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As it is impofll- ble to convey thel'e pages into the hands of the purchafers of the feveral editions of the Review, by adding them to a new one, the faireft method of publication feems to be that of a feparate one ; fo that thofe who are. poflcfled of ^wy edition of the Review, may, if they think proper, add the Appendix to it •, which, for that purpofe, is printed in exaftly the fame fize and manner. ■ \i'^ Lately piibliJJjcd, Price is, 6J. * Written by the fame Author ; x.rp HE REVIEW of Mr. P I T T' s X ADMINISTRATION. Dedicated to the Right Hon. The Earl TEMPLE. " He wilhes to lay open anJ reveal to the unerring public, •« both the motives and aftions of every part of his Ad- «♦ ininiftration." OhfirvatioHS tn the Spanijh paper u Printed for G. Kearsly, in Ludgate- ftrqet, ^ ■m r Price Two Sbiilings, . ^ 2.nnHE REVIEW of Lord B U T E's X ADMINISTRATION. Dedicated to his Grace the Dukb of DEVONSHIRE. ^e Title of Favourite, let him be ever fo defert^ngy has always been odious in England. , Guthrie's Peerage* Printed for J. A l m o n, oppofite Burlington- Houfe, Piccadilly. And Speedily will be fublijhedy Written by the fame Author, A REVIEW of Lord EGREMONT's ADMINISTRATION. Jifwtaktpaffionatetmdinfolent Secretary of State. North Briton, Num. 15. ^* C 5 An APPENDIX, ^c. IT has been already mentioned in the Review* that Mr. Pitt was appointed fecretary of ftate in December 1756, and in April following was ordered to refign : bu«- the caufe cf that rc- fignation is not mentioned in the Review, nor was perhaps a true ftate of the affair ever laid before the public. Therefore it may not be amdfs td add here a few lines upon the fubjed. A fyftem of the moft extenfive and extravagant continental connexions, in which there was the moft evident marks of profound ignorance and un- pardonable folly, was formed during the adminif- jtration of Mr. Fox. Mr. Pitt in a very nervous and bold manner oppoled that fyftem. The lofs of Minorca drove Mr. Fox from the ftate j and the necelTity of affairs brought in Mr. Pitt. But ftiil Mr. Pitt oppofed this fyftem of German connec- tions. Early in 1756, (at which time Mr. Pitt was fecretaiy of ftate ; it was known to all Europe, that the French would march a great army againft Hanover, as foon as the feafon would permit the troops to take the field. That Kanover mu/i be defended was reafonable ; becaufe the French at- tacked it for no other realbn but the animofity they bore to the kingof England. But the method, or rather, the plan of this defence, was what Mr. Pitt objedled to. A fubfidy treaty had been made with Heffe, and another with Ruffia. Thofc who made thefe treaties, finding their meafures very un- popular at home, attempted to impofe on the people a notion, that thefe .treaties were made for B the ( 6 ) the defence of Britain.* TLis was Co abfurd and lb ridiculous, that both the creaties and the makers, became the jell of almoft every man in Lnghnd. ■The true meaning of tlje treaty wi4h kuflia, if any meaning it had, was ihe defence of Hanover. But to mend the matter, becaule every man faw .the mealure was foollfli, a conv'ention was made with PrulTia •, and by that, the treaty wiih RuITi^ rendered void \ for the convention llipulated, that the contra6ling powers were to keep arty, unce both parties have, in an equal degree, abufed this iberty,is fure to hurt the reputation of that party which does it, with the people. The people are now very tenacious of the liberty of the prefs. They arc very Itrongly fenfible that, next to an honeft and able Jury, who will alwaysdeteft and abhor any tucrcachmentt on their juft rights, by any perfon whatfoever, it is the only valuable liberty uey have now left. Perhaps there is no man perfonally and privately who has been more abufed and flandered than Mr. Pitt, yet with a dignity and noble fpiric truely becoming himfelf, he overlooks all fuch malicious efforts. He (corns to talce refuge in the law, becaufe it would be coward- ly ; and not only he, but all his friends have fhewn,.that they trull their caufe to the public at large, and leave every man at fuU liberty to form his own opinion on their merits and demerits. Can the minifters, and all their partiz is fay as much?, no they cannot. If they do, proof fliall be given of the contrary. Who then are friends to the liberties of the people, and above all, to that invaluable blelCng the liberty of the prefs ? — Who ^^M 1 ..„ ( 10 J fcfpoufed his hoheft and patriotic fentiments, been! ill the lead excluded from the fame kind of treat- ment. are fo tenacious of this great liberty, that though they thcmfelvM are touched by it, yet they tvill not invade it becaufe of the people? •' It is not io much the debarring us of the na- •' tural ufe of our tongue, that can tend to the fecurity of a *' teniporary and tottering adminiftration, as the efFcftuftlly *' putting an entire ftop to the communication of our fentiments *' in print; which, in cafes of danger, has ever had tke good *• effeft of alarming the people in general, with a fcnfc arid *' knowledge ot that danger, and thereby they have been enabled " to put theml'clves on their defence, and make head againft *' fucli attaclib : but Ihould this liberty be deftroyed, there will *' inftantly be 3u end of every other; for this is the great bul- " wark which fupporis all the reft. It is too vi/ible to be con- " cealed, and it is too true to be denied, that there ha\e lately be^n *' feveral attempts made to accomplifli it. They have hitherto " failed. But as this is a point which weak and wicked minift- <' ers have inceflantly laboured at, the people muft continue ** to be watchful over