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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. mad to ensure 3 I2X 1 2 3 4 5 6 MONTREAL HARBOR. (J- REPORT OK Tin: CHIEF ENGINEEE, Ol THE DHPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, CDAJIST A.D-A., ON IHK ST. LAVVRENCK BRIDCK ANi> MANUFACTURINCi COMPANY'S SCHEME, i-OR I'ROPOSEl) WORKS. 1883. MONTREAL HARBOR. REPORT OF THU CHIEF ENGINEER, OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, ON THE ST. LAWRENCE BRIDGE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S SCHEME, FOR PROPOSED WORKS. 1883. :^COim3B.A.L H-AJEKBOK- REPORT or THM CHIEF ENGINEER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. am THE 8T. LAWRENCE BRIDOB AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY'S SCHEME FOR PROPOSED WORKS. Jfo. 64g8 MONTREAL HARBOR SHEARER SCHEME. Ref. ao,53i DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. Chief Engineer's Office, Ottawa, 19th March 1883. F. H. Ennis, Esq., Secretary Depart. Public Works : Sir,— I have the honor to submit, for the information of the Honorable the Minister, the following with reference to an application made to Parliament by the promoters of the Saint Lawrence Bridge and Manufac- turing Company, commonly called the "Shearer Scheme," for powers to construct a dam or embankment across the St. Lawrence from Point St. Charles, at or near the abutment of the Victoria Bridge, to the head of St Helen's Island, opposite Montreal ; and a bridge across the channel be ween said island and the southern or St. Lambert's shore, the whole with the new of the creation of power for manufacturing purposes, and attordina a means of iraniiit fnr MjyK-r— -«j —M . ^ . «^ ti. ~j ,. . . S«w-jr o«« raiiway iraino Detween the north and south sides of the river. — 4 — The embankment proposed is to contain three series (of ten each) of controlling sluices capable (so stated) of passing into the harbor 486 mil- lions of cnbic feet of water per hour, the control of these sluices, it i» proposed by the promoters, shall be placed in the Board of Harbor Com- missioners, and Mr. T. F. Bateman, the Engineer to the Company, (from whose report of the 18th January of 1882 I quote) states that they should, be closed during the winter season, and opened only when required during the season of navigation, etc. It is further proposed that the embankment shall contain 35 sluices for manufacturing purposes, capable of discharging into the harbor about ,364 millions of cubic feet per hour, and these sluices are also to bo generally superintended and controlled by the Harbor Commissioners. The total flow of water into the harbor through these systems of sluices will amount to 850 millions of cubic feet per hour, or 236,111 cubic feet per second. As this embankment will obstruct the present course of the river past Montreal, it is proposed, for the purpose of increasing the discharging power of the channel between St. Helen's Island and the St. Lambert jhore, hereinafter called the South Channel,— to remove entirely Moffat's Island and its connexion with the shore, also all existing islets, rocky patches, and obstructions, and to widen and straighten it at the points colored red on the plan herewith, which is a reduction of the plan submitted by the promoters of the Company. It is further proposed to widen the passage between St. Helen's Island and He Ronde, to permit the passage of 85 millions of cubic feet per hour into the harbor, thus- increasing its discharge to 935 millions of cubic feet per hour— exclusive of the discharge from the Lachine Canal. This discharge of 985 millions of cubic feet per hour is equal to 259,722 cubic feet per second, and if to it be added the discharge per second from the Lachine Canal, viz., 2,288 cubic feet, the total discharge into the harbor of Montreal will be, according to Mr. Bateman, 262,01(> cubic feet per second. 4) w h t- i.1 i>^i.»»4:^n »f ik^ r\ynwv%maA amhatilmiAint utiII ATitirfllv bar the passage of steamers and craft through the present and only channel, it it . w I i (proposed to excavate a channel along the southern side of St. Helen's Island, 800 feet in width, to an uniiorm depth of 10 feet below the present bed of the river, so that when the level of the harbor has to be mainUined by keeping the whole of the sluices running full bore, theru may be a •ufficient depth through the South Channel for all purposes of navigation. This project bears upon four interests, each of much importance, and Slaving, in a degree, a connexion with each other. 1. The navigation of the St. Lawrence above Montreal. 2. Its effects upon the Harbor 4>f Montreal. 8. Its effects upon the country on either side of the St. Lawrence to the foot of the Lachine Rapids. 4. Its effects upon the City of Montreal. With respect to the navigation of the St. Lawrence above Montreal, it is claimed that, by clearing the South Channel of all obstructions, and excavating a deep channel as proposed, the boats now plying to Lapreirie or descending the Lachine Rapids will not in any way be interfered with. The only objection to this channel for vessels is that the distance between Montreal and Laprairie would be increased about 2J or 8 miles on the round trip, thus making a little extra running for the irteamera •engaged in the ferry service, which is no^ matter of vital importance. The bridge proposed to be constructed across the South Oha»D«l should not be less in height above summer water level than the centre apan of the Victoria Bridge. The effects this embankment will have upon the future of the harbor of Montreal demand the most serious consideration. This harbor is now capable of receiving the largest class of sea-going vessels, and hac become perhaps the largest port of entry in the Domi- nion. All these results are due to the expenditure of a large amount of money, and the energy and determination of thfe business mdn of Montreal ; and it becomes a question whether these business men, through iheir Tepreaeiftatives, the Board of Harbor Oommissioners, have not a vested — e — right ih ihe harbor, a right which should not be disturbed, or if interfsred with, then such interfer«nce should be with the view of doing m little harm as possible. Now the promoters of the "Shearer Scheme" state that they will not interfere with the harbor, or the rights and privileges enjoyed by the Harbor Commissioners ; that the works they propose will be of advantage to the harbor ; ♦hat the level of the water will not be lowered, and can be controlled as regards height by the sluices before referred to ; that the detrilui annually brought into the harbor during the winter and times of spring freshets will be cut off ; and that after the harbor is once dredged to its intended depth, it will not require any further attention, except to remove the sediment deposited from local causes ; that the St. Mary's Current will be reduced in velocity from 8^ miles to 5 miles per hour ; and that the rapid current between lie Verte and Sous-le-Mont will be extinguished. Attached to this communication is a report prepared by Mr. Thomaa- Gnerin, 0. E., of this Department, whose thorough knowledge of the science of hydraulics and long and practical experience render him in every way capable of investigating the question of interfering with thfr discharge of so great a river as the St. Lawrence, and of determining scientifically the probable results which may obtain from such interference M IB proposed by the promoters of the " Shearer Scheme." Mr. Gnerin has for many months made a study of the river opposite Montreal, and the results of hie investigations are given at full length ; and he deals entirely with facts as they were found to exist, and not with opinions or suppositions, his attention being exclusively given to the elucidation of two questions : — 1. How the proposed scheme would affect the depth of water in the harbor; and 2. How it would affect the land on either side of the river. With respect to the first question Ikr. Guerin, assuming a certaia date, has determined the flow of the river on that date, and show* that if the dam vri^rat fVton m airiotj>.nntk attA .vii ^i.