IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■-IIM |50 ™^^ IM 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 J4 ^ 6" - ► V] <^ /] 7 7 Photographic Sciences Corpomtion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographlcally unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frcmes as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s A des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmi A partir de Tangle supirieur gauche, de gauche d droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivant3 illustrent la mdthode. rata elure. 3 I2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i / 94. The Manitoban. " Not icicles, then, after all," she said, with another laugh. "Oh Helen. Come." She has heen my wife three years, and my household hearth has never been cold for want of the sunshine of a <^aA loving heart. Lieutenant, now Colonel CallVrton, is in the army, and his wife is spending the Christmas holidays with us, waiting, in cheerful, holy faith, until the end of the war, sha'l restore him to her. [Godey's Lady's Book.] Tl^e Red River l?0yageuF. BY HOX J. W. T.VYLOR, U.S CONSUL. (FOR TIIK MANITOIIAM.) AT midnight with the list stroke of the clock, ushering in tht >^^ seventeenth day of December, 1S91, the eighty-fourth anniversary of the birth of John (Jreenleaf Whittier, the bells of Saint lilonifaoe commemorated liy the An.erican poet in his beautiful lyric of tiie "Red llivcr Voya^eur" rang a joy- peal by direction of His (Jrace Arch- bishop Tache. This graceful tribute re- vives the oft recurring intere.st in the poem supposed to have been published about the year 1854 and which is here reproduced : — ■ THE RED RIVER V0V.\9EUR. Out and in the river is wiiidinjf The links of its loii({, red chain, Through belts of dusky iiine-land And ifUBty leajfues of plain. Only at times, a smoke wreath With the drifting' clotid-raok joins,— The smoke of the hiiniin^,' lodges Of the wild Assinihoiiies 1 Drearily blows the north-wind Krom the laTid of iie and snow : The eyes that look are weary. And heavy the hands that row. And with one foot on the water And ore u|ioii the shore, The Anjfel of Shadow gives warning That day shall be no more. Is it the clang of wild geese Is it the Indians yell. That lends to the voice of the north-wind The tones of a far-off bell 'I The voyaguer smiles as he listens To the sound that grows apace ; Well he knows the vesper ringing Of the bells of St. Honiface. The bells of the Roman Mission, That c 11 from their turrets twain, To the boatman on the river, To the hunter on the plain ! Even so in our mortal journey The bitter north-winds blow And thus upon life's Red River Our hearts, as oarsmen, row. And when the Angel of Shadow Rests his feet on wave and shore. And our eyes grow dim with watching And our hearts faint at the Oar. Happy is he who hcareth The signal of his relea.se In the bells of the Holy City, The chums of etern.il peace. The local color of these lines is so com- plete (except perhaps the "belts of dusky pine lands") as to suggest the enquiry whether Whittier ever saw the Red River of the north, but it is now understood that like Longfellow w'.th the scenes of Hiawatha there was iio personal identity with them by the pjets. The Indian lore of Schoolcraft inst/ired the imagination of Longfellow and Wlnttier was aided by the vivid mtnnoir of a visit to Selkirk in 1851, by J. W. Bond, published as an appendix to "Minnesota as it is," a volume in the interest of immigration, widely circulated at that period. Thus the poet alludes to the "turrets twain" of the "Roman Mission" from which the bells of St. Ronitace "call to the boatman on the river and the hunter on the plain." Such was the form of the old wooden church of Jiishop Provcncher, but in the winter of 18G0 this humble imitation of Notre Dame was burned and the present cathedral, an edifice of a single tower, was erected. There is a popular designation — the "Travelling Bells of St. Boniface" which has an interesting signiticance. Wiien they were first cast in London by instruc- tions from Bishop Provencher tiny were sent by the usual trip to York Factory, Hudson's Bay, but the packages being bulky the voyageurs of that day declined to cary them over the numerous portages between York Factory and Norway House. The next year the Bishop made a special arrangeuient with Andrew !Mc- Dermott for their transportation. The summer following the destruction of the church and the wreck of the bells Bishop Ta' he was in London and liie bell founder offered to recast them if the broken and melted bell-metal was caie- fully gathered from the ruins and sent to him. Tlie packages were accordingly sent across the ocean, recast, returned toward ing ]slewt« by s.l^i| Paul accom| and {ultUlJ consei In I (iovel after \)ina close! duciij that I The Manitoba^. 