it, left a time (hould come when a minift- *' ry, afraid of their own condudt, or any part of it, being ar- *' gued or reafon'd upon before the public, ftiall have made *' fuch large ftrides towards defpotic power, as to fteal this in- *• eftimable jewel out of the hands of the pe^ >ple. No honefl: " minifler will ever Ihew a defire of wounding this great and " only barrier of the liberties of this free country. We have " only to fear fuch attacks from minifters who are afraid their " actions (hould fee the light, and who will therefore be eter^ " nally promo.ing, publick ly or privately, perfecutions againft " authors, printers, and publidiers, in order to put a flop to " this liberty. . . . Every one has obferved, how often the ** minifterial champions have endeavoured to dift'ufe the terrdr *• of the laws amongft the hontft and fenfible part of the peo- ** pie, who will prefume to judge for themfelves and conie- *• quertly diffent from their Jall'e realbnings and infamous fal- " lacics. If it could he fuppofed that theie writeis give us the *' language and fentiments of their mafters, it will follow, that *' the dengn of attacking our liberties is not far diftant; for ** they hiive repeatedly talked of fines, pillories, and goals, " and other tyrannic proceedings, fuch as were praAifed by the *' ever odious and unccnftitutional ftar-chamber; and, when " they have found ihemielves over matched in point of abilities, " ti cy have gone fo far as to even threaten fuch of their anta- ** gonifts • ith thele kinds of purllhment, hoping thereby to " iiJcnce them. But this fott cf language has liad no other ef- " fta int. ( n ) ment. But in no inftance have the public been more abuled, nor have io many falfities beer4 raifed and propagated, with reiped to Mr. Pitt's conduft, as concerning this point. It is granted that Mr. Pitt hj^ oppofed continental connedtions j it is granted in its full extent, together with every thing that he reaUy did fay. But when did he op- pofc continental connexions in general^ and aflerc thi t we ought to have no connedlions with the continent ? The tools of a temporary and totter- ing admtniftration cannot inform the public. They cannot (hew that he ever endeavoured to prove we ought to renounce all connexions with the continent. He was fenfible, and no man more fo, that while there are fo many great powers on the continent, purfuing their refpeftive intcrefts, v;hich are occafionaily oppofed to, or connected with thofc of Great Briiain, it is impoffible we jfhould be entirely feperated from the continent •\. Therefore what ■*■/ m *' feft tlian convincing us of their own arbitrary principles and " fecret inclinations." Vide tit Letter to the Right Hon. George Crewville. t It may not be improper to obferve here, that fome of the wifeft counfellors that ever were in this country, faw that we could not be totally difengaged from the continent, while jthere are po(vers on tlie continent, who are natural and very dangerous enemies to us. To inPance only queen Eli- zabeth's counfellors, we ihall find that they thought it necef- fary ti) advife that great princefs, who knew how to chufe good counlellors, as well, if not better, than any prince that ever reig ed in this country, to afTift Holland to call off the Spanifh voice. Spain was then the natural enemy of England, in the fame manner that France now is. Elizabeth therefore entered into this meafure, becaufe it was for the intereil and fafety of her people to oppofe any aggrandizement of Spain. She not only fent troops, but even money to the Dutch ; and yet (he never was faid to fquaider away the blood and treafures of her king- dom in foreign quarrels, or difputes which were none of htr own. On the contrary the charafter which (he bears uj/^n re- cord, is that ofH truly excellent and admirable princeis, who iiacerely ( 12 ) ^hat he blamed, and what he only blamed, during all the time he oppofed German meafurcs. was i -K ,)/ fmcerely loved her people, and poflefTed an uncommon flxare of real luund Icnic and good parts. From the charafter that is given ber by all honelt hiftorians, we may be alTured, that fhe would not enter into a ineafure that was utterly unferviceable to the int< refts ot her people. Yet great and good as this princefs was, hi"h as Ihe wa.s in the eftimatioR o. her people, and the power of iier kirigclcm ticmci-duus, ihe was not free from enemies. The little, nari IV. minded, lelf intcrefted, hypocritical, tyran- Jiical S<.ota abhorred her, as they do every thing that is open, generous and honell ; and the Stoarts and Jacobites do to this day . eteil her niemoiy. The bcottilh writers will not allaw Zifr ani merit: the glories of her reign, and the happinefs of her ptc^lc, tliey give to her minijlert, becaufe they cannot ob- literate them. This is contrary to the ufual pradticc of Scotfr. men, wi.oie principles being naturally arbitrary, commonly lilcribeev-ry adt ot" power to the king, in order, by hat means, to exclude any canvafs upon it. But this deviation from their general maxinn, is iiot at all to be wondered at, if- we confider their true chaiadler, which is that of a time-ferving, fycophant, tyrannical, deceitful people. Yet the propriety of their afcri- bing the glories oi I'lizabeth's reign to the wifdom of her coutifellcrs only, will be feen by the following anecdote. ** King James the iecond ordered the earl of bunderland to bring Waller, the poet, to him one afternoon. When he came the icing carrit d i>im into his clofct, and there alked him ' how heUkeu iucti a pitturc' ' iiir. laid Mr. Waller, my eyes arc dim ; J do not ki.ow whofe it is.' The king anfwered, • it \% the princefs of Orange,' • Then, faid