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i ■ " ■ ' ' '

• ^

SHORT STATE

; O F T H E A ^ i

Countries and Trade

North AMERICA.

Claimed by the Hudjbn'i Bay Company,

Under Pretence of a Charter for Ever, of Lands
without Bounds or Limits, and an exchifive Trade
to thofe unbounded Seas and Countries ;

> SHEWING

The Illegality of the faid Grant, and the Abufe
they have made of it •, and the great Benefit Britain
may obtain by fettling thofe Countries, and extend^
ing the Trade amongft the Natives by civilizing and
incorporating with them, and laying a Foundation
for their becoming Chriftians and induftrious Sub-
jedls of Great-Britain ; and the Neceflity there is of
y a Parliamentary Enquiry into the pretended Rights
and exclufive Monopoly claimed by the faid Com-
pany, and their Abufe of the Grant. That thofe
Countries may be fettled, either by fixing a Com-
pany under proper Regulations and Reftridionj, or
by laying open the Trade to all the Britijh Merchants,
and fettling them, at the PubHck Expence, or by a
moderate Tax upon that Trade.

LONDON:
Printed for J. Robinfon in Ludgate-Jireet.

M,DCC,XL1X.

F'^6tf.7.:3 6'

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4 i

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A-

SHORT STATE

O F T H E

Countries and Trade

North Am ER I c a.

' T is obvious, at firft View, that the
Northern American Continent is more
extenfive, and far exceeds the whole
Continent of Europe ; as it extends from
the Northward of the Polar Circle, to
8° of Northern Latitude, and Europe is bounded by
the 35''th of North Latitude ; and in Breadth, from
Newfoundland to California^ is above 70" of Lon-
gitude. It is alfo obvious, that the Spanifh, French^
and Britifh Colonies, do not occupy the third Part
of that Continent. But the Hudfon*s Bay Company,
by their unlimited Grant, pretend to all the Re-
mainder of it, much greater than the Half of Eu-
rope, as they claim all the Countries and Seas be-
yond the Entrance of the Streights commonly caird

A 2 Hud-

181134

(4 )
HudforCs Streigbts •, and on the Eaft Coaft of Labra-
dor^ from Davis's Inlet in ^6^^ in whatfoever La-
titudes they lie, not pofTefled before the Grant by
any of his Majefly's Subje6ts, or any other Chri-
ftian Power.

This extenfive Country and Trade, they have,
under that pretended Right, and exorbitant Grant,
locked up from all his Majefty's other Britijh Sub-
jects, for about 80 Years ; and alfo all the Coun-
tries and Trade beyond it, tliat might have been
difcovered and improved during that Time, under
Pretence of their exclufive Grant of Trade, tho' an
illegal Monopoly, being without Aft of Parliament %
and the Navigation to thole Countries is confined to
three or four Ships, tho' capable of employing many
Hundreds -, and the whole Trade is engroffed into
the Hands of Nine or Ten Perfons, fcarcely known
by People in Trade, who are perpetual Directors,
or rather Diftators, having bought up near nine loths
of their pretended or imaginary Stock, never allow-
ing it to come to publick Sale ; and by that Means,
as each has a Vote for every 100/. he has in Stock,
the few others, who have any Shares in their Stock,
have no legal Right of infpefting into their Books,
or enquiring into their Management of the Trade •,
but muft tamely fubmit, and accept of whatever
Dividend is made to them, without having a Power
to call them to Account for their Conduft.

In order to prevent the i^ublick, or Merchants in
Britain^ from enquiring into the Trade of thofe
Countries, they conceal it as much as poflibie, and
confine their Tr;ide to a fmall Capital, their Exports
not exceeding 3,600/. annually, at a Medium ;
and to difcour.igtj others from enquiring into it, or
attempting to trade to, or navigate thefe Seas, they
fay and pretentl, that the Countries adjoining Hud-
fan's Bay are in io inhofpitable a Climate, and fo

exceflively

'M^i

( 5 )
excefllvely cold, that no Perfons can be induced to
inhabit it ; that no Kind of Grain or Pulfe can grow
there, for the exceflive Cold and Ice -, that the Ri-
vers are unnavigable, and for that Reafon no Trade
can be carried on, in the inland Countries, up the
Rivers, or Lands be cultivated there ; that the Na-
tives are fierce and inhofpitable •, that the Seas are
dangerous, and the Navigation thro* the Ice almoft
impradbicable ; and further to conceal from the
Merchants in Britain thofe large Countries, and the
Navigation into thofe Seas, the Company alfo pre-
vent their Captains and Servants from publifliing
any Journals or Charts of their Voyages, or Difco-
veries, (if any were ever made by them) or any
Charts of thofe Seas -, and alfo all Defcriptions of
thefe Countries, or Knowledge of the Climates and
inland Parts of that Country, by difcouraging their
going into the Country, or navigating up the Ri-
vers i and under Pretence of preventing their Ser-
vants trading with the Natives, they confine them
to their Fadtories during the trading Time in Sum-
mer, whilft the Navigation is open, and afterwards
employ them in preparing and bringing home Fewel
for the Winter •, and in Winter only allow them to
trap and kill fome Martins and JBeavers near their
Faftories, which they buy from them at a low
Price.

The Company, to engrofs this beneficial T-v.de
to themfclves, and to prevent its being known-^ or
enquired into by the Merchants of Britain^ confine
their Trade in this extenfive Continent, to the ex-
porting of Goods and Manufaftiires to the Value
of 3,600/. annually, at a Medium, in which is in-
cluded Provifions and Neceflaries for their Servants
at their Fadories i and for that Export, import an-
nually Furs, Peltry, 6fr. to the Value of about 30
or 40,000/. when if thefe Countries were fettled,

and

■I

,1 ,l.T^*l»««>'<-<

(6)
and the Trade extended and improved, by civiliz-
ing and incorporating with the Natives, allowing
them a more equitable Trade, and carrying up our
Manufaftures into their Countries by thefe Jargc
navigable Rivers in Summer, and by Sledges in
Winter, and by that Means employing more of the
Natives in Hunting, and enabling them to become
induftrious, ojr Britijb Exports might reafonably
increafe to 200,000/. and our Imports from thence
to above 400,000/. in a very Ihort Time, as by
prefumptive Proofs may be eafily made appear.

As the Company fet up a Right to the Property
of all thefe Countries, and an exclufive Trade to
them by their Charter, I muft beg leave to obferve
upon that Grant, and their Behaviour under it ; and
how far they have followed and fulfilled the Spirit and
Intention of their CharttT,uponPrefumption of its hav-
ing been originally valid, and not a fraudulent Grant
obtained from the Crown, and an Impofition upon
the King -, which, as it is a Grant of a Property of
Lands without any Limitation or Bounds, is in itfelf
a void Grant, and can't be claimed againft the
Crown. The Grant of the Crown being in thefe
Words— ** The Ible Trade and Commerce of all
" thofe Sens, Streights, Bays, Rivers, Lakes,
** Creeks and Sounds, in whatlbever Latitudes they
" fliall b;", that lie v/itliin the Entrance of the

Streights commonly called Hudfon's Sireights,

together with all the Lands and Territories upon
" the Countries, Coalh and Confines of the Seas,

Bays, Lakes, Rivers, Creeks and Sounds aforefaid,

that are not already a^'tually poiTeflcd by the Sub-
" je6ts of any other Chriftian Prince or State i with
" the Fidiing of all Sorts of Fifli, Whales, Stur-
'* geons, and all other Royal I'ilhes, in the Seas,

Bay-, Inlets and Rivers, within the Premifles ;

and clie Fiih therciii taken, together with the
2 Royalty

((

cur-
ias,
les *,
Ithe
ilty

4«

(7)
Royalty of the Sea, npon the Coafts, within the
limits aforefaid } ana all Mines Royal as well
difcovercd as not difcovered, of Gold, Silver,
Gems, and precious Stones, to be found or dif- •
covered within the Ten itories, Liinits, and
** Places aforefaid ; and that the L^and be from
** henceforth reckoned and reputed as one of our
*• Plantations, or Colonies in America^ called Prince

** Rupert^s Land." By the ntxt CKiufe, the

Conrpany are made Lords Proprietors of all the afore-
faid Country for ever j the Lands to be held in common
Soccage, as of the Manor of Ecjl GncKwhb, pay-
ing to his Majefty and to his SiiccclTois, two Elks,
aiid two black Beavers, whenfoever, and as often,
as they fhall happen to enter into thcfc Territories *,
and, by a fubfequent Claufe, not only confirms their
fole Trade and Traffick to the Countries aforefaid,
but alio to and from all Havens, Bays, Creeks, &ff.
into which they fhall find Entrance or Paflage by
Land or by Water, outof thefe Territories •, and to
all Nations inhabiting any of the Coafts adjacent,
which are not already poflefled by Chriftian Powers,
or whereof the Trade and Traffick was not granted
to any other of his Majefty's Subjeds.