« -i~: .i j> -7 — the whole of the water in the St. Lawrence wonid be forced through the South Channel, which would rise nearly 9 ft. in height, whilst the water in the harbor would— even allowing for any quantity that might back in through the He Ronde Channel — be reduced 8 feet below its Tunal level. It may be pertinent here to state that it is considered to be 1 w water in the harbor when there is a depth of 17 ft of water on the sill of Lock No. 1, Lachine Canal, and as the level of this sill is 81 ft. above datum, it follows that the elevation of low water is 98 feet above datum. To restore this loss of 8 ft. or to raise the elevation from 95 to 98 ft., it becomes necessary to open the sluices, and the amount stated by Mr. Bateman, viz., 860 millions of cubic feet per hour, or 286,111 cubic feet per second is taken from the flow through the South Channel, which at the date assumed was passing i287,129 cubic feet per. second, and stood 9 feet above the legitimate level of the harbor, or 12 feet above t f > its reduced level; and this amount of 12 feet represents the head on the sluices at the time they are opened to supply the wants of the harbor. As before stated, the South Channel was passing 287,129 cubic feet per second, and at the moment the whole of the sluic ,• arc opened, they will pass 286,111 cubic feet per second, or a total of 528,240 cubic feet per second will be abstracted from the river, which will have the effect of quickly diminishing the depth in the South Channel, and this diminution of head will at once diminish the flow through the sluices as well, and both will proceed until an equality is obtained, or until the ' discharge of the St. Lawrence is equal to the discharge through the South Channel, plus the discharge into the harbor through the sluices, or when both are equal to a flow of 287,129 cubic feet per second. « Mr. Bateman states that he expects a quantity equal to 85 millions of cubic feet per hour to paos into the harbor through the He Ronde channel to assist in maintaining it at its normal level. Mr. Guerin does not permit this to enter into his calculations, because the velocity in the South Channel its elevation above that of St. Mary's Current, the dimensions of the channel or passage between He Ronde and St. Helen's Island, the angle the current thronirh it makos with St. Matv'r Currant, and ihn \'a\/wiixr txf 4).» u^i.- — 8 — •re ail functions in lotermining the qutatity which would hare a iendeucy to pass into the harbor. Eliminating this quantity entirely, Mr. Guerin states that after the works have been completed, and all the sluices are running full, the level of the harbor of Montreal will be permanently reduced O.&O ft., or 9J inches ; and he goes further and aeserts that to maintain the harbor at this reduced level, the sluices once open cannot be closed again without diminishing the water in the harbor. The inference therefore is that the sluices, b«» of tke embankment proposed, with »".1I ino efe n V t ""f"""^' '^'^ «» "'ligation would oauae a Montr .1 .?; Z^ ''"«"■ ;' '^o '"■» »f "" fo"7 ..earner between Whine rl.T'";" "' """' "' ""' """'^" ''"■=" *"«"d ">• 0% ofMontre. :o:;dr^:b;rran;T^7rLr,:i";: ^:z:7:r""t "-»"'-""'«"""« '»- »« damage :r;:hrn.d s^ln, T "^ '" ' "'""^^' ^'"' ^""^ '« «>"•» '">-» them ! ■do!b the ° "T^"*"* ""'"" ""' '"-^-''' «« *- o-tLy. No doubt the oreafon of further milling .„d manufacturing power at Mont- ' r«J and p „vd,ng another crossing for railway traffic and highway Uav^ as well across the 8t. Uwrence, would be of benem. but tZ wl^oL °, r'"" '^"'""""^ damage, discomfort and U tott«,e Itr!!.""-: ™ ''."'" '"". "^ «" -" "«" '». site Of .he propose. .™., .„„ „„„ n„o r-gbt. and privileges which must be re.p«,l,a Ohannel, and ays possible— achine Rapids Qd measure or fat outweigh onstrnction of nt St. Charles ofChaboillez seen that the kment would oposed, with Qtreal might sent normal »uld cause a ler between descend the to at least lat during a and of the ese facts it hich would iatly exceed scheme and n the mere om them a outlay. No r at Mont- highway >ut if this >8 tofthose ) proposed respected — 18 — and regarded, then it is plainly to be stated that neither authority nor per- mission should be given to any person or body corporate to construct the works proposed by the St. Lawrence Bridge and Manufactuting Company. Any interference with so great a river as the St. Lawrence, whereby any of its channels or passages are closed, or its course in any way- changed or diverted, should be guarded against with a most jealous hand. Canada has had one experience in interfering with this river at the entrance to the Beauhamois Canal ; for what was thought to be a simple xhatter— the mere closing of a channel, or passage between an island and the mainland, caused a flooding of the lands bordering Lake St. Francis^ and to settle the claims for damages sustained involved the expenditure of a very large amount of money, and claims of a similar kind and nature would follow after the construction of the proposed embankment at Montreal, and it becomes questionable whether such claims should be settled and paid by the Company which had constructed the embankment, or the Grown which gave authority for its construction. It may be remarked that not any reference has been made herein to the probable effects the presence of the proposed embankment in the harbor will have on the Lachine Canal. It has been shown that with all the sluices closed, the water in the harbor will be reduced 3 feet below low water, summer level, or when there is 17 feet depth on the sill of lock No. 1 ; and as there would always be a probability that, if open as proposed, the sluices might, from causes beyond control, become, in whole or in part, closed during the season of navigation, a reduction in depth on the sill of lock No, 1 would, as a con- sequence, follow, and the admission of deep draught vessels become an impossibility ; and the benefits and advantages now enjoyed without inter- ruption or interference, advantages obtained at a great expense for the trade and traffic of the Dominion, would be destroyed. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your -©bedient servant, MWVBV V PTBT?f.TJ!V ■ ■ Chief Et^neer» 14- HENRY F. PERLEY, Esq, Chief Enoinkeb of Public "Works. Sir, I have the honor to submit the following report in accordance with your instructions directing me to procure the data necessary to ascertain the consequences which will result to existing interests, from the construe- tion of works proposed by " The Montreal St. Lawrence Bridge and Manu- facturing Company" in the Harbor of Montreal, designed by Mr. T. Foster Bateman, M. I. C. E., who submits plans and description thereof, copies of which I have received. Data Sought.— In searching for such information as is already known respecting the River opposite Montreal,' I have to acknowledge the polite- ness of the Commissioners and Officers of the Harbor Board in offering to place at my disposal any plan or document in their possession which I might require. I accordingly obtained from their office a section of St. Mary's Current with a plan of the harbor showing its current line and ve- locities on a given day, which have saved me much labor. I have to make a similar acknowledgment to the Officers of the Canal Office in Montreal, who have supplied me ■">'ith the elevations of the water in the harbor for every day throughout the past year, and also a plan of that portion of the River in the vicinity of Moffat's Island. In order to ascertain the state of the River on any given day. Bench Marks were established on the South shore between Longueuil and La- prairie, and a similar course was pursued on the harbor side from a point below the harbor to the mouth of the St. Pierre River above the Victoria Bridge. Before the breaking up of the ice, a section was obtained of the channel on the south side of St. Helen's Island last March, and the velocities of the water passing this section were found at the time of high water last aummer. You will find these sections, etc., at the end of this report. Former JJepor/s.— Previous to the introduction of this scheme, various experts were appointed from time to time in years past, to examine the Harbor at Montreal and recommend some plan both for improving the navioraHnn nf th" TWiror in ifa Trii'iintfiT a-nA *\r»'<''''T! *•'>•'• ♦>«•« ■" J= Ui-U . ^ * — ' "O^ * — s«i« -...i , ^. .-A «v9 . Av«2*««rj c9£s\ft j^4^ Tuiiixiig iix'C XIUVU5 W UiCIi are known to occur at certain times. If you have read their rep( .-ts, you muat vi '^ — 16 — have seen that they were invariably based on hypotheses and opinions which had no foundation in fact. An engineer's opinion is of no more value than that of any other intel- ligent man. By an " opinion " I mean a statement which he supposes to be correct, but the accuracy of which he is not able to prove nor has he ever known it to have been proven by any one else. Such a statement is worthless and should not be received. The phrases " I believe," " I think," "I am of opinion," &c., appearing in a report are evident acknowledgments that the writer doubts the accuracy of his own statements — You will, there, fore, not feel surprised if in the discussion of the subject I am now com- mencing, I ignore the hypotheses and opinions enunciated by those who have hitherto written on the subject of the Harbor of Montreal. The facts will be simply taken up as they are found to exist, and let Hydraulic science declare the conclusions deducible from these facts. Periods of High and Low Water. — From the information obtained from the Register in the Canal Office, as well as from observations during the spring and summer of last year, it appears there are three periods of high and low water in the Harbor of Montreal every year. On the departure of the ice the River falls, arriving at its minimum elevation about the end of April. After this it rises and attains its maximum summer elevation in June. Then it falls until its elevation again becomes a minimum in November. After this the rains during the fall increase its elevation a little until it commences to freeze, then it rises ra- pidly to its maximum which it attains as soon as the River freezes across. It then falls a little during the winter, arriving at its minimum about