Mr. Waller, (he is like the greatell prii.ceis in the world.' ' Whom do you call fo,' afkcd the king. ' Queen Ilizabeth' faid he. ' I wonder, Mr. Waller, replied tiie king, you fliould think fo ; but I mull con- fefs Ihe had a wife council' ' And, fir, faid Mr. Waller, did your majeily cv^r know ayW chufe a wife one.' — Such as were enemies to the glory, interril and liberty of their country, were enemies to Elizabeth. She has been reprefentcd by them, as haughty and overbearing. But they could never impeach her wiiJom, or her honefty ; or fhew when the power of England was fo formidable and refpeilable as in her time. They could • never deny that Ihe made the interell and happinefs of her|people her greatell glory ; nor that every power in Europe was afraid of her. If (he had not been a princefs of that fpirit, wifdom and fortitude ; but a tame, weak, docile creature, who left the bu- ■ iuieft of her kingdom to fuch miniilers as hj^r fancy, not her 'S, /as ( '3) was, A. PARTICULAR SYSTEM. A fyftem, which riot he afone, but a great number of other honeft rhen, faw was injurious to the intertfts of England. A plan, or rather i meafure without a plan, pur- fued by minifters who wanted ability, or honcrty, or fometirhes both, to fcrte their country, was >vhat he oppofed. It was a connexion with Ger- many, purely to ferve Germany only : fuch a con- nexion as neither did, norcould in any manner, fei-ve this country. For inftance, let it be afked, did we ever receive any advantage from our alliance with the emprefs qiieen, who by Mr. Pitt's fucceffors, is called the natural ally of England ^ Did riot wc maintain a great army in Flanders, in fupport of her caufej and notwithftanding all the efforts of our then miniftry, did we prevent the French gaining people approved; would any power have been afraid of us? The truth is, fhe had wifdom to chufe fuch good counfellors as were both honeft and able to purfue the intereft of their coun- try, and thereby made the power of her kingdom great and re- foeAable, and her people completely happy. — Such men, for fuch there are, as were enemies to Elizabeth, are now enemies to Mr. Pitt. Heriiay be faid to have, in fome flieafure, fuch fpiric as Elizabeth : he is tenacious of the glory of his countr}'; will hot fee its intereft injured ; will brook with no afronts from foreign powers. His pride therefore is a virtue ; it is a high fenfe of the power and dignity of his own conntry. In a word, he is a fpirited, true, honeft, open-hearted, Enghfhrnan. He entered into continental meafuits upon the fame principle as Elizabeth did. France was our natural, and will be our eternal enemy. Mr. Pitt's fyftem was therefore right to diftrefs her by everj means, in every parr, and in every place, becaufe it is for our intereft and (kfety fo to do. If in the late war we had fought France only by fea, we (hoitld not have diftre^ed her half fo much. A confider&ble part of our great fleet muft have been unemploy- ed, for the French would have kept out of our way, and out of Our power to get at them. That our continental engagements have facilitated uur ronqucftsin America, and ther by fliftreflcd France a double way, is mott certain. We will inllancc only the conqueft of Canatia. Had the attention of the French not bc«a diverted, in Germany, (fo; a diverfion it was, notwiih* SI" % gaininff H poflefTion of thofe places the allies at- tempted to defend ? Did not we give up Louif- bourgh, a conquell made by Britons o«/y» in order tp reltore her to the Netherlands, which France had taken ? Did not fhe afterwards repay us for the moft unbounded atfls of generofuy and friend- ihip, with the moft Icandalous adl: of ingratitude, at the beginning of the la.e war ? Tbts was one of tli^ fyftems which Mr. Fitt fo long and fo vehe- mently oppofel The other was, that already men- tioned, as formed during the admin if):ration of Mr. Fox. By this fyftem we were to hire troops in che polar circle, end bring them down for the defence of Hanover. Could there be any continental fy- ftem more cxtenjlve, fo madly profufe, and to fiach little purpofe. England was not only going to defend Hanover againft the great land power of France, fi I f flanding stt the fophiftry of Mr. Maudiiit ; as it can be proved that it coll France more than England) it muft tonfequently iave been 'uihclly employed on the protediou of their iflands and colonies. Now it is ki own to. Tome ot the principal infliru- mfnts employed in the reduction of Canada, that had the Cana- dians received but a litde more affillance from France than they did, our defign would have been entirely fruftrated. i he ex- pedition would have mifcurried, and the confequence at home would have been, what that truly brave and amiable hero, ge- neral Wolfe, moll dreaded, clamour and difgiace; although, perhaps, the oiHcers and men might have done all that was in their power to do. — Honell men, therefore, wlio are fmcere friends to his majelly and their country, will not vilify and abufe a man, who has fervcd his country fo well, fo hpneltly and io glorioully, as Mr. Fitt. Did any other minirter ever do as much ? Before we blame the extenfiveaels ot hispia- s. we fhould confider the extenHvenefs of his vidories; that by them he num- blta a kuigdom, more than twice as powerful as ourfelvcs, in its number of men. Before we find fault with the ex^euce, we fliould reflcdl on the bankruptcy of France, the dif^race of it ; and remember, that during his adminiftration, notwitliftanding .it was a dme of war, trade and commerce, the fun ws of Britain, flouridied and encreafed more than ever they did before, •r fmce. ■i>i i at- )uif- kder Mce for Kend- tude, le of ^ehe- ( 15 ) France, but Pruflia, or the German body, or <7«y body : and to do this, Ihe hired the great empire of RulTia. The wifdom and policy of this exten- five and extravagant fyftem, deferve no mention. It is a compjiment to the then minifter, not to call them in queftion j but it is proper to add, that it was a blefling to 1- ngland, it did not take place. Upon the niin of tkiis, which was defended untii it became utterly indefenfible, another was formed, which Mr. Pitt, agreeable to the wifhes of the na- tion, at lenjgth adopted and improved, fo as to become both ferviceable to England, and effedlual for t|ie defeqcc of Hanover. ' " , Mr. Pitt was not the only man who faw the mlf- chiefs, and even ruinous meafures, which thoie two fyftems he fo ftrongly oppofed, would inevitably bring on j for there were a great number of other honeft, able, and worthy men, who faw them in the fame light, and therefore oppofed them upon the fame motives. But neither he, nor thofe who joined in that oppofition, ever faid, that England ought to be enlirely freed from all connexions with . the continent. On the contrary, they were firmly of this revolution principle', thit fuch a continental fyftem might be formed, as would not only check the ambi^tion of the houfe of Bourbon at home, but be the means of furnifhing opportunities, ifbr both cutting off her trade, and ftripping her of her moft valuable fettlements abroad. If France is affefted, England is ferved \ for England always receives an advantage, when France receives a wound : and on the contrary, if France gains any material addi- tion of power, it Is dangerous to the fafcty of Eng- land. But did the continental fyftem, formed in ?743» g^v^ France a wound.? No man will be hardy enough to fa.y it did. Did the other conti- nental fyftem, formed in 1755, in the leaft affed: France ? It is well known, that the fucceffes of the .„: ... f ... •..;..> .: (^ J , ,,^;.,- French Ill Pill m ( i6 ) French arms continued in both America and Ger- many, with the mod alarming rapidity, until Mr. Pitt was allowed todiredt the affairs of this country- and until, at the exprefs defire of the whole king- dom, lie embarked in the continental meafures; he by his own v/iiciom, afliduity, and vigilance, mouldc'd them into an uniform fyftem, which hi condiidted in fo able and fpirited a manner, as to render it fcrviceable to both Germany and Britain^ T'heftt THOSE who had oppofed the German mea- fures, as long and as vehemently as Mr. l^iit, ac- qitiejced in a fyftem," which they faw calcula cd to lerve dieir country, becaufe it would dijlrefs and^^r- plcx France. Were alhhofe perfons who had oppoled the continental connexions made by other mini! fters, and afterwards acquiefced in Mr. Pitt's fyftem, an heap of coniraditUcns? Were the whole PEOPLE, parliament and all, an heap of contradic- tions ? Was Leicefter-Houfe, which gave its ap- probation to the treaty with PrufTia, made during Mr. Pitt's adminifjtration, an heap of contradictions ? What Mr. Pitt's lyftem was, has already Been ex- plained in the Review, therefore it would be im- pertinent to repeat it here. But it may not be im- proper to add, that by his fyftem all our conquefts were made •, and the French were fo effeftually de- feated in all their attempts to feize Hanover, that if his late majefty had lived to have feen an end of the war, that electorate would not have been to be purchafed with any of the Britifh conquefts. Nay, io greatly were the French diftrefTed, and ruinec! by his fyftem, that they could not even keep their footing in Germany ; and notwithftanding the al- lied army, after he was driven froni the ftate, re- ceived no fort of afTiftance, encouragement, or re- inforcement from England, during lord Bute's ad- miniftration, yet that minifter, who, in order to get a peace at any rate, had intended to totally abandon • ' ' ■ all ti t rec- liVir: ing: Ires ( '7 ) fill our allies on the continent, could not hinder prince Ferdinand from taking CafTel, and therew^v dcftroying the fruits of all the viftories the Fi'ench had boafted of : fo well was Mr. Pitt's fyftem calcu. lated to ferye hth Gei-many and England : there- fore England, fo far from .ofing by Irer connexions with Germany, as in former wars, gained by Mr. Pitt's fyftem i and the French were defeated there, as well as every where clfe. -''- " Although in the war of 1743, England gained no particular advantage by her connexions with the continent, becaufe that, as well as feveral other parts of the war, were conducted upon a wrong fyftem, and in an unfkiiful manner •, yet, as Mr. Pitt very juftly obferved, it had always been found political, except in the four unhappy reigns of the Stuarts, for JEngland to have connexions with the continent. If for inftance, in the late war, when Spain took part againft iis, the opinion had been agreed to, which was founded, that we ought to withdi-aw our troops fronri Germany, otherwife we fhould not be able to fuppbrt Portugal; then the Low Countries would have become a prey to the iFrench and Spaniards i and will any man fay, that fucb a valuable addition of wealth and power to the ambitious houfe of Bourbon, ought not reafonably to alarm England ? Thofe furely who adopted that opinion, forgot national fafety, as well as national honour, which was ftaked for the defence of Ha- nover, a country fuffering entirely oh our account. jQueeh Elizabeth did hot think it good policy to let.Spain,hei'^«^/tf enemy, have the Netherlands: fhc thought fuch an aggrandizement to her enemy, endangered the fafety of her people. Would it, therefore, have been policy in us, to let the Low Countries fall a prey to both France and Spain .? Is not