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Les diegrammes suivsnts illustrent la mOthoda. 1 2 3 6 Miatocorv ibmution tbt chait (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) A -APPLIED IIVMGE 1653 East Main Strett Rochester. New York 14609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288-5989 -Fax ■ 1-^ lltj DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Jhdrj uid Cold Storage Gomminioaer't Bnuoh OTTAWA, CANADA A HEPOKT SOxME TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF ^'old ©toi-ao-e A.pples CY J. A. RUDDICK Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner W i BUT.T.ETIN^ No. 24 Dairy and C ' Storage Series t published by direction of the Hon. SYDNEY A. FISHER, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa. Ont. JUNE. lUlO 4074—1 11 i 1 aft V i.ii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Ottawa, June 22nd, 1910. Tu the Honourable The Miniater of Agriculture. Sir— I have the honour to submit a report of the trial cold storage of applet authorized by you last autumn. The information should be of interest to fruit growen and dealers, and I beg to recommend that it be printed for distribution as Bulletin No. 24 of the Dairy and Cold Storage Series. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. A. RUDDICK, CommMMoiMr. 4074— 2J A REPORT OM SOME TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF COLD STORAGE APPLES, By J. A. Ruddick. r INTRODL'CTIOX. During receipt yean the amount of frostproof storage space for applet hat been largely increased throughout the apple growing sectionii of Canada. The followinK statistics relating to tuch storage have been collected by this office: »\lai for that purpoaa laat aatunn. Tba high prieaa which prorailad nt ^atima tbaaa applaa were purebaaad, and tha weak market which ruled aftarwardf>. ptavanted na from ahowing a profit on all tha applea handled; but fruit growera and ahippara who ttaAj the figurea which are lubmitted herein will be able to draw aoin«> aonduaiona from the net prices which were realiaed, bearing in mind that, while th* balanea it on the wrong aide of tba ledger in moat eaaea, the net loaaea, where they oeonr, would have been much greata? if the applaa had not been cold stored. Tba two carloads grown in Elgin County, Ontario, consisting of Spies, Baldwin.^ and Greenings, were stored at London, with the expectation of selling them during tba apring in the Ontario marketa. It turned out. howerer, that the marketa wem orarloadad witb ordinary storage stock, and for that reason they were shipped t Calgary. In regard to the lota grown in Ontario County and stored at Oshawa, Ifontreal and St. John, the original plana for disposal were carried out. A tendency to early decay waa a marked feature of the apple crop of 1909, ami tbia la a point tbat should not be lost sii^t of in considering the results of these triaU, particularly in regard to the preaenration of the apples. Tba applea purchased were the ordinary commercial packs of different growers aa represented by The Oshawa Fruit Growers, Limited, and The Sparta Co-operative Fruit Growera' Association. In praaenting the results of these trials we have taken each shipment separatelv ahowing the net returns against the total cost, including freight and storage change- and the ezpanaea of membara of the staff in looking after the packing and shipment These coata an neceaaarOy much higher than they would be in a regular commercial tranaaotion, where careful recorda and notea are not necessary. It w4a thou^t advisable to hare one carload of applea held in an ordinary frost proof storage for the aake of compariaon. These applea were from the same orchard^ and packed by the same persona aa the apples stored at Montreal and St. John With the exception of loM 1 and 2, the applea were carried in cold storage across the Atlantic, and the two ^ 'gary lots were shipped in refrigerator cars. All the apiOes carried in cold -.toiub. Acre held at a temperature of 32 to 84 degrees during the whole storage period. Lot 1.