^
^^^
■w^.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
k
W
'^
< <i'
.^
%
^
/.
/.
^^
1.0
I.I
11.25
Uil^S |2.5
2f 144 ■"
^ U£ 12.0
m
U 11.6
PhptosraDhic
^Sdehces
Corporation
A
<P
i. •<
V
#
<^
*?.
V
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4S03
C^
K^
CIHM
ICIMH
Microfiche
Collection de
Series
microfiches
(IMonograplis)
(monographles)
Canadian inatituta for Historical Microraproductions / Institut Canadian d9 microraproductions historiquas
1
9
9
Technical and Biblioflraphic Notci / Notes techniques et bibliographiquet
The Institute has a^empted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any
of the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming, are
checked below.
n
n
n
n
n
Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur
Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagte
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculie
Cover title missing/
Le titre de couverture manque
Coloured maps/
Caites gAographiques en couleur
Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bound with other material/
Relie avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distorsion le long de la marge interieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may appear
withii :he text. Whenever possib^a, these have
been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches aiouties
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ce^i pages n'ont
pas ete f ilmees.
□ Additional comments;/
Commentaires supplementaires:
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il
lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet
exemplaire qui sont peut4tre uniques du point de vue
bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image
reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification
dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiqu^s
ci-dessous.
□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommagies
□ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurtes et/ou peilicul*es
I yj ^tges discoloured, stained or foxed/
UlJ Pages dteolor^s. tacheties ou piquees
□ Pages detached/
Pages ditachies
0Showthrough/
Transparence
Quality of print varies/
Qualite inegale de I'impression
□ Continuous pagination/
Pagmation continue
□ Includes index(es)/
Comprend un (des) index
Title on header taken from: /
Le titre de I'en-tCte provient:
□ Title page of issue
Page de titre de la
□ Caption of issue/
Titre de depart de la li
n
livraison
vraison
Masthead/
Generique (periodiques) de la livraison
This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filme au taux de reduction mdique ci-dessous.
10X 14X 18X
22X
26 X
30X
12X
16X
20X
24X
28X
22X
il
It
t vue
on
I
32 X
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thenks
to the generosity of:
National Library of Canada
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering t'le condition and legibility
of tSie original copy a^id in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or i:iustrated impres-
sion, and ending i^n the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol — »• (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
1
2
3
L'exemplaire film6 fut i^^iroduit grAce h la
g6n6rosit6 de:
Bibliothique nationale du Canada
Les images suivantes ont At6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettet* de I'exemplaire film6, et en
conformity avec (es conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Les ^xemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimis sont filmis en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
derniire page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration, soit par le second
plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres oxemplaires
originaux sont filmis en commenpant par la
premiere page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par
la derniAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitr^ sur la
derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A SUIVRE ", le
symbols V signifie "FIN ".
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre
filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir
de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammds suivants
illustrent la mAthode.
1
2
3
4
5
6
r
■^ .,'.
i 3>y(?
r
ON THE ROCKS AND CUPRIFER0L8 BEDS OF
PORTAGE LAKE, MICHIGAN.
By Thomas Macfarlane.
During the summer of 18G5 I was employed on the Geological
Survey of Canada it. making certain explorations on the north and
cast shores of Lake Superior. I hfid instructions to visit also the
nines of the south shore, in order to acquire some idea of the
experience there gained in mining the deposits of native copper, it
being anticipated that such might be advantageously applied in
explorations on the Canadian side of the lake. The observations
which 1 made on tlie south shore, although sufficiently interesting,
could not well find a place in a report having reference to Cana
dian territory, and, Sir William Logan having kindly consented.
I have made thoai the subject of the following paper.
One (of the most conspicuous gec^raphical features of the south
shore of Lake Superior, is Keweenaw Point. Like the rocks
constituting it, it strikes out into the lake in a north-easterly
direction for a dintanco of fifty miles. Portage Lake is situated
near its base, and together witli Sturgeon River, which flows into
Keweenaw Bay, almost severs the point from the main land. The
north-western put of Portage Lake intersects the various strata of
trap and otlier rooks which run along the whole length of Kewee-
naw Point. Wliilo to the north-eastward, at Eagle River and
elsewhere, the mines of greatest note are generally situated upon
^,i«.. «..-:.--.ng t„v .-iiir.s; VI mc trap, those m lliv uejghUourhood of
^'«^- "I- A No. 1.
2
THE CANADIAN NATITtlAMS?.
[Feb
Portage Lake arc worked almost exc'.iisivelv u|m.i. beds, tlic strike
nnd dip of wbieh arc p.iruiiel witb tbat' of the encIoHin- rocks
f-uch bcdH are not, bowever, alto-otber absent it. olbor di«rriets of
the copper re-ion, wi.ere they bave been ciillrd ■ ash beds,' but
It IS in tlie Porta-e J.uko district that they occur most frequently
uiid arc mined nio.^t successfully. The rocks with which they ar."
interstratificd are principally what are called traps and .t^reenstoncH
to-cther with conglomerates and «andstoncs. Th.'y maintain a
general strike of N. 'M' to N. W E., and h:,vc a dip of 50 to CO
north-westward.
