in the water, fighting for life, or crushed to death in the wreck. The evidence of John T. Fryer before the coroner's jury forms part of the official history of this tnigedy. He states : — " Was on the Victoria ; I saw her coming to Springbank ; I was on the Jock ; she civme in bow first ; she appeared to be very much crowded ; a number, myself among the rest, jumped over the bulwarks, and gained the boat before the gang was lowered. F saw some of the passengers get oH— not many ; I saw a number getting on over the gangway ; the vessel then swung around and came up to the dock with the bow towards London ; she was so loaded then that I could not get a seat; my wife got a seat; my wife got on over the bulwarks; when she got in, I handed my child to her ; my reason for getting over the bulwarks was to secure a seat, as I saw the rush was so 278 HFSTOKY OF THE j^reat ; there were eight in my party, all of whom got over the bul- w^iirks, except my father — he came over the gangway ; after the Victoria came back to tiie dock the second time, she remained some five or ten minutes there before she started for London ; I think some got on and .some got otl the second time ; I heard some say that the captain said he would not start until some of the people got ott"; but very few got oil"; the boat went towards Ward's hotel, but we did not sto[) there; the boat apjjeared stmight to nm ; when approaching Woodland, we ]mssed the Forest ( 'ity ; the people went to the south side to see it, and that gave the boat a list in that direction ; immediately after pass- ing the Forest City, I noticed the Princess Louise ; I said to those near me it was strange the three steamers should all be at Springbank ut the same time ; after passing the Forest City, I saw the Princess lx)uise coming around the bend approacliing Woodland ; it appeared to me that both boats were making to the wharf; as we got to Woodland the pt'ojile were pretty much to the south side ; it was iiere where the vessel commenced to lurch ; just after that I stepped into the wheel- house with my child in my arms ; after this one or two boys came up to the captain and tf)ld him, ' We must get the people to go over to the north side of the boat, as the boat is listing over to the south, and the water is coming in on the deck below.' After this a deck hand (a Frenchman) came up ; he told the capttiin that the people would not move for him, and for him (the captain) to come down and use his influence. The captain asked if the engineer had the pump or syphon at work. The captain hurried around tt) myself and one or two otiiers to use our influence to try and get the people to trim the boat ; ho said he couldn't leave the wheel. One young girl in front of the wheel- hou.se asked the captain if there was any danger ; he said, 'If you don't go over, I will run you ashore, and you will have to walk home.' Just after he said this, the boat made a sudden lurch to the south, and then rolled over to the north and went down, north bow first. When the jjeople found the boat lurching to the .south they then moved over in a hurry to the north, this causing her to lurch heavily to the north, and went over apparently north bow first. When I was in the water u)) to tin; neck, the connection to the steam boiler broke, and the steam rushed by our faces. In getting on to the hull, I noticed the supjiorts had all been broken otl' clean with the deck." Nicholas Forkey, a i}0 to the Mayor of London, to aid in defraying the expenses of the care and maintenance of those who needed assistance, in consequence of the wreck of the Victoria on the Thames, May 24, 1881, was made by the County Council, June 7. The list of the 182 interments in the various cemeteries is as follows : Short, James, 13, city. Matthews, Annie, 23, London West. Matthews, George William, 2, London West. Hayman, Henry, 37, London East. Hayman, Mrs. H., 37 London East. Hayman, William H., 2, London East. Alley, Harry, 12, London East. KenJrick, Maria E., 24, city. .Major, Charles Edward, 12, city. LeClaire, John, l.l, Westminster. Hariier, David, 47, city. Stevens, Mary, Z!>, London West. Stevens, Ellen, 12. London West. Stevens, Thopias, .">, London West. Stevens, Mary, 3, London West. Smart, Elizabeth. 26, city. Smart, Laura, S months, city. Swayzie, Jane, 18, city. Coughlin, Edward, 9, city. Dyer, W. H., 4,5, city. l')yor, Margaret, city. Dyer, Bertie, 6, city. Lawson, Elosia, 21, city. Millman, W. H., 39, city. .Millman, Ontario, 8, city Millman, Tsirvil" WOODLAND CEMETERY. Evans, Elizabeth, 35, city. Evans, Fanny Elizabeth, 9, city. Evans, Samuel, 6, city. Evans, George William, 2, city. Evans, Albert Ernest, 1, city. Rol)ert8on, James, city. Siddons, Charles, 13, London South. Mackay, Miss, city. Westraan, William, B. D., 14, London South. Smart, George, 5, city. Deadman, Alice M., 21, London South. Swanwick, Lettia, 21, London East. Roe, Frederick, 17, city. Graham, Simon Peter, 13, city. Graham, Mary Jane, 10, city. Williamson, Alice, 29, city. Williamson, Edward, 8, city. Wastie, Alfred, 14, city. Wallace, Thomas J., 15, city. Kelly, John, 14, city. Mcintosh, Adaline, 11, city. Tatham, Dolly, 8, city. Craddock, Mary, 18, city. Box, Emma Jane, 22, city. Meredith, J. W. C, 72, city. le, (), city. ST. PETER'S CATHOLIC CEMETERY. Malnney, Delia, 22, city. Glavin, .Mrs. Michael, 27, city. Glavin, Mary, 4, city. Walsh, Patrick, iO, city. Walsh, Joseph, 17, city. Madden, Kliziibeth, l(i, city. Madder, Mary, 13, city. Jones, Annie, 13, city, Jniie.s, Frank, 7, city, Hogan, .Minnie, 12, city. Beaton, Lillie, 13, city. IWton. Mary, fi, city. Kitzgibbou, Richard, 14, city. Stewart, Elizabeth, 18, city. Darcy, James, 28, city. Conroy, Henry, 16, city. McCarthy, John, 12, city. Quinn, Mary, 15, city. Tierney, Mary, 13, city. O'Connell, Mary, 17, city. Cnrran, John, 50, city. O'Brien, John, 17, city. Laughlin, Eddie, 13, city. Pendergast, .Fohn, 36, city, Pendergast, Mrs., 36, city. 280 HISTORY OK THE MOUNT PLEASANT CEMETERY. Andorson, Minnie E., liOndon East. Abbott, Hudson G. , 9, city. Burns, .lennie M., 13, city. Burns, Ida M. L., 11, city. Baskerville, John, 30, city. Baker Annie. Brezo, Thomas, London West Cornish, Ellen, 20, city. (iornian, Charles, 13, city. Short, Wm. E., 15, city. Harrison, Harry, city. Shane, Henry, 12, city. Lister, ThomaR, city. Tremeer, George P., London West. Tremeer, Willie, London West. McPherson, Mary P., 15, city. Morrison, Nellie, 16, London East. Morrison, John, 14, London East. Morrison, William, 4, London East. Prescott, Emma, city. Prescott, Nellie, city. Fryer, A. R., city. Fryer, Mrs. A. R., city. Fryer, William, city. McLellan, Mrs. Mary A., city. Fisher, Emma Jane, city. Shayer, Alfred, 25, city. Wonnacott, William, 19, city. McNorgan, Eliza, Port Huron. Mooney. Fred T., city. Smith, Mrs. Mary J., 45, Westminster. Smith, Minnie. 17, Westminster. Weatherhcad, Jaraeo, 38, Westminster. Jones, Lizzie E. McHride, Wm., 64. city. Marham, Rosetta Ann, 8, London East, Skinner, Lillie, 16, city. Delling, Daniel. Heron, Mrs. Mary Ann, city. Bailey, Rosetta, city. Hanify, .Mrs. Handy, Nellie. Dubeau, Mrs. Emma, and two-year-old child, city. Hardy, William. Wall, John, 33, city. Wall, Martha, city. Mustill, Precilla, 13, city. Glass, William D., 23, city. Cooper, Fannie D., 19, city. Colville, Samuel D., city. Mageo, Harry, 15, city. Smith, Orville E., 21, Westminster. Edmunds, Samuel L., city. Edmunds, W. C, city. Hall, Benjamin, 25, oity. Hall, Mrs. B., city. Hall, one-year-old child, city. Pike, Mrs. Cha]iman, Elias, city. Irons, Mrs., city. Grafton, Margaret, 19, city. Vick, Richard, 16, city. Smith, Edwin A. , citv. Gibling, Walter J., 12, city. Wiseman, , 13, city. ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH CEMETERY. Perkins, James, 9, city. McPherson, Miss, 13, London West, FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH CEMETERY. Scott, Mrs. Wm., 58, city. Elliott, Josie, 12, city. INTERRED ABROAD. Griffith, JulaA., 17, Brick Street Ceme- tery. Oronhyatekha, Henry W. H., JO, inter- red at Belleville. Middloton, Janet, 17, at Gait. Shipley, Lizzie, 15. at Falkirk. Shijdey, Minnie, 12, at Falkirk. Foxteu, Annie, 22, at Clinton. Foxten, Jane, 20, at Clirton. Whaley. Henry, 21. at Clinton. Cole, Albert, 12, at St Thomas. Kilburn, Mrs., 20, »i, Kilworth. Hay, William, 24, at Pinkerton, County of Bruce. Dennis, Hr,nDah, 25, at Palermo. Pilkey, Joseph, 18, Hamilton. McElliatrewn, Julia Ann, 21, at Gait. Anderson, Henry, 10, in country. Smith, Harvey, 21, at Brick street. Mrs. J. M. Young's son, 10, at Birr. Ashbury, Mrs. W.,at St. John's. Nixon, William, 14, Brick street. Pile, Samuel, 23, in country. Diver, Hiram. Rochester. Diver, Mrs. Hiram, Rochester. Diver, two children, Rochester. Nukins, George,in country. Johnson, son of T. Johnson, Lobo. Hall, George, 29, Toronto. Deacon, W. S., 10, Birr. Boomer, Chas., 16, Norwich ville. Batzner, and lady friend, Bothwell. Hazen, Ida, Port Burwell. McVicker J., in country. Willson, two Misses, Birr. Gahau, Joseph, 17, Wheatley. COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX. 281 London never will forget tlint dreadful day ; yet, every surainer, the siuiill liver sttuuiiers j)ly ref,Milixrly between London and Sprinjr- biink, and as the excursionists Ixihold the sjiot where so many sunk to liciith, they shudder. FUxhIs of i.S'.V.A— The flood of .Tuly 11, 18S3, was discovered about two o'clock that niornint; by Win. Thom])Son of the Advertiser, wlio was retiirnii)},' with his re])oit of the Imperial Oil Works fire, and went down to the river bank to see what eflect the heavy miiis would have on tlte river. The first act in the drama was th(i death of two cliiklren of Thomas Maliii, one by crushing, the other by drowuint;. It ajipears that when Malin discovered the waters, it was too late to t'scajie, and .so he had his family climb a tree. While his daughter was iianding uj) the baV)y to its mother, the hou.se was swept against the tree, crushing the baby to death and injuring the mother. The bodies of Stratfold and his child and Wattam, were among the first found. The Lacey children were also swept away. Gns and Electric lAghtivg. — For over twenty y(!ars Ixmdon may be said to have been in public darkness ; for, with the exception of li},'hts erected by the hotel keepers, there were no street lamjis. On April 12, 1853, Barker & Spellman applied to the Council for a charter to supiily the town with gas. Simeon Morrill was appointed a dele- (,'ate to visit Quebec, to .secure the charter from the Legislature. Mr. Monill's little bill for this trip was £28 7s. (Jd, An act was passed, and the Council gave the required privileges. The order to subscribe for 500 shares of the London Gas Company, was made in August, 1853. In November, 1854, the Council negotiated with the gas com]>uny for lighting the town, and by April, 1855, there were twenty-one street lamps lighted by gas, and nineteen more ready to lie placed on the opening of spring. In September, 1855, there were eight street lamps ]iroposed to be placed on Dundas street, five on Ridout, twelve on Wellington, eleven on Richmond, four on ( 'larence, one on North, six on Talbot, five on King, and three on York, or seventy-seven street lamps in all, in addition to three at Wellington street bridge. Of tliis number only twenty-two lamps were actually in place then. The price suggested was £7 10s. per lamp per annum. On October 15, 1856, a further contribution to the gas company of £2,500 Wivs authorized. A stiitement giving a list of shareholders of the London Gas Company, and a report of business for two years ending July 31, 1857, was presented to the Council. This covered the periotl of Edwawl Glacknieyer's management, and shows a gross profit of £3,379 lis. tid., out of which £482 were paid for losses during Garth's management, and £1,223 interest on loans during the two years. In April, 1873, there were 169 street lamps in use. During the last fifteen years, lamp-posts were erected everywhere within the city limits. Notwith- standing the existence of the electric light and its very general use, •282 UISTOUY OF THR tliR gas works of to-day take a large share in supplying public and private lights. The liall Electric Light patent was secured for Canada in Decem- ber, 1881, by Messrs. Stevens, Turner & Burns, Fitzgerald & Fellows, John Walker, T. H. Tracy, all of London, and J. B. Scoville, of Boston. The Comi)any was formed here simply for the manufacture of machin- ery. Some years later a jiroposition to light the city by electricity was made and received, and about 1 20 lights placed, the works being on the river bank on the southern line of London. Public Market. — The market place of the village was at first located in front of Peter McGregor's hotel, almost opposite the Courts house ; and a frame building served as a market shed. But as the town progressed, the market was removed to the square upon wliich it is now held, and a big frame structure was put up. Afterwards the citizens ^jecame dissatisfied, find got into a disjiute, and a change was again made to Wellington street, and subsequently to the spot now occupied by the Grand Trimk depot. After remaining there a year or two, however, it was brought back to the present large squcare, where it has since remained. Tenders for market tolls were opened May 1, 184.S, and the privilege sold to Maurice Baker for £1()'.) 17s. In May, 1848, an adver- tisement for 25,000 feet of two-inch plank and 6,000 feet of oak scantling was ordered to Vje made through the columns of the Inquirer, presumably to be used on the market grounds. William Carlill was before the Board on May 8 for not paying marktit fees. He was I'oin- pelled to pay the fees (two shillings), and also thirteen shillings and ninepence fine and costs. Ale.v. S. Armstrong purchased the market tolls, for £251 currency, for 1844 John Schofield was fined ten shillings, and eight shillings cost, " for buying a pig which had not been taken into the jniblic square," in January. On August 12 tiie question of removing the market house to the market groimd on the new survey was discussed, and tiie building ordered to be moved to the new site in February, 1845. William Horton, John Balkwill and others bound themselves to expend £200 on the erection of a market- house in the new square. On September ,( the contract for building was sold to liobert \^^ann. By-law 52 provided that the old market- house .should cea.se to be used in .lanuary, 1845, and that the iiouse, erected in the fall of 1844 on the Government grant, between York and Bathurst streets, .should be open from -January 27, 1845. .lohn Jeimings protested against the location and the by-law. In February, 1845, Marcus Holmes pro])osed to erect a market-house in the west end of the town, should the Police Board assent. This petition was stored carefully away. In March, market stalls were sold at £4 each, the buyers being William Winslow, William O'Rielly, John Balkwill. Anthony Pegler, Thomas Bickell, John Gordon, John Elson, Martin Rykard, Joseph Duer and .John Talbot. The latter bought the tolls COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 283 and fees for £173 ;>9. 3d. Dr. Lee was fined for buying lumber with- out the market fees being paid, on May 1, IH45. Tenders were opened in January, 1846, for corapletinj^ the C.'ovent Ganlen Market, and contracts awarded to Biaham & Byman for carpenter work, £35 ; (JcoTge Summers, for plasterinj;, £2(1; and to John lionser, for paint- iiisi, £3 IHs. The market tolls and fees were sold to Richai"d S. Tiilbot for the year 1849-50. In December. 1850, a proposition to sell tlie old market grounds on Bathurst and York streets to the Govern- ment, for railroad depot j)urposes, and purchase suitable grounds in some (jther part of the town for market purposes, was carried. Messrs. McClary, Beimett, Carling, Anderson, and, in fact, all the members of the Councils of 1849 and ISHO, gave this railroad subject much at- tention. In November, 1851, Councillors McClary and Anderson moved that the jjctition of Samuel Peters, A. i\Iountjoy and others, asking that fifty feet in the centre of Wellingtfm from Dundas to York l)e set olf for market grounds, be acted upon, was carried. Immediately the Council ordered the removal of the old buildings to Wellington street, and in November, 1 8.">2, the maiket-house on Wellington street was completed. In March, 1803, the Council resolved to purcha.se a tract of land within the town for the enlargement of Covent Garden Market. A loan of £2l),(t00, payable in twenty years, was sanctioned, to carry out the resolution, as well as to erect a town-hall, market-house and other buildings. A twenty-five teet lot on Dundas street (evidently the entrance to market on Dundas street), was purchased from L. Lawra- son at £25 i)er foot. In A])ril, Conncillors Anderson, Oliver and Barker, were appointed a Building Committee, with W. B. Leather and Samuel I'eters, architects. A former motion by Barker and Scanlon, to have the town-hall front on Richmond street, was met by {)etition and remonstrance ; but their motion carried. The market-house contract was sold to Wm. Niles, Windsor & Green, Whiteheail, Grant & Niles, the price being £3,6;i(; 13.s. In September, 1853, the City Hall con- tracts were sold to Windsor & Green, who contracteil for brick work ; Niles & Scott, cut-stone ; Craig & Campbell, carpenter and iron work ; Haskett & Sons, painting. The total was £7,501 10s. M. In May, 1854, Nellis & Ayers purchased the market tolls of Covent Garden for £4(10 15s., and by-laws for the regulation of the market were adopted. .John Kernes leased the market tolls for 1855-tJ, paying £808. The extension of the market square in 1879 necessitated the purcha.se of 110 feet frontage thereon, at a cost of $24,833 ; the owners claim- ing §37,550. The arbitrators were: — Geo. G. Magee, Y. Cronyn, and A. S. Emery ; W. R. Meredith, represented the city, and David Glass, the owners. The projjerty adjoined the Masonic Temple, and was adjudged to be worth $225 per foot. The nuirket prices quoted February 14, 1850, give three shillings 284 HISTORY OF THK Pork — The quantity expoHed for Hale these last eii;ht days has proved large ; 20ii. per 100 lbs. for good (luality ia about the current price. Hpcf— porlh., IJd. Ca 2(1. Mutton — |)or lb., IJd. Oi- 2d. Butter— p«r lb., fresh, TAd. ; salt, 'lil. f« 7id. Eggs— per doz., TJd. OeeHe — each, l8. Fowls— per couple, Od. fe TJd. Turkeys— each. Is. lOJd (a 2s. «d. and fiveponce for fifty pounds of full wheat, and two shillings and uinepence of spring wheat : — Barley Wo hear of no transactions. Oats- per bush. U. 2d. (a Is. 3d. Still continue to be delivered from the farm- ers very 8|Niringly. Timothy Seed- -7s. (id. per bushel. Clover Seed — Several parcels olferinK, but heard of no actual sales, except one small lot of tiftean bushels Ca,. 20s, Hay — per ton, t'JOs. (a 55s. Straw — per ton, 20s. (dx 258. Flour— t)er 100 lbs., 78. 6d. Potatoes— per bush., Is. 7d. (n Is. lOJd. Appleb— jier bush., Is. lOid. (a 2a. 6d. HoR/rihila. — So early as 1832 the f|uestion of ho.spital accoininodu- tion Ciinie i^iinily Iwfore the people. Cholera of the worst ty])e pre- vailed here ; and so terrible did its ravages Iwcoiue in >Inly, that oidy eleven grand jin'ors remained, and Captain (Proves was the only one left in the settlement who would take civre of the sick and dying. Dr. Donnelly having succumbed to the di.sease, and Dr. Lee being engaged in furnishing medicine. The niatttu-.s coniuicted with hospital relief since that temble year are described in the following memoranda from Council reports : — Alfred Carter wius appointed in 1847 to attend to the sick and destitute immigrants. A shed was ordered to be erected for them on the Market Square, and tin; old market-house was opened for the u.se of immigrants on August 17, and the same month a bury- ing ground for immigrants was established. The town warden wa.s instructed to provide niaiiiteniince for a woman (Mrs. Husband) found near Water's mill with her thigh broken, in December ; Dr. Anderson and Magistrate Morrill having refused her relief on the part of the district, A case of small-pox was reported in .June, 1848, when a small building was erected in which to keep the patient. In 184'.t a resolu- tion to petition the Government on the subject of removing the ho,s- postal from the market ground was adopted, and on April 1 the immigrant hospital, then condemned, and the market-house, were set on fire, and the former totally destroyed, the Council offering £25 reward for the conviction of the incendiary. The first Board of Health was established June 18, 1849, when Dr, A. Anderson, S. Morrill, L. Lawrason, J. Ashton and S, Eccles were appointed. In July a memorial from Simeon Morrill and fifty other mei\ibers of the Wes- leyan Methodist Church, complained that paupers, dying in the town, were buried in the grounds granted to the Society by the Government. The Council at once acted on the complaint, and ordered that all such interments must be made in the grounds then known as Potter's Field. In the fall of 1849 Dr. Henry Going had charge of the cholera hospital, where a number of immigrant patients were confined. In COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX. 285 December Peter McCiUin was ordoretl to inquire into the needs of h iiuiiilier of Scotch ininii, a soup kitchen was established at London. There were 2,'.t4H quarts of soup served tliat month, or .'{,912 meals; 222 loaves of bread, 218 lbs. rice and and the number of iiersons .".4(). The corresponding month of l.Sr»S co.st the city SV^^2. In 18ri'.< the Masonic body subscribed !?58 for ndief, and others $25. In March .iohii Curling subscribed SI OH, Mward Emery *20, and John K. Labatt 1,000 ll)s. of flour. Several smaller donations were given toward relieving the jioor. The totjil cost of city hospital and out-door relief for 1859 was IS:!,272. In this year there were 124 patients; while from 1855 to the close of 1858 — four years — there were only .■>64 ])atients. The report of the Committee on Hospitals, made April 8, 1801, charged a few of the aldermen with Iwing too intimate with the matron and other female attendants at the city hospital. The rejjort was very severe, but evidently necessary in view of the total lack of morals ])revailing. The .steward and matron were recommended for discharge. In 18oard was presided over by He v. Benjamin Crouyn, with Itev. W. F. ('larke as secretary. Tiie (iramraar School was held in the court-house, with B. Bayly as principal. Thomas Parke was commissioned in May, 1843, to obtain the school money for 1842, and])ay it into the bank of Upper Canada at Kingston. The ta.x levy for school purposes in 1844 was £81. On April 1, that year, the Superintendent of Public Instruction informed the Board that the apportionment of the Common School Fund was £79 18s. 4d. On April 8 liev. Benjamin Crouyn was appointed Superintendent of Education for the Town of London, and on June 10 he was ordered to district the town for school purjioses. His repoit was in favor of mak- ing each Ward a district, and this was adojited. The total amount of assessment for school purposes in 1845 was £124 3s. 3d. The amount of the tax roll for 1844-5 was £372 9s. In January George llailton received £3 7s. Gd. as clerk to the Superintendent of Kdycation, and John McDowell £0 3s. 4d. as collector. In February, the apjjointment of Etlwin Kowley as school teacher, and the refusal of Kev. .Mr. Crouyn to examine him for a teacher's certificate, was before the board. It appears that on April 13, Philo Bennett and E. P. Ellis, trustees for St. Andrew's ward, were anxious to employ Edwin Kowley as school-teacher, but Itev. Superin- tendent Crouyn refused to examine Ilowley, on the ground of his being an alien ; then the trustees asked the Board to take the necessary mea.sures to compel Mr. Crouyn to examine the teacher, and certify to such examination, but the proceedings were as unsatisfactory as they were boisterous. £106 were transferred to Rev. Denjamin Crouyn, representing the school moneys of 1846. In June, 1848, the school trustees asked the Council "for a larger appropriation, for erecting a school-house on a large scale." This petition was granted, and in 1849 the Union School was built, and opened in the following year, with Nicholas Wilson as princi])al. He was succeeded by Kobert Wilson, and he by the late Hamilton Hunter, who retired from teaching to accept a Government position. 19 290 HISTORY OF THE In January, 1849, James Reid and George G. Magee were apjiuinUjil Trustees of Conunnn Schools, vice Harding O'Krien and J. S. Buchanan, retired. A special assessment of three farthings ])er pound valuation was authorized to be used in paying teachers and erecting buildings mi the grounds granted by the Government for school purjmses. This resolution was ciimed, but Mayor Dixon's ojiposition to a similar (ino on .Fatnuny 29th resulted in vexsitious proceedings. Debentures for £r)r)0 were authorized May 7th, the proceeds to be applied on cmn- pleting school-house. In November, 1849, Architect Thomas declined the building complete, and £411 were paid Joseph F. Kolfe, the ooii- tractor. On October, 29, 1849, Simeon Momll ])resented a large !h;1I for ihe use of the new common school. About this time the colored population of the town was over 200, and a colored school was estiih lished by the members of the colony. In January, 18")0, Miss II. .1. Dawsey ])etitioned the Council to compensate her for teaching a colored school of forty pupils during the year 1849. This ])etition was sent to the School Board, with a reconmiendatiou to grant her ])ay, wheio it was reported favorably. In A)iril, 18r)(>, the four school sections were united. The by-law, as drafted by H. C. 11. Becher, pointed out the desire of the people to have one large school building, where scholars could be classified according to their knowledge. Each class should have a teacher, and all work under the direction of a head master. £150 wert^ ordered to be levied for school purposes. In May, (Jouncillors Barker and (Jarlini; ])ointed out the necessity for a school-house in St. George's Ward, and iisked the apjwintment of themselves and Mr. Becher to ])urclia.si! a site fvnd obtain plans, etc. A motion to this effect was carried, and £300 appropriated for building. The Central School at London was opened in 1851, with N. Wilson, head master, and Kobert Wilson and Patrick Murtagli, assisttmts. The head master's .salary was then £1.")() per annum. On Jan. 28, 1852, a petition from the Trustees of the Granunar School, a.sking the erection of a school building, was reported unfavor- ably ; but the application of the Jioard of Public Instruction of the Town of London was received favorably, and the Council recommend- ed the renting of the Mechanics' Institute for school purposes. Such were the steps taken to build up a school system here from 1841 to 1854, that the new city of 1855 found herself in possession of good schools and good teachers, which compared favorably with other towns of Upper Canada. The school statistics from 1855 to 1868 tell the story of progress : — Tear. 18S5 1856 . 1857 , 1858 1869 1860 Pupils Avrrage No. of Registered. Attendance. Teaeliem. .. 1,823 ... 973 12 .. .. 2,219 1,064 14 .. .. 2,737 1,244 16 .. .. 2,459 1,337 17 .. .. 2,336 1,461 20 .. .. 2,301 1,443 20 .. Averasc Coat per Pupil. ....$6 SH 7 57 6 73 ti 32 6 11 ti 01 OOUM'y OF MIDDLESEX. 291 I'uplls Average Year. HeKiHtered. Attendance. 18G1 2,527 1,537 ... 1862 2,fdl l.O'.O 1H63 2,825 1.692 1S64 1865 18(16 1867 l,>i68 No. of Tenchers. . .. 21 ... . .. 22 .., ... 22 ... , .. 22 ... . . . 24 , . . 2,972 1,782 3,218 1,9.'{0 .3,237 1,990 25 ■3,372 2,058 25 3,586 2,1.''.3 25 Averaee Coat, prr I'upU. 5 18 .... 5 5 4 4 4 4 .... 4 11 04 tIS 30 73 63 55 .1. H. l')(iyle became principal in 1855, with twelve assistant teach- ers — six male and six female. Amonj? the best known teachers of the city .scliools within the i)eriod to which the above fignres refer, were J. B. Boyle, Adam Anderson, William Irwin, Nicholas Wilson, .lohn Taatl'e, Haniiiton Hnnter and .lohn McT/aren, Miss A. B. Coirigan, Miss Eliza Ellis, Miss Bella Norval, Mi.ss McElroy, Miss Harriet Oakley, Mi.ss Eliza Coyne, Miss Lsabella Coyne, Miss H. Gillespie. Miss M. Yates, Miss Jane Kessack, Miss TiOster, Mrs. Elizabeth lloji- kiiis. Miss Christina Rotertson, Miss Dora Gurd, Miss D. Robertson (ISUli, and resumed in 1865). Th(! School Board of 1801^ was composed of the following: — Messrs. William McBride (chairman), W. Wade, R. Gunn, J. G. Mcintosh, James Dunbar, S. II. Graydon, D. McPherson, John Ross, Jas. John- ston, 0. Baynes, Alex. Gunn, Thomas Webb, A. G. Smyth and Alex, .lohiiston. The School Trustees elected in January, 1872, were Robt. Reiil. Alfred G. Smyth, James Dunbar, William Rowhmd, .f(jhn Phillijis, Alex. Gunn and Ezra A. Taylor. A reference to the general chapter on schools will show the names of the old-time school superintendents of London village. J. V>. Boyle is in.spector of the city public .schools, having been apjwintcd to the position in August, 1871. A. S. Abbott was appointed secretary of the School Board in December, 1850, and is still holding the office. The late Judge Wilson was local superintendent of schools up to ISfi.'i, as shown in the general history. The Bishop of Huron subsequently held that position. Rev. W. ¥. Clarke was superintendent for awhile before Judge Wilson's time. The outlay for school purposes in 1.S63 was some S14,4.")9 ; the estimates of 1888 placed it at $57,511, includ- ing $3,:i40 to the separate schools. An early jmblic school principal was Kobt. Wilson, then N. W^ilson ; next Hamilton Hunter, who was succi'oded by Mr. Boyle. Following is the personnel of the Board of 1888 : — lames Wright, chairnian. Collegiate Institute Trustees — Cl. T. Campbell, (,'liarles F. Colwell, James li. Cook, .lohn D. Sharman, Francis Love, Moses Masiiret, Alfred W. Woodward. Public School Trustees — Jas. H. Wilson, Wm. J. Craig, James Wright, Albert O. .lefTery, Joseph M. Wilson, Alexander A. Dui-den, .lohn Turner, Thomas Howard, Henry Childs, V. W. J. Ball. The list of teachers in Octoljer, 1888, is as follows : — Central Scfiool —Messrs. Carson (head master), and Stewart, Misses Booth, Yates, Mills, 292 HISTORY OK THE Cannell, I'itilicr, Dunbar, Coyne, F. I'uickle, S. A. Buckle, Simpson, Ma^ce. liolM'i'tson, I'livistie, iiiul H. liucklo. King street — Mr. ,Tiis. L(!arn (head master), jMisses Webhe, L. V. Porter, Hay anc. J )Iinston. Hortoii street- Mr. II. M. (.Jrahani (liead master), Misses Ferguson aii'i Kogers. Wtiterloo Souili — Mr. H. A. T. Hobbs (head n)ast(;r), Missos Mcl)onald and iSkelton. Hamilton road — Mr. .1. Wright (liead mas- ter). Misses Fairbairn, l.uke and Brock. Colhanie street — Mrs. Gahaii ("principal). Misses Mulveny, llougvie, Pocock and I'urdom. Pruiccfix avenue — Mr. Wof)dbinn (licad master), Misses Tyler, Macklin, John- ston, Fleming and Sinijison. Talbot street — Misses Miller (inincipal), Mcintosh, ^^'eatherson and Lynch. Waterloo North — Mr. K. F. Wil- son (head master), Misses Wrighton, Ferguson and Evans lAwnr avenue — Misses Boon (princijial), Olipliant, Winnett and Cathro. Rectory street — Mr. W. D. Eckert (head master), Miss Macklin, ]\Ivs. Olipliant, Misses McLeod, Cameron and Black. Park street — Mr. 8 G. Gibson (head master), Misses Mohr and Young. Prute^aiit Home — Miss Crosbie. Town Hall (East End) — Miss Walton. Music — Mr, J, L. Barron The city system is at the present time in the course of a greatly needed reorganization, whereby what is known as the Central School, formerly called the Union School, established in the year 1841), will be abolished, the projierty sold, and the ^^'ard schools will in time be all giaded. By the old mode, pupils reached the Collegiate Institute, by a coin'se through the Central ; but under the new order of things, each ward will cany on the curriculum uji to the point of passing the entrance examination, and so become direct feeders of the Collegiate Institute. Number Five Ward has a well etpiipped school of that des- cription already d(jing splendid work, and a new building has been completed on Simcoe street in accordance with the graded ])lan. It will displace the old Horton street school. The new graded school building on Horton street, between ( 'larence and Wellington, is lOOx 110 feet, each of the three fl(Jors being of this area. Over each of the main archways are what is ])urported to be the likenesses of ex-Chair- man Sharman and (Jhairman Wright, of the Board of Education, Itut it would take a rather acute observer to recognize the faces of either of these gentlemen in the stone cutting. The building was designed and its construction superititended by T. H. Tracy, city engineer. The cost of the structure is placed at about $30,000, divided as follows:— Masonry, Joshua Garratt, 811,000; carjienter work, John Purdom, $8,340 ; (.'redit Valley dressings, T. J. Heard, $4,500 ; slating, George Kiddell, $904 ; jilastering, Murray Bros., $873 ; painting and glazing, A. T. Corj), $I,0tl7; furnaces and air vents, Smead & Co., $L\4.S(l. Old Grammar School and the Collecjiate Institute. — The London District Grammar School was established in 1834 at Long Point, on Lake Erie. On its transfer to London, a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, was appointed master. This was Francis Wright, the same who married the eldest daughter of W. Iv. l.'ornish. After ten years' service COUNTY OF MinULESKX. 293 he lesinneil, and Jomes ( '. Thompson, of Adelaide, was ajijiointed ; but, on his removal to the old St. Thomas school, Rev. Benjamin Bayly, of Dublin, Ireland, took char<;e of the school, and for thirty- seven years ])resided over the Grammar School in the old court-house, until 181)1, afterwards in the Central School, and later in the new Collegiate Institute, Mr. Thomjtson assistinj:; for some time in the mathematical dei)artment. Mr. I>ayly settled on Manitoulin Island in ISiiT with Archdeacon lironjih. and about 1ractice of medicine, W. H. Moorhouse, M. B. ; ])atli()l- ogy and histology, D. B. Fraser, M. B., of Stratford ; obstetrics and sanitary science, G. P. Jones, M. B. ; medical jurisprudence and toxicology, A. G. Fonwick, M. J). ; practical chemistry, W. E. Saunders ; anatomy, general and descriptive, J. M. Jackson, .M. D., C. M. ; demonstrator of anatomy, W. J. Mitchell, M. I). ; i)hysiology, H. A. McCallum, M. 1). ; materia medica and thera])eutics, H. Meeks, M. D. ; botany and zoology, John Dearness, I. P. S. The officers of the faculty are: — Dr. Arnott, dean; Dr. Waugh, registrar ; and W. E. Saunders, treasurer. The London Law School. — This school was opened December 4, ISSf), Judge Frederick Davis delivering the inaugural addres.s. The faculty comprised William Elliot, Senior Countv Judge; VV H. Bar- tram, registrar; W. W. Fitzgerald, bursar; W. P. R. Street, Q. (\,LL 1!., professor of equity jurisprudence, now Assize Court Judge ; David MilLs, LL. B., M. P., of Parke, Mills & Purdom, professor of Interna- tional law and rise of representative government ; J. H. Flock, of Flock & Flock, professor of criminal law ; James Magee, of Harris, Magee, Clark & Jetl'ery, professor of real property law; M. D. Fraser, of Fraser & Fraser, professor of personal property law ; I. F. Hellinuth, LL, B., professor of constitutional history; VV. R. Meredith, Q. C, IjL. B., M. p. p., of Meredith, Fisher & Beattie, professor of nnuneiiial law ; and George C. Gibbons, of Gibbons, McNab, Mulkern & Harjier, professor of law of contracts. The list of the first students enrolled is as follows : — Babcock, G. Bartlett, P. H. Bayly, R. Beattie, J. H. A. Bowman, T. M. Brydges, C. H. Chapman, F. E. Cowan, R. K. Crony D, E. S. Dignan, R. H. Emery, E. C. Fisher, R. Fitzgerald, W. C. Fitzgerald, W. E. Flock, Ed. Graham, R. M. Gunn, G. C. Harding, F. Johnson, E. H. Johnson, T. F. Johnson, W. F. Judd, J. C. Lucas, I. B. Macbeth, H. Mcl'hillips, .las. J. McPhillips, John J. Mills, K. Mills, W. Moruhead, 0. Moore, J. T. O'Ncil, J. 1). Purdom, A. Reid, Thos. Scandrett. Tliot. Smyth, \V. .Sutton, A. E. Walker, J. S. Weekes, G. N. COUNTY OK MIDltLKSKX 2'.t7 Mniiv of tlio above immod are now barristers, niifl some of tliom associated witli old firms in Loiidtm. Art ScliiHil. — Tlu." Western Ontario School of Art and Desit,Mi, one of the first and l)est in the country, was established about 1S78. It liiis enieiently conducted de])artrnents of paintinj,' in oils and water colors, diina ])aintin<,', industrial desinnin",', modellint,', etc. The (\umil'i(iv G(i:i-tfe, London, England, s|ieaire.sent are JIe,ssrs. J. H. Griilith and .1 R. Peel, while the institution is under till! alilc jiresidency of (colonel Walker, county re<;i.strar. Tlie studios are located in the Mechanics' Institute buildini,'. Then; are several excellent private art tMitt^rprises carriecl on in tlm city ; and the We.stern Art League, composed of London artists and others, promises to be of service. (Charles Chapman, who died in October, 1887, was the father of the Western Ontario Art School. John H. and James Urilfith came to London in 1854; but in 187'"> the former retired to his Westminster farm. H(! suggested the establishment of the Art School at London, and lias been coiniected with it since organization. He was the first to introduce into Upjier Canada the art of ])orcelain painting and photography on china, and the first to introduce i)hotos in carbon. Fdred City College. — This is a practical business school, jiresidi'd over by J. W. Westervelt and J. II. W. York. Its establi.shiuent at London was well received by the people, and its success has been noticeable. Separate Schools. — There are three lloman Catholic sejiaiate schools —the ])rincipal school, St. Peter's, on the same block with the cath(.'dral ; th(! next, the comparatively new Sacred Heart school on (Jueen's ave.; and third, St. Mary's school, at the corntir of South and Maitland streets. On January lil, 1874, the original school-house was burned. The trustees oll'ered $100 for the conviction of the incendiary. The ele- gant school buildings on Park avenue were comjileted in September, LSS2, at a total cost of !if!l,(tOO, and opened l)y Head-master Hrown, who, on November 6, 1888, resigned the jirincipalship after a service of eighteen years. Peter Naven, of Ashfield, was em])loyed as his suc- cessor. One of the departments of the Sacred Heart Convent is devoted to the Sejiarate school of the Dundas street district. In 1888 a part of the new buildings was designed for separate school purposes. The Enrjlwh Church in Canada — The early history of the English Church in Canada is given very fully in former ])ages. Jiev. Mr. Macintosh, of Kettle Creek, appears to have been the first minister of this ilenoinination, who held services at or near London about 18:i7. In 18J9 Kev. E N. Boswell was placed over the district, and named the parish St. Paul's ; and from his coming, to the ])resent time, there is little ditticidty in finding out the material history of the church here, much relating to its earlier years being narrattjd in the chapters referred to above. Mr. Boswell's short term at Loudon was not attended with 298 IIISTOUY OF THK such ])leiisur('s as would induce him to stay. In 18.'<2 Uov. Bciij. (hdnyn caiui! from Ireland, and that year ho i)roa(!licd in tlio old jjraininar school, court-hoiisi', dwidling, or, if yo>i phrase, a houac of- all-work, yet st^mdinj,'. In 1834-5 a franit; Imildin;,' was conijjleted wlieri! tho custoni-housi' now stands, frontin<,' on Queen's avenue ; some years later an or^an was introduced, and in 184:! a hell placed in the lielfry. All were destroyifd in the fire of Ash Wednesday, in Fehrtiary, 1844. At that time the old Mechanics' Institute held its place on the Coin't-houst! Square, and in it services were held until a new houst! of worship could l)e completed. Among the leadini,' mem- bers of the church in Loiuhm and neij^hhorhood in 1842-4 were Judj^e H. Allen, H. V.. Allen, J. B. Allen, d. K Askin, H. (.!. K. Hecher, II. t'hi.sholm, John Givens, (i. .1. Ooodhue, L. lijiwrason, Monsarrat, W. Horton, .John Harris, W. W. .Street, Freeman Talhot, .lohn Wilson, (!. S. (Jzouski, and others, whose names occur in many jjaj^es of this work. They decided that the new edifice should he a large and commodious oiu!, and not a frame like its predecessor. Many, if not all, the; bricks n.sed in its construction were actiuilly burned in the present church- yard. So rapid was the ])rogress made, that the ceremony of laying the corner-stone was celebrated on June 24, 1844, St. John's Day. The i)residinf,' clerical dignitary was 15i.shop Strachan, of Toronto ; for in those days there was no Diocese of Huron. The ceremony was jier- formed with Masonic honors. St. John's Lodge, No. 2()9(a), then the only Masou'c lodge here, assembled at 1 p m. in their room in the old Ilobin.Hon Hall, and, having l)een marshaled by the late \Vorshi])ful Bro Nile.s, proceeded to the court-house l)uilding, from which, after divine service by Kev. Mr. Cronyn, an imposing i)rocession was formed and marched to St. Paul's clnnchyard, where tlie stone was duly laid. Subsequently, the streets were paraded, and a Masonic banquet was held at night. Samuel Peters used the trowel, the same wliich is held by his son to-day. In 1845-6 St. Paul's church loomed up after plans by Thonuis, of Toronto, and soon after a chime of bells was placed in the new building. St. Paul's Cathedral is a handsome, old-fashioned church, seating about 1,400. The nave is 05 feet by 05 feet, with galleries. The chancel is 40 feet by :>0 feet. The organ is a grand instrument, built by Messrs. Warren, of Toronto, and put up in 1872. When the Diocese of Huron was erected in 1857, the Rector, theltev. Dr. Cronyn, was elected first Bishop, though for some years he still contiiuied Rector of St. Paul's, but resigned in 1867, when the Rev. Dr. Hellmuth was appointed. In consequence of the declining health of Bishop Cronyn, Dr. Hellmuth was elected as Coadjutor Bishop, and succeeded to the full charge of the diocese the same year, 1871, when the Rov. Canon Innes was appointed ; this position he still continues to hold, as Dean of the Cathedral. St. Paul's was consecrated by the Right Rev. Maurice P. Baldwin, third BLshop of Huron, in 1884. It is a well endowed chmch, and from its surplus revenues the several COUNTY OK MIUUI-ESKX. 29!> piiri'ilies of tlio city imd county receive assistance. Tlie followinj; jiiirislii'H have been formed, and churches erected, from the orif^inal jiiiiish of St. Paul's : — I'hri.st cliurcli, 1883; Memorial church, 1872; St. John the Evanfjeli.st, built in 1888 by the parishionera of the Chap- ter House, which was erected into an or^'anized j)arish in 1873; St. (Icoijie'.s, London West, 1874; St, .James's, London South, 1875; and St. Matthew's, London Kast, 1882. Amonj; those who at various times otliciated as a.ssistant cler<;y in the clmrch, were the late Ucv. Mr, liayly, for many years Hij,'h School head ma-ster, Ilev, H. H. O'Neil, Ucv. .Mr. Ilayward, Kev. -lohn McLean, late Hishop of Saskatchewan, Kev. v.. J. Lowe, Kev. Mr. Stari', Kev. S. H. KelIo^% Uev. J. G. Bay- \y, Uev. J. Gemley, Kev. A. Hrown, and li. Hicks, jiresent cumte. A. CJ. Smyth is an old time official about St. Paul's, liavin<^ been vestry clerk continuouslv since about 1859. He was precedeii in that office liy Wilson Mill.'* and W. J. 0. Meredith. f'hrid Church. — Prior to 1862, when a mission embracing the tlu! territory south of York strecit was established, with Ilev. (r. M. Iinics in char<,'e, St. Paul's was the centre of Eiifj;lish Church worship. This nii.ssion was founded in the Central School buildin>;. On week nij,'lits, out-door servicer were held on the site of the jn'oposed church, which had been jiresented by Bishop Crony n for that ])ur[)0se. An itnuisinj,' incident is related of one of these services. In lieu of a better stand, the missionary used to sjieak from the top of an old hollow .stump, with a congregation of from (it) to 100 gathered about (in the grass. On the occasion in question, some mi.schievous boys had tilled the stump with dry leaves, which, in the middle of the sermon, tliey contrived to set on fire. The preacher had speedily to descend from his perch and seek a cooler atmosphere. Above the ashes of the old sliuu]) arose the present ])ulpit. The building was consecrated by Bishop Cronyn in 1803; and Col. Mollat collected funds that paid for the tirst organ, and Kev. Mr. limes, who continued rector until 1865, presented the communion table, chanct.'l chairs, and small oak font. The second rector was the late Kev. James Smythe, who was in charge mitil 1H76. In 1872 Kev. 11 Bayly was assistant, when the Kev. J. W. P. Smith (now canon), previously rector of St. .lohn the Evange- Hst, Strathroy, was ap]iointed. In connection with this church is the Church of England Temperance Society and Band of Hope. The church building was valued in 1872 at 87,000, and the parsonage at $.",00(1 ; while in 1888 the total value is placed at *8,000. In 1872 the congregation numbered 600, and the communicants 100. The building is well loaited on the corner of Wellington and Hill streets, n The Memonal Chiirch. — This building was erected to the memory of vhe late Kight Kev. Benjamin Cronyn, first Bishop of Huron, through the liberality of his children, and was opened for j)ublic wor- ship Dec. 13, 1873, declared free of all debt and encumbrance, and consecrated by Bishop Hellrauth. The house, which occupies a fine site on the corner of Queen's avenue and William street, ia noteworthy 300 lIlSTOIiV OK THK amon<^ the edifices of Loiulon, not only because of its iii)poamnce, but by reason of its associations. Tt is tlie monument of a great and worthy pioneer. It is of Gothic architecture, built of white l)rick faced with nnl, and heavily buttressed. The congregation had a begin- ning in a small frame chapel on Adelaide street, whence they moved, fifteen years ago, to the present building. The late Rev. W. H. Tilley, who had been curate of St. I'aul's Church, was apjiointed first rector. He laboreil zealously and successfully for upwards of three years, and in 1877 removed to Toronto, and became assistant minister at tlie Cathedral. Mr. Tilley was succeeded by the present rector, Ii(!V. Canon Richardson. In 1879 the building was enlarged. In 1884 a lot adjoining was purchased and the parsonage erected ; later the sex- ton's house was added, making a property valued at about !?40,00(). St. •lohn's Chapel is named in 186."i, with Rev. Isaac Hellnnilh and Rev. H. Hal])in in charge. In 18(16 Rev. W Wicks and Mr. Ilalpiu had charge of this chapel and of Huron College. l!ev. I. Brock came in I8tl8, with Mr. Halpin still assistant. In 1874 a chapel bearing this title was opened on George street by Bishop Bedell, of Ohio. This building was closed by Bishop Hellmuth in 1884, when the congregation worshipped in the? Chapter House. Church, of St. John the Evamjelid. — In October, 188(), Rev. Richard G. Fowell was asked to become pastor of this congregation. He accepted, and at once entered on the task of church building, and on March 9, 1887, the corner-stone was placed. Later, this project was pushed forward, the rector being assisted by Rev. I). Williams, with I. Danks and Colonel Fisher, wardens. Rev. W. T. Hill, the present rector, aided in the work which Mr. Fowell commenced, and soon the church building on the corner of St. James and AV'ellington streets was coni])leted, and opened in November, 1888. The property, when the Sunday school room is completed, will have cost little short of SI 3,000. The original .services in this parish were held in the Htu'on College library until 1874, when St. John's Chajjcl, George street, was opened. The Chapter Hou.se, a quaint, solid, stone building, out on Rich mond street, was designed by Bishop Hellmuth to form tha nucleus of a cathedral, and was built in 1.374. The Chapter House contains the oflices of the large and wealthy Diocese of Huron, with the Diocesan archives and Synod records, which are in the charge of E. Baynes Reed, secretary-treasurer and registrar, a position which he has held for many years, and the duties of wiiich he discharges with marked altility and great zeal. In the Chajiter House are held the meetings of the Synod, and of the Executive and other sy nodical committees. In 1873 Very Rev. Dean Boomer had charge of the Chapter House. In lS7ii he and Rev. W. F. Campbell presided. In 1879 Rev. P. B. DeLom was curate, and in 1882 Rev. A. J. Golhner. The ministers since 1882 are named in connection with the college or with other churches. St. James's Church. — The corner-stone of St. James's Church, on COUN'J'Y OF MIDULKSKX. .SOI Askiii street, London South, was placed May 24, 1877, by the Bishop (it lluvoii, IJevs. M. Boomer, J. W. Marsh and Evans Davis. The huikiinjj comniittec were Henry Taylor, John Beattie, John Poi)e, .lolin Un<,'lis G. S. Binell, Thomas Churchei', A. J. Moore, A.. Pontey, (J. 1'^. Bryd<,'es, 0. M. Mayne and K. B. Hun<,'eiford, with architects Tracy, Itobinson and Fairbairn. Story & A\'attam, masons, and A. rimioni, carpenter, were the lefiding contractoi's. The building was o])eiiod Nov. 18, that year. Ecv. Mr. Davis is still pastor. St. Mdttheiv's Church. — This church was an outgrowth of St. Luke's, which, for a time, existed on tlic Hamilton road, east of Itectory street. In 1879 Itev. J. B. Richardson attended this church; in 1880 l.'ev. 11. Fletcher, and in 1882 the |)resent nan;e appears instead of St. buke's, its former title. Rev. W. M. Seaborn is the ])resent minister. The building is east of the fair grounds, on Dundas street. St. George's Church. — This congregation dates back to 1874, when l!ev. Evans Davis established a mission there in coimection with the new ])arish of London South. A brick building was erected, which lias since been used as a house of wor,- hip. Rev. C\. B. Sage is now minister in charge. The Church of England City Mission was established in 18(17, by the Dean of Huron and Rev. J. Smythe. All Sdintti' Ch(tpel. — The old brick Primitive Methodist Church Iniilding, at the corner of Adelaide street and the Hamilton road, is now iiu English mission in connection with the Memorial Church. Rev. Canon Richardson is pastor, with the Rev. 0. H. Bridgman, assisting. St. Ann's Chapel. — The corner stone of St. Ann's ( 'hapel, in con- nection with the Hellmuth Ladies' College, was placed ]\Iay ;!0, 1877, l)y Mrs. Hellmuth, to whom a trowel was presented by the teachers and students of the college. The building was erected by Elms &Son, ii'oui plans by Lloyd, of Detroit. Among the ministers connected with college and cha}iel nuiy be named : — Reverends A. Sweatman and W. A. Young, 18U!t ; V. Checkley, 1872. In 1880, Rev. C. B Guillemont was i)astor of St. Ann's and Hellmuth Ladies' College, and he, with the Itev H. Riener, in 1881 ; and Rev. E. N. English, in 1884. Methodist Church. — This organization, in 1874, comprised the former Wesleyans, Protestant or Primitive Methodists, and New Comiexion Methodists. The lirst general conference of this church was hekl at Toro!ito in Sejitember and October, 1874, and there London conference was represented by forty-eight members, The statistics then j)resented .showed 73,557 Wesleyans, 20,95(1 Methodists of Eastern P)riti.sh America, and 7,4o0 New Connexion Methodi.sts, — or a total of 101,94t). Ill 1N84, tlie union was strengthened by the admission of Epi.scopal '.lethodists and Bible Christians. Speaking of old-time churches, A G. Smyth says : — " The first M(!tliiidist edifice was an old rough-cast building on Ridout street, near where Mr. Weld lives, or old Mr. Hamilton's. — That must have been away back about 1832. Two early ministers were Rev Mr. Stoney 302 HISTORY OF TIIK and Rev. A. S. Newbeny. The next Methodist clinrch was 3. There was no .settled minister here at tliat time. London was merely a passing preaching place, wliere occa- sionally a minister stayed over and held service. In 18.')9 the con- gregation had increa.sed to a size that would warrant them to erect a more commodious building. Accordingly, a neat frame chapel, about 30x40, was erected at the corner of King and Talbot streets, now used as an hotel. London at that time became a station, and there were regular .services held in the new church every Sabbath. This was then the central church of a large circuit, of probably ten miles aroiuid. The Willi.ses from the north, and the Beltons from the north-east, made it their place of worship. Old Mr. Willis was the door-keeper at COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 30;^ the quarterly meetings. The most prominent members in 1840 to 1847 were the English family, old S(iuire Morrill, the Daltons, the McBride family, Murray Anderson, etc., living in London or immediate vicinity. In 1846, owing to the union of the Canadian and British Conferences, the London congregation then came up to the church occujjied by what was then known as the British Missionaries, and there continued till the year 18r)4. The old building, a heavy frame, 40x6(1, plain gothic, is now extinct ; and the stores of Messrs. McBriile's stove ware- house, Taylor's bank and Mountjoy's store, Richmond street, now flourish over the site. The first preacher in this old church, was the Rev. Ephraim Evans, afterwards Dr. Evans, who is still a hale and hearty old gentleman, who located here as a superantuiated minister. In 1852, owing to the crowded state of the Richmond street church, the trustees under- took the erection of the large brick church which may now be seen on the corner of Park and Queen's avenues, then known as the North Street Methodist Church, but now Queen's Avenue Church. The lot was bought from Anthony I'egler January l."!, 1852, for S700. On April 1», Architect llodgins, of Toronto, was engfiged, receiving $100 premium for his plans. On June 2Gth the contract for excavation was sold to VVm. Ellis for £:)9 15s.; and on January, 1853, that for brick to Screaton & Grant ; for carpenter work to Geo. Watson ; for glazing tn .John Bonser; and for plastering to AV. Tibbs. This .structure was two years in building, and was opened with great pomp and ceremony early in July, 1854. The size of this structure was 120x66, with tower and steeple, and was at that time acknowledged to be the finest church west of Great St. -Tames Street, Montreal. The trustees, or build- ing committee, were ; Murray Anderson, Wm. ^IcBride, Samuel Mc- Bride, Samuel Glass, John Elson, James Coyne, Samuel Screaton, Samuel Peters, Geo. Tyas. The chairman was the Rev. Wm. Pollard, then pastor ; the late Wm. McBride being secretary and ])residiug steward. According to a minute in the secretary's books, Airs. Raymond was engaged as organist in November, 185.");and in July, 1854, the trustees fixed the yearly rental of pews, and decided to sell them by auction to- the highest bidder. Samuel McBride received the important appoint- ment of pew steward and collector of rents during the same month. The time at length arrived when the all-important work drew to a succi^ssful clo,se, and the church was opened for ])ublic worship on July K), 1S54, the collections of the day amounting t^ £50 15s. Rev. Dr. Evans, now in his eighty-sixth year, and actively engaged every day ill cliarge of the head([uarters of the Western Ontario Bible Society branch in this city, took one of the services on that memorable occasiDii. Rev. Mr. Pollard, who was in charge during the building of the edifice, left about the time of opening, or before, and was succeeded by Kev. William Wilkinson. In the year 1856 came the Rev. J. Bouse, and a couple of years later the Rev. Dr. Cooney, a remarkable man in his way, as some of our readers may remember. , ^ St. 304 HISTOKY OF THE Paul's ])oal of chimes were wont to ring out tlieir music across the street while the Wesle^'un service was in ]irogress, and one morniiig Dr. Cooiiey stopped to inform the congregation that the only pleasure those bells ever gave him was wlu^n they stopped ringing. In ISGo Rev, G. 11. Sanderson beciuue ])astor. After a continuous, active, ministerial service of fifty-two years, he was suj)crannuated at the London Conference of dune, 18S.S, held in the same old edifice, and he is now, in his declining years a member of the congregation over which, twenty-eight years ago, he presided as jiastor. The Trustees in lS6l'-.'> were: Messrs. I'eters, Tyas, Abbott, S. and \V. Mcl^ride, Screaton, Lawless, Prison, Garrett, A. Johnston, Ware, M. Anderson and Leary. Passing on down to November, LS72, Messrs. Tlios jMcCormick, Geo. Robinson and A. B. Powell were added to the Trustee Board, and about that time the resolve was made to erect the l)iick school-room in rear of the church, which cost some SI ;>,000, and is now popularly known as Wesley Hall. In 1873 the old Methndisl cemetery east of the city was .sold, and a new plot west of Petersville having been ])urchased, the Mount Pleasant Cemetery C'om})auy, an organization distinct from the church, was organized. In 0(;tober, 1874, the late Wm. McBride resigned the secretaryship of the Trustee Board, and Ambrose B. Powell was chosen to fill the position, and lia,s acted in tliat capacity ever since. Thos. Green, R. J. C. Dawson and James P^aton were chosen trustees in 1874. 11. J. C. Dawson has been recording steward since George Robinson resigned the position. Among the incidents of 1878 was the resignation of Samuel Screaton from the ]K)sition of choir leader, after a (juarter of a century's faitiiful and valuable aid in the service of song. In the same year, Wm. Glass was chosen a trustee in place of his father, Samuel Glass, deceased. Among other worthies whom the church has lost by death were S. Peters, Wm. McBride (drowned in the Victoria disaster), John Elsoii, Geo. Tyas and Jas. Coyne. Messrs. John Green and Geo. C. Gibbons were chosen trustees in 188;!. About the close of J880, imimrtant improvements, destined to revolutionize the interior of the church, coujjled with the introduction of a j?y,(lO() organ, built by Warren, of Toronto, were resolved upon; and the next year saw all this accom- plished before Augu.st, involving an outlay of some ijJLj.OOO. The reopening services liegan on Aug. H, 1881, those taking part being Kev. Leo. Gaelz, the new j»astor. Rev. Dr. Nelles, of Victoria College, and others ; Dr. Verrinder, the organist, giving a concert at night. Ou Aug. 7, Rev. Dr. Nelles and Rev. Dr. Hunter, then of Toronto, preach- ed, and on Aug. 14, Rev. Wm. Williams and Rev. J. A. Murray. In the introduction to the history of this church, all the ea 'y circuit preachers are named from 1823 to LS.'l'.l. Their successors are now "iven as follows: — James N orris, with Samuel Rise and William Coleman, 1840; Rise and William Price in 1841; Edmund Sheidierd, with M. Holtby, Jeflries and Lovell, assisting, 1842-4; E. M. Rversou, 1845; C. Lovell, 1840; E. Bothwell and Goodfellow, 1847; John COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 305 ( iirioll, witli A. S. Byrne, S. S. Nelles and G. Young, 1848-50 ; Wm I'dllimi, with Ames, Laivd and Pearson, assistants, 1851-3; H. Wilkinson, with T. Stobbs, li. Creighton, J. L. Saniedy and J. E. Sand- t'lsoii, 1854-5 ; John Douse, with James Preston, 1850-7 ; Robert ( aniey, with James Dixon and G. R. Sanderson, 1858-9. the latter jiii'siding in 1860-1, with W. C. Henderson, assistant; Richard Jones, with John Potts, 1802-4; James H. Bishop, with William J. Hunter, 18(35-7; James Elliott and William Briggs, 1868-70, E. M. CoUum, assisting in last year; Dr. W". Jefl'ers and B. B. Keefer, 1871, and the latter with James Hannon in 1872-;:{, when Mr. Keefer was succeeded liy .1. J. Hare, assistant. Under the union of 1874, the Methodist Church of Canada became the title, with James Hannon in charge, and Messrs. Hale and T. J. Keid, assistants. From 1875 to 1878, James Graham and William Walsh attended this church; John Philp, 1878 81, while the membor- sliiji was 200 ; Leonard Gaetz, with R J. Treleaven, assistant, 1881-4 ; Daniel G. Sutherland, 1884-0, and J. G. Scott, 1887-8, now Secretary (if London Conference. The present membership is 508, with 585 pupils in Sabbath School, which is superintended by J. F. Jellers and li, .). C. Dawson. The stewards are Geo. Robinson, Thos. McCormick, .lohn (ireen, William Glass, Alexander Johnson, H. H. Nelles and li. J. C. Dawson. Methodhst New Connexion Church. — This denomination, adapted by the secessionists from John Wesley's doctrine in 1797, was estab- lished in London Township in 1835. This branch of Methodism was sugfiested by Alexander Kilham. It will be remembered that, in 1829, tile Canadian Wesleyan Methodist Church was organized by Henry Kyan and James Jackson, who seceded from the Canada Methodist Ejiiscdpal Church. Soon after, the new faith took root in the Thames valley. In 1841, a union between the Canadian Wesleyan Church and the New Connexion Church of Canada East was formed, and the name, Canadian Wesleyan Methodist New Connexion Church, adopted. In 1S43, the Protestant Methodists of Eastern Canada were admitted, and, in 1864, the title, The Methodist New Connexion Church in Canada, was chosen. London City Circuit of the Methodist New Connexion Church, was set otV from London Township in 1850 (see history of London Town- ship), with II. 0. Crofts and J. B. Kershaw, preachers. From 1851 to ISlo, William McClure presided, with Barnet, Caswell and Savage, assistants. Joseph Robinson was preacher-in-charge from 18.-)4 tf) 1H.")8, his assistants being Savage, Scott, Williams, Shaw and Leach, •fohn Shuttleworth was here from 1859 to 1861, Leach and Holmes assistiiii,'. .lames Caswell ministered alone in 1862-3 ; John Cleaver andJ. K. Gundy in 1804; J. A. Miller and J. L. Wilkinson in 1865-0 ; J. C. Seymour and J. J. Lutze in 1866 ; David Savage, I'^iOT-lt, with .1. T. Pitcher assisting the first year; George Richardson alone in 1870-2, and George Buggin alone in 1873-4. 20 306 HISTOKY OK TIIK WelliiKjton Street Methodwt Church. — This Church dates back to 187u. Upon the union of tl;o New Connexion Methodists witli tlu> Wesleyans, the conj^regation, who had worshipped for a numhcr of years in the old New Connexion Clmrcli, Clarence street (jmrt df Victoria Hall), decided to vacate the old edifice and erect a church iiion^ in keei)in, and David Savage in 1880-2, the membershii) being 230. At this time Thomas Hadwin, ]{. K. Tupper and D. Kyan were supor- aimuated minister.s. John V. Smith presided in 1883-6. Dr. E. R llyckman, the ])resent pastor, was appointed in 1886. The memhevsiiip is about 300, while the Sabbath school, under William Yates, cliiinis about .")()() scholars. Pall Mall Street Church. — At a meeting held at IJev. Wni. Pol- lard's parsonage, Sept. 17,1853, the minister pre,siding, with (u'or<;e Fitzgerald secretary, it was decideil to buikl a frame house for wor,slii]i, on St. James street, east of Waterloo, where John Raynor resiileii. James Thompson was ajjpointed treasurer, with I'hos. Rarns, James Thompson, Geo. Fitzgerald, James Railey, James Penn and Jolni Gritliths as building committee. Among the first sukscribers to the building fund were : — James Bailey, D. F. Ware, John (Jriffiths, Win. Coad, Beuj. Dawson, William Gla.ss, William iiarker, Mr. Bennett, John W. Carlin, Mrs. Van Zant, David Carter, Thomas Carlin, Ja.s. Penn, George Fitzgerald, Mr. Bennett (.second), James Thonii)soii and James Whiting. The contract for frame, plastering, &c., was sold COUNTY OF MIUni.KSKX. 307 Kay, \- iind (illlv 1877 ig 230. SUpiT- K B. )ei'sliip cliuiiis I'ol- ii'sliip, ■silled, James John to tlie Win. I'liiiett, u, .las. inpsou as sold to Williiiin Coad for £ilO; but ho was not to su])ply p>il]»it or pews, as tliov were to lie taken from tlie IJichmond Street (Jliurcli. The church was iluly opened on Jan. 21), l.S.')4, sermons l)einj,' ])reached by J!ev. S. JJose, liev. Dr. Skinner and Jlov. W. Pollard. Services were afterwards held there by Kevs. Wilkinson, Preston, and others. Di.saster was ahead, liowevcir, for, in an excitin<,' municipal contest, the church was .set fin fin; and destroyeil The School Trustees ji;rant(Hl tlie con- i^rejiation the use of tlie old St. George's .sclwol, and in 18~)'.l, during Uev. Dr. Cooney's time, stejis were taken to huilil the present brick edifice on Pall Mall street. Among the trustetis at that time were E. Bennett, 15. Dawson, John GriHith.s, Woodw.ard, P'itzgeraM, Holland and il. Matthews. Here is a resolution that ajipears in the minutes while th(! clnn-ch was going up : — " Moved l)y Bro. Fitzgerald, .seconded liy Bro. Dawson, that we have the name in marl)le, ' We.sleyan Metho- dist Cliurch, A.D. 18.")'.t,' the cost not to exceed eight dollars. — Carried." The little slab is to be seen yet in tlie side of the church. The o])en- iiig .service occurred iu November, 18.')!', sermons being delivered by Rev. Mr. Musgrove and Itev. Mr. IJredin. Among those whose names are variously associated with the church history were : — G. E. Sanderson, Dr. Potts, 11. Jones (1863), J. H. Bishop, James Elliott, .lanu'S Hannon, James Turner, J. Allan and W. Kettlewell. Pall Mall Street Church was .set off from Queen's Avenue in 1875, with Tlumias J. Iteid, minister; Jas. S. Ro,ss was pastor from 187() to 1878, Jo.sei)h M. Hodson, from 187i> to 1881; and Lewis W. Crew.s, 1882-4. Since the second union of 1884, the pulpit has been fdled by L. W. Crews, F. H. Stacey, Wm. Godwin and E. B. Lanceley, the latter now being minister in charge, with W. D. Buckle, secretary of quar- terly meetings. The ]iroposed new church building, estimated to cost 1*12,0(10, is to stand on the corner of Colborne and Piccadilly streets. Dundas Street, Centre Methodist Church — This church dates back to 185(i, when N. English, Geo. WeUster, Murray Anderson and L. Perrin aided iu organizing a congregation away out east on the Dundas road. That year, a lot situated on the corner of King and Adelaide streets was purchased as the intended site for the e Siuulersi»n in 1H80-2; luul of Goo. W. llenderann in lH8;i-4, when it nn'oivt'il some luMitions by tlio union of that your. An nnauthonti- oatt'd iiot, witli WelIin<,'ton .Tellers, jiastor, the inemljershij) at that time licint; sevcntc eu. kiiiij l^lrert Mcthodlsf, Church. — Tliis church dates back to Decem- ber, ]85'.i, when a builcbn;; was completed l)y the Primitive Methodists. The (luestion of reiilacin^ the old church on Hill and (Jrey stre(!ts by a new house on Kinj;, between VVelliiij,'ton and ('larence, was carried in May, LSdo, and in Novend)er, ISt)."), the house was dedicated ity Uev. Ilobert ^\ood, then su])crintendent of this district — K. 1. Walker |iresentiii^ a silver communion service. W. Wade, dames Cassell, W. Koliih, It. d. WalktM- and James J)aniels were associated as trus- tees. The late Wm. Trebilcock was, also, lonj» prominently identified with this con.ure.yation. The cost of erection was in the neighliorhood (if SI1,0(K). The nu)re recent pastors have been Kev. Wm. Herrid{^e, Rev. Eli Middleton, and the present able clerf,'yman, Kev. J. ilolmes, who assumed charge two years ago. Messrs. df)hn Friend, ( 'has. Thome, John Goodge, J. J. Mason, Frank Miller, W. (iray, E. Grenfel and A. W. Spry, comprise the present Board of Tru.stees. Kxtensive alterations in tlie interior, together with the addition of a large porch at the entrance, are now in course of completion, at a cost of some Sl,t)0(i. A gallery, horse-shoe shaped, has been erected, and other improvements made. At one time the old .society worshijiped in a small house adjoining the present WellingLon Street Church, which was ultimately converted into a dwelling-house. The Primitive Methodist Church, on Adelaidi! stre(>t and Hamilton road, was comi)l(!ted, and dedicated on November lit, 1H7.'>. The frame, H2x4(), cost SI, 200. This building is now tised by the English ('hurch as a mission house, in coiniection with Memorial ("hurch. Bible Christian,'!. — The l')ible Christian Church was represented ill the London District in 1868 by E. lloVierts and \V. Hodnett. It appears a house of worship was erected about that time, for, in February, 1873, it is recorded that the building was restored at aco.st of So,500, and reopened. Their church in London East was dedicated Oct. lo, 1876, by Kevs. E. lioberts and J. A. Murray. London ("entre Circuit was established in 1878, with Kev. W. Quance iiastor. In 1881, Rev. W. H. Butt took charge, under the union of 1 884 ; he is now presiding ]w,stor of the united Methodist churches of Glencoe. In 187'.», London East Circuit of the Bible Christian Church was set oil', with G, H. Copeland in charge. In 1882, L. W. Wickett succeeded as pastor, who .served until the union of 1884. The church at the corner of Dundas and Elizabeth streets is now in charge of Kev. S. G. Livingstone, of the Methodist Church of Canada. The old Horton street building, where the other congregation of Methodists used to worship, is now occupied by building contractors. MdhuiHdf EpiHcopal Church. — The history of Episcopalian Metho- :uo lilSTDUY OF THE disiii is riij suiToundeil with nil (ithcr I'onus of tliiit donoininutioti, it is «liflicult to ]i()iiit out its l)ej,'iniiin<;. Up to tliu porioil of Mr. Ilyan's rebellion iii^iiiiist Amcricjiii Methoilisin, the Kpi.seii|iiil form was observed here (182;]-S) uiid in Westminster (lSl(j-2S). The, first church-house is said to liave been erected by the Wesleviin, Mr. Huston, on the site of the present O'CalliiLjhan teri'aecs and, as he was stationed here in in 1827-iS, that must have been tiie year of its buildin<;. Alter tiie tirst (Jatholio (Jhuich was tinished, about 1834, the ^lethodist Episcopalians claimed some ]ilaee of worship; but no one seiiUis to remember its locjihty. Their church buildiii;^ on Colborne and North streets was opened Au<,'ust 11, 1867. The cost of the building was S!;),(MI(). The services were conducted by liishop Smith, father of llav. V. Snntli, the ]iastor at that time. This was a frame Ijuildinj,', which was subse- <|Uently n.sed as a roller-rink, and later as a dwellini,'-house. The society next enjcted their brici; building; on Colborne and (.i)u(!eii's avenue, wiiich, after the union (tf 1 H84, was used as an opera hou.se, but later converted into a double brick dwelliuf^. Hamilton Road Mefliixlht CInirch. — On the Hamilton road, just west of Rectory street, is another branch of Methodism, in ehari,'(> of the Key. S. J. Allin. This church formerly stood at the north end of Park street, near the car-works ))ro[)(>i'ty, and was brought into exist- ence by the IJev. Dr. .lell'ers. The building was afterwards moved to the Hamilton road. Colored Methodist Eidscopal Church. — This church building, now a brick on Cirey street, ilates back over many yeiirs, the congregation, early in the sixties, worshii)ping in a frame on Thames street, after- wards [)urchased by Thos. Macnamara, and used as a residence. liev. S, Peakeris the present Grey street pa.stoi'. Catholic Church. — In the chapter of general history devoted to church alfairs, the story of the introduction and growth of the church in Canada is related, and its beginnings in the Erie peninsula described. The first church erected was of logs, with an eartlien iloor, and stood at the corner of Majjle and liichmomi streets, o))]iosite tlu; Huron Hotel. It was begun in l.S.S;! and dedicated in 18.)4, llev. Father Downie, then stationed at St. Thomas, olliciating. Later, Rev. Father l)em]),si.'y officiated here, ecmiing at intervals from St Thomas. In 18") 1 was begun the erection of the old brick cathedral, which was dedicated in 1852 by liishoj) l)e Charl)onnel, of Toronto. The log church was burned Aug. 24, 1S."»1, and on that day mass was celebrated in a fnuiu' building n.sed as the Town Hall, afterwards known as Ualkwill's Hotel, at the cornel' of King street and Talbot, west of market s(piare. The frame building on King street, known as the Univer.salist Church, was then leased by the Catholics, and occupied by them until the opening of their new place of worshi)). That old King street building has had a varied history — fir.st a Universalist church, then a Catholic ])lace of worshij), aiterwards a Congregational church, then Presbyterian, and last of all it was used as a Salvation Army barracks until burned down COUNTY OK MIDDLK8KX. 811 on JiUi. U"), 1S88. Services were held in the brick chinch for:?3 yiiiirs, the fiiiewell seniion beiii<,' delivered by liishop Walsh on Sundiiy, A]iril \'K 1S8."), on which occasion vespers was sung by the late Uev Alj^r. Hniyere and Father Walsh; Fathers I )unphy, Coll'ey (then editor (if tlie (Jiitholic Jiecurd), Tiernan and Kennedy, assistini,' in the sanctuary. Prior to the completion of the old lojj buildinj;, the services of the clanvli were conducted in the few Catholic homes of the district round the village, notice of the arrival of a priest beinhy, Anthony Case, James Casey, Cornelius Coghlan, John Magin, John Tracy, Patrick McFadden, John McNeil, Wm. Hickey, John Dowling, ('. Fisher, .lohn Langan, Dennis Donohue, Patrick Byrne, James Morgan, Thomas Somers, M. Brougham, Wm. O'Connor, Janii>s Kearns, John Dalrymple, .lames O'Ncil, Bernard Rielly, Daniel O'Neil, Martin Rose and John Coveny. On -Ian. 12, 184"), Jos. Doyle, son of Lawrence and Eliza (Philane) Doyle, was baptized. Among oth(!r members of the church in 1845 were James Lynch, -Fohn Feeluin, Win. Shaw, Dennis Regan, John Coghlan, Patrick Regan, .lohn Tray, B McEnnilV, .lames Lynch, John Hcanlon, Thomas McCarthy, Bernard SniitJi, Peter Mount, Thomas Moore, Patrick Brady, Wm. Hubbart, 0. Coleman, .)ose])h O'Keefe, Arthur Lyons, H. Cstrander, Patrick .Fudge, I>iiniel Coghlan, .Tames O'Neil, Patrick Sweeny, John Calcott, Jeremiah Huggarty, Lawrence Eiirly, .lohn McVeigh, or McVey, and Edward Million. 812 IIISTOUV OK THK In SoptomlMiv, I.S43, Hisliop I'owfiia pri'sidcd at Ukj (Mdifinimtion of MiU'V KiMoii, au'cd Ifi yi'urs ; Michael (Jroiiyii, aj,'e(l IT); Maij,'aivt Flaiinanan, 17; Hridj^ot KIaiiiiaj,'aii, L'll; and Maif^aret Sullivan, 17 yoai's Tilt! cci'tduony was |)ci'fonni'd in tlio old cliurdi at St. Thomas. Tho cluu'ch nH'ords aro signed hy Ituv. !'. O'Uwycr, Kohrnary 7, 1847. In iMai'ch, 184',), Very llt'V..Iohn ( 'arroll, adniinistrator, visited London and l)ai)tized the children of (Jhaih^s \V:dlis, Cronyn, M. l'iinniiii.'imiii, James (iloason and Hdwanl Hrennan. Father Kirwan, who retjorded these hiiptisni.s, took char<,'e of the London ])arish A])ril I'.i, 1.S40. Anion^ the I'aniily names on the records of this year are ( !harl(vs iiml Edward Collovin, Thomas MciCann, liarlholoinew KLtan, iliiihard Kisher, Terrence MoAidille, John Scanlon, Thomas K'yan, Timothy (Jlee.soii, Patrick Kenny, I'anl Kcicnan, .John Tomline, Stejihen Daly, dames Morrison, William ( 'orhett, Huj,'li Mara and I'eter AlcCann. in IS.'il) the followinji-named converts were received by Dean Kirwan: — Win. Thomjwon, the Widow Scott and Widow Mc(."onna; in ISol, Ale.x. Lyon.s, Mrs. McNally, John (Jordon, Mr.s. Anne Forbes, Thomas liiit- ler and Isabella Da<.'t;. Tiie same year Jtov. J. D. Ilyan received the foUowinf,' named : — Gerald Fitz,i,'erald, Mr.s. Adeline Burn.s, Henry Hrownstead, Mary Fortier, .John O'H. Ward, Eunice A. Snow; in 1852, Annie FiUiott, Marj^aret McCarthy, Isalxdla Mclican, James Welds, James Vincent, Annie O. Gorman and Frances Hall. In IH'il Bishop De Charboinud held conlirniation services at London. liis second and third visit.s, March, 1802, and February, 185o, v,'vav. also made for the ])uri)o.se of administering,' that sacrament. Dean Kirwan was transferred to another mi.s,sion in June, IS.")!), on the arrival of liishop Pin.sonneault. In 18ri4 Kev. I', Crinnon was jiriest at London. In ISfil) the marria<;e and baptismal records are signed by lU'.v. K. Jiayard and liev. A. Musard ; in ISH? by Rev. Joseph i). Iiayard, Itev. 0. Trochon, Key. liobert Kcdcher; in ISoX, aj^ain by tlm tir.>. Wiittcis, took tilt! pianos of tint lust t\V(( iiuiiit'd jiricsts. In IS?:!, ltcvi'i(!ii(is K. \\ Kilroy, II. M. I.8. The corner-stone of the now St. Andrew's church, Nortli and Waterloo streets, was ])laced May 'I'l, 1868, by Rev. .John Scott, pastor, assisted by Rev. Donald Mackenzie, of Zorra. The elders were: — Wm. Clark, \\'m. Hegg, Charles (Trant, James ^IcWilliams, and James T. IJoyd. Trustees — •lolin liirrell, Wm. Begg, Geo. M. Gunn, John J. Mackenzie, John G. Mcintosh, Daniel Lester, and John Ross. Trersurer — Wm. Hegg. Deacons and Managers — John Birrell, Robert Ttioore, Daniel Lester, J. G. Mcintosh, Edward Rowland, .Tanu;s Ander,son, John Tytler, A. ■I. Vr. Henderson, Andrew Thomi)S()n, Tiioinas McCracken, James Gil- lean, John Ross, A. Davidson, and Duif Cameron. The cost of tliis edifice was more than 827,000, which the congre- gation clieerfully paid, .and it was not long until the church was free from debt. Among the most liberal contributors to the building fund were the following: — John Hirrell, $(500; William Hegg, Alexander Campbell, $2W: Andrew Chi.sholm, S.'idO; John Cami)bell, $UA); David Bngue, Joini M. Burns, Tiiomas I^rowne and W. H. liirrell, !:?lini each; Ewen Cameron, i$120: John Cousin.s, William Clark, Duncan Camiibell, *100 each; James Durand, R. S. T. Davidson, 8-'0O; David Denham, SI 00; William Durand, SI 00; John Elliott, S:^iiO ; .1. H. Eraser, 81 00 ; William Gordon, *800 ; G. .M. Gunn, 1S200 ; Alex. Gauld, .•?200 ; James Glen, 8200; Alex. Graham, S200 ; A.J. 0. Henderson, .8200; W. Kent, 8400; Daniel Lester, 8200; Mrs. ;U6 UlsrOHY OF THE Lyle (Now York), SlOO ; Mr. Lniin (Moiitroal), $100; Mrs. Mitcliic, SlOO ; R. S. Murray, S-'0(t ; J. G. Mcintosh, iJGOO : Alex. Mcliitosli,' $300; Joseph McKay & Bro,$lOO; Thomas McCracken, $100 ; Joliii lioss, $125; Edward litjwlaiid, $125; Warren Rock, $100; A. M. Ross, $100; Hna])tist services in London are said to have been held in 1844, in the old Mechanics* Institute structure, on the court-hou.se grounds. With occasional sermons from visiting ministers, the meetings were continued imtil 184('), when "The Regular I*a{)tist Church of London " was organized with nine members — VVm. Wakeling and wife, J. H. Haines and wife, Lieut. Allright and wife, James Kitchens and wife, and Mrs. Henry Groves. Ujmn the church being formed, .services were held in the old Methodist Chv.rch, at the corner of King and Talbot streets, and tin,' first pastor was the Rev. .las. Inglis. In the year 18o(), the congrega- tion took pos.session of the church at the corner of York and Talliot streets, where they worshi]iped for some thirty -one years, tin; mime "York Street Baptist Church" being adopted in 1 877. The congregation gi'ew in numbers and pros])ered, until a larger and more pretentious i)laee of wjrshij) became necessary, and, under the pastorate of the Rev. A. Gmnt, a connnodious brick building, decidedly attractive in appearance, was erected on the west side of Talbot, between Ma))le anil Kent streets. This was in 1882. On Dec. 4, 1881, the last .services were ■A-IO HISTOKY OF THK held ill the York Street (Jhurch. Some years ago, through the unselfish labors of several members of the Talbot Street Church, a mission school was established in the north-eastern part of the city, where a large ])0]iulation was growing up without adequate Sunday school or church privileges. The building used is on the north side of St. James struct, near Adelaide. The successor of Mr. Inglis was the Rev. Ifobert Boyd, for five years ; Rev. Charles Cam))bell, one and a-half years ; Rev. W. AUiiig- ton, four years ; Rev. Thomas Ure, three years ; Rev. Hemy Watts, two years ; Rev. James Cooper, 1). 1)., fourteen years : he died in Scotland in 1 883 ; Rev. James R. Montgomery (co-pastor), two years ; Rev. A. Grant, now .-superintendent of missions, five and a-half years; and Rev. W. H. Porter, the present pastor, since May, 1885. Adelaide Street Baptist Church. — This church owes its origin to a mi.ssion in.stituted by members of the First Baptist Church and other Christian workers about thirteen years ago. The mission grew and ]ir()spered, and the little band became a substantial organization. A place of worship was .secured on Adelaide street, just north of King — a plain-looking frame building that had been used as a church by the Angliciin and Methodist denominations, respectively. After the lap-se of a year or two, it was decided to form a second ]kptist Church — a resolution which was carried out on the 2nd of November, 1887, when the Adelaide Street Baptist Church was regularly organized with a roll of fifty-nine members. For a time the pulpit was supplied by the pastors of York street, Rev. Mr. Montgomery, I'rof. Torrance, of Woodstock College, and the venerable Dr. Cooper, preaching alternately at both churches, until, on the 9th of August, 1878, the Rev. P. A. McEwen (now stationed at Stratford) was ordained pastor of the young church. Mr. McEwen was succeeded by Rev. Jcseph Forth, a pu])il of the world-renowned Spurgeon. Mr. Forth took the pastoral charge in October, 1880, which he held for u])wards of two years, when he i'(;signed and accepted a call from Dresden. On the 13th of November, 1883, the present })astor, Rev. Thomas S. Johnston, of Sarnia, took charge of the church, which, under his untiring and well directed ettbrts, has continued— in s])ite of numerous discouragements — to grow and prosper. The old place of worship having become altogether too small for the increasing congregation, it was decided to build a new one, and, on March 1, 1885, the pre-sent church edifice was forniiiUy 0])ened and dedicated. The value of the building and lot is about S1'),000— a large ]iroportioii of the debt on the edifice having been wi])ed out. Tiie church has a membershif) of 250, while the Sabbath school scholars number 260, with an average attendance of 190. The old frame building in which the cluu'ch was organized, after passing through several hands, was finally turned into a roller rink, and not long afterwards fell a prey to the flames. Several members of the Adelaide Street Cliurch, assisted by members of sister denominations, have organized a mission in the .southern part of the city. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. J'"!' many yeai's m. w„ ^ "'"' *»t,Elii.hZt'^fli*"he pioneer offlJSf™^^ wita"t'usr*°,;i,t'! --"i-r :Toh"'ii rs ?r''^. occupied as a Mpri;n,„-.T'*'"'"'''"<^ of what u'«, f '' ^'brarian, Talblt street onpS "-^ stands on tiL '"'^"^ •>''^^^« appearance, havS g b fentS"? T"'"^' ^»* ^^ J>a los Tt f' '' •5 secret M^i'n T'^l-^''"^^ ^^JSu^mTb''' ^^"^"P^^^^- •UlPeeJ i'jPZT'^- ''•^■■isurer; Isaac W.f'"'^'""' ^^^^ord- cor„er.st„,S of the , It ^'^1'^^"^ ^'^'^^ vo, fj^^ ' JI"^ ^'^ V'Kler-' :?22 IIISTOIIY (JF TIIK opoaed in Septuniber, 1877. It contains a laruo library iiml iVcu rend- ing room. In Jnne, 1HS8, a by-law, jn'oviding for the (istablishmciil of a free library, which meant the purchase of the Institute libnirv, and jierhapsthe building, was defeated at the polls. The oflicers of tiie Institute for 1888 are: — Presidoit, Tlios. Green; first vice-jiri'si- dent, VVm. Scarrow; second vice-president, J. -lohnston ; recording secretary, J. D. Keeideyside ; corresponding secretary, E. T. Essery; treasurer, Alex. Harvey ; librarian, James Gray. The Mercantile Library Association was organized in IHoi'. In August, 1859, II. Briant was vice-president, and (-". S. Uamsey, record- ing secretary. At that time David Glass was jiresident; Hem-y Long, vice-ijresident ; L. Lawrason, treasurer; Chas. Ramsay, .secretary; M. W. Cummings, corresponding secretary ; Joseph Atkinson, C. 1). Holmes, J. C Brown, G. Goi'don, jr., -lames Egan, and ('has. I'mokul, directors. Freemasonry in London* — The first Masonic lodge, of which there are any records, was held at John Siddall's (of Siddall's mill), May 12, 1821). The name of the lodge was Mount Moriah, No. ":'<, English Register, or No. 20, Provincial Grand Lodge Register. Tlit; exact date of charter is not known, hut it must have been about L82li. The first minute reads : — " The minutes of the last regular meeting werti read and api^roved, when it was resolved that Arthur Nevill receive iiii honorable discharge (demit) from this lodge ; also resolved, that tin; brethren be summoned to attend at our lodge room, on the 24lii of June, on special business, at the hour of one o'clock." The officers of this date were :— John iSiddall, W. M. ; S. L. Sumner, S. W. ; J. Can- field, J. W. ; T. Putnam, treasurer ; J. Putnam, secretary, and 1). Cutter, S. D. On June 24th, 1829, J. Putnam i)resideil, with K, Hartwell, secretary. The minutes fnmi this date, until Dec. 22, are so badly torn that they cannot be read. The officers elected in Ducem- Ijer, 1829, were :— G. Merrick, W. M. ; S. L. Sumner, S. \V. ; W. I'ut- nam, J. W. ; James Canfield, treasurer ; E. Hartwell, secretary ; Al^el Sumner, S. D.; Thomas Putnam, J. D.; John Siddall and i^evi Merrick, stewards, and Abraham Kilbourn, tyler. At a meeting, Jan. a, ISoti, J. D. Flanagan was voted eiyht shillings for nightly refreshments. This lodge must have been something like a regimental on(>, as it travelled from one place to another, ilay 14, 18;i(), it was held at Swartz's, and again on the 2i)th at Joshua S. Odell's, at the Village of the Forks, when the following officers were installed : — Samuel L. Sumner, William Putnam, Jo.shua Putnam, James Canfield and K. Hartwell. June 1, 18.'il, an extra lodge was held in London, wilii tiiu same officers. There are no minutes from this date until Dec. 9, IS:U, when a meeting was held at E. Hartwell's for the purpose of electing officers for the ensuing six months, which rosiilted iis follows :— William Putnam, W. M. ; William Niles, S. W. ; G. Merrick, J. W. ; ♦Compiled from memoraniia collected directly from records, by Alexander Irvine, for this work. COUNTY (iK MIDDI.KSKX. E. Havtwell, secretary ; Silas K Curtis, trensui-er ; Abel Sunn, S. T). ; Saniiuil Ti. Smniior, .1. D. ; John Putnam aii, IS."!."), and on the same diiv Allan (Jumeron receivisd a degrei;. At a meetinl lOs. was set apart from the funds of the lodge. The new hall was first occupied on May la. On June 25, the fmnidatiou-stone of the Union School was laid with Masonic cere- monies. The brethren marched in procession to the grounds, headed by tlie fife and drum band of the 20th Regiment, stationed hen-. The speakers on the occasion were, Simeon Morrill, Judge John Wilson, iincl Mr. Magill. James Daniel ])resented the lodge with a Hible, on November 27. In return for the gift, the lodge ordered a portrait of the donor to be taken, and placed in a frame on the altar. Tiie installation of the officers was held on December 27, and, in celeljialion (, Thoia|i.s((n Wilson pri'scntt'd, i'or rccununeiidatidn by tlie lodj^e, u petition to tlio (}rand Ijtnh^i; of Enj^iand for a diartcr for a new lod^c, to bi! named "St. ( JeorjiCi's," willi tlie following ollicers nanitid, viz : — Tboinpson Wilson, W. M. ; A. C. Stone, S. W. ; I). Sterlin-;, .1. W. The re((nired reeoninieniiation was "granted. On November JL', u motion was brou<,'lit up to secure a site foi' a Masonic Hall. 'I'lie yru- jjosed sites wen;, the s]iot where J{. Mouutjoy's fi'uit store now stands, and that of the Harris property ; but as they were without funds, and the lottery system in its iid'anoy, it tell throu;^h. On Deet^niber liT, .lames Daniel was installed master for IH.'i:!. On March 2, W. J. IIur|)cr and ■). I>urL;i'ss, beinj,' about to leave for Australia, were (iuturtained ;il su])pcr, aiul presented witli an address by tlu! lodjj;e. On June 24, .lames Daniel was installed master for the latter part of iSf);!, ami re-elected in 18.")4. S. P. Avers was uuist(ir in LSrio. This was a year of consideralilc importance to St. John's Lod^ie. On April 10, the ([Uestion of Ihrowinj; olf allej,'iance to the (irand Lodffe of Ireland, and aililiating with tlic Grand Lod<,'e of Canada, caint- u\) for discussion, when it was resolved that it was e.xjx.'dient to lake tlie necessary steps toward.s that objecl. l)uring the tjveniu},' th(' .sum of £2.'i was <,a'anted from the ]od<,'e fumls to the English Patriotic Fund. On May S, the ma.sters and wardens were a])pointed delef,'ates to attend a convention at Hamilton, to cou- .sider the ijuestion of afliliation — A. S. Abbott dissenting. Tluire was no election on this occasion. On 0(!t(jl)er ",), another delegation from 209, in relation to the affiliation of the lodge with the Lodge of (..'anada, was a))])(tinted, consisting of Messrs. Daniel, Moffat and Ablntt, to attend an adjourned convention at Hamilton on the following day. The result was that, at the next regular connnunic^ition, Octobi;r Li, it was moved that Me.s.srs. Dani(d, Moore and Scatcherd be a connuittee to draft a resolution to the Lodge of Ireland, to the ell'ect that St. •John's Lodge, 20'.t, had cea.sed to work luider its jurisdiction. On the 27th it was further resolved that a necessity existed for the formation of an iiidc))endent Lodge of Canada, 209 pledging itself, as a lodge, t(i maintain the same ; also, that the Grand Lodge of Ireland be re(iucsted to permit the liisli warrant to remain in the lodge. The Lodge of Canada granted the lodge a charter bearing the ii'. liiimediiitely iiltcr this, evcrylhiiit,' ndiUin*^ to thn \nd<^c, ajjpcared in II statt! of cIuioh, on iiccoiiiit of the new St. .lolm's Lod<^(i ofticiirs Imvin;,' taken all liooks in connootion witli '2W. Th'W. iiro no vci'oids from -Inly 8, ]HM), to May I;>, 1859. Any iii((tiiii.'s that were hold vvciu; informal. Tlio loyal mcnilKM's, however, ntaiiM'd their old Iri.sh warrant, and continned to work under it a.s I'O'.t. On May 13, 18.")'.), the installation of oflioers, which should have taken jdacc in the previous Decetnher, was held, and Kdward Uarrett was cliosen master. For some time previously the (Irand Lodjre of t'luiaila refused to recofjuize St. . lolm's, 2(19, ns a lodf,'e, simply because it ]iivferred to woik under the Lodf^e of Ireland. The second installa- tion in this year took place on November 10, with Etlward GaiTett as master. On the same date the lodj,'e forwarded two years' dues to the I,(i(li,'(i of Ireland, and the initiation fee was temporarily fixed at $12. On June 20, I86l>, the lod«,'e moved its (juarters to the new hall in the Albion buildings, llichmond .street, on which evening I'/lward (iarrett was again inslulled master. On Se])tember 26, the secretary WHS instructed, by a vote of the lodge, to ap])ly to St. -lohn's, No. 2(1, tor the recoi'ds of 209, or copies (tf the same, held in its possession. On Decemlier 27, llichard Irvine was installed master for 18fll. The lodge now began to show signs of prosjierity. On the 24th of .Iiine, (teorgb Taylor was installetl master, and a dinner was given at Diilniage's Hotel. On duly 10, a dejiutation from 209, appoitited to visit the Grand Lodge of Canada, then in session at London, reported timt they had been refused admittance. Mr. Tully, the representative of the Irish lodge, promised to visit 209 and explain, but failing to do s(i, a vote of censure was passed u])on him by the lodge, and, on Novem- Ix'V 28tli, a resolution was passed to communicate with Representative Tally, and request him to take immediate steps towards demanding a recognition of 209 by the sister lodges in London. At the same meet- ing, a letter was read from the Grand Secretary of the (jlrand Lodge of li'claiid, guaranteeing to sustain the rights and privileges of 209 as long as any of its memb(?rs desired to remain under its jurisdiction. Edward Garrett was installed master, 1802. April 2, a proclama- tion was submitted, issiied by the Grand Lodge of C'anada, forbidding Masonic intercourse by the Canadian lodges with 209. On June 24, Francis Evans Cornish was installed ma.ster. On July 16, a letter was received from the Grand Secretary, announcing that in view of the action of the Grand Lodge of Canada, in forbidding intercourse with 20\\ it had instructed its representative Tully, to withdraw from the (irand Lodge of ( "anada. This action proved, to a certain extent, effec- tual in bringing matters to an issue, for on November 20, a letter was read from Tully, announcing that the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, had revoked all edicts and decisions passed by said Omnd Lodge, against 209, and had declared it entitled to full and free I'pcognition by the Grand Lodge of (Janada, and all her subordinate lodges. Francis Evans Cornish was master for 1803. The war was continued 328 HISTOUY OF THE this year on the part of No. 20, with unrelenting vigor. On the ISth of March, Mr. Jacobs reported that he was refused admission to No. 20, because he was a member of 209. After this, a more concihatory tone was evinced by the opposing lodges, and efforts suggested by them to come to terms. To this end, therefore, on Ai)ril 2, 209 appointed a committee to meet similar committees from Kilwinning and St. John's, 20, to discuss the question. On June 24, an address was sent to the Duke of Leinster, con- gratulating him upon attaining tlie election of Grand Master of Ireland for the fifteenth time. On -lune 24, Francis Cornish was installed, .iiid banqueted at the Francis Hotel. On December 2.S, Thomas Winnett was installed master for 1864, and pre.sented Mr. (,'ornish with a past- master's jewel. The other city lodges .still treated 2011 as clandestine Masons. All the troubles was simply this : St. John's, 200, desired to pursue their labors under the Irish wairant, and the other l(xli,'(;s wished to prevent it ; and, as they could not, hence this treatment. On Feb. .'i, Mr. Morrison was charged by Mr. Balkwill with exposing the grips and signs of the order in a public tavern. He was found guilty of the charges, and expelled. On March 2, a communication was received from St. John's, 20, to this eifect, that if 209 would withdraw all claims to the jewels and furniture in the possession of 20, that lodge would surrender to 209 all books, ])apers, and other documents originally the property of said lodge : this was not acted upon. On April 27, it was reported to the lodge that the warrant had been stolen from the hall, and a committee was appointed to unravel the mystery. In the meantime, it was decided that a new warrant should be applied for from the Grand Lodge of Ireland. The committee could find no trace of the stolen warrant. On May 18, a proposition was submitted to the lodge from the joint committees of St. George'.s, Kilwinning and St. John's, 2i), ottering a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Canada, free of charge. The offer was treated with contempt. On July 6, a new duplicute warrant to replace the stolen one was received from Ireland. Tliomas Win!iett was iiLstalled master in June. On August 17, word \va.s received that the Grand Lodge of Canada, at its recent session, refused to take action upon Mr. Tully's reju'esentations respecting the Can- adian lodges. December 27, Kichard Wigmore was installed master for 1865, and in June following, S. W. AI)bott. VV. S. Smith was in- stalled master for 18()6, and W. T. Fairbrother was insUdled for the second half-year. Small-pox being ])revalent, the usual dinner was dispensed with. On December 27, James O'Connor was installed ma.s- ter for 1867. The number of meetings held this year averaged four per month. On June 24, A. S. Abbott was installed master. On December 27, David Buckler was installed master for 1868. On June 17, James O'Connor was charged with conspiring with other members to coniiiel young members to sign a document calculated to subvert the govern- COUNTY OF MIDULESKX. a29 iiiuiit of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. On June li4, David ]^)iickler was !if,'aiii master. Under the difliciiltie.s in which 209 hiborcd at thi.s ]it'vi(Ml, and for some time before, the Grand Lodge of Irehvnd did (ivi'vvthing to restore harmony, and instructed its rei)resentative. Tully, to lend his be-st efforts to attain this object : 209 received no .satisfac- tion from Tully ; and, it was rej)orted, that he was working for tlie iiitfiv'ts of the Grand Lodge of Canada. P>erythingthat was ])ossible to be done to outrage 209 was done by the malcontents. The lodge collar.-*, ajiron.'i, jewels, and other jn-ojjerty were stolen, the windows broken, anil otiier indignities ofl'ered. Still, 20'.l remained solid ; although, on one occasion, it was necessary to get tin jewels and tin swords for the tyler. David Buckler was master i.- 18(39. On June 1(1, it having been ascertained who were the guilty parties concerned in itbstvacting lodge jirojjerty, a call was made upon Messrs. Ferguson, Moi'den, Thomas Powell, Fletcher and John Gray, to return tho articles. On July 21, Andrew Mc( 'ormick was installed master. 8. W. Abbott was master for 1870, and re-elected in June of that year. On May 18, the lodge contributed a sinn of SoO in aid of the Masonic Boys' Orphan School, Dublin. On October 19, the lodge made another grant of i^oO towards the Female Orphans' School, at Dublin. On December 2], Thomas Peel was installed master for 1881 ; and June 2 1, a grant of £2 was sent in aid of the lifeboat service on the IrLsh coast. On December 20, John Shopland was installed ma.ster for 1872. This year opened with bright prospects. On A])ril 17, a motion was submitted to the lodge, " That, in order to reston; harmony among the brethren, applicaticjn be made to the Grand I^odge of (/anada for a charter, provision being made that 209 retain its num- ber and be ])ermitted to continue its ])resent ancient Irish work." On .lune 19, the new warrant was received; but, no guarantee accompany- ing it that the lodge would be allowed to proceed in its present work, it was ordered to remain in litatu quo until such guarantee was forwarded. On July 17, John Shopland wa.s installed master. The guarantee referred to had by this time been received, of which the following is a copy :— "Special permission granted, with warrant, to St. John's, 2U9(a), G. K. C. " To all whom it may concern : — "This is to certify that St. John's, 209, I. R., meeting iit London, Province of Ontario, having affiliated itself with this Grand Lodge, authority is hereby given to Master, Wardens and ISrothers of said Lodge to continue their work as heretofore. "Given under our hand and seal of Grand Lodge this 'Jth day of July, 1S72. " By command, "Tno.s. H. Hauius, Grand Secretary." The report was adopted, and the lodge, from that date, liu3 worked under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Canada, m harmony with other lodges. After installation, A. S. Abbott was presented with an address and a service of plate, for distinguished services said to have been rendered the lodge. On December 27, James O'Connor wa.s 330 HISTOKY OF THE installed for 187M, being the first installation under the new warrant. The ceremony was performed in concert with the other lodj,'es, in their hall, Buckley's buildin<,'s, liichmond street. The lodge now returned to its old form of annual elections in December. The bitter feeling existing between the two St. John's lodge,s was not yet healed, for, (in April 1(), Mr. Hawthorn reported that he had been refused admission to No. 20. On motion, the (^rand I^odge of Injland was ordered to lie ciimmunicated with, asking it to return the original warrant of 21)9, cancelled, that it might be retained and hung up in the lodge-room as a reminder of days gone by. On October 15, the committee on lodge accommodation rejiorted that terms had been made whereby 20!l(a'! miglit occujiy the hall in which the other lodges met, in the Huron & Erie buildings, Richmond street. On December 17, Duncan Mcl'liuil was installed master for 1S74. On February 18, the terms of agree- ment between the lodges for occu])ying the new hall by 2U'.l(a) were signed, and, on August 1 9, the first meeting was held there. On December 27, Thomas H. Tracy was installed master for 187"), and re-elected for 1876. On November 11, 187n, a new organ was purchased at a co.st of !:p2.')(). On February 10, Mr. Burnett was pre- sented with a past-master's jewel. On December 27, \Vm. Hawthorn was installed master for 1877. Benjamin \V. Greer was installed master for 1878. On February 9, Thomas Haskett was buried with Masonic honors. March 14, the lodge presented W. Hawthorn with a past- master's jewel, and on .May U, 1). McPhail was made the recipient of a jewel. On June 20, the brethren attended the funeral of \Vm. Taylor, and November 27, the remains of Mr. Rapley were interred with the usual rites. A. J. B. Macdonald was installed master for 187'.t. On this occasion a past master's jewel was presented to Mr. , A. F. d- A. J/., G. R. C.—Thk lodge verged 332 HISTORY OF THE OHt of 20il in the year 1852, as will be seen in the history of 209, ami is, consequently, the next oldest lodge now in existence in this city. Its warrant was granted by the Grand Lodge of England through Sir A. N. McNab, tlien Provincial Grand Master of Canada, dated Novenibei' 22, and called St. George's, H95. The following is a correct copy of the charter members: — Tliompson Wilson. Ashbell Charles Stone, David Sterling, J. .M. Bennett, Thomas Hasket, William Barker, Wm. Shiphin, Patrick Hennessey, and AVilliam Niles, who was a past master of Mount Moriah Lodge 77^1, and the founder of the village of Nilestown. The first meeting was held in Robinson Hall, Decem- ber 1, 1852, when the following ofticers were installed, in the order of rank, by Past Masters Shepphard, Bennett and Hennessey : — Thomp.son Wilson, A. C. Stone, David Sterling, Parke, Hyman, W. Smith and D. Mackenzie. On December 21, this lodge acted in conjunction with 209 at tlie installation of King Solomon's Lodge, Woodstock. On the 19th of January, 185.'!, Lieutenant Cliarles Carnegie, of the 20th Regiment, was initiated into the first degree, being the first in this lodge. He being only 19 years old, a special dispensation was granted by the Provincial Grand Lodge for liis initiation. On June 24, the lodge went to St. Thomas to assist at the installation of a new lodge. On September 14, the master asked the lodge to advance the amount of a Royal Arch Warrant, about to be obtained from the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of England, by a number of Royal Arch Masons belonging to this lodge, and which chapter is to be attached to St. George's Lodge. The amount was ordered to be advanced, and to be repaid as soon as the chapter was in a position to do so. About this time the members were anxious to build a hall, but not having sufficient funds, the subject was dropped, and they figreed to use the same hall as 209. On the same date, December 14, an invitation was received from St. Thomas Lodge, No. 2."i2, to attend a ball to be held there on the 27th. On that date, Thompson Wilson was installed master for 1854. On January 11, the master ordered that if any of the ofHcers absent themselves from the lodge witlmut showing just cause, they pay the sum of sevenpence half-penny; but this fine was afterwards abolished. An invitation was received from J. T. Lundy to assist at the opening of the revived Union Lodge, No. 494, Grimsby. This was accepted. The amount of woik up to this time was very large. The following are some who were initiated : — Frederick Brock, captain 2.'!rd Regiment ; Jas. Dull', lieut- enant 2ord Regiment ; Richard Burrows, Ethan R. Paul, Wm. Warren Street, George Macbeth, John B. Smyth, Chas. Hutchinson, M. Holmes Hammond, Edwin Heathfield, and John Kipp Brown. On the ■_'4tli of June, this lodge joined with 209 at a dinner at J. McDowell's hotel, tickets being ten shillings each. On December 27, John Hard- ing was installed master for 1855. On June 6, the master appointed Messrs. Holmes, Hennessey and Muir to find a suitable room for the COUNTY OK .M1UUL.ESKX. 333 ](i(l;je. W. K. Muir was at this time connected with the (Ireat Western Kailway in this city. On June 24, they atrain associated with 209 at a dinner in celebration of the day. At the regular meeting, July 11, it was moved by A. G. Smyth, and seconded by Mr. Urciuhart. that the delegates from Ht. George's Lodge to the Provincial Grand Lodge do usu every lawful endeavor to support any motion that may unite all ^hlsons in the Province of Canada under one Canadian Grand Lodge. Tills was carried ; only a few members objecting. Strife again began to sl!(i\v itself a little. On August 22, a lodge-room was procured on the fourth story of Wiiitehouse's building, corner of King and Richmond streets, at a rent of £30. On September 5, the lodge attended the funeral of William I>. Lee, of 200. On October o, it was moved by J. B. Smyth, and seconded by J. K. Brown, that Mr. Harding be a delegate to the (jiaiid Lodge, in Hamilton, on the 10th inst. This was carried, while the amendment by W. K. Muir, seconded by R. R. Grindly, that this lodge take no action relative to convention to be held in Hamilton, as fhuy wi.shed to remain under the Grand Lodge of England, was lost. Tills time things were getting in a bad .state, for, at the same meeting, \V. K. Muir moved, seconded by J. B. Smyth, that the master, wardens and the past-masters attend the meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge, to lio held in Toronto, October 25th, and this lodge pay the expenses. The first meeting was held in the new hall November 7, when it was moved by J. K. Urquhart, seconded by Geo. Holmes, that the thanks of St. George's Lodge, No. SO"), be tendered Mrs. S. W. Scobell for her valuable present to the lodge, the same being a cushion, liy the mitmtes of this meeting, it was not allowed for any member to receive a degree inili'ss he was able to pass a proper examination. On November 28, Ml'. Muir moved, seconded by Mr. Grindly, that the thanks of this lodge be tendered to the members of St. John's, 200, for their kindness in allowing them ,so long the use of their room and furniture ; and, that tlit'v wish to reciprocate by offering the use of St. George's Hall to said members, provided they are allowed by the Grand Master. This motion was lost. in December Jr'Mj Harding was installed master for 185G. Among the members of thi. year are found Andrew ( 'leghorn, P. T. Worth- iiigton and T. W. Thomas. On March 12, the lodge was styled St. George's, No. 805, English register, and No. o5. Provincial register; for this reason, the (Jrand Lodge of Canada was in its infancy, and at least a dozen others were trying to get the lead, while nearly everybody was seeking oOice of some kind or other. On May 2y H. D. Moorhou.se, seconded by T. Mackie, tlmt this lodge recpiest the Grand Lodge to use their best endeavors td secure the cooperation of the fraternity in Canada East, so that, if possible, it may be a Grand Lodge of ( 'anada East and West. Uotli resolutions were carried, and a cojjy of the above sent to the I'roviuoiid Grand Secretary. On December 27, Jolm K. Brown was installinl master for ISil?. This was a year of great im})ortauce to tlu; lodge, for in it occurreil the sei)anitioii from the English Grand Lodge. On January 7, a sum- mons was rea, it was moved that Mr. Wilson be com- ])elled to give up the furniture without any conditions. Nothing woulil please either party. Finally this lodge had to leave the old room. They then moved to the hall occupied by St. John's Lodge, to which lodge the sincere thanks of St. George's, No. ;!7, were tendered, for the kind way they aided them in their trouble. On the same date, the thanks of the lodge were tendered to Kilwinning Lodge for the loan of their jewels and the many kindnesses rendered by them. At this same meeting, a resolution condemiung the actions of Mr. Wilson was ]iassed, but was expunged on the 7th of ALxy, LSo8. On March 17, a concert was given in aid of the widow of Mr. Kugemer, the sum of 8200 being realized. On Ajiril 14, the lodge attended the funeral of James ?.Iollat, .sen., of St. John's Lodge. This year J. K. Brown was appointed delegate to attend the Grand Lodge. The festival of St. John was again celebrated in conjunction with Kilwiiuiing and St. John's Lodges. On September 1, circulars were printed and sent to the members of the late St. George's Lodge, 895, requesting them to state whether or not they considered themselves members of this lodye. 336 HISTOUY 01' THE Oil account of its beiiij^ necessary to fill up the blanks sent from tlif! Grand Lo(l<;e of Canada, the names were f^iven, and now all ig jjcace and harniony. On December '11, H. D. ^Toorhouse was installed master for ISol) Captain Wilson, P. I). 1). G. M., acted as installinir master. On this same date, the lodge presented .) . K. Brown with a past-master's jewel. On March 2, the ])roceedinf,'s of the Grand Lodge were niatl to the lodge. On August 3, the secretary read a copy of a hotter frnni the Grand Lodge of England to the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, referring to the difficulties now amicably settled, in which the Graiui Lodge of Canada was recogiiized by the Grand l^odge of Eiiglfind. On September 7, a communication was received from the Grand Lodge of (Canada, with notification of change of number; that, in future, the lodge should be known as St. George's Lodge, No. 42, of London, Canada West, and was so registered in the Grand Lodge of Canada. In September, this lodge assi.sted Kilwinning Lodge in laving the foundation-stone of St. James's (Jluirch. On St. John's Day, I). D. G. AL Thomas Willson, with a statV of Grand Lodge ofi^icers, dedicated the new hall in ancient form, and in- stiilled Thomas Mackie as master for 1.860. At a special meeting, held April 11, the following resolution was moved by 1*. M. Moorhouse, seconded by Mr. Thomas Mahon, " That we, as a lodge, do hereby signify our disapprobation of the course of conduct pursued by Lodge 209, 1. K., throughout, and request our master to refuse them admit- tance to this lodge until the views of the Grand Lodge of Canada shall officially be made known." On June 6, the master ordered that three medals be struck in commemoration of the union of Masonry in ( 'anada, one of which was presented to R. li. Grindley as a mark of esteem. On JJecember 27, Thomas Mahon was installed master for 1861. A little wrangling with Kilwinning, over rents, characterized the busi- ness of the year. On December 27, P. J.Dunn was installed master ior 1862. In the evening a ball was held in conjunction with the other lodges. On March 5, a communication was received from the Grand Master of Canada relative to three lodges working in an irregular and unconstitutional manner: St. George's Lodge, 64l>, St. Lawrence Lodge, No. 023, E. 11., at the city of Montreal, and St. John's Ivodge, No. 209, I. It., at the city of London ; and requiring all Masons under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of ('anada not to give countenance to, or receive into the lodge, any person hailing from the above-named lodges. On July 2, St. George's Lodge, No. 42, received an invitation from the master of Grand River Lodge, Berlin, to assist at the ceremony of laying the corner-stone of a church on July 15. This was accejjted, and the members attended. On December .'!, a circular was received from the Grand Master, containing his . At the regular meetiiii,', March 2, P. M. Baron de Camin, of Industry Lodge, No. 8(), London, England, gave a short leotiu'e, which was well received. On Octolier 5, the master ajipointed Messrs. Burdett, Arnold and J?alkwill to iict with committees from the other lodges to procure a new lodgeroinu. On December 7, the committee rejmrted having secured a room over the new building of the Huron & Erie Savings Society, at an annual rent of SI 25. On December 27, Isaac Waterman was installed master for 1H71. On January 5, occurred the funeral of Mr. Hill. Ou July 1, this lodj^e laid the foundation-.stouo of the Charing Cro.ss Hotel. On SeptemluT 0, Messrs. Smith, Skinner and Vinney, were apjwinted by the master to confer with the committees of the sister lodges, for the purjiose of dedicating the new Masonic Hall — the sum of S50 was granted by the lodge to assist in defraying expen.ses of said dedication . On December 27, a joint meeting of the lodges was held for the ))urpose of installa- tion, and John Balkwill was installed master for 1872. On January 3, the lodge was called for the purpo.se of attending the funeral of l3. McKinney, of St. John's Lodge, No. 82, I'aris. On June 30, the brethren attended the funeral of Thomas K. Wcstcott, and on July 2, that of N. Watson. The membershi]) of the lodge increased very materially during this year. On December 27, by con.sent of the masters of the several lodges, a lodge was opened for the purpose of installing the officers elect, with ¥. Westlake presiding. W. F. Green was installed master for 1873. The first meeting was held in the new hall, on January 8 ; William Moore (land agent) was the first to receive a degi'ee in this hall. On December 29, William Thornton was in- stalled master for 1874. On May 0, the officers presented the lodge with a silver water pitcher and goblets. William Watson was buried by this lodge on the 26th of October. On December 27, the lodge attended divine service at St. Paul's — the sermon being preached by G. M. Innes, Grand Chaplain. William Green was installed master for the year 1875. On the 19th of May, there was some trouble about the formation of a lodge styled Eden Lodge, which was organized at that time ; also a motion, that the Grand Lodge grant Corinthian, 330, a charter. Decern- COl'NTY OK MIDDLKSKX. 339 licr 27, Williiuii Flt'iniiij; wus iiistalloil tnastcjr for l.S7(). Fcibniary 2, Williimi (jioeii was imisenti'd with a jewel and an address. A sediti- (U18 (Jrand Loilj^e was lonned at tliis time, consisting,' of members of till' several city lodj,'es. Tlu! members wen; ordc^red by tin; (irand Master to liolil no intercourse with tlusm, also requested the master of tliis lod<,'e to confer de. Tliis installation was ]ierformed in Corinthian lod^'e-room, 11, \V. l5ro. Casciiden, installiii}^ oili(!er. Febru- ary 5, past master's jewels were jn'esented to Messrs. Murray and Nelles. On June 4, it was moved, that this lod<,'e assist the committee •ijijMiinted by Grand Lodge, viz., Messrs. Moll'at, I>t!wis, IWrrell, and llungerford, to heal the members of the so-called Grand Lodge of Ontario, by starting a new lodge, to be cdletl Union. On the 1 '.»th of December, the lodge attended the funeral of J. M. Honnett. Andrew Ellis was installeil master for 18, they attended the fimeral of James Donnelly. On the 27th of December, H. Bapty was installed master for 1 888. List of Deputy District Grand Masters of London District : — James Daniel, 1856 ; Thompson Wilson, 1857 ; James Molfat, 1858 ; Thompson Wilson, 1859; T. Wolfer.stan Thoma.s, 18i)0 ; George Masson, 18G1 to 1863; C. J. S. Askin, 18(14-5; Francis Westlake, 186f ohn E. Brooke, 1868-9; George Billington, 1870-1 ; Francis Wesi. .e, 1872; D. B. Burch, 1873; W. D. McGloghlon, 1874-5 ; MO HWTOKV OK rnK Dr. JiuiK's Sutton, l.Cl't ; J. M. IJiin^lmrt, 1S77; J. CiisoukMi, 187S; It. B. llunt^ortbnl, 1H70 ; Kobeit McKiiv, 188(1 ; Willuun Milu.-r, 1881 , L. G. .larvi.s, 1862 ; II. G. Lindsiiv, 1883 ; W. (l.LiiinU'v, 1884 ; .loliii Simpson, 188.".-0 ; Luke Slater, 1887 ; and V. N. Spencer, 1888. .S7. John'n IaiiIijc, yu :J0, A. F. it- A. M., wiia cliiirteretl by the Grand L()d<;e of Canada, November L'(i, 18,"ir>, and registered as No. 14, and is now called No. L'O. The followini^ is a list of the charter mem- bers: — .James Alotfat, William Thorn, .lolm T. Mackenzie, Williimi Daniel, Josei>h L. Kolfe, .b)hn McDowell, Thomas Allen, Thouius Francis, List of Wor.shi]iful Masters: — James MoilUt, LSfiO-? ; Thos. Francis, 1858; Edwin Healhfield, 18r)'.l; Thomas T. Irvinj,', 18()U-1 ; William Daniel, 18(1LJ; John Innes Alaekenzie, 18().". ; John Hanv, I8(i4; John K. Clare, 186.VG ; It. Uooth, 18(i7 ; James MoMat, 18(18; (iraham Glass, 186'.i; M. 1). Dawson, 187(1; William McHride, 1871; Robert Wallace, 1872; William KoUmeyer, 1873; It. Luxton, 1874; H. L. Kifner, 1875; John Wri<,'ht, 1870; A. B. Greer, 1877; Henry Dreaney, 1878; Levi Hall, 187!*; F. H. Mitchell, 1880; William McCadden, 1881-2; Jcseph Hook, 1883; James Dunn, 1884; Janios H. Wilson, 188."); A. II Greer, 188(J; (Jeor},'e Elliott, 1887; Josejih H. Marshall, 1888. James Molliit, P. M. W. G. M., is the only charter member left. Ktlwivmiuj Lodge, Xo. H/f, A. F. , with the following chfirter incniliers :— Williiim Fh^ming, William Mills, AVilliam A. I). Fiuser, William Haymau, Samuel Crawford, Titus McNaughton, M. D. Daw- sun, 1). Y. Hoyt, A. M. llos.s, James Cook, William I). Eckort, James Anlill, Isaac Waterman and James Cam])I)ell. The first j)lace of nu'cling was Allister's Hall, Adelaide Street, London East. The fol- lowing is a list of the Worshipful Masters : — William Fhiiuing, 1875 ; A. M. Ross, 187G, died 1880; James Cook, 1877; James Ardill, 1.S7S-'.), died 1883. On December 27, 1878, the now Ma.sonic Hall (Crawford's IJlock) was dedictited by K. W. IJro. Cascadoii, assisted by 1{. \\ . r>ios. Waterman, Tracy and llev. llichard.soii. Basil W, Haiiiiltoii, 1880, died 188:!; Herbert C. Simpson, 18SI ; George F Chikls, 1882; Robert Uonney, 1883; Charles N. Sjiencer, 18S4; Alexander Irvine, 1885 ; Otto E. lirener, 1881; ; Frank W. Lilley, 1887; J. J. Cuthbertson, 1888. Union Lodge, No. o80, A. F. . Hurch, Edward K. Slater, 0. J. Bridle, William Miller, Joim K. I'eel, Daniel M. Bowman, Egerton It. Robinson, Archi- bald McPhersTii, W. Y. Brunton, Charles A. (Jonover, Alfred Y. Brown, l^asil W. Hamilton, J. W. Jones, John C. Brown, Benjamin W. Greer, W. T. Edge, F. C. Hood. The inasters uf the lodge are named as follows :— William Halton Street, 1879-80; L. G. Jarvis, 1881; E. R. Robinson, 1882; Oliver J. Bridle, 1888: C. L. Sanagan, 1884; David Sohwaitzer, ISS;") ; James Peace, 1886 ; A. ('. Stewart, 1887. Enoch Council, Ko. 10, R. A S. M., received its warrant from the Grand Conncil of Canada, July -3, 1874, with the following charter members : — James O'Conner, .tohn Burnett, W. R. Browne, H. L Kifner, Jf.sei.h Bigott, W. D. McGloghlon, H. A. Baxter, I). B. liurcli, and William Thornton. List of Thrice Illu.strious Ma.sters : — James O'Connor, 1874 and 187(; ; H. L. Kifner, 1877 ; W. II. Browne, 1878; H. A. Ikxter, 1879; William Hawthorn, 1880; W. H. Rooks, 1881. N(. meetings have since been lield, but the Council still holds the charter. ^Y. Joint's Chapter, No. S, R. A. M., G. C. C, was originally numbered 209, I. R., connected with St. John's Lodge, 209. The charter was granted May !■'>, 1844, by the Grand Chajjter of Ireland, to the following members : — John McDowell, Samuel Peters, William Gunn, Alexander S. Armstrong, David Coombs, James McDowell, George Code, Hem'y Groves, Andrew McCormick. Tlie list of High Priests is as fol'ows : — John McDowell, 1844; Samuel Peters, 1845. No trace of the miimtes from this date up to I8r)9 ; neither can be found the exact rlate of tlie different High Priests, viz., Josejih F. Rolfe and Edward Garrett. Josejih F. Rolfe, 18o6-7. Tliere was some trouble in the year 1859. The charter was surrenderetl by some and held by others, vlio continued to work at odd times, with Joseph F. Holfe as High Priest. No miimtes from May, 18.")'.', to March, 1863. Edwin Heathfield, 1861; James Mollat, 1802 (by Grand Chapter return) ; A. S. Abbott, 1863; Richard Irvine, 1864 ;" George Taylor, 18(i.'. ; W. S. Smith, 1866; James O'Connor, 1867; Andrew McCormick, 1868; S. W. Abbott, 1869; Richard Irvine, 1871; S. W. Ablji.tt, 1872; Janios O'Connor, 187-"'; while Thomas Wiimett, Richard Wigmore and F. E, Cornish were also High Priests of this Chaiiter. A charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Canada, Kith of August, 1873, to the following members :—S. W. Abbott, Andrew McCormick, .lames O'Connor, A. S. Abbott, John Siddons, George S. Birrell Thomas Peel, Duncan McPhail, John Scandrett, John Burnett, Richard Irvine, Joseph Pigott, Richard Wigmore, W. S. Smilli, Thoma.s AVinnett and George Taylor. The list of First Principals is as follow,s: — James O'Connor, 1S73-6 ; Thomas H. Tracy, 1877; Duncan .Mc- Phail, 1878; William Hawthorn, 1879-80 ; William H. Rooks, 1881 ; William Hawthorn, 1882-3; I^enjamin W. Greer, 1884; .lohn S. Dewar, 188.".; Jo,seph Hook, 1886; Alexander McQueen, 1887; A. E. Cooper, 1888. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 343 St. Georye's Chaj^ter, No. 5, R. A. M., received its wan-ant from the Grand Chapter of England, February 1, 1854. The charter mem- bers were : — Thompson Wilson, Patrick Hennessey, J. M. Beiniett, J. W. Little, G. F. Parke, A. G. Smyth, Mark Burgess, A. Walsh, T. F. McMullen. The list of First Principals is as follows : — Thompson Wilson, 1854-55; Patrick Hennessey, 1856-57; Thompson Wilson, 1858-59. A charter was granted by the Grand Chapter of Canada, Mfirch 8, 18(10. The list of First Principals is as follows : — Thomp- son Wilson, 18l)0-()l ; James M. Bennett, 18(12 ; Thompson Wilson, 1863-(14-()5 ; A. G. Smyth, 1860-67 ; Thomas F. McMullen, 1868 A. G.Smyth, 180;i ; Thomas F. McMullen, 1870; F. Westlake, 1871 William Carey, 1872 ; W. D. McGloghlon, 1873 ; H. A. Baxter, 1874 Isaac Waterman, 1875; R. Lewis, 1876-7; M. I). Dawson, 1878 .John Ferguson, 187'J-8(»; John Overell, 1881; Thomas Brock, 1882 Andrew Ellis, 1883 ; Albert O. JelVery, 1884 ; H. C. Simp.son, 1885 Edward Burke, 188(5 ; A. B. Munson, '1887-88. Kihvinnimj R. A. Cliapter, No. 10, was chartered July 10, 1858. Tlie list of Excellent Companions comprises the name of William Daniel, 1858-62. As there were no returns made to the Grand Chap- ter, the warrant was taken i-ack August 11, 1863. London Chapter of Rose Croix, G. H. R. D. M., Ancient and Accejded Scottish Rite, was warranted by the Supreme Grand Council of England and Wales and the dependencies of the British Crown, July 14, 1868. July 13, 1888, Colonel McLeod Moore, Sov. G. Ins. G., 33°; Capt. Thompson Wilson, 18°; J. W. Merton, 32'; William Keid, 32^ Chas. A, I'.irge, :\2°- William Edgar, 32^; Hugh A. Mackay, 32'; and Rev. James I). Gibson, 32', held a meeting in the Masonic Hall, and pro- ceeded to constitute the following brethren Knights of the Eagle and Pelican : — Eev. St. George Cantield, Thomas McCrackcn, A. G. Smyth, G. T. Barnwell, Thomas B. Robbs, Thomas B. Harris, James Molfat, Thomas Beattio, W. S. Smith, David Borland, Benj. F. Byron, and Thomas F. McMullen. Thompson Wilson was installed Most Wi.sn Sovereign for 18(18-70 ; James MoH'at, 1871-3; William Simjjson Smith, 1874-5; William Carey, 1876; Thomas Beattie, 1877; George S. Birrell, 1878; .lohn Macbeth, 1879 ; Andrew W. Porte, 188(» ; James Priddis, 1881 ; Hamilton A. Baxter, 1882; James Ardill, 1883; Dr. James Niven, 1884; I. Danks, 1885; C. Norman Siiencer, 1886; and John Shar- raan, 1887. fA))idon Lodf/c of Perfection, No. A, Ancient and Accepted Scot- dak Rife, is worked under the same warrant as the chapter, but was started sejiarately, May 3(1, 1884. The following is a list of Thrice Puissant Grand Masters ; — A. W. Porte, 1884-6 ; C. Norman Spencer, l«cS7 ; J. D. Siiarman, 1888. HaltoMat Temple, A. A. 0. U. A/. iS., was warranted by the Imjierial Grand Council of the United States, Grand Orient, New York, on the 344 HISTORY OF THE 13th of July, 1886. The charter members were John S. Dewar, Thomas Beattie, Joseph Beck, George S. Birreii, Albert E. Cooper, William Hawthorn, Frederick J. Hood, (.'harles B. Hunt, Alexander Irvine, Eobert V. Kingsmill, A. W. Porte, John A. Rose, H. C. Simjison, ( '. N. Spencer and VV. R. Vining. J. S. Dewar presided in LSSO, and A. W. Porte in 1887. Richard Caiur dc Lion, Ko. 4, i^- '^- ^ A'. M., was warranted by the Grand Commander of England and Wales, ]\Iay L".t, 18.")7. The charter members were, Thompson Wilson, James Daniel, I'eter James Dunn, Andrew McCormick, Andrew Walsh, John Stewart, Williiiiu Grey. List of Commanders, Thomjison Wilson, 1 857 to 18511 ; William Muir, 1860; T. Wilson, 1861 ; Thomas McCracken, lS(;7-8 ; Thomp- son Wilson, 1869; James MolTat, 1870; A. G.Smyth, 1876; David B. Bnrch, 1877-8; Thomas H. Tracy, 1879; William Hawthorn, 188i); H. A. Baxter, 1881; Dr. James Sutton, 1882-3; John P>. Smyth, 1884 ; John S. Dewar, 1885 ; Herbert C. Simpson, 1886 ; Thoiiias Broclc, 1887 ; Wilham Hawthorn, 1888. The list of Right Excellent Grand Su]>erintendents is as follows :— James Daniel, 1858-60; Thompson Wilson, 1860-2; Edwin Heath- field. 1863; Thompson Wilson, 1864; Charles Kahn, 1865-8; T. F. McMullen, 1869-71 ; John A. McKenzie, 1872; William Gary, 1873; Thomas McXab, 1874 ; -lames O'Connor, 187."i ; Giiorge E. Murphy, 1876; A. G. Smyth. 1877; Robert Lewis, 1878; H. A. Baxter, I87'.i; St. George Caulfield, 1880; William Hawthorn, 1881; .lames Noble, 1882; Robert McKay, 1883-4; R. B. Hungerford, 1885; David Trotter, 1886 ; Samuel S. Glutton, 1887 ; Edward Burke, 1888. The Grand Lodge of Outario was formed by Francis Westlake, John R. Peel, William H. Street, -lames F. Latimer and William W^. Fitzgerald. These brethren, without the consent of one lodge, ])ro- claimed themselves a grand lodge, although there were at that time 305 lodges, re[)resenting 16,000 Masons in active membership, and at least an equal number unaffiliated. They found many discontents and dupes, and flourished in a small way for a short time. Lodges were instituted in this city, also in the surrounding towns ; but now all is pa.ssed, and only the name remains, for all the brethren of iniy consequence were healed at the formation of Union Lodge, 380, anil King Solomon Lodge, 378. The Masonic Temple was begun May 12, 1881, when the following contracts were sold : — For the brick woi'k, Messrs. Goldsmith & Gar- rett ; carpenters' and joiners' work, Thomas Green & Co. ; cut stone work, John Matheson ; slating, George Riddell ; galvanized iron, Messrs. Douglas Bros., of Toronto ; plumbing and gas fitting, S. Saun- ders ; steam fittings, McLennan & Fryer; plastering, F. Mcintosh; painting and glazing, W. Noble ; iron stairways and gallery fronts, Poulson & Eger, lirooklyn, N. Y. ; stone and wood carving, Holbrook & Mollington, Toronto. The gentlemen who have represented the stock- holders are : — President, Col. Lewis ; vice-president, Geo. S. Birrell ; COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 345 treasurer, H. Waterman ; directors, Messrs. W. J. Keid, J. 15eattie, C. S. Hyinaii, I. Waterman, H. I). Long, and J. Priddis. Of these, Messrs. Lewis, Binell, H. Waterman and ('. S. Hynian, conijwsed tlie building committee. To Messrs. Tracy and Durand belong the credit of designing the .structure and bringing it to a successful completion March 7, 1882, when it was opened with gi'eat ceremony. The con- tract jirice of the structure was §82,500. Eureka Lodye, No. 80, Independeuf Order of Oddfellows, was instituted by dispensation from the Grand Lodge of the United States, January 0, 1854, making it the oldest lodge in the city. The charier meniliers were : — William Smith, Geo. W. Ashton, William Hissell, H. C. Hughes and James Westland. Eureka Joined the Grand Lodge of Ontario, August, 18(11, with the same charter members. Tlie list of Noble Giancls comprises tlie following names : — Richard Anderson, William Atkins, H. G. Abbott, G. M. Anderson, ,]. Atkins, J. Darron, T. ]]rown, sen., Thomas lirock, L. W. Crawford, W. F. Darch, T. Ellis, Iv T Essery, Samuel Elory, J. Hunter, T, Howard, J. Hay, Ilev. W. T. Hughan, I. 15. Inglemals, James Jmy, li. Kirkpatrick, J. Milne, Jolm Mitchell, .F. jMills, George Mortimer, Joseph Newman, (ieorge Powell, sen,, George Powell, jun., Samuel Powell, Frank KiddoU, E. It. Iiobinson, .lames liogers, Wni. Skinner, A. C. Stewart, William Wyatt, J. G. Watson, Ed. Yealland. Forest City Lodge, Xo. 38, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted under a dispen- sation from the Grand Lodge of the United States in February, 1857 ; but joined the Grand Lodge of Canada West (now Ontario), August (!, 1861. The charter members were, William Smith, O. ?>. Ma]iles, Tiionias Partridge; and CJeorge S. liradway. The list of Past Grands comprises the names of Thomas Partridge, James Smith, Andrew Mc- Corniick, William Harrison, William Bissell, Edmund Beltz, F. C. Hanson, C. S. Collett, M. D. Dawson, Henry Ijcdtz, H. E. liuttery, A. J. ISn.'mner, George Shaw, J. W. Fletcher, Solomon Perry, II. F. Matthews, ,T. M. Weir, William Bell, John J. Porter, Thomas G. Lfjwe, Th(jmas Lawrence, William Kisk, W. H. Wigmore, James Uell, W. H. Warren, A. B. Greer, J. F. Howie, C. F. Colwell, Jolm McDonald, 1). A. McDermid, Fred. Wilniott, John Fairgreaves, J. M. Shaw, William ^Liddiford, John Tweed, John Brown, George Fox, P. J. Edmunds. Dominion, IahUjc, No. 4'*^, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted by dispensation Se])tember 18, 18(17. Charter granted by the Grand Lodge of Ontario August 1(1, 1868. Charter mend)ers :— J. J. Dyas, .L W. Jones, Hiram Kordes, Donald McPhail, J. C. Dodd, Angus Grant, Isaac Hogg. Meet in Oddfellows' Hall, Dundas street. List of Past Grands: — -I.J. Dyas, J. I). Dodd, J. W. Jones, William Jones, Isaac Hogg, Cl. T. Ciinipbcll, M. D., James Smith, Angn.s Grant, sr., C. H. Cooper, W. F. Howell, C. D. Tutlord, M. D.. T.' W. Smart, Wilmot Wood, John Hislop, Hem-y Bell, sr., Henry Merritt, William Greer, J. K. Master, H. J. Boyd. 346 HISTORY OF THE Victoria Lodge, No. 1, Daughters of Rehekafi, was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Ontario, Decembers, 18f)9, the members being : — William Bissell, James Heron, .1. J. iJyas, F. S. IJewey, John lia^ley, Mary Bissell, Sarah E. Partridfic, Harriet Pringle, Agnes Douglas, aiul Margaret Heron. The list of Noble Grands is as follows: — J. J. Dyns, John Atkins, Robert Kirkpatrick, Jaines Bell, John Ferguson, T. G. Lowe, Isaac Leighon, and Mrs. Church. Meet in Oddfellows' Hall, Dundas street. Victoria, No. 1, has seen many u])s and downs; l)ut still it IS the mother of the llebekahs, not only in this jurisdiction, Imt in the Continent of America. Chorasin Lodge, No. 190, 7. 0. 0, F., was organized under dis- pensation, August 7, 1S7(), and chartered August l(i, 1877, with the following members: — W. J. Shaw, F. Hickley, A. Efner, J. Haytiiiin, D. L. Hardy. The Past Grands are named as follows: — W. J. Shaw, O. Kichards, C. Crosbie, H. T. Staiidfield, Rev. G. W. Calvert, William Reid, J. Hardy, T. W. Standfield, T. Lee, F. Showier, Wm. Jacobs, J. A. Mathews, W. G. Willis, IL Ma.xwell, C. R. Somerville, James Fitzgerald, J. Cairncro.*s, A. Somerville, Wm. AUister, James Smith, James Welford, Wm. Watts, John Wliittaker. May Queen Ijodge, Ko. o. Daughters of Rebekah, was chartered March 14, 1884, the members being:— 1\ L. Hardy, T. W. Stanfiekl, William -Tacobs, James Fitzgerald, A. E. Sommerville, Emma Hardy, Mary Standfield, Allie Standfield, C. N. Cumiingham and Mary L. Fitzgerald. The Noble Grands have been : — D. L. Hardy, Mrs. D. L. Hardy, ]\Irs. H. C. Merritt, William Jacobs, Mrs. J. Smith, A. Som- merville, Miss Mary Saunders. Harmony Encampment, No. 3, I. 0. 0. F., was organized under dispensation by the Grand Lodge of the United States, September 8, 1865, with the following members : — .James Smith, M. D. Dawson, (Jeorge Powell, John R. Peel, Richard Wigmore, Robert Chapniau, Robert Ander.son and Edmund lieltz. Upon the formation of the Grand Encampment of Ontario, they received a charter from that body, August 11, 18()ll. The li.st of Chit4' Patriarchs is as follows: — James Smith, M. D. Dawson, Edmund Beltz, C. Miners, T. G. Lowe, C. F. Bingham, G. :\Iortimer, W. Darch, T. Blackwell (D. D. G. P.'s, as well), E. R. Robinson, John Mitchell. J. Watson, Estey Lowe, J. Sliaw, Samuel Powell, R. J. C. Dawson, William Bissell, Isaacs, John Milne, John Hunter, Samuel Flory, Thomas Brock, J. Howell. Adelphian Encampment, No. (iS, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered June 27, 187'J, with the following members :— Edmund lieltz, E. R. Robin- son, CI. T. Camiibell, F. Riddell, J. S. McDermid, F. Harding, W. T. Stenberg, T. P. Blackwell, William Riddell. Harry J. Boyd, C. F. Ayers, W. M. Greer, C. F. Col well, W. J. Craig, James Burr'iss, J. W. Maclaren. Meet in Oddfellow.s' Hall, Dundas street. The Past Chief Patriarchs are : — E. R. Robinson, Edmund Beltz, Dr. CI. T. Caui])- bell, H. J. Boyd, Henry Merritt, W. T. Stenberg, T. P. Jilackwell, C. F.Bingham, Frank Riddell, L. W. Crawford, G. ]\L Anderson, R.J. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 3i7 Blackwell, W. F. Darcli, W. Jacobs, James Hardy, A. K. Ferguson, \Vm. Maddiford, .1. L. Spry, John Brown, Frank Barnard, and John Barnard. London Unifoiin Degree Camp, No 1, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered with thii following members : — Etlmund Beltz, H. .1. Boyd, E. R. Rob- inson, W. T. Stenberg, John Herald, George Heron, James Burriss, R. .1. Blackwell, A. K. Ferguson, E. A. McCormick, (J. F. Avors, W. T. . Fletcher, A. Sommerville, D. L. Hardy, W. T. Darch, H. W. Wheeler, J. Hardy, John Dumi, A. K. Shaw, Fred. Showier, James L. Spry, Williiim"^ Kinsman, R. J. Southcott, R. McBride, J. M. Shaw, H. C. Merritt, John Dawson, W. J. Craig, Francis Barnard, William Maddi- ford, William Jacobs, John Brown, H. (J. Allison, Frank Iliddell, Wni. Riddell, Alex. McDonald, John Mitchell, W. E. Stanley, John John- ston, Frank Harding, W. H. Shaw, John Tweed, (J. M. Anderson, .lolni Hayman, T. P. Blackwell, W. J. Minhinnick, C. R. Sommerville, S. Shaddock, T. Lee, M. D. Dawson, W. H. Payne, (ieorge Mortimer, >I. W. Rowlands. This was finally done away with, and London Canton, No. 1, of Patriarchs Militant, formed in its stead, with the same brethren as charter members. London Canton, Xo. 1, PatriarchH Militant, was organized Dec. :ll, 188."), as a thoroughly military organization, with Captain .lohn Brown, Lieutenant Frank Riddell, P^nsign W. T. Darch ; Lieut-Colonel E. 11. Robinson and Major W. T. Stenberg, 1st Battalion, forming the stati: Loyat City of London Lodge, C. 0. 0. F., in connection with tlu! Manchester Unity of Oddfellows of (Janada, was organized under (Iis]H'nsation by the Grand Lodge of Canada, .lanuary 'A, 1870, the witnesses being W. Parsons, T. Willing, J. Way, T. Hobbs, S. Harris, C. Bickell, D. Evans, L. Clarke, T. Tindal. The list of Past Noble Grands is as follows: — W. Phillips, W. Hudson, J. P. Sherrin, R. Clarke, W. H. I'hillips, (jleorge Hodges, W. H. Esserv, George Jarman, James Thorn, J. A. Phillips, William Row, A. Dick, John Day, W. Buckingham, S. King, J. Gt)ward, R. J. Cripps. The Oddfellow.s' Hall was completed and dedicated in August, 187"), by Forest City. Kureka and Dominion Lodges, tlie owners. Court Pride of the Dominion, iVo. ofjau, A. 0. F., is the oldest court in the city. The charter was granted by the Executive Council of the High Court of Ancient Foresters of England, at a meeting held in York, .Fanuary ;'>, 1872, with Francis Rawlings, High Chief Ranger. Tile charter members were : — H. T. Reason, John Bignall, Thomas Co])t', William Chamberlain, George Medhnrst, Alfred Goldsmith, Joseph Garrett, John Home, John Nutkins, Peter Bailey, G. W. Cox, Simeon Hott, Charles Marham, William Taylor, Richard Morris, Kicliard Terrv, Alfred Butler, Heiu'v Stratfold, William Calder, Arthur Cook.'T. S. Minton, T. A. Harley, J. E. Hughes, Samuel Trajjleton, d . Taylor, J. H. Tollhurst, George Berry, Phil. Burroughs, John Penecott, John Henderson, C. Hillyard, William Kingsworth, 348 HISTORY OF THE Cliavlcs Wlieolhonso, -lainos llico, .fainos Tlionipaoii, Cliarlos Mukpr, Charles (iowev, David O.xley, John Maddtiii, liichavd IJuttoii, Uii^hard Davuy, Frank lfii,t,% Levi Hodjikiiisoii, John Cole, .(osepli Jinkinsoii, Henry Holder. This lod<;e first met in Morrill lod<^e-rooin, llich- luond street, now in xUbion Block. The Past Chief lian. Drake, V. P.; James Smith, S. T. ; S. (i. Moore, James Glenn, jun., and H. Ilayward, managers. London United, No. 1, A. 0. F., Juvenile Branch, was chartered by the Subsidiary High (Jourt of ( 'anada, the guardians being James W. Woonton, H. James Carter, and Richard Taylor, of Court "iiieil. The jjresidents of this lodge were Richard Taylor and S. Yelland. Court Forest City, No. 'i7/f4, A. 0. F., was chartered by the High Court of England, October 21, 1872, the members being George Calver, Peter Toll, and Edward Clayson. The list of Past Chief Rangers comprises : — Peter Toll, Thomas Butler, Wm. Whitehead, John Philli])s, W. H. Brown, R. W. Tim.son, T. C. Bartlett, Charles Pugh, George Berry, T. A. Wright, Joseph Newman, Edmund Head, J. H. Martin, Wm. Gammage, Josejih Simmons, John Dilloway, George Taylor, F. Ball, and James Falkner. Court Forest Queen, No. (ioOJ, A. 0. F., was chartered by the Executive Council of the High Court of Ancient Foresters of Eng- land, June 1, 1881. The charter members were : — Thomas Flinton, W. R. Nichol, and M.J.Walsh. The Past Chief Rangers are:— J, Hislop, M. J. Walsli, W. Tvler. W. Louuhrey, F. W. .i. Ball, J. H. Nichols, G. E. Pickell, E. Pierce, J. Kelly, A. Drewe, Dr. W. J. Mitchell, A. E. Lewis. Glenwood Conclave, No. 2-^, K. S. F., received charter from the Supreme Conclave of the United States, October 25, 1883. The mem- bers lieing : — Maurice Searrow, W. T. Dulf, J. Deacon, J. M. Piper, M. D., John Thorburn, J Im CJosling, R. S. Rockett, A. Sutherlaml, Fred Templar, S. R. Maniu >s. The Past Commanders are : — Fred Temp- lar, Maiu'ice Searrow, .lohn Thorburn, and J. Deacon. Knights of Slierivood Forest, No. Jo, received charter from the Grand Conclave of the United States, November 1, 188;!. The mem- bers were: — Thos. P. Hobbs, E. Reynolds, John Dilloway, 11. W. Timson, Jas. W. Woonton. John A. Elms, F. Toll, John Martin, ('has. Pugh, Thos. Nickle, and W. Smith. The Commanders are named as follows : — T. P. Hobbs, F. Reynolds, William Gammage, George Young. Court Stella, No. 7047, A. 0. F., was chartered by the Sul)sidiary High Court of the Dominion of Canada, February 13, 1884, the mem- bers being: — Alex. K. Shaw, John Nutkins, and Robert Moule. The COUNTY OF MI1)I)1,ESKX. 349 Tiist Chief Rangers arc : — James Vaiistone, J. J. (.'uthbertson, George Eweii, Jolin Nutkiiis, .losej)}) Amov. The Suirreme Court of Indcjiendent Order of Foi'estera was or- giuiized 'luly 1, ISSl, at London, with Dr. Oronhyatckha, Sui)reme Cliicf Kaiiger; E. S. Cummer, Sujireine Secretary; T. G. Davis, .Su|irenie Treasurer; and the foUowiiig members of the Executive Council :— Dr. Oronhyatekha, E. Bottrell, Prof. Herbert C. Creed, E. S. Cummer, T. G. Davis, Thomas Mihnan, M. D., and .John A. Mc- Clilhvray. Court Hope, No. I, I. 0. F., was chartered by the Sui)reme Court of Canada, August 22, ISSl, the members being Alexander Aikinan, T. G. Sutlierland, Frank Kirchmor, Thomas Holmes, A. M. Shrieves, Tliiinias Motley. Thomas Hartford, AVilliam Coo])er, (ieorge Pacey, .1. K. Klock, M. D., and Thomas Gerrie. The Past Chief Hangers are T. G. Sutherland, A. E. Hourd, Thomas Hartford, Thomas Gerrie, T. F. Gibson, J. W. Cryer. H. Gibbons, H. P. Allen, A. McQuire iuid P. Matthews. Covrt Dvferin, No. 7, I. 0. F., was chartered by the Supreme Court of Canada, January 1, l.S8:>, with the following members :—Jas. Crawford, "William Trall'ord, Hiram (Jharlton, J. Fred. Cryer, A. B. Murdock. Fi'anz Ashenback, Silas G. Moore, L. N. Vail, George R. Sanderson, (^eorge Parish, Alexander B. Fenwick, M.D., Jolm L. Vail, Vincent Teneck, J. Andrews, John Edwards, Robert Mum'oe, Jolin A. Sclmeidcr, James Palmer, (Jeorge Porter, John Porter, En(jck Mui-jihy, ,I()hn Leathorn, R. H. Elliott, J. R, Gilroy, W. Sjjeiice, and J.Woodall. The Past Chief Rangers are James Crawford, Richard Hancock, Franz Ashenbach, A. E. Fessenden, F.J. Bowen, Fit/water, Hemy (Jib- bous, Alexander Aikman, A. Swa^ie, Henry Pratt and Thos. Aitkens. Court Welcome, No. 1,:\ I. (K F., was chartered Se))tember 21, 188."), with the following members : — William Bryant, George H. Mc- Clelland, Joseph Amor, M. Walmsley, R. Bissett, A. E. Johnson, Henry Hull, John Macredy, O. M. ]5elfry, ^l. I)., ll. (iilmour and A. Tait. The list of Chief Rangers is as follows : — William Bryant, (Jeorge McClelland, and W. L. Dundas. Court Maple Leaf, No. IG, A. 0. F., (juvenile branch) was organ- ized under dis])ensation, Deccmbtn- lo, 1885, with (jteorge Berry, Thonuis C. Bartlett, Walter Richards, of Court Forest City, No. 5744, as guardians, and the following oflicers : — President, Thomas Wilkey ; vice-president, T. C. Bartlett ; treasurer, John Nutkins ; secretary, Walter Richards. Mydie Court, No. Q59, I. 0. F., was instituted Aug. 3, 1887, with ];. B. Hungerford, George Durand, J. Callard, R. F Wright, M. C. Fitzgerald, Charles McDonald, John Overell, James H. Hodgins, W. S. Rycard, G. W. Lampkin, Thomas Hood, James Ferguson and Dr. H H. McCallum filling the respective positions. The Chief Rangers of this Lodge were : — John Callard, ,J. D. Sharman and Franklin Wrioht. ;{5u IIISIOIIV UK TIIK ('i)arl liuhhi Hood, No. '>'J, (\ 0. F., wiis diarU'ivd by llic Hiirl, Ciiurt of Ciiiiiulii, .liUiuary 1, 1881, tlic luombtTs buiiij,'-. — (it'or^'o Tiuci., .1. L. Twiiod, T. (1. Suthurliiiui, .1. JI. Loavoiis, (i. ]{. AlliMi, .lulin KlL'iinu<^, Win. (!my, Cliurli's Stuv^'es, Williiiin Yoiiiij;, M. ('oiiiKirs, Chiirlcs Kims, .). If. Flock, Eiios P.. Smith, (ieov^'e H. Wosthikc, .bilm Mason, -loiiii SiM'i'iiton, Siimuc!] Sorwiton, (]r(!orgn Pucoy, 11. W. Wil.^dii and (.'. W. I'lock. Tho Pa.st Chiof Kanj^tirs, are: — (u'orn;(i Trace, .1. I,. Tweed, Solon Wolverton, John W. Elliott, John KI(;min'<,', ii. F. liydor. Thomas Fleming, John Mason, William Gray, Neil Cooper, Andrew Kirkpatriek. and Hd. Walton. Court. Victory, Xo. 4, 0.0 F., was chartered by the High Court (if Canada, Sejiteniber 8, 1882, witli the following members : — Alfrcii Allen, Kobert Allen, John Ashworth, J. N. Heattie, John II. Chaimuui, Charles Doe, William li. Falls, Henry Ferns, James Granger, 15. W. Greer, Charles Horton, Robert Howard, John HoUingswijrtli, ,Io.se|)li Hamilton, William Hawthorn, A. H. Hawthorn, J. H. Jennings, Kd. Kettle, T. L Ln.^combe, John Lajitliorn, James Law, John Mid'licll, George McMroom, 11. McLaren, William McNeill, George McNeill, A. McPherson, John McGill, II. M. McElheran, 11. S. Gates, F. H. Itoliin- son, Maurice Sciirrow, J. W. Stantlfield, Edward Towe, H. A. Tlioiiii). son, James W. Thorpe, J. D. Wilson, M. I). The following an; l'a.st Chief Hangers: — li. M. ]\IcElheran, Edward Towe, ^laurice Scarmw, H. A. Thomi)son, J. W. StandfieUl, Charles Doe, .]. W. Thoi'pe, F. H. Kobinson, H. Cater, D. C. Kennedy, John Law, John Heed. Court Defiance, No. 7, C. 0. F., was chartered August 28, ISSL', with the following members: — Alfred Cave, W. J. Crone, Tiioniiis Burridge, Francis Forman, Benjamin Slade, C. W. Walker, W. J. Element, Thomas Ellis, Paul Wyrtz, Richard Adcock. The Past Cliiuf Rangers are: — -T. F. McLachlan, Alfred Cave, C. W. Walker, Paul Wyrtz, A. Anderson, William J. Nickle, E. A. Reed, J. R. Barrell, George Harper, John Ellis and Thonu'is Atkinson. Court Orient, JS'o. lf>0, C.O.F., was chartered September 22, 1886, with tho following named members: — John Walker, Thomas Burton, Dennis Hartson, Austin M. Robinson, J. G.Dean, James Lucas, J. W. Fraser, R. T. McBride, G. H. Grafton, H. G. Collamore, C. N. S])encer, T Sweeny, J. H. Wilson, Thomas Crofts, A. R. Tringle, W. H. French, W. M. Allaster, James Greenway, Cieorge Meors, H. D. Lee, W. C. Arbuckle, W. H. Anderson, Frank Kirchmer, John Glen, A. McBride, and Neil McNeil. The Past Chief Rangers are C. N. Spencer, .lames Greenway, and Neil McNeil. London Council, No. i2oo. Royal Arcanum, was chartered May :!, 1880, the members being : — W. H. Street, W. H. Bartram, E. Palmer, Charles F. Colwell, J. A. Moorhouse, Charles A. Stone, James McMar- tin, John W. Kelly, C. M. Hume and W. D. McGloghlon. The list of Past Regents is as follows :—Edmond Palmer, W. H. Bartram, (J. F. Colwell, J. M. Logan, Alexander McBride, A. H. Fessenden, A. B. Munson, Cl. T. Campbell, M. D., John Millar, Walter Bartlett uud J. H. Adams, CiiUNIV OK MlIiDl.KSKX. •6r,i Pavitijoii (kmvc'd. No, 7h, Royal Arcanum, was chart(!i'otl May 1, 188;'), till! iiiuiiiburs huiiijj;: — N. Wilsijii, John roller, A. R, (Jalpiu, Thomas MaddocUs, M. F. Tii])])er. M. .). (.Jlass, (J. A. Kalus, A. Wlicatdii, William PudiKiV, Kiaiik Kircliiiuii', Alexander Aikinaii, A. McMicliatd, .). L. JWnwell, Thomas M(;(!oey and liobert M. (Jraliani. Till' I'asl lie^eiits are :— Alexandc^r Aikmaii,Tliomas Muddocks, JaiiKis M.Siailh, 11. ('. Symoiids, T. T'. Mortimer and T. (1. Davis, In May, 1S88, {\w following rejn'eseiiteil London at, the me(!ting of the (!ran(l Council of the Jloyal Arcanum, which was hidd in St. Catharines: — From London Coinudl, Walter Harllett, Past JJej^ent ; I'anigon Council, Thomas Mortimer, Past Kepient; and London South Council, A. C. John.son, Pa.st lJe<,'ent. The ollicers of (! rand Council tnjin London are: — Cl. T. (."anipliell, .M. 1)., A, 1>. Munson, Past Recent, and d. Po]»e, Past Keoent. Mi/vflc. fAhh/e, Xo. ;.', Knii/ltfs of P)/t.hias, was chartered June 24, IST^i, with the followini; menihers: — .lames Smith, S. (iill)ert Moore, .Siuiiuel driyi,', Thomas Shelton, do.sejih Percival, I'eter Wyckoif, Wm. 1). Uiddell, John Williams, Jo.sejjh Pjilton, John White, Samuel F. Koliiuson, Thomas I'artridj^re and Uicliard Wiomore. The list of Past Ciiaucellors is as follows : — .lames Smith, .John Williams, F. T. IJichard- son, Thomas Mackey (died 1877), F'rankSana<^'an, Frank Camiil)ell (died 18S6), 11. Carrother.s, Phil l5urrou(,dis, H. A. Willis, O. E. Hreiier, J. Fisher, C. Dunne (died 1881), C. WheeUiou.se (died 1884), T. A. Harley (died 1884), Wm. H. Street (died 1880), F. K. Hall, Ja.s. Adkins, Kil. Galiiin, William l^attershill, T. J. Boyd, W. Uarville, Milo J. Jiaker. Pythayoras Lodge, iVti. i-.^ K. of P., was instituted July .SO, 187"), bv (;. V. C. Hawthorne, with D. F. Cordiiigly, P. C., and G. Waddell, K. of S. & K. Mizpah Lodge, No. S2, K. of P., was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Ontario, June 10, IS84, the mendjers being: — J. F. F'itzgerald, Benj. S. Case, Richard Poulton, George U.sherwood, G. W. .Johnson, Henr}' Thomas Smith, W. H. P>rown, Thomas Hetherington, .1. A. McGennis, William Heathfield and Ira Landon. The list of Past ChancelIor.s embraces Alexander Gardiner, John F. Fitzgerald, Richard Poulton (1. W. PJastow, T. F. Mitchell, J. A. McCJennis, Benj. S. Ca.se, T. s! Bradford, Thomas Hueston, James Fitzgerald, Charles E. Jarvis, M.D., Thomas Hetherington. Beatrice Council, Order of Chosen Fi'iends, was chartered by the Sujireme Council of Chosen Friends of the United States, June 15, 1882, the members being : — Dr. C. H. Moore, John Turnbull, A. Whittaker, Samuel Rouse, J. F. McDonald, Robert Hornsby, Alfred Crouch, Robert Logan, James Porteous, Thomas Fitzpatrick, A. Lucas, J. Walmsley, John Waters, David Allison, Frank McLean and Chas. Brediu. The Chief Councillors are : — -John Turnbull, Alfred Crouch, James Malcolm, John A. McHarg and T. C. Porteous. St, George's Society was organized as a social club in 1847, with the late Edward Matthews president. The first dinner was held at 852 IIISTOUY OF TIIK lUlkwill's Hotel on tlio 2."»rd of Aju'll, IS47. It was nsiia) on the 2;ir(l of Ai)i'il (which is St. Goor^'i-.'s l^ay) to roast an ox, which the members carried in jirocession throui,'li the streets, and then had ", <,'reat jolhlica- tion, which often lasted a week, This was finally abolished, and the clnl) disbanded. (Jn December U, 18G7, it was reorj;anized in its ]iresent state, with F. Westlake ]ir(!sident, having for its object the uniting; of Englishmen and Welshmen and their descendants, and to render assistance to one another. The former jnvsidents were : — Kdward Matthews Francis We.stlake, John Siddons, II. Taylor, W. H. Essory, •lames (iriftin, (ieorge I'ritchard, Thomas Heanian, John l'hilli]).s, J. H. Pritchard, William Trebilcock. J, li. Barons, Edward Dela Hooke, W, H, Bartram, K. W. Barker and John l!. Cox. Tiio society was incor- jiorated in 1871 . St. Patricl''f< Society was organized in IS,")!). In March, 18.")1, I'atrick Smyth and Freeman Talbot, of London, Patrick Mee, of Adelaide, and Edward Mahon, of St. Thomas, were admitted mem- bers ; and in 18.">2, James Shaidv, jr., J. Daniel, A. S. Abbott, Francis Smith, P. G. Norris, ('. Montsarrat," Dr. Phillips F. Mctiill, P. Cox, P. Mnrtagh, Nicholas Wilson, P. Mart, John McDowell, W. .Ashberry, J. Tall)ot and .). Prown, were ofliccjrs. For a nnmlier of years tliis society exercised a powerfnl inflnence for good ; bnt the organization of the Irish Peuevolent Society tended to the disruption of St. Patrick's, and approjiriated many, if not all, of its u.sefal princi])les. The IHsh Benevolent Society was organized March 18, 1877, with Lient.-C'olonel James Shanly, president; Hugh Macmahon, Q, C„John Peattie and Daniel Pegan, vice-presidents; John F. Mahon, treasurer; James Magee, corresponding secretary; John Smith, financial secre- tary ; H, D. Long, W. R Meredith, James Egan, Ifichard Bayly, .1, J, (jibbons, John Taylor, John Wright, Benjamin Cronyn, Henry WiLson, iNIartin O'Meara, Dr. Sippi and A. B. Powell, executive committee; Drs ]\Ioore, Haggarty, CJoing, Brown and Mitcliell, physicians, There were nine life members and forty active members enrolled, the receipts being §l:!0, among whom were :— Thomas Coil'ey, W, Hudson, Hiram Lee, li. Wigmore, M. Flaharty, J. M. Keary, Peter McCann, Pi. Keightley, M. D. Eraser, J. O'Connell, Thomas Peel, 1). Lester, A. I.ougin'ey, J. McAulille, M. Walsh, P. F. Boyle, M. Curry, J. M. Mc- Donald, Alderman, Tliomjison, J. D. Sharman, J. Martin, J. Taylor, James A. Roe and T. Phelan. 'i'he jiresiding officers of the Society for the la.st resideiit ; .1. IV Viniii-^, reoordin<^ secretary; 1'. K. Hoyle, financial secretary; W. .1. Heid, H. 1). Long, J. M. Keary, W Thompson, P. Mnlkern, T. I'halen, .1 V. O'Jiynic.. .lerry Collins i\ii(l .1. Kearns. The annual financial statement submitt((d by Mr. Bovle showed a cash balance on hand ot'S(f)4.18 ; assets (market value), !?7(iS.4r); liabilities, ^5(). (if) ; excess of assets over liabilities, ^tiol.TtJ. ()l1icers were elected as follows : — President, Thos. H. Smallman ; first vict'-jiresident, Dennis Daly ; second vice-president, P. Mulkerii ; third vice-president, Thomas Phalen ; treasurer, J, M. Keary ; financial secre- tary, P. F. l{oyle ; William Thompson, recording secretary. Executive Cdiiunittee:— \V. .1. Pvcid, H. D. Long, .1, W. Little, li. ('. McUann, Stephen (Irant, J. P. O'Byrne, James Magee, J. B. Vining, John Liiltiitt, D. Kegan, J. J. (Jibbons and Thomas Connor. The annual piiMiic of this society is said to fonn one of the most pleasant meetings licld in all (,'anada. From the circular issued in November, 18H.S, it is learned that the Society was orgiinized irrespective of creeds, classes or ]>iirties, in the year IS77 ; it has been, and is, the oidy successful one of its kind in ( 'anada, and it has had a useful and honorable career. Its objects are to cultivate fraternal relations among Irishmen and (lesceiidanta ; to cherish the worthy memories of the Emerald Isle ; to relieve those in distress, and to promote the well-being of Irishmen generally. The motto is, Qui>i separabit. The Catholic lAterary .Vocif^// was organized in November, 1881, by Kev. Father O'Mahony, who was elected first president, with P. Mnlkern, vice-jn-esident, and M. J. Gleason, secretary. In November, 1882. IJev. .AL.l. Tiernan was elected president; W. J. McOuigan, M. A., and F. F. Harper, vice-presidents ; Rev. Father Walsh, chaplain ; T. J. O'Meara, treasurer ; P. F. Hoyle, financial secretary ; M. J. Gleason, recording secretary ; B. C. McCann, J. J. Blake and James Vining, managing committee; J. Starr, J. J. Blake and Charles Harjier, am iidment committee; M. Masuret and L. Wieser, auditors. Bishop Walsh was the patron of tlie society. Th' Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, Branch No. 3, was organized in May, 1878, by T. A. Burke, S. D. D., with Dr. Phalen, president; Thomas CoU'ey and P. O'Rielly, vice-presidents; T. Mar- shall, recording secretary ; E. Gibbons, assistant secretary ; A. Wilson, financial seci'etary ; J. J. Gibbons, treasurer; John Dennehy, marshal ; M. llartman, guard ; with Messrs. CoH'ey, J. J. Gibbons, Wilson, O'Kielly and Burke, trustees. S. R. Brown w.as elected Grand Recorder of the Canadian association in 1888. The Ontano Catholic Mutual Beneiidaiij Association was organ- ized .Inly 14, 187!i. Clan Fraser, No. .{J, O. S. C. wan chartered by the Royal Scottish Clan, March 2, 1888, the object being to unite Scotchmen and give benefits. The charter members were : — Thos. A. lirowne, Francis 23 :i54 HISTORY OF THK Love, Wiilfor Fairbaini, John Fairgrieve, .fului G. Joiios, Tlioinas Gray, James Keid, liobei't K. ("owan, J. \V. Mcintosh, Ludwig Iv. (Jamenm, Jolin W. Jones, Tliomas Gillean, Alexander McTagyart, M.D., liol)ert Eeid, jr., L)i'. James Macavtliur and Alexander Fraser. John Fair- grieve is chief, with L. A. Browne, Secretary. Ia)~hIoii Circle, No. J^8, was chartered by the Snjjreme ( 'ircle of Canadian Home Circles, June 13, 1887, with the following members: C. A. Kingston, Kobert Kirkpatrick, T. H. Purdom, W. J. Carson, W. T. Strong, William Jones, W. T. Gartley, W. S. Rliycard, James Fair- bairn, .lames ^Muiihe.'id and ,Tohn Hargreave. The I'ast Leaders are, C. A. Kingston, Kobert Kirkpatrick aiul William Jones. Bntish Lion Lodge, No. ')o\ Sons of EnglxDtd, was chartered November 24, 18S7, with the following members : — Henry Thomas Smith, .)ohn Nutkins, Henry Stanyer, Peter Pojie, Joseph Simnidiis, C. S. Thorne, James Legg, Wm. Trick, Samuel Yelland, V/. Pickani, L. Wells, C. ^^^ Belton, ]\L D., and George llawlings. The presidents are H. C. Sim})son and Jose])h Simmons. Chelsea Lodge, No. o7, Sons of England, wfis chartered by t lie Grand Lodgu of Canada, March L'(i, 188(3, with the following mom- bers : — H. J. Caster, Henry Poi)liani, Wm. Grindley, A. E. Aslito!i, Wm. ]Moore, F. St. Georg'j Thompson, G. T. Hiscox, E. P. Kobin.sdii, Dr. Stevenson, Dr. Jarvis, Dr. Pringle, Dr. Jones, Wm. Hridgman, and W. Court. The ]>residents are named as follows: — E. II. Pobinsun, H. J. C;arter and F. St. George Thomi«on. Fidelity Lodge, No. 5, Ancient Order rf United Workmoi, wa^ chartered by Supreme Lodge of the A. 0. U. W. of Ontario, May :i9, 1878, with the following members: — F. J. Hood, M. D. Dawson, W. R Browne, William Dodson, J. A. :\ritchell, J. W. K(dly, J. H. Ten- nant, J. Ashberry, J, A. Pose, Jas. A. Kennedy, P. B. Hungerfurd, F. H. Mitchell, M. D. Ontario Council No. L'OP, was chartered by the Senate of tiie "^^ational Union, April 20, 1886, the mend)ers being : — Walter Bartlutt, ."). S. T. Bryce, Alex. McDonald, Charles Stevens, J. S. Deacon, P. K. Cowan, Alfred Talbot, Peter McVean, David A. Smith, K. G. Bowie. The liist of presidents is as follows: — Walter Bartlett, Geo. S. T. Bryce, Alexander McDonald. London Division, No. GS, B. L. E., was chartered by the (Jrand International Division of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in 1808, the members being William Windtield and Thomas Brock. Tiie Chiefs are :— Thomas lirock (the first to bring a charter into Canada), and Peter Tera])le at the present time. Beaver Lodge, No. 117, B. L. F., was chi."lered by the Grand Lodge of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen of the United States and the Canadas, Augu,st 14, 1882, with the following members:— Thomas Bell, Edwin Chapman, Charles Collinson, Charles Bredin, John Elliott, George Ryder, George; Bowman, William Strongman, Robert Lister, Alfred Crouch, S. S, Fletcher, Jolin W. Cox, William COUNTY OF MIDULESKX. 355 Temple, ratrick rackhani, Humy Angles, William Youiij», George Aiii,'lt'S, John Dickson, Edward Lowe, Alfred I'rodger, Thomas Cass- weil, William Emsley, It. Gowanlock, Hobert Hornsby, William Robin- son, Alexander V. ]\IcLean and George Hall. The presiding oiHicers were K. Gowanlock and Robert Hornsby. Forest City Lodge, A'o. 24O, B. R. B., was chartered by the Grand Ldiiue of the lirotherhood of llailroad lirakenu-n, September 10, 1880, tile members b(;ing : — G. H. Hawthorn, Jame.s A. Sloan, James F. McDonald, M. Driscoll, A. Douglass, John Wilson, D. J. Hopkins, Wni. H. Farrell, D. Murray, G. A. Jolmston, J. D. Fortune, John Law, John Gillinan, J. B, Adams, Homy Scarcliffe, A. McDonald, Samuel Welsh, John Connors, Ed. McCarthy, John llich. They meet in Albion Block, llichmond street Tin; list of mastcjrs embraces the fdlldwing names: — G. H. Hawthorn, James McDonald and M, Driscoll. Liindon Branch, Amal cjatnated Society of Carpenters and Joiners, was organized December lo, 1871. Of this Fergus IJ. Lloyd is presi- dent; Robert Bonney is secretary. Bricklayers' Union, No. 5, was chartered by National Union of Bricklayers of the United States, September 30, LS81, with the follow- ing named me'-bers : — Edward liaughton, Scott Murray, Walter Gibling, Alexander Todd, T. W. Chennal and Abraham Bending. Frank Gray is jiresident, with Jos\r- rel, Angus Webb, Tom Clegg, Fred Ashton — and he could write a good article, too — all these young fellows in it, to the number of about 40. It was ju.st a social club. It was called the Hellfriar (!lub. \\e didn't give it that name. Outside folks did after they got on to u.s. We used to get posters jirinted, lampooning anyone who made himself conspicuous ; and one morniiij, the people would wake up and find the town came Would tiua'e's tlien t written written You ha £ir.i),0( to get liipior, a jioiice sally oui who got sleej) at city. A garrison tln'ng (.V( then; wa;- wci'e boil luuigcrs,' dubbi'd ca Canmiie ^ hear wjiat Early amu.senien stocks and early days, the records t'ley, at lea was issued IjL'illg fifty license to'^JV On Augu,st at the Thcal A liceiLse t issued to S( h'cense was theatrical lii perform in t and 81 for ej for llie jirivil wliile J\Iicha( o{ the Londc <'o lield an s'lilliiigs licer fifty Sl'liliillcrs COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 359 town placarded with these posters, and they wouldn't know where they came from. 1 have often heard people discussing them, and one would say: — ' I tell you, that thing was never written in this place; there's not the talent. It's someone in Toronto has done that.' And tlien the others would agree with him. All the same, they were all written up in our club room in .lohn Cootes's block. After they were written and approvcid of, we used to get hold of old Peter Cavanagh. You have heard of him. Some woman in Australia left his daughter £l."ill,0O') afterwa.ds, and he's a pretty rich man nov/. Well ; we used to get hold of Peter, who was the city bill poster, and fill him up with li([Uor, and he'd lend us his brush and paste. There wasn't much of a jiolice force then, so about two o'clock in the morning we would sally out, and in two hoiirs have the whole city billed. But the people wild got it worst were the mushroom aristocracy. They could hardly .sleep a1; night for fear next morning they would be posted all over the city. And how we did rip them up. How some of the oflicers in the garrison would get it, too. 1 Uit ' The Magenta Rangers ' was the best tiling ever came out. You know, at the time of the Trent aifair, there was great military ardor awakened all over (.'anada. Companies were being raised, and regiments formed; so we raised the ' Magenta KiUigers,' on paper, and we had pretty nearly everybody in the city dul)lH>d ca])tain or colonel. That was the best of them all. Just ask Cainniie Macdonald what he remembers about the ' Hellfriar Club,' and hear what !'e says." Early Theutrrs, etc. — There can be l;)ut little learned of the early anuisenu;nts ja'ovided for the villagers. The tragedies of 1831-7, the stocks and the whipping-post, formed the grim amusements of very early days. Later, the garrison theatricals claimed attention. From the records of the city, however, the following memoranda is taken ; they, at least, give a name and a date which are authentic : — A license was issued to Kickwell & Stone to hold a circus at London, the tax being fifty shillings ])er day, in June, 184:!. On June (J, 1S43, a license to Mr. Wall, for a lecture on phrenology, cost thirty shillings. On August 28, 184.">, a license was issued for the otlicers' performance at tlie Theatre Itoyal, the fee being seventeen and one-half shillings. A license to sell s])irits at the Th(!atre Royal for one evening was issued to Sergeant Lloyd, SeptemVier 11, 1843, and ALartin Rykard's license was transferred to William Winslow. On October "J, 1 843, a theatrical license was issued to Messrs. Raymond, Rivers & Co., to perform in the Mechanics' Institute, the fee being S4 for the first night and SI for each succeeding night. T. E. Csborne paid thirty shillings fur the jirivilege of exhibiting his learned pig on October 31, 1843 ; wliile ]\Iichael McGarry applied for license without costs on the ])art of the London Theatrical Company, in October, 1844. W. Tulford & Co licld an exhibition of wax figures here in 1844, paying twenty sliillings license. A circus company was also here that moTith, ])aying fifty shillings per day license. The London Theatrical Club gave an 360 HISTORY OF THE entevtainineiit in March, 1847, for the relit;f of tlic famine-strickt^n people of Ireland. The club paid thirty shilliiij,'.s license, and this sum was refunded to Secretary Montsen'att, of the relief committee. I)urind by Mr. Wm. Ellis. Miss Minnie Raymond presides at the handsome instrument which adorns the interior of Park Avenue Presbyterian Church. The organ in St. James's Pri;.sbyterian Cliurch cost about S.SdO, and presents a fine appearance. Miss Alice E. M. Summers is the i)layer, and Mr. W. J. Crone is the choir leader. An excellent jiipe organ is used in the King Street Methodist Church, ])layed by Miss Daniels. The choir numbers about twenty voices, and is under the leadership of Mr. Cha.s. Thorne, an enthusi- astic and successful tonic-sol-fa man. In the Congregational Church the musical service is leil by an effective choir, of which Mr. T. Allen has been the leader for years, ^ir. A All.'!!! presides at the instrument. The introduction of a fine pipe organ is contemplated by the church authorities. An efficient choir leads the singing in the Talbot Street Baptist Church, Mr. T. H. Thornhill presiding at the organ. Those mentioned above are the leading cliurch musical organizations of the city, and afford 3H; IIISTOKV 01'" Till'; an idoa of wliat London can boast in tliis r('3p('nt. All tlio other cIiim'cIk'.s aro sujiplied witli or{,'ans of inod(;i'atu size, and enjoy the prcst-nce of choirs that do themselves credit. Ihinds. — Any musical sketch that made no allusion to the bands of Lond. Sippi, Samuel I'eters, W. Furness, Josiah i'dackburn and A. T. H. Jolmson, executive com- mittee. Among otiier well known names were those of Harry Gorman, J. Skeffinglon and Thomas Colfey. The orchestra comprised twenty- three memb(!rs ; the V(jcal circle, eighty-eight members; and the non- performing members, eighty-three. Bodrd of Trade. — The London Board of Trade dates back to April 22, LST)?, when forty-two residents signed the constitution, in fact, by giving their names as subscribers to the amount of £1 annually. The names of the original members were : — Adam Hope. J. I. McKenzie. H. Clii.sliolm. Alf. II. Veiinor. G. M. Ouuu. Win. Gordon. David Farrar. Chas. tf. Hope. Walter Siinp.son. ,Ianca Coyne. Edward Adams. L. Lawrason. Hobt. Reid. E. H. Hymaii. A Panl. Fred. Rowland. M. Anderson. William Plionias. .lolin R. Labatt. Edwin Heathlield. COUNTY OF MIUULKSKX. 363 .1 C. Mi-Itito.sh. [.iiMiel Kitlout. Joliii F'.iiTcll. C. I). Slmw. T. H. IJuekloy. Hugh Rose, I). Mttclio. J. M. Iknnett. Jas. C. Macklin. E Leonard. Win. (llass. Chas. MonHarrat. Cliark'H \V. Kuut. Win. W. Street. S. Morrill. F. Smith. Henry Mathcwson. John .Mer(!(lith. John 15. Smyth. John Carliiig. Win. Mc Bride. Wm. K. Sanford. Tlio first meetiiif^ after orgiuiization was hiM in tlio Morcaiitilo Lilirary room, Crystal Block, (sincti extinct, the Palmer IJlock now occuj»ying its site) when a draft of constitution was presented and adopted, and the following olVicers elected: — President, Adam Hope; vic(!-liresident, Lionel Kidout ; secretary, -I. C. Macklin; council, J. I. McKenzie, John ?>irrell, H. ('hisholm, C. I). Shaw, Walter Simpson, Cliiis. .]. Hope, T. H. Buckley, (J. M. Gunu, James Coyne, D. Farrar, E. Leonard, (.'has. Hunt, and Jose[)h Ander.son. The actions of the Board from the time of its organization to the ])resent date have been cliaracterized in the main V)y a Jealous regard for the genercil interests of the community, and a jterusal of the minutes is all that is necessary to demonstrate the fact that their influ- ence was exercised ujjon the broad ])rinci))l(! of equal rights to all. In noticing briefly a few of the more imi)ortant events in which the ISoard trok an active interest (which interest had a direct influence in sliajiing legislation principally of a civil cha'acter), it must not be thought that tliat the Board ignored the requirements of municipal reform. Their action in this respect was equally prompt and active, the interests of the city and citizens being ke])t well to the fore. The first matter that occupied the attention of the Board was the amending of the usury laws so as to increase the rate of interest from 6 to 7 per cent., and to enable persons to collect on pvomissory notes, etc., any rate of interest that might be agreed U])on. The liaiikruptcy Act was also felt toaHbrd inadequate ])rotection to the creditor so as to fortify such against the intrigues of the fraudulent debtor. The Board strongly advocated that the con.seiit of two-thirds of the creditoi's should be required before arrangements could be made witli the debtor, and that a majority (jf the former approve of the judge's decision before a full discharge could be obtained. Petitions embodying the f'-'vmer views were forwarded in each case to the Legis- lature. 1m 18.")8, the ]>oard oll'ered vigorous opposition to the ajiplication of tlie (Jreat Western l.'ailroad for power to create S8,00(),OUU of pre- ferential stock for the construction of a road princijially through Michigan. They objected to raising such a large anunint on a Canadian enterprise, to be spent in opening up a foreign country. In the same year the Board condemned the proposed increase of tarili; as being subversiv; of the principles of free trade, and a policy that sought the ju'otection of the few at the expense of the many. In lN")'.t. in rciply to the Inspector-General, the Board denounced the excise duties as class legislation, and recommended tlieir total abolition. A petition was forwarded to John Carling in 18 GO, for presentation .•'.64 IIIHTOUY OF THE bcfdiv till' House, rocoininciidiiit,' tli(( jtostponenu'iit i)f Mr. flult's scliciim lur cslulilishiiij,' ii biUik" of issue, in onler to ,t,'ive the eoiiiitry iin oplioi'tiiiiirv to coiisiiler tlie jivojiosition. In 1801, tlie cstalilishineiit of n i^niin e.\e]iiin,ne in connection witli llie Hoard was discussed. In tlie same year tlie attention of I'lirlianieiit was called to the action of the (irand Trunk Ilailway and fJrcat Western Railway in witlidrawinj; rolling' stock and refusini^ to ja'ovide suflicient facilities for the trans- portation of Cincals, and discriminatini,' in favor of the United States, esyiecially as the railways \ven> considered to he j,'reatly indeht(Hl in a })ecuniary manner to the city and surrounding' country. The year ISOii witnessed a <;eneral outcry aoii>r(»city with tin; United Stutcs, and appointed (hdej^ates to attend tilt; convention held in St. Louis to discuss the question. In 1874, iiowever, the lioard, considerinj,' the (urcunistaiices under whieii the treaty had heon terminated, thought that projwsals lor further recii»rocal relations shoidd emanate from the United States. The Hoard in 1X75 took an interest in the estahlishment of the present excellent waterworks system. In the followiii;,' yt-ar they bent their energies to the securing of the taxation of all city jiroperty, save .sacrcii (,'difices, aceordiiii,' to their actual value, with no exeniption.s. In ISSO the. Jioard petitioned for the removal of the coal tolls at Port Stanley, considering it ])rejudicial to the interests of the London & Port Stanley llailroad. Chamber of (kwivwrcc. — This was organized November 19, 1875, with: — J. U. Laing, iPvesifU'ut; .Joseph .lellcry, victspre.sident ; H. E Nellcs, secretary; A. li. Powell, E. VV. Ilyman, \V. F. I'.ullen, John McClary, Elijah Leonard, (leorge llobinson, (Joloncl Jolin Walker, George Handall, F. A. Fitzgerald, M. Knowlton, J. G. .Mcintosh, John McMechan, D. Macfie, Jt)lin Marshall, 1). liegan, S. Peters, ,1. Atkin- son, T. Peel, A. Keeniey.side, A. J. G. Henderson and Henry Taylor, i(! time the desired end was accom])lished, in December, 1881. Present Board of Trade. — Was organized Decendier 2 1 , 1881, out of the ]\Ierch<'ints' and Alanufacturers' Association, which included among its members many who belonged to the defunct Chand>er of ( 'onnnerce. The name. Board of Trade, was adopted so that the liberal uliaract(!r of the old body uf 1857 might be enjoyed. The original members were :— IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ffim >^ IM IIIII2 2 ^ 1^ illlio U 11.6 VI ^ n

