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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TKT CHArT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) ^ /APPLIED -vVlGE t653 Eosl Main Street (716) 482 - 0300 - PI lone (716) 2S8- 5980 -Fax inc •£.^ ^^^^^^^B;!i:i' '' ■ '■■'■I' ^^^^H'!i:;;;' ':li ^Hi| •:-■::■ li ■ ^Hill -■■.:■ :• ;:;■ ^■1 ^^^^^Hm'^ . km ^^■If ri;i;;;;;;!ii:;;';::,:!ij :'''''-'M'"'i ^|Bii .''•■' ;■'.'..'■''■' /I 1' 1-: ^^^^^^^H;: !.':::;; .,;:;!;i;^, '. ■"' ^^^^^^^H " " " " ' .;i;!i;i:.ii_^~_ HBiiil: iiiiiiB ^^^^BIIiHili ..i.tiin"'';"!";!;,';!! iitl;:;::!!:!::;;."^:;;:! ■ Oagt v-tsr-r Cjff , Cty'i^'>^-^u.^^^::^c^ I ^IP VAN WINKLE, WITH NOTES, &(j., ^ one .houBana':;,.. huii^/..^- Xw "'""• "" ''^ 0£3ce of »Y, in the RIP VAN WINKLE. . ^ i JlKl, f RIP VAN WINKLE WITH SKETCH OF AUTHOR'S LIFE. WORKS, &o t'1 di«taeteful to h ta SK-™ »''• 'Jslematic work being i|ilh„ son, the noveliBls if the Stt,?tu f"?'™" "<"■« OohlsmithiiTj't" borhood of New YoVk onT i • i "^ '"® "ol^le sceneiv in thp «l;-j ample field irthe od3 ti'es of th"'^ keen powers of observa^tion fo„W: two of his brothers, receivinir n. «L * !.* Pa^^tner in business vilh nothing of the work, one ofth« ^-Tif ''^*'^' P''^^*^' but doi SlittlTor engage in anything C in erte^titrhir?f,r"'"'"^ that^ii'sho d'd •ntoar. „ a.***?" ^«"t to EurODe. this f.m«. „- ij. -. . - rr---' - ^=»=. i.Tioi; wii the bankriin*-^,/^* r T" '• "^^ ^'' P^o^ea, for sev- ■.u.a.lu„ to Obtain -^-PW^l'l^^e^; ''aTS? 1^,;- t^J^^^ HIP VAN WINKLE. S91 RK8, &o '83 After i upon the the bar, he altogether > and John- n, Shakea- verywhere foundation 3 of nature the neigh- 1 found an h settlers, • In 1802 1 a series ni-health, ling after friend in 'less with I little or lie should For the magazine I'evei*, lie for sev- 818, and lecide to adopt literature aa a professiuu. HIh Sketch Book, the iirst number of which appeared in May 1819, was the tirst product of this new re- solve. He now visited variou!* countries on tlio continent, meeting, as in England, with most of the famous literary men of the time. In 1829, while living in the old Moorish palace of the Alhambrain Syaiu he received from the United States government the appointment of Secretary of Legation at London. This position ho holil for three years, returning to Amefioa in May 1832. The next ten years he passed in his native land. Duiing this period he produced several works; projected, and in part sketolied, a History of tlie Conquest of Mexico, giving it up when he learned that Prescott was engaged on the same theme ; made tours in various directions, one to the west of the Mississippi ; and in general led a happy life, interrupted at times by un- acountable fits of melancholy. His residence at ^annyside, on the cast bank of his loved Hudson nearTarrytown, — the very scene of the adven- tures in Sleepy HoUoio^—w&s the resort of friends and adrnji^ers, and the home of a family of orphan nieces and of an aged brother. In 18.38 he was nominated for mayor of New York, and soon afterward he was offered a seat in the Cabinet at Washington. Both of thetse proffered honors he declined : his sensitive nature shrank from mingling in the bitter personal politics of the time. From 1842 to'184(} he was United States ambassador to the Court of Spain. In the latter year he returned to spend his remaining days at liome, engaging in varied literarv work, in travelling, and in rest at Sunnyside surrounded by those he loved. He died at Sunnyside, November 27, 1859, having completed bis Life of Washington, his ** crowning work," the previous April. Irving's most important works are: — (S'o^mrt7Mnrf« (1806), a serial in- tended "to instruct the young, reform the old, correct the town, ami caatigate the age." It was very popular, but lasted only a year. Bistonj of Nnv York, a burlesque history of the State purporting to have been found iu manuscript in the chamber of Diedrich Knickerbocker, an old gentleman who had lately disappeared. This is Irving's most original work, abounding in rich humor and good-natured^wit at the expense of the descendants of the old Dutch settlers, mingled often with keen satire on the customs of society and of governments. The Sketch-Book (1819), completed in 1820, a collection of short papers con- taining some of his best writing, humorous, pathetic, descriptive, and otherwise. jBrnc^ftrirff/e /^a/^ (1822), similar to the Sketch Book. Life and Voyancs of Columbus ( 1828). Chronicles of the Conf/iiest of Grenada (1829), written mainly at Seville, not historical, but presenting "alively picture of the war, and one somewhat characteristic of the . .es, so much of the material having been drawn from contemporary hi t'uians." Voyages of the Companions of Columbus (1830), Alhambra (1 832), "a beautiful Spanish ' Sketch-Book '— the subjects being in the most ele- gant and finished style." Crayon Miscellany, a series of tales and sketches, including Tour on the Prairies, Abhotsford, Leqends of the Conquest of Spain, &c., that appeared in the course of 1836. Astoria (1836), principally an account of tlie- fonndlns of a colony at the mouth of the Columbia River by John Jacob Astor, a fur trader. Adventures of Captain Bonneville (1837), founded upon the journal of a U. S. oflBcer while exploring the Rocky Mountains and the Far West. WolferCs Roost (1855), a collection of his contributions to the "Knickerbocker {!?'• ; the smile in his iearl '^^'''""*^' *'>« spai^le n/ iu'' ^"^ "«v-er. as is 0^«a of the i±'i"jf r«« won the mero?rS?7- "'""'"»' •'•dtrne his stvle av« ^1- Aspiration camfi. tk. f^^*, Addison will tb^uI '°"^' inaccurate expreg- n »!TninK biography fomet and his Sue- f f of IVasLuton ^;'« capital for hiJ ution -a labor of e*f that death or ;ngoodBen8e.hi. 8, his longreci- ■t "«en of other "^anflmthego,. •al scenery ofhig f'er than Ameri- to one country mwaa to enter' »ajd to have no ^e and healthy npt to analyze workings of the as well as in objective, not to hurt any- intotheeports tic happiness, an in hia writ- iture, and his 'vidly before ■en sense of 1 joyed it and 8 never, as is surface of a >« his own. ictive, never be follies of ral and true iorrow— the and whose - seat friend, •be M^:dow e patience lands ; but :eful. He r through a account !ated any 11 readil^ ristics of d finish. B expres- niP VAN WINKLE 888 •ions, and unmelodious combinations. Hi "sense of form" was very delicate; consequently his sentences are carefully balanced ; due importance IS given to whatever is introducc.l.-nothing is out of propoitiou ; the transitions from one idea to another are never abrupt all are carefully prepared and seem perfectly natural. Indeed, ho may sometimes bo justly charged with over-elalmration ; ho awakens the suspicion that the feeling expressed is not genuine, and that his sole care IS the art in the production, and that ho is sacrificing truth to form. Of this defect "Westminster Abbey" i,* perhaps the most marked example. [The tollowingi Tale was found among the papers of the ]ato Diedrich Knickerbocker," an old gentleman of New York, who w.18 very curious in the Dutch' history of tlio province, and the manners of the descendants from its primitive* settlers. Hi? historical rescarclies, however, did not lie so niuchnniong books as among men ; for the former are lamenttbly scanty on his favorite topics, whereas lie found the old bu.'diers, and still more their wives, rich in that legendary lore so invaluable to true history.^ Whenever, therefore, he happened upon a genu- ine Dutch family, snugly sliut up in its low-roofed farmhouse, under a spreading sycamore, he looked upon it as a little clasped volume of black letter," and studied it with the zeal of a book- worm. 1 In this introduction Irvintr quietly laughs at those historians who relate as trua \^^Z ^rTJ *^t 'Tf Jfotesque of popular legends ; but the chief parH a char™^ teristic protest against the manner in which Ncry many leading men of the de^ndants of the early Dutch colonists regarded his "Knickerbocker's History of New York "-a bt^k h^*i.*?J'K *''*"* *'?''".''^ ^°i.^^'« P^°P'«' ^ho seem to have betM. unaWe to appreciate h„HvT.?{;- J»"'ff "dicates, in his own way, the origin, charac er, and pufrose of the book, with an amusing reference to its popularity, and at the same time intimates t ^""^ °' *>'« anxiety to be precise in .♦a.Z,""*"**®*'™ *"i ''*^'° oT*-^'^ *'**' *^« reputation of preservinir the legends and ttt ?.