In attempting to describe these rocks more minutely, I shall
bosm with those lying immediately west of the -reut cupriferouH
bed on winch the Quiney, Pewabie and Franklin n.ines are situated
and proceed then to notice those lying to the eastward, which are'
geologically, lower lying rocks. '
The rock which is observed at the side of the road leadin- past
the Qu.ney n.ine to thePewabie, and which lies several hundred
feet west of the cupriferous bed, is distinctly of a con.pound
••ature, but all its constituent minerals are not largo cnou-h to be
accurately determined. Conspicuous anion- them is a dark. rrecn
chlontic mineral, the grains of which vary from the smallest size
to one fourth of an inch in diameter. In the latter case they are
irregularly shaped, with rounded angles, but they arc never quite
round or ainygdaloidal., They frequently consist in the centre of
dark green lamina). The mineral is very soft and has a light
grcenish-grey streak. It fuses readily before the blow-pipe to a
black magnetic glas.s, and it would seem to be the preponderating
mineral in the rock. The other constituents arc in very fine c^rains"
and consist of a reddish-grey feld.spathic mineral, with dltinct
cleavage planes, and closely resembling it, light greenish-grey par-
t.c ea but whether of a feldspathic, pyroxenic or horablendic
nature could not bo determined. The prevailing colour of the
rock IS darfc greyish-green. Hydrochloric acid produces no effer-
vescensc with it, even when in a state of fine powder. Its specific
gravity is 2.83, and the magnet attracts a very small quantity of
magnetite from its powder. The colour of the powder when very
fine IS hglit greenish-grey. When ignited it loses 3 . 09 per cent of
Jt« weight and changes to a light brown colour. When di-ested
wiih nitric acid, and then afterwards with a weak solution of
caustic potiish (to remove free silica) it experiences, including the
loss by ignition, a loss of 46 .36 per cent. This consists of
I
r
I
!8(N3.J
JIACFARLANE-ON VVPRiymoVs ME,>s.
Silica
Alumina yZ.'.*.".";. ^^-^'^
Lime.... ^**-^7
•., . 4 47
■i'iiitrnosia.... '
Water.... 2.03
3.09
.u per tcut., wliicli consists of
»>»Jica
• O 4Q
Alumina ', ,
Poroxidc of iron .. ..'.'.' f 'JJo
Lime... ^''^
Magnesia ...!!'.'.■ ^-Jl^
do
Tlie undccomnosed residue wis ^t;u r i . '
■""1 an anproxinKite Monw.f,. . • -^ "*^ ^'"tc-r was tlie Iieav er.
l'<'m Hie l^-ht col' 1,1 J, n • '"" '"'»■""■■ •>» '"-I "-hollv
<ne or Iiornblendc. In ouuitltv I ,. ''"'"■'' ^'^'"^'^
<ighth of tl. felspar. tL h2V T",''. "' """' """
to a colourless irl-fss tm , ""' ^"'^^^ ^^««''>- l^«<oro the blowpipe
iouuess glass, tm-in- the flame fitron-Iv voll.nv r. ii
iliercforc seem tn Im ,p +i . „ "^^ j'<H'>w. jt woud
..ni. ^n,„., :i;:of 4 ;t:,: • tr «^ "" ■'" ;' '-
o Crard, „oi,l,cr hfcadorito, no p " «„ „„. ' ""'"""''
•IccompoMblo bv nitrio nri,I i P)'™™-' nor mviiclilo ar,,
tie mineral. On tea L . ! T ""^ ™ ""*" "^ ""■ '"""■■
l.y<l«cl,lorio add r„r„ , ""'■' r>'°"^ *" if.'"i'i™, with
Although «,et;,"r'!°i "'° ":?" '^ ■•"-ovJ «» protoxide.
•ho wh* of .iteTrT^ otir:„?/'"™'' ' ""^ ™'™'"*"'
differcnoe of weiM.t hl,„ . ' ^ ^"^ '"°'™™' '"''l'"' the
loa. sustained T; W. ^'^a I) l^^"'" "™ - l-o-'"- .» the
««ld U °'''°'""' """«' """■''"I to 100 part.
THE OANADfAN NATI RAI,/«T
'"'••'^'a; :il.70
Alumina 15. 17
I'rotoxidc of iron !iS.S7
'^""0 f) ,;4
Miij^nosia 4 j^
^«t«r y.CT
[A'b.
100. 00
In these lij,'uro8 the quantity of iron is much gro;.ti>i-. an.l th-.t
of niajrnesitt much Iohh than in ordiniuy chlorite. L, its coniiK.
Htion, and in being easily decon.posod by acid.s, the mineral most
cloHoly resembles the ferruginous chlorite of Deles.se,* (ti,e dch-ssif,.
ofN«umann),but differs from it in containing a considvraSle
amount of lime, and in being readily fused before the blow-pi,,..
As«unung, ncvorthele.s.s, that the chloritic constituent is delessit,.
and that one half of the iron removed by hydrochloric acid belon-s
to the magnetite, then the rock would be composed mincralogicdl>
Delessitc 40.3(5
Labradoritc 47 4'j
Pyroxene or liornblende 5 . 20
Magnetite q j)^
1 he next rock to the eastward, to which I paid son.c attention
IS that which constitutes the hanging w.dl of the Quincy Mine'
It ,s a fine-grained mixture of reddish-grey feldspar, and dark
green dole«sit.>, the former predominating. In this mixture lar-ror
crystals of feldspar and larger rounded grains of the ferruginous
chlorite are occasionally discernible. Its sp. gr. is 2.83. The powder
18 of a reddish-grey tint, and the magnet shews the presence in it
ot a trace of magnetite. On ignition it changes to light brown,
f}^'". 31.07
i^'""""* 15.47
Peioxide of iron 22.21
Protoxide of manganese. , traces
fl'™**! 0.46
Ji'^"^^'* 19.14
Water , , II 55
Bi« hoi : Chemical and Piiysical Geology, ill, 228.*
'1
I860.] »lA.F.iRl..»NI!-«S . . l.K|,KKOI,» HBlW. J
.,,,,„„,,, ,,, ,„,, ,H H. ,„i,,, „,,,,, ,,i». , „,., ,„„r;
r<M k .{.>.. 11 jKjr coat, of btwes, c(m«i«tii.jj of
Alumina ^ ..,
IVroxi.lo ofimii 15 04
liimc , ...