So that the Grant of the Lands, Seas, ^c. for ever,
as well as the exclufive Trade, is unlimited, unlefs the
whole Globe be the Limit, except what was in the
Poffeflion of Chriftian Powers : For as all Countries
are granted beyond or weftward of the Entrance of
Hudfon's Str eights, there are no Bounds weftward i
and as all is granted, in whatfoever Latitudes they
lie, wherever they can find a Paflage by Land or
by Water, then there is no Limitation from North
to South, but from Pole to Pole •, only what was

Eoflefled by Chriftian Powers. So that all America
cyond the Meridian of Refolution IJland, the Eaft
Entrance oiHudfcn^s StreightSy is within their Claim 5

and

i t

- ji..-^. — ,.,..>■' ■'\'ii^^i"ilk*^..

( 8 )
and alfo all the Seas and Ides beyond it *, and all
jlfia^ except what is in the Ruffian Dominions •, and
Africa^ and the Eaft-IndieSy except fo much as is in
Chriftian Hands, as well as the Monopoly of the
Trade.

Except this extraordinary Charter, there never
was any proprietory Grant from the Crown, without
a limited Boundary \ fome betwixt Parallels of La-
titude North and South ; from a fettled Meridian or
fix'd Point Eaftward, to another Meridian or fix'd
Point Weftward ; either by Degrees of Latitude, or
by the Springs of Rivers, or limited by the South-
Sea, as Carolina was bounded, which is a Limit tho*
a large one ; but this Charter has no Bounds but
the Globe, confequently their Grant was a fraudu-
lent Impofition upon the Crown, obtained by Sur-
prife, being not attended to by the Officers of the
Crown, and mull therefore be void from the Begin-
ning ; and an exclufive Trade for ever, without
an A6t of Parliament, it being a Monopoly, can't
be granted by the Crown, is alfo a Certainty.

But fuppofing either, or both, were originally
good, then it is proper to confider what they have
done to fulfil the Intention and Terms for which
the Charter was granted.

The Charter fets forth, " That whereas the Peti-
" tioners for the Charter have, at their own Coll
" and Charges, undertaken an Expedition for Hud-
" /on*s Bay, in the North weft Parts of America, for
the difcovering of a New PaiTage to the South-Sea,
and for the finding of fome Trade for Furs, Mi-
nerals, and other Commodities ; and by fuch
their Undertaking have made fuch Difcoveries,
as do encourage them to proceed farther in Pur-
fuance of their faid Defign, by Means whereof
there may probably arife great Advantage to us
and our Kingdoms.

" And

((

cc
cc

" 1

cc .

" i

Peti-
Coft
Hud-
ca, for
7-Seaf
Mi-
fiich
varies,
Pur-
lereof
to us

And

«(

c«

(9)
" And whereas the faid Undertaker?, for the'r
further Encouragement in the faid Defign, have
humbly bcfought us to incorporate them, and
grant to them the whole Trade and Commerce of
all thofe Seas, {jfr. in whatfoever Latitudes they
•* fliail be, that lie within the Entrance of the
Streights, commonly called Hudfon*s Streights^
together with all the Lands, i^c. which arc not
now pofll'ITed by any of our Subjeds, or by the
Subjeds of any other Prince or State.
** Now know ye, that we being defirous to pro-
•* mote all Endeavours that may tend to the pub-
" lick Good of our People, and to encourage the
'* faid Undertaking, have granted, ^r'^."

From this Preamble, and granting Claufc, is it
not evident, that it was granted to the Company to
encourage them to find out the Paflage to the South'
Sea, and to find out and extend the Trade for Furs,
Minerals, and other Commodities, by Means whereof
great Advantage might arife to thefe our Kingdoms ;
and was it noi exprefly granted to promote all En-
deavours that might tend to the Good of die Public ?
and in the Grant exprefly called it a Colony, as
other Colonies of America^ to be called Prince Ru-
pcrt*j Land? Were not thefe the txprefs Terms
;ind Intention of the Grant ?

Doth it appear, fince that Time, that tucy have
fulfilled any of thefe Terms ? Flave they done aiiy
thifig elFeftually to difcover the Paflage to the
^Joutliern Ocean ; or can they yet afcertain, by au-
thcntick Charts or Journals, that there is no Paf-
fage ? If they fent any People, Ships, or Sloops
upon the Search, infl:ead of making Difcovcries,
they have concealed fuch as they have macie from
the Biitijh Merchants •, and if by their Search they
hive afcertained there being none, but that all the
Noi tiiwefl: Side ©f the Bay is a continuous Coafl:,

B then

( 10 )

then they can produce Charts of the Coaft, and au-
thentick Journals of fuch Voyages and Search j if
they have none to produce, it is furely a Demon-
tlration they have made no fuch Search. As to the
Company's extending the Britijh Trade into that
North-weftern Continent, or fettling thofe Countries,
and making it a Colony, as intended and required
by the Grant ; if they have done fo, it is alto in-
cumbent upon them to fhew what Settlements they
have cftabliflied, or what Difcoveries and Improve-
ment of Trade they have made, up the Rivers and
Lakes in that Continent, by authentick Journals
and Charts of thofe Countries, with the Rivers and
Lakes ; which if they can't produce, it is evident
they have made no Difcoveries, nor have extended
their Trade within Land, nor upon the Rivers, any
more than they have done by Sea.

It will aifo appear upon Evidence, that the Com-
pany have never fettled any of thofe Countries, or
allowed any other of his Majefty's Subjeds to plant
or fettle upon the Lands they claim by their Grant,
rxcept their menial Servants in their feveral FaAo-
ries i which are but four large Houfes, under the
Name of Forts, three of which are of Wood, and
two fmall trading Houfes. That in each of thefe
large Houfes, they have from 25 to 30 Servants,
in rime of Peace ; and 7 or 8 in the two fmall
Houfes i in the whole not above 120 ; and in Time
of War, not above 1 50 Servants in the whole i and
they have not improved or cultivated above four
Acres of Land about all their Fudtorics i nor have
they extended their Trade beyond thofe Factories •,
taking only what Trade the Natives bring to them,
without going up the Rivers into the Country to
trade with the Natives : And inftead of contradifting
this Account, they excufe andjuftify themfelves for
not doing it, by alleging, that the CHmate is fo fe-

vere.

d au-
:hi it*
:mon-
to the
that
intries,
quired
ifo in-
:s they
provc-
ers and
ournals
ers and
evident
ttended
ers, any

le Corn-
tries, or
to plant
r Grant,
il Fado-
[ider the
)od, and
of thefe
Servants,
vo fmall
in Time
ole-, and
ove four
lor have
adories ♦,
to them,
Hintry to
radioing
felves for
te is fo fe-
vere.

( II )

vere, and the Country fo cold, and Soil fo bad, that
no Grain will grow near their Faftoriesj and pre-
tend that it is colder, and the Weather more fevere
within Land. They alfo give out, that the Rivers
are fo rapid, and have fo many Falls, that they are
unnavigable, except with fmall Canoes made of
Birch Bark ; and this only barely afferted without
Proof, having neither Journals nor Charts to pro-
duce to fupport that Aflertion.

As to the Inclemency of the Seafbns andColdnels
of the Climate, we may be Judges of that, by draw-
ing a Parallel of the Latitudes there, with the Coun-
tries in Europe in the fame Latitudes, and obfcrve
the Diary of the Weather at one of their moft
Northerly Factories -, at Tork Fort, which is in
about r^y lo' North Latitude, which is annexed to
this Account^ and then fee what Foundation there
can be for that AfTertion. We (hall find Archangel^
and all Lapland above five Degrees more northerly
than their moft northerly Faftory at Churchill, which
is fituated in 59°, and thefe Countries to northward

of 6^'. Drontheim in Norway three Degrees

more northerly, and Bergen and Peterjhurg in
60 Degrees, one Degree to northward of it, and
Stockholm about half a Degree to northward of it ;
and yet all thefe Cities are in habitable Climates,
and moft of them Places of Pleafure and great
Trade.

