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Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 12 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 '< Sr • «« \X 'v ■.♦<%. «% \ AN ENGLISH SPELLING-BOOK; WITH READING LESSONS, "' ' I ADAPTSD TO If THE CAPACITIES OF CHILDREN s IN THREE PART^; ^.*,^;:^'? ^^"' CilenUtcd U ad««nee the Learaen hy aatnral and euy i^rtidatiooi, «ttti f • teach Ortboyrapbj and Proounciatioo together* :*^- BY Uja)LEY MVRJUr, Autkw of "English Grammar, adapted to the different classes of learners,'** ' 8TERE0TTPSD BT B. AKD J. COLLINS) FROM TSfi LASt ENGLISH ECITION. NEW-YORK: PtTBLTSHED BT S. B» COLLlKft* • *«I*»*M»*M» 182d. •-i^ sM^rf^'^ ■■' (^ >-^ K ■ il. h J. Harper, PripUn, .^ INTRODUCTION. The author of this manual, small as it i% did not commence the work, without a strong per- suasion of the difficulties attending its execution. To form the threshold of learning, and accom- modate instruction to the infant mind, both ki matter, and manner, has ever been deemed, by those who were capable of appreciating its na- ture and im^rtance, an arduous and delicate work. On tnis ground, the author is sensible that the present performance is not without uih perfections : but|gw he flatters himself thar ii contains some Mprovements on the existii^ publications of a fli%|lar nature, he is imbolden* ed to offer it for pu1>^* «^^ ' *i^d execution of the work, ma^ ^, tc give the reader a ge design. The use anifa Gular parts, ire specified chiefly designed for the The work is compreb neral divisions. One < , of tlie first part, is, t nunciation of the elem effectually performed, ing> the cnild*s future pleasant: if it is then will be rarely, if ever, cc attain this imoortant obji -iiSttltb' IV WTRODUUTION. fluaded that a considei-able number of lesaomsy in monosyllables^ is indispensable. No more of them are, however, admitted into his scheme, ^ than are necessary to inculcate the various and I exact sounds of the letters ; each section being i confined to a short exercise on a particular e\^ I mentary sound. Many persons wiU probablv I tliink, as the author does, that if he haa iniend- I cd to teach only orthography, the monosyllabic f. lessons would not Iia/e been too numerous. I Such words are easy and familiar to children; and they constitute the radical parts of the lan- guage. Qy hurrying the young pupil throu^ this fundamental part of learning, he is oflen ii%erfectly taught, and eve^i^Uuuly retarded In his progress. £ The second part of the woni affords the learn- er considerable aid, inj^ronunciation, as well as \ in orthoj^pb^ Thej . ^^^ of two syllables are \poi fr ^^^ ;, according to theii? ^'^^ , ed in sections, adapt- ^. vowels and diphthongs^ Mddle, or, broad. Every ted into smaller portions : le words have the correi^ ,)hthon^ sounded precise* Vee sj^lables would not I so favourable to pro* however, arranged ac« shortness of their svl* anient will facilitate tiie f /ho would be perplexed tant recurrence of discor' i ii-n p i . p. I 'f^ tm .■•• >■ INTRODUCTION. V When the scholar has regularly passed through the first and second parts of* the work, he will possess a considerable knowledge of the various powers of the letters ; and will have acquired the habit of pronouncing accurately a great number and variety of common and useful words} he will then be well prepared for entering on the third part. This part consists of words less familiar to children than those of the preceding parts ; of rules for spelling and pronunciation ; and of mis- cellaneous chapters, calculated to give the learner a radical knowledge, and diversified views, of the subject ^ The readingMusons have been formed, or se- lected, with pat^^lar attention. The author has studied to nmplify and adapt them to the capacity and taste of children ; and to arrange them in natural and e^* ' which he conceives to \ The infant capacity ( serves) may be compar vessel, into which the drops 5 and runs over, whe or tiie quality, is not ad/ Though a gradual rise i carefully observed, the found to possess a con. plicity throughout the tracts from Addison^Bk the end of ihe work, woi the child hadj in the com Aa objectf I; ■■>. *iiii-tMlt,\m, irfi\iai&i»> i . . A*^-.,. ,._^j-^..^« :f**^ # i > > i ii i"» iti MH iii m iii f I ) .1 INTKOIUJCTIUN. niado a womlorful progress, both in his powen and experience. All the narrative pieces in the book, have the m»rit of being " Tn e Stories." This, it is pre- sumed, is no small recoramendation. An inge- nious author observes, that ^< It is an incentive to emidation to reflect, that * what man has done, man may do."* We add, that ^ what children have done, children may do ;'* and that probably a secret persuasion of the truth of this sentimenty is the ground of their preferring true stories to fictions. The lessons of spelling, in every section, are illustrated by sI;ort appropriate reading lessons } which confirm the learner, ste||j3|y step, in the pronunciation and orthographjjK the words he has repeated. These appropriMi|aj3 well as the ,Dromiscuous, reading lessons, through the book, i^ntain no^Avords .which the child has not pre* hi. slv>^ h are not, therefore, '< ' roper to observe, tliat ,<^ns are taken, either ie writings of Barbauld; do£ Trimmer and Edge* \y of Johnson, and the pro- »i ye been, almost univer- , '♦^k. They are autho-^ 'A will be inclined to .ttempted, but little ui lables, in the promiscuous raadinf ^c. whose primitives h«d been be- m powem have the it is pre- An inge- incentive has done, children probably mtimenty stories to tion, are ^lessons; % in the nrords he 3ll as the lie book, not pre* herefore, rve, tiiat n, either iarbauld; id Edge- I the pro* it univer* ;* :e autho-f ;lined to little If OU8 raading d be«n be« *•-->' 4 ^avfiiikiiiif-'-"'^*'' — 1 IKI'RODUCTIOX. generally accomplinhed. The author hasi on tiiifl principle, avoided the use of Italic letieriy and all figures and marks, for the purpose of di- recting the pronunciation. They g^ve the words and pages an uncouth appearance; and It may fairly be doubted whether they afford any real advantage to the pupil. The time spent in learning the use of these auxiliaries ; the habit of depending entirety upon them; and the em- barrassment on seeing the naked letters ; may indeed, ultimately, render the expedient a dich advantage to the learner. After all the plans which ingenious persons have devised, tp render, the attainment of a good pronunciation easy to children, it mu|y>e allowed that much has not yet been aocotlBdied. Perhaps, both the pro* nunciation and me orthography of words^ can be no otherwise attained, than by a gradual ac- quisition of them individually, aided by a Aw general rules, and by classes of words analogi- cally arranged. This work is exhibited in a small, convenient size. The form is adapted both to the nature of the subject, and to the persons who are to use the book. The paper h Une, and the types are neatly formed, and very distinctly arranged. These are advantages superior, in the author's opinion, to the benefit supposed to be derived from the use of pictures. ,Cnil(ken may, indeed, be amused by exhibitions of this nature ; and, on some occasions, they are doubtl«is8 proper and useful : but they appear to be forbign to the Jbusiness of a spelling-bod&; and prebably divert « }■ ;1 ^'** fm INTRODUCTlOir. the young attention Irom the first elemenU of learning, if they do not indispose it to a suhject possessing bo little comparative attraction. If the work now oflTcred to the public, should contribute to»Kghten the labours or teachers and pupils ; and to cherish, in the in&nt mind, sen- timents of piety and virtue, the author will not regret the time and pains he luut spent in its composition. He will deem it an nonour, to have smoothed, in any degreoi the eotnudca Ui Use ieipple of literature. ^1 t W V nUof abject rsand 1, sen- ill not in its ur^ to ice to PARTL dsfU TMding Uuom^ oHAPrnt I. LMsoiia ffiting a general idea of the kmn ihort, middle^ m lioad soundt of thf fowela and diphthoqgB. The comm(m1lpha^t---All the thiqple loiindi of tho language explained. ABO D£ FOHIJKIi MNOPQRSTUVW X Y Z abcdefghijklmii opqrstuvwzyz The letters prozniscuousljr di«poeed AV US BR U UV as 11 bd hk an M CD CO DO £p IL KR MW 00 VY IB ST XZ ?>P €0 dp er • • 11 mn mw rt tx xz sr :/ 10 O^ntral Vim of ^ The Voweli. a e I o O9 and sometimes w and 7.* * The Conaonaati. bodfghjklmnpfi • t V w X y z Double and triple letten. ff fi ffi fl ffl The preceding alphabet, as it is commonly pronounced, does not contain all the simple ele- mentary sounds of the English language. But woi the learner should know them ail, and be able to pronounce them with facility, it is necessary that the teacher inculcate them early, with the utmost care and exactness ; otherwise the learn- er will probably never pronou||ce them perfect- ly. These elements are tl^ foundation, on which the whole superstructure rests : the aii^ thor has, therefore, arranged them in a distinct Table, (at pages 11 and 12,) which he has en- deavoured to make as perspicuous as. its impor- tance demands. The teacher should deliberately, and with great exactness, pronounce the words/in this Table, and the child should repeat them afler him, till they are tolerably well expressed. As the sounds only are, on this occasion, to be in- culcated, it is not necessary that the learner should see the words, whilst he is repeating. The nature and use of the table should, however^ be fully explained by the teacher, as soon as the scholar is able to comprehend the subject. • WtadTerecoDsootatff, when tbey begia ■ wtAl or ^OlMi IB tUier fUuatloDi, they are T«weli> i lAe Vowds dnd Diphthongs. If If the tutor think proper^ he may, in teaching the original sounds \p his young pupil, first ex- press them simply, as they are denoted by thd letters in the left-hand column ; and afterwards as they are combined with other letters, in the words of the column on the rightrhand. But ihe> latter mode will be easier to the young voice ; and will, periiaps in most cases^ sufficiently an* swer the end in view. Of this, nowever, the tu- tor must judge. The instructer will oflen see the use of recurring to this table, to rectify the irregular pronunciation of children who have been taught the original sounds, in a defective or incorrect manner. Several of the letters in the common alphabet, (which the chM is supposed to have learned^) are not enumerated in the following Table; be* Oduse they denote complex, not simple sounds; or because their sound is signified by other letters. Table of the elementary sounds. .JLettera denotiag 1m aimpltt louadi Along A short A middle Abroad £ long . E short •Ilorg I short TOWBLa as heard In fai in in ia hi in as in aa as ttetiBipltMicr' ale, day mat, bat mar, bur aUydaw m^bee met^nal pine^ple pin, tin e Tbt kMif loiMds of I ted -1^ vwptt\y rall«d dlphtlwaiti Utt «V| fit cMfOiitnciit l^rt«moon mule^ use but, nut buU| fuUt bat, tub dog, Bod for, off van, love S0,6Sg hopi ho kill, oak lap, tall my. mum nod, on pit, map rat, (AT so, lass zed, buzz top, hot wo, will % ye, yes loDgy sing shy, adi thin, thick then, them pleasure Some of the preceding elementary sounds are nearly i^lated to one another. The young leam- * See note to page II. f For (he varkiis rouods which e^rb of (be prec^dio;;; leftnrt rt- f>re6AnUi, sfe j>. 2fi. i»ml rh 17, of I'art If I i I .v;f^ tkiVoweliPvidpiphihongs.^ 13 er willy therefore, m. 'ire a more accurate and distinct pronunciation of tiieniy by frequently repeating words tJiat contain those allied sounds. B and p, d and t, f and v, g and k, s and z, th and thy v and w, denote sounds in some degree similar. The careful expression ot' the follow- ing words, in quick succession, will effectually distinguish them. Here, the scholar, as in the former casey shpqld attentively repeat afler Uie teacher. SiMiods to be disUofuMied. b from p as in bat, pat — sob, sop as in dip, ti[l=— mad, mat as in fan, van — ^leaf, leave as in gun, kin— dog, duck aa in sun, zed— ki^ buzz thfromthasin thin, then— patli, booth T fiom w as isi vine, wino Section 2. Syllables and words of two letten. The Towtl loflf da & IC« la t ma na m sa dfrom t f from v gfrom k ■ fix>m z be fe he m re U i U II ffii ni bo 00 do bo bo eu da fb hu P I h. lo hi If mo B ro so nni nu ra iU »y ,-<: V, M: UJ 1.4 J* — •€» ab ad af ag ak al am an ap av at ax by or my am an Oemrai Vtew of io TO WO yo ob of ok te ti TO vi we wi yo yi a Si The Tovel genenll J nkMrt eb lb 00 io ed id of' if ^ is ok ik 01 fl om * im on in op ip or ir 08 is ot it ox ix Words of two leiten. Tba f jirel f eDwaUj long. dot lio to mo 90 wo The Tontl abort if al of in It on ia uD OK in «P ot ^ V ^ nb no ad of og ul um un 19 1 be 3» •iMt btetwe tte totmm irt dwi^i ymaovoMif toll 1 MMltto littor • C«« ci, cf, ud g», fi, K7* ve piMMaitte «iid of fMidiH> iMt btetwe tte forairirtili ' '' tttwtlljrtt f Whtn do. te. It. ti. «r. tre uMd. not at tylltbles. but ai ffif^f thtf trt pronounrtU ey ou ue ee ' oa ow ul ei oi oy uy ew 00 ua » ** Chi? ^ren," says Or. Beattie, ** gdnerally speak in short ao* separate •eDtences." Such seateoces are therefore proper for thtii early lessons. They are adapted to their uoderstandiogs, and eal culated to preTeot a drawling manner of eipressioo. If children are taught to repestt with eorrectnesb and fluency, the sentences contained in the Firpt Part of this work, they will be much assisted in acquiring an accurate pronunciation. It is, however, proper to nhserve, that as every appropriate reading lesson is necessarily confined to the words contained in the same section, or in those which precede it, so limited a scope for invention would not admit of much taste or connexion, in selecting and arranging the sen- tences. t A sketch of the diphthongs ib placed here, for the take tji order. The teacher will explain them to the learner, as aeon u hli pragriit will enable him to understand them. t %' bell best ilte Vowets ^ fret lefl rest ^, Wnd desk lent westsw^^^^jiill •« J^"^ % ;(4n ■■*■">■ "»;., ' -nng frisk fUii .'""' brisk spring 8tj«g \~ drink Miff BtKillg blush a^usi StUBg .« brush grunt. strut /Dg crush snuff ' trunk ReullDS L«iion. "^ . shell. The grass. I spell. A brush. The tongs. The shelf.' He drink A crust Westanc '^v / A long string. Brush my hat A strong man. Bring the cud. A brisk kd. Drink the milk. /) dead deaf head i>ecn blood flood '^ Section 4. Words cootaiolng short dipbthongs. e pearl /deaih f breath earth I leam bui& tread spread thread guilt u does touch said ' says euess triend quIU young SCOUfSd ReadiosLosMD. The earth. AMeai man. My head. A friend. Iguew. A dead fly. A young frog, i A crust of bread. I'f'i'*^ ^' ^ The cm care gave air fair hail tail rain vain the Vowels He said. SVe learn. ^ \ long sounds of^ Jane James clay^ day- hay gain / i and diphthongs. ^ Eve ear eat east pea lea deur ^ their It rains It hails; A long tail A great cake. A fair day. 'ake care. e haste. May I go ? Stay hy me. Let us play Section 2. -Vowels and dlpbtbonga like < io she here read bleat clean meajD leave sheaf steal wheat bee see feed feet these week geese green sheep sleep ftWeet L^ m- 4i. \ #? :?■•> A green fieltl|^ A fiweeLj^pa.?^ ™ piece of bread A cup of tea. t keep sloevd tree vfield ^^>e4 Apiece •n. Jie sheep bleat. Fie pigs squeak. {oiW9*a bee. *'ced the geese. £at the grapes. V ■•"•"' m bite dine fine fire line dul lift old cold gold hold Se^Hion 3. TowcU «nd di^htboDgs like i in ^Im. kind «» kite like mice /^ mild mind ^h * pie rie blind \vipe shme smile quite spice buy eye Reading LeMon A sweet smile. The sun shines. A nice pie. A ripe plum. A glass of wine. A blind man. A kind mend. It is a fine day. Bring the line. Fly the kite. It is time to read I hke to read. Section 4. VoweU and dipbthoDga like « in n«. home roll hope niole most rose told tone bone stone smoke stroke ^; ths Vowels and Diphthongs. sleeve coat c^»oak low . grow vfield •piece load toast mow show road door blow snow roar floor • crow few bleat. 1 Ke2iJios Lesson. lueak. A hot roll. Shut the d new road» use of my time. »ad. bone '• ■ stone (-• if smoke - .•; stroke ■ )' "' *» I WN BiWu ii ■.-■■■ •~sp<^' M Middle SoundSf ^c. • CHAPTER 4. The middle soimds of the vowels and diph- 4 thongs.* Like a in bar. ^ are cart harm part art card lark tart , / hark far large sharp i dark hard star smart ha jaunt heart launch aunt * guard hearth haunch I ^0^ , Like lo move. prove whom do 1 B^o^ who whose Rome 1 000 noon broom shoe ft cool poor goose you % too root "shoot true i food room spoon fruit 1 moon soon ■ btool Like u \D hull your 1 bush full pUM bull 1 push pull put bookt look good foot cook rook hood wood hook took stood wool Reedinf Lesson. Good fruit. The full mooti. ■>P^, /* A &t goose. The dog b- ( '■'.;• i<^«> ii«Te fouDtf it conreoieDt t9 wnnge the • lo mvvi enMiieBt oiodk vouiaIn of the vowels t tad is nts souiMi is longer then n^t . tiKi C4ther sbortci* tbtn • in M, we prenme tlie amofe- iOt Ifi WowaMe. t In Uk :«ronuBeiation {iTen to these words, tke eutlwr Is sep- Qonm hf tin% Sher!dt<■-,>(«*- Broad iSounds, j-c and diph- part tart flharp smart launch haunch do Rome shoe you true fruit your buU foot wood wool 1 muok'. glr :. » Id mvw uraoCBt ad ii toos^ thttt vine thftamnst- ke ttttlwr !• mv' •^A p*" ^r rook. A dark room. I hurt my foot. I lost my shoe. ii it true ? Who, said so ? Look at nio« The bull roars. Puss pum. Put b^ tlie hIjoL Do not push me. Whose book is it ? I shall soen kani spelL ta CHAPTER 5. Tbe bicad sounds of the vowels and dlpli> thongs.* Section 1. ^ Vowdf tnd (liphtbongi 2ikt a lo cIL tall warm scald wall wart small salt false swarm daw claw shawl ball caU fall daub fault gauze caw paw raw saw draw lawn crawl straw broad Greoige Readl&s Lesaon. A soft ball. A straw hat. A broad band. A gauze cap. The rooks caw. The snails crawl. A tall man. A warm shawL The snow falla. My ball is lust A Puss has sharp daws. \\^o calls me? ^. • Toweli aad dlpbthM«c> luuBd of hrotd «, or art call«(l ir$ad, whca Itev tu« tti diiittlMiask c -''^-1, li^S m-. I Broad Sounds f ^c* Section 2. • Firapw oiphtliooci, in which both the ▼oweli are souadad : •! C||t M in ^jf ; on and oi», M In con Ott boU moist spoil vpice boy- joy toy our out loud shout sour flour thou cloud found house mouse pound round sound ground cow how now owl growl down gown Reading Lesson. How do you do ? Sit down. Read to me. , Now leave your books. Do not make a noise. Owls fly in the dark. Moles Uve ia the ground. CHAFTEA 6. Wordi in which the vowels deviate from the •tfund£ they have in the scale ai page 11.* A litce short was wash want wast wasp what i Ukeif abort dirt flirt first bird shirt ifiirt stu: squirt ' Joirth / lite a abort firm girl skirt ^ if * Theie anunds uf the vowelst lo diffisreot frotn the regular sounde i tit them ^ the aeale* hiiTe bttcn reservad for a diatinet appropriate ^' i-a of .thb vowels bn&':idcd together. '•Hft^'" ^- ^■^•"■■'q leregultrwundt tinct •ppropriit« rpleved with th« u... mirth come done dove lord cork crude rude ♦There Irregular Sounds^ ^c* gird girt like « short glove some love son none word like a broad. fork bom horse cem storm horn O like middle o. rule prude brute prune where yes > ^^^Headlng Lesson. her work? I ■ girl. I love hen !• Come to me. ^*^drink. "'Vhere is my ¥27 whirl work worm world for * nor short truce spruce her # ■#'■■ « •■.v.ti/. ■;:<«*- 'l^^W^i ^.Tr?