Majnu'sia « .,
' • • ti , ii4
which, a«uh,les.s, principally hdonj, to the .hloritic n.incn.I Th<.
.•o«u „o contains a very sn.all .p.antity of the heavier ...n-l darker
™ Uuont whK-h wa.. founa in the rock fir..t d..cril.e.|. V
reMdne ,.s not decon.pos,.d by c<,ncentrated .sulphuric acid
-N^'xt, ,n downward .uc-ession, c.uncs the cupriferous bed u^eno-
.ally known a« , ho • Pewabic Lode/ althou.l! it ,k,s.c J ' ,•
" '-^ ^ >-"cters of a vein. It has a thiekne. of! ut 12 Tt
■md n. places re^n.blcs the rock which constitutes the fl.ot-wall . ^
ar UKS It differs however, con.pletely fron. that rock. It is ,
add structure and uneven, aln.ost earthy fracture. tL
" atru son.et.mcs contains so.ne sn.all a.ny,.dules, which a.-o ..ot
natr.x.sfus.blo to a black, slightly m.agnetic glass. It is h^
places .mpreg,.atcd with grains of '...ct.llic copper, fro m",;
Uiose ot a st.ll larger s.zo very generally project from the
n^ ru .nto the a.nygdules, or form rounded partLos lying eirl
uith.n hese cav.t.es, and filling them. The copper is here accom
pamed by a mineral of u light green colour, vel^ soft, L "
aWe rom the roc-k as a green powder. It' fus^^ befo e"he bW-"
p.pe to a black sl.ghtly magnetic gla«s. On ig,.ition it changes I
a light yelow colour losing 0.4 p. c. of its weight. It is deeomp^sll
by hydrochloric acid and the resulting solutL contains ^XZl
results, m which all the iron is calculated as protoxide and the
.lifference between it and peroxide put down as water
^f ^• 46.48
Alumina j^ ^.
Protoxide of iron ; ', 21 17
^^"^e *.'.*.'.*"" 9*89
^^^°^i« ".*. trace
TIIK CANADIAN NATJIRALIHT.
AIlcalicH,
Wjjter...
[Feb.
1 .1)7 by difforcnc©.
2.78
100
rt IS probably „ variety ..J" jm-oncarth. Son.e of tho nmv-.Iul..M
foun.1 aIo„,, w.th tbo..rcH.„.oa.tl.. .1... two .nin..n.ls .onorally • .
>yn.,.soparatop„,.s of tl. cavity. Vn-y fVcpu-.^ly t! ': .
«ti I I "' T'"'""''; •^'•••'-I'i'-tho....trixi...J
compact ami . lark.r ..olou.v.i. a,.,l the amy.,lul..s arc .xcl.,..ivolv
filled w.th calcspar, without any eno!osi„, fi,... of „.,.,..,,
^«.et.„u. ,ua,,.. ,.h.sslt,.. iau.ma.tit. an.l preh.itc occur
b. J? the cav.t.c.s. T„ ,na„y , .Hs of tho bcl, lar^e irregular
atchcs a.ul yom. of clesp-.r are see,, through "which and
U^ro..,b the adjonnn, rock, ru.. 1...... in-e,..lar ,nas.sc.s of copper
ro.,nonty we..h.n,. several to,., with which .small riuantitils of
n=a.ve s.lve,- are a.ssoc.at.-d. Kpidote U also often „,et with in the
bod, s^nerally unconnected with ♦!... an.y^dules, and fonnin-^ sn.ail
rrep;nlar n,a,sses .„ th<, choclate-clon,-..! n„.k. The for;.,in..
doscnpt.on app ies e.,n:,IIy.to the cupriferous bed as developed in
the I ewab.c and !• rankiin n.ine... These are .situated on the north
wde of Porta^^e L.ko. The continuation of the bod to tho south-
east was suu;jbt for a lon„^ tim. frnitlessly. until at kst it was di.s-
covercd accidentally at a di.stanoe of about four nules soutb-west of
Portage Lake. At this point, ,>n the property of the South Pewa-
b.cMmmgCo,np:my, .1 is boini,^ opened and :)resents the followin.^
Mme, but It ,8 finer grained, and in placos a concboidal fractur'e
..s even observable. The an,y.dule.s a,v sn.allcr, and the metallic
copper seems altogether confined to them, forming solid rounded
pel cts. It ,.s accompanied by dele.s.site, calcspar, laumontite and
prehnitc, which minerals also occur in the cavities alone The
matrix of this bed is also fusible to a black magnetic glass.
The rock whicb underlies the copper-bearing bed of the
guincy Mine is distinctly amygdaloidal. Tho matrix is fine
grained, but it is crystalline and is seen to consist of different consti-
tuents. Its colour is dark reddi.sh-grey, and it is fusible to a black
g!a.ss. The cavitie.., which seldom .ceed the size of a pea, arc
'«■] »IArr,«,,,Nt;_„x ,,,.,„►■,;„,„:, „,:,«. 7
*!^:'l.:K;„;:!;:r;:.:;L;':;""7'"r '-'"'"'■
•.bovo doscriM, ir Jl • ' " "'"'•^""'- "•"' ^'••'''•"'••'••"" -
^f- .0...