our fafety the more endangered as they grow the more powerful ? The 11 : I i f 18 ) , The only good objedion which has been made to the German war, is the expcnce of it. Some- where there is doubtlefs a great fault, and it is proper th^t the public ihould knp\v where to fix li. juftly i for thole wlio have made free with the public money, ought to be anfw,crable to the pub- lic for it. But until an enquiry pf this; fort is made. It is wrong to fix the blame any where : yet it is neceffary in thefe pages, to do juftice to the illuilri- ous chara<5ler which tl Utle declafcs them to con- cern. In moflof the wurriUty,^,nd a^ufe on Mr. Pitt, there is to be found fonfjething relating to the expence of the Gern^an wJir j fometimes ab- folutely imputing it to him, apd always at leaft in- finuatingit} as if /'^ ought to be blamed for any mifapplication of money. No>y it; is known to every perfon, who is in the leaft acquained with pur government, tl]at Mr. Pitt,, in his ipinifterial capacity, and in no other he could or dida thc«A.d of his glorious adminiilration, ail that be was per- mitted. - .>. in a t .11 m\ drr, Lon- viccl e on upon nrcd dmi- ruelly t the is to ax on e mi- tcnded excife. ;he ex- Pitt to i, they ndicate n, (for ly pub- ) vrhen plim^fnt K) worfe n, who Ir. Pitr, )f their mtted no ow that ngraven d between in the i'ub- , that Mr. I like tales the impar- t condu«i\ ; ■ did-, and e was per- ( 23 ) in the hearts of his fellow fubjcils, who do, and ever will, retain an high and ju(t fenic of his fpiric, hoiK'fty, integrity, and wifdom -, and above ;ill, a mod grateful remembrance of the immortal glories of his adminiltration. 'Die very high ellcem therefore, in which Mr. Pitt is held by his countrymen, is the reafon that the fucceeding candidiitesfor popularity havcfaiJ, they have done no worfe than Mr. Pitt -, and that Mr. Pitt op- pofed a tax, not more odious or opprefiive than one hehimfelf had levied. The truth of tliefe afler- tions is to be examined. When Mr. Pitt fupported the \f\k\ in the houfe of commons for the tax upon beer, there could not then be a better tax contrived, that was at the fame time adequate to the fupplies, for there was an intention among the brewers to impofe it, if the parliament had not. Therefore the charge on Mr. Pitt, that he levied it, will re- dound to his honour; for the fame additional money would have been cruelly ivrung from the briny fjjeat of indtijiry if he had not been minifter ; but it was certainly mod politic in him, and it was certainly moft ferviccable to the nation in general, to ftrengthen the ilatf,, in order to humble a na- tural and implacable enemy, with what a few individuals had intended to enrich themlelvcs.-f- It nuifl: be acknowledged of this tax, thvit few, A any others lb advantageous to the date t If a htr.d fo formed for the di/frnfch of buf.rjCl';, fo Ttr/e ard (bpiWdingf as that of }Ar. G orge Grt-nville, had been in the iL'rtd of the adniir.ilh-ation, he would probabie liavc found oui fame fc//vr r:.x upon the ir.duilrious, i.nd have fuflc;c:i the bicwf:rs to levy theirs with i..ipunity. Thus would the poor and iiidiillriour: have becu faddleJ v.iih /ccc taxes. Mr. i itt prcver.ted ir. He made one fcrve, by applying the bi ewers itheme to tile I'trvice of the Itate. » in D 2 have ( 24 ) have been laid with lefs murmuring: it ope- rates fo infenfibly, that the people, who at firft were uneafy, begin now to be reconciled to it ; and it produces fo confiderable a revenue, that, to fliy no worie, it is a great aft of infidelity to go- vernment, in tiiofc fervants who drive to render this tax odious, which it was neceflary to impofe, before they have contrived a better in its ftead. *' As for the excile on Cyder,ihey have acknowledg- ed it to have been precipitate, impolitic, and in- adequate ; pretty heavy charges againft a tax, which it has been ufual to contrive with delibera- tion, wifdom, and a nice eltimate of the fufficiency of it, for the payments to which it is appropriated. 'I'hey have corfcfled, by referring us to the adb of William the third, that thi.'j tax is an extenlion of the excile laws •, for that a<5t taxes only the m'ker of Cyder fro n bought fruit j this taxes the maker in general. They would have it underftood, that there is but little difference in this •, though it is well known that the makers from bought fruit are very few in comparifon j and the makers in gene- ral are, the peers, gentlemen, freeholders, and farmers of fix or ftwen counties. There is befides a material difference betweei the maker of cyder from bought fruit, and the farmer who ^rowj it. The maker from bought fruit can chufe, whether he will buy fruit, and be a cyder-maker. He knov;^ upon Vvhat terms and conditions he fubjedls himfelf to excifc laws. Whereas the farmer, who grows it, is of courfe, and, without any choice of his own, become fubjeft to excife laws, or he mull forego the produce ol* his farm. It was with this attention to liberty and equity, that the duty upon beer and ale v/as made payable only by him who fells it. Every man may brew as little as he pkalesj v/hercas the apple grcver mull make more i6 more ( 25 ) more cyder than for his own confumption. The perifhablc nature of his fruit leaves him no choice. It has been fuggefced, that this tax may create cyder- makers, who, by buying the apples, may exempt the farmer from the vifitation of excife- men. A blefll^d effed indeed ! The farmer of a cyder farm is to have the ahernative, of either fub- jedting himfelf to an opprefllon, to which no other farmers are fubjeft, or of difpofmg of his perijhable fruit to a monopolizing cyder-maker, who will be enabled by the terrors of this