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N"v,"'j' &r J Pl^UlTS OF l-AND Monopoly ►^i^i.-^^^ S' •><*'? I' t#^ Lockouts. Strike. (Jflemployed Aleii, J ^m-^ tt, ^«»8eNsi^"iB '^^ ^J^,^^ ts i^jLLiSi- o.-lign. ."c -g*.' THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. CurxaidA ^'.,>J { ^i .^S>^ "A \ ~t^. ...«■^' Oion«.y /v«.4frtt,iveri ' ^UN/TED STATU. 1 1 'estminsier Review : — ",' Of the 72,ooo,cxx) acres of this country,' says the Financial Reform Almanac for 1892, 50,000,000 are ' owned ' by less than 15,000 persons, and of these 50 millions, no less than 30 millions are 'owned 'by 15 persons." ^ll k MAP THE UNITED STATES. " 180, 5?4 persons practically ' own' the whole of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 10,000 persons 'own' two-thirds of England and Wales, 300 two-thirds of Scotland, 1,900 two- thirds of Ireland." THE LAND QUESTION-ILLUSTRATED. m^i "More can be made out of t)ie man by o\\ ning the land he^lives on, than by owning thelinan. " JOHN RUSKIN:— " Bodies of men, land, water and air, are the principle of those things which are not, and which it is criminal to consider as, personal or exchangeable property." A*w I not A ^^ri \<\b ) P^rL-wk. Vf.,x >^« i. +. % HORACE QREELY :— " He who has no clear, inherent rij^ht to live somewhere has no right to'live^at all.' Saxon Proverb, quoted by SHARON TURNER :— > " A landless man is an unfree man. ' THE LAND QUESriON— ILLUSTRATED. JOHN LOCKE :- " No man could ever have a just claim over the lile of another by right of property in land." HERBERT SPENCER:— •' Kciuity, therefore, does not permit pro|)crty in land. For if one portion of the earth's surface may justly become the possession ot an individual, and may be held by him for his sole use and benefit, as a thing to which he has an exclusive right, then other Voitions of the earth's surface may be so held ; and eventually the whole of the earth's surface may be so held ; and our planet may thus lapse altogether into private hands. " HENRY QEOROE :— ' ' What we ought to strike at first and strike at hardest is the bottom monopoly, the parent of all. Men lived without gas. Men lived, drawing their water from wells and springs, before water works. Men lived without railways. Aye, men have lived and could live again without money. Kut no man ever lived, no man ever can live, without land." C^r^tJt^ iUlT) ^ ?dviit£ Probeirl'y inLJ&ntff The L6R04 Tut fc.A\TH HAIN Hi Ciuai T4 T« CrtaOMrJ Of MCfi ' Ufiw ^A^^^l(^it>l J. A. FROUDE :— " Under the feudal system the proprietor was the Crown, as representing the nation ; while the subordinate tenures were he Id with duties attached to them, and were liable, non- fulfilment, to forfeiture." St. OREaORY the GREAT :— " Those who make private property of the gift of God (land) pretend in vain to be innocent For in vhus retaining the substance of the poor they are the murderers of those who die every day for the want of it. " , Professor W. A. HUNTER, M.A., L.L.B. :— "The English landlord system, so far from having any moral basis, is founded upon a supercilious contempt of the only moral principle that can afford any justification for private property in land. " THOMAS CARLYLE :— " Properly speaking the Land belongs to these two : To the Almighty God and to alt His Children of Men that have ever worked well on it, or shall ever work well on it. No generation of men can or could, with never such solemnity and effort, sell Land on any- other principle : it is not the property of any generation, we say, but that of all the past generations that have worked on it, and of all the future ones that shall work on it. " THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. JOHN STUART MILL :— " When the 'sacredness of property ■ is talked of, it should be remembered that any such sacredness does not belong in the same degree to landed property. No man made the land. It is the original inheritance of the whole species. Its appropriation is wholly a ques- tion of general expediency. When private property in land is not expedient it is unjust. " CARDINAL MANNING :- "The land question means hunger, thirst, nakedness, notice to quit, labor spent in vain, the toil of years seized upon, the breaking up of homes, the misery, sickness, deaths of parents, children, wives, the despair andwildness which spring uj) in the hearts of the poor, when le^al force, like a sharp harrow, goes over the most sensitive and vital right of manKind. All this IS contained in the land question." " I just dropped in, Sir, to ask it you believe that God made tlie Earth, and if so, that He made it for all Mis thildrcn alike?" '• of course I so believe, Ood is no respecter of per- sons." " Then, if one man appro- priated to his own private use the whole Earth, without giving an equivalent of its value, he