* ->, ^/). /; '/ /A Photographic Sciences Corporation m [V \\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 1 4580 (716) 872-4i03 ^9) .V ^> A- c^ ^ C^ 366 HIPTOKV OK THE T. Bcattie, Pres. J. N. Nclles, Sec. Thos. A.s[Hleii, Robert Arkell, J. Blackburn, John Buattie, Geo. Biricll, Jss. Burns, W. Y. Brunton, Win. HowMian, Thos. Bryan, J. Carling, Thos. Cliurcher, H. J. Carling, Chas. Chapman, H. F. Carling, A. Cleghorn, Chas. S. Plyman, Jas. WatHon, Wm. Lind, .las. Eaton, F. A. Fitzgerald, A. Finneinore, R. A. Garlick, G. M. Uunn, Wm. Grcfin, Chas. B. Hunt, John Hunt, W. B. Heath, T. D. Hodgens, Alex. Johnston, D. Just. W. K. Kains, ThoH. Green, J. H. Elliott, ThoN. MeCorniick, M. Masuret, •las. Slater, John I'lumnicr, T. F. King.siiiill, T. H. Marsh, Win. Bryce, John Green, Geo. Burns, D. S. Perriii, John Marshall, C McCallum, W R. HobbH, T. H. Smallmau, J. W. Little, A. E. Pivey, Robt. Reii], jr., C. AV. Leonard, John Campbell, Wm. J. Elliott, Thos. Muir, Jas. Cowan, J. D. Saunby, J no. McClary, J. F. Mahon, Robert Lewis, H. D. Long, John Labatt, J. M. Longan, H. Long, B. A. Mitchell, J. R. Miiihinnick, J. C. Merritt, A .MeCorniick, Wm. McUonough, John Overell, J. I'riddis, J. S. Pearce, A. Pontey, Robt. Pritchard, Geo. Pritchard, John I'ritchard, A. B. Powell, Gen. PliillipK, J. RoburtHon, John A. Roe, John D. Ivey, L. C. Lsonarcl, John Walker, John Cameron, N. Reid, M. Lewis, John Wolfe, A. D. Cameron, Geo. Merritt, Geo. Robinson, Thos. S. HoI.Ik, John Callard, Ja.s. A. Keniicdv, John Csborue. Josiah Dalton, Mr. DfH|)ard, J. K. Dawson, M. I). Dawson, J. .VI. Denton, W. J. Reid, Robert Rich, C. Richardson, (teo. Robinson, Fred Rowland, C. P. Smith, W. S. Smith, G D. Sutherland, Albert Smith, R. W. Smylie, John Smith, Thos. Pluniincr. E. A. Taylor, R. W. Viniiig, G. F. Winlow, H. Waterman, Isaac Waterman, .las. Wright, John Wright, Robt. Wallace. At the first annual meeting after the amalgamation, tlie followini,' officers were elected : — President, G. S. Birrell ; vice-president, Tims. McCormick ; secretary-treasurer, J. A. Nelles ; council, M. Masuret, F. A. Fitzgerald, John Labatt, James Watson, Thos. Beattic, J. H. Laing, H. D. Long, 0. B. Hunt, 0. S. Hyman, J. W. Little, W. .1. liiid, and John Marshall ; board of arbitration, John McClary, Geo, llobiii- son, Thos. Green, John Beattie, James Slater, Jas, Priddis, Andrew Cleghorn, Wm. Lind, John Campbell, Alex. Johnston, Geo. Burns, and T. H. Marsh. In the same year the question of municipal reform was broached, and the Board pledged themselves to support only such aldernianic candidates as would vote for the abolition of the ward system at that time prevailing. A committee was appointed, who took active j)art in the election, securing in the majority of cases the election of their candidate, and as a result the redistribution of the wards followed. The shaking U]» did the city good. In 1885, in view of the propo.sed readjustment of the financial relations between the Government and Canadian Pacific Kailroad, the Hon. John Carling was asked to aid in securing, if possible, for his constituents the benefits of additional railway competition. Subsequently, a petition was presented by the citizens to the Board of Trade, which was forwarded to both the city's representatives, with instructions to ofier and obtain all the assistimce possible for the securing of an extension of the Canadian Pacific Railroad from Woodstock to London. The Board worked energetically all the COUNTY OF MIMDLKSKX. 167 wliile, and to tlieir uHorts laij^ely is due the credit of securiiif,' tlie ^Vestel•n extoiisioii. The Boanl also worked energetically for the jiro- ])osed London Junction IJailroad, and latterly, for the securing of the Michijian Central llailroad, which was accomplished. The interest the Board has taken in the rapid proj^ress of tlie Western Fair, and the securing of a more ])ractical course of studies in our schools, are recent ev(!nts, still fresh in the memory of every citizen. The securing of the re-erection of the Grand Trunk Kailroad car shops in this city, as is well known, is at present a matter that has largely occujned the atten- tion of the Hoard, and is still in alwyance. The present otticei"s are : — President, John Camijbell ; vice-inesident, T. H. Marsh ; secretary- treasurer, J. A. Nelles ; board of arbitration, John McClary, J. S. Pearce, W. Y. Brunton, A. D. Cameron, T. H. Marsh, A. M. Smart, Jas. Slater, Geo. Kobinson, It, C. Struthers, T. H. Smallman. It. Keiii, jr., A. Cleghorn; council, M. Masuret, J(jlin Labatt, W. R. Hobbs, J. \V. Little, 1{. Lewis, John Marshall, John Bland, W. J. lieid, G. S. Birrell, John Green, C. S. Hyman, T. E. Barker; board of examiners, James Slater, .1. J). Saunby, J. S Pearce, C. B. Hiuit, Jas Muirhead. Western Commercial TravcUevis Aumciation. — This associati, and in this building the business office is located. The coal business was entered in 1868, their grain busine.ss in 1854, and, in later years, the brothers organized the Forest City Electric Liglit Co. In 18()8, they sold about 400 tons annually; now they sell 8,000 tons, with twenty competitors in the field. Saunby's Mills may be said to have been established in 1862, when lie and William Hilliai-d purchased the property from the Bank of Montnial and carried on the old North Branch Mills, in London West. Thijy were erected in 1854 by Jos. Anderson, and later by James Smith ; a woollen mill also stood on the same lot. In 1874, Hilliaixl retired. Blackfriare mills were purchased by J. D. Saunby in 1877, from George Phillii)s, and in 1882 he introduced the roller process. The original building and machinery were the property of Dennis O'Brien, the pioneer merchant. Muirhead & Gartley's oatmeal mill, is in existence since 1867, when it was started by Muirhead & Gray. Mr. Gray died about 1879. Mr. Gartley has been coiniected with the business since 1884. The mill stands on the site of the old Hyman tannery, on Talbot street, on the north side of the Grand Trunk Railroad. The building is a large, four-story one, and is well fitted up with improved machinery. It was gutted by fire in the summer of 1888, but restored. E. Leonard & Sons, manufacturers of engines and boilers, dates back to 18o9, when Elijah Leonaixl, who commenced business at St. Thomas in 18.i4, moved to London and built a foundry on Fullarton and Kidout streets, where he carried on the business until 1805, when five destroyed the works. In IHo.'i he also erected a large building on York street, between Waterloo and Colborne streets, in which he car- ried on the business of car I uilding in connection with his foundry. When the latter property was burned down he converted the York street j)remises into a foundry and machine shop, and has continued in that line of business ever since. In 1875 lie admitted his two son.s, Frank and Charles Leonard, into partnership. In 1881 their premises was destroyed by fire, but they rebuilt immediately. They employ a larjif number of men and do a very extensive business. The Mc( "lary Mainifacturing Company is presided over by John .McCIary; (Jeorge McClary, vice-president, and W. M. Gartshore, .secretary. The capital is S500,000. This business was established in a very small way in 1847 by Oliver McClary. About four years afterwards he was joined by his brother -lohn, under the firm name of ■24 370 HISTOKV OF THE J. & O. McC'lary. They continued a rapidly increasing tracie under this stylo for about twenty years, when the business was merged into a joint stock concern. Their buildings cover some two acres, employ about 300 men, and do a most extensive business, having branches in Winnipeg, Montreal and Toronto. They manufacture all kinds of stoves and tinners' supplies, pressed, japanned and spliced wares. Tiu; works were destroyed by fire November 30, 1888, entailing a lossjof §100,000. .John Elliott & Son's factory was commenced by John Elliott and George Jackson in 1850, in a building on FiiUarton and liidout streets. They were shortly afterwards burned out and then moved into a build- ing on Wellington and Bathurst streets, where Dodd's planing mill now stands. The partnership was dissolved after being together about two or three years. Jackson retired when James IJurgess took his yhw. This partnership continued for about three years, when Biu-gess retired and Mr. Elliott continued alone until 1879, when he took his son William into partnership. In 1877 the firm erected a large buildiiii,' a few doors east of their old one. The building was destroyed by tire May 29, 1885, but was rebuilt the following fall. In 1882 tiiey bought the plough business together with the ])remises, of the estate of George Jackson, situated on liidout street, which they carry on in connection with their principal works. They employ about 200 men, and are the first in Canada to manufacture a wire or twine binder. Their output is about $200,000 per year. The Western Peninsular Stove Works were established three years ago by Joseph A. Childs and George Darvill. They demolished some wooden houses which stood on the lot, and erected their present exten- sive premises. The building is 4oxl09, in which fourteen hand.s are employed. Mr. Childs was formerly engaged in the coojjerinj,' business, and Mr. Darvill in the furniture line. Their jjlace of busnies.s is situated on Talbot street, immediately south of King. The London Machine Tool Company, of which William Yates and L. Gibson are proprietors, dates back to 1873, when Yates engaged in the manufacture of engines in a small frame building formerly used as a cooper shop by Mr. Scale. In 1881 he was burnt out; but rebuilt almost at once on a much larger scale, and opened out in the nuinu- facture of all kinds of iron-working tools for machinists, boiler makers and brass finishers ; also, presses and piuiches for tin work, and special lines of large machinery. In 1883 he was joined by Mr. Gibson, who superintends the office work. The premises are situated on York street, between Talbot and liidout. They occupy two brick buildings, and give employment to from forty to fifty men. Stevens & Burns, iron and brass founders and finishers, manu- facturers of engines, &c., established their works here in 1876, in a building on King street between Talbot and Ridout, formerly known as Darvill's foundry. They continued there until the si«iHg of 1881, when they moved into their present premises, on Bathurst and COUNTY OF MIPDLESKX. 371 Kiclimond, which they erected lor the purpose. The huilding is 200x50, and is thref! stories in height. They employ about 100 men. Essex & (.'o., brass and iron workere, commenced business here in 1879, on King street, just east of Revere Hou.se, in a building owned by John Farncomb ; contiiming there about five years, wlum tliey purchased the jiresent premises on Carling .street, in the year 1884, frciin the -lohn Birrell estate. The building was erected by T. Craig Si. J. .lolinston in IHaG, and has been occupied successively by the Gore Bank, John llirrell & Co, and J. (J. Merritt & (,'o., and more recently by Mr. Essex. They employ about twenty- six men, and manufacture engineers' and brass goods, iron valves, &c. Forest City Machine Works. This business was established by Geo. White, fomteen years ago ; but Mr. W^hite has l)een in business here over thirty years altogether. Since commencing in engine build- ing he erected different buildings for the pui^iose of manufacturing thri'.shing machine engines and boilers of all descriptions. The works "ive employment to forty men, anil the product is shipped to all points in the Dominion. A specialty is tlie White threshing engine. E. Winnett & Son, boiler makers, esUvbli.shed this business where they are at present located, on corner of Hfithurst and Adelaide streets, in 1855. The senior partner admitted his son into partnership some years ago. In 187(1, they erecteil a refinery in East London, which they have operated at different jieriods, but it is at present idle, con- fining their attention to the manufacture of boilers exclusively. li. & E. Winnett, boiler makers, had their works est-vblished by Henry Winnett and llichard Witmett, his son, in 1868, in the premises occupied by the present firm, situated on the Hamilton Road, east of Adelaide street. The partnership continued until 1884, when the senior retired, and Richaixi admitted his brother Edward into partner- ship. They opened a branch at Petrolia immediately after, which is managed by Edward, while Richard manages here. They supply the oil refineries and other institutions with boilers. Wortman & Ward Manufacturing Co, was established in 187i* by W. H. Wortman, who came from Illinois, U. S., and John Morrow, a resident of this city, in the upstaire part of Yates's foundry. In 1882 they dissolved, and Morrow retired. ]\Ir. Wortman then formed a partnership with Frank Wartl. The firm at once proceeded with the erection of their present building on York street. In 1880 Mr. Ward severed his connection with the business, and it is now in the hands of W. LI, Wortman. The business has grown from a small beginning to its ]iresent large volume, employing thirty-five hands in the manu- facture of iron pumps, horse and hay forks, barrel churns, wagon scones, and general iron casting. The Ontario ("ar and Foundry Company was established in 1871, under the style of the Ontario Car Company and London Car Wheel Company, with James McMillan, of Detroit, president, and Thomas Muir manager. In 1883 the company experienced a financial pressure. 872 HISTORY OF THE and the business, for a lime, was in the hands of the bank ; but Mr. Muir shortly after took over the concern himself, and is at ^yreseiit tlie ostensible proprietor of the works. He employs about 180 men, and is doing an extensive business. Most of the railroads in Canada have been equipped to a fjreateror less extent by this conn)any. The yards and buildings are situated on Rectory street, south of the Grand Trunk .Railroad track, and comprise 1(;| acres of freehold and 20 acres nf leased land. The manufactures of this company consist of cars, car wheels and civstinuis. John Fox, scale manufacturer, came here from Hamilton and com- menced business in the sjaing of 1881, in a small building on King street, near Ritlout. He at once commenced the erection of his present building opixjsite, and moved into it in December of that year. The manufacture iisually calls for the em})loyment of sixteen hands. The lot on which his building stands was formerly occupied by a livery stable, which was burnt down a number of years ago. Alex. Smith, manufacturer of carriage hardware, commenced busi- ness in 1871, in a frame building on IJundas street, at present occujued by Roger Dart. In 1877, he moved into his j)resent factory on the east side of Wellington, between King and York. The projierty was previously occupied by Rowc & Judd, carriage makers. Mr, Smith employs seven men. John Dymond, the first brewer of London, made the first beer here in his little brewery on the north side of North street ; John Balkwili following him as manufacturer. John Labatt's Brewery owes its inception to Mr. John Balkwill, who commenced in a very primitive way about the year 1828, in a log building. This building was destroyed by fire, and a small stone one was erected in its jilice. Mr. Balkwill disposed of the business in 1847 to Messrs. Labatt & Eccles In 1857 the partner.ship was dissolved. Mr. Eccles withdrew, and J. K. Labatt assumed the entin^ charge of the business, which he conducted until tiie time of his death in 1866. His son, John Labatt, then took hold of the brewery, and has succeeded in extending the trade and making the business rank among the first in the Dominion. In 1874 the buildings were destroyed by fire, but were rebuilt at once on a much larger and more modern plan. The capacity of this establishment is 30,000 barrels of ale and porter per animm, and the capacity of tlie malt-house is about 85 000 bushels. His ales and porters are well known all over this continent, and obtained medals from such exhibitions as the Centen- nial, of Philadelphia, World's Fair, Sydney, Australia, and Paris Exhibition. He contemplates pulling down the brewery building shortly, in order to re-erect it on a larger and more complete plan. This industry gives employment to seventy hands. Carling Brewing & Malting Company was established by Thos. Carling about the year 1 840, in a small wooden building on \Vaterloo street, which in tlie course of a few years gave place to a large brick COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. ?.73 biiildiiifj, now standing. He was joined by liis sons, William and John, a few years after. The senior retired from the business in a very few years, and his two sons continued it. Their ales and porters increased in jiopularity very rapidly, and their business increased in a corres- ponding? degree. Finding their ])remi.se3 altogether too small for their trade, they commenced the erection in 1873 of their present great buildings on the banks of the Thames, immediately south of Oxford street. David Roberts, of Toronto, was the architect of this colossal pile. They moved into the new building on its completion, July 1, 1875, when Messrs. T. Harry Carling and Joshua IJ. Dalton were ad- mitted partners. Their trade now made more rapid strides than ever, as if in .sympathy with the change of ])remises. However, on Feb. 13, 1879, a sudden check was })ut on all their operations by a dis- astrous fire which broke out early on the morning of that date. Their loss was very heavy, but undeterred by such a misfortune, the firm quickly set about rebuilding, and on May 2'.} of the same year they were enabled to recommence business. To prove how substantially the building was erected, the walls 'ere standing almost entire after the conflagmtion. In the summer of 18S2 Mr. Dalton died, and in the following December the business was merged into a joint stock concern, anil has remained in this shape ever since. The president and maniiger is Daniel ]\Iacfie ; vice-president, J. R. ^linhinnick ; su]ierintendent, T. Harry Carling. The capital is S200,00(), and the men employed are 100. The output is about 32,000 Imrrels of ale, porter and lager per annum ; capacity for malting is 80,000 bushels per aimiim, and the quantity of hops used about 400 bales. Joseph Hamilton's brewery was established originally by Marshall & Dundas. John Hamilton purchased their interest about twenty-five years .ago, and carried it on until his death in October, 1887, when his son took hold of the business. The premises form one of the oldest landmarks in the city, and are situated on Ann street. J. Tune & Son's soda-water works were estixblished in 1882 by the above firm in Piatt's building, on Clarence street, north of York street, where they remained two years, when they moved into their present premises in Tanton's block, on York street. The building was enlarged and otherwise altered for their convenience by Mr. Tanton. They have the most modern machinery, employ eight hands, and ship as far west as \Vind.sor and ea« to IngersoU, Woodstock, etc. L V. Ludwig's manufactory of cider and vinegar dates back to ISBC). About two years ago, Mr. Ludwig leased a })ortion of the old Slater malt-house, and commenced business in a moderate way. James R. Oliver also commenced business about a year ago in part of Slater's old malt-house. The workmen for W. J. Reid & Co.'s new china manufiictory arrived October 9, 1876. Glass Bros.' Pottery is successor to the London Crockery Manufac- turing Co., one mile east of the city limits. The firm was formed in 374 HISTORY OF THE March, 188H, for the manufacture of salt-glaze stoneware and I»ock- iii<{lmni and Uristol ware. The London Crockery Manufacturing (In. failed in 1 S(S7, and the plant was purchased by tlio present firm, who employ thirty men. Their clay is brouglit from Akron, Ohio, Amboy, N. J., and Devonshire, England. The original cost of the plant was about 87H,0()(». They have switch-room in yards for fourteen cars and excellent shipping facility. A village has be(Mi built up, known as I'littersville, and a post-office established. The wares are known throughout the Canadas. C IS Hyman & Co., tanners and manufacturers of boots and shoes, was commenced by K W. Hyman in connection with David 0. Marsh in the year l8o5, in a frame building on Talbot street, on thesitaof the present oatmeal mill occui)ied by Muirhcad & Gartley. Tin-y were in bu.>iness as tanners and harne.s.s-makers, and the first in tiiis city to get the contract for making boots for the military. Thisy dissijlved jiartnership in 1850, Mr. Marsh retiring On his witli- , the boiler in the tannery burst, killing two men. In lieu of rebuilding, he added to his .sole-leather tannery on Kichmond street a light stock tannery. The buildings are .situated on what is now known as Carling's Creek, contiguous to Kichmond street. In the year 1874 he erected the present immen.se shoe factory facing on Carling street and running back to North street. Mr. Hyman was a very successful man of business, and usually had interests in various outside schemes. In the year 1877 he built the crockery works in London East, occupied at present by the London Crockery Company. This building was u.sed by Mr. Hyman as a ])ork jiacking house for the export trade. On the 12th of April, 1878, Mr. Hyman's busy life was closed by death. He and John Carling were the first water commissioners elected in the city ; their election took place on the I4th of January, 1878. On Mr. Hyman's death, his two sons, Charles S. and J. W., took hold of tlie business. .1. W. Hyman retired from the firm some six years ago, and the business is now run by Charles S. Hyman, C. J. Beal, John G. Watson and John H. Glass. The capacity is 300 hides i)er week, using ."VOO to 4,000 cords of bark per annum ; and employ a large number of hands, as the boot and shoe business and tannery are now under one management. K Arscott & Co's tannery was commenced on the corner of fleorge and Ann streets in 1866. They pulled down a dwelling which was stand 180!), J. F. the fir withd empio Sti was es twenty K. success boot an extendc south o: JIcDon lieic boxes, a nicnced nient of 187G, wl wlio hav present 1 employ, J as Montri The ( Mrs. Cha] ager, sine start(>d in a building into a snif rear of the premises, employed. e.'h. ] Mrs. Kord south of th department D. S. P comraencec carried on { premises o located. F purchased Y About five _ to his estai Dominion. their trade ii COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 375 standing on the lot, and built the tannery on its site. On July 9, 180'.), he aufl'ered by fire, but rebuilt at once, and startt^d again with J. F. I'lurnett and Joseph Elliott as partners. Burnet' remained in the firm about ten yeare, when he retired, and Mr. E.liott has just withdrawn and left Mr. Arscott alone in the business The works employ about ten men, while the capacity is 100 hides a week. Stevens, Clark & Stevens's boot and shoe factory on Clarence street was established about four years ago, and now gives eir.ployment to twenty-si .X hands. li. F. Lacey & Co., manufacturers of boot and s'loe uppers, are .successors of A. J. Webster, who conducted it in connection with his boot and shoe trade. He sold out in 187") to Mr. Lacey, who has greatly extended the business. The premises are located on Clarence street, south of Dundas, in the upstairs part of the building owned by Wm. McDonough. They employ four or five hands. Keid Bros. & Co., manufacturers of blank books, paper bags and boxes, and wholesale dealers in stationery. This business was com- menced originally by Robt Reid, sr., in 1848, and is the oldest establish- ment of the kind in Ontario. Mr. Reid continued the business until I87G, when he sold out his interest to his sons Robert and George, who have successfully carried it on ever since. They erected their present house in 188(1, and moved into it in January, 1887. They employ, on an average, eighty hands, and ship their goods as far east as Montreal, and as far west as the Pacific coast. The Chapman book bindery was established by Charles Chapman. Mrs. Chapman conducts the business, with Joseph Choquette as man- ager, since Mr. Chapman's death, about twelve months ago. He started in a small way many years ago ; occupied an up-stairs room in a building about a block east of the present bindery ; afterwards moved into a small wooden building, which in course of time, he moved to the rear of the lot to make room for the construction of the present spacious premises, which were erected in 18t)4. About eight hands are employed. E. H. Kordes' book-bindery has been carried on successfully by Mrs. Kordes for some years in the building on Richmond street, just south of the Free Press office. The business is well mana,ged in all departments. 1). S. Perrin & Co., manufacturers of confectionery, biscuits, &c., commenced back some twenty-eight years ago, when 1). S. Perrin carried on a small business on the Hamilton Road. He removed to premises on Richmond street, where Andrew McCormick is now located. Finding this building in the course of time also too small, he purchased his present premises on Dundas street some twenty years ago. About five years ago he purchased adjoining property, which he added to his establishment, making it one of the most extensive in the Dominion. They employ on an average about 130 hands, and push their trade into the remotest corners of Canada. The building this firm .'J7« HISTOUY OF THE occupies was ii» tlio early history of this place used as a residence Ity Mayor Dickson, and also as a bible depository. The McC'orniick Manufacturinj,' Co., manufacturers of confection- ery, biscuits, &c., may be said to have been started in Ajn-il, IH'tH, by Thos. Mc('ormick, in a small buildin<» on Dundas street, nortii side, between Clarence and Wellington. In three months time he moved into a brick buildinj^ a few doors west, kiinj^ one of the stores in wlml is knf)wn as Smith's block ; remained there seven years, and tiien built a factory south of Dr. Proudfoot's ( 'hurch, on Park avenue ; remained in that building for about eight years, and then built his present extensive premises in 1873. The biisiness has rapidly in- creased since its incejjtion. About eight years ago the business was merged into a joint stock concern. Thus. McCormick, president ; Geo. McConnick, cashier ; and A. W. Porte, managing director. The build- ing is 100 X 112 feet, of four floors. The company gives emiiloyment to from 100 to IHO hands. London and Petrolea IJan-el Company. — This company was organ- ized in January, 188t). dohn Forrest^il, William Hockin and Edward V. Taylor are the proprietors, They purchased what was known as the Burrows projierty in East London, situated on Simcoe street, between Adelaide and Rectory streets. There was an old sawmill on thi.s property, which they utilize in their ])resent business, and have also erected a large cooperage shop on the same lot. They do a very extensive business, employ sixty to eighty men, and supply customers all over the Dominion with barrels of all kinds. Hockin and Forrestal were engaged in the cooperage business for a number of years before the organization of the present company. The former started business in the year 1868 on the corner of Wellington and York streets, sub- sequently moving to the corner of York and Burwell streets, where he built a shop in the year 1877. He also erected a cooperage on Bathurat street two years later, where he conducted business up to the time of his connection with the present company. C. R. Somerville, manufiicturer of paper boxes, bags, &c., started in 1885. He might be .said to have succeeded ^Ir. Swazie, who formerly conducted the same line of business in the premises. He emjiloys fifteen to twenty hands. John Watson, packing-box maker, has been in business about two years, renting a part of old Mechanics' Institute, and employing three hands. P. Hendershott & Co., manufacturers of paper bags and boxes and wholesale stationers, came here from SL Catherines nine years ago. Commenced business on his arrival in a building now occu])ied by A. Beck & Co., on Albert street, but subsequently moved to East London, where he conducted business for a short time. He purchased his pre- sent premises, on Dundas street west, in the year 1881. Employs fifteen hands all the time. The North American Manufacturing Company's business was establii James j)lete c( year If liands ('omi)a: recently ing ( "oil and agi tion to genera Job on the the busi COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX. 377 estftblislicd by Samuel Crawfonl. Afterwiii-ds, he took in partnership Juines tiiul John Mahon. In 1881, tin* Messrs. Mahon obtaineil coui- ])lete control and ran it under the style of the "Gloh; Co." In the year ISH.! the firm j^ot into difliculty, and the business i)as.sed into the iiands of the North American Implement & CJeneral Manufacturing Company, and it has been airried on under this style until (juite recently, when tlie name was chanijed to Nortli American Manufactur- ing Company, with (I. C. Jolly, manager. They manufacture wagons and agricultural implements, but at present are confining their atten- tion to the former. Tlu; number of employes is fifty (July, 18.S8), but generally a larger number. John Cami)bell, manufacturer of carriages and wagons, commenced on the corner of Uichmond and Albert streets in 1855. and ajutinued the business there for ten years, and tiien purchased Marcus Holmes's carriage shop, on King street, where he now cixrries on business. He has since made extensive ailditions to his premises. This industry gives employment to fifty men. J. H. Moran, manufacturer of carriages, wagons, etc., established his business in partnershij) witii W. J. Thomjison, as Thompson and Moran, in 1864, in a building situated on Dundas street, where the present Mechanics' Institute now stands. The partnership was dis- solved in 1867, and Mr. Moran went out, but he shortly after re- commenced business partnership with Thomas D. H(xigens in a build- ing situated on Albert and liichmond streets, where John Turner is now located. The firm continued the business there for five years, when Mr. Hodgens went out. In 1877, Mr. Moran moved into his present stand on liichmond, nearly opi)o,site Dull'erin avenue. His brother James joined him in 1879, but retired from the firm in ItWi. The premises were built by John McKellar many years ago, and were used by him as a carriage shoj). W. .1. Thomj)sou, manufacturer of carriages and wagons, established his business in 1868, in a building situated on Dundas street, where the Mechanics' Institute now stands. Remained there until 1875, when he moved into his piesent house, on King street, east of liich- mond. He erected the buildings which cover nearly half an acre. The only buildings standing on the lot when he purchased it was a dv/elling- liouse, formerly owned and occupied by the late Marcus Holmes, also a wagon shop. The industry employs forty-five hands. A. J. Jarvis, manufacturer of light caiTiages and cutters, dates the starting of this business to 1871, when Mr. Pavey built the premises and conducted the business about one year, when it was turned into a joint-stock company, under the style of the McClary-Thompson Carriage Works. This company conducted the business for two years and then sold out to Willard Sage and A. J. Jarvis. The former retained his connection with the business until 1881, when he sold to A. J. Jarvis, who has since been sole proprietor. During the time the business was under the management of the JMcClary-Thompson Car- 378 HISTOUY OF THK building IS riage Works, an addition was made to the premises by the erection of the present large shop to the re?''. There are twenty-five men employed in the shops. B. J. Nash & Co., mannfacturers of carnages, commenced busi- ness in 1872, in a building situated on King street, where George White is now located. In 1875, he moved into the frame building which is still standing opposite the Firemen's Hall, on King street. In 1878 he removed into a brick building on the same street, opposite the market, and carried on there alone until October, 188"), when he formed a partnership with A. B. Greer, and at once commenced the erection of the ]irosent large factory on corner of York and Talbot streets. The main building is 30x150, with wing 30x50, and three stories in height. They em])loy about fifty men. The located on part of the old Hyman tannery projierty. ilohn Turner, manufacturer of carriages, cutters, etc., commenced in his present house in 1880. Was for a short time previous to tliat in ])artner.shiit with his brother Samuel. This industry employs six to eight journeymen all the time. Tiie .site was first oocupied by Camp- liell & Lowry, wagon-makers, about the year 1855. About the year 1867, Hodgens & Moran commenced the caiTiage and wagon busiue.ss in it. li. 1877 the stand was occupied for a short time by Mv. Dodd, builder, etc., but reverted to its original use in 1880. The Dominion Baby CaiTiage {'om])any may be said to have been started by Mr, Milroy, in a building on llichmond .street north, twenty- one years ago. In 1875 he sold out to Arthur E. Ilourd, who con- tinued the business alone until 1881, when it was merged into a joint stock concern, and a large building was erected on the lot formerly occupied by Moorehead's blacksmith shop, on King street. The business was carried on two and a-hiilf years as a joint stock concern, when it was jnirchased by Arthur E. Hourd and James E. Keeideyside, who carry it on under the style of the Dominion Baby Carriage Company. They employ about forty hands all the year round, and dispose of their goods as far east as Halifax, and west to British Columbia. T. Herbert Marsh, manufacturer of horse blankets and wholesale dealer in saddlery hardware and carriage trimmings, bought the old established hardware business of Smith & Chapman ten years ago, on Dundas street, near llichmond; subsequently purchased premises a few doors east, and moved into it, and gradually disposed of his hard- ware stock to make room for his saddlery hardware and carriage trimmings. Nearly two years ago he piu'chased the building he now occuy)ies, on Carling street, near Talbot, from the estate of John Birrell. The building was erected in 1856 by T. Craig and J. Johnston, and has been occupied successively by the ('ommercial Bank, John Birrell & Co., Wm. Lind & Co., and latterly by Mr. Marsh. The lot on which the building stands was formerly owned by a negro who lived in a small frame house. em|)I( point conf( 'J' iicss tlu^ ii at once elli COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 379 J. ^^. Dufton, woollen manufacturer, commenced business in the city seven years ago. He came from Byron, where he was in the same business for many years, and iiurchased his present premises on King street west when he started here. He does an important business ; employs twenty hands, and ships goods to Montreal and other eastern pf)iiits. Tiie ]n-o[)erty he occupies was formerly used as a bakery and conftictionery by Keenleyside & Co. Tlios. CJreen & Co., l)uilders, contractors and planing mill, was cora- inenccd by Thos. Green in 1853, in a small frame building on the lot wluTo the gas-works now stands ; was at that time associated in busi- ness witli Wm. Elliott ; were twice biu'ned out, and immediately after the last tire, in 1856, Mr. Elliott retired from the business. Mr. Green at once erected a frame shop on Bathurst street, between '^'larence and Wellington, on the lot where his present shop now stands In 1873 he admitted John Shoi)land into partnership. They were burned out ill 1883, but the old frame building was at once replaced by the present substiintial brick building. They employ about forty men. .1. C. Dodd & Son, builders and planing mill owners, date their name in London back to 1845. In 1879, .1. C. Dodd moved into the slio]) on the corner of Wellington and Bathurst streets, where John Elliott & Co. formerly conducted a foundry business. In September, 1880, the old wooden building was destroyed by fire, but was replaced at once by their present commodious brick building. John G. Dodd was admitted into partnership in 1863, and the constitution of the firm has remained unchanged ever since. They employ usually about thirty hands. Wm. Gerry, planing mill and builder, commenced this business in 1871, in partnership with his brother. In 1882 they dissolved, and William has since conducted the business alone. His mill is situated on Craig street, between Queen street and Wortley road, Loudon South. He manufactures all kinds of materials for house building ; takes contracts for building, and generally employs from eighteen to twenty men. Hilliard & McRoberts, sash and blind factory, commenced business as a firm about two years ago. Mr. Hilliard was carrying on business jnv.viously, in connection with other parties. They rent part of the old Meclianics' Institute, and employ ten to fifteen hands. Wm. Beck & (,"o., manufacturers of veneer, thin lumber, etc., claim Adam Beck as the sole manager. He commenced here in 1884, but the business was established in Gait in 1880, and was conducted there until his removal to this city. The manufacture of cigar boxes is combined with that of veneer and thin lumber. Mr. Beck has introduced the most approved machinery in his works, and employs usually about twenty-five hands. Spanish cedar is used in the manu- factme of the cigar bo.xes. The firm import the cedar from Mexico and Spain. John Ferguson, manufacturer of furniture and undertaker. — The 380 HISTORY OF THE proprietor of this business commenced operations in the year 1856, in a small frame building on the corner of Clarence und King. He remained there two years, and then moved into a frame building on the corner of llichmond and King, on the site of the yn'esent Masonic Temple. The building was only demolished at the time of the erection of the Temple. About 18(12 he purchased a lot with two frame cottages on it from Patrick Tierney. He sold the cottages to Thomas Kent, and erected on the lot the large brick building which he at present occupies. In 1.S84 he purchased the lot west adjoining his building, and added to his premises. The London Furniture Company may be said to have been estaVj- lished by llobert McLeod. l)i 18.")7 he was succeeded by Moorehcad & Brown. They commenced in an old frame building situated on the west side of the present factory. Mr. lijown did not long remain a partner. In 1860 the factory was burned. Mr. Moorehead at once erected a brick building in its place, and also put uj) a brick warerooin facing on King street. He conducted a raindly-increasing business until 1871, when he again suffered from a disastrous fire. He rebuilt at once on a much more extensive scale. The buildings facing on King street have a frontage of 200 feet. Mr. ]\loor(»head'.s business had become very large by this time, and continued so until iJune, 1878, when he became involved, and the business passed out of his hands. The interest was jiurchased by Y. A. Fitzgerald and (". P. Smith, who conducted it as a firm for six months. They then organized a joint stock company, with a capital of $150,000. F. A. Fitzgerald was elected president and C. P. Smith vice-president. In 1880, Mr. Smith died, and his brother, H. A. Smith, took his place. The eonijiany employ ] 20 men, and ship their furniture all over the Dominion. The Bennett Furnishing (."om])any may be said to own its origin to Charles Bennett, who commenced business in 18r)8 in a building situated on the lot now occupied by the Masonic Temple, on Rich- mond street. He was associated for a short tune then with John Ferguson. In the year 1861 he moved into a building on the north side of King street, a few doors west of Clarence stieet. He was burned out there I 1871, but rebuilt at once. His sons, Charles, James, George and Robert W. Bennett, took hold of the business about this time. On account of their trade increasing rapidly, they were conijielled to look around for larger premises. In the year 1 876 they purchased the old Mechanics' Institute property on Talbot street and converted it into a factory. They carried on business in that building until 1882, when the Bennett Furnishing Company was organized, with John I^abatt, president, and Henrv Taylor, I. Danks, T. H. Tracy and the Bennett iSros., directors and .- tockholders. The company at once commenced the erection of their present premises on Rectory street, ad'oining the Grand Trunk Railway ; they also opened a branch factory at Glasgow, Scotland. In 188:i the company disposed of its interest to Henry Taylor and the Messrs. Bennett, In 1886 the firm COUNT V OF MIDDLESEX. 381 opened another branch factory at London, Eng. Henry Taylor's interest in tlie business ceased some months a<;o, and Edward Thomp- son, of Edinburgh. Scotland, took his place. Three of the Bennetts are managing thebmnches in Great Britain and Ilobert W. Bennett man- ages here. They employ fifty-five men here, seventy-six at Glasgow and sixty-three at London, Eng. They manufacture school and church fnrniture and seating of all descriptions ; they also ship the bulk of their goods to (Jreat Britain. James M. ('ousins, manufacturer of pumps, commenced busine-ss in 1.S43. He came from Nova Scotia to London about that time, and has since been connected with the manufacturing interests, The fac- tory is on Bathurst street, between Richmond and Kidout. Job Cousins, pump manufticturer, commenced business in 1872, in his ])resent factory. He was burned out in the fall of 1887, but re- built on the former site, A, Cole, wood turner and band and scroll sawyer, commenced about 1870, in a frame building on York street, opposite Grand Trunk Kailroud de])ot ; was burned out in September, 1887, but rebuilt and recommenced the following November. He employs about six hands. Has all modern machinery in his establishment, and [troduces some excellent work. Few fail to remember the lively times created by the discovery of the existence of oil in this county. Many excellent men were attacked by the oil fever, which finally settled down to oil on the brain, when the antics of the patients afforded very general amusement for the outsiders who had escajwd the contagion. The brigade, with oil on the brain, pitched in lively, leased or bought up " rich oil lands," and, after digging numerous holes in the ground, estiiblished the Middlesex Oil Exchange. Ultimately, oil specidators failed to strike oil ; Chicago and Toledo men disappeared after reajiing whatever harvest there was to be garnered, and i\w oil craze ceased ; then the question of refining crude oil from the paying wells westward was raised, and soon London F.!ist was alive with men engaged in the industry. The works were owned by H. Waterman & Brother, Carbon Oil Co , Duffleld Brothers, Fitzgeviild & Co., J. It. Minliiuiiick & Co., Spencer &. Keenleyside, Millcir & Co., and in 18()lt, Englehart & Co. From the advent of the last named — a New York firm — the progress of oil refining here dates. The (jil from the Waterman works took a leading jjlace, and won prizes at the several national exhibitions of tiie seventies. W. S. Wilson's oil refinery may be said to have been started by J. V. Tiiompson & W. S. Wilson in 1871. There was a building on the lot at the time of the purchase, but they erected other buildings for the accommodation of their business. The partnership existed until tile year 187."), when Mr. Thompson withdrew. Mr. Wilson has since been a.s.sociated in business with his brother, but is now sole proprietor. He has been engaged in the matnil'acture of soap as well as oil, but gave up the former business not long ago. He has not been operating 382 HISTORY OF THK much in oil lately, but the apjiearances are he will resume ayain shortly. J. W. Mcintosh & Co., oil refinery, was estahlished in 1878. Tlio buildin<];.i were erected by John Koss, and purchased from him by J. W. Mcintosh. The latter carried on the business until some five years c;^o, when he was joined by John Fonestal, who still remains a partner, Their works are located on yinicoe street, in Lf)ndon East. Imperial Oil Company was organized in 1880, with R A. P'itz- geiald, president, and J, L. Englehart, vice-president. The paid up capital is $500,000. The company owns large oil producing and refin- ing properties at Petrolea ; they also have a pai'affine works here. They are manufacturers and producers of all kinds of illuminating and lubricating oils, and parafline wa.^c and candles. They have agencies established in St. John, N. B.. Montreal, Toronto, and Winnipeg. They em])loy in their works and office some 500 men. As will be seen bv their numerous agencies, they dispose of their products in all parts of the Dominion, The original works were destroyed by fire in Julv, 188;]. Empire Oil Company was organized in the beginning of 1885, and is composed of J. K. Minhinnick and Herman Frasch. The buildings were erected by Edward Mcdarvey in 1876. He only airried on business until 1877, when he disposed of it to Conover & McMechan, who relinquished it in 1879. The ])roperty was then lying idle until its purchase by the present firm They have atlded to the ])lant very considerably, and have now a complete establishment. Manufacturo burning oil, and also machine oils, giving employment to ten men. The pro{)erty is situated on the corner of VV^alker and Kectcry streets, and extends back to Trafalgar street. W. Spencer & Co., oil refiners, composed of W. Spencer and his two sons, W. M. and C. M. Sjiencer, purchased the lot and erected their refinery in 1886. The senior member of this firm is one of the oldest oil o])erators in this portion of the Dominion, and established a refinery in Woodstock twenty-si.x years ago ; has been in the oil busi- ness at Petrolea and London for the past twenty-one years ; has been associated with ditlerent persons at various times ; his two sons have also been brought up to the business. They have introduced the very best plant in their works, and have complete and commodious premises. P. M . I^awrason, manufacturer of lard oil, and dealer in soap stock, has Iwen in busine.ss at London for over fifteen years, — at first in the petroleum trade, but since 1870, has been engaged in the manufacture of lard oil, near the corner of Trafalgar and Adelaide streets. He em- ploys about seven hands. The product is shipped to the eastern provinces, and also sells west of London. Mr. Lawrason is assisted by his son in the management of the business. The London Drug Company, KeiTy, Watson & Co., Montreal, pro- prietors, was established by B. A, Mitchell in 1854, and the business was conducted by him until 1883, when the present company estab- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 383 ll his recteii If the. led a Ibiisi- Ibeen Ihave ]very lises. |tock, the pture em- ktern Id by lislied this branch house. The house f^ives employment to fifteen men, and their trade, which is entirely wholesale, extends over Western Canada. James l)ou<^las has been manager since ISH.'j. The Canada Chemical Manufacturing Company was organized May 21, 18G7, with Wm. Bowman president. Mr. Bowman has occupied this position without interru])tion ever since. Mr. T. H. Smallmun is the manager. They erected their buildings on Rectory street, soutii of the Grand Trunk Railway, and commenced in the manufacture exclusively of sulphuric acid, but have since engaged in the manufacture of nitric, muriatic, sulphuric and mi.xed acids ; also liquid and suljjhate ammonia, copperas, Glauber's salts, and other ingredients. They have sutlered twice by fire— the first time on September 1(5, 1869, and again on June 12, 1887. The buildings were totally consumed on both occasions, but were speedily rebuilt. This industry employs fifteen hands. McKay & ( 'o., manufacturers of cigars, was commenced by Hugh McKay tliirteen years ago in a snuill way, and was joined shortly after by dohn McNee. The business was first started on Dundas street next to Hiscox's livery ; remained there but a short time, and then moved into the old Buckley block on Richmond street, opposite the city hall, where they remained until the erection of their present substantial premises on Clarence street, over a year ago. They employ about UlO hands, and their product is about $1 20,000 annually. They manufacture about 3,500,000 cigars every year, and pay the Government S20,000 revenue. Atkins & Manness, manufacturers of cigars, commenced business hereabout 1803, when Wm. Atkins, who served his time wiHi the old firm of Tuckett & Kohl, first started for himself in the building now occupied by Twohy & Screaton, on Dundas street. Mr. Kohl, of the firm of Tuckett & Kohl, died, and ilr. Atkins carried on the business in partnership with Mrs. Kohl. The partnership oidy existed about two years, and was then dissolved, Mr. Atkins retiring or account of his health. In the course of three years he again started, but had to give it up once more on account of his health. He established his jiresent hou.se in 188") on Richmond street, where ten men are em- ployed. Olmsted Brothers, manufactiu'ers of cigars, was started by George and Lewis Olmsted, in 1883. The premises they occupied are situated on the south side of Dundas street, between Talbot and Ridout streets, and were built twenty years ago by .lohn Glen, who conducted a tailoring house. The Olmstead Brothers purchased the property from the Glen estate. Lewis died about two years ago, and the busi- ness is now run by George, rn'^er the old firm name. They usually employ about fifty hands. Joseph Smith, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business in partuersliip with his brotiier Albert, in 1873. After being together about two years, they dissolved. Joseph then removed into Hunt's Block. 384 HISTORY OF THE Albert Smith, manufacturer of ci<,'ars, dates back sixteen years, when he commenced in the old Kobinson Hall, on Duiidas street. After a year, he admitted his brother Joseph into partnership. Tliey dissolved in 1875, since which each of the ii has conducted a separ- ate business. He employs about forty hands. 0. E. Jirener, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business in a building on the west .side of Wellington, b'-'.ween liathurst and Horton streets. It was formerly used as a commercial college, and has served other purj)Oses. He carried on there four or five years and then moved into the Cruickshank Jilock on the west side of Kichmond street, south of King. In 188() he moved into his })resent stand on Itidout street, a few doors north of King. The premises were formerly used as an hotel by Mr. Stansfield, and were also at another period occupied by tlie military, when London was a garrison town. Mr. lirener employs alwut thirty hands. William Wai-d, manufacturer of cigars, commenced business on the corner of Burwell and King streets in May, 1875, where he remained until the close of 187(i, when he removed over Mountjoy's fruit store, on the east side of Richmond street. In April, 1887, he again moved into the ujiper flat of the Agricultural Loan Comjiany's building, on the corner of Dundas and Talbot streets. In Ajiril, 1887, he purcha.sed his present premises on Dundas street, north side, near llidout street, from Mr. Kelly, who, until recently, conducted a cigar factory in the same premises. The Rose Cigar Factory was originally established by W.T.Ruther- ford about fifteen years ago. Mr. Rose followed him, conducting the factory for about three years, when Alexander Irvine purchased the estate and reopened the house in September, 1888. John R. I'eel, manufacturer of monuments, mantels, etc., com- menced business in 18r)2, in a building situated on south side of Dundus street, east of Clarence. He took as partner R, M. Lucas, who was an accountant in the Gore bank at that time. The partnership did not last long. About the year 185(), Peel formed a partner.ship with (Jeo. I'owell, which existed initil 186(), when a dissolution took ])lace. Since then Mr. Peel has been in business alone. For some years he has been located next to the corner of Richmond and Maple streets. John W. Smyth, manufacturer of moimnients, mantels, etc., dates back in bu.siness here to 1852, when he commenced on Dundas street, between Richmond and Clarence. He afterwards moved to the corner of Dundas and Wellington streets, but for the ])ast few years has been on the corner of Clarence and King streets. John Matheson, manufacturer of monuments, commenced business in Woodstock in 18r)6; removed to London in 1874, where, for some years, he kept all his stone at the station, but he now has a small place on Talbot street. The excellent workmanship of Mr. Matheson can be seen in the many monuments adorning the cemeteries in and around London. COUNTY OF MIDPLESEX. 385 George Powell & Son, majiufacturera of raonuments, mantel- pieces, &c., established a yard here in 185B (then Powell & Peel). Tiiey dissolved in 1866. Mr, Powell remained in the premises and Mr. Peel opened another yf.rd. At the time of the dissolution, Mr. I'owell took his son George into partnership. The senior lately retired, and George, jr., now conducts the business alone under the old style, lie generally has about five ha;'ds employed. T. J. Heard, manufacturer of monuments, mantels, etc., commenced business in 1877, in partnership with Charles Dunnett. They were only together a few months, when Mr. Dunnett died. He then foiiued a partnership with Samuel Flory, under the style of T. J, Heard & Co. They boiight out Samuel Hooper, and conducted busi- ness in his stand on Richmond street, next to Cronyn Hall. In 1882 Mr. Flory withdrew, and John Matheson took his place. They did not long renuxin in partnership. Mr. Matheson went out and Mr. Flory was again admitted for a short time, but once more withdrew. Mr. Heard is now alone, and is located on Adelaide street, north of DuUerin avenue. I. M. Mayell & Co., manufacturers of coffee, spices, mustards, cream tartar, baking powders, etc., and also dealers in toilet soaps, extracts, and sodas, established their business about thirteen years ago, but Mr. Mayell has been proprietor only since 1883. They employ altogether nine hands, and have all the latest improved machinery. They buy their stocks in Europe and New York. Mr. Mayell's partner is his son, A. W. Mayell. Hughson, Ferrier & Co , manufacturers of coffees, spices, etc., com- menced business January 1, 1888, succeeding Soper & Gustin, who were ruiniing the business over a year before it was purchased from them. Have all the improved machinery, and generally employ eight to ten hands. James A. Ferrier & J. L. Jackson are the present proprietors. Mr. Hughson retired from the firm early in 1888. Forest City Spice Mills (Wm. (Jorman, D. Uyson & R. C. Eckert, proprietors), commenced in April, 188(1, in a leased building on Talbot street, formerly used as a cai-penter shop. The business requires the attention of five hands. London Soap Company is an important industry. The building used was erectetl by VVm. Starr, about twenty-five years ago, who con- ducted a soap manufacturing business in it for ten years. At the end of that i)eriod he sold out to Peel & Strutliers, wlio continued about two years. About the year 1875, Thos. Churcher purchased their interest and relinquished it in 1886, wheti T. Alcock purchased it. He was shortly joined by H. I). Long, who subsequently bought out Alcook's interest, and is now the sole ]iroprietor. Mr. Long employs .seven men in connection with this industry, and has no difficulty in disposing of whatever stock he niarnifactures. Frank Haskett, manufacturer of tallow grease, etc., established this industry in December, 1887. The building was erected in 1880 by a 25 386 HISTORY OF THE Mr. Harris, who conducted buainoss in it until 183.">, when lie sold nit to Richprd Haskett, father of the j)resent projjrietor, Mr. Harris, sv., continued the business until th his four daughters estiib- lishcd a house at London, where a large trade is done. Tlios. liryan, brush manufacturer, began Ijusiness in 1872, manu- factiu'ing a com])lete line of j)aint, varnish and kals(jmine brushes. He jiurcliased his ])resent house on iJundas street west, .some five years ago. The building is i)art of the old Robinson Hall. The oldest Masonic lod|.;c-rooni in the city is said to have teen in the upper story. Mr. Bryan disposes of his products all over the Dominion. The Troy Li.'iindry is one of the largest establishments of its kind in Western Ontario, and very pojiular at London. Wahelee Angnee was the first ("hine.se lauiidrymau in London, commencing business November 10, 1878. Parisian Steam Laundry, branch of Detroit business, commenced here about four years ago, occui>ied temporary (juarters on Richmond street, until the completion of their present handsome house on Dun- das street. The company commenced the erection of the building in 1887 and have only been occupying it since April 2, 1888. They erajiloy about forty hands, and have met with great encouragement since launching out here. John K. Spry is the manager. The lot on which their building is erected was formerly used as a marble and stone yard by Mr. Matheson, and prior to that by some of the first buildings of the Forks. Wholesale Himses. — In ISO.'i, there were only three wholesale houses in the city — Adam Hope& Co., established in 1857 ; John Bir- rell the same year, and John I. Mackenzie some time later. In 1866 Hope and ^lackenzie removed to Hamilton. The following year the firm of John B. Laing & Co. opened up, and John Green «&; Co. followed suit in 1872. Robinson & Little opened out a year or two after, and within recent years came the ready-made clothing house of Burns & Lewis ; A. E. Pavey & (.Jo., tweeds and gents' furnishings ; Struthers, Anderson & Co., dry goods ; and Dickisf)n, Nicholson & (Jo., small wares. The first wholesale grocery, pure and simple, was that of Edward Adams & Co., and within the pa.st fifteen years this has been supplemented by the well-known establishments of M. Masuret & Co. (an importJint house), T. B. Escott & Co., and A. M. Smith & Co. It is of comparatively recent date that the wholesale drug trade has been operated from the city, but now a large business is done by James A. Kennedy & Co. and the London Drug Company. W. J. Reid & Co. were the pioneers in the crockery trade, and they are still here. There is also another flourishing establishment in the firm of Pigot & Bryan. In the way of shoe houses, this has long been a recognized centre, and C. S. Hyman & Co. and Sterling Bros, maintain this reputation, there being, besides, a number of jobbers. Millinery is also 388 HISTOUY OF THE something of recent years, now reijrescmtc.d by three flourishini,' firms, John Ureen & Co., Lamoine & ('o. (succcssurs to the Crawfords), and Dickison, Nicholson & (.'o. The first firm in the line of hats and inps began in 1874, under the name of Marshall, Lind & Macfie, now repre- sentt'd by .lolm Marshall & Co. and K. C. Macfie & Co. In haniwarn proper are the Hobbs Hardware Ccjnipany and IJowman, Kennody & Co., and, in saddlers' hardware, T. lierbert Marsh and VVilliaia Ellis. It is estimated that the above firms represent a Inisiness of $7, •"•Oo, 000. Until abont 1.S67 bnyers came to the market at least from twice to four times a year, and the bulk of the busine.s3 was rushed into two seasons. Now an army of travellers represent London houses, ami goods are sold from Prince P^dward Island to British Columbia. Tiie stained glass trade by Lewis and the ])ottery trade by Glass may be placed with the wholesale houses, as they do a large local trade, out.side their factory trade. There are other large dealers, such as Alex. John- ston & Co. (establisbed in 18.")8), George Kerr and H, H. Job & Co., dealers in leather, who bring to the city a great circle of customers. Kowat, McMahon & Granger's new dry goods jobbing hou.se is a most important addition. Early Taverns and Groceries. — Abram Carroll, who, as related, built the first large log house at London, on Dundas ; kfjpt an hotel in that building in 1827-«S. I'here the present William McClary wa.s a guest in the years named. He did not .stay at McGregor's, for although it was the first inn, Carroll's was the first house of entertainment deserving the name. Mrs. Nelson Perkins, a daughter of this ( 'arroll, is now residing in Dakota, whither she moved in 1888 from London. In July, 1834, Ephraim Ayers was licensed to keep an inn. In January, 1837, James Farley, William Park, Abram Van Norman, Samuel Peters, John McDonald and Sarah IMcCann were authorized to keep grocery stores on payment of twenty shillings each. In October, 1838, one Samuel Stansfield, formerly a .sergeant in the 32nd regiment, was granted a licen.se to keep an inn on jiaynient of £7 10s, In Ajiril, 1843, John Nixon was allowed to keep tavern in a new house instead of the one destroyed by fire. Hugh Aladole was allowed to keep tavern at London, and Thomas Adkins, at Port Staidt-y. On April 2G, grocery license No. 1 was issued tu James Farley ; while John Dimond and John Palkwill were recommended for ale and beer license on payment of 25 shillings each. In May, Samuel McHride complained that Patrick McCauley kept a disorderly house. The contrary was proven to be the case, so that McBride had to pay 13i shillings for his error. Grocery licenses were issued to Samuel Peters, Leonard Perrin, John Wood, John Mead Iraber and John Schofield. On May 22, grocery licenses were issued to Samuel Glass, Patrick McLaughlin, John Scanlou, Daniel Westrop, William Crosby, John Clegg, William Goodwin, M. Richard and -las. Mucklin. Mirain H. Rowley applied for livery stable license, being the second of that class, the first being issued to Hiscox and the third to John Coote. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. :}89 Grocery licenses were also issued in May to Charles 0. New- cfinilie, Henjainin Dixon, Michael Mcljin^hlin, Maurice ]{alence ; while the assessment of £2^> on Uev. Iv Evans's can-iaf^e, and the taxes due by Widow Wilkins (sixteen shillings and thniepence), were remitted, .lolin Claypole's grocery license was grantijd. Charles Joxley was licensed in .Inly to ket!]) grocery. William Crosby's gi-ocery license was transferred in August from lot 1, north of Dundas street, to lot 20. Miss Jane Higgins was granted a license to carry on a grocery on lot 11, south of King street ; while William Glen was licensed to open a gi'ocery on lot 2, nt)rth on Dundas street, in October, 184:>, and Jo.seph Howell was granted license to carry ou a grocery on lot 12, north on Uundas street. In Noveml)er, a gi'ocery license was issued to John Bremner for lot 20, north on Dundas, and Cornelius Driscoll was gi-anted a license for his grocery on Mark Lane, next to Barrack Sergeant O'Brien's houi-e. Duncan Mackenzie was licensed to keep a grocery on lot 17, north side of Dundas street, and also a beer license. Joseph Essery was licensed tf) keep a gi'ocery on lot 20, north side of King street, in December, 1843. Patrick Finnegan was licensed to keep a grocery, but subscfiuently got Crosby's ; while Joseph Stour and W. Winslow were authorized to keep beer saloons in January, 1844. Sarah Murray was licensed to sell beer on lot 12, north of Dundas. Livery stable licenses were placed at £5 cunency; and J. & J. Forsyth were granted a grocer's license for their house on Kidout .street, in December, 1844. The grocers of London licensed in 1844 were: — James Hopkins, Win. Goodwin, W. Ambridge, Maurice Baker, P. McLaughlin, Hugh Stevenson, Peter Gandy, all on Bidout .street; Charles Travers, lot 21, King street, adjoining Gaudy's ; Robert Girdy, for beer house, lot 3, Church street; Wra. Glenn, James Farley, Peter Burke, lot 11, north Dundas street; John Bremner, lot 20, Duncan Mackenzie, lot IG, T, N. Baker, lot 16, on Dundas street; Samuel Glass, lot 1(1, north of King street ; Thomas Travers, lot 15, Bathurst street ; Siirah Souter, on King street ; John Clcgg, lot 0, south Simcoe street ; Wm. Titten.ser, lot 4, Furnival Terrfice ; John Wood, lot 6, Simcoe street; John Scan- Ian, lot 6, Bathurst street ; also for house formerly canteen, adjoining log barracks. Licenses were also granted to Joseph Essery, Jane Hig- gins, J. Claypole, John Talbot, W. Howe, Sol. Schenick, Cornelius Driscoll, Wm. Howard, John Schofield (opposite Inquirer office), Job Herrin, Wm. Whitley, ('has. Joxley, Adam S. Stephen, Thomas Clark, Jcimes C. Mucklin, or Macklin, John O'Flynn, Benj. Dixon, John A. Jackson, on Dundas street; A.B.Jones, lot 4, North street; Wm. Scott, lot 10, south Dundas street; Henry Hunn, York street; Cyrus Morrison, and Charles Morrell. 390 UlrtTdUY l)K THE III 1845, Tlcnrv MiUIumhom, Uidiuid I'liilpott, Pliiiu'iis Kitzsimons, tFidiii Ijowi'iiimii 1111(1 kStt'iiheii P. I'robitt worn lict'iisntl ; also .lolm Wilson, Jiiiiu's A. Wilkiiiaoii, Thomas Carlinn;, Thomas Smith, Joliii Salslicriv, Simon Koliins, Henry Carroll, and .lolin May. Almost all the iihovo woro liiirnod out in tin; },'reat tire of 18-15. ( hristif's grocery store is mentioned in 184"). John W. Crunell was licensed to ojieii a f;roeery on lot 11, south side of Kin^' street, in Novemlier. In Deceiuher, Itichurd I'lrailford, on lot "JO, Ridout; (Jeo. Allen, on lot S, SinuMe; Itoht. IJentley, on lot 14, N. Dundas; JdIih May, lots l;> and 14, Wellin<;ton, were licensed to sell ale and beer; also . I oliii Burke, n;i lot '.', North .street; Samuel Perkins, on lot (i, W. Waterloo; Nehemiah Clarke, lot 2. N. North .street; Edward Irvin, lot 1, S. Dundas; Robert Mdiirdy, lot 8, Richmond; .folin Nison, in the liee Hive, Wellinjiton street; Duncan McKellar, Itidout street; (leo. Syckes, lot 21, Kiufj street; Henry I'onts, lot 6, S. Dundas; John Wilson, lot 14, S. ]5athur.st; Roliert Jex. lot 18, Dunda.s ; Charles Lindsay, lot lo, Dundas; James Kennedy, lot 14, York; Moses Landers, lot 2, N. Dundas. In 184() Martin McCor- mick was licensed to sell beer on lot 21, N. King street; William Louthan, lot l.">, S. Dundas; James Moir, lot 2, S. North; John McKenzie, lot 21, N. Dundas; James MoH'at, lot 10,8. Duiidit.s; and Thomas Webb, lot 1, S. IJathurst. At this time John Raynard obtaimsd a grocer's license for lot 11, S. Dundas ; also John P. AIa.s()ii, lot 1, N. .street; H. O'Brien, lot 13, Market Lijie ; Arch. Boyde, lot II, Church street ; Sam. H. Cli.s.sold, lot 14, S. Dundas; James Ho]>kin.s, lot 10, N. King street. In Fiibruary, 184"), Alexander Mc- Kenzie was licensed to ojien a grocery on lot 3, E. Ridout street, and Boyle Travers a saloon, on lot lii, N. Dundas street. In 1845, John M. Parker and Philo Bennett were ajipointed special constables to examine and report on the manner in which the inns of London were conducted. In May, 184(1, Robert Wyatt opened a beer saloon on Market lane. At this time the British Exchange and North American Hotel were jiopular houses in Western Canada. James McFadden peti- tioned the Board in June, 184(), to have the sidewalk on the south side of King street planked from the North American Hotel to the river. In April, 1847, grocery licenses were issued to Simon Thorns, Grammer and Isaac Percival. In August, 1848, D. H. Richards, owner of a billiard table, was asked to pay £40 license for .same, in addition to a license already issued to him, for which he paid £1(1. Richards demurred. In December, 1848, the following licenses were renewed: — Robert Carfrae, Wm. Burns, John Matthews, John Hopkins, Win. Harris, John Walsh, Wm. Thomp.son, John Scott, Wm. Balkwill, Finlay Mc- Lee, Charles Lindsay, Wm. Hatelie, William Barker, Edward Stanley, Benj. Higgins, Thomas O'Mara, Alex. Allen, John Graham, John Clegg Smith Peter Carnc! Stevei M 1848, years revisit there, ideas death Th out a John by a ni that Woods COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX. 301 Clo<»<;, Jiunes T. Mason, Jiuiies Diif,% James McFiiddon, (Japt. .lolin Sinitli, and 1'. Mc< 'ann. Th« new licenses granted wen; issued to : — I'cter Sclu'ain, Charles Hew(!tt, -lames lUid^e, James Hector, Sanuud Curnciy, Adam J. Beveridge, .lohn Brown, Richard Jeiniiii}»s, K. Stevenson, and Edward Irwin. Matthias O'Flaherty, of Kerry Co., Ireland, who settled here alioiit 184H, was lor a number of years engaged in railroading, but for sixteen years prior to his death, in hotel keeping. In 1881, he ami his Ijrother revisited Ireland, where both were arrested under the laws pnjvailing there. The prison treatment for men suspected of liberal political ideas was so severe that Matthias did not recover from it up to his death in 1882. The trial of Mrs. Ann Gamble, for selling spirituous litpiors with- out a license, was heard before the Town Council, A}>ril !(», 1849. .lolin Woods testified, that he sent to Mrs. Gamble for a ])int of whisky by a man named Turner, and got a half-pint, tieorgc Turner swore that "on Saturday or Friilay last — won't be certain which days — Mr. Woods came to his house and said, rubbing his hands, ' its a cold morning ; will you get me some whisky ? ' I went to the hou.se of the defendant, At first she refused, but afterwards she brought some beer and gave me some whisky. I paid one and one-half pence for the beer, and took the whisky for nothing." The Court fined the lady £■) and taxed her with 1 6s. costs. Van Valkenburgh was licensed to keep an inn on Dundas street, George Cook, on Colborne, and Ann Gamble, on Wellington ; also E(jbert McGurdy, in 1849, so that by December, 1849, there were forty-one licenses issued to inn-keepers and others. John Loveless established the first temperance hotel at London in July, 1851. On February 16, 18r»2, petitions by John Frazer and 474 other inhabitants ; by Mrs. Christian Boyd and 7;> members of Rising Star Union, Daughters of Temperance; by Robert Boyd and 10(5 members of Pioneer Division, Sons of Temperance; by James Kirkwood and 4:! cadets of temperance, and by Duncan McKenzie and 43 mem- bers of the London Division Sons of Temperance, were presented to the Council, asking that the number of hou.se3 for the sale of intoxi- cating drinks be limited. The Council at once acted on the petition, restricting the immbev of inns to twenty, and ordering a license of £20 to be collected from each. In January, 1855, John Clegg, of a Council committee, reported in favor of classifying hotels and taverns for licensing purposes. The first class was to comprise : — Robinson Hall, the City Hotel, the Golden Ball, Western, American and Prospect House, hotels, at £25 each ; the ('ommercial, Waterloo, Prince of Orange, Western Railway, Sun Inn, Haq) I nn. Farmer's Inn, Great Western Railway Hotel and Farmer's Inn on Dundas street, £15 each, and hotels of the third class, £8 each. The first-class saloons at that time were Young's, Hull's, Ferguson's, Litch- field's and Dunn's. The license proposed for each was £25, and £15 392 HISTOKY OF TUK for all other saloons ; shop and livery licenses, £12 lOs ; auctioneer's, £7 I Us. ; cabs, £1 Hs. ; carter's, £1 ; peddler's, £5 10s. ; temperance houses, £.") ; billiard halls, £1 5s. ; ball alleys, £7 lOs. ; all exhibitions, £15. The by-law lowered the rates about fifty per cent. The fore- going memoranda from records may be said to point out the history of the early inns, taverns a ' i groceries, and municipal dealings with them, down to 18r)6, when tlie first directory of the city was compiled. The lic{i buildil COUNTY OF MIDULESKX. 39:i Cah Licenses. — John Gibbins, Benjamin Fieldhoiisc, and Charles Lynch. The Ontario Gazetteer, or the local directory, contains a history of London from this pei'iod forward, so that a mention of a few of the leading hotels will close this section of the chiij)ter. Iloteh. — The Tecuniseh House is the oldest of the modern hotel buildings of London. It was built in IS")"), and opened in 18")6. This building has a frontage on Richmond street of 200 feet, on York street of I.")! I, while the southern front on the railroad is also 150 feet. The building is four stories in height, and admirably laid out for hotel ])ur- poses. Among the names connected with the ownership of the house are those of B. F. Moore, Messrs. Conklin, Winnett, and Bustwick. James C. Derby managed the house years ago, while to day, one of the most polished of hotel niaiiagers, Mr. Davis, has control. The hotels of twenty years ago, locations, and names of owners, are as follows : — Revere House — E. Woodbury, proprie- tor, Richmond, corner of King. Strong's Hotel — Wm. Hawthorne, pro- prietor, north .side Dundas, between Rich- mond and Clarence. City Hotel— J. k T. Mossip, proprie- tors, Uundas, corner of Talbot. Western Hotel — J. Mason, proprietor, Richmond. Halkwill's Hotel — .1. Snell, proprietor, northwest corner of King. City Arms Hotel — J.Pannel, proprietor, King, op]iosito Market. Ontario Hotel — John Dulmage, proprie- tor, King, ojjposito Market. DHayden's Hotel — Thonia.s Hayden, pro- prietor, corner of King and Talbot. American House — Samuel Giigg, pro- prietor, soutlieast corner Richmond and York. Hrock's Hotel — J. McDowell, proprie- tor, northwest corner of Talbot and York. Tecumseh House— li. F. .Moore, with J. C. Darby, jnAnager. Westminster Hotel — John Bald;?, pro- prietor, south side King, near Ridout. Anglo-American Hotel— P. H. liradt, proprietor, northwest corner York and Weliiugton. Royal Hotel — Francis Campbell, pro- prietor, Richmond, between Great West- ern Railroad and liathurst. Montreal House — William A. Esstry, projirietor, York. Haystead's Hotel — David Haystead, proprietor, southwest corner Ridout and King. Hiscox Hotel — Thomas Powell, projirie- tor, Dundas, bet. Richmond and Clarence. International Hotel — J. Woods, pro- prietor, Dundas, corner Clarence. Hritannia House — T. Loyd, proprietor, corner of Wellington and York. Northern Hotel — R. P. Simmons, pro- prietor, North, east of Richmond. Great Western Hotel — Ed. Thomas, proprietor, Richmond, between Great \Vestern Railroad and Bathurst. In 1(S7;!, there were ninety-two tavern, eight saloon, and thirty- eight store licenses granted. The number was reduced by thirty-eight iu 1874. The City Hotel stands on historic ground. The site was purchased from the Glass family years ago, then occui)ied by Ayers antl others, as I'elated hitherto. In 1845 the great tire destroyed the old brick building, but another brick building was erected late in the forties for J. W. Scott, which was kept by John Mason for many years. The second brick house was also destroyed by fire, and for some years the lot was vacant, until rebuilt for J. W. Scott in 18()5, when the hotel was {jjtened by Bostwick, formerly clerk of the Tecumseh Hotise. In 1866 the house was leased for the officers of the 5;{rd regiment. John 394 niSTOUY OF THE * « Mossip, of the Western, leased the City, and carried it on until the sprinji; of 187-, when Peter McMai'tin became Uissee, and was proprie- tor until his death in 187"). J, & J. McMartin carried on the business in the interest of their mother until Sept. 1, 1878, when they ])ur- chased the building. In 188(», SlO,0()0 were expended on the western extension, and during the last ten years no less than $20,00(1 have been expended by them, transforming the whole house into a new building, so that now only a few rooms of the old building remain in use. The Grigg House was erected in 1870, being comjileted in Sep- tember of that year. It was built by Thomas Tracy, architect. On Se]> tember 20, 1879, Mr. S. Grigg took possession of the house, and has since been the proprietor. The building has sixty rooms, well fitted up, includhig five sam])le rooms. The lievere House, erected in 18G0, was known as Arkell's Hotel until 18()7, when Henry AVilson, then proprietor, gave it its present name. In 1887, J. B. Jennings took possession of the house. Messrs. T. Hayden, ]5arnard, J. McDonald, Mrs. White and Mr. Woodbury Lave been lessees, llobert Arkell, who died in 1882, settled at London thirty years before, and opened the North i\.merican Hotel, on Ridout street. In August, 1887, E. H. Gu.stin purchased the residence of Ur. Lanca.ster, 368 iJundas 3trcot,-aH-d converled it into an hotel. The other hotels of London are the Iloswell Mouse, Hodgins's, "Mc- Farlane's, Clarence, Cousins's, Royal, O'Flalierty's, London, Land's, Eraser's, American, Atlantic, Avcy, Britannia, Butchers' Arms, Carro- thers's, Cass, Canada Pacific R. 11., Cullett, Darley's, Fallahe's, Grant, Hawthorn, Horsni.an's, Homister's, International, Kincaid's, Lewis's, Lilley's, McDonald's, McGill's, Maker's, Martin's, Morton's, Morkin's, Queen's, Richardson's, Albion, Victoria, Westbrook's, Western, Wil- son's, — in all, forty-nine hotels. Banks and Bankers. — In June, 1706, the Upper Canadian Parlia- ment enacted that the British guinea, the Johannes and moidore, of Portugal, the American eagle and dollar, tlie Spanish milled dollar and pistoreen, the French crown, and all French coins, should be legal tender. In 1G89, the first British- American paper money was issued in the Upjier Province by Sir Wm. Phipps on his retreat from (ijuebec. The bills were sup])osed to bo issued to his troops, and ranged in value fi'om two shillings to 200 shillings. During the war of 1812, uriuy bills were issued by Quebec, and made available for circulation in Upper Canada by the act of 1813. In 1819 the Bank of Kingston was chartered, but later, the name "Pretended Baidc of Upjjcr Canada" was applied. In 182."), -lohn Macaulay was one of the three commissioners appointed to wind up the tangled aH'airs of this institution. The Bank of Upper Canada was chartered in 1810-21, and con- tinueill late inl In[ bank, \ HaniillT as Weill TIk years, branch The! tion, of 1 J5ank, \\| The chants charter of tlie fn jiromotei under th( but durii money, tl jiiesent ti reserve fu tion notes on May 'A were .S20,' 12(;,279.(;< lie was su( Duini ; he son being i related by everything liim ahnosl there were of July cai Robinson 1 body, and Colonel wa lai'ge bunci: match to til novel' saw of his coat.' The Bai chartered ii ^221,810. sliaroholders ♦ Other autl COUNTY OF MlDDLEbEX. 395 timiL'd in opevatioii until its fiiilure and tlie settlement of its affairs late in the sixties. In 1839 W, W. Street was clerk, with Henry J. Askin, of this bunk, at London, and Chas. ^X. McCurmick, a<^ent, at Chatham. Jas. Hamilton, still livinp; here, was manager in 1857, and for years before, as well as afterwanls, to its close. The (,'ommercial ]5ank of Canada had a branch here for some years, bcfjinning in the forties, J. G. H.arper was manager of this branch for yeans, and E. .Jones Parke was solicitor. The Gore Bank of Hamilton was another early financial institu- tion, of which W. W. Street, who studied his Inisiness in the Pioneer Bank, was manager, and H. C. K Becher, solicitor. The Bank of Montreal was established in 1817 by leading mier- chants of Montreal, with a capital of £87,500.* The bank had no charter at fir.st, and the original notes bore the words " to be paid out of the funds of the bank and no other" This was done to protect the j)romoters from loss in case of failure. It was incorporated in 1818 under the title of " The Montreal Bank," and saw many vicis.situdes ; but during and immediately afteii-'-hc American civil war it made money, through having uontrofof the New York gold market. At the jac.ieiit time the bank has a jiaid-uji ca])ital of SI -,000,000, with a reserve fund of 80,000,000. At the end of May last it luid in circula- tion notes to the value of §5,184,430. The total liabilities of the bank on May 31 last to depositors, stockholders and for notes in circulation, - were .'i52'.),7 17,087.84, the assets at the same time amounting to S41>,- "-^ iL'C), 279.09. This branch was established by D. Fraser. About 1851 \ ho was succeeded as manager by Mr. Home, who gave way to Mr. Dumi ; he to Mr. Barwick, and he to Mr. Drummond ; \V. .1. Ander- ^ son being the ]n'esent manager Of Mr. Home the following story is related by A. S. Abbott, the veteran city clerk : — '• Col. Home detested everything Yankee, and the sight of the stars and stripes would send him almost into a fit. When the Great Western was being built, there were a lot of American contractors in town. When the Fourth of .Inly came round tliey were having a high old time down at the Robinson Hall. The ( 'olouel was down there, too, damning every- body, and ready t(j fight on the slightest provocation. While the Colonel was getting a drink at the bar, one of the Yankees ])inned a lar^'c bunch of firecrackers to the back of his coat, and then touched a match to them. When they began to go oil', the Colonel got wild. I never saw .so much fun in all my life. The back was all burnt out of his coat." The Bank of British North America was established in IS.'iO and chartered in 1840, with a capital of £1,000,000, and a reserve of £221,810. This is one of the two chartered banks in Canada whose sliai'cholders are not under any double liability, it being governed by ♦ other authorities state this amouut to have been ganO.OOO. 39() niSTOKY OF THE its orifjiiial charter. Shareholders are liable only for the par value of their slock. Its capital stock is still the same, is all paid up, and the bank now has a reserve fund of 81,174,560. Thomas Christian was one of its efirly managers hei'e, and for some years prior and subse- quent to 1857 made the London branch very popular. W. C. Menzies succeeded him, and later James liobertson. He came to (Janada in 186(), and speedily \T)n his way to favor of the bank managers, and, in fact, to all with whom he had to do. He was made Inspector in 1871, went to Hamilton as Manager in 1872, thence to Ottawa to manage the brancli in 1874 ; there he remained until 1878, when he was a])])ointed to the branch at Londcm, a position he filled imtil drow .ed on that terrible Queen's Birthday of 1881, when the present manager, David Cumberland, was appointed. The notes in circulation of this institution at the end of May last amounted to Sl,09O,()71. The liabilities of this ba^ik only come to the moderate .sura of $7,420,72 ; while thetuutl liabilities of the bank amounted to #1 2,4".'9,54."i.2o. On the other hand the assets of the bank come to the large figure of .^20.323,465.44. The present manager is W. F. Harper. The rn!>:i«;;,fn Bank of Commerce was established at Toronto and London in 1864. It is the second baidc in point of wealtli, having a paid-up capital of §6,000,000. The large business done by the local branch, under the management of H. A. NichoLson, who succeeded B. E. Walker, is very apparent, from the fact that the large building fur- merly occupied by tlie Fedeml was i)urchased and occujiied by this institution in the summer of 1888, Imving been purchased for about S25,OnO. Its notes in circulation, according to the last quarterly Government return, amount to $2,117,681, and its total liabilities to depositors, etc., come to $14,083,224.37. To offset this the assets of the bank come up to the handsome sum of $20,6yv), 023.48. O" .T\me 14, 1867, the Council resolved : — "That this Council regard with sat- isftiction that the efforts made in the county and city, in establishing a bank with a local proprietory, have met with success ; and we trust that the Canadian Bank of Commerce will meet with every encour- agement." Molsons Bank began business in 1853 under the Free Banking Act of 1852, and got a charter in 1855, with a capital of $370,000. Its growth has been wonderful, and from a local financial institution it has spread all over the Dominion, now having some nineteen different branches. The paid-up capital of this institution is $2,000,000, and its COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 1,^97 reserve fund $1,408,102. Its liabilities to depositors, note holders and others, on Atay 31 last, were $8,452,681.42, while its assets exceed this by a large sum, amounting in all to Sll,r)71,4G3.0!>. The business of the local branch in London, established in 1870, was under the ex- jierienced management of Joseph Jeffery, who retired in 1887. He was succeeded by M, Heaton. The Bank of Toronto, incorporated in 1855, was established at London in November, 1887, taking over the business of the defunct Bank of London, with VV. 11. Wadsworth, manager. The paid-up capital of the Bank of Toronto is $2,000,000, and its reserve fund $l,:!50,000. The notes of the bank in circulation amount to $087..lo, The Bank of London suspended payment August 10, 18S7. It appears that on that date the Bank of Toronto was to absorb the susjiended concern, but the agreement was not ratified. The nominal cajiital was $1,000,000, but only $212,97:!.08 was subscribed. Henry Taylor, the president, had o,l;!4 shares, on which he paid $35,ir)6.8.S. All shares numbered 10,000, principally taken by Londoners, who lost very heavily, while depositors were more fortunate. As a first result of the suspension, the Bennett Manufacturing Company assigned at once. l)uring this eventful day, the bank president was not to be seen, as prior to this he had left on his vacation tour. On August 24, H. ( ". Nelles was ap])ointed trustee of the Taylor estate. The Fawcett Bank failure was reported September 24, 1884. In Novenibov j.„ large meeting of depositors and other interested parties was held at Watford, when Thomas Fawcett ])resented his report, dealing with the condition of his bank at London and its several branches on October 13; 1884. He pointed out that the liabilities Wfie only $21t),'270.92, of which deposits represented $106,270.02, while the assets amounted to i'?267,228.08, including North-west timber limits, which he valued at $180,000. A committee was appointed to report on the actual facts, and the meeting ended in a storm. In January, 188"), a shortage of $47,000 was discovered in the accounts of the Fawcett Bank estate by the committee's auditors. Books were reported to have been removed or i)urned. At this time Assignee Lucas gave Chairman Graham of the committee joint control of the funds The Federal Bank was opened at London, September 7, 1874. The decision to wind u]) the atJiiirs of the Federal bank was arrived at Feln'uary 2, 1882, for not until 1888 was their elegant building, on the iiortlieast corner of I uidas and Richmond streets, sold to tlie more successful Bank of Commerce. The Farmers and Mechanics' Bank may be said to have been organized in November, 1877. Loan and Tnvcstminif Companies. — The loan and investment companies doing business here in 1887-8 are named as follows : — 398 inSTOUY OF THE Agricultural Savings and Loan Co., organized in May, 1872, with Williaui (llass president in 18S7, and W. A. Lijisey manager. Canadian Savin{,'.s and Loan Co., organized in October, 1875, with James Diirand president in 1887, and H. W. Hlinn manager. Dominion Savings and Investment Society, organized in April, 1872, with Robert Rcid president in 18S7, and F. B. Leys manager. Empire Loan Co., organized April 15, 1881, with F. R. Eccl«s president in 1887, and George Piitchard manager. Huron and Krie Loan and Saving.s Co , organized in 1864, with John W. Little president in 1887, and Robert W. Smylie manager London Loan Co., organized in 1877, with Thomas Kent president in 1887, and Malcolm J. Kent manager. Ontario Investment A.ssociation, organized in May, 1880, with Daniel Mactio president in 1887, and Alfred A. Hooker manager. Ontario Loan and Debenture Co., organized in October, 1870, with Joseph Jellery president in 1887, and William F. BuUcn manager. Royal Standard Loan Co., organized in August, 1877, with C. N. Sjieucer president in 1887, and D. McMillan manager. The total liabilities were $17,074,031, while the siikscribed cajiital was only $'.l,(;80,r)()0. The liabilities of stockholders, $57,560,15(1, and liabilities to the jmblic, !j9.5l;i,SSl. The secured loan assets amounted to S15,532 303, and jjroperty assets to !i?l,54l,7-8. At this time there were fifty-live companies doing business in Ontario uuiier general acts or charters. The assets of the companie^J consist of $79,035,804 in secured loans and $8,051,803 in property. Of loans, the amount secured on real estate of general borrowers is $74,954,070, and $252,- 957 on real estate of directors and otHcers of the companies ; while on shareholders' stock the amount loaned is $852,267, and on stock <>{ officers and directors, $177,405. Loans otherwise secured amount to $2,799,039. The property assets consist principally of five classi's, viz., municipal, school section and loan company debentures to the value of $1,153,105; cash on hand and in banks, $2,201,361; office premises, $751,971 ; real estate foreclosed, $1,091,901, and otiier property, $2,820,033. The aggregate of loan and property assets is $87,087,607. Only two of the fifty-five companies passed their dividends for the year ; and of the fifty-three which declared dividends, one paid 5 per cent., fourteen paid 6, and one paid 6|, twenty-four paid 7, one paid 7A, six paid 8, five paid 10, and one paid 12. The average dividend for all the companies, exclusive of the two non-earning ones, was nearly 7§ per cent, on paid-up capital, or ati aggregate of $2,021,207. The average rate of interest on total amount secured by mortgages in all the companies ranged from 6 to 8 per cent. ; on amount loaned on mortgages in the year, from 6 to 8 per cent. ; on debentures, from 4 33 to 5.44 per cent. ; and on deposits, from 3.16 to 5.28 per cent. The amount of interest paid and accrued on debentures in the year was $1,552,621, and on deposits $685,138. The amount received as inter- est from borrowers is not given separately for all the companies, but the principal and interest .so received was $18,987,927. The amounts receiveiicli company, are almost equal in the aggregates of all the companies — the deposits being $25,28;>,071, and the with- drawals !S2ri,283,441. The amount of debentures issued during the year was S(),'-tj3,8S4, and the amount repaid was S4,:i4(),2!l4. The amount invested and sec\n'ed by mortgage by all the companies is §75,433,882, of which $29,tl'.ll,r)'.)l is on mortgages payable by instal- ments, and §45,742,2'.tl on mortgages payable at stated periods — the estimated cash value of all investments being §84,080,(182. Itap])ears, however, that of the $75,433,882 invested i)y the companies, the large sum of §45,288,518 has been borrowed by them for that purpose. The number of mortgages on which proceedings were taken during the year was 688, and the .amount of such mortgages SI, 410,012. The value of mortgaged pro]jerty held for sale was §2,540,788, and the amount chargeable against such property §2,100,405. The cost of manage- ment for all the companies during the ye.ar was §()85,1)05, being about 2 A per cent, on their ])aid-up ca])ital. The Huron & Erie Loan tfe .Savings Co. was organized in February, 1864. The last annual report shows that of §1,500,000 of subscribed cajntal, §1,100,000 is i)aid uji, and the Huron & P>ie at present has a reserve fund of §437,000. Among the original promoters of the Huron & Erie were the following gentlemen, all of whom will be readily recog- nized for their energy and business acumen : — The late John IMrrell, the late Samuel liarker, .1. G. Mcintosh, Verschoyle Cronyn, Philip Mackenzie, Senator Leonard, and others. Robert W. Smylie is the present manager. The lioard for 1888 comprised the following gentle- men: — President, J. VV. Little; vice-president, Wm. Saunders ; direc- tors, E. Leonard, -L G. Mcintosh, Philip Mackenzie and John Beattie -^ manager, Kobeit W. Smylie ; .solicitfjr, Verschoyle Cronyn ; auditors, George F. Jewell, F. C. A., and T. A. Browne. The Ontario Loan & Debenture (JoTnjiany, with its headquarters at London, is one of the best known in Western Ontario. Its subscribed capital is §2,000,000, of which amount the very large sum of §1,200,- 000 has been paid up. Money is loaned on real estate only ; and, as a consequence, the standing of the Ontario I-oan & Debenture is of the very best. The following gentlemen compose the management : — Joseph Jell'ery, president; John McClary, vice-president; Alexander Jolmston, Wm. Bowman and Wni. McDoiiough, directors ; and W. F, BuUen, manager. The auditors are A. S. Emery and Geo. F. Jewell. The gentlemen above named, who have been long connected with the- institution, are to be congratulated upon placing it on such an enviable- basis. It is to-day one of the wealthiest loan companies in Canada. The Dominion Savings & Investment Co. was organized about 1875, among its i)rinci])al promoters being : — Mr. Strathy, ex-collector of customs. Dr. Cattermole, W. R. Meredith, M. P. P., the late Colin Munro, sherifl' of Elgin, John Elliott, Daniel Macfie, Thomas Beattie, Hermann Waterman, William ' hiffield, and its present manager. Col Leys. The capital stock was xed at §1,000,000, and this was all 4()(» HISTOIJY OF TlIK sul)scril)ed, ami t()-(liiy the lai},'e iinioiint of $",150,000 has beoti paid up. The business of the IJoiuiiiion is strictly confined to Western Ontario, where its funds are all invested in farm and other real prop- erty. The Savings Bank branch of the JJoniinion is also extensively patronized. Such men as Kobert Keid, collector of customs ; Kev. J. Herbert Starr, of Toronto ; N. Keid, of W. J. iieid & Co.; Wni. Bet- tridge, M. 1)., Strathroy ; T. II. Purdom, banister; Hugh Moore, Dun- das ; Duncan Coulson, Toronto ; John Leys, jr., Toronto ; Geo. Boyd, Toronto; .lohn Ferguson, Cha.s. 11. Elliott and ( 'ol. Leys, are on its direct(tmte; while K. .1. I'arke, who was solicitor for the pioneer bank of Lonilon, holds the same oftice in this comj)any. The Canadian Savings and Loan Company was organized in 187">, with a subscribed capital of l?750,O(((t. Among its original jn'onioters were Messrs. James Duratid, John Christie, Colonel Lewis, James Armstrong, M.l'., John VV. Jones, Kobert Fox, and H. W. Blinn, the jnesent manager. The institution, under Mr. Blinn, has had a more than usually jjrosperous career, as the last annual report shows. Of the subscribed capital stock of §750,0(10, some $G8:^,05(i.4;> has been jiaid up. The reserve fund amtmnts to »^1()(),0(I(>, and the contingent fund to §15, 750.83. making the total assets of the Canadian 81,075,- 852.9t), wliile the liabilities to the public only foot up to $817,145.70. The company places its funds in nothing but good Ontario real estate, and, as a consequence, its inve.stments are all of the safest description. The following well-known business men comprise the ])resent manage- ment:— I'residei it, James Durand ; vice-presidents, John Christie and K.Lewis; directors, Kobert Fox, James Armstrong, M. P., John W. . I ones, and H. Becher, Q. C. ; bankers, the Molsons Bank of Canada; .solicitors, Magee, Greenlees & Thomas ; manager, H. W. Blinn ; iii- .s])ector, Kobert Fox. Agricultural Savings atid Loan Company was established with a charter in May, 1872, with J. A. Koe as manager, and K. Tooley, president; John Wright, vice-jn-esident; D. Kegan, Andrew McCor- mick, John Bennett, Kichard Bailey, A. T. Chapman, George Birrell and -lames Owrey, directors. William A. Lip.sey came in as manager of the bank on July 1, 1880, being accountant of the institution lor ten years previous. The sixteenth annual report of the directors made the following very satisfactory showing : — Subscribed capital, S6oO,lH>0; paid-up capital, 55610,585; reserve fund, $88,000; con- tingent fund. 84,509. While the total assets of the company amounted to some $l,580,y(t8.ot), the liabilities to the public only come to $850,- :i8(t.64. The present otticers are: — President, Wm. Glass, sherilV of Middlesex; vice-president, Adam Murray; directors, Lieut.-Col. Jas. Moll'at, i^ondou ; Daniel Kegan, merchant, London ; Thos. j\IcCor- mick, manufacturer, London ; Donald Mackay, merchant, Toronto ; .1. W. Little, merchant, London; with Kichard Bayly, Q. C, solicitor. The London Loan Company of C!anada has now been doing busi- uess in Loudon since 1877, and under the management of M, J. Kent LONDON MEDICAL SCHOOL. llilS pnm Hut( iM. J •[. K tioii, table Vears. W7.. 1878.. 1S79. 18.80.. 1881.. I«82.. 1883.. 1884.. 1885.. 1888.. 1887.., Til steady arnouii eiit ofl tlirecto It. \y. with (; Th( 1877. paid u inaiiaf^e and Jo: Joliii J( and H. Tlie coni])an F. E. E( Tlie wrecked the dire the a.s,sel of.'?724,: h!in,self J Taylor, t reliably < Insu I'iinies m life plan; ^> accidei dei.o.sits 1 2G COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. 403 has exj)erienced a large degree of ))ro3perity. Among its original jmiinoters were : — Thos. Kent, Janies (Jvvrey, (I. 1). Sutlicrland, C'has. Hutchinson, Dr. Nelles, Andrew Weldon, and the present manager, M. J. Kent. In fact, the ])resident, Thos. Kent, and the manager, M. .1. Kent, liave remainc^d at the liead of the institution since its incep- tion, and their capable supervision is best shown by the following table :— BepoHitg and Warn. Loans. Debentures. Keservo. 1S77 $ 19!»,1).';2 « M.aHl Jl.l.riit 6.'-) 187S 3!il,124 94,!mit 18,r>00 34 1879 3.11,567 111,807 20,463 6« 1880 .'■.80,438 237,424 21,185 64 1881 840,340 361,078 43,547 67 1H82 7n.-).220 278,153 45.565 09 18S3 740,605 238,724 47,535 02 1884 856,131 291543 47,535 02 1S85 1,119,248 561,765 60,000 00 1886 l,3r.5,810 684,711 53,000 00 1887 1,272,158 567,227 56,703 57 T\\h table shows that the jirogress of the institution has been steadv iind certain. At present its reserve and contingent funds uniount to 366,703 57, and its total as.sets to $1,276,1'.)3.91. The pres- (iut oflicers are : — President, Thomas Kent ; vice-president, .las. Owrey ; directors, Thomas McCormick, G. U. Sutherland, J. A. Nelles, M. 13., K. W. Pviddicombe and Andrew Weldon ; manager, Malcolm J. Kent ; with (Jibbons, McNab & ]\I\ilkern, solicitor. The Poyal Standard Loan Company was organized in August, 1877. The ca])ital stock being 81,000,000, of which some $240,000 is jtiiid up. C. N. S])ence is the president, and Donald McMillan manager. The other officers are named as follows : — W. H. Ferguson and Joshua Jackson, first and second vice-presidents ; B. E. Sifton, John Johnson, John Tampon, L. McDonald, R. Rich, James Cameron and II. Becher, directors. The Empire Loan Company completes the list of local financial conqianies. It was organized A])ril 15, 1881. Of this institution, Dr. ¥. 11. Eccles is the president, and George Pritchard, the manager. The Ontario Investment Association was found to be totally wrecked in October, 1887, when the shareholders assembled to hear the directors' report. The liabilities were ])laced at Sl,8l(»,50r), and the as.sets at Sl,835,2'.'2, — the balance, S18,788, was all that remained of $724,247. '.'G paid-up capital. Charles Murray, the manager, loaned hunselt .'^lUi,:i73, all of which was lost exce]pt about 830,000. Henry Taylor, the president, had S-'>8'.>,(IOO, Init the auditors could not report reliably on the disposition of this sum. Insurance Comjmnies. — At the present time there are 83 com- ]iaiiies under the supervision of the office, 42 doing business on the life jilan ; 4, a,ssessment ; ;>2, fire ; 7, inland marine ; 4, ocean marine ; S, accident; 3, guarantee; 1, steam boiler; and 4, plate glass. The deposits for the protection of policy-holders, held by the Keceiver- 26 404 HISTORY OF THE (Jemjiiil in trust for these compaiiic^s at the Idth of July, 18SH, ainouutcil to ?1. '5,073,477. -*' ill securities; and there was also depositeil with Canadian trustees, in conformity with thi^ Act, Sii70,(i'.t'.t, making' a tola! of ^14,:;44,174,an increase since lust repoil of 5? 1,8(1(1,:!'.) I. Tlie li.lal amount of ))reniiunis received for all forms of insurance wiisS*! L',1 77,14:1, of which ?4,(l(l."»,tj('i4 was received by Canadian comiianies ; §4,('i;i:i,7(H) I'ritish do.; and ?U,'.i:>7,77<' American do. The iiolicics in lorcc niiin- ber : — Canadian companies, '>[),H2'.'>; British do., 13.S;{S; American do, ;i4,440. The avera<;e amount of a policy is : — Canadian, !#1,0'.)8; IJritisli, $L',U3r) ; American, ^1,7(18. The total amount of polices is : -Cana- dian com])anies, ^lOl.SC.O.lOO ; British, !?28,l(i:;,:!L".i ; American, g!(;0,878,MG7 ; total, SlllO,ti07,7'.lG. The death rate amon 1878 40,167 6.\35S 1879 40,932 67,(100 1880 40,,S93 M,0:!1 1881 1882 1883 1S84 1885 1886 39,706 75.102 39,899 78.1t2i> 39,710 60,7,W 40,009 70,211 41,011 76,14S 42,980 78,557 1887 41,219 83,.S68 The amount of property insured aggregates $43,413,717. The officers for 1888 are : — James Grant, J. P., (treasurer of London town- ship) president; Daniel Black, vice-president; W. It. Vining, treas- urer; C. G. Cody, fire inspector; J. B. Vining, accountant; Messrs, COUNTV OV MlKliI.KSKX. 4(»r» Miiciiiilliui 1111(1 ('iiniri'oii, solicitors; F. St. (J. Tiioiiipsnii, assistant st'i'itiliiry ; 1». C Macdoiuiltl, scciotiiry aiitl iuaMai,'t.'r ; Aii^'iis Campliell, Daniul Black, .I(>so]iii II. Maisliall, M. 1'., .lames Anustroii^', M. P., Tlioiiias ('. Hewitt, Thomas K. IJolisoii, John l[o(lj,'sun, .lames Arm- stront;, of Union ; .lames (Jiant, of .\rva, direetor.s. The (_)ntai'io Mntiial is the .second oldest local institntion of the kind in London, having commenced business in ISilT, with Samuel McMridc, ja'csident, ami .Fames .lohn.son, .secretary and treasurer; therefore, this year it celebrates its majority. Kver since tht; iniH'ption of the (Jntario Mutual, its business has steadily increased, and ntiver more rajiidly than during; the jiast two or three yearn. A.s an instanco of thi.s, the last annual report issued in .Fanuiuy, ISSS, .show.s that in 1SS7 the number of )lolicit^s i.ssued was l.liTl, ayainst 1,424 for 1.SS7, an increiLso of L'-i? policies, rejirosentinj,' i514."),('».')(>. The total number of jiolicies in force at the .same time was 4,;)47, insurini^ property to the lar<,'e amount of §2,SS7,.")yO. The comjiany do busim^.ss on two systems, the jiremium note plan, and llu; cash system. They are both j^ood and (Mpially jKipular. Althouj,'h the season of 18S7 was very dry and hanl on all comjiauies, the los.ses of the Ontario Mutual were only slij^htly over §14,000, and were all prom])tly met. This comjiany owes its ])rosperity to the capable men who have hold of it. The director.^ for 1888 are : — A, McCormick, president ; -las. Egan, vice-president; Robert Smith, Thos. II, Tracy, V>. W. Greer, and Chas. Taylor. 1*. V. Boyle is the energetic manager, and he has aided the directors very materially in making the Ontario Mutual as pn-perous as it is. Its business is not confined to London, but extends all over the Province. The total los,ses ])aid since 1867 amount to SI lG,(J3(i.47. The London Life Insurance Company was incor|)orated in 1874 under an act of the Legislature of Ontario. Some of the best business men, as well as the wealthiest residents, were at its back. It was re- incorporated in 1885 by special act of the Parliament of ( 'anada. The authorized capital is S 1,000,000, of which S-'^.'t.OOO has been sub- scribed for and S.')3,t)uO paid up in cash. In addition to the most approved forms of life and endowment policies issued by this company during the past fourteen years, industrial insurance has also been in- troduced, whereby every healthy member of a family from one to sixty- five years of age may be insured. The premiums are collected weekly at the homes of the members, five cents per week and upwards being acc(!i)ted at any of the above ages. The manager, .1. (1. llichter, is experienced in the business. Its stockholders are among the most successful business men of the city, the present Hoard of Directors Iwing : — ,K)seph Jellery, president; John McClary, vice-president; William Bowman, George C. Gibbon.s, Arthur S. Emery, Thomas H. Smallman, William F. Bullen, George M. Harrison, Sheriff Glass and Judge Bell. The Huron & Middlesex Mutual Fire Insurance Company, in ex- istence about ten years, has had a most prosperous career. The last 400 HISTORY OF THE aunucil re{)ort shows that during 1887 some 1,2G4 policies were issued, insuring' property to the amount of nearly 81,000,000, while the total number of i)olicies in force is 2,782, coverinjr projierty valued at S2,044,242. The amount paid out for losses during 1887 was only $l;{,04r).72, and the assets increased from Sr)4,187.03 to $72,2Gi».24, showing a very satisfactory advance of 818,082.21. The present Eoanl is an unusually good one, consisting of Messrs. L (,'. Leonard, London ; K. S. Murray, London ; Henry Johnston, London West; D. M. Cani- eroa, exM. P., Strathroy ; Jas. McKenzie, Union ; Richard Shoults, J. P., Parkhill ; Geo. Samwell, J. P, E.\eter; G. I. Walker, Aylmer; Eichard Southam, London. The officers of the company are : — Messrs. L. C. Leo'i.ird, president and treasurer ; D. M. Cameron, ex-^I. P., vice-president ; John SLephenson, secretary and manager ; W. W. Fitz- gerald, solicitor; W. Spittal, accountant, London ; W. S. Jackson, Dut- ton, and F. Harley, London, general agents ; bankers, Bank of P>riti.sh North Americji. The Huron & Middlesex Mutual Fire Insurance Co. is prepared to take risks on all kinds of manufacturing, commercial, private and farm property. The City Mutual Fire Insurance Company is the youngest local company. In 1865, when the joint stock companies throughout this country formed a coml)ine, this company was formed to combat the combine, and it did so very successfully. The Loudon Mutual did not take commercial risks, and many of those most largely inter- ested in that company heartily took hold of the new scheme, and as a result in June, 1886, the City Mutual was launched. The annual statement is.^ue'^ in January last, when the City Mutual was just a year and a half oW, showed that then the risks covered by the com- pany amounted to 87'.I7,605. The assets were S38,."i.S2.9r), of which 810,000 in cash was deposited with the treasurer of Ontario, as security for insurers. In fact, this company has met with unprecedented success. The ofticers for this year consist of Mayor Cowan, of London, president; James Armstrong, M. P. for South Middlesex, vice-presi- dent; W. P. Vining, treasurer; Aid. J. B. Vining, secretary, and G. A. Black' took, special adjuster and inspector of agencies. The London Masonic Mutual Benefit Association was organized December 27 1870, and incorporated March 2, 1874, with llev. Mr. Innes, presiue ^t, and H. A. Baxter, secretary. The directoi's were Robert Lewis, vice-jiresident; Hermann Waterman, G S. Birrell, C. A. Sippi, Thomas Beattie, M. D. Dawson and Isaac Waterman. The membershiji in 1872 was 1,740, decreased to 1,447 in 1882, and to 1,135 in 1887. The total amount paid up to July, 1888, is 8474,- 799.7."), while the reserve fund is 8ii5,000. Robert Lewis is ]>resi(leiit, and Andrew Ellis, secretary, vice Baxter, who dietl in July. 188S. Among the directors are M. D. Dawson, J. D. Sharman, Thos. Brock, John S. Dewar and J. B. Smyth. When the ( Jamerons first published the Advertli^er, there were only four agencies in the city, and only two of the gentlemen of a (luavtor COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 407 of a century ago are still in business here. They are, F. B. Beddome and A. G. Smyth. The foiiner is probably the oldest insurance man in London, having taken the agency for the Western Insurance Com- jiany about 1851, and retained it ever since. The late J. C. Meredith, at that time, al.so had the Pluenix Company. The London Mutual had some agents residing here in 1861^ and doing work in the coimty. Among them were Messrs. Leslie Johnston, George and W. T. Kiley, now controlling, to a great extent, the Toronto Street Ilailway, and Wm. Moore, of the Customs Department. Tlie agents to-day in London are as follows : — Eobert Waddell, Scottish Union and National, of Ireland. Bed- dome & l'>rown, Connecticut, of Hartford ; Northern Fire and Life ; Norwich Union, of England ; Royal, of England ; Western Assurance Company. G. M. Gunn & Sons, .^tna ; British American ; Hiirtford, of Hartford ; Im])erial, of London ; London Assurance Comjiany ; Plicenix, of Brooklyn. Hammond & Gillean, North British and Mer- cantile ; Caledonian ; Phrenix, of England ; Hand in Hand. John Bur- nett, Royal Canadian ; Ontario Mutual. J. A. Nellcs, City of London ; Fire Insurance Association ; Glasgow and London ; Lancashire and Manchester. David Smith, Citizens'; London and Lancashire. T. R. Parker, Commercial Union ; Queen. R. Butler & Son, Gore District ; Mercantile ; Northern ; Perth ; Waterloo. E. J. McRoberts, Agricul- tural Fire Assurance Com])any, of Watertown, N. Y. ; Economical Mutual, of Berlin ; Hand in Hand ; Perth Mutual; Quebec, of Quebec, — all fire companies. R. Butler & Sons, Citizens' ; Federal. David Smith, Citizens', of Canada. J. Frith Jeifers, British Empire Mutual Life Assurance Com- pany, of London, England. T. R. Parker, Commercial Union ; (^ueen. Beddome & Brown, Mutual, of New York. E. J. ^IcRoberts, North- western Masonic Aid Association. G. M. Gunn & Son, Travelers', of Hartford. John Burnett, Ontario Mutual, of ^Vaterloo. Hammond & Gillean, Standard. J. A. Nelles, Sun. C. E. German, Ontario Mutual, of Waterloo, — all life insurance companies. G. M. Gunn & Son, Accident, of North America; Travelers', Hart- ford. E. De la Hook, Accident, of North America. R. Butler & Son, Citizens'. Hammond & Gillean, Citizens'; London Guarantee and Accident Company. David Smith, Citizens', of Canada. Beddome & Brown, Mutual, J. A. Nelles, Sun Life, — all accident companies. G. M. Gunn & Son, Guarantee Company, of North America. Hammond & Gillean, London Guarantee and Accident Company, — guarantee companies. J. A. Nelles, British and Foreign. G. M. Gunn & Son, British and Foreign, of Liverpool. T. R. Parker, Commercial Union, — marine insurance. J. A. Nelles, Dominion. E. J. McRoberts, Hand in Hand. G. M. Gunn & Son, Lloyd, — plate glass insurance. There are also in the city a number of benefit associations open to 408 HISTORY OF THE particular classes. There is the London Masonic Mutual Benefit As- sociation ; the Western Travelers' Mutual Benefit Society, and the Catholic Mutual lienevolent Association. The Foresters, Order of Chosen Friends, T\ nights of Pythias, Scottish Clans, National Union, United Workmen, and lloyal Arcanum, — all have benefits attached. Miscellaneous Paragraphs. — Among the items intended to be incorporated in one or other of the subjects into which the history of London is divided, a few did not obtain the proper jjlace, and for this reason they are given here. John McLaughlin was a shoemaker at London in 18o6-7. John Smith was charged in January, 1837, with breaking into the shop of John Thilpot Curran in London. John Talljot and William Farier were bondsmen for Smith. In 1845, James Farley applied for permission to use part of North street, adjoining the churchyard, for a brickyard, but wns denied. Michael Segar, who operated a line of stages between London and Port Stanley, in connection with steamboats at that ]>ort, was also owner of mail routes here. The trade of the Port of London in 1855 was represented by £232,552, imywrts, and £77,1>73, exports. The respective figures for 185G were f 2'.»3,;t98 and £75,437. The telegraph line from London to Sarnia was completed, and the first message received, in August, 1859. In July, 18G8, W. H. Boullie and Donald Mcintosh, drug clerks, of London, were killed near Thamesville depot, while en route home from Detroit, Mich. John Norsworthy was killed in J. & 0. McClary's factory, York street, December 12, 1808. A female mute, aged ten years, resided witli Charles Scln'ier, a German laborer, (on Talbot street, three doors from the north-east corner of P'ullarton,) in April, 1869. She was almost fleshless since her birth. The flouring mill erected by Elijah Leonard in 18()!l, adjoined his foundry on the west side. In March, 1869, a New York man, named Pratchey, rented the tannery in Petersville from Dr. Anderson for the purpose of a glue factory. The arrests made in London in 1872 numbered 1,092. The religious demoninations accredited to the prisoners stand as follows : — 500 pro- fessed to belong to the E])iscopal Church ; 279 to the Eoinan Catholic faith; 114 to the various sects of Methodism ; 95 to the Presbyterian and Scotch Church ; 18 to the Baptist, and 80 did not profess to worship God at all. Charles Chapman, a dentist, who had an office over Conover's store, in the Hiscox Block, committed suicide June 13, 1872. '\\'aut and despair urged him to this deed ; for although equal to anyone in liis profession, he could not obtai.. work here without holding a Canadian license. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 409 In January, 1873, a colored man, Jasper Williams, escaped from his house while sutteriiig from small-pox. He was found frozen to death within the Palace groimds. In 1874 there were 1,385 arrests in London, 201 of which were female cul prits. One male and one female were accused of murder ; eighty-four males and eighteen females of being drunk and disorderly, and 293 males and seven females of being drunk. Of the persons aiTe.sted 329 were English, 326 Irish, 189 Scotch; 299 Canadians, 198 Americans, and forty-four of other countries. In August, 1876, a child of S. A. Eakins drank some water off a fly-poison plat«, and died that evening. In October, 1879, Charles L. Lancaster, of the Merchants Bank, London, was arrested on tlie charge of embezzling 81 ,000 on March 29. The murder of Frank L. Gundlack, of the Dominion Reporting and Collecting Agency, was perpetrated by Wra. Drought, at the Grigg House, at midnight on Oct. 22, 1879. Henry Fysh was appointed jailer for the County of Middlesex in 1880, and died a few years later. Eobert Arkell's brewery was destroyed by fire two years before his death in 1882. In August, 1882, Patrick Higgins, of Woodstock, was drowned in the Thames at London. Loudon and St. Thomas were connected by telephone, Nov. 18, 1888. A boy, named Albert Brooks, was drowned near Westminster Bridge, in April, 1885. The Granite Block, on the north side of York, just east of Rich- mond, was completed in 1887 for Charles W. Audrus. The four wholesale firms, A. M. Smith & Co., R. C. Macfie & Co., Bowman, Kennedy & Co., and Sterling Brothers, were the first tenants. In November, 1887, a coal stove in Rev. John Linwood's house, on ^laitland street, exploded. Some persons attributed the explosion to guii])owder, rather than to gas, and as a result, Liuwood left the city. He was an exhorter in the Baptist Church of London East, and also earnest in Methodist work during the Hunter-Cros.sley meetings. ( '. I). Shaw, who settled at London in ante-rail days, and built up the largest hardware trade in Canada, died in January, 1888. London East, now a part of London (,'ity, dates back to 1851, when Murray Anderson purchased a lot in the forest, near Noble F, English's log-house. In 1854, Squire Anderson built the large brick residence he now lives in, as he then imagined, away out in the coun- try, never dreaming anything in the shape of a city could ever reach him where he was. At that time there were only about four houses in London East, viz. : — N. F. English, M. Anderson, Samuel Park, ex- jailer, J. Warwick and A. Lsaacs. Shortly afterward, John AUaster and family, J. Leonard, hotel, J. Sheppard, Richard Gould, and a few others, all of whom might be termed the pioneers of London East, 410 fflSTORY OF THE moved in, invested in lots and put up buildings. Murray Anderson moved into his new house — the first brick house, not only in London East, but the first brick east of Burwell street — in 1855. At that time, 1855, there was no business whatever transacted in London East ; not even so much as a tavern or blacksmith shop to be seen, and the settlers would scarcely number a tlozen. Leonard's Hotel was opened the followiiio year. In 1856, Murray Anderson built a large frame foundry on the city side of Adelaide street, which gave steady employment to about one hundred men for a number of years, until he sold the property to Mr. Crawford, who, some years after, took down the old frame, and erected in lieu thereof a large brick foundry, to which the company, now known as the Globe Works, made in 1881 a considerable addition. This foundry, although standing immediately without the borders, has always been looked upon as a London East institution. In fact, it was the means of starting London East, and only for it and some industries which followed shortly after, London East would never have been a separate corporation, or indeed a section of any importance whatever. In 1804, the population of London East was about 500. During that year, W. Bailey, sr., and Messrs, Duffield Bros, started oil refineries on the Hamilton Rct.id. Their commencement was small, but the business increased so raj)idly as to draw the attention of other capitalists to the place, and in 18(i6, nearly fifty acres were covered with refineries, among the more prominent of whom were, Bailey, Duffield & Co., Spencer & Waterman, Stedwell & Co., L. C. Leonard, Burns & Co., and many others. The population of the suburb in 1866 was estimated at 1000. Between 1866 and 1872, London East more than doubled its popu- lation. During these three years, such mammoth industries as tlie Ontario Car Works, giving employment to from three to four hundred hands ; the Great Western Car Works, giving employment to a similar number; Fitzgerald's oil refinery, A. M. Ross's refinery, and the Victor Oil Works, and immense cooper shops, were established. The population about this time was estimated at 2,000 ; but still, owing to the scattered appearance of the place and low taxes, not the first whisper was heard in reference to incorporation, and allairs went on prosperously and harmoniously till 1874, when it seemed to strike the London Easters all at once that they should be incorporated, and a public meeting was called in the Adelaide street school-house. Among those present were Messrs. A. M. Boss, Isaac Waterman, M. Anderson, J. Carlin, Charles Lilley, J. Effner, R. Gough, A. Isaac, J. W. Bartlett, W. Goidd, T. W. Standfield, J. McMichael, Peter Allaster, John Allaster, and about one hundred and fifty others. The chair was occupied by M. Anderson, and the meeting appointed Messrs. Carlin and Etl'ner to take the census, which stroke of business they accom- plished in a very prompt and efficient manner, so much so, that within a week they reported on the 500 acres no fewc ban 2,500 souls. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 411 Londiin East was incorporated, on motion of W. D. Hammond, seconded by John W. Campbell, on J>nie 5, 1874. Abram Effner was appointed returninfj officer; Messrs. Etl'ner and Carlin were the census enumerators, lleuben Short and 204 others petitioned for the act. On the 1st of January, 187"), the first election took place, which resulted in A. M. Itoss being elected by acclamation as reeve, Peter Allaster, first deputy, and Isaac Waterman, R. Gough and J. H. McMechan, councilmen ; A. Isaac, clerk ; J. D. Smith, treasurer. This year the street car track was extended into the village. In June, 1H82, the by-law empowering the Council of London East to expend $40,000 on the construction of water works, was carried by a vote of 1G7 for and 11 against. Up to ISd;") the greater portion of the business was confined to the Hamilton Road, part of London East, but from that date the current of trade began to set in rapidly in the direction of Dundas street. This was more noticeable when Chas. Lilley, the reeve of 1881, built up a number of stores near the corner of Dundas and Adelaide streets. Shortly after, Murray Anderson erected a splendid block of buildings, containing five handsome stores, known as Anderson Block. Messrs. Sanborn, Legg and Hicks followed the example set, by erecting large brick blocks. These, together with a number of other stores, indus- tries, &c., created a large trade for Dundas street The name of Lilley's Corners was changed to London East, Dec. 23, 1876. The agi'eement between the county and city provided for the payment by the city of S7,800 to the county, as the debt of London East on its annexation to the city that year. The first school — an old log affair, 12 x2(), two windows and a stove pipe — was erected amid much rejoicing, on the Gore Road, about the year 1848. The second school is the present low frame Ijuilding on Adelaide street. It was built in 1800. Speaking of the schools in 1881, one of the old settlers says : — "This school is supposed to have turned out more scholars to the square foot than any seminary of its size in the County of Middlesex, or the city either. Mr. -las. Park was the first teacher in London East. (The old log school house re- ferred to being outside the limits.) He commenced in 18G0, and such was the fame of this school, that in 1808 there were over two hundred names on the register, many of the scholars hailing from the city. With the aid of monitors, he handled the host single-handed ; and such was the size of the school, that Mr. Crowell Wilson hesitated paying over the Government money till the Inspector came forward to vouch for the figures. ]\Ir. James Park is a graduate of Dublin University. After teaching in London East for nearly four years, he left for Chat- ham, where he was appointed Principal of the King Street School. Although nearly seventy years old, he is a hale and hearty old gentle- man, and able for duty another ten years or more. At present he is visiting his old friends and scholars in London East, where he is spend- ing his holiday. The next is the Rectory, or Park Street School, a 412 HISTOUY OF THE peculiarly arranged brick building, which, at a cost of about $4,000, was erected about 1870. The Anderson School, situated on Timothy street, a fine, two-story edifice, brick, four large rooms, was built in 187"), at a cost of about $7,000, The Central School marks an era in the educational annals of London East. It was commenced last June, and will be ready for the scholars next week. This splendid building has already been fidly described in the Advertiser. It contains six large rooms capable of seating 350 children. Its total cost will be about $12,000. For school accommodation, London East is .second to no town in Ontario. The present Principal of the London East Schools is Mr. W. D. Eckert, who has fulfilled his duties so ably dur- ing the last ten years, that the trustees have once again secured his services, and now is about to enter on his eleventh year. When Mr. Eckert commenced in 1871, ten years ago, he had but one school house (Adelaide street), three assistant teachers and 2r)0 scholars. In 1881, or rather the beginning of 1882, finds him at the head of four large schools, containing 1,150 scholars, and presided over by himself and twelve competent teachers." The first church in London East was built by the Canada Metho- dist body in 1860, who afterwards sold it to the Church of England, who subsequently di.sposed of it to the Baptists, who now own it. It is a fine, large, frame structure, corner of Adelaide and King. St. Luke's (Church of England) was the second sacred edifice built, about 1870. Since then all the denominations are well represented in London East in the matter of churches. London East Methodist Church of Canada was established in 1877 with thirty-nine members. John K. Keppel was first preacher, suc- ceeded by Thos. B. Leith, who served from 1878 to 1880; George Daniel, 1881-2, with J. H. Keppel superannuated; li. W. Williams, 188;!; Thomas Cosford, 1884. The statistics of London City for 1888 are as follows : — m WAKDS. c « a p. (2 Real propertj'. No. 1 4,526 5,020 6,301 6,027 5,086 $ 3,029,600 No. 2 No. 3 2,957,450 1,167,427 No. 4 1,914,015 1,253,725 No. 5 Totals 126,960 $10,322,217 t — 4> S a, S o C u « 01 s o « u 3.S a 880,350$ 522,(I50| 201,100 17,650 117.900 $1,745,050 443,475 454,780 47,070 48,890 10,656 o rt ci O *- <8 H $ 4,3.59,425 3,934,280 1,915,.597 1,980,555 1,382,275 $1,004,86.1 $13,572,132 •S'S li B « O M U j~796i 400i 404 242! 220i tac o O 122 197 244 313 207 $2,06211,083 The population of London South and London West may be placed at 6,500, thus bringing the total number of inhabitants in the three Loudons up to 33,460. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 413 CHAPTER XIV. STKATHROY. The location of the town, near the beautiful spots in the wilderness which the pioneers of Adelaide selected in 1832 for their homes, is excellent. When the pioneer looked into the valley of Bear Creek at this point and determined to build a village there, the river was a large stream, clear and swift. He looked beyond it, and fancied the hill covered by the homes of wealthy residents, with flower gardens, shel- tered by groves, stretching from porticoed buildings down to the river bank. The pioneer dream has been practically fulfilled, for, omitting the swift, clear river and the luxurious porticoes of the dreamer, the location is all that he pictured it would be sixty-six years ago. The town is handsomely laid out, and with manufacturing establishments, well-kept and well- stocked business houses, comfortable homes and a thrifty population, presents a picttire of what a mixed Canadian, Irish, English and Scotch people may accomplish in a brief space of time. Its place in the midst of a rich agricultural country has, in conjunc- tion with citizen enterprise, built up the town, which now boasts of a number of churches and schools and two excellent newspapers, quite in keeping with the character of its people. Early in 1832, John Stewart Buchanan had a clearing made on lot 25, ;>rd concession of Adelaide. In 1834 he erected a small saw-miU where the Piucombe grist-mill now stands, and close by his residence, a small shanty. In 183(5 he added a grist-mill. In 1840, there gathered round this little mamifacturing town a band of fourteen pio- neers, and that year Hiram Dell opened the first store here. Patrick Hoban was man-of-all-work round the two mills ; but later, a man named Wells shared that position. For eight years Mr. Dell mon- opolized the trade of Strathroy and vicinity. In 1848 a second general store, tavern, blacksmith shop, and a shoe sho]) were opened, ar I in that year or the following one, Mr, Iveefer opened his store, so that the beginnings of the present town are credited to Messrs. Buchanan, Dell, Page, Frank, and Keefer. In 1879, Judge Hughes, of St. Thomas, speaking of olden times, related the following anecdote of a traveller who set out from London to Strathroy a quarter of a century before : — "The day was very cold, and after driving for a long time the man pulled up at a pump. Another man came out of a house and said : — ' Won't you come in and warm ? * ' No,' said the traveller ; ' I'm going to Strathroy ! ' ' Why,' said the resident, ' you are at Strathroy, now ! ' " In the winter of 1840, Mr. Dell moved into Strathroy, which then numbered fourteen inhabitants all told. He states that he sold one 414 HISTORY OF THE huiulreil acres in Krooke Towiishij) for SlOO, and with tliis caiiital ho detoriniiRHl to start storekooiiiiij,'. The story, as toiil by himself, is substantially as follows : — " I turned out some stock and some cash and built me a house, and when I bought my first goods, I had only $40 in money, and I ran in debt $l.'>. I could have carried all my goods on my back, exce]it one barrel of salt. The neighlwrs were greatly pleased to tliiuk thoy were getting a store here. After I got opened out, I think T took $1 in cash the first day, for some sugar ; the next day I did something better, as it was getting nearer Christmas, and the next day still a little more. I sold cheaper than Mr. Brennan did at Katesville. Then, pe()])le coming to the mills were almost sure to buy something. I fixed up a room with two beds, and kept a kind of entertainment. I also built a small barn, and liad a yard to ])Ut oxen in. After a while I got more; goods and a barrel of whisky, and I found out that the whisky brought me more custom, as nearly everybody liked a drop, especially in cold weather. In the spring of 1841, Mr. Wells and myself took both mills on shares ; we got one-half of what the grist-mill made and one-quarter of what the saw-mill maile. I would generally go to London after goods, leaving my wife to attend store. When winter came, I had considerably more goods than at the beginning. I could buy $30(1 or S40() worth at a time, and thought I was doing a noble business when I would take in $100 in a month." In 1S4((, Cook and Keefer bought liuchanan's interests in the mills. De (iraw btiilt a small dwelling and store, and opened a grocery, which, not paying, he abandoned. Hiram Dell's brother erected a house for tavern purposes, and then appeared the blacksmith, shoemaker and carpenter. Two years later the Page store was opened. It was time now to look for postal facilities, and accordingly a petition was mailed ; but, it is said, that Mr. Brown, the postmaster at the competing city of Katesville, never forwarded the document. Another petition was mailed at Adelaide, of which nothing was heard; but a third jietition mailed at Delaware won recognition, and Cook was appointed post- master at Strathroy. Mr. Brown, of Katesville, was so irritated at this recognition of the growing settlement, he resigned. A Mr. Fulton took his place, and held the Katesville office during his life. Mc- Clatchey succeeded him ; but on his death the ottice was abolished. Hugh McCoU, the present postmaster of Strathroy, has held the office many years, his administration being considered very satisfactory. In April, 18S8, the letters of Dr. W. F. lloome, recommending the building of a post-office and custom-house at Strathroy, was presented to Parliament. In December, 1851, a traveller, writing on the village of that period, says : — " There is a grist-mill, with two run of stone, and a saw mill, owned by Timothy Cook ; a steam carding rass extended westward, when Hayden's boot and shoe store was ejected near where D. M. Cameron's boot and shoe store now stands. Kichard Duinbrill's general stort; was soon established close by. On the ojjposittj side Orchard built his drug store, and Hayden built a store just west of the Medical Hall, in wliicli W. H. Murray now is, Napper A. Johnston, the Mansion House (where the Queen's Hotel now is), operated by Isaac Moore, and .). Lenfestey's general ore, where is now Grest's hardware store. All these buildings from the corner of Frank and Front streets on the south side, were destroyed in 1807. The fire department saved that part of the town east of Orchard's Medical Hall, while a pail brigade saved the town west of Frank strcset. C. H. Mcintosh, of Ottawa, speaking of a visit to Strathroy in 18(12, as reporter for the London Free Presn. says : — " At that time the population must have been about 950, and the lumber business was very active." Joseph Wilson was then {)ushing a large business for Quebec firms, and the lloches, I'attons and others from Quebec were prominent. Couse's Hotel, afterwards kept by Isaac Moore, stood where the Queen's Hotel now is. Then there was old Donald Itobert- son in the Commercial, and William Long in the Exchange shortly after, and then came George Prangley with his fine building opposite the market. Speaking of his settlement at Strathroy in April, 1865, he says : — " Dr. McKcjllar, Alex. Kobbs, J. D. Dewan, llichard Pin- combe, Johnston and Vansladden, Colin Scatcherd, Charles Chapman, John Frank, D. liobertson, James English, the station-master. Colonel English, Colonel Johnston and others, induced me to come to Strathroy in April, 1865. I bought the old Home Guard, and changed the name- to the Dispatch. Our office was in the top flat of a little frame build- ing where Pearce & Policy's brick store was erected. At that time all the stumps were not yet removed from Frank street, and in wet weather mud was a foot thick. In 1862 the Blackburns, of the Free Press, purchased a lot of land from Moodie, and I came out to see it. I wrote several articles eulogistic of Strathroy, and in 1863 got a public dinner, in 1865 a newspaper, and in 1868 a wife. The dinner and the wife were all right ; but the newspaper kept me pretty busy until 1873, when I went to Chicago to study the protection question, and became managing editor of the Journal of Commerce, but in Novem- ber, 1873, returned to Canada." During the year 1871 a sum of S120,000 was expended on build- ings at Strathroy. George W. Eoss and Wm. Murdock erected two brick stores (.f 5,000) on Front street, on the Hayden property, part of which they purchased after the destruction of Cameron & Son's house in February ; Alexander Johnston's three-story building on south side of Front street, just west of Frank, costing $2,800, with T. Crispin's store adjoining, which cost $2,500 ; James Parker's two story building, opposite the Mansion House, cost $2,500 ; Hugh McColl had the Age 418 HISTOHV OK THE office, on Front and Ciinidoc streets, erected iit a cost ofS2,()00; Jacson & Vary, addition to foundry ; tlie Arcade l)locl< was completed including the Ar;,'yle Hot'd, ojHMied in .Fuly by Culten, and five store rooms ; IVarce & I'olley extended their store ; Cameron it Son (extend- ed their shop ; Pran^'ley bnilt a large addition to his hotel ; Dr. Mc- Lanai build a small store near the depot, and John Campbell a two-story frame store and dwellinj^ chjse by ; .loseph Wilson bnilt an oflice on Market and Frank streets for Wm. liapley's <,'rain business ; Wm. Kapley'.s residence was completed at a cost of S5,()()0, and one by das. Mason at the same cost ; Tooth's residence, an addition to Alex, Fraser's, !S(piarc's and Trotman's hou.se.s, James Fullarton's brick cottaj,'e, Jamt!3 Thomjison's buildiiifi;, Ktlward Leake's and Hull's cottages, were built. The residence.s of James 1). Dewun, SS.OOO ; W. H. Murray, S4,00l), and Thomas Fawcett, S'4,000, were all comjileted. The Arcade lilock was comjileted in A])ril, 1871. The building ■was projected by Dr. McKellar, who died in 1870, his intention being to make the corner of Fraid\ and Wood streets a most imjwrtant busi- ness point. The hotel jiart of this building was leased to Mr. Cutten, In 1872 the Chalmers, Atwood and Stevenson brick block on Front and Thomas streets was com])letcd, D. H. Cam])l)ell being contractor. In 1871 the sevend brick manufacturers at Strathroy — Dr, .McTaggert, A. F. Beattie, Thomas Hogue, H. G. Frank, and W. & J. rannell— produced 4.000,0(10 brick. Albert Hall, occupying the upper floor of W. T. Pearce's block on Front and Caradoc streets, was opened in December, 1878, with " Genevieve de Brabant," by the Holman Opera Troupe. The three stores on the ground floor were occuy)ied by H. A. Ivor & Co,, gi'ocers; G. A. IVIann, boots and shoes ; and J. C. Diggins, jeweler. In October, 1878, the question of paving front street with cedar blocks was ])ro]K)sed. The two large poplar trees, which stood on Front street, opposite Johnstone's bank, were cut down Oct. 1878, Asphalt sidewalks were first laid down in Strathroy in 1882. In 188'> there were about 2,500 feet of the sidewalk ])laced, together with 1,145 feet of 15-in, tile drain, 400 feet of 12-in., and 310 feet of 8-in. Among the leading old residents of Strathroy, who were residing there in 1880, were : — Thomas H, Bateman and Jacob C. Beer, settlers of this connty in 1832 ; Dr. Billington, 1841 ; James Campbell, 1837 ; T. W. Crealy, 1842; Wm, Cooper, 1830; Chris. Corneil, 1828; S. A. Eakins, 1847; John Frank, 184.1; Alex. Hilton, 1842; John Ivor, 1838 ; Charles Napper, 1833; Geo. W. Ross, 1841; R. C. Scatcherd, and Richard Saul, in 1832 ; J. M. Thompson, 1842 ; William Rajjley, John Seaton, 18;>7 ; and J. B. Winlow, 1836. Strathroy has long since emerged from its village condition. Her wide business streets, well built up by local enterprise and capital, shaded avenues, with numer- ous fine dwellings and gardens ; commodious church and school build- ings, a public and a few private libraries ; numerous large hotel buildings, and round the town excellent farm homes and citizen COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 419 residences. The factory whistles eulliii}:! fairly {)aid hands to labor, and again to rest ; church bells rinpiufj the thought of j)rayer ; school bells reminding youth of study ; the locomotive whistle speaking of pro- gi'ess, the telej)hone, the telegraph, all are here. This is civilization. Withal, your old country friends may enjoy aonie advantages which you do not. They may live in the midst of culture and region of un- told wealth ; yet would you change places with them ? Who would go back to a life so jMior in experience as theirs ? None. Then tany here amid these scenes, so full of the romance of j)romise, where opportunity — a goddess shy in the older communities, and coy and hard to win — extends a friendly hand to all, and fairly leads to legiti- mate success. Tlie by-law, known as No, 6.'i, incorporating the Village of Strath- roy, was passed .Fune 24, 1859, and signed by Benj. Cook, Warden, and Wilson Mills, County Clerk. Hiram Dell was named as return- ing olHcer ; the boundaries of the village were defined, and the town hall named as the place for holding the first election, The charter of the town of Strathroy, bearing date Oct. 8, 1870, was issued by Lieutenant-Governor Howland, and signed by M. C. Cameron, secretary. This charter was sought for under the Canadian act, entitled " The Municipal Institutions of Upper Canada," at a time when the village contained a population of over 3,000 inhabitants. The charter described the boundaries of the town, and also of the three wards into which it was divided. The first officers of the village of Strathroy in 1800 were : — James Keefer, reeve ; Kichard Saul, Francis Frank, William Moody and Wni. Kapley, councillors ; J. B. Winlow, clerk ; W. H. Armstrong, treasurer ; Abel Wilcox, collector; J. H. Blain and A. Hilton, assessors. In 1861 Wm. Rapley was reeve, holding the position until the close of 18()5. The Council of 18()1 comprised Timothy Cooke, J. H. Blain, Richard Saul and James Keefer, with Gecge Richardson, clerk ; W, H. Arm- strong, treasurer ; Moses Street, collector, and A. Hilton, assessor. In 1862, Saul and Cooke were re-elected, with Hiram Carroll and John l?lack. ,1. B. Winlow was then elected clerk, and served to the close of Strathroy's village days ; so, also, with W. H. Armstrong, who held the office of treasurer. Abel Wilcox was elected collector in 1862, and served until 1805, when James Harvey was cho.sen. He filled the office to the close of the village government, A. Goodwin was elected as,sessor in 1862 In 1803, R. Dumbrill replaced Councillor Cooke, who was chosen assessor. In 1864, Alex. Robb took Saul's place as councillor, while A. Hilton was assessor. In 1865, Wm. Smith, Hiram CarroU, Alex. Robbs and John Frank were councillors, with Alex. Hilton, assessor. In 1800, Wm. Rapley, John Frank, J. Lenfestey and R. Nicholson formed the Council, and Mr. Hilton was re-elected. In this year Alex. Robbs was reeve. The Council of 1867 comprised : — R. Nicholson, reeve ; J, D. Dewan, Alex. Robbs, John Frank and John D. Lauler, councillors ; Richard Saul, 27 420 HISTORY OF THE assessor. In 1868, J. D. Dewan was elected reeve. The Council comprised : — Win. Eapley, J. Lenfestey, jr., Joseph Wilson and John Frank, with assessor W. C. Smith. J. D. Dewan was re-elected in 1869, with John Frank, first deputy-reeve. In this year the council- lors proper were : — E. Pincombe, A. llobbs and John D. Lauler ; Alex. Hilton was chosen assessor. In 1870, J. D. Dewan was re-elected reeve, with Joseph Wilson, deputy, with the .same council and officers as in 186U. The election of 1871, being the last for village officers, resulted in the choice of Joseph Wilson, reeve; C. G. Scott, deputy- reeve; Thomas Fawcett, Thomas Rapley and R. Pincombe councillors; with the same clerk, treasurer, collector and assessor as in 1870. In 1872, J, D. Dewan was elected first mayor of Strathroy ; Alex. Eobbs, reeve; C. G. Scott, deputy; 1?.. Pincombe, Thomas Fawcett, J. W. Smith, Thomas Eapley, A. Meekison, James Noble, John Frank, W. C. Moore and S. A. Eakins, councillors ; J. B. Winlow, clerk ; W. H. Armstrong, treasurer ; J. D. Lauler, collector ; with A. F. Beattie and A. Hilton, assessors ; T. L. Armstrong, wood inspector. In 187o Charles Murray was mayor ; with Alex. Robbs, reeve, and Thomas Fawcett, deputy reeve. At this time the following named councillors were elected : — D. Vary, James Noble, A. Goodwin, Thomas Rapley, J. W. Smith, C. H. Mackintosh, W. Hodgkinson, A. F. Beattie, and Duncan De Cow. The Major in 1874 was R. ('. Scatcherd, who was re-elected in 1875 and 1876. Charles Murray was reeve in 1874, with Alex. Eobbs, deputy. The Coxmcil com])rised J. D. Dewan (re- signed), James Noble, C. G. Scott, Duncan De Cow, John English, F. J. Craig, Thomas Eapley, W. W. Hull, H. Nicholson, P. J. Allison, and A. H. Kittredge (resigned) ; J. B. Winlow, Alex, Johnson and J. D. Lauler, clerk, treasurer and collector respectively, elected in 1873, were re-elected ; while A. Hilton was chosen assessor, when in 187.'> himself and John Lenfestey filled that office. In 1875, William Rapley was reeve, and was re-elected annually down to 1878. C. G. Scott was deputy, with same clerk, treasurer, collector and assessor, as in 1874 ; S. A. Eakins, Geo. Lamon, H. Nicholson, Duncan De Cow (resigned). A, H. Kittredge, J. W. Smith, James H. English, Edward Milner, James Noble and John English, were councillors. The elections of 1 876 resulted in the re-election of mayor and reeve. ^^''. B. Walker replaced Lauler as collector, while Assessor Hilton was re-elected annually down to 1881; F. J. Craig was deputy-reeve ; H. Nicholson, James Noble, A. H. Kittredge, John English, J. H. English, S. A. Eakins, Thomas Richardson, Wm. Milner and C. G. Scott, were elected councillors. In 1 877 Lawrence Clever- don was chosen mayor ; Wm. Rapley, reeve ; D. M. Cameron, deputy ; C. G. Scott, George Steer, D. W. Vary, H. Nicholson, Robt. McLarty, R. Durabrill, A. H. Kittredge, John English and Hugh McColl, coun- cillors. The mayor, reeves and officers of 1877 were re-elected for 1878; Messrs. Kittredge, J. H. English, Nicholson, Dumbrill and Vary, of the council, were re-elected; while J. W. Smith, F. J. Craig, COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 421 James Noblo, M. Springer and Dr. Lindsay (resigned), were the new members. In 187'.), William llapley was elected mayor ; F. J. Craig, reeve ; D. M. Cameron, deputy ; Messrs. Noble, Smith, Uurabrill, Springer, Kittridge and English, of 1878, were re-elected, with James Bang- hart, A. Goodwin and 11. C. Scatcherd, now councillors. At this time James Noble was commissioned first police magistrate. The mayor, reeves and officers of I87'.l, were re-elected in 1880, with James Bowley, William H. Saul, S. A. Eakins, J. B. Watson and William Daniels, new members ; and Messrs. Smith, Springer, Goodwin and English, old members of the council. The council of 1881 comprised Alexander Johnson, mayor ; D. M. Cameron, reeve ; J. H. English, deputy-reeve, and the same clerk, treasurer, collector, assessor and police magistrate as in 1879. The councillors were, P. .1. Allison, John Barnes, James Bowley, E. Dumbrill, A. Goodwin, H. E. Ketchum, William H. Saul, C. G. Scott, and John B. Watson. In 1882, F. J. Craig was elected mayor; 1). V. Cameron, reeve; J. H. English, first- deputy ; William llapley, second deputy ; George Steer vice Saul, resigned, R. P. Smith vice Scott, James Fullarton vice James Bowley, new councillors ; Richard Dumbrill, James Wright, James Robinson, John Barnes, H. E. Ketchum, and J. E. Lauler, councillors. The list of town officers for 1882 is as follows : — J. B. Winlow, clerk ; W. H, Armstrong, treasurer ; W. B. Walker, collector ; James Noble, police magistrate ; John Cameron, town solicitor; Gregg Hen- derson, physician ; Alex. Hilton, assessor ; J. H. Mcintosh and D. M. Campbell, auditors ; John Mallon, engineer of fire department and market clerk ; Robert Miller, chief of police ; and William Richardson, assistant chief; Wm. Phillips, Wm. Wilkinson and Reuben Wilkinson, fence viewers ; S. Humphries and Sam. Carson, pound keepers. In 1888, R. Dumbrill, mayor ; D. M. Cameron, reeve ; James H. English, deputy-reeve ; councillors, H. Nicholson, R. P. Smith and George Steer ; II. E. Ketchum, A. H Kittridge and D. W. Vary ; W. J. Dyas, John Barnes and James Wright. In 1884, James H. English, Mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve; D. W. Vary and R. P. Smith, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, J. H. Ilanley and H. Nicholson ; F. L. Harrison, H. E. Ketchum and J. Saulsbury ; R Dumbrill, L. U. Richardson and James Wright. In 1885, R. P. Smith, Mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve; Wm. Rapley and James Bowley, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, W. H. Grant and J. H. Hanley ; T. L. Hamson, J. H. Lea and J. Sauls- bury ; John l?erden, A. Carruthers and .fames Wright. In 188(), R. P. Smith, mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve ; Wm. Rapley and James Bowley, deputies ; councillors, R. Dickenson, J. H. Haidey and H. Urquhart ; Grant, Harrison and Nicholson ; John Ber- den, A. Carruthers and James Wright. In 1887, William Murdock, mayor; Lawrence Cleverdon, reeve; deputies, same as in 1888 ; councillors, J. H. Hanley, James Healy ■i'l lilm 11 ii 422 IIISTOUY OF THE and R. P. Smith; (Jriuit, Macbeth and Paine; Cox, Carruthers and Wright. In 1888, WiUiam Murdock, mayor ; D. W.Vary, reeve; Hector Urquhart and ¥. L. Harrison, deputies; councillors, Healy, Brown and Hauley, Bany ; Bowley and Hill ; Carruthers, Cox and Wri5,0()(). The expenditures of the town since 1876, are given as follows : — 1870 Slft,43fi 35 1877 2(5,812 67 1878 23,084 43 1879 24,693 96 1880 $29,003 88 1881 32,970 52 1882 29,663 02 1883 46,481 77 1884 $37,924 61 1885 49,817 12 1880 65,204 15 1887 48,685 83 Schools. — Strathroy Grammar School was opened in 1861, with J. N. Sommerville presiding. On August 4, 1862, the school trustees of Strathroy were authorized to borrow §1,500 to purchase a site and erect a school-house. This was rescinded on August 11 ; but a similar sum was authorized October ii for the use of the united board of grammar and common school trustees, to ])urchase a site and erect a school-house. In 1866, 86,000 were authorized to establish a market and enlarge the school-house, -ind $3,000 to erect a brick school-house. On November 2, 1880, the new high school building at Strathroy was opened. The records in possession of Mr. German, present secretary of the Collegiate Institnte, date back to January, 1874. At that time, R. P. Toothe, Dr. Edwards, D. M. Cameron, G. W. Vail, B. B. Rogers, H. McColl, S. (j. Chamberlain, secretary, were trustees of the High School. W. H. Armstrong was treasurer. D. A. McMichael was head master at this time, with Mr. McKellar, assistant. The latter was burned to death in the Grand Trunk affair of 1874, and in March D. A. Stewart was appointed. In June, 1874, A. H, Kittridge became a member of the Board. In July a lot was purchased on Caradoc street from John Lenfestey for $6r)0, and a contract for a school building to be erected thereon sold to James H. Mihall. Mrs. E. B. Springer was teacher of drawing. In October, John Deamess became headmaster, vice Stewart, retired. At this time Champion was appointed janitor of the new buikiing at $50 per annum, and when, on Oct. 30, the build- ing was accepted, Cliampion entered on the duties of his office. In November, John Deamess was a])i)ointed Inspector of Public Schools for West Middlesex, and Alex. McQueen took his place, Mr. Michael being re-engaged as headma,ster at SI, 000 per aimum, and David A. Maxwell as assistant at S600, vice McQueen. In 1875, Henry Nicholson and liobert Nicholson were members of the Board. The former was apj)ointed secretary and the latter resigned, when J. S. Small took his place. In August, the Board accepted the olfer of Ca])t. John Irwin to teach the pupils gyrana-stics and military drill free, after school hours. In November the teachers were re-employed for ■ IRi 424 HISTORY OF THE 1870, Assistant Maxwell being granted S750 ])er annum ; Miss Barnes and Mr. Galloway were employed as assistant teachers. In April, 1876, Mr, English took Mr. Small's place on tlie Board, and in Decem- ber Hiram Dell was appointed janitor. In -lanuar}', 1(S77, Mr. Craw- ford was hired as assistant teacher at d<2'25 ])ex half year. In August ]\Ir. Maxwell resigned to accept a position in tlie public schools, and R. A. Kobinson, a B. A., of Cambridge Univ(>rsity, was a])pointed at a salary equal to S>800 per annum. In 1877 tlie name of Dr. Stevenson ajipears as trustee. In December, 1877, Mr. Robinson was dismissed for two reasons, and Mr. Barnes a]i]iointed teacher. In December, 1877, W. Graham resigned as teacher. In February, 1878, W. A. Duncan was employed as first assistant teacher. As the result of J. S. Carson's search through Western Ontario for one, Mr. Rowan resigned the position of second assistant. In June, 1878, Wm. Tawcett's bid of §1,000 for building an addition to the school-house was accepted. In October, D. A. Alc^Iicliael, W. A. Duncan and D. L. Leitch were re-employed as teachers ; but, on Duncan's resignation, H. D. Johnston, of I'arkhill, was appointed. In July, 1880, Messrs. McCoU, English, Nicholson and Dr. Stevenson were appointed a build- ing committee, in re the erection of an addition to the high school. This addition was built ; but, owing to delay on the contractor's part, the board took possession of the building and comjjleted it. In January, 1881, Principal MclMichaol resigned, when L. E. Embree was appointed. Later, other teacliers were employed. In February, 1881, Messrs. Nicholson and Cameron, of tlie Board of Trustees, brought forward a motion to convert the high school into a collegiate institute, and Messrs. IVIcCoU and Cameron were ajipointed a committee to cany out the resolution. This committee reported a memorial to the Lieut.- Governor, praying that the higli school be erected into a collegiate institute. In April, 1881, H. Nicholson resigned the office of secretary, when G. G. German was appointed, the salary being a nominal one of S.'30. Mr Nicholson also resigned his membership on the board. In June, E. Rowland took his place, to retire in 1884. Tlie salaries of teachers authorized in 1881 were : — L. E. Embree, 81,000 ; H. D. Johnston, $800; D. L. Leitch, 8050, and W. H. Graham, SGOO. At this time the collegiate institute committee was increased, with Dr. Stevenson, Messrs. McColl, Rowland, P^mbree and Cameron, members. In January, 1882, S. \W. Perry replaced Graham as third assistant. R. V. Smith's name appears as trustee ; but, in Sejitember, his place was taken by William Dewar. In November, 1882, Embiee's and Johnston's salaries were increased SlOO each. The name of Mr. Lamareaux and otliers appear on the teacher's list in 188o, vice >Mr. Leitch. During the first quarter A. L. Langford and V. McLaughlin were teachers with Mrs. Embree and Jolniston. In March, Embree resigned, when T. O. Page was employed, and R. S. McGowan was teacher of calisthenics about this time In November, 1883, J. E. Wetherell was employed as head master. roy, won recipient versity. Fire with TIk first lieu secretary Frank, I Wright, Mallon, Among COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 425 P. McLaughlin, G. F. Lawson, H. D. Johnston and Chas. H. Waldron, assistant teachers. In January, 1884, Thomas Gordon and Dr. Lindsay were appointed trustees. In June, William H. Smith was appointed master of modern languages. In December, G. \V. Van Slyke replaced Mr. McLaughlin as teacher. The order establishing the Strathroy Collegiate Institute is dated December 18. 1884, the title to rank from January 1, 18S5. J. E. Wetherell, H. D. Johnston, W. H. Smith, V. McLaughlin and George H. Cowan were the teachers in order of rank, with R. S. McGowan teacher of calisthenics. In February, Van Slyke resigned and P. Mc- Laughlin was appointed teacher; J. E. Tom was appointed science master. In June, M. S. (Jlark was engaged, vice W. M. Smith re- signed, and Mr. Hogarth as fifth master. In January, 1886, D. M. Cameron, M. P., represented the county, and W. H. Murray, the town, as members of the Board. In February, A. De Guerre was appointed, vice J. E. Tom, elected Inspector of Huron. In June, 188(), the question of building an addition to the High School was favorably received, and a requisition for .S2,50U made, and in July a building contract was sold to Geo. McBeth, for .^2,335. In August, Mr. Parkinson succeeded Hogarth, as fifth master. In November, 188G, it was agreed to increase the salary of Principal Wetherell to $1,500 for 1887, and F. H. Sykes was engaged as master of modern languages, at S900 per annum, vice Clark. The number of pupils attending in January, 1887, was 216, the same as in 1886, against 183 in Jan., 1884. The fees collected for the year 1886 amount- ed to Sl,204, against S549 in January, 1884. The trustees in Feb, 1887, were : — D. M. Cameron, W. H. Murray, Wm. Dewar, A. H. Kittridge, Thomas Gordon, and li. Dickinson. In April, 1887, a legislative grant of $733.05, and a similar amount from county were received. In August, the joint payment amounted to §1,547.10. In November, Messrs. Wetherell, Johnston, De Guerre, Sykes, and I'arkinson, were re-engaged as teachers. In April, 1888, Miss Susie Carson, of Strath- roy, won the degree of Doctor of Medicine. She is th' *irst female recipient of first-class honors in this department of the Iv, jnto Uni- versity. Fire Department. — Protection Fire Co, No. 1 was organized 1865, with Thomas Eichardson, chief ; W. W. Hull, captain ; F. J. Craig, first lieutenant; A. Waspe, second lieutenant; Samuel E. Lauler, secretary; -lohn Lenfestey, assistant; Wm. Milner, treasurer ; F. W. Frank, foreman of hose ; Edward Scott, assistant foreman ; E. J. Wright, Isaac Carr, Sol. Frank and Wm. Piper, branchmen ; John Mallon, engineer of the hand engine ; Wm. Findlay, first assistant. Among the members were J. D. Dewan, now of London ; C. H. Mc- intosh, who was member for Carleton in the Dominion House ; Wm. Kichardson, C. T. Portwood, and Richard Bell. Mr. Lenfestey thinks there wei'e over forty members in the company. The old hand engine, :i 426 HISTOUY OF THE made by Marks, of Toronto, in 1865, was the first in use at Strathroy, and is almost as good to-day as when first brought here. In January, 1872, a steam fire engine was introduced to Strathroy, and subsequently purchased by the Council. In February, a fire in Johnston's bank was put out; but, later, the fire ol February 15 destroyed De Graw's saloon and the house of dentist H. McLaren, entailing a loss of about $4,0()U. The Strathroy Hook and Ladder (Jom- pany was organized September, 187^?, with Geo. M. Francis, captain ; Stepler, lieutenant ; James Fullarton, second lieutenant ; H. IT rquhart, secretary; P. Johnston, treasurer. In July, 1874, a certificate of honorary membership was presented to Thomas Ilicharson by Protec- tion Fire Co., No. 1, in acknowledgment of his services as captain and member for over seven consecutive years. The document was signed by W, W. Hull, chief; John Lenfestey, secretary ; William Milner, treasurer ; R C. Scatcherd, Mayor, and J. B. Winlow, clerk. The fire department of 1882 was made up as follows : — Chief, John Lenfestey, ji'.; captain, H, E. Ketchmn ; lieutenant, Robert Argue ; 2iid lieutenant. Arch. B. McLellan ; secretary and treasurer, William Richardson; 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th branchmen, Timothy Galavan, Henry Gooderam, James LaFlamme, Samuel Emmons ; chief engineer, John Mallon ; 1st assistant, T. Le Gallee ; 2nd assistant, Zachariah Frank ; foreman of hose, Stephen Waite ; members, Thomas Hopwood, William Murdock, Jacob Cutter, Ezekiel Gooderam, Charles Cooper, Samuel Plank, John Sells, D. C. McPhail, John Loynes, Alexander McKeigan, Sylvester Bradt, George Gooderam, John Campbell, C. Andrews, W. Bishop, P. J, Stratham, Thomas Nichol, with F. W. Frank, ex-chief ; Thomas Richardson, ex-chief, honorary ; Benjamin Burkholder and F. Cruickshank, buglers. The changes in 1888 show :— Captain, James Woods, vice Ketchum ; Albert Brady, vice Argue ; Henry Gooderam, vice McClellan ; John Lenfestey, jr., secretary, vice Richardson ; Ezekiel Gooderam, William Bradt, William Healy, Charles McGowan, branchmen ; William Murdock, 1st assis- tant ; Samuel Plank, foreman of hose ; William Wilson, assistant. Conflagrations. — The first fire at Strathroy was that of 1857, when the log-house owned by Mrs. Perry was burned. Haydeu's shoe store and Richard Dumbrill's general store were destroyed in 1864, being the first fire subsequent to 1860. The fire of March 20, 1868, originated in the old frame block on Front street, which went up in flame, John A. Scoon and A. Meekinson, with their wives, barely escaping. The losses were as follows : — Isaac Moore, furniture insured for $600 in the Provincial ; no insurance on barn. The hotel owned by McKellar & Strathy. covered by $1,400 in the Home, of New Haven. Thomas Carre, insured in the Provincial for $1,200 ; pa' ial loss. A. John.son & Co., stock insured in Commer- cial Union for .it,i,000 ; Western, $500 and Home, $500 ; building in- sured for $800 in Commercial Union. A. Meekinson, fruit store, insured for $500 in Niagara Mutual. D. Dwyer, boot and shoe store, COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX. 427 stock insured in JFAna, of Dublin, for S400, and in Niagara Mutual for $400. F. Hilton, boots and shoes, stock insured in JFAua for £500. P. O'Dwyfjr, groceries, stock insured in ^tna for S900, and S800 in Niagara, Mutual. John A. Scoon, building insured in Home for $430 ; nothing on furniture. A. Goodwin, groceries, stock i"sured in Com- mercial Union for $1,00(1, and SHOO in Niagara Mutual. W. H. Stewart, confectioner, no insurance ; Nap])er owned the building. G. Orchard, S<)00 on stock and SHOO on building in Royal, and 8600 on stock and $600 on building in Western. James Wright, boots and shoes, stock insured in Provincial for $1,500 ; loss partial. The total loss approximated, $28,000. The fire of July l!.>, 1872, originated in rear of Mole's drug store, in the Exchange Hotel Block, on Frank street ; spread to Kenney'.? grocery store and Couse's hotel ; thence across Centre street to ^Irs. Cowan's residence ; destroyed the Couse hotel stables, Doyle and Quinn's saloons, Sadlier's harness shop, Murray & Barr's saloon, the billiard room and Long's grocery, the Cutteu hotel stables. Dr. Mc- Taggart's office, and John Black's building on Frank street. The losses were estimated at $20,000. Other building.s, including the Methodist Episcopal Church, were on fire, but owing to the exertions of the brigade and people the buildings were saved. The fire of March, 1873, destroyed Munroe's Western Hotel stables. The fire of July 6 originated in Gunn & Telford's dry goods store. From this point the blaze spread to German's boot and shoe store, owned by Rev. J. Learoyd, which was destroyed ; C. G. Scott's dry goods store narrowly escajied ; Pincombe's flour store was partially destroyed ; Cameron's stock was damaged ; Ross & Murdock's Block and the Oddfellows' Hall were destroyed. The total loss amounted to $30,000, of which the insurance companies carried $10,000. During the fire, Mallon, in charge of the steam engine, and the fire company in charge of the hand engine, did excellent service. Within the suc- ceeding two weeks the old verandas were taken down, by order of the Council, and other safeguards against fire instituted. In the fire of July 25, O'Connor's Hotel, corner of Frank and Centre streets, was destroyed, entailing a loss of $4,000. The Town Hall was also destroyed. In August the work of rebuilding the hotel was commenced. Pincombe & Pool's tannery, east end of Front street, was destroyed by fire also in July. The mills were saved by the fire- men. Another fire on East Centre street destroyed $27,000 worth of wool stored in Robbs' old frame building. The insurance carried by the Woollen Manufacturing Company was $23,000. In November, 1874, cases growing out of the fire of July 1, 1873, were begun. It was alleged that A. F. Beattie, a director of the Strathroy Woollen Company, borrowed $4,000 from the St. Lawrence Bank on a ware- house receipt, issued on a supposed purchase of 15,000 pounds of wool, and insured the same, assigning the policy to the bank. He was arrested, but escaped ; and, in November, Alex. Robbs was arrested, but allowed out on $3,000 bail. I 428 HISTORY OF THE The fire of October 2, 187.'i, destroyed the row of old wooden build- ings on Front and Caradoc streets, known as Smith's block. Mrs. Smith's loss on buildings was ;?2,000 ; Coy's, S8()0 ; T. Irvine's gi'oeery, where the fire originated, entailed a loss of $3,300 for stock ; Worthington, the barber, and Woodward, the butcher, escaped with little loss. Fitzpatrick's hotel, one of the oldest buildings, was destroyed by fire in January, 1874. The buildings were the property of John Seaton. On March 7, 1873, the old school-house was burned. Eakins's steam cabinet factory was destroyed by fire February 17, 1874. In October a new building was completed and work resumed. Isaac Aloore's hotel stables were burned in October, 1874. The fire of March 14, 1876, destroyed a row of frame buildings on Front eet. The fire was discovered in rear of E. T. Early's grocery store by A. H. Kittredge and D. W. Vary. It spread to Mrs. Auld's millinery on the west, and on its eastward course consumed Kandall's furniture store, Parson's meat market, BaiTon's dwelling house, and Dumas's house and shop. All the buildings in the block, except the old one known as " The Bee-hive," were destroyed. Thompson's music store on the west, and Crispen's tinshop and Johnston's bank build- ings on the o])posite side, were damaged. The fire of June 1, 187<3, entailed losses amounting to S34,000. The fire originated in Craig's foundry, spread to Baughart's Hotel stables, and also to the roof of the Catholic church, thence to the par- ochial house, which were all destroyed. John Woodcock's dwelling, south of the foundry, was also burned. The loss to the Catholic people of Strathroy was S7,000 for church, and $500 for pastor's residence. The priest's office was the oldest dwelling in Strathroy at that time. It was built about 1837, by J. S. Buchanan, and there also James Keefer resided after he and Cook purchased the Buchanan mills. In June and July the work of rebuilding on the burned district was begun. Baskerville's cabinet factory was destroyed by fire in Septem- ber, also his furniture rooms and dwelling ; McMillan's grocery, and Charles Grist's dwelling. The fire of February 2, 1877, destroyed the grocery stores of J. W. Lamon and Thomas Irvine, on Front street, corner of Caradoc. The Bee-hive, which stood next to Watson & Co.'s hardware store, known as Worthington's barber shop, was destroyed by fire in April. The drill shed was burned in September, also Wm. Rapley's grain store. Samuel Eakins's furniture factory, his barn and Mrs. Geddes's barn were burned in November, 1877. In February, 1878, the old carriage works of Craik & Woods, on Caradoc street, were destroyed, also Hal- dane's cottage. In February, 1879, James Ferguson's blacksmith and wagon shop was destroyed by fire. The building was owned by R. Coy. On June 27, 1881, the Fitzpatrick livery stables and seven horses, in rear of the Commercial Hotel, were destroyed by fire. During the burning of Heal & Co.'s dry goods store, on March 6, i COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 429 1882, the roof and front walls fell into the street, killing Hamilton Howe and injuring several others, anionf^ whom were Win. Murdock, Thomas LeGallee, A. H. Kittredge, llichard Wallace, Dugald Graham, A. Woodbury (of the Queen's Hotel), J. Spurr, Geo. McEwen, D. Gib- son, Geo. Francis, and T. Nichol, citizens. John Lenfestey, jr, was the last to be rescued. The fire of A])ril 27, resulted in the destruc- tion of one of the warehouses of the Great Western Railroad Co. at Strathroy, in which the Knitting Co. had about 812,000 worth of cot- ton and raw material, and Hearvy & Co., of Hamilton, about $6,000 worth of wool. Mansfield & Co. had SI 2,000 worth of wheat, oats and wool, in the .idjoining warehouse. Through the efforts of the fire department, one building was saved. On Dec. 2.'!, 1883, Geo. A. Mann's residence on south Caradoc was destroyed; loss, $1,400. Wm. Fawcett's factory was burned Jan. 3, 1884. The department served all day, their clothes being frozen. On Ajnil 2, 1884, McGarvey's wagon shop was destroyed by fire. On June 20, Charles Parker's grocery was partially burned. A. Car- ruthers's dwelling house, owned by Cawthrop, on Metcalfe street, was partially destroyed September 23. The roller skating rink was burned December 29, 1885. The building was owned by Mr. Fawcgtt, who valued it at $2,000. The fire of April 25, 1885, originated in a shed in rear of Kobinson's confectionery, on Front street, resulting in- the de- struction ot much valuable property. J. C. Robinson lost his stock and building, over .$1,000 ; G. W. Adamson, his house and stable, rented by J. McGarvey, $400 ; J. A. H. Kittredge, his livery, $400 ; Mrs. Fletcher, her cottage, $400 ; R. Coughlin, a cottage, $400 ; Rap- ley, lyiansou & Fawcett, stable, rented by Woodbury, $800 ; Ray's photogi'aph gallery and stock, $2,000 ; R. Diprose, a storehouse, $500 ; 6. Andrews lost furniture valued at $100 ; J. Longhead's losses were about $1,500. On April 30, 1885, David Vrooman's dwelling was destroyed on Colborne street. The fire of September 10, destroyed P. O'Dwyer's building in rear of his store, entailing a loss of $2,500. Murray's stock and Ivor's stock were damaged. George Dudley's dwelling was destroyed October 4. Ketchum's rake and cradle factory was burned F(>bruary 18, 1886, entailing a loss of $lt,000. John C. Smith's blacksmith shop, on Caradoc street, was destroyed Feb. 20 ; loss about $20(\ On July 18, 1880, an accident on the Grand Trunk Railway resulted in the jnirtial destruction of an Armour Chicago train, but the fire was subdued by the department. The fire of August .31, resulted in the destruction of Smith's cooperage owned by Wm. McBride. On Dec. 23, Rooney's dwelling house was partially burned. The fire of September 29, 1887, destroyed the brick dwelling owned by the Mclntyre estate. On Jan. 13, 1888, the greenhouse of Wm. Trelfa was burned. On April 15 the barns and stables of Jacob Cutler, south English street, were burned. On June 23, Elijah Thody's dwelling on Beach street was destroyed. 430 HISTOItY OF THE Fatal Acc'uhnts. — In April, 1S71, Henry I>ar\vin, an hotel-kooper of Woodstock, was killed by an express train, at Pxjar Creek Bridge, near Strathroy. In May, 1871, a child of William Milner, of Strathroy, was scalded to death by a cup of tea. On April 7, 1874, PejTfTy Posoy and an unknown man were killed near Strathroy, on the railroad. The body of Donald Corkindale was found in the river near Strathroy, April 12, 1874. He was missed on .Tainiary 27, the last seen of hira being on entering an unfortunate hoiise at Strathroy, then known as " The White House." Doctors Edwards and Lindsay discovered woimds over the left orbit, which were sufficient to cause death. Britain (.'liirke, .John Quinn and William Geary were arrested on sus- picion, but were discharged in May for want of evidence. Mrs. Charles Gooden, of Strathroy, was accidentally killed on Kettle Creek Bridge, March 8, 1880, while? returning with her husband from the funeral of her mother. In .laiiuary, 1883, a gang of burglars visited Strathroy, and succeeded in bursting the large safe in 11. Nicholson's office, one in Ketchum'.s, one in Charles Grist's, one in Cain's and one in McGibbon's. Chief of Police? Miller, in company with John Johnston, C. A. Andrews and W, Uniuhart, chased the burglars to Demaray's school-house, Adelaide, and thence by Nairn and Ailsa Craig to Stratford, where llobert iiaird, VVilliam Mantling and John- Lowrie were aiTested. Albert Stacy was arrested later. Ohurehes.—St. John's Church, English Church in Caiuxda, dates back to 1842, when a house of worship was built on the site of the present English ( 'hurch. When building the new house, this frame was moved acro.ss the .street, where it is now u.sed as a dwelling house. In 1846. John S. Buchanan deeded to the Bishop of Toronto lot 23, concession 4, Adelaide, south of the Egi'emont road, or about four acres. In 1841, Rev. D. E. Blake held services in a house erected that year for school and church purposes. In 1850, Mr. Ulake resigned, when Rev. A. Mortimer took charge. He only remained a few years, when Rev. A. 5. Falls came. The marriage record kept by him dates back to 180.3. During his time the mission of Strathroy was established and Mr. Weld held the parish of Adelaide. Prior to leaving in 186;j, he built the brick church iuFsad of the old frame of 1842, the same which now forms the front of tK present building. Strathroy, or St. John's, was deUxched from Adelaide in 1865, and, with Katesville, formed a new parish. Rev. R. S. Patterson was appointed rector. Among the contributors named, are : — W. H. Arm- strong, F. Mackintosh, Smalls, Harveys, Youngs, W. F. Luxton, M. K. Pegley, W. H. Ewer, Colonel Johnson, Dr. Mclniyre, J. Wilson, G. W. Harris, J. English, P. Carroll, A. Policy, and others. To this, St. Catharine's, of Katesville, was attached in 1866. In 1870, Rev. J. C. Gibson took charge ; in 1873, Rev. J. W. P. Smith ; in 1876, Rev. J. Smythe ; in 1879, Rev. A. C. Hill, who was pastor up to November, 1885, when Rev. L. Des Brisay succeeded. In the fall of 1887 the peculiarities of the church building were abolished, the former addition converted into a transept, and other improvements made. COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX. 431 The Church of England population of tho churches of Strathrny and Katesville is about 600, and the conuminicuints about 100. The English Church building, or addition to the old church, was com- menced in August, 187n, by daTues Wilson, contractor. The corner- stone was placed August IS, and the house completed November 28, when it was dedicated by the Hisliop oi Huron The wardens are Major John Iivine and Richard Dumbrill. The finance committee comprises the wardens, with W. J. Dyas, W. Duer, Charles (Jrist, James H. English, L. H. Dampier and Koger Williams. The Methodist Church of Strathroy was detached from Adelaide in 1851, when the Wesleyan ministers, James Armstrong and John Shaw, were apjwinted. In 185'!. John K. Williston was appointed, assisted by Thomas F. llowai-d in 1855. liichard L. Tucker served in ]85(!-7 ; Nelson Brown in 1858-9 ; Jnmes Ivison in ]86(»-l, with Geo. Sexsmith in 1801 ; L. O. Rice in 18(i2-l>, Samuel Hume assisting the fir.st and W. H. Winans the second year; Isaac Harber in 1804-5, with Messrs. Wiiuvns and Holmes assistfints; John Learoyd in 1800-8, with 11. Haskins assistant in 1807; George Goodson in lH0'.>-70; Thonuis Cosford in 1871-.'i. The Methodist Church of Canada at Strathroy succe(>ded the Wesleyan Society in 1874. Rev. -lames C. Slater presided until 1877, when Alfred Andrew succeeded him. In 1880, William C. Henderson was appointed, and served in 1881-2, with Williston, Ivison and Hardie superannuated ; in 188:i-4, G. U. Sanderson and Eben Lancely were ministers here, and at this time the Methodist EiMscopal Society became a part of the Church of Canada. James Cooper, who died May 1883, settled here in 1835, and in 1840 aided in erecting the old log church near the present city, and was leader of the first class for forty-tive years. Rev. Richard Saul, who for forty years was a resident of Strathroy, and for five years prior to coming here a resident at what is now Napier village, died October 2, 1877. He was a minister of the Methodist Church; but fifteen years before his death he joined the Swedenborgians. Among the other early members were the Butterys, John Creely, John Dow- ner, James Na])per, the Holdens, Curries, Parkers, Murdocks, Miners, Eastmans, the Pannells, John A. Scooue (recording steward for numy years), Mrs. John Carson, the Regleys, VV. Hildyai'd. The preachers were: — Messrs. Marsden, David Hardie, W. Dignam, R. Corson, B. Gundy (1840), Thomas Williams, Thomas Howard, Thomas Crews, George Kennedy and John Webster (about 1848), Ruv. Ozier Barber, John Hutchinson, Rev. James Armstrong (1852), J. K. Williston (1853), R. L. Tucker (1856), Nelson Brown, during whose jtastorato the Swedenborgian class was formed. Mrs. Armstrong, a daughter of Mr. Saul, relates that services were held in the old fourth line school- house (which stood on what is now MethodLst cemetery), until 1854, except for a few years when regUxu,.. services were held in a log school- house at Napperton. The first church at Strathroy was built about 1851-2, on Front 432 HISTOllY OF THE stveot, about whore Getty's store now stands, Mrs. Arrastronj? thinks this buiklin!» was sold to the Mtitliodist Jlpiscopal Sf)ciety, wlio tnoved it to the site of their brick church, and solil it in IS74 t(j tlio bretlu-en, to make way for the brick churcii. The tliird Wosleyan building was erected on Maria and North strecits, and is now used as a tenement house. In 1879 the ])resent church was begun and dedicated January 11, 1880, eighteen months and one day after the former building was begun. In the building of 1851 the New Connexion Methodists worship- ped at times. The stewards in 1874 were : — George Jones, Jose])h Buttery, Wm. Buttery, Thomas (.'rispin, J. W. Barber, James Macklin and J. H. Hanley, vice Alexander Eol)bs, late steward. IJev. J. C. Slater was pastor. The Quarterly Conference of August, 1874, com- prised the above-named class-leaders and stewards, with A. H. Foe, Andrew Carruthers, James Bond, .James T. Vokes, J. Robinson, G G. German, Charles Napi)er and Moses Holden. Rev. J. K. Williston's name apjiears as superannuate. In IHyn, the stewards were re-elected. In February, 187*), G. G. German was elected recorder, vice Jones, moved to Watford, who was steward for the previous six years, and the name of \V. H. Armstrong appears among the class leaders. In May, 1877, Rev. Alfred Andrews was called as pastor. In May, 1878, Richard Dickenson was confirmed local preacher, vice G. G. German. The stewards of 1878 were re-elected in 1879. Among the new members of the quarterly meet- ing were : — F. L. Hamson, H. Bailey, J. W. Baskerville, E. Parke, H. Owens, and J. E. Lauler. In May, 1880, Wm. Harnett was chosen local preacher. At this time appointments were held at Moody's comers, and north of the toll- gate. In August, Rev. J. A. Ivison's name appears with Rev. Mr. Williston. The local preachers, Messrs. R. Dickenson, G. G. German, W. Harnett, and C. W. Holden, were re-licensed in 1881. In 1883, Dr. Sanderson w.as appointed pastor. In August, 1885, Mr. Holmes was pastor, with J. K. Williston, L. ("leverdon, Hanley, Armstrong, J. T. "Vokes, John Robinson, A. Robinson, A. Carruthers, Simpson, M. Holden, E. Collins, W. T. Crispin, F. L. Harrison, J. B. Shotwell, and G. G. German. In July, 1886, Rev. Wm. McDonagh was appointed pastor. In May, 1888, Messrs. W. J. Roseborough, and C. E. German were appointed local preachers, and W. H, Armstrong, re-appointed treasurer. In June, 1868, the Methodist Episcopal Society of Strathroy re- solved to build a house of worship, and on September 13 this resolu- tion was carried out, when Bishop Richardson, a British veteran of 1812, dedicated the building, Jan. 17, 1875. Rev. A. E. Griffith, the pastor, also aided in the erection of two other church buildings in his circuit that year. The new building at Strathroy was simply the en- largement of their first house there. In 1884 this society merged into the Methodist Church of Canada. The present membership of the united churches is 291. COUNTY (IF MIDUI.KSEX. 43S St. Anne's Catliolic Clmrcli was orij^'inally ndtiiiiiisterod by the priests of the old jiarish of Adelaide, to whom reference is made in the history of that township. The church was presided over in 1871 by Kev. P. O'Siiea and Itev. .lames Scanlon, who also attended the missions of Warwick and Williams. In 1872, Father (Jahan was here, his mission extendinj,' to Forest, and in 1874 had charj>e of the parish. In 187(), Henry li. i,otz came; and, in 1S77, Kev. .1. Molphy, under whose care the jjarisli made w<5Mderful jirfij^ress. The old church was burned June 1, 1S7<>, and on June lli that year wo find Father Molphy presiding over a i!ieetin<,' to consider the (juestion of nibuilding. After the adojition of a resolution by Patrick Mee and James L). Uewan, thanking the firemen for their ellorts to .save the church jm)- perty, S2,()00 was subscribed towards rebuilding. The new church was comjtleted and dedicated October li'.i, 187(i, by the IJishop of Hamilton, assisted by Revs. Ihennan, of McGillivray, Lennon, O'Shea, Galian, and Mol])hy. Father Aloliihy, who succeeded Father Lotz as ])astor, thanked the people and authorities of Strathroy for courtesies extended during the building of the new church, which, with the present parochial house, were erected by contractor Wni. Fawcett. In May, 187S, tiie new alt.'ir of All Saints' Church was blessed by Bishop Walsh. Father Wattors, of Corunna, celebrated high ma.ss. On the same afternoon the new Catholic cemetery was consecrated. The church at Alvinston, erected in 1878, was dedicated by Bishop Walsh, January 1 2, 187'.'. Father Molphy celebrated high mass. The buildings co.st about StJ.dOO. St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church may be said to have been estab- lished in 1863, but for yctars before Presbyterian services were held here. The ministers of the established Church of Scotland in th(! west in 183U were : — Alexander lioss, of Aldlwjrough ; Donald McKeiizie, of Zorra ; and Wm. McKilligan, of St. Thomas. The first record of the Presbyterian Church, of Strathroy, in the possession of Secretary Cor- don, is dated May 22, 18(;.'i. The names given under that date are : — Jessie Black, Mrs. Dr. McKellar, Andrew Lee, Mrs. Lee, Jas. Young and wife, Mrs. Stephen,?, Robert Jack, Sarah McNeil; Mrs. Mc- intosh, J. S. A. Giizean, Elder John Thompson and wife, and Ellen Young. In 18G6 the names of Mrs. Hugh Rose, Mrs. Thomas Bailey, Robert Thompson, of Caradoc, and wife, Wm. H. Murray and wife. Elder Thomas Bailey and Mrs. Giizean. In 1867 the mission was established as a station, with Rev. Wm. Lundy in charge. He died here in May, 1872. In August, 1873, Rev. Scobie was called and served the church until 1881. He succeeded Eev. J. Gouly, who was here in 1872-3. When Thomas Bailey came in 1861, the Brothersons, Robert Thompson, of Adelaide, as well as the persons named above, were members. Services were held at Adelaide and Strathroy, each Sabbath. In June, 1877, the last services were held in the old building of St. Andrew's church. The contract was sold to Robinson & Son, for 434 HISTOUY OF THE $8,000. The basement was opened for service in Novembev that year, and the building completed and dedicated July 14, 187H, at a total cost of $12,41!). The building committee composed : — Rev. R. Scobie, John Thompson, J. M. Thompson, Irving Poole, James Manson, Hector Urquhart, D.Ferguson, George Thompson, James Campbell, R. Sutherland, K. Davidson, Chas. Mansfield, A. H. Grant, D. M. Telford, Eobert Dixrose, W. H. ^lurray, li. P. Smith, Dr. Thompson, and J. J. A. Gilzean. Rev. Thomas Macadam succeeded Mr. Scobie, and has served the Church earnestly down to the present time. The officers of the Church in 1.S81 were: — \V. H. Murra.y, chair- man ; H. Unjuhart, secretary ; John H. Mcintosh, treasurer ; with John Reid, Dr. Thompson, J. Pool, li. Diprose, D. L. Leitch, and \V. Geddis, managers. In 1882, the names of R. Wallace, T. Irvine, T. Gordon, George W. Ross, T. Douglass and D. M. Cameroi' appear among the names of managers, 'n January, 1883, R. Baker succeeded R. Tyke as precentor. In 1884 the names of W". T. Smith, William Hoagg, Wm. McBride and Wm. Ireland appeared as managers, and in 1886 that of G. Clarke ; in 1887. of J. D. Grant. In January, 18S8, Miss Bella Cameron resigned her position as leader of th3 choir. In 18S8, ^Messrs. John Murdock, D. M. Brown, J. Cameron, sr., and James Noble were elected members of the board of managers, which in 1886 comprised W. Geddes, James Cameron, Gilbert Clarke ; in 1887, Dr. A. Thompson, J. D. Grant, D. M. Brown; and in 1888, H. Urquhart, James Noble, John Murdock, with the newly-elected members. R. Diprose jireceded Mr. Mcintosh as treasurer. The ("omraittee for the Schemes of the ( 'hurch comjn'ises : — Hon. president, Rev, Thomas Macadam; president, J. R. Geddes; secretary, Wm. Dawson; trea- surer, Wm. Fergusfin ; Thomas Gordon, Thomas Douglas, William Ireland, Wm. Blair, B. J. Donaldson, Dukes Dalton, Thomas Banks, John Murdock, D. L. Leitch, Mrs. Bolton, Miss Geddes, j\Iiss Murray, Miss Gordon, ]\Iiss Sickles, Miss Drynan ; and the Ladies' Aid Society : — Hon. president, Mrs. Urquhart ; president, Mrs. Macadam ; vice-president, ^Irs. Geddes ; secretary, Mrs. Springer ; treasurer, IVIrs. W. H. Murray. The Sabbath School is presided over by D. L. Leitch, with Thomas Gordon, assistant superintendent, and J. D. Grant, secre- tary. The church membership is about 230, The Baptist Church has been represented here from the earlier years of the village ; but the church of Lobo is the parent of Baptist churches in western Middlesex. Among the early ministers here may be mentioned Rev. D. Baldwin, who was jjresiding in 1872, long years after the men named in the general history passed away from this dis- trict. The corner-stone of the new building, which marks the progress o. the denomination, was placed Sept. 11, 1888. A jar containing several copies of newsi)apers and an account of the present condition of the church was placed in the stone by Mrs. John Zavitz, when ]\Irs. Wm. Moody stepjied foi'ward, trowel in hand, and in true work- woman style guided the cap-stone as it was lowered into place, cleared COUNTV or MIDDLESKX. 4:>,5 the mortar from the edges, and declared the whole to be " well and truly laid." Those two ladies have shown from the first a deep inter- est in the work, and it is in a large degree owing to their liberality that the church is being erected. The building is 72 x 48 feet, in the serai-Gothic style, consisting of the auditorium and a basement. There are five windows on each side, above and below, with six pilasters between the windows projecting some four inches, and four windows in front, above and below. The ceiling in the auditorium is square corniced and nineteen feet six inches high, while the basement is nine feet nine inches. Tiie pews are of wood, with iron ends and draw- seats, furnishing a seating capacity for (iOO. Kev, Mr. Dayfoot, the ])astor, has been very earnest in urging on this religious enterprise, The New Jerusalem Church may be said to date back to 1862, when John H. Miller, a native of England, who moved to Ohio dviring the U(',l)ellion of 1837-8, preached the Swedenborgian doctrine in the City Hall and won numbers away, particidarly from the Methodist churches of the town. In 1872, Rev. R. Saul, referred to in the his- tory of the Methodist Church, presided over this society. Cemetenes. — In January, 18:W, the first burial in the Methodist Cemetery, on the Fourth Line, took place. Old Mrs. Charles Hilton was the subject. In 18o2, Wm. Rapley's father was buried there before the place was set oil' as a churchyard. In 184:>, Rosanna Mur- dock was buried there, and the headstone which marks her grave is the oldcist in the cemetery. The first person buried in the city cemetery was a young son of City Clerk Winlow, who was drowned in a cistern. In 1879, the present St. Anne's cemetery was opened. Secret and Benevolent Socidies. — Beaver Lodge, No. 8.S, A. F. & A. M , was chartered July 30, 18;")7, on ])etilion of George Masson, Thomas S. Russell, Richard Browne, Joseph H Blain, Samuel E. Sherman, F. E. Bate, James IMiu'ray, Robert Cleland, Hugh Eraser, jr., Sannicl Dell and John Wiley. The other charter members were : — Francis Bullock, John Manning, John Black, W. F. Thompson, Wm. Rajiliiy, Timothy Cook, Robert Haldane, Dr. Wm. Bettridge, John Frank, Abel Wilcox, H. H. Anson, and W. H. Armstrong. The masters of this lodge are named as follows : — George Ma.sson, 1857 ; Jnhn A. Scoone, 18r)8-!) ; .leseph H. Blain, 185'.)-60 ; John Manning, !St;i ; Dr. Wm. Bettridge, 1S62; Thomas Richardson, 18(i;;-4; Wm. Rapley, I8()r) ; Thomas Richardson, 1866; Richard Bell, 18(57; John I-enfestey, jr., 18(;8: John A. Somerville, 18G'.( ; W. G. Vanstadden, 1870-1; J. C. Small. 1872-:'.; James McKav, 1874; William W. Hoare, 1874; A. Jamieson, 1875-6; William Milner, 1877; William Oldham, 1878; John Mallon, 1879; William H. Grant, 1880; Wm. H. Arm,strong, 1881 ; James H. Robhs, 1882 ; A. A. Cockburn, 1883; .lohn Black, 1884; William Grant, 1885; Archibald Ballantyne, 188(1; John Mallon, 1887, and Wm. Wilkinson, 1 888. The other oftic(n's of the lodge are : — Thomas O. CiU'rie, S. W. ; James Ferguson, 38 436 HISTOKY OF THE J. W. ; W. H. Armstrong, chaplain ; Charles Grist, treasurer ; A. A. Cockburn. secretary ; Thomas Jackson, S. D. ; Thomas Veiinor, J. D. ; James Bogue, 1). C. ; Henry Smith and Wra. Richardson, stewards ; Alex. Reid, I. G., and Hiram Dell, tyler. There are now seventy-two members. Euclid Lodge, A. F. & A. M., was organized Nov. 13, 1877, and chartered Sep. 12, 1878, with James Noble, W. M.; Robert A. Steven- son, S. W., and William B. Lindsay, S. W., with W. W. Hoare, J. B. Watson, T. H. Bateman, James FuUarton, William J. Johnston, Dr. E. Nugent, M. Springer, .John English, George Mansfield, William Dewar, W. .r. Dyas, D. M. Telford, Alexander Bradley, James M. Campbell, John Irwin, William H. Armstrong, Iknjamin Paine, Charles Carroll, William Rapley and James AI. Banghart. The masters have been : — James Noble, R. A. Stevenson, John Paine, Cyrus Bi.xel, Benjamin Paine, J. P. Whitehead and George Macbeth. lieaver Chapter, No. 74, was chartered August 9, 1876. The members were : — James Noble, J. W. Squire, G. L. Cutten, John Irwin, E. Lounsburv, J. T. Craig, Samuel Lauler, George Orchard, W. H. ArnLstrong, J. ]\J. Banghart, William Dewar, J. B. Watson and Isaac Huber. The list of first-principals is as follows : — James Noble, 1870 ; James M. Banghart, 1878 ; J. H. Watson, 1879 ; James Noble, 1880 ; Benjamin Paine, 1881 ; W. H. Grant, 1882-3. For the last five years this Chapter has been in a dormant state, but still retains its charter. Howard Lodge, No. 58, Independent Order of Oddfellows, was chartered March, 17, 1870, with the following-named members: — Henry Nicholson, Edward Kinder, George Wood, A. G. Mclnto.'^h, Hugh McColl, John Gibbard. The past-grands elected semi-annually since the date of the charter, arc : — Heiu'y Nicholson, Edward Kinder, dead ; Hugh McColI, Wm. Chalmers, away ; V. L. Harrison, John R. Clarke, J. C. Cooper, Manitoba ; Hector Urquhart, D. M. Ti;lford, Win- nipeg; Jas. Fullerton, California; Chas. Greenaway, (Jeo. M. Francis, Port Arthur ; J. AV. Baskerville, P. H. Johnson, W. II. Ewer, Mani- toba; Wm. Fraser, Detroit; Jas. IJobbs, Califoiiiia; John Robson, Chatham ; H. Uniuhart, John I.ynam, in United States ; Rich. Wal- lace, in Sarnia; Jas. D. Bowley, G. NL, of Manitoba; Geo. Wilson, Woodstock ; F. W. Meek, Dan. Jones, away ; Isaac Wilkinson, L Corkindale, in Toronto ; P. H. Johnson, T. ]\I. Camj)b('ll, W. S. Mur- dock, W B. Wilkinson, W. H. Moore, here ; .Jolin Miu'doch, here ; Wm. T. Gunn, here ; W. H. Pike, here ; E. J. Moore, States ; Robt. F. Richardson, here ; Richard J. Avery, here. Major John Irvine has been jjcrmanent .secretary for thirteen years, while C. Greenaway has served as recording secretary for over twelve years. Fidelity Encampment is almo.st as old as the Lodge nS. The Chief Patriarchs since 1872 are named as follows : — Wm. Chalmers, J. R. Clarke, James FuUartfjn, H, Urquhart, I). M. Telford, Chamberlain, J. C. Cooper, P. H. Johnson, R. Diprose, C. Greenaway, M. Springer, give ancc six mo paid to fits, 85 1888, W. Ba; son, Di E Mil Court. Str; COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX. 437 D. McVicar, .lames llobbs, John Lyman, George Wilson, W. Eraser J. D. ]]o\vley, Y. W. Meek, G. U. Francis, J. H. Cook, W. F. Snell (2), G. Greenaway, F. L. Harrison (2), J. Murdock, .1. Wilkinson (5), and W. F. Snell. The charter members, Augnst 1, 1872, were : — Wm. Chalmers, Jas. ('. Cooper, John R. Clarke, Jas. Fullarton, D.M.Tel- ford, F. L. Harrison, P. H. Johnson, A. G. Mcintosh, James H. Cook and I). M. Decow. Albert Tent, No. 2!l, Knights of the Maccabees, was organized at Strathroy, Dec. 10, 1878, with W. Milner, Ex. Sir K. (}. C, W. Grant, Sir K. C, R. Sullivan, Sir K, L. C, Rev. S. Beswick, J. Lenfestey, S. K. R. K., A. H. Grant, S. K. F. K., H. Urquhart, S. K. Sergeant, A. McLaren, S. K. M. A., F. L. Harrison, T. Oldham and 13. Davis. Felix Tent, Knights of the Maccabees, was instituted in Sept., 1879, by W. D. McGloghlon, of London, the founder of the order. Ex. Sir Knight Commander W. G. Vanstaddoii, of Hammer Tent, the old Tent of Strathroy, assisted. The first officers were James H. Lee, Joseph Bishop, Jos. Alexander, E. W. Brewster, A. G. McVenn, J. C. Diggins, John G. Craig, John Black, D. Gibson, A. "W. Dawson, R. A. Burton and James (Jox. The Foresters' organization is represented by Court Sydenham, named after that branch of Bear (,'reek which runs through the town. The aims and objects of the Order are to provide life insurance, .sick benefits (in case of illness), and in case of a member becoming perma- nently disabled, one-half of the amount of his insurance ; and this they give to each member at about one-half the cost of ordinary life insur- ance in stock comi)anies. From report of the local court here for the six months ending June 30th, 1888, it is learned that $1,08(J.40 were paid to the members, as follows : — Endowment, §1,000 ; funeral bene- fits, $50 ; and six benefits, S36.40. The officers installed in August, 1888, for the ensuing year, are named as follows : — Wm. Hardy, J. W. Baskerville, J. H. Ferguson, John Heard, Alex. Reed, F. L. Ham- son, 1 )r. W. ^V. Hoai'e, Jas. Galloway, Charles Parker, Thomas Wiles, E. Milner, W. E. Todd, the latter being representative to the High Court. Strathroy Temple, No. 34, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized in ISO'.*, and in June the following- named officers were installed by Temple Deputy Bogue : — Bro. ( '. T. ( 'amj)bell. Sister H. P. Verrall, Bro. R. W. Young, Sister (". Hibton, Bro. James Harvey, Bro. R. B. Barber, Bro. G. W. Lammond, Sister C. Montague, Bro. G. Richardson, Sister E. White, Bro. D. Watt, Bro. A. G. Street, Sister Matilda Dell. Victoria Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organ- ized April 28, 1873, with Rev. D. Baldwin, S. J. Yokes, Geo. Gordon, James i>arne,s, T. A. Lenfestey, Geo. Wheatley, 1 ). Hawkins, Lewis, James Thompson. D. (Junn, and H. ]\IcColl, officers. Royal Valley Lodge, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized in March, 1874, being the second lodge of the order here. i m '■' M i Pi 438 IIISTOUY OF XHE The officers in order of rank then elected, were : — J. W. Ijaskerville, W. B. Colter, Gideon Adams, T. A. Lenfestey, M. C. Lyndo, Ohas. Colter, Jas. Lamont, Geo. Tanton, T. G. LeGallee, E. Wright, David Zavitz, A. C. Brown, L, Corkindale, and J. W. Baskerville, temple deputy. The Men's Red Ribbon Club was organized August 7, 1877, with the following officers : — President, P. Morrison ; 1st vice-president, Geo. Steer; 2nd vice-jiresident, Wm. Geary, 3rd vice-president, John Ellis ; secretary, G. H. Urquhart ; treasurer, Wm. Rowles ; financial secretary, John Jay ; steward, D. Roblin ; marshals, W. R. Jury, and H. W. Healey ; sergeant-at-arms, Jas. Parks ; executive committee, R. McGowan, John Keys, C. Colter, L. Corkiudale, A. E. Hare, John Mitchell, and Zachariah Frank. The Women's Red Ribbon Club was organized at the same time, with the following officers : — President, Sister Man tiers ; secretary, Sister Parsons; treasurer, Sister Steer; financial secretary, Sister Lenfestey. The Mechanics' Institute was organized in November, 1872, with George W. Ross, president ; Dr. E. G. Edwards, vice-president ; D. M. Cameron, secretary and treasurer ; B. O'Byrne, C. G. Scott, F. J. Craig, H. McColl, B. H. Rothwell, J. Rutherford, Dr. Thomson, M. Smitii and T. H. Bateman, directors. The institute was opened January 17, 1873. The following is the list of the presidents of the Institute from the date of the opening in 1872 : — J. S. Small, Dr. Edwards, G. W. Ross, John English, D. M. Cameron, each serving one year ; R. Dickenson, from 1877 to 1881; D. W, Vary, R. Nicholson, John Heard, Benjamin Paine, H. D. Johnson, David Evans, each one year, and J. E. Wetherell, in 1887 and 1888. Hiram Dell was first librarian, succeeded by Mr. Drew. In 1S79, C. Greenaway was elected secretary, and succeeded Mr. Drew as librarian. The total number of volumes in library for years 1881 to 1887 inclusive, is given as follows :— 1698, 179(j, 1944, 203.^, 2392, 2r.24, 2G67. The Board of Trade was organized in June, 1874, with Alexander Johnston, president ; J. B. Cummins, vice-ju'esident ; S. G. Chamber- lain, secretary; J. S. Small, J. D. Dewan, C. Grist, I). M. Telford, W. T. Pcarce, John English, H. Scull, D. M. Cameron, F. J. (Jraig, W. J. Dyas, H. ]\IcColl, D. M. Decow, D. W. Vary, M. Springer' and R. Pincombe, directors ; John English, J. B. Cummins, Irving Pool and W. H. Murray, delegates to the Dominion Board of Trade meeting at St. Johns, N. B. The (jatholic Mutual Benefit AssociatioTi was organized January 24, 1880, by Deputy Director Samu';l R. Brown. The first ofticers were : — Rev. J. P. Molphy, chaplain , J. 1). Dewan, president ; James Healy and H. Koppleberger, vice-prc'sidents ; Patrick O'Keefe, treasur- er ; Patrick O'Dwyer, recorder ; Caraello Turpain, financial secretary ; John Hart, marshal ; Thomas Gray, guard ; Messrs. Mallow, O'Dwyer, Brady, Henderson and Healy, trustees. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 439 St. George's Society may be said to have been organized December 6, 18()9, when a preliminary meeting to form a society in Strathroy was held at Prangley's Hotel. The following enrolled their names: — Messrs. W. llapley, R. ('. Manners, John A. Scoone, Wm. Crone, R. Baker, T. Richardson, W. H. Ewer, James Wright, Joseph Lucking, C. T. Portwood, G. Hilton, Robert Richardson, W. B. Walker, Wra. Long, James Cox, T. Manbey, G. Richardson, John J. Hlwer, G. A. Wood, C. Greenaway, G. Prangley, G. Orchard and S. Wilkins. Musical societies under one name or another have always existed here. The j)hilharmotiic in later years has held its organization well together, and in October, 188S, reorganized with the following named otiicers : — President, W. Dewar; vice-president, L. H. Dampier; secre- tary-treasurer, .1. Pool ; connuittee, Sykes, Matthew.s, Snell and Mait- land ; director, H. E. Maitland. The Horticultural Society, presided over in 1878-9 by John B. Watson, with H. McColl, secretary, presented the second annual report that year. There were 108 members. In that year also the West Middlesex Agricvdtural Society erected a new hall, 70 x 30 feet. The directors elected were : — James Macklin, Wm. Gott, John Ogden, T. S. Challoner, Wm. J. Gibson, D, W. Vary, Rev. R. Scobie, Dr. W. Bettridge, and David Waite. The society was organized July 25, 1877, when the following-named otiicers were chosen : — President, E. L. Cutten ; vice-president, .1 . H. Watson ; secretary and treasurer, H. McColl ; directors, J. S. Macrault, William Gott, J. H. Cook, John Ogden, James Macklin, A. Stewart, Wm. J. (iibson, H. E. Ketchum, W. H. Armstrong ; auditors, W. E. LaChance, and R. Dumbrill. The West Middlesex Agricultural Society dates its active existence to the year 18()1, wlien ten acres, a half mile south-west from the cen- tre of Strathroy, were purchased from the Trust and Loan Co., at .S25 per acre. In 186") a neat building was erected on the grounds, and that year the fall fair claimed success. Derry Lodge, O. Y. B., was organized December l.S, 1876, with Wm. Colter, W. M. ; E. Dickens, D. M. ; C. A. Rothwell, secretary ; F. Evans, treasiu'er; Stansfield, chaplain ; John Lenfestey, Wm. Pike, R. McGowan and E. Filraore, first, second and third committee- men and inner tyler. The Excelsior Base Ball Club was in existence in 1870-1, with M. B. Saxton, president ; Isaac Moore, vice-president ; John H. Mcintosh, secretary ; John Irwin, treasurer ; J. Rapley, \V. H. Kalus and 6. Richardson, jr., directors. The Strathroy Rifle Association was organized in November, 1870, with Lieut.-Colonel Atwood, president ; Cameron, secretary. The Strathroy Debating and Literary Society was organized in February, 1874. The Strathroy Teachers' Association was organized in 1802, and the 17th animal meeting was held February 20, 1879. This is one of the oldest associations of teachers in Western Ontario. 440 HISTORY OF THE Banlcs. — The Canadian Bank of t'ommevce was oponed in A])ril, 1868, with J. S. Small, manager. He continued as sucli until 1876, when he was succeeded by A. H. Ireland, who acted only a short time, and then Jeflery Hale was manager until 1878, when J. S. Small again became manager and continued until 1887, since which time L. H. Dumpier has acted in that capacity. The present accountant is Frederick Lawson. James Manson, a native of Scotland, came to Strathroy in 1856, and began business with Wm. Kapley. In 1867 he opened his bank, and in 1871 built his residence there. Alex. Johnston, born in Adelaide, in 1842, opened a store at Strathroy in 1860. Eight years later he established a bank there. A branch of the St. Lawrence Bank was ojiened at Strathroy, March 11, 187."), with J. C. P. Phillips manager, being the first branch in this county. This house continued business here until the fall of 1875. In January, 1876, a branch of the Federal Bank of Canada was opened, with (Jharlos Murray of the London oflice in temporary charge. The oHice of the old St. Lawrence Bank was used as the ofhce until new buildings were erected in 1877 at the corner of Front and Frank streets, opposite the Cutten House, and in front of the residence of John Frank. W. T, Smith was manager until January, 1888, when business ceased. The bank of E. Rowland & Co. was established in Strathroy, Jan. 1, 1876. James Healyand John Shields constitute the company. Tiie bank has a net surplus of $70,000. Frederick Hughes is the ac- countant. The Traders' Bank of Canada was located at Strathroy, antl began business in April, 1888, with W. Thomson Smith as manager, and John Pool, accountant ; being the second branch of the bank in Alid- dle.sex. Railroad Projects. — Two years after the first settlement of Ade- laide, and about the time the Buchanan mill was erec;ted at Stnithrov. a propo.sition to build a road from Hamilton to I^ake Huron was mad ; but the matter was found impracticable. In 1857, a project to build a railroad from Strathroy to Lake Huron, was set on foot by R. C. Man- ners and Timothy Cook; but the scheme was abandoned, and London reaped the benefit of the revival at that point. The "Western is now the property of the Grand Trunk Railroad Company, and is used as the direct line between Ciiicago and New York. Later, the Sarnia branch of the Great Western Railroad was completed. In August, 1870, the first telegraph office, other than the railroad office, was opened for the Montreal Company in T. J. Geary's drug store. A year later the Dominion Company opened an office here, with John Lenfestey in charge. The Port Franks, Strathroy and Port Stanley Railroad ('ompany was formed in November, 1874. A number of citizens of Stratliroy, 1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 441 Caradoc, Ekfrid, Adelaide and Metcalfe, with residents of Larabton and Elgin counties, formed the board of provisional directors, John B. ( hunrains being ])resident, and S. G. Chamberlain, secretary. A line was surveyed to Port Franks in l-Sny,- of which Engineer Jas. Keating had the survey maiJS in 187"). Manufacturing ludustries. — A reference to the list of fires which have swej)! over the town will ])oint out a number of old industrial buildings which have disappeared. The Strathroy Labor-saving Soap Works were completed by E. Tomlinson in May, 1871. The September fire destroyed the works. In August, 1871, D. M. Lamb, of Strathroy, projected his anti- friction wheel for ploughs, and in the trial on the Kittredge farm showed a difference of 175 pounds in draught when the wheel was attached. The patent sandstone, patented in 1872 by Milner & Campbell, and manufactured at their stove works on Caradoc street, was used for facings in the .store buildings erected in 1873 for W. H. Murray, G. W. Koss, Gunn & Telford, James O'Connor's American Hotel, James English's, Dr. Thompson's, James Manson's, and Mr. Stepler's resi- dences, Beattie's malting house, and the block erected on Frank street for J. S. Loughead, G. A. Mann, David Ross and D. 15. (Jarapbell. The steam brick-works, originally established by Dr. McKellar, were operated by Messrs. McTaggart, D. B. Campbell and D. A. Campbell in May, 1872. Strathroy Knitting (."o. began business here in 1875, ten years after its establishment at Ancaster. The president of the compatiy is .Tarae.s Watson, wlio now resides at Hamilton, and the manager is William DeMar. Prior to 1875 they were engaged in the manufacture of woollens at Ancaster, and the mill there was the pioneer knitting mill of Canada, but burned in 1875. The factory employs l.SO people, and pays out ill wages S'"),00() per month. The manufactures here are ladies', ginitlemen's and children's underwear. The mill has a capacity of :i5,()00 to 40,000 dozen per annum, and valued at $75,000 to .^200,- 000, In October, 187'), a meeting of the stockholders in the Strathroy Woollen Manufiicturiiig Co. was held to consider moans for adjusting the liabilities of the company. President J. D. Dewan stated that the liabilities were .^110,000. The Strathroy Manufacairing Cc. was incorporated in 188tj, with Charles Grist, president; W. J, Dyas, vice-president; James H. English, manager, and A. A. Cockburn, secretary. The buildings were erected by F. J. Craig, in 1870, immediately after the fire which destroyed his old foundry. He carried on the manufacture of agricul- tural implements up to 1884-5, when Mr. Craig moved to Sarnia to establish his business there. Thj building reraanied unused until occupied by the present company in 1886. This company now own the buildings. The value of annual product ranges from $25,000 to 442 HISTORY OF THE $30,000. The factory employs from 15 to 20 men, and finds a market for their rakes, snaths, cradles, handles, horse pokes and turned woods, througliout the Dominion. The Pincombe Flourin,!:,' Mill, of Strathroy, was erected in 1872, by Richard Pincombe, at a cost of S18,0()(), and in ISSli, the stone mill was replaced by the "Holler Process," at a cost of S12,0(iO, and now lias a capacity of one hundred and seventy-five barrels ])er day. Air. Pincombe o])erates a stave and lieading factory and coojjcr shop, thus making his own flour ban-els. The annual product of the mill is very large, and finds extensive sale in many ])ortions of the Lower Provinces. Mr. Pincombe ]>ays out in wages from $12.") to S175 per week. K. Nicholson's planing-mill, located on ( 'aradoc street, was built about 187;>, and in 1878 the present brick building was erected. M. Bixel & Son's lager beer brewery was established in 1^72 by Henry Large, who was succeeded by Mr. Beatty. Tn 187;") the brewery became the propenly of M. Bixel, who was the first to manu- facture lager beer in Western Ontario. There are other industries here, not of a manufacturing character, which should claim some attention. In November, 1887, a special train of twenty-four cars left Strathroy, each car carrying 10,500 dozens of egg.s, making a total of 2")2,000 dozens, or 3,024,000 eggs. During the season one dealer purchased 800,000 dozens, or 9,600,000 eggs, in that neighborhood. The operator of this extensive egg-ship- ping house died in October, 1888. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 443 CHAPTER XV. ADKLAIDK TOWNSHIP. Adelaide Township is bounded on the west by Lambton County, south by Metcalfe, south-east and east by Caradoc and Lobo, and north by West and East Williams. The streams of the township are small feeders of Bear Creek running south-ea.st and of the Aux Saubles flow- ing north-west. The population of Adelaide in May, 1888, was placed by the assessor at 2,613 ; but the actual count of all persons then in the township may be j^laced at 2,9()3. The latter figure covers the additions made by the township clerk in his revision, such as era])loye3 in brickyards and cheese-factories, as well as the inmates of tl\e House of Keftige. Adelaide was settled in 18.">2 by the Blakes, Mahons, and other Irishmen, who made their central village at the Town of Adelaide, and in the Katesville neighborhood. In the sketch of Wm. H. Blake, who shortly after moved from his farm to study law, and became the first chancellor of Ui)per Canada ; references are made to this peculiar colony. Among the members who remained, were : — Col. Radcliffe, Major Mc- Kenzie, and Adjutant Thompson, all good subjects of his majesty ; but the actual workers were : — John Stuiirt iiuchanan, Hiram Dell, a num- ber of Irish peasants, and a few members of the middle class, who were forced to surrender their homes to the greed of Lord Mt, P^dgecombe. Among the pioneers of Adelaide, whose names appear in the list of the leading residents of 1838, are : — Thomas Evoy, a native of the county in 1826 ; the Morgan family ; George Buttery, Wm. Brown, Jolni S. Hoare, Dugan Woods, the Dugans, George B. Ivor, Robert Miller, Hiram Dell, John Gallaher, Patrick Mee, William Miller, David Rap- ley, D. M. Thompson and his sons, Wm. Treele, the RadclilTes, all set- tlers of 1832 ; Robert Thompson, and John Mineely, 1833 ; John Wiley, jr., 1835 ; John McPherson, 1834; Edward Upton, 1836 ; John Morgan, and the Eastmans, 1837 ; Patrick Walsh, 1838 ; Wm. Dowd- ing, 1839 ; A. Preston, and Wm. Murdock, 1842 ; Wm. Chapman, Wm. Ireland, and James Thompson, 1843; Joseph Keyser, 1844; Jonas Jury, 1845 ; Joseph Galbraith, 1847 ; and Charles Donn, 1849. Geo. B. Ivor and James Cuddy were the first settlers in 1832. Where Rev. Dominick E. Blake's house stood is now a rubbish heap. In 1832, when Hiram Dell settled in Adelaide Township, there were only five families in the township. John Keays, wife, one daughter and three sons (Keays was an Irishman and a pensioner) ; John Buttery, wife and five children, resided on the second line, second concession, near J. S. Buchanan, who resided on the third con- cession. Avery, his wife and child, lived at Buchanan's house; and a squatter, his wife and one or two children, resided near by. !l 444 HI3T0UY OK THE Hiram Dell, the pioneer tnerchant of Strathroy, writinj^ under date Juno 15, 1872, says : — '' It is just forty years a<^o to-day since I first set my foot in the Township of Adelaide. ♦ * * We had nothin<^ but a blazed line, where the surveyors had gone throu<,'h, and had to choose otjr lots by the numbers that were cut on the stakes. There were four of us : I was just turned twenty-one years, and the oldest. I hadnothinf]; but an axe, S."), some clothes and bedding. The first thing to be done was to build us a house. We madi; it twenty feet long by twelve feet wide ; split out basswood boards for a floor, — they were about four inches thick. We put the round sides down, and straightened the edges with our axe. If we got them close enough together so that wo could not get our foot through, it would do. The next thing was to roof our house. The bark of a large basswood sui)plied the material. To build the chimney and fire-i)lace, we procured two crooked sticks about six feet long each, which we flattened. One end we placed in a crevice in the log wall about two feet from the ground ; the other rested on a beam across the house. Flat sticks and mud formed the building material for the chimney, while the floor was built far out from the fire-])lace. To make seats, a small basswood tree was cut down, cut in two feet lengths, each length split in the centre, and two holes bored at each end on the rough side, and then we drove round sticks for legs ; tliese legs were then cut in equal lengths, so that when we stood them up they looked for all the world like a frozen hog stood on all fours." In this house the four foresters cooked alternately. Hiram ])resented the brothers one day with a fat doe, the meat of which was u,sed at the four meals. At that time Woodhull's mills, fourteen miles distant, supplied flour at the rate of one dollar for forty jjounds. On one occasion he met there a ])ioneer neighbor, his son, fifteen years, and daughter, sixteen years. They had purchased one hundred pounds of flour, of which the father was to carry fifty a dreary journey of sixteen miles, and each of the children twenty- five pounds. Mr. Dell sympathized with the girl, and taking her share of the flour carried it fourteen miles for her. Sometime later a ])oor woman and her son came to the Dell cabin at night. They had been to the mill and carried with them fifty pounds of corn meal. The snow was two feet deej), so that the woman had to break the road for five of the fourteen miles. Of cour.se, the Dells provided them with deer skins and gave them a place near the fire. Next morning she started for her home, .seven miles away; but one and one-half miles from Dell's cabin she slipped off a log into the stream, and her cries attracted a pioneer who lived close by. He took her to his cabin and loaned her a paii" of pantaloons to push homewards. Previous to 1832 the site of Strathroy was a pine forest. A tract of 181 acres was granted by the CIrown to James Buchanan, the British Consul at New York, who, in that year, conveyed his grant to John Stewart Buchanan. The same year Adelaide Township was taken up by a commissary, who arrived at Katesville, three miles west of Strath- COUNTY OK MlI>I)I,i:SlX ur> roy, on I'.e river Sydenham, with 150 followers. Tlio village of Ade- laide became the centre of this colony. The streets were named after thoroughfares in London, and the club-house and theatre also named after similar institutions in the old English town. Of course, tlie whole all'air, like its ])rojectore, was foreign to the Canadian woods, where life had to be real and earnest, so that the village of Adelaide did not long survive its establishment (German, 1879). William Ilume Blake was born at the English Church rectory, Kittegan, Wicklow (.lounty, Ireland, in 1809; stutlied nuHlicino and surgery at Dublin ; married his cousin, Catherine Hume, with whom aiul his elder brother ho came to (Janada in 1X32, when ins brother was ajjpointed English rector for Adelaide Township and district. Wm. Hume ])urchased a farm at the place now allied Sydenham, near Mount Hope. During his short term there he was compelled to walk to the blacksmith sho]) for harrow pins. Finding them too heavy to carry, he attached them to a chain, which he ])laced round his breast, and in this manner hauled the iron load homt;. In 18o.'> he fled from the wilderness and, iailing in nuidicine, studied law. In 18."{7 he was a])pointed paymaster for the troops, and the same year was admitted to the P>ar. In 1847 he was elected to represent East Y^jrk, and be- came solicitor-general in the Lafontaine-Baldwin Goverinnent. Every- thing was reformed; and in 1849 he was appointed Vice -Chancellor. His death took place November 17, 1870. E2, died Nov. 20, 1881. He was postmaster at Adelaide village for the forty years preceding his death. One of his daughters married Mr. McKenzie, the county clerk. Mrs. Jane Rivers, widow of Sergeant Rivers, of the 82nd Infantry, who settled in War- wick in 1832, died Oct. 8, 1877, aged 88 years, at the house of her daughter, Mrs. Crone. Thomas Holden, who died at Brockway, Mich., in August, 1877, settled near Strathroy, in 1832. He moved to Michigan in 1865. James, one of his sons, held the homestead where the House of Refuge now stands, u[) to 1 879. John N. Ashbee, who immigrated and settled in Adelaide in 18.S2, died in Caradoc in February, 1875. Mrs. Ann Thompson, formerly Mrs. Thomas Harrison, one of the first settlers in the Melrose neighborhood, died in Adelaide in February, 1874. Her first husband died thirty-five years, and her second hus- m 44() HISTOHY OF TIIK biiiid fifteen years, before this })ioiieer woman. Alex. Johnston, l)orn in Tyrone County, Ireland, in 1810, died in Adelaide on March 18, 1880. In 18;U, he came to (Janada, and, in 1836, settled on lot (i, concession ."'>, Adelaide. Clnistopher Cornell, a native of Liniericlv, Ireland, died at Strathroy in 1883. He settled on the Lon<^\vond road in 1828. In 1837 he served ayainst the Patriots, and, in 1875 moved into Strathroy. The liol<,'ers and Donnellys settled near the township line in 1832. They were from Kildare and Wicklow Counties resju'ctively. Mrs. David (Bradley) Wiley, was born in Dublin County, Ireland, in 1811. She came with her husband to (yanada in 1834, and settled in the wilderness of Adelaide. In 1875 the family moved to Strathroy. James Murray, a native of Ireland, who settled in Cobourf;, Canada, in 1832, and in 1834 in Adelaide, of which he was a Commissioner in 1885, died June 23, 1875. He served against the Patriots in 1837-8. Charles Napper, who settled at Strathroy in 1835, moved to Michi- gan in 1872. In 1836, Patrick Mee married a daughter of a Waterloo veteran. Miss Cruminer, wlio settled in Adelaide in 1832. In 1837 she accompanied her volunteer husband to Amherstburg, carrying her child in her arms. Wm. Nettleton, who came from Ireland and set- tled north of Strathroy about 1830, was living there in 1877, aged eighty years. James Cooper, who settled west of Strathroy in 183(i, lived there in 1877. He was born in 1792. Anthony Preston, a resident of Adelaide for about forty years, mov- ing thither from Metcalfe, wliere his parents lived, died in July, 1878, aged sixty-two years. .lohn and Richard Morgan, pioneers of Ade- laide, died in April, 1882. For a time they lived in Enniskillen, but in 1837 moved to Adelaide. John Morgan, of Adelaide, was born there in 1837. Mrs. Jane Healy, born in Cork County, Ireland, in 1840, settled near the western line of Middlesex County in 1841, and died at her son's home in Strathroy, March 5, 1880. William Murdock came from Mayo, Ireland, to Adelaide in 1842, with his parents. Robert Cowan, who died July 31, 188G, was a native of Ireland, but a resident of Middlesex for over forty years. Samuel and Jane Farly, who came to Canada from Mayo Co., Ireland, in 1846, settled in the southern part of Adelaide. Rachel Jacobs, widow of Eben. Perry, who died in 1870, aged 83 years, resided at Strathroy in 1876 in her 83rd year, Jane Marsh, widow of David Demary, resided near Arkona in 1876, aged 92 years. Mary Richard- son, who maiTied A. G. Street, in 1820, and a widow since 1844, settled near Strathroy in 1847, and in 1877 was 86 years of age. Eliza Ann Jones, of Ekfrid, formerly of Strathroy, died iu August, 1883. She was the daughter of CoL Wm. Saxton, one of the pioneers of western Ontario. Thomas Hand was bom in Monaghan Co, Ireland, in 1815; in 1837 emigrated to Kingston, and took part in quelling the rebellion of that year. In 1855 came to Strathroy, where for a number of years he canied r army ar of the U (ieo. in Warv Strathroi on the '( engaged resided n of Sarnue West, a r Adelaide Mrs. '. and .settle eur, who, died at St sixty year trad(>, luid roy, where nee Emily resident oi Thoma migrated ( where his of Rev. I Eebruary, : Strathroy, i In 185' in Green's : Policy in a i block. His of Adelaide years and a 1883, came opening a ,st and Robert Official . of Clerk Mil comjirised :- Dell and Thi Hiram Dell, tors. In Fg JVIiller and ot Adelaide vill met at vario road ; Mi-s. village. .Jan 1837, was gw COUNTY OF MIUDLKSKX. 447 of fte caiTied on the boot and shoe business, but in 1802 jciined the Federal iirniy and served nn tlie war shij) Allan Collier, and was a pensioner of the U. S. up to his death in Sejit., 1S88. (leo, J. Brown, who died at Watford, September 28, 188.5, settled in Warwick in 1847. In 1854 he opened a land agency ofiiccs at Strathroy, was notary and aflidavit coniniissioner. In December, IBHO, on the opening,' of the Sarnia branch, he returned to Watford and engaged in the hotel business. Catherine, widow of Wm. Matthews, resided near Strathroy in 1877, aged 85 years. Mary Cutler, widow of Samuel Garity, resided at Wanfleet in 1877, aged 8;") years. .Fohn West, a resident of Canada for over fifty years, was living in North Adelaide in 1877, aged 84 years. Mrs. Mary Coy, who with her husband came to Canada in 18.")5 and settled at Strathroy, died in -lanuary, 187"). She was an accouch- eur, who, it is said, never lost a case in 4,0(10. John I). Lanier, who died at Stratlnoy in Marcli, 1879, w.as born in Westminster township sixty years and five months previously. He learned the blacksmith trad(% and for twenty-two years he carried on a carriage shop at Strath- roy, where for several years he served in the Council. Mrs. E. H. Smith, 7i('« Emily M. Brennan, died July 1(1, 1879, aged 44 years; being a re.sident of Strathroy for twenty five years. Thomas Lenfcstey, born at La Bordage, Guernsey Island, in 1814, migrated to New York in 1834, and settled at Strathroy in 18(13, where his wife died in 18(14, and himself in 1883, Mrs. Hardy, wife of Eev. Daniel Hardy, died at Mrs. Saxton's house, Strathroy, in February, 1880. .Tames Harvey, who for eighteen years resided at Strathroy, died in June, 1871. In 1857, William T. Pearce came from England, and was employed in Green's retail store at London. In 18().j he was a partner of Alvin I'oUey in a dry goods store at Strathroy. In 1878 he erected the Albert block. His death took place on September 26, 1880. John Fergr.son, of Adelaide, who died in August, 1877, was town clerk for fourteen years and a resident for thirty years. Wm, Cameron, who died in Aug., 1883, came from Scotland to London in 1857, and to Strathroy in 18(11, opening a store where the Lochfine block now .stiinds. In 1866 he and Kobert llichie bought Albert Hayden's boot an shoe business. Official History. — The oldest record of Adelaide, now in possession of Clerk Miller, is dated Jan. 21, 1850. The Council at that time comprised : — Patrick Mee, reeve ; Timothy Cook, John Hoare, Adam Dell and Thomas Cuddy. John A. Scoone, sr., was appointed clerk; Hiram Dell, collector ; Anthony Preston and James Abernethy, audi- tors. In February, a petition signed by Anthony Preston, William Miller and others, asking that a tax be levied for building a school in Adelaide village, was received and granted. The Council at this time met at various places — John Wiley's, on lot 3, ,*outh of Egreraont road; Mrs. Westlake's, lloyal Adelaide Inn, still standing in the village. James Murray, who was collector of Adelaide from 1834 to 1837, was granted extra remuneration in the latter year. Ii 448 HISTORY OF THE "V/'illiam Miller was appointed assessor in 1838 or 1839, after his return from Windsor, where he served against the Patriots, The first year's collections did not more than pay the collector and assessor, but during the ensuing twelve or fifteen years, he saw the township make steady advances. Among the early Councillors were : — Patrick Mee, John A. Scooue, James Keefer, Hiram Dell, Timothy Cook, John Jiuttery and AVm. Freele. liichard AJcCutcheon was the first clerk of the township in 1842. John A. Scoone served up to 1852, when Mayor W. lladclitVe was appointed. In ISn'S, John A. Scoone was re-v,iected, and served to the close of isr)6. Anthony Preston served as clerk from 1857 to his death in July, 1878, when William Miller, a pioneer of 18:)2, was at once appointed. The present Town Hall was erected in 1874. Fires and Accidents. — The fire of Sei)tembe/ 10, 187M, on the Fourth Line of Adelaide, resulted in the destruction of .fohn Shepard's house ond the burning to death of his youngest daughter. Edward Webb was drowned at Katesville in May, 1874. While bathing, he was drawn into the whirlpool. A little daughter of John Morgan, of Ade- laide, was burned to death in July, 1878, during the destruction of liichard Morgan's barn. August Lepage, a workman in McPherson's mill, Adelaide, was killed during tlie destruction of that mill-building in the .storm of July, 1879. In November, 1885, William Walker, was killed by lightning at Mcintosh's gate, near Adelaide village. Arthur Brock, who was with him, was stunned. In Novem- ber, 1876, Melvin Yeager, Angus McDougall and William Near, counterfeiters, were arrested and charged before Squire Eadclilfe. One of their factories was at Katesville, where babbitt medal, old watch • cases and other medals were coined in plaster of jjaris moulds. Uev. ,Iohn Stonehouse, Methodist min.ster, of Adekide, was accused in March, 1888, of blackmail, but released on bai^ ^^v Magistrate Noble. The methods adopted by him are said to be mo*. and oidy possible under such a law as the Scott Act. Adelaide Village. — The population of the village of Adelaide in 1888 is estimated at 180. The business circle com])rises the general stores of W. J. Brock and .1. S. Hoare ; James Down's saw mill; George Kelly's hotel : J. T. West. James Freele and Jfi,mes Aber- nethy, shoemakers ; vieorge Hodj,son, blacksmith ; James Austin, cai-penter, and Thomas Brock, postmaster. Lord Montcashel owned a large acreage of wild land in Adelaide and Warwick in 1851, and even later. Adelaide Village then con- tained about 150 inliabitants and one English Church building. Adelaide, in 1857, claimed 200 inhabitants, among whom were : — Wm. Cooper, owner of steam grist mill ; Wm. Bray, J. S. Hoare, Wm. Macklin, iiobert Atkinson, John Ivor, Kobert Murruy and John Stan- ley, store and inn-keepers ; James Abernethy, George Freel, Anthony Preston and 'ohn West, shoemakers ; John MoGarvey and Edv/iu Parker, blacksmiths ; James Eitzpatrick and Charles Hall, tailors ; COUNTY OF MIDDLK.SKX. 44y Wm. Clelford and James l^rett, car|ientcrs ; Kov. Artliur Mortimer, of the English Chnrcii ; Kobert I'cgley, magistrate ; Thomas Sadler, harness maker, and J. S. Hoare, ])ostmaster. Mr. Hoare settled here in lS;)li, and was appointed postmaster in l(S41, and served imtil his deatli, November 20, 1881. Oddfellotvuhip. — Kgremont Lodge, No. 207, I. 0. 0. F., was organ- ized at Adelaide, Jvdy 2C, 1871, wiiu the followins^-named oflicers ; — T. W. Evans, N. G.; d. Coulter, V. G.; A. liogers,>.. S.; G. Hodgson, r. S.; E. Au.stin, Treasurer; A. Weir, Warden; .). S. Hoare, (.'onductor. Pud Ofice. — Colonel Thomas lladelitie, who came from Ireland, in 18o2, was the first jiostmaster. He was succeeded by liichard W^indsor, who held the office for some years, when .Fohn Hoare was appointed master, and held the ott'ce until his death. George Hoare continued the office until 188(i, v-hen Thomas Brock was aj)])ointed. Early Schuols. — William Miller taught the first school in the township, in a log hous(! on lot five, concession three, north of Egre- mont, on Sijuire Cuddy's laiuu. From this humble beginning the school system sjjread out until it has reached the proportions ascribed to it in the chapter on .schools. Churches. — Kev. Benjamin Cronyn was appointed i.io' first rector of Adelaide in 1832, but was succeeded by Ilev. D. E. Blake in 18."M. During his incumbency, four churches were erected in the mission, one a' Adelaide, one at Strathroy, one oti the 10th con. of Metcalfe, near Napier, and the 4th at Katesville, the last three Vjeing chapels of Adelaide Pari,sh. In 1842, £(18 l'.)s. were collected for building the churches at Katesville and in Metcalfe. In 1845, Kev. A. ]\Iortimer presided over the churches. Rev. A. S. Falls had charge of the church at Adelaide in 1859, R. lientley, of Katesville, was one of the leadin" members. In I860 he attended St. John's, St. Mary's and St. Catherines, and in 18(16, St. Mary's, Napier. In 18G9, Rev. J. Kennedy succee'lc?d him. In 1833 a fi'ame building was erected at Adelaide village for church ])urposes, and the year after a rectory was built on a glebe of 200 acres. In 18((8 a brick house took the }»lace of the frame of 1833, which, in 1837 was used as a barracks by the Government troops. The old rectory has been removed, the lauds sold for ^7,700, and the interest of that sum is annually piiid to the rector. A heap of rubbish marks its site. The first nuirriage recorded is that of Timothy Lemar to Mary Atjbott, by license, Oct. 5, 1833 ; the first bai)tism is that of Letitia, daughter of Georj-e Ivor, Sept. 29,1833; and the first death that of James Lee, Nov. 28, 18;{3. Rev. Wm. Hinde is the present rector. The Catholic Church of Adelaide is almost as ancient as the Eng- lish establishment here. In the early years missioners, among them Fatlier Burke, from Sandwich, and later from Toronto, came among the settlers, finding in that lownshi)) and Warwick the Bolgers, Don- uellys, Major iVfahons, Pugan Woods, the McKinneys, Dugans, Faheys, of Warwick ; some of the Coopers, Atkinsons, and Mees, and later the 1 1 ill I'll'! I i I i I III! U1.II 450 HISTORY OF THE Dewans, Keimys, Fitzpatricks, and Oallivhers. In Adelaide, in 1852, then attended by Dean Kirwan, were Edward Upton, John Dcwan, Patrick Walsh, James Atkinson, of Warwick ; the Faheys, Wood- locks, Gallahers, Mullins, Matthew Stej)hens, Ma<,'nire,s, MctJallums, Dugans, Coojiers, Finns, John liarry, and Henry Cooper, of Metcalfe. The old chnrch buildinj,' is still standing near t\w villajie. The Presbyterian Church of North-east Adelaide was organized in 1872, although a l)nilding was ojjeued for worship October lo, 1871. Among the tirst meml)ers here were : — John Milleken, sen., Sam. Mille- ken, David Sands, Mrs. D. Sands, sens., (.'has. Barton, John Powcl, Hugh Mc(.'hcsiiey, Win. McKeen, John McLellan, and Mrs. Wilson. The otHcers are : — Polders Hugh McChesney ; managers, Sam. Milleken, David Sands, .lolni Milleken, jr., Wm. McKeen.'Charles Bolton ; secre- tary, Sam. Milleken ; treasurer, David Sands. The West Adelaide Presbyterian Cimrch was dedicated September 12, 187'). Hugh Wiley, chairman of the building committee, reported the total cost at $4,4(10. Rev. F. Mcllae was ituhicted ^lastor of both congregations in 1875, serving until 1881, when Rev. John Lees was called. He was inducted ])astor .Fanuary 8, 1882. The Metiiodist New C'onnexion Church of Adelaide was estab- li.^hed in 18;)5, with Henry Johnson, preacher, and sixty-four memlxTs. From 18;)() to 1858 it was included in St. Thomas circuit, and from 1854 to 1858 pfirt of it was in the Ekfrid circuit. In 1859, James Baskerville was preaclier; in 1860-1, with Dr. Wild, now of Toronto, assistant, John H. Simp.son ; in 18(12, Josej)!! Follick ; 18Go-4, Walton Pre.ston ; 18(;5-8, James tiundy; 1869, James Shaw; 1870-1, John Walker; 1872-4, Thomas Jack.son. In 1874 the meml)f rship was 149, althougli in 1868 there were 208 members. The union of this year absorbed the title and membersliij). Adelaide Circuit of the Wesleyan Methodist Church was presided over Vjy Robert Corson, 1847 ; Geo. Kennedy iind John Weljstcir, 1848 ; Ozeas Barber and Joseph Hill, 1849; .lohn Hutchin.son, 1850. In the latttir year there were 2;i7 members, including Strathroy. In 1851, Adelaide! merged into Strathroy circuit, and remained a ]iart thereof until 1868, when it was re-e.stal)lislu'd with Jolm Neelands pastor, who continued until 1870, when l'>. T. White succeeded him. Li 1871-3 John Million was ])astor, with Geo. Dainel, assistant, in 1871, and TIenryE. Hill in 1872. The Methodist Church of Canada resulted from the union of the Wesleyan and New Connexion Societies in 1874, witli Ebi'iu^zer Teskey, minister, and 158 members, scattered through seven a})i)ointments. He was succeeded by Geo. C. Madden, 1875-6 ; Wm Shannon, 1877-9; W.T.Turner, 1880-2; J. Neelands, 188:^.4. Tlie Wesleyan Church on tlie main road, Adelaide, was dediciued Dec. 25, 1870, by Revs. G. Goodson and A. A. Cameron. This enter- j)rise was suggestcnl by Rev. Mr. Neelands, who also suggested the name Bethel for the new l)uilding. Among the members of the old Wesleyan Church in Adelaide, in W a t'J Uj n iiH .11 'X I- a H '--'^«i#^.■'''::;l 'iii".ih' ■ ''■ i!'';v''' ill i!i ",ilili';'i '.I'M !' ;i ' ■■' V ' *"',":ri.l' ill 1 1 i,' i fa ^Qi^.m ::vi'K ''ii'I'i I COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 453 were : — James and Shalto Galloway, Andrew Morrow, Wm. Chap- iiiiiti, David Morgan, T. P. James (18o2), Hugh Seed, George Elliott, Chester and Wm. Miner, the Murdocks, Boltons, James Jones, Thos. Evoy, the Woodwards, Thomas Williams, Mark Mann, John Downer, liobert Colton, William Tinkler, Edward Koland and Jane Roland. In 1841, William Miller preached his first Methodist sermon in the log school-house, opposite the jiresent Bethesda Church. Exhorter ( 'reeley preached the first Methodist sermon in 1832. He also preached at the Porter cabin in Warwick, about 4^ miles from Adelaide village. Lot 4. Con. 2. The first Methodist minister who ever preached in Adelaide, hold services at Mrs. Mary Johnston's house. This old lady is still living in Mnore Township, of Lambton County. The liethesda Methodist Church was built in 1887, to take the place of the old Ebenezer Church, burned over two years ago. The location of the old church was just opposite the house in which Robinson was mur- dered in 1888. The brick building, three miles west of Poplar Hill, was erected in 1870 for the Wesleyan Society. The population of Kerwood, in 1888, is estimated at .SOO. Charles Foster was postmaster, and he, with S. Foster and A. Rogers, wera general merchants ; S. .Jones carried on a boot and shoe store ; T. Lynn, the hotel, and J. J. Jury, the meat-market. Manufactures were represented by George Downing's saw-mill, Ricliaidson's brick and tile- factory, Armstrong's carriage and wagon-shop, and J. Perkin's cheese- fiictory. In 1871 the cheese-factory at Kerwood was opened, with Mr. Richardson in charge ; also one in Adelaide, by Cleverdon & (Jaruthers. St. Paul's English Church, of Kerwood, is contemporary with the village of 1857. Rev. A. S. Falls and the Rev. J. Kennedy were the first rectors. In 1874 the hall in which services were held was destroyed by fire. From this period until July 11,1880, there were no services of this church at Kerwood. On the latter date Rev. Edward Softley, of Brooke and Metcalfe, held a meeting in the Canada Methodist Church, and in October began the work of reorganizing the church. In December a meeting was held at the fourth line school- house, when Isaac Blain was elected clergyman's warden, and Reuben Parker, peojjlc.'s warden, and $150 per year guaranteed the clergyman. Church building followed, and November 27, 1881, ahou.se of worship was opened. The corner stone was placed July 21, 1881, by L. R. Richanlson, of the buikling committee. In F'ubruary, 1881, the con- tract was sold to W. F. Fawcett for §1,850 ; the situ was purchased iVom S. Early for $140. The New ( 'onnexion Methodist Church of Kerwood was dedicated >^ome years ago, immediately after the organization of the Church here ; liut, on the union of the churches, it merged into the Church of Canada. The Methodist Church of Canada at Kerwood dates back to 1875, when John Russell was appointed minister. He was succeeded in 2Q 1 i I'l ijjl '&'' ST Mi it *i: 454 HISTOHY OF THE 1878 by Robert Smylie, and he by W. W. Sparling, in LSSO-1 ; C. Barltrop, 1882-4. Rev. George J. Kerr is the present minister. Keyser claimed a jmpnlation of sixty in 18S0. Tiie post-office was in charge of B. \V. Stephens. John Ilendrick was a cheese manufacturer, and Jacob Keyser carried on the brick and til(>,-factory. In 1870, cheese-factories were established at Keyser's Corners and other places in Western Middlesex. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 455 CHArXER XVI. BIDDULl'II TOWNSHIP. Bicl(lul|ili TowiishiiJ is bouiulud on tlie west by McGillivray Town- slii]) and Huron County; on tlie north by Huron county; on the north- east by Huron County ; and on the cast by that and Perth County ; while the north hue of London Township forms its soutliern boundary. The httle Sauble, known as the " Little Sauble Hiver," flows from the north-east, entering McCillivray south of Clandeboye. South of the main line of the (Jrand Trunk Railroad, Fish Creek, and a tributary of the Thames, flow towards the Thames valley. Geologically, the town- ship belongs to the Goderich salt district. In February, I880, water from th(! well at Hooper's steam saw-mill was found to produce salt by evaporation. At Exeter, thirteen miles from Lucan, a good quality of salt was manufactured. The township, like all others in Ontario, i.g subject to the severe cold of winter. January 1, 18(J4, was the hardest freezing day known for some years ; while December, 1877, was a month as fine as Sep- tember generally is. The ])opulation in 1887 was 2,G97, exclusive of Lucan, which, in May of this year, contained 924 inhabitants. The toUil of the town- ship, outside Lucan, is made up of 956 persons of the F^ngli.sh Church, 819 of the Catholic, 705 of the ]\Iethodist, and 217 of the Presbyterian. The assessor does not include the Salvation Army membership, which is sujjposed to belong to Lucan. IJiddulph, like McGillivray, formed part of Huron county until 1865, when it was attached to Middlesex, provision being made for its exemption from the heavy taxes which then prevailed here for roads and bridges. Its settlement dates back to ISSf), when the Hodginses, Cour- ceys and Atkinsons ])urchased their lands. (Jne or two years prior to that the Norwich (Coim.) Quaker, Frederick Stover, purchased 800 acres, in conjunction with a number of free colored men or refugee slaves, and planted here, just west of the ])resent town of Lucan, the Wilberforce colored colony, the history of which is given in the history of Lucan. Among the old settlers of l>iddulph, who were residing there in 1878-80, Tuention is made of the following-named ; — John Atkinson and Hiram Hodgins, 1838-40; Ca])tain J. W. Evans, 1825; John Mcllhargy, 1822; William H. Ryan, 18M.^ ; William Rivington, 1837; John Hudson and John Simpson, 1839; P. J. Dewan, 1840 ; Thomas Collins and John Eedv, 1S41 ; Albert Jk'.atson, Robert Boyd, John Dagg, T, C. Hodgins and Thomas Mangle, 1842 ; Richard Jerrayn, John Jermyn, James and William Grant, in 184;> ; Charles Foreman, A ii 4.">t; HISTOUY OF THK .ioliii Flaimjiiiu iuid VV. I). Stunliiv, in 1X44; Gowjijo Foroman and William L(ivitt, 1845; Thomas Mhickwcll, Isaau llod^'ins, Dr. I{. Laii;^', in l.S4(); Samuel I/an<^foi'd, in 184'J, and Robort C. Thompson, of Adaro hotel, in LSGO. Mrs. r>L'l], a colored centenarian, who settled on the London and Goderich road in 18."i2, died in November, 1878. She was the last of the colored colony located here by the Friends. Col. James Hod<,dna oame with his family from Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832, to Lot 39, Con. 3, l>iddulph, where he was the. first settler. He was agent for the Canada (.'om])any a nundxu" of years. In 1837-8 he commanded the Sixth IJattalion Huron Militia, in which his son John was a private soldier. Hi; died January I, 18(i7, aged 84 years. Wm. N. Ilodgins, born in Indand, settled with his father's family on Lot 3'J, Con. ."!, I5id- duliih, in 1834. For five years prior to his death, April 3, 1884, he was master of Orange Lodge, No. 602, Lucan. Adam Hodgins, who in 1831 came from Irelancl to Canada, and wa.s one of the first settlors of liiddulph, died January 2'.l, 188(). He was a Tnember of the ]'arty engaged in the survey of the Huron Tract. \V. H. Ityan came from Ireland with his fatlim' in 183."), anil settled on Lot 32, Con. 3, Biddulph. He served with the Simcoe cavalry in 1837. Peter Johnson, a colored man, said to be ag(!d 104 years, was found dead in the hamlet of Ireland, January 1, 1S70. Ho saw General Washington in his time, and was present at the convention of colored ])eo])Ie at London in Aja-il, 18."')3. At that time (1853) there were 276 colored peoiilo in London, holding real estate valued at ;S1 :!,5()4. John Atkinson, born in Tif)perary county, Ireland, settled in Bid- dulph in 1840. Ho served in the 11th Battalion under Col. Kadclide, at London and Adelaide village in 1837-8. He took the census and made the assessment in 184(1 for Biddulph — the taxes being S75, and his pay eighteen shillings and four pence. His death took place July 28, 1884. John Dagg, soti of one of the pioneca-s of JMddulph, born in Ireland, came with his father hither, and died in March, 1887. At the time, he was county master of Orange lodges, president of tlie Lucan and I^)iildidph Agricultural Societies, and of the North Middlesex Cheese Manufacturing ( 'o. George Foreman settled in Bidtlul])h in 1845, and also Charles Foreman, who is said to have come here in 1844. Charles McRoberts, who came from Ireland in 18.30, with his parents, and settled in London township, died in January, 1886. In 1846 he settled where Lucan village now stands. John Heenan, who I,K.SKX. 459 Nn<,'(5iit, Wiigon-maker ; Henry O'Neill, blacksmith; Richard O'Neill, blacksmith ; Itobiat I'orto, boot and shoe store ; K. A. Shell, <,'eiieral stort!. The comjiletif)!! of the (Irand Trunk liailroad, and, later, of the London, Huron & Uruoe liailroad, carried away the business men to points on these roads, and left the villat^e deserted. MuoremiUe had a jiopulation of fifty in 188.S. J. S. ( Jilfinnan was ))ostmaster ; W. . I. Clark, merchant ; II. McNamee, dealer in boots and shoes; Patrick Malum, wa^on-builder; William Macham, .saw-mill owner, and T. Hod^'in.s, blacksmith. Adare, viilhd Jiiilduljih prior to ISo?, claimtsd in that year the followinj,' business circle : — Clark & Sons, merchants ; William ( 'lark, postmaster; Mrs A<,'nes Lavatt, milliner; .lames liobin.son, tavern- ke(^per; John Sholtz, jjumjmiaker ; N(trinan (Jraham, blacksmith; (.ieorye Kiidou},'h, joiner; .lolm Moody, shoemak';r; (ieor<,'e I'orte, Thomas Hodj^ins, reeve, and Ca])tain James Maj,Miire, maj^istrate. The total population was tifty. Clivrclu'8.—'Y]ui Methodist Church antedates l(S(Ki. Ainont; the names on the records of 18(19 are the Dixons, Hrij^litons, Arcoats, Pitchers, ilrojihys, Whem])s, Tedders, Hots, Prests, ('rav(;ns, Watsons, Keowns, Smiths, Trevethicky, Dr. Waklen, Kyans, Poes, Krise family, Sexsnnth and Goodacres. The Wesleyan ministers at Lucan, formerly a ]iart of Exeter cir- cuit, were ; — George Kennedy, 18G6 ; Win. Lnnd, 1867-8 ; Geor<:;e Sexsinith, 1869-71 ; James Allen, 1869; .Fohn Smiley, 1871; James K. Dyer, 1872 .'!. At that time the membership was 134. The Methodist Church of (Canada at Lucan succeeded the Wesleyan society in 1874, with James E. Dyer, preacher. Andrew Edwards ])resided in 1870-6; Win. Lund in 1877; Alfred L. llussell in 1878-80; George Jack,son, 1881-3; Robert Davey, 1884. The Salvation Army arrived at Lucan, December 10, 1883, with Captain Ha])])y Tom in charge. Captain Bill was also hen!. In A])ril, 1884, the Salvation Army barracks were ojjened. Among the Salvation captains participating, were :— Stacey, of Loudon East; Willis, of Lucan, and Hall, of London. The building ha^ a capacity of 400 seats, and was i)ainted in varicgateil colors. Trinity Church, Lucan, appears in 1871 on the records, with Rev. W. Logan in charge, and in 1 879, T. W. Magahy, who succeeded T. E. Sanders, who was ajjpointed in 1869. Among the early members are Bernard Stanley, John Frank, the Armitage family, lirownkivs, Cour- ceys, Atkin.sons, Hamiltons, the Sadlers, Ryans, O'Neils, the Hodginses, the Daggs, Rawlinses, Hiirltons, the Foxes, the Smiths, Mayos, Scales, Thomas I'ight, the Masketts, and Giiilfoyles. The record of baptisms diites back to 1865. The building was com])leted in February, 1867, by Contractor Fox, and in .June, 1885, the first church bell in the vil- lage was ])laced in the be'l'ry. The Catholic Church dates to June, 1849, when Rev. Thadeus Ker- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h /. (./ y 1.0 I.I 1.25 2.5 «i' IIM IIIII2.2 ■ 40 2.0 U II 1.6 V] <^ /i ^/. '^ o 7 ///. Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. i4580 (716) 872-4503 ^'^ w- 460 HISTORY OF THE wan visited Biddulph, where he baptized children. Among members of the church were : — John Harty, Timothy Madigan, Edward Orange, Thomas Shea, James SuUivan, Jolni Cogan, Jeremiah McDonnell, John Kirkland, James Sherlock, Patrick Sherlock, John Neil, James Kelly, M. Walshe, Thomas Walshe, James Shea, Thomas Coriiyn, Thomas Quigley, Patrick Nangle, Patrick Barry, M. Hogan, Josej)h Merrick, Henry Cassidy and James Hogan. Among other names on the records of this period are the Mcllhargys, Heenans, Milans, James Eider, Patrick Rider, Thomas Ryan, M. Hogan, Thomas Henry, I'atrick Kennedy, Thomas Hroderick, John O'Donnell, John Curran, Thomas Browne, Charles Stuart, Thadeus Twohy, Connor Tierny, Patrick Mee, John MuUin, Hugh Mangan, P. Mangan, Patrick Walshe, Martin Carthy, P. Finnerty, Wm. Keane, James Cahill, John Ryan, James Donnelly, James Keefe, Timothy Keavy, Timothy Ryan, D. Adair, Daniel Phelan, Martin Duncan, P. Delacy, Philip Conroy, P. Brennan. Rev. Joseph Gerard came in 1871 ; Rev. J. Lotz, in 1878; and in 1879, Rev. John Connolly, the present pastor. At Irishtown, Rev. J. Murphy and B. Murphy, 1871. In 1872, Revs. Forristal and Darragh were assistant priests ; in 1875, Revs. J. McGrath, T. West and L, Lament; in 1879, Rev. M. Cummins took the place of Rev. T. McGrath. The English Church dates to 1853, when the parish of Blanchard and Biddulph was established, with Rev. A. Lampraan in charge of St. James's church, of Biddulph, and the station at St. Mary's village. The English Church, of St. -lames, at liiddulph, was attended in 1858 by Rev. S. Tighe. Among the subscribers to church work that year were : —J. Lynch, W. Howard, J. Corbett, R. Mahon, Robert Porte, J. Gullet, Deacons, Moodys, Crawleys, Donnellys, Scales, S. Bradley, F. Jones, the Daggs, Hodginses, Carters, Cunninghams, Dr. Sutton, Hodgsons, Bennetts, Sholdices, Hamiltons, Atkinsons, Cnlberts, McLeans, Mor- gans, John Hooper, Young, Stewardsons, Glendennings, Courceys, Gal- braith, Simpsons, Williams, and Clatterhara.s. In 1871, Rev. W. Logan had charge. The old frame church was built about 1850-1. This was sold about sixteen years ago to John Flanagan, who used it as a barn. Two years before its removal the present brick church was erected. The oldest burial-ground dates back about thirty-eight years. Among the early bi?rials was that of John Williams, whose monument is dated August 25, 1852. COLNTY OF MIDDLESEX. CHAITER XVII. LUCAN TOWN. 461 Lucaii is the modern name of the old village of Marysville. In point of settlement and prooress it ranks with the new railroad towns of Middlesex. It is the principal town of the north-eastern section of the county, and the centre of a large trade as well as of a rich agricul- tural district. During its earlier years, it was looked upon as " the wildest town in Canada ; " but descriptions were exaggerated of the evil, and forgotton in tofo of the good, parts of the community ; until truth came to the rescue and compelled an acknowledgment, that, after all, only a few wild visitors made the place notorious. To the residents and people of the surrounding country, the town was everything that a new railroad town should be. Its grain market was no less celebrated than its cattle trade ; so, that while the press was reporting unfavor- ably on its social condition, society and trade were both flourishing, almost ignorant of the existence of the noisy desperadoes who came occasionally to it to show that a busy trade centre could not contiime iji its course without a street broil or a tragedy. From the reminiscences of William Porte, published in the Enter- pi-iae some years ago, the following facts are taken. He states that Lots 5 and 0, north and south of the London and Goderich road in Biddulph, with (iOO acres more, were t^iken uj) in the name of the Society of Friends, of Oberlin, O., the price being $1.50 per acre. In 1830, Lots 5, north and south, were occupied by Peter Butler, J. Wyatt, W. Whitehead, and one Pinkham, who were the original settlers on the land where Lucan Village is situate. Lots (J, north and south, were held by the Canada Co. ; but in 1839, Morgan, or "The Rattler,"^ erected a scooped shanty near the location of Mr. Dight's residence. There, in 1841, John Shoebottom, of London Township, was married to Jane A. Morgan, Mr. Porte being one of the witnesses. In 1842^ Henry Hodgins came from Castleconnell, Ireland, and looxted on Lot 6, south. In the erection of his log house a heavy log fell upon .Fames Dagg, killing him instantly. Mr. Hodgins deserted the site of this deplorable accident, and selected a location twenty rods nearer the main road. On the adjoining farm, Wm. Morgan's son was killed by a falling tree iti 1843, where Arnold & Ward's flour mill now stands; and even prior to this, the colored colonist Duke, son-inlaw of White- head, was killed while hunting a raccoon. Old Mrs. Wyatt, then seventy-five years old, residing on Lot 5, north, committed suicide. It appears she was religiously mad, and to appease her strange god, tied her limbs together and lay dtwn in the creek to drown. Of the fii"st buildings, none now exist ; and, with the exception of the Butlers, none of the colored pioneero are to be found. The colored 462 HISTORY OF THE school-house stood where J. C. Watts's rosidence now is, ami the teacher sent by the Friends vanished with the house. In 1843 the Friends ceased to sujtport the colony and school; but the white settlers hired AVilliani Poite to carry on the school. In 18ri4, Wni. Morgan moved to IJruce T'ounty. On the ]ilans of the railway conii)any l)ecoining known, Sheriff McDonald and Donald McDonald, of Toronto, purchased Lots 6, north and south, and planned the village in 1804, and in February, 1855, sold many of the lots by auction. The first dwelling was that of Heiay Hodgins, opposite C. W. Sanders's house, on the south side of Main street. A hewed log-house was next erected by William Morgan in 1844, where Dr. Hossack's residence now stands. It was a landmark there until September 16, 1864, when fire destroyed it At the sale of lots in 1855, Robert Hodgins, sen., purchased lots 245 and 265; Wm. Mayo, 246, 247, 172; George Carter, 266, 259, 18lt (Central Hotel) ; Wm. Walsh, 267 ; K. Young, 247, 2()() ; James Atkinson, 2(i8, 254, 164; Samuel Long, 249, 2H6, 287, 170; John Hodgins, 25(1, 16(i; CiiaHos Baker, 269, 271 ; Itliody Armitage, 270 ; Henry Hoduins, sen., 274 ; John Atkin.son, 239; H. Mitchell, 238 ; li. H. O'Neil, 255 ; Henry O'Neil, sen.. Simon Young, jun., 165 ; Daniel Neil, Bernard Stanley, 162; Patrick Nangle, 160; Wra. Atkin.son, George Hodgins (Hill), 258, 231 ; Thomas Rawlins, 157 (Queen's >dgins, sen., 274 ; Thomas Atkinson. 237, 172 256 ; Nathaniel Ryan, 258 163 159 Hotel) ; .lames (Jury) Hodgins, 149 ; Win. Stanley, 191 (post ottice) ; Caleb Ryan, 190, 188,229; Henry Hodgins, 1S7; LTriah Monaghan, 168; .lames Coughlin, 169 ; Jose])h Berryhill, 173 ; A. Gardner, 230; Thomas Harlton, 224 ; Wm. Porte, 161 (E. Mara's store) ; Thomas Tierney, 203; Con. Tierney, 204, and John Cooney, 167, with two lots puichased by P. Flanagan and John Robinson, which sales were cancelled — ^^the first where is now the Presbyterian, and the last the Metiiodist Clinrch buildings. Of the original purchasers, Bernaixi Stanley and Daniel Neil held their lots ; while, of the thirty-nine, seventeen were living and twenty-two were reported deceased in 1885. The nucleus of the village was foi-med on the south-eastern side of the railroad. Roger Smith, of London, erected a small steam flouring- mill on lots 241 and 242, north of Main street, in 1855 ; Robert Young built his dwelling and store house on lot 260 in 185(j; John Robinson built his house on lots 261 and 262, where James Mayo resided, in 1885, and to this .settlement the name of Mary.stown was given in honor of Mrs Mary Macdonald, wife of the sherilf, who then owned the unsold lots on the town plot. In 1856-7, the railway company surveyed a line via Elginfield, another via Ireland, and a tliird between Sauble Hill and Marystown, This caused so much uncertainty to exist, that not until 1859 did the location give promi.se of advancement. In that year Bernard Staidey erected the first jiretentious dwelliiig on the north-west of the track; ~ ' built a log-house on the site of the Queen's Hotel; Tom Rawlings COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 403 John Cooney also erected one on Lot 167, Alice street, called after the postmaster's eldest daughter, Mrs. Windsor, of Browne City, Mich., who was born in that house, which was the first post-office building. Of them all, the Stanley store -house was standing in 1885 ; William Stanley erected his building next. R. H. O'Neil erected his i)re- scnt house soon after, and Marystown became a prominent place in South Huron. The Central Hotel building was erected by 11. McLean, the Queen's Hotel by J. Donohue (the Crunnican-Mcllhargy Block), all brick buildings, were soon added, while a number of frame hiHises added to the filling up of all Main street from the railroad to Fan-ell's corner. Then Hugh Benu erected the Royal Hotel ; Wtn. Frank moved in his brick house from Elginfield to the corner of Frank and Main streets ; Leonard Hodgins's Hotel stood where is now the Methodist building, and many homes were erected on Alice, Frank and William streets ; so that when the village was incorporated, Jan. 1, 1872, its claims for local government were well justified. Later a luimber of enterprising men ti'ied to secure the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, and were willing to give the required bonus of 87,000 while Biddulph would grant $8,000 ; but the majority defeated the project. On January 26, 1864, the first Petniy Readings were given in the school-house. In 186;! the (Jueen's birtiiday was celebrated, a cali- thuinpian procession of 190 horsemen being one of the features of the day. No less than 2,500 persons are said to have assembled in the village of that time. Uffi,cuil History. — The petition of 100 inhabitants of Lucan was before the Council June 7, 1871, asking for incorporation. John C. Frank was appointed to take the census ; B. Stanley and J. Thomjjson represented the petitioners. In September, a by-law to incorporate was drafted, an election ordered to be heUl at the school-house, and on the 20th the act pasised. The first meeting of the Lucan Council was held at Currie's School-house January 15, 1H72. The officers were : —Robert F. O'Neil, reeve ; D. McRoberts, Wm. Porte, H. B. Quarry, and A. CJoodacre, councillors; S C. Hersey, clerk; J. C. Frank, treas- urer; Thomas Atkinson, as,sessor; and Richard Thompson, inspector of licenses. The applications for tavern licenses w(ire made by Rol)^! McLean, H. McPhee, John Carroll, W. E Wilkins, W. Walker, Geo. Hodgins, and -loseph Fitzhenry ; and for shop licenses by H. B. Quarry, E. Mara, M. Cuiuiinghani, T. Hodgins, and J. CUecson In A])ril a by-law, proposed by 1). McRoberts anil W. Porte, providing for grant- ing a bonus of $5,000 and depot grounds to the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, was adopted, and in May the same councillors pro- posed that .'S200 be exj)ended on sidewalks. At this time, H. B. Quarry's motion to ])urcliase $25 worth of hose for fire purposes was carried. In November, Henry Macklin was appointed clerk. At this time a b}'-law was passed, jnoviding for a bonus of $7,000 to the London, Huron & Bruce Railroail. On submitting this by-law to 464 MISTUUY OF THE the ])eoi)lo, it was adopted, but owing to Biddulph not voting the neces- sary SS.OOO, the vote of l.uain was of no use. The council for 1873 comprised Messrs. P. Mcllhargy, R. McLean, W. rort<3, and I). Mc- Roberts. Samuel Flannery was licensed to keep the Dublin House. In 1874, Orlando Robins and A. (loodacre were members, and Thomas Dight, reeve. In June, the Council made an effort to organize a fire company. The new member of the Council for 1875 was W. H. Hutchins, Messrs. McLean, Porte and Mclioberts being re-elected. In April, measures were taken to erect water tanks, so as to have a water supply for fire engines, should necessity call the brigade into service. In January, 1876, C. F. Pashley was elected clerk, vice Macklin resigned. In March, 1876, a by-law, exempting the projector of the flax-mill from taxation for five years, was passed, the vote on the bonus S5()0 and exemption being thirty-five for and one contra. At this time, also, the building of a lock-up was decided upon. Of the Council for 1877, Thomas Hossack, W. E. Stanley, W. Porte and D. McRobert were members, with W. H. Hutchins, reeve. In July, a by-law, providing for the loan of $1,000, to be expended on building a Town Hall and engine room, was ordered to be submitted to the rate- payers. In January, 1878, W. S. Hodgins was appointed clerk. The members of the (.'ouncil were: — J. D. McCosh, C. M. McRoberts, S. Gibson, and W. E. Stanley ; while for 1879, R. H. O'Neil and P. Mcllhargy were chosen to fill vacancies. In 187y-80, Wm. Stanley was reeve, with Messrs. R. H. O'Neil, C. McRoberts, P. Mcllhargy, W. B. Abbott, John Bawden, and S. Gibson, councillors. In June, 1880, the question of building a branch railroad from Lucan, to connect with the London, Huron & Bruce Rail- road, was considered by the council, and in September a by-law was drafted providing for a bonus of SI 0,000 to any company who would build such branch. John H. McConnell was electeil clerk, vice W. S. Hodgins, resigned. The council for 1881 comprised John Maguire, James H. McRoberts, Messrs. Bawden and Mcllhargy, with William Stanley, reeve. George Hodgins was subsequently elected, vice Baw- den, resigned. (J. W. Orme was ai^pointed clerk pro tern, in June.) Wm. Ell wood was elected, vice Mcllhargy, for 1882. J. H. McRoberts was chosen reeve for 1883 ; while Thomas Hall, Wm. E. Hooper, Geo. Hodgin.s, and J. R. Arniitage, were chosen councillors. In July, 1883, A. 0. Graydon was appointed village engineer ; Wra. McLeod, collec- tor ; and in December the following-named were chosen councillors for 1884 :— W^m. Hogg, Thomas E. Hall, David McRoberts, and William Haskett. In 1885, Albert Goodacre, Wm. Hogg, W. N. Shaver and John Murdy were councillors, with Wm. EUwood, reeve ; while in 1880, E. Tennent succeeded councillor Hogg. In March, 1 88(), the use of the market square was granted to the Lucan Agricultural Society under certain conditions. In August, Geo. A. Stanley was chosen clerk, vice McConnell, and in December, F. A. O'Neil, J. R. Armitage, W. N. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 46C Shaver and John Murdy were nominated for the council, and were elected and re-elected for 1 888, William Ell wood still serving as reeve, and Geo. A. Stanley clerk. The rate of t^ixation adopted in August, 1888, is as follows : — Local, 8 mills ; school, 8i mills, and county and debenture, L'|. The expenditures for 1872 amounted to $2,of)0.28 ; for 187M, $2,256.:;i ; for 1874, $6,502.59, including $4,405 for schools ; for 1875, $3,;^37.23 ; for 1870, $3,184.9;",; for 1877, $l),124.84, includ- ing $1,773 33 for school purposes, and 81.305.34 for payment of debentures and interest; for 1878, $r),082.72, of which $1,.S63.20 represented school grant and county rate, and $1,300 bonus, of $100, to flax mill, and debentures, $1,200; for 1879, $4,27798, including $1,724.9(3 school grant and countv rate, $100 bonus to flax mill, and $800 debenture; for 1880, $3,840.34, including $1,417.29 school grant and county rate; for 1881, $4,460.84, including $1,276 school and county rate; for 1882, $4,628.85; for 1883, $4,072.20; for 1884, $4,804.03; for 1885, $4,574.08; for 1886, $4,612.13, including $1,200 school grant; for 1887, $0,289.51, including school Jippropriation $1,250. Schools. — Prior to the establishment of the school at Lucan in 1868, the district was known as No. 6, and, in 1804, Wm, Haskettwas chosen trustee. School section No. 11, was set oft' on December 30, 1868, and the first meethig held at the Dublin House, .January 13, 1869. Joshua Thompson presided, with W. E. Eoache, secretary. E. H. O'Neil, Wm. Frank and Thomas Dight were elected trustees. In 1870, A. Goodacre was chosen, vice Frank, resigned, and Wm. Foreman, secretary. Benj. O'Neil was engaged as teacher, with Miss Pritchard and Mr. Foreman. In 1871, V. F. Pashley was chosen trustee and S. T. Scilly secretary. In 1872, six trustees were chosen : — Bernai-d Stan- ley, Kobert McLean, Dr. Thomas Hossack, Charles F. Pashley, James Gleeson and Wm. Galloway. Mr. Scilly and j\Iiss Stacey were teachers in 1871. In Jaimary, John Dearncss, Mrs. Warburton and Miss Edwards were employed. In 1873, Mr. Crunnican was chosen trustee, and Mr. Gleeson elected secretary, to succeed .Mr. I'ashley, who, as trustee, was succeeded by T. II. Jennings. David McKoberts's name also appears at this time, and that of H. Macklin. In 1874, Dr. liurgess and T. 11. Jeimings were chosen members of the board, and W. S. Hodgins employed as teacher, with Charles Manley, Mrs. War- burton and Martha J. Edwards. In April, 1874, steps were taken to build an addition to the school- hou.se, and in October the building was completed. D. Hammell was employed as head master in November, with Misses Martin and Edwards, assistants. In 1875, M. (,'runnican and Henry Collins were cliosen trustees, and .lohn A. Burgess, secretary. Mr. McTaggert taught here in 1875. In July, C. F. Pashley succeeded Dr. Burgess as trustee and secretary, and in November, W. B. McKay was engaged as principal; and in December, Miss Chisholm took Miss Martin's '■ 46(5 HISTORY OF THE pliice. Bernard Stanley and R. H. O'Neil were chosen trustees for 1876. In December, rrincipal Hodgins, with Misses Chishohn and Beamish, were re-engaged as teachers, the salaries being $(;0(), #315 and $2r)(i, respectively. In 187.S, Messrs. Ellwood. Abbott, Fox, Mc- Connell, and liawden, were chosen trustees; and in 187l», A. (ioodacre, Wm. E. Hooper, and Jolm ^[urdy. L. Cann was apjwinted secretary. Among the teachers in 1878-9, the names of Miss Zapfe, Miss Howard, and Miss Hodgins occur. The Board employed W. S. Hodgins, and Misses SproaL and Howard for 1880; and Bernard Stanley," with D. Mclioberts, were elected trustees. Wra. Ellwood was secretary. In March, 1880, Miss Courcey was employed. The teachers for 1881 were John McLaughlin, Misses Sproat and (.,'ourcey ; but Miss Salmon taught here for some time. Gerald Fitzgerald and Win. Ellwood were chosen trustees. W. E. and John Murdy were re-elected for 1882, and Wni. Hendson aj^pointed principal. D. McRoberts and B. Stanley were re elected for 1883 ; G. l\ Fitzgemld and Thomas Hodgins for 1884; J. Murdy and W. Matheson for 1885. In 1886, B. Stanley, Thomas Hodgins, L. Cann, John Fox, Wm. Matheson, the secretary, and John Murdy, formed the Board ; while in 1887, the name of Wm. McLeod appears on the roll of trustees, with Bernard Stanley, chair- man, and li. S. Hodgins, secretary. In Jaimary, 1880, the school trustees of Lucan agreed to set apart one room as a separate school, and to employ a Catholic teacher to preside there. Fires. — The first fire at Lucan, November 15, 1862, destroyed Conroy's Mechanics' Hall and a smaller building. Morgan's pioneer log-house, on the site of Dr. Hossack's house, was destroyed September 19, 1804. Madill's hotel was burned February 8. Thomas Fox's workshop, in rear of R. Fox's present residence, was burned February 15 ; Thomas Robinson's carpenter shop, March 5 ; Elijah Turner's bam, August 22, 18()5; in 1871, J. H. McRoberts 's grain-warehouse, April 11 ; in 1872, Dennis Quigley's took fire, but was saved from destruction ; in 1875, Collins's tin-store, McLean's drug store, Thomp- son's harness shop and a dwelling adjoining were destroyed March 29 ; Mrs. Deacon's house, April 29 ; Flanagan & Crawley's stables, in rear of Queen's Hotel, October 4, 1875 ; Pieper & Hogg's flax-mill and flax, worth So,000, March 9 ; Molony's wagon-shop, March 13 ; ('oUins & Donnelly's stable, March 17, 1877; John Judge's dwelling, blacksmith, wagon and paint-shop, the dwellings of Atkinson and Cook and Hazleton's two buildings were destroyed April 10 ; R. M. Mc- Lean's stable and seven horses, W. Porte's stables and John Drought's dwelling and cabinet-shop, were burned May 11 ; Bernard Stanley's outbuildings, in rear of store. May 12; a fire set in Goodacre's build- ing, May 24, was discovered and extinguished ; Fitzhenry's hotel, then occupied by James Malony, together with hotel stables and Gleeson's bam, was destroyed July 5; Benj. Blackwell's house, July 9; Chas. McRoberts's Old Dominion Hotel was destroyed August 1, 1879 ; COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX. 467 attempt to bum Creijihton's livery stable, opposite Queen's Hotel. April 17, 1880 ; W. H. Hiitchiiis' gmin-store, opposite the Madoc House, and 9,000 bushels of barley, were destroyed September 3, 1881 ; and on October an attempt to fire Stanley & Dight's flouring mill was made, but the fire was discovered. A detective named West, and Simon Young, were charged with the act. On April 4, 1883, fire destroyed Johnston's livery stable, with six horses, and the shops of Niblock & Marrin. The Stanley & Dight cooper-shop was destroyed December 18, 1885. In March, 1886, McLean's foundry was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of !ji»4.000. Accidents. — On July 20, 1804. a boy named Martin O'Mally was killed by a train near Lucan. In 1805, V. Ryder was killed in a similar way ; and in 1872, Adam Hodgins's body was found on the track. A brakesman named John Shea was killed at Lucan, Dec. 30, 180!). The first fatal accident on the London, Huron & Bruce Eailroad occurred April 13, 1877, when a brakesman was killed at Brucefield. In December, 1877, old Mr. Grant, of Granton, was drowned in the cistern. The accident on the London, Huron & Bruce Kailroad, of December 25, 1880, resulted in the death of James McGrath, his wife, his brother, mother and Ellen Blake. Thomas Taylor, of the 14th concession of London, fell from his wagon in rear of Glass's hotel, October 7, 1881, and was killed. In March, 1883, R. Cruise, of Blanshard, and Clark, of St. Mary's, were killed by trains at Stanley's crossing. Comviercial Affairs. — The first important building was erected in April, 1859, by Bernard Stanley, and in the fall of that year the depot was completed. James Parkyn opened his grain-warehouse next year, and in 1861 shipped 89,000 bushels of grain ; later, he built warehouses at Ailsa Craig, West wood, Parkhill and Forest. The grain business of Lucan Station in 1862 amounted to 155,855 bushels of grain shipped, while in 1803 the figures were 167,300 bushels, James Parkyn shipping 68,250, Thomas Dight 40,950, R. H. O'Neil 26,950, J. Atkinson 21,350, and B. Stanley 9,800 bushels. In 1802 there were four grain warehouses, to which four were added in 1863-4 by H. M. Atkinson, Hodgius & Co., James Laird and Wm. Frank. In 1802 there were 2,930,000 feet of lumber, shingles and lath imported. The forward freight in 1887 amounted to 5,386 tons, yielding $10,778, and the freight received 1,400 tons, yielding S4,478 60. The number of passengers forwarded, and value of tickiits issued each month in 1887, are as follows: — January, 470 passengers, and value of tickets. $423.60; February, 401 and $342.25 ; March, 509 and $507 ; April, 458 and $521 ; May, 494 and $398 ; June, 507 and $407 ; July, 546 and $412 ; August, 1,253 and $694; September, 741 and $009 ; Octo- ber, 478 and ^42 ; November, 500 and $505.90 ; December, 484 and $390. J. R. Meagher, of Columbus, Neb., was the first railroad agent at Lucan in 1859. Timothy Carey, who for over twenty years was 468 HISTOnV Olf THE baggajTe- master at Lucaii, was triinsferred to Port Huron in 18H4. Mr. Sinclair is the present agent. The principal business men of Lucan in 1878-80, and the date of settlement, are noted as follows: — J. li. Armitage, 1841t, W. H. Hutcliins, 1863, J. 1). McCosh, 18()1, merchants ; L. Cann, 18()1, booi\s and stationery; John F. Cain, 18()'.», lioval Hotel; li. McLean, 1844, Central Hotel; li. :McFalls, 1854, Queen's Hotel ; Wra. Walker, 1803, hotel and stage line ; J. W. Orme, 1 85"). grocer ; J. C. Watts, 1860, tin.smith ; Wm. Matheson, 1870, watchmaker; Shoebottom Hro., 184.">, ])atent spring manufacturers; James K. Tom, 1875, job printer; J. E, Thomas, 1876, manager Hank of Commerce ; T. T. Atkinson, 1873, carpenter; John Farrell, 1829, druggist; S. Gibson, 1867, planing mills; Hogg & Piefer, 1876, flax mills; W. Haskett, 1851>, mill owner; S. C. Hersey, 1862, grain merchant ; lieed & Chisholm, butchers and drovers; and Wm. McHride, 1873, carpenter. Law was represented by W. Macdiarmid, 1872; and the church by Rev. H. li. Lotz, 1876, Catholic priest. Post-ojjice. — The first postmaster at Lucan in 1857-8 was C. H. Ashberry, but was succeeded May 25, 1859, by William Porte, who has held the office down to the present day. In January, 1871, an extra mail to London by Gratid Trunk Railroad was established. In May, 1873, the McPhee stages ceased to run, the Donnelly stages were inaugurated, and on May 24 the era of stage trrtubles was inaugurated. The Hawkshaw opposition stnge was sold in October to Crawley and Flanagan. The old Lucan and Goderich stage ceased June 2'.l, 1878, after a run of about forty years, and the first mails via the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad were despatched from Lucan, June 30. The Mon- treal telegraph line was completed to Lucan in November, 1868. Bank'*. — The banking house of \l. H. O'Neil was establi.shed on September 27, 1876, and the business carried on in a frame buihling on the site of the present bank office, which was erected in August, 1883. With the exception of two years (1882-3), F. A. O'Neirhas been cashier. The Hank of Commerce was established at Lucan, but, in Septem- ber, 1883, the office was removed to Parkhill, and its ])lace here was at once occupied by li. & J. Fox, who opened a private bank in the same building in the same month. Societies. — Irving Lodge, 154, A. F. & A. M., was chartered in 18()1. Among the members are the following Past Masters, the la.st named being the present Master : — Wm. Diamond, Wm. Porte, John O'Donohue, Edwin Patching, James Sutton, M. 1)., F. R. Jennings, Wm. Ellwood, Wm. S. Hodgins, Wm. Quigley, jr , Johti Murdy, John Fox, Thos. Kitt, Wm. McLoud. There are sixty-one members. Lucjin Lodge, No. 209, A. 0. U. W., was founded in June, 1883, with Dr. Hossack, master, and G. A. Ellis, secretary. Lucan Lodge, No. 70, I. 0. O. F., was chartered March 30, 1871, with Robert McLean, D. McCosh, W. Bowie, Edward Mara, first No nin Pas Doi Rol son Sho Coi: fifty Cfra COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 469 Noble Grand, and C. F. Pashley, secretary, members. During the last nine years, W. E Stanley has served as permanent secretary. The Past Grands are natned as follows : — Edward Mara, Chas. F. Pashley, Donald J. McCosh, Thomas Hossack, Wm. E. Stanley, James C. Watts, liobert McLean, Albert CJoodacre, Sylvanus Gibson, James P. Atkin son, Wm. M. Slioebottom, Lewis Cann, Wm. Macdiarmid, Geo. M. Slioebottom, Jacob C. Palmer, Henry Collins, Geo. H. Barron, Wm. E. (Jollins, and William Bryant. The lodge has an average number of fifty members. In 188o-4, William Macdiarmid, of Lucan, served as Grand Master. The Lucan Agricultural Society was reorganized, or revived, in April, 1884, with John Dagg, president; Robert S. Hodgins, secretary. The member.ship was 100, and increased to 200 in 1887-8. To John Dagg, now deceased, Thomas H. Courcey, W. E. Stanley and liobert S. Hodgins, the credit of renewing this useful society is accorded. The second annual fair was held in September, 1885. There were 1,100 entries ; in 1886, there were I.jIOO. The fair of 1887 was attended by 2,500 persons ; there were 1,500 entries, and gate receipts amounted to $160. In 1888, the annual foir was successful. The ofhcers of the Lucan Agricultural Society for 1888 were: — T. H. Courcey, president; W. E. llooper, vice-president; W. E. Stanley, secretary-treasurer; Thomas Dickens, J. Cobbledick, F. Davis, John Lewis, James Miller, Chas. liosser, John Neil, J. Abbott, M. Glass, W. Hodgins, J, Murdy, John Hodgins, C. C. Hodgins, N. Stewart, A. McFalls, James Carter, John Guest, W. Walker and F. Walden, directors. The Biddulph Agricultural Society, organized some years ago, may be said to be one of the olilest organizations of this class in the northern townships. William Porte was secretary of the old Biddulph Agri- cultural Society for eleven years. The officers for 1888 were: — James Foster, president ; S. Gunning, vice-president; W. B. Stewart, secretary; J. E. Murray, treasurer ; L. Piad, J. Walls, J. Brooks, W. E. Lang- ford, S. Clarke, W. Spence, D. -Johnston, M. Langford, T. Bunn, J. Jermyn and T. Lawton, directors. The Lucan Mechanics' Institute dates back to the early days of the village, when Wm. Porte was appointed to obtain a library, and for years was connected with the society. The officers of the Mechanics' Institute for 1888 were : — W. Stanley, president ; Matheson & L. Cann, vice-presidents; W. Ellwood, treasurer; John Fox, secretary, and Messrs. Edwards, Fox, J. Frank and R. Armitage, directors In 1875, the Father Matthew Temperance organizations of Bid- dulph held a great meeting at Lucan. The Lucan Base Ball Club was organized in .lune, ir,85, with John Jackson, J. Hutchins, Ted Collins, George Fife, A. O'Neil, J. Jackson, A. E. Stanley, T. Hutchins, R. Collins, W. Armitage, John Kenny, E. Jennings, Fred Oldhau and A. Murdoch, members. The Stanley-Dight and the Hooper mills (operated by George Adcott) are important industries ; but the most extensive concern in 30 470 HISTOKY OF THE Uie county is managed by Robert S. Hodgins, who ships annually about 290,000 bushels of barley, wheat, oats anil other grains, together with 17,000 barrels of apples, anil during the season a carload of cider daily. He established the custom of feeding hogs at the cheese factory, and also that of shipping baled hay. On March 10, 186G, fifty-two men left Lucan for Point Edward under Captain H. B. Hodgins, Lieut. J. C. Frank and Ensign W. H. Atkinson, and served three months and ten days on the boundary, in view of the threatened Fenian invasion. Wm. Torte, in his journal, states that the battle of Kidgeway and rout of the Queen's Own, occurred May 2, 1866. Nineteen years later Captain Thorn, then commanding, called this company on parade, when only five men responded. In June, 1885, however, twelve or fifteen men assembled, seeking a place in the annual meeting of 26th Battalion at London. The Lucan drill shed and armory were erected on lot If)-! in 1871. This building is a wooden one. The Lucan flag-pole, erected May '.», 18(i3, was cut down by un- known parties November 1, 1873. This pole was bought from Barber, of the village of Ireland, and taken to Lucan, where it stood for ten years and seven months. On April 14, 1865, a flag was placed at half-mast in respect to Abraham Lincoln. Dr. White, a southerner, then here, fired at the flag, as the honor to the dead president was too much for this confederate. In March, 1871, a pohtical meeting was being held at Carroll's Hall, Lucan, when the floor gave way, injuring D. Quigley.and break- the leg of Air. Galloway's son. Red-letter day in the political life of Lucan was Dec. 16, 1886. Sir John Macdonald visited Lucan, accompanied by leading members of his party. Among other acts in the drama of this political recep- tion was the printing of the Enterprise in red ; and the Youug Conser- vative Club was organized. In December, 1872, Ireland village gave thirty-two votes for, and twelve against ; Mcllhargy's, sixty five for, and eighty-one against; and Grant's, eighty-seven against, on the question of giving a bonus to the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad. Lucan voted almost unani- mously for the bonus. COUNTY UK MIDDLESKX. 471 CHAITER XVIII. CARADOC TOWNSHIP. Camdoc is bouiidtnl north by Adelaide and the north-east gore of Metcalfe ; south cast by the Thames, dividing it from Delaware, and south by the Indian reservation — that river dividing the Indian lands from Elgin Co. ; east by Lobo, and west by Metcalfe and Ekfrid. The survey of Caradoc was accomplished in 1821 by Koswell Mount, on instructions from John Hnrwell. The Thames flows along the south- eastern and southern line in a very tortuous course. Of the many streams rising south of the Grand Trunk Kailroad, all flow into the Thames ; while the numerous creeks having their sources in the north half, or north of the railroad, flow north-west into Bear Creek. The oldest record of Caradoc in })osf5ession of Malcolm McOugan, clerk, is dated February 10, IH't'A. At that time, Col. M. Dixon, 1. \i. Burwell, John Bateman, Arch. Cam])bell, and David Hunter, council- men, with Holcrotf Clench, reeve, met at Lee's Hotel, Mt. Brydges. The clerk, Edward Handy, rc!|)ort(!d that all books, papers and other mutters relating to the Council were destroyed by fire, and the clerk was empowered to jn'ocure new books. In November, 1856, the town- ship was re-districted for school purposes into twelve school .sections, and Mt. Brydges, known as section 15, with school No. 1, of Lobo and Caradoc, and school No. 2, of Ekfrid and Caradoc. In 186;}, John Ferguson was appointed clerk, and served until June, 1877. A. M. McEvoy, the present county treasurer, succeeded him in July of that year, who served until June 27, 1887, when M. McGugan was appointed. The names of those who have served in the Town.ship Council from 1853 to 1856, are as follows: — H. Clench, John Bateman, Arch. CamplKill, David Hunter, J B. Burwell, John Carey, Thomas Collins, John W. Emerson, John Thompson, Arthur Seabrooke, Thos Faulds, Alex. Campbell, Thomas Northcott, Hugh McDonald, U. Getty, S. Mc- Cracken, D. Leitch, A. M. McEvoy, G. MctJugan. L. L. Griffith, A. Misener, George Middlemiss, George Bateman, W. Lundie, James Ferguson, Eli Griffith, Thomas Nagle, Janres Gamble, R. Cade, M. McGugan, Henry Sutherland, Charles Nagle, Dougall Campbell, H. Hardy. Caradoc Township was surveyed in 1821, when patents were issued to Colonels Mount and Bullen for their lands on the Longwoods Road. Immediately after the survey, and the same year, Benj. Lockwood located here, and Richard Fenwick shortly after, the latter's clearing being on Lot 11, Concession 1, north of the Longwoods Road. The set- tlers who came in from 1815 to 1820, were: — Benj. Bartlett, on Con- cession 1 ; Sutherland, on Concession 4 ; and Charles Bateman, 472 HISTOKY OF THE in that neighborhood on the north of the road. In 1828, Robert Parker settled on Lot 12, (Concession 4, north, and Robert and George Bateman, on the south side of road; Miller's settlement in Ekfrid being then the nearest to Parker's on the west. Donald McGugan settled on Lot 2.'^, Concession 7, in 1828, where his son, Malcolm, now resides. This pioneer died in 1S78, but his widow lives with her son. She is the daughter of John McNeil, who came her in 184o. Col. Mahlon Burwell, father of Isaac Brock Burwell, was one of the provincial land surveyors at the beginning of this century. It was he who surveyed the southern part of Middlesex County and laid out the townships through which Talbot street runs, as well as that street. The town of London was also surveyed by him, and the Indian reser- vations at Port Franks. In 18.S5 he was elected the first member from London (the town then claiming l,Uo7 inhabitants) in the Cana- dian Parliament, and for thirty years, including hi.s term as representa- tive in the old assembly, served this part of Canada in Parliament. L B. Burwell, who, in 18o9, was an ensign in Col. Talbot's 1st Middlesex Militia, owned 1,100 acres of land in Caradoc. He died August 17, 188U. He gave 200 acres and Sl,500 in cash toward the Burwell Memorial Church in Caradoc. His grandfather was Adam Burwell, one of the United Empire Loyalists. Mary Campbell, who died in April, 1881, came to Canada in 1819, and in 1820 settled in the Thames Valley with Captain Matthews, at the time there being only the families of Captains BuUen, Matthews and Brigham within miles of them. In 1822, when Caradoc was surveyed, her husband purchased Lot 24, Con. 6, for $12. He died iu 1865, leaving the pioneer woman over fifteen y^ars to dream over the scenes of pioneer days. Hugh Anderson, a native of Ireland, who settled in Caradoc in 1825, died February 10, 1873. He was the first township clerk of Caradoc, which oifice he held until appointed treasurer. He served against the patriots in 1837-8, and was promoted major. Cornelius De Graw died April 7, 1877, in his 72nd year. In 182G he settled in Middlesex, and for fifty years ])rior to his death resided on Lot 11, Con. 9, Caradoc. He served at Maiden during the troubles •of 1837-8. Mrs. Sarah Harvey, widow of John Harvey, died in Cara- doc, February 23, 1879. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1791 ; moved to Fort Erie in 1812, and to Caradoc in 1825. In 18()9 she took up her residence at Wardsville. Joseph Seabrook, who settled in Caradoc in 1835, served against the Patriots in 1837-8. In 18."!, his son Arthur built a steam saw-mill there, and in 1866 moved to Delaware. Jonathan Hixon, an old resident of Caradoc, died April 12, 1871, aged 65 years. Mrs. Margaret Saxton, widow of Col. Wm. Saxton, came from Nova Scotia to Upper Canada in 1811, soon after b r marriage took place, and slie settled with her husband in Bayham. 1 1838 the family moved to Caradoc, where she died March 19, 1879. Mrs. Dorothy Cook, widow of Wm. Cook, of Caradoc, born near COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. 473 Niagara, in 1825, died in April, 1880. James English, who came from Ireland in 1848, and was the first agent of the Great Western Eailroad at Longwood, died in July, 1873. R. Cornwall, an old settler, who served in the war of 1812, resided here in 1876. Among the old settlers of Caradoc residing there in 1878-80, were : — George Richard.?, of 1825; John D.Anderson, 18.i4 ; Charles S. Getty, 1824; IMaicolm McGugan, 1828; M. Mclntyre, 18:!2 ; Thos. Bateman, Geo. 1?. Ciirruthers, and Arthur Webb, 18.'13; Geo. Lamon and Ephraim Nash, 1834; Charles G. Anderson, Alex. Sutherland, Sidney Seabrook, 1836 ; Chas. Nagle, 1837 ; I. B. Burwell and Francis Thompson, 1839 ; G. V. Burwell, James Bond, and James Graves, 1840; Wm. F Borley and Edmund Chute, 1841; Darius Coleman and IJuncan McDougall, 1842 ; Peter Toles, 1843 ; Geo. Weekes, L. W^aters, W. H. Waters, T. Northcott, Sam. Hedgers, John B. Crozier, and John Burwell, 1844; James Cooper, 1845; Malcolm McGugan, Wm. Young, and John Scott, 184(') ; It. Williams and James Cox, 1847; W. Grigg and Richard Price, 1848; Geo. Nagle, James F. Sutherland, and John Williamson, 1849 ; James Camithers, and Job Marshman, 1850. From 1850 to IHIIO the following named residents of liS.SO settled in the township : — Stephen and John Bond, Wm. Cobban, Thomas Faulds, John D. Kitchen, M. S. Leitch, George Marshman, Geo. Moore, R. W. Popham, W. A. Pulling, James Patrick, Anthony Pyott, Geo. Saxton, W, E. Sawyer, and R. Veale. A few of the above-named are natives of the county, the date given being that of birth. Early in the thirtie.s, when the tide of immigration floweil I'ia the Longwoods Road, an hospital was established for immigiants, two miles west of Delaware. Dr. Starr, who resided near Carodoc, was the physician, and Robert Miller, of Adelaide, steward. Caradoc Academy was opened by Wm. Livingstone in 1(SS3, at a point five miles from Delaware, on the Chatham road, and carried on until its destruction by fire in 1857. Among the pupils in 1ostwick and Arch. COUNTV OF MIDDLESEX. 479 McMillan, assessors ; Sylvenus Reynolds, collector ; Gideon Tiffany, Nathan Fairchild and William Schrain, overseers of I'oads ; John Dingman, town warden ; John Odell, constable ; and James Choat, pound-keeper. In June, 1815, Joseph Flanagan was appointed constable of Dela- ware, and Timothy Kilbourn, of Dorchester and Westminster. In 1816, Riley Wells and Joseph Flanagan were constables for Delaware and Westminster. In July of this year the widows of Samuel Wil- son and George Fisher were sold to the lowest bidders. They were evidently poor women, and this was the summary method of their dis- posal. The question of asse.ssment was fully revived in October, 1816, so that the as.sossment of Delaware for 1811 was ordered to be based on that of 1810, and that of 1814 on the roll of 1813. (.'aleb Hagen was allowed £2 10s. for making the a.sessment of Delaware for 1810 and 1811, and for Norwich for 1812. In .;uly, 1817, Jo.shua Myers was appointed con,stable of Delaware, and Edward Teeple, of West- minster. This Myers was mail carrier, and a son-in-law of Springer's. In 1818, Thomas Marr and Riley Wells were constables of Westmin- ster, and Ben. WoodhuU, of Delaware. On April 13, 1819, Helah Breaster, or Brewster, of Delaware, was granted a tavern license. The first meeting of the inhabitants of Delaware was held Jan 7, 1833, when Asahel Beach was elected clerk ; Wm. Rawlings and Ferdinand l)urand, assessors ; Horace Kilbourn, H. Durand, and Andrew Mar- tin, overseers of highways; Timothy Kilbourn and Wra. V. Bullen, wardens ; Harvej' Kilbourn and Simeon Bullen, pound-keepers In 1834, John Hart was clerk ; John John.son and J. Rawlings, assessors ; Alvaro Ladd, collector; John Woodhull, Otis Till'any, and Andrew Martin, pathmasters ; Joe Rawlings, pound-keeper ; Fred Tiffany and John G. Wells, church-wardens. In 18:5."), Alvaro Ladd was clerk and collector; S. Bullen and Jonathan Miller, church- wardens ; Samuel Stephens, Gideon Tiffany, and John Johnston, fence-viewers. In 183(1, John Johnston, Gideon Till'any and Francis Carey were commissioners, the new title taking the i)lace of churcli- warden ; John Woodhull was collector, and David Johnston, assessor. In this year a petition to the magistrates asked for funds to aid in re])airing the Ijridge on the main road. The meeting was held at Zadoc Martin's inn. In 18.37, the meeting was held at Henry Lull's inn. Dudley Ladd, Henry Johnston and Josiah Woodhull were commissioners ; Otis Tiffany, assessor, and John Stephens, collector. In 1838, John John- ston was chosen clerk ; Richard Springer, assessor ; W. F. Bullen, F. K. Carey and Henry Johnston, town-wardens. In 1839, David John- ston was assessor and John Woodhull collector. Timothy Kilbourn, Dudley Ladd and Josiah Woodhull being wardens. In 1840, Chris- topher Davidson was assessor, and Josepli Rawlings, collector ; Richard Webb was chairman, a position which he held for some years prior to this date, while H. Johnston, D. Ladd and Jonathan Miller were town- wardens. In 1841, Henry Johnston was assessor, and W. F. Bullen, 480 HISTOKY OF THE B. B. Bingham and Wra. Grant, town-wardens. The exjienditiires of the township amounted to £27 10s. In 1842 the meeting was held at Acres's tavern, Richard Webb presiding. The officers of 1841 were, as a rule, re-olocted, with Jo.siah Uustin, R. Webb, John Johnston, Gilbert Harris, jun., and W. F. BuUeu, school commissioners. The expendi- tures amounted to £10 18s. 7d. John Johnston served as clerk until 1873. In January of that year, Benjamin Paine was appointed. In .January, 1874, I'obert Bodkin, tlie present clerk, was appointed. William Harris is the present assessor, succeeding Emanuel Wonna- cott, who succeeded Benjamin Paine. Gilbert Harris, jun., was, for a number of years, assessor in the old board. The present collector is Joseph Howlett. In December, 1871, a petition was addressed to the Ontario Legis- lature by the Middlesex Council, asking that the Township of Dela- ware be detached from the west and attached to the east riding, the distance of the Glencoe registry office being one of the reasons suggested. In 1819, Nelson Beaver's father died, and the same year his mother was killed at the door of her wigwam, at Delaware, (next the river, on S. Seabrooke's farm) by her eldest son. This son killed himself about 1827 during a row with the teacher. In 182i) or 1830, William Allen was shot by one Underwood in the swamp between Caradoc and Lobo. It appears that Allen and William Vanmur stole a horse from Peter McNames, of Brick street, and were pursued, when Underwood fired and killed the horse-thief, leaving Vanmur to escape. At this time a great number of horse and cattle thieves existed in Delaware, and in later years some desperate characters resided there. George Moore and John Jones Huntley were coroners in 1830-7, and reported eight inquests, one being on the body of an unknown man in Delaware. On easter-day, 1844, the freshet carried away the bridge at Dela- ware. On that morning, also, the minister and a number of his follow- ers attempted to cross from Caradoc in a scow, but it capsizing, all were cast into the rapid stream. The ice-water soon so benumbed two of the number, they fell into the stream and were drowned ; but to- ward evening Fred. Tiffany and others rescued the freezing survivors, among them the Indian, Half- moon. It is related by some old settlers that the minister cast oil' the drowning men from the boat. The trial of Thomas Jones, of Delaware, for the murder of his niece, Mary Jones, June 11, 1868, took place in October, 1868, before Justice Adam Wilson. He sentenced Jones to be hanged on December 15, and his daughter, Elizabeth Jones, to ten years in the Provincial penitentiary. On December 11, the execution was postponed to December 29. This murderer was hanged on that day on the spot where the Patriots of 1837 were legally executed. A son of Mr. Spencer, the brewer, was drowned in the Thames at Delaware in August, 1874. Two brothers named Deadman, were drowned in the Thames below Delaware in March, 1877. One brother was drowned COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 481 in the Thames. ' ^"^o^ned m June, 1882, while bathing l! ■ I 482 HISTOKY OF THE CHAPTER XX. DELAWAUK VILI.AGK. Delaware Village and neighborhood may be jnstly called the site of the ])arent settlements of this county, for hen^ the fir&'t immi,i,'rant3 pitched their tents, and hert; the first material improvements were made, while for many years the centre of trade was here. When the pioneers, for the first time, came to the old cami)ing grounds of Hurons or Mississaugas, there was spread out before them, as far as the eye could reach, one of nature's most beautiful jjanoramas. About 1798, the land on which iJelaware Village stands was patented to Ronald McDonald. He sold the tract to Dr. Oliver Tif- fany, under whose instructions the old village (now out of existence) was planned by Gideon Titlany, his brother. In liS:!2, the ]iresent village was established, near the ruins of the old one, Henry Hawlings building the first house that year — the same in which he carried on the hotel business for several years, and even in modern times is known as the Western Hotel, standing on the south side of the Commis- sioner's Road. In the latter part of 1S25 a post otlice was established at Delaware, in charge of Ji. 11 Brigham, who often had to collect from his neighbors a postal fee of six shillings and threepence on a letter from England or Ireland. Delaware was a rival of London, and at that time bid fair to ont- do that town in essential prosperity. The commissioners who were appointed to select a site for the county buildings actually entered into negotiations with the land-owners upon the subject. But the bare idea of the contingency of Delaware becoming a city so elated the property- holder.s, and excited to such a degree their organ of acquisitiveness, that the commissioners could not agree with them upon any reasonable terms. It would have been for the real intcnest of the parties here to have given a portion of their land for parks, squares, and for piiblic purposes generally. This was the best and last opportunity the village had to aspire to greatness. A description of the village as it appeared in 1851 is given as fol- lows : — " The soil on which the village is built is a sandy loam, dry and healthy ; very excellent water is obtained at the dejith of ten feet. Village lots are worth from ten to twenty pounds currency ; wild land in the vicinity sells at from $5 to $7 an acre ; cultivated land is worth from $12 to $20 an acre ; while the Delaware flats are of great ferti- lity and worth from $:iO to S40 an acre. There is a very fine bridge over the Thames, nine hundred feet in length, which was built at an expense of So.OOO. The population is about two hundred. There is a Church of England, and a regular service of the Wesleyan Metho- dists ; a public school, taught by Joseph J. Lancaster ; two physicians. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, 48» George Billiiigton and Alnuhiun Francis. On Dinginan's Cn^ek, which empties into the Thames at tliis ])lace, are a jurist-mill for custom work, with two run of stone, and a saw-mill, owned by S. Bullen, and car- ried on by John Kelly. There are four ilry goods stores, by .John Drake, Lawson & Ladd, S. M. Fowle, and Henry Cassidy ; two grocer- ies, by Aaron (Iregory and Stephen li. Green; one wagon-maker's and blacksmith shop, by .John Sanders ; one painter and chair-maker, Wm. Hazelton ; two cabinet-makers, John Malloch and Henry Acres; two tailors, A. Scott and Wm. Kussell ; four boot and shoemakers, Charles Peacock, Wm. Grant, Benjamin I'aiiie, and Thomas liandall ; one harness, saddle and trunk-maker, Charles S. Harris. There are two hotels, the Delaware House, with a livery stable attached, by Wm, A. Warren, and the Delaware Stage Hou.se, sign of the Queen's Arms, by Alfred Montgomery." In 1h57 the ])(i]>uIation was 2.")0. The business circle comprised : — .Joseph Abbott, shoemaker; James Allen, stage jiroprietor; (Jeorge Billington. M. D. ; John S. Branston, jn'ovision dealer; William F. Bullen, jr., dealer in dry goods, hardware, groceries, produce, etc., etc. » William F. Bullen, sr., clerk of 4th Division Court; A. W. Deadman, watchmaker ; >Ienry Deadman, teacher in Pine Hill Academy ; Mrs. Docherty, dres.smaker; Mi.ss S. Dowling, dressmaker; Dutton & Hey- ward, general dealers ; Itev. llichard Flood, M. A., rector, Church of England; E. Gregory, shoemaker; Hall & Ross, shingle and sash- factory ; C. S. Harris, luojnietor of Western Hotel ; John Harvey, pottery ; Friend Hilton, shoemaker ; J. & F. Jackson, carriage- makers ; Lawson & Ladd, general dealers ; — Lyman, teacher in conmiou school; Phillip Alackay, general dealer ; John ^[alloch, cabinet-maker ; Thomas Miller, car|)enter; Benjamin Payne, bailiU'of Division Court; Charles Peacock, shoemaker ; Henry Eawlings, librarian ; Jo.seph Ris- den, butcher ; Andrew Robertson, clothier and tailor ; William F. Rogers, airpenter ; Lewis Sanagan, cooper ; William Sowell, general dealer; Benjamin Sjainger, .1. P., provincial land surveyor; Thomas Stoddai-d, baker; Dean Tillany, .saw-mill; ^I. ^L Titlany, harness- maker; Otis Titl'any, carpenter; S. ^I. Towle, postmaster and general dealer; Lsaac Vail, brickrnaker; John Vad, grocer; T. C. Waring, insurance agent; II. .1. Webber, proprieter of Queen's Arms Hotel; Adam Wilson, saw-mill ; George Wilson, blacksmith. In 1.SG',) there were fifty houses, three stores, two hotels, several shops of the dillerent trades, a substantial brick school-house, a town hall, post-oHice, a Presbyterian Church, and an Episcopal Church. The Delaware fire of May 28, IHiSo, destroyed the Western Hotel, barns, five horses, and the Masonic Hall. F, Jarvis, owner of the hotel, lost about $5,000, while the loss on the Masonic Hall was about $1,000. Delaware, in 188S, claimed .'iOO inhabitants. David Lawson was postmaster. Robert liodkin, W. H. Kipp and Albion Parfitt were general merchants; D. Lamont and W. Whitaker, harness-makers; H. Il 484 HI8T0KY OF THK Harw()f)(l, baker; F C. .larvia, lu)t«l-k(M!por ; L. Taylor, S. Lowis, Hay & Mol'horson, blacksmitlis ; Akix. McLaren and F. H. Mitchell, physicians. The manufacturinj,' intere.sta of the villa>;e are represented by tlie Cheese Mannfactnrinj^ (J(imj)any, .Fohn Ackland's nourin<{-mill, K. Elsie's cooperage, S. Erchenberger'a pottery, and .fames Monteith's carriage shop. KilivoHh is on the south side of the Thames, nine miles below Ix)ndon. The Woodhull settlement dates back to YTJA — the pioneer Woodhull moving from York Statfl at that time, and settling here ; Charles A., who died February 27, ISSI, was born sixty-two and a-half years before. A description of the hamlet, in 1851, is as fol- lows : — '• There are about two hundred inhabitants in the place. There is a Wesleyan Methodist ('hai)el and regular service is hekl by the Episcopal Methodists in the j)lace. There are a ladies' select school and a j)ublic school, the latter tivught by Mr. McCall ; a physician, Dr. William H. De la Hooke. A regular session of the Division Court is held here. There is a division of the Sons of Temperance, numbering 112 members; a section of Cadets, numbering thirty-five members; and a union of the Daugiiters of Temperance has lately been estab- li.shed, which now numbers twenty-six members. A post-offioe has lately been established ; Charles Cook is the postmaster. The line of the Great Western Itailroad passes near this place ; a depot or stop- ping place is expected to be established near here. The Thames is very rapid at this place, furnishing fine hydraulic pi'ivileges. Then* is now a wool-carding and cloth-dressing establishment on the Thames, owned by Comfort & Co. ; a turning and cabinet-making establishment now in operation, and a saw-mill building on Huif's creek, by Wra. E. Huff. There are two dry goods stores, one by Charles Cook, the other by Samuel Drake ; one tannery, by llyman & Kedmond ; two saddle, trunk and harness-makers, John Ogden and Alanson Herring- ton ; one boot, shoe and leather store, by Alexander Forsyth ; two other boot and shoe shops, by R. I*. Simmons and Wm. Hodgeman ; one cooper, D. A. Peck; one distillery and malt-house, by Francis Jarvis ; one tailor, A. Mudgeley ; two cabinet-makers, Uurns & Craig, and W. E. Hull'. On the opposite side of the river, on Springer's Creek, are a grist-mill, with three run of stone, a saw-mill, two carding machines and a fulling-mill, owned by Benjamin Woodhull. There is a fall of twenty-eight feet on this creek. There are two hotels, the British American, where the Division Court is held, kept by Wm G. M inter, and the Kil worth Hotel, by Edmund Kussell." In January, 18r)2, a suspension arch bridge was erected at this point by Robert Griffith. This structure was 225 feet long between abutments, and cost $2,501). Griffith borrowed the idea from the Americans, and said a great deal for his structure, writing to railroad engineers and county councils recommending his plans. Kilworth in 18;")? was the site of John WoodhuU's grist-mill, Strong's saw-mill and J. C. Comfort's carding machine. John Brown was postmaster. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 48f) Oiurchea. — A reference to the sketch of the Allen family will point out the bef^inniiif,' of the Knj,'lish Church in Middlesex in 17'.*7. The old church of Delaware, erect(!d about 1(SM4, was razed in Septem- ber, l.S(S4, to give place to the new Christ Church, the corner-stone of which was placed Sejjtember S. Of the old church, liev. It. Flood was rector for many years, and Canon Newman for fourteen years. Christ Church at Delaware in 1H.5.S was presided over by Ilev. R. Flood. Amonp the members named on a list of that year, were : — W. W. Jell, W. Livingstone, \i. Price, the Johnstoncs, Gowanlocks, Wallises, Pattensons, Andereons, Seabrooks, Bullens, Burwells, Robin- sons, Garnetts, Hammonds, Brantons, Jett'ers, Curlings, Carrutherse.s and Fairchilds. The Koijioka mission was included in Delawaie parish. In IcSO'), Uev. E. E. Newman was ap|X)inted; Rev. C. D, Martin, LSHO, and Rev. J. ilolraes, I8S2, who also attended the church at Mt. Brydges. The Wealeyan Church on Muncey Road was opened July 5, 1«(J,S. The cost of the building, outside the land, was 18524. The church of the South Delaware Presbyterian Society was dedi- cated November 1(1, 187.S, by Rev. R. Scobee. The Methodist Church building of South Delaware was dedicated September 21, 11 acres assessed, 10,107 acres of woodland, 1,050 swamp or waste lands, and 489 acres of orchards. The value of real estate was Sl,()6N,98u, and, of personal ]iroperty, S71,4ri0. The population was placed at 3,403. The number of births was 270, and of deaths, 45. The south bran^jh of the Thames enters at a point north-east of I'utnamville, and, flowing we.stwardly, leaves the township at tlie south-east corner of London Township. Several creeks, such as Iteynolds's, Dingman's and Caddy's Creeks, nearly all tributaries of tlie Thames, rise north and south of the river, while Kettle Creek may claim to have its headwaters here, the stream assuming river shape at IJelmont, in the south west corner. In Concessions 1, 2, 3, and G, are several large ponds. South of Dorchester Station an artificial expansioti of the creek for mill-dam jiurposes exists, and near the line of London Township a few small ponds are found. The township was organized at an early date and officers appointed by the Quarter Sessions Court. As the story of this organization has ah'eady been told in the general history, and some references made to it in the sketches of Delaware and Westminster townships, we will take the only records now known of in the clerk's office, for its organic history from 1850 to the present time. The fir.st record is dated Jan- uary 21, 1850. At the meeting of that date, Wm. Niles Wi;s chosen reeve, and Jacob Cline, deputy ; (). ]\I. May bee, clerk ; John Wismer, assessor for South Dorchester ; Wellington Grouse, for North Dorches- ter ; John Howe, collector ; Robert Southerland, auditor ; Joshua I'ut- nam, treasurer ; Edward Shepherd, school su])erintendent ; Wm. Mc- Clary, road surveyor. The Council comprised the reeve and deputy, with William H. Nilcs, John McArthur, Edward Dundas, and Robert Craik. In March this Council approved of the north-west corner of Lot 12, Concession 15, South Dorchester, as the site of the new school- house. Wm. Marsh was granteil .C2 for assessing the township in 1849, and by-laws No. 1 to 7 inclusive, were signed. In May, 1850, the township seal was adopted, the words " Industry, Dorchester Municipality," being the motto suggested by W. H. Niles. In 1851 the council comprised John Gregory, John McArthur, John English and Robert Craik, with A. J. Armstrong, clerk. In December COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 487 the cov'.iicil petitiono'l the Legislature to re-attach that portion of the township attached t^'North Oxford. The minutes of this meeting are signed by A. J. Ari;i.':trong, clerk. In May, l(Sr)2, a petition to the Legislature, asking for the prohibition and manufacture of spirituous li(luors, was signed by the reeve, Robert Craik, J. Abraham, J. Eng- lish and B. Demaray. In l, after Maybee went on his western trip. John ^[. Ken- signs the records as clerk in January, 1S54 ; Joseph L Spettigue in lH~>o, anil D. Cameron and John Cameron in 18.J6. Sam. 11. Wilson and R. M. Vaniurn were of the council of this year. In January, 1857, D. P. Aylesworth was appointed clerk, and has held the position down to the present time. The members of the council for 1888 are : — James Gilmour, James Creighton, James H. Rouse, Duncan McCallum, P. II. Richard, the former behig reeve, with James Creighton, deputy ; William Woods, A. A. Urodie and Richard Venning, members of board of health ; Reuben Lane, assessor and collector, and J. B. Lane, treasurer. By-law, No. 157, provided for the deepening of Reynolds's Creek, from the Dereham line to the Thames, was approved September 2, 1872. The direct tax fell on twenty-three owners, owning 888 acres, and assessed So,'.)'.Ui, while 288 acres of town.ship land benefited were assessed 8(104. This public work was surveyed by W. McMillan. The townshij) was first settled by refugees from New York and Vermont. In the general chapter on early settlement, the grant of 5,0(10 acres to William Reynolds is described, and the history of his occu])ation in 17'.'4-r) briefly related. Among the pioneers who came in afterwards were Wm. Reynolds, jr., Sylvaiuis Reynolds, Abram CaiToll, who, in 1820-7, built a log house on Dundas street, London; Patrick Heron and Henry Scramblin, the early pathraasters ; James Choate, Peter Slaight, Abram Kilbourn, Seth, Joshua, Thomas and William Putnam, and Jacob ("ooley. William Reynolds, who was in Dorchester in 1801 or 1802, in his afiiilavit, made before Samuel Peters, P. L. S., December 11, 1858, while he was a resident of West Oxford, says that he ftime to live on Lot 20, Con. A, North Dorchester, south of the Thames, fifty-six or fifty-seven years prior to the date of the afiiilavit, aiiil remembered the old surveyor's post in the cedar swamp between Cons. A & B, Lots 20 and 21 ; and also u post on the bank of the river, between Lots 19 and 20, where a grove of wild ])lum trees was standing in 1858. For fifty years, from 1808, he was absent from Dorchester and a resident of Oxford West, and it was not until December 0, 1858, that he revisited his old home, and then came with Albert Burdick to point out the places he knew. In 1801 or 1802 this William Reynolds was assisted Iff 'NT ¥ m'i\ ti'i 488 HISTORY OF THE in coining to the township by his fatlier-in-law, Justus Stevens, and not by Samuel Sage, as the, latter a^-el•ted. Old Mr. Sage mowed grass by the acre near Dorchester Station when 104 years old. He was paid a small sum per acre, got his board, and one (;[uart of whisky per day. Sylvanus Reynolds's fatlier owned a mill on Lot 18 or 19, Con- cession A, in 1810, for in that year William McC^lary fin(is liis mill- pond marked on Hanibley's chart of IN 10. Later, William Putnam built a saw-mill at Putnamville on Reynolds's Creek, and in 1818 he had a saw and grist-mill on Caddy's Creek. Two years later, William Niles came from Detroit to ])urchase lumber for Gen. Cass, at this mill. After delivering this lumber at Detroit, he returned to Dorches- ter, where he manied Miss Dygart, sister-in-law of Wm. Putnam. The first and second concessions of South Dorchester were survey- ed in 17'.)o by Surveyor Jones. Surveyor Hambley surveyed north of the river in lT'.);v4, and south of the river in 1810. In April, 18:>1, a road from Joshua Putnam's house in Dorchester, to Dundas street in London, was reported. Thomas Putnam, son of Seth Putnam, who died March 25, 1880, at Hamilton, was born in Dorchester Township in 1804. During the troubles of 1837-8 he sympathized with the advocates of Responsible Government, but escaped the fate which waited on many of his friends. William Putnam served in the troubles of 1837-8. He went to Detroit just before the trouble, and organized a small force with which he re-entered Canada. In the battle of Windsor, he was killed, his son Henry escaped, while Ejiliraim, a mere boy, came after his father and stood by him until the latter was killed by the regulars, when he escaped by crossing the swift Detroit river on floating ice. George, a nephew of William, was made prisoner and imprisoned at London. He is now living in Iowa. Robert Craik settled on Lot 6, Concession 2, North Dorchester, in 1837 ; was forced to serve against the Patriots that year. Arthur Thompson, of Fermanagh County, Ireland, came to Canada early in the twenties, and settled near London, when there was not a tree cut on the site of London. The family moved to Dorchester some time in the fifties, where William, his son, purchased a farm near the West- minster line, and with him his father resided until his death, about twelve years ago. This pioneer was then in his ninety-third year. Among the leading residents of Dorchester in l(S78-80 were the following-named old settlers : — L. iiarnard and Dan. McCallum, 18.30 ; Wm. T. Cartwright, 1828, mill-owner in 1878; Mary Connor, 1831; Henrv Reynolds. 1834; Jacob Smith, 1835; Alfred Smith, 1830 ; Wm.'York and W. G. Banks, 1841; W. S. Niles, 1840; Duncaii Mc- Lachlan and Jolin Choate, 1839 ; James Ross, James Temple, James McCallum, James B. Lane, Alex. Johnston, and Arch. Black, 1844 ; R. Allison, J. J. Small and John Atkin.s, 1843 ; Wm. Thompsfm, 1842. Put)iamville and neighborhood in 1888 claimed 175 inhabitants. Ronald McKenzie was postmaster, and he with W. Harding were COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 489 I m general merchants ; John Dougherty, hotel proprietor ; C. McGee, harness-maker ; H Hannan and S. Bennett, carriage-builders ; J. Dun- das and J. Kussell, blacksmiths ; J. J. Murphy, railroad agent ; James Craig, agricultural implements ; and John Stewart, proprietor of flour- ing-mills. Abraham ("amfield, of Oxford East, who in 1831 was gi'anted a tavein license, kept the first school at Putnamville. Wm. Putnam, son of Seth Putnam, built the first saw-mill at Putnamville on tlie creek known as Reynolds's Creek. He sold the mill to Abrara Carroll and Gardner Myrick, and built a sawmill and grist-mill on the north side of the River Thames. On a creek now known as Caddy's Creek, he had two brothers, .loshua and Thomas, who were also in business. J")orcliester in those days was noted for pine and cedar timber : a large growth of pine lumber was then made and rafted down the river to Chatham and Detroit before the ])ine of Michigan was available. The otily settlement made then in the township was along the road now' known as the London and Hamilton road. In 1877, Rev. T. Broad was assigned to the new Bible Christian Mission of Putnamville, and served until the union of the Methodist Churches. Hari-ictHville in 1880 claimed a population of 150. S. Adams was postmaster, and he with J. Orser were general merchants. The Canada Cheese Company and Robert Facey were cheese manufac- turers ; H. Morrison, boots and shoes ; R. Thomas and R. Johnston, carriage-builders; George Davidson, hotel proprietor; ^Irs. Dundass and Miss Brice, dress-makers; E. Lewis, blacksmith; J. Fallie and J, Groat, butchers ; John Simpson, tailor ; M. Pecnnear, E. Pickard and Francis Savene, carpenters. Harrietsville in IH.")? contained a popu- lation of 100. The business circle compri,sed James Herford, R. S. Mann and John McDonald, merchants ; Edward Barnes, shoemaker; M. Morrice, cabinet-maker ; John F'owler, blacksmith ; Jonathan Thornton, carpenter ; D. L. Demorest, postmaster and saw-mill owner. Peter Imley, miller; George Grigg, innkeeper: Rev. W. Meldrum, of the Free Church, and H. Jackson, of Wesleyan. Major McMillan, born in Ireland in 1815, came to Canada in 1833; served during the rebellion, and, in 1847, settled at Harriets- ville. In 185G he was appointed postmaster there ; in 1863, raised the Harrietsville militia company, which he commanded during the Fenian invasion; and in 1878 was commissioned major, which position he held until his death, in October, 1885, at Ingersoll. So important did this militia circle become, that the government authorized the drill- shed and armory to be erected on Lot 12, Con. 5, 1808. Mollat Lodge, 3119, A. F & A. M., was celebrated July 1, 1882, with F. Kunz, master. J. J. Jelly was master in 1883-4, succeeded by Robert Facey, who, in 188H, gave place to Richard Thomas. The English Church of St. John, at Harrietsville, was presided over in 1861-2 by Mr. Des Barres, of Dorchester Station. Among the members were the Creamers, Evans, John McMil' Richard Tooley and family, the Parslows, Dunlevera and Odells ■ 1865 this is 490 HISTORY OF THE called Christ Church, and Rev. J. AV. P. Smith is in charge. Rev. J. L, Hanson was appointed in IS71 ; Rev. ¥. W. Raikes in 187.i ; Rev. P. E. Hyland, 1877; Rev. L. Fortiii, 1880. In 188;"). Rev. Charles Miles was appointed in charge of Belmont, Dorchester Station and Harrietsville. Belmont in 1880 claimed a population of ')()(). W. H. Odell was postmaster. The business interests of the village were represented by Odell & A\'atcher, Wm. Dyer, D. McKellar & Son, and W. T. Nugent, general dealers ; J. B. Cam])bell, druggist; Joseph Potts, hardware; T. Bond, furniture ; John Campbell and S. Hull, harness ; Allison & McDonald, bankers; James Kindree, baker; -Fohn Charles and T, Mapson, hotels ; J. C. Cariothers, O. Doan and D. Smith, shoemakers ; D. R Dibb and J. Kernott, butchers ; A. Abbott and R. Fonger, blacksmiths; J. McGrath, merchant tailor; Misses McPhail, Marshall and Elliott, dressmakers and milliners ; Orrel Dyer, broker ; Thomas Arkell and John McNicol, produce dealers; Dr. C. B. Spencer was physician ; J. M. Cani])bell, surgeon. The manufacturing interests claimed Evans & Fitz])atrick's cheese fiictory, A. Kellar's wagon-shop. Smith Bros.' flax-mill, and Peter Sinclair's hay-fork-factory. E. Eddy had a printing ofiice here in this year. Adam Allison's bank was established in 1881, when he arrived to take charge of the Canada Southern Comjiany's office there, William H. Odell has been post- master at Belmont for over twenty years ; has been in the county council for some years, and for a long time has been a merchant here. John G. Odell opened the first hotel at Belmont, which he conducted until 1856 ; was also merchant there, and laid out the town. Robert Creamer came to Belmont in 183") and opened a shoe store, which he conducted until 1849. For eleven years he kept the Creamer House there. l>elmont formed a part of the London Wesleyan Circuit until 1853, when it was established as a station, with Ephraim L. Koyl in charge. In 18.54 there were 163 members, with two ministers, Richard Pheljis and AVm. Savage, the latter serving until the close of 185(), when the membership was 271. In 1857, John Hutchinson was appointed min- ister, with W. W, {."larke, assistant. In 1859, George Cochran came, assisted that year by Peter Addison, and the next by Samuel Hume. In 1861, William Dignani was minister, with W. S. Mct'ullough and William Tucker, assistants ; while Samuel Tucker served the church from 1862 to 1864-5, with Wm. Tucker, John Russell and A. G. Harris, assistants. Rev. plames Kennedy was appointed in 1865, and served until the close of 18()7, when Rev. Thomas Crews succeeded him. In 1871, Rev. Hugh McLean was api)ointed, and, in 1873, Andrew Edwards, who served the church until the union of 1874. Among the assistant ministers from 1865 to 1874, were W. W. Shep- herd, Jo.seph W. Sparlii'.g, Peter W. Jones, .lames S. Ross, James Charlton, Robert H. Hall, Austin Potter and James Watson. The Methodist Church of Canada is the successor of the Wesleyan Church. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 491 James Watson were ministers ; in Messrs. Godwin, Penhall and Moil, In 1874 Andrew Edwards and 1875-7, James E. Dyer, with assistants ; in 1878-80, David Hunt, ('. Harper, E. H. Koyl and R. W. Scanlon, assistants ; in 1881, T. D. Pearson and T. A. Moore ; John Kobbins. 1882-3; T. E. Holmes, 1882; Wm. Cridland, 1883; John Robbins and John Henderson, 1884. In 18()2, Belmont is named as a mission of St. Peter's Church, of Dorchester Station, of which ^Ir. Des Barres was pastor. Among the contributors to church work there were Leonard Woane, the liraddons, Hartnesses, Beatties, Weldons, Bi'atts, Bartons, Leggs, Evanses, Nngents, Balls, Moores, and .label House In 1871, Mr. Hanson succeeded Mr. Smith ; in 187;!, F. W. Raikes, and, in 1877, Rev. P. E. Hylaud. Since 1880, the ministers named in connection with the Harrietsville Church have attended this church. In 1844 John H, L. Askin donated thirty-five acres in Dorchester for the uses of the English Church. During Mr. Des Barres' adminis- tration the present building was opened. Dorchester Station in 1888 claimed 450 inhabitants. Frank Chit- tick, jr., was postmaster; Captick & Rossitcr, J. H. Hunt and IC. Vincent were general merchants ; Hemy Webster, harness-maker ; W. H. Chittick, hotelkeeper; G. W. (.'hittick and J.& D. Mclnlyre, butch- ers ; G. Johnstone, builder. The manufacturing industries comprised : — D. Bari'y's flouring-mill ; Neeley & Durand, agricultural implement- factory ; Neeley & Wilson's iron pump- works ; J. McNiven's pumj)- factory ; E. A. McCaini's and W. E. Wilson's planing-raills ; M, Tal- lack's wagon shop ; and Shaw & Son's mattress factory. In 1844, .lose])!! N. Hardy settled at Dorchester Station in charge of Matthews's lumber business and store, and kept the post-office there for about thirty years. He was the last survivor of the men who left Ireland in the ship Brunswick for the colony of New London. His death took place in 1884. His father settled in Nissouri in 1818. James B. Lane, who settled at Dorchester Station in 1844, carried thirty pounds of nails on his back from Lontlon, to use in erecting his blacksmith shop there — the first building in the village. W. H. Niles states that Geiner built his log hotel within forty rods of this black- smith-shop about 1824. Pickett purchased the place and erecteil the present frame house. This was later known as the McFarland House, and later as the Hulfman. When D. P. Aylsworth settled in this township (1848), there was only one small frame house at Dorchester Station, occupied by James Minkler, north of the river; while on the south side was Hutfn' n'.s tavern and Cartwright's saw-mill, where the grist-mill now stanc' . The Dorchester post-office was kept first by Joseph N. Hardy, who held the office for many years. I. N. Burdick was tem])orary master until Wm. Scott was appointed, who held the ])osition until 1888, when he moved to the Unit^^d States. Frank Chittick, jr.. was appointed postmaster early in 1888. During Scott's administration, James H. 'i 492 H18T0UY OF THE Hunt transacted the business of the office for a short time. The Eiif»- lish Church congreidu ill 1S.S8 had a iioimlatioii of JdO. A. IV Mcdre^'or was ]i().stniaster, succeeding' S. Dewitt, who resi^'ia^il in 188(1, ami he, with T. itosser and Charles Mctlre^'or, were ;,'eneral merchants; .lohn Mul- lins and F. McNau<,'hton, hotel-keepers; Hiij^li McLean, hardware dealer; John McEachern, bank.r; .1. A. Hui^lies, hlacksinitii ; tLSiuiji- 8011, shoemaker; .lohn Sinclair, butcher; Mrs. I'owell, millinery: A. McTag^art and A. Hyniaii, pain-buyers; \Vm. I lolme.s, cabinet-maker ; and Hector McFarlane, clerk of Eklrid and ajipraiser of the ('. 1*. !,. & S. Co. The manufacturing industries are represented by the Appin Cheese Manufacturing Co., Duncan Hamilton's stave factory. Nelson Craig's turning mill, NVhittaker & Mclvenzie's and Kicliardson »t l?ui- nett's saw-mills, and Walter Melburne and John English, carriage iind wagon builders. The disastrous fire of October, 1888, destroyed the pluning-mill. The New Connexion Methodist Church of Appin was comjileted and opened Oct. 10, 1870. The total co-st was ::<7<»0. This .society merged into the Canadian Methodist Church in 1874, and became a part of the Melbourne Circuit. Among the members of the church at Ai>pin in 1884 were : — John Horn, the Mathers, Havenei'.s, Hardy.s, Jane ami Mary Miller, iJessie McAlpiiie, Ann McCalluiu, Zena Kershaw, and Caroline Horn. Appin Circuit of the Methodist Church of Canada formerly formed a part of Na])ier and Melbourne Circuit. In 1875 it was set off as a separate circuit, with William Welliniott 2'astor, who eoiitimied to serve there nntil the close of 1877. Hcsiiry E. Hill was i^reacher-in- charge from 1878 to 1880, George LouirIs assisting in 18S0. In September, 1885, the iiuestioii aiuse of building a Presbyterian Church at Appin. The committee on subscriptions comprised J. Mc- lutyre, J. ^IcFie, A. B. jVIcCJregor, A. Campbell, T. MeUoberts, and K. Webster. In January, l.S8(), the contract for building was sold to A. Clanahan. who completed the work in November, 188(1, and the church was opened on November 7, by liev. J. Eobbins. Charles McFie, who settled near Aj)i)in about 1845, organized a Sabbath school there, of which he continued superintendent until 1888, when he died. Court Fidelity, I, O. F., No. 180, was instituted at Appin, Dec. 21, 1885, with the following-named officers: — I J. Long, W. Towe, George Mullins, John Simpson, John (."oiigdon, Josei)h Mitchell, Dr. ^litchell, W. Scott, C. Neeves, T. Holmes and D. Sinclair. The house of Mrs. McGill, near Appin, was destroyed by fire April COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX. ■iW IH, 18H.S. Mrs. Sctli Cniiiii iind diii' cliild wcii! Imriicd snvertdy. The hniisu was oiu! ot'llic (iklcst in tlu; vicinity, luiviiij,' slood thure since 1H47. MelliDuriic, knf)wn to pioneers lis Old Fort, Inter was I.onj,'\V()od rost-oilice, until the station was established, when the name was chan«;ed to \Vendi,i,'o, and in .Inly, \HH7, to Mell)ouriie. The firo of IVlareh '2','t, 187S, wiped ont the old villaj^'e eonipletcdy, lint within the last decadt^ it reeovered from tiie disaster, ami in l.SS.S claimed a popu- lation of over 'MH). J. (i. 15e<,'j,' was jioslmaster ; Cooper, Jliciiards & Co., and (J. F. Vail, <,'eneral merchants; Mrs. F. Harvey, Mrs. Fletcher, Mi.ss McNeil, milliners and dressmakers; (i. \V. Trayte, baker; Hobt. F'letcher. tinsmith; H. Harvey, harness; A. M. John.son, cabinet- maker; ilcNulty 6c llavey, hotel jirojirietors; ,]. Lon<,', butcher; G. \V. Spoiienbnrg and J. Slrothers, carriage-builders; and the Tolson flouring-mill. 'I'he New Cuiniexion Chinch of Melbourne dates back to 185'.), when .lames Seymour was i)reaelier. Heiij. Haight served in iSdO-l ; William Webb, 18tJ2-4; -Tosei-h Follick, l.S(ir.-7 ; Itobert Walker, lS()8-70 ; William McCann ; 1S71-3; aud .lames H. Orme, in LS74. In ISCiO the memliership waS(S2; in 1.S74 it decreased to 74. The Wesleyan circuit is noticed in the history of Napier and other Metho- dist centres. The corner stone of the ^lethodist Church building was l.laceil May 24, ISSd, by KiiV.s. W. G. H. McAllister, .1. Robinson, and the builder, Thomas Hull. The Presbyterians sold their interest in the Union Church building there in April, 1883, to the Kegular Baptist Society. The I'resliyterian Church of VVendigo, or Melbourne, was dedicated September 21, 1SS4. Diifferin Lodge, No. :>(;4, A. ¥. & A. M., was chartered September 12, 187K. The list of ma.sters is as follows :— D. A. Sinclair, 187S-80 ; D. McKae, 1.S8I-2; 1). A. Sinclair, 1.S8:! ; Edward Fenwick, 1884-5; D. A. Sinclair, 188G-8. The Ma.sonic Hall was opened March 5, 187il. MiddlemisH dates back to 1875, when two houses, erected in the dense forest, formed a nucleus for a village. In June, 187G, a railroad depot was comjihited, and a dozen of stores and dwellings sprung into existence. George Middlemiss, the founder, had his .saw-mill here, and in that year erected his grist-mill. Benjamin Lockwood was the first general merchant and postmaster. The mill, store, and two black- smitli and wagon shops fonued the business circle. The Walper mills at Middlemiss were destroyed by fire in Febru- ary, 1885. The Middlemiss barbecue of July, 1882, was principally an Indian show. The murder of Grant Silcox was perpetrated December 28, 188)5, by burglars, within his own store at Middlemiss, in Ekfrid Township. A year prior to this he purchased the post-office store of R. B. ("amp- bell for whom he was formerly clerk. Albert C, Wrightman, an iijfl ' '• mm iiiL 500 HISTORY OF THE evangelist, was arrested, charged with the crime. David Randall and John Simmons were also arrested. The village in 1S88 had a population of 2G0. Daniel Decow was postmaster; Campbell & McLaohlan, merchants; H. Ingham, boot and shoe dealer ; M. C. Campbell, H. B. McArthiir and F. H. Wade, brick manufacturers ; Abel Wal{)er, owner of the flouring-mills ; G. Watson and G. Simmons, blacksmiths ; R. H, Reynolds, railroad agent ; J. Mark, grocer ; and II. Graham, carpenter. The corner-stone of the Methodist Church was placed by Amasa Wood and Rev. Mr. McAllister June 20, 1887. The building was opened September 11, that year, the cost being $1,000, John VVebb, Adam Clarke, James Clarke, Robert Fletcher and Eflmund Richards are the trustees, and they with twenty-five others form this society. The church is in the Melbourne circuit, of which Rev. H. W. Locke is minister. Strathburn in 1888 claimed a population of 75. Hugh Mcllae was ]3ostmaster and merchant; Robert Ferguson, blacksmith ; Jacob Steinhod', shoemaker; and Samuel Waldock, proprietor of the flour- ing-mills. Mayfair in 1888 claimed a population of 50, John E. Campbell was postmaster ; J. E. Lee, saw-mill proprietor ; and the Mayfair Manufacturing Co. were the proprietors of the cheese-factory ; C. J. Campbell and G. C. Elliott were insurance agents. Muiicey in 18cS8 had a poprlation of 75. Alexander McGregor was postmaster; the McGregor Brothers, general merchants; H. Han- non, blacksmith ; James Furey, saw-mill owner ; and E. Empey, hotel proprietor. Christina had a population of thirty-five in 1888. John McKenzie was postmaster and general merchant ; A. Sluth, wagon-maker ; and Robert Smith, blacksmith. Knox Church was organized in 1884, under the oversight of the Free Cl\urch Presbytery of Hamilton. The following parties were ordained as elders at its first session ; — J. McKellar, J. Allan, A. McBeau, R. Brodie, and H. Leitch. As these men departed this life, tiie session was sustained by ordaining other elders as their successors. These were : — S. Mclntyre, J. Becton, G, Tait, N. McBean, A. Fletcher, A. McBean, A, Eadie, D. McArthur, A. McKellar, J, Mclntyre, C. Caruthers, J. McCracken, J. Smith, D. McNicol, J. McTavish, D. Campbell, A. Walker, N. Munroe, D, Ferguson, P, McNeil, W. Leitch and C. Munroe. The Deacon's Coini, having charge of the temporalities of Knox Church, was constituted in 1848, consisting of the following members : — H. McAlpine, W. Symes, J. McRae, D. Fletcher, C. McFie, A. Coulthard, J. Smith, R. Coulthard, D. Mitchell, A. McTavish, .1. Monroe, P. Mitchell and M. Downie. The number of communicants at the date of organization was forty-eight. The present number of members over the field, then under the oversight of Knox's Session, is about 6 ; John McVicker, Douuald McArthuv and T. S. Edwards, 18.S7 ; Archibald Sinclair, isaS ; John Cutter, ISo'.l; R Hobson and Peter Caini)bell, 1S40; A. N. Cohoo, Alex. (Jray and John McCallum, 1!S42 ; John AlcPherson, A. A. McArthur and John B. Nicholl, 1844; Hugh D. Johnston, 1). K Mclntyre and Elijah Zavitz, 1845 ; Alex. Stewart, 1S4(). Komoica in 1888 had a population of 27 ; Alexander, May oO, 1(S24 ; died in June, 1825, and Margaret, Aprd 22, 1826. The latter was bajitized by Rev. A. Mcintosh in May, 1826. The early marriages, not noticed in the chapter on pioneer matrimonial allairs, were : — On March 7, 1823, Arch. McFarlane and Janett Bryce were married by Ira Schofield, uad on December ;>, that year, a child, whom they named Margaret, was born. They had their second lawful daughter May o, 1825, and their first lawfid son April 4, 1827. John Donaldson and Mary Anne Phillips were married May 10, 1827, by Ira Schofield. The clerks of London township from 181'.) to 1888 are named in the following list: — DuTican Mackenzie, 181U-25 ; Wm. Geary, 1826; Duncan Mackenzie, 1827-30 ; Joseph N. Hardy, 1831-3 ; Wm. Geary, 1S34; J. W. Hardy, 1835; James Farley, 183C> ; John Brown, 1S37; Wm. Geary, 1838 ; Joseph N. Hardy, 1839 ; James Williams, 1840 ; Wm. Gain, 1841-4; John Sifton, jr., 1845-8; and James Ferguson, 1849. Mr. Grant, the present clerk, has filled the position very accep- tably for many years. Pioneers.— Joshua Applegarth, an Englishman, settled on a small ridge near Blackfriars bridge during the War of 1S12. His object was to raise hemp on the flats. Owing to the manner in which he sull'ered from ague, he moved to a point near Henry Schennicks, and later T ;( 512 HISTOHY OF TIIK lived in tliu house wlioro Goodliue liittT kcjit sUm* on Conoeasion 1 (this h(tiiso is siiiil to havt;- becui built by one Hubbard, who started a stillhuuse across the road). " After AjipleHarth left his cabin nlxive the Hats, about 1817," says Robert Summers, "the minors from Lam- beth sijuatted in tlie one and a-half story log Iiouse — a chimney at one end and a window in th(i upper i)art of the other end. His daujjiiters weie, Marian and Pauline. After the first settleiiutnta were made at London, J)ennis O'JJrien would call often on Marian, cUmbinj,' the gable and enttu-ing the chamber through that window in Romeo fashion. On one of such occasions a conspiracy to trap him for the purpose of blackmail was put into eil'ect, but the Romeo, jumping from the win- dow, escapeil." The Oxtoby and 1 )ecker families and all those men named in tlu! foregoing municipal record were there shortly after 1 )ccker. .lohn Talbot, born in Tipjjcrary County, Ireland, Se))tember L'l, 1797, died at Robinson, HI., in 1874, where he was editor of the Conatitutlon since September, 1863. He was the second son of Richard Talbot (who, in 1818, with sixty other Irishmen, came out on the ship Brunswick and settled in London Township), and brother of Edward Allen Talbot, who, in 1831, founded the London Sun, the first jiaper in Canada west of Hamilton, and, in 183!t, established the London Freeman's Journal. In 1831, John Talbot taught St. George's School, on Lot 14, Concession (J, London, and in 1832 opened a school on Ridout street. In 1836 he was employed as editor of the St. Thomas Liberal, one of the ablest of the Patriot newspapers ; but fled to Ohio as soon as he learned of the defeat of the I'atriots at Galla's Hill. In l.S.")!» he established a hardware store at Somerset, O., where he carried on business until 18(i3, when he moved to Ten'e Haute, Ind., and the same year to Crawford County, III, where he died. During the civil war he symj)athized with the (.'onfederacy, while his brother, Freeman, who in 1837-8 was a Government man, .sym- pathized with the Federals. Each of them gave a son to defend the Union. Freeman Talbot, who in 1818 came from Ireland, settled in London Township, and, with Benjamin Springer, carried the chain eiglit years later in surveying the town site. He as,sisted in opening the first streets, worked on the jail and court-house, helped to make the first brick ever manufactured in London, assisted in building the first schools and churches, and in 1837 received the first comraissioiii issued by the London District authorities, as commissary and billet master. In 1849, he originated the first joint stock road company in Ontario, and induced the })eople of London to invest 832,000 in build- ing the Proof Line road, thirteen and a-half miles from London to the south line of Biddulph. He was the first reeve of London Township — in 1843. He established the Prototype, and was its owner and editor for years ; and his marriage with Anne Eliza Clark was the first solemnized by the late Bishop Cronyn in Canada. Edwai-d Allen Talbot, born in Tipperary County, Ireland, in 1801, COUNTY OF MII>1)LKSKX. 613 settled in London Townsliip in 1818. At tliat tim(! Giinlner's mill stood \vli(!io an? now tlie water- works, and a hlazed trail ran from thi3 nnd adjoining townships to S])rinj,'ltank. In the fall of 1S'M'>, or sju'ing (if \h:'u, Nixon's Flats, or London West, was inundated, a fact which he remembered. He served with the (iovernment in the troubles of 18.S7-8. John Fitz),'erald came from Ireland in l.S2(), and settled in London Townshiji with his wife Rebecca. F. A. Fitzgerald, a son of this jiioneer, was one of the builders of the water-works of London in 187N, and the builder and owner of the Fitzgerald Block on Dundas street. John Ferguson, born in Cavan Co., Ireland, in 1800, migrated to the Talbot settlement in ISIO; moved suUseciuently to London, where he died in October, 1885. In 18G5, his wife, Hessie Waldcr, died. John Mcllhargy came from Antrim Co., Ireland, to Lot 19, Con. IG, London, in ISl'i', with his father. In lS;;7-8 he served against the Patriots. His father died in 1857. Warren Ulinn settled in London Townshij) where the A.sylum now stands. His son William l)uilt the first street crossing, from I)ougIa.ss & Moore's store to the old Man.sion House, and delivered the first new.spapers in London. liobert .lackson, sr., of Armagh, Ireland, came to Westminster ia 1810, but in 1820 moved to Lot 19, Con. 6, London. During the troubles of 1837-8, he was quartermaster near Amherstburgh. He died in 18()4. Wm. Jackson, his son, died in 1873. John Kobson and son George came from England in 1820, and settled on Lot 29, Con. grave in 1884. She was married in 1825, migrated to Canada in 1828, and for forty-four years was a resident of London. Of her eleven children, seven were living at the time of tlie mother's decease. .Fohn Little- wood, born at Annandale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, 1775, came to Horton, N. S., about 1802, and lived there over twenty years. He came to Canada West in 18l,'(), and settled in the Townshii> of London, on the farm of the late Itobert Robson, 13th Concession West. Tlios. Howey, who si.'ttled on the east line of London Township, went hunt- ing with a man named (Dr.) Newton in 1821. They started a bear and chased the animal until night, when they built a wakiup. Next morning, agreeing upon the direction home, they started out, each one making observations, but with all their care the next night found the hunters at tlie wakiup of the night before. Evidently tiiey made too many observations. After a number of days' travel they saw a hay- stack, where they slept that night — living on bark and herbs. Next morning their dog was unable to jjroceed, but they lieard a dog bark anil soon were at Townsend's house, on the Anx Saubles, in the neigh- borhood of rarkhill. He treated them as lost and starved men should be treated, then he got their dog and treated him similarly until all were reaily to return, when he pointed out the trail to Byron. Josej)!! North Hardy died in 1884. He was born in Ireland in ISOO, came to Nissouri with his parents in 1818, where his father died in 1M!I. That year he moved to Concession G, London Township, where he resided until 18.'!9. Col. -John 15 Askin, born at Detroit, Mich., in 1787, of Iri.sh par- ents, died Nov. 15, ]8G'.I. Samuel Langford came v;ith his father from Queen's Co., Ireland, in 1827, and settled on Lot 8, Con. 15, London. His Lincoln sheep took first prize at the Centejinial Exposition in 187G. Robert Carfrae settled at London in 1830 as a carpenter, where he resided until November, 1880, when he moved south. On his way home he died in Ohio, and his death was recorded April 13, 1881. His cottage in \\'estminster, at the south end of Talbot street, was known among the pioneer homes of the city, lie it was who sold a large lot on Dundas, between Kichniond and Clarence streets, for fifty dollars. Patrick Smith, one of the ])ioneers of the north part of London Town- ship, made llie collection of farm produce, from the proceeds of the sale of which j)roduce the first Catholic Church building was erected, ^lark Dyer, an old settler of London Gore, died a few years ago, aged about ninety nine years, which number was also the average weight of the old man. On one occasion .1 ohn Hart and Wm. Sunnier arranged an encounter between Dyer and Sam. Sage, of Dorchester, who was a counteri)art of Dyer in physical ])roportions and love of whisky. The two pioneers were filled with whisky, and in this condition began the assault on one another. It was a hideous joke ; but the onUxtkers en- joyed it, particularly as the beasts could not inflict any inj(uy. Tliey rolled and rolled, but beyond this no one was injured. Crowell Wil- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 515 son, jr., born at St. Thomas in IS IT), settled in London Townsliip in 18oS, and in lcS;')9 establislied a carding-niill there, working only 9,000 pounds of wool the first year, although it was the only mill between Goderich, Sarnia and London. In 184.j he worked 4"),000 pounds of wool, notwithstanding the fact that there were then two mills at Lon- don, one at CJoderich, and one in the northern jiart of London Township. Only three horsi's could be found within tlie limits of the township in 1824, and sonietliing ])eculiar attached to them. Two of the animals belonged to one man, and there were only two eyes between the thn^e. One of the horses had oidy one '^ye, the other was totally blind, and the owner himself possessed only a single optic. Statements have frequently been made about tlie great danger incurred from prowling bears and wolves, but Mr. Yerex saw very few of these animals. In is 17, it is said, there were only two I'amilies in London Town- ship. In 1850 the population was Gfi'.'A. In 1849, Gl!,300 bushels of wheat, 82,000 bushels of oats, 22,000 bushels of peas, S.l.OOO bushels of turnips, with 32,000 pounds of wool, 28,000 ])ounds of butter, were produced. Land was held at 817 per acre, and wild land at S7. in 184'J, there were five grist and four saw-mills in the township. Among the prominent early settlers of London who resided in or near the city in 1880 were: — M. J. P. Anderson, 1833; the Bechers and Wm. Balkwill in 1832 ; J. Blackburn, 1847 ; J. M. Cousins, 1842; John Cooper, 1834; Henry Colerick, 1837; R. W. Cowley, 1832; Wm. English, 183"); James Ferguson, 1835; David Gla.ss, 1830; Wm. Glass, 1827; W. C. L. Gill, 1842; Geo. T. Hisco.x and CD. Holmes, 1837; Charles Hutchinson, 1840; J. Jellery, 1845; George Jackson and E, Leonard, 1838; H. ]\Iathewson, 1842; W. J. jVIcIntosh, 1847; W. K. .Meredith, 1840; ("harles Murray, 1S37 ; Plummer and Son, 1841; Thomas Peel, 1842; D. Regan, 1839; Col. James Shanly, 1830; F. St. G, Thompson, 1845; Thos. W^astie, 18;!9, and A. S. Abbott. The sale of the old toll-gates, within London Township, took place in February, 1882, J. T. Dinsmore being auctioneer. Gate No. I, Hamilton Road, was sold to Thomas Roberts for .'?92, while other relics were sold to Patrick Flynn, who said: — "I intend to ])lant them right in the orchard, so that my descendants, a hundred yeavfi from now, may get a glimpse of the old relics of barbarism, and have a faint idea of what we u.sed to suffer antljiut uj) with in the nineteenth century." Dayton's gate was sold to Robert Webster for !i?50 ; Rising Sun gate, or that at W. H. Rook's corners, was .sold to Henry Sifton for .^42 ; Stinchcombe purchased the Petersville ga'o for 875 ; while No. 1 gate, on the Sarnia Road, brought .840. Churches. — London Tf)wnship Circuit of the Methodist New Con- nexion Church was formed in 1835, with James .Iack.son and J. Whaley, ministers, the membership being 164. In IS.'!)), Wm. C. Ward, Alex. Nickerson, J. Whaley and T. Waldron were preachers, the number being enlarged owing to tiie fact that St. Thomas was 516 HISTORY OF THE united to this circuit. In ISMT, Robert Earl, James Bell, J. Haney, B. P. Brown and W. Benson preached here ; in 18.S8, John Shilton ; in 1839, Darius Bettis; in 184(1, James Laidley ; in 1841, E. Van Norman; in 1842, Edward Bailey; in 184o, Owen Campbell; in 1844, John C. Warren ; in 1845, A. Armstrong ; in 1847, Wm. Both- well; in 1848, Charles Childs ; in ]84i>, Henry Coates and J. B. Kersliaw. In 1850 the circuit was divided into London City Circuit and London North Circuit. London North Circuit of the Methodist New Connexion Chnvch was detached from liOndon Township Circuit in 18,")0, with Henry Coates and James Baskerville in char<:;e of fifty members. James B. Kershaw was here in 1851-2 ; Walter Preston, 1853-5 ; James Scott, 1856-8, with R. J. Tyler, assistant; Wm. Tindall and John McGuire, in 185',l; James Seymour, in 1860-1, with R. Dunlop and A. Hartley, assist- ants; James Scott, in 18()2. with T. L. Wilkinson; Wm. Gundy, in 186."i-5, with Burns, Keani and Robinson, assistants ; James White, in 1866-7, with A. B. Walker and N. A. Macdiarmid ; Joseph Follick, in 181)8; William Webb, in 18(i9-70 ; Robert Walker, in 1871-2, Thos. Grandy being assistant in 1872; Robert Smylie, in 1873-4, with W. L. Hackett assisting. The Wesleyan Church building on the 16th Concession line of London and the middle side-road east of the Proof Line, was completed February 2, 1862. The London Wesleyan Circuit, formerly a part of London City Cir- cuit, was estabhshed in 1845, with C. Flumerfelt and Geo. Kennedy, preachers. In 1846, William Dignam replaced Kennedy. In 1847-8, William Pollard came, Francis Chapman assisting in 1847, and Charles Silvester in 1848. Richard Phelps was preacher from 184!) to 1851, with Edward White and John G. Laird, assistants. In 1852-3, Alex- ander T. Green, with James Taylor and Thonuis Crews, preached here ; in 1854-5, Thomas Cleghorn, with T. Crews and J. W. Savage, were the ministers ; in 1856-8, John A. Williams, with J. S. Clarke and A. E. Russ, were on this circuit; in 1859, Charles Turver; in 1860-1, John G. Laird and Samuel Tucker ; in 1862-3, William English and Isaac Barber. In 1864, London Circuit ceased to exist, and London North and London South were established. London North comprised the northern part of the township. The first minister was William Chajmian, in 1864 ; James Ivison, 1865-6 ; William J. Hewitt, 1867-9 ; James Harris, 1870-2 ; Charles String- fellow, 1873. London South, or the south part of London Township, was set off in 1864, The pastors of the Wesleyan conference were : — Noble F. English, 1864-5; James E. Dyer, 1866-8; Richard J. Forman, 1869- 71; Noble F. English, 1872-3. London North Methodist Church of Canada comprised Wesleyans and New Connexion Methodists, when founded in 1874, ("harles Stringfellow, the first minister, reported 179 members. He with H. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 517 E. Hill were ministers in IST'j ; James Kennedy and William H. Gane, in 1876 ; he with G. W, Henderson, in 1877, and with William Penhall in 1878. In 1879, William Walsh and James W. Sifton were ministers, and he with William H. Spence in 1880; William Walsh, of Birr, and W. H. Spence, in 1881; Thomas Jackson, 1882-^; with George Kejinedy, jr., assisting, who was replaced in 1884, by F. li. Stacey. The Methodist buildings at Melrose were completed in January, 1888, during tlio administration of Ilev. Mr. Muxworthy. In July, 18:!;5, William Proudfoot, of the United Church of Scot- land, then settled in London Township, presented a petition to be autliorized to celebrate marriage. This was granted. In July, 183"), his son was appointed pathmaster, vice himself, who removed. For over half a century the name has been connected with the (Jhurch in London Townshi}) and city. Ilev. James Skinner, who died on the 12th Con. of London, October 17, 186.3, v/as j>astor of two Presby- terian congi'egations in that vicinity for twenty-five years. AnH(, or St. Johns, in 1880 comprised 260 inhabitants. Alfred Cummings was postmaster; Mrs. Elliott and B. E. Sifton, general dealers ; Kobert Clark, John McNabb and W. Bernard, blacksmiths ; Edwin Brooks and John Parker, hotel-keepers; W. Guest, harness- maker ; W. Cummings, butcher, and W. B. Thompson, shoemaker. George Shoidts was physician. The manufacturing industries were I'epresented by James and Wm. Wyatt and G. Allen, wagon-makers, and Jacob Hawkins's flouring-mill. Arva claimed 200 inhabitants in 18r)7. .John Atkinson, of St. Johns hotel, and John Monaghan were innkeepers ; Wm. Saunby, grist-mill ; B. E. S. Sifton, Stiles & Gordon, merchants ; Thomas Elliott, saloon-keeper and baker ; John Elliott, Itobert Orr, AVm. Bell and John McNabb, wagon-makers and black- smiths; John Hebblethwaite, cabinet-maker; John Irwin and Job Wilson, shoemakers; Miss Wheatley, milliner; Crowell Wilson, farmer ; Green Brothers, woolen-factory and saw-mill ; Joseph Sifton, postmaster, .and Dr. Brunson. Thomas Elliott, who settled in London Township in 1849, and was hotel-kee])er at Arva (St. Johns) for twenty years, died in September, 1S84. He was Captain of the St. .lohns Infantry Company, utitil succeeded by Geo. Wood, who gave place to Capt. Thomas 0. Kobson. The old Montgomery House near Arva was leased in April, 1883, by Geo. Porte, of Lucan. St. John's English Church was presided over in 1845 by Rev. C. C. Brough. In l!Sr)8-9, the name of G. llylands appears as an incor- porate member, and among others, the Talbots, Fitzgeralds, Curries and Lewises. In 1, Rev. Wilson succeeded 3Ir. Davis. Mr. Wilson now resides at Wingham. In 1873, Rev. J. Walker Marsh, the present rector took charge. The Emmanuel Church, or Shoebottom congregation, ajipears to have been formed in 1S82, when Rev. R. Fletclior was appointed; in 1884, Rev. W. ^L Seaborne succeeded, and then the present pastor named in the general chapter. Hyde Park Corner in 1888 claimed a poptdation of 400. A. E. Morris was postmaster; R. G. Fisher, barrister ; Wm. Fuller, saw-mill owner ; J. M. Jackson, physician ; G. S. Kennedy, hotel proprietor ; ]\Ialcolm McArthur, depot agent ; John Fenner, G. Morris and John !Morris, butchers, and G. Treemer, carriage builder. The village is near the Junction of the (rrand Trunk Railroad and the London, Huron & Bruce Railroad, in the midst of a rich agricul- tural district. Owing to its proximity to London it has never attained a higher position than a hamlet. The English Churcli of Hosannah dates back to May .">0, 1881, the fu'st regular minister being Rev. A. Fletcher, but before that Ven. Archdeacon Brougli used to occasionally hold services. Rev. ]\lr. Sago was appointed in 1882, and while services have since been held in the school-liouse, his ei forts have resulted in the jiresent church being commenced. The first trustees were Henry Routledge and Finchamp. The corner-stone of the new church building was placed July 10, 1888. Churchwardens, Messrs. Thomas Routledge and David Cum- mings; Building Committee, Messrs. R. Shaw Wood, John Wallis, jr., John Woods, John Routledge, George Nixon, Francis Edwards and Robert Routledge. The site was presented by Capt. R Shaw Wood. The modern school-house at Hyde I'ark was completed in Decem- ber, 18(>7, at a cost of 81,500. The trustees were -Fames Fisher, Jas. McDonald and Jonathan Wade. Rev. Andrew Kennedy, who, in 1841, sailed from Scotland for Canada, and in 1847 settled at Hyde Park, died in ]\Iay, 1882. It was said in 1881 that he was the oldest Presbyterian minister living. He was buried in the Proudfoot cemetery, London Wed, or Petersville, was incorporated Jinie 5, lcS74, on a motion made by Thomas Routledge, seconded by John M. O'Neil. AValter Lawrence was appointed returning oflicer, Gibson Wright and John Evans having previously taken the census. In 18(82 Messrs. Hammond, Lackie and Wattam were elected councillors of London West, with J. Piatt, reeve, and W. Spence, deputy. In 18()i); and on May 2 the manufacture of cheese was begun, the product averaging Onu lbs. per day during the season. The officers are: — J. W. Ferguson, president ; E. K. Sale, vice-president ; Peter Bowey, C. Goulding, and R. M. Hobbs, directors ; J. W. Taylor, secretary ; and James Bell, tieasurer. The ceremony of opening the new English church at I'irr took place January 18, 1880. The new house stands on the same lot with the old one, where Archdeacon Brough preached for twenty-five years, and where he died, March 14, 1873. To Rev. Robert Wilson, who took charge of the parish in 1872, the completion of this church build- ing was, in a large raeastu'e, due. Elginfield in 1H'.\8 claimed :!01 inhabitants. Matthew Glass was postmaster and hotel proprietor ; Stephen McCormick, merchant ; Patrick Mangle, cheese-manufacturer ; Elias Blake, brick-manufactur- er ; James Hawkins, blacksmith ; William McCombs, veterinary sur- geon ; and James Burtch, cabinet-maker. In 1857 the population was 50, while the business and church circles were made up as follows : — Rev. P. (Jrinian, Roman Catholic ; Dagg & Holloway, blacksmiths ; George Eighenbrot, shoemaker ; Farrell & Smibert, store-keepers ; William Frank, postmaster and store-keeper ; Andrew Gardener, tailor ; Claudius Hamilton, store-keeper ; James Hawkins, blacksmith ; Wm. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 521 H. Eyan, tavernkeeper ; and Rev. James Scott, New Connexion Methodist. Denfidd (formerly Brecon) in 18.S8 claimed 100 inhabitants. John Edwards was postma.ster; B. McKay, general merchant; John Orr, hotel-keeper ; Isaac Hodsoii, wayon-maker ; and D. \). Brazell, saw- mill owner. The history of the early Baptist Chnrch is related in the pages de- voted to Lobo Township. In October of 18.'>4, an intlependent organization was effected, which was long known as the Welsh Baptist Church, and later as the Denfield Church. The ministers present at its organization were Elders Paul and Vining. The constituent members numbered between forty and fifty. Some years later they determined to build a house of worshiji. The resolution was adopted in the evening, and the next morning five young men went to tho woods and began to cut the timber. It was hauled out that winter, and the house put up in the spring. It was in it the present church was formed when the members withdrew from Lobo. A frame building succeeded the log, and in it they worsliiped until about l a meeting, the first recorded, was held at Robert Hodgius's house, when \Vm. Carter was chosen clerk ; Law- rence Barry, assessor ; John Hodgins, collector ; Thomas Laughliu, pound-kee))er ; W. Henry, R. Long and Isaac Moody, wardens ; W. Lewis, 11. Merrick, R. Seals, Thomas Laughlin and Geo. Barber, school commissioners. The names of Lawrence Barry as assessor, and James Varley as collector, appear in 1844. Isaac Moody, William Lewis and Thomas Richardson were wardens. Robert Hodgius. the collector, reported the receipt of £26 (is. for roads from Treasurer Harris, of London district. The pound-keepers in 1845 were John Forbis, .Tohn Corbett and Wm. Boydon ; wardens, James Cotter, Thomas Richardson and Patrick Flanagan ; assessor, Wm. Barber ; collector, John Hodgins ; councillor, James Barber ; clerk, Wm. Carter. The pathmasters were : — J ames Neil, W, Henry, James Varley, Wm. Lewis, John Cain, John Ryan, Henry O'Neil, Eichard Sail, Jeremiah Collins, Thomas Elwood, John Bradley, James Cotter, James Monaghan, Christopher Lewis, John Doran, James Craig and Wm. Fisher. In 1846, James Simpson was assessor. In 1847, James Barber was elected councillor. In 1848, George Carter was chosen clerk ; and William Carter, councillor, with Patrick Flanagan, Andrew Neil and James Carter, wardens. In 1850, John Flanagan was appointed clerk ; William Fisher, reeve ; Thomas Richardson, collector ; James i 524 HISTORY OF THE Simpson, assessor ; Thomas Hodj^ins, treasurer ; Kobert Long and John Graham, auditors ; James Hand}', superintentlent of education. Be- yond the enactment of sundry laws governing the runnin6 were : — Samuel West and family, the Hannas, Eobinsons, Kees, Joneses, Wil- liamses, Kennedys, Cassadys, Tweddles, Camerons, Nickols, Tedders, and Coles. Nursery class of the Methodist ( 'hurch of Lucan appears on the records of 18JS4. Among the members at that time the names of the following are given : — Joseph Dixon, Geo. Shoults, David ( 'ob- bledicks, John Grundy and wife, Wm. Lewis, John Atkinson, Jonas Powe, the Neils, James Thompson, Frank Abbott, Richard Culbert, W. W. Itivington, Thomas ClolV, (ieo. Williams, and their families, with a few otliers. This class forms one of the appointments of Lucan Circuit. Another church was organized there in 1801, by Rev. Jas. Walker, who came from New Brunswick to spend a season with his followers here. In May, 1862, organization was completed with Peter, Ann, Sarah, Alexander and Cliarlotte Cathro ; Francis and Eliza Lowe ; David and Jane Daly ; John McVicker ; William and Eliza Alway ; Levi, Ezra and Eleanor Turner ; Catherine Kennedy ; T. Woodburn ; E. Holland ; Edward and Eliza Lonsborough, and Phoebe Saunders. Ezra Turner was ordained pastor Se])tember 3, 1862, by a council of the churches known as the London Welsh, first and second of Lobo, Pinehill, Sylvan and Arkona. In the fall of 1866, a frame building was erected on land donated by John Holmes, next to the burial ground hitherto donated by Mr. Castro. The last pastor of this society was Rev. R. Fountain, who migrated to Ohio in April, 1888. The brick Presbyterian Church of Lieury was dedicated in October, ]88(). The congregation of this church is referred to in other pages. St. Mary's English Church, McGillivray, may be said to date back to 1863, when Rev. H. Caulfield, of St. George'.s, London Township, was appointed to this mission. In 1864 a mission was established in West McGillivray under his care. In 1866, W. E. Walker was ap- pointed. In 1869-71, Rev. W. Davis was pastor; Rev. F. Ryan, 1873 ; Rev. C. J. Green, 1874-5. In 1877, Mr. Holmes attended to St. Mary's and Christ Church, and also Carlisle mission, as well as Trinity, of Ailsa Craig. In 1878, Rev. W. Johnson. In 1847, Rev. H. C. Cooper presided over the English Church, McGillivray, or Devonshire settlement, which then had five stations (but no church building) and eighty members. St. Mark's Church, of McGillivray, was presided over in 1859 by Rev. S. Tighe, who was also rector of Biddulph. COUNTY OF MIDPLESEX. 527 Bostoti mission was established in 1 87So3-4 the actual pioneers arrived, and they kept far away to the south from the pensioners. David Brown, who died in 183(i, his son, Robert, John Lemon aud (ieorge Mortimer are credited with being the working pioneers. The Walkers, Mitchells and McCallums, Scotch or Scotch-Irish, settled in the western sections, McCullum dying there in 187r), having almost reached the age of five score years. In the early years of Metcalfe those old settlers had to march twenty miles south to Kilworth for a gi'ist-mill ; to London, thirty miles away, or to Port Stanley, fifty miles away, for markets. A iiioneci' of LSo."!, giving a pen-picture of the townsbij) in early days, says: — " ?t that time there was no Township of Metcalfe, for Metcalfe was, in liUll, formed of a part of the Town- ship of Adelaide and a ])art of Ekfrii). The now Township of ^Metcalfe was, in lS:i;>, almost an unbroken forest, and inhabited by wild animals, and, occasionally, the red man on the chase. But that forest has since succumbed to the hardy woodman's axe, and, in the room thereof, we have now the large fields of golden grain, as well as the nuti'itious pastures and meadows so much desired for the support of man and beast. In the early days the carriages were not quite so light or stylish as they are at the present time. The first carriage that I saw, and knew to be owned in the township, was one with the wheels cut oil' a large oak and Jio irons about it, and very noisy at that, for every time the wheels rolled they went all the way round, and it could be heard about two miles. I have, on several occasions, met an old lady, who then lived three or foin- miles west of Katesville, with fifty pounds oi flour on her back, which she used to carry from Woodhull's mills at Kilworth Village to where she lived near Warwick, and I believe no lady of the present day can do the same. But I am often now re- minded of the old lady carrying the flour when I see young ladies of COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 529 the present day wearing the ' Grecian Bend.' I have often seen a farmer's wife in the olden time take one baby on her back and another in her arms, and go into the woods and hunt the cows, while her good- man would be away in an older settlement earning flour for his family at home, or, perhaps, the money to ])ay his taxes. And I believe very few ladies of the present day, at least, this side of Parry Sound, will do the like now. I have known good fall wheat to be sold for twenty- five cents per bushel ; and I have seen flour sold at 814 per barrel of 11)() pounds. In the spring of 1S37 oats were sold m (Jaradoc for seed at Sl.oO ])er bushel of tliirty-four pounds, and in the fall of the same year oats were sold for ten cents. Often have 1 seen a yoke of oxen driven from here to Port Stanley with loads of grain for sale, and then get very little for it." Christopher Beear, or Beer, a commander in the royal navy, was granted 800 acres of land in Adelaide, on the 10th and 11th Conces- sions, and in W60 took pos.session. In 18;!2 he brouglitout his family. During the troubles of 18M7-8, he commanded a boat at the " cutting out " of the Caroline, which went over Niagara. He died in Metcalfe, July 22, 1871, ag'.d .S2 years. liobert Boyd, born at Grenville Co., Out., in 182.">, accompanied his parents a few years later to their pioneer home in Metcalfe. Ultimately, he carved out for himself a home on Lot 12, Con. 14, in that town.shij), where he resided until his death, Aug. 24, 1879. For ten years prior to his death he was class- leader of the Methodist Clnu'ch. Edward Goldrick, a pioneer of Met- calfe, died Sept. 7, 1881. In 1x2'.), Wm. Kuudle and wife settled on Amherst Islajid, and in 1838 moved to Metcalfe. Mrs. Kundle, a daughter of Thomas Moyle, died in August, 1881, at Strathroy. -lohn Bateman, born in Ireland in 12 tlie family movqd to Ohio, but during the Kebellion of 18;)7-8 they fled to Canada, owing to the fact that the people of Ohio all .sympathized with tlie Patriots. The Bentleys took up arms for the British authorities. In IS.'iS, Robert aiul an elder brother began freighting on the London and Hamilton r(jad, and continued so until 185;!, when he purchased 200 acres in Metcalfe, near Katesville, and opened a general store in the villnge. Many of the pioneers of the townships round Strathroy remember tlie Bentley wagons, and the weary, tedious journey from Hamilton to London. Kobert died January 4, 187'.'. The Winter family .settled here in 1850. Mrs. John Morgan, who with her father, brothers and sisters, came in 1856-7, died in April, 1879. HISTORY OF THE Among the early settlers who are named in a list or prominent residents of 187iS-5 ; 1). McKellar, Sylvester Moore, and Wm. l>oyd, 1838 ; John Cough and E. J. Thomas, 1837 ; Anthony Toohill, 1836 ; Wm. Brock and Wm. Henry, 1840; John and Alex. Arthurs, John Hutton find John Johnston, 1843 ; Josejth Field and Neil Mnnroe, 1845 ; John and llichard Kielly 1(S44; and Kichard Henry, 184('). Napier. — In 18r)2, when the firm of Keefer & Cook was dissolved at Strathroy, Mr. Keefer, in partnership witli Col. Arthnr, estal)lished a saw-mill on Bear Creek, at a place they called Xapier. The (juantity of fine walinit timber in Metcalfe suggested this enter] irise. They also established a store there, and had a post-oflice established, of which Iveefer was first master. The village claimed a population of 150 in 1857. The business interests were represented as follows: — Col. -Fohn Arthur, Edward Gouldrick, Munro & Bingham, merchants ; George Emerick, iimkeeper ; Jas. Ball, saloonkeeper; Abram Frelick, ( 'lias. Knapton and Donald McKellar, blacksmiths; Thomas Boyd, shoemaker; David Bowers, carpenter ; John Munro postmaster ; Arthnr Clarke, agents for Provincial Insiu'ance Company ; J. Sutherland & Co., grist, saw and ■woollen-mill owners ; Henry Sifton, owner of steam grist and saw-milLs. Napier in 1888 claimed over 200 inhabitants, .lohn Hutton was })0st- master, and he with J. S. Calvert and Eobert Brock were general merchants. Kichard Dnnlo]i'.s saw-mill, F. Marcom's pump-factory, and Stevenson's and W. H. Sutherland's woolen-mills were the manu- facturing industries. A. Nixon was pliy^^ician ; Chas. Knapton, hotel- proprietor, and Alex. Bowll)y, cabinet-maker. Churches. — The early members of the ( 'atholic ( 'hurch in Metcalfe, whose names ajipear on the records of 1840, written by Father Kii'wau during his visit of that year, are : — Martin Callinan, Patrick Finnerty, John 13olger, M. McMurray, .losejih iinidy, James Brady, Ulick Joyce, Owen McAIurray, John Kilbride, Thomas Caitley, Wm. May, John Lawe, Patrick Mclntire, Thomas Coleman, John ( 'ribbins, Henry St. Leger, Wm. Lawe, John Brady, Arthur Harpe, John O'Brien, Charles Turner, Wm. Monahan, M. McAuliH'e, Martin ( 'allinaii anil M. JVIalony. The mission was attended from Adelaide U]) to 1871, when it became a part of Strathroy jiarish. In 1852-4, I{ev. M. McNulty attended the Metcalfe and Ekfrid mission. St. Marys mission of the English Church is mentioned in 180.'!. Mr. Falls was pastor. He also presided over Adelaide, including St. Catharines at Katesville, St. Amies or Adelaide and Strathroy. Bev. S. L. Smith was appointed r(;ctor of St. Marys in 1870, and since that time the pulpit has been variou.sly filled, as related in otlier pages. The new I'resbyterian Church building at Napier was opened January 8, 1888, Rev. J. R. Johnston, of Alviustou, being pastor. t COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 531 Najrier, formerly a j)art of Mount Brydges Wesleyaii (Jircuit, was establishetl in ISllO, and Ifev. James Thornton ap])ointed pastor ; William W. Miller served from 1(SB1 to l.SGo ; John K. Williston, in lS(i4; Elias W. Frazee, in 18G5 ; John L. Kerr, ISnii; James Laird, 1S67-8 ; Ebenezer Teskey, lH(;9-70; James H. Stonehonse, 1871-2, and John IL Isaiic, in 187;!. At this time the nienil)er!3hip was seventy, being eleven over the number in 1S6(). In 1874, Napier "VVesleyan Society was presided over by William Shannon; but in 1875 the mission was divided into Ap])in and Kerwood. Appin and Na])ier ("ircnit was established in ISSU, with Heiny E. Hill and G. Lounds, ministers ; W. Penhall and if. W. Scanton, in l(S81-Li ; Wm. Penhall and C. W. Holden, in 188.">; James E. Ford and Wilhara Cridland, in 1884. The brick church on Con. 14, Metcalfe, was dedi- cated by Ilev. E. B. llyckman, of the London Conference, and H. E. Hill, of" the Appin Circuit, October tl, 1878. The binlding cost 81,800. D. 1). ]\Icl'liail, of Strathrf)y, and Howard Davis were the contractors. Societies. — Ionic Lodge, 328, A. F. & A. !M., was organized nndor disjiensation June Hi, and under charter July l."i, 187">. The first ollicers were: — N. J. Lindsay, W. M. ; Cr. W. Harris, S. W. ; Thomas Hayes, J. W. ; H. G. Lindsay, secretary ; Alex. Arthurs, treasurer ; R. B. Hungerford, chaplain ; Jas. Graham, S. I). ; 11. Cor.slu!ron, J. D. ; H. Fryer, steward; F. Harris, I. (,}. ; J. Stewart, tyler. The list ot past-masters is as follows: — N.J.Lindsay, 1875 to 1877; liichard Dunlop, 1878; li. Corcoran, 187*.); ^Michael Bennett, 1880; James W. Cameron, 1881-2 ; A. Arthurs, 188.S; W. S. Galvert, 1884 ; Alex. Cameron, 1885; W. J. French, 18M6; James Buchanan, 1877. Among the fatal accidents hi this neighborhood, i.ot mentioned in the general chapter, are those of John Sutherland, who vas killed by one of his horses, Nov. 20, 1S72 ; and of Michael Mc.Murray, who was frozen to death near his home, a mile from Kerwood, in Deaanher, 1872. Kdtesville is one of the oldest villages in Western Middlesex, and for this reason its early history, like that of Adelaide, is given in the general ohai)ter on the settlement of the county, while mention is made of it in the sketches of Adelaide and of Strathroy. For years a general store was conducted here by John Brennau, who, in 1850 was a leading merchant. The village in 1857 contained a ])opulation of 150. Among the business men were : — Wm. ^IcClatchoy, B. W. Brennan, Itoliert Bentley, and Kent and Long, merchants; James Shi'ijlierd, Francis Kells, .and James Killbride, innkeeper; James Miller, builder ; (Jeorge Murphy, painter ; James Kells, cooper ; Thos. Duncan and Wm. Fulton, shoemakers ; Wm. Clarke, carriage-maker; I'atrick Finaughty, tailor ; Sam. ALaddock, laborer ; Alfred Session, smith and wagonmaker; Thomas Session, farmer; Wm. Patterson, no occupation ; Bev. Wm. King, of the Scotch ( 'hurcli, atid Be v. A. Mortimer, of the Adelaide church ; Wm. McClatchey was postmaster. Katesville post-oilice was discontinued in 18(19. A Grange of the I'atrons of Husbanilry was organized March 24, 532 HISTOUY OF THE 1875 with the following officers : — S. W. Dell, master ; Samuel Laugh- ton, overseer; Joseph Laughton, lecturer; James Laughton, steward ; Matthias Maim, assistant steward ; George Laughton, chaplain ; S. Moore, treasurer , John E. Laughton, secretary ; David Laughton, gate-keeper ; Mrs. R. Kettlewell, Ceres ; Mrs. D. Mann, Pomona ; Mrs. 6. Jonger, Flora; Mrs. S. Laughton, lady assistant steward. In 1876 a counterfeiter's den was discovered here and broken up. Wisbeach.—St. Paul's, Wisbeach, was established in 1877 as a part of Adelaide parish, although as early as 1872 there was a frame church there which cost S'JDO, and a church population of 20(1. In 1870-tJ, Rev. R. Fletcher, of Warwick, attended this mission ; in 1855, Rev. J. P. Curran; in l>Si)6, Rev. J. C. Gibson; and in 1858, Rev. A. Williams, of Warwick. Kilmartin had a population of 110 in 1888. D. B. Mclntyre was postmaster and hotel ])roprietor. The Presbyterian Church at this point is noticed in the history of Ekfrid Township. COUNTY OF MIDOLKSKX. 533 CHAPTER XXVII. MOSA TOWNSHIP. Mosa Township, forming the extreme south-western division of the cmmt}', is bounded south by the Thames, which divides it from Elgin. Kent county forms its southern, and Lambton County its northern, Hue on the west ; while Metcalfe and Ekfrid bounds it on the east. From a line about one mile south of the railroad to a line two miles north, may be called a plateau. South of this, a dozen or more of small streams meander toward the Thames, while northward, numerous feeders of Bear Creek flow toward the north-west. Mosa, in 1.S50, contained 1,775 persons. There were two grist and two saw-mills, one fulling-mill and one carding machine in oper- ation. In 1. McKellar, lcS87-8. The secretaries have heen : — Andrew Thompson, 1872-82 ; r.enj. Watterworth, 1883-8. The otHcers for 1888 are :— Mark Walker, ])resident ; A. B. McKellar, vice-president; Benjamin Watterworth, secretary; Duncan Campbell, John Watterworth, Isaac Kathhurn, A. :\I. Leitch, John S. Walker, N. Cume, sr., C. S. W. Simj)soii, B. Watterworth and John Guy, directors. There are 122 members. In January, 1879, a motion by Nathaniel Cunie, .seconded by B. Sam])son, expressing the wish of the Mosa Society to unite with that of Eki'rid for a union of fair.s, was adojited. Churches. — The Methodist Episcopal ( 'hurch, known as the Simp- son api)ointment, dates back to the fifties, when services were held in the school-house where the church now stands. Among the early mem- bers were ; — John Sim])son, Elijah Sutton, Elijah Lumley, Benjamin Watterworth, and the widow Amie Watterworth; while in the squire's class were six members of that family and John Webber. Later we find Benjamin Watterworth's class comprising eight members of that family, seven Gilberts, two Heunans, two De Graws, four Williamses, two Johns, John Sim])son, Mrs. Lumley, Lydia Thomas, and Mrs. Sampson. In 188-i those classes were merged into the Methodist Church of Canada. The Baptist Church of the Watterworth settlement on the Long- woods road, three miles east of Wardsville, was dedicated December .■>1, 1882. Kev. Mr. Best assisted the pastor, Rev. Mr. Carey. Itev. Alex. Eraser, for several years ])astor of the Presbyterian Church at Longwoods, died near Fort Ellice, N. W. T., in 1883. In 1 845, Abram Francis donated eleven acres to the English Church of Mosa. Fires. — In September, 1883, John Currie's farm-buildings were destroyed by tire. Part of the buildings formed, at one time, what was known as Heywood's hotel, on the Longwoods road. A painting representing this fire is the work of H. N. McEvoy. The fire in Mosa, September 14, 1873, destroyed John Ferguson's house. His aunt, a woman of eighty years, was burned to a crisp. Battle with, a Bull. — In May, 1888, a young man named Fred. James was attacked by a two-year-old bull, and a terrible struggle for supremacy ensued. The youth received the first fall, but succeeding in catching the animal by the horns, lodged several well-aimed blows on his eyes, and ultimately won the unequal contest by kicking the furious beast on the jaw. Longivood in 188iS hfvd a potjulation of 75. Daniel Nicholls was postmaster and also hotel pro; • : 11. Nicholls, general merchant ; Miss Pratt, dressmaker ; James .6T, dealer in agricultural iraple- 636 HISTORY OF THE ments ; and John Pwtt, dealer in boots and shoes. Oliver White, who for fourteen years was aj^ent at Loii<,'wood Station, i)ostniaster and wood and tie contractor for the Air Line and Canada Southern roads, died at Gloncoe, November 25, IHcSO. Knapdale in 1888 claimed a ])oj)ulation of 55. James McDonald was postmaster ; D. & N. Mitchell, lumber dealers ; and Colin Mcln- tyre, dealer in live stock. Cashmere, also called Canton, was a village of 100 inhabitants in 1857. There were the Hennett sash ftictory, George Fleming's saw-mill, James Gardiner's carding and grist-mill, also Gardiner's saw- mill and blacksmith shop, Singleton Gibb's saw-mill and blacksmith shoj), John Moloch's blacksmith-shop, Charles Hawkins's cabinet-shop, Christopher Hendershott and Henry Fleming, tavern-keepers; E. M. Heal, jwst- master ; Daniel Campbell, carpenter ; and Wm. Gardiner, land-owner. The hamlet of 188 ' had a population of sixty. George IMansfield, the postmaster, was also general merchant ; Michael Dixon carried on the flouring- mill, and Hector McNeil was wagon-maker. The deluge of Cashmere occun-ed in February, 1876. The ice-jam at Moravian Town bridge, five miles west, caused the river to rise twenty-seven feet above low water, thus flooding the village to a depth of from three to five feet. It is said that there was not dry laud enough on the Cashmere town plot to keep the village pigs on. In March, 1862, the Cashmere well was bored by Leick. At a depth of sixty-two feet the auger entered the gas region. When taken out, gas issued from the boring with a great roar. A match was capplied when the flame rose five feet over the Allen pipe. Leick found nothing but soapy clay for fifty-eight feet under the four feet of surfiice clay. M ( COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 537 CHAPTER XXVIII. NEWBUUY VILLAGE. Prior to the establishment of the office, Newbnry was known as Wardsville Station. The first house was built by Robert Thompson in 1851 south of the railroad, the same which is now owned by Robert Anderson. The owner donated seven acres to the Railroad Company for depot purposes. The Newbury post-office dates back to 1853, when Robert Thompson kept the office where William Jeffrey now lives. About 185(j, G. C. Secord was appointed, and kept the office where the Commercial Hotel now stands, then Secord's private house. In 1858, Thomas Robinson was ap])ointed master, and held the office until 1882, when Joseph li. Kelly, the present incumbent, was appointed. Mr. Robinson had the office in his store just south of Guppy's new store, the same which was destroyed in the fire of 1887. Thomas Robinson, born in Roscommon County, Ireland, in 1824, came to Newbury in 1850, and was in the employ of the Great Western Railroad. In 1854 he opened a general store in the village, in 1865 erected a saw-mill, and in 1867 a new store building. In 1859 he was appointed postmaster, and in 1873 elected first reeve of the town. Newbury claimed a population of 500 in 1857. Among the people were the following-named business men : — Alex. Campbell, Albion Hotel ; D. Graves, American ; Hugh Mcintosh, Rob Roy ; G. J. Smith, Western Railway Hotel; David Sullivan's Hotel, and Drake's Inn. The merchants were : — Wm. Clements, Edward Little, Thomas Robinson and J. B. Smith, with D. S. Stinson, dry goods ; Cornelius Mitchell, druggist ; Arch. Kerr, Kitchen & l?ro., and Thompson & Son, saw-mill owners, the latter owning a grist-mill. Morgan kept a flour- store ; Hailey was provision dealer ; Joseph Cook, tinsmith ; Henry Farland and John Watson, bakers ; Fletcher & Bros., iron- works (John Gay's blacksmith .shop being a part) ; James Newcombe, shingle- manufacturer ; Wm. I'almer, chair-maker ; Edda Newcombe, steam planing and sash and door factory ; Wm. 01 lis, baker and confectioner; John Baker, butcher ; Adair & Storey, D. W. Bartlett, Robert Burgess, Tom Randall, shoemakers; Edward Armstrong, Ben. Barber, Tom Boyd, Thomas Brawley, John Bracken, M. D. Call, L. Clitl'ord, John Higgins, Joe. Kelly, C. Lymies, Steve Moore, Parks & Bro., Jim Smith, and W^m. Stevenson, cai-penters ; Sam. Beamish, livery ; Dave Sullivan, stage-owner ; John Boyden and Geo. Kitchen, blacksmiths ; A. W. Gamble and James Wallon, physicians; Robert Thompson, sr.. Justice of the Peace ; Henry Butler, Steve Moore, Ed. Snell, saloon- keepers ; J. C. Tolls, cooper ; Irvin Holmes, Charles Olds, and Geo. Weston, cabinet-makers ; James Holmes, painter ; W. J. Irving, tailor ; 638 IIISTOIIY OF THE ■ ■, Ho.v. \\. Liiwi'oiicc, M. K. (Jliui'ch; W. S. Moore, railroiid !it»(Mit; R. MuiTiiy, coiivoyaiiaii' ; Neil Downey, teudier ; (J. C. S' i^oni, ])ost- niaster. Newbury Villiij,'(i was incorjiorated June 7, 187-, l\y act of the county council, known as by-law '212. The stated ])o))ulation on which the ])etition was based was over 750. In lS7;i .lolin D. Anderson was aii]K)inted first clerk, and Thomas Robinson, reeve. In Nov(Uuber, LS7.'>, Josejih Mills sigiis the records as clerk, and A. D. Purdy, asses- sor, in 1874, Josejih 15. Kelly was chosen assessor (his salary being jilaced at SllJ), and Wni. ("leinen.s, reeve. In 1874 the drainage of the llagarty Creek was considered by the council, in 1S75, Samuel Harvey was assessor, and Robert Anderson, clerk. In 187(1, John 1). Anderson and VVm. Schwarder were ai)]>ointed assessors ; Joseph U. Kelly, clerk ; and Thomas Robinson, reeve. Wm. Archer was as,sessor in 1877, with Jo.sei)h Mills, treasurer. During this year a bonus of 31,000 was granted to aid the Coombs grist-niill, and debentures issmid, the last being jiaid in 1886. In 187cS, Philij) Laird was asses- sor, and Dr. Alex, (iraham, reeve; succeeded in 1879 by Samuel Harvey and Thomas Robinson, respectively. In 1880, Charles Tucker was appointed assessor; Dr. Graham, reeve; and John J. Archer, clerk. In 1881, John D. Anderson was reeve ; .Joseph B. Kelly, treasurer; and P. H. Laird, assessor. The council in 1882 comim.sed Messrs. Coond)s, Burr, (iupjiy and Armstrong, with John J. Archer, clerk, who served until ]May, 1888, when he was succeeded by J. J. Rheintgen. In 188M, Dr. IJoome took Councillor Gupj)y's ])lace, with A. G. Ward, asse,s.sor, and Sam. JIarvey, collector. In 18.S4, W. K. Regis replaced John P)urr on the lioard. In 188."), Councillors Burr, Laird, Regis and Armstrong formed the Board, Mr. Anderson still serving as reeve. School debentures to the amount of StiOO were issued this year, the last payable iu 1804. In 18.^6, W. J. Guppy was assessor ; A. Graham, reeve ; James McLean, Dr. Roome, Gay and Milton, councillors. In 1887, A. G. Ward served as as.ses.sor and collector; Hugh Armstrong, Benj. Thompson, Hugh S. Laird and James McLean formed the council. The council for IJSN.S was com- posed of Thomas Robinson, reeve; Hugh and John Armstrong, W. J. Guppy and -loscph ]\Iilton, councillors; Charles Rush, assessor and collector; James Douglass, treasurer; with J. J. Rheintgen. Schools. — The School Board was organized in 187.'!, and Dr. W. F. Roome, who is still a member, was then elected. Thomas Robinson retired in 188G, after over thirteen years' service. Dr. Alex. Graham served some years, and also VV. E. Regis, 11. Cusick, John J. Archer, J. D. Anderson, Joseph B. Kelly and Mr. Storey, who died a few years ago. The ])resent school building was erected ])rior to the organization of the village, and while Thomas Robinson and Mr. Storey were trustees of the old district — about 1 857. Among the early teachers was Neil Downey, a lame man, who preceded Allan Craw- ford, who remained for seven or eight years. J. M. Leitch succeeded. COUNTY OF MIDULKSKX. 53!) Rov. Dr. Webster filled tlio oflico of tnistcio for si few years. J. J. Rhoint^on, the, ]iresent jn'incipul, has now bt.'eii four years in charj^e of the schools. The present trustees are : — Dr. W. ¥. IJoonie, John D. Anih'rson, Alex, Arinstront,', Hnj^h Arnistroni,', Aaron Ward and Joseph Deaeoii. Josejih H. Kelly vas secretary of the IJoard until 18H5, when W. K. HeyiH was ajipointed. Fiirs. — About 18(1(1, Thomas Robinson's saw-mill, which he had jmrchased in 1857 or \'A~iH, was destroyed by fire. About 1876, Early's tin-sho]) and the Storey Hotel were destroyed by lire. In 1877, Thos. L'obinson's saw-mill was l)lown up, when Alex. King, the sawyer, was killed. The engineer was badly wounded, while the owner lost about $10,000. Two years ago Dr. (Jrahani's residence was burned to the ground. The destruction of Robert Armstrong's house at Newbury, and the death of his father from burning, were recorded April liO, 1879. The deceased is said to have been 108 years old. In 1830, he came from Ireland to Byetown, moved thence to St. Thomas, and, in 183r», to a point a mile north-west of Newbury. The Newbury fire of Sejitember, 1887, destroyed a number of buildings, including the jn-incipal business houses. It originated in the house of W. i>rown, September ]2, and within two hours the whole village west of Main .street, and south of Bayne & Douglass's store, was in ashes. The net losses were as follows : — Wm. Brown, $200; Town Hall and lockup, §000; J. B. Kelly's post-office, store and dwelling, $2,000 ; A. D. iMitchell's store, dwelling and storehou.se, $2,000; A. Smith, dwelling and .stable, $200; Dr. T. F. Campbell's loss, $riO; W. J. (!upj)y, $1,500; Thos. Robinson, dwelling and .store, $4,000; Sam. Harvey, dwelling, $G00 ; Mrs. Porter's stable, $500; R. McPherson's, $50 ; Grand Trunk Railroad section house, $200. R. Anderson's stock was covered by insurance, and in the above list of los.ses the figures represent the amount above insurance. In October, 1888, W. J. Gup])y and Thomas Haggard erected two brick commer- cial buildings in the burned di.strict, while the Town Hall was com- pleted that month. George Middlemiss was run over by a train, near Newbury, and killed, in March, 18S0. Scxriefii's. — Albion Lodge, No. 42, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July 28, 1857, with Daniel Graves, muster; George Clark, S. W., and Amos A. Wright, J. AV. In 1858 the by-laws were printed by a committee com])osing Dr. Dugald, S. McKellar and Andrew Wilson. The oldest record in ])Ossession of the lodge, other than the charter, is dated 18G6, and gives the number eighty. The masters of the lodge since that date are named as follows : — -James Thompson, W. 1). Mc- Laughlin, J. C. Bracken, 1868-'.I; Geo. Mansfield, W. D. Hammond, 1871-."^; George Mansfield, 1874-(;; Thomas Robinson, 1876-7; Dr. W. F. Roome, 1877 ; John D. Anderson, Wm. Beattie, W. F. Roome, 1882-6; J. '1. Rheiutgen, 1887-8, There are now seventeen mem- bers who own their own building and lot, valued at $700, erected soon after organization. Daniel Graves was a past master, and it is sup- 640 HI8T0UY OF THE posed that George Clark and Amos A. Wright rdle, when Maidy Beu.son took charge. Edmund S. Shorey came in 1871 and served until l87o. The society increased from 125 to 137 members. The Methodist Church of Canada is the union title given the AV'esleyan Society in 1874. William J. Ford ministered to i;{7 members in that year. In 1875 the mission was united with Wardsville; in 1876 it was again a circuit, with Mr. Ford preacher; but in 1877 was reunited to Wardsville. The Newbury Mission (Christ Church in 1867) of the English Church was presided over in 1861-2 by Rev. J. T. Wright. Among the members at this period were : — George J. Smith, the Deacons, Rutleys, Armstrongs, Robinsons, Stewards, Campbells, Stoeys, Balls, Wandless and Davis. Rev. G. W. Wye took charge in 1870. Mr. Gunn, of Florence, preached here prior to Mr. Wright's coming. The Presbyterian people of Newbury attended the chuicli at Wardsville prior to 1875, when a society was organized and a church building completed, Oct. 17, that year. Among the leading members were James Lamb and wife, Alex. King, James Douglass, the Adair family, Wm. Bain and wife, and David Webster and wife. The lot (two acres) was donated by John Penny, of Albany, N. Y., who became a member here. Rev. James Donaldson was then minister. COUNTY OF M1DDLK8EX. Mt bH«k ch,,,.eh an!& ainSa.t''*,'''^ '""^ «" "'» Ihe population of the villa"e in Mav 18s« k„c a .x. returns, was 478 • but fhp fim,! Y ^ ,' ^^^''^ *'" ^^^ assessor's payers and their familt " ' °"^^ ^'^"^ exclusively with tax- 542 HlSTOllV 01'' THE CHAPTER XXIX WAUDSVILLE. vVardsville, known in the days of 1812-14 as Ward's Station, and lator as Mosa, is now a modern town. Hen; in years lonj» past a few 4, when John D. Anderson opened a general store in a log building (since moved), the only otlier dwelling there was a mere shanty. A little later Big John Ward established his tavern at this po""'^ L^iing the only one between Delaware and (,'hatham. In 1.S40 tht "ere twelve buildings in the hamlet. Dr. S. S. JMcKellar, who settled in Strathroy in 18(12, came to Canada in l.S;?7. He began the practice of medicine at Wardsville some tinu; in the forties, and subse- quently practiced at Glencoe and Appin, until 18G1, when he moved to London. His death took place January 22, 1870. Wardsville in l.S.ll contained a population of about 400. At that time the English Clnu'ch building was in existence, while the (,'atholic, Presbyterian, and INIethodist congregations were engaged in Iho. work of church building. A public school was taught by Archibald Mc- Laughlin ; Dr. Charles Rolls was jihysician ; W'li'ini K. Coi'uish, lawyer. On Paint Creek, which empties into the Thames at this place, were a grist-mill and a carding and fulling-mill, owned by Thomas Kirkpatrick. There were four dry goods stores, owned by Benjamin Grant, Henry 11. Archer, Stratliy & Lent, John Mcintosh ; one drug- store, by Dr. Rolls ; one tin and hardware-store, by yamuel Dale ; two waggon-makers, Adam Cornell and .lohn Camjibell; two blacksmiths, Henry Henderson and Ira Case; two tanneries, by Kobert Thonip.son COUNTY OF MIliDLKSKX. 543 and Robert Tanks ; one distillery, l)y Archiluild ]\rcViclcer ; four tailors, Duncan (jlraut, David Wilson, I'liilij) Hart, and John A. McRao ; two shoemakers, .Tames Jordan and William Patterson ; two saddle, har- ness and trunk-makers, John Wilson and Samuel White ; tlu'ee house- builders, Sheldon Ward, Jose])h Date, and Francis ]'>. ]iiley ; tw(j Ijrick and stone-masons, Peter Blair, Charles Hall; one cabinet-maker, Andrew Wilson ; one chair-maker, Wm. Wilson ; one jiainter and gilder, Jose])li Date ; a division of the Sons of Temperance, numl)ering fifty-three Tiiembers, an established Lodge of Orangemen, numbering twenty-eight, and two other lodges in the vicinity, were then existing. Tliere were three hotels, the Anglo-American, by A. D. Ward, the liob lioy, by Duncan Mcintosh, and the Commercial Inn, by John Dobie ; while a double track bridge was building over the Thames. The population in 1857 was 1,000. Cultivated farms near the village were worth from SIO to SlJO, wild laiids from S^! to S4 an acre. There was any (quantity of excellent timber : black walnut, white- wood, cherry, etc., etc. Village lots in central ])ositions, were worth from S70 to ij5l 00 ; back lots, at from S20 to S40. The business circle then comprised : — Henry li. Archer, Thomas Kent, .John Mcintosh, Monroe & Bro., Henry '* Paris, general merchants; James C. Ward, furniture dealer ; John Dobie, Duncan Mcintosh, Capt. Wm. Neil, and A. D. Ward, hotel-keepers ; P. Blain and Sam. Crew, builders ; Wm. Fleming, distiller; ('. J. Campbell, butcher; Hobert Calderwood and Wm. Shep- herd, harness-makers ; Jo.seph Bowes, baker; Ira Case, John Campbell, Adam Cornell, Henry Henderson, blacksmiths, wagon-makers, and the latter, machinist and founder; James Jordan, leather dealer; Charles Eolls, druggist ; Francis I'attersoi;, and Strathy & Weston, grist-millers ; Strathy & Weston, saw-millers ; D. ]>. Strathy's woollen -factory; John Thornton, cloth-dresser ; Andrew Wilson, cabinetmaker; C.S.Jones, D. S. McKeller, Charles Polls, and James Wallon, ])hysicians ; Revs. M. Prendergast and M. ( 'rinnan, of the Catholic Church ; Rev. John Gunn, of the English Church ; Rev. Edwin Peake and Wm. Ames, ot the Wesleyan ; Rev. J. Tait, Presbyterian ; B. Grant, insurance agent ; Bernard Muriay and Alex. McRae, tailors ; Francis |}. Itielly, archi- tect ; and H. 11. Archer, ])(),stmaster. The village in l.SN.S claimed a ])oi)iilation of (iOO. E. T. Dufton was postmaster, and he with Adair & ( 'o., tlie .Misses McCowan and T. A. ^iulligan, geniiral mercliants ; Jacob Wilson and John Cady, hotel- proprietors ; Henry Wilson, dentist ; Henry Hcnder.son, brick-maker; Hendenou Ih'os.' foundry ; R. Iv. Howes's furniture store ; A. A. Munro's butcher shop ; .lackson's tinshop ; Wm. She])herd's harness •sho]); Lilly's carriage sho]i; English's wagon-shoji, and a number of blacksmith — including Samuel Brown — carpei:'er, builders', and shoe- makers' shops, make uj) the business section of the town. ()(flcini History. — -The county council on June l.'5, 18i»7, instructed till! clerk to draft a by-law to incorpoiati! Wardsville, and tlie same day the act of incorporation was ])assed. The iirst meeting of the 544 HISTORY OF THI, V I. council was held January 17, 18G8. William Neil, reeve; Alex. T). Ward, John Pool, Wm. Stevely and James A. Young formed the council. George Wilson was first clerk and treasurer. The first act of the council was to correct the petition for incorporation in the matter of boundary and repetition, the council to substitute boundaries accord- ing to intention of petitioners. In January, 18(19, Rev. Joel T. Wiight and the reeve were appointed Grammar School trustees. At this time the names of Adam C'orneil and Malcolm Monroe appear as councillors. In 1870, E. Aitcheson, E. T. Dufton, W. D. Hammond, A. Corneil and Henry Henderson formed the council. James O'Neil was appointed assessor and collector. In May, 1S70, Dr. W. F. Eoome was appointed Grammar School trustee, vice Wright, resigned. By-law No. 2, adopted Feb. 10, 1868, provided, among other things, that each householder .should provide two ])ails fit for carrying water in case of fire, and for the appointment of a fire inspector. By-law No. 8 provided for the establishment of a fair and the setting off of ftiir grounds. This was passed March I'J, 1868. In 1877, Wm. Murphy was chosen clerk, vice Geo. Wilson ; Wm. Harper, in 1880; James F. H.arrington, in 1884; and D. Dun- can, in 1(S8(). The councillors of 1888 and village officers are named as follows : — Samuel Brown, reeve ; T. Hall, H. Mimna, F. B. Rielly, R. Morrison, councillors ; Alex. Mclntyre, High School trustee ; A, A. Munro, collector ; Elias Thomas, assessor ; D. Johnson, clerk and treasurer; M. O'Farrell, fire inspector; with Dufton, McPhail and Dr. Cause, board of health. Post-o^ce — The post-office of Wardsville was established just out- side the present village, with old Mr. Gibb in charge. A Mr. Hattie, brother of Adam Hattie, was the next incumbent, who was succeeded by Robert Thompson, who in 1851 moved to Newbury. H. R, Archer was the next master, giving place to W. D. Hammond, wlio held the office for five years prior to his death. In 1877, E. T. Dufton, the present postmaster, was appointed. The annual business for the last seven year.s fipjiroximates !?800. A drill shed — a wooden house — was erected on Lot i>, south side of Main street, in 1867. The threats of Fenian invasion cau,sed the authorize this buildins' for the convenience of the to Government militia. Oi'Lttt-mill. — The woollen mills were established by Thomas Kirk- patrick tliirty-six years ago. In 1863, E. T. Dufton leased the mills and carried on the busines.s until 186it, when William Marper became pro|)rietor ; but in 1871 the industry ceased. The ))r'"^ent grist-mill is the old woollen and grist-mill moved from the river to its present site in the village by '^Villiam Harper, who carried on the industry until 1.S74, when he sold to the present owner, John Heath. /''/(■e.s,— The fire of fifteen or .sixteen years ago destroyed the Anglo- American Hotel and Commercial Inn. The Rob-Roy was ]mlled down, and Thomas Hall's garden occui)ies the place. The destruction of the COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 545 Western Hotel took place Dec. 26, 1883. This building was not re- erected. Societies. — The ofticers of the Teachers' Association of IViiddlesex in 1851 were : — Nicholas Wilson, president; Jolin CaTnpbell, of Ekfrid, vice-])resident ; William Crinklaw, Westminster, treasurer; Peter Mur- tagh, London, recorder; Archibald Campbidl, of Lobo, correspondent ; S. J. Lancaster, of Delaware, librarian. Mr. Laclilan, of Wardsville, presided over the directors' Board. The Wardsville Meclianics' Institute was established in 1876. In May, 1877, it claimed ninety-five members and a very complete library. The ofticers elected in 1877 were E. T. Dufton, president; J as. McLean, vice-president; Vim. Alurphy, secretary; H. llenderson, treasurer; M. F. Barclay, librarian ; .1. Mcllory, W. Sparling, P. C. Campbell and Z. Gilles, directors. From that time to 1885 Mr. Dufton presided. In 1885, F. B. Eeidy was cho,sen president, and Mr. Dufton secretary. In 1846, Lodge 423, of Orangemen, was organized here. Among the members were: — William Sparling, John and William Patterson, George Huston, Thomas Shaw, Sheldon and George PI Ward, Old Stinson, W. J. Simpson and F. B. Beilly. The Wardsville Tract Society was organized September 30, 1867, with W. A. Gordon, secretary. Hannnond Lodge, No. 327, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July 15, 1875. The past masters are named as follows : — W. D. Hammond, 1875; Ebenezer Aitcheson, 1876 to 1880 ; P. C. Cam])bell, 1880 ; D. R. McGugan, 1881-2 ; F. Aitcheson, 188;! ; D. Johnston, 188-1 ; liobert Ward, 1885 ; Ebenezer Aitcheson, 1886 ; William G. McLachlan, 1887; G. B.Fleming, 1888. Duncan Johnson has been secretary of the lodge since June, 1881, succeeding P. C Campbell. The member- sihp is twenty-two. Court Wardsville, No. 159, of Foresters, was instituted May 1, 1885, with Thomas Heywood, Frank Davis, W. Mimna, D. John.stou, J. Freckleton, A. Parcell, J. H. Cady, E. Yorke, and Dr. W. F. lloome, first ofticers. At the close of 1887 this lodge suspended, but Mr. Lowe, minister of the English (Jhurch, reorganized a new lodge. The Mo-sa Iiulejjendent Cornet Band was organized near Wards- ville in May, 188 L, with li. C. Dobbin, leader; H. Lumley, band- master; W. H. Watterworth, treasurer; W. Lumley, E. Lumley, Percival Watterworth, Lorenzo Watterworth, Ellison, W. Gould and J. Weiitworth, musicians. Chiirchen. — Wardsville Wesleyan Circuit was established in 1847, with Solomon Waldron, pastor. The ministers who have served since that date are named as follows: — Thomas Peacock, 1848; Edward Sallows, 18411; Chas. Sylvester, 1850-2; Wm. Ames, 1853-6 ; Edwin IVake, 1857-8; Wm. Hawke, 185i)-()l; Oliver E. P.urcli, 1862-3; Conrad Vandusen, 1864. In 1864, Eu|)hemia was attached to Wards- ville, and Thomas Atkinson appointed assi.stant in 1865 ; Thomas Cleworth, 1866-7, with F. York assisUint in 1866 ; John Webster, 646 niSTOIlY OF THE 18(1S-!I; Josepli Shipley, 1870; Kicliavd W. Woodswovth, 1S71-3. The .M(;tliodistCliui'oli ul Caiiiulii at Wavdsvillo suceeedt'd tho Wesloyaii Society in 1N74. Alfred L. lUissell was pastor. In 1875, W. J. Ford ■•)s apjioiiited; in 1871', John L. Kerr; in 1877-8, James (Joodwin, and, in l.s7'J~8(), Wni. llayhnrst. In 1876 the eircnit was nnitecl with Jiotliwell. James Whiting was minister of Wardsville and New- bury in 1881-."), and George Jackson in lS8-i. The first church huilii- ing was erected in l.S")l. The first mission in .Mosa and Ekfrid of the Catholic Church dates back to February, J 849, when Eev. T. Kirwan visited these; townships. Among the names of (.'atholics here then may be found the following : — Alexander ^IcEae, John ]\[eRae, Faninhar McRac;, Alex. IVIcIlae (2), Donald Mcliae, James Jordan, John Broderiek, Hugh ^lulholland, M. Cooney, dohn Neil, Cornelius Coghlan, Denis Kegan, James ]\Ic- Carthy, Robert Temjileton, Daniel aMurpliy, John Murphy, James Herbert, William Darljy, William Greener, Jlichard Hoolihau, Edward Dunn, Matthew Mahony, Daviil Humphries, James Reid, M. McGet- trick, Patrick llyan, Christo])her Maguire, James Maguire, Michael Eyan, Thomas Twohy, George Hillen, Peter Finn, Patrick Darby, Andrew Eielly, M. Eedmond, P, I'urke, Peter Burke, Patrick Afagill, Henry Magill, Thomas Renehan, John Burke, David Conway, George McLean, \Villiara Murphy, Thomas Cavanaugh, Bart. McNtdty, Peter McNulty, the Fitzpatricks, Donald Cameron, Currans, Dillons, and Freemans. In 1873, Wardsville was established as a mission, under Eev. P. Fitzjiatrick, of liothwell. In 1876, Kev. M. O'Kelly was pastor, and in 1878, Pev. M. McGrath. The first church building was comjjleted in 1851 ; but the ])resent large brick chiu'ch was erected by contractors Sheph(>n Thomas and Clanahan and Thompson, of Glencoe, in i878-',l. The building was consecrated Dec. 29, by Bishop Walsh. liev. M. McGrath, the pastor, is credited with adding this S7,0UU building to the country. The English Church is one of the oldest organizations here. A building was erected early in the forties, and .services held reguiiirly. St. James's Chnrcl' was presided over in 18(11-2 by Rev. j. T. Wright, who had also charge of the missions at Glencoe, Newbury, Johnston's Settlement and Cox's Settlement. Among the mend)ers at Wardsville were the Hendersons, McConnells, Munroes, Humphreys, Eastnums, Wards, Paris, the Neils, Dr. Jones and Gilberts. In 1870, Eev. G. W. Wye was ayipointed; Kev. W. Hinde, 1879; and he was succeeded by the jn'esent niinister. Dr. Peiniy, of Long Island, N. Y., donated 100 acres in Mosa Township for the supjjort of the English Church there. The new church-house was dedicated May 28, 1,S84, as it was then ])aid for. The building was begun during the adminis- tration of Mr. Wye. The Presbyterian Church, to which reference is made in the history of Ekfrid, dates back to 1851, when a house of worship was erected. ScJwuU. — Wardsville Grammar School was established in 1860, COUNTV OF MlDDr.KfiKX. 