tax, and the mode of levying it, to bring the farmer to his own terms. The excife upon, and compofition for, malt is no grievance, compared with this excife upon cyder. It is the maltlter's own free choice to fubjed hirtifelf to it. He is under no neceflity to turn maltfter for the fake of his barley •, for the barley will not perifh immediately ; and if the de- mand for it at home Ihould not anfwer his expec- tation, he has a chance of finding a demand for it abroad, and is encouraged to export it, by a bounty. Barley therefore is a marketable commo- dity i apples are not, till made into cyder. They are not fit for exportation, nor will they admit of delay in the fale. The makfter has another chance. He may convert his barley into fpirits, and has in that cafe too the advantage of a premium for ex- portation. Cyder may be converted into fpirits •, but there is no premium for the exportation of that fppcies of fpirits. In what refpeft, therefore, is the tax on beer fo odious and oppreffive as the ex- cife on cyder ? Tlie friends of the miniftry cannot lliew. Yet they never fail to mention the compc fition of five fliillings per head, to exempt thofe who make cyder for private confumption, from the vifitation of excife officers. But is it the cafe of ar^ man, who rents a cyder farm, that he makes on. I i ^:: I n i ( 26 ) no more cyder, than for private confumption ? M'e may judge from the quantities confumed all o\'cr England, and the quantities exported, how fmall the private confumption of the farmer is, in propGrtiGn to the quantity of apples he grows. But to lliew the futility of this argument more gla- ringly, let us fuppofe the growers of wheat to be made liable to an excife for their wheat : would it be a remedy adequate to the evil, or any confola- tion to the farmers, to allow them a compofition for the quantity of wheat confumed in their own families ? The champions of the adminiftration then add an aiTertion of their own, that there is no rcafonablc ground for the violent clamour made againft the mode of colledlion, unlefs cyder makers lave a ri^ht to more liberty^ than the makers of other .liquors. The anfwer is eafy, with an appeal to truth and common fenfe, that apple- growers have a right to enjoy as much liberty, as barky-growers, and that they are neceflarily cyder-makers, be- caufe they arc apple-growers j whereas the barley- jpvovvcr is not neceflarily a maltfter, or a brewer. The reader fees upon the whole, that this tax is a manifeft extenfwn of the excife laws, to perfons who were not fubjeft to them before, and are by this law put upon a worfe footing, than their fellow fubjefts in other parts o-^ the kingdom, to whom the excife laws do not yet extend :" and that it is in every manner, more odious, more cruel, and more oppreflTivc, than the tax upon beer. It may like- wife be added, that it is not adequate to the fup- plies wanted •, whereas the tax upon beer, pro- duces fo great a revenue, as to become a real piece of national ttrength. Which, therefore, is mofi ferviceable to the Hate, and leaji grievous to the fubjecl ? The anfwer is too plain to be repeated here. However advantageous as the tax upon beer % H ,, in But gla- [o be lid it ifola- [ition own ration ( ^7 ) beer hath been found to be, and great as the fer- vices are, v hich the ftate hath derived from it j yet thefe pretended friends to the public welfare, and to liberty j thefe oeconomills, who have funic the civil lift fo much in debt, promifed to repeal tliis a(5t. For that promife., they vainly imagined they could purchafe popularity. But why have they not fulfilled their prcmife? The anfwer is this, they cannot. They find it too ferviceable to the ftate, and they have not heads to contrive a better. Yet with the moft unparallelled effrontery, while they were hanging out the enfigns of friendftiip to their country, they declaimed againft this tax (thinking thereby to wound Mr. Pitt's reputation, for fince they have been in power they have had nothing elfe in view) the benefits of which they were receiving, and yet had not a better to offer in its ftead : and at laft, when they produced their own \. ys and means, they appeared in an excise ; the moft odious, the moft grievous, and the moft opprefTive that could be formed ; and not only fo, but the moft partial, becaufe it affedls England only, tho* Scotland is, in its proportionate degree, to reap the benefit. " Moft of the counties in England make fome cyder, though it is the peculiar pro- duce of only fix or fcven j but Scotland makes none. It would have been too glaring an aft of partiality, to have laid a general tax upon Great- Britain, and by an exprefs provifo to have exempted Scotland from paying it. A wifer and more de- cent expedient was hit upon ; a heavy burden is laid on England, which fhall not reach to Scot- land i that happy land of Goftien fhall not touch the burden with one finger, and fliall be exempted from all the plagues and vexations which fall upon her united filter, both as to the load of the tax ic- fdf, and as to the opprefTive mode of collection, which aggravates the burthen infinitely beyond the natural \m " i r 28 ) natural weight of it. Indeed the Scotch nation had a right to this piece of partiality from their no- ble countryman, in compenfation for all the injury which Ills ambition has done them. They had a juit claim to the affcdion of their fellow- (ubjecls in the South, having behaved like Englifhmen in the courfe of the war ; and their behaviour would have compleated the union, and have extinguilhed all difference between Englilh and Scotch, had not his ambition unfeafonably interpofed, and excited jealoufies, which have put back the union for twenty years at lead." The next charge which Mr. Pitt's enemies bring j^gainft him, is, his oppofing the peace which lord Bute made, and notwithftanding, would himfelf have made a worje.