would be doing an injustice to liis fellow-men f " ** He would, most assurcd- "Theii, il any number of men appropriate any por- '.lon of the common hcrlta(»e without giving an etiuivalcnt to the rcst,theinjusticcwnuld be the same in character* " "True — there's nn duuht about that! " "But, if that equivalent were civen, wouldn't the ci|ual Natural Ri?ht of All he vi idicated, and the ends of perfect Justice be metf " "Unquestionably; buthow can you fix that equivalent, as you call It? " "Nothing simpler — it's an- nual value to the Appropria- torj in other words, what the presenceof Population makes It worth in the shape of Rent." " Yes, that seems reason- able enough." " That rental value could lie taken in the lorm of a tax annually, all other taxes, di- rect orindirect,beintf abolish- ed." " I see ! that would relieve labor of burdens now borne, but how about landlord r " " It would only extinguish Landlordism, that's all. But if, as you believe, God made the Earth for All, He never meant that some should live in idleness, on the labor of others. 'Whosowill not work shall not eat," you know." "Young man, there's Chris- tianity and sound reason in these idei>s, which are quite new to me. Now, if those crank Anti-Poverty people would devote themselves to something of this sort. Sir, these are the doctrines which the Anti-Poverty men advocate, and which your Ministerial Association de- clares it understands thor- oughly, Coo To Live, on The LA,n1> ! Right Hon. Justice LONQFIELD (Cobden Club Essays) :— " Property in land differs in its origin from property in any commodity produced by human labor ; the product of labor naturally belongs to the laborer who produced it; but the same argument does not apply to land, which is not produced by labor, out is the gift of the Creator of the world to mankind. Every argument used to give an ethical foundation for the exclusive right of private property in land has a latent fallacy.** THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. ADAM 5MITH (IVraitft ^/ /Vrt/'/<7«.r) .•- " Ihe wood of the lorcst, the j,'rass of the tielcl, and nil the natural fruits of the eaitli, which, when land was in <-oninion, lost the laborer only the trouble of gathering them, come even to him, to have an additional price fixed upon them, when land has become private pro |)erty. He must then pay lor license to gather them, and must pivc up to the landlord a por- tion of what his labor either collcctsor produces. This portion, or what comes to the saiiir thing, the |)rice of this portion, constitutes the rent of land." Bishop NULTY :- " "The land of every country is the common |)roperty of the people of that country." FRANCIS E. WILLIARD :- mUprv'l?ll!;n-^'" ^^T *° ^^y ^Y^^l ^^''^^^ ^^^ present ec .r ,ic condition of the country, the 1? hev rn,.M w I k"' K'^^^u' ^^^ ^^^^ ""^ber of the ui.c;r;.]oyed, call for reforms Which, of fhn^Jr^ be brought about, would vastily dimmish tiie tendency to drink, and that one Hs great atoX,HX'G^^^^^^^ ""speakabfe benefKence i. the single tax, as set forth by Professor ZACHARIE {The Eminent German Jurist) - ' ''■* f« fv,» r^F ^^^ sufferings, against which civilised nations have to struggle, may be referred to the exclusive right ofproperty in the soil as their source." r" MR. HENRY GEORGE THE DISCOVERER OF " THE SINGLE TAX SYSTEM" AND AUTHOR OF "progress and POVERTY," " SOCIAL PROBLEMS," "the land QUESTION," AND OTHER WELL- V KNOWN WORKS. Vw» _ *- be referred THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. HENRY QEORQE (/« Protection or Free Trade) .— "This bull, the very type of massive strength, who, because he has not wit enough to see how he might be free, suffers want in sight of plenty, and is helplessly preyed upon by v/eaker creatures, seems to me no unfit emblem of the working classes. " ANDREW CARNEQIE :— "The greatest discoveryjof my life is that the men who do the work neve* get rich." THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. " The community creates land values. The community makes government expenses necessary. Pay the one with the other, instead of allowing land owners to appropriate the natural revenues." New York Sun, Aug. 26, i8gi : — "The best and surest subject of taxation is the thing that perforce stays in one place — that is, land. " St. Louis Chronicle : — "Take the annual rental value of land for taxes, thus relieving all improvements, regardless of their value. " United States Supreme Court : — "The reserved right of the people to the rental value of land must be construed as a condition to every deed. " New York limes, January 10, i8gi . — " The ideal taxation lies in the single land tax, laid exclusively on the rental value of land, independent of improvements." TAXED FOR. PoBUc R.