Riga, in Livonia, a Place of great Trade, is in
the fame Latitude with Tork Fort in Hnye^s River ;
and Edinburgh, Copenhagen, and Mo/cow in about
56 , the Latitude of New Severn River, which the
Company have negleded and defpifed.— ^ — Dantzic,
Hamburgh, and Tork, in the fame Parallel with
Slude River, on the Eaft Coaft of Hudfon's Bay,
where the Company have a fmall Houfe, and with
Equan upon the Weft Side of the Bay, which the

B 2 Company

> T

■» ' i '

( la )

Company have not thought worth tlielr Care, tho*

it be in 54 . Bremen, Berlin, and Amjierdam arc

more northerly than Alhany FaAory, which is in
52 , and London, Bruges, and Brejlaw, are in the
Latitude of Moofe River Faiftory in 51 30', and of
Ruperts, Frenchmans, and Nodway Rivers, which

the Company have deferted or niglefted. Thefe

furely can't be called fevere Climates ; and by
fetling higher up thefe Icvcral Rivers, as they all
"have their Courfes from the Southward, the CH^
mate would ftill improve, and the Countries be-
come more temperate by being cultivated, and by
cutting down the Woods j for the Climates at the
Fadlories are more fevere than within Land, by their
being fituated among Swamps at the Mouths of
Rivers, near the Bay \ which by rcafon of fo much
frefli Water, coniinues much longer froz:^n, and
the Ice much thicker, thun further within Land.— —
Nor does the Objei^ion uluiilly made, that the
Countries on the Eufl; Coalt of /Jmerica are much
colder than the Countries in Europe^ ]\\ the fame La-
titudes, hold here : The Kcafon for that Objedion
is this, that the great Mountains within Land, and
frefh Lakes, many of them frozen, and great Tradt
9f Land to the W«ftward, over which the North-
wefterly Winds blow great part of the Winter, oc-
cafions a much greater Cold in Winter, whilll fro-
zen, than in Europe where the fame Winds prevail,
which comes oflf the Sea, which being not frozen,
is much milder than from a fro/.on Continent ; and
the Coaft on the Eaft Side 0^ /Ifta, North oi China,
to Kamfchatki, where the Climate is as fevere and
cold, as in Jmetica, for the fame Rcafon, is caufed
by the North-well Winds blowing over fo great a
Continent covered with Snow. But this can't hold
in the Countries on the Well: Side of Hudfon*s Bay ;

I for

ban
and
raft
orth-
oc-
fro-

vail,
)zen,
and

I and
lufed

( 13 )
for it is known, that the American Weftern Ocean
is at no great Diftance from the Countries weft
of the Bay ; and as thefe Countries are not moun-
tainous, but abound with large navigable Ri-
vers, and great Lakes, thefc Countries from
a like Parity of Reafon, muft be equally tem-
perate, as the Countries in Europe fituated at an
equal Diftance from the Atlantic Ocean, and where
the Countries in Europe are mountainous, very much
colder ; as in Switzerland, Bohemia, &c. — But as
the Journal of the Weather, taken at or near Tork
Fort, from Augufi 1746, to the End of 7^/;?^ i747»
hereunto annexed, will prove this Faft, I appeal to
it ; by which it will appar, tho* under the Inconve-
niency of being taken at the Mouth of a River near
an Icy Sea, which continued long frozen after the
Ice within Land was broke up, yet the Weather,
the whole Winter, was as temperate as in the Conti-
nent of Europe, in the fame Latitudes ; no way
tempeftuous, but generally ferene Iharp Froft, which
did not prevent any of the Seamen from going from
the Houfe, and Huts built to fhelter them in the
Winter, to Tork Fort, or to the Ships, or into the
Woods, except for a very few Days, the whole
Winter, when there happened a Fall of Snow*
February and March being generally intermix'd with
thawing Weather, and by the 30th of March the
Frelhes came over the Ice in the River and Creek,
which demonftrates that it was breaking up within
the Country by the Middle of March.

From this it may appear, whether any Credit can
be given to their Account, that no Grain or Pulfe
will come to Maturity in that Climate, when the
Country above Tork Fort, one of their moft Nor-
therly Fadlories, in 57", the Tee broke up in March j
at a very proper Time for Tillage •, when Barley,
2 Oats,

! 1

-^ "y- -".'t'j

( 14 )
Oats, Beans and Peafe, have bsen tried at their
more Southerly Faftories, and fucceeded well, ancj
Pulfe and Roots, which they have only try*d at
Tork Fort<t have proved very ^ood ; and where
further within Land wild Oats, or rather Rice,
grows without Culture in the Marihes ; fo that it i$
evident they only aflert this to difcredit the Country
and Climate, and to excufe themfelves for not fet-
tling and improving the Country higher up the Ri-
vers, where the Climate is warmer, and the Lands
dryer and better, than in the Swamps about their
Faftories.

As to the Company's Objeftion, that the Rivers
are unnavigable, from the Number of Sharps or
Fails i fuch of the Company's Servants who have
gone up Nelfon River for feveral Miles, tho' con-
trary to their Governors Orders and Inclinations,
fay, that thofe Sharps, they call Falls, are only
flxong, Iharp Currents like a Tide, which the Na-
tives row up, againft the Scream, in their Birch Ca-
noes ) and that our Boats could row up againft the
Stream with great Eafe ; and Monfieur Jermiff
who was many Years there as Imendant or Gover-
nor, mentions nothing of any fuch Falls \ and J<?-
fepb la France^ who came down from the firft great
Lake to York-Forty faid, that the Stream was fo
eafy, that loaded Boats, fuch as ours, could row
up againft it for above 60 Leagues, and fmallei'
Boats go even to the Lake about 100 Leagues
higher. — The Falls or Sharps upon the other Ri-
vers are generally of the fame Kind ; fo that there
is feldom any Occafion to make ufe of Land Car-
riages, and where neceflfary, they are not long.

As to the Danger of failing in thofe Seas, it ap-
pears to be Icfs dangerous than moft other Naviga-
tions. The Ships fent upon the Difcovery in 1741.
ani 1 746. are returned fafe ; and the Company's

Sliips

' - - ^ ( 15 )

Shipfi trading iiito Hudfon*s Bay, fince 1714. for
3,^ Years, have made thcif Voyages, out and home,
according ro their Orders, each Year -, except two
Ships, by the Carekffnefs of the Captain, which
ure^e loft in the Ice in fair Weather, when he might
hare avoided the Danger. Their palTing the Streights
Outward-bound, when there is no Night, is a great
Advantage ; and upon their Return from the Bay,
all the Ice is dillblved, and drove to the Southward
•ut of the Streight, except the large high Iflands of
Ice difperfed in the Straight, which may be avoided ;
And tho' Fogs are trequent near tlie Ice, that is al-
ways in calm Weather, wlien there is little Danger,
for any brifk Gale carries off the Fog.

From thefe Obfervatlons. from Fads, it plainly
appears, that their Objections are calculated to pre*,
vent Settlements being made up the Rivers in the
Bay, and to deter others from navigating thofe Seas,
which, if purfued, muft certainly ruin their illegal
Monopoly, and open the Trade to the reft of the
Brjtijh Merchants.

As thefe Fafts can't be contefted, if the Obferva-
tlons upon them are juft, it Ihews demonftrably,
that the Company have not adled according to the
Direftion and Spirit of their Charter, and that their
Excufe for not doing it is lame, and has no Foun-
dation ^o fupport it.

If the Trade to Hudfon^s Bay, and the Manner
the Company carries it on, be next ccnfidered, it
will appear to be higlily prejudicial 10 the Britijh
Intereft, and calculated to do as little for the Pub-
lick, and as much for their own Benefit, upon a
fmall Capital, as they can poffibly contrive it.

The exporting of tlie Manufaftures and Produce
of the Kingdom, for a reafonable Profit, is the
greateft Benefit a Nation can have by Trade ; by
ufefully employing our induftrious Poor at Home,

and

■s.

i'- m

(I I

»4

and much more material than importing a great
Quantity of Goods •, ahho* they Ihould prove of
great Value to the Merchant upon Importation. As
for Inftance, it is much more beneficial to the Com-
munity to fend out 100,000/, value in Goods and
Manufaflures, to bring in 1 10,000, provided the
Merchant has Profit fufiicient to carry on his Com-
merce, than to fend out only 10,000/. Value in our
Produce and Manufadures, to bring in 110,000/.
For the cheaper we can fell our Manufadures abroad,
fo as to underfel other Nations, and yet have a fuf-
ficient Profit to carry it on, by increafing our Sale
Abroad, it mull increafe our Manufacturers at
Home, and keep them fully employed, to the great
Benefit of the State.