— ilpp/« in harrtU $iored at Othawa, Ont.. in fri$t proof warehouse. Picked— October 26-80. Packed — Norember 22-23. Stored — Kovember 22-28. Shipped from Oshawa— February 24. " " St. John— March 2. 1 «*«1»- 1 Total ChargM. Ni Praeaada. NHiow perBrl. 24 !!• 21 20 No. 1 Spy n 2 '. 1 Baldwin.. M 2 tl • 8.67 340 4.39 8.77 • 88.11 64.00 106.86 76 42 $ 84.08 26.70 86.04 29.40 • 54 08 87.81 70.32 47 02 • 1.73 0.03 0,01 031 .'>uacd ! Id repMlcinff. ^ 333.49 124.31 200.18 !».> A thermograph was placed in the warehouse along with the apples and a continuous Irecordof tempt i-aturs was obtained For the first '^ days the temperature was between |40 and 42 degrees. During the following montli . ,''eraged about 86 degrees and from ■that time until the apples were shipped, it varr only between 82 and 34 degrees. |The teinoerature in the car from Oshnwa to St. Jobn held steadily at 32 degrees. The<.8 apples were repacked before '..'pping. the shrinkage being 5 barrels In 92. jThK.-y were sold at the same t''me as lot , but under separate marks. Although no ■charge for storage is included j \ the toUii cost of this lot, the net loss was greater ■than in any other lot of the sautt. apples. This was partly due to the loss and expense lin repacking and partly to a poor market, but if these apples had been held longer [before sale, the loss would in all probability have been greater. Our cargo inspector at Glasgow, Mr. Jas. Findlay. reporting on this lot, stated: ' This mark, while in very fair order as a whole, were mostly slight ' shakes ' and the Ifruit was rather ripe and inclined to give way." .le also mentions that the Baldwins I showed considerable scald. _ IM! i i;^ Lot 2. — Applet in hatrelt $U>red at St. John, N.B., in cold storage. Picked (Baldwins)— October 25 -30. « (Spies)— November 1-P Packed (Spies)- November 2-5. " (Baldwins)— November 6-9. Stored at St. John — November 15. Shipped to Glasgow — ^March 2. i ! I •: s : i^ I ill 6 COST. No. BtU. 45 40 W 80 Variety. 166 No- 1 Spy .... •I 2 1. .... II 1 Baldwin. II 2 I, Purchaiie Price. 3.76 2.76 3.26 2.60 Amount. Cost of opening examining and! tiffhteninfr I brU. before ahipment. 168,75 110.00 130.00 75.00 483.75 Storage charges. Total co»t. 2.92 2.«iO 2.(iO 1.95 10.07 11.25 10.00 10.00 7.50 38.75 182. '.t2 122 (ill 142 UO 8* 45 532 Ol PROCEEDS. Sold by Simons, Jacobs & Co., Glasgow, March 15, 1910, ex ss. Cassandra from I St. John, N. B. No. Brli^. Variety. 44 40 40 30 I No. 1 Spy II 2 „ II 1 Baldwin. . ti 2 154 1 u-6.80 58.4.1 42.90 222.83 Net Proceeds. 136.40 87.20 127.95 74.10 N.-t li... IK-r I'rl. 1 .Ki O.Vi 11.34 425.65 Note.— The freight from Oshawa to Glasgow via St. .Tolin, X.B., worked out at $1.02 perl barrel and the broker's charges for insurance, landing, delivering, etc., at 21 cei;ts pe: The usual 5 per cent commission was charged. barrel. This lot was from the same orchards as lot 1. It included two marks, " A " anj " B." The A's were carefully packed, to avoid, if possible, the necessity of repacking. The packing of the B's was in accordance with the usual practice and was intendei to be temporary, with a view to repacking. The condition of both marks was found to be so good on March 1st that it u- , decided to ship them as they were, after " plugging " the slack barrels. Only one barrel was used to plug 154. It was thought that the damage from repacking the B\^ wouli amount to more than the possible unevenness of the original temporary pack. It wii! be observed that this lot shows a better return than lot 1, after charging tlie coli storage expenses. It should be remembered that lot 1 and lot 2 %^re p.icked alike, that lot 1 m> repacked before shipment, with a shrinkage of 5 barrels in 92, and that lot 2 (in cold storage) was not repacked, one barrel in 155 being used for plugging. Lots 1 and 2 were carried as ordinarj' cargo across the Atlantic at a temperature of about 40 degrees. Mr. Findlay reported as follows concerning lot 2: — ' The apples in above steamer shipped by the Departmerit of Agriculture, branded ' Oshawa Fruit Growers' Association.' I found on arrival to be in the following con- j ditioQ : — " Spy No. 1 and 2 grade, countrrmarked ' A,' were in good, sound condition, almost i free from bruise