,'"'"";■: 2(1.07
» r«.t..xM|,. „} iron ^^.^ ^^j
*''"'^- !'!"'!!""' r«>->
V\ liter
7.i';{
ft will b<. olHm...| t!, ,t fi.,... ,. 1. ""*■'''
' ....-li.iiont, ,|i„„|v,.| I,. i . , , " "'■' ^■''■■'>*«t»\ IT,,,,,
"il«»l. ri,,. .,„.,.;,;,.. . ' .. '"■"' '""" ""■ "■'I' «M 'l.'»-
i»2.TH. ':o, ,7 •"■""■ V'"''''"'"-' '''•'• •'-''"I"-
:>.i.....ni,:;';:;,:i::::,rr;:%;;t:;*'*-'^-
--l-fVo„.t...anH.„tw r ,l:\;r"^^^^ '"/'"'
fhc followi,,,. ,Mi,u.,-.l,. .i, . ' - •■ '"' "'""'^ P'«''t'c,,h.r.s
>'".. m.nu..l...rM.:,| <.,„n,H,s,f,oM is dcluciM,..
JMoss.te ill «iMy-,lul,.s a„d friMi...... •{«.
Lnbrariorite ...
« J.
Tk . J \ ""■""'•' "'"""»■" '"•'■I "f "'« P»abic. mine
1 r:in
•ap
Old Pewabic lode.
Trap
137 feet.
34 «
85 «
8
TIIK «;a.\AI»IAN NATIHAMMT.
(Jrwii uiavx'luloid vein 19 i^jej
y,7 1>H -'
Alhimy an.l IJo.stoii vein 7 «
'*/''l' .".,*.*.'.* 45 u
Kpiduto or .Misiiard vi-in 23 "
Trup '■/ 20 "
Kliickaii J ^,
CoiiKloiiu'rato yj „
>SuiidNtoiK> J. „
[Feb.
rni. , .. •'»<'<* loot.
-rthw..t.ard. The two bod. above d.non.it'^;^'.
"".ygdalo.d v.u. and the M..H.a.-d voin arc ,d.o found on
yu.ncy propcrtv .hon- U.c first na.ned boar, u gen ralsC^
blauoe to tho rook of tb. Powubi. lode. Tbo nutrix " pX s'
.iarkor coloured, and contain, grains and crystals of flld'
wd.a.n^.,,,,,,. n-e:.tbandea.e«pa.^be latter e!;:!;::in:
c ppcr .n fane gra.n-. The roc-k of tbe Me.snard vein k dark
brown, w.tb « blui.b tint. The u.inorals of tbe «my..lair e
pn..c.pally green-eartb, <,u:nt. and nu-tullie eopp.r. Tb s bed
ak) called tbe Epidoto vein but tbe green- rtb 1 J p^^^^^^^^^^
been mistaken for I'l idoto. prooaoiy
iio^t'on T '•'"'« "'"■''"' '^'' -^"J^I'.meratc in tho Albany and
iJoston Mmo ,s a hne grained n.ixture of dark green deliite
cnbed) greenisb-grey feldspar, and reddi.b-brown mica some ot
bo la„nn.o tbe latter .bewing ruby-red reflection. 1^; '
ho m ' . '';pr'""r' *'*"'^^^' ""'^ ^-^"'^'^ ^'^^^^^^ ^^ attracted by
tho magnet The e<.lo„r of the powder h greeni«b-grev which
Nunc acid dissolves ft-om it 24.52 p. c, which consi:t of
Alumina 5 jjg
reroxide of iron ...14.78
Lime .,' ,
Magnesia q ^^
dill'l ^f "''' y ^'^"y ^'"^••^^ wVtb"tb; quantities of bases
delved irom tbo rocks already described, but the ouuut ticHf
;C 1 !? ^ ' '^'"'' ""^ ^ reddish-white coloured lighter part
tbe latter about twice as large i« ci«antity us the former - The
[Feb.
I8«lt5.] M.vrrU(LANK-«,N . I l.H,KKK...;8 HKD8. Q
dark o.,|oii,v.I ,Hntiu„ cM.si.toa probably in Rroatcr mrt of
t-r..k,lmeo..„o ,,vn.x..u. ...• hon.bl.ulo oouM b' present
l.mZ ^""'l'-'!- "»'tl.iH trap i, thoreln . probably
i;':'"""'*^ 40
f':^" 20
J^'ibradorite < /.
1 .0 . Muc-ka., which uu.lnlie. the trap last Jo.scribcd i.s Hon*.
n.to,l Iron, u by a sn.all s.am ol' day. Tho fluckan itJfTs
a hno ,ranuHl, dark-n.l .haly rook in .hich piece, of a J i«^^
blue CO >„r are sonu.inu. .-en. JJoth sub.Itancos arc fu Lie
bo .re be blowpipe and contain occasionally ..nail , ai s ^^
flak ot copper. It reseu.ble,. the old ThonLu (chLo.u-) ^
tho .ern.ans, now n.ore properly nan.ed Fel.sitc tuft" ^ ^
1 he con,.lon.erate upon which tho Ibn-oing rock rests ha.
'"';;"•"*' '^ ' -'^''''•'•>- -' — "t or its bein,Mnined for c^ Z
on he property of the Alb :.ny aud Boston Minin^ ( „,.,..„ £
bou ders and pebbles consist of various specie. oPpor^ y ' o "
hen. has u dark brown n.atrix with%mali whit c^^s'tal d"
U hnr an. her has a .natrix of the same colour but wi h t:!
u)stal.. of orthoeh.se, wlule a third variety consists principullv oTa
ao .^raJued .n ass of orthoela.se with which a small ,ua t ty o a
d-k c,^..red nuneral clears in particles too sn.all fJr de^':
ion. 1 ho uiatr.x consists of a coar.sc grained .sand of porphyri ic
ma^or.al, unpregnated with calcareous matter. In many ph.
