IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // m ^ *.^ yM%' 1.0 t I.I 1.25 i^lilM 1125 14^ !1^ 20 R III 1.6 v] > "ry ^/,. JK ■;. '/ » Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 V % V ^^ \\ o^ %. "o" #. <> ^ H E T. A^ ]Sr ' S Improved Billiard Tables and Combination Cushions. l^ntented liv I.etters I'ntent., dated Fvh. 19. ISrxi ; OH. 28, 185*5 ; Ike. .'>, IS.^'v ; ./«)(. l'.>. 1K58 ; Nov. IC), 1858 ; nml Mnr. 29, 1859. For Sale only by O'CONKOR & COLLENDER, Bole Ma&ufacturen, 65, W if 69 Crosby Street^ JTtw Tork, And the Patentee, MIOBABL PHELAN, 786 and 788 Broadway. " PBICE TWENTT-FIVE CENTS. •«? li .!4 >\ ■ x'-jriiffiiis^l J-;-,! ,;*,, T rr ^''"''™'' ' " GLEN COVE STARCH MANUFACTORY. The above engnivliid represents the extensive workH, erected in IS.')'^, iitOlen Cove. LonRlsliiml, for the nianufiicture of Dnr.veii's celebrated l'»lent Htarch iind Miiizemi. In tlieir eoniiib'tinn, all lias been done to produce ii |)erfecl niHiiiifaeturin}.' estab- liHlinicnt, tlnit ample niean^, eidarjjed experience, luid tbe latest and best Inipiovenienis in intchanical science conld cnnnnand. Its mnnerons resources are unec|ua1led, either in this or any other country, and can only be appreciated when it is unilerstimd that it is capalde of turnin;? out 'Jil tons of the linest and purest wldte Ptarch per ihiy, or 1',i,(Mti)etite tliat cannot relish stronger food, 4th. It is especially adapted to the use of children, particularly such as are of weak nrganism, and pre- disposed to Summer comjilaints, or to derangements of the digestive organs. The various forms in which it may be prejiared, are dessert, it is larKel.v used not oidy in private families, but in many of tlie best liotels in the country, as well as upon the steamers plying upon our rivers and lakes, it being folly eipial iu nicety of relish to the rlcliest pastry, while it is a thousandfold more digestible and healthful. It is eciually adajited to the making of custards, puddings, pies, cakes, and various kind* of confections. We append receipts for a few of its most pojmlar forms of ju'eparation. Bhinc. .Utittfie. — Heat up three eggs, and tliorougld.v | BoUfl CiiKtiin/, .///(.— Two table- mix in six tablespooiifula of JIai/.cna, wl.ch add to , spoonfuls of Mai/.ena, one ((uart of milk, two or three ' M.uzenii. In addition to tlie Immense <|uaiitity of Starch made by this establishment, it manufactures a new ami most palatable article of fo-^d called " Maizena," wliich Is extracted exclusively from the choicest and purest Southern White Corn, and imt up ' in iioiind packages, with directions for use, with the trade mark " Maizeiia'' on • each package. Tliis admirable addition to our every day bill of fare, is one Mf the most whcdesome, nntritioiis and agreeable arlicien of food, to be found within the whole range of fariiiaceouii diet; and wherever introduced invari- ably meets with umtualilied ajiprov-il. A more ^ healthful preparation has never been iiroduced by the joint elTorts of Nature and Art. Hesides tlie basis being from the purest white corn, the water used in the process of manufacture is obtained from natural springs, and is quite free from the impurities that always contaminate streams, gathered from hill sides, am. llowing along the eartli's surface. jireparation is justly celebrated, will bear enumeration. Tith. It is an invaluable aid in tlie sick room, as well as for the aged and intirm, who will find in this, wliat \ the.v in vain seek for in any other article of diet. Its pmiity and strengthening (pialities, together with its eaieiof digestion, all combine to give it a deserved preference. 6th. Its superiorit.vas a Summer diet, it lielng cool- ing and soothing in its nature, wliile at the same lime, it imparts ail necessary strength and vigour. 7th. Ttie ease and dispatch with which it can be prepared for use, a few minutes only being required in cooking most of its coinliinations. 8th. It is cheaper than aii.v other food, when we consider tlie actual per eeutage of positive nutritive \ matter, or real life principle which it contains. as numerous as its beneficent uses. As an article of ■i quart of milk, heated to nearly the boiling jioint, ami previously salted. Allow the whole to boil a few minutes, stirring it briskly. Flavour to your taste, and pour into moulds. It may be .sweetened w bile cooking, or, if preferred, a sauce may be used. To be eaten cold. Mill ntf Pii have olwayfi taken First OlasB Preml- iims irherev- er they have lieener- blblted Seven First Class Pienil fciOALESii I 6 WritafhrPriMUatanl FRANK K. HOWE, Box4Me, N«w York Poit OOe*. were taken within CO days during last > , summer over all other competltota, claim- . Ing Six Points of Improvement. CaUand examine a Rail Road Track and Mining/ ■""VScale, a 4 Ton Hay, Coal and Cattle and a 6 Ton Depot Scale, which are 'up on the floor of the Store, and which J be token apart and set up In n few ' 'minutes, to convince the purchaser of their 'simplicity and wonderfbl accuracy. JJOWEr"Jr.Maker. B randon, Vt. I I ERAHK fTgOWE. 101 Broadway, " VKKMONT STATE FAIR." " VIRGINIA STATE FAIR." ' " NEW YORK STATE FAIK." " UNITED STATES FAIR." " FRANKLIN INSTITUTE FAIR." " VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL PAIR." First Class Premiums were taken last summer at each of the above Fairn after severe tests of these Scales. It may not be out of place here to state, that It has been our aim to place ourselves in competition with other scales as much as possible. We spent last summer in visiting a few of the Fairs, which are known to be the best authority, In different States, thus to test the superiority of our Scales. It is very gratifying here to stale, that In every In- stance where we liave exhibited, we have received the Fti-st Class Premiums. JOHN HOWE, Jk., Brandon, Vermont. FHANK E. HOWE, 191 Broadway, Cor. Dey St., (upstairs,) New York. Every Scale Warranted. THOMAS H. BATE, Manufacturer of NEEDLES. Fish Hooks, And every variety if Fishing Tackle. Manufacturer of NEEDLES, Fish Hooks, And every variety of Fishing Tackle. ' 7 li¥ARREM STREET, I^EIV YORK. PATENTEE OF THE IMPROVED SERPENTINE SPINNER — THE BEST TROLLING ' BAIT IN USE.' JOSEPH CILLOTT'8 Steel Pens. THE MANUFACTUBERS* BRANCH HOUSE, 91 »Joh.n Street, N'e-w York, »; la AT ALL TIIIES »'ULLY rtUPPLIKD WITH A UKNKKAL AHHOKTMUNT OF THOSE POPULAR PENS. FOR bALK TO THE TRADE, AND MAY DR HAD OF ALL HTAIIONKHH. CHEMIST, PERFUMERY FACTOR, 609 Broadway, New York. \^ CMAray'i Zstraet of Elder JTlowen fbr Improving and Prawning fbe Comptoxlon. The sweetest and most per- fect beautifier in Naiurc. It rcmores i'"eckles, Tan, Sun-Burns, alsf Brown Spots on the face aud vrms. It is is also found very ben- eficial for bathing chapped or irritated skin, as it possesses both tonic and cooling, us well as clearing, properties most valuable, and imparting healthiness to the akin. That portion of the travelling pub- lic who have used it', find Godfrey's Extract of Elder Flowers, extremely beneficial, and a necessarv addition to their hygienic Toilet .ippend- ages. Prle." One Oollar iwr Iktlllt- . KliKrmI iwciinllim lo ActCuliyrtt i ^ift SEW PBjij^ DistlUaf>. of Wild Flowprs from the ?otomao Sales. R r-'U^U'^ OMBMIST", 609 Broadway. N. 7. Sonlh«ni'Di«trlcr(.f Ncorioine. A newbair-drcssing lustrol fluid, for embellishing the Hair, and promoting its healthy growth, suppleness and gloss. The nutritious property of purified Cocoa Nut and Ricine Oils, in combination with ap- propriate ingredients, under the name of Cocoricine, is justly estimated the most effi- cient beautifier of the Hair. IN LASOB BOTTLES, At 30 and SO cenU each, OR fliS and (15 per dosen. D U P U Y ' S New liquid Bouquets and Standard Fexiumes of exquisite Fragrance, A neatParhtge of^ Bottle* for $2 ; hirge»t size, j|4 ; Singh Bottles, 75(j. and $1.50 e Cape Trinite S^ Duck Island 23 Descent of the Rapids '2H Falls of Niagara r> FalU of Uenesee 22 Great Sodus Buy 28 Genesee River 22 Hamilton, C. W 69 Kingston, C. W 24, 67 London, 0. W 70 LewiHton 21 Lachine Rapids 84 Long Suult Rapids 28 Longueil 85 Little Sodus Ray 23 Lake Ontario 21 Lake St. Francis 81 Lake St. Louis 82 Lake St. Peters 35 Lake of Thousand Islands 25 Lachine 32 Lake St. Charles 41 Morristown 27 Montreal 35, 43 Montreal to Ottawa 49 Montreal to Quebec 35 Montniorenci Fulls 57 New Liverpool 86 Niagara Falls 5 Ogdeuaburg 27 PAOI Ottawa. 68 Ottawa River 50 Ottawa Locks til Oshawa 2^ Oswego 28 Ontario Luke 21 Points of Interest, Niagara Port Hope 22 Port Charlotte 22 Port Genesee 22 Prescott 27 IjueeuHtown 21 tiucl.ec 87 River Ottuwa .' 60 Rivor Richelieu 86 River St. Maurice 86 River Suguenay 55 River Genesee 22 River St. Lawrence 21 River St. Charles 41 Route down the Rapids 28 Route down the St. Lawrence 21 Rochester 22 Rapids, Plutte 28 Rupids, Cascade 82 Rujtids, Cedar 81 Rapids, Gallop 28 Rujiids, Lachine 84 Rapids, Long Sault 28 Rapids, Coteuu 81 Richelieu River 85 Sodus Point 28 St. Regis 31 Sorel or William Henry 35 St, Lawrence River 21 St. Peter's Lake 85 St. Louis Lake 32 St. Francis Lake 31 St. Charles Lake 41 St. Maurice River 36 Suekett's Harbour 24 Thousand Islands, Lake 25 Three Rivers 36 Toronto 22, 63 Victoria Bridge 46 Wolf's Cove 86 Whitby, C. W 22 Wolfe and Montcalm's Monument 8ft Youngstown R LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Chart of Niagara 5 Chart of St. Lawrence 5 Rafts going down the Rupids 33 Steamer descending the Rapids 30 " Shooting the Long Sault Rapids. . 