£- IaJ> R.Lv£NUt 6o€5 To l-AfJDLORtl(^ 2:1^ iP^'tt I €5*^ &\ ' i London Tines: — " One rises from a reading of ' The Land Question,' that weighty but most fascinating book, with a conviction of the justice of the theory advanced." Grand Rapids Workman : " Over three columns of matter in the ' Chicago Herald' of Monday last was'devoted to tlie lecture of Henry George in Chicago the day previous on ' Business Depressions. ' Time was when the Herald had hardly a good word to say of Mr. George and his theories. It is one bright spot in the cloud of depression to-day to read the sayings of such men as Mr. George, men who are not politicians and who make no claim to being statesmen, but who are alone actuated by honest convictions, and who have made a life study of human ills and woes." The Hon. A. S. HARDY:— " There was truth in the statement that the assessment law was complicated. He admitted this, but insisted that it could not be avoided, except possibly by the acceptance of the single-tax. * * * j^ his opinion there was no scientific law of taxation in the world unless it was a single tax upon land values or a tax on incomes." — {Extract from Speech in the Local Assembly, April 15, 18Q4. 10 THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. SttdoUii CEASE FiGKr'NO f^>^t> THE C0^A^A0^» Pot NCf ByT TAK-ES THE Hon. JAMES G. MAQUIRE :— " Labor and capital struggle with each other in vain attempts to shift the burdens ol excessive rent. The land monopolist who exacts the rent tribute is so strongly intrenched that neither labor nor capital thinks of trying to beat down the speculative rent tide which is stranglinj^ them both. * * * Production, by reason of this unatural pressure of speculative or excessive rent, gradually becomes unprofitable everywhere. Stagnation ensues, and labor and capital, m utter helplessness, awaits the inevitable hour of their universal bankruptcy. '' DR. wealtl impec FOR SWEET CHARITY'S SAKE 5I5M0NDI:- ' Let the great landlords beware ; if once they believe that they have no need of the people, « the people may in their turn think that they nave no need of them. " Ton and 1 and i some burdens of jr intrenched ide which is speculative ;s, and labor (ankruptcy. '' THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. II onnt C'-r will ^mt*r,tft at "« / »fcd IJOJOO ^t>«U». i«».NSAir(B Ai K Hi»i Of nif Point 1 ' T ' r^ i^^z ■r^*\ >u< Heuiu, DR. McOLYNN :- " While the tax on land values promotes industry and therefore increases private wealth, taxes upon industry act like a fine or a punishment mflicted upon industry ; they impede and restrain and finally strangle it. " r ^te» 3 need of the Ton L. JOHNSON :— '* Tht present hard times have been felt all over the world, in countries of low tarififs and high tariffs ; in countries with little money and those with plenty of money ; in monarchies and in republics. The real cause cannot be tariffs, or money, or form of government ; it is something that we find everywhere — the monopoly of land, tne source of all production." THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. ."fco .C^^''^'^^ Jv^ewj^ LABOR AND CAPITAL TO ACTION (l900) " After a close examination and study of ' Progress and Poverty ' the greatest work on political economy ever published, labor ancl capital ceased quarrelling over their differences, become united, and, as a result, immediately dispensed with imaginary services of landlordism. ' THt SmilTAX sysrm CONTEMPUTES IHE abolition OFJHnAHIFF ano All TAXES ON LABOR f>RDl>UCTS, AND THE TACTION ON Li OF LAND VALUES. The Right Hon. JOHN MORLEY ;— "The question of the unearned increment will have to be faced. It is unendurable that great increments which have been formed by the industry of others should be absorbed by people who have contributed nothing to that increase.— (5/a(fihq for _ ifie f>n^ifeQe. of- fiavma dec ess to nafurctf 0/6 ■ PorttJnihes. D.Jo/ance of-M/afd <^^^^"-r?S^ evfo/ tvh/'cfi td^ar itest work 011 r differences, andlordism. " HENRY aEORQE {Progress and Poverty) .— " If one man can command the land upon which others must labor, he can appropriate the produce of their labor as the price of his permission to labor. The fundamental law of nature that her enjoyment by man shall be consequent upon his exertion is thus violated. The one receives without producing, tbe others produce without receiving. The one is unjustly enriched, the others are robbed. " unendurable be absorbed of Commons, •3,000.000 ACfiCS. " The Single Tax is not a tax on the area of land, but on the value of land, irrespective .of improvements. With a local option taxation act, any municipality can, if it desires, abolish all other taxes, and-» levy single tax on land values as its basis for revenue. " 14 THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. The^li'f'^' /Ninety. Si\ Stupid Ninety-Six (The