spota. I saw (several of the bottoms of barrels of No. I's and they all were very sound; the colour was good, the size even, and they were generally choice. The Baldwins No. 1 and 2 of this mark were also in good condition, free from scald, and of good colour and even size. " Spy No. 1 and 2 count'^rmarked ' B ' were also in good condition, but fruit not so even, large and smaller apples being mixed. A trace of bruising was just showing on odd apples throughout the barrels, and colouring was not so even or good. Bald- wins No. 1 and 2 were in pood condition, an odd apple here and there j^howing ' brown ' in the barrels; otherwise, fruit was clean and of very fair colour genernlly." SALE OF LOTS 1 AKD 2 COMPARED. Lot 1 Frost Proof Storage. I»t 2 Cold .Storage. Variety Storagp Period. Temperature. Net Loss Per Brl. Storage Period. Temp. deg. 32 II H M Net LoRH r.r Brl. Difft-renee per Brl. in f.'ivrir of Orade. Cold Kturage after |>aying St Tuecharge of a.'icperbl. Froat proof «tVge Spy No. 1 " " 2 Baldwin Xol .. ■ 2 Nov. 22 1909 to Feb. 24 1910. About 40 deg. tirst fortnight ; about 34 deg. 2nd fortnight and about 35 deg. for balance of period. • 1.73 .92 .61 21 Nov. 18 1909 to Mch. 2 1910 • 1.03 .8-t .36 .34 .70 .04 .25 t .13 Note.— The apples ex Oshawa frost proof storage were shipped on February 24th and during the six days the car was in transit to St. John the temperature in the car remained steadily at 32 degrees. Lot 3. — Apples in barrels stored at St. John, N.B., in cold storage. Picked (Baldwins)— October 26-30. " (Spies) — November 1-5. Packed (Spies) — November 2-5. " (Baldwins)— November 6-9. Stored at St. John — November 15. Shipped to Glasgow — April 13. COST. i No. Brlfi. Variety. Purchase price. Amount. Cost of opening examining ft tightening brls. before shipment. Storage charges. Total 0O8t. 43 20 48 3(t 141 o. Sdv t 3.75 2.75 3 25 2.50 • 161.25 65 00 156.00 75.00 t 3.76 1.75 4.20 2.C2 t 10.75 5.00 12.00 7.60 35.25 t 175.76 61.75 " Bal lw!n 172.20 It ■> II 86.12 447 25 12.33 494.83 4074—2 I i * 1" \ i 4 m I PS0CEKD8. Sold by Simons, Jacobs & Co., Glasgow, April 26, 1910, ex. m. Cauandra from "t John, N.B. No BrU. Variety. Average price ■old for. tirun proceed*. Total charges. Net prtweeda. NetloM per brl. Net protit per brl. 43 20 48 30 NalSpy "2 » IBalfiwin... 11 2 " ... t 6.00 4.79 4.76 4.36 t 216.90 !)6.H8 230.65 131.74 $ 73,09 33.80 81.01 00.03 t 143.81 63.08 149 64 81.71 • 0.74 6! 47 O.U 9 6]67 141 676.17 237. M 438.24 Nam. — These apples were shipped in cold storage and the through freight from Oshawa to Ulasgow averaged $1.27 jier barrel. Broker's charges for landing, delivering, etc., were 18 cents per barrel. Commission 5 per cent. This lot was the same as lot 2, but was 'shipped six weeks later. There was no re- packing, although it was originally intended to repack the barrels countermarked "B." The shipment was carried from St. John to Glasgow in cold storage at a temperature of 34 degrees. Simons, Jacobs & Co., the consignees, reported that " the Spies were deciilelly ■pent, those marked ' B ' much more so than those marked ' A.' The Baldwini; were decidedly very scalded." The net returns, however, were better than they were for lots 1 and 2, because of the improved market, owing to the fact that ordinary storage apples were practically done. Lot 4. — Apples in harreU purchased at Oshawa, Oni., eold storage. Picked— October 25-30. Packed — October 28-Noveml>er 16. Stored at Montreal (1st car) — November 5. Stored at Montreal (2nd car) — November 20. Shipped to Glasgow — May 6. COST. and stored at Montreal in No. BrU. Variety. Purchase piice. Amount. Freight to Montreal. 9 29.34 19.69 28.70 19.69 . General expenses. Storage charges. Total f )8t. eo GO 88 60 NalSpy 11 2 " " 1 Baldwin.. "2 " 1 3.76 2.76 3.26 2.60 9 337.50 165.00 286.00 150.00 9 13. C5 9.06 13.36 9.05 9 60.18 33.46 49.06 33.45 s 4»).r,7 227 09 i" n 212 011 298 938. 50 97.22 45.10 1C6.14 1,24C96 9 PBOCEEDS. Sold by Simons, Jacobs & Co., Olasgow, May 17 and 18, 1910, ex. os. Ionian from Ifontreal. No. BrU. Variety. Average price ■old for. OrosK pr.x.