mt ...t.ces arc not at all filled up, in others calcspar is he m r x
and very o t.n n. the lower part of the bed tho matrix Ts a h 5
pure nK.tall.e copper. Hon.etimes tho metal complLi;firt,^
whole space between the p.bbles, sometimes it is acconuL'i d bv
•cles through the coar.se grained n.atrix. Sometimes a pebble s
found <pute saturated with copper, but it seems to have be n of a
As above mentioned, a bed of sandstone underlies tho conglc
Z •■ , \V"' ■''"' "^ «*^^^Jfi««tion, is of a dark-rod colour,
and vuently consists of tho s.me material a. the cougiomerat;
pebbles but xn finer particles.
ill
M
^^ THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. j-^eb
•J'lit Miuci, ,.s i,(>in- driven across tho strata on tKo .o •
inchindiunotor^^^' ■ ?^^^^ oxcccd.ng one tenth of «u
^ ' ' -to.. A,. occaHonal crystal of fdd.par is also obsor-
""c. Ml the hrie -raiiiod mass of the rock Tl.;« , • .
I'laecs roddish-nivv -Mwl ;. *i ' "'« '^^^ i^- -I las mineral is in
oolourloss h b^ i.: 1 1 " ^'7"'^''--^' ^-« readily to a
yellow. T le '; t o" . " T •'': ''""^'^^^ ^'^"^« ^^-"-'^'v
powder li.l r...^,.S; .:^J'r r' ^ r^^' «"^ *»- -^o- of tli;
rock first d sc^ bed T I "I'T'"'''*''* ^''^'' *''^" ^^^^ <^f "le
ignition j;:i:;^::;\He":r^^^^^^
Silica ,^ ..
Ai„ . 1^-41 percent.
^'"'"'."•^ 5.96 '<
i'eroxide of iron 1535 ,,
Lime ' o\t-»
^^^'"«'^'^^ 1.84 «
m, , , 39.83 percent.
cnZ T"""'"' '"'''^''' "'*'• *'^^ ^«t^r Jo^t 0" ignition cal
^''\' 29.52
i^'"'"'"^ 14.00
1 rotoxide of iron 33 47
i;"^'": """'Z 8:80
Magnesia ^ pg
^^"*«^ :.".' 9"92
100.00
een?oVtf *^"' ^•''^ '^'' '''''''^''''' ^"'"'^h «»^«"°t« to 57.17 per
10^6 7^;^: "f ' "^ '"^^' ^^«"^'^*^^ ^° hydrochlori add
»ost b . 7 p. c. additional, consisting of
Alumina
Peroxide
oi' iron.
2.38
2.45
[Feb.
186C.] MACFARLANE-ON CUPRIFEROUS BEDS. H
?;•"'« 1.57
Magnesia .^q
The residue consisted of the .same dark and light coloured n.rts
as .n the case of the rock first described. Calculated in he Tn
Pt'^''''*^ 42.G0
Labradorite 5^, gj,
I yroxeno or hornblende 5.62
Magnetite j ^,jj
1 om the particulars above given, it would seem that the consti
ek spar of the labradorite species, and chlorite of a species allied
to delessite, with which are found occasionally nuc" s,n 11 .
ti^s of „i^„etite and perhaps of augiteol:;2r ' ^
^ It are given in IW and Whitney's Lake .Superior t
port II, 87, but the relative proportions of the constituents
arc not given nor is the peculiar nature of the chlorite referred
th eri;:bto'""*"'" "^"'' '''^^ "^^^«^^'- inappHca^t;
tTe am o?? ' Z '" "' ^^'"P-n.tively small quantity. As to
£5S i'f""- -^^^^^^
the othTrh^ ,1 , ''"' ""^ ''''^'^'- The melaphyres on
ablr? V ^ "■'* '"""' '■'■<"1"»% 'h'"' ^"olite- The tram
chre.bun^ der FeLsarlen, pp. 26 2 S Classification und Bes.
t Geognoa,i„.he Besehreibung de, K0nig.ei.-he3 Sa.hsen ii, 447.
12
TUK CANADIAN NATURALIST.
[I'VI)
at o»l. t .atit t T"''""""^ "f "«= ""^l-pLyrc. It will bo «,o„
•■ founded/™ fteoLrr'*"'."''™'"™'" "^ "•« «*» >"
" U.io con lilt °"° '»'"'' »° *« <Iecidod nature of the fck„„.
" the tendenoy /hiol, iJ^ ' . ^ ""'^ " «c„g„i.ablo i„
" cavities an/,,1 ' . , .T '"' ''"™ '» *" f«™ation of air-
" Phyrl a,tt7£:t; ■I""',""' r '''"* «™"' ""= ■"*■
•'nndthenappo" ; '"h T f """^ " """'iderablo size,
"n.moral«arf,;»;!r T T''* constitution, the following
" variotie, s z^:' :i:t7r ^ ''''^"-^'''- ^"^ »"™^
"'luar,., an>ell,,„t, a ." T-w J''''**"^' •="■•"«""". J-l-or,
" greon-oarth whio , "^ J J "'*' " """™' "•'""'Wi"? chlorite or
" like a shell orld f f-'T" "" '"■■'P''"^ '" *« »"WJ"lo»
" ■" also often dil::^,;i„lnnt' »"-^;''!'"^'-<<«-«*»'-<^'«W,„,
" biles, belo, ..tott : ° '"" " '^'"''"-■"' '" ""^ "WA'loMal
" rt- » eaia If : ''r/'i,r.r"i '" '"*'"'^-^' •■"■
■' Pkte ateonoe of ,,„„r„ "° t| ,! f * ''T"""^" ""' =°"'-
>redonu-nati„gX ;i ° T^ """"'"«'"'. "-
" of the roek will . , '*'''''*-S'oy ".our of the n.as,
"KroonanrhhJ '/rr ™" "■""' 8-™'*--^. '>-"^-
" »"«Mve.ha,it;e;iri':2:::;:,:;"--,"' ^^^^-^ "-
" p.liari,ie« of the n^t " '" I.r tT fl^"'"?'"'"'