People)— "I say old tellow, ain't you hai' quite enougn oui of me ? " Big Four (Protected Classes)—" Not yet my boy. Just a little m-i -r-e $$$$$$. Fact is, without me you'd have nothing to pay at all." Hon. Ton L. JOHNSON ;— " The foreign goods that compete with the goods of our manufacturers and trusts arc heavily taxed at the Custom House, but foreign laborers are admitted free of duty. " R' THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. «5 R'THARD COBDEN ;— "I warn ministers, and I warn landowners and the aristocracy of this country, against forcing on the attention of the middle and industrial classes, the subject of taxation. For great as 1 believe the grievance of the protective system, mightly as I consider the fraud and injustice (it the Corn Laws, I verily believe, if you were to bring forward the history of taxation in this country for the last 1 50 years, you will find as black a record aga-nst the landowners as even in the Corn Law itself. I warn them against ripping up the subject of taxation. If they want another league at the death of this one — if they want another Organisation and a motive— then let them force the middle and industrial classes to understand now they have been cheated, n ibbed, and bamboozled. " ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE ('Malay Archipelago,' 1868).— " We permit absolute possession of the soil of our country with no legal rights of exist- ance on the soil to the vast majority who do not possess it. A great landholder may legally convert his whole property into a forest or hunting ground, and expel every human being who has hitherto lived upon it. In a thickly populated country like England, where almost every acre has its owner and occupier, this is a power of legally destroying his fellow-creatures ; and that such a power should exist, and be exercised by individuals, in however small a degree, indicates that as regards true social science, we are' still in a state of barbarism. "^^ d trusts are THE PEOPLES "The assessment laws of Ontario specially favors monopoly and the monopoly of mineral resources. According to the Act, all mineral lands are valued and estimated at the same value as other lands in the neighborhood used for agricultural purposes. Why are not our mines developed ? Bt cause a few men are allowed to own who will notfdevelop them, nor j)ermit others to, until the ' owners ' are paid a monoply price for the 'privilege. [ Put a Single Tax on, then note the result. " LORD COLERIDGE :— " I should myself deny that the mineral treasures under the soil of a country belong to a handful of surface proprietors in the sense^that this gentleman appeared to think^they did (i.e., to do with as he pleased)." General FRANCIS WALKER (" First Lessons in Political Ecomony ») .— " It certainly is true that any increase in the rental value or selling value of land is dua, not to the exertions and sacrifices of the owners of the land, but to the exertions and sacrifices of the community. It is certainly true that economic rent tends to increase with the growth of wealth and population, and that thus a larger and larger share of the product of industry tends to pass into the hands of the owners of land, not because they have done more for society, but because society has greater need of that which they control. " i6 THE LAND QUESTION— ILLUSTRATED. REPUBLICAN AUTHORITY • } ■ ♦ < < • CENSUS AGENT GEORGE K. HOLMES DivlAion of Population : WorkingJClass, - 52 Middle Class, 39 Capitalist Class, - 8 3-5 per cent Distribution of Wealth ; Working Class, - 41-2 percent Middle Class, - 24 " Capitalist Class, - 71 " IT" 'Jv;;--^»^< THE MARCH OF DEMOCRACY To Our Readers : If this little book of tales has interested you, been a source of profit to you, has increased your desire to learn further of what is a growing factor in our social life, we can do no better than to advise you earnestly and candidly, to study the works of Mr. Henry George, who, in the goodness of his heart and mind, sends throughout the world a new gospel — the gospel of justice and freedom for all mankind — and from his works, you will learn to appreciate the needs and necessities of our fellows and how to apply yourselfto aiding a worthy cause — The Land for the People. Toronto, March, 1895. cmmmM\ ff ' j^^-^flku ^tlj^^^^^. ■.Iw'«ft^l i4i^^^:&^/mji- M •:*S^K!}'!^& m ■^i-^*: , iSit -^^"•»r ■' " ■/^. ■ ffvi yi - ^ nan mmUmmmi wm '-i4*4wl~> ' iM'-'.'f ■ y /c^'M—'u:-^/i 'i,--'iL~'Ji -'ii ^jfOBf^af^, 'y^ yvisuisahiu/isjf^itjiaiaassfrsjf. Ul w*r« ■ youns awa ii should ally nyMit with mum high and at pmant nnpopular caiue. and !dav«ta my arary affort to aeoonplUhlns its snceeas.— John G. Whittler. ace. 4. anvAN, p»mu»M€h, ia oouar araiiCT, renoNTo Vti»*S."W?'?''JW ^••:MJ'»i*V T-w-,- tw.;v».-j-iK'ijr»»lw-»*»«,- ,. .-,