Now let us obferve how the Hudfon*s Bay Com-
pany manage their Trade. They make it a prin-
cipal Point, to export as little of our Produce and
Manufciftures as they poflibly can, and thofe in the
mod trifling Things ; impofing upon the Natives
Ignorance Trifles of little or no Value ; for Medi-
cines to cure them of all Difeafes, or to make them
fuccefsful in their Wars, or Hunting ; and felling
fuch Trifles, and the other Iron and Woolen Goods,
with Tobacco and Spirits, at an unreafonable Price,
in Exchange for valuable Furs and Peltry ; fome of
their Exports at 2000 per Cent. Profit, as may be
feen by their Standard for Trade given to their
Factors to exch.jnge with the Natives, at the Rates
they're fix'd, which is annexed to this ; yetthe Fac-
tors, fl:ill more exorbitant than the Diredors, f-li
their Goods confiderably above the Standard, to
fliew the Company how zealous they are in raifing
the Price of Britijh Goods •, this they call Gain upon
the overplus Trade : And thus they import Cargoes
of 30 or 40,000/. Value, for a very few Goods ex-
ported, not in ^^lIue above 3000/. annually, fo as

( 17 )
to have a great Profit to the Company, upon an in-
confiderabte Export from Britain^ to the great Lofs
of the Manuftfturcrs of Britain,

It is from this Mifconduft, that the French carry*
Goods from Canada by Land, and up Rivers, in
which are many great Catara^ to the Southward
and Weftward of Huron's Bay^ even to the Lakes
beyond Nelfon River ^ and there underfel the Com-
panyi by giving a greater Price for all the valuable
light Furs of eafieft Carriage ; fo that thefe Natives
carry only Beavers, and the heavieft Furs to the Com-
pany's Fadtoriesj which the French can't carry to
ProHt to Canada*

The fmall Value they get in Britijh Goods for
their Furs, prevents many of the Indians from bring-
ing them down to their Fadtories •, nor can they
carry down the fixth Part of the Furs they fave to
their Fadfcories, in their fmall Canoes •, and a great
many Beafts which have fine Furs are not hunted or
killed, they getting little or nothing for them at the
Factories, as Squirrels, Ermines, Hares, ^c. nor
can they carry down in their fmall Canoes any Deet
or Buffalo's Skins, they being bulky, and getting
little or nothing for them \ yet many hundred thou-
fand might be had firom that vaft Continent in a Sea-
fon, the Natives, at prefent, killing them by Thou-
fands, and let them rot in their Skins ; tho' they
would, if well fav'd, make a valuable Cargo to
Britain^ and are a great Trade in other Colonies in
America : So that if the Standard of Trade was fix'd
at a reafonable Price, and Settlements made up the
Rivers, and People were allowed to go into the /«-
dian Country to trade, by the Rivers and Lakes in
Summer, and upon Sledges in "Winter, the Trade
might be increafed Ten-fold \ and inftead of 40,000/.
value, now imported, we might, in Furs and Skins
alone, bring home 400,000/. Value j and export

C 200,000/.

■J*--

( i8 )

2009000/. Value in our Produce and Manufaftures. :
To (hew that this is no extravagant Computation,
let the Nature of the Bay Trade, as it is now car-
ried on, be confidered, and then it may be feen how
much it may be increafed. A Beaver Skin gene-
rally fells, by the Parcel, at the Company's Sale
here, at a Medium, for nine Shillings. The Com-
pany generally had 50,000 Beaver Skins from Tork
Fort, 20,000 from Churchil River, and about as
many from Albany and Moofe Fadtories, and from
Slude River y until they loft great Part of that Trade
to the French, by allowing them to fix a Faftory at
St. Germain, upon the Head of Moofe River, By
the Account given by Jofepb la France, a good
Hunter can take 5 or 600 Beavers in one Winter,
but can only carry down to the Fadlories one Hun-
dred in a Canoe •, fo that above three 4ths, at leaft, ,
are not brought to Market to the Faftories. Thofc
they can't carry down are made Coverings for the
Natives, and fpread as Beds to lie upon, and with
Deer-Skins are Part of the Covering of their Tents ;
fome of them are hanging as Efcutcheons upon
Trees on the Death of their Children ; and frequently
they burn off the Fur, and roaft the Beaver in their
Skins at their Feafts, as being their moft delicious
Food ; if they have more, they lie by and rot, hav-
ing no farther Ufe for them, having no Conve-
niency of carrying them id far to Market ; and
getting fo fmall a Price for them, moft Part in
Trifles, at the Factory, as may appear by their fix*d
Standard for Trade, hereunto annexed.

From this it is evident, that if our Englijh Goods
and Manufactures were carried up into the Country
to the Natives, by navigating the Rivers in Sum-
mer, or by Sledges in Winter, and Families fettled _
upon the Rivers, where there were any Falls or
Sharps, with Horfes and draught Cattle to affift in

tranfporting

tranfporting heavy Goods to other Boats built above
thefe Falls, to carry our Goods into the great Lakes i
and the Brififi Goods were bartered at more equitable
Rates } and Duffields, Strouds, Blankets, and other
courfe Woolen, and Iron and Copper Manufadtures,
which would ferve them for Coverings and Cloaths,
and for other Conveniencies, were carried to them,
that then the remaining three 4ths, now loft to Bri-
tain, would come to Market ; and by fettling an
equitable Standard with the Natives, at different
Places, according to the Merchant's Expence of
Carriage, Trouble and Rifque, greater Numbers
would be employed in Hunting, both of the Indians
and Europeans, who would fettle there j and by our
obliging the Indian Nations to live in Peace with
each other, and by civilizing them, and thereby
enabling them to get Provifions with more Eafe and
Certainty, by which their Children would be no
Charge to them, they would breed and increafe bet-
ter i their Want of Food, and erratick Way of Life
at prelent, makes it a Prudence in them not to marry
early, or to have many Children ; fo that by our
Proteftion and Afliftance in procuring them Necef-
faries cheaper, the Furr Trade, in a little Time*
would be vaftly increafed.

There comes atprefent near 100,000 Beavers to
England from Hudfon^s Bay, befides what goes to
Canada from the Countries adjoining it ; if there-
fore we would underfel the French, as we eafily may,
by a very modeft Computation, above 300,000
might be imported annually in Beaver, above
1 30,000/. in Value : And as there are no Deer-
Skins now imported, except a few Moofe, Elk, and
Red Deer drefs*d j as there are immenfe Numbers
of Deer in thofe Countries, even as far North as the
Polar Circle, which the Indians now kill, ufing fre-
quently nothing but their Tongues, leaving them to

C 2 roi;

1, * ,

( 20 )

rot in their Skins by giving a rcafonable Price foe
them up in the Country, and bringing them dowa
the Rivers in Boats, or by Sledses in Winter and
Spring, at a moderate Computation above 400^000
might be imported annually, in Value above 1 20,000/.

As the French give as much for a Martin as for a
Beaver, and the Company infift upon three inftcad
of a Beaver, all, or the greateft Part of thcfc var
luable Furs, being light and of eafy Carriage, go
to the French j but if we would give a proper Price
for them, we might have the whole, and many
more would be trap*d \ of thefe we might import
annually 200,000 at lead, which generally fell here,
at a Medium, for above 7 Shillings each j but at
5 Shillings would amount to 50,000/. Of Ermines
and Squirrels, which the Company don't make aa
Article in their Trade, of which there arc great
j^umbers, and only a few brought home by the
Sailors clandeftinely, above 200,000 might be an-
nually imported, which are fold here to the Furriers
at 2 Shillings each, and would amount to at leaft
20,000/. To thefe, if we add Moofe Deer, EUks,
Red-Deer, Wolves, Wolverines, Foxes, Black,
Grey, Red and White, Cats, Bears, and Otters,
^ich at a rcafonable Computation would amount
to, in Value, 100,000/. By thefe Articles alone, our
Imports would amount to above 400000/, annually.

I o thefe alfo may be added, great Numbers of
white Hares, whofe Furs are very good, and make
excellent Hats ; 36,000 having been taken in one
Seafon near Tork Forty when the French pofleffed it»
as Monfi: ur Jeremie relates : alfo great Numbers of
Buffaloes Skins, of great Value. The Mu(k Ox,
whofe Wool is very long, and as fine as Silk, of
which fine Hats have been made in France. All
thefe Furrs and Peltry are to be had in the Coim-
tries adjoining Hudfcn^s Bay, even as far North as

the

( »l . )

the polar Circle, and on all the Labrador Coaft»
except Beavers, whkh only build and live in a mar-
Ihy, woody Country, the inner Rind of Poplars, Of ^.
bein^ their chief Food. This abne, by fettling thelc
Countries, and extending and opening the Trade, is
of great Confequence, and would greatly increafe
our Shipping, and employ a hardy Race of Sear
men. But we mav ftiil further oblerve what sreac
Profit may be made by the Fifheries in thofe Seas,
and what great Numbers of Ships and Seamen may
be employed in purchafing and bringing home great
Cargoes irom the Bay. In all the Northweft Side
of the Bay are great Numbers of the Whalebone
Whales, white Whales, Seals, white Bears, and Sea*
Horfes with their Ivory ; and Seals, Sea-Horfes and
whiteWhales, in all other Parts of the Bay •, of thcfe
the EJkimaux Indians^ at prefcnt, kill great Numbers
with the bad Inftruments they have ^ but if they
were fupply'd from Britain with Harpoons, Lines,
and other Iron Tools for their Hunting and Fifhing,
and coarfe Cloaths and Coverings for their Habit$
$uid Beds, they would exchange all their Skins, Fin^
Oil and Ivory, for our Manufactures •, and all thele
People would become F.fhers for us, and Condudb
us through all their Streights and Inlets, without
Panger or Expence % and would furnifh us with
thefe neceffary Commodities in Exchange for our
Manufadtures, which would greatly increafe our
Shipping, and Seamen •, and by vending a great
Quantity of our coarfe Manutadlurcs, would te
more beneficial to us, than gaining the Greenland
Fifhery -, and by this Means we might find out, by
the Natives for Pilots, the Paflage to the W eltern
Ocean* or foon determine that there is none.