647 Carrie. »„<1 H„rr?,5,,."';!L,i||,'J '"'"""" ''"'' '^l«-'»- SLorinlf, F„y, b>,tfi„":2!7,r .sst'i :f ??"*,>'"' "'""^' "'"-'^ >■«- ".^■". !i il 'I 548 iiisTOKY 01' nil'; CHAPTER XXX. GLKNCOE. Glencoe is the centre of new associations. It bon-ows no projiolling power from venerated anti(iuarianisin, since the spot wliere it stands was but yesterday wrapt in the soHtnde of the wilderness. The name, however, ])erpetrates here a terrible libel u]ion civilization, as in Scot- land it shows a stain u])on Norman Anglo-Saxon civihzation. Its first settlers were iron-souled men, who determined to hew out a town from the Longwoods, and build uj) a prosperous community. They had a mission which they performed, and so effectually done was the rough work, tliat it a]>i)ears to last for all time, and, with years, grow in solidity. The village is midway l)etween London and Chatham, and appears to the eye of the visitor to be very pleasantly located. It is at the junction' of the Air Line with the main line of the Great Western Railroad, and on the town line between the townships of Ekfrid and .Mosa. A. V. McDonald and Ross made the first plan of Glencoe in 18tJ0, and what is now one of the largest and most import- ant villages in the western part of Ontario was at that time a swamp. The Air Line, which connects the village with the (Jity of Buffalo, N. Y., was constructed in LN70. Orffanization. — The by-law incorporating the village was passed December 5, 187:>, when Andrew Clanahan was appointed returning officer for the charter election, which was held in January, 1874 ; but the council did not organize until -January 22, 1875. At the first meeting of this council there were present J. W, Cam])bell. reeve; George" Dobie, F. Steinhoff, John Boam and Samuel Frederick. J as. Dykes was elected clerk, his stated salary being .S25 per annum. Andrew Clanahan was appointed assessor, his salary being SIO. Geo. M. Harrison and John Doyle were appointed auditors ; Isaac Rath- burn, treasurer, who, on refusing to serve, gave place to John McN(ul. Wellington Stephens was appointed collector ; John Oldrieve, tavern inspector ; James Orango, pound-keeper ; J. Walker, Thomas Harris and Thomas Hind, fence-viewers. G. Dryer was appointed auditor, via; Harrison, resigned. In May, 1875, George M. Harrison was a])pointed clerk, vice Dykes, retired. In October, 1 875, a lock-up or calaboose was erected by S. S. Walker. The Council of 1876 comprised A. Clanahan, J. Rathburn, Samuel J. Walker, with Reeves Campbell and J. Boam, of the old Council. One of the first acts was a resolution to serve the new town without i)ay, or at the rate of SI per annum. At this time about 50,()0U feet of plank were ordered for the construction of side- walks and other improvements. Arch. Riddell was then assessor and 11 j\. IvI i. ij.Jo IvHvIhlii ,SCEiii\. 14 I J } 1 a \ 1 V V ^. 111 M ot C( 18 rol COl the stn ere list foil COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX 551 collector. Tn 1S77, N. Cume was reeve, with Messrs. Ciaiialmn, T'iithbuni, Walk(M' ami Jaiiuis Harris, counciiinon. In ISTH, ]). Foi'^'usoii was ajipoiutcd aiulitor, and, in 1, resided in the town hi 1878. Builclhigs.— The West Middlesex registry building was erected in 1871, but it was constructed on such poor principles that the floor rotted away, f:o that ten years later it had to be subjected to a thorough course of re])air. The site co.st §150, and the building !?1,:')35. In August, ''875, Andrew Clanahan purchased the lot adjoining the old post-office, on the north-east corner of Main and McKellar streets, removed the Leitch tailor shop and residence, and began the erection of the large brick block which now stands there — the brick used being from Southin's yard at Strathbnrn. During the ensuing four years a few buildings were added to the village; but in 1879-80 35 HISTOUV OF THE the era of great improvemoiits introduced itself. Swai.sliind it Co.'s iKtw liloek on Main street, costing' 8l-lialf story, for K. Marshall; brick dwelling, one and one-half story, for JI. Dixon; lirick dwelling, one; and oue-lialf story, for 11. Clanahan ; three frame dwellings, one and one-half story, for VValker & Sons; frame dwelling, one anil one-half story, for Wes- ley Uartlett; frame dwelling, (jue and one-half story, for Albert Walker; frame dwelling, one and one-half story, for Angus McKenzie. In April, 1881, an addition to the McKellar ILjuse, a brick store on Main street for C. B. Slater, a frame dwelling for Oeorge Huston, one for Joseph Foy, one for T. W. Evans, one for S. Thomas, one f or ajiprdpnuted l)y him is pkced iit fnun S'i.OUO lo §7,00(1. lie did not tiikc Iiis wild with liim, Imt wrote to a frii'iid at Cliatliuiu to tako caro ol' luT. IJobcrt Claiialian was a]i])oiiited jiostniasler in ISiS.'i, to Hiiccet'd Kryur. .Mmo on this subject will bo found elsewliere in this volume. Hanks. — In November, l.S7(!, A. McTa^f,'art, and Cliarles Mmiay, inana<,'fr of the Federal liauk, lea.stid a liuildin;.,' from Jolin II. Mcl!at! and had it fitteil up as a baMlhysician,s of tlui village; were I )i'. Kolls, formerly of Wan'sville ; Dr. McKellar, who died at .Strathroy ; Dr. Ferguson, now rejiresenting Wolland in F.u'liament; Dr Mclntyre, the oldest resident jihysician ; Dr. W. G. Lnndey, whtj came in 1870; and Dr. Walker. G. Adams Swan, the first resilient tlentLst, came in March, 1887. ScIu)i)Ik—T\w oldest school record in ])os.session of Secretary Har- rison is dated Jan. 12, 1870. At this time, it apjjears. No. 6 of Mosa, I) of Kkfrid, and Glencoe village schools, were united. N. Currie, Mitchell, John S. and Johnston Walker, W. J. Simjison, Dr. Lnmley, Ira Gilbert, Isaac Kathburn and E. Adams, were members of the Board ; with Dr. Lundey, secretary-treasurer. The teachers were J. 1*. Fryer, paid 8487. oO per annum, and Helen Thoniihson, ])aid 8225. J. II. Mc- Eae and Mark Walker were chosen tru.stees, vice Mitchell Walker and E. Adams, in 1877. In November a new school site was selected, the jn'oposition being made by Isaac llathburn, but set aside by a vote of fifty-seven to four in February, 1878. In 1878, Mark Walker was secretary, and Geo. Dobie replaced Dr. Lumley on the Board. ]\Iis3 Jackson was em]>loyed as assistant teacher, and the contract for new school building was sold to Clanahan & Thompson. In November, 1878, Joseph Foy and Alma Jack, were employed as teachers, at S500 and #250 per annum. In 1870, N. Currie, pre- sided, with J. C. Lawrence, secretary ; Dr. Lundey, A. McLellan, (Jolin Campbell, I. Kathburn, W. J. Simpson, Messns. McRae and Gilbert E. Adams, John Thompson, Mitchc'' and J. S. Walker, trustees, and Geo. M. Harrison, auditor. In De iber, 1879, Johnson and Mitchell Walker were chosen trustees, and W. J. Simpson, treasurer. In July, 1880, Miss Wise was assistant teacher, Isaac Kathburn and Ira Gil- bert were elected trustees for 1881, vice retiring members, and Michael Dean for 1882. Miss A. Walker succeeded Miss Wise in December, 1881 ; James Gardner, M. Dean and Mitchell Walker, were trustees for 1883, with W. Swaisland, auditor, the other members holding over, and W. J. Simpson, secretary. Mrs. Skill was appointed janitor in IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 :r"^ 1^ I.I 1.25 111 2.2 " 1^ ilio 1= U III 1.6 V] ,^^ / '^y^ '^ /^, w w '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation m V :\ w^ \ ^^^ <^ '•* 6^ 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 r^^ I. <^ 1 v\ I 554 HISTORY OF THE Januaiy, 188:1 In December, ISSo, Samuel Ranton, Miss McTavish and Miss L. Kerr, were emjiloyetl as teachers, and Alex. Stuart chosen secretary. The trustees for ] 884 were : — Geo. M. H.irrison, Aligns McKenzie, Andrew Clanahan, .Tohn McCracken, with Messrs. M. Walker and M. Dean. Geo. M. Harrison was appointed secretary- treasurer. In 1 HH5, John L. Charles's name appears as triistee, while Geo. M. Harrison was chosen chairman as well as incumbent of the dual office to which he was elected in 18(S4. In December, 1885, Geo. Harris was elected trustee ; Mr. Stuart was employed as teacher, with Miss ]\IcTavisli and Miss Kerr, but in October, 18.S(j, Miss Sutherland was employed to preside over the third division. In December, 1886, John Oldrieve, James Harris and Geo. M. Harrison were elected trus- tees, vice memliors whose terms expired, with .1. S. Walker, J. L. Charles and J. ]\Ic('racken holding over. In June, 1887, J. K. Stuart resigned his charge of the schools. In September, Messrs. Charles and Oldrieve proposed tliat a meeting should be called to consider the (question of establishing a high school, but the motion was lost. Archi- bald McVicker, Miss 15. McTavish and Miss Springer, were employed as teachers. The present trustees are : — Geo. M. Harrison, John L. Charles, J. A. Young, W. Swai,sland, James Harris, and John Oldrieve. In October, 1887, the first meeting to consider the question of estiiblishing a high school at Glencoe was held. For some twelve months prior to this, suggestion after suggestion was oflered in the 'Transcript. N. Currie presided, with A. Sutherland, secretary. Among the leading friends of the question were : — George M. Harrison and I.saac Ratlibuni, Messrs. Swaisland, Charles, lleckton, McVicker, J. A. Younge, Alexander Stuart, James Harris, J. A. Leitch, J. Foy, D. Otton and Doctors liUmley and Walker. The committee appointed to carry out plans for the e.stablisliment of the school here comprised : — Alexander Stuart, G. M. Han'ison, James A. Younge and Itev. I). Currie. The order-in-Council advising the establishment of the Glen- coe High School became a law Marcli 1, 18S,S. The first trustees of the high school were: — Dr. W. G. Lumley, Alexander Stuart and Rev. D. (.'urric, ap])ointed by the County Council ; S. J. Walker, Elisha Adams and George M. Harrison, by the village of Glencoe, with A. Stuart, chairman, and Geo. M. Harrison, secretary treasurer. The High School Board in June, 1888, purchased two acres from Thomas Simp.son, in the south part of the town, as the site for their building, the price being $(320. On July 16, 1888, the contract for building was sold to A. (Jlanahan for $6,47">, and that for heating and ventilating to Smead, Dowd & Co , of Toronto, for 8850. The building was opened in January, 1889. IJy-law No. 76, providing !S9,(J0() for high school purposes, was passed August 21, 1888. Churches. — Among the old members of the Methodist Episcopal class at Glencoe were Mitchell and Harriet Walker, in 1856 ; Mrs. N. CuiTio, 1858; the McCutcheons, the Parish fixmily, the Hinds, J. Squire, R. Ganhner, E. Adams, the Golfs, Youngs, Linns, and others. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 665 Among the members of the Methodist Church of Canada at Gleucoe and Lethbridge at the time of the union (1884) were : — li. and Jennie Twiss, John, Eliza, John A., Wesley, Charlotte and Ettie Craig, Wm. Weekes and family, Wm. and Maggie Coyne, Mrs. Harris, Seneca Edwards, the Quicks, Eyckmans, Penlbunds, Halls, Alice Charles, Mrs. Cochrane, James Stevenson, Mrs. Skill, Alice Nichols, Samuel and Emily Eanton and Ann Twiss. At I^thbridge's Station were George, J. G. and Lydia Lethbridge, and Wm. Webber. In 188G, Joseph Squire was leader, and this position has been held by him and George Lethbridge up to the present time. In 1887, John Home was appointed leader of the Union Church class, while Mitchell Walker has served for years as recording steward of the old circuit and since the union of the new one. The Methodist Church of Canada (Eastside) was established at Glencoe in 1879, with (,'olman Bristol, preacher. In 1880 a society of fifty-three members was presided over by Stephen Ka])pelc, who was also here in 81-82 ; Robert W. Wright in 1883. Tlie building begun in April was completed and opened in October, 1881, by lie v. Dr. Sanderson and the pastor, S. Kajii)ele. The building and grounds cost Sl,600. The other building was erected in 1871. The Glencoe Circuit since the Union of the Episcopal Methodist Churches has been presided over by Kev. M. Grithn, 1884, but in 1885, owing to diliiculties growing out of the Union, two churches came again into existence as before Union, with Mv. Grifhn presiding over the late M. E Society, or (Jlencoe West, and llev. S. T. Hartlett over the late (J. ^I. Church, or East Glencoe (,'hurch. In 1886, lie v. Wm. Henderson presided over both churches, jireaching for two year,s to each congregation on alternate Sabbaths. In 1888, Kev. W. H. Butt was appointed to the circuit, with instructions to ofticiate in the West Church, but the trustees hold the East Church pending a decision of the Conference. A reference to the history of the Presbyterian ("hurch in Ekfrid will point out the begiimers of this church at Glencoe. In the latter part of 18()0, the Presbytery of London sent a catechist to Ekfrid Townshii) to labor among the people connected with tlie Church of Scotland. His success was so marked that in February, 1802, a church house was ei'ected one-quaiter of a mile from Glencoe, on a lot presented by 1). Graham. David Dobie was chairman, and Ale.x. li. Kay, secretary of the building committee. In 1879, Kev. Hugh Cameron took charge of St. Andrew's, and resigned in October, 1884. During his term one hundred new mem- bers were receiveil and seventy-two baptisms recorded, with twenty- eight marriages and six deaths. Kev. John Kobbins was inducted July 2i), 1885, and about this time the question of organizing a second church was agitated. A minority a])pealed to the Synoii against the establishment of such church in 188G. In April, 1887, Kev. Mr. Smith, who fdled the 556 HISTOKY OF THE Presbyterian pulpit pending the acceptance of a call to Rev. Dougald Cmrie, announced tiiat the latter had accepted. The destruction of the Burns Presbyterian Church and Clanahan's sash and door factory at Glencoe was recorded July 28, 1886. The losses exceeded 8*15,000, of which about 810,000 was sustained by Clanahan. The ruin of the old church still stands on south Main street. It is the intention of the united congregations to build a new house of worship in 1880. The English Church was presided over by Mr. Wright, of Wards- ville, in 1861-2. Among the members were the Crofts, McDonalds, Curries, Walkers, McNeils, McKeas, Weekes, Camerons and Gardiners. In 1870, Kev. G. W. Wye, of Wardsville, was appointed. In Jilay, 1888, Rov. \V. J. Taylor, who for nine years presided over 8t. James's Church, preached his farewell sermon. Rev. William Lowe succeeded him in charge of Glencoe, Newbury and Wardsville. The chinch building is located on the west side of Main street, south or the raili'oad. The Salvation Army held a banquet and hurricane meeting in their new barracks at Glencoe, in June, 1885. Prior to this time, and sub- sequently the Army suHered much persecution, part of it being well earned. The barracks was destroyed by fire December 29, 1885. The building was the jn-operty of Joseph Walker, in whose name an in- surance policy for S.'iOO was entered. In June, 1887, there were only three members of this church; but on tiie reopening of their barracks, Nov. (i, 1887, the membership increased. In February, 188G, a number of residents of Glencoe were convicted of interfering with the army and fined, while Lieutenant Emma Rees was fined for assault. In May, 1887, the case of Emma Rees, (who, in 188(;, commanded a detachment of the Salvation Array) against Justices Simpson and Currie, was carried to the assize court, — the charges being unlawful arrest, and improper or malicious imprison- ment. The action was dismissed without costs. Later the case was can'ied before the Queen's Bench at Toronto, where an order for a new trial was entered. This lady lieutenant won her suit, the original judgment costing the local justices about $700. Fire Department. — Giant Company, No. 1, received a large num- ber of members on October 4, 1881, and on the same date elected Henry Simpson, captain ; John Orange and Henry Golding, lieuten- ants; A. McNabb, secretary; James Harris, treasurer; Harry Hogan, J. P. McMillan, Wm. Hammond, branchmen ; A. McVicker and A. Finlayson, hosemen. Some changes were made prior to November 4, 1881, when the records of United Company, No. 1, begin. Eli Griffith, whose resignation is noted in the Council proceeding,s, was chief. The fire company was reorganized September 30, 1885, when John Orange was elected chief; Wm. Hammond, captain ; George Dobie, secretary ; Duncan Cameron, treasurer ; W. R. Cook, first, and F. Shanks, second, lieutennnts ; John Y. Foster, first, and Alfred Crow, second, branch- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 557 men ; Charles Cnnie and Colin Leitch, leading hosemen ; Fred. Aldred and A. McLcllan, snction hosemen. On that evening the new fire engine was placed on trial. In 1880, Wm. Hammond was chosen captain ; W. 11. Cook and Colin ].eitch, lieutenants ; and K. Sutherland, secretarj' and treasurer ; John Orange being chief. The officers for 1887 were : — James T. McAlpine, captain ; Hector McNeil and VV. E. Cook, lieutenants : P. J. Morrison, treasurer ; and R. Sutherland, secretary ; and in 1888, John Y. Foster, captain ; Wm. Hammond, first-lieutenant ; Jacob Huston, second-lieutenant ; Geoi'go Dobie and Isaac McCrackeu, branchmen ; Colin Leitch and 1'. McC^'allurn, foremen of hose ; R. Sutherland, secretary ; W. S. Rogers, treasurer ; and John Finlayson, warden. Isaac Rathburn, George Dobie and W. S. Rogers were appointed a committee to build up the membership. The fire record of the department for 1886 comprises : — The alarm of May 25 from George PaiTott's house ; the great fire of July 23, which destroyed Burns's Presbyterian Chinch, Clanahan's factory and resi- dence, and damaged the homes of Dr. Walker and E. A. Surbey ; the alarm of October 14 ; the fire of October 1 6, which partially destroyed Robert Donnelly's house ; of December 4, in the McAlpine House ; and of December 11, in James Simpson's dwelling. The alarms of 1887 comjirised that of Juno 17, when fire destroyed Alexander Cro- thers's barn ; of Aug. 27, when J. P. McMillan's grain-store was destroyed; of September 5, when R. Donnelly's and Thomas Buckston's stables were burned ; and of Se))tembcr 23, when Hamson and Rath- burn's gi'ain warehouse, rented by P. I). McDonald, was destroyed. The fire alarms of 1888 were those of January 21, from David.son's house ; of February 28, from the meat-market; of April 14, from John Oldrieve's house; and of May 21, from the registry office. Band. — The Firemen's Band, as organized May 17, 1886, com- prised : — Charles Peachey, F. D, Shanks, John Orange, R. Suther- land, Geo. Orange, R. G. Evans, W. Robinson, Wm. Vernon, A. D. McRae, and John Burridge. John Orange, sr., was president ; C. Peachey, leader; F. D. Shanks, sergeant, and R. Sutherland, secretary and treasurer. Among the signers of the constitution were : — P. ,1 . Morrison, C. A. Risk, Ben. Hammond, Joe Vernon, Fmnk Edwards, W. G. Rogers, F. Fletcher, John Thomas, Chas. Dean, Malcolm Leitch, F. McKenzie, Colin McKellar, Wm. Tlionias, E. Mitton, T. McGaw, W. A. Gray, and A. S. Rendelli. P. J. Morrison was aijjjointed treas- urer in March, 1887, and in November, P. Hancox succeeded R. Sutherland, as secretary. In March, Glencoe was made liead- quarters of the 26th Battalion Band, which at the close of the year had thirty- one members. In May, 1888, Alex. McRae was elected president of the band ; W. Vernon, vice-president ; and P. J. Morrison, secretary and treasurer. Rijiemen. — The Glencoe Rifle Association was organized March 12, 1875, with D. Ferguson, president ; John McRae and A. Clanahan, 558 HISTORY OF THE vice-presidents ; Geo. M. Harrison, treasurer ; S. S. Keuuon, secretary ; W. K. Mivrifield, assistant-secretary. Militia. — Tlie committee on enrolment of the militia company, appointed in May, 1874, comprised Dr. Lumley, S. S. Kennon, VVm. Hayden, Robert Clanahaii, G. M. Harrison and 1). Dobie. Ten years later, in Jinie, 1884, the question of organizing a militia company was revived, and the first eflbrt made at organization. Dr. Lumley was selected captain, with Lieutenant Billington of No. 2 Company, Strath- roy, organizer. In January, 1887, Dr. Lumley resigned. Accidents. — On Nov. 20, 1870, Leroy Aldrich was drowned at Gleucoe. Four rods away stood a number of the boy's friends, among them his brother-in-law. They would not enter the cold water to rescue him, although he held on firmly to the ice until lu)pe of rescue ceased. The Graham road bridge accident, near Glencoe, of May 10, 1888, resulted in the death of two men and serious injury to many of the other workmen. Cemetery. — In April, 1884, the question of acquiring a public burial ground for Glencoe m'us brought forward, and on the 17th a meeting held, when Angus McKenzie proposed that N. Currie, S. J. Walker and I. Eathburn be a committee to secure grounds for a new cemetery. Salt-well. — The town well was bored to a depth of 006 feet in October, 1887, by contractor Savage, but no water was found. The council at once contracted for boring to a depth of 300 feet more, at $1.25, $1.40 and $1.00 per foot, for the order of 100-feet sections. In December a 900-feet level was reached. In ^larch, 1888, it was down 1,225 feet, and in April, 1,500 feet, when it yielded 300 gallons per hour. Owing to a sulphurous deposit, the water was found to be of an inky-black color, and unfit for nse. It appears that in the wild effort to procure water, the salt-rock was bored through, thus destroy. ing the chances of developing the rich salt deposits at that particular place, without the further expense of closing oil the supply of sulphur water. In April, 1888, street lamps were authorized. Societies. — Lome Lodge, No. 282, A. F. & A. M., was chartered August 15, 1872. The list of past masters is as follows: — William Hayden, 1872-4: W. G. Lumley, 1875-7; H. Seymour, 1878 ; George J. Fryer, 1870-80 ; G. M. Harrison, 1881-2 ; W. G. Lundey, 188:5 ; J. C. Butter, 1884-5; W. G. Lumley, 1886; John L. Charles, 1887, and Dr. W. G. Lumley, the present master. Glencoe Lodge, No. 133, I. 0.0. F., was instituted March 11, 1874, with Donald Cochrane, J. A. McCracken, J. H. Campbell, 11. Clanahan, G. H. Munro and D. A. Ferguson as charter members. The first officers are named as follows : — Robert Clanahan, D. A. Ferguson, George Munro, T. Harris, W. C. Stephens, John McCracken, A. McNabb, John Oldrieve, C. A. Middlemiss, -lames Harris, W. Ham- mond, C. Ryckman, J. G. Foster, C. W. Berrington, John Munro, E, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 559 G. Crooks, Isaac Walker, J. E. lloonie, A. A. Kennedy, Isaac McCrackeii, Jose])!! Foy, K. G. Evans, W. G. Jlogers, 11. F. Howai-d, John Walker, and C. J. Peachey ; R. Sutherland, secretary. The total number of members received is 124; number now belonging, sixty. In 1880 the hall was moved from the Campbell building to the Swais- land block, and, in 1888, to the Howard building. Court jVIaple r.eaf No. 60, I. 0, F., was instituted February 1, 1881, with the following-named charter members : — Dr. W. G. Luniley, P. J. McAlpine, P. I. liodnum, E. Blackwell, John Sarah, E. Griffith, C. Barrington, J. Y. Foster, Ilev. E. Iloipel and A. Campbell. The number of members now on roll is twenty-two, and the names of Past Chief Hangers are : — E. Griffith, C. Barrington, W. F. Rodgers, N. F. Currie, J. Y. Foster, J. P. McMillan, A. McNeil, H. Bartlett ; J. Y. Foster is D. C. R. The British Templars claimed several organizations in south-west Middlesex in 1874-5. In 1875, the officers of the county lodge were : — County chief, T. Gordon ; county assistant chief, T. Ogilvie ; Councillor, Rev. Mr, Sutherland ; V. Templar, Maggie Sutherland ; Financier, Malcolm (jarapbell ; marshal, .1. M. Corneil ; Treasurer, J. B. Coulthard ; assistant marshal, T. Sutherlaiid ; iinier guard, C. Camp- bell ; outer guard, J. Young ; assistant secretary, iliss A. Twiss ; secretary, M. C. Mclntyre. In June, 1880, the first Lacrosse Club was organized. The Oaks comprised the following players in 1888 : — W. B. Wilson. W. Buggan, J. Huston, H. Simpson, George Goldie, J. Simpson, D. McKellar, F. McKenzie, G. Swaisland, F. Carter, J. Orange and C. Carter. Mechanics' Institute. — The establishment of a Mechanics' Institute was suggested in November, 1881, by the reeve, Isaac Rathburu, and considered in public meeting. This resulted in its organization, when I. Rathburn, J. M. Tait and Angus McKenzie were chosen trustees ; W. G. Lumley, president ; Alex. Stuart, secretary ; G. M. Harrison, treasurer ; M. F. Barclay, librarian ; Revs. H. Cameron and W, J. Taylor, lecturers. On Feb. 11, 1888, a meeting to reorganize the Institute assembled, under call of Isaac Rathburu. He presided, with A. McVicker, .secretarj'. On motion of Alex. Stuart, seconded by Rev. Mr. Henderson, the Institute was reorganized, with Isaac Rathburn, president ; Rev. D. Cume, vice-])resident ; A. McVicker, secretary ; Geo. M. Harrison, treasurer ; and Mr. Rooine, librarian. The directors were Angus Graham, Alex. Stuart, A. Taylor, Dr. Walker and Samuel Ranton. At this time the books purchased by the old association were examined, ailditions made to the list, and a little later a reading-room was established in the Howard Block, the 110 members contributing liberally to maintain both library and reading-room. The credit of reviving the Institute is freely given to Mr. Rathburn, while the idea of the reading-room originated with Rev. D. Currie. Y. M. L. C. — The Young Men's Liberal Club of Glencoe was or- ganized Jan. 26, 188;?, with J. P. McMillan, president; R. Fleming 560 IIlSTOllY OF THE and E. D. Swift, vice-presidents ; W. Wilson, secretary ; and C. Leitcli, trGflsurcr. W. C. T. U.—ln 1.SS6, the officers of the Women's Christian Tem- perance Union at Glencoe were :— iMrs. liobbins, Mrs. A. Dobie, Miss Stevenson, Miss Riggs, Miss Flora Campbell, Miss E. Stalicer and Mrs. McCntclieon. llie A. 0. U. W. — Lodge No. 290 was instituted under charter, January 25, 18S8, with the following members :— James Wilson, A. Clanahan, H. C. Dixon, W. J. Small, J. 1'. Warren, E. Marshall, F. B. Davidson, E. E Adams, A. B. McClellan, W. H. Simpson, Geo. Parrott, Samuel Thompson, J. L. Charles, A. McKollar, Alfred Crow, D A. McCallum, J. Fletcher, Dr. W. G. Lumley, 11. C. Vause, I. McCracken and N. J. Beckett. J. L. Charles was first master workman; A. McKellar, recorder, and E. E. Adams, financial secretary. The pre- sent membership is thirty-one, with hall over A. McKellar's store. Grange. — West Middlesex Division Grange elected the following officers for l8cS8 :— D. A. McRae, master ; John Mitchell, O. ; Arch. Mclntyre, S.; James W. INIcFie. T. ; li. McDonald, L.; John Mawhin- ney, C. ; Wm. Webster, Steward;. J. W. Eddie, assistant; and George Hu.ston, G. K. The lady officers are Madames Weekes, Lethbridge, Foster and Kamey. COUNTY OF MIDDI.KSKX. aCl CHAPTEll XXXI, NISSOUKI WEST. Nissouri West, being the western half of the old township of the District of London, if? bounded east by Oxford ("ounty, north by Perth County and the Gore of Biddulph, south by North Dorchester, and west by London Townships. The north fork of the Thames is a bold stream, running in a comparatively straight bed from the north-west quarter of the township to Lot 12, Concession I, whore it enters Lon- don Township ; but returning int»j Lot 9, receives the Wye river on the George Scatclierd farm. Tiie Wye is a native stream. The main stream and feeders seem to run lu every place from Lots 11 to 24 and from Concession 1 to 6. The entire south-eastern section claims still another native creek, which bears the same relation to it as the Wye does to the central parts. In the north-east rise numerous feeders of the North Fork, The township was surveyed in 1818, and that year or the following one a clearing was made on Lot 14, Concession 2, on the river Thames, where the surveyors of 1818 camped. In 1819, John and Thomas Scatclierd purchased Lots 9, 10, 11 and 12, Concession 1, on the Wye, now Wyton ; Clauson Burgess, of Niagara, settled near the hamlet of St. Ives in 1820 ; George Logan on Lot 17, Concession 3, near Thorn- dale, in 1825; John Dunsmore on Concession 2, near Governor's Road, in LS.SO ; while Turner Farley had had a lot on Concession 1. The McGuffins preceded the Scatcherds here, coming in 1818, while the Vining family came about this time. James Shanly, an Irishman, established his home here in IS.37, naming his property " Thorndale," according to the Irish and English fashion. The village of Thorndale was laid out in 1858 by the Logans, and four years later an English Church building was erected there, and saw and grist-mills esUiblished. In 1818, the Hardy family came to Canada from Ireland in the ship Brunswick, and that year settled in Nissouri Township. Joseph N. Hardy, one of the sons born in Ireland in 1800, died in 1884, being the last survivor of the New London colony. The father died in London Township in 1819, where the family settled on Concession (). Squire John Scatcherd the founder of that family, came from Eng- land and settled in Nissouri Township in 1821. In 1822, Thomas Scatcherd arrived. On August 1, 1822, the former married Annie, daughter of John Farley of London Township, who died in 1865. Wm. Fram was one of the earliest settlers of West Nissouri. His son James B. Fram, was born there in 1834. Among the old settlers of Nissouri who were clas.sed as representative men in 1878-80, were : — E. M, Viuiug, a settler of 1820; Alonzo Vining, 1824; Thomas 562 HISTORY OF THK Scatchcrd, 1822; Jolin Mordon, 1822, postmaster at Rclton ; Hugh Davis, 1820, of Tlioriulale ; and William Li)<,'an, 182;"; Tlumias Mc- Wain, 1S22, of tlie Tlionidalo Ilotol; Kobcrt iMcGullin, 182() ; Homy Powoll, 1828; Edward Fitz<,'i'rald, 18;!2 ; llarvoy Scott, 183;{; James Mdiuftin, 18;!2; .lames Tomlinsoii, Sol. Viniiij,', jr., and Joiin Legf;, IS.'.G ; J). I'miley and James IJ. Fram, 18:54 ; IJicii. Ilobbs and A. W. Brown, 18;!7 ; I'eter and liernard Carlinj,', 1842; Wm. Coleman, Jr., John Burns, i)ostmaster, at Evelyn, and John Taylor, 1843 ; Jolm Woods and Alex. McMartin, in 1844 ; Henry McLean, Humphrey Pardy, in 1842 ; Samuel Purdy, in 1840; Thomas Bad<;oood, 1839; Robert Wood and Wni. Huesttin, 184r> ; Robert A. Brown, John Johnston, and H. H. Scott, 184G ; John McGurlv, Wm. Murrell, and Wra. Malion, 1847; Allan Barr, Lui\e Dyer, sr., Richard B. Gleeson, and Richard Mills, 1848; Daniel Aiken, sr., Thomas DufHn, Thomas Evans and James Elgie, 1849. Phoibe Camj)bell, who murdered her husband in Nissouri West, was hanged June 20, 1872. As related in other pages, this female fiend conceived an allection for her farm-hand, named Coyle, and, in the dead of niglit left her husband's bed, and, seizing an axe, hacked him to deatli. How she essayed to plant the guilt on others has been related ; but she was unable to blindfold justice. Her death was like her crime, cool and swift. A reference to tlie courts and bar will point out the Pickard allair and other criminal matters connected with this division of tlie county. The first record of Nissouri West is dated January 19, 1852, when Councillors Scatclierd, Vining, Crone, Logan and McMartin qualified, and opened official work at Robert Logan's house. Francis Bowers was a])pointed first clerk, vice Forster Scsitcherd, who was chosen and resigned; James Scott and R. Logan, jr., auditors ; Solomon Vining, auditor. Among the ordinary business transactions in i'ebruary was the establishment of free school No. 3, on petition of Elisha Brown and others. In 1853, Councillor Moore's name aj)pear3, with those of the same oflicers as in 1852. In 1855 Messrs. Vining, McMartin, Moore, Uren and Scott formed the Council. Richard Logan, who died in 188G, succeeded Solomon Vining as treasurer in 18511, and served until his death, when Charles Harrison, the j)resent treasurer, was appointed. William Lee, the present township clerk, has held that ofhce since 1858. In 1850 Messrs. McMartin, Scott, Moore and Chambers were chosen councilmeu ; in 1857-8, Moore, Scott, Evans, Vining and R. W. Gitl'en, and, in 1858, Robert McGufHn, vice Moore. During the years 1857-8, the Council instructed the reeve to inform the engineer in charge of this division of the railway to take such measures in the matter of railway crossings as to render them safe for travellers. The dealings of the District Quartfjr Sessions Court with Nissouri West prior to 1842, and of the County Council since that time are detailed in the general history, and the names of reeves and deputy- COUNTY OV MIDDLESEX. 663 Thoi"n(late in 1888 claimod HHO inhabitants. W. H. Salmon wag postmaster, and he with K. iJunn, James Harding and H. liaillic were general merchants. W. H. Dunlop's saw-mill, (J. Matheson's flonring- mill and Aaron Oriflith's cheese box-factory were tlie principal indus- tries. John Falivner's bakery, E. llycknian's tinshop and Nortlicott & Paynter's meat market may be said to make uj) the business houses of the village. Henry McLean's hotel may be said to iiave been estab- lished within the last two decades. The new Salmon Hotel stands on the site of the old Central, built years ago by William Ix)gan. The Central was variously conducted, but in IScSH W. H. Salmon j)ur- chased the building and grounds, and erected the neat hotel building of the ])resent time. Loyal Orange Lodge, No. 248, built their hall here in 1874. It is a small brick structure. The Methodist Church of Canada at Thorndale, formerly of Nis- souri Circuit, of which Hugh McLean was Wesleyan, and Charles Darltrop, New Connexion ministers in 1874, was presided over in 1875 by Christopher Hamilton. In 187 ; Motliitt Forster, 1874; J. D. Salmon, 1875 ; W. H. Dunlop, 1876 ; Geo. F. Bryan, 1877 ; Edward Nicholson, 1878; E. Fitzgerald, 1879-81; Noble Dickie, 1882 ; S. S. Murray, 188.S-84 ; Neil McKechnie, M.D., 1885 ; W. F. Kennedy, 1886 ; Richard Guest, 1887. Wyton Village is one of the oldest settlements in the township. Near this point the Scatcherd family settled in 181'.i, almost seventy years before the locomotive appeared there. In 1857 the hamlet con- tained seventy-five inhabittmts. The business circle comprised: — John Bidner, innkeeper ; Christopher Goodman, innkeeper ; Robert Guruey, tailor ; Thomas Scatcherd, grist-mill and tannery ; Charles Scott, shoemaker ; Sims & Sons, woollen-factory ; .John Talbot, jr., blacksmith ; John Talbot, sr., general-store ; Richard Talbot, carpenter ; William Talbot, waggon-maker ; Peter VanEvery, postmaster. Wyton Station and vicinity claims a ]iopulation of fifty. George Scatcheixi is postmaster since 1874; M. Sherlock, giocer, and John Talbot, blacksmith. Wyton Methodist class was presided over by Joseph Wheaton, with Thomas Scatcherd, sr., and Thomas Scatcherd, jr., Mary Scatcherd, Jane Belton, Annie Angus and daughter, Eliza and Margaret Talbot, Jane Farley, Mary Wilson, Mary Dundass, and Geo. Scatcherd. On March 29, 1880, fifteen additional members were added. Mount Zion class, as organized, claimed six members of the Huntley family, Simon Johnson and David Dickie, stewards, and twenty- seven others. St. Ives and vicinity claimed a population in 1888 of 125 inhabi- tants, Thomas Howard was postmaster; Henry Powell, merchant; John Healy, proprietor of saw-mill ; J. M. Barnard, of flouring-jnill ; and Daniel McKinnon, of blacksmith shop. COUNTY OK MIDDLKSEX. 505 Ih'lton in 18,SS cliiitue.l twenty inhabitants. John Gibson was .0 tniustor and Koneml n.orchant ; Join. German, bhicksmi h 3 I'eter .Smith, waj,'f,'on-niaki!r. ' "" th. Ih!;/''"'!'''^!'""/' ^*';?^^J:'«^"'^» <-'J»"ch was opened Jan. 1".». 1,S82 he total cost of the bnildn.g beingSS.OOl). To the Ilev. ( olin Fletcher' t^he pastor. tu3sncce.ss or tlKMuidertakingw^^^ Tiu comt'-' -atu.n here dat^^s back to 1852, when Mr. Logic held services 1^10.' school-hou.se; bnt ,n 18.:i.S a stone house wasl,uilt, which gave place to the present building. In 1852, Usborne Town hip was al.noJt an liebeem post-office was established eight years ago (1880) with John Henderson ma.ster, and who still holds the position, witi.Ltert S T^^V ^'^""' ^"'}''^ ^'^'^ ^"'It about twenty years aao by bamuel iiueston who conducted the hou,se for a number of years Ihe Henderson .store was esUiblislied by Widow Hueston, who buS un ad.ht.on to the old toll-hou.se, which she bought. The Ashman saw-unll (new) wa_s established in 1887 by Mark Ashman Prior to this Ins old saw-mill stood a mile west of Rebecca ^nor U> 566 HiSTOKY OF t::: CHArTER xxxir. WKSTMINSTKK TOWNSIIir. Westminster is bounded on the north by the Thames River, which divides it from Lotidon Township; on the south by El^iu County, east by North Dorchester Township, and west by Delaware. Dingman's Creek may be said to drain all the central sections from east to west. The northern and southern concessions claim numerous living; streams — so manj', indeed, that it may be said that every farm has its creek. East of the railroad a number of ponds exist. The London & Port Stanley IJailrftad runs south on what may be termed the west line of the east half of the township, with depots at Grove and Glanworth hamlets. Westminster in 1817 contained 107 houses and 428 people. Two school buildings, one grist-mill and one saw-mill, were the public build- ings of the pioneer community. Nathan Griilitii's brick sold for thirty shillings a thousand, owing to the slow method of treading clay with oxen. In IHll land was worth five shillings per acre, and increased four-fold by 1817. In KS.jO, 4,525 inhabitants, three grist-mills, two carding machines, a fulling-mill and a number of schools pointed to ])rogress. In 1X49, 57,600 bushels of wheat, 54,000 bushels of oats, 12, OIK) bushels of peas, 28,000 pounds of wool, and ;i6,000 pounds of butter were produced, and cleared land was worth about sixty shillings per acre. Barnabas Skuse's limekiln on Concession 1 is one of the large industries of the county. From his quarry the limestone for the asylum, some bridge abutments, the foundations of the Catholic Cathe- dral and other buildings was procured. The (j^uarry was first worked about 1840 by old Benj. Kilbourn. Teeple, Summers and the present owner succeeded Mr. Kilbourn. It is one of the largest townships in Middlesex, and in it and around it are gathered abundant evidences of material prosperity. The glory of fertile fields ; the bounty of dairies ; the fruit of trees and vine ; the sweets of bee-farm.s, and the blossoms of flowers, pay tribute to this rich district, making the altars of the fruitful Pan and the bounti- ful Ceres I'edolent with incense most i)leasing to the husbandman. And this is the land which at the beginning of the century was merely ii camping-place for the itinerant red-man. He came here at intervals to take what the river, ])onds and streams offered of the finny tribe ; or the forest of game ; or the soil of wild fruits or herbs. Here, among the red-willow marshes, he manufactured the br '< into Kinnikinick, and dried the wild tea in imitation of the Chi ; se ; but the children of nature never slept to dream of drawing forth the resources of the COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 567 soil and forests. The task was held for another race — the white workers — who came to plow and sow, and build, and to transform the wilderness into the garden which we now find it. Throughout the Province tliere cannot be found a more beautiful township, nor one where wealth atid ha])piness are more equally distributed. On Monday (Feb. 4, 1793), His Excellency Lieut-Governor Sira- coe, accompanied by Capt. Fitzgerald and Lieut. Smith, of the 5th Kegiment, Lieuts. Talbot, Grey and Givens, and Major Littlehales, left Navy Hall (Newark) in sleighs, and proceeded through the concessions parallel with Lake Ontario to the twelve-mile creek, the roads being very indifferent and wet, owing to the unusual mildne:3 of the season. From this point the party proceeded along the mountain and the ir- regular ridge which stretches westward near Brantford and Woodstock, and which is probably a continuation of the " mountain." They passed through the Mohawk Village, where they saw the old Mohawk Church, and thence near Woodi,tock, and down the west branch of the Thames, entering the County of Middlesex in North Dorchester, and passing into Westminster, camped for the night near the Westminster ponds. The* survey of the line bounding the rear of the first Concession north of the street, beginning at a dead beech tree standing in the north-westerly corner of the Township of Dorchester, thence S. 81° 30' W., was made in 1809-10 by Deputy Provincial Surveyor Simon T. Z. Watson. Then there was no settler on R. 23, where Captain Jos. Odell subsequently settled, nor on R. 24, where Albert S. Odell located his lands, and the only residents on the whole Township of Westmin- ster were Arch. McMillan, on R. 45 and 46, twenty chains from the line, and Nathaniel Fairchild, on R. 47 and 48. The survey extended to Chestnut post, standing in the north-easterly angle of Delaware Township. The north street or branch of Talbot road was surveyed by Col. Burwell, and the remaining part of the township (see field notes at Meredith) by Col. Bostwick in 1820. Lands here were not granted to absentees or sold to speculators prior to 1817, and so became the home of many who came here to carve out farms. Unlike Dorchester, Delaware and Adelaide, where large tracts were parcelled out among favorites, actual settlers flocked into Westminster. In 1817, John and Oliver McClary arrived from Pennsylvania with the family, and entered on life in the forest. Michael McLaughlin brought the first spring wagon — wooden springs — into Westminster about 1823-4. Alvard Ladd had the first stage between Delaware and Ancaster, and held it until Eli Trowbridge took the route. Trowbridge lived where the present Nathan Griffiths's house stands, on Concession 1 of Westminster. A road through David Reynolds's lands in Westminster was ap- proved in July, 1830, and damages of £2 lOs. awarded. In the case of a road in Yarmouth, £3 15s. per acre for improved land, and £1 53. *Vide letter and documentx from Crown Land Department, Toronto, to William Mo- Clary, of May 7, 1851, and additions. Out. 16, 18til. 36 568 HISTOr.Y OF THE for uiiiin proved, was the rate of daiiiaj^e allowed to Aaron AVliitesell aud Wm. Doau. In Ajuil, 18;)2, the surveyor's rejnjrt ou the Wharn- clitle road was ajiproved by a jury of twelve men. In April, 1831, Wm. King Cornish, surveyor, rejjorted a road through Lot 44, ^V'est- ininster, to McMillan's bridge, and a jury of twelve men confirmed this report. A road from Thomas Pool's to Michael McLaughlin's house in Westminster was also a])proved. In October, 1836, the court received a petition of the inhabitants of Westminster, asking thtvt a bridge be built over the eastern branch of the Thames, near Alvard's or Kenny's mills. £25 were granted. Organisation. — The first record of the Westminster Council is dated March 4, 1817. The first meeting was held at Archibald Mc- Millan's tavern, for the united townships of Westminster, Delaware and Dorchester. Henry Schenick was chosen clerk ; Jacobus Schenick and Jos. L. Odell, assessors ; Major S. Tousley, collector ; and Timothy Kilbourn, Capt. B. li. Brigham, John Wells, Davis Doty, Barnabas Flanagan and Jeremiah Schram, overseers of highways; Albert 8. Odell and Kobert Frank, town-wardens ; Nathan Oriftith and Gideon Tiffany, pound-keepers. This Council ordered that all fences should be four and a-half feet high, with rails not more than four inches apart. Hogs were allowed at Large. In 1818, Archibald McMillan was chosen clerk and A. S. Odell, collector, who gave ]ilace to Joseph I>. Flanagan in 181!), and he to Asa Townsend in 1820, Archibald McMillan still holding the clerkship. 1819, fences were ordered to be five feet high, while hogs were free-commoners. A note made February 10, 1820, gives the snow fall at two feet of " hard winter snow," In 1821 the town meeting was held at Asa Townsend's Tavern. Henry Schenick was elected collector. In 1822, Nathan Griffith took McMillan's place as town clerk, and Geo. J. Goodhue was chosen col- lector, with James Choate, JMichael Crydemau, John Sutton and Benj. Woodhull, waixlens: Chailjs Pettis and Abram Sloat (who was Bap- tist preacher at Brick street school) were roadmasters for North street to Mill Creek, and Gardner Merrick for West Westminster. In 1823 the meeting was held at E. Trowbridge's house, Arch. McMillan was chosen clerk, and Samuel Hungerford, collector ; B. B. Brigham and Ben. Woodhull, pathraasters for Delaware ; Joseph Kilbourn and James Sheldon for West Westminster ; Seth Putnam and Abram Car- roll, for Dorchester; Timothy Kilbourn, Jesse Corn well and John O'Neil (who afterwards kept stage tavern here Abram Carroll built in 1826-7), church or town-wardens. In 1824, Nathan Griffith was clerk ; Samuel Hunt, collector ; Kobert Summers and Adolphus Bost- wick, wardens; Gideon Bostwick was collector in 1825, and John Sutton and Timothy Kilbourn, wardens. In 1826, at a meeting held at Sylvanus Reynolds's house, Westminster, Sweet Gai"dner was chosen collector; Griffith being still clerk, with Robert Frank and John Sutton, wardens. In 1827 a meeting at Eli Trowbridge's house selected the same 1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 569 clerk and collector, with Andrew Fortnor and Jose] ili L. Odell, wardens. In 18l!S, A. S. Odell was collector and Daniel McPherson and John Stevens, wardens. In 1829, Gideon liostwick took Odell's place, with Bartley Seward and Andrew lieattie, wardens. The meeting of 1830 was held at David Doly's house. Griffith, clerk, and I'ostwick, collector, were re-elected, also in 1831-2; in 1833 A. S. Odell was chosen collector, replaced in 18o4 by G. G. Bostwick, who was also cho.sen in 183"), but gave place to Ross liobertson in 1830, while G. G. Bostwick was chosen clerk. In 1837 a meeting held at Shubal Nichol's house, Lot 31, Concession 2, Westminster, elected Nathan Griflith clerk ; Calvin Burch, assessor, and Wm. Odell, collector. During the years 1835-7 roads claimed much attention. In 1838, Henry Schenick was collector, Griffith still holding the clerkship. In 1839, Calvin Burch was chosen assessor and collector. In 1840, Henry Scheuick was chosen clerk, and Charles i\Iontague was chosen pathmaster lor Dorchester and Westminster town-line. Schenick and Burch held their positions till 1843; in 184(1 James Haldane was selected clerk and John Beattie assessor and collector. In 1848, Samuel Iliddell was assessor and collector. In 1849, these, with Isaac (Campbell, councillor, were re-elected. In 1850, Isaac Campbell received 350 votes ; James Kae, 253; liichard Frank, 228; David Kymal, 224, and J. L. Odell, 207 votes, and were chosen councillors under the municipal act. Isaac Campbell was chosen reeve ; Richard Frank, deputy ; James Haldane, clerk ; Samuel Riddell, assessor ; Andrew Beattie, collector ; and Wm. Crinklaw, treasurer. Thomas B. French was chosen school superin- tendent. In 1851, R. Frank, James Rae, Garner Elwood, Charles Montague and John Glendenning formed the Council. In 1852, Peter McClary was a councillor ; John Ferris, license inspector in 1853, and Eli Griffith was councilman. Adam Murray served as clerk from 1853 to 1860, when James Armstrong was appointed. In 1871 he was suc- ceeded by Henry Anderson, the present incumbent. Pioneer Days. — It was no uncommon sight to see a band of Indians with their squaws, pappooses, ponies and dogs, travelling through the country, or their wigwams at their favorite camping grounds. Trails — some deep-worn paths led from all sides toward the forks of the Thames, and thence to the sjirings. When the first settlers came, several small garden spots were observed ; but such spots, like the old Indian trails, were soon ])lowed up by the new comers, and even the red man's grave disappeared before their plow or spade. Prior to the war of 1812, a ship-load of farming implements was sent out from England to York for distribution among actual settlers on 200-acre tracts. For each was a spade, hoe, plow mold, iron wedges .set of nine harrow teeth, ox-ring and staple, ox-chain, and some other articles. The cargo was kept at York, and it is said that instead of distributing the implements as intended, the governing class charged the settlers one sterling shilling per pound. Among the number who. 570 mSTOUY OF THE went to York was Ned Teeples, Bill Hale and othei'3. When the Americans cap*:ured Toronto, they called the settlers to the point to car-y awaj' what was jnstly theirs. This sta<^ement is made on the auMority of "VV^ni. Hale, later of I^ondon, who was present, and related the lacts to Robert Snmniers. Ahrara Tatrick served in the war of 1812, leaving his wife and children alone. During his aUsence his wife caught an Indian driving away her cow oil' the Dingman farm, but her intrepidity conquered the dusky thief, who looked puzzled indeed when the brave woman advanced, and turning the cow homewards, left the savage standing in mute surprise. That night the Indians killed two cows, the property of Nathaniel Fairchild. Abram Patrick and his sons were some of the famous hunters of early years. Their prowess in the chase was nn- equaled in the wilds of the Thames, and thousands of the wild animals of the forest fell victims to their aim. While at dinner one day, his daughter discovered a huge black bear and three cubs within the yard. The hunters at once gave chase, the elder Patrick bringing the bear mother to bay, when John Patrick shot and killed her. Two cubs were then killed, and in later days the other. Two brothers of Isaac Cronse were lost one Sunday in April, 1829. All the settlers turned out, old Dr. Lee oii'ering $50 for finding them, except Abram Patrick, who, with his dog and rifle, said he would hunt them alone. On Wednesday he found one. Nelson, sitting on a log, five miles away ; the other boy. Tommy, was never found. Alpha, Archie, Cyrus and Thomas McMillan, were sons, and Mercy, who married Reynolds, Lovina, who married Anson Simons, and Oyrena, were the daughters of the pioneer of Byron, and indeed, of the county outside the limits of Delaware and Dorchester, as it was in 1809. David Patrick maintains that they were his nearest neighbors, as none were south of them until the settlement of St. Thomas was reached. Dur- ing the early years they ground their corn in mortars, until the mill at Delaware was running. At St. Thomas they found a store where they paid '$10 per bushel for salt, and i?l per yard for common calico. Captain Jos. Odell, John Odell and James Lester settled on Con. 1, Westminster, in 1811, and were the first three permanent settlers on the concession, which was surveyed in 1809-10 by Mr. W^atson. The two Odells served against the Americans in 1812-14 William Odell settled in Westminster in 1836. His son, W. L. Odell, is proprietor of the Warrior Hotel, on Concession 1, and also postmaster at that point. The latter a.ssisted in building the old Wellington bridge across the Thames and did the iron work for other early bridges. He also assisted in cutting through the Wellington road from Concession 1 to Loudon. Albert S. Odell settled in Westminster in 1810, and was soon after joined by his brother and sister. Joshua S. settled on Concession 1 hi 1811. He moved to London in 1831, and opened a tavern on Duudas street, where the Mansion House now stands. In 1834 he moved to Belmont, and died in 1803. COUNTY OF MIUDLESKX, 571 The grandfather of the present Francis D. Norton is said to have settled on Concession 1, Lot 7, of Westminster, in I.SIO (David Mor- ton states 1811), immediately after the snrvey (bej^un in 1809) was com])leted. L. A. Norton, a member of this family, was confined six months in London jail iii LSliS ; bnt on account of his youth, escaped the gallows, and was banished from Canada. He is now a lawyer at Healdsburg, Cal. David Norton and brother served against the Americans at Lundy's Lane. Nathan Griflith, grandfather of the present Nathan, served with the Americans in the IJt^volution, while his sons, who settled here in 1812, served against them in the war of 1812. The old gentleman drew a pension diu'ing his life from the American Covernment. In 181(1 he was one of the founders of the M. E. Church on Brick street, and is said to have continued a member until his death in lcSG2. Pioneer Duncan, his wife, five sons and three daughters, cani • from Scotland to New York in 1815, and were induced by Col. Talbot's agents to come hither, which they did that fall, settling on Con. 2. Margaret married James McGuftin, who died about 18-18, and she died in August, 1881. Cyrus W. Sumner is .said to have settled on Con. 1 about 1816, on a lot which was a grant to Delia, daughter of John Fowler, a United Empire Loyalist. He died in 1880. He had a six-pound iron cannon ball which was fired from Lewiston into Queenstown during the war of 1812. Nathan IJurch, grandfather of D. 1». Burch, of Westminster, came from New York in 17'.)8, and settled in Blenheim, whore he was granted lands. In 1816 he moved to Lot 75, north Talbot Road, and died in 182',*, aged 77 years. Calvin, his son, was brought from New York in 1802, when four years old. He was one of the first school teachers, and used to say that he sold himself to Canada for a johnny- cake, given to him by his mother. In 1818 he came to this township, and taught school until 1820. Among his pupils vvas David Patrick, still livnig. He married a daughter of Jeremiah Schram. John McClary, a pioneer of Westminster, settled on Lot 2, Con. 1, about 1817. He came hither from Pennsylvania. Peter McClary, one of his sons, was Itevenue Collector at London for twenty-three years ; and William one of the early surveyors. Samuel Hunt settled in Westminster in 1817, on the west side of Talbot Road, where he assisted in forming a class of Methodists. He died in 18(')r). ^Irs. Elizabeth Frank, the daughter of a United Emjiire Loyalist who .set- tled in Westminster in 1817, and relict of Robert Frank, died at Strathroy in June, 1874. John Caldwell settled on Concession 2, Westminster, in 1818, when there were only two settlers there. Win. Bryant and J(jhii Elliott. He was local Methodist preacher of this district. John Sutton, a soldier of 1812, was gi-anted 200 acres on the west side of the Talbot Road in Westminster, where he settled in 1818. At this time the 572 HISTOUY OF THE settlers had to go to Gardner & lleynolds's mill, where the London waterworks now stand. James Schenick, sr., and his sou Henry, caino to Westminster in 18 lis, and purchased lands on Lot 20, Con. 1, that j ;ar. Henry ulti- mately located on Lot 28, and married Hulda, sister of Dr. Duncombe, and daugliter of Thomas Duncombe, in 181'.l. The doctor was a leader of the Patriots in l.S:!7; went to England to represent the radiail ideas; returning took a full ])art in the rebellion, and, fleeing for shelter to the United States, died some years ago in California. Henry Schen- ick built the frame house in Middlesex, the same which is still in use near the house of A. C. Johnston, who married his granddaughter. William Bryant, a llhtish .soldier, ctime in 18 IS, or very early in 1819, and settled on Lot 'Mi, Con. 2, We,slmin.ster. llobert Summers, now living, settled there with his father that year, llichard Tunks and Spettigue came with him. Jacob Dale .settled on Con. 1, M.'irch 17, 1818, according to Caldwell's statenunit, althoui'h his son Jacob Dale states that the pioneer settled there in 18l:>. When building his house in Westminster, three or four miles from London, near the Lambeth road, about the time Goodhue opened his Westminster store, he gave the merchant IDd bushels of good wheat for 100 pounds weight of nails. Samuel Glass, father of Sherilf Glass, left Armagh County, Ireland, in 1810, for Westminster Town.ship, where his sister, who married Lieut.-Col. Orr, had .settled in 1817. On his way hither he induced Air. Owrey, of Donaghadet!, Ireland, to also settle in West- minster. The latter purchased lands here, while, in 1826, Mr. Glass married Eliza Owrey, and ])urchased the tract since known as I^Iount Pleasant. In 1830 he .sold the farm and located in London Township, and in 18.'!1 settled in London Village, where he died in 1877. Jas. Nixon, who settled in AVestmin,ster in 1810, died in 187-'!; but his widow (Margaret Sumnier.s) is still residing there at the ago of 94. For thirty-five years his son John Nixon has been justice of the peace, and councillor for twenty-nine years. Jesse Cornell settled' in 181'.) on Lot 78, North Talbot road. Robt. Summers came from Cumberland County, England, in 1819, bringing with him his family. It is stated that the family came the time that James Nixon's family came ; but this is wrong, as the Nixons settled in New York in 18 Ki, and came to Westminster in February, 1819. Elliot Grieves settled on Concession 1, of Westminster, in 18 1 '.i. South of his location were two families. John Elliott settled at Ponds Mills in 18o(). John McGill and Sylvanus Reynolds, both of Westminster, were granted tavern licenses June 17, 1820, on payment of £'■> 10s. each. In July, Asa Town.send of Westminster, was authorized to keep a hou.se of entertainment on payment of £11 Eli Trowbridge, who settled on Lot 35, Concession 1, in 1821-3, kept the stage station there, and there married Mary, Robert Summer's daughter, after the death of his first wife ; in 1825 came from New York. For some years he can-ied the mail from Aucaster to Delaware, and died in 1828. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 57?. On April 20, 1' 20, one Josliua Applegarth of Westminster, was con- victed of using two stills for the distilling of spirituous liquors for sale (in November, IcSl'J), and sentenced to pay £10 in currency — one-half to tlie King, and the other to Magistrate Mitchell, who was also inspec- tor and prosecutor, together with £3 Ids. fid. to the same James Mitchell for costs, and to forfeit his stills to His Majesty. This was a little log house opposite Ajiplogarth's house, where Goodhue lived later. Cyrus Sumner settled in Westminster in 1822 on Concession 1, and later built one of the first brick houses in the village of Loudon. He has served as tax collector for the last twenty-three years, with the exception of one year. During the troubles of 1837-iS he served against the Patrifits, and had his horse shot. His father, .John A., settled in 1823. John Koutledge settled on east side of Talbot road in 1824. He came to the United States in liSl'.t. J)r. Elijah Duncombe (son of Thomas Duncombe, who came from New York in 1822 and settled in Westmin.ster, but died at St. Thomas that year) died at St. Thomas, February 20, 1870. He came to St. Thomas in 1823, and resided there until his death. He had his name entered for the land, at $2.50 per acre, on which the eastern part of I.K3ndon now stands, but surrendered it on account of its inaccessibility, there being no bridge over the Thames here in 1823-4. Elizabeth Parrott, who married John Bogue in England in 1826, and settled with him in Westminster Township in 1837, died June 25, 188(). John Cooke Meredith, a native of Dublin, Ireland, came to West- minster Township at an early date, and, with his wife, Saiuh Peglcr, resided there for a number of ye{irs. George Pegler was Samuel Peters's opponent in the butchers' trade at London, having their stores on King street. John O'Brien was also a butcher here when the market was held on the court-house square. John Stephens settled in Westminster in 1827. His son, Richard, came at that time. Later he served as clerk in Dennis O'Brien's store at London until the death of his father in 1837. James Armstrong, born in New Brunswick in 1830, came with his parents to Westminster in 183fi. George Laidlaw settled on Lot 11, Concession .">, in 1832. Dr. George McDermott, the celebrated oculist of Cincinnati, O., is the son of James and Jane McDermott, who came from Ireland in 1833, and worked for Dennis O'Brien, of London, in 1841. The family settled in Westminster Township where James (the father) died in 1872. Thomas Anderson settled in Westminster in 1833, at a time when there was not a settler south of the 2nd Concession, in the eastern half of the township. His son Henry killed fifty deer within a few years after settlement. In 1837, Henry Anderson was sergeant in the 4tb Middlesex militia, and was called out against the Patriots. At a gen- eral muster at Henry Schenick's, 500 militia were ju'esent. Capt. Joseph Odell called for volunteers to serve as minute-men, when four- teen men responded, among them Henry and Thomas F. Anderson, r)74 HISTOUY OF THE Wm. Dubeny and three brothers of the Shore family. Of tlie whole number (500), only the fourteen were willin<» to go to the front. Francis Nichol, who in 18.'>;{ settled on the 4th Concession of Westminster, where Adam now resides, died in 1868. He built the first brick house there, and one of the first frame burns, which is still standing. John Nichol accompanied his father. Isaac Willsie settled on Con. 5, Lot 5, Westminster, in 1 8o4. W. T. Willsie settled on t!on. 7 in 1845. John Wilson settled on Con. 4, Lot 11, in 1H44. Thomas and John Shore settled in Westminster Township in lH^.'>'^, where Duty were soon joined by Frederick Shore. Thomas served as a Colonel in the Reserve militia, and against the Patriots. In 1834 John Shore, sr., settled here. Timothy Coughlin, sr., settled on the (Sth Concession of Westminster in 1834. His son, John T. Coughlin, has served the township on the local and county Board since 1«68. Isaac Manning settled in Westminster in 183:!, on Lot 1, Con. 4, of which he was one of the few pioneers. Squire Jacob L Manning came in 1834 and set- tled on Con. (J, where he was appointed a magistrate soon after, and still holds that position. For fourteen years he kept a general store where Belmont now stands, and was postmastei" there. A reference to the military chapter points out his services as captain and colonel of militi.a. Byron Barnard settled on Con. 2 in 18.33. His son as.sisted in cutting the road between Westminster and Dorchester. About 1853 the younger Barnard killed a 400-pound bear on the ftirm. Donald and Jane (ALartin) Fraser, the latter a sister of the late John Martin, the Irish patriot, settled in Westminster in 1834. Their son, Dr. John Martin Fraser, of London, is one of the leading physicians of Canada. He was born in Westminster, August 12, 1836. Mrs. Margaret Bentley, widow of Roltert Bentley, died October 6, 1880. Daniel Morden, " The Prophet," died in Westminster, June 21, 1860. He was an eccentric, well-known character. Alex. Kerr settled on Lot 15, Concession 5, in 1835, with his family. John McKellar came to Elgin County that year. Arch. Cameron came in 1843. Morris Simp.son settled on Lot 2, Conce.ssiou 5, in 1835. He served against the Patriots, and had previously served against the Americans with the English. His death took place in 18G0. Lewis Simpson accompanied his father hither. David McEwen settled in Delaware Township in 1834, and, in 1836, located on the east town-line, Concession 1, West- minster. John Elliot settled in 1836 on Lot 17, Concession 2, West- minster. Thomas Errington settled on Concession 8 of Westminster in 1836. He married a daughter of Andrew Neville, an old settler of the township, who was a soldier at Lundy's Lane in the war of 1812. Mr. Errington was lost in the wreck of the Glasgow in 1853. F. W. Errington settled here in 1839. Thomas Turnbull, who came from Scotland and settled in Westminster in 1837, died in Septeml^er, 1887. John Bogue, a settler of 1837, resides on Lot 33, Concession 1, where George J. Goodhue's store and distillery stood up to 1829. Duncan COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. r.75 McPlmrson setl.led on (,'oncession 8 of Westminster in 1S47, biiiig- in<5 witli him 8G,()(I(), and, in 18iS, purchased tlie Labatt farm. Dr. W. B. Lindsay, a settler of 184.'!, was the eldest of four sons of G. H. Lindsay, of Mt. Brydges. He graduated in 1869, and Ix'^an })ractice at Napier. In 18(19 he raised a volunteer company, and was commissioned ca))tain. Among the early settlers of Westminster Township who were prominent in 187fS— S(l may be named: — David Patrick, a settler of 1818. ("yrus Sumner, 182li ; John Stephens, 1826 ; .JohnTeeple, 1824 ; G. E. Jarvis, 1828; Eli S. Jarvia. Thomas Shore and F. Nicoll, 1838 ; George Itoutledge, Samuel Bratt and David Beattie, 18;M ; Robert Baty, 1831; James Armstrong, 1835; Michael Carrothers and J. S. Revnolds, IS."}? ; Minchin Jackson, D. McEwen and James O'Brien, 183G ; W. Laidlaw, 1830; Alex. Ken- and Andrew lloutledge, 1840 ; A. C Davis and John Kerr, 1841 ; Wni. Walker and Hugh Thompson, 1842; Samuel Adams and John Parke, 184.'!; Thomas Frank, 1845; John McGregor, Sam. Thomas, jr, .Fohn A. Mill, and James McDonald, 1847; Andrew Mair and Alex. Hyman. 1848; Wm. .McCurley 1842; John Kay, 1836. The Subscription School, a very primitive institution, existed here as far back as 1816. Twenty years later the school system began to take shape, for in 1836, as the following letter shows, the district clerk, as well as trustees and teacher, had all something to do with tlie schools : Westminster, Oth December, 1836. Received of Mr. Askins, by the hands of our teacher, H. W. Milne, six spelling books, six Testaments, six oasy-readcrs, and three English readers, for the use of a common school, situated on Lot No. 54, north-cast branch, Talbot street. L. A. Wkisholm, 1 B. Davis, [-Trustees. Westminater Insurance Company was formally organized in October, 1857, at Henry Anderson's house, and on November 11, 1857, fully organized at the Wharncliri'e Inn. William McKerlie pre- sided, with J. P>. French, secretary. Tiie directors chosen were : — Thomas Shore, William Walker, John Wilson, John Nixon, Leonard Odell. Alexander Kerr and Henry Anderson. John Wilson was chosen president ; Henry Anderson, secretary; Alexander Kerr, trea- surer ; James Haldane and Robert Fleming, auditors. The salary of treasurer and secretary in 1857-8 was SIO per aTmum each. On December 3, 1857, seventy-six iipplications were accepted and policies issued. Donald Fra-ser's log-barn was burned in November, 1858, entailing a loss of 832.33. In October, 1859, Robert Carrothers's house was destroyed, the loss ])aid being ,^200. In 1862, Thomas Shore was elected president. In 1869, William McKerlie's barn was destroyed, entailing a loss of S350. In 1870, N. K. Davi.s's Louse was destroyed, the loss being #200. In 1872, Pager's barn, $150, and Cyrus Sumner's house, $800, were burned. In 1873, Peter McClary's c< 57t) HISTORY OF THE two barns, $1,000, and No. IS school house, ^300, were burned. In 1874 the loss on James Catvill's house was SGOO. In 1875, Andrew Wehldii was elected ynesideiit. T. McDougal's barn was burned, en- tailiiii,' a loss of SiSOO ; Fisher's house, .15(160. In 1876, James Craij,' was elected jiresident. The minister's house, on (Joncession 'A, was burned, the loss being SO.IO ; liernard Skuse's driving house, S31.5 ; J. Ulair's barn, S200. Thonuis McDougall was elected president in 1n77. George Munn's barn was destroyed in 1877. In 1878, J. H. Little was elected president. Wra. Wright's barn, $380 ; Chas. Main's green-house, $100, and a number of smaller buildings were destroyed this year. In 1879, ., with (J. Harper in 1877 and E. A. Fear in 1878, assistants ; Thomas Crews and W. J. lirandou presided in 1880 ; Thomas and H. W. Crews, in 1881-2 ; Edwin Holmes and John Henderson, 1883 ; E. Holmes and James E. Holmes, 1884. Byron. — The first settler of Westminster was Archibald McMillan, who settled at liyron prior to 1810. The North Talbot road was a blazed trail at this time. When Abram Patrick arrived (in 1810 or 1811) at Hyron, he found Arch. McMillan's tavern and David liey- nolds'.s, John Wells's and Nathaniel Fairchild's cabins, and settled on Lot 71, Talbot survey, range 4, in 1810. He cut the road from Byron to Lambeth. Jeremiah Schram and John Dingman were then settled at Lambeth, of which Mr. Patrick was the third settler. Thomas I'oole came shortly after. His wife died at the age of 102 years in 1875. In 1820, William Sutherland took up 200 acres of land where Byron Village now stands ; but subsequently moved to Lambeth, where he resided until his death in 1858. In 187o his widow died in Delaware Township, wliere John Sutherland, their son, now resides. From 1822, when the Lawrasons oj)ened their farm near liyron, and established a store and distillery there, to 1833, when the son, Lawrence Lawrason, joined G. J. Goodhue in business at London, the liyron neighborhood was a bu.sy place, indeed. In 1825 the first post office was opened there, with young Lawrason in charge, being then the only post-office, except Delaware, north of St. Thomas. When the magistrates used to meet at Sylvanus Ileynolds's new inn at Springbank in 1S36, Ira Schofield and James Parkinson were the active magistrates; while Captain Matthews, Duncan Mackenzie and others would preside at times. It is said that .'it this time some merchants could get judgment on any bill ])resented to the court. Such a case was before the court in 182(), when the grist of some London Township settler was seized at the Byron mill, and carried into the court-room by the constable. Captain Matthews, seeing the grist, said : " Hello! Have you turned the court into a grist-mill?" The unfortunate owner of the grist told his story, and affirmed that he never owed the plaintilf a penny. Matthews said to him : " Take your gi-ist out of this — take it home. Tliis busi- ness must be stopped." The grateful settler returned with his grist, blessing the good captain. He was tried for this contempt of court, defended himself, and was acquitted by the jury. Dr. Henry Hall, born here in 1836, studied medicine, and began practice there in 1850, when Dr. Woodrutf, of London, began practice. 678 msToitv of the He enroll Mrs. Hull, who for two years was blind. She was com- pletely cured, and subsequently married CJodfrey, who jrave Hall Si 00 for curinji the woman. He also cured Jane Griflith (Nathan (Jriflith's wife), of London South, who could not tell whether her children were dressed in black or white. The ])resent Nathan ( irifhth paid him S'250 for curing his mother. Dr. Hull moved to Peru, where he died in 18G3. His brother Cyrenus went to a prie.st there to ask permission to bury him, and, to his great surjjrise, the ja-iest granted jiermission and rendered him assistance. Dr. Hall performed an extraordinary cure in the case of James, son of (lilbert llobson, of London Township, and during the typhoid epidemic in Delaware, only losing two cases out of all he attended. The Byron Mission is first mentioned in t.S78, when Mr. De Lew, of Lambeth, presided, and in 1882 liev. G. 15. Sage was pastor. The church, how(!ver, is almost contemporary with settlement. The new Methodist Church at Byron, erected in 1884-5, was built by contractor Woodhull for the society, Robert Summers being a member of the building committee. The house is constructed of brick, and a very fair house for the old village : was opened in Novem- ber, 188"). This was the first Methodist building at this point, the society hitherto attending the old English Church, which was open to all bodies until its dedication in 1882 or 18fs3. This action of the English Church led to their co-religionists at Hyde I'ark ceasing to hold services in the Methodist Church there, and ultimately to the building of a new house. F. H, Kenney's mill, one of the early industries of Byron, was said to have sustained damages by the erection of the dam liy the water commissioners. The matter was placed ia the hands of arbi- trators in March, 1880, when one of the witnesses, Allan liogue, stated that he patronized this mill for forty years, the same which Burleigh Hunt built in 1833 or 1834. The population of Byron in 1888 was 175. Kobert Sadlier wa.s postmaster. Mrs. Harrington kept a general store; J. K. Montague a grocery; li. Heron and W. Merriam were blacksmiths ; James Fortner, hotel-keeper ; Henry Martin, shoemaker ; J. B. Wells, carpenter ; William Griffith's woollen mill and S. & R. Sisson's saw-mill were the only manufacturing industries. Lambeth, formerly called " The Junction " and Westminster, was settled in 1809 or 1810. It is claimed by David Patrick that his father, Abram, built the first log-house 8,t Lambeth, and was the first settler there. John Patrick, a brother, agrees with him, while Abrara, another brother, states that Schram and Dingman were there. Poole settled at Lambeth about 1810, and in 1822 came JoK i Routledge and his son, William, who settled on Lot 72, North Talbot road, where he died in 182(). His death being caused by falling olf a fence. In 1850, Rev. St. George Caulfield, of St. Thomas, was appointed to the mission of Westminster. About 1859 a temperance meeting was held within the church (a stone building) for the use of which the COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 579 teiniuMuiioo men paiil oiio dollar a month rent. Some one complained that they were destroyinj,' the huildinj^; but Mr. Cuulfield, who wa.s sent to rejiort, could not nj^iee with tlu; rumor. Trinity or I^amheth Church was ])re.sidi!d over in 1858-9 by liev, T. llu«,'lu!s; in i.Si.O, by M. S. Haldwiu ; in LSI) 1-2, by A. Potts, who had char;,'e of this and Hall's Mills; in IHO"), E. E. Newman was ap])ointe(i ; in 1S78, W. H. Halpin attended here as well a,s at Glan- worth; 1H79, liev. L. De Lew was pa.stor; in 1880, llev. K. Fletcher; and G. B. Sage in 188J. Abram Patrick, sr., donated the Methodist (Jhurch lands at Lambiith many years a;«o. The bible ('Inistian Church at Lambeth was established in lS72-.'i, with Itev. T. Greene, pastor, and he with llev. T. Broad were here iu 1874, and in 1875 Kev. Whitlock, of London, assisted Mr. Greene, the former being alone in 187<>-8. In 1879, Uev. T. Mason was appointed, and was succeedeil in 1881 l)y liev. J. (}. Yealland, who continuod to preside until the Methodist Union. John Heard & Son's caiTiage and waggon shops at Lambeth were burned in November, 1877, entailing a loss of SIO.OOO, on which there was no insurance. The village in 18r)7 contained :550 inhabitants. John Chalmers was postmaster; George Kelly, William McCracken and Charles Laird, merchants ; W. Croker and W. Sanagan, tailors ; Wm. P^agleton and James Keynolds, inn-keepers; J. liouglass, blacksmith; W. & J. Hall, carpenters; J. McConnell, cooper; J. Lackie, shoemaker; A. Fergu.son, cabinet-maker ; and W. II. Lancaster, bailifl'. Lambeth in 1888 had a jiopulation of 270. George Kelloy was postmaster, and he with A. J. G. Henderson and L. M. Vandermade were geneml merchants; William Collins, hotel proprietor; A. King and J. G. Mauston, carpenters ; Thomas Hall anil P. Ransom, saw-mill owners ; Wm. Burch, cheese manufacturer; J. McLellan and George Ilout- ledge, physicians ; A. Banantyue and D. Mann, blacksmiths ; George Heard, waggon-maker. Hall Mills, or Westminster, claimed a store, a distillery, grist-mill, tannery, cloth- factory and carding macliine, in 1850. The distillery was operated prior to this by liobert Summers. It was built by Cy. Hall about the time of the Itebellion ; he also built the tannery operated later by James McDowell and Taylor, the husband of one of the Allen girls. Puller S. Simonds erected the carding machine. Jonathan Sissons last and peg-factory was also established here. The English Church was presided over in 1861-2 by Mr. Potts. Among the members were : — The Lees, Youngs, Martins, Lackeys, Appletons, Harpers, Booths, Summers, Stephens, and others ; in 1880, liev. R. Fletcher is named as pastor. Pond Mills. — Thomas Baty settled on the 9th Concession of Lon- don Township in 1820. Robert Telfer also came here the same year. Baty purchased the Pond Mills in 18.'30, and operated it for many years. It is said that during years of shortage or depression, ho kept ' 580 HISTORY OF THE flour for the suffering people to whom b: sold on credit, while sending the moneyed men to some other mill. ack Hart is a witness of this liberality of the miller. Adam Murray taught school at Pond Mills years ago. Among his pupils was James Armstrong, with two others who liavo served in I'arliament In Jime, ISlio, a large lodge of Good Temjilars was organized here by S. T. Hammond, V. D , I. 0. G. T., and S. Allen, D.G. W. ('. T. Pioneer Temple was the name €adoi)ted, and tlie ofiicers chosen were : — Jas. Armstrong, 1). Jackson, J. L. Lyman, Robert Beatlie, Thomas Fleming, William Shannon, Sister Martha liarclay, John Grieve, Elliot Grieve, Elizabeth Nicklin, Andrew Beattie, jr., Andrew Beattie, sr., Thomas Grieve. In 1882 a post-office was established here, with W. Auger, master. Glanworth in 1888 had a population of IfiO. John Turnbull was postmaster, and he with Joshua Kendree were general merchants. John Dromgole kept hotel ; G. W. Doan was harness-maker ; J, A. Glenn, lumber dealer; A. Scott, carriage- builder ; A. Taylor, black- smith ; D. W. Turner, deal n" in agricultural implements ; and Henry Wall and Glanworth Chei'se Co., manufacturers of cheese. John Coughlin, an extensive stock-grower and dealer, is classed with the business men of the village, llichard loose's clearing, the first on the Sth Concession, was made in 18o4, between Belmont and north Talbot road ; while his son Richard and Arch. Carr surveyed and blazed tlie road from Glanworth to London, and from Glanworth to St. Thomas. He and Leonard Lewis killed a black bear there weighing 300 pounds. The pioneer died in 1851. His son served against the Patriots, and took two prisoners near St. Thomas. Minchin Jackson settled in Westminster in the thirties, where he was one of the founders of the Church of England. He was instrumental in securing the railroad depot for Glanworth. Mary Watson, an eccentric, educated English sjiinster, who was an early settler of Westminster, (in 18:-»9) donated twelve acres for Church of England purposes in the township, and was one of the founders of Christ Church there in 1844. She returned to England, and went thence to New Zealand, where she died. Her niece, Miss Watson, married Captain Kenny, of the old London garrison. Christ Church, Glanworth, appears in the records of 1869, with Rev. I. Brock, rector, who also was connected with St. John's Church and Huron College, of London City. In 1871, Rev. W. H. Halpin attended this church; in 1873, W. B. Rally; in 1876, Rev, W. H. Halpin; in 1880, Rev. R. Fletcher ; in 1883, Rev. S. L. Smith. Glanworth Presbyterian Church of St. Andrew, one and three- quarter miles east of the village, was erected in the fall of 1888 by W. F. Fawcett, just east of the old building. The architect was Mr. Durand, of London. The contract price was $7,000. " Jehovah Jireh " appears in raised letters on the east side of the tower. Westminster Grange was organized at Glanworth, March 4, 1874. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 581 with the followino-named officers : — Win. M. Beatty, master ; A. Niclioll, overseer; llciiry Aiitlerson, lecturer; N. Ciirnitliers, steward; J. McCall, assistant-steward ; F. Anderson, cluiplain ; J. Kerr, treas- urer; J. ElHot, secretary; P. MaeMillan, gate-keeper; ]\r. ('. Thomp- son, Ceres ; Miss M. Anderson, Flora; Miss I. Anderson, Pomona; Miss J. Kerr, assistant-steward. There were then but one other Grange in Ontario. In (^)nel)ec there were nine Granges, and it is estimated that throughout the States the number reached 12,000. The North Westminster Presbyterian congregation was organized in 1854, and a log building erected, which gave place to a frame, antl in 1880 to a brick structure. Among the members were : — ten Nichols, eight Elliotts, four Grieves, six Beatties, two Batys, four Raes, two Thompsons, nine Flemings, two Armstrongs, two Scotts, with Farris, Dodd, Stewart, Kose, Wilson, Ireland, Gowanlock, Bell, and others, aggregfiting sixty-nine raeml:)ers. The new Presbyterian church of AVilton Grove, Westminster Township, was opened November l-l, 1880, The building committee comprised : — E. Grieve, R. Beattie, D. Scott, W. Fleming, .1. Arm- strong, W. Hay, Alex. Begg, W^ Beatty, J. Law.son, with A. Nichol, of the finance committee. Kev. W^ni. Inglis, who in 18(50 was calleil as first pastor of the old church, was pre.sent. The total cost of building was $4,400. Tracy & Durand were architects, and Allan King, builder. Derwcnt claimed in 1888 a population of forty. George .left'rey was postmaster; J. JenVey, merchant ; H. McCallum and E. Water- land, blacksmiths, and G. II. Maiming, butcher. Maple Grove in 1888 had a population of seventy-five. Thomas Langford was postmaster, Mrs. Ashworth carried on a general store and Thomas Bunn a blacksmith's shop. GUndale post office was established in April, 1(S(S2. Muffuire post-oHice was established in April, 1882. Accidents. — John Lee, an old settler of St. Thomas, who moved to Westninster, was killed on the railroad in 1857. His widow died in 1868. Minnie Leonard was burned to death in Westminster in December, 18()7. Alex. Kerr, a resident of Westminster for thirty years, died in July, 1868. This old settler had just started to visit his son's house, when the horses ran away. He was cast out of the M'agon, the wheels of which were drawn across his heart. In August, 1809, a Mr. Sedgraan and son, of Westminster, and Albert Pannell, wife and child, of Strathroy, were drowned in the St Clair, oil' Port Huron ; also a Mr. Sedgraan, of Fort Gratiot, and a Mrs. Wilson. W^alter Bodington, an English emigrant, shot liimself at Lambeth, December 25, 1885. Thomas Pargater, an old resident of Westminster, was killed by a falling tree in December, 1887. 582 HISTORY OF THE CHAPTER XXXIII. LONDON SOUTH. London South, although a distinct municipality, has been referred to often in the general history of the county, as well as in that of the city and of Westminster. Its organization, with the names of repre- sentatives in the county council, is given in the i)ages devoted to the transactions of that council. The town is simply a suburb of the city, where many of the best citizens reside, among the number: — Col. Leys, John Beattie, Henry Taylor, John Marshall, Dr. Piper, Rev. Evans Davis, John McClary, Rev. James Ballantyne, Mrs. John Birrell, Chas. A. Case, E. Jones Parke, Hon. David Mills, Thomas Churcher, Wm. J. Clarke, E. N. Curry, T. G. Davey, Judge Davis, Charles Hutchinson, Charles Elliott, Henry M. Elliott, John Fairgrieve, Alexander Ferguson, Major Gartshore, Wm. Gerry, (,!has. F. Goodhue, Wallace Halle, Col. Hesketh, Wm. R. Hobbs, Wm. Horton, C. B. Hunt, C. S. Hyman, L. Ingram, M. J. Kent, Rev. A. Langford, Chas. H. Fewings, Thomas McCormick, Daniel Mactie, John R. Minhinnick, A. S. Muiray, John Pope, Mrs. Teale, -Mrs. Simpson Smith, Wm. Tliomas, Geo. T. Trebilcock, George White, Charles Richardson, Levi Lewis and A. Gauld. The homes may be said to be all comfortable, while many of the persons named aljove have elegant residences here. The work of building has been carried on through the past year, the houses of Donald Ferguson, W. Gerry, John Fox, Peter McGill, W. Covet, C. H. Fewing.s, James Williams and James Hatfield being two-story brick buildings. Wm. Chapman and D. MacAlpine had their brick cottages erected last year, while a number of frame cottages have been constructed. St. James's, Westminister, appears on the records of 1874-5, with Rev. E. Davis, pastor. In 1(S82 this was known as St. James's, of Lon- don South. In 1873 a modest brick building was erected for the pur- poses of worship, wherein Reverends Smythe or Innes would preside. A large brick edifice has taken the place of the pioneer church build- ing, but the latter is still used for Sunday school purposes. The immber of Bajitist families resident in the beautiful suburb of London South having been steadily increasing, preliminary steps were taken, which resulted in the formal organization of the congregation at a meeting held April 6, 1888 ; Rev. A. H. Munroe of St. Thomas, ofliciating as moderator. On the evening of that day the inaugural service was held. Among those taking part were : — Rev. Mr. Mun- roe, Rev. W. H. Porter, Rev. T. T. Trotter (of Woodstock), Rev. Alex. Grant, Rev. T. .Tohnston, and Rev. Jas. Ballantyne, pastor of Knox Presbyterian Church. Since that time services have been held in COUNTY OK MIDULESKX. 583 the building occupied V)y the Bible Christi.an congregation prior to the union ot' the Methodist churciies in 1S84. Latterly it has been used by the Knox Presbyterian Church jieople for a Sunday school- room. Rev. W. J. McKay, B. A., of McMaster Hall, Toronto, has been selected as pastor of the new Baptist church. At the present writing the congregiition numbers about 175. In the general history of the Baptist Church many of the early names connected tlierewith will be found, particulaly during the pastorate of Mr. Sloot. The Methodist Churcli, situated on the corner of Askiu and Theresa streets, was a branch of the old parent tree on North street of this city, beginning in charge of Kev. Dr. Freshman, a converted Jew. Services were first held in the public school building, and in January, 187;"), a frame structure, the nucleus of the Sunday-school building, was erected. The deed of tlie lot is dated October 24, 1874. In con- sequence of a deplorable accident, Rev. Dr. Freshman did not live to see the incejition of the pastorate in the structure then being raised. He was thrown backward from a carriage in which he was seated by the sudden starting of the horse and sustained injuries from which he shortly afterwards died at his home on Talbot street in the city. The foundation of the membership in the new church was the result of a gracious revival conducted by the Rev. Wm. Chapman, of this citj'. For a time the church was supplied from Queen's avenue, but by the zealous exertions of Wesleyan and New Connexion Methodists in in the suburb, liberally aided by members of Queen's Avenue (Jhurcli, a regular pastor, Rev. .labez Edmunds, now connected with the Churcli of England, was secured in 187*). He was succeeded by Kev. F. H. Sanderson, under whose ministry the edifice became too small, and was enlarged at a cost of about IJoOO. Next came Rev. Mr. McCullough, who had pastoral charge for about nine months, when he was suc- ceeded by the Rev. Thomas Colling, now of Simcoe. He remained for three years. By this time the congi'egation began to outgrow altogether the frame structure, and the present brick edifice was resolved upon, and on August 10, 1880, the corner-stone was laid, Mr. John Mason wielding the trowel. Rev, Dr. Sanderson, then chairman of the district, was present, and took the leading part in the ceremonial. Among other clergymen present were the Rev. Messrs. J. Rhilp, J. S. Ross, B. B. Keefer, D. Savage, J. Rollins, T. Colling (pastor), and R. E. Tui)per. The edifice was opened for public worship on Friday, Febru- ary 11, 1881, Rev, Dr. Sanderson opening the service. Rev. Dr. Potts preaching, and Rev. Mauley Benson delivering an address ; Rev. Mr. Colling assisted in the service. The succeeding pastor was Rev. Geo. Brown, who remained two years, before the close of which period a large addition to the school-room (the old church) became necessary, in order to provide accommodation consequent upon the coming in of the Bible Christian congregation and Sunday school, as a result of the Methodist Union, At the expiration of two years, Rev. R, J, Tro 37 584 HISTOUY OK THE leaven, previously in the Queen's Avenue Cliurcli, was stiiUoncd in London South, and continued for three years, when he was stationed at Chatham. During his ])astorate galleries were jilaced in the church, a new pipe organ placed in position, and other improvements made. In June, 18.S7, the present worthy pastor, the Kov. Alex. Langford, of Winnipeg, and a fomier president of the Loudon Conference, was appointed, a? .1 under his ministration the cause is enjoying large prosperity. Last winter the Sunday school was .igain enlarged and improved, it being now, in many resj)ects, a model. Including the parsonage, the Loudon South Methodist Church property is valued at !|24,000. The office of recording steward is filled by A. Westman. In 1879, London South Circuit of the JJible Christian Church was established, with IJev. W. Eollins in charge. In 1S81, He v. A. C. Courtice was appointed, and, in 188:!, T. W. Blatchford, who served until the Union of Methodist Churches. Knox Church was organized and services begun in connection with it in September, LS84. The names of the original members are : — Mr. and Mrs. A. Gauld, Mr. and Mrs. K. N. Curry, Mr. and Mrs. Johnston Brown, Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Sutherland, Miss E. J. Suther- land, William Morris, Charles Morton, Mrs. Charles Alorton, Miss H W. Morton, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Elliott, Miss ]\Iinnie Moore. Mr. and Mrs. A. Riddell, ^Irs, .Ino. Tytler, Miss Jessie Tytler, J. II. Hamilton, Mrs. J. Malcolm, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Scott, Alex. McQueen, Mrs. li. J. Blackwell, Mr. and ]Mrs. Jno. Fairgrieve, Mr. and Mrs. Ilobt. Cowan, Geo. Shaw. Mrs. M. (5. Westlaud, Miss E. M. Westland, Mi.ss Lillian Westlaud, Miss H. V. Westland, Mrs. E. H. Sammons, !Mrs. F. B. Leys, Mis. D. JMacfie, Mrs. K. Hamilton, Miss Mary Milne. The officera of the church are liev. James Ballantyne, B. A., jjastor. Elders — A. Gauld, C. H. Elliott and Charles Morton. Board of man- agers comprises D, Macfie, chairman; James Stewart, sec.treas. ; Jno. Macpherson, .Jno. Ferguson. Jno. Marshall, W. H. Weston, 1'. J. McGill and And. Dick. Superintendentof Sabbath School — Alexaiulcr McQueen; secretary, J. Stewart; librarian, W. Morris, jr. The Wo'nen's Missionary Society is presided over by Mrs. Ballantyne ; Vice-presidents, Mrs. Schoolin and Mrs. Gauld ; secretary, Miss McKenzie ; treasurer, Miss Kossiter. The main church building was erected in 1884, and the Sabbath School in 1888, at a total cost of $17,000. From its inception the congregation has been self-sustaining. The contributions for all purposes have amounted each year to ui)- wards of $40 per family. Sciioola. — London South is provided with excellent schools, which are, in fact, combined public and high schools, doing successfully all the work from the primary class Uj the preparation of candidates for teachers' certificates. London South has ♦^^he honor of being one of the very few places in Canada which practically recognizes the sur- passing importance of excellent teaching in the primary classes. All the assistants in this suburb are Normal-trained second-class teachers. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 585 rec'ivuig equal salary It would not be considered a promotion by a teacher to be clianj^ed frou, a First Book to a Tliird Book class. A successful Knidergarte]! school is carried 0,1 in connection with the London .South system which is a part of East Middlesex, under the inspectorate of Mr. John Dearness, whose j.redecessor was Mr E <.roat In former times, schools in that district were under the super- >nteijdei|ce for awhile of Eev. .Tames Simpson, and at another period ot Mr. James Armstron;,', now M. V. Tnn?" J"".'""; .r'U^^ /■''["'"" Township forms a circuit, known as London bouth of the Methodist Cin.rch of Ca.uula. It was formerly a Wesleyan Society. In 1S74, Benjamin Sherlock was ai,pointed pastor, and served until 1876. In 1877-U, Thomas and A. C C^ws were nunisters; but in 1879, Geo. Lounds succeeded A. C. Crews M?^Sf'•f'1'h^V"u"''"^^'^^^'"'"'^■'^^••^I««'•« ^ere appointed to ^ T ^J^" I'^I^^'t'' ''''' -^ '"''''"^'^''•■^' increased in 1880 to fl fi! 1 r. ' ^?^',"'»' "*" '^'■''''' ^"'^ 'J- ^- Hockev were minis- ters, the latter succeeded in 1,S82 by F. A Cassidy in 1883 bv Wra. Morton, Arva, W. (Jassidy still assisting. In 1884 Heber' W Crews took Mr. Cassidy's j.lacJ. ' 586 HISTOUY OF THE CHAPTEK XXX IV. EAST WILLIAMS. East Williams is bounded south by Adelaide, south-east by Lobo, north by McGillivvay, east by London, and west by West Williams. The township is watered by the Aux Saubles, which runs in a zig-zag course from Ailsa Craig, in the north ea,st, to the hamlet of Spring- bank, in the south-west. Numerous feeders of this river are found everywhere in the eastern and south-eastern sections. The soil of the township is excellent, and several farm houses portray die taste and thrift of the inhabitants. The days of large game passed away long before the pioneers, but still at long intervals a bear or wolf or Indian comes to make a survey of the old hunting grounds. In fact, there are a few Indian residents here, who reside on or near .lohn Doyle's lands in the Wylie neigh- borhood. In I81S0, an eagle was killed by James Campbell, of East Wil- liams. It measured seven feet from tip to tip of its outspread wings. The township formed part of the domain of the Canada company, for whom it was surveyed by Macdonald, of Goderich. In 1833 the Highland Scotch floclced hither and soon the air of the wilderness was filled with the pastoral shouts and songs of the Donalds — Mcintosh, Henderson, and Eraser ; of the Jamies — Koss, ^IcPhersou, Bremner ; and of the Hughs — McKenzie and Crawford. George Shipley was also here, and all with their families opened the drama of settlement here in 1833. Donald Mcintosh, as agent of the Canada company, established the village of Nairn and built the mills at that point. lloads were opened by the company, and other steps taken to insure the sale of lands in this portion of their territory. Donald Mcintosh settled in Williams Township in 1831 as agent of the Canada company. He built the first grist and saw-mills in that section at Nairn, the same which was running in modern times. His death occurred in 1863. Alex. S, Stuart, who came about 1832 or 1833, died at Carlisle, in September, 1886. John Stewart, who with his parents settled here in 1832, died in 1884. Mrs. Dougald Moore, who died at Strathroy October 30, 1878, was a daughter' of Donald Henderson of East Wil- liams, who came to Canada from Scotland in 1832. The Ross family referred to in the general history, is one of the oldest in the township; while one of the family is a member of the Dominion Cabinet. David Cluness, who came from Scotland in 1833 and settled in East Williams, died in July, 1875. John Levie came with his parents from Scotland in 1834, and settled in East Williams at a time when not more than fifty acres were cleared in the whole township. ' COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX. 587 His neighbors were Donald McTiitosh, Captain Hugh Mcintosh, "the great loyalist," the Andersons, Canijibells, Petty Streets, A, D. Stewart, the McQuillicans, McNeils, .iiid Squire Cluness. In 1876 he contested the seat in Parliament with Colin Scatcherd ; but, being a Liberal-Conservative, was defeated. Wni. Fraser, who died in 1856, and his wife, Janet McLean, who died in March, ], while Ilobert Thompson, another resident, was in his 8;!rd year. The leading old residents of East Williams who were in the town- ship in 1880 are named as follows :— TratVord Campbell, 1847; James Campbell, 184G ; John Dingman, 18o3; Donald McNaughton, 1834; A. K. Eraser, 1836; Dugald Eraser, 1844; Duncan Graham, 1846; Joseph Ha.skett, LSlU; John Levie, 1834; John Leitch, 1843; Neil McTaggaii, 1831 ; William McInto.sh, 1832; Hugh McDonald, 1840; David McKenzie, 183G; John L. ^IcKenzie, 1831; Malcolm Mc- Intyre, 1835; Wm. Menzies, 1844; John Moore, 1846; John Milli- ken, 1848; James B, McDonald, 1838; A. J. Koss, 1833; Donald Ross, 1832; Thomas Shipley, 1848; Duncan Stewart, 1844; Donald C. Stewart, 1833; John Stewart, 1845; J. S. Scale, 1844; I). J. Thomas, 1840. In 1842 the original township of Williams was organized, as relat- ed in the history of West Williams. East Williams was organized in 1860, with Wm. Wells, Neil Mc- Taggart, James McArthur, Donald W\aters and Alexander Henderson, councillors. David Wylie was appointed auditor and Colin McKenzie, clerk, in 1862, Messrs. Tapping, Campbell, Levie, Stewart, Waters and McLeod formed tl. Council, and on February 20, David Wylie, the present clerk, was ai linted to that oflice ; David M. lio.ss, collec- tor, and Paul Austin, . ,suer of licenses. The Council of 1888 com- prised: — Trattbrd Campbell, reeve; James McFarlane, deputy- reeve ; 588 HISTORY OF THK Thomas Wyatt, John Leslie mid Ridiurd \V. Twoddle, comicillors ; Wni. McCalhim assessor; Jolui Duncan and Andrew J. Ross, audi- tors; and Diigald Campbell, treasurer. Churches. — The Methodist Church of this township dates back in the forties, but not until liS65 did Methodism take organized shape here. Delancey's Wesleyan class of 1 865 comprised : — The Joneses, Taylors, Hagermans, Iteises, Delanceys, IJlisses, Fikes, I'ayntons, Smiths, Hunsickers, and Armstrongs The members of the Wesleyan Church of the IDth Concession in 1860, were : — The Turners, I'eswithericks, Keeders, Youngs, Towles, Baynhams, Mawsons, Johnstons, I'axtons, and A|)jiletons. Among the members at Ailsa Craig in 1867 were : — W. K. Atkin- son and wife, the Merritt and Scafe familitis, Joseph Eevington and wife, Sarah Harcuss, Mary LongstatV, Duncan McAlpine and wife, James and Samh Kerr, ]\Irs. Miliill. Catherine SholV, Jane Stonehouse Sol. Casler and wife, John Topping and wife, Itobin't and Margaret Armstrong, John Atkinson, Hector S. Munroe and wife, Mrs. Prangley, William and Elizabeth Smith, Margaret Murray, Eliza Levie, Mrs, Evans, Ellen Jones, John Itanton, (}(!0. AVallace, William Diamond, Eobert and Elijah Sherburne, Nathan Biittrick and P. McDermid. In 1868 a number were i^'ceivcd into the Church here. The Wesleyans of Mars Hill in 1866 were the Lees, Dickhouts, Garbuts, Mc]\Iurtrys, Brightons, ( "orbetts, Hodgins, Loyds, Arcoats, George and Thomas Brown, Dixons, Watsons, Pierces, Kichardsons, Rumolers, Cravens, Smiths, Lightfools, Portes, I\Iahons, Glens and Martins. The Methodist Church of Canada at Ailsa Craig is a con- tinuation of the Wesleyan Society of 1873. R. W. Williams was pastor in 1874 ; Geo. Jackson, in 1870-7 ; John Ridley, 1878-80 ; John Turner, 1881-;!; ])avid Rogers, 1884, who remained until suc- ceeded by Rev. John Hough in 1887. The church was built by John Scafe, contractor, who with J. M. Remington, Aaron Marritt, Andrew Robinson, Daviil KiMuiedy, James Watson and W. K. Atkinson, form the Bijard of Trustees. St. Andrew's Presbyterian congregation of East Williams under- took the work of building a frame house of worship on land donated by Angus Stewart, adjoining the glebe lands, in May, 187-. In 1871 a similar building was erected in another ])art of Rev. R. Chambers's iield, which was dedicated Oct. 29, 1871 ; and in 1872 a new building took the place of the old one on the Andrew Ross farm. The Presbyterian Church at Nairn was detached from Ailsa Craig in 1877. Rev. Lachlan McPherson, who for thirty-.seven years was i)astor of the McPhersou Presbyterian Church of East Williams, died in March, 1886. After the destruction of the Presbyterian Church at Nairn by lightning, June 11, 1880, Rev. John Wells, the pastor, called a meet- ing to consider the question of rebuilding. At this time, June 21, 1880, Jas. Mc Arthur, John S. McEwen, Colin Stewart, Peter Stewart, COUNTY OP MIDDLESKX. 580 David Fraser, David Sutlieiland, Hugh Henderson and Tmflord Camp- bell were apjKjinted a building committee. On March 0, 1881, the house was finished and opened. The oldest record in j)osses3ion of the clerk of the Presbyterian Church of Ailsa Craig dates back to Jjinuary 18, 1871. Rev. John Itennie presided, with liobert Calderwood, secretary. Mr. Eennie also prcached at Nairn ; and among the ollicial members of the two churches at this time were : — Alex. Hotson, Henry Spence. Arch. Bell, II. David- son, J. Livingstone, John Morton, li. Lorimer, Wm. Mcintosh, VVm. Shipley, David Craig, A. Henderson and A. 1). Stewart. At this time Shipley and Craig oflered lots for a building site, and the latter's otter of Lot No. 40 was accepted. rre))arations were at once made for building, and the name Presbyterian Church of Ailsa Craig adopted. Pending the erection of this house, services were held in the Methodist Church. In 1876, John McKay was secretary, but H. Gilchrist filled that position, and the question of building a manse was considered. In 1875, Dr. Gunn, and, in 1878, Dr. Anderson, came to the village, both being members, and the latter has served as secretary since 1881. Ilev. John llennie continued to preside over the churches of Carlisle and Ailsa Craig up to May, 1888, when he moved to Sault Ste. Marie. The enrolled membership of Ailsa Craig is 166, while at Carlisle the number approximates 100. The English Church Mission at Nairn in 1861 claimed, among others, the following members: — John Dimond, Alex. McDonald, Donald McLeod, D. Fraser and W. Glass. Trinity Church, Ailsa Craig, dates back as a separate mission to 1871, when Rev. W. Davi.",, who came in 1869, presided over the con- gregation here ; also at St. Mary's and Christ Church, McGillivray, and at Ryan's school-house. During his administration the three churches were built. Rev. F. Ryan was pastor in 187o ; Rev. C. J. Green, in 1874-5; Rev. J. Holmes, in 1877; Rev. W. Johnson, 1878. Rev. \V. M. Shore is the present rector. The East Williams Mutvuil Fire Insurance Company was organized July 26, 1875. On that day the following-named officers were appointed: — J. Levie, Jas. McArthur, W. J. Anderson, .1. Hord, J. Premner, R. Cowie, T. G. Shipley, W. Ross, A. R. Fraser, and D. Jones. Of these the first three were resj)ectively president, vice-president, -' HISTOUV OK TIIK we liiivt' llireo soots ('.sfulili.slifKl, Baptist, Pivshytiirian and Methodist; iiiid l'sr)5, foundry ; C. W. Elliott, 187"), watch-maker; Kil- bonrne & Gray, 1X57-71, j^rocers and telej,'raph agents; Thomas Hey, I8t.i(), drugj^ist and Dominion Telej,'raj)h aj,'ent; Thomas Jones, 1848, "groceries and li(|Uors ; Samuel Gillies, 1873, ])lanin, flax mills; John S. McDonald, l87(i, IJailroad Exchange Hotel; A. M. Munro, IS.".."!, Ailsa Craig Ilotel; H. C. Munro, 1850, Farmers' Hotel; Peter Mclveith, 1855, and l{ol)ert Harrison, 1801, shoe-dealers; Thomas Ihuwn, 1854, and Peter Overholt, 18(15, shoemakers ; McCallura, 187i;, and John McKay, 1871, tailors; VVm. O'Leary, 1850, ])ainter ; Ji)hn Pemberton, 1850, Imilder ; E. 15. Smith, 1870, conveyancer; W. yherwin, 1 801, furniture; Joscjih W. Stewart, 1847, teacher; 11. W. Twiddle, 1S57, lumber dealer; Jo.sei)h Tate, 1809, builder; David J. Craig, 184J, and Thomas Keown, 185G, drovers; James II. Andei-son, 18 , and John Gunn, 1S75, ])hy,sicians. The po])ulation in 1888 was 725. Shackleton Hey was ]iost- master. The business interests of the village are represented by Guim & Grant, G. F. Arnold and J. H. McKay, general merchants ; Thomas Hey and D. A. Stewart, druggists ; James Allen and Joseph liosser, hardware d(!alers ; T. Brown and 1). Stevenson, l)oots and shoes ; A. Brownley, jeweler; L. M. Gather, stationery and books; Mrs. Coulter, J. Morgan & Co., and W. M. Shoebottom, grocers; J. W. lieid, W. McKay and W. McAlpine, tailors; A. M. Munro, H. C. Munro and Wm. Drought, liotel-keepers; John Bowman, butcher; C. Melville, harness ; D. S. Macdonald, shoemaker ; T. Stevenson, furniture ; Misses McNaughton and Overholt. dressmakers ; Peter Overholt and A. H. Paull, bakers; M Mclntyre, 11. Kobinson, George Shii)ley and D. F. Stewart, live stock dealers ; Owen & Co., Shipley Si, Co., and Hey & Co., bankers. The manufacturing interests are repre- sented by \\. (.'. Nichol's jiump-factory. Gunn & Ward's flax-mill, Gilles & Son's saw-mill, J. Alexander's and the McDonald's carriage factories. In 1871 a committee was appointed to further the interests of the village. On February 23, this committee held the first meeting, with Dr. Harrison, presiding, and S. Hey, secretary. Dr. Henderson, T. G. S. Neville, anci W. K. Atkinson, members, were jircsent. Their first action related to the Tueasiu'es then being taken by the people of Park- hill to secure a registry office, when a resolution to have such office established here was adopted, and a communication on the subject COUNTY OK MI 1)1)1. KSKX. 893 maili'il to Mr. Scatdionl, at Ottawa. In ^^aI•cll, 1 87 1 , a mnp of the villuf^e WHS tlniflud by \V. Moliitosli and juosenttKl to tlii.s (,'ouncil. At this time, G. (J. Hamilton, \V. G. Shiphiy, and J. H. Priestly, were added to the committee. Ellorts wen! made to secure a foundry, and plans for the fjeneral improvement of the villajie adopted. The last record of tliis committee is dated April 1^7, 1H71 ; but in May, 1H74, a similar body was or<,'anized. The committee on incorporation met May G, 1874, when W. K. Atkinson, presided, with Dr. W. T. Harri.son, .secretary. Amonjj; the members were: — S. Hey, G. D. Arnold, H. (rilchrist, W. McInto.sh, and Joseph Kosser. The last meetinj,' was held dune lio, when pro- gress was rejiorted and llu! committee discharj^ed. The first village meeting was held January 19, 187r>, when S. Hey, presided, and John Hughs, T. G. S. Neville, H. (iilchrist, ajid \V. 11. Atkinson, councillors, were ])re.sent. William Mcintosh was appointed clerk; \Vm. Slioff, license inspector; C}. D. Arnold, and J. \V. Priestly, auditors. In Marcii, the fire engines, then owned by the volunteer brigade, were ordered to be rei)aired at i)ublic exj)ense. In May, the following named were gi'anted S>11.37 each, being the amount contributed by each toward the exi)enses of incorporation : — William Mcintosh, W. T. Harrison, T. G. « Neville, S. Hey, CJeo. I). ArnoKl, (}. A. Mihell, Jos. lJos.scr, H. Gilchrist, and W. K. Atkinson. The Council of 1 870 comprised, W. K. Atkinson, H. Gilchrist, J. Livingston and W. Sholf; of 1877, George D. Arnold, H.Gilchrist, Joseph Kosser and 11. W. Tweddle; of 1878, George I). Arnold, H. (iil- christ, W. K. Atkinson, Joseph ltos.ser and K. W. TwediUe ; of 1879, George I). Arnold. S. Hey, J. W. Priestly and Joseph Ilo.sser ; of 1880, John S. Cameron, David H. ('raig, Wnj. Drought and Duncan A.Stewart; of 1881, John S. Cameron, Wm. Drought, David Jones and Duncan F. Stewart ; of 1882, -F. S. Cameron, H. Gilchri.st, D. Jones and 1). F. Stewart; of 1883, W. Barbour, S. Hev, D. F. Stewart and C. Walker; of 1884, G. D. Arnold, F. Atkinson, T. Keown and 0. Walker; of 188'), J. Alexander, F. Atkinson, S. Hey and T. Keown; of 1886, J. Alexander, F. Atkinson, G. S. McDonald and D. A. Stewart; of 1887, James Alexander, (J. S. McDonald, S. Pride and D. A. Stewart ; and of 1888, James Alexander, 1). Gray and William Tweddle. E H. Smith served as clerk from 1876 to 1886, when Wm. McKay was elected. In 1875, Christopher Cuisick's Western Hotel, A. D. Campbell's Kaih'oad Exchange, Hector C. Munro's Farmers' Hotel, Angus Mun- ro's Ailsa Craig Hotel, Mrs. and Mary Coulter's Royal Hotel, were the hotels of the village. Liquor licenses were also issued in 1875 to Duncan Gray and Wm. H. Neville. On December 1, 1879, the fire department by-law was sidopted. In this document the name of Eliliu li. Smith occurs as engineer. He was succeeded by John Alexander ; and on July 26, 1888, when the old fire comj)any was reorganized, was succeeded by E. B. Smith, 594 HISTOllY OF THE '^1 ; William Matheson, D. J. Watson, 1875; engineer ; John Alexander, assistant ; Frank Atkinson, captain of engine company ; Wm. McKay, of hose company ; and D. H. Gilles, of hook and ladder company ; John McKay, first-lieutenant, and Dun- can Bell, second-lieutenant, of hose company. The membership com- prises forty men of engine company, twelve of hose company, and fourteen of iiook and ladder company. Lodges. — Craig Lodge, No. 214, A. F. & A. M., G. 11. C, was chartered July 15, 13G9. The list of past masters is as follows:— T. llichardson, ISO!); E. A. Mumford, 1S70 1872; J. Wilson, 187:^ ; Kichard Sands, 1S74; William K. Atkinson, 1876 ; William Barbour, 1877 ; William Mathe- son, 1878; James R. Anderson, 187!»; L. E. Shipley, 1880; J. R. Anderson, 1881 ; John Wells. 1882-8:t ; John H. McKay, 1884; E. B. Smith, 1885 ; John McKay, l88(.i-87. Saxon Lodge, No. 121, I. O. O. F., was instituted September 17, 1873, the charter members being W. T. Harrison, N. G. ; Frank Atkin- son, V. G. ; S. Pride, treasurer ; C. Munro, P. S. ; Jos. llosser, K. S. ; and J. E, Neville, L. S. N. G. The officers at present are : — Junior past-grand, Wm. McKay; noble-grand, D. H. Gillies; vice-grand. John Shipley ; recording secretary, Wm. McKay ; permanent secre- tary, Jno. Alexander ; treasurer, Jos. liosser. The A. O. U. W. Lodge was instituted June 29, 1883, by W. Long, D. D. G. M. W., under ine jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Ontario. There were eighteen charter members ; following are the names :— John Gunn, M. D. ; Hector Gunn, G. S. ^McDonald, (,'. Walker, J. S. McDonald, Jos. Eosser, G. A. Mihell, Malcolm McCallum, Rev. W. Johnson, H. G. Anderson, J. R. Anderson, M. D., Thos. Hey, S. Hey, J. J. Cassidy, R. Lambert, Duncan Stevenson, W. Robson and Alex. Leitch. The present officers are: — G. A. Mihell, G. S. McDonald, Thonms Hey, il Parker, J. S. McDonald, Jas. Rosser, D. A. Stewart, G. W. Munroe. W. Hughes, R. H. Sands; and J. R. Anderson, Dr. Gunn, J. S. 3IcDonald and W. Easton are trustees. The lodge owns the building. The W. V. T. U. ( .' Ailsa Craig was organized in February, 188G, with thirty-eight members. The first president was Mrs. Dempsey, with Mrs. Rogers and Mrs. Murray, vice presidents ; Miss M. McKay, R. S. ; Mrs. G. W. Perry, C, S. ; and Mrs. Forbes, treasurer. Mihell & Owens's tm-niiig factory at Ailsa Craig was destroyed by fire in March, 1886. The total loss was over $4,000 ; insurance, $2]- 500. The Ailsa Craig fire of July, 1888, destroyed Wm. Easton's flour- ing mill and the Scafe dwelling. Prior to this George McDonald's dwelling was destroyed. Accidents. — The explosion of a steam sawing machine boiler at Ailsa Craig, June 22, 18G8, resulted in the death of two whites and two negroes, and the serious wounding of four other per.sons. In January, 1873, an old man named Frank McKenzie was COUNTY OF MIDDLESti;X. 595 instantly killed on the track of the Grand Trunk, about half a mile east of Ailsa Craig, by No. 2 Express. It appears the old man was going to see his son, who, a short time before, lost his arm while coupl- ing cars at Ailsa Craig, and had reached the point mentioned on his way there, when he was found horribly mutilated, the top and back part of his head being completely crushed. His position on the track was not discovered until too late to stop the train. It will be remem- bered that the wife of deceased, while endeavoring to send some cloth- ing to the injured son, was run over by the cars at Point a few days before and instantly killed ; while another son was killed in a similar manner about two years before. In July, 1886, James Carr, an old resident of Ailsa Craig, and owner of the brick and tile-works there, was drawn into the machinery and crushed to death. Physicians. — The first resident physician at Ailsa Craig was Dr. McKinnon, followed by Doctors AlcAlpine, Harrison, Henderson, Gunn, Anderson and Stewart, the last-named three being the present physi- cians of the district. 'tf^'i^' 596 HISTORY OF TlIE CHAPTER XXXVI. WEST WILLIAMS. West Williams is bounded on the west by the Kivev Anx Sauble?, dividing it from Lambton County ; soutli by Adelaide Townshij) ; east by East Williams ; and north by McGillivray. The Aux Saubles flows in a tortuous course across its southern sections, taking its northward course just north of its south-western corner. Several tributaries of the main river course through the town- ship, affording a water supply to almost every lot. Under date July 2, 188C, the following report on a stream of this township was made to the County Council : — " The water course is called Seba Iliver in McGillivray, and Spring Creek in West Williams. It leaves West Williams at Lot 20, in the 20th Concession and crosses the Town Line on the allowance for road between it and McGillivray. At thiit jraint there is a willow marsh from (300 feet to 800 feet wide; the bridge is 180 feet in length ; the floor of the bridge at the lowest place is two feet and a half above the water, as observed by the County Engineer on the 8th of .Tune, 1886. Mr. Talbot thinks the water is never as high as the lowest elevation of the bridge. The clear water is about 150 feet wide, and the depth from three to seven feet. On either side there is a willow marsh. It is very hard on the Town Line, at the site of the present bridge, to tell the direc- tion that the water flows ; it seems to flow with tlirj wind whichever way it may be for the time. The Grand Trunk Railroad crosses the creek at an elevation of about twenty feet with a span of thirty feet on Lot No. 1 in the 20th Concession of West Williams. After crossing into McGillivray, the creek takes a north-westerly course until it spreads and is lost in the drowned lands in the latter township, between three and four miles from the Town Line of McCJillivray, on the side road between Lots 20 and 21. There is a township bridge 150 feet long ; but Mud Creek empties into the stream between the Town Line and the lower bridge. The sources of the stream are apparently all in the Township of West Williams." The Aaron Arnold gas well at Sylvan was discovered September 4, 1888, by Welch and Smith. On striking the gas vein, the explosion threw clay and rock far above the derrick, and on the gas being ignited the flame leaped fifty feet, but was ultimately confined to a one-inch jet, which was utilized to run the engine. Later, when pumping commenced, a large quantity of petrolemn was found with the water. The first meeting to organize the Township of Williams was held January 3, 1842, when the followaig otticers were appointed, Andrew Thompson presiding: — Donald Mcintosh, councillor; A. Tliompson, I COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. ■■97 clerk ; W. Stewart, Gen. Shipley, Ilev. Duncfin Mc^Iillan, Dmicaii Catnpbell and Colin McKenzie, school commissioners ; Duncan Cami)- bell, assessor ; Peter Melville, collector ; Donald Campbell, John Fishier, Dr.vid Cluness, wardens ; John Stewait, Wm. Moore, Donald Watson and Donald Campbell, pound-keepers; D>i<^ald Moore, I'eter (.'nrrie, Hugh Crawford, Duncan Stewart, John Stewart, Thomas Eyenon, 1>. Walters, John Fisher, Ale.x. Stewart, IT. ^IcKenzie, John McKillican, John Mcintosh, Wm. Wells, Wm. Halbert, J. McNaughton, James Koss, John Bremner, Malcolm Cameron and Austin lioot, road over- seers. The first action of this council was to enact that all fences should be five feet high, and that hogs, horses and bulls should not run at large. In 1843, all the ofticers of the former year held their positions. In June, 184:i, £6 6s. 'M. were expended on public works. In 1844, Wm. Wells was appointed town clerk ; John McEwen, Hugh Fraser and Fred. Harrison, wardens ; Alex. Stewart, Duncan McEwen, John Forbes, Peter Currie and John Clark, pound-keepers. Among the new names given in the list of road-over.seers were those of John Levie, Roderick McKay, .Fohn Pedin, D. Bisset, Martin Dugan, Asa Lynde, Tom Daniel, It. Webb and Duncan McFarlane. In 1845, John Toppitig appears as warden, while John Skilf, Alexander Muiu'o, Angus McDonald are ufimed among the new road-overseers. During this year the wardens sold the elfects " of the late -James Dixon," realizing £61 139. 3d. at auction, and £1 lis. 6d. at private sale. The list of buyers appears to cover the roll of all the settlers in the old Township of Williams and neighborhood. In 1846 new names appear on the list of ofliccrs, such as Donald Gillies, Donald McNeil, John Scafo, Andrew Ross, John Cruikshank, John Cummins, Robert Dewer, A. McLaughlin, C. Ward, Dugald Fer- guson, D. Grame and John Cluness. In 1847 the oflicers were, in the main, the same as in the fonner year ; but in 1848 Peter Melville was chosen clerk ; Wni. Stewart, assessor ; and Jolin McNaughton, col- lector. Colin McKenzie was clerk in 1849, and Robert Leslie, asses- sor; Donald Mcintosh being still councillor. In 1851, Geo. Shipley for Carlisle, Hugh Fraser for Inverness, David Cluness for Victoria, John McLachlan for Bruce, and Donald Fraser for Albert Ward, wen; elected councillors, and Peter Melville, auditor. In 1852, James Gray replaced John iVlcLachlan. This year there were no less than fifty-two pathmasters appointed, and five fence- viewers. In 1853, John Clark and James Morgan were appointed license inspector. In 1854, Hugh F'raser, D. Ross, John Levie, Lewis Mott and Donald FVaser were elected councillors. In 1855, Donald Watters of Victoria, John Bremner of Bruce, and Andrew Elliot of Albert, were elected coun- cillors, and David Wylie, inspector of licenses. In 1856, Donald Watters was chosen reeve, and Councillor Fraser, deputy ; with John Love and Peter Melville, assessors. In 1857 mention is made of the town hall at Nairn, and at this time also mention is made of a new school section being granted on petition of Robert Thompson and 598 lIISTOUy OF THK others ; ami a saloon license was granted to Walter Ross for his house at Nairn. The first nieetinf,' to divide the township was called on Feh. 5, 1857, to meet at N irn, Feb 21); but on that date ('. Fraser and C. Bremner moved that such a division was inexj)edient. In 1857 the Council established the Nairn Fair, to be held on the third Thursday in April each year. Councillors Toppin;^ and iiurns were the jjroposers. At this time also an emphatic disajijjroval of the division of the county, as requested by the people of Wardsville, was given. In 1858 very few changes were made in the list of officials. In 185',), James McArthur, Alex. Campbell, Alex. Levie, Konald McTntyre and Andrew Elliott were councillors, with Colin McKenzie clerk. In 1860 the original township was divided into Williams East and Williams West, as related in the sketch of the former township. The reeves and deputy-reeves of West Williams, from the date of its organization to 1887, are named in the general chapter on the tran.sactions of the County Council. The Council in 1878 comprised Messrs. George II. Fair, Stewavl, John Barrett, Samuel Peck, and Andrew Elliott. In 1879, Mr. Fair was re-elected, with Angus McLachlan, Augustine and John McDonald, new members. The three last named were re-elected for 1881 ; while for 1882, John McDonald, Henry Mosure and John Patterson were chosen ; for 1883, John James, John li. Smith and Wni. Pedlar were elected. The councillors for 1884 were John G. James, Wm. Pedlar and Wm. Hill, while the first and last named, with Donald Morrison, were elected for 1885. Andrew Cutler, Hugh Watson and Donald Morrison were councilmen in 188(1 ; James Chmess, A. Cutler and Wra. Pedlar for 1887, and were re-elected in 1888. VVest Williams dates its settlement to 1850, when Henry Saul began farming on Con. 21 ; L. (,". and Ronald Mclntyre located their farms on the banks of the Aux Saubles ; and Lewis Mott, and Henry James entered their lands. In 1851, the Niblock Brothers — John, Thomas, and Robert, arrived, and the Elliott Brothers purchased the heavy timbered tract near what is now Parkhill. In 1852, Robert Burns and Sanford Eastman built a mill among the pines on the sandy tract, where Sylvan now stands. The early roads were opened by the Canada Land Company. Thomas Elliott, one of the first settlers of West Williams, served against the Patriots in 1837-8. Among the old .settlers of the county, who were residents of West Williams in 1880, were:— David Brock, 1838; John Elliott, 1820; Duncan Fletcher, 1843 ; Henry James, 1832 ; Andrew McAdam, 1843 ; A. R. Mcintosh, 1833 ; Duncan McGregor, 1841 ; Wm. McKenzie and Wm. O'Neil, 1837 ; James Pedden, 1846 ; John Riggs and James Saul, 184;') ; Joseph E. Wann, 1844; and Jo.seph Zavitz, 1847. Sylvan and neighborhood claimed sixty inhabit .nts in 1888. Mrs. E. Dawson had charge of the post-office, and was » • ner of the general store ; Eli Randall carried on the saw-mill, and John McLachlan the COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 599 blacksmith shop. The village of 1857 was made up as follows: — Nathan Belliiigton, shoemaker; Wilson lilanchard, farmer; George Brown, farmer; Lewis Brush, laborer; liobert Burns, postmaster, lumber merchant, mill-owner and councillor ; Wm. Channer, land- owner ; John Dawson, engineer; Philip Knight, sawyer ; Robert Mc- Alpine, storekeeper, and sash and door maker ; Reuben Proctor, lumber merchant ; William and Samuel Randall, brickmakers ; John A. Scoon, storekeeper ; Abraham Wismer, land-owner. Wm. Randall, who carried the mail from Adelaide to Delaware in 1836, and from London to Sarnia fifty years ago, and for thirty-one years carried the mail between Sylvan and other oflices in the neigh- borhood, is still a resident of Sylvan. The first Presbyterian Church of West Williams was organized in 1872, with the following-named members : — John Love, sr., John Gal- braith, Hugh Watson, John McLeish, Arch. McLeish, John McCubbin, Donald Munro, John Love, jr., John Johnstone. The elders were John Love, sr., and Hugh Watson. The trustees were Hugh Watson, John Love, jr., and John McCubbin. The church was built in 1855. The subscribers were : — Donald Waters, John Galbraith, John McLeish, Hugh Watson, John McCubbin, Donald Munro, John Love, sr., John Love, jr. The church building cost about $900. The second church here has always been called the " Twenty-first," because it is on the 21st Concession. The congregation was organized in 1874, with the following members : — Donald Fraser, Arch. McLachlan, Donald Mc- Donald, Arch, McLeish, John Galbraith, Mr. Nunday, Angus Galbraith, Hugh Brown, and Peter White. The ciders were Donald Fraser and Arch. McLeish. The trustees were Donald Fraser, Arch. McLeish and Hugh Brown. The church was built in 1872, and cost $900. The subscribers were : — Donald Fraser, Arch. McLeish, Donald McDonald, Mr. Nunday, and Hugh Brown. Rev. John Lees is pastor of both congi'cgations. The Wesleyan class at Centenary, or Sylvan, comprised: — Mrs. Aiinstrong, the Thompsons, Magladerys, Henry and Mary Runish, the Joneses, Woodburns, Maimings and Thomas lirayton, Taylors, Hager- mans, Metcalfes, Reises, Delaneys, Blisses, Fike, Fairless and Arm- strongs. The Primitive Methodist Church, two miles west of Parkhill, was built in 1878 dist Church of Canada, Bornish post-office was established, with John Doyle, postmaster, in Jatniary, 1874. It appears that he had the petition for an office at this point signed, and to him credit is given for its establishment. In 1878, Archibald McLeod, the present postmaster, was appointed. Mr. McLeod also keeps the hotel at this point, both office and hotel being on the East Williams side of the town line. The Sei)arate School of Bornish was established about 1870, but reorganized as a common school. The present school was established The congregation has since been merged in the Metho- 600 HI.STOUY OF THE about 1S7.">. Among the first trustees were : — Donald McDoniild, J. G. Mc^[illall and Archibald Curry ; the f(jriner and John Doyle have each served tlie IJoard nine years. Among others may be named L. t'. Mclntyre and T. Kearns. Father Kirwan visited the settlements of West and East Williams during the decade ending in ISoB. Among the names on his records are those of the McGregors, McPhees, Currys, McLellanils, McCor- micks, McLeods, Neil Mclntyre, the McKinnons, the McMillans, Hugh Morrison, John Maginnis, Angus Koss, Alex. IJ. McDonald, the Monks, Donald McDonald, Hugh Smyth, Donald Steele and brother, Michael and John O'Hanly, the Mclntyres, McKissac, Alex. Morrison, Angus Morrison. Martin (Jilles, the ]\[cInto.sh families, Donald McCor- mick, Donald O'Hanly, the Connoleys, V. Kilgallon, Laughlin Ma- guinness, Murdock McCloud, John Doyle, Bernard Dignan, Thomas Kearns, and later John Doyle, son of one of the pioneers of London district. The church building of St. Columbia, Bornish, was begun in 1801, and the main building completed. During the administration of Father Lamont the spire was constructed and the vestry erected. In 188S the building was reconstructed and painted. In January, 1887, llev. D. A. McRae was apj)ointed the first resident priest. The con- gregation numbers 3.S0 members. West Williams Agricultural Society is an old society, but like other organizations has lost (it is alleged by Mr. Shoults) its old records, if it ever had any. William Elliott was president for a num- ber of years, and the late John Dawson, secretary. He was succeeded liy B. Pile, and he by it. Shoults. In 1886 the society sold the old Fair Grounds for §-400, which sum is estimated in the receipts for that year. The revenue of this society in 1882 was S503.97, and in 1886, including price of grounds and grant, $1,219.25; in 1887, $900; and in 1888, over $l,Oi)0. J. A. Mayberry was chosen president for 1887 ; W. H. Taylor, V. P. ; John Grieves, John Barrett, P. Stewart, Wm. Elliott, S. Tudor, D. G. Smith, David Waters, Dr. Caw and Benjamin Pile, directors; N. Grieves and E. F. Stephenson, auditors. W. H. Taylor is the present president ; 1*. Stewart, V. P. ; and T. L. Kogers, treasurer. The Fair of October 10 and 11, 1888, was attended by over 2,000 persons. The exhibits of heavy draft horses, roots and vegetables were .surpassingly good, while in every other department the display was excellent. Fruit may be said to be the only thing in which there was a defect, but the show of apples was good in quality, though not large. The special prize for best collection, consisting of thirty-seven kinds, was carried off by Mrs. R. Couch, West Williams. The events in the speeding ring were all keenly contested by a number of competitors in each class. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 601 CHAPTEK XXXVII. ' I'ARKHILL. Parkhill is inade up of all kinds of people, boiled down to an enterprising community by the same spirit of progress and enterprise ^vhicb first suggested the building of a tillage at this point iSa e no church towers here with bells which tolled greatgrandfathers to their graves; no long lines of tombs, in which lie Ihe vhtues of ancestors knovyn only by tradition; no gray-haired friars rising up like statues before the memory; „o grim sexton looking into some new- made grave waiting for his inanimate company-nothing of the dead past. Merchants and tradesmen, physicians and priests, are all modern pushing ever onwards, building and rebuilding, always active. Above It, Natures mighty cathedral still stands with its lofty dome of sun moon and stars, but the pillars are not overgrown with centuried moss' It is a modern village with great promise. Non-existent when all around was a wilderness, it has nothing of the age, but claims all the reality and grit of youth. ° ^"® ^ht.^'^'H'T^'i^^'^ ^'Tl'"'' ^oodsof McGillivray extended north, while south ot and around the settlement were the maple, beech and ?nL '"• 'n 1 ' ''^\u''^ '^"^^ ^'^'^' 'P'^' ">^« '^^^^^- «nd shipped to Indmvia QAiebec. The stave gangs (about sixty-one men, or seven gangs) were then gathered round the village. The population in May" 1.S88. was placed by the assessor at IfiVS. "^ ..Jy^'l^? dates its beginnings back to 1860. when a post-office was established one-half mi e south-west of the railroad depot, with James llues or Plewsm charge. In 1860. Donald McClure, later of 1 etrolea. opened the first store at Parkhill. Donald McKinnon estab- lished his hotel near the present Powell House, and in 1863, Simon li'J^Sfia f r^^^i McKmnon's house and made an addition thereto. In 1864, John Noble, who was postmaster then, established a larae store there his being the fifth house in the village. Jc m Gibbs fol lowed in the mercantile business, and in 1865-6 the Harrison & Har- nson brick flounng-mills were built on a bonus of $1,078 by the of cStruction' ' '''^' "' '"' '''" "^'"''^ '"'''^'"^^ ^^'« '^ '^^^^ In 1860 the first frame residence was built for W. Hastings, just f^^'l "^^^.^ P^«f^°t Ha^tings-where the hotel and stables were built Zl rt « ^1 hotel was opened by Samuel Tudor, October 15, that year The first brick business building was erected prior to 1867 on SS" ^L^^f ^'■"g-«^«''« ^*« the first brick north of the ^il- road about 1869 by the present owner. James Taylor's building now occupied by Mathewson and Stephenson, followed the block erected by ■ (;oi HISTOKT OF THE Boyce and Ecclos, ]iart of which is now tho Royal Hotel. The Dixon brick block, which stood on the site of John Noble's buildings, was erected after the Fletcher frame was destroyed, and his present brick store erected. John McNeil and John Han-ison also erected brick buildings south of the track. The Ontario Hall, built by Jack Whitmore late in the sixties, was used for public meetings, etc., etc. ; then moved from Ann street to King street, where it was destroyed by fire. Daniel Eccles, born in Lambton County in 1841, moved to I'arkhill in 1.S71 ; built two store- houses, which were destroyed in 1872, and in 1873 erected the Eccles block. Nathaniel Jackson, son of William Jackson, a U. E. Loy.alist, moved from a point north of Kingston, his original location in Canada, to Lot 21, Centre rofid. West Williams, in LS,')!. At this time Wil- liam and his son had to chop a road for two miles through heavy timber to reach their new home. Large game, such as deer was ])lenti- ful, and offered substantial food to the pioneer fixmilies. In 1872 the fother died, and a few years later Nathaniel moved to Parkhill, where, in 1878, he completed one of the first large brick buildings ever erected there, known as the Victoria block, where R. C. Thompson's building now stands. The Dickson block was completed in Jaimary, 1886, on the site of the building erected in 1883, which was destroyed in the fire of September, 1885. When William Clark came to Parkhill in July, 1865, Dr. (^aw's small frame dwelling held the place where his present residence now stands ; John Harrison's fiame, now in rear of his present residence, on Mill street ; J. M, Gibbs had his dwelling and store where the tank stands; W. Hastings's house, in rear of the present hotel; a laigo frame store building, erected by Robert Phippin, on the site of Nicho- las Phipjiin's present store, still stands in rear of store ; John Harri- son's mill building, just west of the market house, and Wm. Elliott's house on brickyard were the only buildings north of the railroad. South of the track, on the east side of Main street, where now is Mc- Leod's store, was Nelson Smith's shoemaker's shop and dwelling, a log-building ; Alexander Raymond's blacksmith-shop and dwelling, a frame building, was opposite. The spinster, Jane Niblock, owned a log-house where the Tudor Hotel now stands. On King street, John Noble's two and one half story frame building, near where is now the post-office. They were burned about fourteen yeiirs ago. Butcher, the liarness-nuiker, had a one-story frame building, while Henry Streeter's tannery and dwelling stood close by. Dr. M. Taggart's new building was erected on the site about six years ago, now Mason's car- penter's shop. West of the tannery was Simon McLeod's store, then kept by Archibald & Backus. The old Catholic Church was completed some time before, south of the Powell House, on Charles McKinnon's, land. On one corner of Westwood and King streets was Colavin's general store, and on the other John Scoon's one-story building, used as a drug-store and dwelling, stood, while west of that was James COUNTV OF MIDULKSFA'. 60:{ Ross's shoemaker's-shop and dwellin<», now rented by Wm. Atniore, while east of Ross's was Douglass's blacksmith-sbop and Scott's wag- gon-shop. Simon McLeod's hotel stood where the Powell House is, and C. ^IcKinnon's store was close by, while westward was Charles Megg's hotel, both frame buildings, and both destroyed by fire about 1873. James Parkyn's grain warehouse, a frame building, stood opposite the Powell House. It Wixs built in 1859, but not used until the rail- road was opened. The depot at that time stood about ten rods west of the present depot building. Both buildings were burned in 1881 or 1882. The pioneer saw-mill of Parkhill was established on the south side of Mill street l)y Robert Phippen, James Taylor and Robert Porte in liS()8, giving emi)loyment to fifteen men. Tiiis building was de- stroyed by fire in May, 18(i!l, but rebuilt at once by II. Piiijipen and J. Taylor, and opened in August, 1860. Mr. Taylor sold his interests to N. Phippen that year, and he with his brother carried on this mill, with the sash and door factory, until 1874, when N. Phippen came from Brooklin, Out., and the manufacture of furniture became a specialty, in connection with lumber yards, mill, etc., giving employ- ment to from thirty to fifty men up to 1880, when the collapse of the Exchange Bank carried down this industry. The Harrison grist mill was erected in 18Ij4, near the present town hall. In 18G9 he rented the concern to Stei)hen Lake, wlio was operating it when the fire of November, 1877, destroyed the buildings and machinery. Wm. Clarke was engineer of this pioneer industry up to within a few months of the fire. The Harrison stave-factory was established about twenty years ago. This industry gives employ- ment to si.\ hands the year round. In 1880, Mr. Harrison re-estab- hshed his present flouring-mills. James Mclnnes's grist-mill, a four-story brick building, erected in 187(i-7, was destroyed by fire in May, 1870, the pro}metor losing all, as the insurance (about S9,000) ptissed iuto the hands of the persons who supplied the machinery and the five-run of stones. Wm. Clarke was engineer of this mill for the three years it was in operation. Hugh C. Baird's foundry was established in 1879. This present great industry, in which Oliver Baird is a partner, has made steady ])rogress, ])articularly since the purchase of the Michigan patent for the tile and brick machine. William liaird, who settled here in May, 18(i5, and built a shop for the manufacture of pumps that year next north of Dr. Cain's house, adjoining the present R. Porte's store, has carried on tiie business down to the present time. In 18(37 he sold the building to Abram Mathers, who used it as a blacksmith-shop. It was ultimately made part of a new building, which was burned down about 1874. He built his second pump factory twenty-two years ago on Lot 13, Main street, which he u.sed up to 1880, when his present factory was erected on the same lot, the old building being moved to a lot adjoining. 604 HISTORY OF THE John R. Hockey's waggon-shop was erected twenty-two years ago, in wliich lie has conducted his extensive waggon and blacksmith-shop down to the ]iresont time. The Parkhill woollen-mills were built by John Harrison in 1 870, for carding-mill purposes. Thos. Dickersoa j)urchased the building and machinery from Harrison, and operated it until liS77-iS, when William Jackson beciime lessee, and, in 1879, John Griffith leased the mill for one year, and then purchased and remodelled the building, and introduced woollen machinery. The industry gives employment to seven hands. In August, 1886, John Harrison began the work of constiucting the stone flouring-mills into roller-mills, and in November of that year had his ))lans of improvement so far advanced as to give his mills a capacity of 1(1,000 Inishels. The council agreed to grant Mr. Harri- son ten years' exemption from taxes, the improvements named being the only condition. The old mill, which stood where the City Hall now stands, was destroyed by fire. The new mills are in a number of tenement houses which he built on Mill street, but converted into the present mills. The Parkhill flax-mill was established by Shantz Bros, in 1876. In 1885-(; the old \V. Elliot brick-yard, established in 1862, on David lieeser's farm, was revived after some years of idleness. Wil- liam Elliot, the owner, introduced at this time the Kell's brick and tile machine. In 1885, Erastus Miller began the manufacture of brick on his farm, while the yard on the Hasting'- |)roperty was worked at the rate of 12,000 brick per day, by the Mi\--.srs. Jkst. It was estab- lished seventeen years ago by William Hastings. T. A. Mayberry rented the Ha.stings brick-yard from 1874 to 187'.). He was followed by James Fullertoii, Akin & Mitchell, and Tedder & Mitchell, who preceded the present lessees. Thomas East, jr., is now operating the yards. William Shoults's grain warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1887. This building was moved to Mill street and a large addition made. William Carter's grain warehouse, piu'chased by John Jarvis about 1877, was moved from south of the railroad to Mill street. Banks. — Henry Mann's private bank was the first financial house with oilice, where is now Massey's implement shop. The Kittrldge private bank was carried on until he sold his business to Heiny Allan, who, it is alleged, did not succeed in doing any business. The Exchange Bank was established here, and in 187.") the large building was erected at a co!3t of SI 3,000. In the fall of 1882 the bank went into li(iuidation, when its interests here were sold to the Parkhill Bank- ing Company, represented by T. L. & R. A. Rogers. The business circle of Parkhill in 1878 : — Henry Allan, a settler of 1863, lumberman ; Wm. Atmore, 18."i4, livery and fixrm ; Thomas Burns, 1851, convevancer; A. Bruce, 1855, waggon-maker; Charles R. Bell, 1836, blacksmith; Dr. W. Caw, 1864; D. B. Campbell, 1843, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 605 marble- works ; A. D. Ciiniiibell, 1870, prfiprictor Hastings Hotel ; Win. Dickson, 18()9, A. D. Enticknap, I HOI, John Gibbs, 18(i2. and Anj,'us Macaulay, 1(S72, <,'cneml inerchatits ; John Darragli, 185(), teacher; W.W.Rutherford, principal of lU'^h School, 1874; J. H. Dalinage, 1844, Royal Hotel; Thomas Dignan, l(S3;i, Van Wick House; D. Eccles, 1871, druggist, and Dominion telegrai)h agent; John Engli.sh, 18()(), tinsmith; Sandford Tudor's hotel. 1861; Wm. Fletcher, 1868, baker; James Fullorton, 1874, brick maker ; John Grandy, 1875, insurance ; Wallace Iraham 1870, editor of Gazette ; Kenneth Goodman, 1872, bamater ; B. F. Holmes, 1874, veterinary surgeon; J. McNeil, barber; H. H. Kittredge. 1873, banker; E. J. Phippen, 1806, photographer; A. A. McDonald, 1863, merchant and lumberman ; Dr. R. S. McAlpine, 1867 ; R. & J. McDonald, 187:'., carriage-makers; Wm. Munro, 186t), Wm. McDonald, 1868, and N.J. Mclntyre, 1871, general grocers; Adam Pa.xman, 1848, auctioneer ; J. W. Marsden, 1844, pork-packer; E. Manes, 18(i8, agricultural im- plement manufacturer ; Thomas Magliidery, 1869, agent for agricul- tural im])loments ; Wm. Newconibe, 1872, hardware ; John Slioults, 1851, and John Parsons, 1874, provisions; Robert Phippen, 1864, and Nicliolas Phippen, 1873, manufacturers ; Wm. Ro.ss, 1874, and W. Shoults, 1851, millers; James H. Robinson, 1856, watchmaker; Alex. Smith, 1867, architect ; J. E. Soady, 1865, boot and shoe maker; Wm. Wallace, 1866, builder; John Robertson, 1870, carpenter; Henry Mann, 1844, livery; John Monison, 1875, harness; and John Noble, 1861, postmaster. Organization. — The petition from the inhabitants of Parkhill. asking for incorporation, was presented June 7, 1871, Mr, Noble repre- senting the petitioners. He and S. Lake were appointed to take the census. In 1872, Parkhill changed its relations to West Williams by becoming an incorporated village. Simon McLeod was elected first reeve, with Messrs. T. A. Mayberry, Wm. Dickson, Stephen Lake and W. Shoults, councilmen. In 1873, T. A. Mayberry, D. L. Cruikshanks, Joseph Siddall and Stephen Lake, councillors, with Reeve Shoults. The records of the town from 1871 to March 31, 1882, were des- troyed in the fire of April 1, 1882, .so that the written history of the old village begins April 10, 1882. The councilmen present on that date were, the reeve (K. Goodman), Messrs. Harrison, McKenzie, Thomp- son and Fletcher. T. A. Maylserry was reapjiointed clerk ; William Dickson, assessor and collector ; John Noble, treasurer ; Thos Boubier. pound-keeper; B. Vanalstine, bell-ringer; Drs. Caw and McAlpine, with John Harrison, members of the lioard of Health. All were reappointments. Later, John Hodgins was appointed iiound-keeper. In July, Councillor Thompson was present. The Council of 1883 comprised Reeve Goodman, with Wm. Fletcher, James Gray, Dr. R. S. McAlpine and Adam Paxman. Robert Burns was appointed assessor ; Wm. Boyer, treasurer, and Wm. Wells, police magistrate. In Septem- ber, 1883, street lamps were ordered to be erected. In 1884, W. M. 606 HIBTOltY OF TIIK Thompson, J, Harrison, J. ('Innc^ss iiiitl 1). N. McLcod werti oluctod members. In LSSo Kichiinl Shoiilts inesided, with John Harrison, ,Iohn Chmess, Robert Wliite and 1). N. MoLeod, coiineillors. A. A. Mncilonakl and J. L. I{oj,'ers were appointed auditors for tbo y(!ar, and Dr. McAlpine trustee of high school. In l)eceinl)er, 18(Sri, the same council was elected by acclamation for hSiSG. In. January the (puistion of raising the village to the rank of town was considered on motion of Messrs. VVhite and McLeod, and a i)etition drafted for presentation to the Legislature. Messrs. K. Goodman, J. Noble and II. White were appointed delegates to urge the jiassage of the bill. The first election for mayor, reeve and councillors of I'arkhill, under the legislative act, elevating the village to the rank of a town, was held Jan. ;i, 1880. "\V. H. Hutchins received 252, and 1). L. Stone- house 52 votes for mayor; R. White received 162, and D. McKenzie 134 votes for reeve. In Ward 1, John Cluness received 02 votes, and W. Fletcher 47 ; S. McLeod 4G, and N. McPhee 45. In Ward 2, W. Dickson received 72 votes, A. Miller 54, and F. Fussel 51 ; but Messrs. Baird and Urifhth were declared elected on the day of nomina- tion. The council of 1887 comprised W. H. Hutchins, mayor ; Robt. White, reeve ; John Cluness and Wm. Fletcher, Wm. liaird and .John Griffith, Wm. Dickson and A. M. Miller. In 1888, John M. Gibbs was mayor ; Robert White, reeve ; Wm. Fletcher, John Griftith and Wm. Dickson, councillors. In 1879 or 1880, Mr. Mayberry was appointed clerk, and has served up to the i)resent time. The salt well was put down by a joint stock company in the fall of 1884, at an expense of $2,500. The salt-works by-law was submit- ted to the people November 23, 1887, and was carried, the vote being 107 for and 32 against. This by-law provided for a bonus of $3,000 to any person or persons who would successfully develop the salt deposit. In July, 1887, a meeting of the residents of I'arkhill, presided over by John Hanison, petitioned the Council to submit to the people the question of authorizing the expenditure of $15,000 on water- works. On July 27, Councillors Fletcher and Clune-ss proposed that a by-law be drafted. The water-works by-law was submitted to the peo])le of Parkhill, May 17, 1888, when it was negatived by a vote of 77 to 50. A determined etiort was made to procure a good supply of good water by men who had the interest of the town at heart. Schools. — The records of the School Board, at present in possession of Mr. Dickson, date back to September 11, 1885. At that time Messrs. Mayberry, Hastings, McLeod, McAlpine, Caw, Shoults, Bis- hop, Gibbs, Dickson, Rogers and Griffith were the trustees. The secretary, Mr. Dickson, reported the loss of records in the fire of Sep- tember 3, 1885. In October, John Darrach was em;)loyed as assistant in high school and A. B. Gibbert as principal of common schools, and Miss Cluness, assistant, but in 1880 she was promoted to Miss Catley's class and her place was taken by Miss B. Shoults. In November, COUNTY OF MlIlDLK.SKX. ()07 1885, Mr. I'lirkinson was ap|ioiiiti!(l to succeed Mr. Damvoli. Ainoiif^ other teachers luuned at tliis time wmv.: — Misses Miilveiiy, Mu},'ladery and Taylor. In December, 1) N. Mcf^cod was aj)|)()inted trustee, vice ])ickson. Messrs. Hishop and (Iritlith were elected trustei's to fdl vacancies, while the names of Edward Manes, Thompson, Phelan and J. IJradt appear as trustees. In July, l.SfsO, Mr. Mays succeeded Parkinson as assistiiit in hij^h school, and in August, Mr. liogers was enii>loyed as third teacher. In December, lS8(i, Miss Summers was engaged as teaduir, vice Miss McLeod ; and Miss Graham was also employed. At this time nomi- nations for the new School Hoard were made, when Robert Porte and A. W. Humphries, Simon McLeod and T. A. Maybcrry, J. Simpson and John Shoults, were elected by acclamation for the public schools ; while William Hastings and T. L. Kogors were apjKtiuted high school trustees. T. A. Mayl)eiTy, Dr. McAlpine, W. M. Thompson, Phelan, Rogers, Simpson, and Dr. Caw, holding over. Wm. Dickson was ap})ointed .secretary of the new Board. In April, 18(S7, S. McLeod, R. Porte and R. S. McAlpine were appointeil a committee to report on the subject of a high school build- ing and site. In November, 18S7, Head-master Bigg, with Messrs. May and liogers, were re-engaged as teachers ; w!\il(j Mr. Clilbert and the other teachers of the public schools were re-employed. In Decem- ber, 1887, Thomas Watson replaced A. W. Humjjhries on the School Board, and about this time the names of R. Shoults, W. H. Ilutchins, and Mr. O'Brien, appear. In January, 1SH7, John Lockead, a twelve-year-old pupil of the Parkhill ])ublic school, won the gold medal oll'ered in Inspector Carson's district, leading 261 other candidates. In the treasurer's record of 1875, it appears that $2,500 were borrowed October ■'!, 1870, payable in ten years, and in 187o, an equal amount from D. Mcintosh, also payable in ten years. In 1870 the first brick school-house was erected, and in 1872 the high school was opened, while additions to the first building were made in 187o. In January, 1875, the names of John Darrach, W, Newcomb, W. W. Rutherford, Misses Armstrong, Grant, and Baker, appear as teachers. In 1875-7, T. B. Woodhull, John Tanner, Miss Baker, L. Wal.sh, Miss Porte, T. O. Allen, Miss Murray, Miss Zapfe, and Thomas Murray. In 1878, E. M. Bigg's name ap})ears with those of T. 0. Allen, D. E. Eccles, Miss Edwards, Miss Stewart, Miss Porte, Miss Murray, W. W. Rutherford, Miss Niblock, H. D. Johnson, Miss Burns, .and John Darrach. In 1870, McKay's name appea's, also that of Wm. Tait, Miss Sutton. In 1880-1, Mi.ss Jones, Miss Blair and Miss Taylor, were among the teachers. In 1881-2, Miss Johnson, W. S. McBrayne, Miss Baxter and Miss Mc- Arthur. In 1871 the south wing of the present school buildings was com- pleted. In 1872 the high school was established here, and opened October 4 by D. A. McMichael, who presided over twenty-two pupils. «os HISTOKY OF THE 1^'gg. In 1873 the noitliern jiart of the buildings was erected. I^ter, the lUiptist school-room was rented, anil th(ire, north of the railroad, served as a ward school-honse. In 1(S84 the old buildinj,' known as St. Andrew's Church was piu'chased for school purposes, a; id contemporary with this progress w.'vs the estiiblishment of the Catholic Separate School system, and the erection of new school buildings. In 1(S74 W. W. Uutherford succeeded Mr. McMichael, and, in 1878, E. M M. A., was appointed head master, and still holds the position. Among the leading teachers the following names may be given: — John Darrach, Misses Ivlwards, Taylor, McLeod, Spencer, Baxter, and Mr. McHrayne ; in 1883-4, Misses Spencer, Aitken, Hamilton and Magladery. The Separate School records date back to 1878, and Jos. McEachran, Neil ^Iclntyre (who was then secretary) and J). McNeil appear as trustees. Mis.s Glenn presided over the school. In 1879 the names of John McDonald, Thos. llyan and James Coloviu appear as trustees. In .January, ]Mr. Marshall was elected, vice D. McNeil, retired, and John McNeil, vice Thomas Kyan ; and the new trustees, with Charles Mallon and other members of 1878, formed the new board. In 1880 the names of C. Gleeson, II. Leonard, M. J. Mclntyre, J. McEachin, C Colovin and .1. McDonald formed the board. Thomas T. McGuigan was employed as teacher for 188(1, and J.J. Madden for 1881. A. McLeod was elected a trustee for the latter year, with Thomas Stanley. Miss Amelia McGeorgy was employed as teacher for 1882. In 1885, the name of John McAulilVe appears as trustee; also that of C. P. McKenna, Hugh Leonard and Thomas Ryan; Rev. Donald McCrae being president of the board. In 1886, Mrs. Gough "Was teacher, but was succeeded the same year by Miss Lottie Eckhart, who, in 1887, was succeeded by Miss Lavin, and she. in January, 1888, by Miss Tillie Dean. The new separate school-house was opened January 1, 1886. On this occasion a house and lot were drawn for, which were won by Angus Wilson. Fires. — In May, 1870, a fire department was orgaiilied, James Winn being the active canvasser for vijlunteers. The fire of October 28, 1878, destroyed Simeon McLcod's building in North Main street. During the destruction of George Manning's furniture store January 16, 1880, William Grieves, a farmer, of McGillivray, who was present aiding in saving property, was burned to death. The fire of February 2, 1885, originated in the collar of Rishop's hardware store, in the Victoria Block, and resulted in the destruction of the building, the loss, exclusive of insurance, being estimated at SI 0,000. The fire of -January 9, 1886, originated in the room occupied by James I'orteus, in the Levitt building. This block was completed in 1885, and would have been then destroyed hail it not been for the timely alarm of Mrs. Bannerman and the successful ellbrts of Mes.srs. Levitt, Eyiiouf, John llodgins, Archibald Kay and others who rushed to the scene and extinguished the fire. in tie I'S. ed CJUNTV OF MIDDLESEX. 609 Tlie fire of November 22-3, 1887, originated in Wm. Shoebottom's store, spread to Munro JJros.' store on the north, Pahner's jewelry store on the south and thence to Garden's large block on the east. In this fire J. Scoon, druggist, lost $1,500, and Munro Bros., $5,000, each fully covered by insurance; the destruction of the Levitt building and household goods entailed a loss of $.i,5()0, but were insured for $2,250 ; W. S. Shoebottom's grocery stock, valued for $2,000, was insured for $1.000 ; T. 11. Palmer lost $500 ; W. H. Hutchius's build- ing, value $3,100, was insured for $2,200; Alexander Garden's stock and building were valued at $13,000, but insured for $7,000. The Gazette office, owned by James VV. Green, was entirely destroyed, the^net loss being $1,000, but the loss of the files of the paper, from 1871 to that date, is incalculable. Button's block, Mclnnes's feed- store, Andrews & Appleton's barber shop, the billiard hall, the Misses Skinner's millineiy and Phippen's photograph gallery were damaged, while ^lagladery's building was torn down. Accidents. — Duncan Galbraith, of the 9th Concession of Williams, was killed by a frilling tree in December, 1859. Ronald McDonald was burned to death near Parkhill, Oct. 26, 1869. The house from which he was about to be evicted was also burned. In August, 1878, a son of Martin Fogarty, of Parkhill, was burned to death by coal oil. The widow IMeggs and Miss Long were killed on the track at Parkhill in 1879. Hector McLeish, brother of Angus McLeish, of West Wil- liams, was killed at Wolseley, N. W. T., May 31, 1887. Churches. — The first church building was erected during the Amer- ican war by Charles McKinnon, for the use of the parish. It now stands behind the Powell House. It was subsequently u.sed as a separate school, until won at a bazaar by Angus Wilson, The Methodists erected a frame building on the site of their present house; the Presbyterians followed very soon after ; then the Baptists, and next the Episcopal Methodists. The latter building was sold after the union to John Hockey, who used it as a carriage repository. The Catholic Parish of Parkhill previous to 1872 comprised the Catholics of the Village of Parkhill, East and West Williams, and part of McGillivray, and was attended from Strathroy. On January 21, 1872, Rev. James Lamont was appointed the first resident pastor of Parkhill and Williams. In December, 1874, Father Lamont, on account of advanced years and declining health, was obliged to resign, and Rev. P. Corcoran, who was acting pastor of St. Mary's Catholic ( "hurch, London, Ont., was appointed to succeed the venerable Father Lamont in the Parish of Parkhill and Williams. When Rev. P. Cor- coran arrived, he found the large frame church, on the 12th Concession of Williams, heavily encumbered with debt, which has since been paid off'. The Catholics of Parkhill had no church worthy of the name. They attended Mass in a small frame structure near the Grand Trunk station. Father Corcoran seeing the absolute necessity of providing better church accommodation for his people, and more commensurate 610 HISTORY OF THE with their means, in the spring of 1875 commenced the erection of a handsome brick cluirch on the lot donated by the late Charles McKin- non, on Aim street, in the Villajre (now town) of Parkhill. On Nov. 7, Jb75, the new Catholic Church was solemnly dedicated by Right Rev. .)ohn Walsh, D. D., to the service of Almighty God and the salvation of soids. Since then a handsome brick parsonage and a brick separate school have been built upon the same site. The total cost of buildings was $10,000 — all paid. Rev. V. Corcoran has been pastor since 1874. The members of the Wesleyau Church of Parkhill in 1865 were Robert, Emma and Henry rhip]ien, Henry BaiTon, the Woodburns, Lambs, Englands, Crutherses, Snowdens, Charles Smith, R. F. Kenney, Eobt. Porte, Huttons, Hords, and, in 1867, the Wilsons and Shoultses. In February, 186G, the society completed its first building. Ailsa Craig and I'arkhill Circuit dates back to 18()7, when Hall Christopher- son and James S. Ross presided over a society of 210 members. In 186'J, Parkhill was established as a circuit, and Ailsa Craig attached to Lucan; but in 1871 it was re-established, with John Smiley, pastor. In 1872-3, Richard W. Williams presided. Parkhill Circuit, formerly a part of Ailsa Craig, was set off in 1868, wlien William Galbraith was appointed minister. John Piui- wash presided in 18(19 ; John Scanlon, in 1870-1 ; ,James Whiting and Joseph Guest, in 1872 ; Wm. Ames and W. J. Maxwell, in 1873. The membership increased from 122 in 1869 to 200 in 1873. The ]\Iethodist Church of Canada at Parkhill succeeded the Wes- leyau Society in 1874, during the pastorate of Wm. Ames. Wm. J. Maxwell assisted him that year, and John McLean the following year. In 1876-8, James H. McCartney was minister, with T. R. Earle, assistant. In 1879-81, AV. C. Watson had charge of the circuit ; in 1882-3, R. C. Millyard; in 1884, Wm. Bryers. In August, 1886, the Methodists resolved to build a lai'ge brick house of worshij). In February, 1887, the contract for mason work on the building was sold to Dan. McDonald, and for carpenter and paint work to Gibson, of Luc^n. The corner-stone was placed May 24, 1SS7. The religious services were conducted by Dr. Ryckmau, assisted by the pastor, Mr. Harris. The building was dedicated Jan. 1, 1888, the total cost being $10,000, including the moving of the parsonage, all of which was paid, excei)t .■?4,00(), on day of dedication. The Baptist Church may be said to date back to the wintei' of 1867-8, when Rev. Mr. Turner, of the McGillivray church, visited the village. In 1868-9, Mr. Mclvee held services in Keyser's Hall. In 1870 the pulpit was filled by Mr, M, P. Campbell, a student from Woodstock ; but, in December of that year. Rev, Mr. Martell came, and on March 2, 1871, organized a society here, with the following members: — J. B. Miller, Charles A. and Robert Wade, 1). Pugli, T. Matthews, Wm. Dickson, Mary and Alice M. Wade, Eliza M. Burns and daughter, Mr. Belingtou, Mrs. T. Mott, Madaines Raymond, ]\Ic- COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 611 Intosh, B. Miller, Ellen Martell, and Miss M.ary Sonthworth and Anne Martell. On the same date, John Matthews, Madatnes (.'ruikshank, Pui^h, Mann, Barclay, and Mr. Dunaphy asked admission to the society. Wm. Dickson was appointed clerk, a position he still holds, and J. B. Miller, treasurer. Mr. Martell was called as first pastor. The building committee then appointed comprised Dr. K. S. McAlpine, John Scott, Charles A. Wade, J. 1?. Miller and Wm. Dickson. On March 7 a council of recognition was held, when Dr. Cooper, of the London church, Rev. A. A. Cameron, of Strathroy, and Mr. Turner, of McGillivray, were present. In 187-, Eev. S. Jackson filled the pulpit for a short time. In October, J. G, Calder was called, and served this (iliurch until October, 1874. In February, 1875, T. S. JoIulsou was inducted pastor, but from the November following to August, 1870, Rev. John E. Trotter was supply, succeeded by H. F. Orittin, who remained till October, 1876. At that time Mr. Lyman came, and in A])ril, 1877, he was succeeded by Rev. C. Y. Snell, who presided until April, 187'.'. In May following, Rev. W. G. Rogers came, and remained until November, 1881, when Rev. S. G. Anderson took charge. In February, 1884, Mr. Hatdcinson succeeded in charge of this and McGillivray church. In July, 1885, W. J. Waddell preached here. About a year later Mr. Waddell left " for parts unknown," and in June, 1886, Rev. R. Fountain became pastor, and remained until February, 1888. The present number of members is about fifty. The church building was erected at once on Lot 2, south side of Broadway, which was dedicated in -January, 1872. The cost of this building and lot was .S2,()00. Parkhill is mentioned in the records of 1877, and J. Johnson named as Catechist of St. James's. It was attended by Rev. J. Holmes, of Ailsa Craig, In 186!) it formed ])a.vt of McCxillivray mission, of which Rev. W. Davis was piistor; in 1878, Rev. W. Johnson; in 1883, Rev. H. A. Thomas ; and in 1885, Rev. J. H. Fairlie. Rev. H. A. Thomas, of Parkhill, attended Grace Church and 16th Concession Church, McGillivray, and for part of the time to Hyde Park in 1883. The members of the Carlisle and Siddalsville congregation in 1860-1 were : — The Waughs; Griffiths, Sykes, Rudds, Woslcotts, Dr. Mc- Candless, Siddalls, Hopkinses, Browns, Harpers, Moores, O'Neils, Glash- ans, Jamiesons and Haskets. In 1861-2, Rev. E. Sullivan was rector of this and St. George's, succeeded by Mr. Caulfield, and in 1866 by Mr. Walker. In 1867, Rev. W. Davis had charge. St. Paul's Presbyterian congregation of Parkhill was originally called Knox's Church. In 1870, Rev. James Pritchard was pastor, with Neil Stewart and (Jharles Munro, elders. Among the early mem- bers were : — Donald McKenzie, Dr. Wm. Caw, Donald McLeod, John Houston, George Christie, Wm. Begg, Andrew and Wm. Elliott, John Patton, James Plues, John Thoinj>son, Donald Peterkin, Alex. RonaId.s, James Ross, John Noble, T. A. Mayberry, J. M. Gibbs, James Wilson, John Cluness, James Forest, Silas Hoover, John, James and Jane 612 HISTORY OF THE Niblock. In May, 1872, Mr. Pritchard was tnmsferred to Wingliam, when Kev. 1). V. Sage took his place in August, ] 873. I'rior to the coming of Mr. Sage, St. Andrew's congregation was formed, and Mr. Aitken called as pastor, and lie presided until the union of liS7o, when St. Andrew's united with Knox, and the building was sold to the School Board. In April, 1878, Mr. Sage returned to Scotland, when Rev. D. I). MacP^achran was called as pastor, and remained until trans- ferred to Dundee in April, 1882. The pulpit was supplied by jiro- bationers until May, liS82, when Kev. J. S. Lochead was called from Londesborough, in the Huron Presbytery. In November, 1873, Andrew Thompson, John M. Gibbs, and Donald McKenzie, were chosen elders. In 1888, T. A. Mayburry and Itobert White, were elected elders — one, vice A. Thompson, deceased, and the other to increase the number. During the existence of St. Andrew's, Andrew Elliott was chosen elder, and holds that rank in the United Church. The present membei'ship is 14G. The Presbyterian Church of Lieury is in charge of the })astor of Parkhill. The membership is fifty. The present brick church building was erected during the administration of Mr. MacEachran. The corner-stone of the Presbyterian Church, Parkhill, was placed May 24, 1888, the cost of the building being estimated at !$7,000, and the total cost about S9,00(), of which the ladies of the congregation have $1,000 for furnishing. The building committee of St. Paul's com- prises, Dr. Caw, J. M, Gibbs, T. A. Mayburry, R. White and John Cluness, with Rev. Mr. Lochead ex-oihcio member. The contractors are Mr. Gibson, of Luciin, for carpentry, and Mr. Ireland, of Parkhill, for stone and brickwork. The architect is the same as planned the Methodist building. Societies — Doric Lodge, No. 233, A. F. & A. M., was chartered July 15, 1870. The past masters are named as follows :— John Daw- son, 1870; G. B. Reeve, 1871 ; W. C. Patterson, 1872 ; G. B. Reeve, 1873; William Caw, 1874 ; E. E. Chipman, 1875; Peter McGregor, 1876 ; William Caw, 1877 ; W. W. Rutherford, 1878 ; Alex. Burns, 1879; W. M. Thompson, 1880; E. N. Bigg, 1881; William Caw, 1882 ; Thomas Magladery, 1883 ; T. L. Rodgers, 1884 ; E. D. Stephen- son, 1885; Dr. William Caw, 1886; D. N. McLeod, 1887. Minerva Chapter, No. 78, formerly called Parkhill Chapter, re- ceived its warrant from the Grand Chapter of Canada, August 8, 1877. The list of first principals is as follows: — William McCaw, 1877 ; G. W^Holwell, 1878; E. E. Chipman, 1879; A. Burns, 1880; W. Thompson, 1881; W. D. Grigg, William McCaw, 1885. Since 1885 although they still retain their charter. Ivy Lodge, No. 20, I. 0. 0. F., was chartered Aug. 10, 1872, with John Dauncey, Wm. Reid, Alex. Bruce, W. 0. Massin and Angus McFie, members. The lodge, however, was organized April 24, 1872, •when the names of D. L. Cruikshanks, D. C. McGregor, R. J. Potter, Qeo. Gamble, Joseph Bell, E. E. Chapman, A. Exticknoss, E. Manes 1882-83; E. M. Bigg, 1884; Dr. meetings have been no held. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 613 and Wm. Baird were admitted to degrees by Grand Master Gibson, of Stratford. In 1872, Jobn Dauncey was N. G., and E. E. Cliapnian, P. S.; 1873, Wm. Heid, N. G., IX ('. McGregor, secretary, and E. E. Chapman, N. G. ; 1874, II. W. Harrison, with I). Eccles, secretary, E, Totter, N. G. ; 1875, S.N. Boughner and John Danncey ; 1871), A. Burns and John McKoberts ; 1877, D. Eccles and W.J. ^McKoborts, and M. Newcombe, secretary ; 1878, Wna. IJeid and S. McLeod ; 187it, S. McLeod and Alex. Ko.ss, with H. S. McAlpine and J. V. Owen, secretaries; 1880, N. A. McKinnon, with W. Fletcher, secretary; 1881-2, N. A. McKinnon and J. P. Owens, N. G., for latter part 'of year. In July, 1883, Mr. McKimjon's place as N. G. was taken by J. P. Owens, with the past-gi'and secretary. In the latter part of 1 88 o, W. Fletcher and Joseph Thomi)son were presiding at various meetings. In December, 1883, Wni. Fletcher was elected N. G., and N. A. McKinnon, R. S., and in July, 1884, John Hamilton was elected .secre- tary. In January, 1885, J. A. Scoon was installed presiding officer, and in July, E. J. Kennisten .signs the records as secretary ; Ijut later, the signature of John Hamilton a])pears, with F. Fussell, N. G. .Fohn Hamilton, jr., was chosen Grand, for 1886, with Wm. Fletcher, 11. .S. ; and in July they were succeeded in the respective offices by W. J. Mclioberts and John Hamilton, jr. In January, 1887, N. A. Mc- Kinnon was re-elected N. G. ; and in July, Hector Matheson succeeded him, who in January, 1888 was succeeded by Wm. Kirpatrick, with W. J. McKoberts, secretary. In July, 1888, J. T. Appleton was installed N. G., and the secretary re- elected. The number of mem- bers in November, 1888 is placed at sixty-nine. The officers of Ivy Lodge, No. 90, I. 0. O. F., installed in July, 1888, are : — J. T. Appleton, D. H. Cameron, W. J. McUoberts, Archi- bald Campbell, Dr. McDonald, W. Kirkpatrick, E. Greenwood, F. Fussell, W. Fletcher, H. :Matheson, T. Haines, E. Jack.son, \V. H. Marks, John Marks, J. Hamilton, li. McLean, D. McKenzie and W. J, Mclioberts. Hebron Encarupment was organized March 2^' 1873, with Kichard J. Potter, H. W. Harrison, II. H. Dyas, D. C. jV. .regor, William C. Noble, Alexander Burns, Wm. lleid, G. B. Peeve, L. G. Cruikshank and John English. The first-named was elected Chief Patriarch and W. C. Noble, scribe. Among the names of presiding officers those occur of: — D. Eccles, A. Burns, W. Stautt'er, E, E. Chapman, W. Keid, N. A. McKinnon, A. Koss, W. J. McKoberts, VV. Fletcher, F. Fussell and John Hamilton. Court Parkhill, No. 156, I. 0. F., was instituted in April, 1885, with W. M. Thompson first Chief Eanger Toward the close of that year the court suspended, but in April, 1887, reorganized, with John Darrach, C. R. ; A. W. Miller, V. C. K. ; J. H. Laughton, F. S.; Mer- ritt Green, R. S. ; H. Bishop, T. ; Thomas Magladery, C. ; Dr. Caw, physician ; T. Mollard, S. W. ; Wm. Ireland, J. W. ; Frank Schram, S. R. ; L. D. Vaualstiue, J. B. ; John Griffith, C. D. In April, 1888, 614 mSTOUY OF THE Mr. DaiTOch was re-elected ; A. M Miller, C. D. ; W. Ireland, V. C. 11 ; B. Tylo, treasurer ; KiiV. J. S. Locliead, C. ; (Jeo. Turner, J. W. ; and D. Cameron, S. W. Otherwise the oflicial list of IHH7 is unchanged. The W. ('. T. U. was organizuil January lT), 18SG, \Mth Mrs. Ross, president ; Madames N. Piiippen, Loudon, Fairlie, and Forbes, vice- presidents ; Mrs. A. W. Humphries, II. S. ; Miss Kate Hamilton, C. S. ; and Mrs. Scoon, treasin-er. There were twenty-five members enrolled. The officers of the A. O. U. W., of Ailsa Craig, for ISSti were:— J. S. McDonald, D. Stevenson, G. A. Mihell, G. S. McDonald, T. Hey, Joseph llosser, 11. Tarker, H. Gunn, J. J. Cassidy, and Dr. J. Gunn. The North Middlesex Agricultural Society was organized in 1868 by W. K. Atkinson and Lionel E. Sliipley ; but later the name was changed to the Northern Fair Association. Tlie North ^Middlesex Bee Keejiers' Association was presided over in 1885-G by Fraidc Atkinson, with D. P. Campbell, vice-president, and A. W. Humphries, secretary. The Revieio is noticed in the general chapter. The ParkUll Gazette referred to in the history of the Strath- roy papers, was established in 1871 by C. H. Mcintosh. Wallace Graham carried on this journal until the spring of 1887, when the office was purchased by J. W. Green. The fire of November 2o, 1S87, destroyed the Hutchin, Leavitt and Garden buildings, and in the ruin all the files of the Gazette disai)])eared, and also William Lyon Mac- kenzie's old press. In 1885, the Gazette office was burned, when he purchased the Hoivick Enterprise from Mr. Green, employed him as editor, and also established his ])a])er at Windsor. Mrs. John H. Fairlie, of rarkhill, won the first prize, $30, oiVered by the Mont'eal Star for the best poem. It was entitled, "Little Sweethearts," The I'arkhill wooden shed and armory was built in 1870, on Lots 3 and 4, Mill street north. In April, 1880, the Salvation Army established headquarters in the Victoria Block, with Captain Veele in charge. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 616 CHAl'Tp:ii XXXVIII. GENEUAL ITEMS. Herbs ami Weeds.— The ginsenj,^ plant, of tlie genus Panax, wa.s discovered m 1716 by one of tlie Je.suit fathers, who recognized the Canadian weed as one of the most valuable plants known to the Chinese. It was valued at two francs per pound at Quebec, while at Canton it brought twenty-five francs. It soon became one of the principal articles of Canadian commerce, and returned to Quebec in one year no less than 500,000 francs. This fact, however, remains that the settlers pulled the crop in May, rather than wait for its ripen- ing in September, and so won for the plant such a bad reputation that the Chmese refused to buy it. Even in 1799, when lilbenezer Wash- !"',p/"*;'^ *" ^'^'^^^^ ^^^'^ '•'•'^'''^ '» Upper Canada through Colonel Bell of rhurlow, the dealers in drugs at London refused to recoanize his enterprise, as 500 pounds of ginseng root was left on the Colonel's hands. In the earlier years of London Village an herb grew alonc^the street now known as Dundas street and the land adjoining on the north It was known as wild tea, and, when properly dried, made a beveraae similar m many respects to that produced by cheap Japan tea. In 1870, waterproof rubber, the product of milkweed otowu in Delaware Township, was presented to the people of London by J O Connor, for whom the Lambs, of Montreal, manufactured the inaterial The rubber was composed of .66(3 of milkweed and 33;! mdia-rubber. Among the imported weeds found here, are the followin<^ well- known and generally troublesome ones from Great Britain, Ireland and France : — The common thistle. The Canada thistle. Burdock. Yellow dock. Wild carrot. Ox eye daisy. Chamomile. The mullein. Elecampane. Nightshade. Buttercup. Dandelion. Wild Mustard. 39 Shepherd's purse. St. John's wort. Chick-weed. Purslane. Mallow. Plantain. Motherwort. Stramonium. Catnip. Gill. lilue-weed. Stick-seed. Hound's tongue. Henbane. Pig-weed. Quitch Grass, Darnel. Poison hemlock. Hop clover. Yarrow. Wild radish. Wild parsnip. Chicory. Live forever. Toad-flax. Sheep-soiTel. 616 HISTORY OF THE The Irisli kept the shamrock, daisy, hirksptir, fu'l(l-pop])y, niaizc- weed, and imported the Er'ujeron Canadcns'iH to ornament their road- sides. They left us the milk-weed, rag-weed or Amhromi, and golden rod, common here, hut uncongenial to the freshening soil and climate of the Emerald Isle. Zoology. — Prior to the last (juarter of the la.st century, tlu; huffahi ceased to iuhahit or visit tliis part of Canada. The Indian hunters had killed or driven off the moose, so that hy the time the ])ioneers of the Thames valley arrived, the bear, wolf, and deer, were the only large animals of the chase to be found ; while, occasionally, a lynx would visit the settlement in search of prey or to escape the capture whi .1 awaited him in the peninsula of Michigan. Benjamin Matthews, better known as Sfjuire Matthews, in his reminiscences published in LSSl, stated that wIkmi he came here in 1822, the country was a "howling wilderness." At that time (1881) he possessed a large iron trap, weighing about twenty-five pounds, in wliich he caught twenty-nine wolves. lie was able even then to set this huge machine by mounting it carefully and forcing down the springs so as to open the jaws. Once set, he touched the springs and instantly there was a clash of jaws, teeth, steel and iron, that rang through the neighborhood. A wolf caught in such a traj) would venture to eat his leg oil' ratlier than remain a prisoner. Sometimes a lynx or wild cat would become its victim, and so thoroughly .savage would the aninuil become, says Mr. Matthews, that could he get a sweep of his paws at a human being he would " rip him right open." The act of March (J, 18;>0, placed the bounty on wolf scalps at twenty shillings. The first payment by London district under this act was made to Charles Wellswaters — £1, July 17; and the second to Justus Wilcox — £.'3, in October. In October, 1865, a bear was hunted in the woods of Westminster. He was discovered by Henry, the toll-gate keeper, and cajitured. In June, 1871, a bear strolled into the yard of David Harris, of Adelaide. Chase was given, ending in his death on Martyn's farm. The animal weighed ninety pounds. George Buttery, of Adelaide, had a gun in 1876 by which he killed 400 deer, while Solomon Dell killed SOU deer up to that time. In 1878 the township of Ekfrid offered a reward for the scixlp of a wUd cat then infesting the county. In February, Darius and Charles Kettlewell and Edward and David Laughton won the prize on Lot G, Concession 5. The animal weighed eighteen pounds, was twenty-four inches high and forty-eight long. In October, 1887, a wild cat located near Middlemiss, but disappeared after committing a few depredations. A loon was killed at Pincombe's mill pond, Strathroy, by E. Good- erham in June, 1873. A fish eagle was killed by Francis Frank at the Strathroy mill- pond in May, 1873. In July, 1884, two rattlesnakes were captured on the Isaac Bart- COUNTY OF MIDDLES KX. *;i7 lett fiinn, in IVfosa. by Messrs. Lnhorty, Coyne iuid StoiiilioU: One Imd four and the other eight rattles. In June, 1877, myriads of caterpillars swarmed on the tracks of the Tort Stanley and Sarnia Ilailroads, so as to jirevent the stickinfj of the wheels to the rails. On the Port Stanley line cars had to b*; left at Glanworth to enable the locomotive to haul lialf the train to London. ^The fishery district, of which Peter McCann was insjtector in 1877, embraced the Thames from London to St. Clair Lake. His report for that year .shows that 33 boats, manned by 1 22 men, were engaged in the fishery trade. The season's catch was 411i barrels of pickerel, 343 of coarse fish, .'}3 of bass, and 9 of jiike— or a total of 797 barrels— a decn.'ase from the catch of 1875 and 1870. Sto')-ms.—'nni dark day of November, 1819, is an unexplained phenomenon. The pioneers and Indians were alarmed, and thousands throughout the country believed the end of the world was at hand. Tlie heavy storm of July, 18(J0, destroyed Wooilhull's brick house near Kil worth, and damaged barns, fences and orchards throughout the county. The storm of December, 1867, destroyed several buildings in the neighborhood of the old barracks. The tornado of June 27, 1809, swept over the townships of Lon- don and Nissouri, carrying away almost everything in its tracks. The storm of June, 1880, destroyed property in East Williams, damaged Taylor's house in W. Nissouri and that of llobert Ayer, of Adelaide. At Nairn, the Presbyterian building, erected a few years before, was struck by lightning and burned; also Griihth Philip's barns, two miles distant. The thunderstorm of August ;'.l, 1881, destroyed $50,000 worth of farm jiroperty in Westminster, London and Lobo Townships. The lightning seemed to search out everything in the path of the storm, burning up what the winds failed to demolish, A. J. Thirlwell. of 11th Concession, Lobo, lost bain, sheds, waggons and grain. David Charlton's barn was destroyed, with grain,' &c,, also John Grey's property. James Morden, of London, had his whole crop, barn, sheds, and a span of horses destroyed, while Charles Hartson was killed. In Westminster, James Milne lost $G,000 ; Wm. P>eattie, near Pond Mills, lost barns, crops, farm machinery and three horses ; Peter Ferguson sustixined similar losses; Kobert Fraser, near Lambeth, lost house, barns and crops; James Mills, of 7th Concession, lost all his out^ buildings. Near Byron, John Raymond, the lime burner, lost property during the destruction of Kobert Summer's barn. Throughout the townsliips named, and in London East, the storm did much damage, while, in Delaware, Leaker's barn and grain were destroyed. The line of the storm track was a pathway of fire. The strange darkness at midday, caused by a yellow haze filling tiie sky, which awakened surprise and alarm on the borders of Lake HIS HISTORY OF THE Huron, and in Boston, IVovidonce, roilland iind other Eastern cities in tlic year of IMSI, is not witliout ]ianillnl in nu!teorolo),'ical history. Everybody has heard of the I )ari< Day of 1780, whieli is sometimes spoken of as IJlaciv Friday. The year 1780 resend)]ed 1881 in ita wonderful jthysical ])henomena. It was a year to thive weather prophets mad, and it imj)ressed its memory indelibly u])on tlie minds of the peojile. Its freaks culminated on May lU, wlien th(^ lij^dit of the sun seemed suddenly to fail, and all of New England, and jHirtions of New York, Pennsylvania and Canada were plunged in mysterious gloom. iJirds and fowls retired to their roosts ; dinner was eatiai by caudle-light. The air seemed of a brassy color, and there way a sul])hur- ous or sooty smell pervading it. On November 17, 1882, the great magnetic storm ragfid hero, but beyond the death recorded in the history of the township, and a little damage to ])roperty in a few localities, it was unattended with serious results. The flood of July 11, 1S.S2, destroyed much property in London West, carrying away one bridge, damaging others, sweeping away a number of hou.ses, and residting in the drowning of a few. The fluoil was not confined to London West, for all along the river the high water created havoc. Bdhi and Snotv. — The record of raiu and snow fall for 1886-7 is as follows ; — Locality. AlUa CraiK London Wilton drove. Obserrer. I Ualn, 1887. I Kain, 1880. iTnche».I)ays.|Im'hes.l)ays. J. Keiinle I BL.V! f3 E. B. Heod Zi.Ut (18 H. Anderson.... I S0.23 61 20 77 41) a«.r>4 71 a? 57 74 Snow, 1887. I Snow, 1888. Inches. nays. Iiicliea.DayH. «1.0 80.7 »7 45 37 B3.0 3U 1»U.5 M S9.0 41 The preci))itation of rain for the six summer months was not quite two-thirds of the usual rainfall, being only 10.10 inches, while in l«cS6 it was 15.83 inches; the average for the five years, 1882-0, was 10.81, and for the six years, 1882-7, 15.71 inches. The driest month of the six was September, and there were four months of the period when the rainfall was )')ss than that of the driest month of the previous year. During each i ith the fall of rain was less than the average for the same month lu the six-months period, atid also smaller than in the corresponding month in 1886. The drouth ap])eared to prevail to the greatest extent in the eastern half of the Province, the centre district being the least favored with min. In the other half of the Province the local showers peculiar to the peninsula formed by the great lakes raised the record to an average of 2. 1 1 inches higlu;r than that of the two districts forming the eastern half. During the mouths of July and August, the period of harvest, there was but little rain, and, as a con- sequence, the crops were saved with .scarcely any damage. Taking the Province as a whole, there was an increase in the pre- cipitation of both rain and snow in the winter months of 1880-7, com- pared with the average of the same period of l8(S2-7, and in each of the districts, except the north-west and north, a like record was made. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 619 Diii'iiif; the last three months the total full of rain and siiow, reckoning an inch of rain as the ('([nivalant of ten inches of snow, was below that of the cornisponding three months of 188(1, but greater than that of the three months of the five-years period, 1882-G. The lowest record of rainfall was in December, Ix'ing ,50 inch, and, strange to say, the second lowest was in March, tlie last month of the season, when oidy .52 inch of rain fell, February was the wettest month, the rainfall being 2.25 inches. The greatest precipitation of snow occurred in January, when 2G.5 inches were marked. This was 2.3 inches more than the averiige of that month in the six years, 1882-7, but less by .H inch than in 188(i. The greatest rainfall by districts was experienced in the west and south- west district, and the least in the north-west and north. The snowfall, however, was greatest in the latter district. In the matter of total precipitation, the south-west district shows the highest figures. Duration of Sunshine. — There were 2,0)14.9 hours of possible sunshine (calculated for the latitude of Toronto) in the six months given above, but the actual sunshine recorded as the mean of the Province was only 1,404.8 hours, or about fiS.T per cent, of the possi- ble. The hours of sun above horizon in April was 406.4 ; in May, 461.1; in June, 465.7; in July, 470.9; in August, 434.5; and in September, 376..'!. In 18S8 the average of sunshine was lower and that of rainfall highitr. At the close of September, snow fell to the depth of from one to nine inches — the snow wave being very irregular in its intensity. This, however, was higher than that of the Province for the previous year by 79.4 hours, and above that of the five years 188;i-7 by 71.8 hours. 'The April record of 1887 was slightly below its average for the five years, but May showed an increase of 53.5 hours over that of the same month in the years 1883-7. June fell below its average for the five years by 8.4 hours, but July and August, which are i)re-eminently the ripening months of the grain crops, were each considerably higher than their average for the same term of years. September's record was 17.7 hours below the average of the same month in the years 1883-7. July led the record for sun- shine with 295.."! hours ; May came next with 272.0 hours, and August was third with 251.2 hours. Sunshine appears to have ]>re- vailed to the greatest extent at Pembroke, where 1,544.1 hours, or I'.Wl'.) more than the average of the Province, were registered for the six months. Toronto came next with 1,468 6 hours, while the lowest record of sunshine was made at Earrie, where only 1,203.7 hours were observed, or 201,1 hours less than the mean of the Province for the six months. Indian Summer. — Robert P -nmers states that Indian summer is named from the fact that in the 1 the Indians would burn the west- ern prairies to make their harvest of game, the smoke and sometimes leaves coming over to Canada, and the settlers called the season Indian summer. t;2() HISTOUY OF TIIK 'I'he },M(>at frosts of JuiU!, isrd), destroyod thu crops. On tho night of till! loth tliii ilieruKiniotcr foil to zuro. A farmer rcsidin",' at Koinoka, on seeing his wheattiokl next niorniii<^, committed suicide. Arclia'olotjy, Etc. — In Septenilier, liS87, Messrs. Jones and Ihirt unearthed thu remains of a {^i«,'antic mastodon in Chatham Township. One tusk measured ninety-two inches long and twenty-three inches round. The large lione (jf the forehtfad was thirty-seven inches long, and nineteen inclies at smallest circumference. Tlusy calculated that the animal was fourteen feet high, could reach his trunk out tliirty-five feet, and weigheil twenty tons. The measurement round the knee was six feet. At various ])laces along the rivers and cre(!ks old settlers found mounds of various sizes and shapes; hut whether natural or artificial, their curiosity never led them to fiuil out. To-day it may be truly said, that not a vestige of the unknown or early Indian occupiers of tho county exists. In 1.S24, after lioliert Summers moved from Nixon's to his new farm on Concession 1, three miles from London, and while engaged in clearing a field, he discovered an ash heajt on a small mound, and out of the ashes grew uj) a red oak, which in 18L*4 was eighteen inches in diameter. Tlu; ashes were four feet deep. In another place, near a si)ring, was a shallow ash heaj), out of which grew a white ash tree. A short sword with an ivory handle was found there in 1850. MiHcellancouK. — On March lH, IS;!3, D. McKenzie, a justice of the peace, united in the bonds of matrimony James and Margaret Campbell, both of Williams, Donald Mcintosh and Duncan Campbell being the witnesses. Mr. McKenzie at that time was one of the ju.stices of the District of London. In 183;), Peter Teeple, a justice of the peace, united in matrimony Hiram I'ickard and Eliza German, and Scott German and Margaret Pickard, all of Ni.ssouri. Squire James Ingersoll solemnized the uuxrriages of Arch. McColl and Nancy McDonald, and of John Cameron and Marian Patterson, of Nissouri, in 1834. Ruth Springer, a widow, of the Towu.ship of Delaware, certified in May, 1837, that she was ])resent at the marriage of Thomas Orchard and Mary Flock, and heard the late Daniel Springer, then a magistrate of the London District, pronounce the couple man and wife, some time in 1820, according to the rites of the Church of England. Commodore Vanderbilt was married to Miss E. Crawford at the Tecumseh House, by llov. W. Briggs, a We.sleyan, August 20, 1869. The following is taken from an early reeoid of the county treasurer, and explains itself; — Early Statistics. — 1826. £ s. d. April 20. To paid sheriff for services to April 1, 182") 75 3 182(i (i',» 9 6 13. Gaoler, one year's services, 1825 40 COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 621 April Oct. 19. Aiail 25. July I'J. £ 3. d. To Gaoler, provi.sioii.sftnd necossarieg, 182") 4 IS 1 " service iiiid juovisious, 1825 19 8 10 " i year's salary and baliuicca l.Qn,. .,„ ., „. " i " " uiid allowances J ^^-^''-"^ " *>* " I'uel and provisions to April, 1821)... 1 " provisions, &c., to April, 1826 10 !) James Graham, for medical attendance 10 Coroner, for holdinii; iiuiuest 15 James Mitchell and .los. llyerson 2 10 " " " G. C, Salmon 2 10 " " " " 2 10 Clerk of the Teaee, service in 1824 78 16 10 Clerk, for obtaining release to tlie gi'ound on which the late court house stood, and ex- ecuted 8 15 Stationery and fuel one year 17 Services on land matters 5 Drawing up collection rolls 40 Crier of court to January, 1 821) 7 5 John Bostwick, surveyor of roads 10 Daniel Hagen, " " 3 A. A. Hapelje, for carrying round collection roll 6 15 John Gillies, overrated assessment 19 7 D. lioss, drafts and interest 74 10 3J P. Steinholf, a witness at assize 10 J. Mitchell, balance of draft 15 17 o Interest on account to November, 182G 8 7 9J Edward CoUard, for picking up old iron in ruins of court house 2 12 6 Thomas Finch, for use of his house to hold the courts 10 E. Malcolm, a witness at sessions 2 10 W. V. Cornish, " " 7 10 Constable Charles Hawley 1 12 8 Silas E. Curtis 115 " James Eakin 118 " Alpheus Burch 117 6 " John M. Park 6 3 6 " Thomas Smith 7 6 " James Taft 6 10 " Samuel Smith 5 13 2 " John Elliott 10 " Arch Olds 2 8 8 " Geo. Sovereen 11 4 " John Haght 2 4 9 !;■! 622 HISTORY OF THE July 1827. April £ s. 19. To Constable Theber Boughner 1 Will. Wood " Duncan Malcolm 1 4 JacobWood 15 " David Procunier l.n Clark & Street, on acct. of loan 172 10 Collectors, on account of absentees : — Oakland 2 2 London 3 12 Malahide 2 15 Lobo 3 10 Bayhaiu ;! 18 Woodhouse 1 14 Mosa..