valuable paper on litl,ol,«/S to twi, \ T' "'' '" '""
ing a distinctive „„„,e bu | 'l "'" ,""' "* '°"" "» ''"I'"'-
■noiaphjre. Sinoo, lonV y^ .V'r i"*'' '° *P' "'"' "''
~i"inV7,rT-7 J_!!^l^_5^ Bneh, Kallmann and Senft*
lb«nlie,c.„,l,„„appl„|,e„„„„,„jl„^ "' '"^2 'b ""'^ "''"" "'" '»"
oinereal roiks. Brongo„c,w|,„ iiivencej ii.
[FoJ).
1.S6G.] MACPARLANE— ox CUPRIPEROCS HV.hS. I'^
fjivor its adoption, and tl.o science of litholo.y !„ already well
stocked with tenus of by no nioans ...neral adoption, it w..nl,l
«ee,n advisable to retain tbe word n.elapbyre to denote . such ro^
as those above described. AVith regard to the coppor-bearin,. bods
the fus.b.hty of the rock, and its transition in places intoM^J
nc.ghbour.n,, rock connects it distinctly with the n.elaphyr
Has, together w.th the total absence of crystalline structure • nd
pose tha these beds are n.elaphyro tuffs, bearing the san,e relat "
to mdaphyre, which volcanic tuffs bear to trachytes and b-
To trap of the Portage Lake District might ^.rJ^o^t
poiIy tenned granular n.elaphyre when it is sn.all-grained C
crystalhne; amygdaloidal nielaphyre when cavities arc^ pr " . '
» crystalhne matrix ; compact melaphyre when the rock L fi
f,'rained and crystalline; and tufaceous melaphyre when the f"
is destitute of crystalline structure. '""*'"'-"'
The rocks which occur to the eastward of the trap last described
I had no opportunity of examining minutcK- Thev '.'7"'''
bubly however of the same rocks^s thos L Jn ^^1 if"
nating with each other for about one and a r.iar e^ i J ^ !: f"
t1.e distance across the strata from the eo glonier t bid' f ^^
Abany and Boston property to the so called vein e^ ^
the lalc Koyalo, and other mines. '■^!"«n(t bj
About 260 foet west of tlio ■ Me Hoyalc Voin ' .!,„ i, i
up.n which the Grand Portage „,i„o i!Zu^ nf'' ,""""!.
the matri. i, light-green, thn, differing^C J J, , ~ r,',''
Intherto doseribed. It l,a, an uneven "ewyfrae. 1 ''"
ery^aihne with .,„a,I white »,„„ h.ro and iZ « ro I'it T'
fnsible and g,ve, water when heated in a gla.„ tube Tl o '
dules are all of a dark-green eolour ind f^. 7 '"">K'
^;ve„ of dele.i.e. Q,U.e I/ii:^; , tre ^r'r "f,
that mineral, with a kernel of nL-^. \ ' ^ '^'^""'* ''^
;^.cspar.>e copper ::^l::^r;;:r-^^^^^^
thematrix^^e^Ho^
Senft restrict L tenT.o rlek ZuStin!'''''' ."'"''^ '"""^ ^"""'«"" ^
nnd are not blac-k in colHs be I«i "'■ """''' '"'rnWende „or a.gi.e
that «o,„e term i- rernf.i. /^ " ' *'"'*' «J""'<'"<r nt il,e sam" t',1!
- .ic icrm !., rtquibilclodesignaiu lilt iinnortnni ,.1.,..- i , "'"■ '""e
•n wiuch a hydrous mineral (ferruginor hi. . «"""l'osi.e rocU
l>Iemlcoraugit.._T..-<.H,-(&;rw^^^^ ^ '' "' P«'u-e of horn-
H
THE CANADIAN NATURALIST.
,. . , [Feb.
Imo minerals occur, in which rii.«w.
native silver soiiioliraos occur in .I,- • '^' ' *"'<> «I»«I'« of
>.-) ■•' N. 3»" K. andft?; p it ™ *»?• ^'^ «'"ko »f .1.0
Bclwoon tl,c Grand Por,, , I . ""'■"'-«»tward.
.~„,.„d,^.„fao«:ol;:;;;^„^,j:^^ --"^ ''"^•^™"
place,, l-thcoharacto of ;1 l*:,r7f \'*' I" ««.or
coloured. „„„.c,,,,„„i„o „,j wW; rte :X^;"« «f H-cn
comparatively free froTi, amygdulcs "'' """ " '■'
Trap, as usual, underlies the Isle R„v,l.. v •
'ock«, fills up the space between Tllalb's' ' " * ""■"
about a mile to the south-eastward. One of ,h " "'""'' ''«'
rate resembling that of the Albany „„d Bol ' " " ""*"«■
nature of the pebbles is coneemed' The ntri"""' " '" " ""'
racter than any of the cupriferous Ll, T't "'^'*'^"'"« ^^'«-
of a dark-green colour, an'd ^;r^^^':^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ is
gular spots (but not amygdules) of auart. ] u ^.'''°' '"'^ '•■••«-
by cpidote and metallic Spp/ llT' t"'^ '' accompanied
to the light-groen earthy roT^f tt tIT r^^' '"^ ^P^'^-^
A sliort distance to tbe eal of mI ' ^'^'^' ''''' '« '^«t^<^«-ble.