the end of February, then on the snow commencing to thaw it rises and attains its maximum at the breaking up of the ice. Description of River be- \ On the south side of the River and about tu/een Laprairie and Lcngueuil. \ seven miles above the (3ity of Montreal is situated the village of Laprairie. Here the River is not less than four miles wide. At a distance of about eight miles below this village and on the same side of the River is situat-d the village of Longueuil, wheie the width of the River is a little less t^an one mile. The portion of the River between these two villages includes the Harbor of Montreal, and is con- tracted and divided into channels by Nun's Island, the piers and abutments of the Victoria Bridge, and thoso several islands below the latter, the prin- cipal of which is St= Helen's Island, the last of the group being He Ronde situated below St. Helen zeuil, it can .nee for one in terms of rer. nrning the . Charles tO' lid purpose irbor. lences will heme shall rred to th& i are com- f water in 3 elevation >ve datum. « foot and rsning the ktions and ters of the Bsary. would be, past year, ion across le current line at an 6 + 5.84 ty on the ^» 20th May 1876, when the current line was obtained, and by it we are enabled to obtain the velocity at this place in any given stage of the River, Discharge of the River j The River St. Lawrence was at its maximum St Lawrence. \ summer elevation on the 6th June last, and on that day there was passing in it 431,783 cubic feet per second — see note A (1) and note B (1) at the end. The elevation of the river was in the vicinity of its minimum on the 24th Nov. last and on that day it was discharging 281,681 cubic feet per second, see note A (3) and note B (8). Let any day be assumed between these limits and let us examine what the condition of the harbor would be on that day, should the proposed scheme be in operation. Let the 14th of September last be proposed as the day for this examination, the elevation of the water in the harbour being them 99 feet, or one foot above low water. Condition of the River on the 14/A | On referring to note A (2) at end, it Sept., works in operation. \ will be seen that the discharge through Current St Mary on the 14(h Sept. was 270,242 cubic feet per second and the discharge through the South Channel, per note B {1), on the same day was 19,175 cubic feet per second, and when all the river passes through the South Channel, the surface will be raised from an elevation of 99 feet to 108 feet, (see note D). TI: s should be 107..84 but 108 is adopted for brevity. This would be the elevation in the South Channel on 14 Sept, had the proposed Dam been built and all the sluices closed on that day. In this state of things the only supply to the Harbor is the Lachine Canal, and the water which backs into it from the River below the islands or opposite Longueuil. It is claimed that 85 million cubic feet per hour will pass into the Harbor by the He Ronde Channel. This will be noticed presently. As the difference of elevation betwen the water in the Harbor and that at Longueuil before the works were built was about 2.25 feet, it follows that on the 14th Sept. last, the elevation of the water at Longueuil was 99.00—2.25 or 96.75 feet above datum. If the River opposite Longueuil were in a quiescent state, then, after the works were built, the Harbor would be supplied from that locality in virtue of the hydrostatic pressure, and the elevation would be the same as at Longueuil or 96.75 feet. But according to Bayfield's chart, the River there has a velocity of 4 knots an hour, and as it is a principle in hydrau- lics that the lateral pressure of running water is ec^ual to the whole head minus the head due to the velocity, this elevation of 96.76 must be dimin- ished by the head due to 4 knots an hour so as • obtain the actual eleva- tion of the water in the Harbor. A^r — 18 — The head due lo a velocity of 4 knots an hour is /^ feet ; hence the elevation of the water in the Harbor on the I41h Sept., would be 96.76 — 0.70 or 96.05 feet. It is thus reduced 99.00 —96.05 = 2.95 feet, or say three feet below the elevation, it had before the construction of the works. It must be borne in mind that the contribution from the Lachine Oanal does not assist in lessening this deficiency, as it has already contri- buted to raise the elevation at Longueuil to 96.76 feet, and it is credited there with its discharge. To restore this amount of 8 feet, the sluices are opened according to the proposed scheme, and a quantity equal to 860 million cubic feet per hour, or 286,111 cubic feet per second is taken from the South Channel and poured into the harbor. Let us now investigate the result of this operation. At this stage of the investigation it becomes necessary to bear in mind, that, before the sluices were opened, a quantity equal to 287,129 cubic feet per second, or the whole River was being discharged through the south channel, (see note D), and its elevation had risen from 99 feet to 108 feet above datura : so that at this elevation there is an equality between the discharges of the South Channel and the River St. Lawrence, and it required an accumulation of 9 feet of water over its previous depth in the ^uth Channel before this equality was established. It follows that during the time this accumulation was taking place there was only a portion of the River passing to Longueuil, for the remaining part went to form the accumulation until the water was raised '9 feet above its previous level : after this the entire Rive/ passed on to Longueuil and the equality was restored between the discharges through the South Channel and the River. While this state of things exists, the water in the harbor being 3 feet l)elow its legitimate level, and 2 feet below the low water level and 12 feet below the level of the water in the South Channel, the sluices are opened, and through them a quantity equal to 286,111 cubic feet per second is passed into the harbor. This will undoubtedly g-ivo temporary relief by raising the level of the water in the harbor, but it will be only temporary i for it must not be forgotten that there was at the same time a quantity passing through the South Channel equal to 287,129 cubic feet per second , 7 cubic feet per second, (see note E). This quantity increased by the disch uge from the Lachine Canal will give 177,255 cubic feet per second passing to Longneuil, on having closed the sluices I have now the hoi or to submit a section of the River at Longueuil, taken from Bayfield's Chart, where it will be seen that the mean doptlm when it is low water in the harbor is 19.85 feet, the river being then discharging 277,243 cubic feet per second, (see note B (3) ). From these data we find, (see note E) that the mean depth at Longueuil will be reduced to 14.34 ft., or in other words, the level of the water at Longueuil is reduced 5 feet below its level at low water on shutting off the sluices, and as the !<> el which affects the harbor there was originally 8 feet below that of the harbor, or at an elevation of 96.00 ft., it follows that the level of the harbor would be reduced to an elevation of 96.00 — 5.00-91.00 ft. above datum. This shows that the level ot the water in the harbor would be reduced 7 ft. below low water by the operation — of course 91 feet is the minimum and this level must be of very short duration, as the water will commence to rise immediately on the db. :barge increasing through the South Channel, or as the water accumulatc's i. I the mean depth increases in that channel. Conclusion of diicumon ) Th i?t?> lu.ok»J to be drawn from what has been on sluices. S di8Cl•l^'^ k! p ^o this pci ■:'. in the present report is- this. — The sluices, once being opeaed and permitted to run for any time CAnnnt nn nlnSpH n.nrain witHnnt 1iMV WINTER. In discuMing every project for Harbor improvements at Montreal, thtt ice becomes a function of the investigation. It is well known that before the River becomes frozen acroHS, it first commences to rise and continues to do so until tho icu bridge is formed : yet this rising takes place not- withstanding that lliero is no visible cause to warrant the supposition that A^ u the quanti , ) c f \va» m the River is increasing, for no rain or snow had fallen to cause such an increase. It rises because the wetted perimeter is incronsing by tuu ice bordages, as will be seen presently. Tir'fiediately after the River has froaen across it rises suddenly. It then subsides to a constant level for a short time, after which it gets lower as has been already described. At the approach of spring it rises and breaks up the ice, and this rising is generally greater than that which took place in the previous winter. All these phenomena occur in accordance with the lawti established by Hydraulic science as will be shewn further •on. The several experts who have been at times commissioned to report •on improving this Harbor, have referred to these phenomena, and in oppo- sition to the first principles of Hydraulic science thoy impute the cause to " Ice Dams " and " Ice Jams " formed in St. Mary's Current, quoting from a paper read by Sir Wm. Logan on the subject of geology forty years ag-o ■before the Geological Society of London, in which he alludes to the winter phenomena in the St. Lawrence. I wish it to be understood that I disavow any intention of stating any- thing here which may have a tendency to lessen the prestige attached to the raemor of Sir Wm. Logan. No : I had the pleasure of his acquaiptanoei and enjoyed his friendship /or several years in the latter part of his, life.