*„/°J:T'L'^T- Saint. Pi^ul.Bpeaks of "old wives' fables"; the Arabian «„m-S P«[CV, Scott, and others were taken down from the recitation of old peasant women, such women deserve our gratitude for saving these legends from destruction. • Black-letter is the name now given to the coarse, rude type in "Old EncHih" or German characters employed In the eariiest printing. The earUest print«i bS coS- BH ^^^^ADlJNMEADEIi.-BOOKVl.. The result of all these researches was a history of the uro ° "^'8" of the Dutch governors.' which he mil, ashed some years sin^ri tk i , ""»i'" Jie puo- tn ti It r "■" ''■■'™ ''«'"' ^•'"'ois opinions a„K«..* who. »»,' ."Si" ;!"" "■»»""•« '»>«<>l<«- : ».< ...el, i. a ™„,p„„„j „, „ („^y„,^ ^,,^, ml'&'"S.*1Sir''°' '"'™'"" "'' "'" "I" " •» Pl«.e.. Explain .1,e 10 FotthliconstracMonMoMason'.Graninmr «ec 2001 «„j.„. .i» . .1 Th. ..s.*hB=«... ."wr.«e„..E„,u^;,inri';r,".h*^,:"rY:r w^ 7.. >ory of the pro- which he pub- ous opinions aa the truth, ::t is iieritis its scn^^ lestioned d' itablished 3 a book ol >lication of his nnot do nuu'h ave been much i^er, was apt to now and then eighbors, and 'elt the truest s are remem- ins to be sus- But however till held dear aving, partic- far as to im- '^e thus given ing stamped'" 'I ire. Develop the int(uy=i), whose n (negative), and 38. Explain the 470 and note, n New York. BIP VAN WINKLE. RIP VAN WINKLE. 395 A POSTHUMOUS WRITING OF DIEDRICH KNICKERBOCKER. By Woden, God of Saxons, From whence cgrnea Wensday, that is Wodensday, Truth is a thinjj that ever I will keep Unto thylkei2 day in which I can creep into My sepulchre • — Cartwright. Legendary lore had always a charm for Irving ; he was delighted with Scott's M Min- strelsy of the Scottish Border"— ballads, legendary, and otherwise, taken down by Scott from chiefly the recitation of old peasant women ; he had read translations of German legends by different persons, and is said to have received from Scott the hint that sobw of these -night be made the foundation of an excellent story. In the characteristic note at the end of Rip Van Winkle Irving indicates the origin of his story— the legend of the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. According fio this legend the old emneror had not died, hut, attended by faithful Knights, was in a charmed sleep in an underground castle of the Kypphauser Mountain in the Hartz range, to return again when the glory and greatness of the German Empire had de- parted, in order to restore them once more. The attendant knights ha> e been seen. One Peter Klaus, a villager, while wandering in the mountains, met with a number of men in antique garb ; after being courteously entertained by them he returned home only to find that he had been absent twenty years. Other stories more or less resembling this are current among the German peasantry. Legends concerning the supernatural disappearance of people from the earth, and their subsequent return, are common in all parts of the world ; among others are tliat )f the Seven Sleepers of Epiiesus— seven young Christian men who, to escape persecution "he reign of th« Emperor Decius, retired to a cave where they slept two hundred . -rs, and awoke to find Christianity the established belief ; the legend of Thomas the Rhymer or Thomas of Ercildoune,— so ^.<-ominent in the Northern ballads of England and Scot- land,— who was taken away from larth by the Queen of Faivy Land, and who returns from time to time on various errands ; the nursery fairy story of the Sleeping Beauty ; Hogg's " Kilmeny " ; the famous legend of King Arthur, so long and so persistently believed in by the Welsh (see Greene's " History of the English People," reign of Edw. I.) In the " Passing of Arthur " in Tennyson's Idyls of the King, Arthur says :— " I perish by this people which I made, — Tho' Merlin sware that I sh'ould come again To rule once more." Sir Bediverc cries, as Arthur moves away in the black boq,t : — " He passes to be King among the dead. And after healing of his grievous wound, ' He comes again." But it is not the legend proper that constitutes the charm of Rip Van Winkle ; the humor lies elsewhere ; it lies in the delineation of Rip's character and domestic sur- roundings ; in the picture of the little Dutch inn with its landlord and frequenters, and in the astounding change within the short space of (apparently) a night, that dazes tho reader almost as much as it did the hero himself— a change from the snug, cosy Dutch inn with its old style sign to the ricketty, barn-like, slipshod " hotel " with the everlast- ing "Union" attached to it; from the fat, stupid, speechless Dutchman, Nicholas Vedder, to the lean, bustling, voluble Yankee " Jonathan " ; and from the sleepy villaije with its grave discussions of worn-out subjects and stale news, to the clamor of public speech-making in the warfare of modern party politics— the whole, with its dash of sportive satire and its mock solemnity, told in the author's happiest vein. The adapted legend forms only about a fourth part of the present piece. But although the story is of foreign origin, yet the little village with its inhabitants and characteris- tics of both its early and later days, the hero himself a denizen of the villa(.>-e, and the magnificent scenery of the Kaatskills and the "lordly Hudson" at their feet, are so inseparably united that we cannot conceive of the legend as bslonging to any other spot than that to which the auther has transferred it. ' 12 Thylke, "that," still used in Lowland Scotch ; acompound of the Ang. Sax. the, and lie (lik), like; mch is composed of sica, so, and ifc; which, of htoa, who or what, and lie. 396 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK VI. the rivor, swellin- un t„ 7, l fi t """"^ '" ""' '"'««' »* -ou,.w :r„c r; * ^0^ rjr "« "" - the weather, indeed every l.our of the Yav L , ' ""^'^ <=^»g'' »' ^he .a^iea. ..ue, aaAhape/oV tl 7^ ~:V^r°"^ '" Hue and ^Z^Zl^Cl^Z::^ ^ T'' '" i»g sky; but scnetnnes, when the Tst "^ the T t" ""'■ cloudle., they will gather a uS X^f ^^^.^l^^. I^ summits, which, in the last i-avs of th. >..» "'°"' ana light up like a orown of ^.^ "" ''"'"« ™''' *'" g'"- At the fqpfc of these fairy mountains fV, ^:.::^ed-f?tE"-^--; Stuyvesant (mayCe Un plT^rtl"' "' "' ''""'^^^'^^ houses of the „nt,i„al settltrT ■ ^^ ""■" '""^ °' *>>» of small yellow t:Lh::t trad '"; 'r"^-^ '"" .inaowdgahl^on^^ to ^tr;:^:t:::tr:rz ™^ "t ^^'''«'" 1 ^was sadly time-worn and weather- o?^;h«^ requirements of the story would natumvhHn ''" *^ '"'"d from tAc beX- by making .h;'dc:,;.~i;s S" mSta?* '" "■<' '""'•i«i™ . % teitiffi;' _jm. niust remember bered branch of y to the west of ling it" over the every change of some change in ; and they are perfect barom- y are clothed in the clear even- 3 landscape is >rs abuut their sun, will glow ger may have ullage, whose e blue tints of irer landscape. 5n founded by the province, iegoo4^ Peter e some of the ^ years, built •ving latticed 'cocks. )uses (which, ■nd weather- • The KaatBkJIls herefore brouufht J from the be^n- illajfe at the foot Jauh step in the iiie paragraph or IS often avoided rest theopeninif < sec. 872, note. 8 in accord with "Just— peace " f BIP VAN WINKLE. 397 beaten), there lived many years since, while th^ country was yet a province of Great Britain, a simple, good-" 'ured fellow," of the name of Rip Van Winkle. He was a d r^ndant of the Van Winkles who figured so gallantly in the chivalrous days of Peter Stuyvesant, and accompanied him to the siege of fort Christina." He inherited, however, but little of the martial character of his ancestors. I have observed that he was a simple good-natured man ; he was moreover a kind \ieiglibor,'^ and an obedient henpecked husband. Indeed, to the latter cir- cumstance might be owing that meekness of spirit which gained him such universal popularity ; for those men are ijiest apt to be obsequious and conciliating abroad, who are under the dis- cipline of shrews at home. Their tempers, doubtless, are ren- dered pliant and malleable in the fiery furnace of domestic tribulation,^' and a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching the virtues of patience and long-suffering. A termagant*" wife may, therefore, in some respects, be considered a tolerable blessing; and if so. Rip Van Winkle was thrice blessed. • Certain it is, that he was a great favorite among all the good wives of the village, who, as usual with the amiable sex,^' took his part in all family squabbles, and never failed, whenever they talked those matters over in their evening gossipings," to lay all the blame on Dame Van Winkle. The children of the vil- Note carefully the following description of a x« Why not man instead of fellow ! good-natured " ne'er do well." n In Delaware ; it was held by the Swedes who claimed, and had in part colonized that rajrion. See m " Knickerbocker's History of New York " the absurdly ludicrous mock heroic description of the siege and capture of this fort by Stuyvesant and his wonderful army. . 