Befides tfiis, the Inland Trade might be ftill
greatly increafed j for as the Furs and Skins are light,
and rec^uire much Ballafl; to be brought home, the

Shi^ S

ft «

( 22 )

Ships may be ballafted with Pine, Fir, Larch, and
other Timber, of which there is a vaft Quantity,
and May be floated down to the Places where the
Ships load ; and when Inhabitants increafe, great
Quantities of Pitch, Tar, Rofin, and Turpentine,
may be made, fo cheap as to underfel the Swedes
and Danes^ which would greatly increafe our Ship-
ping : And as there are valuable Lead and Copper-
Mines in thofe Countries, the Ore would alfo be
ufed as Ballad ; and when the Natives, who are a
humane People, are civilized, and provided with
the NeceiTaries of Life, which may be done in a
few Years, there may be other Commodities found,
and Advantages that don*t at prefent appear to us.

But if befides all thefe Advantages, we Ihould
find rich, civilized Nations, near, or upon theCoaft
of the Weftern Ocean, North of New Mexico ^ of
which there are authentick Accounts from Spanijh
Authors, above a Century and half ago, when they
had no Apprehenfions of other European Nations
interfering with them in their Settlements or Difco-
veries ; who fay, that they abound in Silver and
Gold Mines, and in Turquoifes, and live in large
Cides and Towns j which is confirmed fince by
French Accounts, by Jeremiey Labontan \ and ftrong-
ly hinted at by Charlevoix, and alfo by Cax, who
had good Information and authentick Journals of
thofc Countries ; we can*t compute how much our
Trade may be improved in that North-weftern Con-
tinent, even without finding out a navigable Paflage
to the Weftern Ocean : For if the Paflage be Ihort
over Land, from Churchill or Seal River, to that
Ocean, as we are informed it is by the Natives, who
have been at it, and returned to our Faftories with
Goods traded for there and have been alfo at the
Copper-Mine, which is either upon it, or upon a
Streight leading to it •, which Sea is alio confirmed

and

our
'on-
fage
lort
that
vho
nth
the
)n a

( 25 )
to be at no ^reat Diftance by Charlevoix^ and by
Billing the Engineer of the Marine in France^ from
original Journals and Charts he had feen, which
were made upon the Sp()r ; then, without a navi-
gable PaiTage, BrUiJh Goods might be eafiJy con-
veyed by Sleds, in Winter and Spring, to the
Weftem Ocean •, and by making; a Settlement upon
the Coaft, in a convenitnt Haroc<ur, Ships might
be built there, and a Navigation carry'd on from
thence to all the adjoining Countries, and the Re-
turns be made over Land again to Hudfon*s Bay,
and from thence to Britain, But if there be a navi-
gable PafTage to that Ocean, of which there is ftill
the greateft Probability, from the Tides, the Whales,
the Openings feen and entered, and great North-
weftern Current through thofe Inlets •, which, from
a Settlement to be fix*d at Seal River, might then
be found without Expence, by trading with the
EJkimaux \ the Increafe of Trade and Navigation
through it can't be eafily computed.

Upon the whole, fince fo valuable a Trade and
Difcovcry hath been fo long neglefled by the Hud-
forCs Bay Company, and the Trade confined to fo
fmall an Export, and kept lock'd up from all the
Britijh Merchants, under Pretence of a Charter,
which the Crown was by Surprife, and inadvertently
drawn in to grant, for little or no Confideration,
for Ever •, Lands without Bounds, and an illegal
Monopoly, which was orig nally an Impofition upon
the Crown, as the Value of it to the Publick was
not known •, is it not an Objedb worthy of the
Parliament to look into and redrefs, by examining
into the pretended Rights and Privileges of the
Company, by the original Grant, and the Validity
of it i and alfo their Conduct under it, fmce that
Time \ and after examining into it, to make thefe

Countries

'. \

i !i

'.. •

(H)
Countries and Trade to them, which b noir otif
undifputed Right, beneficial to BritaiH^ by fettling
thefe Councriesy civilizing, and afterwards convert-
ing the Natives, and extending our Trade into that
Northern Continent ; either by fixing a Company*
under proper Regulations and Reftridions, who
fliall be obliged to fettle and fecure chefe Countries,
and extend the Trade, by making Alliances with
the Nacives, civilizing them, and allowing them an
equitable Standard for Trade, and determining the
Pra(5Ucabiliry of the PalTage ; or by opening the
Trade to t!ie Bay to all his Majefty's Subjects, and
forming Settlements there at the Publick Expence^
or by a fmall Tax upon their Trade, whichever
Way may be moft advantagious to Btitaifi^

Standard

oiif
:tling
kvcrt-
I that
pany,

who
itries,

with
;m an
gthc
5 the
, and
>encev
hcver

dard

('25 )

Standard of Trade.

BEADS valued. One Pound as One Beaver.
Kettles, one, as one and half Beavers,
Powder, one Pound, as one Beaver.
Shot, four Pound, as one Beaver.
Tobacco, Brazil, three Quarters of a Pound, as one
Beaver.

— ' Virginia Leaf, one Pound, as one Beaver.

• • Englijh Role, one Pound, as one Beaver.

Vermillion, one Pound, as fixteen Beavers. ^^

Thread, one Pound, as one Beaver

Brandy, Englijh, one Gallon, as four Beavers.

Strong-waters, one Gallon, as four Beavers.

Broad- Cloth, one Yard, as three Beavers.

Ditto Red, one Yard, as three Beavers.

Ditto Blue, one Yard, as three Beavers.

Fine ditto, one Yard, as five Beavers.

Bays, one Yard, as one and half Beavers.

Blankets, one Yard, as feven Beavers.

Duffles, one Yard, as two Beavers.

Flannel, one Yard, as one and halfBeavers.

Gartering, one Yard and half, as one Beaver.

Lace broad Orris, one Yard and half, as one Beaver.

Worfted binding, one Yard and half, as one Beaver,

Awl Blades, eight, as one Beaver.

Buttons Brafs Coat, four Dozen, as one Beaver.

Ditto Waiftcoat, fix Doz. as one Beaver,

Burning Glafles, two, as one Beaver.

Bayonets, one, as one Beaver..

Combs Ivory, one, as one Beaver.

Egg-boxes, three, as one Beaver.

Barrel-boxes, three, as one Beaver.

Feathers Red, two, as one Beaver.

Fifli- hooks, fourteen, as oneBeaver.

T V D ^ . Files

»*.:.

if *'■

•(26)

Files valued, one, as one Beaver
Flints, fixteen, as one Beaver.
Guns, one, as fourteen Beavers.
Piftols, one, as feven Beavers.
Gun-worms, four, as one Beaver
Gloves Yarn, one Pair, as one Beaver.
Handkerchiefs, one, as one Beaver.
Hats laced, one, as four Beavers.
Hatchets, one, as one Beaver.
Hawk's-bells, twelve, as one Beaver.
Ice Chizzels, one, as one Beaver.
Knives, four, as one Beaver.
Looking-glaflfes, one, as one Beaver.
Needles, twelve, as one Beaver.
Net Lines, one, as one Beaver.
Powder-horns, one, as one Beaver.
Runlets, one, as one Beaver.
Rings plain, fix, as one Beaver.
Ditto Seal, three, as one Beaver.
Ditto Stone, three, as one Beaver.
Scrapers, two, as one Beaver.
Sword-blades, one, as one Beaver.
Sciflfars, two Pair, as one Beaver.
Spoons, two, as one Beaver.
Shirts, one, as two Beavers.
Slioes, one Pair, as three Beavers,
Stockings, one, as two Beavers.
Sallies, one, as one and half Buavers.
Thimbles, fix, as one Beaver.
Tobacco-boxes, one, as one Beaver.
Twine, one Scain, as one Beaver.
lobacco-tongs, two Pair, as one Beaver.

Beavers being the chief Commodity, therefore
it is made the Standard, whereby they value all other
Furs and Commodities dealt for in the Bay, as on
the other Side.

One

A'lf

( 27 )

One Parchment Moufe, as two Beavers.

One drefs*d ditto, as one and half Beavers

One Red Deer, as one Beaver.

One old Bear, as two Beavers.

One Bear Cub, as one Beaver.

One Wolf, as two Beavers.

One Cat, as one Beaver.

One Black Fox, as three Beavers.

One Grey ditto, as two Beavers.

One Red ditto, as one Beaver.

Two white Foxes, as one Beaver.

Two Otters, as one Beaver.

Two Vejacks, as one Beaver.

Three Martins, as one Beaver.

One Quiquehak, as one Beaver.

Two Wenulks, as one Beaver.

Ten Pound of Feathers, as one Beaver.

herefore
all other
y, as on

One

By Accounts, the French Trade, a Martin, as a
Beaver •, fo the Indians go more to the French^
upon that Account.