-eedii. Toti«l Churget. Net prticecds. Net per brl. 89 58 88 NolSpy " 2 " . . . . " 1 Baldwin*.'.*..*.!!!!! 9 6.06 5.26 4.43 9 5-8.79 2 Uysci in pIugKing barrels before shipment. 295 3 298 1,531.00 4;{5.48 1.0!>j.52 Note.— These apples were carried in cold stori.g- in the steamer and the freight rate from Montreal to Glasgow was $1.03 per barrel; bioktr's chargea 18 cents per barrel and commission 5 per cent. This lot was stored at Montreal to test the possibility of holding apples at that point for shipment by the St. Lawrence route in the spring. Like Lot 3, it consisted of two marks, " A " and " B." The A's were carefully packed and the B's were intended for repacking. Both marks were shipped without repacking, pads being placed in the tail of each barrel. Three barrels were uaed for plugging the other 295. The Spies were reported to be past their best and the Baldwins to be "scalded" at the time they were sold in Glasgow. These apples were packed by several growers in the vicinity of Oshawa and showed considerable variation in quality and packing. Each variety and grade was kept separate for the purpose of sale, and the prices obtained at auction ranged from J5 shillings a barrel up to 28 shillings for the Spies, and from 15 to 23 shillings for Baldwins. The lower prices were for a few barrels catalosnied as " slack." Some of the fruit was of very ordinary quality ajid showed the effects of rough handling in many skin punctures. Attention is drawn to the delay which occurred between picking and storing. The continued ripening which was thus permitted was undoubtedly the chief reason why these apples were out of condition when they were shipped. Lot 5. — Apples in boxes pnrchos d at Oshawa, Oni., and stored at St. John, N^., in cold storage. Picked (Baldwins)— October 25-30. " (Spies) — November 1-5. Packed (Spies) — November 2-5. " (Baldwins) — November 6 — 9. Stored at St. John, November 15. Shipped to Glasgow — April IS CX)ST. Nu. Boxes. Variety. Purchase Price. Amount. Storage Charges. Total Cost 110 113 No. 1 Spy II 1 Baldwin. . t 1 35 1.25 $ 148 .-50 141.25 289.75 $ 11 00 11 30 $ 1.59. .50 152.55 223 22.30 312.06 ; ft- 1 1 i\ i t 10 PROCEEDS. Sold by R. & W. Davidson, Glasgow, April 26, 1910, ex as. Cataa.tdra from St. John, N.B. No. Boxes. Variety. Avera^ Price Sold For. OroM Proceed*. Total Charge*. I Net ! N^ Proceed.. • ^.^^ j pro tit per iKix. 108 Na 1 Spy . . H 1 Baldwin P8 Spy used by to fill up alack $ 2.16 1.84 coniignee boxes. t 233.04 208 35 $ 66.95 66.20 • 167.09 142.15 $ t 0.07 113 0.09 221 2 box 223 441.39 132.16 309.24 Note.— The inland freight rate from Oshawa to St. John averaged 10 c«nts per box ; tht ocean freight rate (including cold storage i 26^ cents per box; dues and landing charKcs 3) cents per box ; store rent and insurance .>unt. to Montreal. Greneral Expenses. Storage Charges. 9 21.27 20.90 Total Cost. 115 IW No. 1 Spy II 1 Baldwin.. 1 1.35 1.26 9 $ 155 25 12.65 14125 j 12.4;< 2!t6.50 25 08 9 5.75 5.65 9 i8U 23 228 11.40 42.17 S-u.lS ^^L 11 PBOOEKOe. Sold by R. & W. Davidson, Glasgow, May 17 and 18, 1910, ex. ss. Ionian from Montreal. No. BOXFIH. , I Average Variety. ! Price ; Sold for. •117 •108 22S No. 1 .Spy " 1 Baldwin. t 1.70 1.7« Grww Proceed*. 209.02 IW) 41 Total : Net Net LoM Charge*. ' Proceed*. ! per Box. 3 uiedl by conttigneo to ill slack boxes. i .'Oil.W iV).82 r,\ 40 II 17.22 1B3.20 139.01 2JI2.21 228 0.% 36 shipp^'** account sales show fire boxes Spy more and five boxes Baldwins less than wera Note.— The ocean freight from Montreal to Glasgow in cold storage areraged 27 cents per box; broker 8 charges for dues and landing, etc.. Si cents per box. store rent and insuranea h cents per box and comniission 3 per cent. The only difference in the handling of Lots 6 and 6 was that Lot 5 was stored at St. John, N.B., while Lot 6 was stored at Montreal and was shipped three weeks later by the first sailing for Glasgow via the St. Lawrence. The Spies in Lot 6 were reported as being overripe and a number of the boze% were wasty. Three boxes of Spies were used to fill up the others. It is evident that the?e apples were kept past the period of their best condition, and it is quite probable that better prices would hnve been realized if they had been sold a month earlier. The 'nest of the Spies ^old from 8 shillings to 9 shillings and 6 pence per box. but a number of wasty boxes sold nt 3 shillings and 4 pence to 5 shillings and 10 pence, which reduced the avernge price for the lot. The Baldwins kept well and wore sold as originally packed at 7 to 8 shilling per box. TiOTS 7 AND 8. — Apples in barrels and boxes grown near Sparta, Elgin County, Oni., and stored at London, Onf., in cold storage. f Vftripty. ricked. Pack.d. Stored. ■ (< • ■rceningti (Bo.xes) . . Hiildwins (Boxe.