29 The Thousand Islands 26 CITIBS IN CANADA, ETC. London 71 Hamilton 69 Toronto 68 " Crown Lands Office 68 " St. Lawrence Hall 68 " King street 64 " Yon ge street 64 " Model Schools 65 Illustrated Time Indicator PAOI Toronto Trinity College 66 " University 66 Kingston 67 Ottawa, Lower Town 59 " Upper Town 60 " Locks on Canal 62 Montreal, The City, two Views 44 Beaver Hall 47 " Place d' Arines 47 " Bonsecour's Market 47 " Great St. James street 47 Victoria Tubular Bridge ... 46 Quebec, from Point Levi 87 " from the Citadel 38 " Wolfe and Montcalm's Monument. 89 " Montmorenci Falls 57 72 PAOI .. 68 .. f)0 .. «1 .. 22 .. 2a .. 21 .. .. 2'2 .. 22 . . 22 .. 27 .. 21 .. 87 .. 60 .. 8fl .. 86 .. 65 .. 22 .. 21 .. 41 .. 28 .. 21 .. 22 .. 28 .. 82 .. 81 .. 28 .. 84 .. 28 .. 81 .. 85 . . 23 .. 31 . . 35 .. 21 .. 85 .. 82 .. 31 .. 41 .. 86 .. 24 . . 25 . . 36 22, 63 .. 46 .. 86 .. 22 .. 89 ••\ PA.N^ORA.M^ OF THH RIVER ST. LAWRENCE, FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. PAOB . 65 . 66 . 67 . 59 . 60 . 62 , 44 . 47 . 47 . 47 . 47 . 46 . 37 . 88 i. 39 . 57 T H K 1» A 11 A a O N SELF-GENERATING HAND GAS-LIGHT BUENER, BUTLER, HOSFORD & CO., Proprietors. 171 Broadway, New York, 1 Courtlandt Street, New York, and 2 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. TliU valiial)lo patent, portnble, self-generating (iu9 Hurner, is offered to tlie public, In full conti- dence of its positive supe- riority over every otlier iiANO-LionTin existence.for Simplicity, Hakcty, ond Economy, producing a Brilliant Gas Light, requiring no trimming, or other attention, except simply til li« lump with good burning fluid, one quart of the fluid con- verted into gas in the Burner, giving a fl'll, BROAD nnd CLEAR flaiue eigliteen hour*. This light, uliicli is equal to tliut from eight ordinary wick tubes, is under complete control, being re- duced by a simple process, from a full blaze to a small one, and as quickly restored to its full capacity, and at ONE-THIED THE COST. It is aartioulnrly, Ky mllroail — iiml nviiully iirt'itont •uffloU-iit iiiduceiiR'nts for « TUlt from tlio totirUt; none, we believe, prent-ntH no great i» viiriety «»f scenery — and tliotof the finest clinritctcr, acconipiuiii'd by coniforlublr louoinotion nnd n few exciting incident* on tiie way — as are to l)C met witli on tlie trip from Niagara to ^b>ntreal and (jiieix-c via Lake Ontario — down tiio Uapids of the nol)leSt. Ijiwrenee — tlirougli tlie Thousand Islands, and tlie various other lakes, canals, etc, on the route. This route may be taken either by steamer all the way from Lewiston or Niagara, or from there to Toronto, Kingston, Cape Vincent, or any of the other points of stoppage on the river hereafter stated; after visiting wliich, the tourist, can embark on board the steamer again at any of the stopping places, and proceed on his journey. To render this trip as intelligible as possible, wo prtipose placing the names of each place of interest, on both sides of the river, in such order that tlio stranger will at once be able to know on which side each town is situated. This will be seen at once by mak- ing a division in the page, representing the channel of the river, with the towns, nipids, lakes and catiuls placed in their relative positions ; so tliat, with the distances and routes given elsewhere, we hope to render such infornuition as will be useful and interesting to the reader. We shall take Lewiston as the starting point. 11 i ROUTE FROM LEWISTON (NIAGARA) TO QUEBEC. TOWNS AND STOPPING-PLACES. CANADIAN, OR NORTH DANK OF RIVKR. QuEENSTOWN, a village situated nearly opposite to Lewiston. Its chief objects of attraction are the handsome Sus- pension Bridge, with Brock's Monument, situated on the heights, from which a most maguiiiceiit view of the lake and the sur- rounding country is obtained. AMERICAN, OR SOUTH DANK Or RfVER, Lewiston is the point from which the steamer starts — being at the head of river navigation — about 7 miles from Niagara Falls, and t miles from the mouth of the river, whence it falls into the lake. The Buffalo, Niagara Falls and Lewiston Rail- road terminates at this place. ^ LAKE ONTARIO. This is the smallest and most easterly of the five great lakes which communicate with the St. I^awrence, and divides the State of New York from Canada, on f'c north. It is 190 miles long, and its greatest breadth 55 miles. Its greatest depth is fiOO feet, and it is navigable in every part for the largest-sized ships. It is never entirely closed with ice, and rarely freezes, even in the coldest weather, except in shallow places along the shore. In summer time, a sail upon this lake is <1elightfnl, especially to the angler, who, if he chooses to cast his lines into its usually placid waters, will find no dearth of fish, which abound here in great variety. On either side of the lake are seen numerous towns and villages, several of which are of considerable business importance. We append brief notices of the most noted of these places. CANADIAN SIDE. In proceeding along the north, or Cana- dian, side of the lake, the first point touched is 21 AMERICAN SIDE. The first stopping-place on the Ameri- can, or south, side of the Lake is Younostown, 6 miles below, and 1 mile KOUTE DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE. ll Toronto, the sccdikI iiKut important city in Canada. Tliis city presents a mucli finer appearance from the lake than wlien approaelied by railway. Toronto boasts of a large number of fine buildings and elegant churches, as well as of extensive and tasteful blocks of business stores; and the beauty of their appearance is much enhanced by the large number of trees, and the quantity of shrubbery that adorns many of its streets. King street, its prin- cipal thoroughfare, is two miles long, and is lined on both sides with handsome stores and public buildings. Leaving Toronto, the first town of any particular not", on the Canadian side, is Port Wiirret, 29 miles below. This is the chief town in Ontario County, and contains near 4,000 inhabitants. It is a station on the Grand Trunk Railway, and is a stopping-place for steamers from Tor- onto to Rochester, etc. OsHAWA, 4 miles below, is a fine town of 3,000 inhabitants, on the Grand Trunk Railroad, and communicating with the in- terior towns by lines of stages. A great quantity of flour is shipped from here. BowMANviLLE, 10 miles below, lies a little back of the lake, to which it is con- nected by Darlington Harbour. In 1850, the place was incorporated a village, since which period its growth has been very rapid. The town has excellent water power within and around it The cor.ntry around is unsurpassed for fertility and salubrity by any in Canada. It has a population of about 5,000. Port Hope is about 20 miles below Bowmanville, and, like it, is a station on the Grand Trunk Railroad. It is pIso con- nected by railway with Lindsay, 40 miles, and with Peterborough, 29 miles distant. Steamers also ply between this place and several towns lying north, on Lake Stur- geon. Port Hope is built on an acclivity, the summit if which is capped with beach and pine, and clothed with villas, embow- ered among the trees. The principal street runs from the harbour to the top of the hill, and is lined with elegant stores, beautiful dwellings and commodious ho- tels. The Town Hall and Montreal Bank form prominent objects to a spectator placed upon the quay. And the graceful P4 o H CQ w O ■A < a above, old Fort Niagara, at the mouth of the river, and which possesses a fine na- tural harbour, open at all seasons of the year. The river is here about iialf a mile in width, across which a ferry plies to the village of Niagara, on the Canadian side. Fort Niagara. — In passing into the lake, this old relic of former times is especially noticeable. As early as 1679, this spot was inclosed by La Salle, the explorer of the Mississippi. In 1726, a pallisade fort was constructed by the French. In 1759 > it was taken by the British, who, in 1796» gave it into the hands of the Americans. In 1813, it was taken again by the British, and recaptured by the Americans in 1816. There is no doubt that the dungeons of this old fort have been the scenes of horrible BulTering and of crime, from the times of the old Indian and French wars, up to the days of the Revolution. In its close and impregnable dungeons, the light of day never shone ; and here, doubtless, many a poor prisoner has been compelled to un- dergo the "torture," in addition to his other nameless sufferings. As, after entering the lake, no place ol much importance is reached for some hours, the tourist should embrace this opportunity of getting a good view of the scenes he is about leaving. On a clear day, a fine view is presented of Brock's Monument, and the grand heights of Queenstown, 9 or 10 miles distant, which rise nearly 500 feet above the waters of the lake. After passing several small settlements, we reach • "s: Charlotte, or Port Genesee, at the mouth of the River Genesee, port of entry for Rochester, 7 miles distant, and 87 miles from Niagar?