Guns three Sorts, four Foot, three Foot and half,
and three Foot ; all valued alike.

Beads feven different Sorts, viz. Large, Midling,
and Small, White j Large, Midling, and Small
Blue i and large Pearl, any Sort, one Pound as a
Beaver.

Kettles eight different Sizes, viz. three quarters of
a Pint, one Quart, two Quaris, 4 Qi_iarts, eight
Quarts, ten Quarts, twelve Quarts, fourteen
Quarts, fixteen Quarts •, any Size, one Pound as
a Beaver and half.

Shot five Sorts, viz. Duck, Briftow, Partridge,
Goofe Mould. Low Eafl India.

Strong Waters, White and Red.

Bays, Red and Blue.

D 2 DufHelds,

y'j

i;i"

'■ ifi

( 28 )

Dufficlds, Red and Blue.

Hatchets, Midling and fmall. ^ ' **'*

Knives three Sorts, large Long, large Roach, and
Jack.

Looking-Claffes two Sorts, Book, and Oftagon.

Powder- Horns three Sorts, one Pound, three quar-
ters of a Pound, and half a Pound.

Runlets three Sorts, two Quarts, four Quarts and
eight Quarts.

Stockings three Sorts, Red, Blue, and Coloured.

Tobacco- Boxes three Sorts, Oval plain, Japan'd,
and lin'd Head.

This is all the Standard.

A N

and

AB S TRACT

O F T H E

WEATHER

Taken at Montague- Houfe^ near Tork-
Fort^ in Hays-River in Hudfons-
Bajy in Latitude 57^^ 20 ; and on
Board the California, As taken
from a Log-Book, commencing Au-
guji the 1 6th 1 746. when they were
at Marble IJland^ near the Welcomey
and ending the 9th of September
1747. when they had got out of
Hudfons Streight^ upon their Re-
turn Home.

5^^i^-

A N

AUGUST, 1746.

i6th.T^ RESH Breezes, interchangeably Fair and

JP Cloudy.
17th. Part of the Day little Wind, Remainder frclh

Breezes and Cloudy.
1 8th. Frelh Gales with thick Weather, Part of the

Day cold, with Sleet and Snow ; Remainder

moderate, hazy, with fmall Rain.
19th. A ftrong Gale, hazy, foggy with Rain.
20th. Moderate, firft Part, and variable ; then a

frefh Gale with fmall Rain.

2 ill.

( 30 )

2 1 ft. A frelh Gale till Noon, rainy and fqually ;
then clear Weather.

2 2d. A frelh Gale, fair and clear i then cloudy with
Squalls.

23d. ii frefh Gale, cloudy and fqually, then mo-
derate wita Sleet and Snow.

24th. The fame Weather.

25th. Small Breezes, fair and clear •, then at the
EntrancQ of Nel/ott Rtver.

26th. Liale Wind and fine Weather.

27th. Small Breezes and fine Weather.

28th. A frefh Breeze, variable, cold and raw.

2y h. A frefh Breeze, cloudy.

30th. A trefli Breeze, fine Weather.

31ft. Fine Weather. •" - '•'■'•

SEPTEMBER, '\. / *

»4

ift. Calm, fine Weather. ;

2d. A frelh Gale, fine Weather,
3d. Part a frefh Gale and fine Weather, Part mo-
derate and cloudy.
4 th. The fame Weather,
ith. The fame Weather.
6th. A frefh Gale, part cloudy, part Rain.
7th. The fame Weather.
8th. A frefh Gale, cloudy, fome Thunder.
9th. The fame Weather, with fome Rain,
loth. A frefh Gale with fine Weather,
nth. A frefh Gale, mofl part fair.
1 2th. A flrong Gale with fome Rain.
13th. Little Wind, cloudy.
14th. Little Wind, with clear fine Weather.
15th. Full Part little Wind, then a frefh Gale.
1 6th. Frefh Gales.
17th. The fame.

18th.

kO-.,

'f^ii*

iliyi

with
mo-

thc

no-

( 31 )
1 8. Frefh Gales, with fome Sleet and Snow, then

little Wind and cloudy.
19th. Firft little Wind, then a frefh Gale.
20th. A frefh Gale, then little Wind, againafrcih

Gale.
2ifV. A frefh Gale, then little Wind and hazy.
22d. Calm, at firfl foggy, then clear. - .

23d. Little Wind, calm and hazy.
24th, Little Wind, and Rain.
25th. a frelh Breeze, with fine Weather,
26th. A frefh Breeze, part cloudy, part clear.
27th. Variable fmall Wind, with fine Weather.
28th. The fame. . ^

29th. Firft part a frefh Gale with fine Weather,

then a ftrong Gale with Sleet and Snow.
3orh. A flrong Gale with Sleet and Snow.

OCTOBER

ifl. A flrong Gale with Froft and Snow.

2d. A flrong Gale with Froft.

3d. Moderate, with Froft and fome Snow.

4th. A ftrong Gale, hazy.

5th. A ftrong Gale, clear, with fome Snow.

6th. A frefh Gale with fome Snow.

7th. Froft.

8th. Clear and froft,

9th. Wind at South-weft, fine Weather.

loth. Wind at Weft and moderate.

nth. The fame Weather.

1 2th. Wind at Weft, pleafant Weather.

13th. Variable Vs^ind, with /omc Rain, then clear.

14 th. The fame Weather.

15th. A frefli Gale with fome Snow, then fair

and Froft.
1 6th. Wind South-eaft, moderate and frofty.
17th. Wind at South, and Frofty.

2 1 8th.

th.

iihii' ■]««.-

(rj

( 32 )

lith. Wind at South, fine Weather, and little
Froft.

19th. Wind at North- weft, then at South,
aoth. Wind at South, fine Weather.
2 ift. A ftrong Gale at North-eaft with fomc Snow.
2 2d. The fame.

23d. Calm, with fome Snow. < . . .-

24th. The fame. ...

25th. Small Wind, Southerly.
26th. Wind South-eaft, fine Weather.
27th. The fame.

2«th. Firft Part a frelh Gale, then Calm with fome
Snow.

29th. Calm, clofe Weather.

30th. Wind wefterly, with fome Snow.

31ft- Wind North- weft, with Iharp Froft.

NOVEMBER.

I ft. The fame Wind ajjd Weather.

2d. The fame.

3d. The fame.

4th. The fame.

5th. Frelh Breeze, cold Weather.

6th. Wind North- weft, with ftiarp Froft.

7th, Wind betwixt Weft and North, fine clear
Weather.

8th. Wind Northerly, fine mild Weather.

9th. Wind Weft, with Froft.

loth. No Obfervation.

I ith. Little Wind, with fome fmall Snow, then
fine W^eather.

1 2th. Little Wind, Wefterly, fine Weather, with
fome fmail Snow.

13th. Little Wind, at South-eaft, fine mild Wea-
ther.

14th.

?»•

t
5

9
I

J
I

,■::* .

little

3W.

ome

^ ^

( 33 ) ^ •

i4th. Little Wind and fmall Snow.

15th. Little Wind at North-eaft, tnild Thawing in
the River.

16th. Wind Southerly, fine Weather. '• * •

1 7th. Wind Wcfterly, fine mild Weather.

1 8th. Rain, Wind North- weft, then Sleet and Hail.

19th. Wind Weft aod variable, clofe warm Weather,

20th. Wind at Weft, fine Weather.

2 1 ft. Wind at South, fine Weather.

%zd. A fi-efti Breeze, cold Weather.

23d. Wind North-weft, cold, with fome Snow,

24th. The fame,

25th. The fame.

26th. Wind North- weft, with clear (harp Weather.

2 7th. Wind North- weft, then South, ftiarp Weather.

28th. Wind South, Weft, fome Snow, cold Wea-
ther.

29th. Wind North- weft, ftiarp Weather*

30th. No Obfervation in Log-Book.

DECEMBJ^R.

:lear

hen
i^ith
ea-
th.

ift. Wind South-weft, cold Weather.
. 2d. Wind Weft, ftiarp.
3d. Wind Weft, clofe and hazy, afterwards clear.
4th. Wind Welt-north-weft, cold Weather,
^th. Wind vvffterly, with Drift and Cold.
6th. Wind Weft, a frefh Gale, clear, ftiarp Weather.
7th. Wind North- weft, with fome drift Snow, not

fo cold as before.
8th. Wind North- weft, ftiarp Weather, with fome

Snow.
9th. Wind North, ftiarp drifty Weather,
loth. Wind Weft, a frefli Gale, moderate Weather]
J uh. Wind South, (;lear, fine Weather.
1 2th. Little Wind, variable, Eafterly.

E 13th.