^ He had no greater admirer of his abilities than I was, nor has any one a' greater respect for his memory than I have. fl^'draulic science was not developed then as it is now, and Sir Wm. Logau was too much engrossed in the developement of his favorite science Geology, to devote much attention to Hydraulics. In consequence of this, on witnessing the shoving of the ice in St. Mary's Current, he did not understand the law that governed the forces which produced the phenomena tl.at were taking place in his presence ; but, being determined to find an explanation, he framed an hypothesis by imagining that the g.eat quantity of ice coming down the river becomes packed at the foot of the Current St. Mary and forms a dam extending in some places to the bottom. Henoe the rise of water. Hence the floods, etc :— In everv renert on the imnrnr'Amonf nf Hia V(a^v.n.r. »f tji^.^^^ i *u:- iiypotliesis is adapted, and it is now generally believed that the River rises — 22 in winter in the Harbor of Montreal in consequence of the floating ice- becoming jammed and forming a Dam across St. Mary's Current, Now the specific gravity of ice is about j^q that of water, so that a piece of ice in the river will have f^^ of its volume below and ^|, above the surface of the water. It would therefore be as competent for that piece of ice to rise in the air as to sink deeper in the water. There are only too ways for floating ice to get aground. One is, when in moving forward the submerged portion meets with a shoal or reef. The other is, when being stationary the water subsides from under it. It is impossible that ice can sink deeper than its specific gravity will permit. The current may force a moving piece under- stationary ice when its sumerged part projects below that of the stationary^ but the whole will be proportionally lifted up. CAUSE OF HIGH WATER IN WINTER. It is noi an abnormal state of things that the River St. Lawrence should vise when frozen across. There never has been a river, nor stream,, nor rivulet that did not rise above its previous level on being frozen across- Hydraulic science not only demonstrates thateuch a rise must take place, but it enables us to ascertain the height to which the rise will ascend. Here are the facts. It is a well known principle in hydraulics, that in the same stream, the velocity varies inversely as the square root of the wetted perimeter, and it is shewn in notes A and B that the wetted perimeters of St. Mary's Current and the South Channel, are for all practical purposes equal to the ■width of the streams in each case where the section was taken. Hence it follows that the moment the River is frozen across, the wetted perimeter is twice what it was in open water, and the ratio of the velocities in both cases will be as 1 : f "7, or as 1 : 0.70 ; or in other words, the velocity after being frozen across will be /^ the previous velocity. Before the ice was formed on the River the maximum velocity was on the surface and in the centre of the stream — after being frozen across, the River assumes the character of a tube, and the fillet of maximum velocity is transferred from the surface to the middle of the depth as in a pipe, provided the under surface ot the ice and the bottom of the River are of the same degree of roughness or smoothness. Should the under surface of the ice be rougher than the bottom of the River, the fillet of maximum velocity will be found nearer the bottom and its velocity will be less and vies versa, it follows then that the winter velocity of a stream will depend on the roughness or smoothness of the under surface of the ice, and if this roughness is greater than that of the bottom of the River, the velocity of the stream will be less than j^ its previous velocity, and if smoother the co-etficient will be greater. f 23 — I To form some idea of the state of the under surface of the ice, let us suppose three cubes of ice floating adjacent to one another, one of which projects four inches above the surface of the water, another two inches and the third one inch. Then the depths below the surface of the water to which these pieces will respectively extend will be 36", 18", 9'' ; that is to say, the under surface is nine times as rough as the upper surface. From this example we can form some idea of the roughness of the under surface of the ice in the Harbor of Montreal ; and we may reasonably ex- pect that the co-efficient of velocity will be less than ^ ; but fortunately for our present inquiry we have the means at hand of ascertaining this co- efficient accurately. Here it is. Co-efficient of velocity ) I now call your attention to a plan herewith sub- for winter. J mitted, of that portion of the River in the vicinity of Moffat's Island, kindly furnished me by Mr. Harrington, of the Canal Office, under whose direction the survey was made a few years ago. It can bo there seen that although the summer velocity of the River in this locality was 7 miles an hour, yet the winter velocity was only 8 J miles per hour. This shows that the co-efficient of velocity in Montreal Harbor is not /o but j5. Mr. Harrington has furnished me with the measurements that were made at the time of the survey, and the average would give a co-efficient somewhat less than ^ : but I shall adopt the co-efficient as stated on the plan. Mean Depth doubled ) From the foregoing it can be easily shown that the in winter, \ mean depth of the harbor is doubled in winter— thus ; Let Q = Discharge of the River in feet per second. W = width. V = velocity in feet per second. H = mean depth. Then we get Q=W. H. « and:§, = H. r. Here Q and W are both constant quantities, for neither the discharge nor the distance between the River Banks is affected by the frost. It follows that the product H. v is constant, so that if v is diminished H, must be increased in the same ratio. Then if v becomes i i> ; H must become 2 H. Now if denotes the velocity of the current before being frozen across an«. ii. tiie mean depth at that liiiio, these quantities in winter mue>t be- come ^ y and 2 H. or in other words the mean depth of the River in the — 24 — Harbor of Montreal while free of ice will be doubled when the Rirer is frozen across. Height to which River ) We have now the means of ascertaining the height will rise in winter. ) to which the Kiver will rise on being frozen across in any year. Here are the facts for the present winter. On the 24th Nov. last immediately before any ice was formed. (See notes A (3), B, (3) 8q. fl. The sectional area of Current St. Mary was 54,865 Do South Channel 4,685 Entire sectional area of both channels 59,560 Water line of Current St. Mary at section 2,250 ft. Do at South Channel 2,625" Entire width of water surface 4,876 ft. Mean Depth = i|!||£ = 12.22 feet. 4,876 , Elevation at Section St. Mary's Current.... 97.25 I mean Do South Channel 98.76)98.00 Elevation at Lock Sill 98.50 Hence 98.00 + 12.22= 110.22. This will be the elevation of the water in the Harbor after the ice has ceased to shove. The present passage of this report is written on the 2l8t Dec. and before the River has yet been frozen across ; it can therefore be easily ascertained whether those figures will become verified. Shoving flf Ice.— It h&B just been shown that on being frozen across the river must rise in the Harbor to a height equal to its mean depth above its previous level. When it settles at this elevation it is in its normal fetate : but during the shoving of the ice the state of the river is abnormal. It is by the shoving and lifting of the ice that it arrives at its normal state. Explanation. Let us suppose that it becomes frozen in the channels on each side of St Helen's Island while it is yet open water at Victoria Bridge, and above this Bridge : a circumstance which generally occurs before the River is frozen permanently. Then the stream under the ice moves only with half its previous velocity, while the open water above preserves its entire velo- city. It follows, that the opeii wster must accumulate on reachinff the •lower current which is covered with the ice, it will therefore lift up the ^ ice, i wate doub Chai open the ii whol spac( is mt ice tl wi harbi repoi datef ( shov< •eleva year ] years the Rive is 12 ice e^ •close" •cause formf 1 whic: ) --25- ice, and continue to do so until its mean depth is doubled. At first the 'Water must rise higher than the mean depth and for the following reason. "Whereas it will be in its normal state only when its mean depth is doubled, the mean depth of the whole Current St. Mary and the South Channel must be doubled before this state shall have been arrived at. The open water in front of the ice increasing faster than the ice is being lifted, the ice will become broken and shoved by the increasing flood until the whole body is lifted to the required height : then the water in front having space enough to pass