>i) . (Barn-Is).. •Spies (Boxes)... (Barreln).. ( )ct<>lier 2-6 25-2S 27-2« 2r>-28 27-28 (Mi.V^T 4-6 25-2H '27 28 26-2S 27-28 Jctobtr 8 November 1 10 1 10 One small lot of Spies and Baldwins in boxes was net stored until November 10. \l I IS Lot 7. No. Pkga. Brl«. 16 16 37 69 BOXM. 1(<9 10 10 219 Variety. No. 1 Greening. ISpT 1 Baldwin. ISpy 2 I 2 Baldwin. Purchaae Price. 1 30 ISO ISO 3.00 3.00 300 Amount 268.70 13.00 18.00 48.00 48.00 111.00 Freight to I London. 10.94 .66 .56 2.40 2 40 665 491 70 j 22 39 Date Stored. 1909. Oct. 8 Nov. 1 10 10 10 10 10 Storage Charges to April 14, 1910. 5." 72 . no 2.00 9.60 9.60 22.20 General Expa. • 15.92 .80 .80 384 3.84 8.88 Total Coat. $ 341. 2S 16. r. 16 3.-) 63 H4 63 •<4 147.ii:i 10!. 12 34.08 i 64!> •»» PROCEEDS. Sold to the Calgary Milling Company, Calgary, Alta. from London, April 14, 1910, via C. P. R. Shipped in an iced ca ur No. Pkga. Brb. 16 16 37 69 Boxes. 199 10 10 219 Variety. No. Spy. Baldwin. . Price F. O. B. Calgary. Greening. .1 Spy I Baldwin. . . > 1.75 2.00 2.00 6.60 5.75 5.75 Proceeds. f 348.25 20.00 20.00 96.00 92.00 212.75 Freight, Icing, Cartage. Net Proceeds. Net Lo«8 l>er Pkg. 132.33 6.65 6 65 32.00 32.00 73.97 215.92 13.36 13.36 64.00 60.00 138.78 0.63 .30 .30 .24 .24 7t2 316. ■«? I&5.t2 38 344 j 561.20 24.61 109.48 36.64 731. !« IS ptoonos. Sold to the Calgary MiUing Company, Calgary, Alta. London, May 12, 1910. Shipped in an iced car from No. Pkg>. iBrltBuxn Variety. PriM F. O. B. Oalgaiy. OroM Prooeeds. Freight, loiny k Cartaffv. Net Procredi. Net L(M« r*r Pkg. 4 No. 1 Greeniiur 151 .. 1 Spy . . 7^. I m „ I Baldwin . . 138 " 1 „ 38 Mi 1.75 2.35 2.25 6.75 354 85 425.26 218.50 1005 CO Net Profit per Pkg. 2..^5 ()6 33 120. (i6 72.66 292.20 4 45 j 2.58.52 ' 304. 5t» 145.84 713.40 0.(>4 "oe' 2B o!6i H -Ati^riltT" ""'' ' "'^^ ' " ^•^"^ ^'^^ ' ^" '"^'^^ »"^ '^'^ ^-* It will be observed that these apples were stored on different dates from October 18 to NovemberlOth. The boxed apples, with the exception already noted, were in CO d storage withm two to six days from the time they were picked, but there was a rieliy of nearly two weeks in the storing of the barrels. This difference is important pnd will be referred to again. The Spies and Baldwins were well ripened, well matured and well coloured, as ifould be expected from the dates on which they were picked. They were left on the trees rather later than usual. The Greenings were rather small, but well matured. Tlie packing was well done and every box or barrel was sold as originally packed, sithout any plugging or padding. Of course, it must be remembered that these apples wre packed with some care, so as to avoid the necessity of repacking. In that sense •hey differed from those packed at Oshawa, part of which it was intended to repack. V -n vf' ^- ^*" "dipped to Calgary in a refrigerator car consigned to Mr. M. P. leNeill, Dominion fruit inspector, who received instructions to dispose of the apples best advantage. v,\j found that we were not able to get a f - bid for the apples at hat date until prospective purchasers had had an opportunity of examining them fhe car was sold to The Calgary Milling Company at the following prices, delivered ^t Calgary; Greenings $1 75 per box. Spies 2 00 " " Baldwins ". 2 OO " " Spies, No. 1 6 00 per barrel. " " 2 5 75 " « Baldwins, No. 2 5 75 " « Inspector McNeill reported as follows : — "The apples were in fine condition, especially the boxes, and No. 1 Spies in ^•rrels. I was surprised at the Greenings being so good." The following paragraph in reference to these apples is taken from The Calgary ^Ihertan of !liay 3rd. 