..■^^^

( 34)

1 3th. North- weft Wind, a frcftj Gale, mpdcrate

Weather.
14th. Wind North-weft, a frefh Gale^ clear and

(harp.
1 5r,h. The fame,
ifcth. The fame.
17th. A treih Gaje, Weft, South, and E. N. E.a

ftrong Gale.
J 8th. A ftrong Gale, clofe drifty Weather.
19th. Wind North- weft, moderate and clear.
20th. Wind at North, a frefh Gale, Hazy and

coid.
2 1 ft. Wind North- weft, ftiarp Weather.
2 2d. Wind South'South-weft, clear, fliarp Weather.
23d. Wind North-weft, clear and fharp.
24th, The fame.
25th. The fame.
2bth. The fame.
27th. The fame.
2Sth. The fame.

29th. Wind North-weft, moderate Weather.
30th. Wind at North- weft, clear and mod erate^;
31ft. The fame.

1747. JANUARY.

ift. Wind North- weft, a frefh Gale, dear and

ftiarp.
2d. Wind at Weft, fharp Weather.
3d. Wind at Weft, moderate, with fome Snow.
4th. Wind at Weft, moderate and Fair.
5th. Wind at North-weft» fine Weather.
€th. Wind ac Ncrth-weft, a Gale and cold.
7th. The fame.

fc'th. The fame Wind, very cold.
9th. The fame in the Morning, then South and

moderate.

ip^h.

,^«t:

-^■^

ate
tnd

l.^

\nd

ter.

and

, , ... (35)

loth. No Obfcrvation. , ,

lich. Witid North and North* eaft, at Night North-
weft with fharp Snow. ^

1 2th. Wind at North, clofe, cold Weather. ^

13th. Wind at North- weft, clear Weather. ^

14th. Wind at Weft, fine Weather.

15th. Wind at South, fine Weather, with fomd
Snow.

i6th. Wind South, a Gale with Snow, but mild.

1 7th. No Obfervarion.

18th. Wind North- weft, a Gale, at Night md-
derate.

igtk. Wind North- weft, fliarp, with fome Snow.

20th. Wind North-weft, with drift Snow.

2 1 ft. Wind North- weft, a Gale, then Southerly.

2 2d. Wind Weft and variable, moderate Weather*

23d. Wind North-weft, fine Weather.

24th. The fantie.

25th. Variable, and frefh Gales.

26th. Wind North-weft, variable, with Show and
Cold.

27th. A ftrOng Gale with SnOw, very ftiarp.

28th. Wind North-eaft, a frefti^,Gale, with thick
Snow, very cold.

29th. Wind North- weft, clear, fine, mild Weather.

30th. Wind North, with Snow, but mild.

31ft. Wind at Weft, with moderate Weather.

FEBRUART.

and
p;h.

I ft. Wind at Weft, moderate and cloudy.

2d. Wind North-weft, to North-eaft, variablCj,

clofe, and hazy.
3d. Wind North-weft, clear, ftiarp Weather.
4th. Wind at Weft, Iharp Weather.
5th. Wind Eaft- north-eaft, hazy and mild, with

fome Snow.

E 2 6:h.

'■'■■■^^^.^^^M'^'i^:- . > »«

'--»*• "«*llr.?^-

J'>

1/t

(

( 3<^ ).

6th. Wind South-foutk-eaft, a mild Drift with ft
Breeze till 5 at Night, then a thick Snow.

7th. Wind at North-eaft, little Wind, with fomc
Snovf.

8th. Wind South-eaft, fine mild Weather.

9th. Wind South-eaft, a light Breeze, fine Weather.

loth. Wind South-eaft to North-eaft, thick, hazy

' Weather.

nth. Wind South-eaft, with Snow and Sleet, then
North- weft and fair.

1 2th. Wind South-weft, a frefh Gale, fine Weather.

13th. Wind at Weft, fine Weather.

14th. Little Wind, thawing a little.

15th. Little Wind, at South, thawing and running
off the Houfe.

1 6th. Wind at Weft, fine mild Weather.

17th. Wind at North, with fome Snow.

18th. Wind South- weft, fine mild Weather.

19th. Wind North- weft, a hard Gale, then mode-
rate, but cold.

20th. Wind South-weft, a frefli Gale, then North-
eaft and mild.

2 1 ft. Wind at Weft, fine clear Weather.

2 2d. Little Wind at Weft, fine mild Weather.

23d. The fame, fine Weather.

24th. The fame, fine, mild and clear.

25th. Wind at Weft, and Iharp.

26th. Wind South-weft) fine Weather.

27th. Wind South- weft, a frefti Gale, fine Weather.

28th. Wind North- welt with Snow, then fair, but
cold.

MARC U.

I ft. Wind North- wed, a frelli Breeze, fine
Weather.

2d.

• •'*.^tr*"

;r.
ir.

( 37)

ad. Wind Norih-wcft, a frclh Gale, with thick
Weather.

3d. The fame Wind, clear and (harp.

4th. The fame, clear Weather.

5th. Variable Wind, fine Weather.

6th. Wind South -weft, clear and Iharp.

7th. Wind North-weft, and ftiarp.

8th. Wind at W eft, fine clear Weather.

9th. Little Wind at eaft, fine clear Weather.

loth. Wind North- weft, fharp, afterwards moderate,

nth. Wind North-weft, firft Part ftiarp, then mild*

12th. Wind North-weft, then South- weft and mild.

13th. No Obfervation.

14th. Wind at North, with fome Snow.

1 5th. Wind at South, with fome Snow, but mild.

16th. Wind North, with Drift, and fharp, thenlefs
and clear.

17th. Wind at North- weft, with Drift, arid fharp.

18th. Wind North-weft, clofe and ftiarp.

19th. Little Wind, variable, and fine Weather.

20th. Wind South- weft, thawing, fine mild Wea-
ther, At Night freezing.

2 1 ft. Small Breezes, variable, fine and pleafant.

2 2d. Wind South eaft, fine and pleafant.

2 3d. Wind South- weft, a frefti Breeze, fine Weather.

24th. Variable Wind, fine pleafant Weather.

25th. Wind North-weft, with fome Snow.

26th. A fmall Breeze, fine and mild.

27th. Wind South-weft, a fine Thaw, Water on
the Ice in the Creek.

28th. A pleafant Thaw.

29th. Variable Breeze, fine and pleafaat.

30th. Some Rain, with clofe Weather.

31ft. Wind at North-CAft, clofe, mild Weather ; the
Frefti came down upon the Ice in the Creek eight
Inches deep.

APRIL.

R38) .1 .,

APRIL: > .

ift. The Frefli came down over the Ice two Feet

deep.
2d, Wind at North, with feme Snow.
3d. Wind at North, a ftrong Gale, freezing.
4th. Wind at North, at firft clear and Iharp, then

South, warm and clear.
5th. Small Breeze, fharp and clear;
6th. Wind at North-north- eaft, with Snow and

cold.
7th. No Obfervation.
8th. Variable and frefti, (harp weather.
9th. Variable and pleafant.
lOth: Wind North-north-eaft, moderate,
llth. Gentle Ibutherly Breezes, mild and thawing. ,
1 2th. Wind Eaft-north-eaft, frefli, moderate, and

clofe.
13th. Wind North-weft, a frefli Gale, with Snow

and Sleet. Weather uncertain.
14th. Wind at Eaft, fqually and uncertain.
15th. Fine Breezes, variable, warm and thawhig.
16th. The fame weather.
i;th. Wind South-weft, a fine Gale, thawing faft,
1 8th. Little Wind, variable, with fome Rain.
19th. Wind North north-caft, Rain and Snow, then

fine and pleafant.
20th. Wind North-eaft, uncertain, raw and cold.

Large Ice came down the Creel:
2 1 ft. Wind North-eaft, a frefli Gale, warm, and

thawing.
2 2d. Wind North-eaft, uncertain weather. Firft

Goofe kili'd.
23d. Wind North-eaft, a frefli Gale, clofe and plea-
fant. Frefli on the Ice fi^i Feet deep.

24th.

3'<

Snow

^, then
cold,
and
Firfi:
plea-
«4th.

( 3S )

2^th. Wind Nortih.ea(^, clofeand (harp, then^outln
Bne and pleafant. The Ice broke up ftom the
Bottom } Water 7 or 8 Feet deep upon the Ice.

25th. Wind Eaft, then Squth, fine (nUd we^ther«
6reat Ice co^nipg down,

26th. Wind South and variable, witK Snow.

27th. Frefli Breezes, raw and uncertain.

28th. Wind at North, with fome Snow, and cold,

29th. Wind North-eaft, fqually with Snow, freezing,

30th. Wind North to Eaft, dofci ftlarp weather.

,.../•::. M jr.

I ft. Wind North-eaft, moderate and Iharp^

2d. Variable and mild, then North-eaft, and Sharp;

3d. Wind North-eaft, raw and cold.

4th. Wind at North, a frefh Gale with Snaw.

5th. Wind North- weft. Snow and hard Froft.