18 Why is this statement repeated ? Remark the mock earnestness in what immedi- ately follows,— one of the ekments of the humor of the piece. irl- of i • xi out the neigliborhood ^^ ^""^ *^'°"gh- couraged by a single nibble. He ^^u ,"""''' "°.' '"' ""- on his shoulder for hours togeth tmd n - " 'r 5"^^°™ swamps, and up hill and do™ 1 1 ft "^^ 7 """^^ ""' wild pigeons, 'ho would neZ ^ "t ' as' ^ T Tr'' "' in the roughest toil, and w.« a foremost ma" a .11 eoTf ", "r for husking Indian corn, or building so" Z' of the village, too, used to employ him to run f h ^ 7"'"™ to do such little odd jobs as their 1 s , ,i „ hTb T'^ """ not do for then. ;-in a word. Rip H eS'fo .tld ! ""'■'•' body 3 business but his own ; but as to doing l^Uyal 3 keeping h,s farm in order, he found it in.pofsibr ' '' "' J^l!^^^;^:^^^^^^^^::^^^''^^-^^ on his farm • it vr. approached. He . taught them to stories of ghosts, dging about the hanging on his lousand tricks on at liim through- nsuperablo aver- not be from the Id sit on a wet ^* lance, and fish )uld not be en- a fowling-piece )ugh woods and ow squirrels or ■ neighbor even country frolics . The women iir errands, and usbands would ittend to any- lily duty, and n his farm ; it 11," not" to," since contains also the irical, while "avor- iiot present to the irected, not of the IS to be the more lat effect does the enor of the piece? kt is the character 'hina oroner. anrf s. They also con" ranansare also of ''.are also Tartars. 1"? Change it to RIP VAN WINKLE. 369 was the most pestilent little piece of gr nd in the whole coun- try ; everything about it went wrong, and would go wrong, in spite of him. His fcnctvs wore coutinuiilly falling to pieces ; liia cow would cither go asl niy, or g(^.t among the cabbages ; weeds were sure to grow thicker in his il(>]d,s than any where else ; tlio rain always made a point of setting in just as he had some out- door work to do ; so that tbougli his patrimonial estate liad dwindled away under his management, acre l)y acre, until there was little more left tlian a mere patcii of Indian corn and potatoes, yet it was the worst conditioned farm in the neighbor- hood. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody. His son Rip, an urchiu begotten in his own like- ness, promised to iniuu-it the habits, with the old clothes of his father. Ho w^is generally seen trooping like a colt at his mother's heels, ecpiipped in a pair of his father's cast-off galli- gaskins," which he had much ado'« to bold up with one hand, as a fine lady does her train in bad weatbcr. Rip Van A\'"iukle, however, Avas one of those happy mortals, of foolish, well-oiled dispositions;-'^ who take the world easy, eat white bread or brown,*^ whichever caii be got with least thought or trouble, and would rather starve on a penny than Avork for a pound. If left to himself, ho would have whistled )ife away in perfect conteutuient ; but his wife kept continually dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was incessantly going, and everything he said or did was sure to produce a torrent of household elo(|uence. Rip had but one Avay of replying to all lecture s of the kind, and that, l)y frequent use, had grown into "Gallifraskinaweroakindof wide, full (ronsers, worn in the latter part of the 16th and beprinintj of the 1/th coi>tury. The word is said to be a "derivative cf the Italian Wrecftffwco— Greek ; a name Kiveii to a particular kind of hose worn at Venice." " J ■'ji^''' is a eonrractiou ust-a u« a noun for at do, to do : the preposition at was often used before the infinitive in the old Northern Enulish dialoct. J9 Develop the metaphor in "well-oiled disposition" ; also in " torrent o» eloqunnr- " volley, and draw oif his forces" l>olo\v ; note, in passing, any change ot metaphor, so Express 'eat— brown" in other words. 400 CANADIAN READER.— BOOK VI. a habit. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his ejes, but said nothing. This, however, always provoked a fresh volley from his wife, so that he was fain to draw off his forces, and take to the outside of the house — the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. Rip's sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was as much henpecked as his master ; for Dame Van Winkle regarded them as companions in idleness, and even looked upon Wolf with an evil eye, as the cause of iiis master's going so often astray. True it is, in all points of spirit befitting an honorable dog, he was as courageous an animal as ever scoured the woods ; — but what courage can withstand the ever-during and all-be- setting terrors of a woman's tongue ? The moment Wolf entered the house, his crest fell, his tail drooped to the ground, or curled between his legs, he sneaked about with a gallows air, casting many a sidelong glance at Dame Van Winkle, and at the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with yelping precipitation.s^ Times grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on : a tart temper never mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener with constant use.'* For a long while he used to console himself, when driven from home, by frequenting a kind of perpetuaP' club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village, which held its sessions on a bench before a small inn designated by a rubicund portrait of his Majesty George the Third.'* Here they used to sit in the shade tl' rough a long lazy J SI Remark upon "yelping precipitation." Show whether the author has hitherto been " minute in details." s» H jw many and what flgurca are contained in " Times— use " ? Develop them fully. 8S What is the author's object in usinfy " perpetual," and " sages and philosophers" And "profound discusoioiis" further on ? 84 Compare this description of tho inn and Van Bummel with that of the village ale-house and the school-master in Goldsmith's " Deserted Villaere." (See the critical re- mari<8 on Irving's style.) The additional personage, Nicholas Vedder, is a reproduction in miniature of Governor Wouter Van Twiller, in the "History of New York," a humorous satirir ~.tion of the phlegmatic Dutch character, so atti-active a subject to Irving in bi» earlier writings. The landlord serves materially to localize the itoiy ad, cast up his ovoked a fresh off his forces, side which, in F, who was as inkle regarded d upon Wolf oing so often an honorable ed the woods ; ng and all-be- : Wolf entered lund, or curled W3 air, casting I at the least the door with inkle aa years ows with age, s keener with isole himself, of perpetuaP^ sonages of the -e a small inn ;y George the [jh a long lazy iithor has hitherto "? Develop them and philosophers" that of the village (See the critical re- r, is a reproduction f of New York," a ictive a mibjact to ftlize the stoij JilP VAN WINKLE. 401 summers day, talking listlessly- over village gossip, or telling endless sleepy stories about nothing. But it would have been worth any statesman's money to have heard the profound dis- cussions that sometimes took place, when by chance an old news- paper fell into their hands from some passing traveller How solemnly they would listen to the contents, as drawled out by Derrick Van Bummel, the schoolmaster, a dapper learned little man who was not to bo daunted-by the most gigantic word in the dictionary ; and how sagely they would deliberate upon public events some months after they had taken place The opinions of this junto^" were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the mn at the door of which he took his seat from mornin-. till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the ^ade of a large tree ; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sun-dial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents,BT however (for every great man has his adher- ents), perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent, and angry pufTs, but when pleased he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds ; and sometimes taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl abouc his nose rj would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation ' From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in up- on the tranquillity of the- assemblage and call the members all to naught ; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, I thS wp„V„*jSiK'JeTre^„t"HS^^ I « Note this quiet little piece of wtire, ' * ^ "* " "'* 402 CAN AD [AN HEADER.