through, the abnormal accumulation will subside. It is manifest then that the river will rise higher during the shoving of the ice than at any period during the winter. WINTER STATE OF RIVER WHEN ALL THE WATER PASSES THROUGH THE SOUTH CHANNEL. I have now to call your attention to the record of the elevations of the harbor kept at the Canal OflEice, and I have furthermore to submit a report supplied to me by the Harbor Master of Montreal showing the dates of shoving of the ice for several yeaw past. T Comparing these documents it can be seen that at the time the ice shoves, the River rises to its maximum winter and spring elevations. These elevations vary from 111 to 117 feet above datum. In the spring of the year 1869 the elevation was 121.41 feet. Let us adopt 114 feet as the general maximum elevation in ordinary years during the shoving of the ice, and let us compute the elevation in the South Channel should it then be compelled to discharge the entire River. See notes F (1), (2), (8), (4). The elevation in South Channel is found to be 123.00. Note F (3). The elevation at Laprairie is found to be 123.60. Note F (4). The general elevation of John street Laprairie opposite Poissant's hotel is 121.88. This street would therefore be submerged during the shoving of the ice every year after the works shall have been completed and the sluices •closed. FLOODS. When a flood takes place in the City of Montreal or Laprairie, the •cause is imputed to " Ice Jams" and "Ice Dams" supposed to have been formed on each side of St. Helen's Island. I have no data respecting any of these floods but that of the year 1869 which is ffiveii in the Harbor Master's renort alreadv mentioned. It will be seen in that report, that on the 13th April 1869 the ice — 26 — shoved in Montreal Harbor. On the 18th it shoved again and on the 19th it shoved flooding Griffintown, continuing until the 28rd. On referring to the register kept at the Canal Office it will be seen that on the 16th April 1869 the elevation of the water in the harbor was 109.76 leet above datum, on the 18th it was 116.76 ; on the 22nd it was 121 41 and on the 23rd it was 115.25 feet above datum. The levels which were taken to Laprairie last year showed that the elevation there of the flood of 1869 was 125.72 feet above datum-the in- habitants pointing out by a certain mark the height to which that flood had risen. Now, it is shown in note F (4) that an elevation of 123.00 in the har- bor would raise the Hydraulic Amphtude at Laprairie to an elevation of l^rf.50 ; consequently an elevation of 121.41 in the harbor would cause an elevation at Laprairie less than 123.50 and much less than 125 72 It follows therefore that the flooding of Laprairie in 1869 could not have been caused by the raising of the water in Montreal Harbor, but it must have been caused by the surcharging of the River on account of some unusual quantity of water poured into it froc: some other source. This is the con-^ elusion to which Hydraulic Sciei^e leads us. I am aware that this conclusion is at variance with the generally re- ceived opinion. I am also aware that there are many who despise the hobbier"' '"''"'"''^ '^ *^^^ '''*"^'''* ^'^^ *^"' '''^" previously conceived In view of all this being the case I felt anxious to prosecute the enquiry farther, althougrh I had no doubt as to the result. Accordingly the Rain A v^T.^T.'^^'^ ^'P* ^^ *^^ Department of the Montreal Water Works and McGill College were referred to, and from an examination of these it appears, that although the snow gauge generally registers a depth of snow ,ZfLl '^"'*^' ''"'y^"^ ^''°"' '>^ *« »»*^« f««*- yet i" the winter of 1868.9 the register showed an amount of fourteen feet, and of this amount bi feet was registered for the single month of February. This great depth of snow spread over the water shed of the St, Law- rence, having been thawed in the spring and conveyed to the River by its tributaries, it thus became surcharged and in consequence it flooded the country. The flood therefore arose from the fact that the River was sur- charged by the quantity of water poured into it by its own tributaries and not from any imaginary •' Ice Jams " or " Ice Dams" in the vicinity of Montreal This conclusion is further verified by the Register in the Canal Ufhce which shows that during the entire summev of 1869 the water in the Harbor of Montreal was unusually high, or in other words, the quantity of water produced by the snow of the previous winter was com- i petent summ Conseq if I in of 186 were i to pasi nel to April T Point 122.55 T P 1 consic not fa freedc Cham Dep. 27 petent to raise the level of the river during the whole of the sacceeding^ summer. Let us now inquire into the consequence* which would result, had the proposed scheme been in existence during the flood Consequences of Flood of 1 869, if proposed works were then in existence. of 1869. On referring to Note Q- (3), it will be seen that if the proposed scheme were in existence at that time, and all the water of the River were made to pass through the South Chf^nnel, Levees being built confining that chan- nel to a width of 3,000 feet, the elevation of the water in it on the 22nd April 1869 would be raised to 131.43 feet above datum. The elevation of the Railway Track approaching the Victoria Bridge, Point St. Charles as obtained at the City Surveyor's Ofiice Montreal is 122.55 ft. The general elevation of Point St. Charles is trom 121 to 122 ft. Point St. Charles District is drained into the sewers of the City proper. The elevation of Chaboillez Square in the City id 120.00 feet. "With these levels the conseqiiences to the city would be serious, and considering these facts, it becomes at once evident that the sluices should not bo closed during winter. They should be open, giving as much freedom as possible at such a season of the year to the flow from the South. Channel. Respectfully submitted. Dep. Pub. Works, Ottawa, March 12th, 1883. THOS. GUERIN, Eng. Dep. Pub. Works^ 28 — NOTE A (1) CURRBNT ST. MARY ON 6tH JUNE, 1882, SEE SKCTION. Elevation of water at section on 6th June 102.91 ft. Length of section on surface on 6lh June 2287.50 " Do when level with 17 ft. on sill 2262.50" Bq. ft. Area of section on 6th June i.i 67,948.38 Wetted perimeter do ., 2316.39 ft. Hydraulic depth do 29.33" lilean depth do , 29.70" Hydraulic depth time of current line 33.22 " 1'> At the time •current line was obtained 5 75 4- 5 34 velocity at section — '- — ^5—^ — = 5.54 miles p. hour. Mean velocity perpendicular | to section. j 5.65 ft. p. second. Velocity on 6th June 5.31 ft. p. second. Discharge June 6th, Q = 360,805 cub. ft. p. sec. 29 — NOTE A (2) CDRBKNT 8T. MARY ON t4TH SEPT. 1882. SEE SECTION. 1>» Elevation of water at sill of lock 99.00 ft. Do atsection 97.53" Water line or length of section. 14th Sept 2250.00 '^ ■q.ft. Area of section on I4lh Sept 55720 Wetted perimeter do 2275.47 ft Hydraulic depth do 24.47" Mean depth do 24.76" Hydraulic depth time of current line 33.22 " Velocity perpendicular to section at time of current line.. 5.65 ft. p. sec. Velocity perpendicular to section on 14th Sepi 4.85 " Discharge on t4th Sept. Q = 270242 cubic feel p. second. — 80 — NOTE A (3) CUaHENT ST. UARY ON 24tH NOV., 1882. SEE SECTION. Elevation of wafer at sill of lock 93.50 ft do at section 9715 « IVater line of section, Nov. 24th .*," 2250.00 « Are. of section, do 5^865.63 Wetted perimeter, do .. 9271 11 W* Hydraulic depth, Nov. 24 .'.'Zl'!.".'.'.".'!.'. 2425 "' do time of current line 33 22" Mean depth, Nov. 24th ' ' » «, • 24.48" ^elocity perpendicular to section ; time of current line 5 65 p sec Velocity perpendicular to section on 24th Nov 4.32 «» Discharge on Nov. 24, Q = 264452 cubic feet per second. NoTE.-On the 30th Nov., elevation at sill was 9300 ft ■or low water. '" *'"•"""• At that date, Nov. 80th, the elevation at section was 96.85 ft. Hence discharge at low water, Q = 260,114 cubic feet per second. lilt — W — NOTE B (1) SOUTH CHANNEL ON 6tH JUNB, 1882. 8BK SECTION. • A. k <( t( ec- ft. ft. •flit Elevation at sill on 6th June ... do at section across South Ghannel'..".""''.".";; ".;.■.■;; HIH H' Area of part a B G of section JJ "' Length of water line " Wetted perimeter. .. . HTVnoff. Mean velocity '." 1170.00" Mean and Mraulic depih".'.'.!!!"""/^^......".*.'.".'.'.' 772 f'^'*®*^' Discharge through part ABC, June 6th, 1882 sSSee.OO ft. Area of C E F "• '*' Length water line,.'.".".*.'.'..*.' ]Z^-^^ Mean velocity on 6th June .'.'.'.".'.' ool,, ^" Mean depth.. 2.98ft.p.8ec. ^ 4.70ft. Discharge through part C E F oab. ft. 20862.00 EoUre discharge ^, ^ ,m, = 7^M Entire area Of section .S,?«« Entire width of water way 16071.00 Mean depthof entire section'.'.'.'.'.:::: f^^J^^ ^ o.OJV " Entire discharge of St. Lawrence on 6th June, 1882 : Current St. Mary, p. Note A ,..„„. ^ , South Channel ^^°®°^ ^^^- ft- 70928 " Q= 431733 "p.sec — 82 NOTE B (2) SOUTH CHANNKr, ON I 4tH SEPT., ISSi. 8BB SECTION. Elevation at sill on I4th Sept do at section South Channel. 99.00 ft. 99.00'' Area of part A' B' C of section T^-jfnn u Length of water line IJ^l^S Wetted perimeter JJ2.00 - Hydraulic depth ^^^^OO" Mean depth .....