„ 1.") Townsend 1 2 Middleton 11 Windham 1 13 Oxford We.st 1 1 Charlotteville 2 11 Fees to town clerks 30 5 " assessors 71 '.9 Assessor of Harford for 1823 1 6 Town clerk of Nis.souri, 1824 1 " " Lobo, 1823-4 1 14 Collector's fees of Woodhouse for 1825 4 4 " Charlotteville " 5 3 " Walsingham " 1 18 " " Oakland " 1 5 " " Norwich " 4 3 " " Bayham " 3 10 " " Southwold " 4 3 " Malahide " 3 13 " Zorra " 1 4 Stationery for year " 2 Members of Parliament : — JohiiKolph, " 46 10 John Matthews, " 49 10 Duncan McColl, " 4G 10 Francis L. Walsh, " 43 Thomas Horner. " 46 Charles Ingersoll, " 40 1 2. To amount of disbursements on account of the public of the London District from April 1, 1826, to March 31, 1827 1,222 2 d. 8 6 6 10 7 6 n 5f 0| n 7 2 6 3 3 o Of 4 7 11 o 2 o 10 7i COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 623 To this sum was added 4 j)er cent, on disbursements (£48 17s. lOd.), making the aggregate expenditure £1,271 Os. 5|d. The total re- revenue was £1,193 16s. 5fd., thus leaving a balance due the treasurer of £77 3s. ll|d. This revenue was derived from direct tax on culti- vated and wild lands, almost exclusively, as appears from the well- kept records of John Harris, then treasurer of the London District. £ s. d. In 182f,-7 l,25(; If, 11 I'^^-S 3019 1 10 1S29* 2,408 11 18;iO 1^9(54 13 I 1831 4,271 4 10 18'^- 3,240 15 7 1833f 3,834 4 9 18'^4 2,148 3 7 1835 2,913 6 183() 3,237 3 4 18-"7 3962 15 8 1838 3,802 7 2 18'^'' 3,700 1840 3,821 14 7 l'"^-!! 4,142 4 1 1842 2,371 7 2 1843 2,184 3 8 1«44 2,149 18 7 Indebtedness.— In 1853 the amount of debentures issued was $76,000, the discount ranging from 11^ to 13i per cent. In 1864, $57,650, with discount from 12^^ to 14 per cent., exclusive of a deben- ture sold to James Porter, of Surnia, at 6^ per cent. In 1865 the total amount issued was $28,000, at a discount of from 12^ to 14 per cent. In June, 1865, a committee of the Council recommended $64,200 to be raised to pay iiiterest on debentures, and $13,000 under the act to consolidate the debt of Middlesex. In addition to these items, $22,122, for current expenses and new offices, and .S6,400, for schools, were recommended to be raised. The total assured valuation was then $7,087,000. In a report made to the Council in December, 1865, by a com- mittee, of which Thomas Moyle was chairman, an estimate of the amounts required each year, from 1866 to 1872, to jiay debentures, interest, and to create a sinking fund, were ]>resented. This report recommended $80,479.48 to be raised in 1866 ; $68,538 75 in 1867 • $79,042, in 1868 ; $63,472, in 1869 : $63,50,-., in 1870 ; $82,080, in 187 1, and $65,;{56, in 1 872. From the totals given, the sum of $5,000 Wes't?™ DlTric? ^tl'S.^.! \Z\Z U x'im " ''"" """^ '''''''''' -""^ '"" ^"^ ■^■"•»«" ' °^ ">« +Of tills sum £1,030 108. 9J4d. were advanced by the treasurer. fill I' 624 HISTORY OF THE annually should be deducted to represent the revenue from toll roads. The estimate for 1.S71 assumed that of the SG0,119 in debentures fallin inclusive amounted to $546,496.47. ' ' ' The total liabilities of the county for the year eudin" Julv 1 1868 amounted to $97,332. n y ^, -^ouo. The estimated expenditures for the year ending Julv 1, 1870 out- side of Biddulph and McGillivray, were .«!97,755 ; wliile the expendi- ture apart from debentures, interest and toll-roads, amounted to $26 - 607. The total disbursement was $168,867.61 to December 31 1870 The liabilities for the year ending July, 1869, exclusive of Bid-' dulph and McGilhvray, were $75,383. The expenditures of th(i whole county for that year, outside debentures and interest and toll-roads wereb21,501. The total disbursement from December 31 18()7 to ?Q7n"i^o^o:*^ -f ^' '^^"^"ted to $136,861.14; and to January 1, 1869, $189,260.00. '' The expenditures of the county for tlie year endim' December 31 1871, amounted to $191,233.18. At that time the assets of the county were estimated at $748,601.67, and the liabilities at $750,300.23. The estimated total liabilities for year ending July 1, 1873, were $109 307 and the assets $17,275, exclusive of the two new townships. 'tIic estimate outside debentures, interest and toll-roads shows $30 719 less assets $4,440. The total disbursement for year ending December 31, 1872, was $147,506.46 ; for 1873, $186,208.70. The amount of county rate paid by the municipalities from 1852 to 1S7'> inclusive was $1,563,660.41. The expenditures of the county for the year endiii" December 31 1874, amounted to $337,935.53; while for the eleven"nionths endiu" JNovember .30, 18^5, the amount expended was $209 664 32 and to December 31, $238,187.94. In 1876 the total expenditure was $145 - 018.66; in 1877, $171,711.41, including $5,249.22 for maintenance of poor persons. C26 IIISTOEY OF THE The following statement shows the debenture debt on December 5, ISH:!, date of issue, and, lastly, date of maturity. The interest down to 1879 was () per cent., and since that year, with the exception of one issue, 5 per cent. $18,000 Issued June 30, 1868 Due in July 1, 18(i4 Dec. 31, 1864 Dec. 31, 1864 2,1865 Jan. Mar. Aug. Nov, Jan. Feb. 33,000 24,350 0,000 6,000 2,900 4,000 2,000 7,000 20,000 34,300 10,000 12,500 3,200 27,000 13,000 4,0U0 45,000 40,000 5,000 31,000 31,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 .. 24,000 34,500 All the debentures due after the last payable in 1887 to the last payable in 1901 fall due on December 31 eacli year, and on March 31 in r.H)2 and 1903, the total issued up to 1883 being S520.750. The report of the Finance Committee for the fiscal yesir ending June 30, 1888, contained the following clause : — 1st. — Your committee beg to report that they have examined the estitnates of our assets and liabilities for the year, from the 30th of June, 1887, to the 30th of June, 1888, and recommend that a rate of one and six-tenths of a mill on the aoUar be levied on the whole of Middlesex for current exjienses, producing S54,746.55, also a rate of nine-tenths of a mill on the dollar on Middlesex proper, producing * Tho amount of debentures paid In 1804 was |flO; in 18(K, Sl.l.mK; in 1880. $24,540 ; while the amount to be paid out of tbe taxes of 1807 wnn $:M,UOO. agitreKutintc $04,02'.'. In 1802 tliere were $4,700 paid on debeutures; in 1803, $10,100; and in 1867, and to November 20, 1808, $25,200, niuliine the true total $80,072. 1, 1865.. 1, 1865.. 1, 1865.. 1,1865,. 1, 1867*. June 3(1, 1874,. Aug. 1, 1874.. Sept. 1, 1874.. Oct. 1, 1874.. Aug. 31, 1877... Oct. 1, 1877.. June 30, 1878.. June 30, 1879.. Dec. 18, 1879... Dec. 31, 1879.., Dec. 31, 1879.. Dec. 31,1879.. June 1, 1880... June 23,1881., Oct. 1,1881.. Julv 1, 1882.. Sept. 20, 1882.. Mar. ;;l, 1883.. 1883 1884 1884 1884 1885 1885 1885 1885 1885 1887 1888 1888 1888 1888 1890 1890 1891 1893 1895 1895 1896 1897 1897 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 627 $26,554.06. The above rates liave been struck on the equalization of 18S6. The following are the amounts to be levied in each nuinici- l)ality as certified by 1). A. Gillies, chairman of finance committee, and the equalized value as certified by J. T. Coughlin, chairman of the equalization committee : — MUNICIPALITY. TAX LEVY. EQ. VALUE. ACRE. Adelaide $ 4,502 19 $1,788,760 i$40 ('iiradoc 4,446 81 1,780,736 28 Delaware 2,.S75 55 044,925 40 Dorchester 5,3;!0 (14 2,113,780 40 EkfiW 4,62!) 13 1,833,628 34 I'obo r),;)88 38 2,392,010 50 London 13,673 4(i 5,468,288 54 Metcalfe 3,223 68 1,281),125 35 Mosa ;>,,244 17 1,301,822 27 Nissouri West 6,:;26 63 2,528,125 50 We.^^tniinster 0,304 96 3,759,386 57 WiUiams East 4,027 12 1,615,64:! 41 Williams West 2,951 17 1,182,428 33 ^^trathroy 1,697 00 67.8,798 — I'arkhill 578 25 225,000 — London West 5(12 50 231,299 Glencoe ;^41 06 130,425 — Newbury 178 66 71,465 — Wardsville 15121 60,483 — Ailsa Craig 230 39 92,155 — Lnoivn 236 46 147,790 — jVlcUillivray 4,484 20 2,707,528 41 I^»iJuIph 2,712 64 1,695,403 42 The value of farm lands in the county in 1887 was S37,33<,»,r.l9, or ^^9.29 per acre, being $1.29 less than the average value in 1886,' and $1.36 less than the average value for the six yirecediug years. The value of farm buildings in 1887 was $9,694,804, or an average per acre of $12.80, being forty-seven cents less than the average of 1886, but forty-three cents above the average of the six preceding years. Farm implements were valued at $2,435,064, or $3.21 per acre, being two cents per acre over the average for the six preceding years,' including the high average of 1886. Live stock were valued at $5,94:!,] 74, being below the values of 1886. The average value to the acre in 1887 was $7.85, while in till' former year the figures were $8.32, However, the general average for the six years, including 1887, was $7.72. The total value of farm lands, buildings, implements and live stm;k was $55,412,841, or $73.15 ]m' acre, being fifty-eight cents less than the average value per acre for the six years, including 1887. 628 HISTORY OF THE !l The valno of all field crops produced in 1887 was i?;\955,;i40, or an averaf^c of Sl;'>.41) per acre, against .'!>14:.9() per acre in 1H8(J, and an average of SIO.OS \>cv acre for the six years, inclnding 18iS7. Tlie cost of growing cro])s in 1S87 in this district maybe estimated as follows: — Fall wheat, !?18.1(); value of product, S17..")7; spring wheat, i^lootj; value f)f product, S15.61 ; barley, i^lG.oS; value of product, 817.78; oats, SI 5.71 ; value of jn'oduct, 815.84; peas, 816.13; value of product, 812.09; corn, 821.89; value of product, 825.62; j)otatoe.s, 828.88; value of ])roduct, 845.41 ; turnip.s, S;!3.4l ; value of product, 841.27. The estimate for each crop includes expenditures for the following items: — Plowing, cultivating, etc., barnyard manure, manure applied jireviously, seed, sowing or drilling, after fitting or cultivation, cutting and ])utting in barn, threshing, marketing, wear of implements, rent, taxes and insiu'ance. In estimating the fer- tilizers, only the pro-rata value of manure to one year's crop is consid- ered — its value to futm-e crops is uut calculated. The cost al.so includes takiiig it to the usual market p'ace, and the Value of the product is based on the price there received. The number of working horses in the county in 1887 was l.'},200 ; of breeding marcs, 5,417 ; and of unbroken horses, 8,1G9 — or 26,780 horses, being over the average of four previous years. The number of cattle was 107,408 — 47 working oxen, 34,4:55 milch cows, ;i0,:)03 store cattle over two years, and 42,(i23 voung cattle. The total in 1883 was 104,803 ; increased in 1886 to 117,397. Tlie number of slice]) in 1887 was 46,005 — a great decrease from 18S3, when there were 81,563. In 1884 there were 72,194; in 1885, 61,468, and in 1886, 52,192. The annual decrease, as may be seen, is very marked. The number of hogs in 1887 was 38,557, while in 1883, the num- ber rejjorted was 42,941. In 1885 there were only 35,147, being 4,250 less than 1.S84, and 4,730 less than in 1886. Poultry numbered 319,395 fowls in 1887, against 269,904 in 1883. Of the first number 25,692 were turkeys, 17,600 geese, and 27' 197 other fowls. The yield of coarse wool was 132,234 lbs, from 21,079 fleeces, or 6.27 lbs. per fleece. The average for six years (1882-7) was only 5.94 lbs. per fleece. The fine wool yield was 26,544 lbs. from 4,655 fleeces, or 5.70 lbs. per fleece, tiie average for the six years being 5.58 lbs. In 1882 the total clip weighed 301,953 lbs. Tlie total value of wool was 835,090, or 81.36 per fleece. Middle.?ex yielded in 1887, 1,151,99;! bu.shels of fall wheat, or six- teen bushels per acre, while in 1886 the yield was 22.2 bushels, or a greater yield in 1886 from 64,948 acres than from 71,820 acres in 1887. The average yield of fall wheat (1882-7) was 20.04 bushels, while the average yield of spring wheat for the six years was 15.01 bushels ; although in 1887, 7,439 acres yielded only 57,355 bushels, or 7.7 bu.shels per acre. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 629 The averapc yield of oats for 18S2-7 was 3,809 bushels, includin" the yield of ;;2.5 per each of the 72,30!) acres planted in 1887. " The average yield of barley for the six years was twenty-six bush- els, including the yield of 22.5 per acre in 1887. when 13,884 acres were under seed. The average yield of rye from 1882 to 1887 was 17.01 bushels. Ill 1887, 535 acres gave 7.758 bushels, or an average of 14.05. Peas yielded 19.04 bushels for the years 1882-7, but in the latter year only 17.01 bushels, or 466,454 to 27,294 acres. The corn yield for the six years, including 1887, was (w.Od bush- els; but i),130 acres, yielding 457,048 in 1887, averaged only 50.01 bushels. Buckwheat yielded 17.07 bushels per acre for the six years ; but in 1887 only 11 04, or 8,812 to 773 acres. Beans yielded an average of 18.50 per acre from 1882 to 1887, in- clusive; but 165 acres in 1887 gave only 2,035 bushels, or 12.03 bushels per acre. The average yield of hay and clover for the six vears was 1.52 tons per acre ; but in 1887, 82,900 acres yielded only 108,599, or 1.31 tons per acre. The average yield of potatoes for six years, including 1887, was 103.09 bushels. In 1887, 4,890 acres yielded only 305,576, or an average of 62 5. iViaiigelwiirzels yielded 415.02 bushels per acre for the years 1882-7 ; but in the latter year the average dropped to 288.2, or 400,- 365 bushels to 1,389 acres. The average yield of carrots was 310.04 for each of the six years ; but dropped to 220.8 in 1887, or 94,515 from 428 acres. Turnips averaged 361.01 bushels for the six years ; but in 1887, 1,644 acres yielded only 459,219, or 279.03 bu.shels per acre. The acreage under crop in 1882 was 307,688; in 1883, 309,9'^5 • in 1884, 285,139; in 1885, 305.922; in 1886, 298,447; and in 1887, 294,600, the latter being an average of 57.03 of all cleared land ; while for the six years the average was 60.8. The average salary paid male farm help in 1887 was SI 59, with board, and S245 without board. The pay per month was $16.81 and S29.92, respectively. Tlie average for the six years ending Januarv 1888, was $167 with, and $25 1 without, board. Female help received $6.22 per month, with board, in 1887. The average for the five previous years was $1.57 per week, with board. There is a marked falling oil in the rate of wages paid to laborers in 1887 from the average for the last six years, and there is, on the whole, a slight reduction from tlie figures for 1886, The average wages paid in the case of yearly engagements, with board, is $159 per annum for the present year, and in monthly engagements, which api principally to the summer months, the rate of $16.91 per month, wii board, is paid. During the harvest, wages generally ran at from $1 to 630 IIlSTOllY OF THE $1.25 per day, or $'20 by tln^ inontli, for sliort terms. For eiij»a£^ment3 covering six moiitlis of tliu suiniiu'r about !?16 per inoiilii was the usual rate for a laborer of average ability anil exjierienco. The highest rates are ])ai(l in the northern di.stricts, jn'obably owing to the fact that these localities are nearer than othei'.s to the lumber region, and to rail- ways in process of construction, where the demand for laVwr is greater. Although the introduction of im])roved machineiy, and the (hdlncss in lumbering operations, and in the constr'.iction of jmblic works, have le.sulted in reihieing the co.st of labor in farm managiJinent, there is as yet no solution of the domestic servant problem on the farm. Cor- res])ondents com]ilain that servants girls are scarce, and cannot be induced to remain, owing to the greater attractions that are otfered them in cities and towns. Many (jf the remarks are far fu m conij)li- mentary to the girls ; but these latter might be able to give evidence which would tend to throw more light on this question of the general scarcity of female help in the (Janadian farm-house. A chapter on Canadian farm lif(!, writtiiu by the farmer's wife, daughter or hired girl, might possibly show why many of the last-named prefer the town or city to the toiling and moiling of the rural kitchen, the dairy and the barnyard. Immigrant girls that are l)rought out to the farms soon tind their way to the towns as a rule, and refuse service in the country. The average monthly rate of wages for the jirovince to servant girls for 18fs7 is SG.Oo, and the average weekly rate for the five years, 1882-(3, is )i>1.52. The cheese factories of the county in 1887 are as follows : — rows.siiii'. Adelaide . . liiddulph . . Caradou . . . LOCATION. I'O.ST OFFK^E. Delaware . . . Dorchester N Ekirid . London Metcalfe . . Adelaide IliisKell Smith Kcyser. Kcrwood ■himes Heckton Kerwooil. Mud Creek 11. J. Coulton S|iritiKbauk. Victoria John L. Fuller VVatford. .Cedar Vale Michael IJlaku Sec , .Klj;iiitield. North Middlesex (JeorKe \V. Fox Sec. . . Lucaii. .Curadoc W. E. Sawyer Sec. ..Mt. Hrydges. Mt. Carniel D. Leitch Stratlitoy. Wuncey Koad Samuel Price Sec. . . . Muucey. . Delaware William Field Sec. . . . Delaware. .,|{urnside S. Harr Sec. . .Mossley. Dorchester Station Tobias Eckhardt Dorchester Sta. Gladstone .1. 15. Lane Treas. . do. (jore James Smith Cramj)ton. Harrietsville Francis Kunz Sec. . Harrietsville. Thames I. A. .James . . .Chcesemaker. .Nilestown. . .Appin lames McFie Treas. .Api)in. Mayfair .lames (J. Begp Melbourne. .Devizes Union R. Elliott Cheesemakor. . Plover Mills. Geary John Geary Prop. . Loudon. MeIro.se David Sells Fergu.son. North Branch A.J. Kernohan Sec. ..The Grove. Proof Line John H. Muir Sec. . .Arva. Union Hill R. H. Harding Sec. . .Thorndalo. .Napier John Hutton Sec, ..Napier. Sifton's William Sifton Strathroy. Wilson's Francis Wilson do. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 631 JOWNHHIP. LOCATION. „WNKU. roKT OFFICE. *■'""* f: ""r":;; "'''^""' W^I-'arlane Sec. . .Olencoc. „. .,„ \J,or(l8villu W. Atkinson Sec. Ward-sville Ni8hounW.,..Nins.mrian(ll?lanchar(l..I'crgiiH MoMastor.... Soc St Warvs " Cherry Hill. Hope Wel,,stor ■...■; ■Tha>ne8fo;d. w» • . Nissoim West William L.e Sec. . .Thormlalo. V e«tmin8tcr.. c n.ont. ^ . . . George McKellar Sec. . . IJelniont I?plmont Rranch Henry Shotr. jo i^'*»rQ;"'' V ?.V?,';?y ^- ^""tl' ■ • ." . Olanworth. {""• ^'i";'' J" "' McDo.igall Sec. . , I'on.l Mills. -ivif w ., , » '°''" H. Hurnard Sec. , . Wl.ite Oak. ^^ •"'»'"■•' W.,.Rol, Roy ■William Dickson Sec, ..Parkhill. In 18S7 thevo were 51,610,887 pounds of milk uswl in those diocso factories, and 4,803,998 jMiunds of cheese i.roduced. the value beino .s.,01 824.1 ;5. The weight of Mi.ldlesex milk required to make one pound of cheese was 10.74 Ihs., and the market value of cheese per lUO 11^ was .§10.45. The factories are kept open generally from May 1 to November 8. ' t s j The creamery butter made in the factories of the county was 12- 180 lbs., valued at §2,801.40. In 1S87, 34 colonies of bees were reported. 1,525 were put into wniter qimrters in 1886. and 1,777 in the fall of 1887. The product was 3,S27 li)s. comb honey, 30,635 lbs. extracted honev, and 385 lbs wax ; all valued at $3,878.48. The average prices j)aid in the London market for the closing half year of the six years ending Jan. 1, 1888, are as follows :— Fall wheat 76 cents; spring wheat, 75; barley, 40.6; oats, 32.9; rye, 51.9; peas' ft2.4 ; corn in ear, 29 ; buckwheat, 45.5 ; potatoes, 70.05 ; carrots 22 5 ' turnip, 25.7 ; hay per ton $10.69 ; wool ])er lb, 22.5c. ' ' ' In 1851 there were in the town of London 1,017 occupied houses and m the county 5,159 houses. The religious denominations were represented as follows :— Adventists, 5 ; Baptists, 3,268 in county, and onn? ^"'"^0"; Christian.s, 87, and 50 in London; Church of EiK-land 8,094, and 2,201 in London; Catholics. 2,277, and 1,17!) in London- Congi-egationalists, 199, and 144 in London; Lutherans, 31, and 7 in London; British MethodLsts in county, 682; Weslevans 5 809- Episcopal MethodLsts, 2,265 ; New Connexion, 694 ; Mornioiis 6 • lresbyterian,s, 3,960; Church of Scotland, 1,645; Free Church 4 447 ' Protestants, 668 ; Quakers, 112; Unitarian.s, 36; Universalist's 275' other denominations, 450 ; non-denominational, 936. The i)oi)ulation of the county outside of London was made up as follows :-3,171 English and Welsh; 3,976 Irish; 4,762 Scotch- 3 natives of French origin ; 18,800 not of French origin ; 387 of Mari- ?i'^o 1°'"'"?'''= ^ Channel Islanders; 22 of other British possessions; 1,652 Americans ; 43 Dutch ; and 4 of other countries. London town contained 1,334 English and Welsh in 1851 • 1 877 Irish; 712 Scotch; 2 620 native Canadians ; 3 Channel l.slanders- 43 natives of other British possessions ; 394 Americans ; and 24 of o'ther countries. 40 682 HISTOUY OK TUB Of the toliil ])opnliitit)n of U]ii)or Ciiniula in 1851 — l)r)2,004 — them were KiT.G'Ju Catholics, tlu; reiiiivinder lioloiiijiiig to tlu; rrotustant creeds, excejit about 4'J,U0O, who did not jirofess any faith. In I,ower Canada, of a total jio])uIation of 8',)(),li()l, no less than 74ti,S(;(; bo. lon<;cd to the (.'atliolic Cliurch, and the remainder to the several Pro- testant creeds, except 4,!) 11, who did not profess any faith, and twelve Mormons. Pojndation, hSlSl. — The population of the county by race in ISIJl shows o(),702 Kiif^lish speakinjj, and 77 French-spoakin;,', natives of Canada; 5,54o Scotch ; 5.175 English and Wtdsh ; 4,721 Irish; 1,X4I Americans; 224 Nova Scotians and natives of Prince Kdward Island; 115 New Prunswickers ; 21 natives of Newfoundland ; l(i of the West Indies; 4 of the East Indies; 16S Germans; 12 French; 2 Italians; 5 Spaniards; 2 Swedes ; 1 Pole; 17 Swiss; 15 Chaiuiel Islanders; and 21 of other countries. Included in above were :!12 nep'oes and 1,182 Indians. Of the latter, ()4:^ resided in Caradoc; 531 i;i Delaware; 2 in London ; and in Westminster. The religious bodies claimed the followiiig rej)rosentation in IHGl : — Protestant Episcopal ChiU'ch, 11909; Catholic, 4,045; Church of Scotland, :i,8H7 ; Free Church of Scotland, (i,074; United Presbyter- ians, 3,l;U ; Wesleyan Methodists, 7,819 ; Episcojial Methodists. o,522 ; New Connexion Methodists, 1,201 ; other Metluxlists, 554 ; Baptists, 3,851; Lutherans, 70; Congregationalists, 90 ; ti)uakers, 1 65 ; Pible Christians, 1 35 ; Christians, 43 ; Second Adventists, 37 ; Protestants, 107; Disciples, 191 ; Mennonites and Tunkers, 24 ; IJniversa'ists, 95 ; Unitarians, 5; no creed, l,2(i0 ; other creeds, 571. The figures for London in the above order are 3,452 ; 2,071 ; 73(1 ; ()(S4; 232 ; 1,453; 209; 395; 211; 515; 19; 145; 5;40; 12 ; 149 ; 1,057; ; 3; 1 ; 38 ; 5 ; ; 80 ; 44. There were, in 18G1, 5,930 occujuers of lands in Middlesex, of •whom 314 were owners of 10 acres and less, 178 of between 10 and 20 acres, 1,469 of between 20 and 50 acres, 2.993 of between 50 and 100 acres, 815 of between 100 and 200, and 161 of over 200 acres. Of the 521,353 acres held, 233,672 were under cultivation, and 287,681 wood and wild lands. The ctish value of farms was $13,261,- 174; of farming im])lements, S440.371; of produce of gardens and orchards, §67,167. Five thousand seven hundred and twenty acres of fall wheat produced 76,282 bushels, while 53,211 acres of spring wheat produced 1,046,096 bushels ; 3,663 acres of barley produced 96,731 bushels; 274 acres of rye, 3,625 bushels; 23,613 acres of peas, 529,984 bushels ; 29,800 acres of oats, 941,192 bushels; 1,731 acres of buckwheat, 30,42 1 bushels; 2,683 acres of corn, 65,410 bushels; 6,811 acres of potatoes, 640,201 bushels ; 4,966 acres of turni])s, 1,369,309 bushels ; caiTots, 56,044 bushels ; 39 acres of mangel wur- zel, 14,187 bushels; beans, 1 ,474 bushels ; clover, timothy and other seeds, 1,872 bushels; hay, 39,188 tons; hops, 31,216 pounds; maple sugar, 498,627 pounds; cider, 57,960 gallons; wool, 211,973 pounds ; £L COUMY nV MIIUiLKSKX. 63.1 fliiniifl, 74,1(10 yanls; flax iiiid hcmi), 7,'^-\^ poiiiuls; linen, 2(10 yards ; ImttiT, 1,(181,80.") jKMinds; chfi-.s', 70,100 pounds; beef in L'OO lb. barrels, L',r)r)7 biiiTcIs ; pork, ll.',")r)7 bnnvls; drii'd fisli, .")") ([uintiils; fish in biUTcls, (iO barrels; sold fresh, 07 ll)s.; bulls, oxen and steers, ■'i,505; milch cows, lO.OliO; calves and heifers, 134,.jOI ; horses over three years old, 1 l,0.-)0, valued at S7.">"»,o'Jli ; colts and fdlies, 4,075 ; shee]), o2,110li ; jiigs, 4L',(i4S. The total value of live stock was placed at j? 1, 770,094. At tiiis time (1861) there wtsre G'.)5 brick, nine stone, and 1,386 frame buil(lin<,'s in the city, with two I'rotestant Episcopal church buildinH, with 775 members, about 14,000 Wesleyan Methodists, 5,200 Episcojml Methodists, l.oOti Primi- tive Methodists, 2,208 New Connexion Methodists, 113 British Epis- copal Methodists; 820 Bible Christians; two Mormons; fifty-nine pagans; 4,552 Presbyterians, 11,710 (,'aiuidian Presbyterians, 2,169 con- nected with the Church of Scotland, 062 lleforraed Presbyterians ; 129 Protestants ; 233 Quakers ; forty-two Swedenborgians ; seventy nine Unitarians ; fifty-seven Universalists ; thirty-six of other denominations ; 474, religion not given, and 124 without creed. The population by race origin in 1871 was as follows : — English, 28,464; French, 519; negroes, 051; Dutch, 1,077; German, 2,>S«S ; Indians, 1,278; Scandinavians, forty-nine; Scotch, 20,354; Irish, 26,569 ; Poles, twenty-one ; Italians, one ; Spaniards, twelve ; Swiss, twenty-eight; Welsh, 510; other countries, seven ; unknown, 163. The census returns of 1880 by subdivisions, are as follows : — TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGKS. TOTAL POP. MALKS. HOUSES. Westminster 7,892 3,978 1,540 Dorchester 4,056 2,093 815 London 9,599 4,920 1,718 London East (village) 3,890 1,949 796 534 III8T0UY OK THE lOWNSIIlI'S AND VILLAOES. TOTAL I'Ol'. IVtLM-avillo (villugo) \>f]\ Nissouvi West •y>t>2 Mosa '^-'i'f, Wardsvillo (villa^.-) J>\^1 Ekfml -^/l-^ Metcalfe 7 y^'i'i Carmloc ■'•■-fl! StraUivov (town) -^^i,' Delaware 2,6/4 Newbury (villa^'o) '>*^ Glencoe (village) »»l Adelaide j;]f Williams West -''f-^^ Williams East 2,1;!.) McGillivray 4,\/8 Lobo 3,0.)2 Ailsa Craif,' (village; »^- Lucan (village) l'^ Parkhill I'f^ Biddulph ^••>-*^' MALES. I tOUSKS. 776 328 1,879 1,372 676 464 260 108 1,612 1,158 583 396 2,684 1,068 1,837 1,352 278 780 548 120 410 156 1.634 1,189 1,075 2.147 1,556 433 564 437 426 761 602 175 488 190 744 307 1,557 532 , where they use French Canadian hooks, together with the English National books." Dr. llyerson docs not appear to have made the first attempt to check the use of French in the schools, and no man was ])artisan enough to try to make the matter a ]iolitical ])arty question. The ilis- crodit of seeking to make it a political question has been reserved for the "dwindled .sons of little men" in later days. London South Schools. — The attendance at the London Soutn schools for March, 1889, was as follows: — No. on Roll. Aver. Att. 7th DivLsiou 73 63 Oth Division 05 50 oth Division 01 47 4th Divi.sion 69 45 3rd Division 63 48 2nd Division o") 37 1st Division 65 33 Kindergarten 40 25 Total 491 348 The London South Board accepted the tender of A. A. Lind, of Bruce street, for repairs and alterations to the frame school-lujusn. Ailsa Cnihj Meclianics' Insti: te. — Tlie oflicers appointed for the Ailsa Cniig Mechanics' Institute for the vear 18S9-90 were as follows : President, \h: Stewnrt; vice-president, John McKay ; secretary, Well- ington Walton; treasurer. Mayor Jlosser; directors, J. T. Owens, John H. McKay, John H. McDonald, \Vm. Jones, Dr. Gunn, Kev. Mr. Shore, D.J. White, David Gillies, John Morgan. J. Grant and D. McKay were ap])oint"d auditors. Art '•Jiool Annual Meeting. — The twelfth aimual moetin,,' of the Western School of Art was held at the school, Mechanics' In.stitute, i'l the spring of 18S9. The following were present: — Colonel John m ! COUNTY OF Mn)DLESi;X. (537 Walker (presidont), Messrs. Jtimes GrifTitlis, Frank Leonard, George Macbetli, J. 11. Peel and J. H. Griffiths (secretary). (Jolonel Walker S])()kii of the snccess attending the school dnrino; the past year. Al- though the Govei'innent gi'ant had been rednced, there was no decrease in the financial standing of the school. It was ho])ed that the qualit}' of work shown Ijy the school would induce the Goveriunent to increase the grant from S400 to the former sum, $1,00U. The secretary, J. H. Griffiths, read the annual report, which showed that twenty-five pupils had attended during the fall term of 18S8, and thirty-one from January to March, 1889. An exhibition of the various art schools throughout the ])rovince being about to lake place in Toronto, the teachers were directed to make selections of work done by ])upils to exhibit thereat. The financial statement sho^ved an expenditure of i? 1, 042 36, with a small balance. Tiie a])poIfitment of directors re.snlted as follows: — Messrs. F. E. Leonard, Frank Peters, Colonel Walker, .lames Griffiths, Colonel Lewis, James Cowan, W. U. Meredith, George Durand, Thos. Tracy, W. C. L. Gill, W. Bowman, John Marshall, Talbot Miicbeth, E. T. Essery, .1. K. Peel, ,). TL Griffiths. Messrs. Griffiths and J. R. Peel were re-elected teachers ; J. S. Dewai', auditor ; (Colonel Walker, president ; James Griffiths, first vice-])resident ; TalDot Macbeth, second vice-president ; J. H. Grithths, secretary-treasiu'er. Agncidtural and Arts Association. — The Pioard of Directors of the Provincial Agricultural and Arts Association met at the office of the Western Fair Association early in 1 889. The following niembei-s were present: — J. C, Rykert, M. P., president; A. llawlings, vice- president ; Henry \\'ade, ToroTito, secretary ; 1). A. Macpherson, Lan- caster ; Ira Morgan, Metcalfe; Joshua Legg, Gananoque ; Robert Vance, Ida ; J. C. Snell, Fxlmonton ; \j. ¥j. Shipley, Greystead ; Nicho- las Awrcy, M. P. P., liinbrook; William Dawson, Vittoria; James Rowand, M. P., Dunblane ; Chas. Drury, M. P. P., Minister of Agri- culture, Crown Hill ; P. li. Palmer, Pelleville. Allan Hogue, presi- dent of the jioultry cotnmittee of the Western Fair, a))pearcd before the Board and made various recommendations regarding prizes for poultry, €tc. The offer of the London l^>aseball Association to advertise the exhi- bition for i?rj on their streamers was accepte North Augusta 100 COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 63!> An Old Resident Gone. — Hiram Purely died at his late residence, St. Marys, oii April 22, ajred 60 years. Mr. I'urdy was a resident of East Nissouri over forty years, where he not only built himself a fine home, but also a good character. As a boy he was honest and trust- worthy, and as a man active and useful, and an exem])lary church member and father in principle. ITe was a staunch Keformer. Ten years ago he removed to the town of St. Marys, whence ho has been called, leaving a beautiful home, an affectionate wife, one daughter and three sons to mourn his death. Sale of Fair Ground Lots. — '!"he sale of lots on the old fair ground by the London Trust, in the spring of 1889, drew a large attendance. Ten lots altogether were sold, the others being withdrawn, as the otlers did not not come up to the i)rice placed on them by the Trust. The following are the names of the purchasers and the price.s obtained per foot :— - On Wellington stu^et — No. ,")',), II. S. Holmes *?14 No. (iO, G. F. Ryder 14 On Central avenue- No. 65, John McMUlan 31 No. GO, Mr.s. Maria KUiotl 24 No. 67, Mrs. Maria Elliott 2:'. No. 68, Edwin Paul 20 No. 69, A. A. P.ooker 20 No. 70, Frank P>. Friend 19 On Waterloo street — • No. 80, Thomas A. Browne 14 No. 84, E. C. Dodd 13 The total amount realized was ji59,36.5.82. So far for lots on the exhibition grounds the Trust have received §60,634.13. There yet remain to be sold eight lots on Central avenue and one on Richmond street. The jirices realizcnl from lots sold privately have been higher than for tho.se sold by auction. This Year's Assessment Roll. — The following is a recapitulation of the assessment roll for 1889 as compiled by Assessment Commissioner Grant : — WariU. u-.. " Wanl.'i. Ward 1. Ward ii. Total. Population 1,483 .""..IS-i G,147 r>,820 5,15t 26,786 27i> 427 in .filti HOI 2,'027 7;) 00 GO 00 25 75 50 00 /'5 75 .lurors. Ileal property Personal § 90(1,100 Taxable income.^ 4;i0,()8.'j Statute labor. ..$ 481! Hog.s 12() Cattle 1 Hogs Horiies .... ISO Chililren(5to21) 1,0,'i,'') Steam boilers. .. 2(1 NoM resiJenta . . 5(i S;i,0l7,2,''.0 .?2,9(iO,6:!,5 $1,«!)0.227 .«!2,000,;!ir. |!!1,2.';S,(;S,'-) .SlO.ilOli. 1 12 $ .-)0',),40O ^ li)!),().'-.0 S 22,7.-.0 .^ 111,000 i 1,743,200 S 4;!5,.'').')0 s 43,. '•.!)() S 17,900 8 ■^,S00 $ 969 W2^, i? r.ss J 322 «; 270 * ir.o ,■? 1,822 23;) 1!M) 321 •)0i) 1,101 28 l.l 39 .-i9 21 142 24 173 204 1 20 20S 897 l,2(>i) I.itfil 1,074 1,037 7,596 1!( 22 ;) 23 94 42 U6 70 114 384 G4i) IIISTOUY OF THE m Liquor Licenses — The City license Commissioners, Messrs. John McCkry, 1). Eo Dundas. Charles Cruickshank, south-east corner liichmond and York. Edwin Tanton, north-west corner Wellington and York. Jerry McI )onald, «7-S9 Dundas. James AVestbrook, Co3-0.")5 Dundas. John Eraser, south-east corner Talbot and King. H. M. Eyan, north-west corner Clarence and King. William Avey, north-east corner Dundas and English. John ilurton, (;82-(;8G Adelaide, John Tomlinson, 400-402 (Jlarence. E. M. Hawthorn, 20,3 Dundas. William C. Drake, 421-42.") Park avenue. J. r. Evans, 29i) Jtichmond, J. r>. Land, 522 Kichmond. Thomas Morkin, 587 liichmond. J. & J. ]\IcMartin, Dundas and Talbot. Charles Kennedv, north-wi'st corner Talbot and King. J. W. Martin, 8y-'.)l King John Lewis, north-west corner Kichmond and Maple. M. O'Meara, Clarence and York. James James, north-west corner liichmond and Fullarton. Edwai'd Morkin, south east corner Wellington and Dutlerin avenue. T. S. HodgiiLs, 131 King. Mrs. M. Elliott, .south-west corner Wellington and Bathurst. .]. 1). -Icnnings, north-ea.st corner Richmond and King. Edward Tanton, 077-079 Adc^laido. 11. A. Carrothers, south-west corner Waterloo and Horton. Louis llisk, southwest corner liichmond and Litchfield. S. & T. K. Oi'igg, north-east corner liichmond and York. James Homister, 415 Hamilton road. iil COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. G41 John Howe, north-wo?t corner Clarence and York. Mc(iaw & Winnett, Tccuinseh House. J. C. Grant, 80-.S4 Dundas. John Horsman, north- west corner Dundas and Wellington. Alonzo Hall, .south-wesl corner Eidout and King. Robert Keating, 236 Rectory. Henry Towell, 1S8 Hamilton Road. Henry Brinsmcad, corner Wellington and York. Mr. iM. Taylor, 374 Ridout. John ]\Ic(iill, north-west corner Talbot and York. Charles Collett, corner Hamilton lioad and Burwell. James McDonald, 122 Carling. Wm. Bernard, north-west corner of Carling and Talbot'. BEEU AND WINK. Jonathan Ardiel, 7^5 Simcoe. J. A. Depolie, 101)7 Frances and Egerton. Arthur Jeilries, ()0-(,i2 Dundas. Charles Maker, King and Rectorv. C. N. Nellis, 577 Hamilton Road" EXEMPT TAVEKNS. -lames Smith, 399 Richmond. David Sare, 378 Kichmond. I'eter McCann, corner Market Lane and Square. W. J. Fowler, G. T. R. restaurant. GUOCEUIES — RETAIL. John Scandrett, 175i Dundas. James I )obbin, east side Lyle. E. B. Smith, 9 Market Sciuare, 125 Dundas. J. & A. Wilson, 398 Richmond. John Garvey, loG Dundas. P. J. Watt, 12 Market Square. F. McNeil, west side Maitland. Wm. Connor, King, near Richmond. J. S. Deacon, 371 Tall)ot. Somerville & Frederick, 1 12 Talbot. C. L. Driefer, 747 Wat^'rloo. Henry Depjier, west side Alma. ' John Orange, 470 Clarence. Alo.x. McBuaii, 237 Dundas. Alex. Tytler, 3.S4 Richmond. GUOCEUIES— WHOLESALE. F. Adams & Co., 75-97 Dnndas. The successful ajiplicants were required to pay their fee b (bre May 3, in order to secure their certificates. 642 HISTOUY OF THK ; ^ m i ' : ■ Western Congrerjational Associdtion, — The semi-annual session of the Western ('ongrc>^'ationa.l Association coninienced in the school- room of the Congregational Church, in the sjiring ui 188!). After tlie o])ening prayer-meeting, led by llev. I). McGregor, GiKilph, the min- utes of the last semi-annual meeting in Woodstock were read by Kev. J. K. Unsworth, secretary, and adojited. Tiie ayjjxiinting of commits tees was left to the chairman, Kev. J. Fuller, IJrantford, who ajipointed them as follows : — Business ( "ommittee — Eev. R. K. ?)lack, Messrs. J. Kitchie and J. Brock bank. Membership Committee — llev. W. Hay, Messrs. Georing and Randall. An ai)plication was read for membership from llov. G. T. Carr, of St. Catharines, which was referred to tlie Membership (,'ommittee. The secretary called the roll, and tlie following delegates and ministers were found to have reported :— Mr. 1). I). May, Stratford ; Rev. J. I*. Gerrie and Mrs. Gen-ie, Stratford; Rev. R. K. Jilack, Sarnia; I!ev, W. K. Short, Winghan) ; ^Ir. R. Ritchie, Wingham ; Rev. Jas. Webb and Mrs. Webb, New Duriiam ; Rev. W. H. Claris, Mrs. Burgess, Miss Silcox, Frome ; Mr Silcox, Sliedden ; Rev. Wm. Hav, Scotland ; Rev. W. K. Unsworth, ^h. J. Carrie, Mr. J. B. Brockbank, Paris; Rev. G. Y. Carr and Mrs. Carr, St. Catharines ; Rev. 1). McGregor, Mr. G. H. Skinner, Guelj)h ; Rev. G. Franklin, Listowel, Ma.ss. ; Wm. Yeigh, Toronto; Mr. Watson, sr., Mr. and Mrs. Reid, Mr. Masterman, Miss Cuthbertson, Woodstock ; Rev. G. Fuller, Mr Randall, Brantford ; Rev. R. Hay, Watford ; Rev. C. H. Whisker, St. Thomas ; Tliomas Cannom, George Rendell, J. B. Hicks, Mrs. Tajipen and Rev. H. 1). Hunter, London. Raihuay Subsidies. — Tiic following railway subsidies were allowed by the Government in the spring of 1889 : — For a line from Sicamous, on the C. I'. R., in British Columbia, to Lake Okavagan, .'?1G.">,L'00; the Cornwall Valley Railway Comjiany, .s:!,'JOO ; the; Lake Temiscamingue Colonization Piailway Company, 5548,000 ; the Mackinonge & Nipissing Railway, S4S,000 ; the Kingston, Sniitli's Falls & Ottawa Railway, SG4,000 ; the South Ontario Pacific Railway Company, 8158,400 ; a line from St. Ceasare to St. Paul d'Abbottsford, Que.^ SIO.OOO; the Great Eastern Railway Company, Quebec, .804,000 ; the DruTnmond (.'ounty Railway Comj'any, 814,400 ; the St. Catharines & Niagara Cen- tral liailway Company, 804,000 ; the Quebec & Lake St. John Railway, $64,000; the Grand Trunk, Georgian Bay & Lake Erie Companj', 848,000 ; the Hereford Railway Comjjany, 848,000 ; the Massawippi Junction Railway Company, 848,000; the Brockville, Westjjort & Sault St. Marie Railway Company, 864,000 ; Thon.sand Islands Rail- way Comjtauy, 834,400 ; for a line from Cape Tormente to .Murray Bay, 864,000 ; the Amlierstburg & Lake Shore Railway Comi)any, 864,000. There was no vigorous discussion on these subsidies, until it came to the extraordinary proposal regarding the Biiie des Chaleuis COUNTY OK MI1)DM:SKX. (]4;! T^ailway. This road is oiio of those wliicli was known as one of the princijjal of the (jreat list of jiolitical railways which came to the front in 18SG and 1887. Sir Kicliard Cartwrioht, Messrs. Laurier, iJavies, Mills, Casey, McMulloii and others or)])osed the proposition as being extras r.gant, but the projxisal was allowed to go through. The Aftylum Imjrrovcments. — The various works which had bc^en in progit'ss for some time at the Insane Asylum were comi)leted in May, 1889. A thorough system of fire protection was established, a large double cylinder steam ])nni]i furnishing the power. Five thou- sand feet of four and six-inch su])i)ly pipes were laid to all the build- ings, sixteen hydrants similar to those u.sed in the city being ])laced at convenient points. New hose and reels with all the necessary appli- ances were ])urclia.sed fur the otlicials to drill the staff regularly in their use. 'J"he old kitchen and laundry, which were destroyed by fire, were rebuilt much larger and better suited for the jiurpose. A fine amuse- ment hidl was erected over the kitchen. The walls are twenty-two feet high, which sui)port the roof The ceiling is of wood, moulded. A large ])latform, eigliteen feet wide, extending the fidl width of the room, stands at the north end of the hall, over which is a handsome arch with Corinthian columns, surmounted with carved ca])itals. There are five wide staircases leading to the hall, which are very im- portant in case of emergency. The north cottage, which was partly destroyed by fire on the night of the 2()th of January, was restored, and now shows no signs of the scorching it received. The works were car- ried on by the Public Works Department, under the superintendence of J'. O'Byrne, clerk of the works. The fire protection was constructed by Crycr & Co., the remainder of the work being done by John Purdom. Masonic. — At a meeting of the London Sovereign Chapter of Iio.se Croix, A. and A. S. \l., held on the 25tli of April, the following officers were elected:— P. Pr. J. Callard, 18 ° , M. W. S. ; P. Pr. H. C. Simp- son, 18 ° , first general ; 1*. Pr. J as. Douglas, 18 ^ , second general; P. Pr. J. S. Niven, 18 ° , prelate ; P. Pr, J.'^S, Dewar, 18 ° , raphael ; 111. Bro. A. W. Porte, :!2 => , treasurer ; 111. Bro. Jas. Priddis, .S2 "= , regis- trar; P. Pr. Alexander Irvine, 18°, grand ho.spitaler; 111. P.ro. (J. N. Spencer, 32°, grand marshal; P. Pr. A. 0. Jeffrey, 18°, grand almoner ; P. Pr. J. D. Sharman, 18 ° , grand M. of C. ; 1*. Pr. T. H. Carling, 18 ° , grand captain of guard; P. Pr. H. P. Kennedy, 18°, grand organist ; III. Bros. John McBetli, 23 ° , C. B. Hunt, 32 ° P Pr. F. W. Lilley, 18 ° , grand stewards ; P. Pr. F. J. Hood, 18 ° , guard. Amalgamation of' London South. — At a meeting of the joint City and London South Anuilgamation Comnuttee in the spriu'^ of 1889, there were present Aid. Chas. Taylor (chairman), Aid. W. Joiies, Aid. Joshua Garrett, Mayor 'I'aylor, City Auditor Jewell, Secretary Kingston, Deputy-Keeve Pritchett, John Marshall, Col. Leys, p]. K. Cameron, Thomas Alexander, Philip McKenzie and J. A. Thomas. Mayor Taylor opened the proceedings by pointing out the mutual (i44 HISTORY OF XllK adviintiiges to be ( the reniaininj,' live. The city tt) assume all of the suburb's proportion of the township and county debts. Tilt; gentlemen from London South did not think the people over there wouhl agree to have the assessment raised. If a certain sum were named for the benefits to be tlerived by London South, and let the suburb raise it the way the ratepayers thought best, it would be more .satisfactory. Mr. Jewell stated upon inquiry that the city debt was Sl,9(i-4,- 523.47. Of this amount SIOOOOO bore interest at seven ])er cent. The debentures matured as follows: — l,S88 (overdue), SG.oOU ; 1.S89, $l(i,rjOl); 1890, 334,500; LSOl, $134,500; 18U2, S70,000 ; 1893, !$G72,(534.',)1) : 1894, S134,8i36.(i6 ; 1895, .-JB.OOO ; 1890, !$219,48G.()0; 1897, S2,000; 1898 §325,035.16; 1901, 82,000; 1902, $43,500; 1903,87,000; 1913,8175,000; 1917,8115,000; total, 81,964,523.47. Th(! two following i)ropo.sals were then drafted by Messrs. Kingston and Cameron, to be submitted respectively to the City Council and the ratepayers of London South : — " Amalgamation to be etl'ected upon the following terms : — 1. London South to become a ward of the city, assuming all assets and liabilities of the .same, and to obtain its due share of appropria- tions for public imiirovements hereafter. 2. Loudon South to be assessed at its assessment of 1889 for the ten years next succeeding the date of amalgamation ; but all property hereinafter improved shall be assessed at a ])roportionate increase thereon, but not to exceed two-thirds of its actual value. 3. Water mains for domestic and fire purposes to be extended through London South as soon as possible after the special act here- after mentioned, on such streets as shall be agreed upon, and as shall adequately protect and provide for the said ward, and extensions to be made therefrom whenever the Water Commissioners can be shown that a ten per cent, profit will be received upon the expenditure. 4. The city, as enlarged, to a.ssurae and pay the liabilities to the county and township of the new ward. 5. Legislation to be obtained to carry out the provisions of this agieement." COUNTV OF MIUIJLKSKX. (>45 Or, amiilg.iinatioii to bo oH'octcd upon tlic following tcnns: — " 1. Loudon Sontli to hoooiiio ii wunl of tlie city uihiu tlio siunc basis of iissessniont as obtains in tlio city, but to have a fixod redur^- tion of six mills oil' the annual rate for tlio ten years next succeeding amal,il()U,OH(), a sum at least three times as great as the total co.st of the work up to the present time. Jmjxirts. — The statement of imports into ('anada, exclusive of ]iriti.sh Columbia, during March .shows a total of S'.',74G,2:i2 and duty of !*2,2ijf,,()0r), against 5?7,;!Sr),42l and l$l,7."i7,0iS'.J in the ju-evious month, showing an increase of :J2,: ) 6(1,8(1 1 in value and of §548,971! in duty. The free goods entei'ed in March were valued at Sl,7o2,2r)8 against §2,47'.t,tJU'.l in February, a decrea.se of 8727,351. Manufac- tures of silk show an increased im])ortatioii in March over the ju'evious month of SS7,U17, and sugars show an increase of S221),()UV). The total amount of coin and bullion im])orted during March was S(J7,442 against 82(1, 589 for February, an increase of 840,853. The total amount of gooils entered for consumption for the nine months ending March ol.sl, 1889, was 878,24(),110, and the duties to 817,151,022, as compared with 873,054,443 and 815,957,753 in the same period last year. !!■ COUNTY OF MIItDLKSEX. 047 CHAITKK XL MISCELLANY. Boavil of Tradc.—nMi lumuiil meeting of the Board of Trade was lield in the spnn- of I.SS9. Present— Messrs. John Canii)bell fDresi- dei.t in the chair), .). W. Little, T. JI. Mar.sh, John Murshall, Thomas / f^;. ■ • '"-'''^'"- ^'- ''^'^'''"- •'■ S- I'f'ira!, r. Pocock, George M Keid, iAIajor tJartsh.m-, T. S. Jlobbs, .1. JJhuid, Ed. Cleghorn, Geor.'e l.urn.s, Moses Musuret, J. Tanton, T. JI. Parker, C. W. Leonard, S. ¥ Glass, -J. Houston, James Cowan and J. A. Nelles, secretary. A communication was read from Mr. Houston, of the Canadian Pacitic Jlailroad, giving notice of a reduction in rates from Montreal on iron harilware and grocers' sui)j>lie.s. Mr. ]lobbs said that the railway committee of the Board had met the representatives of the Canadian Pacific Railway and secured a reduction. Mr. Hyman had gone to Arontreal and .secured a promise ot lurther reductions. The Michigan Central liad of their own accord reduced the rates to Amherstburg west, and further reductions on the whole line were being considered. John Marshall reported that the committee on new premises had met with great success, and had a guarantee of over iJSOO beyond the regular subscriptions towards securing the new premises in the (Jaiia- dian Savings & Loan Society, in the building which they were now initting up. He considered they had a sufficient guarantee, and if the meeting was willing they would clo.se for the rooms, and would turnish them with suitable furniture and literature. The matter was left in the hands of the committee. Alex. Stevens and J. H. Glass were duly balloted for and elected members of the Board. The secretary submitted the financial statement for the year as follows : — Receipts — On hand April 30, 188S ^ 41g 5^ Sundries 2'~2 '"•' Members' fees, '.'.... 4;-i5 -^. , '^^^^^ S1,0L>1 23 Disbursements — J^"*- •••" , S 224 00 Secretary s salary jOq qq Sundries ^rj »,- Balance 622 48 'lotal 81,024 23 n IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 7 /. *• //// '^^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 '" ilM 112 2 2.0 Ki. — 6" II 1.8 1.4 11111.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation m .<^ k:^'^ ^<% A \ % V *> * o^ %^ .<^' ^'■ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 L

, ex-G. Almoner ; 111. Bro. A. W. Porte, .'{2 => , ex-G. Treasurer • P. Pr. A. 0. Jetlery, 18 ^ , ex-G. SecreUary ; Frank W. Lilley, 18 ° ex-G. M. of C. ; F. J. Hood, 18 ° , G. Tyler ; Alex. Irvine, 18 ° , G. Expert ; Bros. A. E. Cooper, Asst-G. Expert ; J. Siddons, 14 ° G C of H. ; T. Brock, 14 ° , and J. C. Heeler, 14 ° , Stewards. Verses.— The following clever verses possess no little poetic merit. They were written by a young gentleman of Loudon :— CANADIAN plowman's SONG.* Soho ! ray good steeds, soho ! The reign of the frost-king is over. And Nature's last token of snow, Has vanished from wheat-field and clover ; And she calleth foi me and for you. Out from our idle hours — Out, where the meadow-lands through. Are waiting the April showers. Then let us be up and away. Through the lanes and over the bridges, To the fields, at the dawn of day. And plow out our furrows and ridges. The gloom of the coming night May be touching our lives already ; Let us work while our hearts are light — Let us work while our hands are steady. Away ! over stubble and sod. Over the fallow-ground, turning The soil to the sunshine of God, To bask in its life-giving burning ; Over the grasses, impearled With brilliants of i)eerless creating : Shall we stop when a hungry world For the golden harvest is waiting ? *Wril1oii fi)r llie Adrritlmr. 652 msTOKY OK the O speed ye, my bonnie brave steeds ! \\hiit care we for sun or for weather ? If ours be inglorious deeds, We will share them unhonored together. Let others their brothers' blood shed, That their names may be written in story ; If we give to earth's perishing bread, O what do we eaie for her glory ! We laugh at her jnaise and her blame. While our birthright is honest endeavor ; The palm of our merited name. We will yield to no pride wliatsoever. Our realm is as wide as the zones. We scorn all distinctions and stations ; We labor for kings on their thrones, And the humblest-born of the nations. Then onward, haste onwai'd, good steeds! Let us turn o'er the sod and the stubble ; While we walk where the furrow-path leads, Let us think not of sorrow and trouble. O the smell of the upturning soil Is the fragrance that lightens our labor;— But what do we care for the toil. When we call all humanity " Neighbor." Sam. Gkeenwood. London South, April 8, 1889. The lAberal-Cunso'vatives. — The amnial meeting of the City Con- servative Association was held in London in the spring of lcS89, in the Masonic Temple rooms. Ex- Mayor Hodgens presided, and among those present were Messrs. If. Uayly, Q. C, A. W. Poite, John Christie, James Priddis, W. J. Reid, C. L. Briefer, B. W. Greer, S. Ruse, C. Colerick, Aid. Taylor, W. do Ray Williams, D. J. Batznei-, L. O. Law- i-ason, E. W. M. Flock, R. M. Graham, J. Sainsbury, R. Pritchard, R. A. Bayly, F. P. Blackwell, John I'ritchard, R. Sainsbury, Wilson Owens, W. Coles, J. P. Moore, G. E. Sayers, T. H. Shoebottom, Samuel Turner, Peter Toll, L. Haylock, W. J. Thompson, R. A. Graham, Geo. Freeman, F. J. Hood, Harry Slater, .]. W. McLintoek, Bert Moore, George Hodder, George Carrutliers, G. Mortimore, R. Carruthers, J. Fleming and others. The business of the evening was the election of ollicers and the organization of ward committees to i)r(!pare the voters' lists under the Manhood SuH'rage Act i)assed by tlie Ontario Government. The meeting was botli harmonious and enthusiastic, and the business was transacted in an earnest and energetic manner, that augured well for the standing of the party in London. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 653 The following officers were elected : — President, T. D. Hodgens ; vice-presidents, J. A. Cousins, K \V. Greer and A. B. Powell ; secre- tary-treasm-er, John Arnold. Ward committees were also elected to look after the new lists. R. Bayly, Q. C, Aid. Taylor, John Christie and others spoke in regard to the necessity of looking after the voters' lists and maintaining a perfect organization for the next Provincial election. London West Schools.— The April (1889) report of the schools of London West was as follows : — On Roll. D'lyAv. IstDiv., W. H. Liddicoat 48 ;)9 2nd " Miss E. Douglass , 45 42 3rd " Miss C. A. Jeffery 58 51 4th " MissAdaPlatt |!600,00(); dividend of 5 per cent, payable June, 1889, $600,000. 6r»-4 HISTOHY OF THE Amount reserved for bauk buildings in course of construction, $50,000 — total, 81,250,000, Balance of profit and loss carried forward, S817,- 417.53. Repeal of the Scott Act. — Returning Officer Wm. St,anley and Clerk W. Porte completed the official count of the ballots polled in the vote in the County of Middlesex on the Canada Temperance Act, at the City Hall, and gave the raai.rity for repeal as 2,538. Following are the official figures by muni( palities : — TOWNSHIPS. M--p*»ty- ZZl. the Act. A^tt. Si: Adelaide 235 143 92 Biddulph 407 57 350 Caradoc 397 140 257 Dorchester North 303 188 115 Delaware 135 85 40 Ekfrid 269 129 140 London 683 454 229 Lobo 159 238 ... 79 McGillivray 348 205 143 Metcalfe 179 64 115 Mosa 170 09 101 NissouriWest 158 232 ... 74 Westminster 542 451 91 WilUamsEast 127 112 15 Williams West 115 58 57 Totals 4,227 2,625 1,745 153 TOWNS AND VILLAGES. Ailsa Craig 74 25 59 Glencoe 98 35 73 London East 295 78 217 London West 159 57 102 Lucan 127 8 119 Newbury 54 9 44 Strathroy 343 90 253 Parkhill 114 39 75 Wardsville 40 16 24 1,304 357 966 Total vote polled 8,513 Total vote against the Act 5,531 Total vote for the Act 2,982 Total majority against the Act 2,711 Oood Templars. — At the meeting of Rescue Lodge, No. 11, of the I. 0. G. T., in the spring of 1889, the following officers were installed COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. r,55 for the ensuing term by George Harj^er, L. D., as Grand Cliief Templar, assisted by Mr. Hardy, of Lifeboat Lodge, No. 8, Toronto, as Grand Marshal:— F. H. Wright, C.T.; Nellie Telfer, R.H.S.; Alice Watson, L. H. S. ; Emma (Jroves, V. T. ; Al. Hodgins, recording secretary ; Carrie Wright, assistant secretary ; Minnie Galpin, financial secretary ; Harry Hearaan, treasurer; Mary Men-itt, chaplain; Fred. Groves, marshal; Lizzie Merritt, deputy marshal; Lizzie Drew, guard; T. Copeland, sentinel ; J. Bryan, P. C. T. This lodge added fourteen new members to its list during the spring quarter of 1889. A very pleasing incident of this meeting was the presentation of prizes to the three members bringing in the most members during the quarter. 656 HISTORY OF THE CHAPTER XLI. SUNDRY HISTOKICAL NOTKS. Early Hems. — It may not be generally known that elk once made this part of what is now known as Soutliern Ontario their home ; but the exact date when they did so can hardly be arrived at. The earliest settlers who came in, about 1820 or before, give no account of having ever seen any. But there is positive proof that these fine deer once roamed along the flats of our own Bear ( "reek. In the fall of 1887, Jno. R. Thompson, whilst doing some work on his laud on the flats of the creek above the mill jtond, uncovered a well preserved specimen of an elk's horn. It is now in the possession of L. H. Smith, and may be seen by any person taking an interest iu natural history affecting this part of the country. It is impossible to say its age, but consider- ing that it was covered with several inches of vegetable earth, perhajis it is safe to say it was nioie than a hundred years since it adorned the head of the noble buck. Another horn was dug up on that part of Victoria street, south of the Maitland street school-house, at the time that part of the street was ditched. While some men were engaged in removing a large oak tree on the route of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, on the farm of Mr. Henry Edwards, I-ot 10, Con. '1, Lobo, early in 1880, they came across some three or four skeletons buried directly under where the tree had stood. The tree is supposed to be 150 years old, being but little larger now than when Mr. Edwards took possession, nearly fifty years ago. A number of flint arrowheads and other articles were also found at the same plfice. A immber of human bones, consisting of a skull and other parts, were taken from a cut on the Canadian Pacific Railroad lately, near Newbury. The remains are said to be those of an Indian who was buried there about thirty years ago. Small Tmvns. — Glen Oak had a population of thirty in 1888. L. J. Hixon was postmaster and general dealer, while Joe Whitker had a boot and shoe store. Ettrick claimed in 1888 a population of sixty. A. J. Thompson was postmaster and saw-mill proprietor, while Wm. Fuller also owned a .) acres per mile. To the Lake Manitol)a Kailroad & (Janal Co., 6,000 acres per mile from Portage La Prairie to the southern bound iry of Lake Manitoba, about seventeen miles. Church Appointments. — The a])pcintments to Apj)in and Tait's Corners Presbyterian Churches for two months in the spring of ISfS'.* were as follows: — April 21, Kev. A. Hudson; Ajiril 28, Kev. E. Mc- Auley ; May 5, Kev. W. H. Geddes; May 12, Kev. W. A. Stewait; May 19, Kev. George Yeomans ; May 26, Kev. W. McKay ; June 2, Mr. Thomas Nattrass (gi-aduate) ; .Tune 0, Kev. A. McKenzie. Gleneoe Lacrosse Club — At a largely attended meeting held in LS89, the Gleneoe Oaks Lacrosse (.'lul) was reorganised, and was officered by the following gentlemen for the season : — J. M, Tait, president ; I). D. Black, vice-president ; A. ^IcLean, treasurer ; I). Stuart, secretary ; F. Carter, captain. The committee secured the grounds ojijiosite the station for the season. Entomology. — One of the most inviting intellectual retreats in London is the headquarters of the Entomological Society in the Young Glen's Christian Association building on Clarence street. The room ])resents to the visitor a strikingly bright and cheerful a})pearance. The library, from very small beginnings, has grown into a handsome and valuable collection, containing some hundreds of well bound volumes treating of subjects in natural history, and especially of the gi'eat and multiplex family of bugs in their relation to agricultural in- dustries. The collection of insects also is most interesting to tho.se who have pursued the study of entomology. It comprises thousands of specimens gathered not only in home fields, forests and gardens, but brought from far-oH" countries — all classified and named according to their order and functions in the course of nature. Ainong the appli- ances of the society h a fine microscope, costing $500, and a great variety of objects for examination. All this is the result of the intelli- gent labor of a few citizens enthusiastic in the study of nature, as ex- emplified at their " bug meetings," participated in by E. B. Keed, Wra. Saunders, J. M. Denton and others, aided, of course, by an annual COUNTY OF iMIUDLESEX. (i(;7 grant of money from the Ontario Government, and the active co- operation of other enthnsiastic professors and students in other jjaits of tlie jirovince. The records of the society, as edited for pubhcation by E. ]>. lieed, form a large accumulation of vahiable facts and deduc- tions of practical use to farmer.? and fruit growers ; and the members of the society are agreeably astonished at the interest which the farmers of this district are taking in their work, and express special apjmiciatiou of the favorable interest which the Hon. Mr. Drury, Minister of Agri- cuHnre. has shown in it. Old Folks' Concert. — The choir, under tlie direction of Mr. T. Allen, gave an old folks' concert in the Cnngregational Church in the spring of 1.S89. The aflair was a success in all respects, and the pro- gramnie, a highly ajtpropriate one, was rendered with admirable sjiirit. The costumes were very attractive, and the opening tableau, in which all appeared, showed up well. The cjist was as follows : — Tyme beater, Squire Verity, T. Allen ; harpsichordist, Hiram Huckleberry, A. Allen ; Mehitabel Abigail Speedwell, Miss Allen; Mistress Amaryllis Kose- mary, Miss C. Freeland; Phyllis Buttercup, Miss Tralford; Charity Hayseed, Miss E. Emory ; Dorothea Dumpkius, Miss Hargreaves ; Ruth liosebud, ^liss Stevens ; Barbara Jingles, Miss Pink ; .Alistress Pluebe Contralti, Miss Rendell ; Damsd Singsong, Miss Wrigliton; Dame L. AVilloughby, Mrs. Pink ; Miriam Tieccop, Miss K. Greenway ; Patience Parminter, Miss E. Hourd ; Hoi)e Blossom, Miss M. Sweeney ; Bart. Bumblebee, H. Freeland ; Ix)rd Dunraven, W. llowlands ; Sir John Barleycorn, H. Roberts ; Reuben Mainbrace, j\Ir. Pink ; Obadiah Swiftfoot, W. Moule ; Felix Goodhope, C. Freeland ; Anthony Heavy- tone, A. Hourd ; Dry Bones, the Weeper, W. Allen. London Cncket Club. — The meeting of the London Cricket Club was held in 1889, and a large number were present and the utmost enthusiasm prevailed. In the unavoidable absence of the president the chair was taken by G. B. Han-is. The secretary rep(jrted meinbei-ship as follows: — Patrons, thirty; players, seventy-four ; juniors, six; non- residents, one; total, 111 members. The treasurer reported subscrip- tions as follows : — Patrons (4), $40 ; members (o5), .^275 ; juniors (2), S4; total cash on hand, Sol!!. The agreement with the Tecumseh Base Ball Association was read and discussed at length, and finally passed with a few trifling .alterations. Another oH'er of a cricket ground was made and discussed, and referred to the gi'ound committee for report as to ways and means. The question of club colors was debated and postponed for the aiTival of further samples. The pro- position to join the Ontario Cricket Association was carried unanimously and the subscription was ordered to be remitted. Responses from Middlesex cricketers willing to join the county eleven were read, and further responses were awaited. The county match and the man-ied vs. single match were approved. The challenge of the New York (Staten Island) club was accepted for August 15 and 10 on the Tecum- seh Park. The challenge of the Hamilton Junior Eleven for July 3 608 HISTOUY OF THE was also iicceiited, also on tl)3 Tecimsch ground. The secretary was authorized to conclude the purchase of the materials ot the London South club for 820. Insurance Ah7U,4()8,.'>22 ; American companies, !j448,81l>,4o2. The jiremiums charged u]ion this 1145 million dollars of insurance amounted to §6,402,6(18. Of this the companies received net §5,440,009, and the net cash paid for losses was §3,076,282. The pro](irtion of losses to premiums was considerably less than in 1 887. In !./. insurance, eleven Canadian, sixteen British, and thirteen Ameri- Ciin companies operated in Canada in 1888. The policies in force and the amounts were : — POLICIES. AMOUNT.*?. Canadian companies 72,203 3114,034,279 Briti.sh com])anies 14,724 30,l)6r),46o American companies 46,731 67.724,094 Totals for 1888 133,668 212,423,838 Totals for 1887 118,113 191,694,270 Increase in yeiir 15,555 20,729,568 The total premiums paid during the year amount to $6,560,218, being an increase of $558,813 on the premiums paid the previous year. Tlui Lawyers' Banquet. — The banquet tendered to Mr. Justice Street, at the London Club, by the bar of the County of IMiddlesex, in the spring of 1889, was a brilliant success. The various speeches were of an interesting character, those of Col. Shanly and Justice Street lieing especially so, referring as they did to the old-time associations of both. Among those present were the following gentlemen : — Col. Shanly (chairman), Justice Street, W. K. jMeredith, Q. C, 11. Bayly, Q. C, Colin McDougall, Q. C, Hon. David Mills, J. H. Flock, G. C. Gibbons, W. H. Bartram, T. G. Meredith, I, F. Hellmuth, V. Cronyn, Jas. Magee, J. B. McKillop, F. W. Thomas, E. Meredith. Q. C, R. A. Meredith, E. T. Essery, F. Love, T. H. Purdora, Talbot Macbeth, Col. Macbeth, E. II. Cameron, Eraser (Wallaceburg), Duncan McMil- lan, Fred. Harper, John McDonald, A. Stuart (Glencoe), Emerv (Petrolea), A. B. Cox, H. S. Blackburn, B. H. Tennent, W. A. Proud- foot, N. P. Graydon, Sheriff Glass, P. Mulkern, J. H. A. Beattie, M. D. Fraser, C. Jarvis, and many others. Several of these gentlemen contributed songs, which were heartily received. All present enjoyed the banquet greatly. Scott Act at Strathroy. — The following is the result of the town vote in the several polling sub-divisions at the close of the polls on Thursdav : — COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. (;6() No. 1 ^l7 ^«*]5^'- :: n ••••• 21 27 •^ 9 (14 90 343 Mnjority against the Act 253 The following was the town vote in June, 1«85, when the Act was passexi : — Div. No. 1 '?^- ^^tr " 2 ;..:..:;:: 47 ^ 3 3(] 34 " 4 43 u 5 35 24 6 36 15 „ . . o 2;!2 109 Majority for the Act I2;j Ditt'erence in the two votes 37G Glencoe Spring Fair.~The Glencoe semi-annual live stock fair held there m the spring of 1889 was, as usual, well attended by larmers from the surrounding country. Not a dozen cattle, however were ofiered for sale, but there was a large display of entire horses and tarrn machmery. In horses some fine Percheron, Clydesdale General purpose and blood animals were shown, the exhibition bein<' equal in this respect to that of any previous fair. It was the acents' oppor- tunity to reach the farmer, and many sales were made of farm machinery A new sulky plow, manufactured bv Thom's Implement \v orJcs,_ Watford, attracted a good share of attention, bein" one of the latest improvements in farm machinery. It was simple, and any ordinary walking plow could be attached very easily. A Chatham taiiniiig-inill was exhibited with bagging attachment. This also was something new. Good exhibitions were made of machinery by local agents, among whom were Bayne Bros., W. Coyne, D. I). Thompson A. Hyndman, J. McAlpine, N. McKellar, D. Cobie and Mr. Black ' independent Order of Foresters.— thGheadqmTters of the Inde- pendent Order of Foresters was established on the corner of Bay and King streets, Toronto, in 1889, where the supreme chief ranger UT. Uronhyatekha, was m command, with four lady assistants, in charge of the various departments into which tlie business is divided ihe Order is only in its eighth year, yet the progress made i.<< remarkable, under Dr. Oronhyatekha's management. It started with 670 HISTOUY OF THE ii iiiembevsliip of loss than 4()0 and a debt of 84,000. The ineniher- slii]) in the sjninf^of IS.SU was l.'t.OOO, and the surplus in the treasury 8106,774.74, invested us follows: — Post Oflice Savint,'s Bank, Ottawa S 11 ,779 5() Dominion Savinj^s Bank, London 10,871 02 Ontario Loan and Debenture Co., London 2l,")80 08 Canada rernianent, Toronto 5,000 Oi) Bank of Toronto, Toronto I(),;ifi7 10 Bank of Briti.sh North America, London 10,0(tO (10 Huron and Erie Loan Co., London 10,000 00 School and Municipal Debentures 17,179 98 Freeholds. & L. Co 10,000 00 Besides this magnificent showing;, §250,000 was paid to widows and orjihans, not to sjieak of the benefits and medical attendance re- ceived by the sick from time to time. The security given by the Order i.s ample and systematic. No cheque, unless signed by the seven Tucmbers of the executive council, can be civshed, and with resj)ect to tlie ordinary fund, the checjue must be signed by the supreme chief ranger, secretary and auditor. The number of lodges under the juris- diction of the High Court was 40(j, and the Order was growing rapidly. Tlie sujjreme chief ranger deserves great credit, for the Order has risen so rapidly and has made such strides into pojiular favor as to leave no room for doubt that its past progress is as nothing to what will take place within the next decade. Death Statistics. — The number of deaths per 1,000 of po])ulatiou for the leading cities of the Dominion is shown in the following official figures for 1887, except Hamilton, which is for 1888 : — CITIE.S. POPULATION. Hamilton 44,229 Montreal 198,700 Toronto 120,109 Quebec 64,092 Halifax 40,000 Ottawa 37,000 St. John, N.B 28,110 London 20,315 Winnipeg 21,257 The Methodists. — The Transfer Committee of the General Confer- erence of the Methodist Church met April 4, 1889, in the Metropolitan (Jhurch at Toronto. The following were transferred to Toronto Con- ference : — Revs. W. L. Scott, from Bay of Quinte ; P. Si)arling, from Guelph; J. H. Holmes, from Guelph ; E. Crummey, from Montreal; J. F. Ockley, from Bay of (,)uinte ; J. V. Smith, from Loudon ; S. T. Bartlett. from London. TOT.M, DEATHS DEATHS. PER 1,000 749 10. 0,(151 30.74 2,441 1934 1,818 28.30 727 18.19 813 21.90 589 20.95 425 10.15 522 24.55 COUNTY OK MIDDLESKX. 071 Into London — Ri'vs. John Leavoyd, from Vtiiy of Quinte ; A. S. Gallon, from Toronto ; A. C. Comticc, from Toronto; S. Bond, from Montreal; J. V. Kice, from Toronto; .1. W. Andrews, from Bay of Quinte. Into Niii<»ara — lieva. Jas. Awde, from Montreal; John Wood, from London ; J. Jacksoti, from Manitoba. Into Guelph — Dr. Henderson, from Montreal. Into Bay of Quinte— Bevs. T. H. Griflith, Ph. IX, from Toronto ; J. M. Hodson, from London ; R. Johnston, from Guelph. Into Montreal — Revs. S. 1*. Rose, from Niaj^ara ; J. Davies, from Bay of Quinte ; William Harris, from Niaf;;ara ; Geo. S. Reynolds, from Bay of Quinte ; Dr. Ryckman, from London ; J. M. Tredrey, from New Brtmswick and Prince Edward Island. Into Manitoba — Revs. Albert C!. Crews, from Niagara ; John Stew- art, from Montreal ; J. J. Leach, from Piay of Quinte ; J. A. Mussel, from Montreal ; J. W. Sparhng, from Montreal; F. J. Oaten, from Toronto ; W. R. Jamieson, from Toronto ; C. A. Procunier, from Niaj^ara ; J. W. Runions, from Montreal ; S. R. Brown, from Mon- treal ; John Tozeland, from Bay of (Juinte. Into British Columbia — Rev. W. D. Wisner, from Niagara. Into Nova Scotia — Rev. J, P. Heald, from Newfoundland. Ddirying Interests. — The following table of the comparative quantity of cheese and butter exported from Canada in the years 18Gt>, lH8i), 1S8G and 1888 will show better than any amount of words to what an extent the butter industry has fallen otf and the cheese interest has increased : — CHEESE EXPOUTS. Years. Weight in \h<<. 1869 (i,lll,482 1883 58,04l,;}87 1886 78,000.000 1888... more than 78,500,000 BUTTER EXPORTS. Years. Weight in lbs. 1809 10,853,268 1883 8,106,447 1880 4,500,000 1888 about 1,500,000 Odd felloivs' Annual Statement. — The following is a statement of the work of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Ontario, for the term ending December 31, 1888, and is taken from the Grand Secre- tary's yearly report ; — Installed during the year, 1,790 ; admitted by card, 1")1 ; re-installed, 161 ; grand total, 2,102. The number of members who were suspended, withdrew, expelled or died during the year was 1,402 ; leaving a net increase of 700 members. Member- ship on December 31, 1888, 10,053. Number of Pa.st Grands, 2,900 ; number of degrees conferred, 4,913. The total number of brothers who received sick benefits was 1,951 ; number of widows who re- ceived benefits, 29;> ; number of orphans who received benefits, 95 ; number of wives of brothers died, 78. The amount paid in sick benefits was S30,009.37 ; amount paid for surgeons' fees and nursing, • '.72 IIISTOUY OF niE 85,302.32; amount paid for widows' IwuislitH, !!40,616, and the total ex- penditure §23,729,291, leaving a surplus of §4,211,325 at the present time. Besides the above statement on consolidated fund account, there was expended on capital account, in March, §2iS2,288, and in the nine months, §3,8iS7,693, made up thus : — Public works, railways and canals, §2,993,322 ; Dominion lands, §76,702 ; railway subsidies, §799,- 200 ; rebellion account, §18,40!». The total gross debt of the Dominion on the 31st of March was §287,889,980. Deducting from this the investments in sinking funds and otherwise, the Provincial, the miscellaneous and banking accounts a total of §53,016,343 of assets, the net debt remains at §234,873,637. Strathroy Mechanics' Imditute. — The annual meeting of the members of the Strathroy Mechanics' Institute was held in the rooms in the spring of 1889, at which there was a fair attendance of tliose interested in its welfare. The report, read by Secretary Greeuaway, showed that the organization was in a healthy and flourishing con- dition, and that much interest was tiiken in the work by the citizens generally. From the report, which was for the year ending May 1, 1889, are culled the following particulars : — COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX. 673 UKCKins. Uiilaiico on hand ^ ;iO 52 Mt'inbc'i's' I'eiiM JOL' 75 Legislative grant fur mcmbershii) nO Oit " " lilmiry ir.O 00 " " imlin^'-room 50 00 Municipal <,Maiit , loo 00 Locturtis and cntcrtainnionts 128 00 Other sourcos G7 00 Total >i(77S 27 UIsnUUSKMKNTS. Kent, light and heating ja; 77 r.4 Salaries II7 45 Hooks, not fiction 29.S 94 " fiction ;J9 17 Magazines, ])apera, etc lOO 77 Lectures and entertainments 115 (;i> Miscellaneous If, 4;^ Balance on hand i;-j 35 Total ,^778 27 STOCK AND ASSKT.S. Furniture and appliances ijit lOO 00 Books in library 3^800 00 Cash in hand 13 35 The nieniborship on May 1, ISHO, was 33S. No. of volumes jjurcliased in 18S8-9 :— Biography, 18 ; fiction, 45 ; history, 15 ; miscellaneous, 40; general literature, 09 ; poetry and' drama, ; religious literature, G ; science and art, 5 ; voya<'es and travels, 7 ; works of reference, 2 ; total, L'4G. '" No. of volumes in the library :—r,iograpiiy, 211; fiction, 1,026; history, .".64 ; miscellaneous, 407 ; general literature, 302 ; poetry and drama, 107 ; religious literature, 142 ; science and art, 27.S ; voyages and travels, li)0; works of reference, 85 ; total, 3,112. No, of volumes issued during the year :— I '.iography, 162 ; fiction, 5,030; history, :!35; miscellaneous, 409; general literature, 655; poetry and drama, 102 ; religious literature, 144; science and art, 260 ; voyages and travels, 2711; works of reference, 15; total, 7,39 L. The reading-room is ojjcu every day, Sundays excepted, from ;'..30 to 9 p. m., and on the tables are to be found the following : Daily Papers.— Toronto Globe, Empire, Mail, and World, London Free Press, and Advertiser, Montreal Witness, Detroit Free Press, and New York Tribune. Weekly Pajjers.—London Times, Strathroy Dispatch and Ane, Scientific American, Tlie Week, Gnp, and Punch. 674 HISTOUY OF THE 'Magfiziiios. — Harper's Monthly, and Yo^nu/ People, The Centimj, and ScribDcr'n. En<,'lisli. — llhidrated Maf/azitic, Chambers's Jour- nal, London Society, St. Nicholas, and The Ededic. Otlier ruiiers. — Illustrated Loiulon Neics, Graphic, and Harper's Weekly. The officers were elected as follows: — President, I). L. Leitch ; vice president, lie v. L. DesBrisay ; treasurer, J. H. Mcintosh; secre- tary and lihrarian, C. Greonaway ; directors, J. E. Wetherell, D. W. Vary, D. Evans. Rev. T. JMacadam. It. F. liichardson, J. Heard, E. Rowland, Miss Balnier, and Miss It. Itohertson. Aticiod Order United Workmen. — The membership account of the entire order, accordiiifj to the jurisdictions, is summarized as fol- lows :— New York, 2!l,077 ; Missouri, 20,70r) ; Ilhnois, 20,G68 ; Cali- fornia, 17,964; Ontario (Canada), l(>,Or)0 ; Pennsylvania, l',l,."!14; Ma.ssachusetts, 14,121); Michigan, 13,732; Kansas, 12,'.)3o ; Wiscon- sin, 6,73(1; Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, 5,885; ^linncsota, 5,525; Nebra.ska, 5,115; Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona, 4,350; Oregon and Washington Territory, 4,200 ; Iowa, 3,68(1 ; Ohio, 3,658 ; Nevada, 3,465 ; Indiana, 2,544 ; Texas, 2,480 ; Tennes.see, 2,31(i ; Georgia, Alabama, Mississii))>i, North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida, 1,'.J50; Kentucky, 1,475, making a grand total of 213,'.)62 in good standing at date of Dec. 31, 1888. The jurisdiction of Ontario made the largest gain, (113, and California suffered the greatest loss, (i'.t. Base Ball Association. — The second annual meeting of the Lon- don Athletic and Base Ball Association (limited) was held in the jNIasonic Temjjle, in the spring of 18S9. Thomas S. Hobbs, the president, was in the chair, and a fair representation of stockholders in attendance. The financial statement was presented, showing liabilities of 813,388 ; assets, :?5,9()0, and profit and loss, S7,5()0, the latter amount being less than the figures obtainable for the ditl'ereiit players if put on the market. The statement was adopted without discussion. The president explained at considerable length the steps which had been taken during the spring to strengthen the team, and felt that, although hard luck had been their jiortion for a few days past, the club would demonstrate to the citizens of London before many weeks elapsed that they were able to ccjie with the best of the many good teams in the Association. The election of directors resulted in the choice of the following : — Geo. S. Birrell, C. S. Hyman, Adam Beck, W. J. Reid, W. M. Gartshore, 11. C. Macfie, Thos. S. Hobb:^ and R. B. D. Nicholson. The Board subse(|uently met and re-elected Mr. Hobbs, president ; Mr. Birrell, vice-pre.'iident ; Mr. Gartshore, treasurer ; and Mr. A. ]\I. Smart, secretary. Ayainst Papal Aggression. — Taking advantage of their me<'.ting as the Transfer Committee of the Methodist Church in Canada, the principal officials of tliat denomination adojjted the following resolution in 1889 regardiu" the Jesuit Estates Bill : — COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. C 70 " We, the general supeiititeudents of tlie Methodist Church of this DoTiiiuioii, and tlie ju'esidents of the annual conferences assembled, without assuming to speak for any other men's consciences or intelli- gence than our own, and with only the dosiie to obtain righteous ends by righteous means, deem it our bounden duty to {)rotest against the aggressions of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, as we believe, to the serious prejudice of our civil and religious liberty, more especially in the recent act for the incorporation and endowment of the Jesuits, a society which has been sup])ressed in Great Britain and again and .again discpialified by imperial statutes to hold property within the l>ritish realm, and has also been expelled from all Christian and civilized lands b(!cau3e of its influence in the subversion of gov- ernment and the corrujjtion of morals, and notably from the Republic of France as lately as 187D-8(), and which society, for similar and other causes, was abolished in all the world by the Pope himself. " We further protest against the recognition of the authority of the Pope in any civil all'airs of a British Province, as we believe to be the case in this act representing the settlement of the Jesuit estates, and further, against the appropriation of public funds to ecclesiastical and secular uses, as a discrimination betwixt religious bodies, and subversive of the principle of se])aration of Church and State, as recognized in the British North America Act ; and further, we desire to declare that our aid and influence shall be given to all efforts to test the constitution- ality of these acts befoi'e the proper tribunals, and we cannot but exjiress our deep regret that the House of Commons, in its recent vote upon the subject, should have manifested so little regard to petitions asl-03C5r*l-^«?'£)^*h-i-H-t«|^0500*McO-^ ■^ f »« u-^ lA -i :0 '-^ '-O «D CO 1^ 1^ (>. '^ » ^O 00 GC 00 00 00 oc.-waDooooooooXooxccooooxooxoooo 3 so 60. ^ -5 .2 >.§ a d^ J3.a ■ a. o • a £ S o ^ 60 u O 4) cS P- 1-5 S..ll% 1^ o 3 C 2i a 2 3 (U Ch,- O fc, 2 c fc. .kj'O g ■S 3 Ss !- ac 3 3 ■£ ©is a'C a CO-^W^«C>l>"»ffSCr-ie^W'^u't«OI>-acasOr-i(MCO-ftO i-lr-lr-lrH-«r-(i-li-ii-(r-i(N i-5>-s 1-1 ffj « ■>»• COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 677 ■3 u! o J4 Strathroy. IJrigden. Corunna. Petrolea. Point Edwa Ailsa Craig. Thedford. Oil Springs. Mandauniin o o Springban Wyoming. Arkona. Camlachie Sarnia. Parkhill. o O • -D — to * .2 •" O e 5 •^ ^ ij -713 — *5 tf S " s t^ ^( o a ce ca s •;3 «feSl en ^ a .S « 19 -«1 -. 3 O "? .!^ S "^ *J o ■>-« eS ^ a , o u E 5 « o 3 c ::: « 3 ," -^ l«g O H g a ss o "2 3 .a -3 a a 2^- ■u u: a 0) ;S .- ;3 -J. _J a 12 o a ~ >• S3 sp<3 g 03 3 '^ _g «)-a o as !3 je '^ L>- ^ a o •Jl a> o O «-, »<; S to ^ 3 30 !-• t>. l^ CC ..«£> to", -/~^*_3 CO H i?.J S*^ S'S,- a Si? a -z O %o a & d rt -5 '-5 :'3 s oj O 3 goa a t S 4o« g«^' a _- (a ■ 3 a o fc « a 't: a . a ea 03 « ~ o «a >-5H>-5'-S 2! I— > ^ rH t ;-3p-H'-S r-iWMTflO«0t>.Q00;O^,rj3,5;)5, and that in only the second year of the operation of the line was tli(!re an increase of nearly S1,0(K),0()0 over the income of i(SiS7; while the operating ex- penses were !j9,;!24,7G(), giving net earnings of S !,S70,774, and a sur- plus of S.">2tl,-t2.') after ]iaying fixed cliarges. Tlie financial position of tiie company as represented in tlie report was an exceptionally strong one. The fixed charges about readied the maxiinum for a few years ; at any rate, the Act obtaineil by the coiniiany from Parliament provid- ed, for the conversion of existing obligations into per|)etual debenture four per cent, stock, by which an economy in interest would be effect- ed sufiicient to meet the charges that might arise out of any future requirements in the way of improvements, eiiuipments and facilities. The company, moreover, exhibited a very valuable asset in its land grant. Of the original grant of twenty-five million acres, there were surrendered to the Government in l>SiSG in ])art payment of the com- pany's debt, G,79o,()l4 acres, leaving a balance of 18,206, 1)86 acres, of which the large quantity of 14,8()7,5o6 acres was yet unsold. In addition, tlie company held 1,:'>0'.I,4'J4 acres in Southern Manitoba, ac- quired through tile purchase of the Manitoba South-western road, a property wliich on the average of the sales last year, S4.")4 jier acre, was worth §5,944,800, and against which the only lien was .S884,S7-"> to the Government ot Manitoba. These land grants, on the basis of last year's sales, were worth no less than 855,000,000, a sum ample to extinguish the land grant mortgages and the whole of the first mort- gage bonds of the company, and the value of the property steadily enhances as settlement extends and the public lauds are taken up. The report affords an indication of the gratifying improvement in North-west prospects, tlie totiil number af acres sold by the com[)any in the first four months of the year 1888 having been 72,441 for .3259,- 922, as against 24,970 acres for !?80,869 in the corresponding period of 1887. ... District Methodic Meeting. — The general business meeting of the London district of the London Conference convened in Pall Mall street Methodist Church, May 23, 1889, with Kev. Dr. Kyckmau in the chair, and llev. S. J. Alliu acting as secretary. There were also in attendance the following delegates : — Ministerial — Rev. J. G. Scott, J. V. Smith, K. I'. Laiiceley, -Tohn Holmes, S. G. Livingston, H. A. ; Alex. Langfonl, Charles Smith, C. C. Couzens, W. W. Edwards, J. E. Ford, Reuben Millyard, C. W. Brown, B. A. ; John Beale. Lay — Messrs. R. J. C. Dawson, C. J. Beale, W. H. McCutcheon, W. D. Buckle, J. Friend, A. B. Campbell, \V. F. Connor, W. J. Gibbling, R. W. Jack- son, E. F. Hunt, VV. M. liaker, Ifobert Bodkin, T. S. Minton. The schedule reports from tlie different circuits in the district were then received : — Queen's Avenue — Membership 517, increa.se 14, total amount raised, !?l:3,249.56. Dundas Centre — Membership 550, incease COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. C7i) 120, total amount raised, §0,200. Hamilton Road — Meniberslii]) 112, increase 9, total amount raised S1,G27.20. St. Johns — Membership 1(11, increase 1, total amount raised S1,103.."J2. Elizabeth Street — Membership 160, increase 45, total amount raised Sl,2.'j().7.">. London South — Membership 3(1(1, increase 32, total amount raised 84,29 1.3(S. Siloam — Membership 201, decrease 4, total amount raised S2,13G.2.S. Pall Mall — Membership 178, increase 10, total amount raised S3,118.- 51. IJorchestei'— Membership 371, decrease 1, total amount collected S3,208.!l4. Lambetli — Membership 274, decrease 0, total amount raised .?1, 245.70. Westminster — Membership 385, decrease 8, total amount raised 81,864.53. Thorndale — Membershij) 277, decrease 25, total amount raised Sl,iS'.('.'.43. Delaware — Membership 224, increase 4, total amount raised, 8954.2(S. Wellington Street — Membership 273, decrease 40, total amount raised 82,730.93. King Street — Member- ship 205, increase 40, total amount raised .83,373.(32. London West — Membership 252, increase 75, total amount raised 81,847.59. These returns ])laced the total membership of the district at 4,511, an increase of 2(19 as com])ared with 1888. The largest increase is in Diindas Centre Church (120) ; where Evangelist Crossley held service!* during the winter. The total amount collected for all purposes in the district was 854,994.20, a satisfactory increase over the previous year. Delegates to the difl'erent Conference Committees were appointed as follows : — Stationary — llev. Reuben Millyard. Sabbath School — Rev. J. E. Ford and Layman E. S. Hunt, Lay Delegates to Conference — R. J. C. Dawson, C. J. Beale, John Friend, Thos. Minton, J. Wheaton, Thos. Bedgood, W. Henderson, W. Heaman. li. Davis, W. Yates, R. Bodkin, W. H. McCutchcon, W. D. Buckle, Wm. Orme, A. V. Campbell, W. J. Gilling, A. Westman, Thos. Minton, R. W. Jackson, F. Lewis, J. B. Lane, John Mill, E. Hunt, C. Sifton, W. M. Baker, T. Webster, Dr. Eccles, W. H. Winnett, H. Hender.son, Chas. Thorne, Wm. Blinn, W. Gib.son, J. F. Jetfers. Lay Delegate to Missionary Committee — R. J. C. Dawson. Revs. Messrs. Lmgford, J. G. Scott and Mr. R. J. C. Dawson were appointed a committee to confer with Delaware and Westminster, and report at next district meeting. Rev. Dr. Sanderson moved the following resolution, seconded by Rev. J. G. Scott, which carried amidst applause. " 1. That tliis London District meeting solemnly and earnestly pro- test against the permitted aggressions of the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, to the serious prejudice of our civil and religious liberty. More especially do we protest against the recent acts jmssed by the Legislature of Quebec, and not disallowed, as they should have been, by our Dominion Government, for the incorporation and for the endow- ment of the Jesuits — a society which has been suppressed in Great Britain, and again and again dis(iualified by Imperial statutes to hold jiroperty within the British realm, and which society further has b ii 680 HtSTOKY OF THE expelled from nciavly all Christian and civilized countries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, because of its influence in the subversion of governments and the corruption of morals, and notably from the rie])ublic of France, within the last ten years ; and whicli society, for similar and other causes, was abolished in all the world by the Pope himself — an authority now claiming to be inf\xllible. " 2. We further protest against the recognition of the authority of the Po))e in any civil affairs of a British province, as a dishonor done to our Queen, as in the Jesuits' Estates Act ; and, further, against the apiiro])riation of public funds to ecclesiastical and secular uses, as a discrimination betwixt religious bodies and subversive of the j)rinciple of sei)aration of Church and State recognized in the British North America Act ; and we further declare that our best aid and our unceasing influence shall be given to all legitimate efforts to test the constitutionality of these acts before the ])roper tribunals. '• 3. Whilst thus moderately setting forth our conviction and deter- mination, we disclaim all intention and desire to interfere with the rights of our Roman Catholic fellow-citizens in civil and religious nuitters, conceding to them, to their fullest extent, what we claim for ourselves, but not a jot beyond. We desire earnestly the peace and prosperity of our coinitry, and righteously cast upon aggressors the responsibility for disasters, which we gravely apprehend will ensue. We stand for the honor of the Crown, the equality of rights, the liberty of the subject, and the full freedom of worship according to the dictates of conscience ; and, whatever the cost may be, by the grace of God we will stand for these to the end." Loyal Oranrje Association. — The members of the Royal Scarlet Chajiter of London held their regular meeting in the Orange Hall, Alechanics' Institute, on Saturday evening, the 18th of May, 1889. Three candidates were exalted to the degree of Sir Knight Companion of the Royal Scarlet. The beautiful and impressive ceremony and excniplificatiou of the degree was accomplished in a very able manner. After the usual routine of business was disposed of the election of oflicors was then proceeded with, resulting as follows : — Sir Knight R. A. Smith, worr-hiijful companion in command ; Sir Knight Wm. Brodison, excellent com^ianion in command ; Sir Knight R. D. H. Hillier, companion chaplain ; Sir Kniglit Samuel Cardwell, companion scribe; Sir Knight Hugh Newell, companion treasurer; Sir Knight F. H. Wright, herald-at-arms ; Sir Knight Samuel Young, inward herald ; Sir Knight -lohn Turriff, outward herald. Sundry Notes, — The deaths in Beaver Lodge, Strathroy, are re- corded as follows: — Hugh Fraser, 1804; Timothy Cook, 1805; John Frank, 1886 ; Abel Wilcox, 1864 ; E. H. Smith, 1867 ; Donald Rob- inson, 1882 ; Joseph G. Small, 1871* ; Wm. Henderson, 1800 ; Geo. Lagenby, 1872 ; W. J. Bradley, 1868 ; R. C. Scatcherd, 187'.» ; Jame Harv('^', 1871; Ur. James Mothersill, 1877; Robert C. McGregor, 1871; Wm. Long, 1875; John D. Lauler, 1879; Thomas L. Arm- COUNTY OK MIDKLESEX. 681 .nn- stvoiig, 1887; Ilev. James Siiiytho, 1,S79; Robert Bentley, 1S78 ; liobert Afoore, 1876; Hamilton llowe, 1SS2; James McNeece, 12, all of which was ex])ended except S515.32. The assets amounted to 821,209.81, of which 8l7,28U.t')8 represented the ground, church and parsonage buildings. In Octolier, 187S, John Hawkey, of Parkhill, secured the contract for the stage route between Strathroy and Parkhill. In 1800, George Orchard established the Medical Hall at Strath- roy. Ten years latter W. T. Dya? & Co. were the proprietors. The name Canada is derived from the Iroquois — Kannata, or love of cabins. This definition is accepted by Charlevoix in his " His- torie de la Nouville France," and, with him as an authority, the defini- tion may be acceiited as the origin of the name, although Aca Nada — " here is nothing " — was applied by the Spaniards, and also El Cape di Nada — "Cajjc Nothing" — was also used by them. John Buttery, fruit-tree mu'sery near Strathroy ; Timothy Cook was merchant and miller ; Hiram Dell was merchant ; Ptige & Man- son, merchants, in 1850. The ministers of the Strathroy churches in 1872 were: — Eev. O'Shea, of the Catholic ; Rev. T. Cosford, of tlie Wesleyan Methodist ; Rev. H. Dockham, of the Methodist Episcopal ; Rev. D. Baldwin, of the Regular Baptist ; Rev. J. W. P. Smith, of the English Church ; and Rev. R. Saul, of the New Jerusalem (,'hurch. The corner-stone of the Methodist Church of Strathroy, corner of Front and ]\Iaria streets, was placed on Dominion Day, 1879, and dedicated Jan. 11, 1880 — eighteen years and one day after the old frame church building on North street was begun. The cost was $16,- 500. Mrs. Carroll, wife of Charles Carroll, hanged herself near Strath- roy, Oct. 1, 1887. Patrick McDonough, who came from Ireland in 1830, and in 18.'i7 settled in London Townshiii, served the following winter against the Patriots. In 1838 he entered business at London, but the campaign .so injured his health he retired shortly after, and died in 1844. Com- modore McUonough, of the first United States navy, was his uncle. His son, Thomas, occupies the old homestead in London Township. fnexpeded Death in AmjviAtt, 1888. — Henry A. Smith, late of Her Majesty's Inland Revenue Department, died unexpectedly in August, 1888. Probably no man was better or more favorably known in London than this gentlemati, who had been engaged in the hardware business for a number of years previous to his appointment in the Inland Revenue department in this city, some twenty-three years ago. He founded the hardware business cai'rietl on under the name of Smith 43 682 HISTOKY OF TliE & Chapman, and wliich is now owned and conducted by his two sons, W. H. & C. R. Smith. At the time of his death Mr. Smith occupied the position of vice-presiilont of the Ijondou Furniture Company. Thomas Walden (or Walder), a native of Cavan County, Ireland, and an old settler of liondon Township, died April 28, 18.S6. James Cavey, who left Ireland in 1839, and travelled from Quebec to the 7th Concession of London that year, died in May, 1882. Thomas. R. Haskett, a pioneer of the Kith Concession of London, died in September, 1887, in his 74th year. The CatJiolic Record says : — " On the 8th inst., Mr. Patrick Mur- tagh, an old and highly esteemed resident of London, died at his resi- dence in this city, in October, 1888, in the 63rd year of his age. He was a native of Ledwithstown, County Longford, Ireland. He has been in Canada forty years, thirty-three of which he had been in the service of Bishop Hellmuth." Mrs. Eliza Griffith, who settled with her husband in 1854 on the spot where stands the William Street Memorial Church, died Decem- ber 8, 1887. She was a workhouse matron in England, and subse- quently owned the Litchfield Lunatic Asylum. Alex. Purdom, who came here from Scotland in 1849, and entered the employ of James Elliott, died in 1882. In later years he erected Labatt's brewery, St. James's Church, in London South, and the re- fractory buildings at the asylum. Isaac Waterman, a Bavarian, settled at London in 1858, and, with his brother, Herman, was interested in the early oil refineries. On the 2ord of July, 1888, another of London's oldest and most esteemed residents, Mrs. Julia McCauslatid, relict of the late Andrew McCauslaud, was called to her reward. She was a native of the County of Longford, Ireland, and came to Montreal in the year 181^2. In 1835 she removed to London, where she was married to Mr. McCaus- land, whose death occurred nine years ago. Charles Davidson, an early settler of London, died February 7, 1874. John Gurd of Fermoy, Ireland, who settled at London in 1842, died in 1882. Rebecca Gurd, who settled in London in 1842, came from the South of Ireland that year; she died in May, 1887. Geo. Holman, an old resident of London, died at Toronto in -Tune, 1869. His son George was then connected with the Holman Opera troupe. James Glen, whose death took place in November, 1887, came to London with a British regiment in- the forties. In September, 1874, a boy of eight summers, Alexander Gibson, shot and killed his sister Kate. The affair occurred at Hugh Rankin's house during a " paring bee." Mrs. F. Becraft, of London West, was fatally burned on September 16, 1882. To obtain land in early times, it was necessary to visit Colonel Talbot, and the settlers had to make the journey to his place at Port Talbot along the North street and connecting roads. The Colonel held COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 683 3rabei' a patent of the lands, and upon the settlers going to li'in ho would secure a lot for them. Angus Guini, who in 1881 resided with his daughter in Middlesex County, near London, was the last known survivor of those who set out to settle at Fort Garry, in 1812, with Lord Selkirlc. (Jharles Macbeth, who died in 1881 at South Simcoe, was another of the men who ex- perienced the horrors of that dreadful journey. In the Presbyterian cemetery at Granton is a monument bearing the following inscription : — IN MEMORY or WILLIAM RILEY. Died Nov. 10, 1874. age 62. This world is made of crooked streets ; Death is the place all men must meet ; If money souls would buy. The rich would live and the poor would die. Here lies the body of an honest man ; Deny it who can. This Riley was known to the old settlers as Old Sebastopol, owing to the fact that he aided the French troops in building the railroad thence to Balaklava. Physicians. — The following is a list of successful candidates at the medical examinations held in the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons at Toronto in the middle of April, 188;). There were 125 candidates who successfully passed the final examinations, as follows: — W. J. Armstrong, Bayfield ; R, K. Anderson, Horny ; H. W. Arm- strong, Bailie boro'; A. E. Almas, Hagersville. F. J. Bradd, Campbellford ; J. Brown, Campbellford ; W. E. Bate- son, Cresswell ; W. W. Birdsall, Delhi ; A. E. Bolton, Portland ; J. J. Broad, Souva ; J. E. Bowman, Dundas ; H. Becker, Grief ; T. A. Bea- man, Bancroft ; E. Bull, Weston ; G. M. Bowman, Hamilton ; P. Brown, Oshawa G. B. Carbet, Orangeville ; G. K. Crosthwaite, Bartouville ; J. Campbell, Mapleton; J. H. Collins, Whitby; J.T.Campbell, Whitby; J. Carruthers, Cayuga; G. Chambers, Woodstock; C. P. Clark, St. Marys ; H. Chappie, Newcastle ; J. Crawford, Glencoe ; W. H. Clapp, Toronto ; Miss Jennie Carson, Strathroy ; J. A. Creasor, Owen Sound ; R. C. Chamonhouse, Eganville ; R. M. Cooper, London ; C. A. Clinc, Belmont ; H. N. Coutlee, Sharbot Lake ; M. C. Dewar, Toronto ; W. C. David, Kingston ; W. A. Dixon, Toronto ; G. A. Dickinson, Lyon ; John Duff, Inverary. 684 IlISTOUY (IF THE 1 i W. .1. KiiiKiv, (Iwiii Sound ; (r. V. Eiiievy, Ciuiuuiociuo ; A. R. Elliott, Hcilloville ; W. K^bi'it, Duiiiivillo ; A. T. Kinmei'soti, rctorboro' ; li. ('. S. Elliott, Tovoiito'. J. J). Eiii.ser, 8|)i>iicorvill(); T. A. Eitzoomld, Millhrook ; S. M, Fmsor, Loiuloii; A. E. L'ar.s(tii. Ottiiwii ; .1. 15. CJamble, Toronto; ¥. E. (iocH'rey, r>ul},'i'iivo ; W. I'. Gilcliri.st. IJiirrie; J. A. (.Jruenluw, Palnicrs- ton; M. E. CJilbrio, IJuswortli ; H, Onindy, Toronto. 1). Henderson, lirudford; A. H. lliiUiday, I'ort IVrry ; J. S. Hart, Wilfrid; A. E. Ilillla-r, Port El.yin ; W. E. I'larding, IJrockvilUv. L. U. Hiscon, La Sallo, N.Y.; 11. II. lloriicr. London ; J. Holdcroft, Twoetl ; ¥. 1). Harknes.s, Kingston ; C. H. Hamilton, Shelburno ; J. A. Ivny, .larvi.s; W. T. Irwin, IV-nibroke ; \V. Kerr, (iuel]ili ; O. L. Kilbara, Toledo; H. O. Lani'ear, Nc\vbnr<;; A. C. Little, I'arrie. H. ,). :\Ieiklejohn, Sterlinj^ ; W. J. Milne, I51yth ; A. J. McAuley, Erankford; W. J. jMa.xwell, lirockville; E. Meek, Alton; T.J. Alolier, South 1 )ouro ; J. T. McKilloi., 15eaclibur<^ ; T. V. McCullouj^li. Dundalk ; T. J. McNally, Walkerton ; D. McKay, Bradford; J. 1{. McCabe, Adelaide; .L V. McLaohlan, London ; .L i\[. McEarlane, Toronto ; ('. AIcLaelilan, Toronto; 1). H. Mclnto.sli, (,'arleton Place ; G. McDonald, lienfrew; T. C. Mclvitchie, Mor[)etli ; 1*. \V. H. ]McKeown, Toronto; H. ^IcKerclicr, Stittsvillo ; Miss Lsa McConville, Kingston. W. W. Nasyniith, Toronto ; H. S. Ncnthniore, Catara([ui ; W. S. Phillip, liranipton ; .J. A. Patterson, Port Elgin ; 11. H. Palmer, l)au- forth ; T. C. Patter.son, Grafton; G. S. Itennie, Hamilton; A. .1. Key- iiolds, Palnierston ; S. T. Kutherford, ^lillbank ; D. A. Hose, Toronto ; J. A. lioss, Marrie; \V. H. liankiii, (.'ollinsby ; A. A. Smith, llidge- town ; A. Stewart, Douglas; W. A. Sangster, Stoutl'ville ; E. Silver- thorne, Summerhill ; A. Y. Scott, Toronto ; E. T. Siiider, Odessa ; 11. A. Stewart, Toronto. 11. W. Topp, Bracebridge ; H. A. Turner, Millbrook ; J. L. Turn- bull, Newton ; II. A. Westly, Williamstowu ; H. Wallwin, Barrie ; H. P. Wilkias, Toronto ; J. A. Wylie, Wisbeach ; A. 1. Wilson, Berlin; E. J. Wade, Brighton; W. R. Wade, Brighton; A. E. Wills, Belleville ; H. W. Wilson, Huntley; W. M. Wright, Flesherton; J. Webster, Toronto ; H. T. H. William.s, Clandeboye; S, N. Young, Ridgetown ; H. A Yeomans, Belleville. TIte Strathroy Methudiits. — The Strathroy Methodist district meet- ing assembled in the town of Petrolea, May 2.S, 18S'.), Rev. Wm. Mc- Donagh presiding. Rev. J. G. Fallis was elected secretary, and ('•. .1. Kerr and W. ¥. Little were assistants. The laymen met the follow- ing day. Rev. A. F. Russell, B. D., was elected to the Stationing ■Committee; Rev. Geo. Brown and James Shephard were elected to the Sunday School Gommittee, and G. G. German to the Missionary Committee. Tihii following resolution was passed : — Resolved — That we, the members of this Strathroy district, in an- inml meeting assembled, hereby express our most decided di,sapproval COUNTY OF MI DOLES KX. 085 of tlio incoi-jior.ition of tlie Jcstiits in tho I'roviiiei! nf Qiicber, mid tlio {'ndownit'iit of said society from tliii ])ulilic funds. Wu lu'Iiove that iho Dominion (loveninii'iit and onr ropri'sontativos in tlio Dominion I'arliiiiruMit acted contrary to tlin interests of tliis country in not dis- allowing said endowment, and vvc honor the noble thirteen who voted for the resolution introduced by Col. 0'15rion, and wv, hereby declare that we shall withhold our su]>]port from any ])olitical ]iarty that will sell our rights for Jesuit votes and influence, and that wt: shall earn- estly contend for equal rights for all and s]iecial ]irivileges to none. We shall also hold ourselves in readiness to assist any association tliat may take the necessary stejis for testing the constitutionality of saifl incoqioration and endowment. We would also heartily commend the Toronto Mail for the course it has taken in so fearlessly and ably ad- vocating and defending the interest of the people on this great ques- tion. Went Middlesex llcfmini AssocUition. — The atnnial meeting of the West Middlesex Reform Association, as constituted for Trovincial elections, was held at Mt, IJrydges, May 28, 188'.>. The ])resident, M. McCUigan, of Caiadoc, occui>ied the chair. The first business was tho election of ofliccr.^, which resulted as follows : — President, Jas. F. Sutherland, Mount Brydges; first vice-president, A. V. McDougall, Reeve of Ekfrid; second vice-president, H. Lock wood, Delaware; secretary, F. F. Evans, Strathroy; treasurer, B. Watterworth, Mo.sa. Hon. (J. W. Ross, Minister of Education, was iiresent, and delivered an address on the (luestions of the day, and more ])articularly in con- nection with the educational department. Short addresses were also delivered by D. M. Cameron, of Strathroy ; Geo. C. Jllliott, of Ekfrid, and A. Stuart, of Glencoe. Among otliers present were tho following gentlemen : — Caradoc — Messrs. M. McCiugan, James F. Sutherland, H. Hardy, W. Itobertson, Heiny Sutherland, William Francis, Robert IJond, Geo. Bond, Cephas Sisson, Joseph Sisson, H. Lockwood, Wallace Malcolm, Squire Northcott, Chas. Stuart, Wm. ^Miller, B. F. ]?artlett, Frank Thompson. J. E. Brydoti and J. C. McCollum. lyiosa — B. Watterworth, ])imcan Campbell and Wm. Webster. Ekfrid — A. V. ^IcDougall, Jas. Pole, Alex. Douglass, Geo. C. Elliott and Squire Campbell. Glencoe — Alex. Stuart and J. McAlpine. Delaware — Samuel Sutherland, F. Jarvis and Eli Perkins. Strathroy — H. Urquhart (reeve), Wm. Geddes, D. M. Cameron, E. Rowland, Jiis. Healey, J. Banghart, Eli Griffith, John Bond, J. D. Meekison aiid F. F. Evans (Age). The following gentlemen were then elected chainnen for the vari- ous municipalities : — Caradoc, Henry Hardv ; Delaware, Sam'l Suther- land; Ekfrid, A. P. ISIcDougall; Glencoe, J. Af. Tait ; Metcalfe, W. S. Calvert ; Strathroy, J. P. Whitehead ; Mosa, Duncan Campbell ; New- bury, Jas. Douglas ; Wards ville, W. W. Sheppard. 686 HISTORY f»K TIIK Viefovt(t Cireh'. — In tho .sjniiij,' of lH8i), Do])iity Supremo Cniii- luuiion F. IJall, of Ldiidon, iissistcd by Deputy Supreme Compiuiioi' 11. Dunn, of Loudon Soulli, iind ( 'oinpiinion Wiilliice, initiated Victoria Circle, No. 70, Comjpiiuions of the Forest, iu Foresters' Hull, lioudon West, with u meml)er.shi]) of about thirty. The following; ollicers were elected: — VV. iJulV, chief commander ; Miss (i. (Jibson, sub-chief C(mi- mander; Mrs. J)ull, treasurer; T. (Jlover, recordinj; secretary; H. Mcl'herson, iinancial s;ecretary ; Miss Kaljih, rij,'ht <,'uide; Mrs. S. Moore, left guide ; Mrs. T. Davidson, iiuier j^uard ; Dr. (r. N. Wilson, physician. A lari,'e number of visitors were present from tho city orders, and a number of speeches were made. AuxtvalUvii l'i)j>ulatU>n. — The estimivted ]>o])ulation of Victoria on December 31, LSHS, was 1,01)0,8(1'.» ; of New Scuith Waltis, l,0Sr.,:}5(i ; and of South Australia, ;Ul,'.itJl. The estimated mean jjopulatiim for the year of each of the metrojiolitan citii's of the colonies was as fol- lows : — Melbourne, Victoria, 4 1 '■»,49(» ; Sydney, New South Wales, '.\~u,- 6!M); Bri.sbane, (Queensland, ,^5,800; Adelaide, South Au.stralia, 115,- 380; Hobart, Tasmania, :!4.4l'.); Wellington, New Zealand, 3(),5!I0 ; Perth, Western Australia. '.•,300. CoUegkife JnHtitute Examinations. — The following is the result of the examinations held in tho Collegiate Institute in the spring of 1889:— Sixth Form — Tho following have secured first-class honors : — Miss M. Pocock, Miss Edith Vining, Miss C^lara Kobson, .Miss Maggie CJray, and Miss C. Howie, while Harold Anderson and P. E. Mackenzie, rank in second-cla.ss honors. Joseph Fowler obtained second-class hoiuirs in algebi'a. Fifth Form — Class II. — Mary Hamilton 6.) i)er cent., Edith Ryck- man 62, Arthur Hotson 60, May Field 60, James Young 57, Eftie Johnston 57, I3e,ssie Evans 54, Frank Hryant ."».'), Jessie Spittal 53, Josie Jefl'rey 52, Peter Gardiner 52, J. M. Johnston 52, and Ed. E. Reid 50, and Class I. in mathematics. Cla.ss III. — Winnie Hotson 48, Minnie Trebilcock 46, Pertha Steele 44, Delia Bryant 43, Sarah Brett -11. Fourth Form—Class I.— Marilla Judd 81, A. Casey 73, E. Sea- borne 70, H. Brock 67. Cla,ss II.— ('.Abbott 6."), T. 0' Brian 63, Ada JeHVey 62, Annie Pearse 62, Charlotte Baxter (iO, Bertha Graham 60, Minnie Laidlaw 60, Annie McCurdy 60, Mary Oliphant 58, Maggie Bell 55, H. For- sytho 55, Nellie CJreon 54, J. Cooper 53, Maggie Seaborne 52, H. Mc- Ilwain 52, C. Morrison 52, A. Santo 51, K. W. Dickie 50, G. Pose 50, Kate Colquhoun 50, Carrie Hobbs 50, Kate McArthur 50, Lizzie Stewart o6. Class III.— A Nugent 48, John A. Gordon 47, W. Hobbs 47, Nellie McAulilfe 47, J. Greeufell 46, J. W. Plewes 46, Corinna Mayell 45, W. Stewart 44, W. Laidlaw 43, W. O. Johnson 36. Third Form— Class I.— C. Sifton 67. COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. G87 Cliiss II. — Miiiiii(! Hills (i'l, IJlanclu! Mills G4, Annio Adcock 64, I?. Imiiiu'ss (;:i, \V. .1. Kennedy 7, H. fliven3r)(>, K. Sifton 50, Wm. IJucke TiO, May Vininj,' aa, Wni. l'()j)o at, O. Cuniiin;;hani r>-l, Fannie Uoss n;;, May Miliar ;"»:!, A. Litth; a.S, KolHUt (Jray 52, A. Stiinjier 52, Carrie Fleniinj^ 51, Jainos Carlisle 5(1, W. Hall 50, Wni. Ilendrio 50. Cla,ss Ill.— Kate Leary 4'.t, .lolm 0'Hi<.'}^ins 4'.», E. V.. Strnthers 48, C. Hose 48, Thomas (Carlisle 4S, .). rre.seott 47, Jaiiie Jacobs 47, Kobt. Irwin 4(1, Geo. Aylsworth 4l), Geo. Seaborne 4(), J. McConncU 45, Edward Wyatt 44, Frank (Juilleniont 43, A. G. Eraser 43, Coral Mc- Nauf^hton 41, H. Moore 4(1, Edward 11. Mills 40, Wni. Macgoey 40, Tlio.s. Kennedy .')4, B. Arninn ."i."!. Class IV.— L. Keilly 30. Second li— Class 1.— John :^I. Green RO, S. Chadwick 79, F. Baxter 70, H. 0'Hi<,'{,'ins 7(', Annie Daw.son 74, E. Williams 73, Wm. Hryan- ton 71, Wm. Sla^,'lit71, Ed. Weir 71, H. Elliott 08, James Muir 70, Emma I nee 70, James Davis 70. Class II. — Lizzie Williams 05, A. E. Farncombe ()4, F. Fitzgerald (14, 13. Gahan 64. Ed. McKihbin 62, A. C. Jack 01, II. Waide 5'.), L. Iveenleyside 5'.», W. Scott 57, F. Omond 50, W. Goldner 55, James Taylor 54, Delia Stajjleton 53. Class III.— Wilton Lan*,' 48, II. Arnott 40, John D. McLeay 44, George McGnfliu 44, ( 'harles Lilley 42, Edward Hunter 41. Class IV.— J. Wolfe 32, Josej)!! Booth 31, H. llichardson 28, H. Harper 27. Second A — Class I. — Mabel Smith 71, I. McPherson 70, Beatrice Gibson 69, W. Carson 08. Class II.— Annie Beattio 64, Sarah, McEvoy 03, Wm. Clarke 62, F. Westland 62, John Allin 61, Jas. Hazlett 5'.>, H. Sharman 5.S, Florence O'Brien 58, Hattie McGeoch 50, Kathleen MuUins 50, Win. Templeton 54, B. Morrison 54, H. Foote 54, Lanra Kains 54, Nellie Denahy 51, Mary Howie 50, Carrie Porter 50, Fred. Eraser 50. Class III. — Edgar (Jann 40, H. (,'ooke 48, Minnie Graham 48, Laura Bilton 4'J, Jennie Steele ")9. Ethel Wyatt 58, F. Abey r>8, Flossie Burns 56, Lizzie Thornton 56, :McR. Elson 56, W. Millard nC, F. Brown 55, K. B. Cody 54, W. Tillman 53, Clara O'Dell 53, Kosie Dawes 53, Louisa Dikno- ethcr 52, Katie McKerricher 52, ^liniiie Stewart 50, A. C. Gunn 5(1, F. Moorhead 50, A. McKerricher 50, James O'Higgins 50, J. A. Wil- son 50, John Hobbs 50. ''lass III— Stella Harris 48, H. Bonser 48, E. Crawford 48, ("has. Wilford 48, F. Waide 48, C. Turner 47, Wm. Shobbrock 47, C. J. Mc- Arthur 47, C. Kearns 47, Minnie Sharp 47, Susie Powell 46, 11. Mc- Gregor 46, H. Struthers 45, \V. Mc(.'onnell 43, Annie Wilson 42, Edward Burness 41, ]\Iary ]\Iullins 37. Class IV. — Arthur Essery :\0, Maude Sonthara 30, Maude Parker 28, Dora Larmour 27. Scrajis of Early Histury* — The jiioneers who saw London gi'ow uut of the wilderness have nearly all |)assed away, and much of the history of those early days, with their rough methods of life and hard- ships, must be looked for in documents and books. The best collection of historical manuscripts relating to Upper Canada is undoubtedly that found in the archives at Ottawa, under the charge of Mr. Douglas Brynnier. This branch of the Government service is administered by Hon. John Carling, and, quite recently, the Minister of Agriculture found there were many pajjers in the collection which referred to the history of London. In looking them over, he came ujjon the official coiTespondence of CJovernor Sinicoe, which very clearly bears out the statement, often made, that London was selected at one time as the capital of Upper Canada. In a letter dated Montreal, December 7, 1791, marked "secret and confidential," Governor Simcoe writes to Hon. Henry Dinidas as follows : — " 1 am happy to have found in the surveyor's office an actual survey of the Piiver La Tranche. It answers my most sanguine expec- tations, and I have but little doubt that its communications witli the Ontario and Erie will be ibund to be very practicable, the wliole forming a route which, in all respects, may aimihilate the political consequences of Niagara and Lake Erie. * * * ♦ My ideas at jn-csent are to assemble the new corps, artificers, &c., at Cataraqui (Kingston), and to take its present garrison and visit Toronto and the heads of La Tranche, to pass down that river to Detroit, and early in the spring to occu])y such a central position as shall be pre- viously chosen for the cajiital." His Excellency was undoubtedly mistaken as to the navigability ♦ Ottawa correspondence to the Free Prciii>, May, l*-bO. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. (;8!> of what is now known as tlio Soutli Branch of the Thames, witli T.ake Ontario. Tiie Kiver La Tianclu' was later on called the Thames. Four months later Governor Simcoe wrote further on the subject : — " Toronto aii])ears to be the natural .arsenal of Lake Ontario and to afford an easy access overland to Lake Huron. The River La Tranclu', near the navigable head of which I ])ro])ose to establish the Cajiital, by what 1 can gathiir from the few peojjle who have visited it, will allbrd a safe, more certain, and I am inclined to think, by taking due advan- tage of the season, a less expensive route to Detroit than that of Niagara." By lU'oclamation, dated at Kingston, July 16, 17!'2, La Tranche was called " Thames." On the 20th of September, 1 793, (xovernor Simcoe sent a survey of the Thames to Hon. Mr. Dundas, and said : — "The tract of cou.itry which lies between the river (or rather navigable canal, as its Indian name and French translation import) and Lake Erie, is one of the finest for all agricultural ])urposes in North America, and far exceeds the soil or climate of tlie Atlantic States. There are few or no interjacent swamps, and a variety of use- ful streams empty themselves into the lake, or the river." Again, after stating his ideas about communication by road, &c., he says : — "They lead to the propriety of establi.shing a Capital of Upper Canada, which may be somewhat distant from the centre of the present colony. * * * The (Japital I projiose to be established at New London." Had this intention been cirried out London would have received a great impetus a (jiuarter of a century before settlement actually began. Up till LS19 the courts were held at Turkey Point, in the south- west of the Township of t.'harlotteville. It was then called Port Norfolk. There was a building there used as a Court-house. From 1816 to lcS27 the courts were held at Vittoria, the Court-house costing £lt,(*OU. In 1827, London was made the district town, and the offices removed from Vittoria. There are few jiersons now living who actually remem- ber this event. The late High Constable Groves was regarded as tlie best authority in recent years on the early da3's about the Court-house, and many an interesting reminiscence he used to tell of the times when the stocks were used as a means of jjunishment, and other ])rimitive methods of the law prevailed. Hon. Mr. Carling also found an inter .^sting letter from Major- General Proctor to Major-General de Kf'tLenburg, dated at Ancaster, October 23, 1813, in which tlie writer says :— " 1 soon jierceived it would not be in my power to occupy the narrows of the River Sinclair, as I had intended, and ]>revent the enemy's vessels passing into Lake Huron. I had assured the Indians tliat I would not desert them, and it was my full determination to have made a stand at the Forks (Chatham), by which our vessels and .stores would be ])rotected ; but after my arrival at Dover, three miles lower down the jiver, I was induced to take post there." Later on than 17S)1, Governor Simcoe altered his mind about the ii; 690 HISTORY OF THE advantages which London prcstMited as a site for the capital, and Toronto was chosen instead. Among the many qnaint and interesting old ]iapei's which the archive vaults contain is a sub3cri])tion list for the building of a bridge over the two lower forks of the Thames. The date is obscure, but the document is supposed to have been drawn up between the years 1804 and 1(S0'.». The site of the bridge is believeil to have been near Chat- ham, although it might also be held with some ])lausibility that Lon- don was referred to. The subscriptions were in cash, bushels of wheat, gallons of whisky, or labor. Whisky was not then subject to the tax which now makes it such a luxury, and those who gave eight shillings in money were ja'obably contributing as much r.s those who gave ten gallous of old rye. The list will be interesting to those who may recognize the names of ancestors in it, particularly in the coun- ties of Es,sex and Kent, and it is given : — ^Latthew Dolson, 12 bushels of wheat; Thos. McCrea, 12; John Kitson, 4 ; John Smith, 2 ; Geo. Secket.sell, 4 ; David Tait, 2 ; Kobt. Bedford, 2 ; Wni. Boyle, 6 ; John lilackburn, 2 ; Kobt. Miller, 3 ; Lewis Arnold, 4 ; John Arnold, 4 ; Job Manchester, 2 ; Wm. Everit, 4 ; John Wheator, ; Israel BiUTett, :{ ; David Harley, 4 ; David Mc- Kergan, 4; Wm. Shaw, 6; Lsiuic William.s, 4; Wra. Howard, 4; Chas. Kelly, o ; Joseph Abbott, ; Peter Downie, o ; John Martin, 5; Geo. VVindecker, 4; Ephr. Barker, 2; Edward Richardson, 6; Joseph Haslet, 4 ; Joshua Cornwall, ; Limal Shearman. 5 ; John Eeynolds, 8 ; George Reynolds, 6 ; Richard Jackman, 4 ; Daniel Asdell, 4 ; Stephen Casler^ 4 ; John Julian, 5 ; Joseph Johnson, 4 ; Francis Cornwall, 8 ; Prindle Hubbell, 4 ; Samuel Choate, 6 ; Elihu Cornwall, 5 ; Donald McDonell, 2 ; Timothy Desmond, 2 ; John Gor- don, 2; John Ducast, 2; Wm. Harper & Son, 6; Isaac French, 4; John Lipscomb, 3 ; John Mullin, 2 ; Daniel Rooker, 3 ; Hugh Holmes, 2 ; Daniel Fields, 6 : Aug. Dufette. *■ ; I'eter Traxler, (J ; Ab. Iredell, 6 ; John Cheapley, 6 ; Wm. Lightford, 4 ; Geo. Hicks, 2 ; Jos. Country- man and men, 4 ; Geo. Ward, 6 ; John Goose, 2 ; Hezekia Wilcox, 2 ; Sylvan Reynolds, 2 ; Ananias Ogden, 2 ; Jas. Forsyth, 6 ; Daniel Dol- son, 8 ; Isaac Dolson, sr., 10 ; Edward Watson, 8 ; Thos. Crowe, 8 ; Thos. Williams, 4 ; Geo. Jacobs, 2o ; Wm. Coll, 4 ; And. Hamilton, 4 ; Peter Young, 2 ; Thos. Smith, 4 ; James Dolson, jr., 3 ; Gideon Tiffany, G ; sundries, 80 ; Peter Reed, 8 shillings ; Thos. Willets, 4 days' labor ; James Spears, 4 days' labor ; James McGarvin, 4 gallons whisky ; John Sisenal, 2 gallons whisky ; Wm. Park, 10 bushels wheat; Wm. Caldwell, 10 bushels wheat; Gregor McGregor, 4 bushels wheat; Antoine Batishon, 3 days' labor; Thos. McKee, 10 shillings, 10 bushels wheat, 3 gallons whisky ; P. Selb}"^, 10 shillings ; George Ermatinger, 1 shilling ; A. Masonville, jr., 3 bushels wheat ; J. B. Barthe, jr., 3 bu.shels wheat ; B. Chappel, 10 shillings; Dulf & Leith, 10 gallons whisky ; Wm. Leaberry, 10 shillings ; Jos. Reauu^e, 8 shil- lings; Justus Allen, 8 shillings; H. S. Mackay, 16 shillings ; W. Dull", COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 091 16 shillings ; Wm. Mackle, 8 shillings; Win. Searl, 16 shillings, P. Williams, en of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris- topher Walker, £1 ; second best pen of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris- topher AValker, 15s.; third best pen of two-year-old fat sheep, Chris- topher Walker, 10s. Class IV. — Best boar, William Moore, £1 ; second best boar, Mr. Bennot, 15s.; third best boar, William Moore, lOs. Best boar pig, Joseph Coulson, £1 ; second best boar pig, Joseph CouLson, 15s. ; third best boar pig, Jo.seph Kowel, 10s. Best breeding sow, Joseph Land, £1 ; second best breeding sow, Christopher Walker, 15s. ; third best breeding sow, William ^loore, 10s. Best sow pig, Joseph Coulson, 20s.; second, -loseph Anderson, 15s. ; third, Jo.seph Land, 18s. Be.st fat hog, Alexander Kerr, 20s. ; second, Wm. Steele ; third, George Pegler, 10s. Best fat pig, George Pegler, 20s. Dairy Produce — Best firkin of butter, Alexander Kerr, 20s. ; second best firkin of butter, William Warner, 15s. ; third best firkin of butter, William Peeve, lOs. Best cheese, Thomas Lewi.s, £1 ; .second best cheese, Walter Nixon, 15s ; third best cheese, Richard Misner, Ids. Grain — Best barley, Hugh Kennedy, £1 ; second best barley, C. Walker, 15s.; third best barley, John Long, lOs. Best spring wheat, C. Walker, £1 ; second best spring wheat, C. Walker, 15s. ; third best spring wheat, William Warner, Ids. Best China wheat, Hugh Kenedy, £1; secopd best China wheat, Wm. Patrick, 15s.; third be.st China wheat, C. Walker, Ids. Best Indian corn, Richard Misner, £1 ; second best Indian corn, Walter Nixon, 15s. ; third best Indian corn, Joseph Hughes, lOs. Fruit. — Best apples, Richard Misner, lO.s. ; second best apples, Wm. Warner, 5s. ; best pt^aches, Richard Misner, Ids. ; second best peaches, Richard Misner, 5s. Hops. — Best hops, George Pelton, £1 ; second best hops, Richard Stephens, 15s. ; best broom corn, George Harper, £1. Domestic Cloth. — Wm. Patrick, third rate prize, 10s. Ladies' Work. — Best Worsted Socks, Mrs. Dr. Wanless, 10s. ; best COUNTY OF MIDDLKbEX. G'J3 shirt, ]\[i's. Dr. Wiinless, IHs. ; Imst straw hat, Miss Kennedy, 10s. ; best crotchet work, Miss Corogan, £1 ; best einbroiiiory, Miss Mitchell, £1 ; best fancy netting, i\Irs. Duttery, £1 ; best ornamental netting. Miss Askin, £1. Agricultural lni])leinents. — Best turnii» cutter, Leslie Pierce; best turni]) drill, Leslie Tierue ; scraper or levelling box, William "Walker ; best cultivator, ^[. Anderson ; best cooking stove, M. Anderson ; best hiiU stove, M. Anderson ; best set of liarness, Alexander McDonald ; best -wood ])low, Jackson & Elliott ; fanning-mill, Lewis M. Crosby ; churn, Lewis AL ( 'rosby ; fancy Ijroom, G. W. Har])er ; plucton, ]\L'U'cus Holmes; covered Boston buggy, Marcus Holmes; covered Canada Iniggy, ^farcus Holmes; common waggon, ^L'lrcus Holmes. Cabinet Ware. — Best bedstead, Klizabethan style, .lames Lavrock ; fancy work table, James Lavrock ; best telescope dining taljle, Joseph Jell'ry ; sideboard, Jose])h Jefi'ry ; half-ilozen chairs, of dill'erent patterns, Jf)sei)h Jell'ry ; fancy che.st of drawers, J o.seph Jetfry ; rocking-chair, Joseph Jell'ry ; reclining easy chair, .loseph Jell'ry ; best sofa, Joseph Jelfry ; centre table, J. B. Merrill; picture frame, J. B.Merrill; dining room chair, J. B. ]\Ierrill. Miscellaneous. — Best ([uilt knitting. Miss Wigmore ; oil paintings, John Ashton ; engraving, John C. Capron; Masonic medal, Mr. Dewey; Woollen cloth, Jo.seph Ander.son ; book-binding, llobert Reid ; silk hat, T. M. J^ixon; Raccoon robe, T. M, Dixon ; gilt picture frame, E. Miller; ])rinting, H. A. Newcombe ; rifle, W. H. Soper; side sole leather, S. Morrill ; boot upper, S. Morrill ; calfskin, 8. Morrill ; mud boots, W. ILEssery; ladies' boots, J. Arnold; slippers, J. Arnold; th'es.sed sheepskin, Mr. Lamand ; saddle, J. F. Darch. CaiKulidu Order of Foresters. — Court Strathvoy, Xo. 147, C. O. F., nu;t at their lodge rooms at Strathroy on May 17, 1889, when the following ollicers for the ensuing term were duly installed : — .Fohn Elli.s, C. R. ; George Orchard, V. C.R.; Neil Dewar, financial secretary ; Thomas Irvine, recording secretavv ; Thos. Carr, cha]>lain ; W, Moore, «. W. ; S. Cook, J. W. ; 'w. Green, S. B. ; Thomas Morrow, J. B. ; Dr. A. S. Thompson, court iihy.sician. When we pause to think that this beautiful country — ^low com- pletely coiKpiered by Celt, Norman and Anglo-Saxon — ^yielding abundantly tlie various productions needed to supply the demand of their growth, was within a life-time the haunt of wild beasts and their hunters, we can scarcely comprehend the change. Xor yet can the young men and women of to-day conceive intelligently what they owe to those j)ioneers who first invaded the land in civilization's cau.se, who reduced the primeval forest to subjection, and turned up the virgin soil to the sun's- mellowing ray.s. Ah! only tho.se who Iiave been here from the first, and witnessed the gradual progress which the i)ass- iug years have wrought, can realize the change, or apjireciate the struggles and sufferings of the ])ioneers of jirogress. Tlien men had to fight day after day to secure the simjjlest food for themselves and C94 HISTORY OF THE families. Trials, now unendurable, had to be encountered. Ah 1 while working out their own ends those people of long ago were the uncon- scious disciples of civilization, cleaving a path to the new world of })rogress, and paving the road for a future of successful eflbrts in the° work of utilizing Nature's resources, to supply civilized man's necessities. 1" '1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. (i'J5 CHArTER XLII. THK EXPLOKATION OF CANADA* There is an irreconcilable dill'erence of opinion between the authori- ties as to the man who is rif»htfully entitled to claim the honor of first setting foot on Canadian soil. If the Norse Sagas can be accepted as reliable sources of history, Leif Erikson, who, in the year 1000, set forth on a daring quest southward, and after touching at " HuUuland " and " Markland " (by which it is asserted were meant Newfoundland and Nova Scotia), finally brought up at Vinland (Massachusetts), was the first European to tread the American shore. But in spite of Professor liafn and the old mill at Newport, K. I., the Norseman's title has been much discredited, and the honor his patriotic country- men would confer upon him is by other investigators transferred to one among that brave band of Portuguese navigators whose fearless enterprise revealed not one, but two. New Worlds to the Old World of the fifteenth century. According to the authorities, while Diaz and Vasco di Gama were seeking a new route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, or rather the Cape of Storms, as it was then called, John and Sebastian Cabot, father and son, a dauntless pair of sea-dogs, with a commission from Henry VII. of England, were speeding across the unknown Atlantic, in full faith of finding a north-west passage, which would lead them by a director route to the same golden goal, and it would seem as if the same year, 1497, beheld the discovery of Eng- land's present domain in South Africa and in North America. The Cabots at that time ventured no farther than Newfoundland and Labrador, of which they took possession in the name of England ; but the following year, Sebastian, the younger, having the same pur- pose in view, sailed as far north as Hudson's Straits, and then, barred by icebergs, turned southward and skirted the coast down to Chesapeake Bay, landing at several places and partially exploring the fertile country he had thus discovered. It was upon these discoveries that Great Britain founded the claim she afterwards so successfully asserted, to the greater part of North A lerica. In 1499 Jaspard Cortereal, a rival of Cabot, essayed to follow in his footsteps, and, with two ships furnished him by the Portuguese Government, reached the Labrador coast, and is generally credited with having given that region a title, " Terra Laborador " (land which may be cultivated), that has been abbreviated into its present appellation. He also entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and explored it to some extent, but of the result of his investigations no record remains. 'Adapted from the Canadian Handbook of 1886. 6'J6 HISTOliV OF THE Two othor oxiiloici'3 of this <,'rt;ut <^uli' wi'vo Dmiy.s iiiid Atihci't, two French ii;ivij,';Uoi'.s, who nuide Uiuir way there in the yeai's loUti mul 150S respectively. Meuntinie, the ricli lislieries of the NewfouncUaiid banks, whose treasures are i)raetically inexhaustible, were beini,' drawn upon for the first time l)y tiie hardy JJreton, Uasiiue and Norman fishermen, of wliose visits the name Cajie Hreton, found upon the earliest maps, furnishes an interesting nu'morial. Xonc! of (he voya{,'es thus Laken, however, had any reference to the settlenu'nt of the country. It was reserved for France to make tile first attem])t in this direction, when, in the year 1518, the liaron de Lery fitted out an ex])edition willi that end in view. Unfortunately the Fates were not la'opitious to this venture, and beyond the landing of some horses on Sable Island, wluM'e they multi])lied remarkably, anil exist in droves to the present day, nothing was accomplished. France had as yet done little in exploring or occupying any i)or- tion of this boundless continent, whose wealth was filling the coller.s of her rivals, and Francis I. resolved to claim a share of the prize. ' .Shall the Kings of Spain and Portugal," ho exclaimed, " divide an America between them ? I would like to see the clause in Fatlier Adam's will be(iueathing that vast inheritance." Under his direction, therefore, in 1'>'24, Verrazzani, a Florentine, was sent forth, lie langed the coast from Florida to .")0^ north latitude, and with superb assurance annexed, on behalf of Franco, the entire region previ- ously explored by the Cabots, designating it "New France." The rival claims arising from (hose exj>lorations were the chief grounds of tlie long and l)loody conflict, which, later on, was waged between Great Ihitain and France, for the jjossession of this magnificent region lM!youd the seas, and the nuiritimo suprenuicy that went with it. Thus fitfully and feebly were the first attempts to found settle- ments on the North American coast carried on up to the close of the first (quarter of the sixteenth century, and, without anything practical or permanent being achieved. Settlement by the French. — In the year lij;_!4 when France had somewhat rallied from the disaster inflicted u])on her during recent wars, fresh enterprises were undertaken in the New World, and on the 2Uth April of that year the real discoverer of Canada proper — -lacques Cartier, a native of St. Malo, was sent out with two small vessels of about sixty tons each. Sailing through the Straits of Belle Isle he scanned the laarreu coast of Labrador, and almost circumnavigated Newfoundland. Turning thence south-westward, he passed the Mag- dalen Islands, and on a glorious duly day entered the large bay, for which the intense heat suggested the name of " des Chaleurs " it bears to this day. On the rocky headland of Gaspe he lauded and, erecting a huge cross bearing the Jleuf-de- lis of France, took possession of the country in the name of his sovereign, Francis I. Learning from the natives of the existence of a gre.at river leading COUNTy OF MIDULKSEX. 01)7 so far u]) into the interior tliat " no man Inul over traced it to its source," he sailed up the (lulf of St. Lawrence until he could see land on either side. But the season heinj^ well advanced, he deemed it jmident to go no farther until he should niturn next summer. Delighted with the re))ort his faithful lieutenants brought back, the French king, in the following year, fitted Cartier out with three fine vessels, of which the largest was 120 tons burthen, and despatched him with the s])ecial blessing of the bishoj) of St. Malo and with a commission from himself to '■ form settlements in the country and open traflic with the native tribes." The little squadron reached the mouth of the St. Lawrence about the middle of duly, and the 10th of August being the festival of Saint Lawrence, Cartier gave the name of that saint to the small bay in which he then was, since when it has l)een extended to cover the entire gulf aiul river. Contiiming up the noble stream, he came, on Se])tember 7th, to a fertile, vine-clad island, which he named the Isle of Bacchus, it is now the Island of Orleans. Here Donnacona, the kins; of the Algon- quin nation, made him a state visit, accomi)anied by no less than five hundred followers in twelve huge canoes; and seven days later, having made up his mind to winter in the coinitry, ( "artier anchored his fleet at the mouth of the St. t'harles river, where stood the Indian town of .Stadacona, beneath the high beetling promontory now crowned with the hi.storic ramparts of Quebec. Impatient to explore the river stretching out so grandly before him, Cartier advanced with fifty men in his smallest vessel. But the sand- bar of Lake St. Peter compelled him to take to his boats. In these he ])ressed onward, until on October I'lid he reached the populous Indian town of Hochelaga, nestling beneath the wood-crested height, which with characteristic loyalty he called " Alont lioyal," since anglicized into Montreal. The friendly natives thronged the shore by Imndredis, and received the pale-faced strangers with manifestations of the utmost delight, loading their boats with lavish presents of corn and fish. From his kindly hosts, Cartier learned of the existence, far to the west and south, of inland seas, broad lands and mighty rivers, then an almost unbroken solitude, now the home of a prosperous people. After three days of pleasant intercourse, Cartier returned to Stada- cona and wintered there, his little force sutlering severely from insuffi- cient food and inadequate clothing, being also plagued with scurvy of a malignant type, whoise violence neither processions, vows, nor litanies availed to stay. The following spring he returned to France, taking with him, much against their will. King Donnacona and nine of hia chiefs as living trophies of his expedition. Five years elapsed before Cartier returned to Canada, and this time he had with him the Sieur de Itoberval whom the French Mon- arch had created Lieutenant-General and Viceroy of his newly ac- 5 to 1703, and being concluded by the Treaty of Paris in the latter year. During its continuance, many battles and I 702 IIISTOliY OF THE sieges of great interest and importance took place, and many leaders won undying fame for themselves by their splendid achievements ; but transcending all other events in magnitude and far-reaching conse- quence, and towering high above all other men in the imperishable glory of their deeds, the siege of Quebec, and the rival commanders Wolfe and Montcalm, seem by their vastness to fill the whole jncture as one looks back upon it from these present days. On September 13, 1759, Wolfe won Quebec on the fiehls of Abraham, and just one year later, the capitulation of de Vaudreuil at ^Montreal, before the combineil armies of Amherst, Haviland and Murray, completed the Englisli conquest of Canada, and the entire continent, with the sole exception of the little rock-bound and fog- capped islands of St. Pion-e and Miquelon, on the Newfoundland coast, passed forever out of the possession of the French throne. Conquest by the Emjlish. — It now remains to glance at the histoiy of Canada since it has been a liritish possession. Dr. Withrew, in his admirable History of Canada, thus eloquently summarizes tlie improve- ment wrought in ( 'anada by its change of masters : — " The conquest of Canada by the British was the most fortmiate event in its history. It supplanted the institutions of the Middle Ages by tiiose of modern civilization. It gave local self-government for abject submission to a foreign power and a corrupt court. It gave the in-otection of the Habeas Corpus and trial by jury, instead of the oj^jnessive tribunals of feudalism. ]''or ignorance and rejn'ession, it gave cheap schools and a free jiress. It removed the arbitrary shackles from trade and abolished its unjust monopolies. It enfranchised the serfs of the soil and restricted the excessive ])ower of the seigneurs. It gave an immcasiu'ably ampler liberty to the people and a loftier imjnilse to progress than was before known. It banished the greedy cormorants wiio grew rich by the oflicial i)lunder of the poor. The waste and ruin of a jirolonged and cruel war were succeeded by the reign of jieace and prosperity ; and the ])inchiug of famine, by tlie rejoicings of abundance. The habitans could now cultivate their Ions-neglected acres free from the molestation of Indian massacres or the fear of Briti.sh invasion. Even the con(iuered colonists tliemselves soon recog- nized their improved condition under their generous conquerors." The printing jiress was introduced into Canada a year after tlie Treaty of Paris was signed, that is in 1764, and the first printed mat- ter |»ublished in Canada was the jn'ospectns of the Quebec Gazette, a newspaper which continued in exi.stence till ten years ago. While there was, as a matter of coinse, a good deal of friction between " the new subjects," as the French were called, and the liritish settlers or " old subjects," under the temperati; and judicious guidance of General Murray and Sir Guy Carleton, matters proceeded hopefully and the country entered upon a career of prosperity, rapidly increasing in population and wealth. In (lie year 177-1, what was known as the Quebec Act was pas.sed COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. ro3 ssed by the British Parliament. It extended the bounds of the Province from Labrador to the Mississippi, from the Ohio to the watershed of Hudson Bay. It cstabhshed the right of the Frencli to the observance of the Roman CathoHc religion without civil di.sability, and confirmed the tithes to the clergy, exempting, however, all Protestants from their payment. It restored the French civil code, and established the Eng- lish administration of law in criminal cases. Supreme authority was vested in the Governor and a Council of from seventeen to twenty- three members, the latter being nominated by the Crown, and con- sisting for the most part of persons of British birth. This act gave profound dissatisfaction, not only to the English- speaking minority in Canada, who considered that their rights had been ruthlessly sacrificed, but also to the American colonists, who complained bitterly at the transfer to Canada of the country north and west of the Ohio Iliver, for which they had so long and variously struggled. Despite all protests and appeals, the act, whicli naturally gave great delight to the French population, continued to be the rule of govern- ment of the ]irovince for seventeen years. The colonists were now called uj)on to pass through another war- period — bloody, but brief — and this time with their own countrymen across the border. In the year following the pa.ssing of the Quebec Act, the long smouldering fires of secession in the American colonies burst into flame. On April 19, 1775, the " minute men " of Concord and Lexington " fired the shot heard round the world," and the War of Independence began, which ended in the loss to England of her " American " colonies. One of the first steps taken by the Sece,ssion- ists was to capture Ticonderaga and Crown Point in Lake Champlain, and thus possess the gateway to Canada. Forts St. John and Chambly soon followed, and on the 12th November, Montreal succumbed ; but the tide turned, when flushed with their first success, the Americans essayed the capture of Quebec, two daring attempts resulting only in disastrous failure. On the 4th July, 1776, the "American" col- onies declared their independence, and the war closed on the 19th October, 17iSl, with the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. By the terms of the treaty of ])eace signed at Versailles, September o, ] 7S4-85 been organized under special constitu- tional charters. The demand was met by the granting of the Hahms Corpus and oi trial by jury in civil cases. But this did not content the Canadian,s, who asked also for an elective Legislative Assembly, and a larger measiu'e of constitutional liljerty. Accordingly, in 17'.'l, the Constitutional Bill was ])a.ssed by tlie British government. It divided Canada into two provinces, known as Upper and Lower Can- ada, or Canada West and Canada East. Each province received a separate Legislature, consisting of a Legislative Council, appointed by the Crown, a Legislative Assembly elected by the ])eoi)le, and a gover- nor appointed by the Crown and resjionsible oidy to it. The Assembly was elected for four years, and in it was vested the power of raising a revemie for roads, bridges, schools and similar public services. A body which soon became obnoxious to the people was the Executive Coun- cil. It consisted of salaried oflicials of the Crown, and judges, who were the confidential advisers of the Governor, although not account- able for their acts either to him or to the Legislative Assembly. Tliey generally held seats in the Legislative Council, and virtually controlled the legislation by their predominant, yet irresponsil)le, influence. The new constitution, as Eox had predicted, worked badly almost from the outset. The Legislative, and especially the Executive, Councils became objects of jiopular jealou.sy, and (jucstions of both church and state soon began to divide the people into parties and engender bitter political animosities. COUNTY OF MinULT'SEX. (06 The first Legislature of Lower Canada sat at Quebec in 17!M, when tliat city contained about 7,000 inhabitants ; and the first Legislature of Up])er Canada at Newark, the ]iresent town of Niagara, in 17'.'2, where it contiinu'd to sit until 17'.i7, when it removed to York, now Toronto, which city had becTi founded by Governor Simcoe two years previ(jusly. The progress of the country in trade and po])ulation, and the develojmient of its resources, were rapid. The tide of emigration steadily increased, the Irish troubles of 17".*8, especially, leading many hardy settlers to seek new homes in the virgin wilds of Canada. As the province increased in wealth and population the evils of a practically irresponsible government began to be felt. The Executive Council, comy)osed of the Governor and five of his nominees, removable at his ])leasure, giudually absorbed the whole administrative influence of the colony. In the year 1812-14 the young auxiliary nation was called upon to undergo a severe ordeal through the United States declaring war against (Jreat J'>ritain, ])artly because of sympathy with France and partly through misunderstandings between the two Governments. The United States naturally selected Canada as the first object of their attack. The position of the two countries was very unequal. Canada was totally unprepared for the conflict. She had less than 6,000 troops to defend 1,500 miles of frontier. Her entire po])ulation was under 300,000, while that of the United States was 8,000,000. Despite this startling disparity, the Canadians, ralh'ing as one man to the loyal support of their Government, bore themselves so nobly through- out the two years' struggles which ensued, that, when it ended, the advantage lay clearly ujion their side, and the victories of Queenston Heights and Chateauguay are to-day ])ointed to with the same patriotic ja'ide as the Englishman takes in Waterloo or the Frenchman in Austerhtz. At the clo.se of the war, the domestic dissensions, suspended while all attention was concentrated ui)on the defence of the country, l)roke out afresh. In both Upper and Lower Canada the people began to assert themselves against the rule of the Executive Councils, and the breach between the two branches of the Legislature grew wider every day. Conflicting claims as t(j revenue and other matters also sprang up between the two provinces, to obviate which their union was sug- gested so far back as 1822, but then withdrawn in conse(iuence of the intense ojjposition manifested by the French population of Lower Canada. In I.ower Canada, Louis J. Papineau, and in Upper Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie, came forward as the champions of popular rights, and were after a time drawn into actual rebellion. The struggle for rcsjionsible government, once entered upon, was never permitted to relax, until at length, in 1840, acting upon the suggestions contained in the famous report of Loi'd Durham, on the state of the Canadas, the Home Government determined upon the union of the two provinces 706 HISTOIiY OF THE and the acknowledgment in the new constitution of the principle of Eesponsible Government, liesolutions were passed by the Provincial Legislatures in favor of the scheme, and a bill based upon them passed the Imperial I'arliainent in 1(S4U, and went into elliect on the 6th rebruary, 1841. On that day the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada were peacefully unitinl under one administration, and IJespon- sible Govermnent was finnly established. The Act of Union provided that there should be one Legislative Council and one Legislative Assembly in which each province should be equally represented. The Council was composed of twenty life mem- bers, appointed by the Crown ; the Assembly, of eighty-four members elected by the people. The Executive Council or Cabinet comprised eight memliers and was responsible to the Legislatiu'e. It was presided over by the Governor-tJeneral, who held his ai)pointment from the Crown. The control of all public revenues was vested in the repre- sentatives of the people. In June, 1841, the first united Parliament met at Kingston. Three years later the seat of govermnent was changed to ^Montreal, and on the destruction of the Parliament build- ings by a mob in 184'.t it went to Toronto, It was in the first session of the Legislature in Montreal that the jiresent Premier, Sir John A. Macdonald, took his seat as a legislator, and began that remark- able career which has associated his name with all the jrolitical and other developments Canada has experienced during more than forty years. At that ])eriod, Upper and Lower Canada were on an eqUtal footing as regards population, the lower ])rovince having 76S,334, and the ui)per, 765,797. Nine years subsequently, after many experiments, all of which proved unsatisfactory, the burning question of the choice of a 2)ernuiiient ca])ital was left to the Queen herself, and under her approval it was established at Ottawa, where it has since remained. The history of Canada during the remaining years which ]>receded Confederation is altogether a history of jwlitical parties, and may be passed over without going into details. Above all other questions of vital im])ortance rose the question of Representation by Population. By the terms of the Act of Union each of the two provinces was allowed an equal number of rejiresentatives in Parliament, and so long as their jiopulation remained nearly equal, the arrangement worked satisfactorily enough. But of late years, Upper Canada had far outstripped her sister jirovinco in poimlation, and now naturally enough began to demand that the representation should be readjusted so as to bear a due ])roportion to the respective populations. This demand the French province vigorously resisted, and a crisis was iirecipitated whicli threatened the integrity of the union. No stable administration could lie formed, and political all'airs were at a dead-lock. Hajipily, in this serious junctui'e, the scheme for a con- federation of ail the provinces in British North America presented itself as a solution of tlie e-xistin" dilliculties. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 707 During all the years since the Quebec Act of 1774 was passed, the French-speaking Canadians have displayed that loyalty to the British Crown which found its noblest illustration in the expression of Sir George Cartier, that he was " an Englishman speaking the French lan- guage." Upper Canada Rebellion. — The oppressive acts of the Executive Council early in this century, against Robert Gourlay, Surveyor- General Wyatt, Joseph Willcocks, Judge Ilobert Thorpe, and many others, particularly Mr. GourLay, may be said to have been the com- mencement of that opposition to the then existing (lovarnment, since known as the Ujiper Canada Rebellion. It would require a large volume to give fully the origin of this unfortunate outbreak, which, like the French Revolution, grew out of the wrongs inflicted upon the common people and their representatives. Under the Act of 1791, the appointment of the Executive Council, to begin with, gave grave olfense to the great mass of the inhabitants of Canada. It placed the Govern- ment of the country in the keeping and control of men who could not be held accountable for their misdeeds by those upon whom the wrongs were likely to be imjmsed. The members of the Council, as such, were independent of and superior to public opinion, and could ovenide an act of the Assembly without incurring serious res])onsibility. The opposition which arose to the acts and existence of the Council was due to no disloyalty to the Imperial power, but grew spontaneously and luxuriantly from the soil of gross abuse practiced with impunity by that obnoxious body. The Council found no difficulty in securing a jiliant toul in the Lieutenant-Governor, and in reducing to a practical nullity the Assembly elected by the people. The injuries inflicted upon Jlr. Gourlay had been so frequent and unjust as to lead to the bitterest complaint in all portions of (he Province. Back in the last century greed and favoritism in the disposal of Crown lands was a condition of affairs often observed, discus.sed and denounced ; and as time grew, the abuses multiplied and expanded. The Executive Coun- cil gave conspicuous evidence of unblushing corruption, one of its mem- bers. President Russell, going so far as to grant lands to himself. The abuses of the system of land grants alone became thus so obnoxious as to lead to bitter complaint, and, in the end, to determined opposition. Another measure leading to great injustice and severe denunciation was the jn'ovision made for the clergy, known as the " Clergy Reserves," which were an allotment " equal in value to the seventh part of lands granted " for the sujiport of a Protestant clergy. Events proved that this jn'ovisio nd the results growing therefrom caused more heart- burnings tlian all other causes combined. The Family Compact, whereby certain persons and their friends secured and held control of nearly all the positions of emohmient, was another source of constant irritation. It became so odious, by its removal from oflice and its oppression generally of pure-minded men of different views, that a 708 HISTOKY.OF THE great cry of diiuuiiciation spread over the Dominion against the Family Compact domination, the land-granting system, and the Clergy Keserves. Other and more flagrant acts were ])erpetrated. The Act of Exclnsion, which disqualified Barnahas liidwell from holding any. public oflice in the Dominion, was an arbitrary stroke of the compact to rid itself of an able and troublesome oppouent, which arbitrary act led to the selection of his son, Marshall S. Bidwell, to the House, and his selection, in 1829, as Speaker. He was one of the first, and one of the; ablest, of the Reformers sent to the Housfj. He was elected in 1 .S24 for the third time before he was permitted to take his seat, owii, lu the tactics of his political enemies. John llolph, the most illustrious Canadian orator of history, took his seat at the same time with so\ eral others. A little later came Peter Perry, Caj^tain John Matthews, Dr. William W. Baldwin, his son Robert Baldwin, and William Lyon McKenzie, and allied themselves conspicuously with the growth of Reform. ]\Iany flagrant acts of the government followed as the years rolled along to 18.j7: — The destruction of the Advocate Office at Yoik in 182(1, which paper was edited by Mr. Alackenzie; the attempt to remove Captain Matthews across the Atlantic on a ridicul- ous charge of disloyalty ; the Niagara Falls outrage, wherein soldiers were employed to do the work of the sheriff in a time of profound peace ; the removal of Justice John W. Willis for his course of Reform ; the unwarranted and malicious imprisonment of Francis Collins ; the cases of Jonah l^rown, Robert Randal, Hugh C. Thompson, and many others ; the repeated expulsions of Wm. Mackenzie from the House, to which he was as often elected ; the contiimed deliberately oppressive acts of Lieutenant-Governor Head, all lead steadily up to the point where the people seemed no longer able to bear it, and organized and pre- cipitated an armed rebellion. That Mr. Mackenzie was the originator of this rebellion, admits no doubt. But it ended in immediate failure, though it bore fruit abundantly in later times. Mr. Papineau similarly stirred up a rebellion in Lower Canada. In all cases, the rebels who armed themselves and were guilty of an overt act, were speedily over- come, although, several skirmishes occurred and death resulted, and war with the United States was seriously threatened, A number of the lefiders were executed, others fled to the United States ; but the rebellion engendered an opjiositiou which yet lives, having grown to large proportions and importance. i^tml §iogrEp^imI §£partment. BIOGRAPHY. Alexander S. Abbott. Thirty-two years i)asseil in sincere find Oiiruest endeavor to tlinr- oughly discharge every duty of tlie position which he has occupied, has been a marked characteristic of Mr. Abbott's career in life. He wa.s born in County Galway, Ireland, June 30, 1812. His father, Samuel Abbott, was a native of the same county, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Guinning. was the daughter of Rev. Alex. Guinning, who was pastor of Castle Blakeny Church for over sixty years, and who lived to be over fourscore years and ten. There were seven children born to Mr. and :Mrs. Samuel Abbott, Alexander S. being the second son and child. ITntil thirteen years of age his time was spent in obtaining an education. He then became an°api)rentice to the dry goods business in his native town, and served in this ca]iacity for seven years. In 184.S he was induced by an uncle. Rev. William Hodson Guinning, who was pastor of a church in Lambspond, to emi- grate to Canada. This he did, and settled in London in 18-43, where for forty-five years he has made his home. Previous to this, April IG, 1834, he married Miss Dorinda Euxton, a daughter of William R. liuxton, of the Royal Engineer 1 )epartraent. To them were born eight children, seven of whom are now living, viz. :— Keziah, who marned James G. Binly, a prominent jeweller of Hamilton, Canada ; Samuel W. and Hodson G., of the city of London ; Alexander R., in Illinois ; Wilham, a jeweller, at Decatur, 111. ; Dorinda, now the widow of Andrew J. Tulley, and Henry Randolph, a prominent dentist of Lon- don. One daughter, Lottie, died in 1876. After coming to London, Canada, Mr. Abbott engaged in business, which he continued until the fire of 1845, He then received the appointment of tax collector, and what time he was not thus engaged he acted as salesman behind the counter. In September, 1856, he received the appointment of City Clerk, and notwithstanding the many changes in municipal allair.s, Mr. Abbott still occupies this position. It is but the truth when we make the statement that a more painstaking, competent official is not to be found in the Dominion, and long may he be found in his present position. Although somewhat advanced in years, his eye is not dim, neither is his natural force abated, and his records are models of neat- ness and legibility. In his religious preferences, Mr. Abbott is a mem- 712 HISTOUY OF THE ber of the ^It'lliodist Church. Ho is also a Tloyal Arch Mason, and was one of th(! first charier ini'mlicrs of the tlraiul Lodjije of Canada. Ho lias served as Kecorder of the Chapter and Secretary of the lUue Lodi,'e for many year.s. In lenijieranco matters, Mr. Abbott lias been ;i leader, and since 1851 has been a teetotaler, lie has ii'iidered valuable assistance by his example, to the cause of teni])er- uiu'c. He has in his possession a ring belonging at one time to the •sister of the celebrated Dr. (Joldsmith, and the engraving "Dec. 'M, 1742," is still visible. This relic descended from generation to genera- tion, until it came into Mr, Abbott's ])ossession, and is looked np(jii by him as a priceless jewel and a veritable Mascot. Murray Anderson. A long life of upright and useful citizenship has placed the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch in the foremost ranks of the pro- minent men of Middlesex County, and it may be truly said of him that he has done as much to further the interests of the county and to establish worthy enterprises as any of its ])resent residents. He was born at Lundy's Lane, on the Hth of January, 1.S14, and is a grandson of Col. Peter Anderson, who was born in England, and who married IMiss Abigail Fortner, a niece of Sir Charles Douglass, of Scotland, her mother having been a Miss Douglass. Col. Peter Anderson was an English olhcer, and during the llevolutionary War in the United States hail occasion to measure swords with both Washington and Lafayette at the Ijattle of Princeton. After the restoration of peace he settled in New liruiiswick, being retired on half pay, and there resided until 1700, when he settled on the present site of Niagara Falls South. He reared a family of foiu' sons and twi^ daughters, his son, Charles Anderson, being his second sou and child and the father of Murray Anderson, the subject of this sketf'.h. In early life Charles learned the cai-])enter and joiner's trade, and was afterwards married to Miss Sallie lirooks, a daughter of liobert Brooks, and a native of New Jersey. He owned the ground on which the battle of Lundy's Lane was fought, and during that war (1S12) was a captain in the English service, and a partici])ant in the following battles : — tjueenstown. Stony Creek, Crysler Farm, Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, having Gen. Scott for an opponent in the latter engagement. It is worthy of note that the two soldiers became fast friends, and for many years the latter made periodical vists to the old battle ground of Lundy's Lane, and always had for a companion Capt. Anderson, receiving as a souvenir from the latter a cane carved from a tree which grew on the battle ground of Buena Vista, Mexico. It may be proper to state here that Mr. Ander- son's grandparents left New Jersey on account of fealty to the mother- land, and an aunt of his married James Lundy, a son of William Luudy. The family of Capt. Charles Anderson consisted of eight COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 13 diililveii, seven sons and one diuif,']itci'. >rurray Anderson, the third .son iiud cliild, was reared in tlw I'rovinee of liis birth, and at the ai,'e of sixteen be^'an serving an apimMiticesliip at the tinner's trade in ITaniil- ton, in which capacity he worked for six years. In 183.") he came to London, Canada, retnrnint; home at tlie end of eij^hteen niontlis, but took up a permanent residence in London in 18-1-0, and f(jr years has been prominently identified with the business interests of the place. He has been enj^aged in manufiicturing tinwares and buyiufr furs for many years, and in the latter business was one of tiie larf,'ost individ- ual dealers in the marked, and luaile semi-annual trips to New York City to dispose of his yood.s, and while on one of tlie.se tri])S had a jiersonal invitation to dine with John Jacob Astor and also with Itamsey Crook. He carried on his business successfully for years, but of late has given up this occupation. I le was the first Reeve and Mayor of the City of Lontlon, and as a nu^mber of the City Council for many years, rendered valuable aid in improving the city, and was a faithful guardian of its best interests. In November, 18.S.S, he was married to Miss Jane C. Kerr, a native of Albany, N. Y., and to their union three children were born, two of whom are now living, Edward, and Sarah, wife of James Flock. To attempt a detailed account of the numerous enter])rises with which he has been actively connected, or to review even })assingly his olUcial and public life, his characteristics, and his many admirable and moral traits, would be impossible in the space allotted to this sketch ; but in every walk of life his career has been above criticism, and he has ever been the soul of honor, a faithful and tru.sty friend and a true Christian. He is one of the pioneer mem- bers of the Methodist Church, and is one of its staunch ■ upporters. James I. Anderson. James L Anderson, bookseller, stationer and dealer in fiinoy goods, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born March o, 185:2. His father, John Anderson, and his mother, who.se maiden name was Mary Ann Ingles, were both natives of Scotland. The son received a liberal education, and early commenced his business experience in a book liouse in Edinburgh, in which he received a thorough training. In 1872 he left the land of his birth, sailed for America, and for over two years and a-half was a resident of lUiil'alo, N. Y. In 1875 he came to London and engaged in his present business, which at first was com- menced on a small scale, but has been of steady growth, the stock having been increased in quality and variety from time to time as necessities have demanded, until it has grown to be recognized as the leading house in this line in the city. Their stock includes a complete line of stationery and miscellaneous books, church liymnals, bibles, ]irayer books and Sunday school libraries. Their stock of fancy goods comprises an elegant array of articles of practical utility and adorn- 45 7U insTOltY OK TIIK mciit. I>y closn iittoiitiDU to liiisinuss iiiul his IioiioimIjIo (l(!:iliii<,'fl, Mr. Andtd'sou liiis, witliin ii ci)iu|iiiriitively short time, built up ii tiiulit which oUhir t'stiibhshiui'iits may \v<;ll (^nvy. I'vmn iiis lirst .scttliMnt-nt here lu; lias takcni iiu interest in everythiuj,' toii(hii<^ to iticreaso the reputation and j^'ooil name -if tiie city, ami liis inlhienet! is always on the side of morality and ri^'ht. Mr. Anderson was married in I.S7.S to Miss Harriet Kllioti, a native of this city, and a dauj^'hter of .James and Helen Klliolt, who were early settlers in Middlesex County. The former died in 1864, but the latter is still livini,'. Henry Anderson. Henry Anderson, of Middlesex County, Ontario, is a son of Thomas Anderson, who was born in England, and was a ])rominent farmer of Wiltshire. He was married to Miss Aim Dark, by whom he became the father of three children: — Henry, Thomas K., and Amelia. He immigrated with his family to Middlesex ('ounty in LS;!;? — the country at that time being an unbroken wilderness — and settled on a tract of 400 acres south of the lind Concession; the farm being now occujiied by his son Thomas F. He and wife are members of the (Jhurch of England, the latter being a descendant of the I5ailys, a ])rominent family of England. Francis Baily, the astronomer, after leaving school, held a mercantile situation until twenty-two years of age, when, from mere love of adventure, he embarked for the New World and travelijd over a great part of the Far West, and jjassed eleven months among the aborigines without once seeing a civilized habitation. In 1800 lie became connected with the Stock Exchange, and ])ublished many articles of note relating thereto in the various journals of the times, and in 1806 ably defended the rights of the Brokers. In 1814 he drew up the report of the committee relating to the great fraud of that year, and arranged the evidence against the jjerjietrators. He was a successful member of the Stock Exchange, and at the time of his retirement from active business life in 1825, was the owner of a hand- some fortune which he had acquired by sagacious management. His brother was Mayor of Paris during the stormy scenes of the French Revolution, and was beheaded by the guillotine. Henry Ander.son, whose name heads this sketch, was born in Wiltshire, England, in ISIG, and was a lad of sixteen years when brought to Canada. He was greatly pleased with the wild, free life of the pioneer, and soon became expert with the ax and the rifle. He soon became noted for his skill in the use of the former, and his presence was always gladly welcome when a log i: n-.^e was to be raised, he being always selected as a " corner man," as li. lequired an expert to cut the notches and fit the logs. He was very fond of hunting, and many a deer fell before the unerring aim of his rifle ; fifty of these animals falling a victim to his skill the first few years of his residence here, as they often came into COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 71') tlie clciii'iiiL; iiroiuid their ciihiri (lui'iiij» tho night to hrowsn. His ciirly ('(hiciitidiiiil iiilviiiiliif,'cs were of tiu^ most iii(!!i,^i'i' dc^scriptioii, but being luitiimlly (luiek-wilted iuul intelligent, ho uciiuiretl a I'liir edueiilion previous to hi.s thirteenth year. He took iin active jiiirt in the Rebel- lion of IH.'iT, iind wluMi the Rebels were in force near Toronto, (Ja] it. •losejih t)dell ealled for volunteers to serve as " Minuter Men," and ont of 5(JU men oidy fourteen responded to the call, Henry and Thomas ¥. Anderson being among the number. In ISoll, Mr. Anderson was married to Miss Annie MctJregor, a daughter of John and I.saliel (Teddie) Mcdregor, who were natives of the Scotch Highlands, Mr. and Mrs. Anderson became* [\m parents of ten cliildren, who lived to be grown: — Florence A., Isal)el A., Heiwy A., Margaret E,, J)llen A., Annie v., flohn 1)., Frederick H., Henrietta, and Norman. After his marriage Mr. Anderson settled on the farm of I'UO acres, wlunc he now lives, and went to work to clear his land and get it under cultiva- tion, in which work lu; has been very successful. In iS.lll he wa.s a])j)ointed County Auditor, which otlice he held until 1 SOT, and wa.s then elected Deputy Reeve, the duties of which Ik; filled until 1871. He i.s now filling the otlice of Township Clerk, and has been President of the Township Agricultural Society, and from l.S(i7 to 1880 was Secre- tary of the Agricultural Society of the; Cimnty of Middles(!X. He was the first ( Joneral Sujierinteiident of the Western Fair held in Lontlon from 18G8 until 1871, iind at the latter date was ajipointed General Superintendent of the Provincial Agriculture and Arts' Association of Ontario, serving in this capacity until 1881, when he resigned, and on his retirement was presented with a silver medal, whicli constituted him a life member of the Association, his stall' of employes ])resent. iug him with a hand.some gold watch as a token of their esteem. He is one of the founders of the Westminster Fire Insurance Company, the first meeting being held at his residence in 1857, and has been Treasurer of the Reforni Association of liljist Middlesex, and is the jiresent President of the Dominion Farmer's (Jouncil. In religiou.g vi(;ws, he and fixmily belong to the Church of Fliigland, and he is jiolitically a Reformer. Although .seventy-two years of age, he is hale and hearty, and in his views on all subjects is considered one of the most sagacious and intelligent men of the county. By his straightfor- ward and honest cour.se through life, he has won the confidence, love, and respect of all who know him, and he and family occupy an envi- able position in the estimation of the citizens of Middlesex County. William H. Ardiel AMlliam H. Ardiel, farmer, and native of Canada, and a resident of London Township, in this County; was born on December 2, 1844, and is a son of James Ardiel and Jane (Haskett) Ardiel. His father was born in Canada, at a place then known as J"rontenac, and his '16 HISTORY OF THE mother was boni in Ireland, in a place called Ikiricane. His <,'vand- parents were natives of Ireland, and came to this country at a very early date (in 1819) to Frontenac, and shortly after removed from there to London Township, in the County of Middlesex, where his grand- father entered 100 acres of land for himself and 100 acres for his eldest son, Isaac, who was at that time a young man ; but several years after he was taken very ill, and died, and his body was interred in the then Established Church of England cemetery, in the village of St. Johns, London Townshij). His grandfather afterwards reserved tiie 100 acres for his father, James Ardiel. At that time the country was a wild(!rness, and infested by many wild animals. The wolves often made the nights hideous with their cries. The cabins of the settlers, which were built of round logs, were few and far between, and in order to have their corn or wheat ground they were obliged to make a journey of two days, carrying their grist to I'ond .Alills, south-east of the present city of London, following a blazed line through tlie woods to the Forks, where now stands London, and from there to Pond Mills. Mr. Ardiel's grandfather s])ent the greater ])ortion of his time choi)i)ing, clearing up the land, and tilling the farm on which he first locarnard paid a visit to his boyhood's home, at the foot of the Gi'een Mountains, Ver- mont. He went by way of double waggon to Hamilton; from there to Toronto by boat, and stopped tiiere three days on account of a storm, claimed by the cajttain to be the most severe he had known in five years. He sailed from Toronto to Schenectady, York State, and from there to White Hall, Vermont, and went from there to the old homestead, a distance of thirty-eight miles. Mr. Harnard remained inider the old jiarental roof until thirty years of age, .and then ])ur- chased the farm where he now resides, which was then a dense forest. He cleared the land and helped to build the house in which he now lives. In \H5'2 he married Miss Cfiroline Jackson, daughter of William and Mandana ((Jurtice) Jackson. Mr. Jackson was ati early settler from Vermont, and moved to London Town.ship in ] .S34. Fiom there he moved to Westminster Township. They were the parents of five children, Andrew, I'ornelius, Caroline, Martha ; ud Louise. Mr. Jackson lived to be 72 years of age, was a soldier in the war of 1812, was in the battle or l*lattsbm'g, and a bullet discharged from the enemy's gun ])loughed its way through the crown of his hat. Mr. Curtice, the maternal grandfather of ^Irs. Barnard, was a Eevolutioiiary soldier on the American side, and Andrew Jackson, her brother, took ])art in the United States civil war, and was a sujiporter of the Union. Mrs. Barnard, in her maiden days, held the jiosition of school teacher, and cites an instance when it became her auty to severely reprimand quite a sized youth, his f)lfence being that oi having thrown a small garter snake al)out the neck of one of the school girls. This same lad afterwards became her brother in-law. To Mr. and Mrs. Barnard were born ten children, five of whom have lived to the present time, John, Albert, Emma, Eliza and Julia. Owing to the abundance of wild game of those earlier days and a natural inclination for rifle-shooting, Mr. Barnard became a practiced and skilled marksman. In ISoS he encountered a large bear upon his own farm. Nine times, with xmemng aim, sjied from his rifle the dccath-dealing leaden messenger l)efore master Bruin gave o'er the con- test. The bear must have weighed 400 pounds. At another time four wolves stubbornly challenged his right to the possession of .some deer he had marked for his own. Mr. Barnard takes considerable interest in educational matters and the success of schools. The Niles- town school is one of the best in the county. He is a Reformer in politics, and is, together with his wife, a member of the Baptist Church. They are blessed with the knowledge of knowing and seeing their children, all of whom are now grown to manhood and womanhood, following in their footsteps and holding the more importtint and responsible positions both in church and society. COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX. 71'..) B. F. Baetlett. This s«"tlp»i'i"i who is a resident of Mt. I'ry(l<,'es, and who was one ()(' the fiv.st settlers of Caradoc Townshij), is a native of MacHson County, N. Y., was born December 21, 1S21, and is the youn,t,'est of eitjht children born to the union of Ijenjaniin and JSetsey (I'ratt) Hart- lett, both natives of Massachussetts. The jiarents left their native State in 1.S27 and located in Caradoc Townshi]), Middlesex County, Out., where the father jiurchased KJU acres of land, to which lie sidjse- <|iiently added another hundred acres. He continued farming,' until his death, which occurred in liSlil ; Mrs. IJartlett had died jirevious to this, in ISo)! Owiny to the scarcity of schools and of the unsettled condition of the country, B. F. Bartlett did not receive the l)est educa- tional advantages, but improved what opportunities he did receive. With three of liis neif;hbor.s' children he attended school kept at the liome of one of these neighlxirs during the winter months, and in the summer he assisted on the farm. In November, 1817, he married Misis Rachel Adamson, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the daughter of John and Kebecca Adamson. After this iniion they moved, first to Toronto, anil later to Middlesex County, where they have since resided. Here were born to them the following children : — Albert and Victoria, twins (Albert died when an infant, and Victoria married Dugald McLean), James, Henry, George (who died at the age of eight years), Do Loss (who died at the age of seven year.s), xVnnie (who dii'd at the age of three yeans), Frank, Amy (who died at the age of two years), Elda and Edgar. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett are both members of the Chiu'ch of England, in the services of which he has always taken an active part. In 1850-1 lie was collector of taxes for Cara- doc Township, and was census taker in IcS.")!!. I'olitically he has .always been a staunch lleformer. He is a well-read man, and a " pioneer of the pioneers," having been an eye-witness of the marvellous growth and vast improvements that have been made in the county during the jiast sixty years. He has been a liberal contributor to all enterprises which had for their object the welfare of the county, and during the sunset of his life he has the satisfaction of knowing that he is well resjiected and esteemed. He was for many years a farmer, but subsequently he engaged in the hotel business at Mount Brydges, after which he was a contractor in the railroad business, and in this he sustained heavy losses. He then assxmied charge of the Victoria Hotel at Mt. Brydges, which was destroyed by fire in 18G2. William Heney Baeteam. William Henry Bartram, barrister of London, was born in ( 'helton- ham, Gloucestershire, England, August 21, 1848, and is a .son r)f Wil- liam and Emily (Soule) Bartram, both of English jiarentage, and, on the parental side, of Scotch desccmt. The father was an architect, but not 726 U18T0UY OF THE fm(linn the committee of management, of which body he was generally chair- man. He find his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church, and he was a man who always lived a life of honorable and useful citizenship, winning the respect and esteem of all by his many admir- able traits of character. /. H. A. BEATTIE. J. H. A. Be.ittie, a rising young barrister of London, Ont., is a native of the town in which he now resides, and was born on April 7, 18(J3. His ])arents, John and Virginie (Puttemans) Beattie, were born in the north of Ireland and in Belgium respectively, the former coming to Canada with his parents when fourteen years of age. He was a prominent and successful merchant of London for many years, and is now living retired from active business life, enjoying the fruits of his many years of toil. J. H. A. Beattie, his son, was reared in the town of London, and was chiefly educated by Dr. Tassie, of the town of Gait, and pursued his legal studies under the directions of Hon. W. R. Meredith. He was called to the bar in Hilary term, 1888, and was also appointed Notary Public and Solicitor. He belongs to the Independent Order of Foresters; is a member of the firm of Meredith, 728 IIISTOUY OF TIIK FisliiM" Si Bi'uttio, Olio of llu; Iciuliiii,' (ii'iiis of biiiTistors in VVcsttTn Ontario, iimi, iis such, is iissociutftl in his pmt'tice with Winiiiiu It. Mcit'dith, Ksc}., Q. C, M. V. P., the leader of the Opposition in the Lojiishiture of Ontiirio. Edward Beattie. Kdwiucl Jk'iittie is ii jpi'oininent fiunn'r of Noitli l)i)rchester Town- .shijp, iind is a son of WilHain lieatlic, wiui was a iiativt; of Lidilesdali'. Uoxhuriisliiiv, Scotland, and was niairied to .Janet Ho),';^, who bore him lifteen children: — John, VVilliaiu, Catherine, Mar^'aret, June, James, Isaliella, Andrew, Kdward, Janet, Xancy, l)avid, Mary, I'eter aiul (Jeorjic. Mr. Heattie was a shejiherd in his iiativi; land, but, after cominj^ to Canada in ISliO, enyaj,'ed in tilliiin the soil on a farm of loU acres, which he had entered, lie fir,st resided in a little loj^-hou.se, but it has loii<^ since j;iven place to a ctiininodious and comfortable residence, and liis farm, which was then a wilderness, now yields abundant crops. After comiiif^ to the New World, he first located in the United States, in New York State, but soon after came to Canada, where he spent tilt! remainder of his days, dyiiii,' in 18G4 at the a<,'e of seventy-two years, having been a member of the Presbyterian (Jhurch for many years. Kdward IJi-attie, his son, and the immediate subject of this sketch, was born on the old homestead, at I'oiid Mills, was reared on a faini, and received his education in a school conducted by Adam Murray. After reachiiif,' manhood, he married Jane Stewart, a daughter of Charles and Agnes (I'atton) Stewart, aiiil eight children were the result of their union: — William K., (.Charles S., John P., James G., Agnes, Andrew A., danet A. and David \i. Previous to his marriage, Mr. Heattie had taken ii]( some land on the lake shore, where he lived for three years, and in IS.I.'i bought his ])resent farm of 2(10 acres, to which ])lace he brought his wife, whom he married in ISoG. They are members of the Presbyterian ('hurch, and he is a Peformer, hold- ing liberal views on all subjects of importance. He has taken an active interest in all matters pertaining to the advancement of schools, and has held the otHce of School Trustee for a number of years. He is essentially a self-made man, and deserves inucli commendation for the way in which he has surmounted many obstacles ; for he started in life with no capital but an abundant supply of energy and deter- mination, and in time became one of the wealthy citizens of the county. He is now the owner of 2;")0 acres of fine farming land, and has assisted his .sons in obtaining odO acres more. His farm is well stocked, and he has a substantial brick residence and excellent barns. Nelson Beaver. Nelson Heaver, a farmer of Muncey Reserve, Caradoc Township, is & celebrated hunter and trader, and is Chief of the Chippewa Indians ; Bea ant' deer Iiidi Call COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. 720 his ancestors for iiuuiy {generations hack liaviiii,' been noted ( "liieftains. His father, Meskohenas, or Ited JJinl, uftcu" liis "^randfatlier'.s deatli, was succeeded by liis brother Toniaoo; after Tomaco's deatli, was succeeded by John Uihiy, an uncle of Nelson Heavcu', and other chiefs. His maternal j,'randfalher was Nowwowsisswahnaby, who was one of the •greatest chiefs of his trib(i and foUL;lit under Tecuniseh, and was a ]mv- ticijiant in the battle of I.undy's Lane. The wife (»f Meskobenas was Oniiss(iuahbun, and to tlieni were born twelve children, six of whom lived to l)e {,'rown. Nelson I'leaver was born in March, 1S19, and fol- lowed the wanderings of his tribe alouj,' the Thames liiver, enj,M;,'ed in huntinf,' and tishinj,'. They resided in cabins made of red elm bark with a fire in the centre. Their floors also consisted of the bark, and their beds of the skins of wild animals, and as wood was to be had all around them, they kept {,'ood fires and livi'd very comfortably during the Ion;,', cold winter months. Air. Heaver well remembers Chief Jim Muskahuij^e, who fouj^ht in the War of 1812, Chief Yahbance, (Jhief Aliskokomon, Old Kanotanj,', who was a great warrior anil was head Chief of the liear Creeks, Jim Cary or Bakakadus, who was one of the greatest warriors of his day, and Simon, wliu was also famed as a warrior. The Indians believe in the (Jreat Spirit, and that after death they will go to the llai)]>y Hunting Grounds; but all are compelled to cross a rapid river, aiiross which a log is stretched, which the good Indians readily cross, but the bad Indians find to be very slippery ;ind treacherous, and will finally fall into the water beneath, thus losing all chance of reaching the much desired Happy Hunting Grounds. Nelson 13eavor's father died just prior to his birth, and his mother was killed by a drunken son, who, eight years after, killed himself. Marriages were solemnized in the following fashion : — The would-be- groom's parents would take ju'csents of deer skins and ])onies to the bride, and if these j^resents were accepted, the bargain was nuide ; and after such a marriage the i)arties seldom left each otliei', but con.sidered their marriage binding forever, and unchastity was a thing almost unknown among them. Mr. Beaver thinks the Indians of the jireseut day are much more immoral than when he was a boy. Mr. Beaver himself was married Indian fashion, and lived this way until he was forty years of age. In 1852 he went to California, taking the overland route via Salt Lake, with Dr. Billington, James Patrick, B. Jiurley, Luke Allison, John Dodd, M. Thompson, John White, D. Hogarth, Mr. Hebert and several others, purchasing their outfit in Kansas City (which then consisted of but one store), then pressed on westward and s])ent two weeks at Salt Lake City, where they well treated by the Mormons. They were over five months on the journey, and Mr. Beaver went as hunter and guide ; but they often sullered with hunger, anc' at one time were without food. Mi. Beaver killed a great many deer, three builidos and eight antelopes. He saw a great many wild Indians, and came near being killed by them ; and after living in California for about eight months, returned home via the Isthmus of 46 730 HISTORY OF THE Panama. He has been a great luinter all his life, and estimates tliat he has killed 2,")0() deer during his lifetime, eiirhty being black-tailed deer, which he killed in Calil'ornia. In Novcnnber and December .lo killed 150 deer in Dorchester Townshij), after his retnrn from the West. He has also killed many wolves and elk, and has an excellent voice for calling the latter. In ISGO he married Mary lioberts, wlio died after bearing two sons, William and lUirwell, and ibnr daughters. He next married Helen M. Ganzeboot, who was three-fourths white and one-fourth Tnscarora Indian. They have one son, George W. Nelson Beaver is a member of tlie Methodist Churcli, and ha.s acted as interpreter to clergymen on the Manitouliu Island for many years. He owns a ^.^ood farm of 100 acres, on which is an excellent brick residence, and also owns 250 acres on the Indian Reserve. He is now sixty-nine years of age, has an excellent memory, and is noted for his shrewdness and intelligence. He is as well-informed as many white people, has always been a law-abiding citizen, and as he has surmounted untold difliculties, his race may well emulate him and point to his career with pride. Frederick Marlett Bell-Smith. In the progressive age in which we live the painters' art has steadily kept pace with commercial advance, wliile the enlightened education of the day makes us the more a])preciative works of science and art. Hence, it is fit and proper that ])ainting, fostered as it has been since the early ages, should in the history of the county be duly represented; and he whose name heads this sketcli needs no further introduction to the citizens of London. He was born in London, England, September 26, 1846. His father, John Bell-Smitli, was - ])ortrait jiainter of wide reputation, and came to (."anada in 1866. llis mother, (Jeorgiana Maria, was the daughter of Mavlett Eoddy, who was an olHcer in the service of the Admiralty. Of the twelve children born to his ]iarents, Frederick M. Bell-Smith was the eldest. He was educated in England, and early developed a talent in what has since been his chosen occu- mtion, and he received special instruction in the best art schools of ■gland. On his arrival in Canada in 1867, one year later than liis lather, he settled in Montreal, and lived there until 1871, when he removed to Hamilton, where he remained until 187"). He then changed his residence to Toronto, but later returned to Hamiltdii, where he remained until his removal to London in 18gular a])])renticesliip, and in 1858 engaged in the business on his own account, and at tlie jn'esent time is one of the oldest merchants in the city. If is stock of goods is vciy full and comjilete, and represeius th(! most re])utabl(i manufac- turers, as well as hats and caps of his own nuike, his establislnnent being the favorite resort of the mo.st fastidious. He first embarked in business on a small scale, but increased his stock from time to time COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 7:^c as far as his means would permit, and in so doing attended strictly to business, even to its most trivial details, and was always attentive and scruj)nlously honest with his customers, and thereby has built up a trade which, in point of magnitude, is unequalled by any house in the same business in the city. In the early history of London he became prominent as a member of the Fire Dei)artment, and served in this capacity for about fifteen years. He is a member of Forest City Lodge, No. 3(S, L 0. 