# Pick up the cnimbs. Who knocks at the door? Ann should Icam to knit and sew. would w wrap wrist wrong A fat calf A hard knot. The ducks quack The cock crows. The gnats bite. Section 2. Word! with silent consonants, the vdr dlphtlioog barins b nilent b 1.^-* the long or the broa' knead 1 talk walk stalk H ^ would wrap ' t wrist "* wrong e cnimbs. ;ks at the d learn to i sew. phthoog bavins H N y .J .i ^-'^i Co7iisonani8 of Different Souiids. W ^ITie yolk of an egg. I wish I could write. Dogs gnaw bones. Cpnie let us walk. Jane luieadB the dough. What' o'clock is it? George plc|ighs the It is Qight o'cfbck. field. % I thought so. CHAPTER 8. Consonantly dngle and double^ wliich hare di^ ^ ferent sounds. V cash crab Section I. Single consonants. e bard like k. crura clash curd cling J X cold GOol pence fence nice price gasp gust gin d'^-.-ss gloss Jhaste Jwasie creep crawl eioftUke g hard. gnatl Since prince cease piece glass grasp age s Bbarp. bi tri btr. C^ scar scum coimt ^'crown ::>jr' ' i^fttf**'' iSO Comovumis of Difftnnt Somum* t B.^t like & his rags birds beck ners ribs doves heads keys » hares pears | please tease wares praise croaks Rnadicg Lessoc. "^ Jane has made a nice I hope I shall not be a plum tart Take a piece of it George gave me a book. I air glad I can read it. * Section 2. Double consonants* / ih sharp. ymk thick bx^ath j)2k thin health ^ throw , teeth V throsit mouth * *his that lus them ise thy se tmne ch like tch. much such > coach ^ couch' ch like sh. tench ^v stench dunce. Bricks are madc^of clay Glass is made of sand. Wine is the juice of grapes. ^ ok>th thicg north south baths paths clothes smooth N.; t/ lich which peach reach French haise V "'I'ij' \ I ihall not be a i r.f '*▼ [chart Of ifu Points: ehsusm sclieme sfcho [rough Itoii^h gh and pA like /. ' cough pliiz nymph laugh phrase soph Readiog Lessoo. Clean your teeth. Who gave you these Wash your mouths. pears. Then your breath will James gave them to be sweetv us. Do not Uirow stones. Thank him for them. Come in. I have a fine peachy and Reach a chair. a bunch of grapes. Take some br3ad and I will give you some of cheese. them. See, at page 162, the observations on the^iropriety of the learoer^i [spelling the appropriate reading lemors, fis exercises, off the book. CHAPTER 9. I Of the points and notes used in composing sen- tence. . A comma is marked A semicolon A colon A period, or full stop A note of interrogation tims ? A note of admiration thus I A pareutliesis tlius ( ) Pauses in reading. The learner should stop^ at the comma, till he could count one; at the semicolon, Ull two; at the colon, till* ^^ three attheperiott) till ' four. thus thus thus thus ,*» w»»*.^« U-j*. ,.f-#f- .■^t^.t-at.ttn-'t 4 <(gi0»^'^' titf^'O^'''^ -r-.f yw"'**" ■s;> Promiscuifiiti . * '" CHAPTEK 10. promiscuous reading lessons. ' " ^ Section 1. Breakfast. The sun shines. It i»'%tne to get up. Jane, ct>me and dress Charles. Wa^& lii^ face i^4 neck, and make him quite clean. ^ -' \ Oomb his hair. Tie his frock. ' ^^iN'ow, Charlei^, we will go down stairs. Fetch that stool. Sit down. Here is some milk ; and here is a piece of >read. Do not spill the milk. Hold the spoon in the right hand. This is the right hand. The crust is Imrd : do not leave it ; sop it in the milk. Do not throw the bread on the floor. ^ We should eat bread, and not \i*aste it. There is a poor fly in the milk. Take it out. Put it on this dry cloth. Poor thing I It is not quite dead. It moves; it shakes its wings ; it wants to dry them : see how it wipes them with it^ feet. Put the fly on the floor, where the sun shines Then it will be dry and warm. ^ Poor fly ! I am glad it was not dead. I hope it will soon be well. Section 2. PU93 "Where is puss ? There she is. *^A ■''*^»*4*.^, *'»**»'H* ^rttfr',ti"< . tW^^"'™*«v»_/> I sun shines Reading LmCn$X j^ w lb not pull her by the tail : that will hurt her. Charles does not like to be hurt : a^id puss does not like to be hurt. I saw a boy hurt a poor cat; he toot: hold of hc^r tail: so she put out her sharp claws^ and le his hand bleed. Stroke poor puss. Give her some milk. ^ Puss likes milk. Now that Charles is so liind to her^ she wiU ot scratch, nor bite him. She purrs, and looks glad Section 3. Readinff. ^ Come to me, Charles. Come and road« Here is a new book. Take care not to tear it. Good boys do not spoil their books. Speak plain. Take pains, and try to read well. Stand sUU. \ Do not read so fast. Mind the stops. What stop is tliat? It is a full stop. Charles has read a whole page now This is a page. This is a leaf. A page is one side of a leaf. Shut the book. Put it by Now give me a kiss. ':% 'in^. •n K^: .^ ^-***^(i^ *,.-»-«f**- 84X \ I .>ijL^ Tvomumom -.» Section 4. Raiit Shall we walk ? No ; not npw. I think it will rain soon. .', Look how black tlie sky is ! Now it rains ! How fast it rains \ Rain comes from the clouds. The ducks love rain. Ducks swim, and geese swim. Can Charles swim ? No, Charles is not a duck, nor a goose : so he must take care not to go too near the pond, lest he should fail in. I do not know that we could get him out: if we could not, he would die. When Charles is as big as James, he shall learn to swim. If^ection 5. A walk. It does not rain now. The sky is blue. IioQcr. The clock strikes. It is time to go in, and dine. Is the cloth laid ? Where are the knives, and forks, and plates? CallAniK . Are youif " clean ? Sit^wn. \ Do not take ^ yet ^ it is too hot : wait f Jll it is cool. , Will you have soniu lamb, and some peas ? Do not smack your lips, bi make a noise, when lypu eat. WfWWV' ..•^ PromiituouB^Keading CmofU. ' Take flom6 bread. Break the bread : do not I oiie it I do not put the knife in my moutli, for fear I I should hurt my lips. Knivea are sharp : they are to cut yxiih, and not to put in one*s mouth, | or to play with. Jane must shake the oloth out of doors. The birds will pick up the crumbs. Now let us go and play with George. Section 7. The poor blind man. ghere is a poor blind man at the door. 6 is quite blind. He does not see the sky. nor the ground, nor the trees, nor men. He does not see us, tliough we are so near iim. A boy leads him from door to door. Poor man ! it is a sad tiling to be blind I We will give the blind man some bread and cheese. Now he is gone. He is a great way off. Poor blind man ! Come in, Charles. Shut the .door. 1 wish the poor blind man ^ ' irarm house to live in, and kind frlendfi and to teach him to wor* t)eg ffiom door to door. ,.^of hun,, no woui^itotl ^f^ :'* • ' iiMiaoniiftiiiiiwiilnniii*!**'- IN '■ bread: do not nae bread and ;, AK Easy words of two and thi ^ priate and promiscuous rt Words of two Ab sent ac cent bad ness /lannel gi-a vel Mat ter after an ger an swer back wards en AFTER 1. syllables, with the first syllable.t Section 1. Botb tli« syllable! short. pack thread Nap kin ac tive , bas ket bUnket ' ver min'^ \ ' Chest nut beggar bet ter jen*-^. ^^:. T V 7on herd tt ' * " icm per ten d(jr wea ther Brick bat distance*!, infant in Btant ill ness s in 80ct I in atep /Con duct bios Bom -,ob bier %.om tnon doc tor * -of li vm niis chief sinff ing ^vini ming timid wick f*d Hie kup bit ter dinner fi] bert finger ri ver scis sore sil ver sis ter twit ter Mur mur bro ther colour com fort flut ter fur ther ^ tlu First SullabU. linen mis chief »inff *mg ^vimming \\ mid wick <* live ly mighV sto n * It 13 propnr in this place, to ohnnrre. iQat tbe long ti short vowcld, kave degrees in tlmir length and ahortness. If, fore, tbe vowels claseed as long ones, in toanv of the ^yl sliould not be deemed so iong as they are in oiher circuur they may nevertheless be properly considered as specific 1 els. In a work of ^his kind, it would perplex instead of i, the learner, if the several variations in the long and the shor ^ere designated. The situation of the accent will, in mo direct the learotr, as to the precise icnf^th which every l«a should have I w^-.-^ntk^ V ■ ^0^^l^mw \.. ?.' i ' fny Bo ny cro ny glo ry ho ly ' \ home ly -4 Accent on most Iv no bly only po ny poul try JO sy , slow ly smo ky fT^ ^v wiiol ly Beau ty du ly fury newly purely sure ly A sweet baby. A tidy girl. A dairy maid. A lazy boy. A rainy day. A long story. Al ley angry car ry hap py Mer ry cber ry ^.ve) ry y ty T y y ow Heading Lesson. Charles ia a lively boy. The rainbow has fine colours. The robin sings sweetly. Section 3. The first syllable short, tbe §econd long^ mea dow yel low there fore Sil ly fil thy pi ty rx, •^ 'V, pret ty quick ly Pil low prim rose wi dow win dow Body cof fee CO py Bor ry Bor row fol low hoi low swallow Tur key dus ky fur ry hmi gry sul try stu dy hu ney mo ney men key cenn tiy jour nr^y i '»v~ .M».>l-Mi»^SlS^I>*^' <^ •■^ "V... ^•^^^^,^.^^-,^, •-S, \ iliA First SyllabU* w Reading liesaon. * e buli bellows. Bees make wax and ♦e monkey chatters. honey. ^ e swallows twitter. How sweet the mea lie turkey struts. dows smell ! Section 4. %: Blame less care less pa rent pave ment Pa per dra per fa vour neigh hour tailor Feel ing be ing creep ing Iiear ing freez es WMn ing Tho first syliable loog, the second short 1 :««. yj jj pct^: "ij^ pier cing Fe ver read er reap er ei ther nei ther Blind ness bright ness Ittnd n<}fes qui et si lent Li on bri er ti gei' tire j*6me wi ser Cro ens glow worm old er o ver whole some Pew ter ha mour tu mdur tu tor Mu sic fuel stu pid Tailor«< make clothes. Drapers sell cloth. IleadingtiiMeon The lion roars. The tiger growls. Paper is made of rags. Section 6. The middle sounds of the vowels and diphthon/^s The secund syllable short. ^ Art loss car pet nias let dark noss far thing par lomr D 2 '"""b-w-j"*''' ,,^^;-'^'^«l?&r # barm le?3 bar vest , scar let Chann ing archil card _ Army bar ley par sley part ly laundry *-"^ %. , KJti •Vi. mar ket • par tridge spark bug Fa ther gar ter lar ger The second syllable long. Gloo my TOO my smooth ly ru by rude ly . \ .:.. \ Fool ish bloojn in dioos es sloop in^. do iug cru el Bully ful ly pul ley woo dy wool ly Reading Lessoo. A field of barley. A fine harvest. A charming walk. A green caqjet. | A kind master. A good father. A blooming boy. A ioolish trick. Section 6. The broad sounds of the vowels and diphthongs.* The second syli&ble short wa ter Wal nut al ter au tumn daugh ter draw er halter eau cer Gau dy haugh ty ♦■ Vyweig sij^ s^itiir! of hroaij warm er or der or chard ^Cow slip clown ish foun tain The ieceud »>lkbie loiii^. , sau c"y for ty mou; tow el^ ^ Coun ter floiin der flow er stiow er cow aid Boun ty clou dy 1 tliphthongs ar^; rallcil broad, wU;in tUey take Ci» a, or are y!';Wl".'«<**l»'' '\r - ^Tff~^ Lugli ty pal try tU First Syllable lordly 8tor my drow sy proud ly Reading Lesson. ^ A cup and saucer. Get some cowslips. A pretty flower. Water the plants. A cloudy day. A moiintain ia a very A naughty boy. high hill. Section 7. Words in which the vowel of the latter syllabler is mute, or scarcely perceptible. The firat vowel short Ap pie* per son hea ven Bot tie an kle coc kle cac kte ,,,, rec kon gob ble can die Lit tie cot ton daz zle kindle often han die giv en soft en fas ten lb ten , ' Buc kle hap pen pri son bun die" rattle mid die crum ble Gentle k#Ue nim ble dou ble sickl^ do zen les aon sin gle glut ton med die thini ble pur pie net tie whis tie sho vol peb ble wrin kle The first vowel long. trou ble A ble Nee die fright en ba con ea glc li«>ht cu ba bin * ' e ven ri pen * Apple, happsn, &c, sho^M he pfonounreel ai if thoy were >»rit un, ap pi, b^p pti. ...MLtMir''' r.^' :•?>«*-« ~^- i ".V ■ I- era die la ble ma Bon ta ken rai sin ra ven sta ble table Acctni on e vil peo plo rea son sea son stee pie trea cle Bi ble bri die idle trifle Noble bro ken cbo Ben Tro zen o pen wo ven An idle girl. A nimble boy. A little child. A black pebble. A sweet apple. A double daisy. Reading IjCssod. * The goose cackles. The turkey gobbles. The raven croaks. Opon the door. Snuflf the candles. Do not trouble me. Words of At tend a mend at tempt la ment a gain a gainst Ab surd af front a mong a mongst Ex eel CnAPTER 2. two syllables, with the latter syllable. Section 1. Both the sylh.bles short. ex pect neg lect per verse them selves Dis tress him self it self in tend . in vent Dis tvrl^ in du/jje acceni on th^ in sirKt in trust Con fess con sent -con tent of fence pos sesa Sub mit un fit un til vxi twist ^iSfc-*" '-^tA-t/r-* -ih ■> 'tManf' 45 , the Second Syllable. Bea(]ing Lesson When you have done Be content with what wrong, confess it. you have. Try to excel others in Attend to what the learning. master says. Do not aft'ront me. Do not disturb ub. Section 2. Both tbe syllables long , de ceive re ceive re peat Be hind be sides de light di vide de ny de sign de sire remind ' require Reading Lessoo Do not provoke any Think before you speak. body. Do as your parents desire Deceive no one. you to do. A good boy delights Repeat your lesson. hia friends* Section 3. i The first syllable short, the second long. A wake ac cuse sin cere ac quaint a muse Dis like a fraid , tra duce dis guise Be have de clare pre pare re late de lay re frain re main 8e rene 66 vere he lieve be tween de celt Behave well. Be fore be h*ld be low re pose re store Mo rose re pose pro voke De mure pre sume re biike re fuse 1't i-iy. -i 46 Accent on ^'«*H Km bnice in cane ex plain in quire main tain in vite per suade Un kind Dis grace mis take imripe untie dis dain mis laid Dis creet dis please sur prise Sup pose sup port un bolt in deed un know •away Ad mire a live a rise ar rive man kind Adore ago af ford a lone Abuse Reading Lesson. Unripe fruit is not whole- Bees will not sting us, some. " if we let them alone. Awake, it is time to get Go away now, but up. come agam. If the dog barks, be not Be sincere in all you afraid. eay or do. Do camp re pass re past se dan De fend de pend de serve di rect di vert pre fer ^. pre sene Section 4. The first syllable long, the second pre tend pre vent ^ refregti re gre^^^-"*^;-'^' re specr, re quest Be gin desist re sist re build short Be long \ be yond re solve re volve Re turn be come e nough pre judge Fo ment ibre tell pro fbss pro tect ■t^^.. fy *.•>■.; 1^ 4t the Second Syllable. Aeading Lesson. Come, begin your work. Wo must return it to Go on. Now you have him. done enough. James is not well. To whom doea this book We must try to divert belong ? him. To Charles. He lent it He deserves favour. to us. I respect and love him* Section 5. . ♦- '^ The middle sounds of Che vowek and diph- thongs, ::, The fint syllable short A larm ^ Ap prove a part ba boon Dis arfii bal loon dis card dra goon £m bark rac koon en large « ehal loon u^. Dis prov^ im prove in trude Buf foon un do un truth Tho first lyllable Ion?. De part Re move be calm be hoove re gard re pro*'© re mark re gi'uit Reading lA'ssoii. * The work is ill done : To depart, is to go av^ay undo it. from a place. Try to improve. To emba. V, means to Never tell an untruth. enter a ship. / '- Section 6. The broad sounds of the vowels and diphthongs The first syllable short. \ dom In form ac counts b hoi: mis call a laud /2' /. o 4» a broad ap plaud Ex hort extort per form Irregular Words* Be cause de fraud de form re call re ward De vour de Yout re nounce re nown re sound with draw al Ioav A noint a rourrl ap point En joy a void em ploy A bout em broil The fi<^t syllable long. De coy de stroy re coil re joice re joiri' Reading Lesson. That boy is happy, be • Read aloud, but not too cause he is good. loud. He performs his work Take care to avoid a quickly and well. singing tone. Shall we go abroad Do not miscall tlie to-day? words. V CHAPTER 3. J Dissyllables which could not conveniently be arranged under either of the preceding chap- ters.* v^ Section I. Containing a number of them diflferently ac- cented. Can not rogman thank ful Accent on the first syllable. bot torn sor row cur ranta fear ful fe m?^^ cry ii\^ ' * The vords in this chwterco.ild not hn omitted, as they at \ rontained in the subsequeiil reading lessons. They are »rrHag;a< with M Diucli regard to proniincittio'i. na iiieir variety wouM »droiV -J\. ^1 ' 't' "^ ' ■ Imgular Words. 49 loAV 1 spar row iiunts man i ron our:l 1 omp ty some times light ning ^M 1 help less up per li lar'i 1 ploy I lei sure ut most ri ses I broil 1 plea sure work house wri ting sen tcnce care fnl mo ment > vour 1 "Chil blain grate ful mourn ful vout 1 into ta king no tice nounce 1 wis dom crea ture ro ses nown 1 wo men ^0 cheer ful use ful sound 1 garden wo man hors es par don wor sted scorch es t not too 1 spa^ kle al most tor ture bush es al so talk ing avoid a 1 cue koo ^ al ways walk ing look inff pud ding fall en , houses all tlie 1 for tune out side sugar for wards loi ter H wood en mom ing Accent oo tbe second syllable. noi sy mtly be 1 ig chap- 1 as sist Up on o blige fa tiguo com mand ^ un less pur sue bey pro vide con fine per haps ner self for give ^H in crease for get ntly ac- ■ with in be come our selves with out fire side • your selves ear ful 1 • Reading Lesioa. ! i«rrai)ii;;a< 'A I love to hear the cue- My parents provide mar koo. ny things for me« How sweet the garden I should always be smells ! grateful to them. n J. 1*1 '.i\! If, ■'I 60 ' ' Irregular Words. Lilachsare pretty trees. I will obey their Roees are very sweet. manda. * Section 2. ^ ^ , Containing words ending vaeim ' ^ Iflt. Such as are pronounced as one syllable* d btTing its usual sound. beg ged lov ed pleas ed swell ed rub bed seal ed fledged • ,. scrubbed seemed kill ed pray ed ' bri bed ;, liv ed rais ed ti red mov ed ea ved mow ed proved called showed crown ed warm ed mu sed drowned formed used ask ed hatch ed scratch ed thatch ed thrashed dress ed press ed perch ed stretch ed d sounded like f. iix ed mix ed miss ed wish ed whip ped cross ed 4rop ped hop ped lock ed nurs ed work ed pla ced raked scorch ed talk ed reach ed preached crouch ed 2d. Such as are pronounced as two syllables.* t'iNkd ed ha ted fold ed ^nd ed sha ded load ed tempt ed tast ed mould ed * See the rule when nd is to be pronounced «i a distlact tyllabit na whoD not, Fart III Cfaap. 18. Promiscuous, 8fc, 51 roasted scold ed count ed shout ed pound ed halt ed want ed gild ed wait ed sift ed wast ed last ed teast ed pat ted ^ seat ed card ed treat ed cart ed mind ed part ed . _ ' slight ed Reading Lesson. James has thatched hia The hen has hatched little cottage. some very f^^etty He has worked hard to- chickens, day. We counted He is very much tired. He should be kindly treated. more than VL doi:en. We are all much pleased with them. CHAPTET* 4. Ftomiscuous reading lessons. A , X Section 1. Hay making. Hark ! what noi^e is that ? It is the mowec whetting his sithe. He is going to cut down the grass, and the pretty flowers. The sithe is very sharp. Do not go too near it. Come into this field. See, all the grass is cut down. There is a great number of men and women, with their forlu and rakes. They tosS| ' and spread, and turn the new-mown grajss. Now they are making it into cocks. How hard they MH)rk ! Come, let us help to make hay. O it IS very hot I No matter ; we must make hay while the sun r .X 52 Promiscuous ••yvl^^ bhineii. How sweet the hay smells ! When the hay ifl quite dry, it must be made into stackfl. Hay is for sheep, and cows, and horses^ to eat, in winter, when grass does not grow. ' Section 2. Thunuur and lightniog. There has not been any rain for a great while. The ground is very dry, and hard. The grass does not look green as it used to do. It is brown: it is scorched by the sun. If it do not rain soon, we must water the trees and flowers, else they will die. The sun does not shine now : but it is very hot. It is quite sultry. There is no wind at all. The leaves on the trees do not move. The eky looks very black ; and how dark it is ! Ha ? what a bright light shone through the room ! Now it is gone. It did not last long. What was it ? It was lightning. Lightning comes from the clouds. Now it lightens again. What a noise there is in the air, just over oui heads .' That is thunder. How loud the thunder is ! It begins to rain. O what large drops ? Now it rains very fast. ^ Section 3. Harvest The storm is over. It is very pleasant now. It is not so hot as it was before the rain cam^ and the thunder, and the lightning. How sweet the flowers smell ! The trees, and the hedges, and the grass, look fresh and green. ten tiie Stacks, ^rses^ to )W. t while, e grass brown; m soon, lae they is very wind at e. The is! Ha? e room ! What R^adiniX Lessons. 