* The terms on which Mr. > Pitt • " An argument which has been much urged in favour of the minifter who made the peace, is " that it was more ad'van- tageous than that which Mr. Pitt luculdhave made when he was in power." Ifconfiftcncy could be cxpefted where truth is de- viated from, fuch an ipology would never have been made ; for it, at once, cuts up by the roots the great pretence of merit in Lord Bute's undertaking to put an end to the war, be- caufe no other body would ; feeing it clearly proves that Mr. Pirt was very much ailpofed to have made a peace if he could : And fo far is true, that the peace which that great minifter would have agreed to, was not the peace he himfelf wiflied, and thought thefltuation and claims of this country were entitled to. Hepub- licly declared in a certain aflembly, where he might, if he could have been contradidted, that inftead of courting a breach with Spain (which was aliedgrd in proof of his love of war) he had rsther riflicd his refponfibility by forbearance towards that haugh- ty court; and inftead of retarding a peace with France, he had, to prcfume harmony at home, and to accelerate an end to the burdens of war, been over pcrfuaded by thofe with whom he fcrvcd in the adminiftration, to yield to conceffions he could not approve, and which he hoped no miniller would again venture to agreed to. Mr. Pitt is reprefented as the inficxihl Tjinifter, whom no peace would content, becaule he will:ed for none : He is i\\QmJ)ii/Itrofnt:ar; blood is his clement; conqueH his rage ; and % « tion no- jury m ad a iM ilsin 1 1 the I have I d all I I not V cited I for 1 i 1 ( 29 ) ' Pitt would have made peace, have been already mentioned in the Review. The terms which lord Bute and battles his food! Yet to *^f out the praife on lord Bate's peace, it is called ie/ter than Mr. Pitt's would have been. So, that Mr. Pitt was ftill more facile than lord Bute ; and not. fo attentive to the national interell in the terms he agreed to. How confiitent thefe ! It is indeed b\it fa/fe luftre which z/oil gives ; and if it is the bell thing that can be faid for the peace, that it is no t the worlt that might have been made, or not quite fo bad as another would have concluded, it is but a poor commendation ; and a forry fa- tisfadion for the blood and treafure that have been expended to procure it. The affertion, however, that " the peace is more advantageous than that Mr. Pitt would have made when iix power," is only a ftrifture of falhionableyij/Zarj; ; A relative ad- over-ruled. Mr. Pitt infilled on Lord Bute wrote away keeping both Senegal the ifland of Goree, which and Goree, on the coaft is of the greateft im- of Africa, " For that portance to France, as • Thefc indifpenfible conditions were, That France ftbftaia from fifhing on tlie coaft ; that fhe ereft no fortification, or keep any military eftablifhnient on the ifland ; that an Engliih con^- miffary be allowed to refide on it; and that Engliih men of war be allowed to vifit it from time to time, to fee that the above .ilipulations be obferved. :. .*v.' ScnegnJ Ill ( 34 ) SehegJll could not be fe- curcly maintained with- out Goree •,** and M. Bufly " was authorized to cortfent to the cef- fion." Mf. Pitt pofitively re- fufed to cede the ifland of St. Lucia to France. it fervcs her is a Neurit/ in the fupply of ne- grofes for the French Wcft-Indies. Lord Btite ceded Lucia in full right France. [St. I^ucia St. to is His negociation declares the principal and only the ceflion by no valuable ifland of thofe 4C means admifUble^ »> Mr. Pitt treated the king of Pruflia with ef- ficacy and good faith. The anfv/erto theFrench ultimatum, fays, " As to what regards the ;v- ftitution and evacuation lately called neutral^ whichi as France hath recovered her loft fugar iflands, muft greatly add to the over-balance of power Ihe before had irt the Weft-Indies. In a word, it is of infinite importance to France.] The Scotch miniftef both deceived and be* trayed the king of Pruf- fia. He firft broke the faith of the nation, by refufing the fubfidy to that monarch. Then in of the conquefts made the preliminary articles by France on the king*s of the peace, he ftipu- allies in Germany, and lated evacuation and r I < '.■ ■ I . I. L.. *; I ■ » -r , I I t ""'if. « - ' < ^ • .1 vj« • r < 1 •. $6 y ' Prufllia, his dominions. . •• The defenders of lord Bute were hired to vihfy and traduce the king ot PrufTia, in the moft fcandalous manner, call- • irig him by the infamous ' epithet of a royal fret- ' hooter, though he had ■ been often Itiled from ' the throne, * A magna- nimous prince, and a good ally of the crown.* ■ They were prompted td maintain, that the bad faith pradifed towards him, was a duty to our- ' felyes, andjuftifiable by V the law of nations, This was not all. The world ' is much abufed, if there was not a correfpondence carried on with the court ' of Peterfburgh, in whicli ' the miniftry of this coun- try, faid, or infinuated in very ftrong terms, that ' we fhould behold with concern, the late em- peror of Ruflia's with- drawing from the al- liance, and recalling his troops from the affiftance of the emprefs queen : — That this country did not wifh, that the king of Pruflia ftiould be ag- grandized at theexpence of '¥ ons. lord ilify get mo(V call- i I i -''A ( 37 ) of the Houfc of Auftria ; but would rather (Icfire to fee his powir revert to its primitive elcdonii ibite." Such is the very great dificrence in only a few articles of this boalled comparifon. We