'The first experiment in shipping Ontario apples in cold storage to western [anada was made last week and was so successful that it will be continued. A car load apples were despatched from cold storage in London, by J. A. Ruddick, Cold Storago ommissioner, to M. P. McNeill, of Calgary, fruit inspector of this city. The apples I' I ' 't^l Ill I t A were in coM storage until they reached Calgary, and arrived in practically perfect condition. The car load wai quickly sold to a local grocery, and are being retailed rapidly throu^out the city. " The apples are high grade and are quite as good aa though just picked from the trees. The experiment was so satisfactory that succeeding cars will b« brought in." Inspector McNeill wrote on June 18th as follows: — " The Calgary Milling Company sold 100 boxes of the Greenings from the fint car (t^hich nrrired April 23rd) to the Canadian Pacific Bailway Dining Car Depsn- ment and thev (The Calgary Milling Company) still have 25 of these boxes iu thtir cellar.^ Ii v-as hard for me to believe until I saw them, that they would be in good condition. They are quite sound yet, although somewhat rusty (scalded), but odIt skin deep." Lot 8 left London in en iced oar c t May 12th and reached Calgary in about ter days' time. They had been sold to The Calgary Milling Company, on the strengtli of the previous shipment, at the following prices : Greenings, No. 1 $1 76 per box. Spies " 1 2 35 " " Baldwins " 1 2 26 " " " 1 6 76 per barrel. On May 30 The Calgary Milling Company wrote as follows : — '* The apples reached us in good condition and gave good satisfaction, with tit exception of the barrels. We do not think it would be advisable to hold barrels for | shipment in the spring." The sale of this lot closed out the last of the apples which were purchased in tie 1 fall of 1909. The transaction in both lots shows a loss except with the Spies in barrels in Lot j 7 and the boxed Spies in Lot 8, but there were several things in connection with tlu | total cost of these apples which should not be overlooked. The storage charge at London was very high, averaging for Lot 7 28 cents per I box for Greenings,* 20 cents per box for Spies and Baldwins, and 60 cents per bami for Baldwins. Allowing a more reasonable charge of, say, 18 cents per box and 60 cents per I barrel, and eliminating the " general expenses " (travelling expenses of ofllcers of tl» | department), the net loss on the boxed apples would be reduced to the following figiirw; Greenings, 46c. per box; Spies and Baldwins, 20c. per box. On the barrelled ?tod| there would be the following profit: No. 1 Spy, 35c. per barrel; No. 2 Spy, 10c. per barrel ; No. 2 Baldwin, 10c. per barrel. Making the same allowance on Lot 8, the statement would read as follows :- Loss on Greenings, 42c. per box; profit on Spies, 17c. per box; profit on Baldwins. | 8c. per box and 19c. per barrel. • The Greenings were stored earlier than the Spies and Baldwin^:. u SUMMARY. NET PRICES REALIZED. AMuming that the Oshaw. apples had been handled by the original owners, thus I umg the charge for the expense, of members of the staff in attending to the purchase. Picking and shipment of the different lot., the net prices, f.o.b. Oshawa would have been as follows : — VirieJy Mid Urade. Lot 1. .S^d Mnrcn 15. NVt Price Realized •t Onhawa. Lot 2. Sdid <3la»Kow March 15. i Net Price Rtvlixed at (Jsbawa. Spy No. 1 . . . . .( .. 2 . Bkldwin \u, 1 . Prr Brl. • 3.03 1.83 2.64 2.2» Per Brl. $ 2.73 1.87 289 2.16 Lot 3. .Sold (tlaHgiiw AprifaU. Net Price Kealized at Onhawa. Per Brl. • 3.01 2.82 2.78 2SU J.,<>t ^. .Sold (ilasgow May 17- la Net Price RealiMd at Oahawa. Per Brl. i 3.46 1 90 2.75 1.96 I»t .'). 8old Glaasuw April 26. Net Price Realixed at Ohawa. Per Box. $ 1.42 ' ' "l.W liot 6. I , ^^ I (tlMgOW May 1718. Net Price Kealixed at Oithawa. Per Box. O.tH) Hit NoTi.-Lot 1 was stored at Oshawa in frost proof storage and no charge has been made barrel°T'* w«Mt?rll' TxY ^*°"f *' ^V."'"^" *" cold storage at a cof^ of 25 ceSts per ,^Z}:^l * T"* f*°J^. 