53 »ver oui I? Now it now. 1 cam^ ' sweet ledgeiy Let us go into tlio corn fields lo see ii' the corn is ripe. Yes, it is quite brown : it is ripe. There are the reapers, with their sharp sickles. They are cutting down the corn. This is a grain of corn. This is an ear of corn. What grows upon a single stalk, is called an ear. The stalk on which the corn grows, makea straw. This bundle of corn is called a sheaf This is a shock. There are many sheaves in a shock. ' ' ■> ' When the com is dry, it must be taken to the bam, to be thrashed. Then it must be sent to the mill, to be ground. When it is ground, it is called flour. There are some little boys and giris picking up ears of com. They are gleaning. There u a poor old man gleaning. He is very old, in. deed. His hair is quite white. His hands shake. He is almost too old to work; but he doe« not like to be idle. He has come a great way to pick up a few ears of corn ; he is very much tired with waVking about the fieldi», and. stoop- ing. He has dropped one of im little bundles of com. Take it up, and cjmt^- it to him* Speak kindly to the poor old man. Now let ua pick up a few ears of com fcr him. Take them to him. They will help to make a loaf of bread for him. « Section 4. The Partridge. Hark ! there is a gun let off; and a bird has dropped down, just at our feet. Ah ! it is bloody. Its wing in broken. It cannot fly any farther. B 2 € w: ■7» &'4 Fromismous - Poor thing ! how it flutters 1 It is going to die- Now it does not stir. It is quite dead. • What bird is it ? It is a partridge. There is a man with a gun in his hand. He is coming to ietch the partridge. Now he has let off hid gun again. He has shot a very pretty bird indeed. It has red, and green, and pui-ple feathers. What a fine tail it has ! This bird is a great deal larger than a partridge. It is a pheasant. ^; .; ;V\ ' ,: /: . Sections. ., .. " ,, v.. !■./!? '^ i, ^ ' TbeOrchard. • < v ■> Let us go into the orchard. The apples are ripe. We must gather them. Fetch that little basket. There is a man in that tree. He will gather all the apples that grow on thoae high branches. Do not climb up the ladder. Gather the apples that are on the ground. Look at those poor little girls standing at the gate. They want to come in. They want some apples. Their fathers and mothers have no fields, nor orchards, nor gardens. Poor little girls ! Shall we give them some apples ? Yes ; fill that basket with fine ripe apples, and give them to the little girls. O, now they are glad. How kindly they thank us ! They are gone home. Perhaps, they will ^ve some of their applet to their fathers and motliers, and little brothers and sisters. Section 6. The Rcbio. Scrape your shoes. Do not bring any dirt into the room. wl Reading Lessons, 65 Come ill. If your hands are very cold, rub them : if you hold them to the fire, you will have chilblains, which are very painful indeed. Shut the window, Ann. Ha ! there is a pretty little robin flying about the room. We must give him something to eat. Fetch some bread for him. Throw the crumba on the floor. Eat, pretty robin, cat. He will not eat : I believe he is afraid of us. He looks about, and wonders where he is. O, he begins to eat! He is not afraid now. He is very hungry. How pretty it is to see him pick up the crumbs, and hop about upon the floor, the table and the chairs ! Perhaps, when he has done eating, he will sing us a song. But we must not keep him here always. Bird& do not like to be shut up in a room, or in a cage. They like to fly about in the air, and to pick up seeds and worms in the fields, and to hop about on the grass, and to sing perched upon the branches of high trees. And in spring, how busy they are building their nests, and taking care of their young ones .' Robin has flown agiainst the window: he wants to get out. Well, we will open the win- dow, and, if he chooses, he may fly away. There, now he is gone. When he is hungry, he may come again. We will give him Home more cnimbs. m Promisciwus Section 7. ^ . • • The Seasons. It is winter now, cold winter. It freezes. Tlie pond is frozen, and the river ia frozen. We can walk upon the river now. Do not bo afraid ; the ice is very thick, and hard. There is a man skating; and there are some boys sHding. It snows. How fast it snows ! We cannot see the grass, nor the gravel walk, nor the road. There is thick snow upon the trees, and the hedges. How pretty the snow is I Snow cornea from the clouds. Bring some snow to the fire. Soe, how it melts ! It is all gone now : there is nothing but water. When the sun shines, and the weather is warmer, the sncw that is on the ground will melt ; and it will sink into the earth as the rain does. Wben winter is quite over, spring will come again. O, spring is very pleasant ! thero will be daisies, and cowslips, and a great many pretty flowers ; there will be blossoms and green leaves upon the trees ; and there will be young lambs, and chickens, and goslings. The birds will sing sweetly ; and they will be very busy picking up bits of hay, and moss, and wool, to build their nests with : and the cuckoo will sing cuckoO| cuckoo. The days will be longer than they aro in winter, and the weather will be warmer. When spring is over, it will be summer. Then the weather is hot, and the days are long. There will be hay time and harvest, and thunder and lightning. The fruit will be ripe 3 cherries, cur- is! ^5-^ •\.. Jxtading Lessons* 67 rants^ peaches, and plums, and a great loany other kinds of fruit; and there will be moss roses that smell so sweet, and fine pinks. When summer is over, the days will become short; there will be very few flowers left, in the fields, and in the gardens ; the leaves on the trees will begin to fade, and they will fall off. The weather will be cold, and there will be thick fogs. But it will not be winter as soon as sum- mer is ov«r. No; it will be autumn. Then ap- ples and pears, filberts and walnuts, will be ripe. When autumn is over, winter, cold winter, will come again ; and frost, ice, and snow, and short, dark days, and long nights. Spring, summer, auJLunm, winter. And what are these called ? They are called sea« !iOlii5. Sections. ' . -^ \ The Lamb. It is very cold. And how high the wind is ! There is a tree blown down. What has that man in his arms? It is a young lamb. Poor thing ! how it bleats ! It wants its mo- ther. It is crying for her. I wish she could hear it: but she cannot hear ; she is dead. Pray, shepherd, take good care of the little lamb, and give it nice new milk to drink, and keep it warm ; and when it can take care of i^ self, and the weather is pleasant, let it spoil and frisk about in the fields, and be very merry. We must not go any further now. The sky y .er 58 FromUcuous M- WM I'v m: looks very black. I think there will be a heany shower soon. - Section 9. Sbeep sheariog. ^ What is that man omg to the sheep } He is cutting off their soft, thick wool. He ii shearing them. The large scissors that he has In his Imnd, are called shears. It does not hurt the sheep to have their wool cut off. They can do without it now, the weather is so warm. And will the wool be thrown away ? No. It will not be thrown away. Charles's coat is made of v/ool. Blankets are made of wool ^ and so are carpets, and flannel, and a great many things. But the wool must be card- ed first, and spun, and woven, and dyed. There is a woman spiiming. She has a veiy large wheel. That is wool which she has in her hand. She is spinning for her husband, and her children. That little girl is carding the wool. She is ma! ing it ready for her mother to spin. . ' Section 10. Boys looking for birds' nests. What are those boys looking for, in the hedg- es, and among the bushes? Little boys, what do you want? We are looking for birds* nests. We want some eggs, and some young birds. But why should you take the eggs, and the young birds ? They will do you no good ; and the old birds who have taken so much pains to \> Reading Lcssem* &9 build their nests, will be very sorry, indeed, to lose their eggs, and their young ones. You can?- not feed the young birds so well as they can; nor take so good care of them ; nor keep them warm at nights. Some little boys who steal young birds from their 3oft, warm neats, and from the parent birds, soon grow tired of them, and forget to feed them; then the little birds die. The old birds are never tired of their yov ng ones 5 and never leave olBf feeding them, till they can ily, and talce care of themselves, A little boy took a young bird from its nest ; but very soon he was tired of it, and did not like the trouble of feeding it, and wanted to get rid of it. He asked some little boys whom he met, if Chey would have it ; but they said they did not want it. They told him to carry it back to the nest whence he had taken it ; but he would not : he threw the bird into the water, and drowned it. O what a crugl boy ! Little boys, if you find any nests, do not rob the poor birds of their eggs, and their young ones. You may look at the little birds, in their nests : but do not frighten them 5 do not hurt them ; do not take them away from their kind parents, arid from their soft, clean, warm nests. You would notlike, (would you ?) that any body should take you from your fathers and mothers, and your own homes; and keep you always shut up, quite alone, in a very small place ; and feed you in a very strange way, or almost starve you to death. v»':- ;i GO Words of * OIIAPTER 5.* Words of three syllables* Section 1. The accent on ih*^ first syllable* AU th» wjl\ i% short.t Al pha bet a va rice bash ful nesa blun der er ca bi n'^t can die stick ca nis ter car pen ter Fa ther less fish er man fri vo lous gardener ^Oier ing ge ne rous gen tie man gin ger bread go vem ess go vem or grand fa ther grand mo ther grass hop per ca ta logue cha rac ter cin na moa cot ta ges Co vet 0U3 dif fer ence em pe ror ex eel lent nee ta rine nut crack era o ran ges pil fer er pri son er '^ pros per ous pu nish ment quar rel some quick sil ver ra ven ous rot ten ness se ve ml se pa rate * The arrangemeot of tlie worila in this chapter, besides aidinf* in some degree, the pronunciation, will render the leanier'a progress Much easier than those arrange naents, which re(|uire frequent and perplexing transitions from a word composed of short syllables, tu another of long ones, and via versa. t To prcrent embarrassment from too many Rubdivisloos* th« middle sounds, in this chapter, are included under the tSiorti uiJ the bread sounrt.'. under the lonp ones. /land ker chief hus band man ka len dar jes sa mine la ven der le ve ret li be ral mid 3um mer mil li ner minister Cru ci fy de vi ate ea si \j la dy fly Tbe After wsaid but ter iy CO lum bine com pa ny con tra zy e ve ry e vcr green ex er cise flattery gal le straw ber ry vvo^y tablecloth Ap pe lite ar ti choke call CO ca to chise di mi ty e ne my fur ni ture Al ma nac cow ard ice dan ger oua di a per di a logue di a mond e ven ing .- ^ thru SyUabta. HA mourn ful \j wheel bar xav The nlddlA looic* the others short. » Accident. ^. indolent a ni mal , ,^, ig no rant ar ro gant in no cent brick lay er ^ in so lent clean li ness me di cine con so nant ^ mer ci Ail daf fo dil mer ri ment diligence ' mischievooF dif fi cult of fi cer e le phant plen ti ful gun pow der ■ , pro vi denoe happiness quadruped Reading Lesson, adapted to the preceding lecthnw White and black mulberries. A fine large apricot. Yellow jessamine. v Pink, and blue, and white hyacinths. ' ' How sweet the violets smell ! A silk handkerchief. A damask or diaper table cloth. Muslin, calico, and dimity, are made of cotton. Cotton grows in a poa, on a small tree, in «va»'m countries. A quadruped is an animal with four feet. Cows, and sheep, and horses, are quadrupeds. An elephant is the largest of quadrupeds. Ivory is the tusk, or teeth, of elephants. ' A leveret is a young hare. Nobody that is able to work, should be idlo Learn something useful every day. Beautiful animals are not the mostusefuL «4 . V/ords of Section 2. The accent on the second sylUble. k\\ the sjlUblM short. A bun dance ad van tage a mend ment a no ther ap pren tice at ten tive com mand ment con si der con tent ment difl trust ful en dea vour in debt ed in dnl gence in struct er mis con dud neg lect ful of fen sive sub mis sive um brel la un plea iant when e ver de mure ly hu mane ly po lite ly what e ver Altb«i7lItbletIoD|i potato * se rene ly se vere ly The two fint ihortt the last long. Ad ven ture dis tinct 1/ con tern plate / distribute continue j exactly dis fi gure un clean ly The two flnt tons, the lut short. de stroy er de vour er di vi ded o bli ging re deem er Be tray er ere a tor de ceil ful de CO rum de light ful do lu sive de mure nesa dem al re main der re ward er sedu cer Uiue Syllables. The ficat sliort, the others long. Bal CO ny sin cere ly com plete ly ^ -v im ea sy im pure ly ,^ un seem ly in qui ry ';._ un ti dy The flni lODgi tfae others short. ct Be gin ning be long ing de can ter de pend ent for got ten re luo tant «^ re mem ber re miss neas re sem ble e le ven e pis tie me cha nic re sist ance re venge ful to ge ther wher e ver Tbe nldiSte laoci the others short. A bu sive . em broi der ac quaint ance em ploy ment agreement enlighten amusement enticement- as su ranee for sa ken con tri vance in de cent disciple inhuman disdainful unable disgraceful ungrateful X, Heading LessoD. When you read, or speak, pronounce every word distinctly. Endeavour to improve, and tty to remember what vou have learned. Be kind and obliging to every body. Let all your amusements be innocent. Remember a kindness, and never be ungrate- All. ' F2 'i 66 Woi;d6 of iliree Syllahlel A revengeful temper shows a bad heart, and 18 very troublesome to him that haa it* Section 3. The accent on the last syllable- All the HylUbles abort. Con tra diet in ter mix dia con tent re com mend incorrect understand The Uo fint short, (he last long. Dis a gree in ter cede dis ap point ma ga zine dis en gage « un der take* en ter tain vo lun teer The first short, the others loug. mis be have re fu gee un be lief The niddle short, (be others long. Overhear overbear overtake superscribe overflow ' superfine The middle long, the others short. Com plai sance cor re spend com pre hend • . re pre sent con de scend • ^ re pri mand * Resdiog Lessoh, « ijidapted to the preeediog section. Never disagree with yoiu* playfellows. If you disoblige others, they will disoblige you. Some chikbren are apt to contradict, but eyery body dislikes such a temper. When you do not understand a thing) and mo- Dis o bey dis o blige dis u nite Fi'omUciutiid Reading Lesso)is, 67 if and 1(1 destly inquire, your friends will condescend to instruct you. To Buperscribe signifies to write on the top or ouisicfe. Charles will superscnbe or direct ills letter. To reprimand signifies to reprove a person for some fault. James has received a reprimand tor neglecting his lesson. Never t^ to overhear persons who are speldc- ing privately. If any thing disappoints you, try to be content. People who can read well, and who love to read, can entertain themselves with books. .,'■','■''■•.■■ ' - • ' CHAPTER 6. i Promiscuous reading lessons. Section 1. The Sun. The sun rises in the east ; and when he rises, it is day. Ho shines upon the trees and the houses, and upon the water; and every thing looks sparkling and beautiful, when he shines upon it. He gives us light and heat; it is he that makes it warm. He makes the fruit ripen, and the com ripen. If he did not shine upon the fields, and upon the gardens, nothing would grow. Sometimes he takes off his crown of bright rays, and wraps up his head in thin silver clouds, and then we may look at him; but when there are no clouds, and he shines with all his bright* nesB at noonday, we cannot look at him, fbr he would dazzle our ey«^ and make us blind. Only 68 Promiscuous my. %.. l u the eagle can look at him then : the eagle with his strong piercing eye can gaze upon him al- ways. When thf* sun is going to rise in the morning, and make it day, tlie lark flies up in the sky to meet him, and sings sweetly in the air ; and the cock crows loud to tell every body that he is coming: but the owl and the bat fly away when ihey see him, and hide themselves in old walls and hollow trees ; and the Mon and the tiger go into their dens and caves, where they sleep all the day. He shines in all countries, all over the earth. He is the most beautiful and glorious creature that can be seen in the whole world. Section 2. •T The Moon. The moon shines to give us light in the nightj when the suri is set. She is very beautiful, and white like silver. We may look at her always, for she is not so bright as to dazzle our eyes, and she never scorches us. She is mild and gentle. She lets even tlie little glow-worms shine, which are quite dark by day. The stars shine all round her, but she seems larger and brighter than the stars, and looks like a large pearl a- mongst a great many small sparkling diamonds. When you aro asleep, she stiines through your curtains with her gentle beams, and seems to gay, Sleep on, poor little tired boys, I will not disturb you. The niglitingale sings to her, and Bings ])eLt(T tlian all the birds of the air. Sh© ' i^. Keadinsc Lessons. m 'with al- sit3 upon a thorn, and sings sweetly all tlie night long, while the dew lies upon the grajss^ and every thing around is still and silent. i Section 3. ', •: The Swan. ' All birds that swim in the water are web» footed. Their toes are joined together by a skin that grows between them ; that is being web- tooted ; and it helps the birds to swim well, for tnen their feet are like the fins of a fish. The swan is a large bird, larger than a goose. Its bill is red, but the sides of it are black; and it has black about its eyes. Its legs are dusky, but its feet are red, and it is web-footed. Its body is all white, as white as snow, and very beautiful. It has a very long neck. It lives in rivers and lakes; and eats plants that grow in the water, and seeds, and little insects, and snails. It does not look pretty when it walks upon the ground, for it cannot walk well; but when it is in the water, swimming smoothly along,, arch- ing its long neck, and dipping its white breast, with which it makes way through