[......", H^f* Mean velocity through A' B' C 1 ,- ,. *'^' ' '♦•lo It, p, sec cub. ft. 00 Discharge through A' B' C/ ,3,52 Area of part C E' F' '^'^.. Length of water line 1 mnnn r. Wetted perimeter nnnV'' Hydraulic depth "^O-OO " Mean depth "•'" " Velocity ''.'ZZZZ' ^. ;"9nft?^" ff T •, ;• Q=' "loSoo cub p :::• Entire discharge through South Channel on Sept. 14th... 19175 cub ft Discharge through Current St. Mary, p. Note A (2) 270242 «' ' Entire discharge of river on i4th Sept „... 289417 Note.— Mean depth for entire section Mean depth at 3000 ft. width.. 1.96 ft. 1.74 <' St So cul n. y|i .~ as — NOTE B (3) SOUTH CHANNIL ON NOV. 24tH 188?. B*B 8ICT19N Elevation of water at sill Nov. 24thZ".. ou en , do at section line S8.50 ft. On Nnv. 30th (D,w water) Eievauo'n'^be" .aoie::;:;;;;;;;;;; J?:?5 :; EKRATA Page 9, 26 lines from top, for y/ 'i read ^ \ . Page 35, 16 lines from top, for Q* + q' — Q read Q' -j- q'= Q. ) I Page 36, 2 lines from bottom, for H' read H^ . Page 4*7, 2 lines from top, for 123.00 read 123.02. Page 41, 11 lines from top, for (9.355)« read (9.85)« On the 30th the elevation at sill ^ ».c oum lae elevation at sill was 98.00 or low water The discharge at low water will be as follows. St. Mary's Current per note A (3) iP^,^A*; 17,129 South Channel its level being the same as on the 24th Total The discharge of the St. Lawrence at low cub. feet oer second. 277,243 cub; ft water at Montreal is 277,243 — 82 NOTE B (2) SOUTH CHANNBr, ON I Ith SEPT.. 1882. > Note.— Mean depth for ntire section Mean depth at 3000 ft. width.. 1.96 fL 1.74 <' ^ 88 - NOTE B (3) SOUTH CHANNIL ON NOV. 24th 188?. BV 8ICTI0M Elevation of water at sill Nov. 24ax 00=^*. do atgection line '.'[ ™ I!' On Nov. 30th (Low water) Elevation tbe .aroe"."".'.".":.*;;:.*;; ^jl u Area of part A' B' C i,„'%'^lt*' Length of water line ZZ ^l^^t^ . Wetted perimeter ^^f JJ "• Mean Depth .ZZZ.'.*.* ". ^^^'^^ " Hydraulic Depth 13.""3... m9 *• Mean velocity amc ' u«h.rg, .hrough A' B- c;::.:.:::::::::;;;,;:::::;-,-^-;, „t?, ,t '; "°- Area of portion C E F'. .... H^i^ Length of water Hne .'!.""■. ..nn^* Wetted perimeter OO.noa Mean Depth •• "00-00 '' Hydraulic Depth 0.51/*; Mean velocity 'l ^-^^ " Discharge through C E F' ■.'.".■.■.■.'.■.'■'. 'r^.^Z ^,^ {[■ ^ •**'• Entire discharge through South Channel..'.:::*: nm "" ^^^'''' Discharge thropgh Current St. Mary per note A (3) on Nov. 24th ......:.. 264452 " Discharge of River on Nov. 24th 2"8T58r « Area of entire section South Channel 4194 + ^uii —Hi^tk Mean depth with channel widened to .' 3000fl =l^r. Mean depth, the width of channel being 2662 »' = 1.76 a SOUTH CHANNEL ON NOV. 30tH, 1882. 8B1 SECTION ^ On Nov. 24.,h the elevation at siTwas 98.50. It was not yet low On the 30lh the elevation at sill was 98.00 or low water The discharge at low water will be as follows. St. Mary's Current per note A (3) 260*iu South Channel its level being the same 'as' "on 'the 24th.: 17',129 '^°'*' 277,243 cub. ft. 3 -t84 — NOTE D (1) CONOITrON OF RIVBR ON 14th 8BPT. 1882 CURRRNT ST. MARY TDBNED INTO SOUTH CHANNSL. 1 ElevatiOD on sill Sept 14th 99.00fL Cab. ft Discharge of Current St. Mary, Note B (2) 270,242 do Lachine Canal 2,288 Quantity supplied Harbor from River = 267,954 cub. ft. p. sec. Quantity passing through South Gann^ B (2)... 19,175 " '^ Total discharge through South Chan- \ nel when works shall have been [ built ) 287.129 cubic feet per second. Mean Depth of South Channel on 14th Sept. ) noteB(2) » J 1.74ft. Hence we get H = 1.74 (^^)* = 10.58 " Wherefore elevation of South Channel will be 99 + 10.58 — 1.74 = 107.84 ft. Accumulation of water in South Channel is 104.84 •— 99.00 = 8.84 ft. or say 9 feeL I — 86 — NOTE D (2). < r WHAT WILL BI THE DEPTH IN SOUTH CHANNEL, OR HEAD ON SLUICES, WHEN THE DISCHARGES THROUGH BOTH PLACES ARE "OGBTHIR EQUAL TO THAT OF THE ST. LAWRENCE MINUS LAOHINB CANAL. i iGeneral Formula : Let Q = Discharge of St Lawrence minus Lachine Canal. fl = Mean depth in South Channel at the instant sluices are •opened or before the depth begins to diminish. q = Discharge through sluices before the head on these begins 40 diminish. h = Head on sluices at the same time, or before H or A begins io diminish. Q' = Discharge through South Channel when there is an equilibrium between the discharges of the River on one side and ^uth Channel and sluices on the other side. q' = Discharge through the sluices at the same time or when H^ = Mean depth in South Channel at such time. A' = Head on sluices at the same time. Hence H— H' or A—A' will represent the amount the South Channel has fallen. Wherefore H — H' = A — A' and A' = A + H' — H Again. Q : Q' : : H* : H'* : and Q' = Q x 52 H* 9 : 5' : : A* : A'* and J' = J X *L <3' + g' = Qx5l.+ q X !L. = Q Substitute value of A' H* a4 and we get H* = H^* + iJ!_ (A + H' — H)* whence H' QA* im fouad. can 88 — NOTE D (3) MEAN OBPTH OF SOUTH CHANNEL SEPT. \i^H 1882. SLUICES BEING OPENED AND EQUILIBRIUM ESTABLISHED. ^' . r Total discbarge through South Channel note D (1) 287,1^ cub. ftp. sec Discharge through Current St. Mary 270,242 " " do Lachine Canal 2,288 " " do South :!hannel before receiving Cur- ) rent St. Mary j 19,175 '^ " Mean depth South Channel, Note D (1).. 10.58 ft Elevation of do Sept. 14, Note D (1) 107.84 •♦ Elevation of Top of controlling isluice p. Bateman's section. 103.00 " ^ do Bottom do do do 9800^ do Centre do do do 100.50** Head on centre controlling sluice 107.84 — 100.50 = 7.34N. Hence Q = 287,129 p. note D (1). q =± 236,111 p. Bateman's Report H = 10.58 p. note D (1). h = 7,34 from above. Substitute these values in general equation Note D (2) (10.58)* = H'* X pern , m5^^^M . H'-10.58)i 287129 ^.yg^^i ^The resolution of this equation with give H' = 6.35 feet M — 81- { NOTE D (4) > HBAD ON SLUICES ALL BUNG OFBNID. Viteharges through South Channel, sluices all being opened, and equUibrium establithetL. Hence Q' = Q X (^)* = 133516 cub. ft. p. second. T'zsQ — Cy =153614 « » Mean depth of South Channel sluices closed 10.58 ft. do do sluices opened 6.35 '^ FaU South channel. Sqr. ft. Area of section 46064.00 Wetted perimeter 2901.02 ft. Length of water line 2900.00 " Hydraulic and mean depth is.g? " V 1 ^ Currei A E r South B T fi BRS — THB Sqr.ft )2253.g0 2549.10 ft. 2527.50 «' 36.19 " 36.50 " Sqr.ft. 6064.00 2901.02 ft 2900.00 " 15.87 " > — «~ NOTE P (2) DI8CHAR0I8 THROUGH BOTH OHANNBLS WHILE ICE 13 3H0VINS OR ELEVATION A MAXIMUM. Current of St. Mary. Admitting the River to be open wiien elevation is a max : or as high as il will be while ice is shoving, then we get V 29.33 : V36^ : : 5.65 : x = 6.24 = velocity. But being covered with ice this velocity becomes 5:H =s 3,12 Discharge (Note F I) = 92253 x 3.12 = 287829 cub. ft. South Channel. •q.ft Nov. 24lh. Sectional area, Note B (3) 4685 do Discharge 17129' Mean vel 1™ ;.. = U5tt Admitting as above that this channel was open when elevation is a max : or as high as it would be while ice was shoving, then we should have •TtB : VTSI? :: 3.65 : a; = 10.95 = velocity. But being covered with ice this velocity becomes 1H5 = 5.47 ft. per sec. The discharge at maximum elevation with therefore be note F (1) 46064 5.47 = 251970 cub. fL ■ Hence entire discharge through both channels will be 287829 + 251970 = 539799 cubic feet per second. — 46- NOTE P (3). UBVATION OF SOUTH CHANNII. IN ORDINARY W1NTIR8 WHILI ICB IS SHOVING AND THIS CHANNEL CHAROBO w;TH THB BNTIRB RIVBR. t Let X = the mean depth at such a time then we get note F (2) * 251970 : 539799 : : 15.87 x (1^) : » x (f ) The resolution of this equation gives x = 26.03 ft. Hence p. note B (3) we have 98.75 — 1.76 + 36.03 = 123.02 feet This vfould be the elevation above datum to which the water would rise in the South Channel during ordinary winters, if the proposed scheme were in operation and the sluices all closed. ,. * Not*— ThU iihMuld be dialnUhod by the diaohvKe from th« oaiuU, bat there b«iia)( no nKTigMiOB *t this 4«Mon, the qoMtlty m too Intlfnlflouit to be noticed. vmO AHD — 47 — t ir, luld rise ia le were in igattOBKtthU NOTE F (4) «L■VATIO^f OF HYDBAULIC A¥1»L1TUDB AT LAPRAIRIB WHEN BLBVATrON OF SOUTH CHANNKL IB 123.00 FBBT. Elevation at Section 123 02 ft. do Nov. 24th, 1882 "".. 98.75 "*« Increase of height 2i-il " Difference of Level between section line and surface of water at Laprairie Nov. 24th 1882 -_ 935 f^^ Hence if we call y the height of the amplitude at Laprairie above the surface of the River there, before the rising of the wate we get per St. Guilheim's Theorem. (24.27) » (iSi27)» + 0.i:^55(d.355)« + (9-85>» = (y + 9.85)« The resolution of this equation gives y = 14.90 ft. Hence elevation at Laprairie = 108.60 + 14.90 = 123.50 ft. This will be the elevation of the water above datura at Laprairie during ordinary years while the ice is shoving. The elevation of John street in front of Poissant's Hotel Laprairie is 121.88 it. -48 — NOTE G,(l) CONDITION OF BOTH CHANNELS WHILE THE ICE WAS SHOVING IN THE YEAR 1869. Elevation of water at sill of lock 121.41 ft. Difference of elevation at high water between water on sill and waler at section, current St. Mary.... 1.59 '^ Elevation at Current St. Mary 119.82 " During high water, the elevations at the sections in St. Mary's Current and South Channel, are found to be equal. Hence elevation at South Channel is = 119.82 ft. This was the maximum spring elevation in the year 1869, at these localities,^ which caused the shoving of the ice. Let us now investigate the lemma of finding the discharges through both channels when the river was at this elevation. St. Mary's current (see section) : Sectional area 109841 sq. ft. Wetted perimeter 2594 ft. Water line...,. 