^BOOK VI. who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in liabits of idleness. Poor Rip was at last reduced almost to despair; and his only altematI^'e, to escape from the labor of the farm and clamor ot his wife, was to take gun in liand and stroll away into the woods. Here he would sometimes seat himself at the foot of a tree, and share the contents of his wallet with Wolf with whom he sympathized as a fellow-sufferer in persecution. '' Poor Wolf,' he would say, " thy mistress leads thee a dog's life of It; but never mind, my lad, whilst I live thou shalt never want a friend to stand by thee !" Wolf would wag his tail, look wistfidly m his master's face, and if dogs can feel pitv, I verily believe he reciprocated the sentiment^^ with all his heart In"' a long ramble of tlie kind on a fine autumnal day Rip had unconsciously scrambled to one of the highest parts of the Xaatskill mountains. He was after his favourite snort of squirrel-shooting, and the still solitudes had echoed and re- echoed with the reports of his gun. Pantfng and fatigued, lie threw himself, late in the afternoon, on a green knoll, ^ covered with mountain herbage, that crowned the brow of a pr-cipice From an opening between the trees he could overlook all the lower country for many a mile of rich woodland. He saw at a distance the lordly Hudson, far, far below him, moving on its silent but majestic course, with the reflection of a purple cloud or tlie sail of a hgging bark, here and there sleeping on its glassy bosom, and at last losing itself in the blue highlands On the other side he looked down into a deep mountain gkn wdd, lonely, and shaggy, the bottom filled with fragments from the impending cliffs, and scarcely lighted by the reflected rays of the setting sun. For some time Rip lay musing on the scene ; evening was gradually advancing ; the mountains began to throw their lo ng blue shadows over the valleys ; he saw that • 88 Give the full exnlannfinn nt *»,ia .,1 . ~ ~~ cribed in siott/s Lady ofThe r^ake^a^ .*^*' mountain with that des- Amount for the charlcter^S tS'l^V^ou-of tc^iS^Sph " oS\^^^^^^ »-ors of Dame Van Winkle. ° encountering the ter- As*« ho was about to tlesron,] i, i '-llooin«, "Kip Vuu wt::\^\';"''»™r ''■''"''''''■''»'■» round, but could ,ee nothi "/bM ' ' ^^"*''' '" "^ '""keU fl.«l.t across the mountain "«;'" "?:,"'''"'"« "' -'"-/ "eoeived ),i„, „„a turned" ..a-;/'?'" "' '""^^' '""" '-o fame cry ri„« tl.rou.-h the sH ' "''' "''i-'" ''« ''«'"i the -J. «ivin« . loud ,rJ^^, XT *r,^.^"" Wstled „„ ,,3 1,„ ,;• fearfully down i„to"the glen K . ? '/r'"'^ ■^««' '"<"-g «on stealing over him • heLl / "' ^"" " ^'"S'"' "I'l^hcn! «on and ,.roeived a st'ra itCe'l";'?'' "' '"" -' ' 1™- and bending under the * h>,T ' f '""'■"" '"' ""= ''ocfo •»f He was surprised tol ITT^^ '^ -"«> on hi and unfrequented place ■ C T^ "" '"'"'« '" "'" lonelv the neighbourhood in nee'd of , "'""'"*'' " '° ''« ■'»™" one oj to yield it... "'"'' °^ ''« --»'a„ce, ho hastened down On nearer approach he was still n, ["■tyof the strangers ap It " /r'"'''""'' ■'' "^ -S"' bu.>t old fellow, with th k Ci;. 'T " ''''"■•'' ^'I"'»°- H- dress wa, of the anti,, -^^ "," "'"' " ""■■"'"'' ""="''• strapped round the waist, 'sLraut-'fT^" ^•'""' J"*'"'" one of an,ple vohnn,, de oratedtit " r"''"''" ""■' o"'- «;de.s and buttons at the la ec /"r °"™'*"" '"""'^ "■" ^^-■"if^L^^ee.ned to cont^n l^o "'Ir' '''! ^'"""''" » tMli^ i ' > 404 Canadian reader.-book vj. Rip to approach and assist him with the load. Though rather shy and distrustful of this new acquaintance, Rip complied with hjj8 usual alacrity ; and, mutually relieving each other," they clamhered up a narrow gully, apparently the dry Led of amoiiu- tain torrent. As they ascended. Rip every now and then heard long rolling peals, like distant thunder, tliat seemed to issue out of a deep ravine, or rather clbft, between lofty rocks, toward which their rugged i)ath conducted. He paused for an instant, but supposing it to be the muttering of one of those transient thunder-showers which often take place in mountain-heights, he proceeded. Passing** through the ravine, they came to a hollow, like a small amphitheatre, surrounded by peqiendicular precipices, over the brinks of which impending trees shot their branches, so that you only caught glimpses of the azure sky and the bright evening cloud. During the whole time Rip and his companion had labored on in silence, for tliougli the former marvelled greatly what could be the object of carrying a keg of liquor up this wild mountain, yet there was something strange and incomprehensible about the unknown that inspired awe and checked familiarity. On entering the amphitheatre,** new objects of wonder pre- sented themselves. On a level spot in the centre was a com- pany of odd-looking personages playing at nine-pins.*^ They were dressed in a quaint, outlandish fashion ; some wore short doublets,** others jerkins, with long knives in their belts, and 44 Examine the correctness ot this phrase ; also " so that — cloud " further down. 46 Compare the description of the hollow here with that of the T^oaachs in Scott's Lady of the Lake, canto I. 46 Amphitheatre— Or. amphi around, and tfieatron, seeing,— a thcncre with seats on all sides ; the usual theatre was in the form of a semicircle. The term is here applied to a litlle vale surrounded by hills, i 4T So in the legend of Peter Klau^ ; but Irving here takes liberties with the Enl^Iits of Barbarossa ; he makes them Dutchmen, but in his own way. <« Quaint — a very disguised form of the Latin cognitu». " In French the word toolf the sense ot trim. neat. fine. kc. : in English it meant famous, remarkable, eui-inun, ftr"-3 smote nith the Enlj>lit8 '.^«^-Kiffl;A*5?^^-«?-"'-v..„. WM.^„ -O: (it^ -ri- *^i 406 CANADIAN READER. -BOOK VL pany. IIo obeyed with four and trombliiin ; thoy quaffed the li([iu)r in prufountl HiloiiCP, nm hew w* turned to their game. By degrt!c-4 Kip'^ awe and ., ^nvh* jmion sukidyd. Ho oven ventured, when no ey« vr»M Rx. 1 uj.ou Jjiin, to tusfai the bever- age, which \w found had %um\\ of the thiVur A excellent Jfol- hinds, lie was imt^^mlly a thirsty soul, and was soon teuiptn.! to repeat the (Iriui^ht. Om tuHte i)rov()ke(l onother; and ho reiterated his visits lu Hie flagofi so often, thiif: at length his senses were overpowered, \m d :m swanv in his head, \m head gradually declined, and ho fell in( • a deep sleep.'* On waking, he found himself on tho green knoll whence ho had first seen tho old man of the ghni. He rubbed his eyes — it was a bright sunny morning. Tho birds wore hopping and twitfc(U'ing among tho bushes, and tho eaglo was wheeling aloft, and breasting tho pure mountain breeze. " Surely," thought Rip, "I huvo not slept hero all night." Ho recalled the occur- rences before he fell asleep. The strange man with the keg of liquor — tho mountain ravine — tho ^\ ild retreat among the rocks — the wo(}-bogone party at nine-pins — tho flagon — " Oh I that liagon ! 11. it wiik.nl flagon !" thought Rip; "what excuse shall I make t, Jam 'an Winkle?" . He looked round for his gun, but in place of tho clean well- oiled f(nvling-pi( 00, he foun»l an old firelock lying by hira, the barrel encrusted witli rust, the lock falling off, ami the stock worm-eaten. lie now sus})ected that the grave roystera of the mountain had put a trick upon him, and, having dosed him with liquor, had robbed him of his gun. Wolf, too, had disappeared, but he might have strayed awaj after a squirrel or partridge. Ho whistled after him, and shouted his name, but all in vain ; the echoes repeated his whis ;.o and shout, bufe no dog was to be seen. He determined to revisit tho . cene of the last evening's (nm- bol, and, if he met witfi any of the party, to demand liia dog 84 Why does the author remove Riti from hi8 supernatural company In this parti- cular manner? What ia the peculiarity in words such as " twitterinir," four line* below ? venmg s (nm- IIP VAN WIlfKLB. ^j itr:„a tint;::;; ::'::;,''=/"";''' ""-""" ""f- «- "l."ul.n,.vm„t„wir,. 'f """«'" «i|' """'I if Ihi, f,.„|,-, 'im- wit,; i,.,.,i ; ;!:!;""""'"■"• ' »'■"" '« •".»«, leapuij; rro,„ rock to rock „„,I fl '""« ''""■" "- ™-kin« hi,, toi,3om„ way fhro°,l , \T'''; " "'"''^ ^'''™' -ained. Tl,„ rocks pre," t,J It^ "^ ""* "P"^"'"« ■■'■- which the torro„t« c„ , „ t M- , ' ""'"""•'■'^'•''« w,.Il, over -nd feu iuo „ hroad Tep'h i SI",: n,;" f","""^ '"""'' Burrounding forest KotC tl. "^ «lui.lows <,f tlio --'. He^,.i,,.„f;::;/ :::„,7;«;i; wj« hro,,.,. to „ answered by tJ.e cawing of a flock f ' ''° '™' ""'^ in air ahout a dry treo%hat vTrh, J t """' ■''-"»g''isl. who. secure i„ their e,ev„tio,r eZj l '"7 !"'"""'