'J Montreal m cold storage at a cost of 56 cento per barrel; lot 5 I «S.i ?* '*?'i;^/* St. John in cold storage at a cost of 10 cents per b^. and lo 6 at I Montreal m cold storage at a cost of 19 cents per box. »- . « The cold storage rates at London, Ont., were rather excessive. A season rate of 50 cents per barrel or 18 cents per box is about the usual charge. If the charge for storage is reduced to the above figures and if the local freight to London and the expenses of members of the staff are eliminated, the net prices realized for the Sparta apples would be as follows: — Variety ami Graiie. Lot 7. 1 fnin April nth. lUlO. Net Price at S|>arta. Per Brl. Gre<>ning Xo. 1 Spy X„. 1 Baldwin Xo. 1 .. 2. 3. no 3.25 3.25 Lot 8. lipiied May 12th. 11)10. Net Price at Sparta. Per Box. 91 i. 1.16 . i'lG'T Ptr Brl. 3..;,i' Per Box. 'M 1 53 l'« This puts the deal on a level with what it would have been if the apples had been handled by the original owners in a cold storage warehouse at Sparta, at the usual storage rates. i ! raotTraoor vi. oolo vkuml Tb« only actual compariion of Um two kindi of itorage in th«M trial* is bet«e«a Lota 1 and 2. All tha applaa were from the aama orchards and packed by the isim paopla and were sold at the same time. For the first six weeks the temperature in the frostproof warehouse was frcu thrcf to ten degrees too high, but after that it was equiTslent to cold storage. (See psfi 7). The difference in the storage temperature as between Lot 1 and Lot 2 wug not very great, and yet it was sufficient to cause a noticeable difference in ti^e keeping of the apples, in favour of Lot 2 (cold storage). The difference would have been mow marked if Lot i had been placed in cold storage promptly after picking. Every retuk in these experiments points to the importance of immediate storing after picking. I; '} ! ! M 1, KABLT TS. LATE PIOKINa. Special tests were made with Spies and Greenings to determine the effect of earir and late picking. There was a difference of two weeks between the two pickingj. Needless to say, the later picked apples had the better colour and appearance. A careful test of the keeping quality of these apples, picked from the same t-w a« different dates, was rnade by removing sample boxes from the cold storage on April 4th and keeping them at ordinary room temperatures at this office. They were examined from time to timv and it wae found that the late picked Spies showed rather the better keeping quality, although the difference was not very marked. The early picked Greenings were badly scalded when removed f.om cold storage, while the later picked ones were almost free from that defect. The later piclted Greenings kept rather better than the early picked ones. DELAYED V8 PROMPT COLO STOBIKG OF APPLES. The advantage gained by the prompt cold storing of applea after picking ii one of the most striking lessons to be drawn from the results of these trial?. There was a delay of two to three weeks between picking and storing of the apples purchased at Oshawa and stored at Montreal and St. John. The boxed apples pur chased at Sparta and stored at London were in cold storage within two to six dajs after they were picked, but there was a delay of twelve days in the storing of tie barre^^ed apples at London. All the apples stored at London kept very much better than Jiose stored at Montreal or St. John, although the conditions of storage were equally good at all three places. Accurate records of temperature were obtained witk Ircked thermographs throughout the whole storage period at each warehouse. Lot 8 of the apples stored at London were the last ones disposed of, and yet they were firmer and in better condition in every way than any of the other lots were at the time of sale, except Lot 7. The London apples showed evidence of greater care in picking and packin? which was a strong point in their favour; but, apart from t',at, they were much better preserved than the apples stored at Montreal and St. John. This point cannot be too strongly emphasized. It points to the advioalilitv of having the cold storage facilities for a.