6th. Wind at North, fharp Froft, then variable and

warm.
7th. South and South-weft, warm, then North and

North-weft, Hail and Rain, very cold.
8th. Wind North-eall, fair and fliarp, then Rain,"

Hail and Froft.
9th. Small variable Breezes, with Rain and Snow^

raw and cold,
loth. Variable with Snow, ;ill Noon, then calpi

and pleafant.
I ith. Wind Weft-South-weft, cloudy [and mild,

then fqually and colcl.
J 2th. A Gale at Eaft and cold, then Rain and Froft;
13th. A Gale at North, Rain, Sleet, Snow, and

Froft.
14th. A Gale at North and ftiarp, then calm and

mild pleafant weather.
]^5th. Wind North-North-eaft, fine and moderate

weather. Ice broke up in the River.

• 16th;

■■>.?

iji

;(Ur^«—

t i

(40)

i6ih. Wind South-eaft, fine plcafant weather^
1 7th. Wind North-caft, a fmall Breezy mild, warm

and clear.
1 8th. Wind South-;caft to Norih-eaft, fine and

pleafant. • «■ *•

19th; Wind North-ca(V, clear but cold. -

20th. Wind North-eaft, fome Snow, and cold.
2 1 (I. A Gale at £a(t, and Kaft-north-eaft, Sleet and

Snow.
.?2d. The fame Weather,

23d. Wind at North, a frefti Breeze, clofe weather,
24th. Variable , then at North, fine and pleafant.
25th. Wind North-eaft, clofe weather.
26th. Wind South to South-eaft, clofe and fqually. »
27th. A Gale at Weft by North, with Rain ia

. Squalls.
28th. A Gale at North -weft, clofe weather.
2c|th. Wind Noith-weft, fqually and Sleet, then

moderate.
30th. Wind from North-weft to North-eaft, thea

South, fine weather,
jift. Wind South- weft, fine warm weather,

JUNE.

ift. Wind North weft, a hard Gale withRairi.

2d. Will 1 North- weft, Sleet ami Snow.

3d. Wind North-eaft to Eaft, clear, tiicn foggy.

4th. Wind at South, warm wcither.

5th. Wind South- well, lo Noi'ih-weft, moderate,

thin fqualJy.
6th. A Gale at Norf .'nweft, Sleet and Rain, fqually,
7rh. V.'ind Eafterly, i Bree/.e, tine weather.
8th. A Breeze at ^ . h-wcft, hot weather.
9th. \ frcfti Ga! r- North-caft.
loth. Variable, luliry, and hot weather.

»■

'J.

\ \

•^—-'^^mtnmxff

\l\^

( 41 )

tith. Winid Weft-South-\/cft, then North-eaft,
fbme Rain*

1 2th. From North-eaft, to South-eaft, cold and raw.

J 3th. From North, to North-eaft, Squalls, then

moderate.
14th. Moderate, then frelh, with Rain.
15th. Wind at Eaft, fine Weather.
1 6th. Wind from Eaft to North-eaft, pleafant

Weather.
. 17th. Wind at Eaft, fine Weather.
1 8th. The fame.

19th. Wind South-eaft, fine warm Weather,
20th. No Obfervation.
lift. Variable and calm.
2 2d. Variable and calm, extreme hot.
23d. A Breeze at Weft, then a ftrong Gale, then

moderate.
24th. Light Airs, variable. Thunder. Sail'd from

Stotf^ River y Lat. *5 7° 27. Long. 92° 3. Weft

from London.
25th. A Bfeeze at North-weft, then S(jualls, fom«

Rain.
26th. Light Breezes at North-weft, fawfomelce.
27th. A frefh Breeze, from South, to Weft-north-
weft, off Cape Churchily in Lat. 59. Long. 93°.

Weft.
18th. Variable, fair and clear.
29th. Fair and clear, then cloudy and hazy.
30th. Variable, fmall Breezes, j^Part foggy and

cloudy, fome Rain<

y u L r.

I ft. Uncertain Weather, Part clear, Part cloudy,
2d. Breezes, little Wind, then a Gale.
3d. Fine Weather, then a hard Gale. Set 10 Miles
South of his Reckoning, he believed from an Tnlet,

F . 4^J^«

■■^t§

:,.«! >

J 1 fx

y-i

•rW^

\ {

(

)

' »

1( 42 )
4th. A Gale at North-weft, with Squalls, then fin^

Weather,
^th. Light Breezes, fine Weather. .. -

^th. Culm, fine Weather,
yth. Warm, calm Weather, o^ Marble IJlandy ia

Lat. 62° 48' 037 Weft from Nelfon River.
8th. A tVefh Breeze at North- weft, fine Weather,
9th. Variable fine Weather. . • ■ '• 1

joth. Squally, then moderate. ,- "'

iith. Small Wind, fine Weather.
12th. Frclh BreezL% fine Weather,
igdi. Variable, fine Weather.
14th. Breezes, fine Weather, SailM fi'om MarhU

JJland.
1 5th. A fi-efti Bret ze, variable.
1 6th. Little W ind, then irefti Breezes, clear,
1 7th. Light Breezes, vVeather changeable.
1 8th. Light Breezes, Tart clear. Fart ioggy,
19th. Ahiioft calm, with Fog.
20th. Light Breezes, uncercain Weather.
2ifl.. Variable light Airs, and calm, and cleaf^
2 2d. Small Breezes, fine ..nd clear.
23d. Variable, and calm, hazy.
24th. The fame.

25th. Light Breezes, fine and clear.
26[h. Light Wmds and hazy, thenaBreeze, clear.
27th. Frelh, then moderate and hazy. OS Cape

Dobbs^ in Lat. 64' 55— 88' 42' Weft,
28th. Ligi.t Breezes, with Fog.
29th. Light Breezes, fine clear Weather. He makes

Caps Dobbs, I'owin 65° 29' Lat. and 84° 37'Long,

Well trom London.
30th. Calm going into IVager.
3iii. Wind South-tall, fair and cloudy. In Douglas

Harbour^ in 6^" 49 Lat. 88^ 39' Long. Weft.

AU-

.■.St.-

hen finp

liver.
eather.

Marhk

■ ■ A.

clear.

: makes
7'Long.

Douglas

. ( 43 )

. AUGUST. ':''-'■

i ft:. Little Wind, variable, then frefli, theft moderate

and clear.
2d. Wind South-weft, a fine Breeze and clear, then

North- weft, fine and clear. - - - - . ,

3d. Light Breezes, fine weather, then a frefh Gale,

fome Rain
4th. Part fqually, Part moderate.
5th. A frefh Gale at North-weft, clear.
%6th. Freih Gales, ' ieet and Snow,
^rh. Frefh Gales, fair and cloudy,
8th. A frefh Breeze at North, then moderate.
9th. Variable, clofe, and fome Rain. ^' ' '"

loth. A Gale from North-north- weft, to North by

Eaft, cloudy and hazy. \

nth. A hard Gale, cloudy, fome Rain.
1 2th. Wind at North, fqually. " ^"^

'13th. Little Wind, at North, variable.
14th. Fine Northerly Breezes. Cloudy.
'15th. Frefli Breeze and fqually. Sailed from D0U*

glas Harbour.
'!6th. Variable and fqually. * * - 7 " ! /
1 7th. Fine Weather, fmall Breezes.
18th. A hard Gale, Squalls, with Rain, then mo-
derate ar.d clear.
19th. Frefh Gale and Clear, then ,a ftrong Gale and

fhort Sea.
20th A ftrong Gale and clear, then moderate and

clear.
2 1 ft. Light Breezes, fair and clear, then calm and

clear.
2 2d. Frefti Gale and clear, then cloudy and Rain.
23d. A ftrong Gale, clofe and hazy. Sleet.
24th. Moderate, variable and cloudy.
25th. A Frefti Gale, hazy, then a frefti Breeze and

cloudy.

V 2 "^ . 26th.

■si ^

, If

!.»,..i!*'»""*-

(44)

ft^th. Moderate Breezes, cloudy, then a hard Galej
Sleet and Snow, then lefs and cloudy.

27th. A frefh Breeze, cloudy, then lefs and clear.

28th. Frelh Breeze and clear, then little Wind,
variable, with fine Weather.

29th. Frefh Breeze and clear, then little and hazy,
then calm and Fog.

30th. A fine Breeze, fine mild Weatner,

31ft. Small Breezes, and fine Weather.

SEPTEMBER.

ill. A fine Breeze and clear, then a frefh Gale and

clofe.
2d. Little Windst and calm, then a frefh Breeze

and hazy.
3d. A frefh Breeze, then a flrong Gale and hazy.
4th. A ftrong Gale, then moderate, drifling Rain.
5th. Moderate, with thick Fog, then frefh. *

^th. Little Winds, cloudy, then a frefh Breeze with

fmall Rain.
7th. Little Wind, with fmall Rain, then a Breeze;

uncertain Weather.
8 th. Little Winds, hazy, then a Breeze.
9th. A Frefh Gale, foggy and ha2y. Got out of

Hud/on' s Streight,

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