^'° ' """ at the poor man's perplexities w, ^ ''"'"' "'"' '"»'' Lis breakfast He ,-rievId t! '^ '" *™"'"^'l f'"' ^™"t of ;Teaded to meet bis XtZ^Z^Jt,^'^ "^ «"" -^ "e tlie mountains. Ho shoo • bf. i 7, " "'""'o ""'"nt; iock, and, With at ;itf t ::! ™,"""'.' "^^ '"^'^ «- steps nora.nv.vd " '""' ""•'""'y. 'Mned his & .408 CANADIAN READER.— BOOK VI. (1 Ap he approached the village ho met a number of people, hut none whom he knew, which somewhat surprised hiiu, for lie had thought himself acquainted with every one in the country round. Their dress, too, was of a different fashion from that to which he was accustomed. They all stared at liim with equal marks of surprise, and, whenever they cast their eyes upon liim, invariably stroked their chins. The constant recur- rence of this gesture induced Rip, involuntarily, to do the same — when, to liis astonishment, he found his beard had grown a foot long I^" He had now entered the skirts of the village, A troop of strange children ran at his heels, hooting after him, and point- ing at his grey beard. The dogs, too, not one of whom he re- cognized for an old acquaintance, barked at him as he passed ; the very village was altered ; it was larger and more populous. There were rows of houses which he had never seen before and those which had been his famihar haunts had disappeared. Strange names were over the doors — strange faces at the Avin- dows — everything was strange. His mind now misgave him ; he began to doubt whether both he and the world around him were not bewitched. Surely** this was his native village which he had left but the day before. There stood tlie Ivaatskill mountains— there ran the silver Hudson at a distance — there was every hill and dale precisely as it had ahvays been. Rip was sorely perplexed. "That flagon last night," thought ho " has addled^^ my poor head sadly ! " It was with some difficulty that he found his Avay to his own house, which he approached with silent awe, expecting every moment to hear the shrill voice of Dame Van Winkle, He found the house gone to decay— the roof fallen in, the windows ei Barbarossa's beard has grown through the marble table " whereon ho rests his nead. SB Why beprin the sentence with this word ? Change the rest of the paraaraph to the direct narrative form, *^ BultlM "•'^'*"~'""° *^' '^"'' ^"" ''^^' * '^^'®^ • " **** <"^»'na' meaning is inflam- 409 HrP VAN WINKLE rfiottercd, and the dooi-. off tl, i,- that looked liked Wolf „» i,, "^''- ^ ^alf-starved dog by hi., name b ,t tl c' t" I!* '"°"' '' «'P '^'^ '""• 0.^ xhi, .;::: :— r^d^^r^j;:-- - -- poor Rip, -has forgotten me '" ^ ^' ''^^^^ the lonely chamb t .^t f r"'^ '" '"^ '"'" -" <=l'"'l-n; then all a'gain „a "LZ """""' "'*" '''' -'-■ -' vm;:":t r;rjrr i:: '-^f --■ - building stood in its nl»™ -T' ^^ ""'"'">' ""°J™ ' brokon:a„d»e 1 ,,'^from'ht '"T *''"'.'"« "'''^°*'' -'»" door was painted t17i? t ""f P'"'™'"-'' ^"^ "^'^ tb" Instead o'llat t ee^lT ''? ' 'T '°""«"'» "-""'«•" x>..tch inn oiyz:x:z^::t:/:^:^r't '''° something on the top that looked hie 1 " , .f "" "'"'' '""' ft was flutterin.. a flac „ ' ,, ""• "'ghteap, and from of stars and sWpes ,,."'"* "" " =<""'- — ""Se sible. He r^c 'la on 1™ ''?^° »<1 • inoomprehen- of King George, Ider wh eh ^^ . "'™^' ""= '""^ '-" peaceful pipe rb„;tlT,, "^ ™°'""^ =° """"y " The red coat was ehaZed "■"/'"S"'-'^ ".etamorphosed. beld in the han^ t::;'of aTel^t e 'r ''f T' ' ''""■' '- with a cocked hat and nnde. T, ' "* '*'''' ''""^orated ters, G.™„J wl:;i:t "' ^^ P^-^ -large chano- ^banged': Th!: wa. a tas Ts ^'^ "' ."l^ """^'^ """'''' ^' ijustling, disputatious tone about lii II i. 410 CANADtAK nEAbEH.—mOK VJ. ifc, instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquillity. He looked in vain for tlio sage Nicholas Vedder, with his broad face, double chin, and fair long pipe, uttering"^ clouds of tobacco smoke instead of idle speeches; or Van Bummel, the school- master, doling forth tlie contents of an ancient newspaper. In place of these, a lean, bilious-looking fellow,"^ with his pockets full of hand-bills, was liaranguing vehemently about rights of citizens— elections— members of congress— liberty— Bunker's Hill— heroes of seventy-six -and other words, which were a perfect Babylonish jargon'^ to the bewildered Van Winkle. The appearance of Rip, with his long grizzled beard, his rusty fowling piece, his uncouth dress, and an army of women and children at liis heels, soon attracted the attention of the tavern politicians. They crowded round him, eyeing him from head to foot with great curiosity. The orator bustled up to him, and, drawing him partly aside, inquired " on which side he voted?" Rip stared in vacant stupidity. Another short but busy little fellow pulled him by the arm, and, rising on tiptoe, inquired in his ear, " Whether he was a Federal or a Demo- crat :'■'«* Rip was equally at a loss to comprehend the question ; when a knowing self-important«5 old gentleman, in a sharp cocked hat, made his way through the crowd, putting them to the right and left with his elbows as he passed, and planting himself before Van Winkle, with one arm akimbo,«« the other .^hti"?" n ^^t'^'^y despised this typical Yanlcee Jonathan as he was amused at th. phlegmatic Dutchman, He lamented the displacement of the nlH in., w fl!! V * comfortle.^ village ''hotel" ; and ward and taTer^mcs wftlShe" h^jU^^^^^^ pseudo-patriotic cant and disifiaceful personalities he utterly loathed over the separate States than the latter was willing to grant government. B'' The self-importance of those in nffls-f- h.i with writers. ' ~ ' ft.waj-sbeeii a.favoriia subject of «aiir« y tranquillity, vith his broad lids of tobacco 1, the school- wspaper. In 'h. his pockets out rights of ty — Bunker's hich were a Winkle, ard, his rusty women and of the tavern m from head 1 up to him, hich side he er short but ig on tiptoe, or a Demo- he question ; in a sharp ing them to md planting ,*> the other ition with smoke ney," and othe< IS amused at th» by the modern hypocritical and Is uncertain; it te? In the fiarly ral fi:overnmcnt iibject of itaiira 3d into a, as in n in English of J? IP VAX WINKLE. 411 resting on his cane, his keen eyes and sliarp hat ponetratincr as lb were, into his very sou1,«t. do.uunded in an austere t^one, What brought liim to the election witli a gun on his shoulder and a mob at his heels, and whether he meant to breed a riot m the village ?"-" Alas ! gentlemen," cried Rip, somewhat dis- mayed, "I am a poor quiet man, a native of thaplace, and a loyal subject of tJio king, God bless him !" Here a general shout burst from tlie by-standers~" A tory i«« a tory ! a spy ! a refugee ! hustle him ! away with liim !" It was with great difficulty that the self-important man in the cocked hat restored order ; and, having assumed a tenfold austerity of brow, demanded agaiu of the unknown culprit what he came there for, and whom he was seeking. The poor man humbly assured him that he meant no liarm, but merely came there in searcli qf some of his neighbors, who used to keep about the tavern. " Well ; who are they ?— name them !" Rip bethought himself a moment, and inquired, « Where's Nicholas Vedder ?" There Avas a .ih.i.co for a little while, when aa old man re- plied in a thin, piping voice, " Xicholas Tedder ! wliy ],e is dead and gone these eighteen years ! There was a wooden tombstone in the churchyard that used to tell all about him, but that's rotten and gone too." " Where's Brom Butcher ?" " Oh, he went off to the army in the beginning of the war ; some say he was killed at the stormiiig of Stony Point««— others' say he was drowned in a s(iuall at the foot of Antony's Xose.^o I don't know — ho never came back a'min." 07 Show wherein consists the humor of "his keen— soul," and of " What— villa-m ?"' Is this sentence in direct or indirect narration ? wnat— Tillage 7 es Those who took sides with the English Government during the war of the Revolu- tion were called "Tories " by their opponents ; at the close of the war their propertv was nearly all confiscated and thev tli ,.„.«.,„n...i II; x'^:.^^"u\ Tl.'^^f'iy. iii^y were then termed "refugees:- " " "" ' """ •-^•""'•'"i' ' 69 A fort on the Hudson stormed by the Americans durins? the war. 70 A bold headland on the eastern side of the Tai)pan Zee,— a broad exnansion of fh« KT,;rk7Sk Vtc"hap'°4': '""^ °"^"" •'^ *^^ ''^^'^^ '•'Knick^toSrstoTol 412 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK. VI. " Where's Van BummelJ, the schoohuaster V lapses of time, and of matters ^hich he oulcl lo ^ TTT war-congress-stony Point • T V i understand : any more friends W ° "^ '"~^^" ^^'^ "« <^o»rage to ask after " ij iiiure iriends, but cried out in desmir «« r»^-. u i , know Rip Van Winkle ?" ^ °'' "°^'*^^ ^^^^^ " Oh Rip V^n Winkle !" exclaimed two or three -Of, fnT. sure ! that's Rip Van Wintl« .r^. 