95 wn i ^ so cora- of dusky ^'"quiry cenes of [detitity lian Joie 'ition of ided l,y kiilf i„ as an is," ,1 Ji-ation, tiiiTets from ^caJJ to 'milter oi tJie nohcr, umljJe 'd and of a -the 'hich "lien ;ruc- vern iini' lied Sfes 'ay de re- >n Is e towards Davis Straits, V)ut the vessel be- ing driven by a storm into iSt John's, Newfoundland, the bells were forwarded by ship to Portland, Maine, i)y rail to St. Paul and by ox-cart to .St IJoniface, tiius accomplishing their third Atlantic voyage and for more than twenty years have fullilled the mission to which they were consecrated more than half a century ago. In 1851 Alexander Ramsay, tirst (iovernor of the Territory of Minnesota, after closing an Indian council at Pem- bina visited Fort Uarry, and T cannot close this article better than by repro- ducing his picture of the i\od River of that day : "Imagine u. river flowing sluggishly northward thrtnigh a flat alluvial {)lain, and the west of ic lined continuously for over thirty miles with cultivated farms, each presenting those appeai'ances of thrift around them wliich I mentioned as sui-nnnnling the tii'st farms seen by us, each f . in with a narrow frontage on the river of only twenty-four rods in width, but extending back for one or two miles, and each of these n.arrow farms havine its dwellings and outbuildings spread all along the river front, wilh nice lawns sloping to the water's edge, and shrubbery and vines twined around them, and trees intermingled, the whole presenting the appearance of a long suburban village, such as you might see near our eastern seaboard, or such as you find exhibited in pictures of English country villages, with the semblance rendered mere striking by the spires of several large churches peep- ing above the foliage of the trees in the distance. Whitewashed school houses glisten here and there amid sunlight and green, gentlemen's houses of pretentious dimensions, and grassy lawns and elabor- ate fencing, the st-ats of retired oflicers of the Hudson's Bay Company, occasionally i!iterspersed : here an English bishop's parsonage, with a boarding or high school near by, and over there a Catholic bishop's massive cathedral, with a convent of the Sisters of Charity attached, while the two large stone forts (nt which reside the ofHcers of the Hudson's Bay Company, or of the colony, one called Upper Fort Garry, and .situated at the mouth of the 'V.ssinil)oine and t!ie other termed Lower Fort Garry, which is twenty miles further down the river), helped to give additional picturesqueness to the scene." Tfie Buffalo. WHERE TIIEY COULD BE FOUXD TWENTV- FIVE VEAK8 AGO. WHILE a country covered by forests can by no means be rich in incident and adven- ture the rule dons not apply to the great plains of the Northwest, where at one time a region of vast extent, covei'ed by rich grass and drained l)y rivers hundreds and even thousands of miles long was inhabited only by wandering tribes of Indians who procured nearly all the ruds necessaries of life from the wild herde that inhabited the prairies, enjoying an almost contiiuial holiday, their enjoyment diversified only by the excitement of the chase or the dangers of the battle field. It is to be regretted tiiat so little is known of the strange history of the past. The few who remember the doings of those wild times are fast passing away and the whule savage romance is fading from rememl)rance. Twenty- five years ago some large detachments of the great buffalo herds, when on their way north from the plains of the Missouri, wandered into *^.he dis- trict enclosed by ttie great bend of the Pembina, which encircles the country around Pilot Mound. There were hun- dreds of thousands of the animals ; the plains on every side were black with moving life ; on the shores of Rock and Swan lakes at\d for about fifteen miles along the Peml)ina the woods were full of buffaloes. The cows had their Cu'ves with them and the active, little :od animals, accompanied by their watchful and attentive mothers, gave an additional interest to the wonderful assemblage of wt the continued roaring wild catth and frequent