0. F., and a member of Adelphian Encampment, ("anton No. 1, of London. He is Grand Treasurer of the Grand Encampment of the L O. O. F., and is also a member of St. Georoe's Lodge of the A. F, and A. ]\[. In 186() he was married to Miss Lydia Hanson, a daughter of ( ". F. 1 Fanson, manager of the Lake Erie, Essex & Detroit Eailroad, running from Windsor to Kingsville. W. J. BIRKS. W. J. Birks, organist at the Dundas Street Methodist Church, London, Canada, and musical instructor, was born in Goderich, County of Huron, Out. His father. Rev. W. Birks, was born in Staifordshire, England, and was there reared to manhood, and there ju'ejiared him- self for his chosen calling. In 185-i he was sent as a missionary from England to Canada, and is still living, actively engaged in his minis- terial labors. He was married in his native land to Miss Julia Plant, and by her became the fiither of three sons, W. J. Birks being the eld(?st. The latter was reared in Canada, aTid resided in the various places his father's work called him, and early developed a talent for music. He studied with F. H. Torrington, of Toronto, and subse- quently went to England, where he remained five years. While there he was engaged as organist in one of the leading Methodist churches of London, and during three years of his .stay there studied with the late Frederick Scotson Clark, a celebrated English organist and com- poser. Before his return to ( 'anada, ho made an eTigagement wit^ the Dundas Street Centre Methodist Church, and ho has just completed an engagement of five years, and has b(!en engaged for another five years. He has a natural aptitude as a conductor of music, and is devoted to the work. His choir, which comprises s(!venty-five voices, is one of the best drilled in Canada, and tlieir rendering of sacred music adds much to the devotional services of the church. Mr. Birks is always striving to raise the standard of music in London, and in this he has the sup- ])ort of the peojile at large. His rooms in the Oddfellow's Hall are liberally patronized by musical students. Feter Birtwistle. Among the business men of London, Out., who have won dis- tinction as successful merchants, and who have, by personal industry 734 HISTORY OF THE ■i and genuine business ability, succeeded in establishing a desirable trade, may be mentioned Mr. Birtwistle, whose name heads this brief biography. His career has placed him ])rominently before the public as an able financier, and his reputation has been obtained by tireless energy, unyielding perseverance, a keen foresight of events, a skillful adaptation to the tastes find necessities of the public, nnd a judicious use of means. He was born in Kngland, and is the eldest son of Joseph and Mary (Blackburn) Birtwistle, and received a liberal education in his youth at Satley College, Birmingham. In ISfia he immigrated to Canada, and for a period of two years was engaged in teaching school, after which he returned to England, and the subsequent two years was engaged in the manufacture of dross goods. in 1869 he again came to Ontario, and opened a jewelry store in London, and, as stated sibove, no one in the city has established a more enviable reputation for honor and fair dealing than he. His stock is purchased for cash of the manu- facturers, and is sold at jirices btit little, if any, in advance of what other dealers pay, a benefit that his many patrons are not slow to avail themselves of. By strict attention to business he has built up a trade which, in magnitude and valuable returns, is not exceeded in his line in the city. A few such men as he make a city, and are indisjiensable to its ])rosperity and develo]>men*^. When shrewdness, ability, enter- prise, and industry are combined, wealth is certain to be accumulated, and is not only enjoyed by the one thus gifted, b.it by the many to whom a means of livelihood is afl'orded and to the city and country as well. Although a careful business man, he is noted for the liberal assistance extended to more than one young man, whose business prospects are now ])roniising, and who are indebted to his bounty and timely aid. He is a member of the ]\Iasonic order, and is a Past Master of Kilwinning lodye, No. 64. Jo SI AH Blackburn. Josiah Blackburn, managing editor of the London Free Prei year. He aided .soon afterwards in the estidjlishnient of the IngersoU Chronicle, and for some time conducted both jiapers. He began issuing the DaUij Free Press in 1S55, and at that time was in accord witli liie lieform jiarty of the day, and at the general election of 1858 was one of the candidates of thiit ])arty, but was tlefeated bj' the late Marcus Tulbot. Li LS5'J a ditlerence aro.se with his political friends, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 735 growinn; out of the attitude of the Globe with resjiect to an attack made in its columns on the motives of the judges in the decisions tliey gave in the episode known as the " Double Shnftle." The course taken by Mr. Blackburn was hotly denounced, and an attempt was made to dragoon him, after the manner of those times. Shortly after he adduced reasons why the Reformers should look to the late Hon. .fohn Sandfield Macdonald as their leader, and in l(S(.i2 that highly-honored gentleman was called to office at Quebec, and Mr. Blackburn was asked by his Government to conduct the Mercui'y in the interests of the Mini.stry, to which he agreed, availing himself of the valuable services of Mr. George Sheppard. After the fall of the Sandfield Macdonald Adminis- tration in l(S(j4, a coalition of the parties took place on the basis of the Confederation of the whole of the l^ritish North American Provinces, finding the Hon. George Brown in the same Cabinet with his ancient op])ononts. Sir .lohn S. Macdonald and Sir George Cartier supported that movement, and Mr. Blackburn remained firmly attached to those men and the cause which they represented, and thus declined, with others, to follow Mr. Brown when he retired from the ranks of the Coalition Government. In 1872, Mr. ]>lackburn was requested to aid in the establishment of the Toronto Mail, and remained connect'jd with that pa])er for about fifteen months. In 1881 he was appointed one of the chief census oflicers, and in 1884 was chosen as one of a committee to proceed to Washington to investigate the methods of public printing adopted there, reporting on the same. He has been recognized in many ways as a useful member of the Canadian press, and has been an extremely active journalist. Upon political que.'itions Mr. Blackburn's judgment is admitted to be very sound, and he never, by haste or immature consideration, prejudices the interest of his party. Stephen Blackburn. Stephen Blackburn, Registrar of West Middlesex, is a native of England, born near London, August G, 1826, son of Kev. John Black- burn, a pastor of the Congregational denomination in London for thirty- five years, who was a man of high attainments, and for many years held the position of secretary of the Congregational Union of England and ^^^1les. His mother was Sarah Smith, a .Uughter of Robert Smith, a landea proprietor in Essex, England. Stephen Blackburn is the fourth soi; in a family of eleven children ; was educated at Mill Hill Grammar School, near Hendon, ^liddlesex, England. In 184:9 he entered into business as ])rinter and publisher in London, England, as a ]iartner of Mr. R. K. Burt, the firm subsisting for seven years under the style of lUackburn & Burt. After the death of both parents he emigrated to Canada. Here he engaged in business with his brother Josiah, as publisher of the Free Press, of London, Canada, which, having been a small weekly paper, was merged into a daily 736 mSTOUY OK THE edition j\fay 5, 1855. Mr. S. Bliickbuni took an ixctivo jxirt in the businoss flopartment of tlie firm, and in Jnly, 1871, severed his con- nection with the same, havin*,' accejited tlie ajijiointinnnt of Rej^istrar of West Middlesex (onice at (llencoe) from the (Jovcrinncnit of the Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald, first Premie^'of Ontario, which ho still retains, having filled the position with honor and credit to himself, and satisfaction to the pnblic. Sejitember 2(i, 18.")7, ho married at London, P^nf^land, Miss Susanna Whitaker, second daughter of Henry Whitakor, solicitor of Chancery Lane, London, who founded the celebrated legal publica- tion known as Wliitaker's Almanac. To Mr. and Mrs. S. lilacklmrn were born four children, a son and three dauglitors. The eldest, HoTiry S., is a partner in the firm of I'lackburn & Cox, solicitors, London, Canada. Mr. lilackburn is a member of Lome Lodge, No. 282, A. F. and A. M., at Glencoe ; and has been a Freemason since l.S5o. William Blinn. William Blinn, who is closely associated with the farming interest of Westminster Townshij), Middlesex County, Ont, is the son of War- ren and HaiTiet Blinn, and the grandson of James Blinn, who was born in Vermont, in 1770, and emigi'ated to Lower Canada about 1800. He settled at CIranby, and his descendants live on the old farm, which consists of 800 acres. Warren Blinn, father of subject, was also a native of Vermont, and was but one year old when he was brought by his parents to Lower Canada. He was of French descent on his father's side, and of English on his mother's side. Ho immigrated to ^Middlesex County when about twenty-nine years of age, and brought with him his wife and daughter, Eliza, and one son, William, who is the subject of this sketch, and who was then five years of age. Mr. Blinn had married, in Lower Canada, Miss Harriet Dyer, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth Dyer, whose si.ster, Lotta, married Capt. Butler, of Massachusetts, and became the mother of the eminent Gen. Benj. F. Butler, of the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Blinn became the parents of tlu'oo children — William, Eliza and Hiram. Mr. Blinn first settled when; the Insane A,sylum now stands, and was a contractor by occupation, and also owned a mill. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and died in 1876, at the age of seventy-.seven years. His wife died in 1882, at the age of !S4. Their son, William, was born in Lower Canada in 182;>, and received a fair education on Market Square, where the Market now stands, and finished in Brick street school. He learned in early life the trade of a miller, and, in 1847, was united in marriage to Miss Flint, daughter of Robert and Hannah Flint. To Mr. and Mrs. Blinn have been born three children — Eliza M., Robert W. and William. G. Robert Flint was an Englishman, who came with liis fiimily to this county in L830, and two years later moved to Byron, where he worked at the mason trade for some time. COUNTY or MIDDLKSKX. r.\7 Later lie bouj,'lit a farm. Ho was tlie futlierof seven children — Ilohert G., Geor^'o, Mary fdeccased), ^lary, I'iriiey, Patience and H. B, Mr. Flint died at the au'e of seventy-five years. Ho was a memher of the Church" of Enfjland, and was a prosiierous farmer. M;-. Jilinn was engaged in milling at difl'erent places in the county for seventeen years, and for six of these years followed this occu])ation in Byron. In 1858 he bought his ]iresent farm, consisting of 2'25 acres of fine land on the 1st Concession, where he has since lived. ]Mr. Blinn is an upright, honorable, gentleman, and has the respect of his fellowmen. He takes an active interest in all laudable enterju-ises, and has been School Trustee for twenty years. He is a lieformer in politics, and he and his wife are mend)ers of the ]\Iethodist Church, of which he iis Steward. He is a self-made man in every respect, and has made all his ])roperty by his own labor. Robert Bodkin. Eobert Bodkin, a popular and enterprising merchant at Delaware, and son of William and Sarah (Bell) Bodkin, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, August 17, 1843. The parents were both natives of Ireland, and came to Canada in 1847, locating in Delaware Township, where the father followed farming, and where he still resides. In their family were ten children, Eobert being the fifth. He remained with liis jiarents until of age, and at the age of eighteen began teaching, which occupation he followed for three years. Pie then entered tlio Victoria College of Medicine at Toronto, where ho remained two and a- half years, but was then obliged to abandon his studies on account of ill health. After spending some time in tilling the soil to regain his health, he again engaged in teaching, and followed this occupation for seven years, when failing health again compelled him to return to agr-icultural pursuits. In 1875 he established a mercantile business at Delaware, where he has since continued. In 1872 he married Miss Mary A. McFarlane, a native of Canada, and a daughter of Donald McFarlane, Esq. Three children— two sous and a daughter — were the result of this union. Mr. ]]odkin is a member of the Alethodist Church, is a Liberal in politics, has served as township clerk since 1873, is a class leader in the church, and is president of the Bible Society for the township. In 187G he received tlie ajipointment of jjostmaster, in which capacity he acted until 1883, when he resigned the position. He has the position of issuer of marriage licenses in Delaware, and is president of the Sabbath School Association for the united Townships of Westminster and Delaware. John Bogue. John Bogue, one of the old and much esteemed citizens of the county, and a prominent farmer of Westminster Township, was born 7:^8 HISTOUY OF THE in Scotland, November 27, 1800, and is a descendant of one of the old and Ht«rlin<» Scotch families who have done so mnch to clear up the country atul make presentable the plcuisant homes of to-day. He was a fjardener by irade, and in 1820 went to England, where six years later he wa^i united in marriage to Miss Klizabeth Parrot. This union resulted in the birth of eight children, who grew to maturity :— John, Allen, James, Thomas, David, liichard, Ann, and Emma. In 1837, Mr. Bogue immigrated to Canada and settled on a farm of 1 20 acres on the 1st Concession, Lot — . Mr. Bogue cleared his farm with his own hands, and was a hard-working man. He is held in high esteem by all who know him ; is in very comfortable circumstances, and is now enjoying the fruits of his labor. He is a member of the Bajaist Church, of which his wife, who died in 1886, was also a member. Mr, Bogue is now in his iiyd, Imth natives of Ireland. About ISaO the father died, and llu* mother with her family then removed to Tort Dover, Canada. Here Harry J. lioyd was reared, and after attaiinni^ a suitable aj,'e, served an aiJprenticeship at the; tinsmith business, beeoniinj^ thoroughly conversant with this industry in all its details. In ISOd he came to London, and was first in the einjiloy of Munay Anderson, with whom he remained thre(( months, and was then engaged by Samuel Melhide, one of tlie oldest houses in this lino in the city. In 1878 he engaged in business on his own account in partnershij) with Alexander MeHride, a brother of his former em])loyer ; imt, owing to sickness in Mr. MclSride's family, the partnership was dissolved, and subse([nently Mr. l>oyd had a Mr. I'hillips as partner for a short time. Mr. lioyd is now conducting business on his own account, and has a well-selected stock of stoves and tinware of his own manufacture. He does a general contract business in furnaces, gal- vanized iron cornices, tin rooling, etc. He was the first man in London to manufacture galvanized iron cornices, anil his correct methods of doing business, and the thorough mamier in which he tloes his work, have secured for him a large patronage. Mr. Boyd was married in I8C8 to Miss Annie Kendrick, daughter of John Kendrick. She was born at the Cape of Good Hope while her father was stationed there as one of the sa]ipers and miners. They have a family of five ch.ildren — Herbert John, Frederick, Harry, Ernest IL, and Bessie May. ^Ir. Boyd has been a member of the L 0. 0. ¥. for si.xteen years. JOHN BOYD. In the development, growth and improvement of the City of Lon- don and Middlesex County, the Boyd family have taken a prominent part, and are worthy a prominent place in this volume. John Boyd, whose name heads this sketch, was born in County Kings, Ireland, November 20, 1848. His parents, Kobert and Mary (Fell) Boyd, being natives of County Kings, Ireland, and Liverpool, England, respectively. They emigrated to Canada in 1861 ; two of .Mr. I)oyd's brothers, Henry and Archil -aid, having come in 1832, and Mr. Boyd began working as a merchant tailor, which occupation he continued to follow until his death in April, 1888. He was a man who had long been identified with the interests of London, and was a successful merchant ; quiet and retiring in his disposition, but of great strength of character. He was a member of the order of Orangemen, ami in his dealings with his fellow-men his word was as good as his bond. John was the eldest of five children, and worked with his father at the tailor's trade. In 1871 he became a partner in the business, in time assuming the responsibilities, and succeeded his father in the business &kL COUNTY OK MIIiDLKSKX. 741 after the lattev's death. In 1876 ho wuh dinscMi a inembor of the City Cduucil, and with the exci'j)ti()n of an interval of two years, lius liidd tliL' ])osition until tlu; present time, a record which .speaks for itself as to his j)0]mlarity and business ability as a ;,'nu''dian of tlie city's inter- ests. Mi.ss Sarah Morris, of St. Marys, Canada, and a native of Scot- land, l)ecanio his wife in 1871, and their union has been blessed by a family of four children : — Frederick \V., Eda F., liobert ^L, and Ajj^'ie, Mr. lioyd is a Master Mason, a mendxjr of the I. 0, O. F,uud is noted for his ]iractical and metliodical business habits. P. F. Boyle. V. V. Boyle, Secretary of the Ontario Mutual Fire Insurance Coni- ])any of London, and one of the successful business men of the city, was born in Kin'.;s County, Ireland, Deceml)er 25, 1846, and is the son of AV. F. ami l^llen (J>oyli;) Boyle; were both natives of the "Emerald Isle," and i)arents of two chiltlren. The suliject of this sketch was dejirived by death of the jiarental care of ii father, and I'emained in his native country until a little over seven years of age, when he came with his mother to Ontario, and settled near Exx'ter. Here his early life was sjjent on a farm, and he here followed agricultural jiursuits until about 1871, when he moved to London. In 1872 he became comiected with the Ontario ^Mutual Fire Insurance Comjtany, and has passed the various grades of j)romotiou until 1883, when he was elected st!cretary and manager (full mention of which is given in another j)art of the volume), and has fdled these positions to the satis- faction of the company and to the .satisfaction of those with whom he has had bu,siness relations. Mr. Boyle was married in 187-5 to Miss Mary Howe, a native of Ireland, who was brought by her jiarents to this country while an infant. They have an interesting family of four children — May, Willie, Ella antl Maggie. Amos Bradforb. la every community and among all classes there are always some men who become leaders in whatever they do, whether of a professional, agricultural he set out upon a tour of travel, proceeding to California overland on foot, and returning by the Isthmus of Panama, in 185 Benjamin, Joshua, Josiah (born June li9, 176()\ Lucy (your grand- mother), Elizabeth, and Lydia. Of Josiah's family I have the ])romise of a full record. The terms of your letter encourage me to ex])ect a like account of the family and descendants of Lucy (Hinckley) liurch, and more than this, I am encouraged to hope for information as to the families of other brothers and sisters of your grandmother. In what town in Ohio did Joshua Hinckley settle ? Was the Benjamin Hinck- ley, whom you visited some three years ago, Joshua's son ? What is his address ? If you know of any way of obtaining trace of the other children of Joshua Hinckley, besides Thomas, who married DeCost, you will oblige me by communicating upon that auVyect. I think that Ruth Hinckley, daughter of Joshua, born February 2, \TM, married Joseph Barrish, March 23, 1758, and Lydia Hinckley, born April 1, 1736, mairied the same date Barzillia Kin (balance of name lost). Hoping to have the pleasure of hearing from you in the early future, I remain, very truly yours, JosiAii Hincklky, .ik., Ill) F street, South Boston, Mass. Caftain James Burgess. Captain James Bm-gess, retired farmer, was born in the city of Carlisle, County of Cumberland, England, August 14, 1821, and is a son of Thomas and Margaret (Foster) Burgess, who were born in Eng- land, and are of celebrated ancestry, Thomas Burgess was a tailor by trade, a member of the English dragoons, and in 1832 came with his family to Canada, taking passage at Worthington, and landed at Que- bec after a five weeks' ocean voyage. He soon after went to Toronto, where he worked at his trade for a number of years ; then purchased a farm near the town, on which he settled and resided until his death in 1859. His wife died one year earlier, both being over eighty years of age. James Burgess was about seven years of age when his parents came to Canada, and, although very young, received the principal pait of his education in England, supplemented by a short attendance in the schools of Toronto. When the Rebellion of 18o7 broke out he was residing on the farm with his i^arents, but immediately enlisted and marched to the front, serving throughout the entire war — two years. In 1851 he came to London and engaged in the foundry business in partnership with John Elliott, but in 1853 went to Australia, and, dur- ing a four years' residence in that country, was engaged in mining and teaming. In 1857 he returned home, but in 1859 sold his interest in the foundry business and purchased a farm in London Township, where he made his home for twenty-three years. In 1887 he moved to London, where he is enjoying the fruits of a long and well-spent career during his declining years. In 1860 he was elected Captain of the COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 753 1st London Troop Ciivalry Volunteers, serving in that capacity for several years, and was commander of the escort of the Prince of Wales. In all his dealin<^s with men, ]Mr. Bur<;;ess has been prompt, fair and just, and owing to his upright and holiorable conduct, has made many warm personal friends. As a Christian and member of the Methodist Church, he has ever been ready to aid the poor and oppressed, and is very tolerant of those who ditl'er from him. He is a member in good standing of the Masonic Order, and in 1849 was married in Toronto to Miss Mary A. Townley, by whom he has two children — James T. and Margaret A. Patrick J. Burke. Patrick J. Burke, Secretary of the London Water-works, was born in Montreal, March 27, lHt)4, and is a son of John O. Hurke, who was born in Ireland, and came to Canada in 1 8 "(2, and worked as railroad conductor on the Grand Trunk Railway. His wife was a Miss Bridget Lareagan, also a native of Ireland, and by her he became the father of four children. Patrick J. Burke was the eldest of the family, and until he was twelve years of age he resided in Montreal. At that period he came to London and worked at different occupations until 187iS, when he became an en)ploye in the office of the Water-works, being office boy. Owing to his faithful and efficient service, he was gradually promoted until, in 1885, he was appointed secretary, and, not- withstanding his youth, he has discharged the duties of the position in a manner that reflects credit on his ability. ^ George Buttery. George Buttery, another pioneer of Adelaide Township, and the son of John and Ann (Wilkinson) Buttery, was born in Nottinghamshire, England, June 24, 1820. The parents were also natives of England, and were born 1794 and about 1798, and died in Adelaide Township in 1858 and 1880, respectively. Of their eight children (six now living), George Buttery is the eldest. In 1822 he emigrated with his parents to Canada and settled in Lower Canada, sixty miles east of Montreal. Here the family remained for some time, and then moved forty miles above that city ; but in the fall of 1881 came to Ancaster, where they remained until April, 1832. They then came to Adelaide Township, where George Buttery has since resided. This Township was then known as the New Survey. They were the first family to settle in what is now known as Adelaide Townshij), and the mother of the subject of this sketch was the first white woman to settle in that Township. The first cabin was built on Lot 25, second Concession south of the Egremont road. In 18;3() the Buttery family moved to where George Buttery now resides, and his father, John Buttery, was 754 HISTOKY OF THE president of the first agricultural society in this part of the county, and was one of the first commissioners elected from Adelaide Township. George Buttery is a farmer by occu])ation, and one of the successful yeomen of Middlesex County. He is the owner of 214 acres of good land, and has been a resident of this Township for fifty-six years. He has been quite a hunter in his day, having killed as many as 400 deer with one gun. He was married in 1840 to Miss Charlotte Ra[)ley, who was born in County Sussex, England, in 1820. They have five children — John W., William George, Joseph T., Ezella Ann and Charlotte M. Mr. Buttery is a prominent Liberal in his political opinions, and for many years was one of the leading spirits of the Agricultural Association of West Middlesex. In 1853 he assessed the Township, two years later was elected to the Township Council, and in 1856 he was elected Keeve, serving altogether nine years in the Town- ship Council. He is one of the representative men and farmers of this portion of the county, and has the respect of all who know him. Matthew Caldwell. Matthew Caldwell is of Scotch-English descent, and a son of John Caldwell, who was born in Nova Scotia and came to Ontario, settling on the Second Concession, in Middlesex County, in March, 1818, bringing his family, which consisted of a wife and seven children, with him. Tiie names of the latter are as follows : — John, Meron, Eliza- beth, Ezekiel Bobert, Hannah, Sarah A., and Inst was born Matthew. The country was in a very wild state at the time of their settlement, not a tree having been cut where the city of London now stands. Mr. Caldwell entered 200 acres of land, which he managed to clear by dint of hard labor, and became noted throughout his neighborhood as a hard working man, and one whose word was as good as his bond. He was a member of the Methodist Church, being also a local preacher in the same, and lived to be 77 years of ago. Matthew Caldwell, his son, was born at Long Point, Canada, in 1814, but was reared on his father's farm in Middlesex County, where he became skilled in the art of woodcraft, but received very meagre educational advantages, what education he obtained being secured in the primitive log school- house of pioneer times. After reaching manhood he was married to Margaret J., a daughter of Gabriel and Polly (Green) Manning, by whom he became the father of two children, .John Henry and Sarah J. Mrs. Caldwell died six years after her marriage, and the widower then wedded Miss Maria, a daughter of Joseph and Hannah Manning, to which union was born the following family : — Margaret A., William, George, Hanr 'i, Joseph and Charles. Mr. Caldwell has resided on the i'arm on 'hich his father settled all his life. He and family attend the Methodist Church, and he has idways been an upright and honorable citizen and a true friend and neighbor. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 76S John Callard. A truth that must be everywhere regarded is, that keen perception, sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persevering and continuous efforts, will surely result in success in whatever occupation one may be engaged, and then possession is sure to accomjilish the aims hoped for. The career of John Callard bears out the truth of thia statement. Mr. Callard is a native of Devonshire, England, where he was born in 1841. His father, Thomas Callard, and his mother, whose maiden name was Jane I'etherbridge, were both natives of the same place as their son, and the father was a contractor and builder by occupation. John Callard was the eldest of seven children born to his parents, and was educated in the sea-side village of Dawlish At the age of fourteen he became connected with the mercantile and shipping firm of Newman, Hunt & Co., of Old London, and assigned to duty at Gaultvis and Burgeo, Newfoundland, remaining at these ports for eight years, when he was favored with a vacation for six months, and returned home to visit his parents. At the end of his leave of absence he returned to Newfoundland in the interests of the same firm, and for five years was at Harbor Britton, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland, as their chief accountant. In 1 867 he came to Ontario, and in 1869 he engaged in the drug business in Spjirta, County of Elgin, where he remained until 1881, when he came to London. Previous to this, in 1867 he married Miss White, daughter of the Rev. W. K. White, Rural Dean, of Fortune Bay, Newfoundland, Mr. and Mrs. Callard are the parents of eight children — Augusta J., Frederick, Annie, Fannie, John, Charles, Reginald and Harold, After coming to London, Mr. Callard, in con- nection with Mr. Kennedy, established the wholesale drug business of Kennedy & Callard, continuing at this one year. He then sold his interest and purchased his present place of business, and it is known as one of the oldest established drug stands of the city. As a citizen, no less than a business man, Mr. Callard has gained distinction, and enjoys the confidence of all his acquaintances. He is strictly attentive to business, even to its most trivial details ; urbane and pleasant in all his relations with the public, and scrupulously exact in the fulfillment of all representations and promises to customers. He has built a s.\tis- factoiy and profitable trade. In Jaimary, 1888, he was selected as a suitable person to represent his ward in the City Council, and in this capacity he has made a fixithful public servant, and also re-elected in January, 1889. Mr. Callard is a Past IMaster in the Masonic Order, Past G. 0. of the INIasonic G. L. of Canada; is a member of the Scottish Rite, I. 0. Foresters, Sons of England, and the A. O. U. W. LuD. K. Cameron. Lud. K. Cameron, manager of the Advertiser Printing and Pub- lishing Company, of London, Ontario, is a son of the late Mr. William 756 HISTORY OF THE Cameron, and a brother of John Catneron, general manager of the Toronto Globe. He was City Editor of the Advertiser at the time hia late brother William was manager, but left for Winnipeg in the spring of 1882, where he established Tlie Nor'-WeM Farmer, an agriciilttiral journal, wliich is still flourishing. On the death of liis brother William, he sold out his business in Matutoba and returned to Ontario to assume charge of the Advertiser. Shortly after his return he was elected president as well as manager. On the 22nd of May, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Lillie Groves Harwood, by whom he is the father of five interesting children. He has a pleasant and commodious residence at 443 Colborne street, London, and his connection with the Advertiser Printing and Publishing Company has been very instru- mental in advancing the interests of the company. A. D. Cameron (Deceased). A. D. Cameron (deceased) was a native of Tslay, Scotland, where his early days were spent in the shipping and forwarding business. After leaving his native land, he immigrated to Canada and settled in Toronto, wliere he remained five or six years, and then changed his place of residence to Dundas, where he made his home for about thir- teen years, and was the first man to engage in the coal business in that place. After residing for about a year in Toronto, he came to London, and in 1878 engaged in the coal and wood business, dealing also in lime, cements, fire-brick, .sewer-pipe and plasters, which busi- ness materially increased the reputation London has acquired as a business centre. His facility for handling coal was unsurpassed, and he was in direct comnmnication with some of the leading American mines, and always kept his yard well stocked with the finest qualities of coal and wood, commanding a large trade in the suiTounding country, as well as in the city of London. About four years ago he met with a serious accident, being knocked down by a Grand Trunk Railroad shunting engine at one of the city crossings, causing the losa of an arm and sustaining severe internal injuries. This accident con- fined him to the house for a number of months, and so impaired his health, that the management of the business has devolved on his son, George D.. ni he never regained his former health, and in 1888 cancer of the stomach supervened, and after severe sulfering, his defith occurred on February 11, 1889. He was a consistent member of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church, having been on the Board of Managment for about three yeare, and his death was deeply lamented by his numerous friends. A wife, one son and two daughters survive him. His son, George D., had been associated with him in business for ten years, the firm name being A. D. Cameron & Son, and the work ia still conducted under that name. George D. was born in Dun- das, Ontario, in 1864, and was reared to a thorough knowledge of his COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 757 present business. He spent some time in Buffalo — the coal distribut- ing point for the West — making himself still more familiar with the details of this work, and the successful manner in which he has con- ducted affairs is highly complimentary to his business ability. Dr. Cl T. Campbell Dr. Cl. T. Campbell is a native of the county in which he now re- sides, and was born December 27, 1843, His father, Thomas Campbell, was of Scotch ancestry, but came from Ireland to Canada about 1835, and was maiTied to Sarah Huggins, a member of a West India family that came to Elgin County after the emancipation, and to London during the Kebellion. The father was a carpenter and builder, and he and wife became the parents of eight children, of whom the doctor is the eldest. In early life he learned the trade of journalism, but after- wards gave this up to study medicine ; his first eHbrts in this direction being under the jjreceptorship of Dr. Lancaster. He continued to pur- sue his studies in the Cleveland Western Medical College, the Homoe- pathic College at Philadelphia, Penu., and the Blockley Hospital at Philadelphia, and then returned to London, Ont., and has been actively engaged in the ])ractice of his profession up to the present time, with the exception of about four years when he was at Stratford. He is a member of the Consulting Staff of the City General Hospital, and of the Board of Health of the city, and is the medical attendant of several local charitable institutions, and has also served as a member of the Board of Education, and as chairman of the same. He is Provincial Medical Examiner for the Iloyal Arcanum, and is a member of the Medical Council of Ontario. He has filled all the chairs in the I. 0. O. F., and has for many years represented Ontario in the Supreme Legislature of that society. A. A. Campbell. A. A. Campbell, real estate dealer, was born in the Township of Caradoc, County of Middhisex, April 27, 1862, being the only son of Archibald Campbell, who was also born in Middlesex County, and was a prominent agriculturist of Caradoc Township. He served as County Warden for three consecutive years, and died on the 22nd of July, 1863. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Love, was born in the County of Elgin, and died on the 26th of November, 1876, having borne a family of four children, Margaret Helena (wife of Peter Car- niichael, of Lobo), Mary Ann (dece.ised), Euphemia (deceased), and Archibald Alexander, whose name heads this sketch. The latter was reared in Middlesex County, and received his education at the Strathroy ( 'ollegiate Institute. He then entered the banking business, and for 758 HISTORY OF THE several years was accountant in Campbell's Banking Office, Watford, Ont. Leavint; Watford he took uj) the study of short-hand under tlie tutorship of Prof. W. G. Cliall'ee, proprietor of Cliafl'co's Phonographic Institute, of Oswego, N. Y., and graduated as a phonographic reporter from that institute in J;uiuary, 1884, and at which time he accepted the position as stenograi)lier to Messrs. Williams, Dimond & Co., General Agents of the Pacific Mail Steainshij) Company, at San Francisco, Cal. llosigning this position, he then acted at ])rivate secretary to the Hon. W. A. Clark, the millionaire banker and mine owner of Butte City, Montana, where he remained until engaging in the real estate business in the City of London. He does an extensive business in both city and country real estate, and publishes The Dominion Land Advertiser, a journal devoted to the interests of sellers and buyers of farming lands, in connection with his real estate business. His thorough knowledge of lands in Western Ontario, coupled with the large amount of experience obtained by travelling in Canada and the United States, entitles him to be justly regarded as an expert on the values of farming lands. He also represents sevenil wealthy monetary institutions, and does a large business in making loans upon all classes of real property and looking after the invest- ments of non-residents. George Campbell George Campbell was born in Ottawa, Canada, April 18, 184tj, being one of seven surviving members of a family of eight children born to James and Margaret (Irvin) Campbell, who were born in Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland, respectively. They came to Canada in 1844, locating in Ottawa, where the father was engaged in contract- ing and building for fourteen years, his services being employed on some of the finest buildings in that city. He next moved to County Oxford, where he continued working at liis trade. His children are as follows : — George (who is the eldest of the family), Elizabeth, Alex- ander, Ira, James, Margaret, Albert E., and John. All the sons learned their father's trade. George Campbell resided in Ottawa until nearly twelve years of age, and then moved with his father to County Oxford, near Woodstock, and, after attaining a suitable age, served a thorough apprenticeship of seven years at the carpenter's trade. He went to Clinton, Iowa, but two years later moved from there to Chicago, remain- ing in the latter city from 1871 to 1875, then returned to County Oxford, Canada, and after a short residence there came to London, where he has lived for thirteen years. He is a thorough master of his calling, and has made contracting and stair building a specialty, being considered the best stair builder in London. He does a large work in this line for other contractors, and keeps thoroughly posted with his calling. He is well informed on all subjects connected with his business, and is an COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 759 extensive reader of good newspapers. He was mumed in Clinton, Iowa, in 1869, to Miss Hannah Parent, of the Lower Province of Canada, and their union has res\ilted in the birth of five children — Laura L., aged seventeen years ; Itobert L, aged fourteen years ; James A., aged eleven years ; Lulu F., aged eight years, and George, aged five years. Mr. Campbell is a member of the A. 0. U. W. Angus Campbell Angus Campbell, a pioneer of Ekfrid Township, was born on Lot 7, Longwood Koad, November 2o, 1828 : son of John and Jane (Elliott; Campbell, and grandson of Angus Campbell, who was a native Scotchman, born 17oo, and who died in Ekfrid Township in 1843. The father was also a native of Scotland, born 1797, and died in Ekfrid Township in 1S(J5, where the mother also died in 181)4. She was a native of Ireland, born 1800. The Campbell family immi- grated to Canada in 1819, and were thirteen weeks and a few days making the voyage. They settled in Lower Canada, where the family remained for a year, and in June, 1820, they came to County Middle- sex, and were the second family to make a settlement in Ekfrid Town- ship. The subject of this biographical sketch was the second eldest of eight children born to his parents, all of whom are now living. One of the first schools he attended was in a log school-house built on his fathei''s fanu in 1834, and a man by the name of Squire Livingston was the first teacher. Mr. (Jampbell removed from Longwoods Iload to where he now resides, in 1882. He is the owner of 300 acres of land, and is an enterprising farmer. He was married February 22, 1855, to Miss Ehzabeth Ferguson, daughter of the late John Ferguson of Town- ship of London. Mrs. Campbell was born July 9, 1832, and by her marriage became the mother of seven children : — Arabella Jane, John F., Thomas F,, M. D., a graduate of Trinity CoHege, Toronto ; George B., Angus P., Samuel E., and Joseph H. In politics Mr. Campbell is an ardent Conservative, and held the office of deputy-reeve for two years, township collector for ten years, and assessor for two years. In 1859 he was appointed Justice of the Peace, and has held the position continuously ever since. For the last eighteen years he has been director of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company. His fatiier owned the first horse and waggon in the township. Mr. Campbell is one of the leading men of the township, and has been a resident of the county for sixty years. He and wife are members of the Presby- terian Church. Philip F. Canniff. p. F. Cannifi", farm manager of the London Asylum farm, was born in Hastings County, Canada, on the 7th of April, 1821, and is a son of 7(50 IllSTOnV OF TIIR Jonas and Lettie (Flagler) ( 'anniff, who were of Dutcli descent, they bein>( resiileiits of, and their ancestors for many generations back being reside. it.-, of, Dutcliess (,'onnty. New York. Tlie Flagler family came from Honand to America at a very early period, and were among the early settlers of New York. Doth the grandfathers came to < 'anada about 1788, and selected a location in Adolphus Township (now Lennox CouTity), and four years later brought their fan)ilies. (Irandfather (.'annilT was a fanner, iind grandfather Flagler a black- smith, donas Cannilf was oidy six years old when brought to Canada, and the most of his days were si)ent in tilling the soil, lie died at the home of his son, J)r. Cannilf, of Toronto, in 1881, his wife dying in September, 18(11. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving about one year, and in his political views was a Liberal-Conservative, but was not ])articularly interested in either pai'ty. Four of his nine children are living, James (in Manitoba), I'hilij) F., Amanda (wife of the late H. 1. Thorpe, SheritV of Prince Edward County, but now a resident of Toronto), and Dr. William, of Toronto. I'hilip F. Canniff was reared in the County of Hastings, receiving a good English educa- tion in Belleville. He began doing for himself at the age of twenty- three years, and for several years was engaged in the lumber, mill and grain business at Belleville. In 1870 he was ay)pointed farm manager roiitreal, Canada, tho family moved to London, where the subject of this sketch has since resided. Here he k'arned the printer's trade, and held a responsible position in the Advertiwr oftice. On the 4th of Oetober, IHJH, the Catholic lieamf, a weekly religious pa]ier, first made its a[)pearance ; but after an existence of six months the promoters of the enterprise were forced to abandon it. Mr. Cort'ey j)urchased the property, and in a few years succeeded in firmly establishing the ])aper. It is now net- ting Mr. Coffey a luindsome income, and ( 'atholic newspaper of tlie Dominion. 13 recognized as the leading Henry Coleeick, Sr. H. Colerick, Sr., of the firm of H. & C. Colerick, ])ainters and dealers in paper hangings, window shades, paints, oils and glass, was born in Quebec on the 15th of June, 1S34, his father, Samuel Colerick, having been born in liirmingham, England. He was a soldier in Her Majesty's 32nd Infantry, this being tlie first regiment ever .stationed ii; London. The maiden name of his wife was Margaret Murphy, of Cork, Ireland. Iii 1838 he came with his regiment to London, Canada, and from here went to Toronto, where he received his discharge ; then returned to London, where he made his home until his death, his residence being on the north-west corner of llichmond and Dundas streets. Mr. Colerick, whose name heads this sketch, was one of two living children, and was reared in Loudon, where he received a good education, and learned the painter's trade, serving a regular apprenticeship at the latter. In 18()4 he embarked in his present business, and owing to his many sterling qualities, has been quite successful in his enterprise. His marriage with Miss Jane Stephens was consummated in 185(1. She was bora in Quebec, and her union with Mr. Colerick resulted in the birth of ten children : — Omer, liichard, Charles, John, Henry, James, Minnie, Samuel, May, and Edward. Charles Frederick Colwell. The pluck and energy so necessary to success in any pursuit seems to be a distinguishing characteristic of the young men of the present day who have climbed to prominence in ofhcial and business life. Prominent among those who have won in life's battles, and who are considered among the progressive and leading citizens, may be men- tioned Mr. C. F. Colwell, He was born in the Township of Darlington, Ontario, on September 26, 1846, and is the son of G. T. and Olivia (Pitt) Colwell, both of whom were born in England. The father was a 768 HISTORY OF THE nie jhant tailor by occupation, and for over forty years was also a local preacher. He was the father of twelve children, and Charles F. was the youngest child. He lived in his native township until four years of age, and was then taken to Cobourg by his parents, where he grew to manhood and learned the printer's profession. He removed to Toronto in liS65, and for several months served as private and sergeant in ("aptain Patterson's Artillery, during the Fenian troubles of 1866. Mr. Colwell printed the first proceedings of the first Ontario Parliament after Confederation, removing immediately afterwards to London, where, for a time, he worked in both the Adver- tiser and Free Press oitices. In 1868 he was compelled to abandon the printing business, owing to impaired health ; and after this travelled nearly three years for T. McCormick's confectionery factory. Mr. Colwell then undertook the management of the extensive piano and organ business of Andru,^ Bros. After remaining with them about three years, he bought them out, and has succeeded well in establishing an independent and lucrative trade, being known far and wide as the proprietor of " Colwell's Popular Music House." Owing to his strict attention to business, combined with honesty and fair dealing, he has steadily increased his trade from year to year, until its magnitude and valuable returns cannot be excelled in Western Canada. Full mention of his business will be found elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Colwell has been a member of the Board of Education for five years, in which he took a very active interest, only retiring this year, owing to iucreasad business cares. He is also a Director of the City Mutual Insurance Company; and, by government appointment, is issuer of mamage licenses. In 1870, Mr. Colwell was married to Miss Maggie Carson, of Cobourjr, who was born in Scotland. They have had seven children, two ot whom are living — Charles Victor (aged nearly twelve years) and lluby Olivia (agod nine years). Mr. Colwell is a member of several leading societies — among them the Oddfellows, Freemasons, Koyal Arcanum, and the Workmen. William C. Coo. William C Coo, high court stenographer and principal of the West- ern Ontario Shorthand Academy, of London, Out., was born in Toronto, March 31, 1801, and is a son of Wra. H. and Eliza (Townsend) Coo, both of whom were born in England, and immigrated to Ontario in 1851?. The father learned a trade in his youth, and afterwards turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. \V. C. is his second son and cliikl in a family of six, and up to the age of twelve years attended school in Toronto. He then entered the office of Walter McKenzie, clerk of the County Court of the County of York, as office boy, and remained in his employ eleven years. He gradually rose from office boy to the posi- tion of deputy-clerk of the couit and special examiner, taking down COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 769 the evidence in shorthand and transcribing it on the typewriter. Hav- ing had over thirteen years' ex])erience in this work, he is now con- sidered one of the best stenographers in Ontario. For some time previous to coming to London, he acted as managing clerk for Murphy & Murdock, barristers, of Toronto. In May, 1884, he came to London, and holds the position of high court stenographer for the County of Middlesex. In addition to this work, he conducts a shorthand and typewriting academy, which has been very successful, the early attend- ance having increased from 40 to 200 in three years. His gi'eat success in this business being largely due to the fact that he makes a point of placing every competent graduate in a position. Being per- sonally acquainted with almost every legal gentleman in Ontario, enables him to do so. He also teaches shorthand and typewriting at Hellmuth Ladies' College and the Forest City Business College. There was but one typewriter and no shorthand special examiner in the City of London when he came. He is doing well financially, and is a young man of push and enterprise. He was a bugler in the law stud- ents' company of the Queen's Own Rifles for three years, and trumpeter in the Governor General's Body Guard for seven years, and was Trumpet Major when he resigned. He was man'ied to Eva 11. Harper of Cobourg, a daughter of Thomas W. Harper in 1882, and has a family of three children — Amelia R., Ruby, and Eva Maud. Mr. Coo is a member of the Royal Arcanum. John Coote. John Coote was born in County Tyrone, of the " Emerald Isle," in 1833, being one of three surviving members of a family of nine child- ren born to the marriage of James Coote and Margery Bartley, who were born, reared and married in Ireland. About 1838 they came to Canada, locating in Middlesex County, on tlie North Branch River, where he purchased 400 acres of timber land, whicli he succeeded in clearing, and where he lived for a number of years. He afterwards located near the County Asylum grounds, where he spent the remain- der of his days, dying in 1863. He was always very liberal with his family, and purchased 500 acres of land o])posite the Water-works, which he divided among his children. He was? cajitain of a company of cavalry in the militia. His son, John, was about five years of age when he was brought to (,'anada, and up to fifteen years of age was engaged in following the plow and attending the common schools. He then began fighting the battle of life for himself, and after the lapse of a number of years engaged in the livery business and staging, eventually becoming the owner of four large stables, located at the following places: — Tort Stanley, Woodstock, Brantford and London. He has an exceedingly fertile and well-improved farm on which is a Ijeautiful residence, and throughout life has been one of the honorable 770 HISTORY OF THE business men and enterprising citizens ol the county, ever ready to , Vance the interests of the public. For the past twenty-five years he has been practically retired from active business life. John M. Corneil The history of this family dates back sixty years to the early settle- ment of the County of Middlesex. The family is of Irish extraction and descendants of the Huguenots. The first to leave Ireland .and at- tempt making a home in the new wilderness was Christopher Corneil, who was born in the County of Limerick in 1803. At the age of 20 he immigrated to Canada, settled in Lower Canada, and there remained for five years. In 1828 he pushed further westward into the wilder- ness of Middlesex County, where he took up 100 acres of government laud in Ekfrid Township, which was afterwards increased to 400 acres^ which is now the property of .Tohn M. Corneil. After remaining on this farm for some time and clearing off the dense timber and under- growth with which it was covered, he went to Toronto, and was here married to Miss Jane Meadows in 1829. She was a native of the County of Cavan, Ireland, born in the year 1807, and came to Canada when quite young. She was a niece of the old pioneer pastor of this region. Rev. John Hueston. After their marriage they returned to their frontier home to brave the danger and suffering incident to pioneer life, and to build a home. They were eminently successful, and in 1875 they retired from active business; located in Strathroy to enjoy in comfort and peace the fruits of their early labors. Ten years after the settlement of (Christopher Corneil in C-anada, his brother, George Corneil, came from Ireland and settled in Ekfrid Township, July 27, l8o3. He also engaged in farming, and, like his brother, his etlbrts were successful. In 1877, after 42 years of active life in Ekfrid Township, he retired from business and settled in the village of Glencoe. March 17, 1835, he married Miss Martha IJate- man. He died August 29, 1882, and his wife died Dec. 1, 1887. Christopher Corneil died at Strathroy, Oct. 24, 1883. He was a mau of high attainments, of a quiet, unassuming disposition, yet he took an active interest in the general advancement of the county, especially so in educational matters. He sought no public position, and was universally respected and esteemed. He was a very active member of the Methodist Chiu'ch, his memory being very fittingly commemorated by the placing of a memorial window in the new church in the village of Melbourne. At the outbreak of the llebellion of 1837, Mr. Corneil was com- missioned Lieutenant of the Mihtia, and served through this struggle in defense of his country. An amusing reminiscence of the trouble and inconvenience of pioneer life may here be mentioned : — Some of the young cattle of Mr. and Mrs. Corneil had wandered away, and one COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 771 day after the dishes of the mid-day meal liad been cleared away, Mrs. Corneil entered the woods in search of the missing stock. After wan- dering through the forest and searching in vain for the missing cattle, she thought it time to return to her home, and in endeavoring to do so, lost her bearing, and, after wandering through swamps and thickets, night came on. The forest at this time was full of wolves, bears and other wild animals, and, as a matter of self-preservation, she spent the night in the branches of a tree, where her uneasy slumbers wens often interrupted by the howling of wolves, and by the continual falling of t!;e storm which had gathered. In the morning the sun dispelled the clouds, and she found her way home in safety, and with the exGe])tion of torn garments, none the worse for her adventure. Of a family of thirteen, John M. Corneil was the only son who reached manhood. He was born in Ekfrid Township, November 1, 1S41, and received the advantages of a good education. June I, 1870, he married Miss Alecia Bell, daughter of llev. James Bell, of London, Ont. Their union has been blessed by the birth of five children, of whom four are still living — Christopher George, Elizabeth Jane, James Bell and Frederick Evan. Mr. and Mrs. (Jorneil are both respected members of the Methodist Church. In 1874 Mr. Corneil wap appointed Justice of the Peace, of Middlesex, has served as a Councillor of Ekfrid Town- ship and Glencoe village, and is a member of the Masonic fraternity at Melbourne, Dufferin Lodge, No. 364. In February, IHHH, he and family removed from the City of London to Glencoe, where they now reside. ALBERT T. Corp. Whether considered as an industrial art or as a branch of commer- cial pursuit, the business represented by Mr. Corp, of painter, glazier and house decorator, is of sufficient impoitance to call for a favorable notice in connection with the brief outline of his career. Albert T. Corp, who for thirty-five years has been a resident of London, and who has attained an honorable position in his adopted calling, was born near Taunton, Somersetshire, England, December 31, 1844. His parents, John and Ruth (House) Corp, were both of English birth, the former of Fifeshire, and the latter of Thurloxton, near Bridgewater. There were eight children in the family, seven sons and one daughter. Albert T., the only son, was reared in England until he was eleven years of age, and then came with the family to Canada, settling in London in June, 1855. He received a fair business education, and served a four years' apprenticeship at the painting trade, and in 1870 commenced busi- ness for himself, tiiking contracts for painting, glazing and interior house decorations, and his patronage has been secured by a system of operations conducted upon the strictest principles of integrity, ""at ciire being taken to secure the best brand of goods in the .ik , always regarding quality rather than cost. Mr. Corp is in all i iti > 772 HISTORY OF THE a self-made man. Relyiiij:? on his strong ami and indomitable will, he set out in the world, and has by frugality and untiring industry, attained a position which is meriting the crown of well-earned success. He was married in December, ] 884, to Miss Margaret Nichol, a native of London Township. To tliem have been born three children — Ruth, Agnes P., and .lohn Franklin. Mr. C. is a member of the A. O. of Foresters, and a Knight of Pythias. John T. Coughlin. John T. Coughlin is a descendant of a family which originally ciime from Ireland, his ])arents, Tiinotliy and Julia (McCarthy) Cough- lin, having been born, reared and married iti the " Emerald Lsle." In 18.)4, i\Ir. Coughlin immigrated to Ontario, and settled on a farm in Westminster Town.ship, Middlesex County, but afterwards went to Putl'alo, where he died in 1838, leaving his wife and two small children — Johanna and John — to fight their own way in the world. The latter was born in 18."! 5, and, after his father's death, was taken to raise by his uncle, John Coughlin, and has always resided on the farm where he now lives. He received a good common school education, and was married to Miss Sarah A. Cunningham, a daughter of James and Bridget (McAulifle) Cunningham, by whom he has three childreji — Julia, Clara and Maggie Maud. Mr. Coughlin is a man who, by his many sterling qualities, has won the respect and confidence of all who know him, and in 1868 was elected to the Township Council for three years, being elected to the oflice of Reeve in 1882, for four years. For the past twelve years he has been extensively engaged in the exportation of live stock to the English markets, and has an excellent farm of 170 acres, well improved and cultivated. On coming to Canada, Timothy Coughlin was accomjianied by three brothers — John, Daniel and Cornelius. John settled in North Yarmouth, where he reared a karge family of children, and died in 1881 ; Daniel first settled in North Yarmouth, but about 1854 moved to the County of Huron, and Cornelius settled in West- minster Township, wliere he also reared a large family of children, and died about 1869. The family are members of the Catholic Church. William Cousin. William Cousin is of Scotch descent, and is one of the reliable citizens and farmers of tlie township. He was born in Fifeshire, Scot- laud, in 1820, his father, John Cousin, being an overseer in that country. The latter was married to Ann Stephenson, who bore him four children — Lillie, William, James, and one deceased, and he died in his native land. William Cousin received a good common education, and from early boyhood has been engaged in tilling the soil, becoming one COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 773 of the most expert plowmen of his day. In 1851 he immigrated to Canada, and located on a farm in Middlesex County, which received much of his attention for many years, and now consists of 200 acres, all the result of his unremitting efforts and good management. He reached this country with about $100, of which he used very sparingly ; in looking for a suitable location, walked from one end of the county to the other rather than spend his money for a conveyance. He has always been strictly temperate, and as a result has never been ill and has never taken a droj) of medicine in his life, being remarkably well preserved. Owing to his upright, honorable and successful career, he has always been a valuable member of society, and for many years has been a devout member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, having been a member of the Church Committee for the past twenty years, also serving as a teacher in the Sunday school. He is a Liberal in politics, and takes an active interest in the political affairs of the (^ounty. In LSTO he was married to Miss Mary Russell, by whom he became the father of four children — James A., Emily J., Maggie C, and Lillie B. The maiden name of his first wife was Mary Nichol, a daughter of Francis Nichol. (See sketch of Adam Nichol.) Five children are the result of this union — Jeanette, John S., Ann, Eliza- beth L., and Mary N. /. M. Cousins. J. M. Cousins is a manufacturer of wind-mills, pumps and hydraulic works of all descriptions, London. To fail to include within this work a sketch of the above mentioned gentleman who, for forty-five years, has been closely identified with its interests, would be to omit a history of one of London's best citizens. J. M. Cousins was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, April 20, 1820, and his father, James Cousins, was a native of Wales, and came to Nova Scotia when a child. The maiden name of the mother was Isabella Mitchell, of Scotch birth. Their family consisted of six children, the eldest son and second child being J. M., who was reared on a farm, and who came to London, Canada, in 1843. Here he commenced wood-working, and in 1845 established a business in pump making, having added to this indus- try the manufacture of fan-mills and implements of different kinds. He is doing a successful business; but in 1878 suffered heavily from loss by fire. In 1846 he married Miss Agnes Little, a native of Ireland, and to them have been born four children — James, Sarah, Charles and Thomas, the latter being associated with his father in business. Mr. Cousins has held the position of Justice of the Peace for thirty years, served as a member of the City Council for thirteen years, and was elected Mayor in 1871. He served also as Chairman of the Water Commissioners. Mr. Cousins is a man of sterling integ- rity, and in every path of life his career has been above criticism or 774 HISTOKY OF THE reproach. He has merited and receives the respect and honor of all who know him. A detailed statement of Mr. Cousins's business will be found in another part of this work. JAMES Cowan. James Cowan, one of the most successful business men of I-ondon, Ont., is a native of County Kirkcudbright, Scotland; born -Fan. 14, 1832, and the son of John and Margaret ((.'arson) Cowan. The father was a merchant in his native country, and died at the age of forty- eight years. The mother died at the age of forty-three. Of their eleven children, nine sons and two daughters, James Cowan was the seventh son in order of birth, and was but seven years of age when his parents died. Before he was fifteen years of age he commenced to learn the business of ironmongery, and served five years as an appren- tice and two years as foreman with A. Dobie, ironmonger and jeweler, of Castle Douglas, Scotland. In May, 1853, he went to Durham, England, remained there three months, and in August of the same year he proceeded to Dewsbury, Yorksliire, and remained there fifteen months. In May, 1854, he started for Liverpool to manfige a hardware business for Mrs. Lightfoot, whose husband had died, leaving the busi- ness embarrassed. Mr. Cowan returned home in August, 1854, married ^liss Elspeth Wells, September 1st, and the 22nd of the same month sailed from Liverpool, landing 3, and he was reared here ; he was educated in the Grammar School of London under the hite Rev, Iknjamin Hayly. He studied law in the office of Colonel James Shanly, of London, and with Crooks & Cameron, of Toronto ; is a Graduate-in-Law of Toronto University ; was called to the bar in ISGO, since when ho has ])racticed his pro- fession in London. lie was one of the incorporators, and is solicitor, of the Huron and Erie Loan and Savinj^s Company. He was one of the or<^anizers of the London Street llailway Company, and is its President. William Cross. William Cross, a prominent grocer and business man of Strathroy, is a native of Devonshire, England, born December 12, 1847, son of William and Eliza (Jackson) Cross, both natives of Devonshire, Eng- land. After marriage the parents immigrated to the United States, settled in Chicago, and here the father died at the age of thirty-eight years. Tiie mother was born about 1823, and now resides in Strath- roy. After the death of the father the family came to the County of Middlesex, (Janada, and here the boyhood of William Cross was spent on a farm in Adelaide Townshij). He is the eldest living of the children born to his parents, and at the age of fifteen he began learning the carpenter's trade, which occupation he continued for some time. When twenty-five years of age he came to Strathroy, and engaged in the grocery business in partnership with H. A. Ivor & Co., remaining with this firm for eight years. He then sold his interest, and for one year was engaged in the jewelry business in partnership with J. C. Diggins ; but after one year sold out his interest, and two years later again engaged in the grocery business in partnership with Henry F. Edwards. After a business union of three years, he bought ■out his partner, and has since continued alone. He is doing a good and safe trade, and at all times has been able to pay 100 cents on the dollar. He was married in 1883 to Miss Agnes Howell, a native of Devonshire. He is a Conservative in politics. J. B. Crozier. J. B. Crozier was born in the North of Ireland, and came to America at the age of thirteen years, locating first at Toronto, where he learned the business of hot air ventilation, which he followed at Toronto and various other cities. He was very successful at this, and in 1854 came to Mt. Biydges, where he afterwards engaged in the timber and stave business in Ontario, Canada and Michigan. He purchased the American Hotel at Mt. Brydges, where he supplied the public with the necessaries of life for eight years. During his connec- COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. 779 tion with tlio liotel he owned and mana;»ed a farm of fifty acres near the villa'il school steadily and diligently until he was prepared to teach, after which he followed this calling for .seven years and then engaged in mercantile pursuits, following the business in different jjlaces until IHiSO, when he was elected high secretary of the Independent Order of Foresters. In 1881 he was elected also supreme secretary and filled both ofKces until 1883, when the duties of the office increased to such a degree as to require separation and a high secretary widduli)h, and afterwards as Headmaster of the school in I.ucaii until he received the Principalship of the Strathroy Public Sc1io(j1. Jieing further promoted to a position in the Strathroy High School, he taught there a short time, until the fall of 1874, when he was appointed to his jiiesent position, the duties of which he is filling with judgment and ability. Not only has he established himself firmly in the estimation of all as a thorough instructor, but he has always entered mind and body into his work, and as a result has suc- ceeded far beyond his expectations. He was one of the editors of the Royal Canadian Ifeaders, and was for three years a member of the Cen- tral Committee of the Province for the examination of teachers ; he is an honorary member of the Montreal Historical Society, and lecturer on botany and zoology in the Medical Department of the Western University. He was married in 1881 to Miss Emma Wilkinson, a daughter of the late Leonard Wilkinson, formerly of Strathroy. Mr. and Mrs. Dearness have a family of three children. Charles Decker. Charles Decker, an enterprising and well-to-do farmer, of West- minster Township, was born A D. 1803, in Schoharie County, N. Y. He \\as married, in 1827, to Ann O. Strander, who was bom near Albany, of the same Stiite. They came to Canada in 18.">2, and, after having resided in London Township four years, settled on his ])resent |iroi)erty, viz.. Lot 0, Westminster. They were foremost workers in the church, the temperance cause, and education. Mr. Decker was very energetic in municiiial imin'ovements. He was the first who agitated the abolition of tolls on the county roads, and, with the assist- ance of others, finally succeeded in getting them abohshed. Tiie boon was enjoyed only one day after the Act came in force, when, to the surprise of all, the then new Council repealed it. Their abolition was, however, afterwards elVected. Mr. and Mrs. Decker were the jtarents of five children — Catharine, Tuiii.?, Elizabeth, Gideon and Egbert. Tunis and Egbert died in childhood ; Catharine married F. D. Norton, of Westminster Township; Elizabeth married E. S. Jarvis, Westrain- 792 UISTOKY OF THE ster Township, and Gideon nmiTied Abi<;!ul Robinson, of London Township. Mrs. Decker died in 1870, and, in 187M, Mr. Decker mar- ried Mrs. Catliarine Wakefield Hutts, of New York State. After lier deatli he married Mrs. liachel Stuart Northop, daughter of William and r. Grant Stuart. Though not one of the first settlers in the county, he was among the first in his neighborhood, and suffered the privations common to the opening uj) of a new country. Benjamin V. Demaray. Benjamin V. Demaray, one of the highly respected citizens of Adelaide Township, was born in the Trovince of Quebec, April 7, 1810. His father, Kichard Demaray, was born February 15, 1778, and was accidently shot. May 11, IH.'JO. His mother, liebecca (Var- uum) Demaray, was born in 178;!, and died in Ontario, in ISI'.I. His paternal grandfather was born in Vermont, in 1754, and died in Ontario, in LSoG. Benjamin V. was the seventh of twelve children, five of whom are now living. In 181G the family removed from I^ower Canada to Onttirio and settled thirty miles east of Toronto. Mr. Demaray was reared on the farm and attended the schools in the Township of Whitby. His teacher, William F. Morse, was a soldier in the war of 1812, but left the United States, emigrated to Canada and here taught school for twenty-six years in the same neighborhood. Mr. Deni. ay began farming for himself in 1834, in the Township of Whitby, and in 1850 he came to County Middlesex, where he settled in Dorchester Township. Here he engaged in clearing land and farming until 180 1, when he moved to Adelaide Township and settled where he now lives. He is the owner of 100 acres of good land on the First Concession, south of the Egremont Road. November 23, 183o, he married Miss Rebecca Varnum, who was born April 15, 1816, and died March 2, 1855. By this union were born eight children — Still- man, Wellington, Lorena, Wesley, Abrara, Zemari, Jannett and Per- cival, only threcj of whom are now living. Mr. Demaray was married again in the fall of 1855 to Miss Martha Dicy, born in Westminster Town.ship, Middlesex County, January 18, 1832, daughter of Richard and Mary (Shaver) Dicy. Five children were the result of this union, viz. : — Richard, Mary, Jane, Huldah Ann, Benjamin and Wilbur. Mr. Demaray is a Reformer in politics, and M'hile a resident of Dorchester Township was for eight years a member of the Township Council. He was also Reeve from 1857 to 1859, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is a highly respected citizen. John M. Denton. In every community and among all classes there are always some men who become leaders in whatever occupation they undertake, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 793 whether ot a professional, agricultural or commercial nature, and these men are the ones who, iicihaps unconsciously, take a prominent and active interest in {)i'oniutin<,' any movement which may bo thought capable of tending to the welfare of the county or vicinity in which they reside. Such a one is Mr. Denton. He is a native of Northampton, England, and he was born September 19, 1829. His father, .To.seph Denton, and his mother, who.se maiden name was Miss Ann ("olenian, were both of English birth. The father was a farmer by occujiation, and .lohn I.. Denton .spent his boyhood days on a farm, and at the age of fourteen was apprenticed to a woollen draper and tailor, with whom he remained for seven years, and had but one employer ])revious to embarking in business on his own account. In 1855, Mr. Denton was married to Miss Ann Walker, of Somersetshire, England, and the same year of his marriage he sold out his business and immigrated to Canada, settled in London, and, with nothing but his willing hands and hopeful heart, laid the foundation for his present successful busi- ness. As circumstances favored he added to his resources for con- ducting a business, increasing his facilities, until now it is recognized as one of the most complete stocks in this line in Western Ontario, and the reputation he enjoys is .second to no similar establishment in this section. None but e.xperienced hands are kept, and no garments are allowed to leave the store which are not carefully inspected and en- tirely satisfactory to the customer. As a consequence, this house has received a high jjopularity, not only in this immediate section, but from patrons at a tiistance. Mr. Denton was deprived of educational ad- vantages in early life, but by close application and extensive reading, aided by intercourse with the business world, he has attained a well- merited position among the intelligent class. Especially has he taken a great interest in entomology, being a member of the society. He is also a Director of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario, in which industry he is interested. He was one of the most active workers in organizing the Young Men's Christian Association, and it has received his support since. In all religious movements he is an active worker, and his influence is always on the side of right. Mr. Denton is a man of unblemished honor, broad but practical charity, generous in his feelings, dignified in his manhood, and a man, who, in every walk of life, has been above criticism or reproach. George Dobie. Prominent among the leading men of Glencoe, and among those deserving especial notice for their public spirit and energy, is the gentleman of whom this notice is given. He is a native of Middlesex (Jounty, born in Ekfrid Township, July 25, 184G, and his parents, David and Flora (McKea) Dobie, are well known among the prominent people of Ekfrid Township, his father having served as reeve and 794 HISTORY OF THE councillor of that townshij). (ioorfj;e roiiiiiiiicd with his ])ivronts until ho hud attained his seventeenth year, wiieii he ciinn^ to (Hencoe and bej^ai» clerkini,' in the business house of I). MoUae, v here he reniiiined for five years. In 1.S68 he en<,'ii<,'ed in business for himself at (llencoe, establishinj,' a mercantile and ^'eiieral commission business, which ho conilucted for fifteen years. The same year lie was united in inarria<,'e to Miss (}eor<^ina Gordon, an estimable lady, l)orn near the l.'ity of Montreal, and they have lioru to their union a son and dau;Lihter. In IHS."), Mr. Dobie bej»an the erection of the Traders' Hank IJlock, one of the finest brick business blocks in the city. He was in.strumental in securiiif^ for Glencoe the branch of tlu; Traders' IJank, and at its pstablislnnent, in !8S5, he was ap]K)inted manager, which jiosition he still creditably holds. Tti jiolitics Mr. Dobie is a conservative, and is at present a member of the Municipal Council of Glencoe. He and family worship at tho Presbyterian Church of the last-named village. John C. Bodd & Son. One of tho prominent indu.stries of any imjiortant city is its build- ing interest, and tho manufacture of builders' sui)plies. Among those prominently identified in the calling is the name that heads this sketch, and a history of the City of London would be incom])lete without at least a brief notice of John C. Dodd, who for half a century has been identitied witli its interests, and who at tho ])rosent time is the oldest conti'actor in \>m\\i of residence in the city. John ('. Dodd was born in Northumberland, P^ngland, Sept. Id, 1812. His father, Gilbert, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Charlton, were natives of the 8anie ])arish as subject. John t.'. Dodd was reared in his native jilaco until over fourteen years of age, when the family removed to the extreme north of the Highlands of Scotland, where he spent his time as a shojiherd and hunter. While emjiloyed as a .shepherd, he availed himself of the opportunities of working at the carpenter's trade at inter- vals, and thus familiarized himself in' the calling in which he has since devoted his life. In 1S:!9 ho immigrated to Canada, purchased a lot in Westminster and there remained until 1843, when he came to London. Since that time he has been connected with building enterprises. In 1878 ho built his pr(;sent planing mills, one of the most com- plete and well-aiii)ointod mills in Ontario, and with facilities and the most improved machinery for turning out all kinds of building sup- plies in their lino. May 10, l8o9, Mr. Dodd married Miss Jane Durand, a native of Scotland, and if their lives are spared until May of the ]n'esent year (I88U), they will celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage, and this, without a death ever having occurred in the immediate fixmily, a record that cannot be duplicated in the Dominion. They have a family of nine children (seven sons and two daughters) — John, Mary Ellen, George, William, Donald, Edward, COUNTY OF ^tII)DLKSKX. •'.•5 ^VftltcM•, Ilichanl and .Tune. Jnliii, tlio eldest son and nianaf,'('r of tho busiiu'ss, was born in County of Middlesex, February 1!), IMO, and was reartid and educated liere. lie (.'oninienced workinjj at his jire- sent business undcir tlio supervision of his father, and in 18(14 became n partner. He was married in October, 1H7-, to Miss a native of Londrni, Ontario, and four children have been l)orn to this union — .lane, William, Malxd and Ethel. John Dodd is r member of the Inde])endont Order of Foresters. A marked charac- teristic of th(! firm of J. 0. Dodd & Son has been their straij^htforward nuvnner in conducing their business, and the interest they have taken in the city and in worthy movements, which have never failed to receive their support. John Doyle. John Doyle, one of the prominent residents of East Williams, was born in the Township of Southwold on Jarniary 18, 1838. His father, Lawrence Doyle, came to Middlesex County at an early day, and settled in what was the London Di.strict. He was married in Middlesex Comity to Elizabeth I'hilKU, daughter of Captain Wm. W. Philan, of the Engli.sh army, who became the mother of four sons find four daughters, our subject being the fourth child of the family. At the age of twenty he embarked upon the sea of life for himself by going to (.'alifornia. After three years' absence he returned to Canada. In 1870 he was married to Miss M. A. Doimelly, daughter of William Donnelly, of Plympton Township. In 1H73, Mr. Doyle settled on his ])resent farm, which is situated on the Centre road, East Williams Town.ship. Mr. and Mrs. Doyle have a family of three daughters and one son living, all of whom, with their parents, are members of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1881, Mr. Doyle was elected a member of the Council for East Williams Township, which position he held for four years, resigning at the end of that period. William H. Davis. There is no name in London more familiar to the older residents of this city than the name that heads this sketch. His father, Henry Davis, at the time of his death in ISSo, was perhaps the oldest active business man in ])oint of residence in the city. He was a native of Saratoga Co., N. Y., and was born in 1804. He learned the trade of jeweler in his youth, and for years made his home at Niagara. In 1827 he came to London, and in 1831 commenced business on his own account, and for fifty-two years conducted a successful business. He married Miss Ann Jane McSpadden, a Canadian by birth, and to them were born seven children, five of whom are still living — W. H., Joseph 50 796 HISTORY OF THE W. (in Toronto), George C, Clara (now Mrs. Robert D. ^liller), and Mary J. Those deceased are, Henry and Elijah. William H., the eldest son and child, was born in London, September 2-A, 1837, and was reared and educated in London. 1 le early learned the jeweler's trade under the instruction of his father, and became familiar with all the details of this occupation, lie subsequently became associated with his father as partner, and at his death succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted under the original firm's name, it being the oldest established business in London. As heretofore stated, the busi- ness was established in LS31, and the house is recognized as one of the most reliable in the Province. The stock carried embraces a full line of the finest jewelry, which is sold out at as low a margin as can be afforded, and all goods are warranted as represented. Their store is one of the best a))pointed in this line in the city, and no merchant in London has a higher standing for probity and honor than Mr. Davis. To his business he gives his personal supervision, and has succeeded in not only holding the trade of the old firm, but has gradually increaseil the magnitude of the business. Mr. Davis v/as married in ISfi.S to Miss Eliza Green, a native of London, Canada. He is a member of the Masonic order. Robert Dreaney. Eobert Dreaney, Deputy-Eeeve of London Township, Middlesex County, was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in April, 1821, being the eldest of eight children born to Henry and Margaret (McConnell) Dreaney, who were born, married, and reared their family in Coimty Armagh, Ireland. The father was a farmer and game-keeper in his native laud, and came tc Canada several years after his son, Kobert, dying in Huron County. liobert Dreaney was reared on a farm in the "Emerald Isle," and received a liberal education. When in his twentieth year he was seized with the spirit of immigration, and accord- ingly took passage in the sailing vessel " Sarah Stewart," at Belfast, and, after a voyage of eight weeks, reached Quebec. He soon after went to Cobourg, where he spent one year in learning the blacksmith's trade, and then took up his abode in Toronto, where he resided four years. In 184(3 he came to Londoti, and the following year moved to what is now known as Dreaney's Corners, where he was engaged in blacksmithing for about seventeen years, and also kept the post-ofHce at that ])oint. In 1882 he purchased the farm of 110 acres, where he now resides, and throughout his long and useful business and ottlcial career he has won many warm frionds. He was elected Councih.iau of Dorchester Township in 1857, holding the oihce eighteen years, and in 1883 was elected Keeve of London Township, and has also held the office of Assessor and Warden, and has been Magistrate tor over twenty years. In 1844: he was united in mariiage to Mary J. John- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 707 son, a native of Toronto, by wliom he has eight children — Henry, Eobert, John, Alfred, Anna E., ^lary, Margaret and Elizabeth. ]\lr. and Mrs. Dreaney are members of the Church of England. Capt. Henry Dreaney. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch needs no introduc- tion to the people of Middlesex County, for withni her borders no man is better known than he. His father, liobert Dreaney, has been a resi- dent of Ontario for over 47 years, and was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in ISl'l. lie learned the blacksmith's trade in early life, and in liS4() immigrated to Canada and settled first at Cobourg and then at Toronto, where he resided about five years, and then took up his abode in North Dorchester, where he conducted an hotel and black- smith shop, and a small village gi'ew up around his hotel, which still Dears the name of Dreaney 's Corners. In 1857, he was elected to the Township Council, and afterwards served as Township Ileeve> being elected Warden of Middlesex County in l.S(J7. Since 1857 he has served as Justice of the Peace of Middlesex County, and has been Postmaster of Dreaney's Corners (Crumlin) for many years. He has also been County Master of the Order of Orangemen for the past seven or eight years. In 1881 he purchased a farm in London Township, and was elected to the office of Deputy Reeve. He was married in 1844 to Miss Mary Jane, a daughter of Benjamin Johnson, by whom he became the father of nine children. Henry Dreaney is the eldest of their children, and was born in the City of London, Nov. 10, 1844, and here was reared to manhood. He learned the blacksmith's trade in early life, which calling he fol- fowed for 18 years, and then opened a store and filled the position of Postmaster of Dreaney's Corners. From that jioint he came to London, and has since been actively engaged in the livery business, which nets him a handsome aimual income. In 1867 he was married to Miss Catherine (Jraham, a native of London, and by her is the father of two children — Laura and Thomas H. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is Past Master of St. John's Lodge, No. 20. In 1887 (Jubilee year) he was elected a member of the City Council, represent- ing the Fifth Ward, and was re-elected in 1NS8, the duties of which he has discharged faithfully and to the entire satisfaction of all. He is Captain of Company No. 4, 2(lth Battalion of Volunteers. W. I). ECKERT. W. D. Eckert, Principal of the Rectory Street School, was born in Prince Edward County, Ontario, August 10, 1833. His father was 798 HISTORY OF THE of Danish descent, was a farmer and a United Empire Loyalist, wlio came to Canada in pioneer times. He was a great friend of the eminent Dr. llyerson, the celebrated Methodist divine, and was one of the early Methodists, in which denomination he took great interest. The mother, whose maiden name was Miss Lois Hare, was also a native of Prince Edward County. Tliey were the parents of ten child- ren, W. D. Eckert being the seventh in order of birth, and the fourth son. He was reared in his native county, and in LSoS came to Dor- chester. Ho received a liberal education at his birth-]ilace, and later attended the Normal School at Toronto. When fifteen years of age, he conmienced teaching in his native county, and subsequently he attended the Normal School one term, and, with this exception, has taught con- tinuously since. From 187G until the time of the amalgamation witli London proper he was Principal of the schools of London East, and since that time he has served as head master of Rectory Street School. He has been twice married, first to Miss Mary J. Moore, in 1855. She was born in Whitby, Ontario County, and died January 1st, 1882, leaving four children — Mahlon W., in St. Louis ; Richard C, wlio is travelling for the wholesale house of A. M. Smith ; William B., a student ; and Eva G. Mr. Eckert selected for his second wife Miss Mattie Howden, to whom he was married December 25, 1884. She was born in Wal- pole, Haldimand County. Mr. Eckert is an able instructor, and one who keeps thoroughly apace with the times. He is a good disciplinar- ian and has been very successful in his calling. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Henry Edwards. Henry Edwards, cancer curer, and resident of Lot 10, Concession 2, was born in Lobo Township, January 1, 1827, and is the oldest man living who is a native of that Township. He is the son of John and Prudence (Finch) Edwards ; his father was a native of England and his mother a Canadian. John Edwards was born in 1803 (June 20tli), in Hannington, Somersetshire. He was a miller and a veterinary surgeon. His father, Richard Edwards, was the first of the family to come to New York, and subsequently to Canada, where he lived in Norfolk County. John Edwards located in Lobo, on Lot 12, Conces,sion o, and was a farmer and veterinary surgeon ; he was instructor (as veterinary surgeon) to the late Charles Rudd, of London. He was the first Reeve of Lobo, and held the position nineteen years, and was the first collector of the Township ; he is still living. His wife was born in Victoria, County Norfolk, December 14, 1802, and her jiarents were pioneers of Nova Scotia. Her father, Fitus Finch, was born of English parentage, lie was a .soldier in the war of the Revolution, fought under the British flag, was in New York, and his brother and a friend were under the Stars and Stripes. His property in New York State COUNTY OF MffiDLESEX. 799 was confiscated, and he was taken prisoner. He was the father of seven children. Henry Edwards was one of the six childi'en born to his ])arents. He served ten years as lieutenant and nine years as captain in the militia. He was married December 29, 1847, to Eachel Harrison, of London Township, daughter of Thomas and Ann Harrison. Mrs. Edwards's mother was the first white woman who stepped on the town line between Lobo and London. Mrs. Edwards was born February 3, 1(S27, and by her marriage became the mother of four children — Albert (who married Elizabeth Shedden), Annie (wife of John D. Hodgins), Fred, and James. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are members of the Metho- dist ("hurch, and he has been one of the Official Board and trustee of chiu'ch and jiarsonage property for the last twenty years. He has been assessor of Lobo for nine years, was engaged in the insurance business for twenty years, and was auditor for twenty-seven years. Socially, ^Ir. Edwards is a Mason, is an Orangeman, is a member of the Knights of ]\Iaccabees, and in his politics is independent. He has over 200 acres of good land, has a fine brick residence, and is one of the true jiioneers of the Township. In 1873 he began the study of can- cers, and has cured hundreds, and is doing much good for humanity. He holds the only piitent on earth for cancer cure. Henry Edwards also taught school four years early in life ; he has been a justice of the peace for the last sixteen years, and has been a commissioner in the High Court of Justice for twenty-two years, Mr. Edwards has been a very active man, seeing stirring times during his life, especially the rebellion of 1837 and 1838, and the Fenian raid. His son, Albert, was at the front all through this event. The following are a few sketches and reminiscences of the early life of Henry Edwards and his surroundings. In the year A. D. 1831, he first visited the now City of London, and it was a small hamlet built amongst the cedar and pine stumjis at the forks of the north and east branches of the Thames, said hamlet at that time was called the Forks. Many will remember its old pioneers, such as Moore, Good- hue, O'Brien, Lawrasou, Askins, HaiTis, etc., etc. As for roads at that time, there was none. The trees being blazed to guide the settlers in traveling, with here and there a rude structure of logs spanning some of the streams, others had to be forded. And as for the vehicles used, they were as primitive as Adam's, simply a tree with crotch was cut and thinned a little above the crotch, and the pole cut long enough to i'orni a tongue, and a cross ])iece in rear of crotch finished this sleigh, waggon antl all. The drags was made in the shape of an A with wooden teeth, no iron was used in the construction of any implement, as there was no blacksmiths. All the other implements of husbandry and household fiu'niture was equally as crude in their general get-up. No horses nor waggons in this part of the county until several year.«v later. The first neighbors Mr. Edwards remembers, were the wild animals — bears, wolves, deer, etc., etc. The howl of the wolf after 800 HISTOIiY OF THE sunset was most hideous and bloodcui'dlinjr of his early life. The wild Indian, more ferocious and savaj^e than his carnivorous quadruped, next made his appearance in his wild costume of head gear of feathers, shirt and breechclout, was all the dry goods they carried or possessed, except the Indian blanket and moccsisins in winter. The early pioneers at first ground their corn and wheat in the hollow of a stuni]) scooped out for that purpose, with a flat stone used by hand, and made into bread and mush in this state, except sifting with a crude sieve made from s])lints or bark of trees. A little later on, the early settlers carried the wheat on their backs to Hall & Woodhull's mills (and crude mills they were), to get it ground into flour. Some of them went as far as St. Thomas on foot to get a peck of salt, jiaying SI for it, and S4 a pound for tea. In liS28, his father, in one day, traveled from Lobo to Vit- toria, County of Norfolk, to work through harvest, accepting as pay sugar kettles, shipped via Port Stanley, and these were the first brought to the township, used in the old method of making sugar — a merry time for the lads and lasses. The forest and streams teemed with game and fish, but the early settlers had no guns, they usually killed deer on the crusted snow in winter. Many a hard battle they fought the deer and bear, single-handed, with their dog. Those early days have passed, and the crude implements are replaced by all the modern improvements of the present age of railways, telegraphs, etc. Samuel Eichenberger. Among the old residents and prominent citizens of Delaware Town- ship stands the name of Samuel Eichenberger, who was born in the Canton Argau, Switzerland, August 3, 18o4, and whose parents, Samuel and Elizabeth (Metz) Eichenberger, were both worthy people of Switzerland. The father followed the occupation of teamster and farmer, and died in his native country at the age of fifty-two years. His duties then devolved upon his son, Samuel, jr., who remained in his native country until 1835 and then immigrated to Canada, first settling at Hamilton. Soon after he moved to Komoka, Middlesex Co., where he remained until 1861, when he came to Delaware Town- ship, and here has been engaged in agricultural ))ursuits. In 1870 lie purchased and moved on his present place, which is situated one mile east of the village of Delaware, and consists of forty-two acres of well- improved land, with a fine residence, outbuidings, etc. In connection with his fanning interest, he also carries on an extensive pottery busi- ness on his place. In the year 18r)5, August ;Ust, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Somerhalder, als(i a native of Switzerland. Eleven children have been born to this union, three sons and throe daughters now living, Mr. Eichenberger and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church ; he is Conservative in pohtics, and is a member of the A. 0. U. W. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Charles H. Elliott. 801 Charles H. Elliott, wholesale and retail dealer in groceries and provisions, is the son of James Elliott, who was born in Scotland, and in early life immigrated to New Brunswick, where he served an appren- ticeship to the carpenter trade at Frederickton. In ISliS he came to Ontario ; but, previous to making his home in the County of Middle- sex, he lived for two years in Brantford. After coming to this county he settled in the Township of Westminster, where he remained until 1844, when he moved to London, and was there connected with the building interests of the city for many years. He man'ied Miss Helen Breckenridge, a native of Scotland. He died in 1864, leaving, besides his wife, who is still living, six children. These are named as fol- lows : — John r>., (deceased) ; Ann, wife of George C. Dobie ; Charles H.; Emily, wife of A. Greenless ; Harriet, wife of J. I. Anderson ; and Henry M. Charles H. Elliott was born in Westminster Township, March 28, 1844, and has been reared and educated in the city of London. He commenced his business career in the store he now occupies, in 1860, and has been thoroughly educated to his business. In January, 18G6, he engaged in business in connection with his brother, John, and remained thus connected until 1881. Since then he has continued alone, and the patronage he enjoys is a good illustration of what can be accom- plished by fair and honorable dealing. His trade has increased from time to time until it has assumed its present proportions. Mr. Elliott was married in 1868 to Miss Bhebe Farrar, a native of London, and three children are the fruits of this union. They are named as fol- lows : — James, j\Iillicent and Fred. John Elliott. A truth that must t rywhere be regarded is, that keen perception, sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persevering and continuous effort, will eventually result in success in whatever under- taking one may be engaged. The career of ]\Ir. Elliott, so fiir as his connection with the manufacturing interests of London are concerned, bears out the truth of this stat(?ment, for he is at ]iresent at the head of one of the most worthy manufacturing interests in the city. Mr. Elliott was born at Shaw Head, parish of Bewcastle, Cumberland, England, in 1820, and came to Canada with his parents seven years later. They settled near Toronto, and he attended the common schools until fifteen years of age, when he was sent to York, now Toronto, as an apprentice in the mercantile house of George Stegman, where he learned the dry goods and grocery business. During the Rebellion of l8;37-'38 he joined the cavalry, and was in active service dining that time. From 1840 to 1850 he was engaged in the dry goods and 802 mSTOUY OF THE clothing business, spending part of tlio time with his father and four years in Gait. In 1 ^50 he came to London and engaged in the foundry business with George Jackson. In IS.'il the partnership was dissolved on account of their property bciing destroyed by fire, and one year later Mr. F^lliott i)urchased an interest in the Phtenix Foundry, where he continued in business for nineteen years. He was in partner- ship with Capt. Burgess for eight years, five of which the latter was in Australia. They cast lots to see which should go to Australia, and the lot fell upon Capt. Burgess. They agreed to continue the business in both countries, which coinjiact was faithfully carried out, Mr. l^lliott having charge of the foundry and Capt. Burgess of the gold fields. Three years later the Captain returned, and the partnership was mutually dissolved. From that time until 1879, Mr. Elliott carried on the business by himself, and the same year took his elder sou into partnership. In 1881 he built an extensive foundry and agricultural works, which was burned down May 29, 1885, the loss being upwards of 8150,000. Mr. Elliott is a man of wide views and much ohservation, He has become quite familiar with Canada, having travelled througli the older Provinces and Manitoba. In Ins religious preferences he is Presbyterian. In 1853 he was married to Miss Priscilla, third daughter of John Corson, of Westminster, near Lambetli. Members of the Cor- son family were some of the earliest settlers of Canada, and they held a prominent place in the social and industrial life of the community. To Mr. and Mrs. Elliott were born nine children, six of whom are living. Joseph H. Elliott. Joseph H. Elliott is a dealer in hides and wool and general pro- duce. For over twenty-six years he has been a resident of London, Ontario, and is a man wlio shoiild be held in the highest esteem by those with whom he has business relations, for he has ever been the friend of the ])roducer, and the prices he has paid have been often detrimental to his own pecuniary interest. Mr. Elliott is a native and freeman of the City of Coventry, England, and was born Sent. 27, 18;i0. His father, John Elliott, and his mother, whose maiden name was Miss Sarah Harris, were both natives of the same place. Joseph H. Elliott was the elder of two children, and was but five years of age when his father died. His gi-andfather, on the mother's side, lived to be eighty- five years of age, and his paternal great-grandmother lived to be 120 years of age. Mr. Elliott was engaged in the watch-case manufacturing, and remained thus employed until he came to Canada. He married Miss Sarah Howitt in 1857 ; she was born in Leicestershire, England. They owTied the estate known as Shawberry Hall, which Mr. Elliott sold previous to his immigrating to Canada in 1802. After settling in London and making choice of a profession, Mr. Elliott selected the hide and wool business, in which he has since been engaged, and until the his da the T the prospe Eoxbo he wa,' a conn inarria: John, In Miss I ■A.,'nes Eobort. since r( Mr. El in tlie He is aB COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 803 past year he was for a long time interested in the tannery business with Mr. Arscott. The business career of Mr. ElHott lias been marked as one of fair dealing, and his policy towards those with whom he has long dealt has freqiuMitly been detrimental to his own interest, and while he has met with heavy losses in consequence of the decline in prices, his energy, vigor and confidence in the future are in marked contrast to those who would have succumbed and given up in desj)air from far less serious reverses. In 1X7 1, death entered his home, and she who for so many years had Ixion the partner of his joys and sorrows was taken away. She left three children, all daughters — Annie (now Mrs. Dymond, banker, of Paris, Ontario), Alice Kate (widow of Arthur lieid) and Sarah Jane. ^Ir. Elliott took for his second wife, Ann Eliza Coyne, a native of London, niece of Dr. Proud- foot, of London, and niece of Judge Proudfoot, of Toronto. By this union were born three son.s — Harris Proudfoot, Charles Coyne and George Roy. ]\Ir. Elliott is a member of the jMasonic fraternity, and a representative citizen of the county. John F. Elliot. John F. Elliot, farmer, is a descendant of one of the sturdy Scotch fimiilies who have done so much to settle up Westminster Township and to build up the school and churches of the same ; is the sou of John Elliot, and the grandson of John Elliot, sr., who was a Scotch- man, and who by his marriage became the father of three cliildreu — John, Elizabeth and Ellen. In 181.S, Mr. Elliot immigrated to New Brunswick and settled on a farm, where he remained for eighteen years. In June, liS.'JG, he moved with his family and settled on the Second Concession, Lot No. 17, and here he passed the remainder of his day.s. Mr. Elliot was a strong Presbyterian, and gave the land on the Third Concession for the First Presbyterian Church. He died at the age of eighty-four years, and was a hard-working man and a prosperous farmer. John Elliot, jr., father of subject, was born in Koxboroshire, Liddesdale, Scotland, and was but three weeks old when he was brought to this country by his parents in 18lS. He received a common school education, was reared to farm life, and was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Beattie. who bore him five children — ]\Largaret, John, James, Ann and William, In 1852, Mrs. Elliot died, and Mr. Elliot took for his .second wife Miss Elizabeth Nichol, and to them were born these children : — Mary> A^nes (deceased), Thomas, Mattie, George, Andrew, Charles and Robert. Mr. Elliot settled on the old homestead and here he has since remained. He is a member of the Scotch Presbyterian Church. Mr. Elliot has taken an active interest in building up the schools and in the cau.se of education, and has held the oftice of school trustee. He is a Reformer in politics, and is a substantial farmer, who has the 804 HISTORY OF THE respect and esteem of all who know him. His son, John F. Elliot, was born on the old homestead in Middlesex County, Out., in 1844, and was roared to farm life. He received a arty with Edward IV., against the house of Lancaster. Nicholas d'Errington died in the secontl year of Queen Elizabeth's reign. John Errington, the last Chief of lieaufront, who died in ISL'8, was the grandfather of Frederic W., and lived at Ilighwarden, near Hexham, County of Northumberland, England, his .son. Rev. Ealj)h Errington, being the youngest of his family. The latter entered the English army as aide-de-camp of General Abererombie, serving in Egypt against the French ; and after his return took orders in the Church of England and held the perpetual curacy of Widering- ton, being also curate of Ulgham, in Northumberland County, and, in his latest years, vicar of ^litford. Margaret D. Watson became his wife and the mother of fourteen children, whose names are as follows : — Diana, Lucy (who died in childhood), Cuthbert, Mary, Donjthy. Margaret, Kalph, Frances, Louisa, Ellen, John, Thomas, P^lizabeth and Frederic W. The llev. R. Errington died in 1851, at the age of seventy-six years, followed by his wife a few months later. Frederic W. Errington, the youngest of their children, was born in 1824, in Northumberland County, England, receiving a good education in the schools of Widerington and Ulgham, and at the early age of fifteen years left home to join his brother Thomas, who had come to Canada three years previously and had purchased a farm of 11)0 acres in Middlesex County, Ontario, on which he was living with his wife, whose maiden name was Miss Lucetta Neville, a daughter of Andrew Neville, who was an old settler of the county, and was a participator in the war of 1812, being in the battle of Luudy's Laue. 810 HISTOKY OF THE Thos. Errington became the father of seven cliildven, and in 1853 was lost on board the steamship City of Glasgow, on his retui'ii from Eng- land. Frederic W, Errington made his home with his brother Thomas for three years, and then ])urchased a farm of KKS acres on the Sixth Concession, on which he lived and kept " bachelor's hall " for some time, being assisted occasionally by his sister, ]\Irs. Minchin Jackson. In 1854 he wedded Miss Matilda D. Wright, a daughter of John D. and Aim (Locke) Wright, and became the father of twelve children, ten of whom lived to maturity — Frederic C, Matilda A., Elizabeth, ^Margaret 11., Frances E, William A., Dora L, Percy A., Ellen D., and lialph W. At the time of his marriage Mr Errington sold the farm on which he ha(1 been living and purchased his present place, which now consists of . 50 acres. He and his wife are members of the Church of England, and he has been warden in the same for many years, and is holding at the present time the position of Ensign in the County Militia. He has been a hard worker, suffering many of the privations of tlie pioneer life, and is now a well-preserved and hale man of 64 years. On first coming to Canada he landed at Alontreal, sailed in the merchantman " Frederick Young," and was the only passenger from South Shields, England. From Montreal he went to Kingston via Ottawa and the Rideau Canal, thence to Niagara Falls by horse tram- way, on the railroad from that point to BuHialo. After a long delay at tliis city, he went to Port liurwell by .schooner going from that city, to St. Thomas by waggon, and then to IMcGregor's Tavern, which was practically the end of his journey. JAMES Essex. James Essex, proprietor of the brass and iron worlcs of London, Canada, was born in Cambridge, England, February 9, 1851, and was reared with a mercantile experience. In 1872 he immigrated to Canada and settled in London, where he eng.aged in brass work and plumbing, and since 1882 has been engaged in his present business. His career has not been without the usual anxieties attendant upou the establishment of such an enterprize, but his energy, determination, and many admirable traits of character have insured him success, and his early efforts and experiences have proved of material benefit. Year by year his trade has increased until it has assumed its present admir- able proportions. He has always been scrupulously exact in the ful- filment of all his obligations, and, as a reward, has built up within a comparatively short time a thriving and already lucrative business. He was married in 1878 to Miss Mary J. Mills, a native of London, Ontario, and by her has a family of three children — May M., P^thel W. and Huron J, Mr. Essex is a member and Treasurer of tiie Itoyal Arcanum, and is one of the honored men of Middlesex County. His father and mother, Philip and Rebecca (Morris) Essex, were both born in England. COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. Dr. William Evely. 811 Dr. William Evely, veterinary surgeon at Strathroy, and son of Dr. William and Grace (IJraily) Evely, was born in County Devon, Eng- land, Feb. 26, 1843. The parents were both natives of England. The father was horn about 1810 ; was a leading and successful veterinary .surgeon, and was extensively known. The family came to Canada in. 1857 and settled near St. Thomas, where the mother of the subject of this sketch now resides on the old homestead, and is over 70 j'ears of age. The father died in 1877. Of a family of six children, four now living, Dr. AVilliam Evely, jr , is the eldest child. He received the rudiments of an education in England, and after coming to Canada continued at school for some time. He early took up the study of veterinary surgeon, and March oO, 1869, he graduated at the Toronto Veterinary School. The same year he came to Strathroy, and here he has continued the practice of his j^rofession with much success, being one of the most successful of his line in the County of Middlesex. iJr, Evely was united in marriage in December, 1870, to IMiss Sarah McPherson, of Lobo. They have two children — Ida M. and Howard N. Mr. Evely is Conservative in his political views, is a member of the Masonic fraternity, 15eaver Lodge, No. 83, is an honorable, upright citizen, and he and wife are members of the Canadian Methodist Episcopal Church. A. G. FENWICK, M. D. A. G. Fenwick, M. D., of London, has for the past thirteen years been jn'ominently associated with the professional interests of the County of Middlesex, and is deserving of more tliau a passing mention in any history of the same. He was born in London, England, in 1818, his ]«rents, Joseph and Margaret (Groigj Fenwick, being natives of Northumberland County, England, and Scotland, respectively. The fatlier was engaged in mercantile pursuit.s, and for a long time was an extensive vessel owner; but, owing to impaired health, afterwards abandoned this business, and about 1824 immigrated to Canada and .settled in Quebec. Here Dr. A. G. Fenwick was reared to nuxnhood, and after choosing the medical profession as his calling through life, entered the McGill College, of Montreal, and was graduated from the class of 1840. The same year he was appointed House Surgeon to tlie Marine and Emigrant Hospital, (i)uebec, which he held five years. He then went to England, and after an attendance at the Royal College of Surgeons, was graduated from that institution in 184(). On his return to Canada he was appointed one of the Medical Assistants at the Quarantine Station, Grosse Isle, in 1847. He was for many years one of tlie Governors of the (College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada, and in 1875 was induced by lUshop Hellmuth to come to 61 812 HISTOllY OF THK London and take the medical charge of both the Ladies' and lioys' Ccil- leges. In 1882 he was one of those who took an active interest in tlie estiiblishmcnt of the Medical Department of Western University, and occupies the chairs of Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxic- ology, and also fills the position of llepresentative to Medical Council, Toronto. He was married in 1!S48 to Miss Caroline Holmes, of Liver- pool, England, by whom he has five children — Arnold, William 1., Caroline, Louisa and Frances. The Doctor is a member of the I. 0. of Foresters and the A. F. & A. M. He has always acquitted himself creditably throughout his professional career, and possesses those ([uali- ties of head and heart which make him universally esteemed and respected. John Ferguson. John Ferguson, of the firm of Ferguson Bros., lumber dealers, of London, Canada, was born in OttaAva, Canada, of Scotch parents, Aug. 4, 1848. His father, Alexander Ferguson, was born in Inverness, and was there married to Elizabetli McLachlin, moving afterwards to Canada. When their son John was quite young, they moved to the County of Grey, and here he was reared with a mercantile experience until he was eighteen years of age, when he came to London and accepted a position in the lumber business, and remained thus em- ployed until 1878. In the meantime he had passed diH'erent grades of jromotion until he became manager of the business, and at that date le and his brother Alexander, who had also been emj)loyed in the '. umber business, embarked in their present enterprise, commencing on a small scale, and from the first have done well financially, and coni- cianded a good trade. From time to time they increased their busi- ness as far as their means would permit, until now, in addition to their yard on York street, they have a branch estiiblishment on Hamilton Koad, for greater convenience to patrons in that section. Their stock is the largest and most complete of any similar stock in London, and the quality and variety of their produce, together with their honorable business methods, have combined to secure for them a trade highly complimentary to their business ability, as well as to tiieir social standing. They attend to the most trivial details of their busines-s, and are gentlemanly and obliging in their relations with the pulilic. Socially, they are members of the Masonic fraternity. They deal in all kinds of lumber (dressed and undressed), lath, shingles, cedar po.sts, etc., and give employment to thirteen hixnds. In 1878, John Fergu- son was married to Elizabeth May Hobbs, a native of Devonshire, Eug. JOHN W. FETHERSTON. John W. Fetherston, organist Queen's Avenue Methodist Churcli, and music teacher, of Loudon, was born in Longford, Ireland, in 18"iS, Ale Jnvern( Findlay Ellen (. and slie the fani our sub] ■It the i] for the Co., am present but put tion, lie au inip( J holds ml tliorougl tile j)osil wliich Jul 's .showif ^- F. anj o.s.c coii.sitlerel hotioraWif oi' Hastij Bertlia, I| COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 813 and is the son of John Williani and Margaret (Ellis) Fetherston. natives of Ireland and Wales respectively. The father left the land of his birth, immigrated to Canada, and settled in ^lontreal in IS()4. He was engaged in the coffee and spice trade. Of the nine children born to his maniige, John W. was the eldest. He was reared in Montreal from six years of age, and early in life manifested an interest in music, to which he has since devoted his attention. He has been an organist in church since fifteen years of age, and secured his musical education in Montreal. He came to London in 1885, and has since been organist in (Queen's Avenue Methodist Church, and devotes a great deal of attention to church and choir matters. He was married June 23, 1887, to Miss Hattie Forsythe, of Dundas, county of Went- worth, born December ijl, 1866, and the daughter of John For.sythe. Mr. Fetherston gives instruction in harmony and counterpoint, voice culture and tone production, and is one of the most successful music- teachers in the City of London. Alexander Findlay. Alexander Findlay, engineer of the City Water-works, was born in Inverness-shire, Scotland, December 14, 18r)0, being a son of Alexander Findlay, who was also born in Scotland, and was a shoemaker by trade. Ellen (Anderson) Findlay, the mother, was also born in the same place, and she and Mr. Findlay became the parents of six children. In 1855 the family immigrated to Canada, and located first in Hamilton. After our subject attained a suitable age, he began serving an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade and engine building, and made this his calling for the past twenty years. He worked for a long time with Kelley & Co., and was foreman in the .shops in which the machinery of the present Water-works was made, and he not only helped to build them, but put them in place. At the time he was called to his present posi- tion, he was with I'atterson Bros., of Woodstock, where he was filling im important position of superintendent, and no man in this .sectioii holds more complimentary letters and credentials for efficiency and thoroughness than Mr. Findlay. Since November, 1888, he has held the position of engineer of the London Water-works, the duties of which he is filling in a very satisfiictory manner. His fraternal spirit is shown by being a member of the I. O. O. F., the A. 0. U. W., tho A. F. and A, M., and is Past Chief of Clan Sutherland, Woodstock, 0. S. C. He has attained considerable reputation as an athlete, and is considered by all who know him to be an agreeable gentleman and an honorable citizen. In 1872 he was married to Miss Mary E. Eandall, of Hastings, by whom he has the following children : — Alexander^ Bertha, Hugh, Bessie and David. 814 IirSTOUY OF THE William Weir Fitzgerald. This gentleman is a barrister at London, Ontario. The history of Middlesex County, especially that part whicli refers to London Town- sliip, would be inconi))let,e without the name of Fitzgerald, for tlieir connection with the early settlement dates back to a period which oidy a few can remember, when the country was a comparative wilderness and its inhabitants few and far between. In 1818, Edward Fitzgerald came from Tipperary, Ireland, accompanied by his family, which con- sisted of his wife and seven children, and settled in London Township. The maiden name of his wife was INIargtiret Talbot, daughter of Thonius Talbot, of Clonen ( "astle, and the names of the children were : — George, William, John, Frederick, Esther (who married Edward Sale), Ann (who became the wife of Samuel Howard), and Mary (wife of W. K, Talbot, J. P.), still living in London Township. Three of the sons were grown to maturity on their arrival here. They all settled in London Township, and commenced making a home. The father had been a manufactiu'er in his native country, but after coming to C'anada he devoted his entire attention to agricultural pursuits. The locality where they settled was given the name of Fitzgerald Settlement, by which it is known at the present time. Frederick Fitzgerald (the father of the subject of this sketch), the youngest son, was born in Ireland in 1S03, and was about sixteen years of age when his parents inmiigrated to Canada. He was reared to agricultural ]iursuits, and made this his calling in life. He was twice married, first to Miss Aim Culbert, who died, leaving five children — John, Margaret, Sarah, ;\Iary and llebecca. Mr. Fitzgerald took for his second wife Margaret AVeir, who bore him ten children — five sons, William Weir, Frederick, Edward, George and James still residing in the Fitzgerald Settlement, and five daughters, all married and residing near the old homestead. The father of this large family held the office of Justice of the Peace until his death, which occurred in May, 1882 ; his widow is still living. William Weir Fitzgerald was born in London Townsliip, November 23, 1845, and liis career fully illustrates the truth that one of the most remarkable and distinguished characteristics of our western civilization is the number and prominence of comparatively young men in professional, official and business life. Among those who liave made a success of life's battles, and who is deservedly ranked among the progressive and leading citizens of their community, is the subject of this sketch. His early life was si)ent on his father's farm, and, although the occupation was distasteful to him, he labored faillifidly in the uncongenial and exacting duties required of him, and spent his evenings in poring over his books. He desired from his youth to enter some learned profession, and finally settled on the law, and commenced preparing himself for this calling. He first commenc to Miss Sarah Comfort, a native of the City of London, Ontario. Ho has held many public ollices find positions of trust and responsibility, and has come to the front in every sphere he has entered as a contestant for public favors, and is now spoken of for .still higher honors, in connection with the representation of the county in Parliament. Frederick Ardell Fitzgerald. Frederick Ardell Fitzgerald, President and Manager of the Imperial Oil Company, the largest enterprise of the kind in Canada, was born in London Townsliip, Middlesex County, Canada, October 16, 1840, and is a son of John and Eebecca Fitzgerald, who immigrated from Ire- land to Canada in 1820, and settled in London Townsliip. Of a large family born to their union, one son and five daughters survive them. Frederick A. Fitzgerald was reared in Middlesex County, and received a good English education, lie began life in the grocery business in the City of London, and by unremitting industry, watchfulness and ability, he soon built up a large trade, which is now conducted upon his own proi)erty on Dundas street, known as the Fitzgerald Block. For the l)ast seventeen years Mr. Fitzgerald's attention has been largely directed to petroleum oil operations. He is largely interested in oil re- fining, and is President and Managing- Director of the Imperial Oil Company, a large corporation composed of leading oil men, and is also a member of the firm of F. A. Fitzgerald & Co. He is largely inter- ested in the production of crude oil, and owns extensive and valuable producing property in Lambton Co. He was one of the builders of the London Water-works in 1878. He is also President of the London Furniture ^lanufacturing Company, which is one of the substantial in- dustries of the city, giving employment to a large number of men. He is also as.sociated with the manufacturing and commercial institutions, and in every walk of life his career has been above criticism or re- proach. He is a man of unbending honor and uncorruptible honesty, and well merits the position he holds as a business man and citizen. He was married to Miss IMary Edith, eldest daughter of ^lajor Charles Jones, of this County, who came here from London, England. This family circle consists of four children. Mr. Fitzgerald is a member ol the Masonic Order, and is an attendiint at the ^lethodist Church. The Imperial Oil Company, organized in 1880, of which Mr. Fitz- 816 HISTORY OF THE gerald is President, is the lar, when 'a immigrated to Canada, thinking to better his condition. After working as a journeyman until 187o, he started in business for himself in company with Flory, Wattam & Goldsmith, in building the Oddfellow.s' Hall, the Grand Trunk Station on Bathurst street, and the greater portion of the Car- works ; Goldsmith & Garratt built the Masonic Temple and High School, McCormick's residence, Benj. Croi;yn's residence, C. V. Goodhue's residence, Masuret's, the Bishop of Huron's, the Simcoe Street School building, and many others. In 1886 he was elected to the City Council from tlie Fourth Ward, previou.sly known as the old Sixth Ward. On the 1 st of June, 1872, he was married to Miss Lucy Read, who was born in County SutVolk, England, and by her has six children — Gertrude, Grace, Frederick, Ernest, Lucy and Charles. IVIr. Garratt belongs to the Ancient Order of Foresters, and is a Koyal Arch Mason, St. John's Chapter, No. 3, Richard Creur de Lion Commaiulery. In 1888 he was elected to the position of Alderman of the Fourth Ward, filling the duties of the office very efticiently, and in every calling of life has been a con- scientious worker and an honorable man. William M. Gartshore. William M. Gartshore was born in Dundas, Ont., April 3, 18r)3, Ids parents, John and Margaret (Moir) Gartshore, being natives of Scotland. The father was an iron manufacturer, and was one of the first to engage in that industry west of Kingston. William M. Gart- shore was reared in Dundas, and his primary education was supple- COUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX. 82;{ TiKMitcd at Gait Cnlloj^c. Ho Icaiiiod iron inamifacturi!ii» in his fatliov'fl t'stahli.shniLMit, and in iMT.'i caiU'! to London, and for threo years was manai^iM' of the London Car Wheel Coin))any, and then be- cajne ooiuieotwl with the McClary Manufadnrinj,' Coin])any, heinj^ made Secretary of the same in 1H78, and Viee-Presidi'iit and Manager in \HH\), and is now fdlin^ this position. He has held a commission in the 7th Fnsiliers since LS74 (and is at present ^Lljor of that rej,'inient), and for three years jn'ovious to this was connected with tht; " Qneen's Own," of Toronto, iMr. (iartshore was married in lN7t'i to MissCassie McClary, a danj;hter of dohn McClary, and by her is the father of one child, Edna. He is one of the risiiij^ yonng business men of Loiulon, and commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. JosErn Gatecliff. Illustrating the possibilities of this country for young men without means or influence but character aiul determination, ability iind indus- try to succeed, a most striking example is atlbrded in the life and career of the; subject of this sketch. Joseph GatecliH' was born in Yorkshire, England, ^larch ."U, lSo'2, and is the son of George and Mary (Smith) GateclilV, both natives of Yorkshire. England. Of their seven children, Joseph GateclilV is the youngest .son but one. When eleven years of age he coinmencetl working at the butchering business, and this calling he has since followed. ] le became imja'cssed with the belief that America afforded better inducements for a young man to succeed in life, and as a consiiiuence he came to Canada in l.S7'l lu 1S72, before leaving his native country, Mr. Gatecliff was married to Miss Ellen Uickerdike, a native of Yorkshire, England. They have live children — George, Joseph H., Charles 11, Lovina and Alfred. After coming to Canada, Mr. GateclitV at once found employment at a small salary, and worked with a will to make his family comfortable. He continued working for others until 1881', when he engaged in the business for himself, and since that time the career of no business man ill London has been more marked. His trade has been of a steady and increas'Mg growth, and he has added from time to time as his surroundings demanded. He has now all the improveii conveniences for conducting the business, and it may be here stated that a more complete and better equipped market cannot be found. Mr. Gatecliff is an excellent judge of meat, and buys to the best advantage, always having on hand the most desirable stock for the customers. He re- ceives and merits the respect and confidence of all who know him. What he has accumulated has been by industry, economy and good management, and he now has a comfortable competency to conduct liis successful and prosperous business. He is a member of the L O. 0. v., Independent Order of Foresters, Canadian Order of Foresters and Royal Arcanum. 824 HISTOKY OF THE H. E. Gates. Among the many enterprises to which London is indebted for its good name as a business centre, may be mentioned the Canada Life Assurance Company, whicli ranks among the representative enter- prises of liie Dominion. The o}ierations of this institution extend through all ])arts of Canada, and its business transactions more than double '".lat of any three Companies put together. The Canada Life Assurance Comjiany was established in l.S-i7, with head(|uarters at Hamilton, and from its inception until the jiresent time, the career of the Company, under careful conservfitive management, has proven a successful one, as may be inferred from the fact that tlie capital and funds of the Company at this date is over 610,000,000, and their annual income is over §1,700,000. This Company issue on all approved systems, having a thoroughly sound financial basis, and on Assurance by ten annual payments for a policy payable at death, at rates which no rival can beat. This is essentially a national institu- tion of which the people may well be proud, and all who have the interest of home institutions at heart should, without hesitation, accej)t the liberal terms in insurance oflered by the Company. Tiie execu- tive officers are : — A. G. liamsey, President ; F. W. Gates, Vice-Presi- dent; R. Hills, Secretary ; and Alex. Ramsey, Superi) tendeiit ; while the list of Directors embrace some of the most prominent business men and ca])italists of the Dominion, sufficient in itself to form a guarantee of success to any enterjjrise. The London Branch of this establishment is under the supervision of H. E. Gates, under whose able administration the business of the Company is well looked after. John Geary. John Geary, oil manufacturer, farmer, and stock raiser of London Township, Middlesex County, was born on the farm on which he now resides on the 2nd of March, 1838, and is a son of John and Elixa (Haskett) Geary, both of whom were born in County Tipperary, Ire- land. The father came to Canada with his ])arents when lie was about wWelve years of age (in 1812), and settled with them on a farm in Middlesex (Jounty, Ontario, where he spent the remaindc; of his days ; his death occurring on the 24th of May, 187:1 He was a contractor by occupation, and he and his uncle, William G. Geary, who came to Canada at the same time he did, built the most of the public woiks for the Government throughout Canada. Both served in the Rebellion of 18.17, John Geary attaiiing the rank of Major. He became the father of eight children, seven of whom are living — George, a resident of Mis.souri; William, at Sacramento, Cal. ; John; Mary J., wife of Justus Ingersoll ; Theoi)hilus J. (deceased); Bessie, wife of Rev, K. T. ,rr^ COUNTY OF MIDULESKX, 825 Dixon of Tilsonbui't:; ; llobert, a resident of London Townshiy); and llicliard, a druggist at Savnia. Tlie paternal grandfather first became a resident of Middlesex County when the country was almost a wilder- ness, inhabited by all kinds of wild game. He took a free land grant of 100 acres, built him a little log cabin and began clearing his land. Here he lived for many years, but made some valuable improvements before his death, which occurred December 2, 1851'. John Geary, whose name heads this sketch, was reared on the old homestead, receiving his primary education in the Grammar Schools of London and (ioderich, supplemented by a law course under D. M. Thompson of London, which course he finished in Toronto. In 1862 he began the practice of his ))rofession, which he continued until 18G8, then gave it up entirely to engage in the manufacture of oil at London. A partnership was formed with J. K. Minhinnick and George Mon- crieff", the firm taking the name of Minhiiniick, Geary & (Jo., manufac- turers of petroleum oil, which continued until 187o, when they sold out, Mr. Geary and Mr. Minhinnick re-engaged in the business shortly after, and have done a prosperous business uj) to the present time. ^Ir. Geary has also 'ven his attention to farming and stock raising, and has one of the finest herds of cattle in Canada, they being of the I'olled-Aberdeen Angus breetl. His horses are imported English 8hire, and his sheej), Lincoln and Shropshire — all registered. He was engaged in buying aTid selling stock until a short time ago, when he turned his attention to the dairy business, and now has 160 fine cows, which he^ milks twice a day, a portion of which goes to the city, and the rest to his cheese-factory, which was erected in 18.^"], and turns out about eighty tons of cheese annually. Mr. Geary is the owner of 286 acres of land in one tract, where he lives, and 100 acres in another, making him one of the extensive and wealthy landholders of the county. His residence, which was erected in 1883, is one of the handsomest in the township, is beautifully situated and surrounded by trees. He has never taken part in politics, with the exception o*" assisting his friends to office; but is a staunch Con.servative. In 1864, his marriage with Miss Mary M. Smart was celebrated. She was born in Scotland, is a member of the Episcopal Church, and the mother of two daughters — Isabel P. E., and Alice. Robert Geary. Robert Geary, stock dealer and importer of fine horses, was born in the Town.ship of London, Middlesex County, October 3, 1847, and i.s the son of John and Eliza (Haskett) Geary (a short history of whom is given in the sketch of John (reary). Robert Geary ac(iuired a good education in the common schools and schools of London, which enabled liim to understand the principles of covuuercial life, and insured his success in after years. He remained on the h^^me farm with his parents V Vm I fl 826 HISTORY OF THE until his marriage, tlien located and still lives on the farm which his father cleared, it bein<^ originally heavily tiinl)ered. When he was about fourteen yetirs of age, his In'others all loft home, and he was left to manage the liome farm as best he could. After seven years' liard labor, lie was married and came to his present homo ; but soon after, his house, which was a frame, caught lire and was burned to the ground, one of his hired men being burned to death in that conflagra- tion, and anoth(!r barely escaping with his life, even witli Mr. Geary's assistance. About one year later, Mr. Geary erected his present residence, a handsome two-story briclc, which is very pleasantly located in a grove of forest trees. For several years jiast he has given his attention alino.st entirely to rai.sing fine stock, and has .some exceptionally fine Clydesdale and English Shire h(irs(!S, and Lincoln- shire sheep. He goes west about twice a year (into Utah, Montana, and other territories of the United States), to sell his stock, whicli necessitates his absence from home the most of the time, and his busi- ne.ss transactions in those regions have been very satisfactory. His farm is very valuable for its grazing facilities, its location, and for its si)acious and substantial residence and outbuildings. Mr. Geary is a gentleman well adapted for the business in which he is engaged, owing to his intelligence, energy and love for animals. On account of his many sterling business and social qualities, he has won many friends, who have shown their appreciation of his many excellencies by electing him to a number of offices of trust. He was elected to the office of assessor in 187'.*, which jiosition he held two years, and during 1877 and 1S78 was a meml)er of the Township Council. He is Past Grand in (he Masonic fraternity, and is, also, a member of the Indejiendent Order of Oddfellows. On October 7, 1880, he was married to Mi.ss Eleanor Collins, by whom he has three little daughter.? — Eleanor L., Anna I., and ]\Iary B. William Geddes. AVilliam Geddes, nf the firm of Geddes Bros., dealers in dry goods, clothing, ca. pets, millinery, etc., Strathroy, was born in London, Ont., in 1851. His father, James Geddes, died in 1H~)9, and those who knew London before that ilale, well remember him as an active, pro- gressive, business man. William received his early education in London, and finished at the .Strathroy (Jrammar School. His first ex])erience in business \vas i" the l)ook trade, but only for one year. Since that time, dry goods has l)een his occu])ation, princi]ially in Strathroy and lirantford. In 1881, in partnershij) with his brother, J. Ross ('eddes, the jire.sent firm of Geddes l^ros. was organized, and the business as it now stands is the result of their enterprise, energy and push. Not many towns can boast of as handsome a place of business as that of the Messrs. Geddes liros., a large double store, A MIDWINTER L^CKNK. ^^ .ii i-l i\ i'i I yil 4r)xioo 1 (III casli 1 Store." of the fir: lioiiie ma of tlie pe Willif mill in I Canada, i -'7, 1841, were nati' five child: thirteen y which occ Canada ai trade and power mac doois, blin( tracts for description nienced liis is the resul Miss Faniii father of s Jlaiid, Mill her of the J John ]\: leading nier He came to ^larys Adt time, lie t tile firm of I'arkhill, M partnership business at iiient of the a member of town, the dn married Mis Worthy mem three childrei 62 COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 829 4r)xl00 feet, with two flats above the grouiKi floor. The trade is dotie on cash basis, the house being known as " Tiie I'eople's I'opular Cash .Store." Senn-aniuial trips are made to Great IJritaiu by one or otlier of the firm, all the imported goods being personally selected in the home market. The Messrs. Geddes deservedly enjoy the confidence of the people. William Gerry. William (!erry, contractor and builder and proprietor of a jilaning mill in London South, first became a resident of Middlesex County, Canada, in 186S. He was born in Devonshire, England, November 27, 1841, and is a son of Oliver and Fannie (Baskerville) Gerry, wlio were natives of the same shire. William Gerry is the third of their five children, and was reared in his native county on a farm until thirteen yeai's of age, when he began learning the carpenter's trade, which occupation he has since followed. In lS6iS he immigrated to Canada and settled in London, where he continued working at his trade and aftewards opened a shop of his own. In 1S75 he put in power machinery for doing all kinds of planing and for manufacturing doors, blinds and sashes, and, in addition to his mill work, takes con- tracts for building, and his business, which at first was of a modest description, has grown gradually to its present pro))ortions. He com- iiu'iiced his career without means, and what property he has acquired is the result of his own imlustry. He was married in July, 1871, to Miss Fannie Baker, a native of Devonshire, England, and Iv ' her is the lather of seven children — Thomas, ]\Iary F., Edward E. A., Jessie Maud, Millie M., Virginia Pearl and Willie \'>. i\Ir. Gerry is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity and tlie Independent Order of Foresters. John M. Gibes. John IM. Gibbs, the present mayor of Parkhill, and one of the loading merchants of the town, was burn at Dundee, Scotland, in 1837. He came to Canada in 1857, locating at St. Marys; established the St. Marys Advertiser, a weekly newspaper, which he edited for some tiiue. He then sold the pajier and became a member of the mercan- tile firm of A. Beattie & Co. In 18112 they opened a branch store at Parkhill, i\Ir. Gibbs assuming charge of the business. In LSd-l the partnershiji was dissolved, and since that -time Mr. Gibbs has been in business o,t Parkliill. He is interested in the educational advance- ment of the county, and, since the organization of the village, has been a meniber of tlu; School Board. In 1888 he was elected mayor of the town, the duties of which ollice he is now discharging. In 1862 he married Miss Margaret Macintosh, of St. Marvs. Mrs. Gibbs was a worthy member of the Presbyterian (,'hurcli, and died in 187;>, leaving three children. He is a ILeformer in politics. 62 m ■i^; iliO HISTORY OF THE Richard Gibson. Ilidiard Gibson, a proiniiicnt fanner and stock misor, of Dolawaio Tuwushi)), was born in Belvoir, Leicestershire, P^nylaTid, Feb. 10, 1840, and is the son of llicliard and Mary Gibson. Of a family of fourteen children, he is the eldest son, and at the age of twenty-one he came to Canada, and in ISiili went to Lonjf Island, where he accepted a ])osition as manager of a farm of 1,500 acres, belonging to Mr. Delanietor, of New York. In 1865, Mr. Gibson went to New York Mills, and assumed the management of the New York Mills Stock Farm, whore he remained six years. In LS7l he came to Canada and located in London Township, near the City of London. In 1883 he removed to Delaware Township, and located on his ])resent fine farm of 300 acre><, one of the best in the county, where he is devoting his time and attention to the bnjeding and raising of short-horned cattle, and has achieved a wide reputation as a leading man in this business, he having received the largest average in Chicago of the short-horned breeders of America. He has imported many. In 1862 he married Miss Elizabeth liobson, a native of London, and a daughter of George Ivobson. Five children — four daughters and a son — are the result of this union. ]\Ir. Gibson was appointed to a jiosition on the board of the Ontario Agricidtural Commissioners, April 12, 1880. He is a member of the Church of Jlngland, and is Conservative in jiolitics. He devotes much attention to the raising of thoroughbred collie and fo.x ten'ier dogs. Thomas Gillean. Thomas Gillean, jeweler, of London, Ont, is one of the rising youiij,' business men of the place, and was born in the city in which he is now residing, Jannary l.'!, 185."), being the son of James Gillean, who was born in the North of Scotland, July 3, 1823. The latter was reared and educated at the home of his l)irth, and after leaving seliool, served a seven years' ajiprenticeshiiJ at the book-binding and stationery business. In 1 ho ininii},'rated to (,'anada, .settled in Nova Scotia and there lived for nine years, ('ni,'a!T;ed in rnnnini,' a water saw-mill, bnt the last three years tau<^ht school in connection with the saw-mill l)nsiiies3. He came to London in 1852, and, for four yeans, enaj^aj^jed as clerk in a general store, after which for two years he tilled the same i)Ositi(jn in a wliolesale store. October L!2, 1855, he married Miss Elizabeth Grant, of L(jndon, Ont., who was born September 5, 1830. Her parents camo to ( 'anada from Scotland in 1832. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon became the ]iarents of nine children, viz. : — Charles G., Klizabijth, Mary, Dollie, Ethel, Thomas, Charles, Jessie and Ernest. The first-born died when three years old. In 1858, Mr. Gordon enf:;aged in business for himself at Longwoods, Ont.,wliere he continued merchandising for nineteen years. In 18(10 he served as P. M. in the County of Middlesex. In 1862 he was a]i])ointed Ju.stice of the Peace at Longwoods, which office he held until 1875, wIkmi he was appointed a ('ommis.sioner B. It, In 187t> he was a][iointed Indian Agent, which position he has since held, and a year later he was ai>])ointed one of the License Commissioners of West Middlesex. In 1878 he came to Strathroy, and here he now resides. In I88.'5 he was appointed County Trustee for the Strathroy Collegiate Institute, and for two years has been a member of the Board of Health. Eor many years ho has been taking an active interest in the ])ublic alfairs of the county. Mr. Gordon is a tlK)rough temperance advocate, and is one of the favorably known men of Middlesex. He and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been a church officer for thirty years. Charles S. Goulding. Charles S. Goulding, farmer, fine stor ' raiser, and director of the Birr cheese factory. Concession 11, Lot i, was b(jrn where he now resides, March 5, 182U, and is a son of Charles and Ann (Shoebottoin) Goidding, natives of Queen's County, Ireland. They were married in their native land, and, previous to their immigration to Canada, had one child, that died on tlie voyage and was buried at sea. They reached Canada in 1818, and, after locating in Middlesex t'ounty, the father Worked for some time at the blacksmith's trade, which he had learned in his native land. After locating on Concession (i, he entered 100 acres of land, on which he resided for some time, and then, after a short residence on the Kiver Thames, finally bought 300 acres of land, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ^ m 140 IIIM 1.8 1.25 1.4 III 1-6 -^ 6" — ► <^ /i ^5^ J>^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. H5B0 (716) 872-4S03 iV *% \\ ^V ^ ■» «• 6^ rv^' 4!^ '9>^ v C'd 836 HISTOllY OF THE where his son Charles S. now lives, of two United Empire Lojalists. He made nearly all the improvements on his farm himself, and became one of the wealthy citizens of the comity, lie served in the war of the rebellion, was a Conservative politically, and was a member of tlie Chnrch of England. Nine of his eleven children are now living- Mary (wife of B. Sifton, was the first child born in London Townsliip, her birth occurring the same year as that of the Queen), Esther (widow of John Sale), -lames, John, Charles S.. Ann (widow of Charles Minchin), Jane, Thomas and Joseph. Charles S. Goulding owns 100 acres of valuable land, and all his life has resided on the farm where he now lives. He gives considerable attention to stock raising, and makes a specialty of breeding fine horses. He is a stockholder in, and one of the directors of, the liirr cheese factory, and is one of the lead- ing and enterprising business men of the county. In 1859 he was married to Mary Talbot, a daughter of Edward Talbot, one of the early settlers of the Township, and by her became the father of eight children, four of whom are living — Mary, Charles, Edward and Willie. Mrs. Goulding died in 187'S, lamented by all who knew her. Mr. Goulding is a member of the Church of England. R. M. GRAHAM. R, M, Graham, Principal of the Simcoe St. School, of Loudon, Canada, was born in Toronto, Feb. 22nd, 1857, his parents being Thomas and Eliza (Davidson) Graham, both of whom were born in the " Emerald Isle," the latter being from the County Armagh. 11. M. Graham is the second of their five children, and when he was about two years of age his j)arents moved to Dunkeld, near Walkerton, in County of Bruce, where they resided until he was about six years of age. The family then moved to Bervie village, in the County of Bruce, and from the latter place, after six years, to Kincardine, County of Bruce, where he attended the High School under the Mastership of J. E. Burgess, and in 1875 passed an examination for a third certifi- cate, and in the following year commenced teaching, which occuiiatioii he followed tliree years in S S. No. 0, Huron Township, County of Bruce. During this jieriod he was a close student, and prepared liiiii- self for a higher standard as an instructor, and in 187i) attended tlie Brantford Collegiate Institute until his admittance into the Normal School, Toronto, where he jiassed the July examination of 1879, seem- ing a second-class certificate. He then came to London, and attemlod the Loudon Collegiate for the first part of 1880, when he was appointed Assistant Mathematical and Commercial Master in Harriston Higli School, and at the same time took private lessons in mathematics from Prof. O'Connor, who is now Professor of Mathematics in Trinity Col- lege, Toronto. In the fall of 1880 he took charge of a school in Lon- don Township, near St. Johns village, and in May, 1882, was COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 837 appointed Principal of London West Public Schools. He remained there till 188.'^, when he took cliarj,'e of Horton St. School, City of London, in September. While Principal of Horton St. School, he pri- vately prepared himself, and obtained a first-class professional pro- vincial certificate. After the completion of Simcoe St. School, he was ay)pointed Principal of the same, which, at the ]iresent time, is one of the most iiujiortant charges in the city, there being a total of twelve teachers employed in the building. In July, LS88, he was married to Miss May Lackie, a native of Montreal (whom he met as a \m\)\\ while in London West). Mr. Graham is a Past Master of King Solomon Lodge of A. F. & A. M., and is a member of the Koyal Arcanum. STEPHEN Grant. Stephen Grant, assessment commissioner of London, Ont, was born in Kings (,'ounty, Ireland, January 27, 1847, and is a son of William and Mary (Piper) Grant, who were also natives of the Emer- ald Isle, and the parents of seven children. Stephen Grant is the fifth child and fourth son, and grew to manhood in his native land. At the age of twenty-two years he left Ireland and immigrated to Canada, locating at London, Out., where for one year he was a member of the city police force. Subsecjuently, for twelve years he held the position of steward of the City Hos])ital, and the following five years served as assessor. He has held his jire.sent position as assessment commissioner for the last two years, and liis fitness is fully appreciated by his fellow- citizens. In every official position he has occupied, he has proven his energy, honesty and sterling qualities. He was engaged for a short time in the insurance business, in i)artnership with J. A. Nelles. In 18G9 he was united in marriage with Miss Julia Christian, of Kil- larney, Ireland, and to this union have been born eleven children, of whom ten are still living — Florence M., Julia C, Stephen F., Edmund D., Ethel J., Kathleen G., Bessie ^I., Lucy A., Hastings J., and John K. A. Mr. Grant is one of the prosperous, successful and highly respected citizens of the City of London. Ja:.[es Grant. James Grant, J.P., President of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Clerk and Treasurer of the Township of Lomlon, and Assist- ant Manager of the Keya' Standard Loan Company, was born in the City (then village) of London, Canada, February 21, 1841. His father, •lames Grant, who was born in Strathspey, Inverness, Scotland, and came to Canada about the year l8ott, was a carpenter by trade, and, at the time of the rebellion, with his brother Charles and others, ran a 838 HISTORY OF THE grist mill nearly where Carling's brewery now stands. He died in the year 1H5G. His mother, whose niiiideii name was Mary Forlnis, was also born in Scotland, and by her marriage to Mr. Grant became the mother of eleven children, five of whom are still living. She is still alive, and hale and hearty at the age of eighty-two. The subject of this sketch remained in the city until he was thirteen or fourteen years old, when he, with his parents, removed to the Townshij) of London and engaged in agricultnral pursuits and teaching school, which latter occupation he followed for nearly thirteen years in one house, In 187.> he was appointed Township Clerk, and in 18(S7 Treasurer of the Township of London, both of which offices he now holds. For nine of the years since 1873 he was one of the County Auditors of the County of Middlesex, and is now one of the auditors of the Kast Middlesex Agricultural Association and of the City Mutual Fire Insurance Company. In 1S81 he was Census Commissioner for the East Hiding of the County, and in 1 885 was Keturning Officer in the election held in the whole County under the Canada Temperance Act of 1878. In 1882, at the solicitation of his numerous friends, he stood the Conservative convention for the selection of a candidate to contest the representation of the East Riding of the Cotmty in the Local Legislature, but was defeated by Thomas Koutlcdge, Esq. He was married in 1872 to ^liss Samantha Prison, who hiis borne liim eight children — Margaret M., James E., Mary S., Caroline F., Annie I., Isabella C, Lilian H. and John D. Mr. Grant is a member of the Masonic Order, and is a man whose pleasant and agreeable manners make him a favorite with all who know him. William Grant. William Grant, who is one of the old settlers and influential citi- zens of Delaware County, was born in the County of Sus,sex, England, November 1, 1809, and is the son of William and Ann(Follettj Grant, of England. At the age of twelve years William Grant was bound out as an apprentice to a boot and shoemaker, with whom he remained six years, after which he worked as a journeyman. March 30, 1(S32, he sailed for New York, and on reaching that city he established him- self in the shoe business, which he continued until 1S,':)5, when he removed to Canada and established himself in business, which he con- tinued for twenty years. Mr. Grant is probably the oldest living settler of Delaware, having resided here continuou.sly for fifty-three years. He is fund of reading, and probably no citizen is better posted on the leading topics of the day than he. He went out as a volunteer in the Kebellion of 1837-8. He is a member of the Church of Eng- land, and is Consei'vative in his jiolitics. He comes of a long-lived, sturdy race of ancestry, and in all probability has a long Iea,se of life before him yet. At the time of his settlement here, London was a COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 839 small village with but one brick building, the Bank of Upper Canada. London was at that time known as ' The Forks," and Tonnito as " Little York." Mr. Grant relates many anecdotes of pioneer life, and once, in 1843, he had a very narrow escape from wolves. Thomas D. Gray. T. D. Gray, agent of the Shedden Co. (limited), cartage agents for the Grand Trunk IJailroad. Few, except those directly interested, are aware of the importance of the above comjiany, or its close identifica- tion with the business interests of the city, or the number of men to whom it gives employment. Its history antedates the completion of the railroad to London, and it came into prominent public recognition in connection with the establishment of tlie depots. Thomas D. Gray, who has long been connected with the company, was born in Scotland on the iSth of August, 183.S, and spent his early life on a farm, after- wards learning the miller's trade. In 1860 he came to Canada, and two years later accepted a position with the Shedden Co. in Toronto, but in 1876 was transferred to London, and has discharged the duties of his position ably and well. Much of the popularity of the company, as well as their success, has been owing to his good busiue.ss qualifica- tions and his courteous and accommodating treatment of those with whom he has business intercourse. He was married to ^liss Sarah Flaherty, a native of Toronto, April 27, 1865, by whom he has a family of three sons — Thomas, William and Henry. He is a member of the L 0. 0. F., the Masonic fraternity, the A. O. U. W., and is also Chief of the Scottish Clans, ^^'hile in Toronto, he held the position of treas- urer of the L 0. O. F., and was the recipient of a handsome silver ser- vice in recognition of his fiiithfulness and interest in the order, and when leaving was presented with a valuable clock and vases, and a very complimentary address. While in Toronto, Mr. Gray was inter- ested in military matters, and was a memlnjr of Company No. 10, Queen's Own Battalion, and during the Fenian Kaid was transferred to the Grand Trunk liegiment. Newenham p. Geaydon. X. p. Graydon, hamster, was born in the City of London, Canada, in the montii of January, 1860. His father, Simpson H. Graydon, is a native of County Dublin, Ireland, and was there reared and educated, being a graduate of the Dublin University, Trinity College. In 1840 lie came with a party of sporting men to Canada on a hunting e.xpedi- tion, and went from here to Australia during the gold excitement, wliere they remained three years. .Mr. Graydon then canu) back and located in London, where he became a disciple of Blackstone, being 840 HISTORY OF THE admitted to tlio Bur at quite an early day, and practiced his profession until his death in IHKi. He was for many years one of the Aldermen of TiOndon, and fur two years was Mayor of the city. He was also School Trustee for a number of years, and was one of the prominent men of Middlesex County. He was a member of the Church of England, and to his mariiage, ten children were born, nine of whom are living. His son. N. P. Graydou, was educated in the schools of Loudon, and, when quite young, began the study of law under the directions of the late Warren liock, a leading criminal lawyer, and in 1881 was called to the Bar. He immediately formed a partnership with his father, which continued until the lalter's death. Since that time he has practiced alone, and has built up a large and lucrative jiractice. He was elected Alderman of the 5th Ward in 188.S, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Masonic fraternity. The members of his father's family now living are as follows: — AcquillaO. (a civil engineer), Mary (wife of H. T. Ford), Mina, Stlina (who resides in California), Newen- ham P., Pierce, Graydon W. and Simpson. The Green Family. One of the oldest and most respectable families of the City of Lon- don is that of Edward Wilkins Green, late of "Pine Grove" Farm, London Township. Mr. Green, on the paternal side of the house, was of Quaker descent, his father, John Green, being one of an old and respectable family of Greens, who filled honorable positions among the Society of Friends in Hillsboro', County Down, Ireland. On the maternal side, the Wilkinses were an equally estimable family, but his mother, dying when young, he was reared by a Quaker uncle and aunt, who were childless, and whom he ever remembered with the greattst pride and atlectiou. Inspired by a wish to see something more of the world, he came to this country when a young man, and about the year 1818 found himself in the County of Middlesex. For a short time he accompanied the surveyors who were making the first survey of the Township of London, and was thus able to secure land in a most desir- able and central location Here he lived a bachelor's life until a house had been built and suiHcient land cleared to give an appearance of home, to which he then brought his bride. Being possessed of great natural taste, cultured by early training, his aim was always to improve and beautify the home ; and before many years, the first log structure, which only is possible in an entirely new country, gave place to a si>acious frame dwelling, in which all the later members of the family were born, and which still stands in good preservation, a monument to early industrial and laudable ambition. Fine orchards and gardens were planted in due time, and a grove of ornamental trees, in which the pine predominated, was nuide to encircle a spacious lawn, which dotted with beds of flowers, made the place so unusually attractive in COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 841 that section of country at that period, as to cause many a passerby to pause to admire the beauty of the grounds. By a judicious system of grafting, the finest varieties of fruit were obtained, which commanded the highest market price, and secured many a prize at the ("ounty Fairs. The quality of the farm, too, was well sustained, no effort being spai'ed to make the crops the finest, and always with an eye to beauty as well as utility, its boundaries were defined by a row of orna- mental trees. In short, by good taste, by care and industry, and by courageously triumphing over many an adverse circumstance and the difliculties that attend agriculture in an entirely new country, Mr. Green proved himself to be one of the best farmers of his time. Although always taking an interest in the development of his township and county, and passing through some troublous times in the eiirly history of the country, Mr. Green never took a prominent part in politics, his early training, which imbued him with the prin- ciples of the Society of Friends, making him a lover of peace and the quietude of home. Conversation with a gentleman who, as a school teacher, spent some time under his roof, elicited this testimony: that he always cherished the greatest admiration and respect for Mr. Green's character, his sturdy adherence to the duties of family prayer, never allowing even the severe pressure of harvest labor to interfere with the morning and evening custom, which had no little influence on the after liearing of his own life. Mr. Green's father some time afterwards followed him to tliis country, and took up land not far from his son; but was not long spared to enjoy his new home, and has long since passed to his reward. Mr. Green married into a family that has since become well known in this western peninsula, lie married Miss Mary Coyne, eldest daughter of Henry Coyne, Esq., of Dunwich, Ont, originally from Belfast, Ireland, and a man who, by the gentleness and sweetness of his disposition, won the respect and esteem of all who knew him. Mrs. Green proved a worthy daughter of a noble sire. On removal to her new home she connected herself with the Methodist people. Mr. Green soon followed her example, and their house had ever an open door for the itinerant preacher. Days would .sometimes lengthen into weeks and the weeks into months, or even the full allotted period of itinerancy would pass beneiitli their welcome roof, but Mr. and Mrs. Green always found they left a blessing in their path. Tiiis was the age, too, when the country scliool teacher " boarded round." What wonder if to this comfortable home they, too, came the soonest and stayed the longest. In that early period of the country, educational advantages were few. Mr. and Mrs. Green, therefore, endeavored to supplement the district school by home intercourse witli any who could bring to them the good gifts they coveted for their cliildren, and by thus throwing open their doors to the belter educated class, there were secured to the earlier members of the family many advantages which would have been otherwise impossible. Mr. Green also fur- 842 HISTOliY OF THE iiished liis fiiraily well witli liteniture, liavitig almost a mania for buy- ing books, which were often passed on to some one else as soon as read. Mr. Green continued to reside at Pine Grove until his death, wliich took ]ilace on the murning of the 2nd of January, 1868, and his liody was laid to rest in the okl burying- ground of the neighborhood near the farm, Mrs. Green was a womaji of the most deeply-marked ]»iety, wlin.se beautiful Christian character developed and grew as the years rolled by. Her fine mind was well stored and blessed with rather unusual con- ver.sational ]iowers, and she was one whom it was always a pleasure and profit to meet. Until the day of her death she was a faithful student of the press, always reading the daily pa]ier, turning first to the foreign news, and was a staunch admirer of Mr. Gladstone, and watched eagerly the trend of discussion on Home Rule for her ever- loved country. A few years before her death she was lured from the old homestead, and took up her residence in London South. On the evening of the ■'>th of February, 18Sl>, she took tea in the dining room in her usual health ; but on the morning of the 9th, before the sun had gilded the horizon, she had learned to breathe an immortal air. With eight of her grandsons acting as pall-bearers, she was laid to rest in Mount Pleasant Cemetery. Mr. Green's body was afterwards raised and interred there also, and there they lie side by side awaiting the KesuiTection Morn. " Truly, they rest from their labors and their works do follow them." Air. and Mrs. Green had a large fiunily of children, and nearly all have survived their parents. The daughters, mo.st of whonj have large families, are following in the footsteps of their mother, by filling honorable and useful positions iu the Church, and endeavoring to bring up their children in obedience to the principles that governed their father's household. Tlioraas Green, eldest son of the above, builder and contractor, has loiig been one of the well-known citizens of London. Some of the leading edifices of the city were built by him. Notably St. Peter's Cathetlral, Masonic Temple, and others. By business ability, coupled with a strict integrity and uprightness, Mr. Green has won for himself an honorable name. He has never aspired to municipal honors, but in countless ways has borne his part in furthering the interests of the city, and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him. The firm of Thomas P. Green & Co., builders and contractors, was estab- lished over thirty years ago, and was first located on Kidout street. They now occupy premises 440 feet front by 150 feet deep. Additions have been made to the original buildings from time to time until 1H81, when fire destroyed everything, and Mr. Green sustained heavy loss. He began building again ; and now, when running in full capacity, employs forty to fifty men. In connection with the above, he is en- gageil in building and contracting largely in London and vicinity. His wife wjis formerly Miss Emma Sarah Cooper, a native of the Isle of Wight, who has borne him four sons and three daughters. COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX, 843 Henry Coyne Green, second son of Eilward Wilkins GrccTi, was long a resident of this city engaged in the lumber trade, a man of upright and honorable character, who took considerable interest in civic life, and, with his brothers, was a warm sujiporter of the Metho- dist Church. As one of the Trustees of thn Young Men's Christian Association, he used every effort to furtlierthe interests of that institu- tion. He i-ecently removed with his family to the Western States. John Green, wholesale dry goods merchant, third son of Edward ^^'ilkins GrecMi, has spent most of his life in this city, entering when a young man the store of his uncle, James Coyne, Esq., first as clerk, then ])artner, and finally succeeding to the business, in 1871 he went into the wholesale trade, on the corner of Carling and liidout streets. In this business Mr. Green has achieved a well-merited reputation as an honorable merchant, and has secured, what is the result of a life- time of upright and useful citizeiuship — a good name. As a business man and a citizen, he Ims contributed a full share towards sustaining the reputation whicii London now enjoys as a business centre, and is always to be found on the side of morality and right. He has a large family of children, most of whom are still under age. James W. Green. James W, Green, editor of the Gazette at Parkhill, was born in Waterloo County, Canada, in 184".*, and is a son of Wheeler and Lucy (Shupe) Green, early settlers of that county. Wheeler Green was born in Milton, Canada, and was a loyal soldier in the Kebellion of LS37. His mother was born in Waterloo County, and is a descendant of one of its pioneer families. In 1864 our subject began life by learning the printer's trade in the office of the Gait Reporter. From 1869 to 1880 he worked at his trade in and about Chiciigo, III., but previous to that time owned and edited the Lake County Tidings, at Waukegan, 111. In 1880 he returned to Canada, and assumed the editorship of the Enterprise, at Gorrie, in Huron County. In 1885 he sold the paj)er, and, coming to Parkhill, was for some time the manager of the Gazette, of which jjaper he became the sole proprietor in 18S7. In November of that year he lost his office, together with his type and presses, by a destructive fire ; but he immediately re- established the jiaper, losing the publication of but three issues. The same fire swept away all his household eUects, himself and wife barely escajung with their lives Mr. Green is now a prosperous citizen, and his ])aper has a wide circulation and an excellent reputation in North ^liddlesex. John H. Griffiths. John H. Griffiths, artist, of London, Ont, is the son of William and Charlotta (Howard) Griffiths. He is from an old English family of 844 HISTOKY OF THE Newcastle, Staffordshire, Eii<,'land, the records showing that this has been a prominent family for 600 years. William Griffiths was born in Newcastle, England, and was a potter by trade. He was connected with the celebrated Mintons, was manager for them for thirty-three years, and was intimately associated with their snccess. He had charge of the bank acconnt and enjoyed their confidence fully. A remarkable circumstance happened to him in this connection. Tiie bank account of the Mintons was kept in two banks, and Mr. Griffiths, by custom, visited one, and his clerk the other. On one Saturday when he went to the bank, usually visited by the clerk, who was sick, to draw a large sum of money to pay the hands, the Mintons employ- ing about 0,000 hands, he narrowly escaped being murdered and robbed, for a few days afterward two notorious thieves were arrested for robbing a church and were sentenced to be transported for life. They confessed their crime, and also that they had lain in wait to rob and murder Mr. Griffiths, but were turned from their purpose by the circumstance of his havirg to go to the other bank usually visited by his clerk, Mr. Griffiths M'as a member of the Methodist Church and was a trustee in the same. He died at the age of seventy-three, and was a man who led an active and honorable life. He took an active interest in politics and was always a lieformer. By his marriage to Miss Howard were born these children — James, William, Thomas and John (twins), Hamlet, Arthur, Elizabeth, Lydia, Martha Ann, Sarah, Charlotta and Emma. These children were all reared in New- ca.stle, and all lived to be men and women. Thomas and Hamlet are still residents of Newcastle, and are men of property, Hamlet being a manufacturer of china. John H. Grilliths, subject of sketch, was born in Newcastle, Eng- land, in 1826, and received a good English education. He learned in early life the profession of an artist, and was a pupil of Itippingille, of the lioyal Academy of England. He also served an a])prenticeship at painting upon china. In 1845, Mr. Griffiths joined his brother, James Griffiths, in tli management of a jirivate lunatic asylum, called San- field House, Litchfield, England, This establishmjnt was one of the mo~t successful in England, and the business was conducted by the brothers for nine years. In 1854, Mr. Griffiths came to Canada, settled in London, and there engaged in speculating and loaning money. Mr. Griffiths was a heavy loser in 1856-7. Later he engaged in business with McClarys, extensive hardware merchants, and painted and jap- anned their ware for six years. He then conducted a wholesale plioto- graphic establishment, and dealt in artist supplies for twenty years in London. He then retired to his farm in liS75, which consists of 100 acres of fine land, pleasantly situated on the 1st Concession of W^est- minster. Mr. (iriffiths has always taken an active interest in all mat- ters pertaining to the real advancement of the country, and was one of the nine men who founded the Western Fair, being one of the directors, and also filling the offices of president and treasurer. He also suggested COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 845 the establishment of the School of Art in London, and was one of the founders and directors, and is also secretary-treasurer and ])rofessor of ])ainting of the same. Mr. Grilliths was the first to introduce into Canada photographing upon porcelain, for which he received a silver medal. Mr. Griffiths is an artist of high rank, and has taken many prizes. He was awarded two medals for china painting sent to the Colonial Exhibition in England in ISH(\. He also painted an afternoon set, wliich was graciously received by the Queen of England, as a jubilee gift. He received two gold medals in this country for specimens, and for the best collection of paintings. Mr. GriHiths has travelled in Ireland and Scotland, and has visited many of the art galleries in Europe. He is a man of general talents, and has a knowledge of almost all kinds of art work. He has been an exhibitor of paintings ever since coming to Canada, and is not only well known in Canacla, but in the States as well. He has a fine collection of paintings and decorated china, the product of his own skillful hand, and are of the highest artistic merit, and of rare value. His collection is one of the most valuable in Canada. His residence is filled with articles of in- trinsic worth from an artistic point of view. In 1867, Mr. Griffiths married Miss Ann Wonacott, daughter of John Wonacott. To this union were born seven children — -John, Eliza, Martha, llosa, Sarah, Ada and Louise. All the children are at home with the exception of Eliza, who is with an uncle. In politics, Mr. Griffiths is a Keformer. Samuel Grigg. Samuel Grigg, proprietor of the Grigg House, of London, Ontario, was born in liawdon, County of Montcalm, thirty-five miles from Montreal, February 16, 1847. His father, Isaac Grigg, was a native of Somersetshire, England, and immigrated to Canada in 1842, where he was married to Miss Jane Kite. When Samuel Grigg was about five years old, the family moved to Clinton, County of Huron, where the father engaged in b'acksmi thing, purchasing the plant and business of the late Wm. liattenbury, in which calling he was an exjiert. Here Sanmel received the greatest ])art of his rearing, and in 1859 com- menced his hotel experience in the employ of the late Thomas Lloyd, coming with him to London in iSfiO. Three years later he went to Seaforth, but soon after returned to London, and in 1867 engaged in business on his own responsibility, and at the present time is the oldest hotel man in the city. For about fifteen years he conducted a large livery stable. In 1879 his present hotel was completed, and was opened on the 2()th of September of that year, on the occasion of the reception of the Marquis of Lome and the Princess Louise. Previous to opening his hotel, Mr. Grigg visited England, Scotland, Ireland and France. In the management of his hotel he is the peer of any man in 68 846 HISTORY OF THE the Dominion, and in this he is ably assisted hy his Itrothiir, T. K. (fri<^<5. He is the owner of vahiablc farming,' lands, as well as timber lands, in the North-west, which is increasing,' in value daily, and as it was selected with great care afti-r jiersonal inspection, is considered a very fortunate sjieculation. Mr, (irigg's life thus far illustrates tlio possibilities of the country for men of ability, energy and enterprise, and, although scjircely in the jirime of life, he occupies an enviable ])Osition among the business men of London, and is in every respect a thoroughly self-made man. He is a lioyal Arch Ma.son, and is also a njeniber of the Knights of Pythias and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He has been married twice; first, to Miss Mary McQuarrie, of Brussels, who died May 7, I88(i, leaving four children — Charles E., Samuel h\, Clara M. and Grace B. His second wife was a Miss liussell, of Brantford. To this union was born one child — Lulu C. George M. Gunn (Deceased). George M. Gunn (deceased) was born in the Parish of Dornoch, Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in the year ISl'O, and pa.ssed his boyhood days on the east coast of that country. The fitther was a builder of that place, and carried on an extensive business until 18;)2, when he and family left their native land and immigrated to Upper Canada, settling in the neighborhood of Embro, in the County of Oxford. Three years later, George M. Gunn entered mercantile life in the ein- ])loy of William Mathieson, of Woodstock, remaining with him for some time, and in 1842 came to London and entered into partnership with his brother William, who was a general merchant at the west end of Dundas street. The brothers conducted a successful business for a number of years, and became widely known and highly respected for their upright conduct and fair dealing. A short time afterward William died, and the business was subsequently conducted by Messrs. Gunn & Gordon, the latter gentleman having been admitted to a partnership shortly after the death of William Gimn. Aft--"' remaining thus connected for many years the partnership was di.>- solved, and Mr. Gunn engaged in the insurance business, subset luently admitting his son as a partner, and did a successful business. He was kindly in his manner, of a charitable disposition, and his many admir- able traits of character endeared him to all with whom he had either social or business relations, while his many acts of charity to the i)oor and oppressed became proverbial. He took time to consider and study an applicant's wishes, and if he found him worthy, he could be counted a true friend. He was one of the few men who assisted in the forma- tion of the St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church congregation. He was a shareholder and Director in several Loan Societies. His personal contributions to deserving charities were large but unostentatious. He was in every sense of the word one of nature's noblemen. His death, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 847 which occurred on the 20th of March, l.SH.S, was deeply lamented by all who knew him. He left, besides his widow, three children — Wil- liain A., Harriet M. (Mrs. Smart), and George C. William A. Gunn was born in London, July 2('>, 1841), and was reared and educated here. He was associated with his father in business, and after the lalter's death succeeded him, but recently sold his property and be- came coimected with the McClary Manufacturin<,' Company. He was married in Octolxir, ISS'2, to Miss Theresa McUlary, a daughter of John McClary. George M. G us tin. George M. Gustin, proprietor of the " Star " livery stable at Stratli- roy, is a native of London Township, Middlesex County, Canada, born December 25, ISa.'i, and is the son of Charles and Margaret (Morden) Gustin, l)oth natives of Canada. The mother was born in l(S2(S, and died in 1, 1848, on the 2nd Concession, north of tlie Egremont Road, and her parents were pioneer settlers of Adelaide Township. To Mr. and Mrs. Heake were born four children — William Andrew, born Ajn'il 'M), IStlG ; Emily Amelia, born March 5, 18(18 ; Eliza Jane, born Nov. .S, 1870, and Mary Clara Malinda, born Nov. 14, 1874. Mr. Heake is ;. member of the Euclid Lodge, No. 3(J6, A. F, & A. M., at Strathroy, and in religious views the entire family arc Methodists. James Healey. James Healey, farmer and banker, is a native of Middlesex Comity ; born in Adelaide Town.ship, on the Second Concession north of the Egremont Road, February 14, 1838; son of James and Rosanna (Callahan) Healey, natives of Ii'eland. The father was born in 1702, and the mother in 1812. They immigrated to Canada in LS32, located in Adelaide Township, where they were among the first settlers. The father died in this township in 18(11, and the mother in 1888. Of the six children born to their marriage, -Fames Healey is the second. He attained his growth on the farm, and at that occupation he has con- tinued — in connection with stock raising — all his life. He was choseu as one of five, by the Dominion Government, to represent the sheep industry of Canada at the Philadelphia Centennial of 1876, and was successful in securing three medals and three diplomas. In 1877 he removed to his present jilace of residence, near Strathroy, and, in 1878, lie, in partnership with P^dward Rowland and John Shields, engaged in the banking business in Strathroy, under the firm name of E. Row- land & Co,, and this title still continues. In 1864 he wedded Miss Johanna Walsh, a native of Ontario, born 1842, and to them were born seven children — .lolm E,, Ella, Teresa, Albert F., Alice C, Joseph P. and Lizzie May. Mr. Healey is a Reformer in jiolitics, and a member of the Strathroy City Council for the past two years, and represents the U)v/n in the County Council at the present time. He has been a resident of Middlesex for more than half a century, and has always been considered one of the active, enterprising men of this part of the county. He and family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. 854 HISTORY OF THK John Heaman. Jol,n Heaman is a dealer in fresh and salted meats in London, Canada, and the sticcess which has attended his etl'orts is a good illus- tration of the possibilities of the conntry for a young man, whose only capital is his pluck and energy. John Heaman is now in the prune of life, and occupies a prominent position among the business men of London. He was born in Dalton, Devonshire. England, February I'D, 1848, and is a son of John and Maria (Pickard) Heaman, both of whom were born in Devonshire, England, the former a carriage builder by occxipation. The subject of this biograjjhy is the eldest of their five children, and was reared in his native county, and at the age of eighteen yccars began working at the butcher's trjide, and in 1871 came to London, where he has since made his home and has been engaged in his present business. At the last municipal election he was chosen to represent the First Ward in the City Council, and thus far has proven himself a faithful public .servant, and has ever had the welfare of his adopted city at heart. He is now enjoying the reward of an honest and u.sefid citizen — the confidence and respect of hi.s fellow-men. In 1(S71 he married Miss ]\Iary J. Cole, of Devonshire, England, by whom he has become the father of three children — John, Amy M. and Charlie. Mr. Heaman is a member of the Sons of England and of the Ancient Order of Foresters, and in religion is a member of the Metho- dist Church. George Heaman. George Heaman, carriage and waggon-builder, of London. The life of this gentleman is a good illustration of the height that can be attained on the ladder of success by a young man of detennination and energy, and he now occupies a prominent po.sition among the business men of London. He was born in Dalton, Devonshire, P2ngland, May 5, 1849, and is a son of John Heaman, who was a native also of Devonshire, and a waggon-maker by trade. He was married to Maria Pickard, and by her became the father of five children, George being the second of their family. The latter was reared in the town of his birth, and served a thorough apprenticeship at the waggon and carriage trade, becoming very jjroficient in all its details. He immigrated to Canada in 1871 and settled in London, but soon after went to Mem- phis, Tennessee, where he remained three years. He then returned to London and established his present business, and since 1873 has been closely identified with the interests of his adopted city. In municipal affairs he has been a prompt and active worker, and for four years served as councillor of London East, and was deputy-reeve for one year of Middlesex County. After that suburb became a part of the City of London, Mr. Heaman was chosen alderman of the 5th Ward, aj.so Johns saws he k Londo of h the cit Jnan-ie by he iiieinbt Societ\ are deji saiu'tar^ phimbe ill St. COUNTV OF MIDDLESKX. 855 and has since held that position, there being no more faithful guardian of its interests. From his first settlement here he has taken a deep interest in everything tending to the interests of London, and while firm in his convictions and of decided opinions, his course has been so liberal and sf) conservative that popularity has been almost unani- mously awarded him. He was married in 1874 to Miss Isabella Simp- son, a native of Scotland, by whom he has the following family: — George, Agnes M., Bella, and -lohn A. The latter is the eldest of the above family. He was educated in the liectory street school under the charge of Mr. Eckert, and passed an e.\amination for admission to the Collegiate Institute that e.xcolled the recoitl of any student in the Province of Ontario, obtaining 34".» per cent, out of 735. T. J. Heard. T. J. Heard, stonemason and marble worker was born in Devon- shire, England, December 10, 1853, and is the eldest of three sons and seven daughters born to the marriage of George Heard and Grace Johns. He leiirned the stonemason's trade under the supervision of his father, and in 1873 came to Canada and commenced working at his trade, which has received his attention up to the present time. In 1876, in connection with a partner, he launched in business for himself, and has done a large portion of the flagstone work of the city. In connection with his partner, John Matthewson, he took the contract for the Masonic Temple, and also does a large work for the county in bridge building. He handles the Euclin and Berne stone of Cleveland, and als(j works in marble and granite. He put up the monument of Alex. Johnson in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, and has lately put in a gang of saws in his establishment for sawing stone. In connection with this he keeps a wood yard, and sells all kinds of hard wood. He came to London without means, and the prosperity he now enjoys is the result of his own industry. He has built many of the finest buildings in the city, and his work is strictly first-class. In October, 1881, he was man-ied to May Isabel Matthewson, who was born in Woodstock, and by her has two children — Bertie M. and George F. Mr. Heard is a iiieinber of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. 0. O. F., also the St. George's Societv. William H. Heard. William H. Heard represents an establishment on which our homes are dependent for many comforts and conveniences, as well as for their sanitary arrangement, and is among the competent and reliable plumbers, steam and gas-fitters of the City of London. He was born in St. Thomas, Elgin County, Nov, 30, 1859, and until seventeen 856 IIISTOHY OF THE years of iijie resided on a Airm, then canio to London and embarked on Ilia bnsiness career in the employ of Essex, Murray & Jolitfe. After some time he entered into business on his own account, in com])any with .lames Greenway, and remained thus associated for about a year and a-half; then inirchased his partner's interest, and has since con- ducted the business alone under the present firm name of \V. H. Heard & Co. His business at first M'as very modest, but has grad\ially •{rown in size until it has assumed its present admirable proportions. They manufacture as well as deal in the various approved systems of heating ajjparatus, and also manufacture galvanized range boilers and stands, lead piping, electric house bells, pum))s of all kinds, beer engines, artistic gas fixtures, in fact many articles too numerous to mention which are needed for the comfort find adornment of homes. They have fitted up some of the leadiiig buildings and handsomest private residences of London, and their work has given the best of satis- faction. Mr. Heard has a natural aptitude for the business, and it only requires an inspection of his establishment to become convinced of the methodical and systematic manner in which the business is conducted, his stock of marble and hardwood mantels, with their necessary ac- companiments, being especially worthy of notice. The patronage the house enjoys is a fitting tribute to the standing of Mr. Heard as a business man and a citizen. In Nov. 1884, he was mamed to ^liss May P. Bristol, of Rochester, N. Y. He is Past blaster in Khig Solomon's Lodge, No. ;)7. In l.S'iT he came to Strathroy, where he has since resided, and has carried on tho carpenter's and builder's business for the mrtst of the time since. Ho is the olilest buililor in the place, and helped to erect the first church in the villai,»o of Adelaide, tho first church in the village of Delaware, the first I'rosbyterian church at St. Thomas, and tho first church in Stmthroy. Ho is a lleformer in politics, and in 1860 was ait]iointed assessor of Strathroy, and, with the exception of about four years, has held tho position ever since. He was married in 1.S41 to Miss Martha Humphries of Ami Arbor, Mich. Mrs. Hilton dietl in 18.S.5, leaving six children — Charlotte, Maria, Jane, Kachel, Hattio and James. Mr. Hilton is a member of the Swedenborgiau Church, nnd has been a resident of Canada for fifty-six years. He is higldy I'L'.spectod. GEORGE T. HISCOX. Among those who deservedly rank with the progi'essive and leailing citizens of London, Out, stands the name of the above-mentioned gentleman. His father, Thomas Hiscox, was born at Shopton Mallet, in Somersetshire, England, in 1811, on the farm known as Worthy Place, and remained there, engaged in agricultural j)ursuits, until twenty-two years of age. He then came to the United States, landing at New York, in company with a brother, now the Rev. llichard His- CO.X, of Southport, Columbia County, N. Y. From there he removed to St. Thomas, and soon after took an active part in tho Rebellion, early tendering two valuable horses to the Govermnent, into whose service he soon entered as dispatch-lxsarer, in company with the late Win, Meek. Upon the restoration of peace, he came to London and took a contract for carrying the mail, Later starting a livery stable. He subsequently established an hotel and stable at Paris, in connection witli his business in London ; and about this time he carried on an extensive passenger transportation and freighting business to Suspen- sion Bridge, over one hundred horses being used in the trade. In addition to his other interests, Mr. Hiscox became an extensive and successful dealer in horaes, his operations in this direction reaching over a large territory, and while thus occupied, he found time to pur- chase real estate here and there until he was the owner of considerable landed property, being the largest real estate owner in the city at the 860 HISTORY OF THE time of his deatli ; and a marked characteiistic was, he never sold any city property. He was a man of sound judL;iiient, in the exercise of whicii he rarely erred, of acknowledged ability as a business man, and devoted to his busniess, whicli he established upon a substantial liasis; and it is worthy of remark, that his livery interests, afterwards con- diicted by his son, were the oldest in the IJominion. Upon the; com- pletion of the railroad, lu; discontinued his Paris stable, and devoted himself to i'arming and his real estate business, in connection with his London stable, until IH(W. Januarj' 5, liS42, Mr. Hiscox was married to Miss Anna Knott, a native of Nottingham, England. Thomas Ili.s- cox died October 3, LSSo, leaving, besides his widow, who still survives, two children — George T. and Elizabeth Ann, now Mrs. T. U. llodgens. fJeorge T. Hiscox, who has fully sustained his father's well-known excellent business capacity, was born in London, .May 0, 1S49, and was here reared and educated, growing up to a thorough knowledge of the livery business, to which he succeeded in 1808. In his conduct of this industry, the same characteristics which had so marked his father's .successful career were developed and manifested to an unusual degree in the son, and, until 1887, he was numbered among the most pronii- nent and prosperous men of that calling in the city, at the same time caring for the large real estate interest inherited from his father. He has always taken an active interest in public ailairs, and, in 1S75 was elected Alderman, serving for seven years. During this time he served a» chairman of the principal committees, among which was the Hos])ital, Park and Special Committee, ;tnd, in 1878, ran the Hos- pital for 85,000 less than ever expended in any previous year. In 1884 he was made Chairman of the Attraction Committee of the Western Eair Association, and, in 1885, re-elected to the same ]iosi- tiou. He ju'oposed and carried to successful termination the first trotting exhibition by electric liglit, to the delight of thousands of .spectators, and large pecuniary profit to the Association. In 1S87 lie was elected one of the Connnissioners of Water- works by the largest vote ever recorded. He was returned to the same positioi in LSSiS, and wa, made Chairman of the IJoard, discharging the duties jjcrtain- ing to this position in an acc(;pcable manner, the past year being the most successful year, financially, in the history of the works. ^Ir. Hiscox is a man of recognized ])ublic spirit, earnest in all matters tending to the advancement of the community, and one ever ready to lend his influence towards the development of the resources of his city ; of broad and liberal views, he his positive in his • convictions, outsi)oken and fearless in expressing his o])inions, but careful and considerate of the feedings of others. In l!S84 he was appointed a Justice (jf the Peace, and he has steadfastly refused to accept alee for duties pertaining to this jtosition, believing it an honorary one, and should l)e i)erformed without money or without price. Mr. Hiscox is the father of " Livery lleform." A number of years ago, livery keepers were licensed under munici})al councils, which aHbrded them no pro- tection ' civil del iVr. His wln'cJi, M Jirotectio late M. c •jiinst an "itli the corporatio license. eron's oph ing the j.r: Jveejjei's be tection is liorses JioiK w-ith the CO to tliose w] ^^iiss .Sarah settler and Their thi'ee ^ii: Hiscox i''igland, Fo Hiscox has n "itei'ost, and attractive ho ^Vilham 1 paionts beino ^'■all. The I business. Af Campbellford, then immigi'at the cooper's bi Joine in Loudc folJowed his ch fhe London & J^'itli remarkab J^oiiiinion, and ^ the ability «ockin. He i,^ '^hurch. of wliic and he was mai 7*;i', 1848, and lias wori^ed all his hfe fit the cooper's trade, and is an excellent judgi; nt' timber suitable for their ])roduct. He was married to Miss Addle Ward, ci' London, by whom he has one child, (Gordon William. Charles C. Hodgins. The Hodgins family have been so closely connected with the growth and prosperity of Biddulph Townshi]), that it would be almost im- possible to write a history of tliis part of Middlesex County witlnmt mentioning their names. The first of the family to settle in Bi(Idul]ili Township was James, who with his wife Mary, immigrated from tliuir native land, Ireland, and in September, 18:>2, located at this jilacn. Their son John was at that time about 18 years of age, having been born in County Tipperary, Ireland. December 6, 1814. He was of great assistance to his father in the building of a home, and with him sullered all the hardships and privations incidentixl to pioneer life. After a short time John Hodgins entered laud on his own account, which has now been in his possession over fifty years. Upon the outbreak of tlie Eebellion in 1837, he enlisted as a volunteer in Her Majesty's service, advancing in office until he became a captain. On March 17, iStJO, his loy, he married Miss Eliza Dobliyn, a native of Canada, born in what is now the County of Elgin, and of Irish paretitage. Of the six children Ixjrn to this union, five are now living — William A., a successful practicing physician, residing at Sacramento, Cal. ; Francis (deceaseil;, who was an attorney ; J. Benson, at hume ; Cscar H., in California; Wintworth A.; and James A., who is now in Vermillion, Dakota. In liS(i2, Mr. Hugh.son locateil on a farm which he had ])reviously ])urchased in Delaware Township while traveling as an itinerant pastor in charge of the Circuit, making the jonrney from parish to parish on horseback. He has served as pas- toi' of tiie church in Delaware Township known as Harris's Church for some time, and is active in his ministerial duties. The family is widely known, and is highly respected. Mr. Hughson is Conservative in politics. 