7 1 ' "' *° ^® Rip looked and h.] 1^ ^ ' ^'"''^"^ "^^^"^^ *'^« t^ee." werun the r \ ' P'''^'' counterpart of himself as he God knawa," exclaimed he, at his wit's end; 'Tm „ot Tv self— I'm somebody ehe_t),.,f'= „,„ j minotmy- body else mt intn !, t . yondei—no-that's some- ooay else got mto my shoes_I was myself last niaht but T f„ll ^leap on the mountain, and they've changed myg™ »devf ^2::^'{:^^ -^ ="--"• -" ^ --eii\:r-- .,• J'r ''^;'''"''^f ""'S"" ""^ '° look at each other, nod wink «gn,flca„tly, and tap their fingers against their foreh ads iTere wasa wh.sper,aIso, about securing the gun, and keeping th, dd e low from doing mischief, at the very suggestion of wh ch dpitadorT"^"""' •" *"" "='"' '"' '■°«-'' -"• -"0 P- pressed through the throng to get a peep at the grey-bearded man She had a chubby chihl in her arms, which fi.dteld ■^tiu^ks, began to c^y. ■. Hush, Eip,» cried she, " hul 1 n Show if younjr ftip jave early promise of thig, RIP VAN WINKLE. 413 litia general, laiiges in liis n the world. 3h enormous understand : to ask after lobody here "Oh, to be St tlie tree." imself as he certainly as confounded. himself or the man in 3 his name, 'm not my- liat's some- ;, but I fell and every- what's my nod, wink ids. There !eping the L of which some pre- ly woman y- bearded rightened hush vou httle fool, the old manwon't'^ hurt you." The name of the child, the tone of her voice,78 all awakened a train of recollections in iiis mind. " What is your name, my good woman ?" asked he. "Judith Gardenier." " And your father's name ?" "Ah, poor man, Rip Van Winkle was his name, but it's twenty years since he went away from home with his gun, and never has been heard of since ; his dog came home without- him; but whether he shot himself, or was carried away by the Indians, nobody can tell. I was then but a little girl." Rip had but one question more ; but he put it with a falter ing voice :'* ^ - " Where's your mother ?" " Oh, she too had died but a short time since ; slie broke » blood-vessel in a fit of passion at a New-England pedler."^* There was a drop of comfort, at least, in this intelligence. The honest man could contain himself no longer. He caught his daughter and her child in his arms. "I am your father!" cried he — " young Rip Van Winkle once— old Rip Van Winkle now ! — Does nobody know poor Rip Van Winkle ?" All stood amazed, until an old woman, tottering out from among the crowd, put her hand to her brow, and peering under it into his face for a moment, exclaimed, " Sure enough ! it is Rip Van Winkle — it is himself ! Welcomfe home again, old neighbor — Why, where have you been these twenty long years V Rip's story was soon told, for the whole twenty years had been to him but as one night. The neighboi-s stared when they heard it ; some were seen to wink at each other, and put M. Won't. The wo in this word is a remnant of the Old English wol, a form of the present tense of the verb wil'. won't is, therefore., coniposed of isci and jin.'— thn' h"-- ing dropped out. ' . ^ -- — •,....» .-.nr- w How could the " tone of voice" do this? 1* Why " faltering " ? 2? Is this statement in character? Why does the author insert it? Irving liked to satirize the energetic, but often unscrupulous character of the N-?w England traders. W' 1 ^ ^ ''niiPiTiu ''ffifl IB*. *« '' ''iiaiiiS^ H n||^i, 414 CANADIAN SEADER.—BOOK VI. her tongues ,„ their cheek. : ,uul the .self-i„,p„rt™t man in the fiolJ, .,erewc,I dowu.tho comevs „t his mouth, ,u„I shook his e,ul--„p„„ ,vh,eh there ,v.vs a general shaking „f the head throughout the assemblage.™ It was determined, however, to UU the oj,i„i„,> of old Peter Vanderdonk who wa, s..en slowly a,lvaneing up the roai Ho was a deseendant of the historian of that nan.e, who wrote one of the earnest aeeounts of the province." Peter was the most «nc,ent .nhahitant of the village, an.l well ve..ed in all the wonderful events and traditions of the neighborhood He re a"rv"; "' """• ;r' ""■"'"'""' '"^ =">■> "' "'" ™»' fact handed down fro-u his ancestor the hi.storian, that the Wskdl mountams h.^ • dways been haunted by stra, .e beinlr That :t was affirmed that the great Hcndrick Hudso„: the first d.seoverer of the river and country, kept a kind of vigU tier every tweny yeafe with his evew of the Half-moon ; bdng per nutted m tlus way to revisit the scenes of his enterprise: and keep a guardutn eye upon the river, and the gi-eat city called bv hjs name. That his father had once seen them in th": old Dutch dresses playing at nine-]m,s in a hollow of the mountain • and that he h.mself Inid Ireard, one sununer afternoon, the sold of their balls, like di.stai.t peals of thunder. To make a long .mory short, the company broke np, -and re- turned to the- more important concerns of the election Bin's daughter took him home to live with her; she had a snu-, wdl! urnished house, and a stout cheery fanner for her hi^band whom Eip recollected for oue of the uiehins that used to elim ' upon Ins back As to EipVson and hei, who was the ditto himself seen eanmg against the tree, he was employed to work on the farm; but evinced an hereditary disposition to attend to anything else but his business. ■ ™ fel» i„ the preocrfins p.rt o( ll.e .lo„. to a st.to„o„l 1„ a >1„,11„ .,_j„ » A .portivo reference to the •• Ulslor, of .\'ew Vork." )rtant man in 'I rtsturned to and shook his : of tlie head of ohl Peter le road. He lio wrote one i'as the most id in all the )od. He re- in the most lat it was a m, that the ange beings, m, the first vigil there heing per- 3rprise, aiid y called by i their old mountain ; , the sound p, and re- on. Rip's snug, \veli- •' husband, I to climb le ditto of id to Avork attend to RIP VAN WINKLE. 415 • Rip now resumed his old walks and habits • he soon found many of his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the weai- and tear of time ; and preferred making frien.k amon- the rising generation,'^ with whom he soon grew into crreat favor. ° • . Having nothing to do at home, and being arrived at that happy age when a man can be idle with impunity, he took his place once more on the bench at the inn door, and was rever- enced as one of the patriarchs of the village, and a chronicle of the old times ''before the war." It was some time before he could get into the regular track of gossip, or could be made to comprehend the strange events that had taken place during his torpor. How that there had been a revolutionary war— that the country had thrown off the yoke of old England— and that, instead of behig a subject of his Majesty George the Third, he was now a free citizen of the United States. Rip, in fact, was no politician ; the changes of states and empires made but little impression on him ; but there was one species of despotism un- der which he had long groaned, and that was— petticoat govern- ment. Happily that was at an end ; he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and out whenever he phased without dreading the tyranny of Dame Van Winkle. Whenever her name was mentioned, however, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes ; which might pass either for an expression of resignation to his fate, or joy at his deliverance. 79 He used to tell his story to every stranger that arrived at Mr. Doolittle's hotel. ~ He was at first observed to vary on some points every time he told it, which was, doubtless, owing to his having so recently awaked. It at last settled down to precisely the tale I have related, and not a man, woman, or child in the neighborhood but knew it by heart. Some alwavs pretended to doubt the reality of it, and i: 'stcd that Rip had been out of M Why should thw be? w Might another explanation of this be offeree' T See the o*rly part of the story. 416 CANADIAN READER.-BOOK VI. his li«.v/, and that this was one point on which he alwayg re- mained dighty. The old Dutch inhabitants, however, almost universally gave it full credit. Even to this day they never hear a thunder-storm of a summer afternoon about the Kaatskill but they say Ilendrick Hudson and his crew are at their game of nmepms ; and it is a common wish of all henpecked husbands m the neighborhood, when life hangs heavy on their hands, that they might have a quieting draught out of Rip Van Winkle's flagon. Baw him, was a very venerahlH nlH mo^ oJ,V^ /^f, ' ^"°» when I last Bistent on evLv oSr tioint fLf T I?'