*. This town possesses a safe harbour, being protected by two long piers, on one of which is located a light- house. A number of steamers run daily from here to several of the principal places on both sides of the lake. The Falls of Genesee. — ^These beautiful falls, second only to Niagara, are objects worthy of notice. The banks of the Gene- see, just above Charlotte, rise from 60 to 150 feet in height. The river is naviga- ble as far as Carthage, which may be called a suburb of Rochester. From this 22 ROUTE DOWN TUE ST. LAWltENCE. mouth of I fine iia- )ii9 of the iilf a mile lies to the lian side. 9 the Inke, especially this spot tplorer of lisnde fort In 1769, ), in 1796' Lmericana. le British, us in 1815. ons of this )f horrible 16 times of , up to the i close and ht of day as, many a lied to un- ion to his place ol for some race this iew of the )n a clear jf Brock's eights of uit, which waters of ttlementf^ E, at the rt of entry d 87 miles !sse8 a safe two long d a lii;ht- run daily pal placjs e beautiful re objects the Gene- Vom 61) to is naviga- 1 may be From this curve of the viaduct, resting on piera of solid masonry, over which the (irand Trunk Railwuj' is carried, tends to enhance the pieturt'squeness of the view. The town is surrounded by a rich agricultural district, diver^tiod by hill and dale, wood and t-treaiii ; I lie evidence of which is the number of wagons — crauuued with quar- ters of fat beef, nmtton and pork, turkeys, chickens, eggs butter, vegetables and fish — lo be seen o.-owding the Town Hall Square on Saturdays. The lumber trade carried on at this port i* also very extensive. Population about S.tiHO. CoBimo, 8 miles below Port Hope, is the terminus of the Cobiirg and Peterborough llailroad. It has a good harbour, and does an extensive shipping business with Rochester, and other cities on the opposite side of the lake. Victoria College, estab- lished by act of the Provincial Legislature, in 1842, is in this town. It also contains the moat extensive cloth manufactories in the Province. There are also iron, marble and leather manufactories, with a number of breweries and distilleries, 9 good hotels, and 60 or 70 substantial stores. Popula- tion about 6,000. CoLBOKKE, 14 miles below Coburg, is a flourisliing town, having a fine back coun- try, whose produce finds quick sales in its markets. It has a good landing for steamers, many of which touch here on their passages up and down the lake. A good business is done in this town in curing white-tish and salrnon-ti'out, which abound in the lake, and are tal.en in great quantities. A stage-route is ostiiblished between this place and Norwood, 32 miles distance. Fare, $2. Leaving Colborne, the steamer soon reaches the widest part of the lake, and, running a distance of some 25 miles, passes Nicholmt Point and Maud, Wicked Point, and Point Peter, on the latter of which is a fine light-house. This light is a conspicuous object to mariners, who, when off Prince Edward's, the main-land, experience the full force of easterly and westerly winds. DtoK Island, which is attached to Can- ada, is another noted object for the mari- ner, either ascending or descending the O Izi W (A H CO W o w B place, to Rochester proper, there are a suc- cession of falls and rapids, some of the former being very grand and imposing^ The falls at Carthage are 76 feet, one a little further up is 20 feet, and the great falls — within the city, a few feet from the Central Railroad Bridge — is 96 feet. It was at these latter falls that the once fa- mous 8am Patch made his last leap, by which he lost his life, lie commenced his singular caietr by plunging from the Paw- tucket Falls, in Rhode Island, and after- wards continued to jump from all the high bridges, and other elevated points in the country, including Niagara, without meet- ing an accident. It is supposed that he was intoxicated at the time he made his last jump, and hence lost his balance dur- ing his descent, and struck the water hori- zontally, which must have knocked the breath entirely out of his body, as he was not seen to rise after striking the water, although 10,000 spectators were anxiously looking for his appearance. His dead body was found some miles below the falls. Further up the river, near the town of Portage, N. Y., there are three beautiful falls, respectively, 60, 90 and 110 feet, all within the space of 2 miles, each differing in character, and each having peculiar attractions. But more wonderful, than the falls, are the stupendous walls of the river, which rise almost perpendicularly, to a height of 400 feet, and extend along the stream, for 3 miles, with almost as much regularity and symmetry as if constructed by art. Leaving the mouth of the Genesee, the steamer passes the small tt)wn of Pultney- ville, and some other lesser settlements, and reaches the mouth of Great Sonus Bay, which is 5 miles long and 3 miles in breadth, and makes an ex- cellent, safe harbour, the entrance of which is protected by substantial piers, built by the United States. SoDus Point is a small town, and port of entry, situated at the mouth of Sodua Bay. Little Sonus Bay, 14 miles below Great Sodus, is another good anchorage ground, for vessels to ride, in times of severe weather. OswEoo is on both sides of Oswego 23 IIOUTK DOWN THE ST. LAWltENCE. •5^^ .'iK?^^• lake, as it is Uie first important island met, in tlie passage from the head of the lake, on the Canada side. In former years, immense quantities of wild difiks gatliered upon this iT'liind, and hence its name. Amiieust Island, also belonging to Can- ada, lies a little further on. It is a large body of very fertile land, which is under a good state of cultivation. Beyond this island, we come to the end of the lake, and soon enter the mouth of the St. Law- rence River. We now pass two islands — Gage and Wolf—vi\\\c\\ are the first of that ubtonialiing group known as the " Tliousand Islands." We next come to Kingston, 'vjiich is probably the finest- looking city in Canada, although not do- ing a business equal to Montreal or To- ronto. A tourist, speaking of this city, says: " The view of the city and surrounding scenery is not surpassed by the approaclies to any other city in America. A few miles above Kingston, the waters of Lake Onta- rio are divided by the first of the long se- ries of islands so well known to tourists as the ' Tliousand Islands,' of which Sim- coe and Grand, or Wolfe Islands, opposite the city, may be looked upon as strong- holds designed by nature to withstand the encroaches of the waves of Ontario. On approaching from the west, by water, the first object that attracts the traveller's at- tention is Fort Henry, with the naval sta- tion of Fort Frederick at its base, and its attendant battlements, fortifications, tow- ers and redoubts." FoET Henky is a favourite resort for vis- itors, and its elevated position atfords the best view that can be hnd of the city, lake and surrounding country. The principal public buildings are the City Hall, Court-House, Roman Catholic Cathedral, Queen's College, Roman Catho- lic College, General Hospital, Penitentia- ry, 16 or 18 fine churches, banking- houses, etc. The City Hall is one of the finest edifices in Canada, built of cut lime- stone, at an expense of near $100,000. It has a spacious hall, holding over 1,000 persons. There are 20 steamers, and J■^»bout 50 sailing vessels, owned here; and these, besides other Canadian and T.';- American craft, are mostly occupied in P4 1? CO W W H O < 24 River, at its entrunce into Lake Ontario and is the largest and most active city on the lake. There are from 16 to 20 flour, ing-inills, making over 10,000 barrels of flour per day when in operation, and about a dozen elevators, with storage- room for 2,000,000 bushels of grain. It is handsomely built, with streets 100 feet wide, crossing each other at right angles. The river divides the city into nearly two equal parts, which are connected by two bridges, above ship navigation. The number of vessels which arrive and depart from this port is very large. It is estimated that one-half of tiie entire trade of Canada with the United States is car- ried on with Oswego. A railroad, 36 miles in length, connects Oswego with Syracuse. The Oswego Canal also con- nects at Sj'racuse with the Erie Canal. Oswego ranks as one of the greatest grain markets in the world, being second on this continent only to Chicago. From her po- sition, she must continue to hold her ad- vantage, and, in spile of all rivalry, will always command the greatest portion of Canadian trade. The population of Os- wego is about 20,000. Leaving Oswego, we pass Mexico Bay, into which empties Salmon River, at the mouth of which is a small town, called Port Ontario. Salmon River Falls are classed among the greatest natural curiosities of the country. The current of the river is disturbed, about 6 miles from its mouth, by 2 miles of rapids, which terminate in a fall of 107 feet. At high water, the sheet is 250 feet in width, but, at low water, is narrowed to about half that extent. At the foot of the falls the water is very deep, and abounds in fine fi>'h, such as salmon, trout and bass. Sackot's Harbour, 45 miles north of Oswego, possesses one of the most secure harbours on the lake. During the war of 1812, with England, it was used as the rendezvous of the American fleet on Lake Ontario. A large war-vessel, commenced at that time, still remains here under cover. Madison Barracks, garrisoned by United States troops, is situated nor the landing. Black River, just beyond, is 120 miles long, but its navigation is much impeded by a succession of rapids and falls. It ., *■ KOUTE DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE, which 18 Salmon greatest y. The about 6 of rapids, feet. At n width, to about the falls )ound8 in d bass, north of ist secure e war of d as the on Lake rnmenced er cover. r United landing, 20 miles impeded falls. It oarrying passengers and produce which come from inland by the Rideau Canal, and from the Bay of Quinte, to the differ- ent ports on the lake. There are several mineral springs in Kingston, which have attained some ce- lebrity for their medical properties. One of these, situated near the Penitentiary, is said to resemble the celebrated Chelten- ham Springs, in England. Another, whose waters are uuusuoUy strong, and, by ana- lyzation, have been found to contAin val- uable medical virtues, has been likened to the Artesian Well at St. Catherine's. o H OQ gives, however, great water power, and its banks are covered with prosperous towns and villages. Chaumont Bay, just above Black River, abounds in a variety of fine fish, large quantities of which are taken by estab- lished fisheries. Cape St. Vincent is nearly opposite Grand or Wolf Islond, and is the northern terminus of the Watertown and Rome Railroad. In the warm months, this place is much resorted to by fishing and pleasure parties, being contiguous to the " Thou- sand Islands." tit'ir THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. These Islands, which have obtained a world-wide celebrity, consist of fully 1800 islands, of all sizes and shapes — from a few yards long, to several miles in length ; some, presenting little or nothing but bare masses of rock, whilst others are so thickly wooded over, that nothing but the most gorgeous green foliage (in summer) is to be seen; whilst, in autumn, the leaves present colours of different hues of light crimson, yellow, purple and other colours scarcely imoginable, and yet most difficult to describe. The tourist who is fond of practising the " gentle art," will find any quantity he is able and willing to fish for — the river abounding in fish of the most marvellous quantity and size. The anglei^will find plenty of excellent accommodation at Clayton or Alexandria Bay, with boats, etc. To enjoy a day or two amongst the Thousand Islands to the most advantage, is for the tourist to take up his quarters for a few days at either of these places, and sail amongst the islands with a row-boat. The tourist who is acquainted with the islands on " Lomond's Silver Loch," oppoate Luss, in the Highlands of Scotland, will have some idea of what the Thousand Islands are — only that the latter extend fully 50 miles along tlie channel of the St. Lawrence, with some of the islands of much larger dimen- sions than tliose either on Loch Lomond or Loch Katrine. Names are given to some of the islands, whilst several have light-houses erected upon them. With these remarks, we will now proceed, as if on board the American steamer, down the American channel, through them — there being one channel for the Canadian Company's boats, and another for the American Company's. Leaving Kingston, the tourist in the Ca- nadian Company's steamer will proceed on for six miles, and enter the regions of the Thousand Islands. For a description of the scenery of the route, we quote from a writer who thus describes it : " These islands appear so thickly stud- ded, that the appearance to the spectator, on approaching them, is as if the vessel steered her course towards the head of a landlocked bay which barred all further progress. Coming nearer, a small break in the line of shore opens up, and he enters between what he now discovers to be islands, and islands which are innumera- ble. Now, he sails in a wide channel be- w H O ►J w >5 25 Leaving Cape Vincent, the steamer now proceeds towards the islands, and, after winding her course amongst them for about twenty miles, reaches the stopping- place called Clayton, a small, well-built village, from which a considerable lumber trade is carried on, several rafts of which may probably be seen in French Creek, close at hand, ready for being " run " down the St. Lawrence to Montreal or Quebec. Sev- eral of the finest steamers which navigate the St. Lawrence were built here. Alexandria Bay, 12 miles from Clayton, is soon reached — in approaching which, the tourist will admire the exquisite ^' 1 4 •■, •!! 'Illlil' 'ililllllll' '' ' I II' 11! If: III :;:#'::■' ii''^'!!' ,|ij|iij!i|;;;ii;;! ;i;i'.:i;|i':i:.:i ■M'l '■ ''i;;:, 'i . ::'V;|i;'!'Vii'-'.»!||f',y' .:ir;::|:|i|l?*:i!iiiiift ;;':!;;:fv;'::-'!lii:;;i:iiLiiill ■j! ■'! wmm 1 ,i!i| '.!,:• ill i'li'ri ; wi m m mm i;''i':! iilrFl I .'I I li'iiiiiJii ii:' i ':• .1.: : III I .1 D.ll li . 1 'l,i!i.ll! '■■■'■,\ l:1|ii!ii|',Jr-l!J'!!i!ii;ili|i', r y:::tr^m'Mm ''!mr\^ , [■ llllililliiiiii'j liii'lJi!' .1' III" 1',' ! 'il-,'i'. I,,::: ''Silyillrif'l lis .1 •! nil I I. ■11 nHMii 'II ,(''■■" -;'ii- ri I'iV ,'|!|'4* III ■. ''I !'i |i I lllllii'"'.' I'Ciii'i I'.iilfV'M , ii'lliiV. i i !'i':Ik II 1 < ' * h 1, ' < '. ' ' '''ill'.'', I 'iiVi^Mlillli Vl,i:.;i i"!|ii#!i:i'vi^11ii!ilij, ♦ . I ...A' ROUTE DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE. twoen more (liiitniitslioros; nirnin.lie enters into a Kti'iiit oo iiuri'ow tliat tin- Inrge pml- (lle-li'ixes of the steiimer iilinost sweep the fdliage, (•n either side, as she pursues lier devious course; Now, the ishinds nre niilea ill eireunifipeiiee ; unci iii;iiiii,hf |ii\ssessome wliieli lire Very Miiiill, xliuded hy a single liny tree oc'iipyim; the hnndfui of earth wliieh represents tlie 'dry land.' On all, the trees grow to tiie water's edge, and dip their outer lii'iiiielies in the clear blue lake. Sometimes the miraf/e throws its air of enchantment on the whide, and the more distiint i^lMnds seem floating in mid- heavei; — mdy descending into the lake as a nearer approacb dispels the illusion, and when til'- rushing steamer breaks the fair surface of tiie water in which all this love- liness is reflected, as in a mirror." UiiocKviLLE (Canada West) is the county town for the united counties of Leeds and (ireiiville. A steamer plies to Xorristown, on tlie American side. All the American as Well as Canadian steamers touch here. The tourist cannot fail to admire the fine location of Broek%lle, and its numerous Instefiilly laid out gardens, stretching down to the river's edge, as well as some neat built villas on the banks. Named after Gen. Brock, whose monument, at (^ueenstown Heights, commemorates his full in battle there in 1812. Distant from Kingston 48 miles by rail, and ^lontreal 125 miles. The steamer, after leaving Brockville, proceeds for 12 miles, and reaches the town of I'nKscorr, which is situated almost im- mediately op[i(isite to Ogdensburg. At Prescott, both lines of steamers touch. From there, branches off the railroail to Ottawa Crrv — the future capital of Cana- da — a visit to which will well repay the tourist 55 miles to Ottawa per railroad. Considerable amount of business is done with Ogdensburg, opposite, to and from which plies two ferry steamers. Popula- tion about 4,000. 113 miles from Mon- treal bj- rail. One mile below Prescott is " Windmill Point," being the ruins of on old wind- mill, where, in 1837, the Canadian pa- triots, under a Polish exile named Von Shultz, established their headquarters, but were subsequently driven from it, with great loss. W W Hi H W H Ed O ^A W O 27 scenery which now opens up to view on every turn which the steomer takes. From Alexiiiidria Bay, some of the finest views of the islands, to our mind, are to be seen ; whilst from the high jmints near the vil- lage, upwards of one hundreil of the islands can be counted in one view. Tlie situation of Ale.Mindria Bay must always render it a fiivimrite place with tiic tourist who deliglits in romantic situations or good spdit. After steiiining along for other 22 miles, tlie last, of the Thousand Islanils is seen, and the steamer touches on tiie Catiiulian side, at the thriving and prettily sit\iated town of Broekvile (Cana- da West). MoHiusTowN is situated exactly opposite Brockville, with which it is connected by steam ferry every half hour, 1 mile dis- tance. The American steamer, after leaving Brockville, proceeds on to Ogpensburg, now an important link in the chain of communication between the United States and Canada, with a rail- road to Lake Cliamplain, (118 miles off) and which also connects at House's Point with the other lines, to Boston and New York, as well as to Montreal. A consid- erable trade is done at Ogdensburg, whilst the situation of the town is one of the prettiest on the whole route. Settled by the French in 1748, attacked by the Mohawk Lidiiins in 1740, and, on the de- feat of Montcalm at (Quebec, the settlement was abandoned by the French. After Ogdensburg, conu's Wad'lington, opposite to Ogden Island. Thirty miles further on is Louisville, from which stages run to Messina Springs, 7 miles distant. The American steamer proceeds on- wards to the first rapid in the route, known by the name of Gallop's Rapids, succeeded by others of lesser note. (See Descent of the Ropids.) Four miles further on is Chimney Island, on which stands the ruin of an old French fortification. A short distance from there is Chrysellek's Farm, where a battle was fought between the Americans and the British, in 1813, at the time when the Americans, under Gen. Wilkinson, were descending the river to attack Montreal, but which attempt