rate bed is found. The pebblerarn I ''''" '°*'*''''' ^^^S'^n^e-
tain crystals of quart, ^s wel , of f7' '"*" '"^ ''''^> ^^'^^n.
cultly fusible befL the bCi'lT^ '""^ the paste is diffi-
glazed. The pebbles do nlT' ^"\'^ "''''' '^^' '^"'^ ^^^^o^^ing
other beds. ^ ''^^ ^''" *^ ^^ «<> ^^" rounded as in th^
already described form par of vl f"'P^"'-™^t'°"> but since those
thickness of about 10 000 feef ' t ^"7 ''""' '^^'"^" « ^^tical
good average specimeils of tt wLT^ ^' '"^^^^^^ *^^^ ^^''^ afford
of them rich, well appointed and in ' ""f'^' '^ "^'"^«' ^«^"y
b-tiful mining nSi Jy' :t it r ScL""' ^ ''''''' ^'
.!- i.i..^nmceni, scamp-works as
[Feb.
1866.J
MACF.AKLAXE-ox CUmiFERcirs „,;,„.
15
are to be found within say fivo miU „f f l.n f
•- given previous ;i.U^ to ul "l '7"'""';'""^ -'^-' -''o
- i;e round, the point bl! :^r:;r:r '"1 '^ ^'^'"'"''^^
at the scene of life .,nd aetivitv X' ,: ''''} ^"''^ "P t" the.n.
'•""• Huvin-.onlv Jn to 1 ^^"^^^'''b' opens up before
i-ib,et.ru;;:tt;c s;ti^i'^
!"inuten.s even its prine-^al nu^ 1^^ ^ .;:^r f f ^''^r ^^'
'n operation within a short distance of t c ,k Td 7 l^' "T
■"••yonty are j.roducino. copper in mr.ntiK v- ' . ' ""' *''"'
to"« of the pure u.etaruiL; nf l^?:;" ''? '' l'^ ' ''
ine.p.rin:rcH;^:::r:;-:^^^^^^^
lowing tl,c„ihor be* i„ the JiMii,., ,i ■ * "' "" '" f"'-
!.io«l d,„,,,„,e,. ,„ guide ,,,wf''''''"''"; ""'^' "" ''"'*•
"o all opened within the ted f ' u " "'"'^ "*' ""= """■=
^^0- E., „„d the a% 70- n„,.t.: . :^'"'i::'*i'''" .?'<," ^" ^"^■-
mine are from 300 to <!nn f„ . T , '" "" "'" *i"'ii<!.y
fet beneath eaeh otter Z IT' "1 "'"J""'" '■'™" ^- •» "»
loot,»rpe„dieularly. The Cid* ori'",f "" '"''• ••""' «'
'«' and the av^o li ie: * i*?, "" " «7 « '» 30
general cxiwieneo at the mine tl,... , '^""""''"g <» the
- the rook in eopper. Abo" I ,•"*"' ,''" ''"•' '''" "'>'"
i"e„,oved a» remnnerativc ?!-"''*""''«»« of the bed
contain »on,o coppe i l/t t ""'•'' '"'"'"«'' " -y
'-. Tl.0 a..o„„';':,"in;t ;^:; s! "r*^ »f -« -
removed in JS04 wa, 602 IblT. -^e ht f^{ "'" S™""" """""^
»P. gr. of the rock of the We o be 2 7 tl!"' ,?',""'" "'°
cent. Of conrco fj.^ ' *' "'"^^ yi«lJed 1.4 ,w.i-
the bed roc^ and th!r "" ""^"^"^ ^'^^"^"'^^ throng
above, and t 'oti: s M^IT\T'' ^""^' '^ ^* "->' ^^
-^d.b,averyjudici!:s:llj^^^^^
stopping. The rock is removed to the sh .r ' ""^^^-hand
about one ton each .nd hnlll , " '''^^'"'' <^«"taining
^Hape runnin, oJ^^ ^'^ ^.^X ^^^^r ^^ ^ '"'"'^
whereby these skips are emptied - ' - ' ^^"^"vauce
without doubt the siiupl
iing the .tuif;
The
re are su shafts; the deepest, No. 4
est and most beautiful anywh
!ce IS
ere in use.
IS OUO feet veri
ticaljy,
t()
TI'R CANADIAN NATrHAL|8T.
[Pel.
Hnd tibout mo foi-i nil H... ; r n .
'iv P".",»i.a,t: ,'t:;; ,r' "■•■■• '■."'■- -"^ ™r«,™.