866 HISTOKY OF niK William Washington Hull. William Washington Hull, foreman for R. Nicholson, and son of William H. and Marinda (Sii)les) Hull, was born in tho Township of Norwich, County of Oxford, Ontario, January 4, 18o7. The father was born in New Jersey in 1S12, and died May 24, 1884. The niotlior was born in Canada, and died in Westminster when her son William W. was about six years of age. He is the fourth of five children born to his parents, three of whom are now living. He received a common school education, and worked with his father at the carpenter trade until twenty years of age, when he commenced business for himself as a cabinet-maker. This he continued on his own account for eight years, and then for the succeeding eight years he was foreman iii a cabinet shop. Since 1876 he has been in the employ of Kobert Nicholson. He came to Strathroy in 184(), has been a resident of that village for forty-two years, and is a highly resjiected citizen. His marriage to Miss Emeline Wells was solemnized in 1858, and they have one daughter, Mrs. Ida Lawson. Mr. Hull has ten acres of valu- able land in Strathroy and is in comfortable circumstances. He is Liberal in his political opinions, has held the office of City ('ouncillor, and he and ]\Irs. Hull are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, CHARLES Hunt (Deceased). In giving a history of the men of Middlesex County who have been prominently identified with her interests, it is essential that Jionorable mention should be made of Charles Hunt, who was for many years a well-known business man of London. He was bom in Dorsetshire, England, in 1820, and in his youth immigrated to Canada and settled in the County of Elgin, at St. Thomas, but after a short period moved to Windsor, where he became familiar with the details of mercantile life. During the construction of the Great Western Kailroad he became comiected with the same, having the contract for building the bridges and doing a portion of the grading. Impressed with the importance of London as a manufacturing and distribiitin<; centre, he, in 1854, erected the City Mills, and afterwards changed his residence to London, and became prominently identified with its interests. In connection with his mills he was also engaged in selling coal and wood, the latter business being the oldest established industry of the kind in the city. He was a man who at all times took a deep interest in every enterprise that was calculated to advance the prosperity of the city, and was one of the best known luen in Western Ontario ; and by his energy and enterprise did nmcli to stimulate a development of its resources. He served for some years as President of the Ontario Loan and Debenture Society, and was also Local Director of the Bank of British North America. He was one of the Presid tor in the attempt to nected, or i would be ii walk in lift able. , He acquaintanc was born in Charles 184!^ and a received got emj)Joyed. partners, and exception of J^orth-west. established b' fnanagement' "ig, and is no I" 1888 their and supplied capacity of 2i unsurpassed, a The Thompson '" I88(J, was r opeinte it. Charles Hi ^eace for the parents heimr I ^"ewcastle-upon "otice, was boi fiar School ^•^ft. and altho ttany associatio house, Jong ago t '^'Hiiiig, like ,n experience was ( f""; and he ther faster well kn, «tone for five vea '^'b' taken into ^ a««wiation contin consent. Mr H «''ganized in his in COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. 867 I snii of iwhip of e father 3 mother William ive.n born common tev trade I' himself , for eight man in a of Piobert ent of that izcn. His and they ■es of valu- !es. ll« is Councillor, t Episcopal pY who have [seutial that ,\io was for was born in |d to Canada after a short the details ■at Western contract for Impressed distributing , changed his ied with its ,ed in selling fhed industry times took a to advance known men did much to ,!• some years and was also :o was one ot the Presidents of the Gas Company for several years, being also a Direc- tor in the Detroit & Milwaukee and Great Western Railways. To attempt to enumerate the enterprises with which he was actively con- nected, or to speak at length of his many admirable traits of character, would be impossible in the space allotted to this sketch. In every walk in life his career was above criticism and his honor unimpeach- able. , He died in 1871, lamented by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. His wife, whose maiden name was Emma Brewer, was born in England. Charles B., the eldest son, was born in Windsor, November 26, 184!t, and after his father's death succeeded to the business, having received good training under his father, with whom he had been employed. After his brother John arrived at maturity they became partners, and the firm has since been known as Hunt Bros., with the exception of three years (1881-3), when the latter was absent in the North-west. It is worthy of note that the business so successfully established by the father has not deteriorated in the least under the management of his sons ; but, on the contrary, has been steadily gi'ow- ing, and is now considered one of the prosperous enterprises of the city. In 1S88 their mill was consumed by fire, but it was speedily rebuilt and supplied with the latest improved machinery, having now a capacity of 200 barrels per day, tlie quality of their product being unsurpassed, and commands a ready sale both at home and abroad. The Thompson & Houston electric light plant, which was established ia I88(j, was purchased the following year by the Hunt Bros., who now operate it. Charles Hutchinson. Charles Hutchinson, County Crown Attorney and Clerk of the Peace for the County of Middlesex, was born June 22, 1826, his parents being Dr. Francis Hutchinson and Frances Losh his wife, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, where their son, the subject of this notice, was born. Charles Hutchinson attended the Hoyal Gram- mar School in Newcastle, entering aboiew World, and about a year and a-half after landing in Canada ])ur- chashed 200 acres of land of Col. Talbot, to whom he had a letter of introduction from his brother. Major Jackson, of the First Royals, and as he had brought considerable money with him from his old home, he was enabled to hire his land cleared. In 1840 he wus married to Miss Frances Errington, a daughter of Rev. Ralph and Margaret D. (Watson) Erriiigton, and their union was blessed in the birth of four daughters — Frances D., Louisa J., Letitia and Mary E. Frances D. attended school in Newcastle, England, and was mar- ried there to Dr. George H. Hume, by whom she has five children — William E., Norman H., Frances E., Margaret D. and Phyllis M. Louisa J. also attended school at Newcastle, was marriijd to Charles Hemy Lloyd, and is residing in Ireland at Lisheeu (Jastle. She is the mother of seven children — Frances L., Henry M., Jane E., Cuthbert R., George H., Hamet E. and Robert T. Charles H. Lloyd, Esq., J. P., County Tipperary, Ireland, was one of the landed projirietors of Ireland summoned by the Royal Land Commissioners to attend before the House of Lords on the land question of Ireland. He did attend. Letitia was educated at home by her mother, and was mamed to Thomas H. Shore, of Westminster Township, by whom she has six children — Frances E. L., William H., ]Mary E., Charles J., Francis M. and Arthur F. The last daughter, Mary E. Jackson, married Francis Shore, also of Westminster Township, and their family consists of four children — Thomas F., Henry M., John A. M. and Alfred E. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson are the grandparents of twenty-two children, and are earnest and consistent members of the Church of England, in which he has been warden for many years, he being one of the founders of that 872 1II8T0KY OF TlIK Cliuvch iji tilt! tdwnshijt. Ih'. ]mn Wau n Dclcj^atfi to tlic Troviiinixl Synod, and also to tin; !)ioc'c'st' and the yearly Synod, and lias tilled the oflicu of ( 'aptaiii of the Militia for many years. He lias filled tlic! olVico of Ma<,'istrate .since alumt 1.S40, and has ever taken a deep inteivst in educational matters, and, in fact, has , Lot 21, of Lfnidon Townslii]), was born on the farm where he now lives, October J3, 1840, and is a son of William and Margaret (Web.s.ter) Jackson, both of whom were born in the " Emerald Isle." The paternal grandfather, Robert Jackson, immigrated with his family to Canada in 1818, and after a short residence in Westminster moved to London Township, and lronii.sinj,' youny villa},'e. The father was not as successful in his business venture there as he had expected to be, and he soon after moved to Loniloii, where ho engaged in the furniture mantifacturinj» business. A few years later he went to Victoria, liritiah Columbia, thence to California, wlit^re he died. .Joseph Jetlery, whose name heatls this sketch, was very carefully educat(!d in the ])rivate schools of his native town, and in his sixteenth year came to Canada, where he followed the fortunes of his father for a number of years, In 1H05 he opened an e.xchan<,'e otlice, dealin;,^ jtrincipally in American money, bonds, etc., but retired after a successful business of a few years. During the late Civil War in the United States he was yiven tho, position of U. S. Consular Agent, which position he held durinj,' .\braham Lincoln's administra- tion. In 1S7U he was olfered the jiosition of nianaj,'er of the Molsons Bank, which j)osition he accei)ted and filled for seventeen years, when his manifold iluties compelled him to retire. He is still, however, local director of the; bank. In October, IS70, he with some other leailin^' citizens, established the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company, of which he was nuvde ],iesident in 1878. He has held the office ever since, and has ably discharged his onerous duties. He was one of the organizers of the London Life Insurance Co. in 1N74, and also holds the position of i)residcnt in this organization. He has been very suc- cessful in his business ventures, and owing to his sound judgment on all public matters, has won the confidence and respect of all who know liim. Mr. Jetlery is a member of the Uaptist Church. Albert 0. Jeffery, LL.B., D.C.L Albert 0. Jefl'ery, LL.B., D.C.L., barrister, of London, (,'anada, and native of London Townshiji, was born on the oth of July, \H')1, being a son of Joseph and Augusta (Haley) Jefl'ery, natives respectively of Ipswich, Englcind, and St. Andrews, New Brunswick. A sketch of Joseph .lefiery, his father, ajipears above. Albert 0. Jeffery has lived in London since the year 1858, receiving his education in the Public Schools, supplemented by an attendance for some years at Hellmuth College. When in his seventeenth year he began the study of law ; was .idmitted as an Attorney-at-Law and Solicitor in August, 1S7S, and called to the Bar in November, 1878, and has since prac- ticed his profession with marked success in the city of London. He was a|)pointed Notary Public the same year he was admitted to the I'ar; in 1881 formed a partnership with Judge Macraahon, and, in 874 HISTORY OF THE 1885, formed a partnership with Harris, Ma<»ee & Co., which comiec- tiou lasted only a short time. He won the degree of LL.B. in the Toronto University in 1888, and obtained the degree of 13. C. L. from the University of Trinity College in 18S7, and D. C. L. in 1S.S.S. He was elected by .icclamation to the office of School Trustee in 1880, and was re-elected by a large majority in 1888, and was unanimou.sly elected Chairman of the Board of Education for 1889. He has taken several degrees in the Masonic fraternity, and occupied the chair in several of their bodies ; he also is a member of I. O. 0. F. He was married in 1883 to Mi.ss Edna, daughter of the late H. A. Baxter. He is a Director of the London Mechanics' Institute ; was Secretary of the Middlesex Law Association from its organization in 187y to 1885, and is now one of its Trustee Board, and its Treasurer ; and is Solicitor for the Empire Loan Company, and also for the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company. Jeffery Brothers. William and James JefFery, of the firm of Jeffery Bros., builders and contractors, of London, Out., are the sons of Joseph and Elizabeth (Clampitt) Jefi'ery, both of whom were born in Devonshire, England. Their family consisted of nine children, four of whom are living at the present time. The family came to Londrn, Canada, in 1850, and here the father died in 1807, still survived by his widow. William Jefi'ery was born in London, June 7, 1859, and James's birth occurred on the 23rd of June, 1862, They served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, and in 1886 commenced taking contracts on their own account, and are now doing a fairly profitable business. They are energetic and enterprising, and will without fail push their way to the front. They are members of the Foresters. William was married in 1885 to Miss Amelia H. Adams, a native of London ; but James is still single. his pre great Samuel Jenkins. Samuel Jenkins, Superintendent of the Ball Electric Light Com- pany of London, is a native of England, born 1854: ; son of James and and Grace (Slemen) Jenkins, who were also natives of England. They immigrated to Canada in 1856 and settled at Port Hope, where the family lived for nine years. They then removed to Lindsay. Samuel Jenkins was but two years of age when his parents immigrated to Canada. He was reared to manhood on the farm, and when he had attained a sufficient age he began serving an apprenticeship to the engineer's trade, and this business he has since followed. In 1883 he came to London, 00,(I(I0 annually, and is youngest bank manager in the City of London, being capable, honor- able and courteous. He was married in 1882 to Anna L. Gibbons, a daughter of William Gibbons, of Toronto, and a sister of (ieorge C. Gibbons, barrister of London. Mr. and Mrs. Kent have two cliildren — John V. and Edna L. Mr. Kent gives his strict attention to busi- ness, and has never sought publicity, although ho has many times been urged to offer his name for dillerent offices of a pubhc nature. Thomas F. Kings mill. Thomas F. Kingsmill, dealer in dry goods, carpets and ordered clothing, needs no introduction to the citizens of London, for he is recognized as a prominent business man of the city, and by his inclustry and fine business ability has succeeded in establishing a large trade, and ranks among the foremost merchants of the Dominion. His business career has been a series of triumphs over difficulties tliat would have discouraged a man of weaker nature, and his tireless energy, unyielding perseverance, together with a fine knowledge of the neces- sities of the public, have been the means of placing him in his present enviable position. He was born in Coimty Tipperary, Ireland, April 0, 1840, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Eraser) Kingsmill, who were both born in the " Emerald Isle." He served a thorough apprenticeship at the dry goods business in his youth, and in his many years' experience obtained that knowledge of commercial life for whicli he has become famous. In 1858 he immigrated to the United States, and after spending a short time in Savannah, Ga., came to Canada and settled in Toronto, where he entered the emjjloy of iMurray & Co. In 1865 he was sent by this firm to manage their business in Loudon, 1 '"1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 883 and subsequently engaged in business on bis own responsibility, beginning at first on a very small scale. He increased his stock from time to time, and now carries the most complete line of goods in the city, his caqiet and silk departments being the largest in Western Ontario, and would reflect credit on any large city. At times in the busy seasons the services of over 100 emjiloyes are required. Mr. Kingsmill visits the foreign markets twice a year, and is recognized as a shrewd and skillful buyer. His life has been one of ceaseless activity, and he has always aided in advancing the city's interests. His country seat, known as Belleview, comprises 200 acres of choice land, and is one of the most attractive places in this section. R. F. Lacey. 11. F. Lacey, manufacturer of boot and shoe uppers, of London, Canada. In the brief sketch which here appears, will be found some interesting facts connected with the history of Mr. Lacey, who through- out life has pursued the even tenor of his way, and has now au honored name among his many acquaintances. He was born in Eng- land on the 8th of January, 183G, and is a son of Septimus and Eliza- beth Lacey, who were also natives of England, the former a gardener by occupation. Their family consisted of six children, li. F. Lacey being their fourth child and second son. He was reared in his native county, and at an early age began serving an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade in Somersetshire, and became thoroughly skilled in all the details of the trade. In 1870 he came to Canada, and settled in London, and five years later established his present business of boot and shoe uppers, to which he has recently added leather and shoe findings, which has been steadily increasing, until he is now considered one of the prosperous citizens of the City of London. He served on the School Board of London West for three years, being chairman of the Board one year, and also served as councillor and deputy-reeve. lu January, 1888, he was elected to the office of reeve, and again in Jan- uary, 1889. He has shown his fraternal spirit by becoming a member of the following secret organizations: — Masons, Foresters, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Sons of England, and Boyal Arcanum. He has always labored faithfully in the discharge of his duties and for the welfare of his adopted city, and is now enjoying in a marked degree the confidence and respect of his fellow-men. In 18G0 he was mar- ried to Miss Elizabeth Mary Grapes, a native of the Isle of Wight, by whom he became the father of six children — Susie May, Frances Louisa, and Annie Alice, who are still living, ]\Ir. and Mrs. Lacey lost three children by the flood of 1883. (Full particulars of this melan- choly disaster are given elsewhere in this volume.) Those who were drowned are: — Frederick C, aged twenty- one years; Florence M., aged twelve years ; and Horatio J., aged nine years. 884 HISTORY OF THE Robert Larmour. Robert Larmour is Assistant Superintendent Grand Trunk Railroad, London. I'crmancnt success in any undertaiving is always roj^ulatcil by well-known causes, and no one can hope to secure a lasting rejuita- tion with a solid foundation of success without merit. That Mr. Lar- mour has made himself eminently successful in his chosen occujiation over thirty-two years' experience abinidantly testifies, and this is amply corroborated by those with whom he has long been associated. Mr. Larmour is a native of the County of Dundas, Canada, and was horn in the year 1841. He was the fifth child born to his pauMits ; was reared to farm life, and enjoyed the advantages of a good educa- tion. He began his business experience in the railway telegrapli service in liS57, and, after passing various grades of jiromotiou, lie was, in March, 18(10, appointed Assistant Superintendent, and for many years was stationed at Stratford. In 188(5 he was chaugiid to London, where he lui.s since remained. He is a man who is strictly attentive to business, even to the most trivial details ; has the respect of all with whom he has business, and has made a success of all liis enterprises. Mr. Larmour was man-ied in 18G7 to Miss Lizzie Gard- ham, of Brantford, Ont. They have a family of five children. During the Fenian raid, Mr. Larmour was connected with the Grand Trunk Brigade, and retired with the rank of Major. Frederick Thomas Lawson. ""'rederick Thomas Lawson, accountant of the Canadian Bank of Commerce at Strathroy, and whose birth occurred in Montrose, Scot- land, Aug. 24, 1856, is the son of James and Isabella (Rolph) Lawson, both natives of Scotland. The father was born in 1812, and the mother in 1828. The latter died in 1881. The family immigrated to Caimda, settled at Saraia, where they remained for some time, and then re- moved to Minnesota. Here they resided for a few years, and then re- turned to Sarnia, Canada, where Frederick T. Lawson received his edu- cation and where he began a business career at an early age, entering the employ of Michael Fleming, a banker and broker, with whom he remained until 1875. He then went to Toronto, and entered the em- ploy of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, but in August of the same year, came to Strathroy, where he has since been in the employ of the same bank. Since 1878 he has held the position of account- ant, and is well qualified in every respect for that position, is court- eous and obliging, and has the entire confidence of the people. His marriage to Miss Ida L. Hull occurred Aug. 29, 1877. She was born in Strathroy in 18G1, and is the daughter of W. W, Hull, one of the old settlers of the city. To Mr. and Mrs. Lawson were born two children — Gwendoline R, and Roxieline E. H. Mr. Lawson is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Reformer in his political views. COUNTY OF JUDDLKSKX. Hon. Elijah Leonard. 885 Among all classes of people there are some men who become lenders in whatever bii>iiiess they are enfjaged, and these men are almost invariably interested in enterprises tending to benefit the com- munity in which they reside. Such a man is Mr. Leonard, who was burn in Syracuse, N. Y., September 10, IS 14. His father, who also bore the name of Elijah, was a native of Massachusetts, and was of Welsh descent, his ancestors having come from Wales to America on account of r Mgious persecution. Tiiey settled in Taunton, Mass., in 16S7. The mother's maiden name was Polly Stone, and her union with Mr. Leonard resulted in the birth of seven children, four sons and three daughters. Elijah, the second son, resided in his native State until fifteen years of age and assisted his father in the foundry, the latter being an ironmonger by occupation, which business the family have been engaged in for 250 years. In 1830 the father was otlered inducements to go to U]ii)er Canada and take charge of Long Point Furnace, and removed there with his family. In early life, Elijah, our subject, learned the ironmonger's trade of his father, and at the age of nineteen years was given his liberty, and, in company with W. (J. Vanbrocklin, went into business, and they established the fiftii foundry in Upj)er Canada, at St. Thomas, in 1834, In 1H38 he came to London, and the business which he established was at first on a very small scale, but gradually grew until it has assumed its present proportions. In 1857 he was a candidate for Parliament for Loudon, but was successfully opposed by Hon. John Carliiig. He served as a member of the City Council, and in 1857 was elected Mayor of the city. In 1862 he became the candidate of the Reform party for the representation of the ]\Ialahide Division in the legislative Council, and was elected. He continued to represent this Division until 1867, when he was apjjointed a Senator under the British North American Act. He takes little i)art in party politics, hut his sympathies are with the lieforra ])arty, of which he is an influential member in the Senate. His business is left largely to the management of his sons. Their trade extends east and west, with agencies in Montreal, St. John. N. B., and (Chatham, Out. (Mention is made of these works in another part of this volume.) In 1847 he was married to Miss Emeline Woodman, of Buxton, in the State of Maine, by whom he has two sons and two daughters — Frank E., Charles W., Ella A. and May A., the wife of J. C. McCorkill, of Cowansville, Province of Quebec. George Lethbridge. George Lethbridge, retired, and an old settler of the region, was horn in Somersetshire, England, Aug. 29, 1829 ; son of William and 886 UISTOKY OF THE Mary (Criddlc) Lothbridge, who caino witli their fiimily to Ciuiaila in 1843. They settled in South wold, Kl^in (Jounty, eiii^iiged in ii;^vi(;ul- tural pursuits here, and here resided the remainder of their days. Georfje Lethbridj^e rtiniained at home until of a^'e, and, Sejitembcr .", liS54, he married Miss Sarah Slie))ard, a native of Canada, horn in the County of Oxford, near Inj^ersoll, and the dau<,'hter of Joseph and Salome (Corey) Shepard, who emigrated from Vermont to Oxfonl County ])rior to the Revolutionary War. In l.S.')G, Mr. and Mis. Lethbridge removed to Middlesex County, where he purchased 100 acres of land, which he afterwards increa.sed to 220 acres. Tiiey resided upon the farm until the spring of 1887, when they removed to the village of Gleneoe, and have re.sided there ever since. They are the parents of one child, John G., who is now farming on the homestead. Mr. Lethbridge is Liberal in his political views ; has served as a mem- ber of the School Board of Ekfrid ; and he and wife are res))ected nn-ni- bers of the Methodist Church, of which he is steward and trustee. In the early days of the Township, when the facilities for the accom- modation of the pioneer ministers were limited, they always found a ready welcome and safe harbor under the roof of Mr. and Mrs. Leth- bridge, and it soon became known among the ministers where to go. ]Mr. and Mrs. Lethbridge have always remained prominent in Methodist circles. ROBERT Lewis. Bobert Lewis, manufactiu'er of stained glass, and dealer in wall paper and hou.se decorations, was born in Quebec, April 4, 1827. His father, Alexander Lewis, was a native of Scotland, and was a meniher of the celeln'ated 71st Highland liegiment, a regiment that has become historic, and whose reputation is fragrant with many associations. The mother's maiden name was Catharine Eainbow, of Dublin. Thirteen children were born to them, and Jlobert is the second son and child. He was reared in Toronto, and after leaving school served an apprenticeship at the painting trade, and followed the same until 1H."j2, when he changed his residence to Simcoe, and in 185:i came to Lon- don, where he laid the foundation for his ])resent prosperous business, commencing at first on a small scale and increasing from time to time until it has assumed its present projiortious. (A complete history of his .stained glass manufacturing will be found in another i)art of this work.) In 1874, Mr. Lewis was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen, and served from that date until 1876. In 1878 he was elected Mayor, and re-elected in 1S79. He was oik; of the Water- works Commissioners wiien the works were built, and saw them completed. Mr. Lewis was married in March, 18,14, to IMiss Jane Noble, a nativ.j of Ireland. Mr. Lewis is a Scottish Kite Mason, and has held all the chairs in the Chapter, as well as all in the Blue Lodge; f he is also is a good il cliaract(ir a or to re vie' his moral ji til this ski criticism oi honesty, he the MetluH Fi-ank "\ Ch.arles Lilh with the bus following hi was born in James and ( place, and bt living at the and .settled ii in 1858. CI early life w( opeiator in h mercantile pi with the busi where he resi matters, and 1 Board, and the mayor of Lon of the City ( 1N'"')7, he was W(!st AVrattii father of thr Barnard; and is a man of dt sideration. F since eleven dej)artment. August, 1886, lie lias manage business mana A. :\r., St. Geo tory, 18th degi Since 1884 he maiTied Miss daughter of Da COUNTY OK MIUDLKSKX. 887 lie is also a inoinber of the Imlopeiidt'iit Order of Oddfellows. His life is a j^ood illustnitioii of wliiit cmi l)e accomplished by youiij:! men of clmriieter and determination, hut a detailed account of his enterprise, or to review even ])assin;:;ly his oflicial and puldic life, or to speak of liis moral and social traits, would be imj)ossiblt! in the space allotted to this sketch. In every walk of life his career has been above criticism or reproach. A man of unbending honor and incorruptible honesty, he has the respect of all who know him. He is a member of the Methodist Church, of which he is treasurer and steward. Frank Walder Lilley. Frank AValder Lilley, postmaster, of London East, is a son of Charles Lilley, who for many ytMirs has been prominently identified with the business interests of the eastern portion of the city, and in the following brief article will be found a sketch of his life : — (Jharles was born in London, England, December 26, LS3.S, his i)arents being James and Caroline (Walder) Lilley, who were also born in the same place, and became the jjarents of eight children, .seven of whom are living at the piesent time. In ISoii the family immigi'ated to Canada and settled in Caledonia, where the father engaged in farming, and died in 1858. Charles, his youngest son, was reared in Ontario, and in early life worked as a messenger boy, and afterwards as a telegraph operator in Hamilton. In LSoi he came to Loudon and engaged in mercantile pursuits, and up to the ja'esent time has been itlentified with the business interests of the city, es])ecially the eastern portion, where he resides. He has always been deeply interested in municipal matters, and has served as reeve, councillor, a member of the School Board, and the last year of the separate organization, held the position of mayor of London East, and after the amalgamation, became a uiernber of the City Council as alderman from the 5th Ward. January 1, 1857, lie was married to Miss Martha A. Rawlings, who was born in West Wratting, Cambridgeshire, England, and by her became the father of three children — Charles .1. I). ; Eliiiore F., wife of Frank Barnard ; and Frank W. In all matters of ])ublic interest Mr. Lilley is a man of decided opinions, but he gives every subject earnest con- sideration. Frank W., his son, was born in London, June 4, 1863, and since eleven years of age, has been connected with the post-otHce department. In 1877 he was apjiointed assistant postma.ster, and in August, 1886, was appointed })ostmaster, and the success with which he has managed the office is highly complimentary to his ability as a business manager. He is past-master of Corinthian Lodge, A. F. & A. M., St, George's R. A. Chapter, and Richard Cojur de Lion Precep- tory, 18th degree Scottish Rite, and a member of the Mystic Shrine. Since 1884 he has been connected with the I. 0. 0. F. In 1888 he married Miss Rose 0' Gorman, who was born in London, and is a daughter of Daniel O'Gorman. 888 HISTOKY OF THE John W. Lockyee. John W. Lockyer, butcher and meat dealer at London, Ont., is a fair example of the possibilities of this country for younji; men without means or influence, but with character and determination, industry and ability to succeed. Mr. Lockyer, now in the prime of life, occu- pies a favorable position among the business men of his occupation in London. He was born in Exeter, Devonshire, England, June 26, 184G, and his ftither, John Lockyer, was a native of the same place, and a cabinet-maker by trade. The mother was Elizabeth (llaldry) Lockyer ; was born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. John W. Lockyer was the second of five children born to his parents, and he remained in his mother's birthplace until twenty years of age, after which he served an {ip])renticeship at *^he butcher's business, which he has made his occu- pation in life since. In 1S6G he immigrated to America, landed in New York, and went from there westward, working in difl'ereut places in Montana, Arkansas, California and Oregon. After an experience of several years, which added to his already extensive experience in his chosen calling, he came to Canada in 187"). On July 12 of the same year, Mr. Lockyer was married to jMiss 1 fannah Swan, of Tirook Town- ship. They have a family of seven children — Lizzie, Annie, Evaline, Harriet, John, William and liertha. After coming to Canada, ^Ir. Lockyer farmed for two or three years, and then in 1873 he engaged in his present business, which he has since followed with a good de- gree of success. He came to this county without means, and what he has accumulated is the result of his own indu.stry, economy, honesty and fair dealing, and this is evinced by the patronage he has secured and the quantity of meat with which his market is sup])lied. ^Ir. Lockyer is a member of the L O. of Foresters and Royal Arcanum. HENE7 DAWSON LONG. Henry Dawson Long is manager of the London Soap Company. In a city like London, the different lines of manufacture are many and varied, and this is due not only to the enterprise and energy of the business men, but to its natural advantages. Among the enterprises that are at tlie present time contributing largely to the reputation of the city as a manufacturing centre, may be mentioned the London Soap Company, of which Mr. H. I). Long is the manager. He has been a resident of London since 1849, and was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, June 20, 1828, his father being William Long, and his mother Mary (Eagan) Long, both of whom were natives of the same place. He was reared in the county of his birth, and received fair educational advantages in his boyhood days, but being of an enterprising disj.osi- tion, he was not content to settle down in his native land, but deter- mined to seek his fortune in Americji; and accordingly, in 1849, came to Canada, career as clt of Edward ^ for ten year connected \\ mercial tra uected were conducted liiid the mai joint stock c business was some of the among whon Keid, Preside manufactory the product house enjoys salesman. way, Ireland, Jeremiah was born in when very yc his father am was reared at Lane, and rec( entered the (. served a regi finishing, cont amalgamated the two roads London, the ( seventeen yet duties of this ] employ of the Fire Brigade, \ He has also tal belonged to a the Trent exci tlio officers a: ployed on the ber of No. o C Prescott at the Old Fort Willi COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 889 } to Canada, settling in London, where he embarked on his mercantile career as clerk in a dry goods store, and afterwards entered the employ of Edward Adams & Co. He remained in the employ of this company for ten years, and then became a partner in the business, and remained connected with the house until 1(S3, and is t wlio are nativ Kiigland. Th I'lymouth, aiK Schools. Afte America, land: thence to New He located in David Glass, a formed a parti time, and then became Luscoi called to tlie 11 Luscombe was child living u; fraternity and the solicitors fo enviable reputa i'!'^^ COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 891 ten children born to the union of James Luney and Sophia Daw, Ho resided in CornwaU until twenty-two years of age, and learned the brick-mason's trade, which occupation was the chief calling of his father and grandfather, and in 1871, determined to seek his fortune in the New World, and accordingly immigi'ated to Canada, locating in London, and began working at his trade. Two years later he eml)arked in business on his own account, and took the contract for the Water- loo block, on Richmond, and also erected Knox church, the residence of deorge C. Gibbons, l!eid liros. building on Clarence, and did some ett'ective work on the Asylum for the Insane, and the Medical School building. He has had the contract awarded him for building the Pall Mall street Methodist church, and through his industry and good management, has aaiuired a comfortable competency. He is con- sidered a skillful workman, and has the confidence and esteem of all who know him. In 1868 he was married to Miss Mary Grace Par- sons, a native of Devonshire, England. She died on the :29th of December, 1S87. ^Ir. Luney has been a member of the Methodist Church for thirteen years. T. H. LUSCOMBE. T. H. Luscombe, of the firm of Luscombe & Glass, barristers and solicitors, of London, was born in Plymouth, Devonshire, England, in Lsns, and is a son of Henry A. and Elizabeth (Congdon) Luscombe, who are natives of Devonshire, and who are now residing in London, England. The father is an artist. T. H. Luscombe was reared in Plymouth, and received a good practical education in the Grammar Schools. After quite an extensive trip through England, he sailed for America, landing at Philadelphia, where he remained for a short time, thence to New York and several other cities, and then came to Canada. He located in London in 1875, and begaii the study of law with Hon. David Glass, and was admitted to the Bar in 1882. He soon after formed a partnership with Glass & Son, which continued for some time, and then practiced alone until November, 188G, when the firm became Luscombe & Glass, the junior member of the firm, who was called to the liar in 1886, being a sou of Sheritf William Glass. Mr. Luscombe was married to ^liss Henrietta Ellis, by whom ne has one child living named Mabel F. He is a member of the Masonic t'rat»rnity and the National Union. Messrs. Luscombe & Glass are the solicitors for several important institutions, and are acquiring au enviable reputation among the legal fraternity of the county, Eev. Thomas Macadam. The Rev. Thomas Macadam, pastor of St. Andrew's Church, Strath- roy, has only been a few years in Canada, but is already well known 892 HISTORY OF THE throughout the Presbyterian Church, of wliich he is a distinguished minister. He was born in the County of Aberdeen, Scotland, on Jnlv 9, LS43, and is the son of James and Margaret (Johnstonl Macadam, both deceased. Having early evinced a taste for study, he wa.s allbrded the best facilities for obtaining a thorough education. After a pre- liminary course at the famous Grammar School of Aberdeen, he entered Aberdeen University in 1860, winning by competitive ex- amination in cla.ssics a bur.sary of !?60 per annum, tenable for four years, and standing next in order of merit to Professor VV. Kobertson Smith, of Cambridge University, editor of the Encyclopiedia Uritaimica. He pursued the full course of four years in classics, mathematics, natural sciences, logic, English literature and mental philo,sophy, liav- iug as jrt'ofessor in the last of these departments Dr. Alexander Bain, .author of "The Senses and Intellect," "Emotions and Will," and other standard works used in many leading institutions of learning throughout the world. He secured a place on tlie honor list in Greek and Christian Evidences. In 1864, Mr. Macadam entered the Free Church Theological College in Aberdeen, where he studied Hebrew and cognate languages, along with theology, for another four years, gaining during this period the prize of 835 for an essay on " The Headship of Christ," and being chosen by his fellow-students to the highest offices in their gift, viz., the Presi- dency of the "Free Church Students' Association," and of the Mis- sionary Society. Ileceiving license to preach the Gospel, in 18(18, from the Free Church Presbytery of Aberdeen, he was immediately called to West Calder, but declined to accept the pastorate of that congregation, and pursued his studies for two years longer, while acting as assistant to Eev. W. ]\Iitchell, of Halbum, Aberdeen, and llcv. J. Munro, Eutherglen, Glasgow. In 1870 he accepted a call to Chrys- ton, near Glasgow, where he remained for ten years, during which, in 1874, a remarkable revival of religion took place in the congrega- tion. On Oct. ly, 1870, he married Miss Elizabeth Whyte, daughter of John Whyte, Esq., of New York City, and sister of Kev, Dr. Alexander Whyte, of Free St. George's, Edinburgh. Mrs. Macadam died on Aug. lil, 1888. Their family con,sisted of — Jllizabeth (born 9th October, 1871), Margaret (born 2nd June, 1873), and Alexander Whyte (born 22ud November, 1874, and died 18th February, 1S84). Mr. Macadam came to Canada in 1881, and having been elected Minister of St. Andrew's Church, Strathroy, he commenced his labors there on Miirch 1st, 1882, and was formally inducted to pastoral charge of the congregation by the Presbytery of London, on July 11th of that year. Mr. Macadam is recognized as a vigorous and independ- ent thinker, a ripe scholar, and an elegant writer, well-read in Englisji, French and German literature. Hitherto he has published little under his own name ; but has been an extensive contributor to the daily press by editorials on politics and educational subjects, and by reviews of English and German books. A small work of his on The Lord's i COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 893 Supper, entitled " Master's Memorial," has received the highest praise frdin literary and theological aiithorites, and in two years has readied the large circulation of 1,300 copies, besides being republished in Edinburgh. We understand he is at present engaged on a work on " The Atonement." Mr. Macadam has had the advantage of extensive foreign travel, and a large experience of public business. On the pass- ing of the Scotch Education Act, in 1872, he was elected a member of the School IJoard of the populous parish of Cadder, bordering on the City of Glasgow, and served two terms of three years each, taking a prominent share in the work of reorganizing the educational institu- tions of the pari.sh, at a cost of nearly S100,000. He was also an active member of the I'arochial and Sanitary Boards of that parish. In his political views Mr. Macadam is a Liberal. Colonel John Macbeth. Col. John Macbeth, Deputy Clerk of the Crown at London, Ont., and was born in 18.S6 in the settlement of Kildonan, on the lied River, in Manitoba. His parents, George and Catherine (Sutherland) Macbeth, were both born in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, at Kildonan. They were among the early Selkirk settlers of Manitoba, the grand- parents being first of the early settlers there. The grandfather was a British soldier, as were also some of the mother's people, three of her uncles being at the battle of New Orleans. George Macbeth, the father, was for some time in the Hudson Bay Company, and in 1838 came with his family to Canada, via the lakes in birch bark canoes, and located in the County of Lambton, where he died in 1852. He was quite an extensive real estate holder, owning 400 acres of land, and was serving his township in the capacity of Reeve at the thue of his death. He was a member of the Episcopal Church, his wife being a member of <^be Presbyterian Church. His death oc- curred in 1882. They wert le parents of eight children, five of whom are living at the present time — Alexander (residing at Port Talbot), Col. John, Kobert (residing in Pennsylvania), Isabella (widow of a Mr. White), and Kate (residing in the County of Elgin). Col. John Macbeth was a very small boy when he came with his parents to Lambton County. Up to the age of fourteen years he assisted his parents on the farm and attended school, and then entered the law iiftice of Henry C. K. Becher, Q. (J., of London, studying with him until 1859, when he was admitted to the Bar. He im- mediately engaged in practicing his profession, and, in 1860, was ap- pointed to his present office, which he has filled up to the present time. Ill 18-54 he joined the volunteers, and the year that the Prince of Wales made his visit to the Dominion of Canada, Mr. Macbeth acted as Captain of the Guard of Honor, and furnished the guard at the 66 894 HISTOHY OF THE Tecuinseh House during liis stay. In 18G5 lie entered a nilitary school, obtaining a first-class certificate, and attended the ca.nps at La Prairie and Thorold, under Colonel Wolseley, now Lord Wolsu- ley, and var:"U3 camps up to the year 1878, when he resi^iiud his position as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Battalion, retain- ing his rank. He was in the volunteer service nearly twenty-five years, and no man has served his country l)etter than Mr. ]\Iac. beth. The battalion was in a flourishing condition under his man- agement, and had a celebrated brass band, which was considered the best in Canada. In 18i)3 he was married to Miss Con.stance Webster, of Edinburgh, Scotland, and the following are the children born to their union: — Herbert (I., a barrister, of London ; Frank I., in Molsons Bank at Montreal ; Hugh, in the wholesale house of Birrell & Co. ; George and Charles, in college ; and Frances, Helen and Isabella, residing at home, Mr. Macbeth is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Past Master of Tuscan Lodge, o2nd degree in the Scottish Ilite. His eldest brother, George, now deceased, was Lieut.-Colonel of the 2.1th Battalion of Elgin, and represented that county in the old Parliament of Canada before Confederation, and was Alderman of the City of London at the time of his death, in 1870. Hugh McCallum, M.D. Hugh McCallum, M. D., was born in the County of Elgin in 18(1(1. His father, Alexander McCallum, was a native of Scotland, born April 22, 1810, and the mother, whose maiden name was Annie McAliiiii, was also of Scotch birth. They were married January 22, 1841, and to their union were born ten children, six of whom are now living — three sons and three daughters. The father immigrated to Canada in 1831, settled in the County of Elgin, where he remained for several years, and then went to Illinois., where he remained for about two years. In 1841 he returned to Canada, and was here engaged in agri- cultural pursuits for forty years. He resided on this farm previous to coming to London. Dr. Hugh McCallum passed his youth on a farm in Middle.sex County, and received his primary education in Westminster Township. He is a graduate of both the Western University of London and the Uni- versity of Toronto. In 1887 he was elected to the chair of physiology in the Western University. The year previous to this he began practicing in London. He married Miss Annie Nattrass, who was born in Bradford, and who is the daughter of Rev. Timothy Nattrass. The doctor is a member of the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Inde- pendent, Ancient and Canadian Order of Foresters, and surgeon of all three orders. He is one of the prominent and rising young physicians of the county. There i interests of P''''iy faniil' important \x Until rio, and tlic city's ])r( •■» sinalJ scale {"•ogress in tl limn her of j] individuals s t"wn of no manifested U leaders thorec stoves and ti Dominion, am Manufactory [ wacliinery, no IS now superini familiar witli it *'eve]o]7ment. w'lich failed to •VcCJary wa.s oJ county as early John McCJa John McCJary ^ "•as partiallv ref f^-Aim, and wr Jat State, Marc revolutionary fa 'nan, who came ( son took part in i «f Peter and lintl Ji'esident of the \ "'^n/y Adams, ca Jf ed States, a ^;a/ns WHS a farn goofi collegiate ed. ;« :5;\ after whi ^■"l >n .studvincr la *»';«» ^-pubil: '"e 8tamp Act. jafes, and was r„a J .of a clergyrna, ^ jncy Adams was «'«h President of COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 895 Lilly s at jiieil tain- :-fwe Mac- inau- stance lildven : I., in n-iiW & uibella, tevnity, . }lis le 'ir.th Aiaiuent City of in ISti"- )vn Av"! ! 841, and living— lanada in )r several kbout two Id in agri- I'evious to Middlesex Cownslnp. the Tni- Lysiology Ibe began iwbo was i^attvass. licians and I the Inde- Lon of all (physicians Mc Clary Family. There is no name more ftivorablj' known or one with wliich the interests of London are more closely connected than that of the Mc- Clary family, for the manufactory that bears their name is the most imjiortant industry among the many of the city, as well as Western Oiitai'io, and tiie career of this family is identified with every step of the city's progress. Their manufactory, which at first was starteil on a .small scale, lias grown so steadily that those wlio have witnessed the progress in their business, have failed to realize its importance. The number of men to whom it gives employment and the number of individuals sustained by this establishment would, of itself, make a town of no small proportions ; and the good judgment and energy manifested in the develo])ment of this industry has stanijjed the leaders thereof as men above the average. In the manufacture of stoves and tinware their name is a familiar word throughout the Dominion, and the quality of their product is unsurpassed. Their niamifactory is well supplied with all the latest and most apjiroved machinery, no expense being spared in this particular. The busine.ss is now superintended by John McClary, who, from boyhood, has been familiar with its details, and who has given his whole attention to its development. No history of Middlesex county would bo complete which failed to include a sketch of the McClary family, for the senior Mc( 'lary was one of the very earliest pioneers, having come to the county as early as 1817. John McClary, who was the father of Peter, William, Oliver and John McClaiy, was born in New Hampshire, March IS, 1784, and was yiartially reared in his native State. In 1804 he moved to Penn- sylvania, and was there married to Miss Sally Stark, who was born iu that State, March 17, 1786. and was a descendant of Gen. Stark, of Kevolutionary fame. John McClary's father was the son of a Scotch- man, who came to America long before the Revolutionary war, and the son took part in this war, his wife being Dolly Fletcher, a daughter of Peter and Ruth (Adams) Fletcher, the latter a niece of John Adams, President of the United States. About 1740 the latter's grandfather, Henry Adams, came with a family of eight sons from England to the United States, and settled in Massachusetts. The father of John Adams was a farmer of limited means, who managed to give John a good collegiate education, and he was graduated from Harvard College in 1755, after which he spent some time in teaching a Grammar School and in studying law, being admitted to the Bar. He soon turned his attention to public matters, and became noted for his opposition to the Stamp Act. He became the second President of the United States, and was married to Abigail Smith in 17G4. She was a daugh- ter of a clergyman of the neighboring town of Weymouth. John Quincy Adams was the eldest son of John Adams, and became the sixth President of the United States. He was born July 11, 1767, 896 HISTORY OF THE and died in Wasliinr;ton, February 23, 1848. He was graduated from Harvai'd College in 17HH, and in 17'.>1 was admitted to the liar. He married a Xliss Johnson on the 27tli of duly, 17'.I7, and by \m- became the father of one son — Charles Francis Adams. The latter died in ] 88() leaving two sons — Charles Francis and .losiah Quinoy. The former is prominently identified with the railroad interests iit the ])resent time, and is President of the Union Pacific Railroad. Jf)hii Me- Clary, who married Miss Sally Stark above mentioned, was a lumber manufacturer in Peinisylvania, and, in 1813, during the war })etweeii Great Britain and the United States, a large cargo of his lunilier was seized and burned, which loss so crippled him, financially, that about 1817 ho determined to come to Canada to see if he could better his fortunes. He settled in Westminister Town.ship, near Nilestown, and, in connection with farming, re-engaged in the lumber business, and here resided until his death, in 1848. He and wife became the parents of twelve children — Dorcas (born Oct. 16, ISOIJ, and died in February, 188!)), Daniel (born October 22, 1808, and died in infoncy), Dolly (born March 5, 1810), William (born January 16, 1812), Peter (born April 5, 1.S14), Oliver (born October ;!1, 1816), David (born March 24, 1820, and died at Mormon City on his way to I'alifornia), Sally (born March 7, 1822, and is now deceased), Maria (born January 4, 1824, also deceased), Lsaac (born June 26, 1826, living in Cali- fornia), John (born January 22, 1829), and Henry (born February 20, 18:51, and died August 8, 1832). William McClary, the eldest son, came with his parents to Canada and spent his early life on a farm. He prepared himself for the occujja- tion of teaching, and followed this calling for some time. In 184,"> he received a license as a Provincial Land Surveyor, and has followed this calling for many years. Peter, the second son, was born in Pennsylvania, April 5, 1814, and, after coming to Canada, was engaged in farming until 1878, when he retired from active life. In 1855 he was appointed Col- lector of Inland lievenue, and continued to fill this oHice until 1876, when he was superannuated and retired on a pension. He was married to Miss Clarissa Myrick, a daughter of Gardner and Elizabeth (Hall) Myrick, and eight children was the result of their union — William Henry (decea.sed), Charles, Sarah E. (wife of Jas. Gilmour), Nancy M. (wife of Geo. Donaldson, of Buffalo, New York), John, Clara L. (wife of Arthur W. Pritchard), and Katherine (wife of George Morehead). Mr. McClary has held the office of Justice of the Peace for over thirty years, and served for several years as either Councillor or Peeve of Westminster Township. Oliver McClary, the third son, was reared on the family homestead, and at an early age he commenced teacliini,' school, holding a Government certificate ; but, owing to impaired health, relinquished this calling, and commenced selling goods on the road, which occupation he followed five or six years. He then began manu- facturing tinware, and the result of his enterprise is fully stated above. In ] 8."4 he married Miss Martha Coombs, who was born in England. She died in 1 Loiii.sa (wife ( iuid George, wife, Mrs. Fai one son, Cliarl son living, wa; working at the excitement in one year returi work at his cIk brother dispose! present bnsinei Mr. McClary h.. daughter of P] (who married Bes,sie (wife of wife iAIi.ss Mary George O. M pany, is tJie cUi in London, and life M'ith the abo witli this establi; 'Tohn G. McC 'Dip. is the son of moved from I>enr f ^\'estminster T fved on the Sec London. He is 'fact of laud. and has given Jii.s active temperance contact. He is a I '''Jtow-nien, and h f^fs. ile was c took an active in irustee for a nuni 1°^ and receive. ''^'«s :\Iatilda Nov ton, and became r^'t", Lou and Wa 'l^- -t- Church, of w ^''"stee. and in his id t COUNTY OF MIUDLKSEX. 897 She (lied in 1871, leaviiiL; four children — Eliza (wife of John (Jnuld), Louisa (wife of John M. Moore), Arthur (wlio married Miss Whetter), and George. On February 'A, 1881, Mr. McClary nmrried his second wife, Mrs. Fanny Murphy, whose maiden name was Hyde. She has one son, Charles, by lier former husband. ■lohn McClary, the next son living, was born in Middlesex County, and 3})ent his early days working at the tinsmith's trade. During the early Instory of the gold excitement in California, he went to the Pacific slope ; but at the end of one year returned, and in connection with his brother Oliver began to work at his chosen calliTig, and attended to the manufacturing while his brother disposed of the wares; and this was the commencement of their {iR'sent business, which is the most important industry in London. Mr. McClary has been married twice, first to Miss Mary Ann Drake, a danghter of I'hineas Drake ; .she died, leaviiig two children — Theresa (who married W. A. Gunn, son of the late George M. Gunn) and Bessie (wife of William M. Gartshore). He selected for his second wife Miss Mary Pavey, a native of Devonshire, England. George 0. AlcClary, Treasurer of the McClary Mamifacturing Com- pany, is the eldest son of Oliver McClary. He was born and reared in London, and when sixteen years of age he commenced his busines.s life with the labove company, and for eleven years has been connected with this establishment, and in 1880 elected Treasurer of the same. Canada ccupa- !S4o he d this vauia, > \nitil ulCol- 1870, married (Hall) iVilliam ucy M. (wife nf ). Mv. r thirty eeve ol ared on Iteiichiii;-! I health, le road, In nianu- d above. sland. :;.. ^ John G. McClary. John G. McClary, another prominent farmer of Westminster Town- ship, is the son of Peter McClary and grandson of John McClary, who moved from Pennsylvania to Canada and settled on the 1st Con., Lot 2, of Westminster Township, among the earliest settlers. Peter McClary lived on the Second Concession for some time, and then moved to London. He is a prosperous farmer, and is the owner of a large tract of land. He is still living, is seventy-three years of age, and has given his sons each a good farm. He has always been an active temperance man, and is respected by all with whom he comes in contact. He is a man whose judgment is held in high esteem by his fellow-men, and held the jiosition of Reeve and Councilman for many years. He was collector of internal revenue for twenty-three years, took an active interest in the cause of education, and was School Trustee for a number of years. He is a member of the I'resbyterian Clnuch. His son John G. McClary was born on his father's farm in 1S4'J, and received a High School education in London. He married Miss Matilda Norton, danghter of Fi'ank and Catherine (Decker) Nor- ton, and became the father of these children — Kate, Charles, Fred, Peter, Lou and Walter. Mr. and Mrs. McClary are members of the Jl. E. Church, of which Mr. McClary is steward. He is also School Trustee, and in his political opinions is a lleformer. He is a man of 898 HISTOKY OF THE libcml viows on all iin]iortant subjects. He has a good ivcoid, is an enterprising' farmer and a yood business man. ARTHUR E. MCCLARY. Arthur E. McCIary, sou of Oliver ]\Ic(;lary, was born in Lcmdoii, June (1, 1.S63, and was reared and educated in his native city. On tlio 27th of November, 18.S4, he was married to Miss Ella Wlictter, a daughter of Francis Whetter, Esii-, and by her is the Aitlier of one child — Ella. Francis Whetter was born in Cornwall, England, in 1819; liis ]iareuts, Eichard and Jane (Thomas) Whetter, Iwing natives of Cornwall and Devonshire, England, respectively. Francis was reared in Cornwall on a farm and followed the occupation of a drover, becoming an excellent judge of stock. 1 n 1 855 he decided to inunigi ate to Canaila, and after reaching this country, located in London and began looking around for a business opening. Soon an opportunity ofl'ered for o])uning a meat market, and he availed himself of this o])en- ing, and for fourteen years was one of the prominent meat merchants of the city, his former experience in purchasing stock assisting him materially in this enterjffise. In 18.jti he ])urchased his ])resent farm of thirty-three acres, and since retiring from business has been engaged in raising thoroughbred and good graded cattle, and in this business has been very successful. In 1855 he was married to Miss Ellen Peter, a native of C'ornwall, She has ever been his confidante, adviser and counsellor, and has proven a helj)mate in every sense of the word. They have three children — Kate (Mrs. Dodd, of Toronto), Ella (wife of Arthur E. McClary), and Clara (at home). PETER McCANN. Peter McCann was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 182-, and two years later was brought to Canada by his parents, who located in London. He was educated in the old school building, which still stands on York street, near Westminster bridge. After attaining his majority, he took charge of the Western Hotel on llichniond street, with which he was connected until 18G2. In 1851-2 he shared in the speculation mania of the period, and invested largely in city lots, but this investment was unfortunate, for when the financial crisis of 1857 reached Canada, I\Ir. McCann and many others were taken into the maelstrom. A reference to the early history of Lon- don will show many of the various public duties performed by this old resident ; and it is said that wherever a friend was wanted, or an earnest effort required by the village to carry out some design of improvement, Mr. McCanu's name was mentioned and his services called into play. This willingness on his part to do a public or charittibh of him thai simunon tht who was dyi the Western results of tl ey(;rything h citizens and I has lived to j thou.sand inh dence.s, and settlers, becoi views with pr and the part 1 Mr. iMcCa by the Domin ried in 1844 t( Dignan, who Their union n Whateley), Ar of Edmund M R. Meredith, ^ died 21st Auai Hugh McC sliip, County of now living, bori ^'oll. The tath Townshij), in IJ- fir.st .settlers of from his native land, born 1812 Canada in 1,S21 McColl, attainet of his education tlie Normal Schc followed this avc «hip, and four I'*<65, to Miss .. 1*^39, daughter o iobu, The form wtter in ''^'^7 [;'oll cam, Stra J'sher Luxton, i JlcC'oIl oontinuec 1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 899 or charitable act was displayed by him at an early a<,'e, and it is told of liim that in 1830 he rode from St. Thomas to Nia>,'am Falls to summon the jn-iest of that parish to the bedside of a missionary father who was dying at St. Thomas, and .succeeded in his errand. In 186'J the Western Hotel property passed out of his hands, as one of the results of the panic of 18.")7. Indeed, it may be said iliat he lost evcirything he possessed, except the regard and respect of liis fellow- citizens and the perfect health which was an hereditary legacy. He has lived to see London grow from a small village to a city of several thou.sand inhabitants, with good business lilocks and handsome resi- dences, and the almost unbroken wilderness, with a few scattered settlers, become a country rich in fertile farms and fine homes ; and views with pride and satisfaction the prosperity of the city and county, and the part he has taken in the change. Mr. AlcC'ann, in the year 1875, was appointed Fishery Inspector by the Dominion Government, a position he still holds. He was mar- ried in 1844 to Miss Annie Dignan, a daughter of the late Bernard Dignan, who was one of the very early settlers of London Township. Their union resulted in the birth of Jane (who married Charles. C. Whateley), Amanda (now Mrs. John B. Givens), Thresa Clare (• , Ife of Edmund Meredith, Q. C), Bernard C. (who studied law under W. R. Meredith, Q. C), Henrietta, Beatrice, and Harry M. Mrs. McCann died 21st August, 1886. Hugh McColl. Hugh McColl, postmaster at Strathroy, was born in Ekfrid Town- ship, County of Middlesex, Out., and is the oldest of nine children, six uow living, born to the union of Duncan and Sarah (McTaggart) Mc- Coll. The father was born in Scotland, in 1800, and died in Ekfrid Townshij), in 1872. He was a farmer by occupation, and one of the first settlers of Ekfrid Township, 'in this county, having immigi-ated from his native land in 1831. The mother was also a native of Scot- land, born 1812, and died in Ekfrid Town.ship in 18G8. She came to Canada in 1829, and settled in Lobo Township. Their son, Hugh McColl, attained his growth on the farm, and received the rudiments of his education in the public schools of his, township, but finished at the Normal School at Toronto. In 1855 he began teaching school, and followed this avocation for thirteen years — nine years in Ekfrid Town- ship, and four years in Lobo. His marriage occurred October 17, LS63, to Miss Annie M. Harris, who was born at Lobo, October 5, 1839, daughter of John and Margaret (Cutler) Harris, old settlers of Lobo. The former died in 1872 at the age of fifty-six years, and the latter in ''^87, at the age of seventy-five years. In 18G8, Mr. Mc- Coll canii Strathroy and purchased the Strathroy Aije of William Fisher Luxton, now one of the prominent men of Winnipeg. Mr. McColl continued to publish the Age until the first of April, 1876, 900 l.'STOKY OF TliE but previous to this, on Novenil)er I, iHTo, he was appointoil post- muster iit Strathroy, which position he has lield coutiiiuuusly since. Mrs. McColl died .May 27, IHHl, leavinj,' one dauj^hter, Ma<;^ie s', who was born October 24, 1.S74. Mr. McColl is u member of Masniiic fraternity, Heaver Lod<>e, No, H^^, and is a cliartej;p) McCormick, were both natives of Donaghadee, (Jounty of Down, Ireland, and in 182'.t immi^'niteil to the Dominion of Canada, and selected fur their home Lot I'J, North York St., London. The father was a jjlastercr by trade, and after following this calling for some years turned his attention to mercantile j)ursuit.s. He was tlie first I'athmaster of the town. He w.-is prominent in Ma.sonic circles, being a lioyal Arch Maison and a Charter mendjer of St. John's, No. .■>, and filled the chair of First Principal. He died on the 20Lh day of July, LSiiO, leaving besides his widow, who still sur- vives, three sons and one daughter — William, a resident of London; Thomas, in New South Wales ; Andrew, and Atm, the widow of Gilbert Porte. Andrew, the third son and youngest child, was reared to man- hood in his native city, and his early career was spent in his father's store. He subsequently learned the shoemaker's trade and engaged in the shoe business in his own name, iind continued this calling until 1865, when, owing to impaired health, he abandoned this occupation, and embarked in tlie grocery and provision trade, and also engaged in buying and selling horses, and was thus engaged for several years, doing a large business in this line. His services for years were in frequent demand as a judge of horses at the leading fairs of the Dominion, but he steadfastly refused t;; act iii this capacity at liouii'. In all of his decisions he was accredited with impartiality, and gained many friends and no enemies. In municipal matters he has been prominent, having served as a coimcilman, alderman, and mayor. In 18(J4 he was induced to accept the nomination for councilman from the 4th Ward, and in 1866 lie was elected by acclamation alderman of the l.st Ward. In 187'"> lu' was elected m^yor, and during his administration the fire department of the city changed from a volunteer to a paid department, and steam engines took the place of hand engines. During his term of ofllco, the Huron & Bruce Railway received its subsidy from the city, and Mr. McCor- I'olni ( 'le^r^r V 's stiJl Jivmg ; ^'"■•^iiie.ss in Jj -^''■- iind Mrs wiioni are Jiv Cohort, Andrd 'r''^'«torG.,an( •■^'fied died in ^- C. Macd f,«"3', of land County of Ko\ f Alexander J 'lero of Ava, jl f f' was mai'rij J;':' William, 0" a farm i„ t ^'•«fton, near (■] °l«>nted a distill mmited by Siil ^'^''jt Infantry I P<^n'ie'>t CompanI Jwvmce, which f """..ind engaged COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 901 iiiick WHS one of tlio activu workers in the interests of the rriacl. In IS?;') the l*rovincial Fair was iieltl in London, and Mr. McCormiok received a vote of thanks for liis niiina^'enitnit and co-operation and its successful termination, the oflicers of the I'oard Iteiny Hon, David Cliristie, and Hon. (leori,'e Ih'own. The whole deht of the city was udjusted that year. In 1875 he was made ])resident of tin* Western Fair Association, and for fourteen years he has heen ])resident of the Ontario Mutiial Fire Insurance Co. It was while he was mayor that the land for the ]iresent jiark was secured. He was elected a memher of the Ho.spital Trust, and served as chairman of the Board, H(! is a Koyal Arch Mason, and has fdled the chair of First Vrinci)>al, and for the ]>ast thirty years has been a memher of the I. O. O. F., and has filled all the chaiis of this order. In the sjiace allotted in this volume, it would be imjjossible to irive a detailed account of his ]iublic and ])rivate career, or sjjcak at lenj^th of his many sterling, .social and business (|ualities. Suilici^ is to say, that in every walk in life his career has been above criticism or reiiroach. February 17, l.sr)7, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann E. elegy, who was born in ( hatham, Ontario, a daughter of the late John ( 'legg, who was one of the early ])ioneers of the city. His widow is still living and is one of the landmarks of the city, having been in business in London longer than any other of its jjre.sent residents. To Mr. and IMrs. McCormick have been Ijorn thirteen children, ten of whom are living — Letitia (wife of .lohn T. Stephenson), Charles J., Kohert, Andrew George, Henry K., Thomas H., Albert E , Alice A., Chester 0.,and Mary H. William J. F. died in March, 1882 ; Ernest Alfred died in June, 1884 ; and Andrew died in 1865. D. C. Macdonald. D. C. Macdonald, manager of the London Mutual Insurance Com- pany, of London, Ontario, was born in the Township of Seymour, I'ouiity of Northumberland, Canada, February 13, 1835, and is a sou of Alexander Macdonald (a nephew of Sir Archibald Campljell, the lierii of Ava, India), who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1809, ami was married in his native land to Miss Mary A. D. Cameron, of Fort William, Inverness, Scotland. He was a lieutenant in Her Majesty's 59th Regiment, and after coming to Canada in 1834, .settled on a farm in the County of Northumberland, and then removed to Grafton, near Cobourg, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, and also operated a distillery. When the Rebellion of 1837 broke out, he was ajipointed by Sir George Arthur to act as adjutant of the First Frontier Light Infantry, and afterwards had command of the Whitby Inde- pendent Company. Later, he commanded the colored troops of the Province, which were disbanded in May, 1850. He then came to Lon- don, and engaged in the real estivte and insurance business, and in 1859 902 HISTORY or THE oraanized the London IMutual Insurance, and acted as manager aiid cc^manager until his d.ath. in 1879 He left two sons-A. . . B. Macdonald and D. C, our subject. The ktter received liberal educa- tional advantages, attending school at Niagara and Port Robinson After «tudvin" law for some time he passed as a solicitor in 1S()1, but aave his attention to insurance, and succeeded his father as manager Sf the London Mutual, and no individual in London is more famihar with the calling, or manifests a more natural aptitude for underwriting than he He has figured prominently in municipal atlairs, and for six years served as a member of the City Council. In l«7a he was appointed by the Council to the position of Mayor, and was elected by vote to the same position in 1876. He was married in 1862 o Miss Alicia Thomson, who was born in the Township of Adelaide, ( ^ounty of Middlesex, and by her has one surviving son. Mr Macdonald is a Mason, ani is Past Master of King Solomon Lodge, No. 678. RemoYed Ws Office to Union Block, 185 Dundas St, D-U-ER &URITS GUN STORE, VITALIZED AIR USED FOR THE PALUESS EXTRACTION OF TEETH, 87 JERRY McDonald. Jerry McDonald, proprietor of the West End Hotel au'JRestam^^^ S7 8') Dundas st London, is a native of the County, born leb. ,., lSo( , Sl^^dof those Wisite. such as V^^.^^^^;/^ are so necessary to success in any business. He is the tliiid ot^u c Sdren and was reared and educated in London, and since IS < < been en-aaed in the hotel and restaurant business, having first bu nml koi t an hotel in London West known as the " River bide, w uch he s IW ins In 1884 he opened liis present establishmeivt on Dumas twidX under his able nfanagement, has become oiie « the P resorts of the city. Ho is thoroughly conversant with all tht d t.ms oftheburess.Ind his spacious dining-room is capable of seatuy a r large numb j^roportiona billiard tab) wines, liquc oyster housi aud his Iuik is well kiio matters is e Thomas in the City ( Patrick H. mari'ied in England in 1 died in 183( came to Cans near Quebec, to Ontario, Ic Rebellion of enlisted and peace was d( only a small ships and exj lie was comp( London. He ten children t America, but distinguished rose to proinii McDonough. business educi Bayly and Th 1848, when occupation he successful in him from taki positions requ was engaged i afterwards he i member of th staunch Coiise political cainpa attends the Ch lie is very popi COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 903 lai'fje number of guests, while the other rooms of tlie establishment are proportionately commodious and well kept. He has several pool and billiard tables, and his well-appointed bar is well stocked with choice wines, liquors and ales. His establishment is a popular resort as an oyster house and restaurant for the ladies and gentlemen of the city, and his luncheon department is patronized by many. ISlr. McDonald is well known and popular throughout the city, and on all sporting matters is an excellent authority and judge. THu'as Mcdonough. Thomas McDonough, retired wholesale and retail grocer, was born in the City of Limerick, Ireland, December 12, liS2-l:, and is a son of Patrick H. and Margaret McDonough, who were born, roared and married in Ireland, the latter event taking pilace in the (.'hurch of England in 1818. Patrick was the only son of John McDonough (who died in 1836, at the age of ninety-throe years and six montlis), and came to Canada with his family in IH'M, settling on a largo tiact of land near Quebec, where he remainet. for some years and afterwards moved to Ontario, locating on a farm in London Townshij). Soon after the Kebellion of 1837 broke out, and at the first call for volunteers, he enlisted and led a company to the front, where he remained until peace was declared. He then returned to London, which was then only a small village, and engaged in business, but owing to the hard- ships and exposure which he endured while in the army at the front, lie was compelled to give up his business and retire to his farm, near Loudon. Here he died on the 12tli of May, 1844, leaving a wife and ten chiklren to mourn his loss. He had uncles who preceded him to America, but they settled in the United States, whore they became distinguished citizens. One of them entered the navy and afterwards rose to prominence in the history of the United States as Commodore McDonough. Thomas, whose name heads this sketch, received a good business education in the Grammar School of London, under "Wright, Bayly and Thomjison, and then remained on the old home farm until 184S, when he engaged in mercantile pursuits in London, which occupation he followed until a short time ago. He was exceptionally successful in his business ventures, and his many duties prevented him from taking part in public life, although eminently fitted to fill positions requiring marked business ability. From IHod to ISiiS he was engaged in the mercantile business with his brother-in-law, but afterwards he earned on the business unaided. In liS5:> he became a member of the ^lasonic fraternity, and throughout life has boon a staunch Conservative in his political views, taking an active part in political campaigns and making a sturdy fight for his candidate. He attends the Church of England, and in social as well as business life be is very popular and successful. He is unmarried. 904 HISTOUY OF THK Andrew M. McEvoy. A. ]\r. McEvoy, Treasurer of the County of Middlesex, was born about 1841, in County Down, Ireland, where both his parents. Dr. William and ^largaret (Miller) McEvoy, were born. The father was a graduate of the Edinburgh Medical School, one of the leading medi- cal institutions of Scotland, and practiced his profession in his native county until his death, which occurred about 1842, followed by his wife about a year later. Of their four children only two are living — Andrew M. and Mary (wife of Hiram Miricle, residing in Wisconsin). Those deceased are John, who, when the great civil war broke out in the United States, joined the 4th Michigan Volunteers, and was sent south with his regiment. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa , where he also received a gunshot wound in the left arm, and was taken to the tobacco-house (Libby) prison at Iiichmond, Va., where all trace of him was lost; it is supposed he either died or was killed. jMargaret died in Wisconsin. Andrew M. McEvoy came to Canada with his uncle in 1848, and located with him on a farm in Lobo Township, where he grew to manhood, and received a good English education, and, in 180'.), he was elected to the Council of Caradoc, serving until 187(i, when he was appointed Clerk of that township, and served until June, 1887, being nearly twenty years a servant of the people. At the latter date he was apjiointed to his present oflice of County Treasurer. In 1(S.")9 he was united in mar- riage to Miss Anna Northcott, a native of Caradoc. Robert McEwen. Eobert McEwen, another enterprising and successful farmer of Westminster Township, was born in liS.jo on the farm he ncnv owns, which was reclaimed Irom a perfectly wild forest by his father, David McEwen, to a high state of cultivation. Robert McEwen, the grand- father of the subject of this notice, following the footsteps of his ancestors, took to farming, and was a tenant on Clochranhill, a small hokling belonging to the Hamiltons, of lloselle, and across the road from the widely-known Burns' cottage, in Ayrshire, Scotland. In IT'.'H he married Jane Mcllwraith (also of an Ayrshire family, who could boast of a residence in this county, as well as an ancestry tracing back over 700 years), and they had seven children — Margaret, James (writer to the Sirfnet, Edinburgh), John ("established church minister of the Parish of Kirkmichael), David, Ilobert (member, and for some years chairman of the Stock Exchange, ^lanchester, England), Hugh (agent of the Oriental P>ank, Calcutta), and Janet, who all received a thorough education in the Ayr Academy, For a number of years, and at the time of his death, he was factor to the estate of which he was a tenant. Upon his death the management of the farm fell to his sou David, wh come to Ce -00 acres d'lty, claim ments had I to give it u make liims '^"ught, tins of VVestmin working aga settlers in ni liis holding ( '''■om his nat: tlie daughter four children He died in 1, J'resbyterian, London. H* V all wlio ki Robert, lii< education, anc settled down especially to s ciales has done For some yeai countj^ and nr ;;"'kofCaptai 01 ihonias H. The followii don's represent '^■"own, and wh( entirely througl operations, then nation and goo island of Unte 7 on)a„i^., ^^;^ J '0 former was JJainel, the eight "■IS I'eared in 'his « cotton factory. S'»v and entered m .[<-''i''s, hut iearnir '^ ^'o , of that cit- COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, 905 David, who carried it on until the expiration of the lease, when he come to Canada as early as 1S;>4 and purchased from Colonel Tall)ot 200 acres in the Township of Delaware. Through some settlement duty, claim was made against this pro]:)erty after considerable improve- ments had been done. Eighteen months subsequently he was obliged to give it up ; but not discouraged, and with a firm determination to make himself a home with what little available means left, he again bought, this time 100 acres in the First Concession of the Township of Westminster. By patience, industry and careful attention, thougli working against many misfortunes and striving with difficulties whicli settlers in new countries of the present day know nothing, he increased his holding to 230 acres, to which he gave the name of Alloway Lodge, from his native ]iite, Frith of Clyde, West of Scotland, October 10, 1.S19; son of Daniel and Isabel Macfie, nee Campbell, also of Scotch nativity. The former was a cooper by trade, and devoted himself to tliat calling. Daniel, the eighth child and sixtii son in the fiimily of ten children, was reared in his native place, and in early life commenced working in a cotton factory. U])on attaiinng his eighteenth year he went to Glas- gow and entered a haberdasher warehouse, where he remained for three years, but learning of an advance advertisement of Peter Buchanan & Co., of that city, for a competent person to go to Canada in the cai)a- 900 HISTOKY OF THE city of salesman, he made application for the position, and subseqiKintly entered into an arrangement for throe years, whereby his expenses to Canada and salary were given him. In 1841 he arrived in Toronto, where he had the clioice of three positions — one in Toronto, one in Kingston, and one in St. Thomas. Isaac lUichanan was then elected a member of the first Parliament of the united Provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and Peter Buchanan was his brother. Upon reacliincr Toronto, he presented himself to Isaac Buchanan, and was advised by him to enter the business of John ]\IcKay, at St. Thomas. In goiin' thence he passed through London for the first time— this was in 1841. When his three years' engagement expired, he returned to London, where lie has remained ever since, and lias proven of no little benefit to the interests of the community. In 1849 he embarked in business for himself on the corner of Duiidas and Talbot streets, and for nineteen years conducted a sub- stantial trade at that place. In 18GU he was elected to represent his ward in the City Council ; and, as one of the city's oilicials, accomiianied His Itoyal Highness the Prince of Wales to Saniia, when he was on a visit to this Province. In ISiJl, Mr. Macfie was elected by the Council as Chairman of the Finance Committee, and for five years acceptably dischargeil the duties of that position. In the vcar LsGG he removed to London South. In 18t)7 he became a candidate for a seat in Parliament as a Liberal, in opposition to the then member, Mr. Crowell Willson, and made a higlily complimentary contest, being defeated by but a small vote in a very Conservative constituency. In 1871 he assisted in establishing the Dominion Savings and Investment Society, of London, and he was made its first President, continuing as such about nine or ten years ; and upon retiring from this position lie left it in a most prosperous condition, the stock being at 25 per cent, pre- mium. In 1 885 his well-known qualifications for the position led to his election as President of the Carling Brewing and Malting Company, and in this capacity he proved himself to be the right man in the rii»lit })lace, furthei' adding to his reputation as a careful and successful financier and business man. In 1845, Mr. Macfie was married to Miss Jean McKay, sister of the late John McKay, Registrar of the County of Elgin. She was a native of Glasgow, Scotland. To them were born three children, one son and two daughters. The latter are deceased. The .son, l{t)bert Macfie, is a prominent wholesale dealer in hats, caps and furs, and is recognized as one of l,ondou's enterprising business men. James Walker Macfie. James Walker Macfie, one of the highly respected citizens of Ekfrid Township, was born near where he now lives, Feb. 12, 184.); son of Charles and Ann (Walker) Macfie, both natives of Scotland. TJie father native con TJie family Concession '" 1H4(J, an I'lesbyteriai two years. ever knowr preceded liii James Wall agi'iciiltural j tliis, healso ■md is now o is tlie owner 1^72, and wh was united in Jianie was Ms '^laitland. M 1-^. 1«48, and f'f four cliildre and Archie W ^^ is an enter I'lesbyterian L and an amiable 1'liomas M London, Ont., v peorge and Ja immigrated to ( su'lject attended menced workint ocoiiiotive, and I'e was jiromotec wliieli lie retaint I'^S'J- lieginni, passed tlirougli Merits the high ( Hattie was niarri I 'ey have five c J^''- McHattie is ^rotheriiood of I . John D. McI J'Ondon, Ontario. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 907 equently pensi's to , 'rovouto, to, one in 3U elocted ){ Quebec L reiicliing idvised V)y In '^oiiig xs iu 1841. to TiOUtlon, Lttle benefit 3 corner of •ted a siib- •epresent his icconipanied 11 be was on cted by t\ie or five years he year 1^66 indidate for a member, Mr. :ontest, being itituency. ^" id Investment continning as lis position be > per cent, pre- dion led to bis in<' Company, xTi^in tlie rigiit ind successful larried to Mis3 of tbe County To tbem were |:be latter are [esale dealer m li's eutcrprisnig Led citizens of |eb. 12, ^f'\> leg of Scotland. I The father was born December 14, 1810, and was married in his native country to Miss Walker, who was born Jauu.ary 11, 1812. The family came to Canada iu 1844, and settled on Lot 13, Second Concession of Ekfrid Township, where the father commenced teacliing in 1(S4(J, and continued this occupation until 1852. He was a leading Presbyterian, and was a Sabbath School sujierintendent for forty- two years. He was a most estimable man, and Avas respected wher- ever known. He died May 9, 1888, and his faithful companion preceded him to the grave April 16 of the same year. Their son, James Walker Macfie, received a fair education, and has followed agricultural jiursuits the principal part of his life. In connection with tliis, he also for a number of years was engaged in the dairy business, and is now one of the stockholders of the Appin Cheese Factory. He is tlie owner of a valuable farm of 220 acres, which he purchased in 1872, and which is situated near the village of Apjiin. The same year he was united in marriage to Airs. Jane Ann McGregor, whose maiden name was Maitland, daughter of John Richard and Mary (Walker) .Maitland. Miss Maitland was born in Leeds County, Out., August 14, 1848, and by her marriage to Mr. Macfie she became the motlier of four children — Charles Maitland, John Walker, Mary Ann Maude, and Archie William. Politically, Mr. Macfie is a pronounced Reformer. He is an enterprising man, a popular citizen, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church, and an amiable, intelligent woman. Thomas McHattie. Thomas McHattie, locomotive foreman, Grand Trunk Railway, London, Ont., was born in Scotland, August 8, 1854. He is a son of George and Jane (Grant) McHattie, also natives of Scotland, who immigrated to Canada in October, 1854, and settled in Hamilton. Our subject attended school until about sixteen years of age, and then com- menced working in the round-house. He next engaged in firing on a locomotive, and afterwards was given charge of an engine. In 188& he was promoted to the position of locomotive foreman at Palmertson, wliich he retained until appointed to his present position at London in LS89. Beginning at the lowest round in the ladder, he has successfully passed through various promotions witli much credit, and he well merits the high compliment paid him in his last promotion. Mr. Mc- Hattie was married in 1878 to Miss Margaret McFarlane, of Hamilton. They have five children — Charles, George, Walter, Margaret, and John. Mr. McHattie is a member of the Masonic Order, I. O. 0. F., and Brotherliood of Locomotive Engineers. John D. McIlwain. John D. McIlwain, superintendent of Grand Trunk Car Shops, London, Ontario, is a native of Muskingum County, Ohio ; was born 908 HISTORY OF THK December 11, 1842. His parents, John and Sarah (Dixon) Mcllwain, were buth natives of I'ennsylvania. He was reared and received his education in Cleveland, Oliio. Evincing an aptitude for railroad work, when lie had attained a suitable afi;e, he commenced the ])ractical ])art of his education to fit him for the ealling to wliich he has since given his attention. In the late American Civil War lie took an active part, and served three years in the Federal Army. After leaving the army he returned to his previous avocation at Cleveland, Ohio, where he S])ent a number of years ; was also for some tinu) at Jetfersonville, Ind.. and was one year in Texas. All these years were spent in con- nection with his chosen occupation. In 18S1 he was called to a posi- tion in Columbus, Ohio, as superintendent of a car manufacturing works. In 1882 he became connected with the Orand Trunk Kail- road. Mr. Mcllwain is a man of large exjierience, especially as a railroad mechanical engineer, for one of his years, which is evinced by the important position he is now filling. He is a man of energy and push, and this, together with his ])leasant, agreeable maimer, makes him ])opular with all with whom he comes in contact. Feter Paul McKellar. Peter Paul McKellar, a skillful and successful blacksmith of Middlesex County, Out., was born in Lobo Townshij), on the ITtii of August, 1840, his parents, Peter and Mary (Paul) ]\lcKellar, being natives of Argyleshire, Scotland. Peter Paul ^IcKellar is one of tiieir nine children, and was reared on a farm in Lobo Township, where he also learned the occu]iation of blacksmithing, becoming well versed in all the details of the business, and has followed this occupation with fair success up to the present time. He has been seven years a volunteer, and previous to 1866 and part of 1875 he served six months in baiTacks and frontier duty. In the year 1866 he was united in the bonds of niiiM'imony to Miss Mary Graham, by whom he has become the father of ave children, whose names are as follows: — Argus Peter, ^lalcomb A., Mary Catherine, Archibald D. and William J. Mr. McKellar is highly e.steemed by all who know him, and is ever ready to assist all worthy enterprises with both nuiney and influ- ence. He has shown bis brotherly spirit by becoming a member of the Oranye order. > kl^^ A. McKellar. Among the representative and energetic business men of Glencoo is the one of whom this notice is given, and who is one of the leading merchants of the place. Mr. McKellar is a native of j\Iiddlesex County, having been born in Mosa Township, July 14, 1850, His ^fe ;ll\vain, ivcd his 1(1 woi'k, ical part CO given ive l>avt, he army wlu've he rsoiiville, it in con- to a ])osi- \factnvin<,' nnk llail- jially as a vinced hy lU'i'f^y and lev, makes cksinith of fho 17th of Uav, iH'ing n\ii of their Nvliere he versed in ation with en years a served six 166 he was whom he follows :— md William lim, and is and influ- inember of )V of Glencoc the leading If Mitldlesex 1850. His BY THE HIYER. jiaronts, Mai (if Argylcsli: Township, h A. McKellar tliL' farm unt lift' experionc montioned ap I>onaId Mel'; estiililished lii in tlie villagi room for his ] fine double br halls of the J of which he is Isabella McFa two daughters. ant of one of t McFarlatie, sei llrs. McKellar high esteem by T>. G. Mad native of Londo is a son of Duiu Inverness, Hcotl; ami served until family to Cauadi journey thither. got a free grant c "mher. He was of the inhabitan give up 600 acre; to reside on his ' yeai'. His wife ci '^velve children Isabella (wife of Hoar, of Strathrov "le County of Lai 'flwi schools, and i !^'^, was engagec Hyde Park, Londo yas united in mar; John Hoar, of Ade George and Agues 57 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. ini parents, Malcolm and Catharine (Leitch) McKellar, were worthy people of Argyleshirc, Scotland, and are known as pioneer settlers of Mosa Township, having immigrated there prior to their marriage. Their son, A. McKellar, remained with his parents and assisted in the dnties on the farm nntil he had attained his eighteenth year. He had early in life experienced a fondness for mercantile pursnits, and at the afore- mentioned age he came to Glencoe and began clerking in the store of Donald Mcltae, with whom he remained fonr years. In 1ear Creek. Alexander McPherson was but fifteen years old when he came to Canada from Scotland with his father, Hugh McPherson, who was one of the first settlers of Lobo Township. Alexander McPherson was a successful farmer, and by his industry and good management liecarae the owner of 300 acres of the very best land in the county. He reared an interesting family of five children, and died in LSGT, his life's companion having departed this life fourteen years prior to his death. Their son, John McPherson, attained his growth in his native county, and in 1870 was united in marriage to Miss Ellen ^loore, of East Williams, and the daughter of Dugal and ■leanette ^loore, both of whom were natives of Scotland and pioneers of Middlesex County. The first land bought by the subject of this sketch was 100 acres on Concession 10, Lot 1, which was owned originally by Ids grandfather. He received from his father's estate the farm on which he is so nicely located, and to this he has added 100 acres in Lot 5, Coiice.ssion 10. Mr. ^McPherson is one of the leading farmers of Lobo Townshij), and, indeed, of Middlesex County. His well-kejit fiirm and the quality of his iiroducts attest his ability as a true tiller of the soil, He has been a delegate from West Middlesex to the Western Fair and Provincial Exhibition ; is at present Justice 914 mSTOUY OK TlIK of the IVaci', ami has ht'cii Townshi]! Auililor fur thirtwii y^'Hi's in suoctissidii. IIc) is Diicctor (if thu West MuUlk'.'st'x AHriculliinil Society, uiul suvvwl as its I'l't'sideiit for oiiu year. IJoth lie ami his estimabU) laily are ineiiihers of tlie Baptist Ciiiirch,aii'2, George J. left the home roof and immigrated to Anu'rica, where he spent some time in travelling over the country. In 1866 he came to Canada, found his way to Middlesex County, and lociited in Dtdaware Township. He had learned the carpenter and builder's trade in his native country, and followed the same for some time after coming to Canada. He then purchased a fine farm one and a-half miles from the Village of Dela- ware, where he located, and where he is now living. In 1857 he chose for his comi)auion in life Miss Margaret Buntner, a native of Gennany, who came to Canada with her parents when but a child. Thi.s union was blessed by the birth of nine children, seven sons and two daughters. ]\Ir. ^lahler is a Conservative in his political opinions, is a member of the Lutheran Church, and is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. GEORGE T. Mann. George 1. Mann is a member of John Mann & Sons, dealers in coal, coke, wood, cement, fire brick, fire clay, calcined plaster, etc., London, Ontario. One of the remarkable and distinguished character- istics of our western civilization is the number and prominence of comparatively young men in professional, otlicial and business life — men who in older sections and under other conditions would be but entering upon the threshold of active life, are here found in the full meridian of success and usefulness. The pluck so necessary to success in any calling seems to be pecidiarly a distinction of the young men of this western country, and hence we find them well to the front in 916 IIISTOllY OF THE every avocation of life ; and among those who have thus won in hfe's battles and attained to a well-merited position among the business men of London, is the subject of this sketch. John Mann, the father of George T., was born in Yorkshire, England, and reared there. He married Miss Harriet Elliott, a native of the same place. In 18(i6 lie immigrated with his family to Canada, and, after a short stay in London, settled Ml Ih'antford, where he has since made his home. For several years he was connected with the gas interests of the city, as lessee, and Ml 1870 he engaged in the coal and wood trade, in addition to which he has transacted a large lumber business. In ISSo his two sons, "William E. and George T. became interested with him in the business, and this relation existed until the death of the former in July, 188G. In April, 1886, the business in London was established, and it has since been under tiie management of George T., who is assisted by his brother Walter. From the first inception of the business it has l)een a success and of rapid growth, and is equiil to, if not ., born 1S()2 ; David Wallace, born 18()4; and Alice Maud, born liS67, and died in 1S72. Mr. .Mann is a Reformer in politics, and is a member of the Canada Methodist Church. Jacob J. Manning. «i, aii'l iuvty II An.i lldVIi Jacob J. Manning is of Irish-German lineage, and is a descendant of a ]irominent old family, the founder in Ame'-'oa being a native of Ireland, and a pioneer settler in I )utchess County, New York, in which county he located many years before the llevolutionary war. Jacob -Manning, the grandfather of our subject, was born in York State, and was a former by occu])ation, and during the American Eevolutiou was a Loyalist, emigrating a few years after tliat struggle to Canada, where he and his three sons each were given 200 i.cres of land for the assistance they rendered the liritish Government during that war. Here the father died, and, in 1833, his son Isaac (farher of Jacob J. Manning) removed with his family to Westminster Township, settled oil 200 acres of land on the Fourth Concession, where members of the family still reside. He was married in 1794 to Miss Sarah Willsey, by wiiom he became the fatlier of the following family: — Kacob J., •lohu, Harry, Al])ha, Willsey, Isaac, Polly, Matilda, Evis, Eleanor, and Sabrina. Mr. Manning was a member of the Methodist Church, one of the first .settlers of Westminster Townshiji, and died at the age of seventy-seven years. Jacob J. Manning, the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was liorn near House's Point, N. Y., in 1 795, but was reared on his father's farm in Canada, marrying, after a suitable age, P^lizabeth I'alen, which union resulteil in tlie birth 0'' eight children — Henrietta, 918 IIISTOUY OF THE Lawrence, Lucetta, William, Kachel, Sally A., John G., aud Alniina. Mr. Manning was a]Ji)ointed Lieutenant in the ]MiIitia, and rose to the rank of Captain, and afterwards be<,'an filling the duties of Maciistvate. He owned a farm, and, about IS.'S-i, emijirated to ^Middlesex Cuuntv, and settled on the Sixth Concession of Westminster Township, where he cleared a farm of 200 acres. He was ap] jointed ^Lxgistrate soon after coming to this county, wliich ollice he is still filling, aud became Captain of the ]\Iilitia, being afterwards a])))ointed to the rank of Colonel, an oftice lie filled until old age compelled him to resign. He has been a church member for more than sixty years, aud throughout bis long and useful walk through life has commanded the respect and esteem of all who knew him. iJuring his early career he kejjt a store for fourteen years, where Belmont now stands, which enterprise was attended with gooil succt.^^s, and although at the present time he has reached tiie advanced age of ninety-three years, he is still active, and retains his mental faculties to a remarkable degree. His son, Lawrence i\Janning, was born in Heury.sburg, Canada, ISIM, and was in his six- teenth year when he came to Westminster Town.ship, where he assisted his father to clear their farm and get it in good tillable condition. He was married to Miss Hannah Duucaw, a daughter of Joseph Duucaw, sen., by whom he Ijecame the father of one son, who grew to manhood — Jacob J. The family attend the ^lethoilist Church, and are classed among the prosperous, highly houoi'ed, and progressive citizens of the county. Jacob J. Majniing, his son, is a man of forty-three years, and was born on the old homesteail in .Middlesex County. He received a com- mon school education, and was wedded to Miss Rebecca A. ]\IcKniglit, a daughter of Thonuis ami ]\Iargaret (liorland) Mclvnight, which union was blessed with the birth of a daughter — E. Addie. Mr. Manning has always been an industrious farmer. Neither he, his father, nor liis grandfather was ever sued for any cause, being peaeealjle, law-abiding citizens. There are four generations now living on the old honu^stead, the fifth generation being Harry L. Collard, son of Mr. M. Collard, of North Dorchester. Tliis instance forcibly illustrates the remarkable longevity nf the stamich old pioneer family. Henry Mathews on. Among those at London who have made for themselves an honor- able name l)y a long term of years of steady and successi'ul busi- ness pursuits and uinight citizenship stands Henry Malhewsoii. He is a native of Scotland, and was reared mainly at Dundee. lu early life he learned the trade of baker and confectioner, at which calling he .served a regular apprenticeship. In LS41 he came to Canada, and upon his arrival was shipwrecked off the coast of New- founilland, but reached the shore without injury. He first went to ^ _ Montreal, a t' 1 here lie \m out re])i'oac and in 184j continued t engaged in this busine.' Coinj)any hi position witl and in 1 S82 TJ'c liaper i National Po] its jii'osperit^ Matliewson 1 a native of I \vlioni only c wife ]\Irs. An lias presented living— Maie T. Herbert tl'iniliiiiirr..? ff,) Can;ida, and o gressive bnsin and his father, to Canada whi of Lnglaiid. T. Herbert 18C4 he acce he engaged ii "ally adding t ''liignitnde. ° ^ Marsh pnrcha coincidence is, «s a clei'k of t' u-.! when a bo\ departments, ; '0 Halifax. ■j'lsiiiess have age, and he w, "ess man. A. a'l'i takes an a< member of the making it a sue III 1 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 910 Montreal, •where lie remained until 1842, when he came to London, and here he has since resided, havinu; l)uilt up a name and an honor with- out reproach. He engaged in his trade as a Ijaker and confectioner, and in 1845 sulVoi'ed seriously from the great fire of that year. He continued the business until ]85(), and subsequently with a partner engaged in the manufacture of steam engines. After relinquishing this business, he became connected with the Advertiser, with which L'oni])any he remained for four or five years. In LSd? he acce]»ted a position with the Free Pr<;st^ Printing (Jo.; in 1871 became a partner, and in 1 882 was elected to his present position as Secretary-Treasurer. The ])aper is an exjioncTit of the great Conservative principles of National Policy, is a recognized leader of opinion and ow -.^ much of its prosperity to the business qualifications of Mr. IMathewsou. ]\Ir. Mathewsou has been twice married — first in 1844 to Miss Ann Smith, a native of England, by whom he had three sons and one daughter, of whom only one son, George, is now living. He selected for his second wife Mrs. Annie Newcombe, whose maiden name was Lancaster, who lias presented her husband with two children, oue daughter only now hvini,'— Maie. Herbert Harsh. nor his abiding "Stead, ard, of irkable honor- ul busi- ihi'wsoii. ee. In it which came to of New- weut to T. Herbert Marsh, wholesale dealer in saddlery hardware, coach tvininiings, and manufacturer of leather goods, at London, is a native of Canada, and one of London's prominent citizens as well as mo.st pro- gressive business men. He was born in Hamilton, Ontario, in 184U, and his father, Thomas W. Mar.sh, was a native of England, and came to Canada while young. He married Miss Catherine Wyatt, a native of England. T. Herbert Marsh received a liberal education in his youth, and in 1864 he accepted a position in the Gore Bank, in London. Li 187'.' he engaged in his present business, at first on a small scale, but grad- ually adding to his capacity, until his business has assumed its present magnitude. In 188.">, owing to the requirements of his trade, Mr. Mar.'^h purchased his present commodious building, and a singular coincidence is, that it is the same l)uilding in wliicli he was employed as a clerk of the Gore Jjank, and he is to-day carrying the same keys he ui.l wlien a boy in tlu; bank. His stock is full and complete in all the departments, and his trade extends throughout the Province, and east to Halifax. His straightforward and honorable methods of transacting business have secured for him a large and continually increasing patron- age, and he well merits the position he has attained as a reliable busi- iie.'s man. As a citizen, ^[r. Marsh has proven himself progressive, and takes an active interest in the advancement of the city. He is a member of the Western Fair lioard, and has rendered valuable aid in making it a success. In 188'J he was elected president of the London 920 HISTORY OF THE Board of Trade, and ho is a director of the Agricultural Loan and Savings J3auk. James S. Marshall, In jirufessional, agricultural or conunercial life, there are alwavs some men -who attain prominence, and these men are, in nearly all cases, intelligent and energetic. Such a man is James S. Marshall, who was born in County llolton, Ajiril f), 1850, Ix'ing the fifth child born to the marriage of James Marshall and Mary Lamb, wlm were born in Paisley, Scotland, and Holton County, Ontario, resjiectively. The father was a farmer by occupation, and when young immigrated to Canada, where he was married to Miss Lnmb, a daughter of Hugli Lamb, who was an early immigrant from Ireland. James S. Marshall was reared on a farm in his native county, and followed the occujiation of husbandry until, in company with his brother, he engaged in the livery business in Milton. In 1875 he changed his place of residence to London, where he purchiised his jiresent business, which he has conducted with satisfactory success. His stable is v/ell kejit and is consetiuuntly jiatronized by those who desin; good horses and stylish and comfortable carriages. November IS, 1S84, he was united in marriage to Miss Bessie Paindle, a native of the county, by whom he has one daughter, Nina. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, being a member of St. John's Lodge, No. l'09. Captain Benjamin Matthews. Cajitain Benjamin ^Matthews was born in (Glamorganshire, South Wales, on the I'nd of February, 181l', and is a son of Philip and Mary (Abraham) Matthews, also natives of South Wales. The father was a veterinary surgeon, and was a son of William Matthews, who was a gardenei' by occupation, and lived in his native country until his death, which occurred in his ninetieth year. His son Be. jamin was a soldier in the British army. In 1821 the Matthews family came to Canada, taking passage at Bristol in the sailing vussel Fidelity, and laniknl at (Quebec after a voyage of six weeks and tive days. On '.hen M'ay farther into the interior, they stojiped at Little York (no-' Torontc i and went to the Ciovernor-Oeneral's residence, where they made known their wishes to him. He sent an order to Colonel Talbot, of London, to grant ]\Ir. Philip Matthews 1.L'njamin, whose name heails this sketch, was about ten years of age wlien lie landed with his ])arents in Canada, and becanre inured to the Iiardshijis and dangers of ]>ioneer life. The schools of his boyhood (lays wore in a very primitive state, and were very few in number, con- s('([ueutly, his educational advantages were of the most meagre descrij)- tion. His remembrances of his boyhood days are of a very pleasant description, however, as he was very fond of hunting and trapping, and game was very abundant. He has now in his possession a wolf trap that has caught twenty-nine of those animals, eight lynxes and two young bear cubs. He has lead an active and adventurous life, which has materially benefited his naturally strong constitution, so that now in his old age In; is hale and hearty. He served in the Rebellion (if 1S;!7, and the following extract will .show how his courage and bnivery wer*^ rewarded : — " His Hxcell. ncy, Sir Edmund Walker Head, Baronet, Governor- General of British North America, and Captain- General and Governor- iu-(Jhief in and all over the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Island of Prince Edward, and Vice Admiral of the same, etc., etc., etc. "To lienjamin Matthews, Gentleman, Greeting, — Reposing especial confidence in your loyalty, courage and good conduct, I do hereby constitute and ajipoint you during pleasure, to be Lieutenant in the Second Battalion of AIid(Jlesex Militia, taking rank and precedence in the said Battaliiin, from the I'Sth day of Februiuy, 18o(j, and in the Militia of the Province from the 28th day of February, 1S.")6 ; you are thereupon carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of Lieutenant by exercising and well disciplining the inferior oflicers and men of said Hattalion ; and I do herebv command them to obev von as their Lieutenant, and you are to observe and follow all such orders and directions as you shall from time to time receive from mo, or any other of your superior officers, according to law. " Given under my hand and office seal, at Toronto, this 27th day of May, in the year of our Lord I80G, and the 19th year of Her IMajesty's reign." (hi ]\Iay 2nd, 1S56, he was promoted to Captain of the same I'attalion, which shows that his services as Lieutenant were appreci- ated. He and his venerable wife have hosts of warm friends, who on the 12th of July, 188S, assisted them in celebrating their goldert Wedding. Their marriage occurred in the Church of England at Stan- 922 IIISTOUY OF THE ford, near Niagara Falls. They became the jiareiits of ton cliildron, nine of whom are living — Eleanor (wife of John Scott), Joliii, Thomas, Philip, Benjamin, David, IMary (widow of D. Douglass), William and -lames L. Mr. and Mrs. Matthews are members of the KeL,'ular Baptist Church, and during their long careen' as settlers of Loiiddu Township have experienced many hardshijis, as well as seen mauv prosperous and sunshiny days. Their declining days are blessed with prosjjerity, and they are now enjoying the fruits of their long and well- spent lives. Robert Mav/hinney (Deceased). Robert IMawhinney (deceased) was one of the prominent and enterprising citizens of the county. He was born in County Armagh, Ireland, October 25, 1829, and is the son of James Mawhinney, wlio was a native of the same place and a farmer by occupation. The mother's name was Martha llichard.son, she also of the same jilace as subject. Their family consisted of six children, Eobert Mawhinney being the second in order of birth. He was reared on a farm in Ireland and came to Canada in 1848, settled in London and followeil dill'erent occupations until June, lH')o, when he was appointed to the police force, fdling that position for eighteen years. In 187."' he was appointed caretaker of city buildings. Mr. !^Iawhinney was married first to Mrs. Eliza (Carson) Loftus, who was a native of Ireland, and who died in 181)8, leaving four children — Martha, James, Eliza Jane and Sarah Ann. Mr. Mawhinney took for his second wife Miss Henrietta Stejihens, a native of Middlesex County, ( 'anada, and the fruit of this union was one child, ^largaret Henrietta. Mr. ^law- hiuney was a member of the Canadian Order of Foi-jsters, and was an honest and much respected citizen. He died on Septembers, 1 888, bearing with him to the grave the universal respect of all his brother men. Orlow M. Maybee. Orlow M. Maybee is one of the prominent residents of North Dorchester. His ancestors were English. He was born in the State of New York about the year 1(827 ; later his parents went to Michigan. When about fifteen years of age he came to Delaware, Canada ; after residing there about three years, he sjinut one year in study at Oberlin Institute, Ohio; leaving that institution, he taught a school in Medina County, that state. Eeturning to Delaware, he went into trade, keep- ing a store for a time in that village. In 1848 he married Miss Amelia Eliza Mount, daughter of the late II. Mount, Esq., who was for years postmaster at Delaware, and Crown land agent. At his death. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 923 ill 1HM7, he rciu'eseiitcd thn County of Middlesex in the Canadian I'uilianieiit. Hdoii after liis maniage, Mr. Maybeo went to Dorchester, wliure he and his wife taught in S. S. No. 4. While in Dorcliester he was townshij) elerk and license ins])ector for the township. In iNoO he went to Lc^xiiigton, Mich. ; went into general trade. For a nuni- her of years he was ]iostnia.ster, a magistrate, and the proprietor and editor of the Sanilac Sigiuil, a wcsekly Democratic ])aper. Ujion T.in- coln's election to the jnesidency, he went South, teaching in the Slate of Arkansas. When the State seceded, he joined the Confederate Army as a private. A few months later, for special services at tlie liattle of Oak Hills, he was promoted to the rank of 1st Lieutenant, At the Siege of Yicksburg he had reached the rank of Major, in com- mand of a regiment. At the surrender of that place he made his escape and rejoined the Confederate force at Canton, Miss. Here he was promoted to the rank fif Colonel in the Adjutant-Generars depart- ment, and ordered to Charleston, where he served as Assistant Adju- tant-General on the staff of General Hardie. At the close of the war, lie was at llichniond, Va. He participated in the battles of Oak Hills, Pea llidge, Shiloli, The Siege of Vicksburg, and Charleston, and a great number oi minor engagements. For a time after peace he was engaged in a fruit store in Charleston. In LS6'.> he returned to Dor- chester Station, and has since resided on his farm. He and his wife are members of the (Jliurch of England. For a number of years he bus served as cliurchwaiden. Has been a trustee and secretary- treasurer for twelve consecutive years, and takes a general interest in tlie cause of edvication. He is an occasional contributor to the city press, and his paragraphs are generally read with interest. F. W. MEEK. F. W. Meek, druggist and pharmacist, and a representative of one of the pioneer families, is a native of Port Stanley, Middlesex County, Ontario ; born in 18.")o ; only child born to W. H. and Nancv (McCal- luui) Meek, and of Scotch-Irish descent. The father was born in Annagh, Ireland, in 1.S17, and the mother in Scotland, in 1828. The i'iuiiily came to Canada as early as 1opular men of Strathroy, is the son of James and Jane (llodger) Mcekison, also natives of Scot- land, born in 1769 and 1806, and died in 1844 and 18S6 respectively. Their son, Andrew Meekison, was the eldest of two children and received limited educational advantages, being compelled at the early age of ten to make his own way in life. His fh-st effort was in a toljacco manufacturing establLshmeut, where he labored for about two years, and then for seveu years worked on a farm for wages. Li 1(S67 In; immigrated to the United States, and for a short time lived at Najioleon, Ohio, after which he came to Canada, settled at Windsor, where, for twelve years, he was conductor on the Great Western Ifailway. In 181)7 he came to Strathroy, engaged in the grocery business, wholesale and retail, which he has continued since, and in whicli he has been . In ISoGlie was a])pointed Sui)erintendent of Schools for the County of Kent, which oflice ho held nine year.s, and in LS()7 re- ceived tlie unanimous nonuiuition of the Reform electors as candidate for election to the House of Commons, and was returned to rarlianient in Se])teml)er of that yeai'. He has represented Dothwell continuously since that time. In 1872 he was requested l)y tlie {.Jovernnicnt of Ontario toeiupure into and rejuirt upon the boundaries of Ontario. He (lid so, and the report nuide by him contains a large rjuantity of valu- able information relating to (.'olonial history and Imjierial jiolicy in reference to the Government of the British Dominions in North America. As there was otluu' valuable information to be ol)tained, he was again re(iuested to look into the matter and prepare a second re- port, which lie did in 187') and the early part of 187(). U])on the ap- pointment of the Hon. D. Laird to the Governorship of the North-west Territories, Mr. Mills was offered a jiortfolio in the Cabinet, and ac- cejited that of the Interior, which ])osition he filled until October, 1878, when h(; resigned with the Ministry. In 1 87"), Mr. Mills was elected by tlie Public S(^hool Inspectors of the Province as their representative on the Board of Public Instruction. After the fall of the Mackenzie administration, 'Mr. ^lills concluded to engage in the practice of law, for the duties of which he was eminently fitted, iind for the past four years has been engaged in the practice of that profession. He was also editorial writer on the London Advertiser for a few years. In politics he is an advanced Liberal, and favored the union of the provinces, but was wholly o[)[)osed to the means by which it was brought about. He did not favor the ad- mission of Britisli Columbia into the Canadian Confederacy at the time it was admitted, for he thought it not to the interest of either that such a union sliould exist while there was such a large amount of unoccupied territory between. He thouglit the resources of the country could be better employed by develo])ing the North-west than by building a road which would always be witlniut transcontinental traftic, and for a great jiart of the distance without local tratlic for many years to com(;. He has always ijeen opposed to a nominated Senate, which, he contends, o'iglit to have no place in their system of government, and favors an amendment of tlie C'onstitution so as to provide for the election of senators. He holds the economic doctrines of Gladstone and Bright, and is in favor of a real, not a sham, national policy, and favors a national policy Imsed ujxm principles of commer- cial extension, not of commercial exclusion. He thinks Canada ought to regulate and control her commercial relations with foreign states. 926 HISTOIiY OK TIIR and is oiijiosed to hainliii^' over tlio Wdik of li'L'iblatioii to tlif ministry as, lie uilirnis, is now (lone ut Ottawa. Hu is opiioscil to the imictico of alulicatin;,' tliu duty of uffectivo .supervision over tlu; national ex- penditures, and do(!s not re^'ard a lar^'c; puhlie debt as a national lilessinj,'. ('an; and economy in the ex]ienditnre of pulili(; money, a desire to do what is honest and fair on the part of the repre,sontativus per.sonal independence and a sense of justice are, in his opinion, of immeasurably "greater conse((Uence in iiromolini.^ the pnNpcrity of Canada than by heavily ta.xiuL; the ]ieopIe, tlie enormous puiiiir; ddit, and the erection of costly ])ublic works, built in uiiinhal»ited regions. During his service as ^linLster of the Interior, he ]iroved himself careful, capable and jiopidar, and there is no man in public life in Canada to-day who has a wider and more accurate knowledge of jiulilic allairs than he. He is one of the ablest I'arliamentary debaters in the country, and ranks among the lirst, if he is not the first, in mastering and representing a large (question. He is considered a tormidalilt: opponent, and when he ri.ses to talk on any ([uestion in I'arliament, he receives the ju'ompt attention of the entire house. He is the author of a paniplilet treating of the "I'resent and Future I'rospecLs of Canada," and, "The Blunders of the Hominion (lovernnient in (.'on- iiection with the North-west Territory." He was married in Decem- ber, ISOO, to Mi.ss M. .r. ]*>rown, of Chatham, by whom he is the father of three sons and four daughters — one daughter being deceased. John R. Minhinnick. John R. Minhinnick, dealer in and refiner of oil, was lioru in Devonshire, England, March 18, liS3.S,hi.s father being Henry Minhin- nick, and his mother Hannah (IJowe) Minhinnick, botl' of whom were born in the same j»lace. Jolin K. was reared in the home of his birth, and at the age of nineteen years immigrated to Canada. He leiuiied the trade of plumber and gas-fitter in his youth, and it was while follow- ing his chosen occupation, in fitting np oil refineries, that he was led to ent'af'e in the oil trade, and ho is one of the few who has contiiiut'd this occupation up to the present time and has met with satisfactory success. He has always taken great pains to perfect the ([uality of his product, and has discovered a process by which they are enaljled to place upon the market an oil that camiot be surjjassed, it being freed from all unpleasant odor and will not smoke. [Full mention of his business is given elsewhere in this work.] Mr. Minhinnick is a large stockholder in the Imperial Oil Co., and is Vice-President of the Car- ling Brewing & Malting Co. His career since coming to London is a good illustration of the possibilities of the country for a young man of jtluck and perseverance, and as a citi/en no less than a business man, he ranks among the first of the county. He lias represented his Ward several terms in the City Council, and was also selected as the suc- ccssfir of f'Mipletio ) <>'Dyno.s, ♦ •'<. and Kd siirewd an In in.se ^lio came i l''"'''s persi "p the You the old vote tlic subject 'a"; execution w./,'"s was f ^"cheli as a d: 5S COUNTY OK MIKIH.KSKX. 927 cossor of E. W. Tlynuvn (decoasod) as WatiT Connnissioiior tiiilil tin; (•omplction of tlu) Works. He was iiiiiiTit'il in 1,S60 to .Miss Miiry O'lJynos, iiiid by Iut is tlio fiitlicr of time ohildron — Gertruiln, TIeiiry S. iind Kdwin Kowc, Mr. Miiiliiniiiok is ii Mii.soii, and is one of the shrewd and successful financiers of the county. B. A. MITCHELL * lidvu in iliiiluii- ii\i wt've i-^ ^livth, [vneil llie t'oUdW- w.is led mtiiiued it'actovy .y of his libk'd to .1)14 freed [u'^of his a hiv'^e the Cav- [idou is ti^ man of [ess man, ais Ward the suc- *;■ V:- it' In in.sortiiif,' in this history the sketolies of (>niinent husines.s men wlio came to the City of London years j,'one by, and wlio, l)y their jihiek, perseverance, ener<»y and hone.st dealing, contributed to l)uildini,' ii]i the Forest (.'ity, or London-the-Less, we cannot omit the name of the old vet(!ran and ]iioneer druj,'gist, R A. Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell, tlic subject of this sketch, was burn in Kin;L,'Sclere, Ifampshire, En;,'- laiid, on the 13th of September, 1S24, being one of the i.ssue of the Rev. John Mitchell, of tha Church of P^ngland, and Aim Ashford Mitch(dl. After receiving a liberal edui'ation in England, he was apfiieiiticed to one John Hnntly, a leading druggist of Wimbomo Minster, Dorsetshire, England. After completing his term of service, five years, the young druggist tonk a notion, as was the fashion iu those days, to .see the world, he b(iing naturally of an ambitious turn of mind, and ctmld not content himself to settle down in England, as in tliose days there was little chance (jf making mon; than a bare living without having cajiital. Witiiout any means save his education, energy and jduck, he .shi])ped as a sailor before the mast on a common timber shij) bound f(ir Sierra Leone, on the coast of Africa, in 1842, and arrived there safely. A short time after he landc.'d, he was prostrated with yellow fuver, then prevalent in that locality, and was confined in the ho,spital at Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone, for six weeks or more. After recovery, he embarked in a timber shij) for his native hoiiK^ as a pas.seiiger. A short time aftcsr leaving the port, three of the crew died from the yellow scourge, and Mr. Mitchell was compelled to again take the place of a common sailor ; and, although weak fiom his reciuit illness, by the exercise of his indomitable will and courage, was enabled to oet through all right, and again land on his native shore. After remaining at his home a few months to recr ate his health, ho .sailed for the Dominion of Canada, via New Yoik, and went to the town of Simcoe, Norfolk County, wdiere his brother resided. Mr. Mitchell, after arriving in Canada, held res])onsiljle j)ositions in ])undas and Hamilton. in 184li he came to London, where he has resided ever since iu the drug business. He was commissioned to take charge of a bankrupt stock belonging to T. Winer & Co., which he had taken under execution from one Nowal. j This was the connuencement of the successful career of Mr. I Mitchell as a druggist, which he has continued and still continues. Mr. I i)8 ■>'iu ^W % %K "' -^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 «" IIIIIM m 1.4 |M 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 S. iP \ :\ Q^^ \ ^9) V 0^ <^ li ^ ,.. w 928 HISTORY OF THE Mitchell when he commenced business in London on his own aocount had no capital, except his business character for probity ami integrity, a character he has retained to the present date. During the long time he has been in business, both in the wholesale trade and retail, he has never been served with any writ or creditor's papers whatever relatiii" to suits for debt. For many years he did a large retail business. About the year 1869 he opened up one of the largest wholesale dru" establishments west of Toronto, an institution which still exists at the present day, under the title of the London Drug Company (who pur- chased the business from Mr. Mitchell in 1883), and enjoys a patron- age second to none in Ontario, the trade and reputation of the house being the fruits of the honest, square and straightforward dealings of B. A. Mitchell, who laid the foundation and the prosperity and busi- ness reputation of that establishment. Mr. Mitchell still continues the retail drug business at the Old Gothic Hall, which he erected shortly after he came to London, and is the same genial, honorable and accommodating person that he always was. He looks hale and hearty as ever, and enjoys a chat with his old friends about his early struggles and ups and downs in life. Mr. Mitchell is an heroic example of what determination, energy, honesty and laudable ambition will effect. He is a consistent Christian, of a benevolent disposition, and an honorable and valuable member of society. He enjoys what he deserves — a large patronage in his busi- ness — and has a host of friends. Mr. Mitchell has been twice married, ilrst in 184G, to Miss Ann Little, a native of Ireland. She died in 1882, leaving three sons, John A., Fred H. and A. B. Mitchell. He chose for his second wife Miss Catherine Lougheed, daughter of the late Dr. Lougheed, of Prince Edward County, of Irish birth. They have one daughter — Florence. young ph' "ig practic ^ g'eat int and althouj is a memb( Pythias, I. George '. ^'■'1 in Dc SaraJi (Dum was a farmer are Jiving at aud Geoi-ge. and followed i "1 me. He ^'ity, from wh: out as a day h "lis work and after serving ai years. I,, ig; "ves, and has » nage with Afiss County of Mk IS the mother •Mi^. Mitchell ai William J. Mitchell, M.D. William J. Mitchell, M. D., another successful practicing physician of London, Ont., was born in the Township of Adelaide, County of Middlesex, Ontario, and is the son of John and Mary Mitchell. John Mitchell was born in the North of Ireland, County Armagh, aud left his native country to immigrate to Canada about 1850. He was a farmer by occupation. The mother was also from County Arniaoh. They were the parents of five children, William J. Mitchell being the youngest son aud child. He was reared in his native county, and received a good practical education in the same. He then read medi- cine under Dr. Wishart for some time, and later attended lectures at Toronto and at London, where he graduated in 1885. He commenced practicing in the last-named place, and is a demonstrator of anatomy in the Western University. He is also on the visi'ing staff at the hospital Dr. Mitchell is a closo student, and is one of the rising LiEl 'Sanies Moffa ^tnct, of Ontu almost forty-five .'"terests. He w "Dd Rachel (Han .""'on in his yoi immigrated to "S. Jockport, and, i„ «ewasaniembe ;•"!;.'" 1«60, he y J''ns in Canada «'ghness with the J^s/een much int *as a member of I COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 929 youiif; ])hysicians of London. He has a large and constantly increas- ing practice, and stands well with his professional brethren. He takes a great interest in surgery, at which he is very successful and skillful, and although a young man, he stands at the head of his profession. He is a member of the following orders, viz. : — A. F. & A, M., Knights of Pythias, I. 0. Foresters, and A. 0. Foresters. George Mitchell George ^litchell, a well-to-do farmer, of Concession 4, Lot 4, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1842, and is a son of Daniel and Sarah (Dunmiitt) Mitchell, also natives of Devonshire. The father was a farmer, and died in hi.s native land. Six of his eleven children are living at the present time — James, Robert, Samuel, Alfred, Joel and George. The latter was reared on his father's farm, in England, and followed the occupation of agriculture until his removal to Canada in 1866. He took passage at Liverpool and landed at New York City, from which place he came directly to London, Canada, and hired out as a day laborer on a fann. At the end of one year he abandoned this work and began learning the brick and stonemason's trade, and after serving an apprenticeship, followed this occupation for about ten years. In 1875 he purchased and located on the farm where he now lives, and has made some valuable improvements. In LSTo his mar- riage with Miss Eleanor Hale was celebrated. She was born in the County of Middlesex, on the farm now owned by her husband, and is the mother of two children — Richard L. and Anna L. Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell are members of the Methodi.st Church, Lieutenant- COLONEL James Moffat. .Tames Moffat, Lieutenatit-Colonel, and late Brigade Major of No. 1 District, of Ontario, is one of the old residents of London, and for almost forty-five years he has been prominently identified with its interests. He was born in Lanark, Scotland, and is the son of James and Eachel (Harrower) Moll'at. He received a Iibe''al business educa- cation in his youth, and spent his early life on a farm. In 1841 he immigrated to New York, where he remained for a time ; thence to. Lockport, and, in 1845, to London, where he has since made his home. He was a member of tlie Ti 'vn Council of London at an early day, and, in 1860, he was elected Mayor. While the Prince of Wales was \isiting in Canada, the Colowel had the honor of presenting His Royal Highness with the address on chat memoi-able occasion. Colonel Motfat has been much interested in educational mattei's, and for several years. »as a member of the School Board, and served as Chairman. He has. 930 HISTORY OF THE always, while occupying official positions, been a fiiithful and con- sistent guardian of the city's interests. After a few years' residence in London, Colonel Moffat went to Montreal, and received instructions in military drill, in connection with the 47th Iiegiment. In 185(i lie raised a Highland Company. In 1862 he was gazetted Brigade Major, and, in 1872, Lieutenant-Colonel, since which time he has been engaged in superintending and inspecting military in the First District. He received his degrees of Master Ma.son in Lanark, Scotland, in 1S41, and after coining to London, he affiliated with St. John's, No. 201), and, in 1 S55, after having filled subordinate offices, was made VVorsliipful Master, and again in 18G7. In 185(j he was elected by the Grand Lodge, Grand Senior Warden, and, two years later, District Deputy Grand Master of the London District. In 1871 he was made Worshipful Master of Tuscan Lodge, Xo. 19r>, and in 1879 and 1880 he held the position of Deputy Grand Master; in 1881 he was elected Grand Master. In the same year, while on a visit to Scotland, St. Clair Lodge, No. 34'J, of Edinburgh, and St. George's, No. 333, Glasgow, held crowded meetings in his honor, and both elected him an honorary member. In Capitulary Masonry, Colonel Moffat has filled the various offices, including First Principal. He received his degree in 1854 in St. .John's Chapter, No. 3. In 1858 he became a member of liichard Cceur de Lion t'oni- mandery, and occupied several subordinate positi(jns. He was elected Eminent Commander in 1865, and the same year he was appointed Grand Registrar of the Grand Conclave ; in 1868, First Captain ; in 1878, Grand Vice-Chancellor, and to the same office in 1881. In 1870, on the establishment of Huron Conclave, he becjxme a member of the Constantino Order of England, and was appointed Eusebius, or Viceroy, which office he held until 1872, when he was unanimously elected Most Puissant Sovereign. In 1868 he petitioned for and re- ceived the degi'ee of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Kite, u]) to and including the Rose Croix, 18", of London, and in 1871 went to Detroit and took the remaining degree of the Scottish Rite. In 188."), while in Scotland, he took the degree of the Royal Order of Scotland. In attempting a detailed account of the CJireer, or review even passingly his official and public life, or to speak at length of his characteristics and his many social traits, would be impossible in the space allotted in this work. In every walk of life he lias proven him- self a man of unbending honor and incorruptible honesty, generous in his feelings and dignified in his manhood, worthy as a citizen, and true and faithful as a friend. Colonel Mollat has been twice married, first in New York, in 1843, to Miss Su.sanna Cox, a native of England : siie died in 1881. To this marriage were born eight children, six now living. He selected for liis present wife. Miss Helen Wallace Pedeii, a native of Galston, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and a descendant of Ale.xander Peden, one of the most celebrated of Scotch Covetianter worthies, whose memory is cherished with reverence tiiroughout the country. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, George Monaghan. 931 In mentioning within these pages the Monaghan family as early settlers, reference should be made to James Monaghan, whose residence within this community dates from the year 1819. He was born in Leitrim County, Irel.and, in the year 1781, and when eleven yefvrs old immigrated with an uncle, Patrick Monaghan, to America, settling first in Cherry Valley, N. Y., at the head of the Susquehanna River. Here he married Miss Jemima Eaton when he was twenty-seven years old, and lived, following agi'icultural pursuits, until the spring of 1819, when he came to Canada and worked one season near St. Thomas. His family then consisted of a wife and seven children, and with them he settled on a farm in London Township, January 20, 1820, and pur- sued his peaceful avocation until his death, at the age of 87 years. The mother died at the age of 77 years. Their family consisted of eleven children — Esther (who mairied .lohn Duncan, is now a widow residing in Illinois), Ann (the wife of Archibald Hryce), Phoebe (who married James TofHemire), John (who died at the age of thirty-three years), James (now living in Adair County, Iowa), George, Eliakim, Jemima (wife of Charles C. Brown, of British Columbia), William (who died at the age of fourteen years), Sarah (who died in infancy), and Uri (the la.st and youngest child). George is the sixth child and third son, and was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., Aiigust 13, 1817, and came with his parents to Canada in 1819. He was reared on a farm, and after attaining his majority, became a farm hand, working during the summer months, aTid thus saved means with which to go to school. After acquiring a good education he began teaching school, which occupation he followed for fifteen years, also keeping an hotel during this time. December 17, 1849, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Dayton, who was born in Ancaster, Canada. Mr. Monaghan served in the Militia during the Rebellion of 1837, and throughout his long and useful career has fully merited the esteem with which he is regarded by all who know him. ROBERT R. G. Montgomery. llobert R. G. Montgomery, a well-known citizen of Delaware, was born in Gosport Barracks, Hampshire, England, August 7, 1819, and is the eldest son of Captain George and Maria (Rutherford) Montgomery. The Captain entered the Royal Military Academy of Woolwich as a eadetin 1790; appointed an ensign in the' 20th Regiment in 1799; served in Holland, under command of the Duke of York, in 1799 ; served in the Kingdom of Naples with the army under command of Sir James Craig, in 180G ; served in Calabria, Battle of Maida with the army under command of Sir John Stuart, in 1806 ; promoted to a Heutenancy in the same corps in 1801; appointed aide-de-camp to 932 HISTORY OF THE Major- General Hull in 1801, and served four years on that g(MieraI officer's staff; ])romoted to a company in the 18th Koyal Irisli, July, 180 he came to London, and two years later built the distillery that so long bore his nd a iition y for ivvice Ireiice ii\ lie kvheii ji, and Delias la. In Walter H. Moorhouse, M. B., L. E. S. & L. R. C. P., Edinburgh, was born in the Township of Eupheniia, County of Lambton, June 12, 1843. His father, Joseph Moorhouse, was born in the County of Wexford, Ireland, and came with his father, Thomas Moorhouse, to Canada in 1820. The Moorhouse family, like all other adherents to the Protestant faith, suffered severely, both personally and financially, during the Irish Rebellion. In consequence of this, Thomas de- tennined that he would take his family and go where they could enjoy their religious opinions unmolested. Accordingly, though at a great sacrifice of landed property, as soon as peace was restored he immi- grated to Canada. Joseph Moorhouse took a very active part in sup- pressing the Canadian Rebellion of 1837, and for services rendered was raised to the rank of Captain. He died in 1851. His wife, Mary Backus, was the daughter of the late Stephen Backus, of Tyrconnell, one of the earliest and best-known pioneers of Elgin County, having located there very shortly after the founding of that settlement by Colonel Talbot in 1801. She became the mother of five children, three of whom are still living, Joseph, the youngest, being a clergy- man of the Church of England in the Diocese of Huron. Dr. Moor- house spent his boyhood in Elgin County under the tutelage of the Rev. Henry Holland, B.A., of Queen's College, Cambridge (late of St Catherine's), and sub,sequently studied with the late Rev. John Kennedy, B. A., of Adelaide. His medical education was obtained at Trinity Medical College, Toronto, where he graduated. The following 934 HISTOKY OF THE year he spent in the European Hospitals, princij tally in London and Edinburgh. After taking his degrees he returned to Canada, and in the winter of 1875 settled in London, where he is now in the enjoy- ment of a large and lucrative jtractice. He is a thorough student, and his adaptability for the jxisition of family physician has won for him a reputation much more than local. He, conjointly with J)r. Fraser, holds the chair of Principles and Practice of Medicine in the Medical Department of the Western University, located in London. In 1871 he married Miss Margaret Webster, daughter of the Itev. Dr. Webster, Newbury, County of Middlesex, a jirominent clergyman of the Methotlist Church, and one of the oldest now living in Ontiirio. He is also one of the few pioneers in the settlement of the County of Middlesex who now survive, having come thither in 18l!l, when a lad of only ten years, and continued a constant resident until 1840. His father, Robert Webster, a Lieutenant in the Militia, settled on tlie north half of I^t No. 7 of the Third Concession of London, in ISIH. Dr. Webster is, therefore, familiar with the early settlement of the county, and has always taken a warm interest in its development and prosperity. He entered the ministry in 1S38, and continued in the active work until 1869. In l8(iG he returned to Middlesex County and settled in Newburj', where he has ever since resided. In 1833 he married Mary Bailey, the daughter of another Middlesex pioneer, the liev. John Bailey, a union which lasted nearly fifty-five years, and was severed by Mrs. Webster's death in November, 1888, He was the proprietor and editor of the Canada Cht'istian Advocate for a great number of years, and he also contributed largely to the current literature of the county for the last fifty years, Ijeing the author of several books. His " Early Scenes in Canadian Life " ran throu','h a series of years in the New Dominion Monthly, and he has furnished a number of historical papers for several American encyclopedias and reviews. Rev. John P. Morden. Rev. John P. Morden is a native of the township in which he now resides ; his birth occurring on the 14th of February, 1830, and is a son of John and Mary A. (Parkinson) Mordeii. The mother was a sister of Major Parkinson, and was born in Seaford, County Down, Ireland. Her family, which consisted of herself and two brothers, Thomas and James, were early immigrants to Canada, and were sniong the early settlers of Middlesex County. Her brother, Thomas Parkin- son, was one of the oldest Masons in the country; he joined the order in 1813 in the town of Seaforth, and died near Brockway, Michi- gan, in his 95th year. The Morden family are of English descent, the great grandparent, Ralph Morden, having immigrated from his native land to the United States about 1775 ; was married in New Jersey, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 935 and at the breaking out of the Revohitionary war in the United States, they came to Canada as Ixjyalists, and settled near Hamilton. In IS 19 they located in Middlesex County. The grandfather, John Morden, had eight sous, who settled in the county, and at one time there was a community known as the " Mordens." They took up land from the Government as U. E. Ix)yalists, and the grandfather's death occuiTed at Lambeth. John and Mary Morden became the parents of nine child- ren, six of whom are now living — John P., Eobert (residing in Iowa), Jane, Mary, Hannah, and Eliza. Those deceased are, Ann, Ellen, and Margaret. The father died in 1855 ; his widow dying in Jantiary, 188stinmtifm of his fellow-nuMi. He was horn in tin- County of TiiUMM-iiry, Ireiiiiid, in 1832, his jmrents, Patrick and Ivathcrino (llomi) O'Mcara, bfinf» also natives of tho " Knierahl Isle." They woro farmers throujjhout hft;, and became the parents of nine chihlren ; and in 1847, thinking,' tiiey could better th((ir condition, came to Canada, where they resided until their respective deaths. Stephen is their seventh child, and luitil nbout fifteen /ears of a<,'e resided in his native county, and after coniiiij,' to Canada assisted his father on the farm. He was subs(Miueutly en},'aged in constructin;.' a j,Mavel road in Huron County, and with other jmrties had a contract for constructing' six miles of the Grand Trunk l{ailway between Port Huron and Detroit. In LS.Sl he was nominated by the voters of the Second Ward to the City ( ouncil, and was also elected Alderman, a jtosition he has filled continuously up to the present time, with tiie exception of one year, when he refused to serve. He has always been imbued with an earnest desire to do his best in all his nndertakini^s, and that he has been successful is shown by the resjiect and esteem in which he is held by all who know him. In l.SliU he was married to Miss Mary Loughncn, who was also born in Ireland, and their union has been blessed in the birth of six children — Patrick, Mary, Katie, -lohn, Maigaret and Ellis. J. D. O'Neil, V.S. To establish a good rejnitation and to secure success in life, it is necessary to be possessed of merit, energy and deternrination, and Dr. O'Neil may be truly said to jiossess these retjuisites. Tho family was first rejiresented in Middlesex County by the great-grandfather O'Neil, who settled with his family in this township. His son, William, became the father of Henry D., the father of .1. D. O'Neil, who.se name heads this sketch. Henry D. O'Neil was l)orn in London Township in 182.!, and was reared to manhood on a farm. He became promi- nently connected with the county and held the position of reeve, and was a member of the County (.'ouncil for twelve successive years, and is now residing on the farm on which his ancestors settled on first coming to the country. He was married to ]\Iiss Elizabeth Deacon, also one of the representatives of the pioneer families of the country, and J. D. O'Neil is their second child, in a family of seven children. He was reared to a farm life, but also prepared himself for teaching school, which he followed for some time. Having formed a tasta for veterinary surgery, he began studying that profession, and afterwards entered the Ontario Veteiinary College, of Toronto, from which insti- tution he graduated in 1. He commenced practicing in Lontlon, and gives his attention to healing all domestic animals. He is con- sidered a skillful and able practitioner, and am be thoroughly relied upon in cases of emergency. He has spared no pains to become pro- fif^iont in hii lesnlt.s in di interest he ha Fsi's, and he ssion, and bonds all his ener<>iofl to attain fjood ivsult.s in dinioult casos. Much credit should bo jjivcn hini for tiie interest ho has takun in iniportinj» tl'.orouj^hbred horsoa for stock y>ur- jiosca, and ho has d( iic more than liis share in raising tho standard (if hoisos throughout Liiis section, and his infirmary and stables are viiv coinploto and worthy tho inspection of every horse owner in the country. In 1870 he married Miss Sarah Jane, daughter of Edward Hoiijjons. She was born in Middlesex County, and became tho mother of four children — Katie, Clara, Harry and Ernest. The latter ig dt'ccaMMl, his l)ein<; tlie tirst deatli in the family for many years. Dr. O'Neil is a member of the A. F. & A. M., and I. 0. of Foresters. John W. Orme. John W. Orme, editor of T}w, Enterin'lse, which was estivblished in 1SS3, and is a weekly ))ai)er, published every Thursday, is a native of Lfiiidou Tiiwnsliip, Midillcsex County, and was born June 10, 1S57. His ])arents, Thomas and Maria (Huf^hesj Orme, were born in Ireland, and in their early yotith came to Canada when the country was a vast wilderness. They had a family of five sous and three daughters, of wlioni our subject is the youngest. He received a good education (luring his youth, and in 1S77 established himself in the mercantile busini'.ss which he successfully carried on for five years, since which tinic he has been engaged in conducting the above-named pai)er. In May, 187S. he was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Hodgins. a daughter of William Hodgins. (See sketch of Charles C. Hodgins.) Mr. und Mrs. Orme have a family of three sons and two daughters, and are adherents of the Methodist and English Churches respectively. In politics Mr. Orme is Conservative. Doctor Oronhya tekha . Permanent success in any calling in life is always regulated by well-known law.s, dependent upon natural causes, and no one can hoi)e to secure a lasting reputation for success without merit. That Dr. Oronhyatekha has made himself eminently successful in his profes- sional career, nearly twenty years' constant ])ractice abundantly testi- k% and this is amply corroborated by his fellow brethren, and the jiosition which he occupies in the city of his adoption. He was born in Brant County, Ont., on the Six Nations' Indian Reservation, August 10, 1841, and is a son of a full-blooded Mohawk Indian, who removed from New York State shortly after the Hevolutionary War, and settleil at the above-mentioned place. His childhood days were spent among his own people, and at ten years of age he began his English education in the Indian Industrial School near Brantford, established 954 IIISTOHY OF THE for the training of young Indians. He remained here fonr and a-lialf years, and was taugl": the shoemaker's trade in addition to tlie riidi- nients of English. H„ then left home and went to the Weslevau Academy, at VVilbraham, Mass. Here he sui)])orted himself wiiile pursuing his studies, and during the last year at the Academy he re- ceived the ma.ximum number of marks in all his classes. At the end of two years he returned to his home, taught school among the Indians for a year, and then entered the preparatory department of K(!nvon College, at (Jambier, Ohio. In this institution he succeeded in taking the two years' preparatory course in one, and matriculated into college at the end of tiie first year, where he remained as a .student three years. He afterwarils studied at Toronto University, ajid was also for some time a student at St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford IJniversity, ]'>nglaiul. When the Prince of Wales visited Canada in 18(10, Oronliyatekiia was selected by the chiefs of the Six Nations to present an address to the son of their " Great Mother." It was owing to the impression he made on this occasion that he received the invitation to go to Oxford to continue his studies. On his arrival at that ancient seat of learn- ing he was placed under the care of Dr. Acland, the I'rince's physician and Kegius Professor of Medicine in Oxford University. He began his career as a j)hysician at Frankford, Canada, where he soon acquired a large j^'actice, and at the organization of the Hastings County Medical Association was elected its first secretary, a post which he held until he removed to Stratford. On his leaving Frankford, he was presented by his friends with an address and a gold watch. During his residence in Stratford he took a prominent part in jiolitics, and in 1(S72 took the stump for the Conservative candidate, and by his organizing powers secured the success of his party and the defeat of the sitting member. Shortly afterwards he was appointed Consulting Physician to the Mohawk Indians on the Bay of Quinte, but resigned the position in 1874. One year later he took up his abode in London, Canada, where he resided and practiced his profession till within a few months ago, when in the interests of the Independent Order of Foresters, of which he is the head, he removed to Toronto. He was, on I is re- moval to London, ajipointed Consulting Physician to the Oneida Indians, a post which he still holds, in addition to an extensive practice. Dr. Oronhyatekha was married to Miss Ellen Hill, of the Mohawk tribe, a great grand-daughter of the celebrated ]\Iohawk chief Captain Joseph Brant. They have a son and daughter, the son being named Acland, after his father's old friend and tutor, Di'. Acland, of Oxford, and is a student in Queen's University. The Doctor is a true Indian, and is very proud of his race. He has never allowed his connection with his tribe to be impaired, and at home in his own family the Mohawk language is always used. The Doctor was elected President of the Grand Council of Chiefs of Canada in 1874. The Canadian Indians are thoroughly loyal, and Dr. Oronhyatekha, while in Toronto y u University, University Kaid of 18G team from Cf tion with G that period h times, and is (irand Counc tion to that o He is promi Orange Assoc Imperial Trie addressed a n Kingdom, some days at tlie Imperial . JIason and a Koyal and Or of Foresters 1. one of tlie st: organized, seve foiu' hundred, April last then with all claims ters have not repeatedly elect and at tlie last voted .S2,000 as placed his salai gold watch. After comin tion, and his su( nients haN-e beei of nervous disea reputation of su: followed his pra^ physician; and lie brings a mint ence which othei self of the late thoroughly poste fessionally, but a lias become well This gentlenii lather, Kohinsou COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 955 I University, joined the volunteer force, and was on active duty in the University Eifle Coinjiauy of the Queen's Own durino; tlie Fenian Itaiil of 1866. He was also a member of the first Wimbledon rifle team from Canada, where he won nine ])rizes. The Doctor's connec- tion with Good Teinplary has extended over thirty years. During that period he has been Grand Chief Templar of liis Grand Lodge four times, and is now filling, for the third tune, the post of Kight Worthy Grand (Councillor, the second highest office in the Order, and in addi- tion to that office he is Superintendent of Missions for North America. He is ])roniinently associated with other societies, notably the Loyal Orange Association. He was one of the Canadian delegates to the Imperial Triennial Council when it met in Glasgow, Scotland, and addressed a number of ma.ss meetings in ditferent towns of the United Kingdom. He was made a " 'Prentice Boy " in Derry, and was for some days at Florence Court, as a guest of the Earl of Enniskillen, tlie Imjierial Grand Master of the Order. He is a thirty-third degree Mason and a Past Grand Master General and Grand Lecturer of the Pvoyal and Oriental Masomy. At the head of the Indejiendent Order of Foresters he has, by his energy and perseverance, made that Society one of the strongest in the Dominion of Canada. When it was organized, seven and a-half years ivgo, the membership was less than four hundred, while the debt was over S4,()00. On the first of A])ril la.st there was in the treasury a surjdus over .Slo5,000 in cash, with all claims paid. The members of the Independent Order of Fores- ters have not been slow in recognizing his services. They have repeatedly elected him unanimously to tlie highest office in their gift, and at the last ainiual session of the Supreme Court the representatives voted .S2,000 as some recognition of his services for the past year, and placed his salary at §2,500, besides having given him a magnificent gold watch. After coming to London the doctor at once took a prominent posi- tion, and his success has been assured i'rom the first, for no discourage- ments haN'e been allowed to impede his progress. In the treatment of nervous diseases, and of the throat and lungs, he has built up a reputation of surjirising magnitude, and the pleasant results that have followed his practice warmly testify to his ability and popularity as a physician ; and to his natural qualifications as a medical practitioner lie brings a mind well stored with medical learning, and an experi- ence which others might well desire. A clever student, he avails him- self of the latest and most popular works of medicine, keeping thoro\ighly posted with the progress of this science. Not only pro- fe.ssionally, but as a citizen, in both private and public circles, the doctor has become well and favorably known. Thomas Ore. This gentleman was born in Loudon, Canada, June 6, 1850. His father, Robinson Orr, was born in the County of Armagh, Ireland, and :■' "ml 956 HISTORY OF THE was there reared to manhood. In youth he leanieil the waijL'on- maker's trade, and in 1845 immigrated to Canada and Im.ited at London, wliere he followed his chosen occupation. He married Miss Ann Glass, a daughter of Alatthew Glass, one of the pioneers and prominent men of London Township. To this maniage were born seven children, of whom only Pve are now living — Margaret (wife of William Kooke), Thomas, Mary (wife of William Davis, now living in Michigan), Kachel (wife of Alfred Ban-ett. of Parkhill), and liobinson J. In early life Robinson Orr was prominent in ])olitical matters, and served in the City Council. He took great and active interest in church matters and was a member of the old " Kirk," and the first money paid into the society for the church building was by him. He died in 1872, and his widow followed him on Easter Sunday, 1888. Their son Thomas was reared and educated in London, and is thus wholly a product of home institutions and conditions. He comnienceil his business life as a paper carrier, and steadily arose through all tiie grades of jjromotion, learning in all its multifarious details the practi- cal workings of the printer's art. In liS78 he was appointed to his present position. It is a pleasure of the editor of this volume to testify as to the fitness of Mr. Orr for his position. After niauv months of intimate business relations, the courtesy, urbanity, honesty, intelligence and conscientious care of Mr. Orr have inspired in the entire historic force sentiments of the warmest friendship and the highest respect. It is unusual to find a business man so uniformly aHable and considerate as Mr. Orr. In March, 188('i, he was united in man'iage with Miss Lizzie Bowey, of London, who has presented him with two sons, liobinson T. and James B. Dr. G. F. Palmer. Dr. G. F. Talmer, physician and surgeon, of London, Ontario, was born in India, November 25, 1862, and is the son of Kdward ('. Palmer, a native of England, and a Civil Engineer. The mother, whose maiden name was Georgiana Bucke, was a native of England, and a sister of Dr. Bucke, of London, Ontario. They were the parents of five children. Dr. Palmer being the third son and child. He was reared in India until eight years of age, and then went to England with his parents, living there until he was nineteen years of age, his time being fully occupied in attending school. He then crossed the ocean to America and settled at Montreal, Canada, where he puisued his medical studies, and was graduated from McGill University in 1885. He removed to London, Ontario, in 1887, but previous to this, for two years, he had practiced his profession and met with good suc- cess. He is a close student, a deep thinker and reasoner, and is a young man of unusual promise. He makes a specialty of nervous diseases, being very fortunate in the treatment of the same. ">■ A. Parfi boots, shoes, :;'■",■ son of Thor occupation. Canada, and miole, F. 0. tinued until business, anc ■>■;■' tlie sju'ing of a native of t families of th v. this work. '] ''A tliree sons anc opmions, and 1 Gavin Pai winter, and oiu of Glasgow, S( educated in his fourth son in (Sliaw) Park, U father was a w] to London, whe ;« 1873, Gavi, built up an ei He was marrioi ill-. Park handl( quality of his h; 'i»d sausages of "le equal of any tion for the qual ofthelioyalCJa E. Jones Pari Jiiive, builder at Jreland. The Jat to London, and re "■e'ltsoftheProA lailiamentof Cai COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 957 A. Parfitt. A. Parfitt, mevchaiit at Delaware, and dealer iu dry goods, groceries, boots, shoes, etc., was born in Hampshire, England, in 1S46, and is the son of Thomas and Ann (jMelmouth) I'arfitt, the father a brewer by occupation. In 186r>, the subject of this sketch crossed the ocean to Canada, and located at Delaware, where he engaged clerking for Jiis uncle, F. C. Rogers, who was in business at that ]ilace. Here he con- tinued until 1871, when he purchased the exclusive control of the business, and has since been actively engaged in this occupation, in the spring of 1871 he was united in marriage with Miss H. Lockwood, a native of Delaware, and a descendant of one of the oldest pioneer families of the county, of whom an extensive notice will be given in this work. To Mr. and Mrs. Parfitt have been born four children, three sons and a daughter. Mr. Parfitt is Conservative in his political opinions, and is a member of the Church of England. Gavin Park. Gavin Park, dealer and curer of meats, for both summer and winter, and one of the leading men in his line in the city, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born October 17, 1852. He was reared and educated in his native country, and came here in 1871. He is the fourth son in a family of eight children born to John and Janet (Shaw) Park, both of whom were natives of Lanarkshire, Scotland. The father was a wholesale grocer in his native country, and in 1871 came to London, where he has given special attention to the curing of meats. In 1873, Gavin Park commenced business for him.self, and he has built up an enviable reputation for honesty, care and fair dealing. He was married in 188G to Miss Eva McArthur, a native of Seaforth. Mr. Park handles large quantities of dressed pork, and the superior quality of his hams, breakfiist bacon, both summer and winter cured, and sausages of his own manufacture, lard of his own rendering, are the equal of any to be found in the market, and have a wide reputa- tion for the quality and flavor of the product. Mr. Park is a member of the Eoyal Clan, of A. 0. Foresters and St. Andrew's Society. E. Jones Parke, Q. C. E. Jones Parke, Q. C, London, is the eldest son of the late Thomas Pavke, builder and architect, and native of the County of Wicklow, Ireland. The latter came to Toronto about 1819, and in 1828 came to London, and represented Middlesex County in the two last Parlia- ments of the Province of Upper Canada, and after the union in the I'arliament of Canada. He was Surveyor-Geueral in the Lafontaine- 958 niSTOUV OF THE Baldwin Administration, and in his jjolitioal views was an advanced Liberal, advocating, tlirongh tlie ] press and in Parliament, the introduc- tion of responsible government, mnnicipal institutions, jjublic schools, free grants of land to actual settlers and the secularization of the clergy reserves. He was the editor of the Canada Inquirer and a frequent contributor to other journals. He earnestly su])]iorted Lord Syden- ham's efforts for the union of Upper and Lower Canada, and was largely instrumental in securing the consent of the Upjier Canada Legislatnie to tlie measure, lie died at St. Catherines, January 29, 18()4. His son, E. Jones Parke, was born at York, November 1, l,S2o, and was educated at the London District Grammar School, under Francis H. Wright, M. A., of Trinity College, Dublin, who was head master. He then began the study of law in the office of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir Alexander Cam])bell in Kingston, and afterwards .studied for a year in the office of Hon. John Wilson in London. He was admitted to the Bar in 1847, and began ]iracticing his profession in Woodstock in partnership with the late Thomas Scatcherd, Q. C, M. P., but in 1852 the partnershij) was dissolved and Mr. Parke returned to London, where he has since practiced, residing, since 1858, in the Township of Westminster. For a sliort time he was also in piirtnership with his brother and student, F^dward 1)., who died July 12, 18GS. Another brother, Tlionias Parke, barrister, was distinguish- ed for his high legal and literary attaimnents, and died at the home of F: Jones Parke, July 31, 1885. Mr. Parke was married on the 4th of February, 18()',>, to Mary Helen, a daughter of George South wick, M. D., of St. Thomas, and an €;c-M. P. for the F^ast Riding of F^lgin. Her grandfather, Elias .NFoore, M.P., of the Townshij) of Yarmouth, was a colleague of 'J'liomas Parke in 18;>4 in representing the County of Middlesex. Mr. Parke is solicitor for several large financial institutions, and was one of the ])romoters of, and obtained the charter for, the London & Port Stanley Kailroad, and has been solicitor for the com])any since its incorporation. Fie is also solicitor for the Corporation of the County of Middlesex, having succeeded Judge FZlliot on his elevation to the liench. He was on two occasions appointed Deputy Judge, and acted in this capacity several times during the absence of Judge Small. He is Police Magistrate for the City of London, also holding the office of Vice-President of the Law Association of the county. In politics he is a Liberal. Mr. Parke is senior partner in the firm of Parke & Purdom. Frank Parker. F>ank Parker, Treasurer of Adelaide Township, and a successful farmer, was born in England, March 7, 1845, and is the son of Edwin and Caroline (Cuudick) Parker, both natives of England, born 1821 and 1823 respecti' Adelaide villa smith, for mai County of Lai seven of wlion tioii, and in e fatiier as villa^ and at whicli \ sod on liis pr, wliich consists lueiits in 1885 is entirely due elected Treasur. to the satisfacti( beth Hodgson, i died January 3] 1««9 ; Fred., boi in politics, and ] He is one of the "ot less than 3l« Edward Parn energetic busines, '" 5859. His ft maiden name was ■subject was rearei ''J Canada. He e ;ind subsequently l^i'siness for hiin^ capacity from tini. assumed its presei don- Henotonh fess with the surr best material in tli l.^ajity of his bal circle of customer makes a specialty c has'nade a success «ertion, enterprise "ess of which other- 'ng of mention as a '"'erest in aU e„ter "'"ity and educti <" the London Soi t a 60 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 959 1823 respectively. The family came to Canada about 1855, settled in Adelaide village, and here the father followed his trade, that of black- smith, for many years. He is still living, and is a resident of the County of Lambton. Frank Parker is the second of eight children, seven of whom are now living. He received a good practical educa- tion, and in early life learned the blacksmith trade, succeeding his fatiier as village blacksmith, which trade; he carried on for eleven years, and at which he was very successful. In IS 77 he began tilling the soil on his present farm, which is located at Adelaide Village, and which consists of 200 acres of well-improved land. He made improve- ments in 1885 at a cost of not less than .^3,000, and his success in life is entirely due to his own energy and enterprise. In 1881 he was elected Treasurer of Adelaide Township, and now holds that position to the satisfaction of all concerned. In 1868 he married Miss EUza- beth Hodgson, who was born in Westminster Township in 1844, and died January 31, 1889, and who bore him three children — Annie, born 18G9 ; Fred., born 1879, and Maude, born 1882. Mr. Parker is Liberal in politics, and he and wife are members of the Church of England. He is one of the prominent men of Adelaide Township, and is worth not less than S15,000. Edward Parnell, Jr. Edward Parnell, jr., proprietor of St. James's Park Bakeiy, and an energetic business man of London, Ont, was born in Dover, England, in 1859. His father, Edward Parnell, sr., and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary A. Furner, were both of English birth. Our subject was reared in England until 1808, when the family immigrated to Canada. He early became acquainted with the bakery business, and subsequently gave it his whole attention. In 1882 he commenced business for himself on a small scale, and has since increased his capacity from time to time as trade demanded, until his business has assumed its present proportion, and is the largCvSt in this line in Lon- don. He not only has a large city trade, but does an extensive busi- ness with the surrounding towns in the country. He uses only the best material in the manufacture of his production, and, as a result, the quality of his baking has gained for him the confidence of a large circle of customfvs^ and his trade is a steadily increasing one. He makes a specialty of Vienna bread, and is the only one in the city who has made a success of that branch of the trade. As a result of his own exertion, enterprise and ability, he has laid the foundation of a busi- ness of which others may well be envious. Mr. Parnell is also deserv- ing of mention as a public spirited citizen, having always taken a deep interest in all enterprises tending toward the advancement of his com- munity and educational mattei's, being at the present time a member of the London South School Board. In 1880 he contested for the eo 960 HISTORY OF THE reeveship against Eeeve Coughlin, a veteran in political niatters, siud waa defeated, though by a small majority. In 187H, Mr. I'anicU mar- ried Miss Jane llarwood, a native of riymoiith. Five children have been born to them — Matilda, Frederick, William, Ethel, and Pearl. Mr, Parnell is a member of the Sons of England, and the Koyal Arcanum. E. Parsons. E. Parsons, one of the well-known and enterprising citizens of the Third Concession of Delaware Township, is a son of ThoTuas and Aim Parsons, E, Parsons was born hi Union, Canada, June 1, 1855. His parents were both natives of Devonshire, England, and came to Canada about thirty-eight yefirs ago. They landed at St. Thomas, but moved from there to Delaware Township in I8t.)2. Their son, E. Parsons, was reared in Delaware Township, and was there married to Miss Jane McFarlane, a native of Delaware Township, in 1.S75. This union has been blessed by the birth of five interesting children, all boys. In 1877, ^Ir. Parsons purchased his present farm, which consists of .'300 acres of excellent land, Third and Fourth Concessions, and the same year moved on his property. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is Conservative in politics. Elnathan Parsons. Elnathan Parsons, a builder by trade, was born in Devonshire, Eng- land, in February, 1857, and is a son of Elnathan and Grace (Trick) Parsons, who were of English birth, the father having been a shoe- maker by trade. Our subject resided in his native land until 18(39, when he immigrated to Canada, and, in 1871, commenced woikiiig at the bricklayer's trade, and subsequently became a partner of James S. Luney, which connection existed until 1888, since which time Mr. Parsons has conducted the business for himself. He is one of the most skillful and experienced builders in Ontario, and his ability and workmanship in the construction of the finest and most difficult build- ings in the city are in constant demand. In company with Mr. Lmiey he constructed the following buildings : — Knox Church ; Reid Broliiers' building; bu.siness houses of Robinson & Little, liurns & tlreeii, Struthers & Anderson, and A. E. Pavey & Co. ; Granite Pdock, York street; Collins' Hall, London West; Hamilton Road Public School building; residence of George C. Gibbons. On his own account lie constructed the following ; — London West Schoolhouse addition ; changes and improvements in the hotel building, corner of Talbot and Carling streets ; and is at present at work on ^lasuret's fine residence, and on an addition to the Street Car stables. He also conducts a COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 961 liiikory, which is thoroii<,'hly equipped with all necessary appliances, ami the quality of his product will equal that of any similar establish- ment of the kind iji Ontario. This business has been conducted under his mana<;ement for five years with very satisfactory results. In March, lcS77, Mr. Parsons was married to Mr. Sarah Secconibe, daugh- ter of the late Richard Seccombe. She was born in Devonshire, Engliind, and by Mr. Parsons is the mother of three children — AUxnt E. E., Frank S., and Alice Maud Mary. Mr. Parsons's property has been acquired by his own exertions, and he is one of the wide-awake and enterprising business men of the city. Abram Patrick. Abrara Patrick, farmer at Lambeth, is a descendant of one of the oldest families in the Townshij), and the son of Abraham Patrick, who was born in Schoharie County, New York. In LS09 the father came to Westminster Township, traveling through from Niagara. At that time there was nothing but an Indian trail, and he swam rivers and creeks, frequently mired his horse, and had a very tedious journey. He arrived finally at Byron, where he found Archie McMillan keeping a tavern, and a few other old settlers engaged in diii'erent occupations. He went to Col. Talbot and told him that he wanted some land. The Colonel said he had no land for him. ^Ir. Patrick replied that he had plenty. Col. Talbot then laughed, and asked him where he wanted his land. Mr, Patrick selected Lot 71, Range 4. He then returned to Niagara, where he had left his family, consisting of his wife, Lucy Guernsey, and twelve children — Betsy, Polly, Hannah, John, Richard, Peter, George, Lucinda, Susan, David, Abram and James. He then returned to Westminster Township in 1811 and settled on his land, consisting of 200 acres. The North Talbot was then a blind trail, and Mr. Patrick cut the road out from Lambeth to Byron. He was the third settler near Lambeth. He was in the war of 1812, and left his wife with her little children. On one occasion Mrs. Patrick went after the cows, and found a big Indian driving her cows up the creek. She promptly turned them towards home to the great sm'priso of the In- dian, who, however, did not molest her. That night he killed two cows for a neighbor. After the war, Mr. Patrick cleared his land, and built up a home in the wilderness. He went to mill at Delaware later, but when first coming to the country he pounded his corn in a mortar. Mr. Patrick was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and his house was often used as a meeting-house. He was a great hunter, and killed a great many wild animals. He lived to be eighty-three years of age. His wife lived be 101 years ten months and twenty- two days old. Their son, Abr: ,i Patrick, was born in 181'J on the old homestead, where he still resuies. He grew to manhood in the wilder- ness, and early learned the tise of the gun and ax. The early settlers ; II. !■ !!i 9G2 HISTOUV OF TEIE were little given to style, but they were kind and hospitable. They spun their own cloth for their clothing, and altluiugh they were not blessed with the luxuries of to-day, they were contented and \m])])y. Mv. Patrick married Miss Sarah Vail, daughter of Stephen and Katie (Jones) Vail, and to this union were born nine children — George N., Ezra, Matilda, Malinda, Maggie, James, Rose, Hiram, Lanie. "After marriage, Mr. Patrick settled down on the old homestead, where he has always lived. He has witnessed the wonderful improvement of the Townshij), and takes an active part in the same. He was ciiUed out in the Canadian Kebellion, is a Reformer in politics and a man of liberal views on all subjects of importance. He is a member of the Methodist Church. John Patrick. John Patrick is prominent among the successful agriculturists of the county, and among those deserving special recognition for their long residence in this county, being a member of one of the earliest families. He is the son of Abraham and Lucy (Guernsey) Patrick, whose sketch appears in that of David and Abram Patrick. John Patrick was born in Schoharie, New York, in 1807, and came with his parents to Canada in 1811. He grew up in the wilderness, and was early inured to hard labor. He was very fond of hunting, was a first-class shot, and at one time killed a deer and very large bear the same day. He married Miss Roxanna Thorp, daughter of Ransom and Huldah (Brunsom) Thorp. The Thorps were from New York State. To Mr. and Mrs. Patrick were born ten children — Eva, Ransom, Malissa, George W., John, Cordelia, Samuel, Emily, Mary and James. After marriage Mr. Patrick settled down on his present farm, where he has since remaineil. This farm is situated on Lot 73 west. North Talbot Road. Mr. Patrick has always been a hard-working, industrious citizen, and one of tlie old pioneer citizens who are now so rapidly passing away. He has reared a large family of children, and says that the ])resent generation can hardly realize the hardships and privations endured by the early settlers. They often suffered for food, and had the game not been so plentiful, they would have suffered much more. The old scttlei's made moccasins of deer skin, and clothing also of skins, which the Indians generally dressed. According to Mr. Patrick, a Scotchman and trader named Peter McGi'egor built the first log house in London, on the corner where the American Hotel now stands. DAVID Patrick. David Patrick is a descendant of one of the oldest pioneer ftiniilies of American origin and Irish descent. Abraham Patrick, father of COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 963 IClv the uis itiou kIou, subject, was born in Scliolmrie County, N. Y., on a farm, March 4, 177'), and married Miss I.ucy Guernsey, of New York State. They became the ])arent3 of twelve children — Betsy, Polly, Hannah, John, Kichard, Peter, (leorj^e, Lucinda, Susan, David, Abram and James. Mr. Patrick emif;rate«.l to Niagara in 1809, and there resided for two years. In 1f Ur. James Sewell, as instructor in medicine, and Dr. James Douglass, as instructor in siu'gery. Ho attended lectures for four years, and from lcS-47 to LS-l.S was assistant in the Hospital, and from 184'.! to 1.S50 was assistant in the Asylum. After this he practiced for four years in the County of Beauharuois, and then came to London, where he has since made his home and ])ractice(l the lieal- ing art for over thirty years. It is a conceded fiict that he is one of the leading ])hysicians of the county, and his mind is well stored witli medical lore and an experience which others might well desire. He was married in 180'.) to Miss Julia Keller, of tho County of York, Out., and the following are the children born to their union : — William, Charles. Herbert, Harold and Francis. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. Daniel S. Perrin. 905 Daiii(3l S. Perrin is a wliolesale coiifcctioiuM' and biscuit ])aker. The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of this <;entlenian, a man of recoj^nized worth wluirever known, whose ])resent substantial position in life has been reached entirely tlu'ough his own perseverance ; and the facts connected with his operation and thcsir results freely show what a jjcrson of determination and courage can accomplish. Mis father, Lemuel I'errin, was a native of New York State, and a blacksmith by occupation. He immigrated from his native state to Canada, and for a time lived in (Jrafton, near Cobourg. He married Miss Ruth Eastman, a most estimable woman, whose life wa.s devoted to making home liapjjy. In 18.">4 they changcid their resi- dence to London, and were nmabered among the earliest settlers of the city. Here tlie father followed for a time his chosen calling, but subsequently abandoned it and turned his attention to the bakery busines.s, having received a contract for su])]ilying the troops that were stationed at that ]ilace with bread. He had a large and successful business in this lino. He was a man of strong will, indomitable energy and perseverance, and few obstacles were too difficult for him to overcome. He at one time owned property which included the north-west corner of Talbot and Dundas street, on which were seven buildings, and his bakery, which consisted of four large ovens. These buildings were all destroyed by fire, on which there was no insurance, entailing a loss of the accumulations of his life, and reju'e.sented by years of toil and anxiety. Mr. Perrin did not wait for the ashes to cool, but with the assistance of a detail of soldiers from the garrison he had the debris removed antl a temporary building erected, so that the following day he could fill his contract for bread. He afterwards recuperated from this loss to meet with a more severe one through en- dorsement for friends. Then it was that the subject of this sketch began to show the metal subsequent years has developed. His early life up to this time had been occupied in assisting his father and brother, who were in business together, and as a conse- quence he was denied the educjitional advantages the older children of the family enjoyed. He at this time assumed the care of the family, which included, besides his parents, his sisters. He opened a con- fectionery and bakery out on the Hamilton road, which was the nucleus of his present business, at first on a small scale, and then adding to it from time to time as his trade demanded. His tireless energy and indomitable pluck constituted his stock-in-trade. He labored faithfully in the exacting duties required to make the business a success, and the increase of trade led to his removal to llichmoud street, and thence to his present place of business. The firm is recog- nized as one of the important industries of the city, and it has con- tributed a full share towards adding to the good name that London enjoys as a business centre and distributing point. Their trade extends 966 HISTORY OF THE from the Eastern rroviiicesi t(t liritisli Columbia, with ii<^('ii('i(',s at Victoria, Winniimj,' and Tort Arthur. Tliey mnploy at times as many as ino individuals. It is not only tho mui;nitud(f of their husiucss which is desorvinj,' of notice, hut the (|uality of the product and the correct jn'iticiples on which business is transacted. Mr. I'errin, not- with,standin<^ his close attention to business, even to its most trivial details, has during hia evenings and leisure hours, devoted his time to reading, taking a full four years' Chatiimiua course, so that he pa.saed an honorable examination and received a diploma for same. Mr. Perrin is married to Miss Lillie, daughter of the late Mrs. (iiven, of the City of London. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SPECIALIST CAT/ff^f^H. DEAFNESS. f^EfJjOVAL OF NASAL GFjOWTHS. ETC. OFFICE HOURS, 11 A.M. TO 4 P.M. Surgery, 354 Dundas St, late Dr. Moore's Office, London. TELEPHONE 376. William Payne. William Payne, manufacturer and dealer in bicycles, in London South, was born in the County of Elgin, September 9, 1843, being a son of Henry Payne, sen., a native of Wiltshire, England ; born in 1812. He carae'to Canada in 1828, and built the first mill in what is now Elgin County. He was maiTied to Miss Mary Kettlewell, a native of Yorkshire, England, who died in 1875, having borne a family of four children, only two of whom are now living — William and Henry, jr. William Payne was reared in the County of Elgin, and worked in his father's mill until 1876, when he came to Middlesex County anc mannfactui until he is ; and can do He makes i sive jirepan increasing li and animals Munro, wiio niece of She —Mary E., ; guard at Lor George V born in Alle; William and liuid. Tlie came to Ame W. Pitt was days were spi farm life to e began learninj followed until pany " j;" 85t 8argoant, and missioned a Li paign, and saw town, William; Oaks, seven da eleven days' fig mouth. In tl ^.000, and was held out three ( to surrender. after three atte attempt was su( their escape in lines at Newbe; hidden during negroes were tl acted as their gi such a journey v '"any times sufll ceived his dLsclij COUNTY OK .MII»ULKSi:X. 967 County and built iv mill, which \w aftcrwiinls sold. In IS7'.) ho b('j,'iin nmnufacturin^' bicydcH, and hi.s bu.siues.s has very lar;,'t;ly incicasi'd, until he is nt)W a leader in his lino of work, bein;^ a skilled nu'chanic, and can do all kinds of voiiairin<,' for the machines he nianufactines. Ho makes a speciidty of tho Sinj^er Cycles, and recently made exteu- sivo )irej)arations for his business, by extendinj,' his wsirerooms and increasing' his stock of j,'oods. He is also expert in mounting lm\ls and animals. September 9, 18t)7, ho was married to Miss Mary Ana Munro, who was born near St. Thomas, in tho County of Elj,'in, a niece of Sheritl' Munro, aJid by her becaiuo the father of three children — Mary K., Norman, anil Alma. The father of William I'ayne was on <,'uard at London Jail during; the Kobellion of 1837. George W. Pitt. lion a in It is a lily lincl and Isex George W. I'itt, watchmaker and jeweler, of London, Out., was born in Alle<,'hany Co., New York, A])ril 19, 18o6, his jiarents beiiij^ William and IJetsey (Vincent) Pitt, both of whom were born in Kn<^- laiid. The father was a farmer by occupation, and at an early day canio to America, settling in York State, Alleghany County. (Jeorge W. Pitt was the ninth in a family of ten children, and his boyhood days were spent on his father's farm. After a time he abandoned farm life to engage in photography, but afterwards ga.o this up and began learning the watchmaker and jeweler's trade, which calling ha followed until the outbreak of the Civil War, and he eidisted in Com- pany " E," 85th New York Volunteer Inft^ntry, and was appointed 4th Sargeant, and served in this capacity until 1863, when he was com- missioned a Lieutenant. His regiment passed through a severe cam- paign, and saw hard service, and partici})ated in the battles of York- town, Williamsburg, Peach Orchard, Cainsville, Savage Station, Fair Oaks, seven days' fight before Kichmond, Malvern Hill, Kingston, the eleven days' fight under Foster in North Carolina, Newburn and Ply- mouth. In the latter engagement the Federal force amounted to 8,000, and was opposed by Hood with 11,000 men. The Uinonists held out three days, but were unable to get supplies, and were forced to surrender. Mr. Pitt was held a prisoner for almost one year, and after three attempts to escape was twice recaptured, but the third attempt was successful, and he, in company with five other men, made their escape in March, 186."), and succeeded in reaching the Union lines at Newborn after travelling thirty-eight nights and remaining hidden during the day time. They thus covered 300 miles. The negroes were their only friends, and supplied them with food and acted as their guides. All the hardships and privations incident to such a journey was experienced by them, as they were barefooted, and many times sutl'eied from hunger and exposure. After Mr. Pitt re- ceived his discharge he returned home and opened a jewelry store in 968 HISTORY OF THE Friendship, N. Y., but afterwards removed to Cuba, of the same State, where he remained three or four years, tlion went to New York City, where he became interested in watchmaking, and was a successful travelUng salesman for two years, or until the death of his employer. In 1876 he came to Canada, and for two years was with H. Davis & Co. He then engaged in business on his own account, and it is not overstating the facts to assert that no man in the Province understands his business more thoroughly or has been more successful for the short tv.ue he has been in business than he. He is a member of the Ilifle Association, ai.d is an expert in the use of that weajjon, having taken several prizes and medals, and is also a member of the I. 0. of Foresters. In 18(19 he was married to Miss Mary L. Grant, of Wells- ville, N. Y., by whom he has two children — Mamie and Maudie. John Pope. John Pope, Treasurer of the City of London, (,'anada, who for thirty- four years has been a resident of Canada, was born in Clapham, near London, December 25, 18;>4, and is a son of John and Ann (Lloyd) Pope, who were natives of County Kent and Shropshire, England, respectively. Tiie former was a farmer and contractor, and he and his wife became the parents of three children, of whom John was the youngest. He was reared in his native county, and received excellent educational advantages ; and at an early day was ajjprenticed as a school teacher in the then Government school system of teaching. In 1854 he immigrated to JMontreal, Canada, having been ajjpointed l)y Bishop Fulford to take charge of the schools of Montreal whicii were connected with the Cathedral, and remained thus employed for five years. He was then appointed by Bi.shop Hellmuth as agent of the Colonial and Continental Church and School Society, and moved to Sherbrooke, Eastern Township, where he lived for five years, after w) !ch he removed to Gasjie, and took charge of their labors in that dist let, continuing there also five years. He then left the Society's work, after receiving an appointment from Bishop Hellmuth to take charge of the Modern Department in Hellmuth College, London. After three years' connection with this institution, he accepted a position with Messrs. Rowland & Jewell, gi'ain dealers, grocers and pork packers, and after remaining three yesirs thus employed lie accepted the position of cashier f( ir Edward Adams & Co , wholesale grocers, and was with this firm nearly nine years. In May, 1(S('S2, lie received the appointment of City Treasurer, the duties of which office he is now discharging. He was married in 1"g the piori '^crouton was I s^," of James a a builder by tn reared under tli a»d after tlie B"tish Army, Jo'' ten years— I, f e was also on Alter coming he ;vent to work at J'hurch, which V Jmiself, and did tje city. Thei 'nan tJiat of Mr "Dited with the ' 7 ^n the same yueen's Avenue oldest members o betn McLaughlin COUNTY OF MIDULK8EX. 993 111 hip. ;cted !U of his uvest ve of \va3 He bauy, lof h6 was blessed in tbc; birth of five cbildreii :— Jiiiie T. (who first ta.irrioil Ciipt. I'uolstdii, of tlic Nl'iid Keginieiit, a son of Sir llicliurd 1). I'liclston, of Enieruld I'luk, Enj^land, by whom slio bucunie tiie mother of one son, Itichard J.; after her husband's death she wedded Dr. Henry Hainson, (a sur<,'eon of tlio IJritish Meilical Stall') ; Mary Caroline (tliu second ilaughter, married Capt. A<^assiz, of the Hiird Welsh Fusiliers) ; .lere- niiah I), (who isdejuity collector of Internal Ilevenue) ; Andrew. I. (who died in 18(5(1), and Henry II. (whose name heads this sketchj. The latter was reared and educated in his native county, and in early life learned the trade of contracitor, but was afterwards ajjpointed first Deputy High Constable and (,'ri(!r for all the courts of Middlesex County, receivinj^ in l!SiS7 the appointment of High Constable, which position he is at present filling. Mr. Schram is a thoroughly intel- ligent ofliecr, antl has a stafl" (jf thoroughly reliable and experienced assistants. He has earned the reputation of a careful, shrewd and painstaking ofKcer, who allows no clew for the working up of a case to escape him. He is a member of the A. F, & A. M., the I. O. of Foresters, of which he is Past-Chief Hanger, and also belongs to the Orangemen. In 1864 he was married to Miss Jane Itobson, a daugh- ter of Robert Robson, who settled on the 12th Concession of London Township in 1820. She was born August itO, 1841, and lias one child, Margaret J. 1'. Schram. SAMUEL SCREATON. Among those who have a well-earned reputation as a builder, being the pioneer iu his line, is the subject of this sketch. Samuel Screaton was born in Leicestershire, England, August, 1811, and is the son of James and Jennie (Hazlewood) Screaton. James Screaton was a builder by trade, m thirtoen oliildrcn, viz.: — Tohii (in postal sorvicc), Archibald, lSiiiniU)l, ('hiirles iiiul lIurlK'rt (Imth Ixiilik'rs), Kdmuiiil,' Jainos, Kliziihcth (now Mrs. C'arles Teale, of Toronto), and Lucy, and four wlu) arc! deceased. In every walk of lift! the cai'eer of Mr, Sitcu- toM hashtuiii above; criticism or reproach. He receives and merits the respect of all who know him. John D. Shahman, John D. Sharnian, the present Assi.stant Postma-stor of London, was born in the County Kildare, Ireland, on the I'Dth December, 1H;!2. His jiarents having' died when he was quite young, he was adopted by his aunt, Mrs. E. Mann, of l)ana<,'her, Ivin^^'s County, his father's .sister, who placed him under the care of ^lessrs. Monek & M(;l)(jnon^h, who kei)t a private academy in that town. He remained under their instructions for five years, and afterwards under a jivivate tutor, Mr. Mahon, jtreparatory to the commencinj,' the study of enyineeiini,' and surveying,', remaining at that jn'ofes.sion from 1848 to IS50. He made up his mind to visit Canada, which he did, sailing on the -ith of .luly, 1850. After a very ]>leasant voyage of seven weeks, he arrived in London on the 28th of September. London had then a ]ioj)ulation of 7,000. After a short season he engaged in the dry goods laisiness, most of which time ho served with the tirm of Lawrason, ( 'liisholm & Co. (late Lawrason & Goodhue), corner of Dundas and Talbot streets, south side. On the 1st of February, 18r)9, Mr. Sliarnian aeeepLed a position as Post-oflice Clerk at London, the late Mr. L. Lawless then being postmaster. In June, 1881, he was apjminted Assistant Post- master, the vacancy liaving been created l\y the su])erannuatiou of Mr. Lawless and the promotion of Mr. R. J. C. Dawson, the assistant, to the postma.ster.shii>. He has been a member of the School Hoard for fifteen years, was elected Chairman in January, 1887, iti which year lie laid the corncsr stone of the Simcoe Street School, a building costing in the neighbor- hood of §40,000. In the years 1870, 1880 and 1881 he reiiresented old No. 7 Ward at the City Council. He also sat as Director of the Western Fair in 1887-8. As a society man he always took an active part, having been initiated as a member of the Masonic fraternity in October, 1856, and is also a memtier and Past Most Wise Sovereign of the A. &. A. Rite, Ro.se Croix Chapter, and is now the jjresent (irand Master of the Lodge of Perfection, and Past Chief Ranger of the Independent Order of Foresters, and Past Master Workman of the London Lodge of the A. O. U. W. On the 24th of October, ISiU, he was married to Sarah A., eldest daughter of the late William Barker, Es(|., London, by whom he has had five children — William, Emma, Annie, Robert and Kate. Mr. and Mrs. Sharraan are members of the Churcli of England, and own a very nice home on Richmond street north. fe Jiimes County Ti Reliecoa (I perary. 'j' ^' occupnt ^'""'ort, ills flood on a i '" IX'M) cat '■iiid reiicli(.(l "t once to I •'"", and ill! chased of u 0" which Wii "xen and .s(ji many yoarn uveiitually si "iidcr his .sly hi.s widow blessetl (heir (deceased ), J, Margjii-et, Jail bottom was vi occupation of a good farm ,, soil a good fai ■"I'l'iii's, althou' iiiid has fill,., of the Oraiig, ""I'ortant oMic members. ()i ^vlio was born pii'minent aia •''•■■ssed in tliu -if- (married tc •'ames MeCnl Henry W., Sai , I>r. Geoige "> Middlesex C •iiiJ Catherine the early .settle ft COUNTY OF MIDPLESFX JAMES C. SHOEBOTTOM. 906 was hnu'.r liViiir- jiited If the ictivc lily in Irei'^" llvaud If the lif the ]")-l, he lavker, Liniua, fof the stveot .Tiuncs ('. Shdeliiittdiii, liiMiitT, of Middlesex County, w;ih horn in County Tipjioiiuy, Iivliuul, Auj,'ust 22, 1827, ami i.s a son of .lohn and JU'liocca (Colbi'it) Shot'liottoiii, wlio wen' also nativi's of County Tip- pciary. The jiatcnial ^^randfatlicr, William Shouhottoni, was a favima' in- occupation, anil died in his native land. The mother's father, .lohn Colbert, also died in Ireland, dolm Shoebottom was reared to man- hood on a farm in Ireland, and was there married to Miss Colbert, and in ISoOcame with her to Canada. They took pa.ssa«,'e at Limerick, and reached Quebec after a nine weeks' ocean voya'^e, and proceeded at once to London. He had (ionsiderable money left on reaching Lon- dun, and immediately invested in lOO acres of land, which ho pur- chased of a man from the United States, payinj^ himS'20() for his tract, on which waa erected a little loj^ cabin. He also bouj^ht a yoke of oxen and .some sheep, ami conunenced his life in the forest, and for many years his ax was in coiLstant use in clearing,' his land. Ho eventually succeed(!d in accomplishinj,' his i)urpose, his farm Incoming, under his skillful mana,uem(-nt, one of the best in the township. Hero he resided until his death, which occurred in January, ISGti, followed l)y his widow's death in January of the following year. Eleven children blessed their union, all of whom lived to maturity — William, Sarah (deceased), John (deceased), Ann, (deceased), Rebecca (doceaseil), VAvm, Margaret, James (',. Tbonuis ('., ^lavy and Lsaac. James ('. Shoe- bottom was reared in London Township, and has always followed tho occupation of farming, at which ho has been quite successful. Ho has a good farm of ^."U acres, which is well improved, and has given his son a good farm. He has always taken a deep interest in educational allairs, although his own early educational advantages were limited, and has fdleil the otlice of School Tru.stee for years. Ho is a member of tlie Orangemen, in which organization ho has held a number of iuijiortant ollices, but of late years has given way for the younger members. October L'O, IS.")2, he was married to jMargaret .McGuilin, who was born in Middlesex Coimty, and is a member of one of the pmminent and early families of tho county, and their union has been bkssiKl in the birth of ten children, eight of whom are living — John M. (married to Sanih A. Shoiibottom), Margaret A., llebecca (wife of James Mc(;unin), Albert (nuirried to Sarah lladkins), William M., Henry W., Sarah M., ami ^Liry H. Dr. George Shoults. Dr. George Shoults, physician and surgeon, at St. John's, was born in Middlesex County, Canada, in ]\Iarch, 1851), and is a son of John and Catherine (Carter) Shoults. The maternal grandfather was one of the early settlers, and was well known throughout Middlesex County, ;t'!i:t= 996 HISTORY OF THE having held various offices of trust therein. The patprnal gi'andfather was one of the first settlers in McGillivray Townsliip, and carried on the nursery business for a number of years ; the old homestead still being known as the liursery farm. He raised the first barn in the township at which whisky was not sup])lied for the friends who assisted him, and throughout life was noted for his strong temperance principles. He was a total abstainer from the use of all intoxicating beverages and tobacco, and throughout his career of 85 years, he never knowingly tasted either of them. He was a member of the Methodist Church, though very tolerant with all who differed from him in religious views. The first Methodist burying ground in the com- munity was on his farm ; he liaving donated the ground for that pur- I)o.se and the erection of a Methodist church. He was well known as a firm opposer of all that was evil, and , promoter of all that was for the honor and glory of the Lord. His son, John, was born in York County, Canada, and for a num- ber of years was engaged in farming, but is now engaged in the grain trtide at Parkhill. He has a family of two sons and tliree daughters, of which Dr. George is the oldest. I^r. George lived on the farm with his parents until he was seven years of age, when they removed to town. After attaining a suitable age he bought grain for his father for two years, and then commenced the study of medicine at Trinity Medical College, Toronto, where he ]nit in three .sessions, and then finished his course of study at the Western Medical School, London. He began to practice medicine at Han-ow, in Essex County, but was burned out in 18(S7, when lie bought out Dr. Bice, of St. Johns, and now of Denver, Colorado. In 1883 he was united in marriage 'o Miss Agnes Thomson, who died three months later, and in 188;") he took as his second wife, ^liss Sarah J, Symons, daughter of the late W.ti. Symons, of London. The doctor and his wife are members of tl.e Methodist Church, and he belongs to the Knights of Pythias, and is at present medical health officer for the Town-ship of London. Joseph Simmons. Joseph Simmons, builder, of London, Out., was born in Devonshire England, March 25, IM')!, his parents, llobert and Bessie (Sta])leton' Sinmaons, being natives of the same place. Joseph Simmons, the fifth of their nine children, was reared in DevoiLshire, and in his early days served a seven years' a])prenticeship at the carpenter's and Ijuikler's trade, becoming thoroughly familiar with all its details. In 1871 he immigrated to ( 'anada, locating in Loudon, but only remained here a short time, when he went to Chicago and spent one winter. He tlieu S27. He was married to a lady by the name of Miss Lewis before he left Dutchess County, N. Y., by wliom he became the father of the follow- ing children: — Jose]ih, Morrice, John, Joel and Josiah, and three daughters. Morrice Simpson, one of the sons, and father of the gentle- man whose name heads this sketch, was born February 26, 1788, and lived with his uncle, William Lewis, after his father moved to I'icton. After reaching manhood he was married to ]Miss Polly Vanvliet, who was born July L'o, 1790. By her he became the father of the follow- ing children: — Melisa, Alniira, Amanda, Lewis, Emiline, (.'atherine, John, Jose])h and Caroline. In 183.") he moved to Westminster Township, where he cleared U]) a heavy timbered farm. Me was a member of the militia, and filled all the ]iositions from a Sergeant to a Cajitam, and took an active part in the war of 1S12. He took a ]iart in the Battles of Lacole Mill and Odell Town, and was taken prisoner by the Americans at Shatigee, but made his escape by being assisted by Lieutenant Itoocli, an American oflicer, who was an old acquaintance;. He was a man much esteemed by those wlio knew him, and died February, 18ii(), at the iige of seventy-tlu'ee years. His son Lewis was born in Oeiell Town, May o, 18Ls, being raised on a farm. At the age of thirty-three years he was married to Miss Abby Young, ilaughter of dohn and Harriet Young, who bore him four cliildren, only two of whom are living — John and Hattie Since 18(32 he and liis family have been residents of Belmont, where they have a good farm, jileasantly situated, Mr. Simp.son has served his Township as Coun- cillor and Deputy-Beeve and lleeve for .several year.s, and held im- portant positions in society. He was appointed Justice of Peace by :iH!;ii 1000 HISTOUY OF THE tlie Ontario Government, but never qualified. He received a limited education, is one of the intelligent and well-informed men of the County, and is Liberal in politics. Although seventy years of age, he has never been sick, and bids fair to spend many more years amonnr his family and friends. William Skinneb. The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of William Skinner, a man of recognized worth wherever known, who.se present substantial position in life has been reached entirely through his own perseverance, and while his nanu^ is never thrust before the public for the purpose of notoriety, it is borne by one whose true worth of character is exceeded by that of no man in the (Mty of London. Mis association with its all'airs dates from LS4'.>, and though his business career has been both honorable and successful, his plain and unassum- ing manner causes him to be silent and reticent concerning his labors. Mr. ISkiinier was born in Crediton, Devonshire, England, October lM , 1828. His father, William Skinner, was born in England, and the mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Woodley, was also a native of England. By their marriage there are two sons living. William, the eldest, and the subject of this sketch, was reared at his birth])lace, and learned the trade of shoemaking in his youth. This he made his princi])al occupation during life, and is a good example of the old ])roverb : " Shoemaker, stick to ycuir last." In 1S4'.', Mr, Skiniier immigrated to Canada, and arrived in London, May 24, of that year, and turned his attention to his chosen calling, which he has conducted with satisfactory results. He built his present building thirty-two years ago, and he has occupied it continuously since. He was married in 1849 to Miss Emma Saunder.s, of Crediton, Devonshire, England, a lady of refined taste and domestic habits, whose life has been devoted in making home hapjiy and attractive. To them have been born seven children, five of wliom are now living — Bessie (now Mrs. Noble, a widow), Olive (now Mrs. Miner, of i3urialo, N. Y.), Ernest E., W'\\- hehnina, and William H. Two are deceased (Lousia, who died in 1877, at the age of nineteen), and Lillia (who was one of the victims of the Victoria disaster, aged seventeen;. In 187<5. Mr. Skinner was selected as a suitable person to represent his ward in tlie City Council, and with the exception of an interval of a little over one year, he has held this position continuously to tlie jiresent time, never suH'ering a defeat. He is at present a member r,i' ( 'onimittee No. 1, and has also serveil in School Board, but resigne.l his ])osition on the Higli School 15oard when elected to the Council the last time. Mr. Skinner is a member of the 1. 0. E., and one of the two uriginal Oddfellows in good stand- in" of London. He is also Past-]\Iaster of St. (Jeorife, No. 4l*, A. F. & A. M., and for the past fourteen years he has Ijeen treasurer ot llio same, ar efficient Barn.' I'ai'is, sal the towns Skuse wa the Provi: on tlie 2ui to Miss J( Nathaniel, cleared th( made all ti one of the and wife w was Ijorn o He secured f'lifiith, da maiTiage, ai sister of Jiis riage^Eddi Skuse foU(,y the iiine tra 'jouglit his J building »to JfU'ge and s furnished st( the Westmii Cathedral. Ma.so„ic frat His judgmen was apj,oiiite of Mrs. Skusi Ellen McAdi) and imniigrat oil tlie 7th Cc ^•I'iflith, sr. (i,r l^t'Volutioii 01 American (hy on the EnglisI spring of 181: after liis son 1 with ]n"s son. COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1001 same, and has been the recipient of a beautiful jewel in honor of his efficient services in this position. Barnabas Skuse. Barnabas Skuse, manufacturer and tlealer in lime, cements, plaster Paris, salt, coal, wood, &c., &c., also one of the prominent farmers of the township, is the son of John and Ann (Jennings) Skuse. John Skuse was born in Ireland, and in I800 came to America, settled in the Province of Ontario, Westminster Township, Middlesex County, on the 2nd Concession, on Lot 41. He was married in his native land to Miss Jennings, who bore him these children — Mary A., Edward, Natlianiel, Eliza, Maggie, Ann, Thomas and Barnabas. Mr. Skuse cleared the land of the heavy timber with which it was covered, and nuade all the improvements. Here he passed his last days. He was one of the county's best citizens, and was a prosperous farmer. He and wife were members of the Church of England. lUirnabas Skuse was born on the old homestead in 184:5, and was reared to farm life. He secured a common school education, and married Miss Hannah (jiiflith, daughter of Nathan Griflith. She died several years after marriage, and Mr. Skuse took for his second wife Miss Anna Griffith, sister of his first wife. Six children were the result of the last mar- riage—Eddie, Eliza, Jane, Harriet, Louise and Lizzie (twins). Mr. Skuse followed farming for some time, and then, in LSGo, engaged in the lime trade until 1868. He then farmed until 1882, after which he bouglit his present farm, on which is a valuable lime quarry and good building stone, which Mr. Skuse disposes of in London, and is doing a large and successful business. He is well known in London, and furnished stone for the first Insane Asylum, for the Kensington Bridge, the Westminster Bridge, for Birrell's wholesale store, and the Catholic Cathedral. Mr. Skuse is a Reformer in politics, is a member of the Ma.sonic fraternity, A. O. U. W., and a member of the Royal Arcanum. His judgment is well respected by the people of the township, and he was appointed Deputy-Reeve for three years. Nathan GrilUth (father of Mrs. Skuse), married Miss Jane McAdam, daughter of John and Ellen McAdam. John McAdam was from the Lowlands of Scotland, and immigrated to London Township, Middlesex County, Out., in 1819, on the 7th (,'oncession. Lot 1:5, and there passed his last days. Nathan (iriflith, sr. (grandfather of Mrs. Skuse), was a soldier in the American Revolution ctn the side of liberty, and received a pen.sion from the American Government. His son was in the battle of Lundy's Lane on the Etigli.sh side, as he had come to Westminster Township in the sju'ing of 1812. Mr. Gi'iflith, sr., resided in Vermont for some years after his son had moved to Canada, but finally took uj) his residence with his son. Nathan Griffith, jr., made the first brickyard in Middle- "! 1002 mSTOUY OF THE sex County. It was on the 1st Concession. Afr. (inflith sold the first In'ick in London, and liis yard was established in Lslt!. William H. Smith. The history of the County of Middlesex, es])ecially that jiart which refers to the City of London, would not be oonii)lete without mention of the name of Hemy A. Smith (deceased), for his connection with its ailairs dates from liS55. His father, Able Smith, was a native of Missisquoi Bay, Canada, and married a Miss Itussel. Their family consisted of iive children, three sons and two daughters, all of whom are deceased. They were named as follows: — llussel, Jane, Charles P., Henry A. and ]\Iary. Tiie eldest son, Russel, died in early life from injuries received in his efforts to save an acquaintance from drowning. The father was a dry goods merchant and his sons were; reared with a mercantile experience. Henry A. Smith was a thorough Canadian in preference and principles. He was born in Vermont, in 1S27, while liis j)arents were temporarily residing in that State, but they returned to Missisciuoi Bay while he was still an infant. In 1854, Charles Smith, an elder brother of Henry A. Smith, came to Lon- don, engaged in the hardware business and established the jivesent houses. He conducted this business succcissfully until 1880, when he retired from the trade. He was one of the organizers of the London Furniture Comi)auy and a large stockholder in the same. He dieil in December, 1882, at the age of fifty-nine years. Henry A. Smith came to Canada in the year 1 H')~t, and was en- gaged in running a line of stages between London and Clinton, and he was also manager of the City Hotel. Later he was engaged in buying grain, and then in the mercantile business at Lucan and Exeter. He subsequently came to Loudon, acce])tod a position in the Custom service, and after remaining thus employed he became coiniectcd with the Inland Ifevenue l)ei)artment from 1877 to 1881, and made his home in Toronto. In lHH'2 he again became interested in the hard- ware V)usiness, and thus remained engagcjd until his i ,ith. He was also Vice-President of the London Furniture Company, anil was jiro- minent in Masonic circles. In 185."> he married Mi.ss L. Hiidcley, and left at his death, which occurred August 2('>, 1888, four chiMrcn, viz. : —Mary C. (wife of R. L. Taylor, i)airister), William H,, Charles II. and Fannie W. \\\ H. Smith was born in London, June 2."!, IS.")?, and has been reared and educated in this city. After attaining a suit- fible age he engaged in mercantile matters, and for years before the death of his father was manager of the business. He married Miss Maggie Clark in 1.S80. She was born in London, Canada, and by her marriage became the mother of one daughter — Ruby ]\Iay. Charles R. Smith, the younger brother, was born in Exeter, in IfSiiO, and, like his brother William H., was reared with a mercantile exjierience. lie married Miss Annie Clark in 188G. She was born in London. COUNTY OF MIPDLKSEX. 1003 Edv/aed Smith. Edward Sinitli, fanner, diover iiiid cattlo dealer, of London, is a son of Sydnio Smith, and fjrandson of Jacob Smith, who was born in Pennsylvania and was of (Jerman stock. He inimi<,'rated to Canada and settled at Little York, near Toronto. He was married three times. His son, Sidnie Smith, was born in I'ennsylvania, and when a young man moved with his ])arents to Canada, and he settled in ( 'ounty Halton, eight miles from Oakville. He was married in Canada to i\liss Sarali .Johnson, daughter of James and Mary (Cram) Johnson, both prominent Pennsylvania people. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith were born five children, who grew to maturity — Cynthia, James, Edward, Cornelia and Sydnie. Mr. Smith was a member of the ^lethodist Church. He was a good, substantial farmer. His son, Edward Smith, was born in the County of Halton in 1.S37, and was but seven years of age when his father died. He received a common school education, and learned farming in early life. He was married at the age of twenty-two, or in 18.")1», to Miss Martha Smith, daughter of Edward and Ann (Early) Smith. Seven children were born to our subject and his wife — Orville E. (deceased), Harry L., Hattie E., Dominia AL, Frederick C, llussel E. and Hoyden B. The son, Orville Yj, was drowned in the Victoria disaster, May 24, l.S!Sl, one of the saddest events that ever befell any countr}'. Orville E. was a young man of but twenty-one years of age. He was a young man of excellent habits, was a member of the ilethodist Church, and was full of life and spirits on this saddest of dtays. He was in the grocery business with his father. Mr. Smith engaged in the cattle iind butchering busi- ness in London in 1855, and remained there until 1864, when he settled on his present farm on the First Concession, Lots 26 and 27, where he has remained ever since, engaged in farming and droving, in which business he has been quite successful. Both lie and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Smith was one of the trustees at the time of the building of the Centre Church, and tilled that jiosition for many years. He is a member of the Independent Order of Oddfellows, and is an active, industrious citizen. William Smith. "William Smith, a member of the plumbing and gas-fitting firm of Smith Brothers, of London, Ont., was born in Toronto, July 27, 1857, and is one of two sons born to William and Margaret (Harding) Smith, who were born in Toronto, Canada, and Dublin, Ireland, respectively. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was reared to his pres- ent business in the employ of the late G. Harding, of Toronto, and is a thorough and practical plumber, conversant with every detail of the business. In 1878 he came to London and worked as a journeyman 1004 HISTOUY OF THE for two years, then eiiga(;eil in business in iiartnership with Jolni Sadler, but owini,' to inii)aired health, Mr. Sniitii was unable tu <^ive the attention to the business that was necessary, and in consetiueiux', suH'ered IVoni the dishonesty of Ids partner, who nusa|)i)rojiriated the funds and left ^Lr. Smith to bear the burdens and responsibilities of his misconduct. Nothing,' daunted, Mr. Smith, with the eneri^jy and and determination that has ever marked his career through life, started in business anew, taking his brother as a ])artner; the firm name being Smith Brotliers, and although their work has only been conducted a short time, they met with most gratifying success. They were adepts in every branch of their business, but made a specialty of the mechani- cal line of plumbing, gas-fitting, and steam heating, and carry an extensive and select stock of chandeliers, sanitary earthen ware, brass goods, iron and lead ]>ii)es, force and lift pumjis, e'?. The rooms will compare very favorably with any similar establishment of the kind in Western Ontario, and the goods have taken many premiums at the Provincial fairs. Mr. Smith has the agency for the "Standard" lager beer machines used by all the leading hotel-keepers of the city, and also sells the "air pressure" pumps, Mr. Smith has been the arclii- tect of his own fortunes, and may justly feel proud of the success his endeavors have met with. In 18S2 he married Miss Margaret Mc- Keuna, who was born in Toronto, and by her has three children — Annie, Eddie, and Hugh. He is a member of the 1. O. O. F., and the Knights of Pythias fraternities. John Smith, who was the junior member of the firm, was also born in Toronto, and from 1881 to 1888 was associated with his brother in business. At the latter date he met with an accident which resulted in his death, and his interest in the business was then paid off to his widow. His wife's maiden name was Ismau Muthart. John Joseph Smith. John Jose])h Smith, fish dealer, of London, was born in Derbyshire, England, at "Elvason Castle," March 27, 1839, his father being John and his grandfather being Joseph Smith. The mother's maiden name was Mary Thomjjson, and h(!r mother lived to the advanced age of 125 years. John Smith was a gardener of wide rejjutation, and was in the emjjloy of Sir Joseph Paxton, and while serving in this ca])acity .set out the trees for the lirst Exposition Grounds in 1851. His mother was one of the most expert lace workers in England. John Joseph Smith, whose name heads this sketch, is the eldest of a family of eight children, and received a liberal education in the National School of Ockbrook, under the care of Master Percival, an instructor of wide re- pute. December 15, 1857, Mr. Smith enlisted in Her Majesty's (Jlinl Infantry, and from Derbyshire went to Ireland, and then sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia. After remaining at the latter place about four COUNTY OF MIDULKSKX, 1005 years he cainn to London, Canadii (in 18G2), and ivmainod in tho sc^r- vice forever fonrteen montlis in Ontario, wlion ho was lionorahly dis- charged by jmrohase. Jle then eiiga<.'(;d in his jn'esent business, and has drawn aronnd him a hirtje and ]iayin},' ]iatronai,'e. He lias liad wi(h; experience as a caterer, and his services in yiuirs past havn often bt!en sohcited wlien occasions of importance demanded skilled assis- tance, and no one in London can excell him in this line. John E. Smyth. To fail to include within the biograjjliical dei)artinent of this work a sketch of the life of Mr. .lohn !>. Smyth, would be to fimit a history of one of London's oldest, most deserving, .and loyal citizens ; a man whose every ellbrt has been of material benefit to the whole section. He was born in Margate, Kent County, England, November 24, 1827. John Smyth, his father, who was known in later years as Captain Smyth, was a native of London, England, and when young entered tlio Jh'itish army, and became connected with the Lst Batt., '.»5th liifle Jh'igade, and served through the Peninsular wars, and participated in that ever memorable battle on which hung the destiny of nations — " Waterloo." He held two medals, one, to which is attaclied twelve clasps, rejiresenting the battles in which he participated, and a special one for the part which he took in tho battle of Waterloo. In 1.S32 he immigrated to the United States and settled in Albany, where he was engaged in business for some time, but afterwards went to New York, where he was engaged in business until 1838, when, owing to the liebellion in Canada, and inspired with a love for the Mother Country, he came to Canada and i)urcliased land, engaging also in mercantile pursuits, continuing the latter occupation until 1842. He had the honor of originating the first IJifle Company in Western ('anaila, and was appointed its commander. He was always noted for being of an ojten and warm-hearted nature, and his good humor seemed inex- haustible. He died on the 4th of August, 1862, aged 76, and was buried with military honors. He left two sons — A. G. ami John 13. The latter accompanied his ftither to Canada, and was there reared to manhood, receiving a thorough mercantile experience in the house of Lawrence Lawrason & Chisholm. After leaving their employ he, in com])any with his brother, engaged in the grocery business in Loudon. In 1861 he was elected a member of the City Council, and served off and on for sixteen years. He has taken a great interest in the West- ern Fair Association, and has served as lOirector, Superintendent of grounds. Secretary and Treasurer. He is also interested in military matters, and holds the honorary rank of Major, being in active .service during the troubles in the North-west. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in 1850 was married to Miss Clarissa Adelia Leonard, a sister of Hon. E. Leonard, of London. She was boru at 1006 IIISTOUY OF THE Lou'i Toiiit, Ciiiiadii, iiiid diwl May 28, 1873, liaviiifr horno thn follow- ing; cliildron: — Jeiiiiio (wife of A. Cillard), .John L., Hiviry C, Jiuiics F., Minnie (wife of Dr. J. S. Edwards), Dolo.ss W., Clara (wife of Caleb Wall), Yrawk and llattie. Albert Smith. Albert Sniilli, a niannfacturer of ci^'ars, atid one of the wide-awake and jirogressive business men (jf London, Ontario, is a native of tlie County of Kent. His father was John 15. Hniith. and his mother's maiden name was Abl)a. Albert spent his early life on a farm, and when younj; became interested in the cij^ar manufacturer'.'^ trade, which lu' learned thoroughly, and first commenced the manufacture of ei^^ars 1oying fifty hands the year round and in bu.sy .sea.sons extra helj). He uses entirely imported material, and makes from twelve to fifteen giades of cigars, nuUving a specialty of the " Green Seal " brand. He also manufactures the " Ked Seal," Medal brand, etc. His trade extends over a large territory, and the ]io])ularity of his jiroductions is due to his enterprise as a business man and his knowledge of the business, which he thoroughly under- .stands in all its details, as well as honorable dealing with all customers. Mr. Smith well merits the success he has attained in his line, and as a pul)lic-spirited man he has done his share in the advancement of all interests and worthy enterprises tending to benefit the place. Joseph Smith. Joseph Smith, a matmfacturer of cigars, of London, Out., is a native of the County of Kent, and is a son of John B. Smith, who with his wife, whose maiden name was Adair, came from the district of Niagara, (jnt. Joseph was reared on a farm, which vocation he followed many years, subsequently abandoning the jiursuit of agriculture for the cigar and tobacco trade. In LS7r' he commenced the manufacture of cigars in his])re.sent location, where he has since conducted the business with signal success. He uses entirely imported tobacco, and the ])roduct of liis factory ranges from the nu'dium to the finest grades, mamifactur- ing nine different grades of cigars. As a result of fair and honoraljle dealing with all men he has s(icured a liberal patronage, and he well merits the success that has attended his efforts. Mr. Smith has done COUNTY OF MIDDLESKX. 1007 liis full slmro in extoiuliiif,' tho ro])utalioti tlmt London onjrys as a iii.inufUcturin},' centro for ci<,'iU's ; it is thu liirgust in tlio I'rovinco, and one of the most extensive in the Dominion. The factory furniahes em])loynient for forty-five hands the year round, and its capacity exceeds that of the Toronto, liajnilton and other manufactories. JOHN W. Smyth. John W. Smyth, marble dealer, is one of the deservedly jropular and succe.ssful business men of London, Ontario, and was born in Barnstable, Devonshire, England, September 1^9, LS28, his parents, .lohn and Mary (Wilkinson) Smyth, being natives of the same place. The father was a builder by occupation and conducted this business for some years, but afterwards became a land steward for Esquire Knight, of Exmere, Somerset. John W. Smyth, our subject, was the eldest of five children, and after attaining a suitable age began working ut the marble cutter's trade, in which he became thoroughly proficient. For some time he had been impressed with the idea that better ojjpor- tunities were to be had in the New World for men of energy and determination to succeed, and accordingly in 1850 immigi-ated to Canada and worked for some time in Brantford and St. Thomas. In 1854 he came to London and established his present business, and as a workman is without a rival in London. He has a natural aptitude for his calling, is a man of wide and various experience, a close observer, and has profited by what he has seen. He is of a genial disposition and is always disposed to look on the bright side of things, rather than to despond when he meets with business reverses. In 1853 he was married to Miss Sarah Minhinnick, a native of Cornwall, England. Their family consists of seven children, whose names are as follows : — Agnes (wife of E. C. Dodd), Frank W., Caroline, Louisa, Ida, Edith and George W. Frank W. is associated with his father in business, is a competent workman, and has a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details. LEMUEL SNELGROVE. Lemuel Snelgrove, a successful agriculturist, now residing on Con- cession 5, Lot 18, was l)orn in Middlesex County, Canada, in 1849, and is the son of William and Ellen (Atkins) Snelgrove, natives of England and Canada, respectively. The father was one of the very earliest settlers of this county. He first purchased lOU acres of land, where the subject of this sketch is now residing, and here he followed fanning the remainder of his days. He died in 1877, and his wife in 1872. Lemuel was one of ten children born to his parents. He was reared in his native county, and January 1"J, 1873, he was united in OS 1008 HISTOKY OF THE iiiaiTiiif,'*) to Miss Elizii Ito^'cvs, wlio wiw Ixini S(!|itoin1)(!r 28, IS,';', ami who is tlu^ diuij^htt'i' of liicliiinl ami Kli/iila'tli UotitTH, both iiiitivc's of Kiigliuid. Hvv iiiiionts were uiirly settlers of Middle.sex (Jonnty, uiid of tile eleven children born to their uiuon all are now livinj,'. Her father died in Kebrnary, 1871. To Mr. and Mrs. Snelj^rove havi- Ihmmi born five children — Stanley, Viola, Fraidc II., Alanson and Sarah K. JJoth Mr. and Mrs. Snel^'rove are ineinlu'rs of the M. H. Chinch, and are excellent citizens. They have an interestinj^ fannly, a jileasant home, and ho is one of the wide-awake farmers of the county. William D. Stanley. William D. Stanley, Clerk of Itiddulph Township and ex-Warden of Middlesex Connty, was l)orn in Biddnliih, County Middlesex, Manli 12, 1m44. His father, Thomas Stanley, left Tijiperary County, Ireland, his native ])lace, in LSoo, and came to Canada, immediately locatiiij^ in IJiddulph Township, where he took up land on Lot lo, 3rd Coiu (.'ssion. He served in the Rebellion in 1837, and in 1840 married Miss Eliza Dobbs, a native of Qnecju's County, Ireland, who came with her ]iarents to Canaila in LS:!."). This union was blessed with six .sons and three dau to Miss Kate McLach- lan, a native of Westminster Town.ship, and to them were b(»rn five children — Bella, Willie, Cassie May (deceased), Archibald, and ( 'larence. Mr. Stewart is Past-Master in the Masonic fraternity, Past-Master of the I. 0. U. ¥., and has been Auditor of the Grand l^odge for five years. John Stephenson. John Stephenson, Manager of the Huron & Middlesex Fire In- surance Com])any, ot Lond(jn, Ontario, was born in the Township of London, August 24, ISol. His j)arents, Adam and Ellen (Elliott) Stephenson, were natives of Cumberland County, Englanil, and immi- grated to Caiiada in the spring of ISo], settling on a fa''m in ^Middlesex County, which occupation the f ''-ei was following at the time of his death in 18.j6, the result oi accident. He left, besides his widow, six children — -IJcssie (since deceased), William (in Calitbrnia), John, Thomas, Mary (wife of Thomas Tomlinson, of County Lambton), and Ellen (wife of Alfred AN'estcott, of Michigan). The father's death left the wide ved mother with a large family to si j)])ort, and now that he could no longer prrtect and ])roviile for his family, it bcjcame neces- sary that other jmn'i.'riions should be nuule. John Stephenson, who was then very young, set bravely to work battling the storms of life, and whatever he could mI to do he did with all his might. He first begaii working on a farm, and his earnings went to help support his bereaved ir.otlier. For years he labored faithfully as a tiller of the soil, and a boy of less determination, or actuated by less noble ])rin- ait in the lJel)ellion ot 1S37, being on C ^ frontier. Mrs. Ann Stringer died March 17, INSS, at the age of ninety years. Of the five children born to Mr. and Mrs. Stringer, Samuel P. is the third in order of birth and the only son. He learned the business of hydraulic engineering in London, England, witli Easton &Ames, and while there worked on the engine for the Crystal Palace, and on the water-works of this firm, wliich is the largest water-work construction in existence. Their trade exteiuls to Egypt and Australia. Mr. Stringer came to the United States in 1 8."i4, worked for a firm iri New York, and was em])loyed by them in New Jersey. Ho was influenced by his national sympathies to leave the States, owing to the feelings against Pingland at the time of the Crimean War, and, being an out-and-out Loyalist, he came to Canada, where he became engaged with a steam-fitting establishment. Later he became connected with the (ireat Western Railway, where he renuiined for over twenty years. Eleven years of that time was spent as engine-fitter, and two years were spent on a loconujtive, having ])reviously spent seven years in learning t\n' Ijusi- ness before entering the service of the Water Commissioners, when; he took charge of the water service on the Sarnia Branch of the London, Hiu'on & l')ruc(! II. li., main line west. In May, 18S7, he accepted his present iiositinu. After leaving tlie emjiloy of the railroad he was tue recipient of a handsome present and addre.":"- from the employes of the road, an unusual course to pursue, Mr. Stringer was elect(!(l as Alderman of old No. 'A Ward in 1877, and after the redivision he was re-elected a meml)er of the present No. 3, holding the seat for nine successive years, cont sting for the election eleven times, and elected ten times. Mr. Stri.iger was married in lSt)2 to Miss K. B. Bedggood, a native of London, Ont. This union resultiul in the birth of two sons and four daughters — Laura, Ernest, Eva, Francis, A<.la a!id Lillic. I KM loi: IIISTOKY OF THE ALEXANDER STUART. Aloxiinder Stuiut, barrister of Glencoo, was born in the Scotch lUook, in tlie County of Halton, Ontario, and is the son of Charles and Hannah (Cani])bcll) Stuart, natives of Scotland and England, res- liectively. Early in the til'ties, they moved to the County of ^liddk'- sex, and about the be^'iiniint; of the year 1.S57 they settled on a bush farm in the 'rownship of ( 'aradoc, where their eldest son, Alexander, grew u]). Being a boy always large and strong, he is seen at the early age of ten years driving a yoke of oxen in the winters with staves to the market, and logs to the mill, and in the summers burning brush, logging, and otherwise assisting his father to cl(>ar his bush farm. Eroin this time he went only a few weeks occasionally to the country scluiol, but his taste for solid reading in the winter evenings, and his interest in ])ublic atfairs had with liim so well supplied tlie place of regular school tuition, that in 1869, on the advice of some of his com- panions who were pursuing an educational career, he tried the exami- nations then going on in Strathroy for teacher's certilicates. Having obtained a certificate, he is found teaching in the public schools of the county, in which he soon obtained some local distinction as aji educator. He afterwards attended the Normal School in Toronto, from which he graduated with a First Class Grade A Certificate in l(S7o. He then took the jiosition of Mathematical Master in Morris- burg High School, and the next year that of English Master in the St. St. Marys Collegiate Institute. While at St. Marys he was appointed a member of the Board anci,s) Sui J-ounty, ()„(a Jand and Irelj ago of eightee J'e was a succ ^^K and die "'. l«7li to Mi ^^ichardson, n; COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1015 ing up tlie soil. He lias 115 acres of land, and has one of the I)est and most ])leasantly sittiated farms in the townshij). His ,1,'reat grand- father was a clergyman of the Oluu'chof Phigland, and immigrated from Sussex to New Hampshire. iNlr. Sumner has in his jwssession a six jioiind iron cannon hall which was fired across the Niagara river from Lewiston to Queenston in the War of 1812, and was pick(;d u]i the next day aftcn' the battle by William Sumner, lM uncle of the subject of tliis sketch. Rev. William Ross Sutherland. Eev. William Koss Sutherland, one of the leading men of the Presbyterian Church, is a native of Scotland, born July I'.t, 1823, and son of Hugh and Janet (Kos.s) Sutherland, both natives of the High- lands of Scotland. The father was born in 1782. and died in Nova Scotia in IS^Ii. He was married in Scotland to Miss Ross, who was born in 1 78 1 and died in 1844. The family immigi'ated to Nova Scotia and settled in Pictou, where their son, William Koss Sutherlaiid, attended the I'ictou Academy, and later the Edinburgh University, and Knox College at Toronto. He was licensed to preach by the Presby- tery of Hamilton in 1847, and in FeijiVary, 1848, he was ordained l)astor of Knox Church, in Ekfrid Township. After being pastor of Knox Church for more than thirty-five years, and having the largest l)astorate in Western Ontario, he resigned his charge in 1884. He was united in marriage, in 1850, to Miss Elizabeth McHean, daughter of Alexander McHean. Mrs. Sutherland died in 1857, leaving three children. In 1859, ]Mr, Sutherland chose for his second wife ]\Iis3 Mary Ann, youngest daughter of Alexander Koss, of Enibro, Ontario. Thirteen children were the result of the second marriage, nine of whom are living — three sons and six daughters. Mr. Sutherland settled where he now lives in 1851, and is the owner of 102 acres of well- improved land. m James F. Sutherland. James F. Sutherland, builder and contractor and dealer in lumber, lime, plaster, &c., at Mount Brydges, and son of William and Jane (Frances) Sutherland, was born in Caradoc Township, Middlesex County, (Ontario, October 2. 1850. The parents were natives of Scot- land and Ireland, respectively. The father can^e to this country at the age of eighteen, located in Caradoc Townshij), where for many j-cars he was a successful tiller of the soil. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in I8(,i8. His son, James F. Sutherland, was married in 187n to ]\[iss Annie Ilichardson, daughter of L. li. and Catherine liichardson, natives of England and Ireland, respectively. Mr. and 1(116 HISTOUY OK TlIK Mrs. Sutliorland arc the ])iirL!iits of two I'liildicn— ]\rabel (Jatliorinc and ^VilliaIn Earle. Mr. yiitherland atliliatcs wiili l!ct(iriii ])arty, and, like many successful business men, lie ha-; civeu but little attention to political matters. He is yet a comparatively yoimu; man, but has suc- ceeded in business to a marked de^^ree. Socially, he is a mend)er oi tiio Masonic fraternity, and he and his estimable lady arj influential mendjers of the rresbvterian ''liurch. Talbot Family. This family originated ]>rior to th(> Norman Conquest, and one of the family, Richard by name, was witness to a grant to the Monks of Casaise in Normany, in the reign of William I. About 1250, (rilbert, who belonged to the .seventh generation of Talbots, was m.'inied to Giindaline, daughter of Khiese A. (irillilh, Prince of Walt's, and assumed the Arms of that Prince, which the family still retain. His son, liichard Talbot, was one of the l^)arons who assisted tla; right of Edward I. over Scotland. Kichard (lilbert was one of the ])rincipal })ersons who assisted Edward in obtaining the Crown of Scot- land in 1332, and was with Edward III. in the exjiedition against Calais. Sir Gilbert Talbot died in 1419. He was first married to Joan, daughter of Thomas Woodstock, l^dce of Ciloncester, who was a son of King Edward 111., and took for his second wife Beatrice, widow of Thomas, Isarl of Arndale, and daughter of John, King of Portugal. John, the brother of Sir Gillx'rL, afterwards became possessed of his estate, and in 1442 was made Earl of Shrewsbury, anS, the title then desciMided to (ieori,'e, fourteenth Eirl. wlio wa.s married to Mary, daujjiter of Thomas, Viscount Fitzwilliam, liy whom he had i.ssue. (Jeor^e, the late Earl was married to EHza, daughter of the late Loi'd Dasnion, and was succeeded Ijy his ne])luiw, Charles, who married the daughter of Iloberl Allwyn, Esi|. His stjcond wife was Mary, dauj^diter of John Martyn Solacre, in Flinlsliire, by whom he became the father of four sons and nine dau!j;hters. His son Francis married Amiie, dau<,diter of Thomas, Earl of Fanconburif, who died without issue, and he took for his seconil wife Mary Frances, only dau;j;liter of W. .Sheldon, Esq , by whom he had one son and five daughters. His dauuliter IJarljara married .lames, Lord Astor of Far- far, Scotland, and Mary, another daughter, wedded Lord Dovenor, July 9, 1749. Henry Talbot, of Ashmore, County of Nottingham, England, was a grandson of John, the first Earl of Slirewsbnry and Earl of VVaterford and Wexford in Ireland, and son of Charles, third son of the Earl ; he was married to Jane, daughter of Edward Hobljs, Esq., of Great BrooTiham, County of Lincoln. To their union were born three sons — Henry (who died unmarried), -Tohn and lulward. The latter was married to Eleanor, daughter of I'hilip CJray liingliton, of the County of Bucks, by whom he had one son and three daughters. He was killed in the war between the houses of York and Lancaster. His son, W., became the father of four sons — William, lliclianl, Wilmot and Gilbert, Sir Richard Kent, of Armston Hall, in .Stafibrdshire, was the second son of William Talbot, and was married to Averine, daughter of Count Harlstet, of the Cade of Luabia, Germany, by whom ho had nine sons, two of whom were killed by the rebels in one of the insur- rections in the reign of Henry VIL ; three more died umnarried, and liichard, the third of the surviving sons, was first married to Elizabeth, daugliter of Thomas Combney, of AVilbrook Kidins, in the County of barrel, by whom he had one son. His second marriage was to Alice, daughter of Mayner Cadville, of the Kingdom of Scotland, and to this union one son and two daughters were born. Thomas, one of the sons of the second marriage, weikled Mary, daughter and sole heir of George Fitzhugli, of Sandwich, Ciuuity of Stalford, In' wliom he h.ad three .sons and one daughter. His son George resided on his grand- father Fitzhugh's estate of .Sandwich, and was marrieil to Joan, daughter of Elias Ludlow, of Fernwood, County of Cheshire, and five sons were born to their marriage. The father, George, became a member of Tarliament for Jamesworth and IJeverley, in Warwickshire. His son, who also bore the name of George, was married to -Foan, daughter of Benjamin Fouctele, of Shrop- P|i| ii I \ 11)18 HISTORY OK TIIK sliire. Ho was a I.ioiitciiiint Colonol in the sorvico of Charles T., and was kilk'd at tlio sioiio of CJIouccstci', leaving tln-oc sons and one dauglitcr. His eldi'st son, George, followed the fortunes of ( 'harles 1 1 , and Henjaniin iind Thomas scdlled in hvland, in County Clare; hut after their resjieetive marriages settled in l.ohain and Clonegan, King's County. The former was married to Susan and the latter to .Mary, daughters of John Large, of County Tiiiperary. Their sister Julia also came to Ireland, and was married to Tliomas Large, Es([. William, son of Benjamin Talbot, was married to ^Lary, daughter of Amos Carr, of Ikllonglnuore, Queen's County, to whom were horn four sons. Their third son, William, was nianieil to Frances, the daughter of W. Smith, of Kilctmnnou, King's Coiinty, and was also blessed with four sons, all of whom are deceased. The second son, Thomas, was married to Hose, eldest daughter of Jacob Roberts, Esq , of Monstrath, Clennole, County Tijijierary, by whom he had one son, William K. Thomas was a num of wealth, and lived the life of a gentleman in his native land. He was a fine English scholar, and served a short time in the British Army. He had one brother, Benjamin, who was in the Royal Irish Artillery, and was killed in battle. In ISli'.), Thomas Talbot immigrated from Ireland to Canada, and jjurchased jmijierty in Avhat was then the village of London, where he resided until his death. He was the father fif two children, a son and daughter — William R. and Elizabeth G. The latter resides in Lambton County. William K. was born in County Ti|>i)erary, Ireland, May 2t), 1811, and there re- ceived excellent educational advantages, being a student in the endowed Collegia of Clonwi-ll, under the noted I'rfif. Eev. Dr. Bell. In January, 18l.'7, he left school, and a few weeks later sailed for Canada, taking passage at Limerick on board the sailing vessel " Peace," of Newcastle. After a voyage of two months he landed at Quebec, and went at once to Ottawa, there being but one house where the city is 1U)W located. On the innth of January he arrived in the City of L(jn- don and bought the homestead, which place he owned up to 1880. When he left the farm he bought land, aiul lived on Lot 18, ord Con- cession of London, for about four years. In IS.'^ he received the commission of ^Magistrate, which ofhce he has since held, being the oldest Magistrate in the county. The country in and about London was in a very jirimitive state at the time of his location. Tea and coffee were the greatest lu.xuries, and it was a serious matter to get a dollar bill changed. Since 1884 he has been been making his home with his son William J., the farm being owned by his son Frederick V. Mr. Tall)ot has been totally blind for eight years, but in body and mind is strong and vigorf)Us, ] assessing a wonderful memory. The genealogy of his family, which is given at the head of this memoir, was copied by him from the records in the City of Dublin, Ireland. He was baptised by Ilev. William Hill, of the established Cliurch of England, while a resident of County Tij-.perary, Ireland, and the year after coining to Canada was married to Mary Fitzgerald, who died on the Sth whom ; ^\'iiliani Augusta •Tohn Hi Towe), a great-gra Charl -Aliddlese: one of t\\ I'iiige of V in Devons 'I'he fathei sjient the find here surgery, h Ur. Wilsoi i'roni whic entered on fixyorable c tainnients, liis i)rofessi George Castle, Scot Scotch and Ireland, and latter early fi period of ( Highlandei's stationed in lor's parents County of M i"g harness- liini to volun stdey, whose liardships, an If-^ss still in Taylor remuii lauds favorab COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1019 the Sth of March, 1884, havin;T borne? a family of ton chililren, eij;ht of whom aro living — Thomas N. (married t(j Esther Fitzgerald, sr.), ^Villiam .1. (tnarrieil to Ksther Fitzgerald, Jr.), Frederick V. (married to Augusta Everett), John II. (residing in Minnesota), Kosanna (wife of John Henry), Margaret (wife of Edward Camjibell), Eliza (wife of John Towe), and Slary (wife of William Howard). Mr. Talbot has fifteen great-grandchildren. Charles S. Tamlin. Charles S. Tamlin, veterinary surgeon of London, and a native of Middlesex County, was born on the U-lth of November, 18G8, being fine of two surviving mend)ers of a family of three, born to the mar- riage of Williain Tamlin and Elizabeth J. Tackal)erry, who were born in Devonshire, England, and Middlesex County, Canada, respectively. The father removed from his native land to Canada in IS.'il, and here sjient the renuundor of his days. He removed to London about 1875, and here Charles S. was educated, and began .studying veterinary .surgery, beginning his preparatory studies under the ])rece]itorship of iJr. Wilson, and afterwards entering the Veterinary College of Toronto, from which institution he was graduated in December 1888. He has (!ntered on the active jn'actice of his profession in London under very favorable circumstances, and owing to his many admirable mental at- tainments, and to his studious habits, bids fair to become eminent in his profession. George Taylor, IIayor. George Taylor, Esq., ]\Iayor of London, Ont., was born in Sterling Castle, Scotland, August (1, 1849 ; is the oldest son of six children, of Scotch and Irish parentage ; his mother being r native of Hillsboro, Ireland, and his father, ]\Ir. James Taylor, of Carthncss, Scotland. The latter early in life enlisted in the Briti.sh Army, leaving the .service after a period of twenty-two years, as sergeant-major of Her Majesty's iKird Highlanders. During this time the regiment was for some years .stationed in Canada, the knowledge of it probably influencing Mr. Tay- lor's parents to return to it, which they did in 1855, settling in the County of Middlesex. After school days, Mr. Taylor connnenced learn- ing harness-making, but the North-west troubles of 870 induced him to volunteer inider the command of General (then Colonel) Wol- seley, whose rajjid march to Winnipeg luider many difiiculties and hardships, and the successful termination of the expedition, is doubt- less still in the minds of most of our readers. On its return, Mr. Taylor remained in the North-west until 1882, judiciously investing in lands favorably situated, which he had the good judgment to dispose of lOliO lllSTOUY OF TIIK when ]mcrs wore at their hi<,'hest ; retnrnii)<4 to Loiuloii in ISSi.', wlu re he hiis since resided, uiid wliere lie liiis ever siiiee lieen ehisidy idi-iiti- lied with tlie interests of the city. In 1.'>n7 he Wiis nominated and elected as alil(!rinan to re]iresent the 4tli Ward in the City Council, and a,L,'uin re-(dec(ed in IHSiS. In i.SN'J he contested a very strong op]iositiou for (he mayoralty, and to the, siii'iirise of many was elected liy the largest majority ever ^^iven miy candidate for this ollice. His well-Unown character, of (he strictest ]irol)i(y and ineorrujitihle honesty, and his shrewd vigilance in <,'uardiiiL; the pulilic interests, was donl'tless the principal cause of his unprc- cedented majority. He combines those .sure elements of success, both in ])ublic anil jirivate life, — clear and deliberate consideraticai, with }irompl and decisive action. HENRY Taylor. Heiu'y Taylor, banker and broker, was born in London, England, October 14, 1rewery & Malting Company in liS85, and a Director of the .same until he resigned in 18.S7. He jiurchased the l>ennet Furni- ture Factory from the Beiinet heirs in 1S84, which was successfully carried on for some time. He was also one of the oi'ganizers of the London & I'etrolea llarrel Comjiany in 18(S0, and retired in 1887. He was a member of the Stevens, Turner & Burns Manufacturing Com- pany for some time, and jilaced the stock of i\w same. He was a Director of the British- American Assurance Company, of Toronto, and assisted in the formation of the Huron & liainbton Mortgage Company, being a Director in the same. He jiurchased the Brant Mortgage of Brantford in 18S(i. Ife negotiated the City of Lon Ion debentures in connection with the Bank of Toronto. He also took an active intere.st in the various oil syndicates of London. He has always manifested an active interest in any enterprise that had for its olijeet the advancement of the city, and, jierhajis, no citizen of London has thus contributed more of his time, energy and means than he. He was Captain of No. 7 Company of 7tli Fusiliers for many years, and took an ncd'vo I8(;;;, i lamily C^'oinpai i'ejaiti .folu I'liiicasli Eliza bed ('laninia hi'Ioiigiiii took it.s J ^vaids I)(j pi'eviousi •U)\n\ Wal tlie Midlj, to follow witli Will lias .since j -^fiss Saral Island, Ne •ii'o .•—Her 1'Jiii faniiJj Lawn." Jixuies Middlesex, ""tl is the natives af I of London, Dominion ( C'anada who tlio eight ch youngest. J J'ai'ents had r ho entered tl iJej'artment ^vhen lie cam '"'s present •'t'ssie ( 'ampii 'I daughter of OOUNTY OK MIDDLKSKX. ni'live intoi't'st in tlio suiiit'. Air. Taylor wns niiirricd Dcccinlicr 2"), ISd:!, Id Miss Charlottt! Tliiiitcr, ;i native ol' hclaiiil. Tliiiy liavn a family cpf tlnvc I'liildri'n — Kdwanl foF the London & I'ctrolca liurrol Coinpany), Sallic, and Fannin (wifi; of .1. tJ. Dawson, ol the Tost OUice Duiiarlnient, antl son of J. K. Dawsijn). JoiiiJ Taylor. .lolin Taylor, nnrscrynian, of London South, wiis l)orn in Lancasti'r, Lancasliiri', England, in ISJ-JIi, iind is tin; second son of Thomas and Klizal)eth Taylor, of Lancaster, He received his education in the (Iranimar ScIkhjI of Lancaster and Tulketli Hall, Preston, the; latter Vudonniti^ to Sir Escot [''leetwood, from whom the town of Fleetwood took its name. InlS;"") lie came, to Canada, and a few years aftca'- wards houj^iit property in the Township of Westminster. He had previously served some tinu) as a Surveyor and Civil Engineer with John Watson, surveyor for the (Jreat Western IJailroad, now called the ^Midland lload. After comin;,' to Middlesex County ho continuoc to follow tlie occupation of surveying for .some; time. In company with William I'ercival he laid out the town of liru.ssels, Ontario, which has since <^rown so rich and ja-osperous. In LS(1-| he was married to Miss Sarah Cr. Minard, dannhter of Samuel Minard, Es([., of Loiii,' Island, New York, then living in Yarmouth, Ontario. Their children are : — Herbert Thomas, Adah Elizabeth, Mary Inez and Sarah Helena. The family reside in London South at their residence, " Evergreen Lawn." James F. Taylor. James F. Taylor, Collector of Customs and lidand llevenuti for Middlesex, was born near the City of London, Ontario, July 18, 1S54, and is the son of William antl Mary Ann (Fei'guson) Taylor, both natives af Ireland. The father was born about IHlli, is now a resident of London, Ontario, and since 1873 has been in the employ of the Dominion (.Government in the Customs Department. He came to Canada when (piite young. The mother was born about ISl'.i, and of the eight children born to lier union with Mr. Taylor, James F. is the youngest. He was educated in the London schools, to which place his parents had removed when he was about twelve years of age. In 1872 he entered the emj)loy of the Dominion Government in the Kevenue Dei)artment iit Lontlon, and there continued until December, 1(S81, when he came to Strathroy, at that time receiving the ajipointment to his present position. He was married on September 4, l»s7iS, to Miss Jessie Camiibell, who was born at Seaforth, Canada, October 14, 1856, a daughter of William and Margaret Campbell. This union resulted IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) "^-.^ ^ ///. ^f /. ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 ;f iiM m 'f: IiM III 22 -U III 1.6 <^* V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 873-4503 ,\ iV «^ \\ <^. . ^O^ ^■»^ 4^^ I '*, % iL* ' £^7 ^ \ 1022 HISTDKY OF TIIK in the birth of four children — Percy (born July 9, 18710, Frances (born Jiuiuary 17, 1881, died September 12, 1884), Eriu (born March 17, 1883) and Fredrica (born June 29, 1880). He is a Conservative in ])olitics, and he and his wife are members of the Church of England. He is one of the most popular men of Strathroy, and is an excellent citizen. John Taylor, Jr. John Taylor, jr., jiroprietor of "Westminster Bakery, was born in the County of York, Canada, February 13, 1851 ; son of Kobert and Ann (Park) Taylor, natives of Bristol, Enf,'land, and Belfast, Ireland, respectively. John Taylor, jr., was the eldest son and third child in a family of nine children. His father and grandfather were bakers, and .lohn, jr., was reared to this business in Weston, Out. In 1874 he came to London, and in 1870 commenced business for himself, at which he has been quite successful, his trade extending all over the city. His bakery is one of the most important in the city, and is sup- plied with all the most improved appliances. He has a large trade, uses only the best grades of flour, and jn'oduces an excellent quality of bread. He is very obliging and pleasant and agreeable in his manner. December 21, 1870, Mr. Taylor married Miss Emma Taylor, a native of I nndon, Out., and the daughter of John Taylor, an early settlor, and for many years a prominent Ijuilder. To Mr. and Mrs. John Taylor, jr., were born six children — William, Emma, Laura, Mabel, Joseph, and James. Mr. Taylor is a member of the Masonic fraternity, a member of the A. O. U. W., and is also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. Richard Thompson. Richard Thompson, one of the old and prominent citizens of Lon- don, and a man much esteemed for his many good qualities, was born in England, January 31, 1817, and is the son of llichard and Anna (Prusii) Thompson, both of English birth. The father was a shoe- maker by trade, and in 1834 immigrated with his family to Canada. He first made his home at St. Davids, but in 1837 lie came to London, where he died in 187"). He left four children, and of the.se the subject of this sketch was the youngest. Previous to coming to Canada Kichard Thompson, jr., commenced his apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade, and finislied the same at St. Davids. He lirst came to London in 18.38, but did not make his home here until 1840. Two years later he commenced business on his own account, was very successful, and subsequently purchased a farm in London Township, where he has spent part of his time. Mr. Thompson's life is a good illustration of tlK infJue first s( welfar in this in teres Uixon, seven c francis don), T decease Will Chester, j the coun ing been ag« the Ji I"sh Jiefc whom Jie iiea (who New ^Vo settled in acres of ], ber of ye; He and m Church, ai ^'anadian J tlie I'ipe ol( son Williiii "'g liis la,st Kichard ace unmarried, were obligei for supplies, Was a com; 'le Jiad cleai William f'ld Jioniestei a wilderness [arm, and s North Dorcl spent three 3 farm now co\ lf''A niarriec I and JOOO, lu TJiomas 64 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1023 of the possibilities of this country for young men without means or influence, but of character mid determination to succeed. From his first settlement here Air. Tiioinpson has takou active interest in the welfare of the city, has represented his Ward in the City Council, and in this capacity made an etHcient and faithful guardian of the city's interest. Mr. Thompson was married in 1841 to Miss Elizabeth Dixon, a native of England, and to them were born nine children, seven of whom are living — Mary J. (now Mrs. Lock, of Nebraska), Francis li. (of Nebraska), John, Elizabeth (now Mrs. Wilson, of Lon- don), Theressa (wife of Charles Sterling), Ellen and Charles. The two deceased were named James 1 ). and Emily. William Thompson. William Thomp-son, a prosperous farmer, residing in North Dor- chester, near Derwent P.O., is one of the oldest tillers of the soil in the county, and is of Irish descent, his father, Arthur Thompson, hav- ing been born in County Fermanagh, Ireland. When sixteen years of age the latter, with his brother llichard, took pait in suppressing the Irish Rebellion, and he (Arthur) afterwards married Sarah Ilea, by whom he became the father of seven children — Elizabeth, James, Jane, Eea (who died in infancy while crossing the ocean on their way to the New World in 1817), Malinda. Arthur and William. The family .settled in London Township, Middlesex County, and entered, 100 acres of land on the Second Concession, where they remained a num- ber of years, and after much labor succeeded in clearing their laud. He and wife, who died about 183;i, were members of the Methodist Church, and he was on duty in the militia at London during the Canadian Ilebellion of 1837, as was also his son James. He lived to the ripe old age of ninety-one years and died at the residence of his son William, where he had spent the declining years of his life, breath- ing his last while peacefully asleej), Sei)tember 20, 1875. His brother Richard accompanied him to Canada, but died a few years afterwards, unmarried. They sullered many of the privations of pioneer life, and were obliged to go a distance of twenty-seven miles to Port Stanley for supplies, a barrel of salt at that time costing $2o. Mr. Thompson was a comfortable farmer, and owned 100 acres of good land, which he had cleared and put in tillable order. William Tliompson, his son, named above, was born on the old homestead in London Town.ship in 1827, and grew to manhood on a wilderness farm. He assisted in clearing the London Township farm, and subseciuently (about the year IHaO) took charge of the North Dorchester homestead, on which his brother James had first spent three years, afterwards returning to London. The Dorchester farm now covers an area of 200 acres. Mr. Thompson on January 23, 1856, married Jane O'Hara, born December 6, 1823, a daughter of Thomas and Ann (Dickson) O'Hara, of Cootehill, County Cavau, Ire- 64 IP 1024 HISTOKY OF THE land, a Moravian family, by wlioin he had five children — Williaii) (born November 7, ISoli), Sarah A. (December 27, ISiJS), James J). (July 15, 1S61), Arthur (.January Ui, 1)S04), and George K. (Septem- ber 5, 186G). Arthur died in London on August L'O, 1881. Wiieii n young woman, Mrs. Thompson came to America, locating in Phila- delphia, Pa., and in 185") became a resident of Canada, and made her home with her uncle, in London, Ontario, who had married Elizabeth, a sister of Mr. Thompson. The latter resided on his jn-csent farm for six years previous to his marriage. He has been a staunch member of the Methodist (I'hurch, which lie joined jirior to his marriage, loyally supporting all denominational enterprises, and was one of the Board of Trustees to erect Salem Church, near Derwent, taking an active interest also in the churches at Belmont and other places on the circuit. He served as Sunday School Superintendent, and was a Public School Trustee for nine years. His sou, William Thompson, jr., has been for some years on the editorial staff of the London Adveiii^er, being in turn City and Agricultural Editor, and married Alice, a daughter of James ^lorgan, of London. She died July 12, 18.S7, leaving one child, William K. [Much of the history of London City in this volume was writ en for the Advertiser by Mr. Thompson, and adapted to this work by ,tie publishers.] William Thomas. William Thomas, contractor and builder, and manuftvcturer of all kinds of doors, blinds, mouldings, etc., of London, has an enviable re- putation as a reliable workman. He was born in London, Ontario, October 20, 1843, and is a son of John and Jane (Harris) Thomas, both natives of Cornwall, England. The father was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and in 1840 immigrated to Canada, settling in London, where he followed his trade until his death in 1857. The mother is still living, and finds a pleasant home in the family of her son. William Thomas was reared and educated in the place of his birth, ami after attaining a suitable age commenced working at the carpenter's trade with his father. For a number of years he was foreman at Broadbent & Overell's, but left their employ in 1881 to engage in busi- ness for himself, in which he has ever since been successfully eiigiigud. His shop is one of the most completely equipped in the city, and he manufactures his own moulding frames, sash, etc., having built a large and increasing trade. ^Ir, Thomas was married in 1804 to Miss Mary Jury, who was born in Cornwall, England. They have one daughter, Clara. Charles H. Thorn. Charles H. Thorn, dealer in hats, caps and furs, is among the many business men of London who are deserving of special mention. He re his hi Jersei and hi both ( countr time \v busines empJo3 errand 1 details c he enga -Addison ^'ebriian ">y:- M'l and furg "laterial, to biisinos secured a integrity i a"d confiti niariiod L) ?f Londoi i-'iedericJc ( I'leniber of f f Sons of Chancellor c t^vo miles fn Mary (Wa^j Ponegal, he jnimigrated t "1 New Yorli f 'ss WaiiJ, V then- marriage to petroit, aiK "nd one child became so ij //etroitandnK J oiinty, and as "e became the »> possession o forced to leave ^osition. In 1881 a resolution was passed requiring the City Engineer to give all his time to the city's interest. Previous to tiiis, Mr. Tracy had had a large partnership in general work in his line. In his ])resent capacity he is the architect of the School Hoard. Mr. Tracy was married in 1. and to his marriage were born six children — Jane, Mary, John, Eliza beth, Robert and Thomas. Mr, Summers settled ou Lot 3G, 1st Con- 1030 HISTOUY OF THE cession, and lived there the reiiiniiider of his days. He died in the year IHaS at the age of 77. Ho was the owner of about 500 acres of land, and was a well-to-do farmer. Mr. Trowbridge was the owner of 200 acres of fine fanning land, wliich he cleared by his dwn individual labor, and was an industrious, hard-working man. He died in 18"_'.S at the age of forty-two years. His son, William Trowbridge, was torn Ajiril 14, I8:i7, on his father's farm, and received a common school education. He assisted his father on the farm until grown, and then married Miss Mary Ni.xon, daughter of James Ni.xou, an old pioneer of the Township. (See sketch of John Nixon.) To Mr. and Mrs, Trowbiidge were born two children — Jane and Mary. After marriage, Mr. Trowbridge and family settled on Lot .">7, and hfis always resided in the immediate vicinity, and is now residing on Lot 35. He has been successfully engaged in farming all his life, and is one of the substantial farmers of the county. He takes great interest in educational work, and has filled the oflice of School Trustee for three years. He has also held other oflices. He has always been a hard- working, industrious citizen, and a pleasant, genial gentleman. He is a Reformer in politics. James Tune & Son. A marked and important industry of the City of London is the manufacture of carbonated beverages, and among those most actively engaged in this branch of commercial trade is the firm of James Tune & Son, proprietors of the London Soda Water Works, The manufac- tory which these gentlemen conduct is well equipped with the most modern and improved machinery, and their product is unsurpassed by any similar manufactory in the Dominion, and embraces the following list of goods : — Ginger ale, champagne crab apple cider, phosphated champagne sherbet, double soda, Buffalo mead, plain soda, standard nerve food, cream soda, lemon soda, sarsaparilla, Georgia mineral water, seltzer water in siphons and St. Leon mineral waters. The business of this firm was first established at Simcoe in 188(1, and in 1883 removed to London, .since which time Mr. Tune has been recognized as one of London's enterprising and successful business men. Their business has been of steady growth, and their success has been largely due to their enterprise and energy, as well as the superior nature of their product, in which both skill and experience have been combined in making ec^ual to the most noted manufactures of the Old Country. The firm give their personal attention to their business, even to the most trivial details, and have built up an enviable name for the honorable methods of conducting their business, and the uniforndy gentlemanly treatment of those with whom they have business inter- course. James Tune, the .seiiior partner and founder of the business, is a native Canadian, and he was born in Brautford, County of Brant, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1031 March 30, 1837. His jtfirents, l>ol)ert and Elizabeth (Dean) Tune, were botli of Eu^'lish birth. Wlieii the father first came to Canada h(f settled in Little York, now Toronto. The subject of this sketch was reared in Canada at the confectionery business, and followed this calling; for fifteen years. He was niamed in 1862 to Miss Sarah Hanibiil<,'e, a native of Canada, to whom were born four son,s — Charles Henry, Georfje Edward, William Alfred and John Albert. Charles Henry, the eldest son, is associated with his father in the business. John Tueneb. John Turner is a carriage manufacturer. The connection of the Turner family with the early hi.story of Middlesex County dates back to a period when the country wns a wilderness, and its white inhabi- tants few and far between. John Turner, the grandfather of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born in County Tipper- ary, Ireland, and was a soldier in the Uritish army and a participant in the battle of Waterloo, which battle will live in history as the over- throw of Napoleon Bonaparte. Mr. Turner was wounded in his right arm at this battle while loading his gun, the shot passing through the elbow and disabling this member for life. In 1818 he came to Canada and settled in London Township, ^liddlesex County, where he spent the remainder of his days. His son Robert was born and rai.sod in this county, and throughout life followed the occupation of agriculture. He was man-ied to Miss Jane Gain, and by her became the father of six children. John, the second child, was born in this county, June 21, 1847, and at an early day began learning the trade which has since received his attention, and at which he is now working. He has always pos.sessed a determination to succeed, and this desire, accom- panied by energy and good judgment, has accomplished the end hoped for. He is at the head of the establishment in which he learned his trade, and no similar enterprise of the kind in the county has earned a more favorable reputation for substantial and graceful work. Mr. Turner is serving his second terra as a member of the Board of Educa- tion. His first wife, whom he married in 1871, and whose name was Christine McKellar, died in 1872, and he afterwards married his present wife, whose maiden name was Annie McMillan. She was tx)ru in the county, and is the mother of five children — Robert C, Henry A., John A., Annie Irene and Ella May. Alexander Tytler. Alexander Tytler, a dealer in gi'oceries and provisions, is one of the most reliable business men of London, Ontario, of which place he has been a resident since 1855. Mr. Tytler was born in Aberdeenshire, io;?i HISTORY OF THE Scotland, May 22, 1833. His father, Alexander Tytler, and his mother whose maiden name was Janet Brook, were both natives of Al)erdi;en- shire. Our subject was reared at his birthplace, and after attaining the age of ten and a-half years commenced an apjjrenticeship at the <»rocery business, serving live years and Ijecoming thoroughly familiar with all the details. He ubseciuently clerked three years in Edin- burgh, and in 185.", as above stated, immigrated to London, Ontario, where he entered the employ of 11. S. Murray, with whom he remained one year. In 18(i.'j he commenced the grocery business in his own name, and is now one of the oldest business men in his line in London. Strict attention to business, pleasant in all his relations with the public, and exact in tlie fulfillment of all representations and jjromises to customers, he has earned and well merits the esteem in which ho is held by all who know him. He has been successful in his business, and enjoys lil)eral patronage. Mr. Tytler was married in 18.59 to Ellen, daughter of James Eraser, of London Township. Mrs. Tytler was born in Scotland, and came to London with her parents when young. This union has been bles.sed with three children, Alexander who married Mary Pratt, James and Margaret. Mr. Tytler is a member of the I. O. 0. ¥,, and in his religious views is a Presbyterian, having lieen a member of St. Andrew's Cliurch thirty-five years. /. /. Uptigrove. J. J. Uptigrove, who is one of the prominent citizens of Delaware Township, was bom in Westminster Township, Middlesex County, Canada, Feb. ], 1839, and is the son of James and Jane (Schram) U])tigrove, both natives of Canada. They were among the earliest settlers of Westminster Townshij), but later, or in 1846, they moved to Delaware Township, and settled on the place now owned by the srbject of this sketch. Here the father received his final summons in 1875 at the age of sixty-seven. His son J. J. remained at home and assisted his father on the farm until twenty-one years of age. In 18(14 he purchased his present farm, which consists of 100 acres on the 4th Concession, and here he has since remained. December 28, 1.S73, he chose for his life's companion Miss Esther Kilbourn, a native of Dela- >vare Township and a daughter of Robert Kilbourn, one of the old pioneers of Delaware Township. Eight children were born to this union, five sons and two daughters now living. Mr. U])tigrove is a member of the Methodist Church, is a Iteformer in politics, and is trustee of the School Board. AARON T. VAIL. Aaron T. Vail, of Delaware Village, one of the old settlers and pioneers of Middlesex County, is a son of the late William and Mary COUNTY OK MIDDLESEX. 1033 (Davis) Vail, and was born in (the then) villaso of Simcoe. Norfolk (.'ounty, Ontario, April 1, 1814. William Vail wa.s born in Nova Scotia, of Eiif^lish jiarentage, and canio to Middlesex ( 'ounty among the first settlers of the same. He served in the militia during the VV^ir of 1812. Mary Davis was born near the City of Hamilton. A family of eleven children was born to them ; the subject of this sketch being the eldest. He had just arrived at manhood when his father died, ami he remained on the homestead (four miles south of Lambeth) with his mother until he was twenty-three years of age. About this time the Bebellion broke out, and he served in the militia as sergeant until peace was restored, after which he followed farming in Westminster Township till 1848, when he ])urchased a farm on the 1st Concession of Delaware Township, where he carried on the manufacturing of brick and tile in connection with his farming operations. Having by close application and fair dealing acquired a competency, he retired from active business, and removed to Delaware village in 1871, where he has since resided. In 1837 he married Miss Susan Warwick, daughter of Andrew and Sarah Warwick, and a native of Yarmouth Township. To tiieni were born seven children, four sons antl three daughters — William L. (farmer of Delaware Township), Harriet M. (of Imlay City, Michigan), George F. (merchant of Melbourne), Ellen M. (wife of U. D. Glerain, of Delaware Village), James (of Dorchester Township), John A. (farmer, of ("aradoc Township), and Emma M. (deceased, who was married to J. S. Ferguson, of London Townshij)). Mrs Vail died in ]8.jS, and in 18(J0 he was again married to Mrs. Elizabeth Bennett, daughter of Alex, and Mahedabel Gunn, who was born in Digby, Nova Scotia. Mr. Vail has always been Conservative in his iwlitioil views, anil both he and Mrs. Vail are respected members of the Methodist Church, he having served many years as Steward in the same. Wilbur R. Vining. Wilbur R. Vining, Treasurer of the London Mutual Fire Insurance Company, was born near Rochester, New York, November 22, 18111, and is the son of Jared and Charlotte (Bodwell) Vining. His fiither was a native of Massachusetts and a farmer by occui)ation, and his mother was born on the line dividing the State of Maine from Lower Canada. In 1820 the family moved from New York State to the County of Oxford, Canada, but two years later removed to Nissouri Township, then in the County of Oxford, but at present time part of the County of Middlesex, where Wilbur R. grew to manhood. He was the eldest son and second child of a family of ten — five sous and five daughters. His youth was spent upon his father's farm, and sub- sequently he learned the carpenter's trade. After a few years he 1034 HISTORY OF THE purchased a ftimi and engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1873, when he abandoned the farm and came to London. As early as 18(51 he had become interested in the London Mutual Fire Insurance Com- pany, was elected Vice-President, and served creditably as such until 1873, when he was elected Treasurer, which responsible position he has since filled with high honor. The steady and pronounced success of the com])any is largely due to his energy, skill and advice. (An account of this company, its development, success and business, will be found on another page of this volume.) Previous to his coming to London he served nine years as Keeve of Nissonri Township ; and as early as 1857 received the appointment of Justice of the Peace, being no\/ one of the oldest magistrates in the county, Since coming to London he has served as a member of the (Jity Council, and has gone high in Masonry, being a Past-Master of St. George's Lodge, No. 42 ; St. George's lloyal Arch Chapter, No. 5, and Richard (Jdur de Lion Commandery. He is a man of unblemished reputation, whose word, where he is known, is as good as a bond. The responsible positions he has so faithfully occupied, and the high esteem in which he is held by all, are sufficient to establish the correct- ness of his habits and his life. In 1854 he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Moloy, a native of Oxford County, and to this union were born three children — two sons and one daughter. Of this family only one — James P). Vining — is now living. His birth occurred in Nissouri Township, Middlesex County, July 9, 1857. He was reared and educated in this county, and passed his early life on the farm. After leaving the farm he became connected with the insurance business, with which he is yet interested. In 1S7'.> he was united in marriage with iliss Margaret Quinn, a native of this city, and three children have blessed this union — Frank W., Winnie and Annie. In 1887 he was elected to the City Council from his Ward, and in 1888 was re-elected, and has served with distinction and to the satisfaction of his constituents — the last year as Chairman of No. 1 Committee. Francis Walden. Francis \\'alden, cheese contractor for the Bin- Cheese Manufactory, was born in Bidduljih Township, Middlesex County, Canada, Septem- ber 14, 1862, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Westman) Walden, natives respectively of Middlesex County, Canada, and County Queens, Ireland. The paternal grandparents were born in Ireland, and after coming to Canada located in London Township, this county, where they followed the lives of agriculturists. The grandfather was a soldier in the Itebellion of 1837. Benjamin Walden has always been a farmer, and i now residing on the old homestead. He became the father of these ■ lildren, nine of whom are living — Ann, Hannah, Frank, Cornelius, Elizabeth, Jane, Harriet, James, Charles, and Ethel. Li shire, and M Breadf Forty, in Stir i'eoma ment u being a Regime a militij breakin quently connuar 1N«4, re model ii Generalf cock's fo j» comn Fenian t Pacific li and a Di and the } Design pany; B penal Oil the Sover Society ; ance Com and is con In 18f tract of c deceased; COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 103.") Francis Walden was educated in the District schools, and was engaged in tilling the soil until the spring of 1, to Janet, daughter of John Machattie, Mana- ger of the Canon Iron Company, of Leith, Scotland ; she died in 1N63, and he was again man'ied, to Laura, daughter of Jacob Hespeler, of Waterloo County, Canada. In 188() he was appointed Kegistrar of the County of Middlesex, which office he now occupies. DOCTOR JOHN Walker. Dr. John Walker, a successful practitioner of Glencoe, was born in the Township of Mosa, August 20, 1854, and his parents, Mitchell and and Harriet (Swartz) Walker, are well known among the residents of that township. Dr. John Walker received a thorough education in tlie Wardsville High School and Hamilton Collegiate Institute, and in 1878 entered the Trinity Medical College of Toronto, graduating therefrom in 1881, having matriculated in medicine in 1877. Immediately following his graduation he located at Shedden, in Elgin County, where he remained for three years. In 1884 he came to Glencoe and established hims«. : in the practice of his profession, at which he has been very successful, having built up a lucrative practice. He is a member of the Ontario Aledical Association, and in 1888 he was elected a member of the Municipal Council of Glencoe. He is a mem- ber of the I. O. O. F., physician of the same, and is also physician of the A. O. U. W., and holds the position of Chief Hanger of I. 0. F. In 1 878 he mamed Miss Catherine Lounsbury, a daughter of the Kev. E. Lounsbury, who was for many years a pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church. This union resulted in the birth of three children Virginia. Washinj brother States. COUNTY OF MIDDI.ESKX. 1037 — two sons and a daughter. Dr. and Mrs. Walker arc worthy mem- bers of the Methodist Church, and have the respect of all who know them. William Walker. Among the important industries of Middlesex County, Canada, worthy of especial mention, is the brick manufactory belonging to the gentleman whose name heads this sketch. He was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in February, 1845, and is a son of John and Margaret (Moore) Walker, natives of County Down, Ireland. The father was a farmer by occupation, and died in his native land in LS5(i. William Walker bade farewell to his native land when about nineteen years of age and took passage to America, landing in New York City, and after- wards came to London, Canada, not knowing a soul in the city. While strolling about the streets, he met Mr. Wade, a brick manufacturer, and hired out to him, remaining in his employ for about eight nKjnths. The following four years were spent in chopping wood in the forests during the winter months, and working in the brickyard during the summer seasons. In 1872 he started a brickyard of his own, which he has since continued to manage quite successfully. He furnished all the face brick for the Military School, and over a million brick for the Masonic Temple, and about the same amount for the High School, of Waterloo street. He employs from twelve to sixteen men through- out the summer, and does a paying business. He owns two valuable farms in the county, both of which he manages in connection with his brickyard. He was married in 1877 to Miss Sarah I. Stevenson, by whom he has two children living — John S. and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Walker are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a member of the Masonic fraternity. William be H. Washington. William de H. Washington, United States Consul at London, is no doubt the youngest representative of the United States in the consular service. He received his present appointment in 1885 from Presi- dent Cleveland, wholly without the assistance of friends of influ- ence with the administration, and entirely upon his own personal application and merit. He stands among the leading young men uf the " Great Republic " now in political life, and has an extremely pro- mising career opening before him. He was born in Hanover County, Virginia, June 29, 1863, and is a son of Lewis and Ella (Bassett) Washington, and grandson of William Augustine Washington, eldest brother of Gen. George Washington, first President of the United States. Lewis Washington, father of William de H. Washington, was 1038 mSTOKY OF THE the first man captured by John Brown, and held as a hostaj^e during his historic insurrection. He died in 1(S71, leaving his widow and his son, William de H. The latter was educated in his native State, and when sixteen years of age began life for himself as a civil engineer, but two years later accepted a position as purchasing agent iu the export lumber business. After filling this position for some tiiue he went to New York (Jity and began directing his attention and time to mechanical inventions, and thus became connected with tiie Atlantic antl Pacific Ship Canal Company, and was thus engaged when he received his appointment as Consul to London, Out. William Watcher. William Watcher is a representative farmer of Middlesex County, and was born in England in 184:1, his father, Kobert Watcher, having been a well-to-do miller of Devonshire, England. The latter was a man well versed in the affairs of his day, and, knowing the advantages olTered to young men in Canada by the Ihitish Government, he assisted three of his sons to come to this country, where the success which attended their labors amply rejiaid him for his eH'orts. Richard, the eldest brother, came first, and settled in Dorchester Township on the Sixth Concession, and began running a blacksmith shoj), which occupation he followed for about ten years. About this time the father sent his other sons, George coming in iHo'.i and settling in Dorchester Township. William came out the following year, when quite young, and was followed by his brother John the next year. William received a common school education in England, and the first three yccars of his life in Canada were spent in the service of Lewis Simpson. He then purchased land on the Third Concession, and was afterwards married to Abigail Vincent, a daughter of Michael and Sarah Vincent, by whom he became the father of nine children — William H., George F., Florence E., Richard M., Mary A., Elizabeth, Alnieda, Emma and Eric L. Mr. Watcher is Independent in politics, but has liberal views ; and has been Deputy-Reeve one year, and a Municipal Councilman for three years. He has ever been interested in the advancement of the schools, and has held the office of School Trustee, but in addition to this is interested iu all enterprises which tend to benefit the county. George Watson. George Watson is a retired architect and builder. In writing a his- tory of the County of Middlesex and the City of London it is essential that the name of Mr. Watson should be given a place among its pages, as he is one of the pioneer citizens, and has by his many admirable 65 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 103V> traits of character won an enviable reputation wherever ho is known. He was born on the estate of Sir Harry Vane Tempest, afterward the Marquis of Londondeny, in the County of Durham, England, January 14, 1812, his fiither, George Watson, being born on the same estate, and his mother at Plymouth, England. George Watson was reared in his native county, and served a regular apprenticeship at the carpen- ter's trade, and after coming to Canada in 18;i3, settled in London and actively pursued his calling until 1855. He was then engaged in business with Samuel Peters, and during the Rebellion of 1837 served in the volunteer corjis. He was a member and Secretary of the first Fire Engine Company in London, and did the first corporation work done in the city. In 1833 he wedded Miss Margaret Tolson, who was born in England, and by her became the father of five sons and two daughters : — (Jeorge lost his life in the American war; Hannah is in St. Ix)uis; Richard in St. Louis ; Isabella is the wife of James Gammock, a prominent jeweler of Port Huron ; John is in London ; and James in Montana. William died in London. Mr. Watson is an honorable and upright man, and commands the respect and esteem of all Peter J. Watt. Peter J. Watt, grocer and wine merchant. One of the most recent acquisitions to the mercantile inter-^sts of London is the house of P. J. Watt, yet he himself is no strui'ger to the citizens of the place, as for years he has made it his home, and as a commercial traveller, sell- ing goods for a wholesale grocery house of Hamilton, he is well and favorably known to the trade. His long experience in this line en- ables him to embark in business under favorable auspices. P. J. Watt is a native of Scotland, and was born October 17, 1852. His father, Peter Watt, and his mother, whose maiden name was Miss Margaret Jamieson, were both of Scotch birth. Peter J. Watt spent his boyhood in assisting on the farm, and in getting a good practical education. When seventeen years of age he immigrated to Canada, and accepted a position in a grocery house for sixteen years. He sold goods on the road, and it is safe to predict that the reputation he secured in this capacity will be substantial in his present position. His natur- ally kind and obliging disposition, and the habits of close attention to business, will secure for him a liberal patronage. His place of business, 131 Dundas street, is one of the old landnuirks of the city, having been occupied by what is known as the New York Store for many years. Under the present management the building has been remodeled and renovated, and is stocked with the best goods in that res})ective line to be had, and sold at prices iis low as can be afforded. Mr. Watt was married in 1877 to Miss Margaret J. Inksou, of Hamilton. They have a family of two children. Jack and Margie. Mr. W^att is a member of the Masonic Order. 06 m il , 3040 HISTORY OF THE • Benjamin V/atterwoeth. Benjamin Watterworth, a prominent and ropiesentative farmer of Mosa Township, is a iiati' e of Middlesex County (what is now Elgin County), bom in Southwold Township, March 8, 1824. His parents, William and Ann (Siddall) Watterworth, were natives of Yorkshire and London, England, resiiectively. In Ls21 they immigrated to Canada, settled in Southwold, where they remained until 1833, when they re- moved to Middlesex County, settling in Mosa Township on the Long- woods Eoad, where they passed the remainder of their days. The father was born in 17cS5, and died August, 1841. He was a physician by profession. The mother was born in 1792 and died 18(i8. William Watterworth served in the Eoyal Navy as surgeon, and was surgeon on board Nelson's flag ship at the battle of Trafalgar, where Nelson was killed, Benjamin Watterworth is the second son and fifth child in a family of ten children — six sons and four daughters. When seventeen years of age his father died, and he remained with his widowed mother, assisting her in the support of the family left de- pendent upon her, until his marriage, and received such educational advantages common to the boys of that period. In (Jctober, 1846, he married Miss Sarah Lumley, a native of Elgin County, Canada, and a daughter of Eufus and Christina (Griffin) Lumley, both natives of Nova Scotia. Following their marriage they located on their farm, which Mr. Watterworth had previously purchased, and on which they still reside. Mr. Watterworth has taken an active part in the political affairs, and has served the Township of Mosa as Assessor, Collector and Reeve, and for sixteen years in the Municipal Council of the Town- ship. In 1888 he was appointed Township Clerk, which office he still holds. He also has been prominently connected with the Mosa Agri- cultural Society, in which he has he'd nearly every official position, and is at present Secretary. He is a Reformer in politics, and he and wife are members of the M. E. Church, by which they are held in high esteem. In 1886, Mr. Watterworth was elected Warden of the County. To Mr. and Mrs. Watterworth have been born nine children — seven sons and two daughters. James E. Wetherell, B.A. James E. Wetherell, B. A., Principal of the Strathroy Collegiate Institue, was born in Port Dalhousie, September 20, 1851, and is the son of James S. and Sarah J. (Hilts) "\\'etherell. The father was born in the northern part of the County of York, Canada, May 22, 1821, and the mother (a sister of the liev. Joseph H. Hilts, a prominent M. E. clergyman, and author of an attractive little volume entitled "Experiences of a Backwoods Preacher") was born in 1827. They now reside at Winnipeg. James E. Wetherell is the second in a family COUNTY 01 MIDDLESEX. 1041 I of thirteen children, eight now living. When he was two years of age his parents removed to Newmarket, County York, and here wer*^ tlie scenes of his early boyhood. After attending the public schools in 18(38, he entered the Newmarket High School, and in ISCH, 70, 71 and 72, was a pupil and also a teacher, being engaged in teaching two or three hours each day. Among his teachers at the Newmarket school were : W. \V. Anderson, now princijial of Hopkins' Academy, at Oakland, Ctvl., and William R. Nason, a medalist of Toronto University. In 1872, Mr. Wetherell entered Toronto University, winning the first general proficiency scholarship, and a scholarship in classics. For six months in the years 1872 and 73, Mr. Wetherell was assistant mast-er in the Weston High School, under John Somerville, B. A. During his second, third and fourth years in college, he won the ciu'^si'^:^ prize and a University scholarship each year, and graduated in 1S77, receiving the first silver medal. The same year he was also awarded the first prize for being the best public speaker in the University. In 1ircbasud tlu; place where he now lives in Delaware Townshij). His farm consists of 150 acres of fine land, on the Third Concession. Mr. Weyler was married in 1.S41 to Miss Itebecca Pittman, a native of Enj^land, Vjorn in Somersetshire, and to them were born two children, both daughters, only one of whom is now living. Mrs. Weyler died November, L876, at the age of sixty-eight years. In ]8."»;5, Mr. Weyler was elected a member of the Township Council, and was re-elected a nund)er of times, serving in all about twelve years. In 185G he was elected to the oftice of Keeve of the Township of Delaware, and served in that capacity eight years. He has also served for more than twenty years as magistrate. He is one of the few remaining old settlers who were witnesses of the gradual growth and development of the country, and who can relate many startling incidents connected with early settle- ment. Mr. Weyler is widely known and enjoys the re.'^pcict and esteem of all who know him. He is Liberal in his political views, and is a member of the Methodist Church. Martin Weyler. Martin Weyler, one of the old settlers and influential citizens of Delaware Township, was born in Wiirtemberg. Germany, October '11, 1822, and is the son of Thomas and Mary (Obergefel) Weyler. The fatlier Wiis a native of Germany, was a shoemaker by trade, and ])assed all his life in his native country. In the year \'S>'u, Martin Weyler left the land of his birth and crossed the ocean to America, landing at New York. He at once proceeded to Canada, and located in Dela- ware Township, where he has an excellent farm of 175 acres. He is engaged in farming and stock raising, and has been quite successful in this occupation, duly 4, 1848, he mamed Miss Mary B. Gluuz, a native of Wiirtemberg, Germany, born in the year 182'.>, and the result of this union was the birth of ten children — four sons and six daugh- ters six, now living — one son and five daughters. Mr. Weyler is Liberal in his political views, and is a worthy and consistent member of the Lutheran Church. Robert White. Robert "Wlxite, a prominent citizen of I'arkhill, and general mer- chant, was born in Huntingdon County, near Montreal, in 1852, and is the youngest child of two (a son and daughter) born to William and Kathcrine (Brecken) White. The father was born in Haddington, Scotland, and in 18;U left his native country and came to Huntingdon County, Canada, where he became a prominent citizen for over thirty COUNTY OF MIDDI-ESi;X. 1043 years. He served as a member of the Council in the Township in wliich he lived, and lie also served as Warden of the county for many years. In l.s:;4 he was nuuiied in Montreal to the mother of our subject, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and when quite young accompanied her parents to New Yorlc. Eobert White attained his growth while livinj,' under the parental roof, receiving,' a limited educa- tion, lie afterwiirds enf,'a<,'ed in af,Ticnltnra) puisuits, and, coming to Parkhill in 1881, along with Peter Lindsay, they established the firm of Lindsay & White. In the month of November, IMSS, the firm was dissolved, and since then tlui business has been carried on by Kobert White. He is a public-spirited man, anil it is due to his energy and enterprise that I'arkiiill was incorporated as a town in 1887. In that year he was elected Ileeve of I'arkhill, which i)osition he held for two years with .satisfaction to all. refusing renomination in IN.S!) on account of his large and increasing business, which requires all his attention. In 1875 he was united in wedlock to Miss Maggie Lindsay, who was born near Montreal, Canada. This marriage has residted iti the birth of three sons and one daughter. Mr. and Mrs. White both belong to the Presbyterian Church, in which the former is an Elder. He is a highly respected citizen, and in 18S5-6 was a member of the Village Council. W. T. T. WILLIAMS. W. T. T. Williams, Chief of Police of the City of London, was born in Cornwall, England, March 13, 1843, and is a son of llichard and Martha (Trounce) Williams, who were also natives of England, the fornier being a Chief Officer of the Coast Guard Service. W. T. T. Williams is the eldest of five children, and his early life was spent in attending school. He subsequently spent throe years as a member of the Life Guards, and from this became connected with the Hamp- shire Constabulary Force, and held the position of District Sergeant, and from here went to the A division of London, and became a member of the Metropolitan Force, where he also held the position of Sergeant. In 1872 he came to Canada, and settled in Toronto, where he joined the Toronto Police Force, and also served as Constable one and a-half years, being afterwards promoted to Sergeant. In 187(! he received very high testimonials from Chief Justice Harrison for the part he took in supjjressing the Catholic riots, and in 1877 was trans- ferred to LondoTi as Chief of Police of that city. He has filled this position very efticiently, and to the entire satisfaction of all, and it is doubtful if there is a city in Canada under better police regulation, or has a more skillfully managed force. Throughout his career as a servant of the people he lias proved a brave and faithful officer, and he has the satisfaction of knowing that his services are fully appreciated by his fellow townsmen. la 1870 he was united in marriage to Miss 1(144 HISTOUY OF Tire Chiirlotto, a dauf^hter of James I>amister, a ])romiiioiit Vc^terinary Surj{0()ti of Enj^laiul, now retired. Mr. ami Mr.s. VVilliaiiis have a family of five! children, whose names are as follows : llichard J., Itosa, Mabel, EcJuh, and Norman Trounce. William Willis. William Willis is a larj^e lumher dealer of London, Ontario. In mentioniii},' the ])roniinent men of the City of London, this work woidd be inconi])lete without a short history of Mr. Willis, whose connection with the ailiiirs of the country dates back to 1820. His father was a native of (.'ounty Armaj^h, Ireland, ajid he was there married to Miss Elizalieth Lindsey, and engaged in farming. About 1820 he became a resident of Canada, and settled on the south half of Lot 14, of the 14th Concession, and there resided until his death in 1851. Only two of his nine children are living — James and William. The ktter was born in County Armagh, Ireland, in ISl'.i, and was reared on a fiirni in Middlesex County. In 1849 he engaged in the lumber business in London, which has received his attention up to the jnesent time, and although he never had any aspirations for public notoriety, yet Ik; is well known throughout the county for his many admirable, as well as social qualities, and commands the njspect and esteem of all who know him. Mr. Willis was married on the 15th of November, 1848, to I\Iiss Sarah Kernohan, who was born in London Township, Middlesex County, Ontario, and by her has a family of six children — Elizabeth (wife of Eobert L. I'eddie), Arthur, Martha J. (wife of Oliver Price), William D., Louisa, and John E. Mr. Willis is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Koyal Arch Chapter, and gives his support to all worthy movements. ISAAC WILLSIE. Isaac Willsie is a descendant of a German family that settled iu Dutchess County, N, Y., prior to the llevolutionary War, and during that conflict were Loyalists, and afterwards came to Canada. Thomcos Willsie (the father of Isaac), and his father, William, came to Canada, and here the former afterwards married Miss Hannah Manning, a daughter of Jacob Manning, by whom he has eight children — Jacob, Susanna, llebecca, Isaac, Mercy, Gabriel, John and William Thomas. They settled in Odelltown, where the father died when about forty years of age, his son Thomas being born on the day of his death. He was an upright and honorable citizen, and was a worthy member of the Metliodi.st Church. Isaac Willsie, son of the above, was born in Odelltown in 1805, was reared to a farm life, and received no educa- tional advantages in his youth, but throughout his long and useful Doct London, 184;}, bej Hannah ^ife was schools, entered ti ceived a t COUNTY OF MIDDLEiSKX. 1045 careor has proved himself to be a man of intolli<»oiice and sound judg- ment. In 1S32 he was wedded to Ehzabeth, a daughter of Warren and Nancy (Fleming) Johnson, and their union has been blessed in the birth of eight children — Nancy A, Kaswell, llhoda, Matilda, Hannah, Lorinda, Mary and Chailotte. Two years after their marriage they left Odelltown, and after a long and tedious journey of one month they settled on a farm on the Fiftli Concession of Westminster, on which he resided for fifty years. In 1884 ho sold his farm and settled in the Village of lielmont, where he now resides. His was one of the pioneer families of Westmin.ster Township. Both Mr. and Mrs. WilLsie were members of the Methodist Churcli, in which he has l)een a class leader for many years. On .hdy 1, 1871, Mrs. Willsie died, since which time the daughters Matilda and Hannah have kept house for their father. Mr. Willsie has always been very industrious, and by his \a\mT9 has accumulated a handsome property, which he can now enjoy during his declining years. William T. Willsie. William T. Willsie is a son of Thomas Willsie (a short history of whom is given in the sketch of Isaac Willsie), and was born March 14, 1815, on the same day his father died. He was reared to a farm life but received but little early education, and in 1845 moved to W^estminster Township. During the Canadian Rebellion of 1837 he served as Sergeant, and particijiated in the two battles at Odelltown, being the owner of a farm of fifty acres near that place. He cleared his farm, to which he afterwards added twenty-five acres, which uocame in time one of the best farms of its size in the county. April 24, 1841, he married Annie, daughter of John and Sarah Force, by whom he became the father of three children — George, Hannah and Elvira. Mr. Willsie has always been noted for his strict integrity, and is honored and esteemed by his friends and acquaintances for his many sterling qualities, find for the interest he has always manifested in enterprises which tend to benefit the county. Doctor J. G. Wilson. Doctor J. G. Wilson, proprietor of the Electropathic Institute of London, Ont., was born in the County of Huntingdon, Canada, in 184-'{, being the youngest of a family of nine children born to Paul and Hannah Wilson, who were natives of England. The Doctor's early life was spent at home on the farm, and in attending the primary schools, where he received excellent instruction. He subsequently entered the Normal School of Toronto, from which institution he re- ceived a certificate to teach, and this occupation received his attention 1046 HISTOUY OF TIIK for six years. Ho tlion embarked in the luinlvvarc biisiiu'sa, wliich occiipiitioii ho followed for four years, and as he had in tho nieantinio become deejily interested in the use of electricity in tho treatment of diseases, ho determined to jjrepare himself for tho jmictice of this s])('cial mode of treatment, and accordinj^ly entered the Electropathic CoUeyo of riiiladolphia, I'enn., from which institution he received a dii)l()ma at the end of two terms. Ho also jjraduated from the Hy^'ieo-Thera]H'Utic Collej^e of New Jersey and the Electropathic School of Ontario, and in addition to his training in these colleges ho has devoted years to the study of the dift'erent systems of medicine, closely observing tiieir elfect in his private practice, as well as in hospitals, dispensaries and other institutions. Ho has thus become eminently fitted for tho re- sponsible position he is at present filling. The Institute, of which he is the head, is situated at .'i20 Dundas St., and embraces the following departments : — The electric surgery and the electric baths, the Turkish bath department, embracing the hot room, mas.sage and showering room, and having connected with it the resting room, the gymnasium and a bedroom for the sick patients, and, lastly, the Molieri- bath department, which is used for the special treatment of chronic diseases, and is acknowledged by all who are versed in medical lore to be a most ellective remedial agent. Tiie Institute is a health resort, and its commodious grounds are liberally patronized Ijy those who wish to try the healing art. Dr. Wilson anil his colleagues are gentlemanly and obliging, and devote their time and attention to their patients. Nicholas Wilson. Mr. Nicholas Wilson, of the Collegiate Institute. It is but stating the general sentiments of the community in which Mr. Wilson has resided for forty- six years, to say that no one man within the limits of the County of Middlesex has done as much for the educational growth, or as given as much of his time and personal attention to the upbuild- ing and development of school facilities in London as he. He was born in County Wicklow, Ireland, March 30, 1827, and is a son of John Wilson, who was a native of the same county, and a clerk of Sessions Court of that county. The mother, whose name was Catherine Meath, was also a native of tho " Emerald Isle," her father being a prominent miller. In 1842 the family immigrated to Canada, and three years later, when Nicholas was under eighteen years of age, he began teaching school, an occupation which has received his atten- tion for forty-two years. His experience is without parallel in West- em Ontario, and it is a noteworthy fact that the most of his time has been spent in pedagoguing in the city where he was raised to maturity, thus refuting the old proverb that " a prophet is not without honor, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1047 excepting in his own country." Not only lias \w c.stnhli.slKul himself finnly in tho cstiniiitiou of sill tia u thoiouj,'h instructor, hut he has also shown lii.s entire fitness for tlio responsihle duties which he is now discharging, and has ever shown himself to be nti indefatigable and tireless worker. On May 24, 1847, he was united in marriage t(j Mi.ss Sarah O'Brien, a native of Wicklow, Ireland, who came with her jiar- ents to Ontario in is:'.i!. Mr. and Mrs. VVilson are the parents of the following children : — William, Edward (the latter in the post^oflice department at Ottawa), Niciiolas (a jirominent business man of Ii<3n- don), Thomas, Harry (a medical student), Kato (now Mrs. Winnett), and Annie. Four children are deceased — Ellen, John, James and Robert. S. W. Wilson. S. W. Wilson is a teacher of piano, organ, voice culture and har- mony, London, Ontario. In the jirogressive age in which we live, musical art has steadily kept ])ace with commercial advancement, and the higher wo are in educational progress, the more we appreciate this accomplishment. Hence it is fit and proper that music, fostered as it has beeti since the early ages, should, in a comprehensive work of this kind, be represented. To attain a high standard in this art requires intelligence, study and practice, as well as a large outlay of tifne and money, before one is thoroughly prepared for the position of instructor of music, and all these requirements are combined in an unusual degree in Mr. Wilson. He was born in Quebec, August 6, 1858, and is the son of Richard Wilson, a Methodist minister, a native of York- shire, England, and who immigrated to Canada in about 1830. The maiden name of the mother was Fidelia Jones. She was born in St. Albans, Vermont., S. W. Wilson, subject of this sketch, in early life manifested a great interest in music, and since fourteen years of age sang in church choirs. After making a choice of the profession as a calling, he availed himself of the best instructors and attended the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, and after finishing his course he returned to Canada and settled in Toronto, where he filled two posi- tions as organist in churches there. In 1887 he was called as organi.?t to St. Andrew's Church in London, and now holds that position. He also gives instruction on the piano, organ and in voice culture and har- mony. As an instructor, Mr. W^ilson has attained a high and well- merited position. As an organist he is always refined and artistic, hia work being characterized by intelligence and musicianship. He has recently received an appointment in Hellmuth College as teacher of the organ, etc. In 1884 he married Mary E. Hambly, daughter of G. C. Hambly, of Toronto. 1048 HISTORY OF THE Dr. John D. Wilson. The short sketch which here appears is that of one of the reliable and deservedly successful physicians of London, and of one whose experience has ])roven him to be well qualified for the profession which he has chosen as his calling through life. He was born in Morpeth, in the County of Kent, Ontario, on the 5th of .Time, 185(S, being a son of William Wilson, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, and came to Canada about the year 1838, his wife, whose maiden name was Matilda Delmage, being also a native of Dublin. The boyhood days of Dr. John D. Wilson were spent in his native county, and he then changed his place of residence to London, where he attended the public schools previous to commencing his medical studies. Having formed a taste for medicine, he entered Trinity College, Toronto, and ap])lied himself diligently and energetically to his studies until his graduation, which occurred in 1882. He soon after entered upon the practice of his profession in London, and subsequently became asso- ciated with Dr. Fraser, with whom he remained connected until 1888, when he went to California, where he remained one year, and returned in the spring of 1889, and has once more resumed the jn'actice of medicine in London. Gifted by nature with a love for his calling, his labors in its practice have given him well deserved prominence among his medical brethren, for he has not rested contented with the learning acquired in jjreparatory study, ^:>ut has continually availed himself of the best opportunities for reaching a higher plane of learning in this direction, being a close student. He avails himself of all the latest and best works relating to his profession, and keeps thoroughly apace with the progress of this science. He was married in 1887 to Miss Flora, a daughter of M. C. Cameron, Esq., of Goderich, Ontario. J. M. Wilson. J. M. Wilson, Clerk of the Market, was born in C.)unty Wicklow Ireland, January 19, 1840, and is the son of John Wilson, who was also a native of the same county in Ireland, and was clerk of one of the courts in the Old Country. The mother, whose maiden name was Miss Catherine Meath, was also born in County Wicklow, Irelaml. and her father was a prominent miller of that county. Of the thirteen children born to Mr. and Mrs. Wilson, J. M. is the tenth, and five are now living. The last-named came with his parents to this country in 1842, and was reared in the cabinet business ; but later entered the employ of the Great Western li. li., where he remained for twenty years. In 1864 he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Allen, a native of Delaware Township, this county, and the daughter of Heiny Allen, who was a successful farmer of that township, and an old settler of the same. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are the parents of six living COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1049 children, Fannie, John, Ettie, Frederick, Josie and Kate. They lost one child, a daughter named Caroline. In 18ermuda, and married Isabella, only child of the Rev. Robert Shaw, of Barnet, Vermont, sometime rector of the Episcopal Church at Cold Spring, on Hudson. They have four children. He is the representative of the Bermuda Woods, descended from Captain Thomas Wood, H. M. C, of Codshall, Somerset, England, a member of the Company of " Adventurers," who early in 1600 made numerous voyages in his ship " Hope Well " to the "Plantations," and afterwards in 1630 settled in Bermuda at Bosco Manor. The family, true to their designation of " Adventurers," in each generation engaging in war or commerce, as best suited the occasion ; at one time ravaging the Spanish Main ; or their vessels in 1052 inSTOliY OF THE I coiTimissioii afjaiiist the in'ivateers of tl>e United States, France and Spain ; at another exchanj^ing the products of this part of the world for the wines of Spain and Portugal from their establishments in Quebec, Newfoundland and several of the West India Islands. In 1861, Mr, Wood, having large interests in the United States which sufl'ered from the Civil War then raging, came to Canada to watch events, and has remained. Benjamin Wood. Benjamin Wood was born on Concession !•, Lot 7, February 25, 1824, being a son of Daniel and Louisa (Sanburii) Wood. The father was born in Long Point, near Niagara, his family originally being residents of England. The grandfather was born in England, atid immigi'ated to the United States over one hundred years ago, where he spent the remainder of his days. He had a brother who was a sea captain, and sailed between Boston and the West India Islands. While on his way back to Boston on one of his voyages, the vessel was boarded by pirates, who murdered the ca|)tain, first mate, and some of the crew. The second mate escaped, and succeeded in cap- tiu'ing the pirates in the hatchway, and took them to Boston, where they were tried, sentenced to be hanged, and executed. The ca{)tain was supposed to be worth about i^l, 500,000, and his money was deposited in the banks of Boston. His heirs have tried several times to secure this money, but hiive always failed, as it is supposed that the jury was bribed. iJaniel Wood came to Middlesex County in 1818, and helped to erect the first log cabin in London. He was a cooper by trade, and was offered his choice of lots in London if he would build a cooper shop. This he did, and worked at his tmde for a num- ber of years ; then bought some property known as the " Old Tom Wisby Farm," oil which he lived for a number of years; then pur- chased a farm on Concession 10, Lot 8, and lived there until his death in 1847. His widow, who is hale and hearty, is eighty-four years old, and resides in ]Michigan. She became the mother of thirteen children, ten of whom are living — Benjamin, Mary (wife of Nelson Kiraballj, John, Daniel, Warren, George, Laura (wife of William Burgess), Pho'be (wife of Archibald Carmichael), Sarah (wife of Jonn McKenzie), and Elacum. The father was drafted in the "Rebellion of 1837, but sold a valuable horse for S40, and paid a substitute S30 to take his place. Benjamin Wood was raised on a farm and learned the cooper's trade under his father, and in 1 846 purchased the place where he now lives, which was then heavily covered with timber, and by industry and good management has succeeded in making his farm one of the most valuable in the county. For twenty years after locating on this farm he worked at his trade in connection with farming, and a few years nu MiO pri; he (Wj chill Lou Mr. T, dou c son of same j I>Iace 1 to Can Jo Wed linjited his Jeis for the months school, ^ examiiif entitlii), Mr. \Vl" filled for He Was born in children- I'W'ne art biirne est instructor the respoi into his el succeeded school an -Associatio: Samue *;oii, Ontar «ay of Oct: COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1053 ago built a cheese factory on his farm, which he managed alone for a number of years. He then sold out to a stock company, of which he has been President since its organiztition. He is one of the prominent men of London Township, and has taken a deep interest in all enter- prises tending to benefit the community in which he resides. In 184(J he was married to Catherine, a daughter of William and Esther (Williams) Burgess. Their union has resulted in the birth of ten children, seven of whom are living — Essie (wife of William Johnson), Louisa (wife of William Weir), William, Melissa, Emily and Delphenia. Mr. and Mrs Wood are members of the Baptist Church. Thomas Woodburne. Thomas Woodburne, Principal of the Princess Avenue school, Lon- don City, was born in County AVicklow, Ireland, September 1, 1839, son of William and Mai'garet (Gilbert) Woodburne, both natives of same place as subjcict. Thomas Woodburne was reared at his birth- place until eighteen years of age, and then immigrated with his jmrents to Canada, settled in the County of Aliddlesex, where the father fol- lowed farming. Thomas assisted his father on the farm, and received limited educational advantages, but being a great reader, he spent fill his leisure hours in the perusal of books, and thus j)repared himself for the occupation of teaching. After attending school for thirteen months he passed examination, and received a certificate to teach school, which he commenced in 1870. He subsequently passed an examination, and received a Provincial certificate (December, 1873),. entitling him to teach in any public school in the province. In 1880, Mr. Woodburne was chosen to his present position, which he has now filled for nine years with ability, and to the satisfaction of all concerned. He was married, October, 1868, to Miss Annie E. Cathro, who was born in the County of Middlesex, and who became the mother of four children — Leila, Clarence, Arthur and Stewart. Mr. and Mrs. Wood- burne are membei's of the Baptist Church. Not only has Mr Wood- burne established himself firmly in the estimation of all as a thorough instructor, but to a large degree has manifested his utmost fitness for the responsible duty he is now discharging. It is a noticeable fact that into his eftbrts he has thrown his whole soul, and as a result he has succeeded wonderfully in elevating the standard of education in the school and vicinity. He is at this time President of the Teachers' Association, and is one of the prominent educators of the county. Samuel Woods, M.A. Samuel Woods, M. A., Principal of the Collegiate Institute, Lon- don, Ontario, was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, on the 14th day of October, 1841, being the youngest son of William and Martha. 1054 HJSTOKY OK THK (Henderson) Woods, who were old Covenanter stock, and were amonf; the Protestant immigrants from Scotland who settled Ulster. Samuel Woods was edncated at tiie London (Untario) Grammar Scliool and at University College, Toronto, where a gold medal in Classics was awarded him in 1862. Among his classmates were — Prof, J. London, the late Principal Buclian, Dr. -lames A. McLellan, Kev. Dr. Gibson, of London, England, and James Fisher, Esq., of Wiiniipeg. Excellent school and college editions of jMirtions of Demosthenes, Virgil, Horace, and Cii'sar have been published by him, and have been standard classics in our institutions of learning for some time. ^Ir. Woods was a mem- ber of the University Kifle Company, first formed during the Trent excitement, and he subse(;[uently took a certificate at the King,ston Military School. From l to the time of his death, is in the possession of the Woolverton family. William H. Wortman. William H. Wortman, of the firm of Wortman & Ward Manufac- turing Coni]iany, is a native of Mercer County, Penn., born February S, lfS42. His parents, AVilliam and Mary (]Melick) Wortman, were both natives of Pennsylvania, and the father was a farmer by occu- pation. William II. Wortman, subject of this sketch, was reared on a l.irm, and after the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted in the de- fence of his country in the 74th Illinois Infantry, and served nearly three years. He i)articipated in the battle of Perryville, Stone lliver, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Peachtree Creek, and was all through the Atlanta canii)aign. When peace was declared ]Mr. A\'ort- raan returned to his home, and afterwards settled in Jasper County, Mo., where he lived for six years engaged in agricultural ])ursuits. In 187".* he came to London, engaged in manufacturing, and in 1883 his brother-in-law, Mr. W^ard, became associated with him, and remained until 1886, when the present firm was formed. They manufacture Church's hay forks, house and well ])umps, wind-mills, disk harrows, feed grinders and revolving barrel churns. The deveiopmeut of this business has b^en all that coukl be anticipated, and it is due entirely to ([uality and merits of goods manufactured, and the energy, push and enterprisii of the firm to perform all they promise. Their trade may be said t^ extend from ocean to oceaii, from Halifax to British Columbia. The departments are under the supervision ot skilled and competent heads. ^Ir. Wortman has been twice married — first in 1868 to Miss ?.Iartha ]Morse, a native of New England. She died in 1874, leaving one child. ^Ir. Wortman selected for his second wife Miss Annie Percival, of London. Richard Wright. Richard V'right, a prominent and honored citizen of Middlesex County, Ontario, was born in County Tii)perary, Ireland, as were his COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1057 ancestors for soveral centuries. He was reared in his native county and received fair educational .'idvanta<,'e3 in his youth, and in early life became coiniectod with the I'ostal Service, with which he was associ- ated until his removal to Canada. He settled in Middlesex Countj', and here has since made his home. He was engaged in teaching school for several years, and later embarked in the Insurance business, and while pursuing this avocation his accjuaintance was extended over a large area. He had unrestricted control of comjnnies in the Province and did a successful business until LSSO, when he became coimected with the I'ost Oflice l)ei)artment, and still retains this connection. I'olitically he is a Conservative, and has rendered his party efllcient service, and is on terms of intimacy with leaders of the party. The Government has no more loyal citizen than he. He is a member of the Masonic Order and served as Secretary of his Lodge, and on relin- ciui.shing this position was the recipient of a gold pen and an address by the Lodge for the faithful manner in which he had performed the duties of this position. As a member of the Orange Association he has been an active worker, and held the office of Secretary of both County and District organizations. It was largely through his eflbrts that the great gathering of Orangemen on the 12th of July, 1878, occuiTed, which was the largest gathering of any kind ever held in London. All the correspondence with other bodies, as well as arrange- ments for transportations, were conducted by him, and as an expression of the appreciation of his services on this occasion he was presented with a gold medal and an illuminated address, richly framed. He was married to Miss Kachel Blackraore, a niece of Colonel Blackmore, of Her Majesty's Sth Regiment, and also a niece of Captain Blackmore, of Her Majesty's ")th Dragoon Guards. Another uncle, Commodore Blackmore, was with Nelson in the naval service, and participated in many of the battles in which Nelson was engaged. ^Ir. and Mrs. Wright have one son, who is holding an important position on the railway mail service, and who accepted his appoint- ment from the hands of Sir John A. ^Macdonald, as a tribute of respect to his father, the subject of this memoir. Mr. Wright's brother, the late Thomas D. Wriglit, was a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, at tlie age of eighteen years, and received a gold medal for classical exam- ination, and first honors in Science. He studied law, and became a partner of Hon. Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York, and was married to Aliss Helen, a daughter of Hon. John A. Collier, of Binghami)ton, New York. He died in 18G4, leaving, besides his wife, three children. Since the above was written, Mrs. Wright died. May 15, lScS9. She was a most estimable lady, holding a very high and dear place in tlie hearts of a large circle of acquaintances by her womanly graces, and particulady in the hearts of her relatives, who feel most keenly their great loss. Her funeral was largely attended. The following gentlemen acted as pall bearers : — 11. W. Barker, Esq., Post-otlice In- spector ; Colonel Fisher, Deputy Post-oflice Inspector ; li. Mawhiuney, IO-jS HI8T0UY OF THE Es(|., Chief Railway Mail Clerk ; K. J. C. Dawson, Esq., Postmaster ; J. J). Shanuaii, Esq., iJejmty Postmaster; John Hunter, Escj. and R. F. Matthews, Esc]., of the Post-oflice Dejiartment. The fiiiierui services were conducted by the Uev. ^rr. Hill, of St. John's Ent»lish Church, a warm friend of the family. The deceased lady was the fourth daughter of the late Maunsal Hlackmore, Esq.. of Gray Park, County of Kilkeuny, Ireland. James Wright. The following outline, briefly narrated, is a sketch of the career of James Wright, a man of recognized worth wherever known, whose present substantial position in life has reached entirely through his own perseverance, and the facts connected with his operations and their results, truly show what a person of determination and courage can accomplish. Mr. Wright is a native of Scotland, born in 1832. His parents, John and Janet (Lawrie) Wright, were both natives of Scot- land, and the father died when James Wright was but three years of age, by over exertion in saving the life of a companion from drowning. James was reared in his native country, and received a liberal educa- tion in the Normal School, of Glasgow, receiving from that institution a certificate entitling him to teach school. He engaged in this calling, and continued thus employed for several years. In 1858 he immigrated to Canada, purchased 200 acres of land, which is now considered among the finest farming lands in the country, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. This calling, however, was not congenial to his temi)erament, and having used his means in purchasing the land, he resumed his calling as teacher. He taught for three months in the public school, and the succeeding five or six years taught in a Grammar School in the the city of London. In 18G4, Mr. Wright engaged in the hardware business in the same location he now occupies, and for twenty five years he has been numbered among the leading business men of London. No firm has attained a more enviable reputation for honorable dealing, and the stock caiTied embraces a complete line of everything necessary for a first-class store. They have the largest stock of iron and heavy hard- Avare, as well as all wood-work connected with carriage manufacturing, in London, This business, which was at first established on a small scale, has been steadily increasing as necessities demanded and means justified, and illustrates the possibility in the country of men of character and determination, ability and industry, to succeed. A most striking example is afforded in the life and career of Mr. Wright as a pTiblic-spirited citizen, and as a business man his position is known to all. From his first settlement here he has tiiken an active part in everything tending to the substantial growth of the city ; and, while firm in his convictions and of decided opinions, his career has been COUNTY OF MIDDLKSKX. 1059 such as to meet tlie a])iiroval of all good-tliiukiu^' iikmi. By his honesty ami fair dealiiii,', ho lias built up a busiiu'ss which in niaj^ni- tudo atul roturns is unofjualled in this lino in the city. In oducational matters Mr. Wri<,'ht ha.s always taken a deep interest, and for twenty years served as a meml)er of the School Hoard. lie was married to Miss Margaret, daughter of Joseph Hayes, an early settler of tho county. John Wright. John Wright, butcher and meat dealer, of London, Ont., is a native of Dev(jnshire, England, born l.S4(l. His father, John Wright, and his mother, whoso maiden name was Mary Norton, wero both natives of D(!V()n.shire, and the father was a boot and shoemaker by occupa- tion. John Wright, jr., was the .second in a family of nine children born to his i)arent8, and remained in his native country until sixteen years of age. Ho early commenced working at tho butchery business, and in lS5(i came to London, Ont., where he followed this business, working for other ,,artie9 for a few years, and then, in 1861, he com- menced business for himself. He is one of the oldest meat dealers in London, having been in business for twenty-eight years, aiid his extensive ]iatronage Ims given him a well-deserved reputation for the thorough reliable quality of his meats kept in stock. In his line of business he is thoroughly experienced, being a good judge of stock, and does all that can be done to accommodate and meet the wants of his many patrons. The great care with which he attends to all orders, and the promptness Avith which his patrons are served, accounts to a great extent for the length of time he has served them. Mr. Wright came here without means, and what ho has accumulated is the result of his own indu.stry, economy, and fair dealing. Mr. Wright has been twice married, first in 1875 to IMiss Mary Ann Hutton, a native of Canada, who died in 1881, leaving five children — Willicim J., Emma, Walter and Edward ; one, Mary J., died in 1888, Mr. Wright chose for his second wife Miss Emma Hillson, to whom he was married in 1885. She was a native of Devonshire, England. Mr. Wright is a member of the following Orders : — Masonic, Oddfellow, and the An- cient Order of United Workmen. William V/yatt. The life of this gentleman is a striking illustration of what a young man can do without means or influence but with a determination to succeed in whatever business he may undertake, and he now occupies an enviable position among the business men of London. He was born in Hull, Province of Quebec, December 26, 1839, and is a sou of 1060 HISTOUY OK THK (it'oigo 1111(1 ^rary fStokcs) Wyntt who were horn in Kii^'laiul and Iicliiiid, ios])cctively. Tho foruKn- was a shoomakcM* liy trade, and in is;)ii cunin to Canada, wlioro ho spont tho romaindor of his days. IIo was tho fathor of fivo cliihh'on, WilHain hoin;^ tho s(!Coiid son and child. Tho hittor canui with his paronts to London in ISH.andwas here roaiiMl and ochicatod, snhsoquontly sorving an approiilico.ship at his jii'osont husiiu'ss. In hSiiS ho h(!<,'an tho hattlo of lifo on ids own account, ami his onterprisos havo boon attended with sub.stantial lo- sults, his rojiutation as an honorable and succtissfiil bii iness man boin;,' of tho very host. In 18S1 ho was soloctod as a suitable ]ioi'.son to rojn'osont tho old Sovonth Ward in tho City (Vnincil, l)oin^' aftcrwanls elected to rejircsent tho First Ward. He is now fiUinfj tho duties of tho ollice, and his influonco has over been wielded on tlie side of rij,'ht and in tho interests of the City of London. Ho liiis l)ecii twice maiTied, first to Miss Tibbs, of England, who died in 18(io, leaviiii,' three children — William Frederick, Georj,'(! Henry and Mary It. ; and the second time to Mi.ss E. Scarrow, by whom ho has two children — William and lieatrice. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, both of f' ) IJlue Lodge and (Chapter, and is a Past Grand in the I. 0.0... William Yates. William Yates is a member of tho firm of Yates & Gibson, proprie- tors of the London Machine Tool Company. He was born in Liver- jjool, England, in 1847, of Irish ])ai'entage, his fatl'ior and mother, William and Jane (Magee) Yates, both being born in the " Emerald Isle." The father was a carpenter and builder by occupation, and in 1854 immigrated to Canada and settled in London, where he continued to make his home until his death in 187"), leaving, besides his widow, who still survives him, eight children, five of whom are now residing in London. William Yates, our subject, received his education in the schools of London, and after attaining a suitable age, having a natural taste for mechanics, began working at the machinist's trade with I). Bruce, and served a thorough a|)prenticeship at the calling. Few men ever selected a calling for whicli they were more naturally adapted, or one in which they took deeper interest, for it may be said of Mr. Yates that he is a natural inventor. In 1877 he began business for him.self in the " Forest City," by building engines ; but in 1882 he and Mr. Gibson established the London Alachine Tool Company, and are now engaged in manufacturing all descriptions of iron working tools for machinists, boiler-makers and blacksmiths, after the most apjiroved designs. In addition to their iron working tools, thoy manufacture a full line of tools for brass workers, and the reputation they have secured throughout the Dominion for the superiority of their manu- factures is highly complimentary to their skill as workmen, and their ^"g'lged COUNTY OF MIDDLKSEX. IOC] Work cnmiuivi's most fiivombly with that of iiny of th(i loa(hiii,' Aini'ri- oftii houses. Thoy hiivo boon nwanliMl iiiodals and diidomas wIutcvit tlii'V liavo (!.Nhil)itL'»l, and thoir cstahhshmuiit lias coiitrilmtcd lan^'dy to tli(> n!|nitatioii Loiidnii enjoys as a nuuuifacturin;,' ocutrt! and ths- tiihutini,' ]ioint. They have two buihUngs located on York street, one 40 X 120 feet, and tlie other .'i(i.\ 120 feet, in which some fifty hands are L;iven employment. ISIr. Vates is recognized as one of tlie leading citizens of London, and has always taken a deep interest in ed>i(;a- tional matters, and in l.S.S'.t was elected to represent his ward in the School Hoard. He is one of the Directors of the East Middlesex Agricultural Society, and was a delegate to the Western Fair Hoard. He is a Trustee of the Wellington Street Methodist Church, a Steward of the .same, and is Sujierintendent of the Sabbath School. In 1876 he was manietl to Miss Ainiie Martindalo, a native of I'ittslnu'g, by whom he lias a family of .six children. Nicholas F. Yeo. Nicholas F. Yeo, dealer in crockery, glassware, lam])goods, etc., London. This house was established about ten years ago, and the ]iremises comprise a three-story building, which is fully stocketl with a choice variety of china, silver-ware, cutlery, crockery, fancy goods, chandeliers and lamp-goods, stone and earthenware, all of good material and many of chaste design and execution. This house imjjorts direct from nuinufacturers in England, France, Germany, the United States and other foreign countriijs, while the stock embraces every article known to the trade, and the sale of this indispen.sable article of mer- chandise constitutes no unimportant element of the mercantile interests of the " Forest City." Mr. Y'eo also keeps a full set of goods to su])ply socials, parties, etc., while a s])ecialty is nuule of coal oil and good teas, coflbcs, cocoa, etc., (and a present given with every pound) at legiti- mate prices. Mr Y''eo is a native of Devonshire, England, born June l!S, LS-tO. His father, John \''eo, and his mother, whose maiden name was Eliza- beth Heed, were V)oth natives of the same place. In 1847, when the suliject of this sketch was seven years of age, the family immigrated to Canada, and settled on a farm in the Township of Dorchester, (,'ounty of Midillesex. Being in limited circumstances, the jiarents went to work with a will to provide a home for their i'arail\". Hani worlc and ex])osure incident to settlers in a new country, as this was at that time, led to the death of the father in 184:8, and a few weeks later his wife also died, a victim to the .same. They left a family of seven children. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm in the County of Oxford, and followed agricultural pursuits until 186G, when he came to London, and commenced working at the cooper's trade. In 1876 he engaged in his present business, at first on a small scale, but has added r 10C2 HISTOUY OF THE to his stock from time to time as his business increased, until it has advanced to its present projKtrtions. The trait of cliaracter tiiat aided him so materially in his earlier struggles has served him well in liis eiiurts to establish for himself an independent and successful business. He has within a comparatively short time built up a trade which older houses might well envy. In addition to his crockery, Mr. Yeo carries a large amount of choice teas, coH'ees, cocoa, chocolate, etc., which, like his other stock that he imports, he buys for cash and sells only for cash. No man "njoys a better reputation for honor and honesty than Mr. Yeo. He was married in 18G2 to Miss Rebecca Clark, a native of Bucking- hamshire, England, and two children, Emma and Arthur, are the result of this union. Mr. and Mrs. Yeo, with their children, are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Yeo is also a member of the Sons of England. Orlando Eallman Ziegler, LD.S. Orlando Hallman Ziegler, L. D. S., dentist, of London, Canada, was born in Berlin, ('ounty of Waterloo, Canada, and is the son of Enoch and Hannah (Hallman) Ziegler, natives of Canada and lUicks County, P"'m., respectively. Enoch Ziegler was a carriage-m.aker by occupation, and was a man universally respected. He was the father of fourteen children, Orlando H. being the tifth son in the ftimily. He was reared in Berlin, received a good practical education and commenced the study of dentistry in Berlin. He also attended the Dental College in Toronto, and graduated from that institution in the class of 1882. He then practiced his profession in Berlin from March until June, 1883, when he removed to Parkhill, Middlesex County, and in 1888 came to London, and here he has since remained actively engaged in his dental practice. In ISNi he chose for his companion in life Miss Lottie Shoults, who was born in the County of Middlesex. One child, Otto Ewart, is the result of this nnif)n. Mr. Ziegler is a first-class dentist, and is rapidly rising in his profession. He is a member of the I. 0. of Foresters. ^|-^^-^|4 COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. ior.3 Sketches Held for Delayed Revision Until Too Late for Alphabetical Insertion. Joseph Andrews. Joseph Andrews was born in Manchester, England, April 11, 1834. His father, James Andrews, was a native of the same place and a carpenter by trade, the maiden name of his mother was Ann Vesta, also of English birth. The subject of this sketch after attaining a suit- able age commenced an apprenticeship at the pork-butchering business, and he served seven years and became thoroughly familiar with all its details. In 1861 he immigrated to America and settled in New York, entering the employ of Charles Taylor, a large packer, who subse- (juently sent him to Hamilton as foreman of a large establishment. In 1867 he came to London and engaged in business on his own account. In this enterprise he was very successful and built up a large trade, and had established himself on a substantial basis, tO'See it all swept away by the flood of liS83. He was the first to put a steamer iu the River Thames at this point, and the advent of the steamer City of London was an important era in the history of the city. This steamer was superseded by the Enterprise, with a carrying capacity of 300 persons. In 1881, Mr. Andrews sold out and resumed his former business, and at the present time confines it largely to the manufacture of bologna and sausage, and in which he has secured an enviable reputation, not only in the city, but the sur- rounding coimtry. His premises in London West are well equipped, where his facilities for conducting his business are extensive and ample. He is a man whose career has been a series of triumphs over difficulties, and would have discouraged less hopeful natures. He is in all respects a self-made man, relying on his own strong arm and indomitable will. He set out in the world to succeed, and he has by frugality and untiring industry raised himself to a position which ought to merit the crown of well-earned success. ^Ir. Andrews was married in 1860 to Miss ^lary Ann Lobley, of Lincolnshire, England. They have a family of two children — Henrietta Cecelia and Joseph F. Atkins & Manness. Atkins & Manness are prominent cigar manufacturers of Lotidon. They are among the cigar manufacturers of Loudon " ' o have made 1064 HISTOHY OF THE themselves successful in their chosen calling, because of the quality and general excellence of their product. William Atkins, the senior member of the firm, is a native of England, and was born July '22, 1844. His parents, Moses and Mary (Rice) Atkins, were both of Enghsh birth, and came to Canada with their family in ISHo. The subject of this sketch was the youngest of a family of three children. He commenced in early life working at cigar making, and, in l.SiiG, owing to the death of liis employer, ^Ir. Kohl, he became interested in the business as a partner, and at the present time he has been manu- facturing cigars in London more years than any one now in the busi- ness, and is the Nestor of the trade. In 188G he formed a partner- ship with Samuel ]\Ianness, and no firm in the city is more thoroughly ftxmili.ir with all the details of the business. Both are practical men in their calling, and masters of their trade, and give their personal attention to ihe management of the manufacturing department, and to the sales. They make a specialty of high grade goods, and the quality of stock used is unsurpassed in the Dominion, and their goods cora- mand ready sales wherever known. Of the seven or eight difl'erent brands manufactured, " The Bad Boy," a registered brand, is made a specialty, and it is a strong candidate for popular favor. They com- mand a large city trade, as well as a good business in Western Ontario and with other manufacturers, and have rendered credit unto them- selves by the part they have contributed in sustaining the reputation that London enjoys, of behig the second largest cigar manujacturing centre in the Dominion. Mr. Atkins was married in 1868 to Miss Mary Jane Donnelley, a native of England, and they have a family of four interesting children — Edwin Ii., EfKe, Fannie and Clarence. Mr. Atkins is a member of the Masonic Order, tiie Independent Order of Oddfellows and the Independent Order of Foresters. Samuel Manness was born on the Isle of Jersey, May 4, 1859, and his father, Freilerick Manness, was a native of Havre, France. His mother's maiden name was Jane Berry. They came to Canada in liS72, and here Samuel Manness served a regular apprenticeship at the cigar trade, and, previous to becoming associated with Mr. Atkins, held tlie position of foreman in large establishments. He was married December 2'), 1879, to Miss Teresa Duncan, a native of Dorchester, County of INIiddlesex. They have a family of two children — William Ernest and Cliarles I). Mr. Manness is a member of the Ancient Order or Foresters and of the Sons of England. D. Batzner. D. J. Batzucr, Chief Clerk and Assistant Superintendent of tlie Crand Trunk liailway, was born in Indiana, on the IGth of November, 185U, his parents being John M., and Mame (Metzger) Batzner, wlio COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1065 were born in Indiana and Germany respectively, the latter coming to America in her youth. 1). J, Batzner came with his parents to Canada in 1802, and here he has since resided with the exception of about two years, which were spent in Indiana attending school. He learned telegraphy when quite young, and had charge of an office when only seventeen years of age. In 1877 he became connected with the Grand Trunk Railway, working in the Car Dispatcher's Olfice for one year, and has held his present position for eight years. He also at intervals assi.sts in the former office. He is a young man of push and energy, very competent, and often in the absence of the Assistant Superintendent performs his duties. September 9, 1885, he was married to Miss Bessie Graydon, who was born in the " Emerald Isle," and their imion has resulted in the birth of one child, Graydon. John Cooper. John Cooper, jihotographer, of London, Ontario, and the Nestor of this art in London, is the son of John and ]\Iary (McLaughlin) Cooper. The father was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, July 12, 18(115, and in l he immigi-ated to Canada and settled in the Township of Cavan, near Millbrook. He married Mi.ss ^fary McLaughlin in about 1(S31. Her father's house was a noted resort for the early A Fethodist preachers, and here the celebrated Gideon Onsley, an historic character of the early founders of this denomination, always found a warm welcome, as well as a resting ]ilace. In about 1834, Mr. Cooper changed his place of resi- dence to London, and, with John Hazlewood and Ambrose McMannus, formed a partnership in the carpentry and millwrighting business. Among their first contracts was a liouse for Curate Cronyn, afterwards Bishop of the Diocese, on the present site of Hellmuth College. In 1835, Mr. Cooper placed his family in a boat especially constructed for him, and went down the Thames River to the River St. Clair, and thence up the River Ruscome, where he ]iurchased a homestead and there resided for four years. He then returned to London, soon after the close of the Rebellion, and continued to reside here until his death in 1873. The mother died one year later. Eleven children were born to their union — Faiuiie (who married Abel Hine), Johu, Jane (now Mrs. Richard Box, of St. Marys), Mary Ann and Joseph (both deceased ; the latter was a musician of note, and made a trip to England for the benefit of his health, and while there he organized a musical com])any and gave two entertainments at Windsor Castle), William A. (an artist in Chicago, who has attained to well-merited prominence in his profession^ Charles, Kate (now ]\Irs. J. Gibson), Arthur (living in Petrolea, and an artist of no small note) and Rebecca (who died in infancy). John (Jooper was born May 27, 1834, and has been reared and educated in London, Ontario. In early life he followed the occupation 1066 HISTORY OF THE of contractor and builder, and afterwards turned his attention to daguerreotype business, and naturally, as improvements were made in this art, became a photographer and one of the pioneers in the business. He was married in LSliO to Miss Mary W. Wilkie, of Windsor, but a native of New York, and four children were born to this union — Eva (wife of R. E. Simpson), John Wesley (in Toronto) and Ida. One daughter, Fannie, the eldest, fell a victim to the Victoria disaster, and died at the age of nineteen years and six months. As an artist, Mr. Cooper's long residence and success is a greater recommendation than any word of praise we could write. As a citizen, in every walk of life his career has been above criticism or reproach, a man of unbending honor and honesty, broad and practical, charitable and generous in his feelings, dignified in his manhood, he is one who is universally respected. Frank Coofer. Frank Cooper, photographer, has his business situated at 169, 171 and 17o Dundas street, London, Canada. To produce pleasing and satisfactory pictures requires skill, refined taste and appreciation of light and shade. All these requisites are found in the establishment of Mr. Frank Coopar. As a photographer this gentleman has gained a wide and well merited reputation for the excellent finish of his pic- tures. His studio is tastefidly and elegantly finished, and is replete with everything necessary or convenient for the efficient practice of the art, or for the comfort of visitors. This establishment dates its inception back to nearly nineteen years, since when his business has enjoyed a steadily increasing reputation. Mr. Cooper takes all sizes of* photographs, but makes a specialty of family groups and children, attending personally to the operation. The gallery is one of the largest and best appointed in Canada, and has long enjoyed a national repu- tation for artistic photography. The operating rooms are 55x25 feet in dimensions, while there are separate reception rooms for ladies and gentlemen, the whole establishment being in every way efficiently equipped with everything needful or useful for the effective perform- ance of the best class of work. The workshops are of the same dimen- sions as the operating rooms, with employment for seven regular hands. Mr. Cooper, who was born December 21, 1845, and is of Irish descent. His parents, John and Mary (McLaughlin) Cooper, were both natives of Ireland, and are alluded to in the sketch of John Cooper, which precedes this. When quite young, Frank Cooper began learning the photographer's art with his brother John, and when twenty-one years of age he began business for himself, and has now for many years been prominently identified with the commercial interests ef London, where he has established a business second to none in his line, and of which he may well feel a justifiable pride. He was married to ]\Iiss Emily Riddle in 1878, ■ native of St. Catherines, Ont., and to them Ther this city Davis, ai business Saratoga trade of j In IS27 own H, ■iccod t! inari'fd COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1067 have been bom three cliildren — WilHam C. P., Frankie L. aud Flor- ence E. G. In addition to photography, Mr. Cooper does crayon work and water-color. Philip Cook. Piiilip Cook was born in the County of Cavan, Ireland, in IS'-Vi, and his parents, Owen and Mary (O'Jiiley) Cook, were both natives of the " Emerald Isle." The father was a shoemaker by trade, and immigrat- ed to the United States in 1832. He first settled in New York, but, later, removed his family to Niagara District, Ontario, where they remained for many years. His son, Philip Cook, came to London in 1849, served a regular apprenticeship at the shoemaker's business, and in 18G4 commenced business on his own account, at first on a small scale, but gradually increasing his stock until his business has assumed its present prosperous condition. His indomitable will and perseverance, which aided him so materially in his early struggles, served him well in the eHbrt to establish for himself an independent and successful business. Always strictly attentive to business, even to its most closest details, urbane and considerate, and in all his relations with the public scrupulously exact in the fulfilment of all promises to his customers, he has built up a trade, which, in the magnitude of its transactions and value of returns, any house might well envy. In 1886, Mr. Cook retired from the active management of the business, which now devolves upon his son Joseph. Mr. Cook was married in 1861 to Miss Ann O'liyrne, also a native of Ireland, and their family circle consists of seven children — Joseph, Maggie (wife of C. A. Fitz- gerald, of New York), Mary E., Jane, Ellen, Philip and Edward. Joseph Cook, who succeeds his father in business, was born in London, February 18, 1862, and has been reared and educated in this city. His business trcaining has been under the supervision of his father, and, as a natural result, which is highly complimentary to his busi- ness management, it has not retrograded in his hands. William H. Davis. There is no name in London more familiar to the old residents of this city than the name tliat heads this sketch. His father, Henry Davis, at the time of his death, in 1883, was perhaps the oldest active business man, in point of residence, in the city. He was a native of Saratoga County, New York, and was born in 1804. He learned the trade of jeweler in his youth, and for years made his home at Niagara. In 1827 he came to London, and in 1831 commenced business on his own account, and for fifty-two years conducted a successful business. He married Miss Ann Jane I\lcSpadden, a Canadian by birth, and to 1068 HISTOliY OF THE them were born seven children, five of whom .ire still living — "W. H. Josejih W. (in Toronto). George C, (Jlara (now Mrs. llobert 1). Millei')! and Mary J. Those deceased are Henry and Elijah. William H., the eldest son and child, was born in Lonilon, Sept. 24, 1837, and was reared and educated in London. He early learned the jeweler's trade under the instruction of his father, and became familiar with all the details of this occupation. He subse([uently became associated with hia father as partner, and at his death succeciled to the trade, which he has since conducted under the original firm name, it being the oldest established business in London. As heretofore stated, the business was established in 1831, and the house is reco"- uized as one of the most reliable in the Province. The stock cariied embraces a full line of the finest jewelry, which is sold out at as low a margain as can be aflbrded, and all goods are wan-anted as represented. Their store is one of the best appointed in this line in the city, and no merchant in London has a higher standing for probity and honor than Mr. Davis. To his business he gives his personal supervision, and has succeeded in not only holding the trade of the old firm, but has gradually received the magnitude of the business. Mr. Davis was married in lcS63 to Miss Eliza Green, a native of London, Canada. He is a member of the Masonic Order. Benjamin Watson Greer. A truth that must be everywhere acknowledged is that keen per ception, sound judgment and a determined will, supported by persever- ing and continuous effort will result in success in whatever occupation one may be engaged, and their possession is sure to accomplish the aims hoped for. The career of Benjamin W. Greer, especially so far as his connection with the mercantile interest of London is concerned, bears out the truth of this statement, for at this time he is the senior partner in one of the leading houses in his line in the Province. Mr. Greer was born in the County Galway, Ireland, August 15, 1843. His father, William, was also a native of Ireland, as was his mother, whose maiden name was Clarinda Allt, who was of Irish birth. By this marriage there were six sons and one daughter. The family emigrated to Canada in 1847, and settled first in London, and then removed to Warwick, where they remained only a short time, then returned to County of Middlesex and settled in London Township, where he lived until the death of his fother in 1851. The mother is still living, at the advanced age of eighty-five years, and finds a pleasant home in the family of her son, the subject of this sketch, and notwithstanding her years her mind is clear, her memory unimpaired, her eye is not dim or her natural force abated, and she bids fair to see many years of useful- ness. The subject of this sketch in early life commenced an appren- ticeship at the carriage-making trade, but afterwards abandoned it and learned the painting and paper-hanging trade. age he trat ant bui Ho ania Leal sliii E. ( Uh^ six liam the V m COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX. 1()(19 In 1864 he went to Louisville, Kentucky, and for about a year worked at his trade, and then accepted a position to travel for a fire insurance conii)auy, and remained thus eni]»loyed for nearly one year; then went to (.'incinnati, where he remained until LSTl, when, owing to the death of a brother, he returned home. While here he made arrangements to go into business with W. Noble, and, under the firm name of Noble & Greer, conducted business for six and a-half years, and then sold out. Six months later the firm of Greer, Wigmore & McPherson was formed, and at the expiration of three ye.ars Messrs. Greer and Wigmore purchased their partner's interest, and have since conducted the business under this name. The reputation which this house enjoys is second to no similar establishment in this section, and the gi'owth and magnitude of the business is due to superior business ability and fair and honorable dealings, and they have drawn around them a trade most complimentary to their standing as business men and citizens. In 187'.', Mr. Greer was selected as a suitable person to represent his ward (No. 4) iu the City Council, and in 1887 he was again elected, this time by acclamation. Mr. Greer was manied in 1872 to Miss -lane Forsythe, a native of Canada. They have one daughter, Ethel May. Mr. Greer is a Past Master of St. John's (-JO'.*) Masonic Lodge ; Past First Principal of St. John's Chapter, No. 8, and a Knight Templar, being connected with liichard Creur de Lion Com- mandery. He is a Past (Jhief Eanger of the Independent Order of Foresters, and Past Deputy Supreme Chief Ranger ; also Auditor for the past two years of the Independent Order of Foresters. JOHN HAYMAN. John Hayraan, builder, of London, Ont., was born in Devonshire, England, June, 1844, and is the son of William and Susan (Banks) Hayman. He remainetl under the parental roof until sixteen years of age, engaged in dilferent occui)ations, and then went to London, where he lived with an uncle, who was a contractor, and there finished his trade. In 18(18 he cunie to London, Ont., where he has since resided, and where he has followed his calling with satisfactory results. He built Union block, jMonroe building, and Gas Works of London East. He was a member of the Council of London East at the time of amalgamation. He has been married twice, his first wife being ]Miss Leah Martin, whom he married in IHG'J. She was born in Devon- shire, England, and died in 187*), leaving three children — Harold John, E. G. and Charles Francis. Mv. Hayman's second marriage was to Miss Emily IVIartin, a native of Devonshire, England, and to this union six children were born — Vitalis, Alfred Hone, Edwanl Clarence, A^'il- liam Heiu-y, Aquilla Maj^ and Ha E. L. The following are some of the buildings erected by Mr. Hayman : — George Birrell's building. I 1070 UISTOKY OF THE Hicks' block. Town Hall, Storage block, McCormick's dwelhns, and numerous others. Mr. Hay man is a member of the I. O. 0. 1., bt. George's Society, and is an enterprising business man. George W. Heately. Georoe W. Heately, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Delaware Township, was born in that Township, Middlesex County, Canada, August 6, 1855, and is a descendant of an old family. He is the son of John and Harriet (Parkins) Heately. The father was born in North Ireland about the year 1826, and when about eighteen years of aae immigi-ated with his parents to Canada. They located near the citv°of Hamilton in 1844, and about 1855 John Heately came to Delaware Township, where he purchased the farm upon which his son George W is now residing. He soon after located in this Township, and here married Miss Harriet Parkins, who bore him ten children six now livin*^ He died at his home in Delaware Township in 1881. The mother is still living, and makes her home with her son George W She is fifty-two years of age. George remained with his parents, and at the death of his father assumed control of the place, which he has since carried on. The family worship at the M. E. Church George Heately, like his father, in his political views, is a supporter of the Liberal principles, and is a member of the School Board. WILLIAM Jacobs. William Jacobs, plasterer, is a native of the Province of Quebec, and was born on the 6th day of January, 1842. His father, Louis Jacobs was of French birth. The maiden name of his mother was Miriam Dion The subject of this brief sketch was reared m his native place, and served a five years' apprenticeship at the plastering trade, becoming thoroughly familiar with all the details of this calling. In 186') he came to London, where he has since been identified with its interest In 1879 he commenced taking contracts on his own account and he has proven himself an honorable, competent and thorouohly reliable workman, and as a master of his trade, no man stands Woher, and he is securing a liberal share of public patronage. He was married February 6, 1884, to Miss Betsie Ann Hearthorn, a native of the United States. They have one adopted daughter, Laura. Mr Jacobs is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is also a member of the Merchants' Exchange. He is in all respects a self-made man. Relying on his strong arm and indomitable will, he set out in the worid to suc- ceed and has by frugality and untiring industry raised himself to a position which ought to merit the crown of well-earned success. COUNTY OF MIDDI.KBKX. WILLIAM Jones. 1(171 In almost every circmiistauce it is acknowledged that a person is better fitted to follow the occupation with which he has been familiar in early life than to engage in an occupation learned in later years. This truth is borne out by the career of Mr. Jones, who, from child- hood, has been familiar with the details of carpentei'ing. For the past eighteen years he has been engaged in business on his own responsibility, and the success that has attended his eflbrts is fully corroborated by the position he occupies both in business and social circles. He was born in Devonshire, P^ngland, on the 29th of A])ril, 1849, his parents, Thomas and Mary (Hill) Jones, both being natives of the same ]ilace. The father was a carpenter and builder by occu- pation, and his family consisted of nine children. William Jones is their eldest child, and at an early day began learning the cariienter's trade under the instruction of his father, and after obtaining his majority became impressed with the idea that there were better opportunities for a young man to succeed in life in America. He came to Ontario in 1870, at once found employment, and in February of the following year formed a jmrtnership with Mr. Tamblin, which has continued up to the present time, and no con- tractors of London are better or more favorably known. In June, 1888, Mr. Jones was selected as a suitable ])ersou to represent his Ward in the City Council, and he was elected by the largest majority ever given to any Alderman elected in the City of London. His official career has been above criticism, and he is a man of unswerving honor and unimpeachable honesty. In 1873 he was married to ]Miss Jeanette Wilkinson, a native of London Township. They have the following family : — Thomas, Willie, Ethel Maud, Frank L., Edith E. , Mabel Edna and Harry Chester. Edward N. King. Edward N. King, fi'eight agent at London for the Grand Trunk Railway, was born in Guelph, Ontario, ]\Iarch 31, 1843. His parents were born in England, and came to Guelph about the year 183G. The father, Walter King (still alive), i)articipated in the liebellion of 1837, on the Niagara frontier. Edward N. King was brought up in Guelph, and made it his home until he was seventeen years of age, and received good educational advantages at the Grammar School, an institution which turned out some fine scholars, who in some instances obtained medals at Trinity College, Dublin. His business experience was commenced in the telegi'aph and express service, and after thorough ]n'eparation was appointed agent at Wyoming in Ajiril, 18G3, at that time the great centre for shipping crude and refined oils. Those were the days of flowing wells, and excitement ran high, as many Londoners 67 V 1072 HISTOllY OF THE will easily remember, especially the Wyoming and Oil Springs ])lank road and its attendant annoyances. He was a])pointod relieving agent on the Great Western Kailway in Jnne, 1860, and passed various grades of ])romotion, namely, agent at various times at Fort Erie, Princeton, I'aris, Gait ; Ireight agent at London twice ; soliciting agent and city agent at Hamilton. In April, 188;^, he was called to his present position — that of freight agent at London. He is agreeable and accommodating in all his relations with the public, and commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. He was married in 1871 to Miss Emily Ward, of Wyoming, and has one son and two daughters. Fbank Kirchmer. Frank Kirchmer, Manager of Grand Opera House, London, Ontario, is a native of Dayton, Ohio, and he was born November 18, 1849. His father, Peter Kirchmer, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary Mehlheimer, were both of German birth. The subject of this sketch was reared in Dayton, Ohio, until eighteen years of age. He learned the harness-making trade in youth and followed this calluig in different parts of the Southern States for «o:iio years, and in 187;! he came to London and for a time worked at his trade, but sub- sequently entered the emjjloy of Jlr. Manville, who, in addition to conducting an auction and commission business, did a large bill post- ing business. In 188;3, Mr. Kirr^mer succeeded to the bill posting business, and for years he has practically controlled that occupation in London, having secured all the desirable spaces and bill boards of the city. It is a business for which he has a natural aptitude, as it requires a decided art in posting to make a popular medium for attracting public atten- tion. The thorough and expeditious manner in which he executes all contracts have won for him an enviable reputation as an expert in his calling. In addition to this business in which he has been so successful, ho has recently been appointed Manager of the Grand Opera House, a position his experience for the past few years has made him well fitted to occupy, and we have no hesitation in predicting success in this new departure, combining as he does both the manage- ment and advertisement of attractions. Mr. Kirchmer was married April 20, 1809, to Miss Maggie Gaurd, of Dayton, Ohio. They have a family of five children — Susie, Florence, Johnnie, Charlie and Freddie. Mr. K. is a member of the Koyal Arcanum, and belongs to the Ancient Order of Foresters. George G. Magee. A history of the business men of the City of London which failed to include a sketch of the life of this esteemed pioneer citizen, a man COUNTY OF MIIiDLKSKX. 107:^ whose long residenoft horo, and whoso many a(hnirable traits of charac- ter have won for him an cnviahle reputation and the resjK'ct and esteem of all, would be inconiiilete. His career is an excellent ex- amjilo of what the Now World can do for a man who sets before him- self a hijjh ideal of life, and who has the ambition and steadfast pur- pose to rise to a prominent position. In Mr. Magee's case a laudal)lo ambition has not been thwarted by circumstances which in the Old World so often jn'ove a check to advancement. He was born in the County of Tyron Irelai-d, l)eceml)er 6, 1813, and is a son of Jonathan Alagee and Elizabeth (Guy) Magee, who were also natives of that county. George G. was the eldest of eight children, who grew to matm'ity and was reared on a farm. In early life he immigrated to the United States, and settled first ii\ ^lassachusetts, and from tliere went to Philadelphia, but owing to the dejiressed condition of financial alTairs and the discouraging condition of business he soon changed his residence to London, Ontario, and for over four years worked as a clerk — thrcj years with one firm and fifteen months with another. In March, 1.S47, he embarked in business for lumself, and was identified with the mercantile interests of the place until 18C2, when he retired. One of the cardinal points in his business transactions was to make the interests of his patrons identical with his own, and the comjietency which he now enjoys is the result of his industry, integrity, and close a))])lioation to business, even to its most trivial details. In 1855 and 1.S56 he was elected as Alderman to reju'esent his Ward in the City Council, and was honore'd with the position of Chairman of the Board of Finance, in which position he made a faithful and efficient public servant. Being a man of domestic habits and taste, he has held himself aloof as much as possible from politics, but has given much assistance to others. In 1841 he was married to Miss Mary Ann ]\lagee, who was born in Ireland, and by her is the father of the following children: — Guy, a journalist ; Jona- than, a farmer ; Alfred, a farmer ; and Emma C, at home. James Magee. James ]\fagee, barrister, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1846 ; came to London, Ontario, in 1856 ; studied law, and was called to the Bar in 1807, and now has a large practice. ALEXANDER MCQUEEN. Alexander McQueen is Head Master of London South schools. It is but giving expression to tlie general sentiments of the people to state that no man has done more for the educational growth and prosperity of the City of Loudon than Mr. McQueen. He was born in the County 1(174 IIISTOKY OK TIIK of llnltnii, Novi'inbcr S, 1847. His paronts, Williiim ami ElizubL'th McQiKioii, buiiif^ iilso bom in the County of Hiilton ; tlitj fornier'.s biith occiirrin<{ on tlio same fiinn on which his son, Alcixaniler, was born. Duiiiij,' his early life ho was engaj^'od in husbandry, but later in life turneil his attention to the lumber business. Four sons and one (1iuil;1i- ter constituted his family. Alexander, the eldest, boin>,' taken by his parents to County Kent in ISoO, was there reared to manhood. Ho availed himself of the best educational advantages of the vicinity, and his early days were divided between attending school and assisting his father in the lumber business. He applied himself assiduously to his studies to prepare him.self for the occupati(jn of teaching, and entered upon his professional career in 1(S67. From that time until 1877, he was engaged in teaching in the country, and in Delaware, and at the latter date, entered upon the duties of his present jiosition, and the ability with which he has discharged his work, clearly shows that he is the right man in the right place. Ho has always entered heart and soul into his work, and as a result, has succeeded even b(^yon(l his expectations. Mr. McC^ueen is I'ast-Master in the Masunic order, also a Itoyal Arch Mason, and is a member of the I. 0. O. F. Dr. J. M. Piper. Among the successful and rising physicians of London may be mentioned Dr. Piper, whose labors in the practice of this science have given him well-deserved prominence among professional men. He is the son of William Piper, of Devonshire, England, who came to Middlesex County in 1838, and there followed agricultural pursuits. The mother's maiden name was Miss Ann Mill. They were the parents of eight children. Dr. J. M. Piper being the sixth child. He was born in the County of Middle.sex in 1855, was reared on a farm until eighteen years of age, and received his education in the High School. He then attended the Toronto School of IMcdicine, graduated in 1880, also attended the Bellevue Medical Hospital College, New York, and although a comparatively young man, his career thus far has been both honorable and deserving of substantial results. His practice is a large one, for to his natural qualifications as a physician he brings a mind well stored with the knowledge of medical learning and experience which others might well desire. He is a close student, and avails himself of all the latest and most popular works on medicine, and keeps himself thoroughly apace with the progress of this science. He was married in 1880 to Miss Jennie lioddy, who was born in the County of York. The doctor is a member of the Masonic Order, connected with St. John's, No. 20, is a member of the Independent Order of Foresters, Canadian Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of Foresters and St. George's Society. COUNTY OK Minni.KSKX. W. J. REID & Co. 1075 W. J. lieid & Co. (ire pvoiniiient importors of crockery and ^'luss- ware, decorators of cliiim, etc., Crystal Hall, Duiulas strct't, I.dikIuii. IVrinaiient success in any calliii;,' in life is do|)on(lent uixin iiutiinil causes, and no one can hope to succeed unless he has merit. Thoy have made themselves eminently succussfid in their business, which statement is amjily corroborated by those witli whom they have business relations and by the general public. The business was first established by Nathaniel Reid when London was yet in its infiuii;y, and for over forty years he has been identified with the city's interests. Although he is now fast approaching his four-score years, his eyes are still bright and his mental vigor unimpaired, and no l)usinesa transac- tion of any imjiortancc is consummated without consulting him. I Fe was born in Manchester, England, in 1811, and in IS40 immigrated to the New World, landing first in New York with a stock of goods, which ho sold to advantage. Two years later ho became a resident of London, and up to the present date has been in business continuously more years than any other i'ldividual in the city. In 18.j8 the business, which was a general on{>, was changed to crockery, ami it has grown steadily and surely until it is now second to no similar establishuKMit in the Dominion. Their building is four stories high, the top flat being used for American and Canadian glassware, and the third f(U' granite ware of every description. The china decorating department occupies the second flat, and here artists are employed painting flowers and fancy patterns on china, the work being very finely executed. Two kilns are used for burning in the patterns, the establishment giving employment to sixty hands, and five travellers are kept on the road. They have a resident buyer in both England and the continent, and W. J. Reid makes it convenient to visit the leading pottery manu- factories of Europe annually. Their goods are imported from all parts of the world, and consist of Coalport China, Crown Derby, Bohemian and Venetian glassware. Royal Worcester, Minton, Wedgwood, Royal Dresden, and Copeland's dinner, tea, breakfast and dessert sets. Besides this they have a fine collection of bronze, terra cotta and Ijisilue figures, and deal in all classes of crockery and glasswiire. W. J. Reid has been the active manager for a number of years, and the reputation the house enjoys, and the trade they have drawn around them, speak eloquently in their favor. He was born and reared in the City of London, and began his business experience under the supervision of his father, and no man in Loudon has taken a greater interest in advancing the city's interests than he. He is President of the Bcjard of Trade, and also of the London Branch of the Michigan Central Rail- road, and has served several years as President of the Commercial Travellers' Association. 1076 HISTORY OF THE Thomas Sumner. Thomas Sumner was born in the Townshi]) of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, September 21, 1840. His father, Samuel Sum- ner, was a native of Vermont, and came to Canada in 1819. He married Keziah Carter, a native of Lower Canada ; by this marriage there were ten children. The father was a farmer, and at the sarne time he took great interest in military matters, and held the position of ( 'aptain in the militia. He was a prominent Mason, and a member of old ^It. Moriah Lodge, the first in the county. In connection with other duties, he held the office of constable in Westminster Townshij). He died in September, 1877. Thomas Sumner, the eldest sou and second child, has been reared in this county, his early life having been spent upon a farm ; he afterwards commenced working at the carpen- ter's trade, and was engaged in bridge building for many years. While following this calling, he commenced working for the Water Commis- sioners, and in September, 1885, he was ajipointed caretaker of the grounds, etc. In this position he has proven himself a very competent man. Mr. Sumner was married in IcSGo to Miss Hannah Emmons, of Westminster Towu,ship. They have four children— Hannah, Edith, Bertie and Chester. He is a member of the Masonic order, and belongs to St. John's, .iO'J. 1 ' ] i.1 ' *