2545 ft. Hydraulic depth.... 42.34 ft. Mean depth 43.16 ft, South Channel (see section) : Sectional area 60239 sq. ft. Wetted perimeter 3611 ft. Water line 3610 ft. Water line when works are built 3000 ft. Hydraulic depth 18.06 ft Mean depth 18.06 ft. Hydraulic depth (works being built) 21.74 ft. Mean depth, do ,.... 21.74 ft. Oi Sot --A9 NOTE (G) 2 1W8CHAH0B8 THROUGH BOTH CHANNELS DURING FLOOD OF 1869, BLBVATION BEING 119.82. Current St. Mary. Thi8 would be the velocity if river were open and elevation at 119 82 ft But being covered with ice this velocity becomesi;78^ 3 39 ft p sec Hence Note G (1) Discharge = 109841 x 3.39 = 37236rcub. ft p. sec. South Chantiel. *^:«e^&'r' "" '™ " " °'"" "•■«" "• "«-«»" ™ a. ,19.82 „, V1.76 : mm : : 3.65 : 11.69 = veloc, under .„ch circnmsunc.^ But being covered with ice Ihis becomes il?i = 5.84 He"c. discharge = 65239 x 5.84 ■= 380996 c'ub. a p. sec. Cs^^nT "' "™""" ^"'""' " "^^' +.3*«996 = 75335, cub. >• — 60 — NOTE G (3) ILBVATION OF RIVER DURING THE FLOOD OF THE YEAR 1869, IF ALL THE WATER WBR« MADE TO PASS THROUGH THE SOUTH CHANNEL AND LEVEES BUILT CONFINING IT TO A WIDTH OF 3000 FEET. It will be seen in Ndte G (1) that on the 22nd of April, 1869, the South Channel being 3000 feet wide had a mean depth of 21.74 feet and its discharge was -380996 cubic feet per second. Let a; = Mean depth of South Channel when entire river, or 753357 cubic ieet per second is flowing through it. Then we have (380996)* : (753357)* :: 21.74 : ar Whence x = 34.24 feet. Then Note B (3) we get 98.75 — 1.56 + 34.24 = 131.43 ft. From this it appears that the elevation of the water in the South Channel on Uhe 22nd April, 1869, would be 131.43 feet above datum if the proposed scheme Hvere then in existence and the sluices all closed in the proposed embankment. MV — 61 — BR WBRS (6 le South arge was 57 cubic tnnel on scheme neat. „ DOMINION CANALS. "Register of tt)e Direction of the Wiad, and of the Ddpth of water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal, taken by the Lock-master every day at noon, for the month of January, 18S2. Days of the Depth of water Direction of Wind Days of the montt Depth of water vmontb Feet Ins. 1 Feet. Ins. Direction of Wind. 1 16 •9 W. 17 25 4 W. 2 17 W. 18 25 8 8.W. 3 3 N.E. 19 '' 26 6 N. K. 4 18 6 W. 20 27 9 N. B. 5 19 r B. 21 27 9 N. K. 6 21 N.E. 22 29 2 W. 7 22 3 W. 23 31 6 w. 8 23 1 8. W. 24 33 9 w. 9 23 8 W. 25 33 8 N. B. 10 22 4 w. 26 32 It 8.W. 11 22 4 N.E. 27 33 10 N.W, 12 23 8 N.W. 28 32 8 N E. 13 23 8 N.E. 29 32 5 N.W. 14 24 3 W, 30 31 10 N.W. 15 24 6 W, 31 32 8 W, 16 24 10 w. • PATRICK FITZPATRICK, Lockmaster, 52 — DOMINION ANALS. Register Of the Direction of tha Wind, and of the Depth oi Water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Laehine Canal, taken by the Lockmaster every day at noon, for the month of February 1882. Days Depth of water. Days Depth of water. of the ! Direction of Wind of the Dimntinn ofWlnd moBtl Feet. Ins. ^'•^wVi'aw** Vk »* BUU* montt] Feet. Ins. Lf ll^UtiVIl VI ▼▼ lUU. 1 32 N. B. 17 30 8 N. 2 .32 3 W. 18 29 1 N. B. 3 32 6 N W. 19 28 7 E. 4 SO 9 N. E. 20 28 2 E. 5 30 3 N. E. 21 28 3 E. 6 30 4 x\. W. 22 28 t N. E. 7 30 1 N. E. 23 28 3 N. E.. 8 30 3 N. W. 24 28 10 N. R, 9 30 3 N. E. 25 28 10 8. W. 19 30 10 N. E. 26 28 10 S. W. 11 30 2 8. W. 27 29 5 N.E. 12 90 2 8. W. 28 29 3 8. E. 13 30 7 8.W. 29 14 30 5 N. W. 30 15 30 6 s. w. 31 16 30 7 8. W. r r p. FITZPATRIGK, Lockmaster. — 68 — i ! ■f s DOMINION CANAIA Begitter of the Direclion of the Wind, and of the Depth o| Water on, the. Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Cani^^ tfkdn by the Lockmaster every day al noon, for the month ofi March 1882. •< -w , Days Depth of water D«ys Depth of water of the Direction oT Wind of the Direction Of Wind. mont) 1 Feet. Ins. montb Feet. Ins. 1 29 I 8. W. 17 27 5 N. E. 5 30 N. W. 18 27 i Bast. 3 30 7 N. W. 19 27 8 N.W. 4 30 to N. B. 20 27 8 N. W. 5 30 It N. E. 21 27 6 N. E. 6 30 7 N. E. 22 27 4 N. E. 7 30 4 N. B. 23 27 9 West. S 29 6 West. 24 27 9 West. 9 29 5 N. K. 25 27 3 West. 10 29 5 N. E. 26 27 7 S.W, 11 29 10 West. 27 27 5 8.W. 12 28 9 S.W. 28 27 8 West. 13 38 7 North. 29 28 ! 8, W. U 27 10 N. W, 30 29 'z N.W. 15 27 11 8. W. 31 31 3 N.W. 16 27 to N. B. 1 P. FITZPATRICK, Lockmaster, -64 DOMINION CANALS. Register of the Direction of the Wind and of the Depth of Water oa- the Lower JBill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal, taken by the liockmaster every day at noon, for the month of April, 1882. Days Depth of water Days Depth of wa.tfr of the Direction or Wind of the Dirertion of Wind. month Feet Ins. month Feet. Ins. 5 1 31 8. W. 17 19 N.W.. 2 32 N. E. 18 19 4 N.E. 3 29 t N.E. 19 19 7 S.E. 4 28 9 W. 20 19 11 N.B. 5 25 9 N.E. 21 20 6 N.B. 6 24 5 N.E. 22 20 6 N. 7 23 6 W. 23 20 7 N.E. 8 23 5 N.B. 24 20 6 N.E. 9 23 1 N.E. 25 20 8 West: 1« 22 3 S.E. 26 20 4 ■nt 11 21 3 N. W. 27 20 4 N.E.. 12 20 6 W. 28 20 2 S. E. 13 20 3 N. W. 29 20 1 8. 14 19 11 N. W, 30 20 2 S. 15 19 8 N. W. 3L ' 16 19 6 N.W. T ti> 9. PITZfATRICK, Lockmaster. -66-- 1. 1) ^ DOMINION CANALS. Register of the Direction of the Wind, and of the Depth of Water oa the LowerSill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal, taken by the Lock-master every day at noon, for the month of May, 1882. Days of th{ Depth of water - Direction of Wind Days of the montt Depth of water montl 1 Fe*,:. Ins. 1 Feet. Ins. ■ Direction of Wind, 1 20 2 W. 17 21 5 N.E. 2 5 N. W. 18 7 E. 3 4 W. Id 6 B. 4 5 N. W. U 7 8. B. 5 5 B. 21 8 N.E. 6 4 S.W. 22 8 N.E. 7 3 8. W. 23 22 8.E. S 2 S. E. 24 1 N. W. 9 4 N.K. 25 3 E. 10 4 N.B. 26 2 W. 11 7 8.W. 27 5 W. 12 6 aE. 28 9 N. B. 13 6 8. 29 8 N. 14 8 N.E. 30 7 W. 15 21 3 N.E. 31 9 8. 16 3 8. W. PATRICK FITZPATRICK, Loclcmaster. — M- DOMINION OANALS. RlBgijter of the direction of the wind, and of the depth of water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Laehine Canal, taken by the Lock-maiter every day at noon, for the month of June, 1882. Days Depth of water of the : - Direction of Wind Days of the Depth of water. -uirecttot of Wind. montti Feet. Ins. 11 month Feet. Ins. 1 22 W. 17 22 4 N. 2 22 10 8.W. 18 22 3 N.W. 3 23 1 W. 19 22 4 W. 4 23 3 W. 20 22 3 * -y 5 23 5 W. 21 22 3 S.W. 6 23 6 8.W. 22 22 2 8. 7 23 5 S.W. 23 22 S.W, 8 23 5 8.W. 24 22 S.E. 9 23 4 N. W. 25 21 W. 10 28 4 8.W. 26 21 S.W. li 23 2 N. "W. 27 21 N.W. 12 22 11 N. 28 21 N.W. 13 22 10 S.W. 29 21 N.W. 14 22 7 s. 30 21 8 S.W. 15 22 6 S.W. Jl 16 1 22 1 4 N E. PATRICK PITZPATRICK, Lock-master. -67- on the t>7 the Wind. DOMINION CANALS. Rflgitter of the Direction of the Wind, and of the Depth of Water on the Lower Sill of Lock, No. One, on the Lacbine Canal, taken by the Lock*maater every day at noon, for the month of July, 1882. Days Depth or Water. Days Depth of Water. Af AkA Direction of Wind. or (be Month 17 Direction of Wind. Month Feet. Ins. Feet. Ins. 1 21 8 E. 20 4 8. 2 7 N. W. 18 2 8. .•» 9 W. 19 3 8. W. 4 8 E. 20 W. ■■■) 9 N. W. 21 20 w. 6 ■9 N. 22 19 11 8. W. 7 6 W 23 9 w. S 5 W. 24 8 8. W. 9 3 s. w. 25 6 8.W. 10 2 8. 26 6. 8.W. It 21 s. w. 27 7 N. E. 12 20 to w. 28 7 E. 13 It 8. W. 29 8 N. E. 14 to W. 30 8 E. 15 7 W. 31 19 9 N.B, 16 6 8. er. P. FITZPATRICK, Locknaster. I -68- DOMINION CANAIii Register of the Direction of ihe Wind, and of the Depth of Water o,r he Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal iaken b^ he Lockmaster every day at Noon, for the Month ' of X's't Dayi ortht Depth of water » Dayi 1 Depth of water 1 - uirection oi Wind . orth( monll 1 ■ Direction of Wind* monti) Feel. Ina. ' Feel. Ins. 1 19 8 E. 17 18 1 '1 w. 2 7 8. E. 18 19 1 tt S 7 N. E. 19 1 N. W. 4 i W, 20 i . 2 N.E. b 3 W. 21 1 W. 6 2 W. 22 2 N. W. 7 2 8. W. 23 2 8. W. H East 24 3 W. 9 1 * W. 25 3 N.E. 10 N.E. 26 3 E. it 19 8. W. 27 2 N.E. 12 18. iO 8. W. 28 1 E. 13 11 West 29 19 N.E. 14 10 8. 30 19 N. W. 15 18 11 N. W. 31 18 11 8. W. 1« 19 N. W. 1 P. FITZPATRICK, Lockmaster, -59- er oiT m by ugust Wind- DOMINION CANALS. Register of the Direction of the Wind, and of the Depth of Water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal, taken by the Lockmaster every day at noon, for the month of September 1882. ' Days of the Depth of water Direction of Wind. Days of the month Depth of water Diroclion of Wind. month Feet. Ins. Feet. Ins. . 19 8. W. 17 18^ 3 W. 2 18 11 B. 18 18 2 N.E. 3 IS 10 W. 19 18 1 N.E. 4 18 10 8.W. 30 18 5 N.E, 5 18 II N.E. 21 18 5 N.E. 6 18 9 N.E. 22 18 4 S. 7 18 7 W. 23 18 6 8. 8 18 7 N.E. 24 18 7 W. 9 18 6 N.E. 25 18 7 N.E. 10 18 5 N. W. 26 18 7 N.E. 11 18 6 N.E. 27 18 8 E. 12 18 6 W. •28 18 7 E. 13 18 3 8. W. 29 18 8 N.E. 14 18 8. 30 18 9 N.E. 15 18 3 N. W. 31 16 18 4 W. P. FITZPATRICK, Lockmaster. -60- nOMINION CANAU. Rf gister of the Dlreoi.on of the Wind, and of the Depth of Water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Cana ,Tak^n ly the Lock.ma«ter .very day at noon, for the month of Oc otor'l882 Dayi of the Depth of walei - Direction of Wind Dayi 1 Depth of water. •montii Feet In*. of the month Feet. Ins. -Direction of Wind. ! 