^"? ^'^^ "» Perfectly rational and con- fuse to Lkrthfs^So tSe barS- n^^^^^^ ^o-^W re- 6«a to b» their mother. She dwelt^orthe Se,f p'Vi? ^TrJl",?' .ad had charge of the door, of day and nigH tfopeVandlnt .1,?™ ,.'l'' .Pin lighfummer clSoSt oTSw^'b 2d°SinT£w'aSndr',f ^ould'faU in genffe .ho^rCa' .'ing t « sr.,7^^^^^^^^ .'"OJ' ' and the com to grow an inch er, ?,o..r T? j;.lf 'P*?"?' ">« '""'« »o ripen, brew up cloud, flack J" S^elSi'^gYn tS m S r«f1hemTr 'a Sttllbc? »ih;rernier-io';n;tiSeVi;eTS!.^irrfo%r^^^^^ •• Thi. Ignorance in offlclale 1. witarized in mow than one of Irvin-r-B woika. RIP VAN WmKLB!. 417 always re- ver, almost they never e Kaatskill their game d husbands leir hands, n Winkle's :e8ted to Mr. peror Fred- joined note, an absolute , but never- :old Dutch md appear- . the villagea admit of a when I last al and con- n could re- on the sub- he iustice's ssibility of D. K." Qoraudum- region full influenced id sending aw spirit, Catskills, lem at the up the old Jhe would Bend them of carded sun, they a to ripen, ihe would )ottle-bel- , woe be- anitou or uinn. fmd itionsup- ther, or a deer, lead the bewildered hunter a weary chase through tangled forests and among ragged rocka, and then spring off with a loud hoi hoi leaving him aghast on the brink of a beetling precipice or raging torrent. " The favorite abode of thia Manitou is still shown. It is a great rock or cliff on the loneliest part of the mountains, and, from the flowering vines which clamber about it, and the wild flowers which abound in its neigh- bourhood, is known by the name of the Garden Rock. Near the foot of it is a small lake, the haunt of the solitary bittern, with water-snakes basking in the sun on the leaves of the pond- lilies which lio on the surface. This Elace was held in great awe by the Indians, insomuch that the boldest unter would not pursue his game within its precincts. Once upon a time however, a hunter who had lost his way penetrated to the Garden Rock, where he beheld a number of gourds placed in the crotches of trees. One of these he seized and made off with, but in the hurry of his retreat he lot it fall among the rocks, when a great stream gushed forth, which washed him away and swept him down precipices, where he was dashed to pieces, and the stream made its way t6 the Hudson, and continues to flow to the E resent day, being the identical stream known by the name of the Kaaters- ill." Show what characteristics of Irving's style are illustrated in Kip Vt^n Winkle. [The following is a poetical version of the Barbarossa learend by Oxm German poet, Backert.] BARBAROSSA. Der ait J Barbarossa, der Kaiser Friedrich, Im unterird'schen Schlosse halt er verzaubert sich, Er iat niemals gestorben, er lebt darin noch jetzt ; Er hat im Schlosz verborgen zum Schlaf sich hingesetzt. Er hat hinabgenommen des Reiohes Herrlichkeit, Und wird einst wiederkommen mit ihr zu seiner Zeit. Der Stuhl ist elfenbeinem, wor&uf der Kaiser sitzt, Der Tisch ist marmelsteinern, worauf sein Haupt er stiitzt Sein Bart ist nicht von Flachse, er ist von Feuersgluth, Ist durch den Tisch gewachsen, worauf sein Kinn ausruht. Er nickt ala wie im Traume, sein Aug' halb oflFen zwinkt ; Und je nach langem Raume er einem Knaben winkt. Er spricht im Schlaf zum Knaben, Geh' hin vors Schlosz, o Zwetg, Llnd sieh ob noch die Raben herfliegen um den Berg. Un wenn die alten Raben noch fliegen immerdar, So rniiH!/. ich 9i}ch noch schlafen verzaubert hundert Jahr. 9m I Gage's Classical MM Exaitf. VIRGIL'S iENEID, BOOK V. 1-36L -IS^^^,re&ffi^^^^ B.A.. PrlnCp... S. CoNTKNTH—Introduction Summary of NotoH, CoUection of Synonymes, Index of Proper NaraeH, MiBcellany! E^m° nation Papers, and a complete Vocabulary. *"nii. . NOTICES : ■upcrior to nil others. Aftera careful examination of ieveral effltJniw n# ♦».«' the NotcB neat and scholarly. The chantpr nf Mi!^ n "*' **." 'T,'^"*". of Synoiiymefl make this work siii^Hnr/nL^ collection tak.^le.^ure theo in re coZendSTwork U^^^^^^^ solf to all who examine it. ""'""'"» * *«" "Wch will commend it- 8. W. PuKRT. M. A., aa sslcal Matter. Strathroy H. S. The nioMii complete edition. DavidH^h, D.A.. II.M'II.S.rNewburffh. Viall nsf his cdltloD. "~~" \ think Wetherell'i notes on the fifth Book of Vii^i »«.». _...* ut . Hl^rh School pupil, and sUll use his^iK with L^cl^^ Th^V*/"' of Proper Names, Taale of Synonymes 01o8«iri^nf vi"-. ^^« ^'"lex Literary Critioues ChronologiW and BioSSi^l v*f ^-''f ' ^•^l'"'' Examination Questions, 4c., make it «) c"mDle?I f„ jf^^wTrf II^ student will need nothing bit a Utin Gmi^Z?toli„.l *" ,*^^* *^^ knowledge of the subject. urammar to acquire an intimate J. A. bLAKKM, M, A.. B.SO.. H.1I.H.8.. SmUb; Falls. Well Kot np« Wetherell's Virgil geem* very well got ud and li a irr^mt mAam^^ *- Canadian Educational Literature. ^ *^'*** addition to « W. H. T. Si iKLLKB. B.A., H.M.H.S.. Gananoque. Focabiilnry go ad. -J!LUo"S^'o?':2:idVc!;?tiS"""' " '^' "- N«*« ~nci.e. «id . Jno. J. Maori, M.A., Head Master, Uxbridge H B. w. J. GAoc: & c«>raPAivv. «duc««oii«i Pu6ii«fier«. Torojtto and Winniptg. (OTIB. tiqu.ri.n Sr^g.'^« "««'"» '^aching, or"coSi»'S phlLT'"'«' •"'* • »«<»iive I'JiiloJogy and An- «uat,y.*~ "J' "^e promoter. 0/ this Series to Mud« u'' "^ omUvou™ ™uu«r it a credit to our 1 Cicero, Cato-MajoJ^! ~ Cicero, Pro Archil! I n. NoTM—ciear ..nH , Authors 0/ Ro- Homer's Iliad. "" ~- By Samuel Woods M a m . i 9Kiotka. ^'jyJn, the l.t. ni»l iketch of erature, and % oiogy and ^„. *>»*< personal 10 eridoavouri cieiiit to our >r of ClMiloa Tebouiy. 2. Chrono- dors of Ro. numeroui aly of ■*. • Pelhom Y College, looL »8' Lfttin 8, M.A., m. J. (Sage * Coe. |lfU, (gburational ®ork». WORKS FOR TEACHERS ANDmn)ENTS. DY JAS. L. HUoi^ Mistakes in Teaching. ByJA».LAioiiu.yII.M,„M. Second edition. Pric««fV^ *oo„Ko Br „.„ „.v.H.rr o;j^. .k ..«„.„ w^T.^^^a^^ coistr/i;, j,T5^-/.-r.;r^^^^^^^^ ?; *»- -'-take, be preventing thuir hilfhorHUCce^. ^ ''*'"'"■" '"'-•thode or habite uiay Tlie mistakes are armnjfed under the following head« • irow to Secure and Retain Attention. By .... L.non.. Hcu„«. "J^^^'^g ^^^^^ Manual of Drill and Calisthenics for use Schools. ScZl: k: T^'i;:^^'^ ^"-P-*-. -r-onto. Oradu^ato^f MUOa^ immmmm m BOOKS FOR TEACHE^;^^^^^^^^^-^;;;^^ nyTj^f'"'' ^^P^^^ ^" Arithmetic. Thomas KinKLirM.' ^ fce^nee m'J^XZS S&%'''^''t «"*- "«> i secant. cornpIeteEdition,^;^^ . p^,^,^^^ bTjTm?" ^^P"'" ^" Arithmetic-Part I ^^^By J. A. MCLK..... M. A.. LL. D.. and Thos. Kr.K..... m. A. pupils preparinjr for admission to HrghSchU'^'*'''" ^°' ^'^^ "'^ °' ^^ ""inlrUhmltTc^^'^'^^^ ^^Pe- Fourth i^tfof • ": ^-^ '''•J'- '^"•' ?"• «"^«--- "• ^■ Third Edition. - .' "'''''''''' ^'^^'^ ^'^'^^^l^. Ontorio. Authorized for use In tie Schools of Nova'scotia. ^^ ^^''*^- McLellan's MT^^i^TX^^^i^etic-.^Part II ThirdEdiC'^'^'*^' '""^'^' •'"'^ «*^^ ^''^-^ ^'"'^ents. T^u ^ ,' ^^--^L_ P"ce, 45 Cents. The Teacher's Hand Took of Algebra, second complete Edition?"""' f ' ""' ^"^1 ""', Teacher's HanTB^^iT^rXlgebra.-'-ParT Price. • ^r'*'^'°;">«"«'<''^"terzncdiate students. v^ \ ' '— ^ 1__ " "^S Cer-s. Key to Teacher's Hand Book of Al^ehro Second Edition, . , •^'geora. Price, $1.60. i J. Olage & QLoz. |leh) (gbitcatioual SHorke. HAMBLIN SMITH'S MATHEMATICAL WORKS. Atithorized for uSc, and now used in nearly all the principal Schools of Ontario, (Quebec, Nova Scotia and Manitoba. Hamblin Smith's Arithmetic. An Advanced treatise, on the Unitary System, hy J. Hambi.in Smith, M. A., of Gonville and Cains Colleges, and late lecturer of St. Peter's Col- lege, Cambridge. Adapted to Canadian Schools, by Thomas Kirkland, M. A., Science Master, Normal School, Toronto, and William Scott, B. A., Head Master Model School for Ontario. 12th Edition, Price, 75 Cents. KK Y. — A complete Key to the abova Arithmetic, by the Autljors. Price, $2.00. Hamblin Smith's Algebra. An Elementary Algebra, by J. IIamhlix Smith, M. A., with Appendix by Alfred Baker, B. A., Mathematical Tutor, University College, Toronto. 8th Edition ' Price, 90 Cents. KEY. — A complete Key to Hamblin Smith's Algebra. Price, * $2.75. Hamblin Smith's Elements of Geometry. Containing Books I. to VI., and portions of Books XI. and XII., of Euclid, with Exercises and^Notes, by J. Hamblin Smith, M. A., &c., and Examina- tion Papers, from the Toronto and McGill Universities, and Normal School, Toronto. Price, 00 Cents. Hamblin Smith's Geometry Books, i and 2. Price, SO Cents. Hamblin Smith's Statics. By J. Hamblin Smith, M. A., vith Appendix by Thomas Kirkland, M. A., Science Master, Normal School, Toronto. Price, Hamblin Smith's Hydrostatics. KEY. — statics and Hylrostatics, in one volume. Hamblin Smith's Trigonometry. KEY. — To the above. 00 Cents. 