was afterwards aban* doned. ROUTE DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE. t , DESCENT OF THE RAPIDS. AT LONG BAULT. These RnpiJs, universally ullowed to be the most extensive and the most exciting to be found on this continent, extend in continuous lines for u distance of nine miles — tiie stream being divided near its centre bj- an island. The channels on both sides are descended with safety, al- thouijh steamers usually pass on the south side, which is a trifle narrower than the other. The current moves along this chan- nel with astonishing velocity, drifting rafts at the rate of 12 or 14 miles an hour, the waters alone moving at least 20 miles an hour. It needs not the aid of wind or steam to descend these swift-sweeping waters, and hence when vessels enter the current they shut off steam, and trust to the guidance of the helm only as they are borne on their rapid voyage by the force of the stream alone. Nature presents but few sights more grand and beautiful than is presented from the deck of a steamer when descending- these rapids. The un- equal movement of the waves, as they plunge from one eddy to another, causes the boat to rise and fall with a motion not unlike that experienced on the ocean after a gale of wind has disturbed its bosom. Tlie constant roar of the waters as they dash and leap along their furious course, filling the atmosphere with misty foam ; the wild and tunmltuous force with which ■wave struggles with wave to reach the depths below ; the whirlings of the yawn- ing eddies, that seem strong and angry enough to engulph any and every thing that ventures within their embrace, and the ever-changing features, form and course of the writhing, restless stream, all unite in presenting a scene of surpassing grandeur. The navigation of these rapids, althougli generally conducted with entire safety, requires, nevertheless, great nerve, force and presence of mind on the part of the pilots — generally Indians — who essay to guide the staggering steamer on its course. It is imperative that the vessel should keep her head straight with the stream, for if she diverges in the leost, so as to present her side to the current, she would be in- o K en O < 28 ROUTE FROM PRESCOTT. DOWN TIIE RAPIDS. The steamer, after leaving Prescott, proceeds, passing, on its \vay, between Chimney Island and Drummwnd's Island — now steering for Tick Island, thence northwest round the western end of Isle aux Galops, and by Fraser's Islond to a point opjiosite Lock 27 of the caiuil, which extends from the beginning of the Gallop Rapids to Point Iroquois and rap- ids. Instead of passing through tnat canal, however, the steamer proceeds down the Gallop Rapids. GALLOP RAPIDS. In sailing down these rapids, the steam- er passes on its way Isle aux Galops, and several other small islands in the channel, onwards to Long Point — pass- ing down the rapids between Tousson's Island and the south bank of the river ; thence on again, and down the Iroquois Rapids, shortly after passing which we reach (,)g(len'8 Island, wkh rapids on each side of it. (At this point the up steamers ascend via the Rapide Platte Canal, from Lock 23 to 24.) After ]>assing Ogden's Island, and several smaller ones, we pass Goose Neck Island and Crysler's Island, and proceed on between the two Cat Islands, the Upper Long Sault — now called Croyle's Island — and the rapids on the north-western end of it, at Farren's Point, where there is a short canal for the up steamer to pass through. LONG SAULT RAPIDS. '' Sailixq down the rapid there, we pass at some distance Dickenson's Landing, close to Long Sault Island, and prepare to what is termed " shoot the Rapids of the Long Sault" — passing by the north channel, and downward through the rapids between Sheek's Island and Barnhart's Island. After steaming a short distance, with smooth sailing, we again reach rapids, being those between the town of Cornwall and Cornwall Island. (The up steamers enter in at Lock 15, at Cornwall, and passing along the canal with its eight locks, find an exit at Lock 22.) For a description of the passage '^sH-^OHiktim-r :OTT. ig Prescott, ly, between wnd'd lalnnd liuul, thence enre- veiit such cntustro|)liu»«, bouts traversing the rapidrt liave tlieir rudders constructed in audi a nmnnor that any amount of power can he brought to bear upon them at any moment. Not only U the wheel guided by strongly-wrought, but pliable chains, which are managed from a position near the Itows, but a strong tiller is ad- justed at the stern, which recjuires the aid of four powerful men, while two are work- ing at the wheel, to keep the vessel's head in its proper direction. The greatest danger attends tlx; ad- venturous raftsmen, whose skill, cour- age and physical strength are perhaps not ^ excelled by any similar body of men in ^ the world. But, despite all these advan- tages, many a raft has been broken, and 1^ many a gallant raftsman's life has been lost ® upon this remorseless tide of waters. P^ down the Long Suult Ilapids, ^ee the opposite colunm on this page. For illus- tration of the same, see engraving. St. Kegis is an old Indian village, one of the historical incidents connected with which, is a marauding excursion made by the St. Regis Indians, into Massachusetts, to recover a bell for their church, which, having been captured on its way to Canada from France, was purchased for the church of Deerlield, Massachusetts — but retaken from there by the said In- dians, who claimed it as theirs, and who murdered, in the dead of night, 47, and captured 112, of the unsuspecting and in- nocent citizens of Deerfleld. Il-iving ob- tained the bell, they carried it, suspended from a pole, on their shoulders, for 160 miles, and it now hangs in the Catholic Church of St Regis, built about 160 years ago. Steamers in their passage up the St Lawrence, when they come to the rapids, pass round them, by entering the stupendous canals which have been made for the purpose of enabling them to pass up, as well as down, the river — although it is in the passage down the river, such as we are now describing, in which all the beauty and enjoyment of the trip is to be seen and realized. Having passed through the most exciting port of the whole trip, we now arrive at the town of Cornwall, at the foot of the Long Sault Rapids — on the Canada side. Cornwall is the boundary line between the United States and Canada, so that, after this point, all the points of interest remaining are now within the Britisli pos- sessions. Here the Cornwall Canal may be seen, 12 miles long, by which vessels pass up — as already mentioned. LAKE ST. FRANCIS. After leaving Cornwall, we proceed on, passing St Regis Island, situated in mid- channel, until we enter Lake St. Francis, passing between the Squaw's Island and But- ternut Islands, with lighthouse to the north, in Lancaster Shoal. The steamer now steers close to the floating light, onwards to Cherry Island Light, and passing McGee's Point Light, on the main land, (north shore,) aails on towards the Rapids of Coteau du Lao. COTEAU RAPIDS AND CEDARS RAPIDS. At the Coteau du Lac Rapids, a cluster of sixteen islands interrupt the regular navigation, bat through which the skilful pilot steers first down the rapid between the main land and Giron Island, thence down again between French Island, and Maple and Thorn Islands, and again be- tween Prisoner's Island and Broad Island, O 31 Coteau du Lac " is a small village, situ- ated at the foot of Lake St Francis. The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. Just below the illage are the Coteau Rapids." Cedars Rapids are situated between the village of Cedars (north shore) and village of St Timoth6, (south shore,) with 8 or 10 ROUTE DOWN THE ST. LAWRENCE. ftnd emerging into smooth water along- side of Urand Inland, until, shortly after, the Cedars lUpidit are reached. Ckdauh. — This village iireseiits the same marks of French origin as Cotenu du Lao. In the expedition of Gen. Amherst, a do- tnchinent of throe hundred men, that were sent to attaeic Montreal, were lo»t in the rupidii near this place, " The passage through these rapids is very exciting. Tliore is a peculiar motion of the vessel, which, in descending, seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to ano- ther. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a person, unacquainted with the navigation uf these rnpids, will almost in- voluntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, wliich is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running di- rectly upon it, and you feel certain that she will strike ; but a skilful hand is at the helm, and in an instaut more it is passed in safety." CO ■mall islands in the channel where th« rapids arc. On the south side of the river is lieau- barnolH. liuAiJiiAHNOiB " is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the south hank of the river. (Here up vessels enter the Ueau- harnois Canal — with nine locks — and pass around the rapids of the Cascades, Cedars and Coteau, into TiUke St. Francis, a dis- tance of 1-1 miles.) On the north hank, a branch of the Ottawa enters into the St. Lawrence." After passing down the ropid« at Ce- dars, the steamer again enters the smooth waters of the St. Lawrence, only, how- ever, to be soon once more broken in upon by the Cascade liapids. THE CASCADE RAPIDS AND LAKE ST. LOUIS. m I TuK Cascade Rapids are situated between Cascade's Point and Buisson Pointe, in whicli are situated Mory's Reef, Dog's Reef, Split Rock, Round Island and isle nux Cascades. On the north side of these rapids, the majestic river Ottawa comes sweeping along, and round both sides of Isle Perrot, and here joins issue with the St. Lawrence, in Lake St. Louis. A smooth and pleasant sail of 24 miles along Lake St. Louis will be enjoyed, until the last rapids of all are readied, viz., Lachine. The steamboat track proceeds through Lake St. Louis, passing three floating light- ships and the town of Lachine, on north bank, and Caughnawaga, on south bank of river. La Chine. — ^Thia village is nine miles from Montreal, with which it is connected by railroad. " The La Chine Rapids be- gin just below the town. The current is here so swift and wild, that to avoid it a canal has been cut around these rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and re- flects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Montreal. At La Cliine is the residence of Sir George Simpson, Governor of the Hud- son's Bay Company, and of the officers of this, tlie chief post of that corporation. It is from this point that the orders from head-quarters in London are sent to all the many posts throughout the vast territory of the company ; and near the end of April M O "A W 82 Caughnawaga. — " This is an Indian vil- lage, lying on the south bank of the river) near the entrance of the La Chine Rapids. It derived its name fi-om the Indians tlmt had been converted by the Jesuits, who were called " Caughnawaga»," or " jiraying Indians." This was probably a misnomer, for they were distinguished for their pre- datory incursions upon tlieir neighbours in the New England pi'ovinces. The Indians at Caughnawaga suljsist chiefly by navigating barges and rafu down to Montreal, and, in winter, by a trade in moc- casins, snow-shoes, etc. They are mostly Roman Catholics, and possess an elegant church," Many of the Caughnawaga Indians are •^-'tia^, >«t«!lti)(«B9tiwfit«iNjidH(U where th« ^cr \» Huau- la^e lit the nth bank of LTtlu' Uoau- » — and pass idi!!*, Ci'Jors uiiciR, u di»- ii'tli hunk, a uto thti 8t. pid« at Ce- the smooth only, liow- ktiu iu upon Pointe, in d Isle nux 8 sweeping Lawrence, mis will be iting liglit- of river. fndian vil- the river> ine llupids. diiiiis that jsnits, who I'l'ftying misnomer, their pre- leighbours ces. The ist chiefly ii down to de in moo- ire mostly in elegant "^. *! w P3 Cfi W CO S ?3 idians are I I I llOUTE DOWN THE ST. L.VWUKNCE. 'i fiK'li \naitr«» caiiotn, witli iiiickii^oN mill gomlit fur tlio varioiM piifttA III tlii- ^^ UiUriivMt. Twu cvii turiti* a\j;tt, tlio ooniiiuiiioii* uf tliu cxplurer (!orti»'r, on iirnviiii; licrt', tlioiiL'lit tli«y hml iJidcov (M'otI u roiito to('liiMik, mill t^xprt-MfJ their joy ill the oxclaiiiutloii of \a\ Ciiine! Ilvnou tlie presoiit imiue, ursoat loaiit wtyi trnilitlou." to b« met witli on tli« itciiiiifr>«, iiihI in tli« •treett In tlie citio* of Montiviil, (jiu-livc, mill ivcn in X<'W Voric, nvlliiii; llu-ir fumy liLMiil wmk. I'll', 1.1k I'rikirii! l« i>uiiiu Si'vuii iiiilut below C'mixliimwiii^a, or N'lllngo uf tliu KHpld«, alK'r wliiili till' Htiuiiitir tuiU on fur a few iuile», and rvuvlit'* tho City uf Montreal. I< LACHINE RAPIDS. il PRinriovs to entering the Lacliine UnpiiU, the tourist inny observe the entrance to the aqiieOuct of the wnter-works which supplieH Montivnl witli water — 1\ jfigmitie uiiderttiking, and atfording tlie eitizoim of that city a nevor-fiiilliig, iiiiliinitcil supply of i;iioil tujua. There are 7 Binall iitlamlH in tliu channel of the Luiehiiie Uapiili*. The strainer luxseA on between Ulo dii Diable, lt>le an llerun, and Isle Hoket, and after paitsing down the riipidit, the steamer proceed!* along, passing near to Nun's li^laiid, lulonufiiig to the (ircy Nun- nery, Montreal, and one of the many Islands wliioh belong, and yield large resourues to, the nunneries. A slight rapid, named NoBM.^N Uaiuk, i* «allid through, and, after passing that great inonunient of engineering skill, the \'ictoiia IJridge, tho steamor lamU her posseugers at the wharf of the city of Montri.>ul. 84 ^ ? MONTREAL TO QUKfiKC. MoNlWJSAL TO QUEBEC. Tub tourist who it deatrous of f>f/M)eedlnK on hia voyiiKA ut onoo, only itaytn^ until nfict lit) liuH viMlud the oomnK^rcial capital of (Anada, and vnJoyt>d thu niaKiiitii>*-i)t viow from the mountain beliind the iVy »f Montreal, or from (»ff the top of the Notre l)nm« In Place il'Arinen, will find the Quebec utenmer* — conifortaMy titled Up and well appointed — refldy to «tar( every evening about «ix o'clock, Frt.iU the fact of the steamer* sailing liotli from Montreal itnd Quebec In the evening, a short tillK? during daylight Is only left fur the trav- eller t«> sec much of the river and Its I>aiik8 between these two cities. This need hardly 1)1) regretted, however, so much, as tiio scenery, for the moxt part, is tnme and uidntereftling — t lie chief attractions l)clng the neat and plcturei«<|ucly-»ituated Freneh-C'iinttdian villagos, which are sifunted on its banks, here and there, the tin-oovered spires of their churches In the clear moonlight night — t'u willing of the steamer swiftly down tln» stream, and the beautiful moonlight on a still HummerV idglit. — all eontrlbute to render such a trip pleasant, and a change from what is almost nowhere else to be enjoyed in any other trip wiiich can be taken in Canada. lA'oviiig Montreal, therefore, by the steamer, a good view of the city and Ht. Hel^n'f Island — in the middle of the stream — is to be seen. The island is fortitied, and commands the passage of the river. The Kapiiih ok St. Mary ore just below St. Helen's Island, and, although not dangerous, are very troublesome to the river craft, which are much retarded in their movements by these obstinate rapids. The tirst village passed is that of Longueil — throe miles below Montreal, on south side of the river — the terminus of the Grand Trunk Railroad to Portland and yucbec. LoNOiK Point and Point Aux TREMiaEH, on the Island of Montreal, are successively passed on the left, and Bouoiikrville on the opposite shore. The Island or St. Theresa is 15 miles below the city, and uear the mouth of Ottawa River. Varennks, on the south-east side of the river, is a beautiful village, which is often re- sorted to on account of the mineral springs to be found in its vicinity. William Henrt, or Sorel, 80 miles below Varennes, is a town of some 8000 inhabitants. It stands on the site of an old fort built in 1666, at the mouth of Richelieu River, and the first permanent settlement was made in 1685. The " fort" was taken, and occupied in May, 1776, by a party of AmericaDS, in their retreat from Quebec, on the death of Gen. Mont- gomery. Leaving Richelieu River, which is the outlet of Lake Champlain into the St Lawrence, we pass a succession of small islands, and enter LAKE ST. PETER'S. This lake, which is formed by an expansion of the river, Is about twenty-five miles long and nine miles broad, but is, for the most part, rather shallow. Recent improvements, how- ever, have rendered the navigation such that the largest^iling vessels, and the Canadian and Liverpool steamers now pass up during the summer season to Montreal. Like all the other lakes, that of St. Peter's assumes a very different appearance in the summer season, during mild weather, from what it does during a gale of wind. Then it presents all the appearance, as well as the dangers of the sea, and rafts on their way down the river are frequently wrecked on its waters — the violence of the winds and waves being such as to render the rafts unmanageable, and part them asunder, to the loss sometimes of life as well as the timber. On the south bank of the river is the small village of Port St Francis, 82 miles from Montreal. 86 MONTREAL TO QUEBEC. m I i' Proceeding on for other eight miles, the steamer stops at one of the oldest settled towns in Canada, viz. : Three Riveus, 90 miles from Montreal, being lialf way between Quebec and Montreal, Situated at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and River St. Maurice, Population about 6000. The most prominent buildings are the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, a convent, jail, and court-house. Founded in 1018. After leaving Three Rivers tlie steamer proceeds onwards, and shortly passes the mouth of the St, Maurice River, which enters the St, Lawrence from Canada, The beautiful stream runs a course of some 400 miles in a south-east direction, frequently expanding and forming lakes of various sizes. Its banks are generally very high, varying from iJOO to 1,000 feet, and covered Avith tiiick groups of variegated trees. It has a number of falls and cascades, and is adorned with several small islands. Its principal tributaries are the Ribbon and Veniiillion, running from tlie west, and the Windigo and Croche Rivers, from the east, Tlie next town readied is Batisc'an, on the same side of the river, 117 miles from Montreal, and the last stopping- place before arriving at Quebec, Batiscan is reached at an early hour in the morning, Richelieu Rapids. — Tiie channel of the river where these rapids occur is very naiTOW and intricate, huge irregular rocks being visible in many places during low water. Beacon lights are placed at the most dangerous points, to aid the mariner in navigating these ditticult jiassiigos, wliieh extend a distance of 6 or 9 miles. Pursuing our eour.