will now j):occe(l to I'tine fliort remarks, relative to the Hate olaltairs, at the two diflvrent periods. When Mr. Piit'b nc;';ociation was carrying on, tlie impl.icable emprels of Uullla was ali\e, tlie aflairs of the king of Pi uflia almoll defperate, and Hefie, &c. in the hands of the enemy. Mr. Pitt, in order to redeem Hclfe, gave away Guadalupe. When lord Bute's ncgociation was carrying on, the RulVians were vvitlulrawn from the alliance ; the king of Pruflia had only one power to contend with, over which he h;ul a manlfelt afcendcncy. On the contrary, the nation had incurred a debt of twelve millions, ahd a war with Spain. But by that fum, and that mcallire, we had gained the iflands of Martinico, St. Lucia, the Grenadilloes, Dominica, and St. Vincent, together with the Havannah, the key of the Spanifli Weft-Indies, nine Spar.'fh fliips of the line, feveral other rich fhips, and an immcnfe trea- f'ue. The French were driven from Heife ; why, therefore, did lord Bute give away hih Guada- lupe and Martinico ? As to the war with •''pain, the very httlc time itlafted, owing to the miniftcr's determined refolution of having a peace upon any terms, fhewed how little we had to fear from the enmity of the Spaniards. And as to the war in Portugal, on which the tools of the miniftry laid fo- [^teat a ftrefs, it employed 70 or 80,000 of the enemies forces ^ who, fome time before the peace was fettled, were utterly unable to proceed any further in their operations, owing to the impof- F fibility "jli. ( 38 ) fibility of acting in an i..tion fay he treated Mr. Allen of Bath. The- lies which tlicy propagated relative to that ai'air, at length fcrttd ( 39 ) by afet of men who are afllduous in all attempts to deceive them; who envy the high reputation in which he (lands with his countrymen ; and who, becaufe they cannot efface the glories of his ad- miniltration, and the importance of his fervices, haVe had recourfe to the fcanda'ous practice of publiihing the groflefl: falfchoods, together with the moll: infamous flanders, fcurriiities, and abufe* that it was poffible for the human mind to invent. It may therefore be proper to caution the public, not to precipitately give credit to the afiertions occafion- ally made by the leaders and tools of a party, who are enemies to Mr. Pitt, becaufe he ferved his country •, and who joined the Scottifli minifter, in order to fhare in tht plunder of it. " His enemies are numerous ; for many men he oucfhone -, of many he retrieved the blunders ; of forue he ex- pofed the crimes. He courted none, but thofe who would ferve their country. He neither took bribes, nor gave them. He was inacceflible to the lazy, the profligate, the interefted, and the proud. He demolilhed the power of France., which the Ja- cobities had faved at Utrecht, and v/hich the To- ries haVe reftored by the late peact. He would have reduced Spain, and burft the perfidious ^amily- compa6t, if an ignorant but prefumptuous favour- ite had not preferred his own (lability at court to the fecurity of Great-Britain and Europe j and he retired to a private life, when he found that the will of an upllart minion was n;ore regarded than the prefent honour and future falvation of England. He biufhed for his-countiymen, but he fcorned to bribe them. They wifhed for nothing but to be bribed, fold their pofterity for a mefs of Scotch porridge, and put on the livery of th-* prime mi- nifter. forced out tlie real letters. The public were theii undeceived, and Mr. Pitt Ihone the brighter from having bccifoicandaloufl/ abufed, while his enemies, if polTible, became more odious. ilcnse Ji.^ m it »■ • . ,. . ( 40 ) />;.,.- . - - . Hence the torrents of abufe on Mr. Pitt from men ^., % " Whore fons ft>aliblu'n their fathers were his foes:" Hence their daily feeble and impotent attempts to pick flaws in his virtues, which bJa:?e the brighter by being oppofed to the trifling blemiihcs, which thefe curious but malienarit learchcrs can with much microfcopic fpite diicover. It luch a man as Mr. Pitt is not without faults, a generous nature would weep over them : but it is feminine malice which thinks, by pubUftiing or by whifperlng foibles, to extinguifti the memory of his he- roic fervices. His enemies are confcious, that unlefs he is depreflTed, they can never fhine. ConvicV him of haughtinefs, and the theatric empty bbmbaft and infolence of the favourite may pafs for conciefcenfion and afiability. What pity that they cannot prove that Mr. Pitt is a block- head ! how many of our miniPiers would inflantly become wits ! Come, ye flander'»rs, (lick at nothing:^ accufe Ivn; of all the crimes of your |>iti"onsi it II the only way of white-walhing the latter. Swear he has thirty thoufand pounds a year in long an-" nuities i that he got immenlefums by contra6ls in Germany ; that the excife on cyder was his fchcfmei thi t while he was fccretary of (late he cbqfiniitted members of parliament toclofe imprifonmentithai he begged a peace, 3'id b approbation of it 5, that he loaded the civil lift witli debts by a profufion of pcnfions j that he infulted the ftauncheft (ridnd* of the houfe of Hanover -, that he made notorious Jacob ites privy counfcUors \ that he debarred the nobil ity from all accefs to their fovereign : and that, in the midlt of his infolence, he was fcized with 4 panic and ran away to Harrowgatc." n FINIS. t « It from lere liis 2pt3 to liighcer which In with man as nature malice fpering his he- is, that • fhine. theatric rite may hat pity [a block- inftantly nothing: Cfons} it . Swear long an-' itrafts in ifch^mev tpmitted ent i that >n of it J jfofufion [t fritjnd* lotorious arred the md that, d with a iii,-; ,J^>i»Jt;4