1 18 7 N. W. 17 7 w. •2 18 8 N. W. 18 6 w. 3 18 S West. 19 5 N. B. 4 18 1 West. 20 5 N, 5 18 N. E. 21 17 3 W. 6 17 10 N. E. 22 1 8. 7 17 10 N. W. 23 1 8.W. 8 17 6 8.W. 24 3 W. 9 17 6 W. 25 3 w. M !7 7 8.E. 26 3 w. It 17 6 W. 27 2 w. t2 17 6 8. E. 28 3 E. »3 17 5 8. 29 1 8.W, 14 17 5 W. 30 2 8.W. lb 17 7 w. 31 2 .s. w. 16 17 8 N.E. ^!, PATRICK FITZPATRICK. Loclt-master. -61- I ater on ken by ir,1882 of Wind. DOMINION CANALS Register of the Direction of the Wind, and of the Depth of Water on the Lower Sill of Lock No. One on the Lachine Canal, taken bjr the Lockmaster every day at Noon, for the month of November 1R82. ter. Day* of the Depth ofwater. Direction of )Wind. Day" of the month Depth ofwater. Direction Of Wind. month Feet. Ins. ' m. Ine. 1 17 .1 West 17 I'l ! '^ N. E. 2 17 2 tl 18 6 tt 3 17 2 8. W. 19 7 N. W. ^ ♦ 17 3 Bast 20 6 tl b 17 1 N. E. 21 4 West. 6 17 It I« 22 6 N. B. 7 16 9 South 23 4 West. 8 16 10 N. B. 24 6 II 9 10 II 16 16 17 10 II West N. E. South 25 26 27 7 8 5 8. W. West. 12 17 1 N. B. 28 4 •1 13 U 15 17 17 17 2 3 i 14 N. W. 29 30 31 t N. W. West. 16 17 5 West 1 P. PITZPATRIGK, Lookmaster. 62- DOMINION CANALS. Begister of the Direction of the Wind and nf th« n .v. , «r the Lower Sill of Lock N« n.,! ' ?? r °^P"^ °^ Water oh the Lockma tr every'd^y at „'oo' o^h''''"\'''"^'' '^'^^^ ^^ 1882. ^ ^ °°"' ^'"^ '^« ""onlh of December, •Days ofttu :>eplhofWate r. - Direction of Wind Days IJepth of Water. Feet. Ins 1 ofth B -Direction of Wind llontli W. Monti 17 1 Feet. Ins. 16 11 1 22 3 W. 2 16 11 N E. 18 23 1 W. 3 16 10 \.E. 19 24 9 W. 4 16 7 N. E. 20 26 E. 5 16 6 S. W. 21 27 3 N.E. 6 16 6 W. 22 28 1 N.E. 7 16 7 s. w. 23 30 2 W. 8 16 9 w. 24 30 . W. ■9 16 11 s. w. 25 29 3 N.W. 10 17 6 N. E. 26 28 4 E. 11 18 1 N. E. j 27 28 11 N. 12 18 5 N.E. 28 28 6 W. 1» 18 7 s w. 29 28 9 W. 94 19 1 8. E. 30 29 1 1 \V. 15 20 vv. 31 28 9 w. 16 21 2 w. V r ^'■' 1 V F. FITZPATRICK, Lockaaster. . iVater on taken by ecember, 1 of Wind. w. Yy i i V er. PORT OF MONTREAL. Jf EMORANDUM TAKEN PROM THE HARBOR MASTER'S REPORTS GIVING THE DATES OP THE OPENING AND CLOSING OP NAVIGATION PROM iStO DEC Sift l^^ ^ 1864.-The ice in the harbor began to break and move on the 7th of April on the 18th, river was clear, close of navijration Dec. 10th. 1865.-.On the 1st of January the water gradually rose, on tbe Hth the ice shoved, on the 15th the ice remained stationary. 1866.-Opening of navigation April 19th. on the 6th January, 1866, the river was full of ice, on the 6th the ice become stationary. 1867 -On the Ist January the water was level with the wharves, ice forining fast, on the 9th ice became stationary. The first shove of the ice took place on the 14th April, on 22nd the harbor was clear of ice. 1868^--The winler was unusually cold, the river was frozen at an early date, teams crossed on the 16th Dec, 1867, on the 19th March, 1868 ice shoved on the 4th April the ice shoved heavily opposite the city,' on the 14th and 15th the ice kept moving, on the 17th the harbor was 1869 -Dec. 28th the river was frozen over early, on this date the first team crossed to St. Lambert, in the beginning of 1869 the ice was ■ 1 o?u u ' ?'"" ^""^ *^^ '^''''^^'' °^ ^^« 13th April the ice shoved, on the 18th shoved again, on the 19th it shoved, flooding Cxriffintown, which continued until the 23rd, at 10 A. M. ice below gave way, on 25th the harbor clear of ice. I870.-On the Ist January channel opposite city free of ice, on the 8th crossed on foot, on 9th ice shoved, no crossing until 18th. teams crossed on the 16th, on 17th thaw set in which lasted some time, on 31st March the ice opposite the city was bad, the first shove on the 9th April, shoved on 10th and 11th, on the 17th harbor clear of ice. I871.-On the 4th January river frozen over, on 6th became mild, ice shoved- on 1"<*-h i-aarn^ «»^«-.:.._ --. -t-'.l %r % .... , .v.tiao vivaoiiiy, yji loia imslxqh ft sijglit shove, 17th -64- shoved again, on Slst last crossing, 8rd April the ice kept moving, on 10th Harbor clear. x- b, « 1872.-When the year commenced the river was frozen and teams crossing on April 18th first shove, on 28th harbor clear, on 1st May vessels arrived in Port. . 1878-On the 1st January the river was frozen over and ice stationary, teams crossing, on 11th April the ice shoved and continued to do so daily until the 21st when it gave way, on 25th Str. William arrived trom Sorel. 1874 -On 17th January the river was frozen over, on 2l8t teams crossed from Longueuil, April 18th first shove, on 23rd harbor free from ice ^flth a number of small craft arrived in Port. The ice bridge at Cape Rouge held firm until the 9th of May. 1875.— On the 1st January the river opposite the city was full of ice teams crossed below Hochelaga on the last day of the year 1874 on 4th January, 1875, ice became stationary. The winter was the coldest lu o.fu * M experienced for many years. The first ice shoved on the 24th April, on 29th harbor clear, on the 1st May a May-Pole was placed on the ice opposite Longueuil, on Srd river vessels arrived irom Boucherville, on the 7th ice-bridge at Gape Rouge gave way On the 5th December ice became stationary, on 21st teams crossed to the city, the earliest on record. 1876.- When January commenced the river was frozen and ice good on April 12th ice got bad, on 16th first shove and shoved daily until 26th on 27th several vessels arrived from Boucherville. On 19th December' the ice was good, persons crossing on foot, 23rd teams crossing. 1877.-When the year commenced the river was frozen over, the weather IL «*'wr «" V^'u '°"^' ^'^ *^^ ^^^ *^« ^°« began to get bad. on the 8th the first shove and i .ved downwards, on the 14th the channel was clear as far as Hochelaga, on the 17th the tug Francis arrived from Boucherville, The weather was mild this fall the navigation was still open on the 31st of December. 1878.-On the first ofJanuary, the Longueuil Ferry still running, in the afternoon eft the harbor with a party on a pleasure excursion to Boucherville, on the 17th people crossed the ice on foot, on 24th good crossing^ The 7th ofJanuary was the coldest day of the winter, at 8 ain. 15 below zero, on the 1st of February roads were made, on the 18th a road was made to Laprairie, and on the last day of the mo«*h ice kept moving, on i and teams crossing, )n Ist May vessels and ice stationary, continued to do so kr. William arrived 2l8t teams crossed ■bor free from ice, The ice bridge at ty was full of ice, f the year 1874, on ter was the coldest first ice shoved on y a May-Pole was s'^er vessels arrived uge gave way. On aras crossed to the and ice good, on d daily until 26th, )n 19th December IS crossing. over, the weather jan to get bad, on on the 14th the 1 the tug Francis ild this fall, the running, in the ure excursion to bot, on 24th good of the winter, at ^ere made, on the ay of the mosth — 65 ~ these roads were considered unsafe. March Ist cold snap, on the 2nd teams agam crossed to St. Lambert and Laprairie, on the 12th again abandoned, on the 16th first open water, on 18th first shove of ice on 22nd channel clear as far as I^ointe-aux-Trembles, on the 29th the steamer Montarville came into the harbor but had to return to Bou- cherville, on the 30th tug 5/. Francis arrived in port ; on the last day ot the year the river was full of drift ice. 1879^--On the first of January the weather was fine, in the afternoon a boat s crew descended the Lachine Rapids in safety, on the 25th the nver was full of )ce, on 26th teams crossed at Longueail, on the 1st F. bruary a road was made from St. Lambert, on 18th February a 'ft r'l"?! \ "^ Laprairie. on the 12th of April the ice shoved, alter the 15th the ice kept daily moving downwards, on the 18th the ic. became so closely packed and stationary that people crossed on On 1^99 .n"'u ^' ^''''''' ""'^^^ >" P«^' f^°"^ Boucherville. On the 22nd December it was very cold, 22" below zero, on the 25th river full of ice. on 27th crossing on foot, teams crossing at Longueuil. I880.-On the 1st of January weather fine, at 8 A.M. 4° below zero, river opposite city full of ice, teams crossing below Longueuil ; on the 2nd crossing on foot to St. Lambert; on the 13th commenced laying a fhe 30th o^Wn' "' 'T ^''^'^'^' '' ^^»='^«""' completed on AnHH K / '*''T^ ^"^ *^^ ^"^^ ™ «P«"««i; on the 1st of Apnl ce beg..n to get bad. on the same day a commencement was It Jr°'\^' T""''^^' ^""'•*^*'^ ' ^P^" ^'^ fi^«* ^^ove of the ice ; Is 17 feet?b ' i"'^ '* '"*• *^^ ^^*^^ ^" *^^ ^^^^- ^' *^-* ^-« f , nl n *^' '"'"'""'' '«^«1 5 °" ^^^ ^3th a large quantity of ice left the harbor; on the 17th river craft arrived from Boucher ville ; on the 29th of April the ice bridge at Cape Rouge gave way • on the 3rd of December the river was full of ice, Longufuil Sy' LttrStTambir^" '''''' '''^ -^'' — commenced on th^ I881.-The New Year commenced with fine weather. On the .>th Railway cars commenced crossing at Longueuil; on the 8th of April, the ice tTrrt •^'"^•''P; '''^' °^*""^' °PP°^^*^ ^''y <^1«- '• on 19th! on^the2m sT;'""'''"'"h'"^^ Dec Slfrfi' :^r''*«« «»"^^'«d from Sorel where she had wintered Dec. 8l8t. fine mild weather; the year closed with open navigation the Longueuil making regular trips. THOMAS HOWARD, Harbor Master.