tlie water, it is the most graceful of all birds. The swan builds her nest amongst the reeds and rushes. The nest is made of sticks and long grass ; and it is very lar^e and higlj. The eggs which she lays are white, and very large, larger a great deal than a goose's egg ; and she sits upon them for two months : then they are hatched, and the young ones come out. They '0 ritfiniscuous *'^ «« / are called cygnets. Tiiey are not white at fit-at, but grayish. ' If any body were to come near the swan, when she is in the nest, sitting upon her eggs, or when she has young ones, she would fly at him ; for she is very fierce to defend her young: and if he were to come to take them away, she wovdd beat him down with her strong wings, and perhaps break his arm. The swan lives a very great while. "'■'] '"'' Section 4. ■■■'■ ' '■''^'-■" • The Hare. Ha f what is there amongst the furze ? I can see only its eyes. It has very large full eyes. It is a hare. It is in its fonn, or house, squatting down amongst the bushes to hide itself, for it is very fearful. The hare is very innocent and gentle. Its colour is brown; but in countries which are ve- ry cold, it turns white as snow. It has a short ])ushy tail ; its lip is parted, and very hairy; and it always moves its lips. Its hind legs are very long, that it may run the better. The hare feeds upon herbs, and roots, and the bark of young trees, and green corn ; and sometimes it will creep through the hedge, and steal into the gar dens, to eat pinks and a little parsley ; and it Joves to play and skip about by moonlight, and to bite the tender blades of grass, when thb dew is upon them ; but in the daytime it sleeps in its form. V. She sleeps with her eyes open, because she is Reading Lesson$. very ieartul and timid ; and when she hears the least noise, she starts, and pricks up her large ears. And when the huntsman soimds his horn, and the poor harmless hare hears the dogs com- ing, she ruiis avv^ay very swiftly straight forward, Btretchipg her legs, and leaves them all behind. But (the dogs pursue her, and she grows tired, and cannot run so fast as at first. Then she doubles, and turns, and runs back to her form, that the hounds may not find her; but they run with their noses to the ground, smelling till they have found her out. So when she has run five or six miles, at last she stops, and pants for breath, and can run no further. Then the hounds come up, and tear her, and kill her When she is dead, her little limbs which moved so fast, grow quite stiff, and cannot move at all. Her poor little heart, tliat beat so quiclc, is quite stiff and cold ; and her round full eyes are dull and dim ; and her soft furry skin is all torn and bloody. '- vj ;;. Section 5. , ;• The good Boy. . ; :, The good boy loves his parents very dearly. He always minds what they say to him, and tries to please them. If they desire him not io do a thing, he does it not : if they desire him to do a thing, he does it. When tliey deny him what he wants, he does not grumble, or pout out his lips, or look angry : but he thinks that his parents know what is proper for him, better than ho Joes, becatute they ai*e wiser than he is* 72 Promiscuous He loves his teachers, and all who tell him who.t is good. He likes to read, and to write, and to learn something fresh every day. He liopes that if he lives to be a man, ho shall know a great many things, and be very wise and good. He is kind to his brothers and sifters, and all his littlo playfellows. He nevei figlits. aor quar- rels with them, nor calls them names. Wlieii he sees them do wrong, he is sorry, and tries to persuade them to do better. He does not speak rudely to any body. If he sees any persons who are lame, or crooked, or very old, he does not laugh at them, nor mock tliem ; but he is glad when he can do them ar\y service. ^.» He is kind even to dumb creatures: fbr he knows that though diey cannot speak, they can ieel as well as we. Even those animals which he does not think pretty, he takes care not to hurt He likes very much to see the birds pick up bits of hay, and moss, and wool, to build their nests with ; and he likes to see the hen sitting on her nest, or feeding her young ones ; and to see the little birds in their nest, and hear Uiem chirp. Sometimes, he looks about in tho bushes, and in the trees, and amongst Uie straw berry plants, to find nests : but when he has found them, he onl^fc just peeps at them; ho Avould ratlier not see the little birds, than fright^ en them, or do them any harm. He never takes any thing that does not belong to him, or meddles with it, witliout leave. When h© walks in his Other's garden, he does not pall ■M • Si.'* 11 him 'write, He know good. id all quar- IWlien riesto If fie ced, oc Mnock imany for he ley can I which > not to ds pick buiid he hen ; ones 5 id hear in the straw lie has m; ho fright- belong When :>t pall .# Reading Lessons. 73 riowers, *or gather fruit, unless he is told that ho may do so. The apples that are fallen on the ground, he picks up, and carries to his mother. He never tells a lie. If he has done any mis* chi^, he confesses it, and says he is very sorry, and will try to do so no more: and nobody can be angry with him. ^^ m : When he lies down at night, he tnes to re- member all he has been doing, and leaniing in the; day. If he has done wiong, he is sorry, and hdpQB ne shall do so ^10 more ; and that God who is so good, will love and bless him.-^He loves to pray to God, and to hear and read about him ; and to go with his parents and friends to wor- ship Gml. Every body tliat knows this good boy, loyos him, and speaks well of him, and is kind to him! and he 18 veiy happy. / '< 1 G «,-•:/ t-^i~ y- *,'ir * ♦ 4 i ■m mik %.-*< i. **, ^ •^ ■if.- .1 it PART 111. >«• Wordi leas familiar to Childreiv— Correflpondenl ; reading; lessons — Miscellaneous article»— Rules for spelling, and pronunciation. _ When the learner has beea carefullv taught the let^om, contaio* y> 0d ir: the liri^ and serond parts or the book, dnd been coofinned in the genetit principiJes or pronunciations it irill be \e^ ntcnttij > (even ir it were practicHble) to pursue the preceding mode of tr- itingenient, to enable hioi to [ironouuce the words in the reoMtnifig part of the workr Some aid he will occafionally r(>iceiv easy t^ the leariier ; umI tb« fVBrplexity of masydtfliBrent and irreguumt!Dn»,ia avoided* —•See the nineteen^ij^epter, on the divi;f::s of ;> ilablea. y^ ' '■u:4% '■.^■^*»^CHAPTEB 1. ^ ^ '■■ '' V Words of three and more syllables. Section 1. Words ending m Hon, Uc. pronounced as two sylittV-es, trttk ^ ] ~ accent on tlie first ayllaUe. }, The accented syllable abort* ^ J rr . ' ' mar ti al Ac ti on ^ rr cap ti oils « ^ %# conscience ^ men ti on mU li on 4 • B V arrai^ini: the words tccording to the quanUty of tbe eeMtt" •SiyUeble, pranundmtFon I« aided ; thetrattriuon from woH towQid i aod tbt ioGouTenience of the double accent, la tToided. ■'^^ Tioo, tic. in this aectiODt are pronounced thtu, ^' Tioo and sion like «frim. Tious, aeioua, and clous like thus. ^.1Clenc.6andtieoett. » ]ike«A«ne«. ^ TialaudfJal likefAel. ZiftT and tier - « like Mhmr. Ion, proceded by i or fit like .f en. # •^ TrisyUdbUt. 76 con SCI ous ike ti ous f ac ti on frac ti on June ii on m&n u on pil H on pi ni on pre ci CUB see ti on stis moi^ an ci ent auc ti on bra Bi ex' cau tioa <)au ti oua gla zier « gracious hosier mo ti on naiiiift^^ 'X^iS'O: •>■?, .k'^- iv»^ 1^ ^^ mi m on mis si on nap tial op ti on par ti al pas si on pen si on ape ci al sue ti on miG ti on vor si on vi cious 2, «eeeBt6d lylUble long. t * E *". Ho tion pati onco pati^t por ti on po ti on quo ti ent 80 ci al spa ci ous spe ci ous sta ti on •siJ ■# I Section 2 accurtite affitble be ne fit cha ri ty com pa ny ^Words of three syllables. "^ Accent on the first syllable 1. The tcMDted syllable short. j^ justify lux u ry ► * »# .;, mas cu line no vel ty ob sta •le ...• ? W: km- i)i.-^ ,1.., <^i * »v .i per se cut« pos si ble spec ta cle tea ta ment a. Tfae kcetoted sylUble long. ' T holiness 74i ' ^ Trisyllables cus torn er . ^ ^ , e vi dent ' , hermitage ;/ , im pu dent ■■»■■ Q li en CO gen cy di a dem dra pe ry du ra ble fe ver ish fu ne ral glo ri fy grace ml ness . Accent on the second syllable. ' 1. The accented syllable short kna vish ly lu na tic mu ta ble no ti fy pi e ty re cent ly . vacancy vi o late ac com pli^h af feet ing at tend ance con nect ed con sump tive de li ver de mon strate dis CO ver dis ho nest do saee tic :*» 1 ♦'■•S' •# A- ^ -^ f # # 'itfr .» em bel lish for g^t fill im mo dest in ha bit in ter pret oc cur rence of fendcBi to bap CO tri umph ant im Com mon .»3v,ip- ad vi ser ap pear ance at tain ment ca the dral ile ct^iv er 2. The accented syllable loag. , . .; . he ro ic ^ \ ma ture ly ^' per fu mer per sua sive po ma twm j»,- }^ %■ n\ ^ f0 ■T'v Polysyllables 4 i expres si rn in 6tmc ti on li cen ti ous objection ^ ^ per fee ti en pro vin ci al sub Stan ti al sufficient 2. 1 he acc«Ktffit lyllable loiif. ca pa ci ous o ra ti on (!on clu si on con fu si on ere a ti on d vo tion fal la ci ous fouii da ti on im pa ti ent narration pol lu ti on ^ pro por ti on relation sal va ti on temp ta ti on ^, ; trans la ti on •?a ea ti on ' vexation Section 4. Words of four syllable?. Accent on the first syllable 1. Tlis tccented syUeble tbort ad mi ra Me in te reit ing; aniniftlly miaerabie a, i. II m f' h'^- 7$ . ca tor pil lar cha ri ta bio com fort a ble di li gent ly ha ber da^h er< ho nour a ble intimacy Polijsyllalleb, %'.• a mi a ble a vi a ry beau ti ful ly CO pi ous ly dan get ous ly for mi da ble fraud u lent ly bu mour ous ly lu mi na ry ne ces sa ry ^ ob sti na cv pro fit a ble se ere ta ry - to le ra ble tran si to ry ve gc ta bl© a. The accented syllable long. mo ment a ry mu si cal ly nu me roua ly or di na ry pu ri fi er ^ rea son a ble * right e ous nesa sea son a bly va ri a ble » Accent on the second syllable. 1. The accented s/llabie sbort. t ab surd i ty ad ver si ty bar ba ri ty be ne vo lent ca pa ci ty com mend a ble con si der ate , di mi nu tive ex pe ri ment ex tra va gant ^ 2. ab ste mi ous a bu ,9ive ly .« ■$"4 IB in dus tri ous ", inhabitant i^ ^ nobility ,,^ par ti cu lar pros pe ri ty *A' ri di cu lous sin ce ri ty so li cit ous ty mn ni cal un man net ly the acceoteJl syllable long. ex ceod ing ly ' vx cu sa b!e t > Polysyllables. 7.9 ile * ■'.'* a j^ree a ble ~ con 80 ri ou9 oon ve ni ent •■ ( :,« ,>«r Polysyllabki Section 5. ^Vordj endlog la (Urn, fcc. pronounced ns four lyUableii whfc tccent on thu tnin) syllable. I. Tbo accented vyllable short a va ri ci ous oon de seen si on con 8ci en ti ous de fi ni ti on dis qui si ti on e qui noc ti al ex pe di jLi on ex pe di ti ous im per feo ti on % m au sT>i ci ouf in suf n ci ent op po ai ti on pe ni ten ti al i pre judi ci al >' pre pos ses si on re qui si ti on sa tis fac ti on su per sti ti ous ab so lu ti on ad mi ra ti on ap pli ca ti on ap pro ba ti on com pi la ti on con ver sa ti on cul ti va ti op de mon stra ti on e du ca ti on 9. The aeceotedeyllabte long. ef fi ca ci out e mu la ti on in cli na ti on in vi ta ti on ob ser va ti on pre pa ra ti on pro vo OR ti on re sig na ti on re so lu ti on ■»•*- a bo mi na bio a po the ca ry con si de ra ble con ti nu al ly dis lio nour a ble diin in te rest ed Section 6. Words of five syllables. Accent on the second svllable. 1 The accented syllable abort. '-^ in com pa ra ble In es ti ma ble pre pa ra to ly re po si to ry un cha ri ta ble un Qom fort a ble Polysyllables. ^ . 81 ox pla na to ry , un go vem a ble i ma pn a ry , ^ un ne cos na ry [ im prac ti ca ble un par don a ble 2. The accented nyllable Inag. ccn 80 ri ous ly com mu ni ca ble com mu ni ca tive fe lo ni ous ly irn me dl ate ly . in du bi ta ble in vi o la ble la bo ri ously lux u ri ant ly ma te ri al ly mys to ri oua ly no to ri ous ly ob 86 qui ous nesa pe cu ni a ry re me di a ble re mu ne ra tive un rea son a ble vie to ri ous ly Accent on the third syllable. 1. The accented syllable short. a ca de mi cal al pba bet i cal a ni mo si ty an ni ver sa ry n]iri8 ti an i ty con tra die to ry n\ ri o si ty !;e o g^i'a phi cal I. OS pi tal i ty ii)i mo ral i ty ^. .i f in ci vil i ty in dis pen sa bio in fi del i ty in sig ni ft cant ir re sist i ble li be ral i ty ma nu fac to ry sa tis fac to ry sen si bi li ty / university - | .lr 2. The teceotcd syllable long. ;i m bi gu i ty in con ve ni ent '•r; re mo nious ton iu me li ous tiis a fierce a ble ; cha rac ter id tic ex pe ri ment al ec cle si as tic su per a bun dance en thu si as tie ad mi nis tra tor e pi gram ma tic mul ti pli ca tor • Accent on the first syllable, cus tom a ri ly ne cea sa ri ly de di ca to ry or di na ri ly \^ fi gu ra tive ly po ly syl la ble la bo ra to ly V vo lun ta ri ly '^ ^ ^r Section 7. . ^ Words ending; in Hon, 8tc. pronounced as five syllables, tritb till accent on the fourth syllable. , ab bre vi a ti on ac com mo da ti on al le vi a ti on cir cum lo cu ti on com mu ni ca ti on con si der'a ti on con ti nu a ti ^on de li be ra ti on e qui vo ca ti on ex a mi na ti on in ter pre ta ti on in ter ro ga ti on jus ti fi ca ti on re com mend a ti on Big ni fi ca ti on 6m> or di na ti on ver si fi ca ti on de ter mi na ti on ' Sections. Words of six and seven lyllnbles, properly accented in v6 lun ta ri ly uu reu son a ble ness ^ ce re mo ni ous ly dis be di ent ly ,- dis sa tis f&c to ry e ty mo 16 gi cal fa mi li kr i ty im mu ta hi li ty 1. . r Promiscuous em blem & li cal ly in con si der ate ly in con v6 ni ent ly interr6g>itoi7 me ri t6 ri ous ly re com m^nd a to rjjr su per an nu a ted ^ su per nil me ra r^ Reading Lissms* $3 in fal li bi li ty ^ pe cu li &r i fy • pre des ti n& ri an "^ su per in tend en cy u ni ver s&l i ty im ma te ri 61 1 ty incorruptibility va le tu di n4 ri an « - Section 9. I # f ■■■- . Reading LeBson« adapted to the sections of this chapter. A kind action gives pleasure, both to our^ selves and the person to whom we are kind. Violent passions make people miserable. Charles was very ill, but he was patient His fnends treated him with great attention and compassion. If we would gain knowledge, we must study very diligently. A. good education is a great blessing. A caterpillar changes into a butterfly. All the butterflies, which we see flying about, were ca- terpillars once. An apothecary sells medicines. The haberdasher selld tape and thread, and pins and needles, and other small wares. To think too highly of ourselves, ia unbecora»* ing and ridiculous. If we expect others to love us, without our being kind and good, we shall be disappointed. To fret because others are happier than we are is very unreasomhle u^^ .-i. i^i Promiscacmg We slioulcj remember, that if we let an oppor** tunity of doing good, pass away, it will never return. To do a thing voluntarily, signifies to do it willingly. To be superannuated, is, to be unable to do things, on account of old age. A valetudinarian is one that is sickly. CHAPTER 2. %" Promiscuous reading lessons. Section 1. The Boy and the Looking-glass. A little boy, when his father and mother were from home, was placing at ball In a room where there was a looking-glass. Before he began to play, he had turned the back of the looking-glass towards him, for fear he should break the glass. It would have been bet- ter, if he had gone out of doors to play at ball. As he was n6t a careless boy, I wonder he was not afraid of breaking the windows, as well as the looking-glass 5 but I suppose he did not think of that. ^ : ^ Whilst he was playing, and, perhaps, not think- ing at all about the looking-glass, hia ball struck the wooden back, and broke the glass. When he saw the mischief he had done, he was very sorry; and, I believe, he was afraid his father and mo- ther would be displeased with him. When his parents came home, he went to his father, and saidj " Father, I have broken the best looking-glass in the house ! and I am very soitv )ppof.* I never do it to do r were where led the fear he en bet- it ball, he was well as t think .thinlc- struci; hen he sorry; id mo- to lib se best ^ SOITV Jieading Lessom* 86 for it." His father looked kindly at him, and said^ *' I would rather that all the looking-glass- es in my house, should be broken, than that one of my children should tell an untruth.'' * Tho little boy hearing his father say this, and seeing that he was not angry, felt comforted : though, I suppose, he wished very much that he had not broken the looking-glass. Afler that time, when he met with an accident, he confess- ed it 5 and would not, on any account, tell an tmtruth. Section 2. ' ' The good Boy whos^ parents arc rich. ' ' The good boy whose parents are rich, has fine clothes to wear ; and he rides on a pretty little horse, and in a coach ; and has servants to wait on him : but he does not, for all tliat, think that he is better than other boys, whose parents are not rich. ^ He knows that all rich people are not good ; and that God gives a j^reat deal of money to some persons, in order that they may assist tnose who are poor « He speaks very kindly to all his father^s ser- vants. He does not call them to wait upon him, when they are at their meals, or very busy. IC he wants them to do hun a service, he asks them })rettily ; and thanks them for what they do for him. He never gives them any trouble tliat he can avoid; therefore, he iscarefid not to iiiuke dirt in the house^ and not to break an/ lliin<^, or put it out of its place, and not to tear hf'^ cloth'^s H 01 '/ ♦fMi ■i*/* !'!' — # I 8l> promiscuous When any of the servants who wait upon liiiUj are ill, he likes to go and see them ; and h© of- ten thinks of them, and nsks how they do. He likes to go with his father, or his mother, to see poor people, in their cottages ; and ho gives them almost all the money he has. When he sees little boys and girls, that are ragged, dirty, id rude, and that have nobody to teach them to read, and to give them good books, he is very sorry for tiiem, and he often says, " If I were a n^an, ad had a great deal of money, I think no perso i tliat lived near me should be very poor. I v/ould build a great many pretty cottages for poor people ta live in; and eveiy cottage should have belonging to it a garden* and a fteld, in order tha ■. the poor people might have plenty of vegetables, and a cow, and a pig, and some poultry; and they should not pay me much rent. I would give clothes to the little boys and girls; and they should all learn to read, and to write, and to work,«nd to be very good."^ ^ Section 3. ' Tlift good doy whose parents arc poor. The good boy whose parents are poor, rises v^^ry early in the morning ; and all day long, does as much as he can to help his father and mother. ^Vhen he goes to school, he walks quickly, and does not, lose time on the road. " My pa- rents," says he, " are very good, to save some of t^^^ir money, in order tliat * mpy learn to read and wrtte ; but they cannot give much, nor can *.hey spare me long; therefore 1 must learn * "'im^ heof^ Readinsc Lessofis. 87 rises fist BB I can : if any body has time to lose, I am sure I have not. I should be very sorry, when I. am a man, not to know how to read very well, m the Bible, and other good books ; and when I IcuLve my parenta, not to be able to read their letters, end to write them word where I am, and how I do. And I must learn accounts, for when I grow up, I shall have many things to reckon about my work, and what I buy : I shall per- haps have bills to make out, as my father has ; and perhaps I shall be employed in a shop.'