-e, we juiss tiie small settlements of St. Marie, St. Anne, Point Aux Tremble;', and Port Nciif, uw i ■ nortii, and Gentilly, St. Pierre, Deeliellons, Lotiiiniure, and St, Croix, 0.'. the soutl. ••'ule oi me river. Nearly opposite St. Croix is Cape Saiite, Cape Sante is alioiit 'M) miles altove Quebec, on the north side of the river; a small set- tlement called St, Tr»is being ry, of success as well as di-feat, It must at all times possess a ])ecnliar int.r.Mt f.. alin.wt everyone. On its fields, and around its bat- tlements, some of the bravest of the sons of Great Britain illlH IIFTI Ml^ iR'i'il'S'i 1^^^ »nd Ireland, lllB ii'i !»« I'Ss^a .m erica and France, have fallen, and around its cita- del, some of iho most daring ex- ploits have taken place. Staiuling on a bol 1 and ii^^i^^|!ltfir,^r-;riiv'ii''ii^^^^M^:'' ' ^■^ii':,;|'illliiPii|li!llll!i.'', p'-i'<-ipitous pro- UBBii^^B^Mr: • ail ;"-»-^'^'»>'- ■ > Ml. JIT I, J .11, .1^, ^n. ^-m^-mmx-eai^j^ *« lias not inappro- priately lie en called the " Gib- raltar of Ameri- ca," with which the names of the brave AVolfe, Slontealm, and Monti^omery must ever re- main connected. The citadel stands on what is called Cape Diamond, 3 50 feet above the level of the sea, and includes about 40 acres of ground. The view from olfthe m citadel is of the most picturesque and grand character. Thcio will be seen the majestic St. Lawrence, winding its course for about 40 miles, whiNt ilie l)ackgroimd of the ]>anoramic scene is filled up by extensive jilains, runniiii; backwards to lofty mountains in the distance, with Point Levi opposite, and the Island of Orleans in the distance, whilst the junction of the River St. Charles, and the (ireat River, form that innijiiifieent sheet of water, where numerous vessels are to be seen riding at anchor during the siiniiner season. A walk iiroiiiid the rainpurts of the eitndel will well repay the stranger, by a magnifi- cent change of scene at every tni'ii he takes. The city itself bears all the resemblance of a 37 j QrEBKC, I'LAIXS OF ABKAIIAM, ETC. stroiiu'ly fortified ami niic-icnt v\\\. ninl, in tiuit rus^pcct, so very diflforcnt from the newly sprunir-iip i-itics, westwnrd. Tin- sirct-ls nw giiieriilly iiiiiTow, nnd, in some pnrt?, very Mt'f|i. ill \v;illEI)1T. A. P. 18'27. Wliicli, being rendered into Ensrli:'h, means: " Militnrj' virtue gave thera a common death history a common fame ; posteritv n common monument." 3'J li , f. tl"' QUEBEC. • Durham Terrace, from which one of the finest and most extensive views is to he hml. A gront resort of the citizens during the cool evenings of summer. At one tune tlie site of the CastJe of St. Louis, The Marine Ilnnpital, situated on the peninsula near Cartier's Bny ; the spot wliere Jnc<]Ui's ('artier, the discoverer of the St. Lawrence, spent tlie winter of 1535 and '36. 77(f lin'iM of-the Intendant Palace, near Craig street, may interest the antiquary in such mntlers. Montcabi'i'a Head-qnartem, on the heights of Beauport, n short way east of Beiuipoi't'rt Mills. Montmorenci Hauge, situated close to the bank of the river, near the Falls of Montmorenci, once the residence of the late Duke of Kent, father of her present Majesty Queen Victoria. The Quebec Exchange, an excellent reading-room, well supplied with Canadian, American and British newspapers. Free to strangers. Tlie University of Quebec, Hope street, Upper Town, a massive gray stone building. Caurt House and City Hall, St. Louis street. JmI, corner of Ann street Cost £60,000 ($300,000). The Jesuit Barracks, Lunatic Asylum, Music Hall, and the Protestant and Catholic churches form the remainder of the principal buildings in the city. " A morning's ramble to the Plains of Abraham will not fail to recall historical recollec- tions and to gratify a taste for beautiful scenery. On leaving the St. Louis Gate, let the traveller ascend the counterscarp on the left, that lends to the glacis of the citadel ; and hence pursuing a direction to the right, let him approach one of the Martello Towers, whence he may enjoy a beautiful view of the St. Lawrence. A little beyond let him ascend the right bank, and he reaches the celebrated Plains of Abraham, near the spot where General Wolfe fell. On the highest ground, surrounded by wooden fences, can clearly be traced out the redoubt where he received the fatal wound. He was carried a few yards In the rear, and placed against a rock till he expired. It has since been removed. Within v.n enclosure lower down, and near to the road, is the stone well from which they brought him water. Tlie English right nearly faced this redoubt, and on this position the French left rested. Tlxe French army arrived on the Plains from the right of this position, as it came from Beauport, and not from Quebec ; and, on being defeated, retired down the heights by which it had ascended, and not into Quebec. In front of the Plains from this position stands the house of Marchruont. It is erected on the sight of a French redoubt that once defended the ascent from Wolfe's Cove. Here landed the British army under Wolfe's command, and, on mounting the banks,' carried this detached work. The troops in the garrison are usually reviewed on the Plains. Tlie tourist may farther enjoy a beautiful ride. Let him leave by St. Louis Gate and pass tlie Plains, and he will arrive at Marclimont, the property of John Gilmour, Esq. Tlie former proprietor, Sir John Harvey, went to considerable expense in laying out the grounds in a pleasing and tasteful manner. His successor. Sir Thomas Noel Hill, also resided here, and duly appreciated its beauties. Tlie view in front of the house is grand. Here the river widens, and assumes the appear- ance of a lake, whose surface is enlivened by numerous merchant-ships at anchor, and im- mense rafts of timber floating down. On leaving Marolmiont he will pass some beautiful villas, whose park -like grounds remind one of England, and from some points in which are commanded views worthy of a painter's study. Among these villas may be mentioned Wolfesfiold, Spencer Wood, and Woodfield. The last was originally built by the Catholic Bishop of Samos, and, from the several additions made by subsequent proprietors, had a somewhat irregular, though picturesque appearance. It was burnt down, and rebuilt in a fine regular style. It is now the residence of James Gibb, Esq. " In tills neighbourhood is situated Mount Hermon Cemetery. It is about three miles from Quebec, on the south side of the St. Lewis road, and slopes irregularly but beautifidly down the clitf which overhangs the St. Lawrence. It is thirty-two acres in extent, and the grounds were tastefully laid out by the late Major Douglass, U. S. Engineers, whose taste and skill had been previously shown in the arrangement of Greenwood Cemetery, neap New York." 40 .it, is to be liail. ne the site of ( spot, vhere and '36. jimry ia such way east of ver, near the ' lier present veil Buppliecl uilding. and Catholic ncal recoUec- Gate, let the citadel; and telle Towers, it him ascend e spot where an clearly be 1 a few yards ved. Within they brought n the French josition, as it id down the ins from this ench redoubt army under The troopa ;her enjoy a vill arrive at olm Harvey, eful manner. its beauties. the appear- hor, and im- me beautiful in which are mentioned the Catholic etors, had a rebuilt in a ' miles from beautifully ;ent, and the whose taste uetery, near I QUEBEC, LAKE ST. CHARLES, ETC. Leaving this beautiful locality, the walk continues to the woods, on the edge of the banks rising from the shore. The tourist, instead of returning by a road conducting through a wood into St. Louis Road for Quebec, would do better by continuing his ride to the Church of St. Foy, from which is seen below the St. Charles, gliding smoothly through a lovely valley, whose sides rise gradually to the mountains, and are literally covered with habitations The villages of Lorette and Charlesbourg are conspicuous objects. Before entering the suburb of St John, on the banks of the St. Charles stands the General Hospital, designed, as the name implies, for the disabled and sick of every description. A day's excursion to Indian Lorette and Lake St Charles would gratify, we doubt not, many a tourist It will be necessary to leave by 6 o'clock, a. m., and to take provisions for the trip. After leaving the Palace Gate, the site of the former intendant's palace is passed. Mr. Bigot was the last intendant who resided in it The most pleasant road to Lorette is along the banks of the St Charlea On arriving at the village, the best view is on the opposite bank. The fall is in the foreground, and the church and village behind. The villagers claim to be descended from those Hurone, to whom the French monarch, in 1651, gave tlie seigniory of Sillery. In the wars between the French and English, the Hurons contributed much to the success of the former, as they were one of the most warlike tribes among the aborigines of this continent At present, they are a harmless, quiet set of people, drawing only part of their subsistence from fishing and hunting. A missionarj" is maintained by government for their religious instruction, and the schoolmaster belongs to the tribe. Here may be purchased bows and arrows, and moccasins very neatly ornamented by the squaws. On arriving at Lake St Charles, by embarking in a