•hoj' ™.ly .v,„.t tl„.«,.|,o„„ ,„ .: "■'■'"'-";.'■'' '"l'""n,l,„,
<m..H.'.l m,l, w„.,.r, (>„ « „ " " T' T ""'" '' "' '"'^
the r,K-k ,„„rc o„,ily m,lv<. L7 U " T"'""" " '" "-".l.T
.VK.M „l„„t CO per cent Tl„. ■ , """"■"■ "'"•'■'■ »>"
Wow ,l,e vill„.e of H„„e,K.k. Il.rw' ' ''""*"*''" '"'"'•
JWCTS and ordinary Cornish bndlU '""''"■ '^''"''■""""'■»
'i"*-' tin. ore. Each stan^woi omin''' """:""' "' """■""■«■
The „„„,ped rock pa.™ \^Z^ "° ' ""' ""' '"'^ ' '' '"'■l'^ lift,
inch thick. The h .le, L l ' ?."" '""''"^^ "'' l"'">''- l'l»lo. I
-"-■■■'f i.« tape: r::;: i t:;^";*,:,? ,:;;" ■■- " ^"*
evcrj, eleven hour» in order that th l.'„. '"'" ""'I'l*''
he ron,„vcd fron, the ,tan,p. l" T he T ''T " "''•'""' '"■'■'■
iMo a shallow run which \1 I ■"■'' "" '" ''i»ehar..r„d
feot. F™„ thi;", e,^^," ' " "" .""'"'f i™ "f » half i„c|, i„ „
'ion, 1- iinci, ii; a':;. ^tiT;: '■'■'' '" ""-r"""-^- '•- ■"-
the jipger. The li„; work T,^ • T '"-"^ '""' "'"■" "»* «"•
-noe.., „„ upward c„ e of 'er 1 ,""" "'■" *"" '''''"" ''^'^-
"PP»rently clean,, the ore vcrv etk-cln I Iv l 7 "'"""'■"""y-
;;V%. n. fron, it „., ,;„„ J ^^'^J ™'f "^ •■'- ooar«
the .■,k,mj,i„gs or refuse contained onlv n r ' ''"' ""'" "'''"''
yl'., f™„, the .„„„ „,„chin 1: . , "o"/: """■ '^''« «-
refuse 0.73 p. c. The nrodnc f„ ■ ^ ""''■ •'""I the
huddle, assayed 78.C p r ce„ "rV'lf '"" "'" """ '"'"'"" the
operation gave 0.4C pe 1 tI„ , ,'° c""*' '''■'"" "'" »""'
of the 8t™p.work ™ T "* ""^ ""^' ''"f"* l'"'h>ets
huildin,, andlX -of Zr^oS'l ""■"t; "" "*""■"'?
roek trcted in the ln,,„v„rrwr d ri r,«,« ^^r''' "^ "■'
I make no attempt to do^criho th. , -1^ ' '^* l^'^'' ^«"^-
•'-hie and FrLklif s.r;; I ^^ «:,;'7'';-7 »'■ '"^
andwaahera arc cmplned To ;„ 1 u '''■"* *'^""1'«
een..^ Of coppering,, .le;;£; however, fron, the per-
-ne here as i„ .he Q„i„cy s.,,!; t^' 'wi;;,l'." ""' ^ «"
of the auperintendent of thfl Pr,.nH- .
»«.np]c. ta„ „ri„„, ;;L „f " i" ."""P-™*. I took .evoral
From head of run. .
" "lidtllc of do 4.93 per cent.
" end of do .'.'."".'."'.'' ?• . "
Hheapininjediateiyouisideofrun ^"^^
house ..
" sand bank.. "■*' "
When ,t ,3 recollected that the yield of tl,„ i
Franklin ,,an,p.work is only l.6C:'''"/f '■""''^ '"' "'"
ll.e .Ubany and Boston Minin. Co r,, • ^ ^'•™if'-worh of
Collon,'» jigger, are e™p|„l° ^hil^ ,? \r°'""« ""»!» »'"'
stamp-work. (The Huron ,m„„ f " '""° "' ""= H«ron
wear., to be a^ yet „nertai„ ' 'J °° ^''l ^* «°^* '""'•) It
;l» most advanta^eo,,, r „ "e'; „",te ''*" °' """'"' '»
l.e.ng acnired in the district al„,os" da^v ^T'""" "'"'"' '"
main a matter of doubt It i, 1, ^ ' " """""t long re-
where such an enor, .o„, allt"T'.f ^'"^ ""■" '" » ""'«'
«"d *mp-w„rks, there ,1 "uld be no ' ' '"™'»'' '" "i"™
accnratelj., by the wet pro.^er the „ '"™'"°" """'« f"-- tO"'".!!
duet, of the ore.dr«i^r "; * J"7; -'« and other pro^
""hout such means, to^ol Tl" i' " ''""' '^''^'^"'
tl"d of eoncentratiou i, tl Lt """ ""^ '° *«'' ■»«'
The system of dividino- +»,„ i i .
Lave contributed n t ,1. e" ^ L'"'" .™" ■"«««- «"« to
--of the Portage L,dc7dil"r 71^ fl*'""'™' <•' '"o
Jl"™ "'i'o of 640 acres, and each of fie °"l "°«" »""
four quarters. Some -^ «„ best of ,1 " ™''^'"*'' '"«"
length of lode to work upon than „° "'"":' ''™ »» ™re
«tiou. As a consequeCe Z 7 . ""'•■''""' '" » >l»arter
■"ining companie,,, and the r'mLer '™ " ,. """^''^ "' "'«
onpriferous bed, at onee tumcdT ™1 ' °° *°.''«»ve,y of a
The opposite .ysien,, which 1^^1,7^ * "",'' """'"S '" '""Pth-
of having ver/large minin^TlTil ° ". ""'"' °' ""■ 1'^".
«- of the count^ as it S ^ZZZZ'TT'" '" *° "'-
■aploralions arc carried on over fl . " """""»■■'■ '■''ho
'"'.V. are not easilv snl I'L'"" ^ m" "™' "'"^ "™ <'«■'-
^,,1, .V Fimtended, and seldom yield an, d„H„i^,
I
/
18
THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. ("p^i,
r^^t:^^!' Tr *^ ^^P«*»^«tso.eof the
be found use u rdeTe^^^^^^^ "'"^^ '' ""^^^^ ^^^^ will
«uch there can scarcely bo doubLV „ ^1 ^^' '^^'*"°«« ^^
if the same energy JclliLl .' "°^ f ^« ^^^^ certain that
dovelopement af^foof p' J^^'*'' T« «-P%cd in their
nowa*.ilderness,would onbo. "^^^^^^ '^' "'^'^^ shore,
shore: ^ ^ '' *^"«^ ^h'"'^ now ornament the south
Acton Vale, C. E, January 3, 1866.
[Feb.
me of the
liBke will
ive cupri-
astence of
rtain that
i ill their
th shore,
' as flour-
he south