^ When he has finished his lessons, he does not stay to play, but runs home; he wants to see his father and mother, and to help them, and to nurse the little baby. He often sees naughty boys in the streets, and in the fields, fight, and steal, and do many sad things ; and he hears them swear, and call names, and tell lies : but he does not like to be with them, for fear they should make him aa bad as they are 5 and that any body who sees him witft them, should think thai he too is naughty. When he is at home, he is very industrious. He takes care of the little children ; mends his clothes ; knits his stockings ; and spins worsted : or he weeds his father*s garden, and hoes, and rakes it, and sows seed in it. Sometimes he goes with his father to work : then he is very glad ; and though he is but a little felloe, he works very hard, almost like a man. When he cornea home to dinner, he says, " How hungry I am I and how good this bread is, and this bacon .' In- idfeed^ I think every thing we have, is very good ^■^'■ /^ 8B Promiscuous •';. i. I' I »■ ■ ( :-K .rl I am glad I can work : I hope that I shall soon be able to earn all my clothes, and my food too/' When he sees little boys and girls riding on pretty horses, or in coachep, or walking with ladies and gentlemen, and having on very fino clothes, he does not envy them, nor wish to be like them. He says, " I have often been told, and I have read, that it is God who makes some to be poor, and some rich ; that the rich have many trouble: vvliich we know nothmg of; and that the poor, if they are but good, may be very happy : i?"!'^Of '^' I think that when I am good, nobody i' . k»c happier than I am." . # a -^ . Section 4. , . 1 , Th2 : t'^a'.ive anJ industrious little Girl Sb^ft always minds Avhat her father and mother sa^ to her ; and takes pains to learn whatever they are so kind as to teach her. She is never noisy or troublesome : so they like to have her with them, and they like to talk to her, and to instruct her. She has learned to read so well, and she is so good a girl, that her father has given her several little books, which she reads in, by herself, when- ever she likes ; and she understands all that is in them. She knows the nieaning of a great many diffi- cult words ; and the names of a grtat many coun- tries, cities, and towns, and she can find theia upon a map. She can spell almost every little sentence that her father asks her to spell ; and she can write very prettily, even without a copy ^ and she can do a great many R'lms on a slate '.* ■■ e IS so everal when- Lt is in dim, coun- theui little ; and *- .. , Kcadinf^ Lessons, . 89 Whatever she does, she takes pa^ to do it >vell; and when she is doing one ilung, she tries not to think of another. If «he has made a mistake, or done any thfaip vTong, she is sorry for it : and when she is told of a fault, she endeavours to avoid it; another time. When she wants to know any thing, she asks iier father, or her mother, to tell her; and she tries to understand, and to remember what they tell her: but if they do not think proper to an- swer her questions, she does not teaze them, but says J " When I am older, they will perhaps in- Etruot me ;" and she thinks about i>omething else. She likes to sit by her mother, and sew, or knit. When she sews, she does no^ take long stitches, or pucker her work ; but does it ver^ neatly, just as her mother tells her to do. And she always ke^ps her work very clean : for if her hands aie dirty, she washes them before she be* gins her work; and when she has finished it, she iblds it up, dxid puts it by, very carefuUy, in her work-bag, or in a drawer. It is but very seldom indeed that she loses her thread, or needles, or an}' thing she has to work with. She keeps her needles and thread in her housewife : and she has a pincushion on which she puts her ptns. She does nri stick needles on her sleeve, or put pins in her mouth ; for she has been 1X)ld those are silly, Hangerous tricks ; and she always pays at- teiilion to what is said to lier. She takes care of her own clothes ; and folua ^ tliem up very neatly. She knows exactl}^ whore 1)0 Pioiuisciious Ucadiuu: Lessons. w vv 1 .<^ she puts tliem ; and, I believe, she could iind them even in the dark. When she sees a hole in her stocklnjxs, or her frock, or any of her clothes, she mends it, or asks her mother to have it mended bhe does not wait till the* hole is very large ; for riiie remcnibeks what her mother has told her, that " A stitch in time saves nine.'' She does not like to waste any thing. She never throws away, or burns^-, iirumbs of bread, or peeliniL;^ of fruit, or little bits of muslin, or linen, or, ends of thread: for she has seen the chickens and the little birds, picking up cinimbs, and the pigs feeding upon peelings of fruit ; and she has seen the ragman go about gathering rags, which her mother has told her, he sells to peo- ple who make paper of them. When she goes witli her mother, into the kitclien, and the dairy, she takes notice of every th'ng she sees ; but she does not meddle with any thing, v/llhaut Ic^ ve. She knows how pud- d'ln^Sj tarts, butter, and bread, are made. She can iron her own clothes; and she can maLe her own bed. She likes to feod the chickens a;id the young turkeys, and to give tjiem oieuii v.nter to drink, and to wash them- selves in; she likes to work in her little garden, to weed it, i*rA to sow 3*«eds ar^d plant roots in it ; and she likes to do little jobs for her mother: she likes to be employed, and she likes to be usefid. If all little girls would be so attentive, and in- dustrioub, how they would delight the^.r parents, and their kind friends ! and they womld be mucH ■4 .ti.il" .*f- tlieni In her js, sho liided 5 for iier. She )read, the -'■^ Vvcptr Names. * 01 iiappiei' themselves, than when tliey are obati naie, or idle, or ill-humoured, and will not learn any thing properly, or mind what is aaid to them ♦ CHAPTER 3. Names of persons and places. Section 1. I Names of persons. AcccDt on the fi ii syllable. Gilbert "^ ^^ Han nah ^ He len -^^/^^M Hen ry Ho mer Ho race , Hum phrey ^- Isaac Ja cob Jas per t^ " Jo sf'ph Ju dith '.m ma I^u rence E phraini Loo nard iCsjt her Ijcw is I'^ran ces ^ Lu cry Fran cis Mar tha " '■■■ A a ron Abel K dam Aj^ ne8 An drew An na Ar thur Ca leb Cie sar Cy 1U9 1 i\ vid VA ward V •r '. f)^.-''^. Mary Mat Uiew Mo see Na than . Peter Phe bo V Philip Phil lis . Ra <'.hei Rich ard Ro bert Ro ger 8a rah Si mon Ste phen Tho mas Wal ter A bi ga:l A bra ham All tho ny Ar chi bald Bar ba ra ^^^ ja min Accent on i'ac first syllable. .Tef f( ry - Jo na than 4fe Jo shu a HjJ di i» Mar ga ret Mi chA el € ?1. i :''' .>^ 'it 92 Ca ro lifiie Ca tha line Chris to pher Daniel Oe bo rah Do ro thy : Fro de ric Ga bri el Isabel Proper JS'm.f^'es, * Mor de cai ^ Ni cli ) las O li ver Sa muel Si me on •X/ So lo mon ^^, Ti mo thy Valentine William *t ^^ ,-iV Accent OD the eecood syllable. A me li a £ ze ki cl Bar tho lo mew *" Na tha ni cl ^ Cor ne li us ^- * ^ Pe ne lo pe EUzabeth ' "^ ; Theophilus /f* -^ Cb. Section 2. ■^ Eu' ROPE N6r way Swe (jien Den mark i v'^g si a ' r ma ny Pi 6s si a All stri a Bo he mi a Hiin ga ry Ba ik vi a Swit zor land rtaly France Spain P6r tu gal , Names of places. CoViOtrios. f . :1 Blo roc 00 T f- Wales 8r6t lanvi Ire"* land A' SIA •rur key Tar la ry Chi 1. .la p^T East-In dies Fer Bi a A Id bi a Rhode-Island Ver mont Con nee li cut Now-H4.niD shire Mas sa chti seas Ken tuc ky Ten nes see '"t, .> .J **#. i: Fro^tr Names, . 93 •^ Mfi ry land K * * Penn syl vu ni a NewJfcr sey New-York C^ na da New-Br6ns wick N6 va-Sc6 ti a New found land M6x i CO Ca li for ni a Lou i si {i na ' Ter ra-Fir ma { Pe rti \ ma z6 ni a Gui k na Bra zil » 4 Pa ra gu&y ^ Chi li Pa ta g6 ni a , * Ij6n d^ York ^ ;;■!;■ ^'^m ^ Bris tol \- '"^'^f^'fi'-rr^i^ Gi^s gow E'din burgh i Cork Dtiblin H&m burg A'm ster dam R6t ter dam L6y den H^ no ver Vi <»n na *1 CUJCT ^'- --.:t ""- t(j1 w Pe ters burg M6s cow Stock holm Co pen hk gen Ber lin W&r saw.. D^nt zio Ly ons Madrid Bar ce lo n^ C&diz Lis bon Bel grade % i^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 ^ Itt 12.2 IS |£o 12.0 1^1 1.4 I' 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STMIT WIBSTER,N.Y. M5M (716) •73-4503 ^^ ^\ ^f\\ 'k Trent FV&nklbrt Br68 sell Br^da . Bisil Ilctu Room N4pleB V^ ni^e M&n ui a hdg h6m Tu rSn F16reiice Con Stan U 116 pit Al^ppo^ Je rd aa lem ^ Akx&ndriii , Cairo M^c ctt Me di na '"^ C4n ton Que bic Hi li te B6pton Fhikd^lpoit Wftahingtmi Charies-Town Qui to Section^^. - ># BMuBog LenoB, to the leetloiia of tUs dijqptar Cargline and Amelia have hada fine%u»niiK tvttBc. lli^lndttfaieirhrotlien^I^ederickaiid WilHaai ; and they «& returned cheerful and lythif^tfaftt are used M this opunlix^ «dine from other placet.— -i%i and raiting oKw^es and leniQnty come ivom S^pakijf Itafy^ and BirtunL ^ ttoe aM nigar cottie from the Eaet and Weeb* Indie% Nutmegsy dnnamony doteik neppeT} and ofiier tfaces, coni0 from the EairtrMMlee. Tohacco grows in Vir^nia ; indiso k Caio- Ifim. Tea grows iu Ghm; coH^ la Toikqr » < Rfioimg Lessons. ^ 90 snd the Wept^fndies* Fhmes and olive! gnnr in FVanoe and Spain. • ^ Gdd and illver eome firom MiBdco and Pern ; marbfoi from Italy and Tuikeyj and Ivory frond Africa* DiamondBy peailB^ and other ttraouiis ftonea^ are foimd intneEatftrlndieSiiiiainSoiEiIll Aine* rioa. oaAmB4. ftomiacaous raadl^ leMODL Section 1. f ■ V Thf-Bof of Diiwlpt. JLpoor widow* used to niha and work vsiy hirai in order that ihe mi^t maintain b«rMlf| and her little fon* She ooidd not read; hut dbe wiahed her son mig^t leaniy andshe seni him to ■ohool. As fhe took paii^^ he learaid to read tVhen he was about twelte yean of afe^ hia mother^bad a paralytie atiofee^and loi(idia me of her limhe; ao ahe was dl>Vged to tte in bed aU day loiq^, and die^coiid iiot i$iiii or woik any more* As f^ had not been iMe to saT^ anv meliey, iht ooi# ii0t hire anybo^ t^cllMm lierhofMB^ and to w6rk fer her; and db Witt v«iy ihiifili ^stressed. A {kmt woman irtio was her neli^ bouri used siMiietines to etdl ki to assiBt hoTiiuid to do tlitle johs for |ier t hut her son wan her STMU eomlm He said with& hkns^; <»1 wfl| n^ let my mother ^ M ivatit; Itirill work fi^ ^ Pf6miscuaus her : I will maintain her. Qf^ I hopi^ wil bless me^ and prosper my work." He went to a manufactory that was in the town where he lived \ and got some woHfii Everv dav he went to the manufactory, and worked hard^ h^er than if h^ had worked for himself alone; and in the evening he, brought his wages to his poor mother. Before he went in the moraingy ne lilways cleaned the room for his mother ; and got ^ir breal^fk&t ready; and did all he could to mi^e her comfoi*table whilst he was absent. This good boy thought if hi^ mother could read, she could amuse aiSl employ herself, when hi. Was hdt with her: so he took a great deal of pains, and tau^t her to read. And when she haa leartied, ishe was highly delighted .: <^Now/^ said she, << I am very haj^y. I alnri. Indeed, oon- iined to ni^ bed, aiid I cannot wcMrk i but I can read the Bible, and that is a great comfort to me ; aiid I hi^e one of the best and kindest <^ sons.**'--' ^ \*-^'*.^. ■> ■. ^ SJctjon^ The litae Gardeoer's gift. ^ little bojf 1^ a garden ; and he had a spiade, a ral^, and a hoe. 1^ was vdjry food of wotking Ud 1^ £P9rden. Ohe summer. l\e had in it a great ,m?% pretty flowers, a !J|acp tree, a ^sebeny JiAi^ and 80];ne p)$af f \ Vi^en his pe^ were taxi^ enough W be pi^- ed» and his gposebemea we^ ouite i^^ h^ s&id ^ bis ^isiw ; ^ I win feti^ |i badce^l my jpea«, ana my gooseberriesy and , _ , to the poor tome man on the common : fiili lo town rerydty |]f alone; loraingy ier;And he could s absent ler could sir, when eat deal Mrfaenshe «^Now,v eed, oon- butlcan mifort to |ide8i cf ia^de, itagreat oselimy Reading Lessons* V ill noW| that he cannot ride on the as8| aa he mod to doy and go to work." So tho little bov fetched lus basket, and was very buiy piokmg his peas and gooseberries : and when he had picked thenr, he carri^ them im- mediately to the poor old man, and put them on the table, and laid some money on the talile; all the money he had. The poor old man was sitting by the firodde, quite alone ; for his wife was gone out to work, and his children were a great way off. When he saw the little boy come in, and saw him put the peas, and gooseberries, and money upon the ta- ble, he smiled, and looked glad, and thankttd him very kindly. The littler boy seemed very happy. His nster was pleased to see him so good to the |K)or old man, and loved him dearly. I dare say when the old man eat hi^ pes^ md gooseberries, and looked at his money, he uloiK^ ^^ ^® 1^^^® ^yi and said, ^ I hope, jjra^iP^|ip that young gen- tleman, who is so veiy p^po me." Section 8. " Tbe little Prisunen. What psdns the little lords take to build theiv ^ pretty, soft, warm nests ! How patiently the hen sits upon her e^s, till they are hatched f How ~ lieenUy ^d affectionately both the parents T, ai^lend their young ones. AlittP boy having found a nest of young spar* t0nh miut a mile fh>m the ho^^se where he ^red, took it, and returned home. As he went I 9B Pranu8euou8 It along;, with the nest in his hand, he was surprised to see that both the parents of the young birds followed him, at a little distance, and seemed to watch whither he was going. He thought that they would feed tho litUe birds, if they could get to (hem : eo when he reached home, he put the nest and the young birds in a wire cage, and placed the cage on the outside of^^ window* T['h| rirae birds were hungry, and cried for food. Very soon, bovh the parents, having small caterpillara In their bills, came to the cage, and gave one to each of the young birds, and seemed clad to see them : then, away they flew for more food. The old birds continued to feed their young ones verf diligently, till they weve fledged, and seemed able to fly. Then the little boy Uxsk the itroiigest of the young birds, and put him upon the outside of the cage. When the old birds ^ame, as they always used to do, with worms in their biUs, they fluttered about, and seemed ve- ry glad that one of their little ones had got out 01 prison. They wanted jiim to fly away; but he had never tried to fly, and he was afraid. Then they flew btycjcwards and forwards from tlie cage to the top of a chinmey that was near, as if to show him now easy it was to fly, and that the Jouvw ney was but short. At length,' away he new*; wad he arrived safe at the top of the diimn^. Ti»!0, the old birds fluttered about, as4hey did wMl they flrst saw him on the outside of the Cif^i and seemed to r^ice very much* :»j^" ' Reading Lessons. 99* Next day, the boy put another of the birds on the outside of the cage. The old buds were as glad to see him, as they had been to see the other Httle bird ; and took as much pains to persuade him to fly. Then the boy put out the other two birds, which were all he had. When all the little birds were flown, neither they, nor their parents, ever came back to the cage. I think the little boy must have been much more pleased when he set the young birds free, than he would have been, had he always kept them in prison. CHAPTER 5 Duties of Children^ Section 1. Love your &ther and mother. Th^J|i^ye yott very dearly ; and they have taken care hi you ever since you were bom. They lovedi you^ and took care of you, even when you wer4' poor lit- tle helpless babies, that could not talk, nor walk dbout, nor do scarcely any thing- but cxy, and give a great deal of trouble. Xi/uo is so *k!!id to you as your parents are ? Who takes so much pains to instruct you ? VHio taught you almost every thing you knowF ~~ provides food for you, and clotheis, andl beds to sleep on at nights ? Who is so glaifSR^i^n you are pleased, and so sorry when you lire troubled ? When you are sick, and in pain, who pities you, and tenderly waits unonyou, and nurses you ? Who prays to Goo to give you health, and strength, and every §ood thing ? i,- 'I' 100 Promiscuous Obey your parents. They know boiler what i& proper for you^ tlian you do ; and they wuh j^u .to be good, and wise, and happy. If your parents are sick, or in trouble, do all you can to comfort them. If they are poor, work very hard, that you may be able to assist them. Kemember how much they have done, and suffered for you. Section 2. Love your brothers and sisters. Do not tease nor vex them, nor call them names; and never let your little hands be raised to strike them. If they have any thing which you would like to have, do not be angry with them, or want to get it from them. If you have any thing they lUce, share it with them. Your parents grieve when they see you quar- rel ; they love you all with dear love 5 and they wish you to love one another, and to live in peace and harmony. People will not speak, or think well pf you, if you do not behave kindly to your parents, and to your brothers and sisters. *^Whom,'* say they, ^< will persons love, or be kind to, if they do not love their own &ther and mother who ^ha^e done so much for them ; and their own brotfiers and sisters who have the same parents, and the same home as they have, and who are brought up with them ?" Sections. Do not meddle with what does not belong to* you; nor ever tal-e other people*i thingsi with Qutleavc^k . . ^ Children, never allow yourselves to pluck u flower, or any fruit, that grows in your parents* or other people's gardens, unless you are told that you may do so ; never, without leave, take a pin, or a needle, or a bit of thread, from your companions: never, even if your parents are very poor, and have nothing to make a tire with, steal wood from your neighbours' hedges, or branches from their trees. If you steal little things, you will soon learn to steal great things. Whenever you are tempted to steal, do not say, as some silly, naughty people do : " Those are but very little things, no body will miss ihcln: no body sees me ; and I dare say I shall never be found ou^." But say : <' No, I will not steal : though no man sees me, yet God saes me ; and if once I begin, I shall go on stealing. Then every body that knows me, wi)l find me out ; and r shall be punished, and despised, and called a thief; and people will be afntid to trust me with any Uiing that belongs to them. All this, I am sure, wiU make »e very mkenible: and oh, what is still worse, God will be displeased w! i^^ me ; for oAe of his great c without a cross word; or look. Medicinesii Heading Lissuns. lOd arii not pleasant to taste; but they are moont to do you good. Section 9. Do not l>e unclcanlyi or untidy, ^whether you are well, or ill. Keep your hands, and face, and hair, and cvety part of your body, cmite clean } and your clothes neat, and in good or- der. It is very unpleasant to look at fUthy peo- ple, or to be near them. * Children who are kept cleax^ and tidy, ge- neially grow much stroller and healthier, and more cheerful and good humoured, than those who are seldom cleaned, and who wear xfity filthy, ragged dothes. Section 10. If the clothes, and the food, fhat are given you, are proper for you, do not find fault with them : but be thankful for them, though they are not what you liice as well as some other things Do not eat more than is necessary. Persons who eat too much are called gluttons. They are stupid, and heavy, and idle ; and, very oflen, they have a sad pain in their head, and stomacli. Take care of every thing that belongs to yo> If you have drawers of your own, keep them tc\ good order. Persons who always put their things m the proper places, very seldom lose any thing* v/hibn they want a thing, they know where to find it ; and tliey need not waste their time in looking for it. Section 11. Do not, if you can help it, keep company with diildren who lie, or steal, or q-jarrel; or use bad # 106 Promiacfwus words, lest they should teach you to do as thfty do ; and th^t people who see you with them^ should thiuK, and say, that you too are naughty. If the people whom you must live with, behave ill, take great care not to learn their bad ways. If they see that you are very good indeed, pe>r- haps they will learn to be liko you. Groodpeoj^o should not learn to be like bad people ; but bad people should learn to be like good people. Section 12. Do not be curious to know what people do not wish you to know. Do not look at their letten, or what they are writing, unless they give you leave ; perhaps there is something in their let- ters, or what they are writing, which they do not wish you to see. Do not listen at doors, or in any places where people who are talking, do not see you, or know tliat you are attending to what they say. Section 13. Do as you are bid by those who teach you. Take pains to improve in reading, writing, and whatever else your parents are so kind as to teach you, or wish you to learn. * Do not think you know better than your p&» rents, and your teachers. ^They have lived a great deal longer than you have ; they have read, and seen, and heard, a great many things whz'^h .you know nothing of. You have lived lonffer than little infants, and you know more; but great boys and girls know more than you do; and men and women know more than great boja andgirlsdo. , ^ , .. .