^ples located as near as possible to the point of production. COLD STORAGE AND REPACKING. Although the season was a rather unfavourable one, on account of the earh deterioration of the Spies, our experience in these trials points to the possibility and the practicability of shipping carefully packed winter apples, that have been promptiv '«.H-stored, without repacking. Jt would be an immense advantage to the apple trade if repacking could be dispensed with. EXTENDING THE SEASON FOR GREENh.OS. .«.J*v *r'*^ 7'''*"* *'"',^ *^* '''"■' '^"^'^ ^^^ G'eenings may be extended seven! weeks if the apples are well matured on the trees and placed in celd storage witloot IT wer« "parted trb«.oir.nd to «S^nU.° "'"»»*' o^ box^. ,to»d i„ , dUr would b« well to ffo .lowly in UMMB«tt« nf h„wfn '^ •'! *''* l'*" "^entionod. It .ea.on. Th. thi^ which deSiT fim .irin ' '"^ "•"'*' "'"''' »*" '»' '•«o»"i**» of th« applM M now iip^ «ttent,on i. «n improvement in tb« condition THE XEBPIKO yllAUTY OF AWU, COMWO OIT OP COLD .•mRAOE. f JL!?d7t7riS?T'i'ouYd";im\t'L"i" '?","""*• r''"'''-^ "'*" »•«'"« -"-«' limit i. n*.rly mehed fhCn"Zllv dll.^^^^^ '^'tf u' ^^"^ '"» '^'** ""*" »^ quickly than they wou d Sf thr.Im« .♦trrA''"'*'"^ Z^T """°''^' »'»» «» "O" any temperature ""• **"«* ''"'* ^" '^•*^''«<1 '" «'dinnry .torage at Or, .n other words, exposure to a high temperature j,Tafter picking ^hep tK ??« ACKNOWLEDGUEMTS. We are indebted to the manager, of The Londoi' Cold Storage Comparv Gould'. Cold Storage Montrea and The New Brunswick Cold Storage Smp^TaTst John for the careful and satisfactory manner in which these apple, were handkd We desire to acknowledge our obligations to Mr. J. A. Webster, of The Soarta L^!Lr'"-f"""'-''"°' '"^^ ^J- ^'™^' ^^'^' °^ The Oshawa Fruit Oroweis' Limited, for assistance in securing the apples for the experiments. Ihe author wishes to place on record an appreciation of the careful wo-k done by h.s ass^tant Mr. W W. Moore, who attended to the purchase of Ihe rnples aJS prepared the tables in this bulletin, and by Mr. P. J. Carey^ Dominion fruitTnsicto^^^ who supervised the packing of the apples bought at Sparta. inspector. ! i UST OF PUBLICATIONS or THB DAIRY AND COLO STORAQE COMMISSIONER'S SERIES. Dtto iMtitd. ■o 1906 1 1M0 •9 1M0 •8 1900 •4 1909 6 1906 6 1906 7 1906 8 1906 •9 i906 10 1906 11 i Titlt. lilt »f ioac Britiik &ip«rton of 7wm PndMto. Otre of Milk for OheeN Tactorioa. ) 8«p«rw6o4 by BvUttia Ou« of Milk for Creameries. ) Me. 98- 80010 FhMos of DairyiBf in Oonmark. ImproTomont of Dairy Herds. Chemioal iBTostigatioas BolatiBr to Dairying in 1904. List of Exporters of 8ome Canadian Prodnets. Some of the Factors that Control the Water Content of Batter. Instmotions for Testing IndiTidnal Cows, ete. Creamery Cold Storage. The Inspection and Sale Act, Part IX, as amended in 1907-8. (The Fruit Marks Act and Fruit Packages.) Kevised Edition. Cow Testing Auooiations, with Some Notes on the Sampling and Testing of Milk. Sweet-Cream Batter. Apparatus for the Determination of Fat and Water in Bntlvt. Gathered Cream for Bnttermaking. Snbsidies for Cold Storage Warehouses. (Superseded by Bulletin No. 83.) Buttermaking on the Farm. Co-operation in the Marketing of Apples. The Packing of Apples in Barrels and Boxes. The Use of Ice on the Farm. Beport of the Cow Testing Associations. The Cooling of Milk for Cheesemaking. Cold Storage and the Cold Storage Act. Beport of the Dairy Commissioner, January, 1905. to March, 1906. Beport of the Dairy and Cold Stor&ge Commissioner, 1907. Beport of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, 1808. Beport of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, 1909. Map Showing the ilocation of Cheese Factories and Creameries in Canada. 1906 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1907 1909 1909 1906 1907 1908 1909 1907 18 13 14 tl5 •16 17 •18 19 t20 •21 t22 23 Any of these publications will be sent free of charge on application to tlTe Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, Ottawa, Ont. •Out of print. +A sufficient number of bulletins 15, 20 and 22 will be sent to the manager of any cheese factory or crecmery to supply one to each patron.