75 Cents. $2.00. $1.25. $2.60. ^:^;m^_^o^Xcta ehxcixtionni mik^ MASON'S O^ADIjI:^^^-^^^;^^^^^^^;^^^^^ I Mason's Outlines of English Grammar, PJ.JJJQ ^'^' t'le use of junior classes. MasU Shorter EnlHTh Grammar. "" ""''• Price, °'''"°"' °°'' ""'"'" ''""•»' "•'°-i»«. 2« !««-. ,, ', . 80 Cents. Mason's Advanced Grammar English Grammar Practice ^r^^SZ^!^^!^^^^^^ "Shorter En,H.s,. j lessons in such a mannov i= fti k •,' . , *^^ ^"^^ arranged in Droirn-sxivo English GrarnnLSl,^ tl'^e tStv%aiv^t''""V"^"«^^^^^^^^ tnghs^h work to the most difficult'Sm^^^^ -»Pi-t ' ^ '. ' SO Cents. Tw "J^^ ?^ English Grammar. definKrd^a'Sol^fll JSe^^ t S^/ form by means of carefn, practice. The iearner i.s ma lo a«,minifi • ^*"^ '^'"^ ^'^"«d examples for most important of the olde^^ornTsI) ffi ;h"wm '"^"••«' ^'th the are constructcfl, and with the element "of whin ' ^^ '^*^J" *^"<^h ^-^r-ls up. Analysis is treated so far as tL irfve h,*^.'!' '"^^''r", K"ff««h i^ niad. tences of p ain construction and m^'e dlflcu'J?r £ thf "^' ^"'' «^"- English Grammar a mraVvSeta?;^^ --" greater fulness, and carried to M therequirenicntso Co,S The work contains ample materials standard of the Matriculatfon'E*amfnattonny^h°'T? '^'"'^J'^ ""^ '«»«* the The Shorter EnglisrSmm^r '"'"""'^"^ S>^l'fot ES&udie?\''uTth^^ " ''"^'*'^ ^'-""* 0' «™e at thei^dis- been the only English Grammar ,!lL^V^'^T'''' °^ ^"^hools in which it has 28. QO Cents. '• P Mason, ilarged and iston. M.A., 75 Cents. 2nd me the The chap. 3 place thf ladian -ub «r English arogrustiive xt book of le simplest Cents. of careful imples for , with the ieh words 1 is ninda witli seij. sarried to materials least the xidon. fchei* dis- h it has mstered, on. J. (gage & (Eo's |lcto (Elinfational SEorko. Key to Teacner's Hand Book. NEW BOOKS BY DR. McLELLAN. The Teacher's Handbook of Algebra. m^SXoS^^- ^' '• ^- ''''''''''' ^- ^- ^^- ">'" ^"^'^to' oi ^^°^' $1.25 Teacher's Hand Book of Algebra.— Part i. Price, ^--^ . 75 Cents. Prlce,$1.50, JLT'^'''"'^ P'<":,r'500 Exercises, including about three hundred and Pff v sowed examples, .liustratmg every type of .Question set fn e"ementao A^S wi;f.^Si^S^;;;;!lSS^Sr*^ M«,tip,icatio„and Division. ou" rsSaih'cSL?;;]it:""'" °' *'' p^'^'p"'^ °' ^>'""-*'^-- -'»»» ««-«. It contains a more complete ilhji=f»-'i'-,n of th^ fiior.-,. «» ^:..' ... . oeautifu. a.,plications. th'an is t! befc^rd ill'fy S^^^^^^^ ^'t** ^^^ It contains what aolu mathei; ati;U teachers have pronounced to hn thm "finest chapter on factor! i;- tl at li w ever appeared " '""°""™'' *° °e the MLVers"S''rnalysir* "" '^"^ """^'^°''^°' ''•*^^^'"«"* "^ ff-<^» ^^y the jreat It contains the finest selections of nroixiriv classifipd onnnf :-,„. . .j^u methods of resolution and reduction, that hl^y^ aJSml. ' ^ It conUins a set of practice j^iwrs made up by selcctinc the heif of fhn questio!is set by the University of Toronto during twenty years It is a key of the methods, a repertory of exercises, which cannot fai! to juak^e the te«:her a bet:. . teacher, and the student a^norft^ugh aU° > anKit'ed slates^" ''''''''' "■°™ '''' '^'^'"" ''»"^°""<^« 5" ««** Britain h/.lJi!lV^*'^^ ^T'' of'^ Canadian Teacher and Inspector, whose name ia Hon^?r^^^J"r''" ''''•'■?,'"^ the bounds of his native l5^vince, for his eLr t on vWh h„T'"r '''f po'»oting that admirable system of public instntc tion, which has placed he Dominion of Canada so high, as regards ediV™ t.on not only among the British Colonies, but nnmti" the civmzed naHnna of the world. We know of no work in tin's cou. tn t Int cxaoHv „nn.V • ^ the place of Dr. MoLellan's, which is not .e.d "ftki book of i'lS'Tn the ordinary sense, but a Manual of Metho-is for Tethers ilk strSf the ever/ktnd!"'* '''"" *'^'*'"'"* °' '^''■^^^^-'^^-^ ProblSWd soffiions of M-Pfc-iw..* A . .. r*^"*' Barnes' Edicational MoNrntv N T The best American Algeb ra for Teachers that wc Have evir elkminld." '^, i ^ THE BEST ELEMEXTARY^^^^^^^^T^^ Gage's Practical Speller Price. "" *''''''^''''' ""'^ ^i'ELLlSG AND DICTATION. Sixty copies ordered. —"^ „ , SO Cents. After careful it.suect on ur« nn»,„o> .■ , '*''"' ^""'^^^ Advocatb, in. boo. ever .. u.e 'C::;:;^;:^^'^^^:^:: z:r ^^"• frequent re icwod moult w^rr ""P'"^''^'^" °» '^'^ '"en.ory by the selection of on,, «„:!? :::;*rdra?a;e"; Z.;'';:;; of"'"'' '"" ^"°'''^>*''" Mr Reid H. S. Master heartily reeonf S ' the J 1^::;" TT ""• sixty copies. It is a book tliat shnnM »>» . ' "* ordered some well as in the school room. ' °" '^'"^ '"^""-'^^ '"^"'^ table as Is a necessity. \ ° We have already had repeated oc«..,inn f Ti ^^''^•"'««' Haupax. tional Series o. which thls^t'oT'Tl «sX .fa' ^' ^^'^ ''"^"^■ ^rnr" - '-' "■'''- - - -..o„dr:^J:r:i?;rr^h•e ::: Good print. ° — Whatitis. °— " It is a spiies of ffraded loMona n«r,* • • ., Stratiiroy Aob. / With abbreviations, e^ viz," 11?'"^ the wonfe in ^enem, use ' ing acollectio„o;the:ost1if«rrS^^^^ of Utemry selections whicL may be used^r di.t^n T^"' """^ " """"^^^ ted io uiemory by the pupHs. ^"°" '"''''"■^> "'"^ comnuf E very teacb er shou Id introduce~lt n It is an Improxen.ent on the old spellin..' honfc ^ '''"'?'' '^^^™««an-. introduce it into his classes *^ ^" ^''^'^ ^^"^^^^ should The best jret seen. ° — n It is away ahea- of any"snel'er"th,.f «.. . ^"'^J'"""'^ ^ux, Nova Scotta. we have yet seen. , "** ''"^''"'tion before us is the b«st Authorized for use in the~Sphoois of Ontario. The Epoch Primer of English History. By Rev. M. Creioiito.v, M. A., Late Fellow and Tutor of Morton Colleco Oxford. •• • Sixth Edition. - • _• ^ PHop 30 Cents. Most thorough. ABERDEKX JOIRNAL. This volume, taken with the eight small volumes containing the ac- counts of the diflcrcnt epochs, presents what may be regarded as the most thorough course of elementary English History ever published. What was needed. ° Toronto Da.lt Globb. It 13 just such a manual as is needed by public school pupils who are going up for a High School course. Used in separate schools. ° m. Stafford Pribst ^^ W e are using this History in our Convent and Seimrkte SchooU; in Und- Very concise. ° Hamilton Times. I A very concise little book that should be used in the Schools. In its ' pages will be found incidents of English History from A. D. 43 to 1870. in* ' teresting alike to young and old. The book will prove a favorite with teachers preparing pupils for the entrance exauiinations to the High Schools. Very attractive. ° British Wmo, Kingston. This little book, of one hundred and forty i,age8, presents history in a very attractive shajie. Wisely arranged. ° Can«d^ Presbttbrian. The epochs chosen for the division of English History are well marked -not mere artificial milestones, arbitrarily erected by the author, but rea. natural landmarks, consisting of great and important events or remarkable changes. Interesting:. Yarmoiti! Tribunb, Nova Scotia. With a perfect freedom from all looseness of style the interest is so well sustained throughout tlie narrative that those who commence to read it will fino it difficult tc Jeave off with its perusal incomplete. Comprehensive. ~~ literary World. The special value of this historical outline is that it gives the reader a comprehensive view of the course of memorable events and epochs, Revised Ed. M iller's La nguage Lessons. Nearly two hundred thousand have been «oW u,ifKs„ *i, i ^ - Miller's Swinton's is authorized bvthfiiSi^,*-^***A" *''° '*8* 'o"' years, the Schools of Ontario. ^^y the Education Department foruw in WK ^.^ I^ition prepared as an Introductory Book tn Moa„«.- « both having tlie same Definitionr """^''^"y ^ok to Mason's Grammar, A THonoUGH EXAMINATION OIVEK. tP:*K ^oSrnL*;1tfatoTo?r^^^^ T^-^^"" A^ocia- Association, appointing "KdeXnld a fw^f/^^^'*'™'^.""*^' the spective merits of different SWmrnnm.SJ^l*^"' to consider there, most suitable one for Public SchCls w^ w iSv^Vn * "'T JV l"«^K«8t the ly comparing the various editions lhJL„fi^ *** "'P"'^' ."'"t, after ful- that "Minor's ^witiV^rT'o r that have been recommended, we belie va It was moved and ''Seconded tw fh.?" °\^il?'" ^P*^*'^ «''*»°"J' Carried unanimoriy. ^°°°"<*^ **>** *»»« report bo received and adopted— To avoid mis takes, ask for M iller's Swintwra. Mason's Outlines of English Grammar. AUrnORIZBD FOR USB IN SCHOOLS. SS V-'^?" ^'^ 0-fveX«e -'i- d^r ^ ^^ P Sixth EngUsh. and fourth Csmadlan Edltlor price 46 eta. ^ M? n ®i?«''^ ^'^'"' Toronto. ementary and much n^d^d work rS'J^rf'^fr'^ f "^^ *««"«* » ™ow «»' The text of this work Ksrantlnv fht^c ^"*^ "J ?"8^"^'» Onunmar." in both matter and form osStlhl? f h„ f""^ f that of the lai^er trcat««e are either omitted or v^ g '^^j^ i^Txteng" *" "°*^ " *•»• '»**" M -, § I « . >