^..%.., Readins Lessons. 107 Bo not read any books but those which youir parents, or teachers, give you leave to read. Some books are not proper for you to read : they are like bad companions; they teach wrong things. It is better not to read at all^ than to read bad books. Section 14. Our parents are very good to jus ; but God is better than our parents, and he has done m6r» for us. He gave us our parents, and every thing we have. He is not a man; lie is wiser, and better, than any man ever was, or ever can be. He made the sun, moon, and stars ; ih^ earth, and the sky ; water, trees and flowers ; birds and beasts, fishes and insects; and men, women, and children. He has made us more excellent than the beasts; for he. Bachelor pf |£^> A.M. or M* A. Master of nity. Arts. p. D. Doctor ef divinity 112 Abbreviatiaiis, i9 i PI H lAm pH Mm ■f^y ii BP. Bishop. BART. Baronet. ooL. Colonel. €. s. Keeper of the seal. c. p. s. Keeper of the privy seal. ' • ESQ"; Esquire. F. L. 8. Fellow of the Linnsean Society. F. A. s. Fellow of the Antiquarian Society. F. R. 8. Fellow of the Royal Society. 0. R. George the King. HON. Honourable. J. H. s. Jesus the Sa- viour of men. J. p. Doctor of Law. Kiim Knight. LIEUT. Lieutenant. X. 8. Place of the seal. 1. L. D. Doctor of the Canon ^d Civil law. M. D. Doctor in Phvsic. MR. Master. MRS. Mistress. M. s. Sacred to the me- mory. M. p. Member of Par- liament. MS. Manuscript. Mss. Manuscripts. n. B. Mark wbU. Ko. Number. N. s. New Style.* 0. s. Old Style. oxoN. Oxford. PHaoM. A lover of the Mathematics. PER CENT. By the hun- dred. p. M. Q. Professor of music at Gresham college. • p. 8. Postscript.' Q. Queen. BEG. PROF. E^'s Fto- fessor. RT. HON. Right Ronour- able. 8T. Saint. s. T. p. Professor of Di- vinity. XT. Christ. XTN. Christian. ULT. The last. IB. or IBID. The same place. ID. The same. E. 6. or V. G. As for ex ample^. 1. E. That is. Q. D. As if he should say. Q. L. As much as you please. Q. 8* A sufiicieiit quan- tity. , v.F«rvi»E. See. Italic LetUrs, 113 sor ofDi* rhe same b for ex lould saj. h as you entqiuin« See* VIZ. For VIDELICET. &c. et cetera^ and lo That is to say. forth. r of the 1 ^ And. I the hun- I . ♦ J, 1 essor of ■ Gresham ■ CHAPTER 8. Reading Lessons, in Italic, Old English^ nuscript letters. ' Section 1. Italic Letters. and ma- ^^H A B C D E F Q H / ^^1 J k I M N P « H ig's Fto- ■ S T U V W X r Z t Honour* I a m J b c d « / g t I m n p h 9 1 # 9 t ti V ' «v ^ y % Select Sentences* Do to others as yen wish they sItmLd do to you* How pleasant it is to live imth persons who core Mndy and cheerfi^, and willing to oblige; who ne- ver taksy or kepp^ what does not belong to them ; and wlio alicays speak the truth f When you are told of a faulty endeavour to avoid it afterwards* We must not do wrongs because %oe see others Qjo so. Be not afraid to do what is right and proper for you to do. f Never ask other persons tq do any thing for yoi^f whid^ you can as prop9rly do for yoursdves. As soon as you have teamed to work wellf tty toworkquidc. If we do not take pains^ we nmatnot exp§ct ta ixcelin any thing. Kfi 114 Italic Leilers. Attentive and indusfrioits people, can always find time to do wliat is proper Jor them to do. How comfortahle it is to feel thai we d^^rly love onr parents, our brothers and sisters, and all our relations and friends ; and to know that tliey love us, and wish to serve ns, and make us hapjjy / Persons who desire to gain knowledge, listen to their instructers with attention and respect. Ignorant, foolish, arid obstinate persons, are very disagreeable to others, and unhappy in themselves. The Parrots, Two parrots were confined together in a large cage. The ciip which held their food, was put at the bottom of the cage. They commonly sat on the same perch, and close beside each other. Whenever one of thsm went do-wn for food, the other always followed; and when ihey had eaten enough,, they hastened together to the higfiest perch of the cage. They lived four years in this state of confine ment ; and always showed x strong €tffectio7i for each ofher. At the end of tfUs time, the female grew very weak, and Imd all tfte marks of old age^ Her Ugs swelled, atid she was no longer able to go to tlic bottom of tJis cage to take h^r food: but lier companion went and brought it to mr. He carried, it in his bill, and. emptied it into Iters, This affectionate bird continued to feed his mate, in this manner, for four months. But her weak* ness increased every day. At last site was unahU to sit on tlie perch ; and remained crouched ai the bottom ofUve cage. Sometimes she tried to geH upt to the IfPMr peHhi hit vms mfl able. Old English. 1 Her cmnpanion did all lie could to assist her* He often took hold of the upper pari of her wing with his bill, and tried to draw Iter up to him* His looks and his motions showed *a great desij/^ to help Jury and to make her sufferings less. But the sight was still more affecting^ when the female was dying. Her distressed companvm went round and round her a long time, without stop* ping. He tried at last to open Iter bill, that he mi^U giv*' her some food. His trouble increased, every moment. He went to' and from Jter, with the utmost appearance of distress. Sometimes he made the m^st mmimful cries : at other times, he fixed his eyes on his mate, and was silent; but his looks showed the deepest sorrow. His companion at length died: and this affectionate and interest- ing bird grew weaker and weaker from thai time; and lived only a few months. This is an affecting lesson, to teach us to be kind and loving, and very lielpful, to one another; and to those persons in particular, who are nearly connected voith us^ and wlio stand in need of our assistance. Section 2. Old English. a « c a? e JF i^ r p 5 *i«,/,.' ■' f? IIB Old English, Cjfte charitable §^i1Ht0f People toBo lode to ferfie atiti oblige o^ni> ran fittb mattp toaptf of tioittg it, to^icg felf ilb^ un&inb {leople bo ttot ^ome little git:l0> togo tdete tifitt^y anb togore patetttiS teece ticg, I)ab a full glafei of goob looim alloteeb tgem> eberp bap4 Cgep faib one to another: '' Wit are ffrong anb IDealt&p *, toe tan bo toitj^oitt toine^ C(EletoilI> berp often, f abe our toine ; anb pour it into a bot- tle for poor people togo are 0icii. Cj^ep tannot afforb to bup toine, ebeu. togen tge bottor telljsi tjgem it tooulb bo tgem more goob tgan anp mebirine0t HMttn toe iiabe monep, toe toill gibe tgem fome monep alfo ; or toe toill bup tilings; for tgem tgat tgep toann Cgefe goob little girl0 hit^ a0 t&ep faib. dUBen tgep gearb tgat anp of tgeir poor neig&boursi toere 0ic{i> anb tgat toine tooulb bo tjgem goob> t&ep toere berp glab to gabe a bottle redibp for tgem. Cge poor people iQbeb tgem> anb tvfre berft tganfifttl to tgem. .* Mmmscript 117 i!M%m tittt good cgUtiren gteto tip, tljtp ga6 a great tieal of time mi mo« ttep to fpettti a0 tgep pleafeti^ Cfien tllep raoeO t^etr toine, a0 tliep ufeti to bo ; tgep tootfteD for poor people; tjgep rauggt little gtrl0 to rea&, atto tDrtte> and fett), anti gatie tgem boo&iai anil (lotSe0 : an6 Hi all tge good tSep (ouin to tge poor people toj^m tfiep Ineto. Section 3. Manuscript. a V c d e f a n i i ^ Cm nahina u)6t M soon, ne nao some money' 7 ^roj ana Mven to nim, as a reruan ne was toM tnat ne miaM do wUntne mone^,iust as nehCeas^ eo. Q^s soon as ne nad receiv- ed it, ne as^ed nis master s ^ave to ao ano see nis motner^ anone too^ tne mon&u witn nim, ano aave it to n&i. ♦ At Shretrabiirr Words sowUlid alike. 119 natdf food, varied. \moneu Oj aTia fM do receiv' i Ceave a no M If ang (y noiva^ad ne mu6t nave f^A, wnen ne aave tnc tnondu to nis motnc^j U roai vcru utt£^p SiU it 'iifi7.^ aCC ne nad to cUve: rino MO 6ne ma6t nave Seen, to nave do p 3!^ 77} a ja wo a don ! OBAPrEB 9* Words exactly the same in aoundy but diffemt in spelling and signification* All, every one At t^n dantsy.waiteri Awl, aA imtnunent to Bare, naked bore holes Bear, a beast , Al tar, for sacrifice BeaUf a fi>p A'i ter, to change Bew, to shoot with Air, one of the ele- \ Beat^ to strike ments* / Beety a plant Ere, before > Q£r ry, a small fruit Heir, one who inhe- V Bd ry,' to lay in the rits ) grave /iB c^nt, going up Beer, malt liquor As s^nt, agreement Bier, to carry iib» dead At t^n dance, waiting Blew, did blow * By a— rl i U aKt in thif chapter, luch words 00I7 m bar* pre* fSMLy the Mat wam nA , we assiit the learner in bte pronuodatiOBiei well u enakle htai to (ttstlosuiib tho meaniiis of worda ieupMiJ •lOM •' I 190 Words sounded alike. Blue, a cobur Boar^abeast >-. fiore, to make a l^ol(f Bough, a branch Bow, to bend ^ ^ Brerd, food ' Brec^ brought up Cell, a hut or cave Sell, to dispose of Sent, did send Scent, smeU Ceil ing, of a room S^al ing, fixing a seal Coarse, not fine Course, race or way G6m pie ment, the full number C6m pli ment, civil ex- pression Dear, costly Deer, a wild beast Dew, on the grass Due, owins Faint, feeUe Feint, a preten^ Fair, just Fare, provisions Flea, an insect Flee, to run fromdanger Foul, filthy Fowl, a bird Gilt, with gold Guilt, sin Grate, for coals \ Great, large ' ' Hart, a beast Heart, seat of life H^jr,of the head Hare, a beast Heal, to cure Heel, part of the foot Hear, to hearken Here, in this place Hew, to cut Hue, colour Hole, a cavity Whole, total Knew,, did know New, not worn Leak, to run out Leek, an herb Lead, metal ^ Led, did lead I^^s sen, to make leas IAb son, a precept Mean, low Mien, appearance Meat, food Meet, to assemble Mete', to measure Moan, to lament Mown, cut down Oar, to row with Ore, metal Fain, uneasiness Pane, square of gla» Wcfd$ nmmdci alike. 121 Fekf a couple Fare, to cut off Fear, a fruit Peace, quiet Piece, a part Peer, a nobleman Pier, a column PIai% eituation Plaice, a fish Fray, to beseech Prey, plunder Raise, to lift up Rays, sun-beams Raze, to demolish Rain, from the clouc Reign, to rule Rein, of a bridle Restyijepose Wrest^ to force Rye, com Wit, crooked Ri^t, just Rite,, a ceremony Wright, an artificer Write, to use a pen Sail, of a ship Sale, selling Scene, the stage Seen, beheld Sea, the ocean ' See, behold Seam, edges sewed Soem, to appear . Sow, to scatter seed Sew, to work with a ' neeciie "''^ Sleight,' dexjbe^y Slight, to deHpiste Sloe,. a fruit Slow, tardy Sole, of the foot Soul, spirit Soar, to fiy aloft Sore, an udcer j Some, a part Sum, the whole Son, a male child Sun, the cause of day Steal, to pilfer Steel, hardened iron Stile, a passage Style, language Straight, not crooked Stnu^ narrow S6c cour, help S6ck er, a twig ' Tail, the end Tale, a story Their, of them There, in that plac Too, likewise Two, a couplo Toe, of the foot Tow, of flax Vale, a valley - Veil, a cover m 122 Vain, worthless Vane, a weathercock Vein, a blood vessel Waist, of the body Waste, loss Words often confounded. Weak, not strong Week, seven days Yew, a tree You, yourselyes OUAPTER 10. tVords which are often improperly coi in spelling or pronunciation, or both. C6 le rj', a species of parsley. Sk la r\', stated hire. Con cert, harmony. C6n sort, companion. CoiLin cil, persons met in consultation* Co(in se], advice, direction. K m^rge, to rise, to mount from obscurity. Im m^rge, to put under water. £' mi nent, high, exalted. Im' mi nent, impending, at hand. G€ ni us, mental power, peculiar disposkioiu G^ nus, class containing many species. In ge ni ous, inventive, possessed of geniui* In g^ nu ous, candid, generous. To Lay, to place, to quiet. To Lie, to be in a reclining posture, to rest* Li CO rice, a root of sweet taste. Lick er ish, nice in the choice of food. Or' di nance, a law or rule. Ord' nance, cannon, groat guns* P6r se cute, to pursue with malice. Fr6 se cute, to continue, to sue at law. Prin ci pal, a head, a sum placed at interest Prin ci pie, first cause, fundamental tnilh. : . Words spelled alike. 116 lie, remainder. Re lict, a widow. PrI ce dent, a rule or example. Pr6 si dent, one at the head of others. St4 tue, an image. St& tute, a law. T^ nor, general course or drifl. T^ nure, the manner of holding estates. Track, mark left, a road. Tract, a country, a quantity of land. ohafSr 11. Words spelled alike, but which differ in pre* nunciation and meaning. / Conduct, management, behaviour. To Con d(ict, to lead, to direct A C6n test, a dispute, difference. - To Con t^st, to strive, to contend. Fr6 quent, oflen seen, often oocuning. To Fre q^ent, to visit oflen. A Mi nute, the sixtieth part of an hour. Minute, small, slender. An Ob'ject, that on which one is employed. To Ob j^ct, to oppose. A Subject, one who is governed. To Sub ject, to make submissive. A Fr6 sent, a gift, a donation. '-*^ To Pre stnt, to give, to show. % ^ A T6r ment, pain, misery. To Torment, to put to pain, to vex. A Tear, water from the eyes. To Tear, to pull in pieces. / : A Sow, a female hog. To Sow, to scatter seed in the ground. 124 Irregular Pronundaikm. A Bow, an instrument of war. To Bow, to bend the body in respect A Mow, a loft where hay or com is laid iip* To Mow, to cut with a sithe. A House, a place to live in. To House, to harbour, to Bhelter. Use, advantage, custom. To Use, to employ to any purpose. Close, shut fast, confined. To Close, to shut, to telf ^* Grease, the soft port oJTOie fat. To Grease, to smear vnih grease* An Ex ciise, an apology. To £x c6se, to admit an apology.* CHAPTER 12. Words in which the pronunciation diWsn i» markably from the Spelling. Aisle A' proot Beaux, Belle, BSn cult, Bo&t swain* Bfiry, B&sy, Bd SI ness, Cftt sup, C6clc snaio, C6 lo oel. Corps, C6 cum ber, Gdp board, Cri tlque, E cliit, Ewe, Oaol, Hiiir peony, Pronunciation. He A' pum. Boes. Bell. Bis kit. B6 sen. B«rre. Biz se. Biz ness. Cfitch up. Cdk sn. Cfir nel Core. C&w cum ber. C(ib burd. Crit te«k. £ clfcw. Yu. Jail. Hfc pea ne. Spelling. H&ir pence. Hafit boy. Hie cough, Housi rife, V ron, Lieu it osLOtt One, Once, Pfathl sic, Ragofit, 8ch( dule» Schism, Sehis ma tie, Seveu* night* Sub' tie. Two, Vfc tu als, Wai&f coat, W6 men. Yacht, Pronunciation H& peoee. H6boy. Hie cup. H6z zif. I' urn. Lev t€a taalL Wun. Wunce. Tic tie. Ragg6a 86djultt. Sizm. 61z mt tie S«onit Sfit tit. Too. Vlt t\x. W«S lEOt. Wimmflo. Yot. * The last five pair of trords, are distinguished by the «, IB tht fir«t irord being sharp ; and, in the second, iat, I1k9i Vulgar Errors. 12t GHAPTEK 13. Words which are Bile for Boil Pint for Point Pyzon for Poison Cheer for Chair Ketch for Catch Youra for Yours Hern for Hers Hizen for His Weal for Veal Rensli for Rinse Fift for Fifth Sixt for Sixth Gether for Gather Kittle for Kettle. Sithe for Sigh. Tower for Tour. often pronounced very erro- neously.* Sarcer for Saucer • DixonaryforDictionaiy Hair for Air Air for Hair Harrow for Arrow Arrow for Harrow Drownded for Drowned Natur for Nature Cretur for Creature Lunnun for London Winder for Window Sittiation for Situation Eddication for Educatiooi Cirkilation for Circulation Libary for Library Winegar for Vinegar CHAPTER 14. Words in which the terminations ar, er, or, out and re, have exactly ih.Q same sound, nz. that of ur.t Beg gar col lar ^Har nectar pil lar echo lar * Though the manner in which these words, and o^hen of a li milar nature, are frequently pronounced, is extremely erroMOUS* ?ret, as ynuog persons of education, as weii as others, are apt to mitate wnat thev hear, it is proper to guanj them against so eor^ rupt a pronuncialioo. T Though the words comprised in this chapter, are not numerous* they are perhqis sufficient to eXcite the learner's atteation, botk Ui the ortDogniiphy and the pronunciation of such worda. L 2 126 Terminations pounded alike' su gar vul gar ce dar dan ger gan der lodg er sing er sup per usn er ac tor debt or doctor A quor manor pastor rec tor armour can dour CO lour harbour ho nour ran cour ^plen dour centre lustre sceptre spec tre acre fibre Itr eye fri ar liar mor tar cham ber ci der grocer speak er stran ger wa for au thor ju ror mayor minor tai lor trai tor tu tor^ sue cour va lour vi gour la bour fa your • neighbour hu mour metre iDiea gre mitre nitre sa bre salt pe tre se pul chre Iditma imsappUa nr OBAPTER 15. Words in which the initial letters e and i ace oflen misapplied.* Embalm em bea zle em pc ver ish encamp en chant en close encroach en dite en dorse en force * engross enjoin enlist en roll en shrine ensure entail entreat im bit ter im body im bold en im bo som im brue imbue im plant im pri son increase in cum bei inflame in gen der ingraft inquire insnare intrust in twine in wrap • Th8M laltMft to tiM vordi of thli ch^ter, ara property ti f Sidt Mconling to I>r. JohMooii DIttiomrf t >» 128 Terms explained* INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBSEQUENT CnAPTERS. Thk learner has hitberto been occupied with the merd practical fart of spelling. It is proper now to present him with • few of the ^>imple rules and principles, by which the practice is i;oT0rned. They will lead liim to reflect, with advantage, on the TarToui pow- ers of the letters, and on the connexion and influence which suMllt amongst them * and as they are, in many instances, illustrated b^ a considerable number of examples, they will be ttie more ^otollu gible to young minds, and make a stronger impression! In a spelling- book, to omit rules for speMing; and in a bttdk which teaches pro- nunciation, to omit rules respecting the sounds of the letters ; might iuslly he deemed very culpable omissions. If these rules are not now, in some degree, inculcated, they will probably* in future^ be hastily passed over, if not entirely neglected. The scholar who has passed through tbe preceding parts of the honk, and been conversant with the nature and sounds of the let ters, must certainly, with the teacher's aid, be capable of under- stauding somf. of the most simple rules respect^ing them : especially as the Exercises in the Appendix now added to tne work, will ren- der these vule« not only easy, but impressive. We may further oUserve. that as th3 rules contained in these chapters, are intended to prepare the scholar for entering on the author's " Abridgment of his Engllab Grammar,*' this ^^ifcumstaoce forms an additional reaeoo for iocerting them in the latter part of tiie spelling-book. In studying this part of the work, it would be advisable, that the learner should, in the first instance.pay attention only to the rules ani observations expressed in the larger'type. This will give him a general Mea of the , bm carp, mark, start. But if r be douMed, to form another syllablet the a Is short : at, carry, marry, tarry. 