double canoe, the tourist will have his taste for picturesque mountain scenery gratified in a high degree. The lake is four miles long, and one broad, and is divided into two parts by projecting ledges. The lake abounds in trout, so that the angling tourist may find this spot doubly inviting. On the route back to the city, the village of Charlesbourg is passed, it is one of the oldest and most interesting settlements in Canada. It has two churches, one of which is the centre of the surrounding farms, whence they all radiate. The reason for this singular disposal of the allotments, arose from the absolute necessity of creating a neighbourhood. For this purpose, each farm was permitted to occupy only a space of three acres in front by thirty in depth. The population was in these days scanty, and labourers were difficult to be pro- cured. By this arrangement, a road was more equally kept up in front of each farm, and it was the duty of every proprietor to preserve such road. Another advantage was the proximity of the church, whence the bell sounded the tocsin of alarm, whenever hostile attempts were made by the Indians, and where the inhabitants rallied in defence of their ptssessions. Within the citadel are the various magazines, store-houses, and other buildings required for the accommodation of a numerous garrison ; and immediately overhanging the precipice to the south, in a most picturesque situation, looking perpendicularly downwards, on the river, stands a beautiful row of buildings, containing the mess rooms and barracks for the officers, their stables, and spacious kitchens. The fortifications, which are continued round the whole of the Upper Town, consist of bastions connected by lofty curtains of solid masonry, and ramparts from 25 to 35 feet in heiglit, and about the same in thickness, bristling with heavy cannon, round towers, loophole walls, and massive gates recurring at certain distances. On the summit of the ramparts, from Cape Diamond to the Artillery Barracks, is a broad covered way, or walk, used as a place of recreation by the inhabitants, and commanding a most agreeable view of the country towards the west This passes over the top of St John's and St Louis Gate, where there is stationed a sergeant's guard. Above St John's Gate, there is at sunset one of the most beautiful views imaginable. The St Charles gambolling, as it were, in the rays of the departing luminary, the light still lin- gering on the spires of Lorette and Charlesbourg, until it fades away beyoiid the lofty mountains of Bonhomme and Tsounotithuan, present un evening scene of gorgeous and sur- 41 QUEBEC, FORTIFICATIONS, ETC. passing eplendour. The city, being defended on its land side by its ramparts, is protected on tht) other sides by a lofty wall and parapet, based on the cliflT, and comnvencing near the St. Charles at the Artillery Barracks. These form a very extensive range of buildings, the part within the Artillery Gate being occupied as barracks by the officers and men of that distinguished corps, with a guard and me«3 room. The part without the gate is used as magazines, store-houses, and offices for the ordnance department. The circuit of the fortifications, enclosing the Upper Town, is two miles and three-quarters; the total circumference outride the ditches and space reserved by government, on which no housci can be built on the west side, is about 3 miles. Founded upon a rock, and in its highest parts overlooking a great extent of country— betwt en 800 and 400 miles from the ocean — in the midst of a great continent, and yet dis- playing fleets of foreign merchantmen in its fine capacious bay, and showing all the bustle of a crowded sea-port — its streets narrow, populous, and winding up and down almost mountainous declivities — situated in the latitude of the finest parts of Europe — exhibiting in its environs the beauty of an European capital — and yet, in winter, smarting with the cold of Siberia — governed by a people of different language and habits from the mass of the population— opposed in religion, and yet leaving that population without taxes, and ia the full enjoyment of every privilege, civil and religious. Such are the prominent feature! which strike a stranger in the City of Quebec I" The stranger can have no difficulty in finding the various places and objects of interest in, and around the city, and by taking a ealeche, and making a bargain beforehand, will be able tj see a great deal in little time, and at no great cost. For particulars of the Falls of Montmorenci, and River Saguenay, see following pages. 42 .->*. •■iTr-in>ii^BtiiiiiihB1 ifHriiB MONTREAL. CITY OF MONTREAL, C. E. Tub stronaer, on npproncliing Montreal, oUIut from Quebec by the stenmer, or crossing over from tlie opposite side of the river, in coming from the States, will at once be im- pressed fnvorably with the situation of tiie eity, the business-like appearance it presents, and the pictuieiTpie scenery by which it is surrounded. Montreal is the most populous city in Canada, and in every respect must take the first rank in the province. It is situated >• l(Ht feet— built In llie Itiilliiti style. The thlid building' In view \* t)iu lliiiik of Kilt- Isil North .\nierlcii— whieh, with the I'o.ttollii'e, forms two of the llne.1t Imlliliii),'^ In the street. Still finther on, in the .Meelmnlo.-i' Library, 11 snbtantliil, pliilii, square block, with an excellent reaUlng-rooni, library, iinil hall for lectures, etc. I'r..\rK D'AUMKH, ST. JAMKS' STIIKKT. _ The hulhllnKwIth the heautirul fluted columns of the f'orlnlhlan oriler, reprosentfd above, Is the Dank of Montreal— one of the (Ine.st buildings In the cltv. The next l.ulldinK to it Is the City Hunk of Mcintrenl, 111! establishment with a much plainer e.xterlor, in tlui fireeiati style. Still further on, are some very cletfimt stores, with the Wesleyim Chapel In the UUtun'ce, nuar- er the far end of the .street. IIONSKCOIIIS MAKKKT. This is the largest, ami one of the finest buildings In the city. Krected at a cost of 4i'2s7,;)m). Used as a public market for the most part, where are sold an ex- traordinary (piantlty of provisions, vegetables, fruit, fish, besides clothing, " Yankee Notions," and an om- nium fintheriim of almost every thing required for domestic purposes. One portion of the building Is used as a police .station, as well as ollices connected with the municipal government. It is situated close to the river side jiuilt In the Grecian-Doric style of architecture. 47 IIAY.MAKKKT AND IlEAVEU HALL. The above view represents the Ilayniarket, with Heaver Hail in the hack rising ground, which, in its number of handsome churches, presents one of the tiiu'.st views in the city — more particularly in summer— with the mountain rising up behind, and filling \\\t the biickgrouiid of the picture with th ; luxuriant foliage of its shrubliery. The church with the highest spire in the above engraving, is that of St. Andrew's (Church of Scotland I. The one seen in the corner to the right, is a very handsome church, now completing for the Unitarian congregation. « f MONTREAL, VICTORIA RRIDOE, ETC. The current of tho river it very rapid — with a depth of from 4 to 10 fast, excepting in the main channel, where it it from 80 to 80 feet deep. In the winter, tlie ioe it formed Into a great thicknetn, and frequently immonio pllet accumulate — an high ai 80 to 40 feet, Thui piled up in huge houldera, tho water ruthea through them at a fearful rate, driving the block* of ice along, and crushing all before them. Tlie bridge will coniltt of '24 itrong piert, ttandlng 242 feet apart, excepting the centra ■pan, which i« 839 feet wide. They are all perpendicular on three >ldet, and ilopo down to the water-edge agalnit the current, to ai to withitand the force and action of the float- ing mawes of ice, on Ita breaking up. Eacli pier i« estimated to withstand the force of' ' »i a-it'.v.iv ' , ; iit |)ile« lem. ntr* own jj lost- ^'• !« of ^ hlob , ■A ? lo- ll! be irhole Ineer TRIP FROM MONTREAL TO OTTAWA. MONTREAL TO OTTAWA, 0. W. Thi8 honiitlfiil route may bo travermMl either hy rull from Montreal to I'roiwott Junction, ftcid tlii'iRf liy ruil to Ottawa, ai iletcrilicd vlNewlieru; or it may bo talieii by way of rail tu Laehinu, «teatiicr from Ijicliiae to Carrillon, rail from Carrilloii to ()'-«iiville, and (iren- ?tlk to UttAwa by steamer aga\u. Uy tliis route it will be neen that there are tevoral «)MUigM to bo made, which cannot be avoided, ou account of the rapid* on the river, which osnnot be " run" by tlie atoamer. This route ii ono ro little known, that, notwithitanding tlie diMdvantiiKcH which chang- ing »o often prcHentt, we have thought it advl«able to give a brief account of the trip to Ottawa, an niado by ua latt June, addrcMiinjj ouritelvea aa if the reader were going, k'ro- eeeding in cab or omnibua to (iritfintown — 1^ ndlea from i>oat-otilce, Montreal — yuu arrive and book at the Lachino Kallroad Ue|H>t; fare through to Ottawa, Hntt clasa, $8; second clnaa, $% Strange to «ay, no baggiigc ia " checked through," on thia route aa via Grand Trunk railroad, or the other lines in tlic United States. Started on the cara, therefore, with a atring of ticketa to and from the dllfcrent points on your way, you aoon reach Lachine, nine inileit off. At Lachiue you change cant, and Htep on board the steamer " Lady Simpson" in watting, and once under weigh, y