combat of the bulls, which at that time were unusually ferocious, made a scene never to be forgotten by tho.se who still live to speak of M re- markable appearance. The buflalo seem to have remained for a considei'able time in the country along the river and many of the old pathways made to and from ]r..i7iB 96 The Manitoban. the watering places are still distinctly visible, while hut^e rocks that stand isolated along the bank of the creek have been almost dislodged from their founda- tions by the huge bulls boring around the stones with the heads down in rage and excitement, and even yet the old trenches remain, forming a deep hollow round ea'h large stone. No doubt the hundreds of buffalo heads and bones that were every whf^re on the plains when the Hrst settlers entered tiiis district were portions of the remains of the great herds that occupied the shores of the lakes and river that summer. When the animals at length moved north, Kock and Swan lakes were seen to be full of swimming buffaloes and altiiough these .sheets of water are about a mile wide the buffaloes had no difficulty in crossing and even the calves kept their places midst the shaggy and partly submerged herds. — Pilot Mound Sentinel. Bpitisli Columbia's Cities. BY E. A. B. ^ I HE cities of British Columbia are JL Victoria, New Westminster, Van- couver and Nanaimo. Victoria and Nanaimo are on the south eastern end of Vancouver Island, and the other two are on the mainland. Victori.a is the oldest, having been first settled in 1843 by the Hudson's Bay Company, who established a post there in that year. In 1849 Vancouver Island was made a Crown colony and in 18.^0 the mainland terri- tory was also made a colony with the name of British Columbia. In 1866 the two colonies were united, and in 1871 be- came a province of the Canadian Confed- eration, retaining the name of British Col- umbia. Vancouver Island was discovered by Juan de Fuca in 1592, and that was probably tlie northern limit of Spanish exploration on the Pacific coast of Amer- ica. A few Spanish names in the neigh- borhood still remain as evidence of Span- ish discovery and occupation. Until the discovery of gold on the Columbia and Fraser rivv-; in 18">6 by prospectors who wandereU i jrthward from California after the great gold fever in that state in '49, the trade of the British Columbia terri- tory was almost exclusively in furs and no progre-^s Ii.t' been m ide in the way of industriil development, but the discovery of gold soon brought in hundreds of peo- ple who established themselves in various occupations according to their meaiiSjinclin- ations and opportunities, and towns and settlements (juiikly sprang into existence. The gold boom, however, was short-lived; pai tial depression and apathy succeeded, and the prospects for advancement were discoiiragin'.; — the colonies being separ- ated from the Canadas by four ranges of mountains and 1,300 miles of unoccupied terrtory on the one hand, and their inter- course with California hampered by na- tional distinctiofjs on the other — when the confederation of the British American colonies, with an invitation to British Columltia to join on terms of unlooked for liberality, opened to the isolated colony a vista of possibilities which have sub'je- ([uently been in a large measure realized, and which will doubtless fully materialize in due time. With this brief retrospect of the coun- try's history let us now learn something of her cities. VICTOniA, being the oldest, and the capital, and chief commercial centre of the province, is pro- perly entitled to first place. This city has a pleasant situation on a small arm of the sea at the southeastern extremity of Vancouver Island (eighty nules from the mainland), and commands a superb view of the Straits of Georgia and the beautiful Olympian mountains in Wash- ington state to the south. From the lit- tle mining supply town in 1858, the place has grown in spite of its isolation for sev- eral years to be a city of considerable size and importance. The population is now probably 17,000, including about 5,- 000 Chinese. The buildings are of a good class, and much wealth is represented in the community. Although there has been a great deal of intercommunication bet- ween Victoria and the neighboring states the city is decidedly English, the; tastes, methods and habits of the early English settlers having lirmly impressed them- selves on the charactor of the buildings and business practices, and have stood