2d, When it is followed by Im: as, calm, palm, psalm ; except qualm. 8d. W!ien it is followed by If, hey or by (h sharp: as, calf, half, salve; bath, lath, path: except hath, wrath. O has its middle sound in the following words : prove, move, do, ado, lose, and their compounds; and in who, whom, womb^ tomb, Rome, pol- fcron, ponton, &c. V has its middle sound in the following words^ Ixi bull, pull, full ; and in all their compounds as, bullock, fulfil, delightful, &c. M 134 Soufids of the LetUrs In pusS) push, bush, pullet, bushel, pulpit, |>ul lion, bu teller, cushion, cuckoo,^ pudding, sugari* huzza. • "^ Fourth, the broad sound of a, as in cUL , A has its broad sound in the followin^ncases. 1st. When it is followed by U: as, SU, call, fall, tall, small : except, mall, shall. 2d. When it is followed by one I and aaoiher consonant: as, salt, bald, false. If the I is followed by p, 6,/, or v, the a is not broad : u, dps, caii*. salve, fcc. 3d. When it foWo^Wf and precedes r: as, war, wart, swarm. 4ih. In words derived from monosyllablea ending hi II : as, albeit, almost, also. When I ends one syllable and begins the next, the « is notbro«d, aa alley, valley, tally. Fifth. Irregular sounds of the voweU, deviating from their sounds in the scale at pages 11,12. A sounds like e ^hort, in the following words : any, many, Thames, says, said. A sounds like i short, in many words ending in age, when the accent is not on it : as, cab- bage, village, cours^e. , E. E sounds like a long, in these words: there, where, ere. E sounds like middle a, in Uiese words: clerkf clerkship, serjeant. E sounds like i short, in these words : yes, pretty, England ; and in many final unaccontid syllables : as, faces, praises, linen, duel* ' Sounds of the Letters. 135 /'; sounds like short m, in her : and in ihe un 8( ccnted termination er: as, writer, reader, suf in'f garter. • ^ I. / sounds like e long, in many worda derived from foreign languages : as, antique ' routine magazine Brazil fatigue marine caprice < intrigue police c^liagrin invalid profile quarantine machine recitative / sounds like u short, when it comes before r followed by anotlier consonant : as, bird, dirt, thirst. / sounds like e short, in the following words; which are cxoep^ tions to the precediog rule : . birth gird girt sklH firm girl mirth whirl generally sounds like a broad, when it is followed byr." as, /nom ^hom adorn for ^ scorn thorn exhort formerly O sounds like short u, in many words : as, monk softie among comfort liionth ton brpther covenant sliove worm colour Somerset u. V sounds like short e, in these words : bury, burial, burier. U sounds like short t, in thesd words: buay, busily, business, busyoody. ij sounds Hke middle o, in these* words: crude rule brute prune spruce rnd-a Kuth prude truth truce I* m Sounds of ihs LetUn. m !»,|jiS' \ ' Sections. / General sounds of the principal diphtJioxigB. 01, ou, &c. Oi and oy have both itie vowels sounded * 9$^ boil, toil, soil ; boy, coy, toy. — ^The sound of these diphthongs is that of broad a and long e. Ou and ow have both the vov/els sounded: as, mouse, spout, trout; tk>w, vow, town.— The sound of these diphthongs, is that of btoad a and middle u. EXCEPTIONS. Ou is sometimes sounded like short u : as, rousb, tOttcb* eoiin|t» Sometimes like middle o : as, group, soup, suRout Sometimes like o long : as, court, mould, shoalder. Gn> is sometimes sounded like o long t at, blow, crow, snow AI, EI, &C. Aiy ayp ei, and ey are sounded like a in/aU : U^ pail day vein prey sail say eight they tail way weight obey EXCEPTIONS. jr Ai is sometimes sounded like « short : u, plaid, raillery. Sometimes like e short ■ »«, said, again, aijainst Somatimes like i short, as when it i** in a syUabltt not icetntid: as, fountain, captain, curtain. Ei sometimes sounds like long t : as, either, neither, ceilinf, d'^tf celt, receive- Sometimes like long i: as, height, sleight. Sometimes like short i, as when it is not accented; u, fiorelfl^ forfeit, surfeit. , . • £>, when unaccented, sounds like long c ; as, alley, barley valley. EA, EE, IE* ( Ea, ee^ and ie have the kng sound of e: ua^ bean beer chief cream feet grief please , steel believe Sounds of tJie Letters* W ftiionga. >W, 800 V prey they obey ottecARtaa: > ceiling, dtt* u* ftmifi^ ley* bultf e: as. ihief ;rief •elieye #• EXCEPTIONS. Ka is Trequently sounded like stiort e : as, bread, dead, WMfL h'oinetimes like middle a : as, heart, heartb, hearken •»'<,• Et l9 Bounded like short i, in the word breeches, /e, is sometimes sounded like long i : us, die, lie, pie. OA^OE. Oa and oe have the long sound of o .- as^ boat, coat, loaf $ doC; foe, toe. EXCEPTIONS. Ot sounda like middle o, in shoe, and canoe-, and like ilwrt ■ ia does. EUy &C. Euf €Wf and ue haye the long sound of u: aS| feud, deuce; dew, new, few; clue, blue, hue. ^^ - EXCEPTIONS. 'Ew ia sounded like long e, in the word sew. En, when preceded by r, sounds like middle o ; as, brew, crew,, drew. Ve is eometimeir'aounded like short « : as, guess, guesser, guest. After r, it has the sound of middle o : as, rue, true, imbrue. AU, AW Au and aw are sounded like a broad : as, Paul, taught, caught; law, bawl, crawl. EXCEPTIONS. Jn^ when followed by n and anntherconsonant, has the tound of middle a . as, aunt, haunt, launch. In laugh and draught, it also sounds like middle a. In cadiflower, laurel, and laudanum, it sounds lija short •. And in guage, like long 0. 00. Oo has the sound of middle o : as, food, soon, moon. EXCEPTIONS. Op, before k, sounds like middle u : as, book, cook, look, and in the following words.* foot good wool withstoed h<^d wood stood understood ■'/ti "4*9 the note at page 24. M2 y ' 1«8 S(Hmds of ibe L^ters^ Section 3. Sounds of the consonants. C is sounded hard, like k^ before a, o, and ii i as; card^ cord, curd. C is sounded soil, like «| before e, i, and^y .* as, cedar, city, Cyprus. C sounds like 2, in suffice, discern, sacrifice. C has the sound of sA, in ocean, special, de- licious, &c. ». D frequently sounds like ty in the abbreviated termination ed: as, stufifed, rasped, cracked, hissed, touched, ^ced, mixed $ pronounced, stuft, raspt, crackt, &c. D soundis like j, in soldier, grandeur, verdure educjation. G is sounded hard before a, 0, ti, 2, and r: as, game, gone, g^ill, glory, grandeur. G is sounded soft, before e, i, and y: as, gel- ly> gipsy> elegy •• except in get, giddy, foggy 5 and. some others. Q. ' • Q has the sound of A:, and is always accompa- nied by M, which generally sounds like w: as^ quack, quality; iS has a sharp hissing sound at the begkming of words : ajs, so, sell, sun. It has the sharp sound aft^r /, kp p, t: 9jb$ muffi, socks, lips, mats. , e>ounds of the Letters. 1219 S has a flat buzzing sound like z^ after b, d, g hardy or v : as, ribs, heads, rags, doves. It is pronounced like z, in as, is, his, was, thesif those ; and in all plurals when the singulars end in a vowel : as, commas, shoes, ways, news. - S sometimes sounds like sh: as, sure, sugar, expulsion, dimension, reversion. iS has also the sound o^zh : as, pleasure, eva- eion, confusion. T. T has three sounds : 1st. that which is heard in tatter, tittle : 5d. the sound o£tch : as, nature, fortune, virtue : 3d, the sound oish : as, nation, formation. ♦ '. X. ■ X hasfl. gliarp sound, like ks, when it ends a syllable with the accent on it : as, exercise, ex- cellence. It is also sounded sharp when the accent is on the next syllable beginning with a consonant: as, excuse, expense. X has its flat sound like gz, when the accent is not on it, and the following accented syllable begins with a vowel : as, exert, exist, example. X at Uie beguning of wo|^ds, haB the aound of «.• as, Xerxes, Xenophon. F, as a consonant^ has always the same sound* A3 a vowel, it has different sounds When it follows a consc?iant, and ends a word or syllable, it is pronounced like i long, if the acoent is sm it: as, deny : but like e long, if the acoent ii not on it: as, folly. 140 Silent Letters* CII. : CH has three sounds. The first like tch : as, child, chair, rich. - The second like sA, after iorn; as, filch, bench, and in words firom the French: as, chaise, machine. The tliird like k: as, echo, scholar, stomach. GH. GH is fi^equenUy pronounced like/; as, laugh| cough, enough. iPH. PH is generally pronounced like/.* as, phan- tom, physic, philosophy. It sounds like v, in nephew and Stephen. The remaining consonants have the sounds, expressed in the table of the elementary sounds at page 12. CHAFTER 18. The silent letters, with rules denoting them. Section 1. Silent vowels. E. ' When the verbal termination ed is not pre- ceded by d or t, ih% e is almost miiversally si- lent: as,, loved, filled, barred, bribed, saved, nailed: which are pronounced as if written, lovd, fiUd, band, &c. When d ott precedes edy the e is fully jpro- nounced : as, added, divided, commanded ; wait- ed, diverted, translated. Adjectives ending in ed retain the aound or e : as, learned, bless- ed* aged, naked, >viclced, icabt/ed, croolced, forlted wretched, crab* iMd. rasged, rugged. "^ Silent Letters* 141 When t sylUU* is added to words which drop the e, the «l« it thoM words, has its full and distinct sound : as, reserved, reserved* ly.reservedness; feigned, f is silent in handsome, handsel, groundsel. G, before w, in the same syllable, is silent : as, ^nat, gnaw, design, foreign. On, at the end of an accetited syllable* gives the preceding TOwet a looK sound; hs, condign, oppugn. Gh is generally silent at the end of a word or syllable, or when followed by t : as, Although brightly delightful Gh leogtbeos the preceding vo^vel. H. H is silont at the beginning of the followisg words, and their derivatives ; but in every other w^rd it is sounded. iSUent Letters. Heir hour honour herb honei^t hostler 143 humble humour H it alivays ailent after r : as, rji ^^.bt rhetoric, rheumatism. If final, precedeu br a vowel, iu always silent : as, ah ! oh ! Han Babt hallelujah, Messiah. K. K is alwaya silent before n, in the same s^ labia : as, knit, knuckle, knowledge. Ckt at the end of words and syllables, sounds like k only ; a&d tbt preceding vowel is shoi-t : as, btock, packet, pocket Ly between a and kin the same syllable, is silent : as, balk, chalk, stalk. Ly between a and m in the same syllable^ ia also silent : as, alms, balm, psalm< I, ia also silent Utihe following words; calf, hilve, could, would, •bouldi fal60D» chaldron, salmon, malmsey N. . N, preceded by my is silent, when it ends a syllable: as. Hymn solemn « column autumn condemn contemn p. P between m and t in the middle of words, or in a final syllable, is silent : as, empty, redemp* tion; atten^pt, contempt, exempt. P is also silent in psalm, psalmist, psalter, pshaw, receipt, rasp- berry, stmps^Tess. "s. " S k silent in isle, island, aisle, viscount T. ^T is silent when preceded by s, and followed by the abbreviated tennina.tions en and U : as; I! Gi J 144 Rules for Spelling, Hasten ' thistle castle listen epistle bristle moisten apostle bustle T is also silent in the foUowing words ; Often Chrisrn^aa mortgage soften cbtistnuc bnnkruptcy cuirant bosUcr mistletoe W is always silent before r; as wren, wrestle^ wiinkle. Il is also silent before h followed by long or middle o: dm, whole, wKo,^whose, CHAPTER 19. Rules for Spelling- Section 1. Rules for the division of syllables. Rule i. — A single consonant between two ^wels, must be joined to the latter syllable : as, behave, desire, remain; paper, duty, city; acid, magic, tacit; awake, heavy, season; ge ne ral, mi se ry, ca pa ci ty. Exceptions. The letter c is alvays joined to the first syllable; as, exalt, ex ist, lax u ry.* Some derivative words are aleo exceptions ; a» up on, ud e ren, disuse, prisrner. Sic. Rule n. — Two consonants, proper to begin a syllable,! must not be separated, if the preceding vowel is long : as, ta ble, de clare, o blige, nee die. If the preceding syllable is short, the conso- nants must be separated : as, cus tard, pub lie, gosling. • , * As w or y, at tbe end of a syllable, is a vowel, it forma no ex- jOMtioi to the first rule ; as, tow el, roy al. p T The toosonants which are proper to begin a Byllable* msy h9 •MB In the leetivu ef syllables at pvgen 15, IS. Rules fur tSpe/lin^, 145 Exceptions. A few wordHi in which the consonants are preceded liy a short, nusi Fie excepted; as, afraid, agree, pa trul, patrimooy, pre Btt ble, mi ra cie, be. Rule in. — If the two consonants cannot be- g^n a syllable, they must be separated : as, up- per, bios som, cot tage ^ un der, chim ney, mon key. Rule iv. — ^When three consonants meet in the middle of a word, they are not to be sepa- itited, ii^they can begin a syllable, and the pre- ceding vowel is long : as, de stroy, re strain, de scribe. If the preceding syllable is short, the conso- nants must be separated : as, dis creet, dis tract, distrain. Rule v.— When three or four consonants, not proper to begin a syllable, meet between two vowels, such of them, as can begin a syllable, belong to the latter, the rest to ihe former syl- lable; as, ap ply, im prove, in struct, butcher, slaugh ter, hand some ; trans gress, T>06t script^ parchment' Rule vi. — Two consonants which form but one Bound, are never separated : as, e cho, fa^ ther, pro phet, an chor^ bi shop* They are to bo Oooudered as a single letter. Rule vn.— Two vowels, not being a dipb- thenar, must be separated into syllables : as, po- et, VI al, fu el, so ci e ty. A diphthong immediately preceding a vowel^ Is to be separated from it: as, roy al, pow er, AU the preeedins rules refer to primkiye words eiAsliMreffal opfemttng upDD th-stti only. N and are to Thus, but Cher, »Tii 146 Rules for JSpellin^. 1f' ,#■ ;t ti'jf (•r, laugh ter, pro pliet, urc properly dividfld aRf rinaitiven, whiJil Morch es, poach or, laugh ev, pri kuii cr, hav« a res liar diviaion, •a derivativea. Rule viii. — In derivative words, the addition- al syllables are separated : as sweet er, sweet est, sweet ly ; learn ed, learn eth, learn ing; dis- like, mis lead, un e ven ; call ed, roll er, dress- ing ; gold en, bolt ed ; bo liev er, pleas ing. Exceptions. When the deriTative word doubles the single letter of the priml- tire, one pf those letters is joined to the termination : m, beg, begitar; fat, fatter; bid, bidding. When the additional syllable is orereded by c or g soft, the e or {: is added to that syllabin : as, of len ces, cot ta ges, pro noun cer, a dul ging ; ra cer, fa cing, spi ced ; wa ger, ra giug, pla ced ; rftnger, changing, cliang ed. When the preceding single vowel is long, the consonant, if sin- ele, is Joined to the termination : as, ba leer, ba liing ; ho ping, bro ken, po lier, bo ny, wri ter, sla vish, mu sed, sa ved. The termination ,y, is not to be placed alone : as, san dy, gras sy ; dlr ty, dus ty ; mos sy, fros ty ; hca dy, woo dy : ex cept dough y, snow y, string y, and a few other words. But even in these excep- tions, it would be proper tc avoid beginning a line with the termi' tioof Rule ix.^ — Compounded words must be divi- ded by the simple words which form them : as, black bird, sea horse, hot house, York shire. The preceding rules are conformable to the best authorities for tbe division of syllables. They are definite, and easily applied to every word. 8ome writers, however, have deviated from the first rule, with a view to assist pronunciation. But the princiule of as- sociating letters, according to the pronunciation, may, doubtless, be too far extended. Of this opinion are Mares, Walker, and many other writers. Such a division, besides being contrary to long es- tablished practice, would give in a great nwnber of words a most uncouth, and perplrxing appearance. Thiis may be seen in a few instances; cit y, ver y, moa ey, ac ute, ac id, magic, arise, av- oid, am ong, heav y , trtnib le, cod le, par as ol, aq uat ic, ap ol o- gy, academy. 1 lie first rule, as it stands in this section, presents the words ii neat and regular divisions : and in so far from being affected by aa ever varying pronuaciattoo, ttiat it has some tendency to check thai TariatiOD. Rule x. — ^The letters, or terminations, io^ UoTh ti^} ti(ms^ scious^ mieme) &a are to be d^ ve% whiJal ir division, iddition- ireet est, ng; dis- r, dress- ing. ' the prlml- M, beg, >rt, the e or o ooun cer, ;, pla ced ; ant, if Bin- g: hoping, ved. Uy, grassy; ept dough y, hese excep- itbe termi- , be divi- lem : as, shire. horities for y applied to rom the first iciule of as- oubtless, be ', and many r to long es- rords a most BD iu a few :, ar ise, av- : ic, ap ol o* he words Li fected by aa cbecii tlm >ns, tofn tobetfi Rules for Spelling, 147 f lided into two syllables : as, pil U on, ac ti on, par ti al, cau ti ous, pro ci ous, con sci ence. The author's reasons in support of thi tenth rule, are the follow* ing. 1. The rapid nronunciation of two syllables, so as to resemble the Round of one syllable, does not in fact make them one. The wordi business, colonel, victuals, aa^iamed, believed, he. are proneunced as two syllables, though they arc really three. a. The division adopted romlerH thH gradations 'n spelling a word, more simple, and much cnsiur to the learner, than combining the letters, if spelling is mi;.'lu practicable and easy to children, by di- viding words into syllables, it follows, that the more this divtaicn can be conveniently extended, the better is it calculated to answer the end. 3. The old plan of dividing these letters, or terminations, is uni- form and inrariable ; the new plan, of not dividing them, ii liable to numerous exception? and freiiuent variations. 4. Combining or separating syllubtes according to the pronunclQi- iion, would present still more irregular and uncouth appearances* than the association of letters, vowels, and consonants, to suit tin pronunciation- The following are a few specimens : on ion, o ceuh ven geance, pon lard, court ier, scutch eon, bril llant ly, par M* 3ous ly, nunc til io, ius ti ciar y. 5. If tho combii!atIous of letters pronounced as one syllable* Trere to have a correspondent arrangement, we should have an ex- tremely difflculi, as waII as an extremelv irregular mode of dWid- ing our words into syllables. How would the advocates for dividing «aceording to the pronunciation, divide the words business, colonel^ victuals, sevennight, double, triple, moved, stuffed, devoured, a- buscd, and many others of a similar nature ? A rule which, at bestj Ss so inconvenient, and which, in many instances, cannot be reduced to practice, certaiuly dor'< not merit adoption. 6. The best authorities', as well as a great minority of them, nray 1)9 adduced in support of ^his division. Walker, in the last edition of his dictionary, sa\ v hough tion and sion are really pronoun- •ced io one syllablf. thc% are, by almost all our Ortnoepists, divided into two; and cua<«viijti«-r)tly, nation, pronunciation, occasion, evar eion, be. contain the same number of syllables, as, natio, pronunci*) 4ttio, occasio, eviK^io. in Latin." On the wliol«, we think that tho old plan, whilst it possesses s». much superiority , is liable to no inconvenience. Rven pronuncia-* tion is as readily acquired by it, as by the new plan. The learner cannot know that Hon sounds like tAim, tial like shal, tcienee lik^ *hente, lie. till his teacher directs him to this pronunriation ; and the same direction will teach him that H on, ti m, sci ence, &c. have the same sounds. Much tbereCore is U}% and nothing gained, bj theneirdlviMoD. 14S Rules for Spelling, Section 2. Rules respecting the double consonantsy in pri- mitive words, RuLEf I. — Monosyllables ending with/, /, or y, preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant: as, muff, hill, puss. , Exceptions. If as has yes his ua of ii gas this WIS thus RuLfi II. — Monosyllables ending with any con- sonant but /, I, or », preceded by a single vow- el, never double the final consonant : as, fib, mud, rug, sun, cur, nut. Exceptions. ebb odd inn err bittt add egg buna purr buaz Rule m. — ^A consonant preceded l^ a diplv thong, or a long vowel, is never doubled : as, ready couple laurel wafer steady double fiourish poker Rule iv — ^Primitive words of more than one ayllable, never end with double I: as, Dial fiannel gambol annul frugal pupil symbol mogul Rule v. — ^V, x, and k, are never doubled.* C ia used before ic, when a single vowel precedes : as, back, oce'r pocket, knuckle. At the end of words of two or more syllables the k is omitted by most writers : as, mimic, public, almanac. Rule vx.— In dissyllables, the consonant is ooubled, when it is preceded by a short vowel, and followed by the termination le : as, bubble^i saddle, apple, kettle, Codle, frizle, treble, triple, are frequently given as exceptfoni . ^ c it would be better if they were comprehended ia the rule. ' V * The third and fifth rules apply also to derivative words. i V V t 1 t •Ss m pn- ffkOTS, he final ua thus any coiv- ifl© vow- as, fib, itt a dtplv Ki: as, afer >ker hanone nnul logul bled.* back, nec'f e syllables nanac. )nant is t vowel, bubble^ Kceptioni . s rulo, ' )r(]8. Rules for Spelli'og. 149 Rule vn. — ^In dissyllables ending in y, or eg the preceding consonant is always double^ when it follows a short vowel: as, folly, sony valley. . Exceptions. In y { body any copy busy study many very * city lily In ey ; honey cony money bury pity Rule vm. — ^In words ending wifh er, et, o\s5 the preceding consonant is always doubled, when it follows a short vowel: as, flatter, linnet) tallow. * Exceptions. Iner; primer, proper, choler, soder, leper, consider laet; claret closet comet cadet planet spinet tenet valet aJpliabet I now {shadow widow <> Rule ix. — ^In words ending with ic, id, it, ish, ity, the preceding consonant is never doubled; as, frolic, solid, habit, astonish, quality. Exceptions. In ic; attic, traflSc, tyrannic. In id; horrid, torrid, pallid, flaccid. In it ; rabbit, summit, commit. In ish; skittish, embellish. In ity; necessity. Rule x. — ^In words beginning with ac, af, ef, of, the consonant, followed by a vowel, is al» ways doubled : as, accord, afford, effect, office. Exceptions. In ac; acute, acumen, acid, academy, acantbUB» acerbity. Inaf; afore, afar. Rule xi. — ^In words beginning with an, eeo sensible of this, though he has not paid all the attention to it that is desirable. Many of the inconsistencies, or rather contradictions, with respect to derivative words, that occur in his excellent dictionary, arose, probably, from mere inadvertence in himself or his printer. Thus, irr6concild)le, immovable, immovably, are spelled according to the general rule : [Rule 2; J whilst irreconcileable, moveable, and moveably, are contrary to It. Fertileness and chastely, conform to the general rule; [Kule 3;] fertily and cbastness, deviate from it. Fliness is •ecordmg to the general rule ; [Rule 4:] slyly is contrary to it. Fearlessly, and needlessness, are agreeable to the general rule} needlesly, and fearlesness, vary from it. In stating the following rules for spelling derivative words, we have not followed these irre* gularities. No exceptions are remarked, but those which are sup- ported by long and established custom; or which, from the nature and construction of the language, are absolutely necessary. Rule k — The plural number of nouns is form- ed by adding s to the singular : as, pea, peas ; table, tables ; window, windoi\rs ; muff, muffs ^ face, faces.* Exceptions. Excep. 1. Nouns ending in x, ss, sb, and ch soft, form the plural number, by the addition of es ; as, Tax taxes fish fishes ass asses watch watches £xcep. 2. NouDS ending in o fonn the plural, by adding ef ; as Cargo catfofli buffalo buflbloea eebo echoes potato potatoes hero heroes volcano volcanoes . • la words, in which e mute is preceded by the letter c, g, s, or< S, the plural number has a syllable more than Ihc singular : as, lace» laces; cage, cages; praise, praises; prize rizes. ' 91 RuUs for Spelling, Those words in which i precedes o, follow the general rule, by adding f only, to form the plural; aa, nuncio, nuucios; ]|)unttilio, puocxillosi seraglio, seraglios. Ezcep. 3. Noans ending in y preceded by a consonaDt, form thtt plural, by changing y into its : as, Fly fties lady ladies city cities berry berries Nouns ending in y, preceded by a vowel, follow the general rule» by adding s only, to form the Qlural : as, ( Boy boys delay delays key keys attorney attorneys Excep. 4. The following nouns ending in /, oTjTe, form the plu- ral number by changing those terminations mto ves ; as, Calf calves self selves elf elves sheaf sheaves half halves shelf shelves knife knives thief thieves leaf leaves . wife wives life lives uroif wolves loaf loaves A'll other words, ending in/, or/e, follow the gener^tl rule Excep "^ Tbe plural number of the following nouns, is very irregula. ' ' i ned. A^itt men mouse mice Wiiiwaj women louse lice child children tooth teeth goose geese foot feet ox oxen penny pence Rule n.— Wherr-a word ending in e mute, has a termination added to it, which begins with a vowel, the e mute is dropped ; as, "Wise noble stone wliite pale blame wiser noblest stony whiten palish blamable desire contrive arrive manage place divide desirous contrivance arrival manager placing divided Exceptions. Words ending in cr or ge, having ou$ or able added to them, re- tain the e mute, to preserve the soft sound of od Igmeat neat ment Dtat t , when the Bntle, gent- ded to a ant, the npliance tiiiable >pily ried kttheimay e the 3f into nm but one sny, denies. .ccented gle con- ble that able be [mit^ad nnish 3bing dnning ?)iddiiw Exceptions. When the additional syllable alters the original accent, the coa- Fonant is not doubled : as, confer, <;oaferenue, deference, iofereiiee^ reference, preference, preferable. Words ending in /, preceded by a single vowel, having teraint- tions added to them, beginning with a vowel, generally double tba ', whether the last syllable is accented or not accented : as, travel traveller travelled traveliiog distil distiller distilled distilling Tiut in words with the terminations ous, ire, Ut, and ify, the / is tM)t doubled: as, scandalous, moralize, loyalistt worality; except in the following instances; libellous, marvellous, duellist, traaqufl- lity. In woolly and woollen, the /, though preceded by a dipbthoog* is doubled. Rule VI.-— Words ending in double conso- nantsy retain both letiers, when any termina- tion is added : as, Odd oddest oddly oddness stiff stiflfest stiffly stiffness roll roller rolled rolling possess possessor possessed possessing Exception. Words ending with double I drop one of those letters, when a terminationisaddedthat begins with a consonant; as, dull, dully* dulness ; full, fuUy, fulness ; will, wilful. , The words illness, shrillness, and stillness, retain the double f, agreeably to the general rule. Rule vii. — Compound words are spelled in the same mannar as the simple words of which they are formed : as, household, horseman, fore- noon, wherein, skylight, glasshouse, telltale^ snowball, molehill. Exceptions, wherever " Christmas roartinmas candlemas lammas michaelmas Words that end with double I frequently omit oioe /, when they form parts of compound words ; as, Also although already ful01 almost always • chilblain welfhre In the present state of English orthography, it would be very difHeult, if not impossible, tu give precise directions respecting the single or double f, in compound words.* The same difficulty * It is proper to ebeerve, that the termination yVtZ, in derivative words, IB now always spelled 7. 1th a single /. See page 131. 154 Rules for iSpellin^ S' Mevaib with regard to words having the iaitiala, re, tm, mil, Icc.-^ uoifonnity in tbia point is much to be desired, though it ean searcelv be expected. If the author were to hazard an opinion on the subject, it would be, that all compounds, except the preceding incorrigible words under the head exceptions, should be spelled with the double I : o^speciallv words in hill, mill, and these in which the I is precede i ^y a broad. In most instances, the sense, or the soundi or-botb; lear to justify this rule ; and the remainder might be defended ol a principles of etvmology and analogy. The op- posite tfeheme, of making the f afngle in compounds, would. In many cases, be highly improper: and theie are no principles which would direct and warrant a middle course. This opinioa dwives support from Walker, author of the very Judicious amt aighly uBeAu Critical Pronoundiq; Dictiocarj. E tc c g g f 1 ^Ut Ice.-* ih it can ^pinion on precedii^ B spelled in which . or the Ider might J Theop- Iwouid, in [)rineiple8 Is opinion AlTEm)IX. Exercises on various parts of the Spelling-book.* ' CHAPTER I. Exercises on Part L Exercises on the first and second chapters. Show the vowels in the words, if^ ox, us, cat^ hen, pi^, dog, sun, egg, ink, and. ohow the vowels in hand, tell, give, live, tongs, brush, crust. Show the diphthongs in head, said, guess, iriend, been, flood, young. Show the consonants in skip, song, pluni; grass, spell, thread, build. Mention regularly the vowels, diphthongs, and consonants, in the following words : have, silk, gone, dead, touch, snuff, blood, breath, smell, guilt. Exercises on the second and third chapters. Show the long and the short vowels in the following words : cake, she, hat, set, kind, home,^ pin, hop, mule, pure, cut, nut, grape, sand,here| nest, mice, fish, cold, pond, fume, dust Show the long and the short diphthongs in the following words : hail, day, head, clean, tree, tread, pie, buy, flood, road, snow, earth, leans^ hue, few. Exercises on the fourth and fifth chapters. Show the middle and the broad vowels an^ diphthongs in the following words : star, heart * The learner is to be exercised in each chapter, as soon as m lu ISUMtl through the part of the spelUtes-booK to vhlth it rtia:eB -m lo6 Appendix, bally straw, mouse, gooee, owl, rook, lark, daw? impute, &iely, tallow, sincer^y, oversee, violate. Show the mkjkfle vowels and diphthong, in the syUaUes of these vi^rds : barter, largely, hearttess, reproof, discharge, untrue, gardening, fidthlidneM, fool^. Show the broad vowels and diphthongs iti the STUableB of these words: falter, deiraud, auburn, abound wanted, m, de- I, con- llowlng pervert, laining. "ds: re- 'V^riee, n^f In argelyf I ill the Album, roimd- token, [e> fie- Appendix. 157 In the following words, point out those which are pronounced as one syllable, and those which are pronounced as two syllables : hoped, \\raited, bribed, played, wounded, basted, mourned, preached, toasted, stamped, smoked, heated, bended. In the following words, mention regularly the accented syllables, the long and short syllables, the middle and broad vowels and diphthongs, and the silent vowels : stammer, offend, prattle, choked, mended, undone, export, retort, fairly, amount, afar, impart, proved, forsaken, fortitude, misinform, scenery, disconcert, exalted. CHAPTER 3. Exercises on the Rules for Spellings in Part IIL Chapter 19. Section 1. Oo t.he rules for dividing syllables. Divide the following words into syllables, ac^ cording to the rules at page 144. Rule 1. Prefer, obey, reward, amuse, away« reason, linen, wagon, manage imagine, ability. Exact, examine, vixr^n ^a^roner '*•■ Rule 2. Able, eagle, scruple, degree, refie^t secret, bestow, respect, despise, descend. Po» ture, mustard, custom,, distance, dismal, basket^ muslin, hospital. Abroad, ascend, astonish. Rule 3. Summer, coffee, danger, certain, carpenter, advantage, entertain* ^ * The erercises in tlic smaller type, correspmid to the excq^ tions in the s:»nie type umter tffp lines. Ii)8 ippmdix* • ' Rule 4. Pasirj, restraint, descry, esqulrj^.-"* Display, distress, ostrich, industry. Rule 6. Empty, hackney, chestnut, laughter, huckster, landscape, neighbour. Rule 6. Feather, nephew, machine, orphan^ meclianic, architect, arithmetic. Rule 7. Real, riot, quiet, cruel, giant, idei^, violent, gradual, punctual, industrious, mayor, flower, coward, shower, voyage. Rule 8. Reader, teacher, mended, consider, Duilder, walker, coming, blessing, rolling, mi^ vake, displease, mocker, tenderest. Robber, running, fatted, forbidden. Sentences, convinced, mincing, prtncer, pacer, onuise8,ebir{07f t ranger, rvncipg, partridges. Smoker, rider, taking, shaven, wiped, bored, slavish, bruth'i^ ••lipid, fluptosed, surprined. Airy, mury, steady, sooty, mwiby, glossy, wiody, misty* rtlny, mtery. Rule 9. Almshouse, windmill, hartshom> landlord, tradesman, posthorse, footstool. Rule 10. Devotion, possession, contentious^ delicious, confidential, brasier, coshiony ancient^ soldiecy surgeon, patiently. Section 2. Oa tbe nilet respecting the double contMuCi, in prImMf* words. * Write or spell the following words accordii^ to the rules at page 148.* Rule 1. Staff, stuff, puff, quill, till, fill, guesB| bliss, moss, snuft^ call, pass. Rule 2. Dot, jug, man, fur, rib, pod, hum, pan. Add, odd, buzz, bunn, inn, egg. , *** The teacher is to pronounce these words, without the lemcrls - ^U4 them at the time they are proposed for his ex«rcisfei Ira.— fhter, myov, fsider, ini»> brutii't^ jTf rtlny, tcient;^ Mm BoLis d. Proofi chief, meal, feet, school, boat^ taourUh, trouble, courage, meadow. Rule 4. Canal, excel, distil, control, dispei^ ^imal, daffodil, cathedral, parasol. Rule 6. Clever, savage, proverb, exert, exis* Cloak, frnekle, colic, cambric, hook. Rule 6. Pebble, scuffle, smuggle, bottle, daz^ zle. Rule 7. Penny, pretty, bonny, alley, volley. Body, lily, money, hooey, city, pity. Rule 8. Ladder, hammer, garret, tippet, fbl« low. Proper, cloeet, sbadotr, spinet, consider. Rule 9. Finish, mimic, timid, profit, vanity. Attic, horrid, rabbit, skittish, necessity. ''' Rule 10. Accent, affect, efface, offend, offer. Acute, acid, afar. Rule 11. Amaze, catechism, elephant, epj« Cure, moc'-rate, paralytic, paradox. Cattle, parrot, ammunition. Section 3. On the rules respecting derivative words, at page 150. Rule 1. Write or spell the plural of the fbl* lowing nouns : sea, palace, college, eagle, bear, pound, shop, crab, dog, doll, sheriff, monarch. t. Box, bass, dish, coach, sash, cross. 2. Negro, portico, mango, wo, torpedo. 3. Body, ruby, fancy, ii^ury, apothecary. Valley, monktj, Jof » play,journey. 4. Wife, leaf, self, knife, wolf, half. 9. Ox, penny, child, tooth, mouse, woman. Rule 2. Join ed and ing, in a proper manner, {o the following words : rade, hate, waste* de> rite, value^ lod^, rejoice, believes. i: 160 ^ Appendix* Rule 3. Join ness and ly, to the following words : late, like, rude, vile, fierce, polite. Rule 4. Join es, eth, and ed^ to the following words : try, deny, envy, reply, signify. Join iitf to the following worJa : fly, apply, deny, study, carry» empty. Rule 5. Join ed and ing to the following words : wrap, plat, rub, prefer, regret, abhor. Ravel, excel, equal, compel, quiirrel. Rule 6. Join er, ed^ and ing^ to the following words : dress, stroll, scoff, spell, kiss. Rule 7. Write or spell the following words : skylark, busybody, foretell, windmill, downhill, uphill^ wellwisher, farewell, holyday. Section 4. ... Promiscuous exercises on the rules and exceptions respecting de* rivative woi-ds. Write or spell the plurals of the following nouns : umbrella, hero, army, history, dairy life, sheaf, hoof, mouse, turkey. Join ed and ing to the following words : changCj inquire, enclose, move, continue, trifle, owe, die^ disagree, hurry, fry, obey, employ, vex, sin, commit, visit, benefit, enter, inter, differ, defer^ gallop, gossip, mention, quiet, quit, stuff, fill. Join able to the following words : blame, va* lue, desire, agree, charge, service, manage, va- ry, justify, reason, excuse. Join er to the following words : strange, free, oversee, write, inquire, saddle, cottage, die, cry> buy, visit, wagon, drum, begin, abhor, often) mill, jewel, commission. Join al to the following words : rcfUse, re* move, bury, deny, acquit, addition. < c 1 )wing lowing jy, carry, lowing Ibhor. [lowing words : wnhill, )ecting de* •llowing I dairy changCi we, die, sx, sin, r, defer, r, fill, tne, va* ige, va- e, free, lie, cry^ I often) ise, r^ Appendix,^ 151 Join ly to the following words: complete, ' sole, whole, true, blue, servile, able, genteel. Join ly and ness to ihe following words: idltjff open, dim, sly. busy, cool, slothful, dull, stii^ cross, useless, harmless. Join ful to the following words : plenty, fan- cy, duty, skill, success. Join y to the following words : shade,* ease, mud, sun, juice, noise, star, oil, meal. Join en to the following wordn : forgive, risq forgot, glad, wood, wool, deaf, stiff. Join ish to the following words : late, rogue, hog, sot, prude, fop. Join ance to the following words : ally, assure, vanr, continue, remit, forbear. «foin ment to the following words : amuse, al- lot, judge, prefer, acknowledge. Join 0118 to the following words : virtue, me- lody, poison, libel, vary. To give variety to the exercises in spelling, and to prevent a dry and formal manner of per- forming this business, the learner should be frequently directed to spell, without see: i?j: ihe wonls, the little sentences contained in the ap- propriate reading lessons, throughout the book. As these sentences are short, and contain no words that are not in the previous columns, thei will probably form some of the most easy an] agreeable spelling lessons, off the book, whi< the teacher can propose to his pupil. tl *# ^M k % I Appendix* When ihHeaiiferB have perf^rfn^ll th6 «xe):« ies oiiy^ rules for epeUingy they will, it is pre* ixied^Be prepared for entering, with advantage^ 5a the stuay of the author's " Ahri