^ ^^^ ■w^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k W '^ < signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de rAduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA, il est filmA A partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammds suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 r ■^ .,'. i 3>y(? r ON THE ROCKS AND CUPRIFER0L8 BEDS OF PORTAGE LAKE, MICHIGAN. By Thomas Macfarlane. During the summer of 18G5 I was employed on the Geological Survey of Canada it. making certain explorations on the north and cast shores of Lake Superior. I hfid instructions to visit also the nines of the south shore, in order to acquire some idea of the experience there gained in mining the deposits of native copper, it being anticipated that such might be advantageously applied in explorations on the Canadian side of the lake. The observations which 1 made on tlie south shore, although sufficiently interesting, could not well find a place in a report having reference to Cana dian territory, and, Sir William Logan having kindly consented. I have made thoai the subject of the following paper. One (of the most conspicuous gec^raphical features of the south shore of Lake Superior, is Keweenaw Point. Like the rocks constituting it, it strikes out into the lake in a north-easterly direction for a dintanco of fifty miles. Portage Lake is situated near its base, and together witli Sturgeon River, which flows into Keweenaw Bay, almost severs the point from the main land. The north-western put of Portage Lake intersects the various strata of trap and otlier rooks which run along the whole length of Kewee- naw Point. Wliilo to the north-eastward, at Eagle River and elsewhere, the mines of greatest note are generally situated upon ^,i«.. «..-:.--.ng t„v .-iiir.s; VI mc trap, those m lliv uejghUourhood of ^'«^- "I- A No. 1. 2 THE CANADIAN NATITtlAMS?. [Feb Portage Lake arc worked almost exc'.iisivelv u|m.i. beds, tlic strike nnd dip of wbieh arc p.iruiiel witb tbat' of the encIoHin- rocks f-uch bcdH are not, bowever, alto-otber absent it. olbor di«rriets of the copper re-ion, wi.ere they bave been ciillrd ■ ash beds,' but It IS in tlie Porta-e J.uko district that they occur most frequently uiid arc mined nio.^t successfully. The rocks with which they ar." interstratificd are principally what are called traps and .t^reenstoncH to-cther with conglomerates and «andstoncs. Th.'y maintain a general strike of N. 'M' to N. W E., and h:,vc a dip of 50 to CO north-westward. In attempting to describe these rocks more minutely, I shall bosm with those lying immediately west of the -reut cupriferouH bed on winch the Quiney, Pewabie and Franklin n.ines are situated and proceed then to notice those lying to the eastward, which are' geologically, lower lying rocks. ' The rock which is observed at the side of the road leadin- past the Qu.ney n.ine to thePewabie, and which lies several hundred feet west of the cupriferous bed, is distinctly of a con.pound ••ature, but all its constituent minerals are not largo cnou-h to be accurately determined. Conspicuous anion- them is a dark. rrecn chlontic mineral, the grains of which vary from the smallest size to one fourth of an inch in diameter. In the latter case they are irregularly shaped, with rounded angles, but they arc never quite round or ainygdaloidal., They frequently consist in the centre of dark green lamina). The mineral is very soft and has a light grcenish-grey streak. It fuses readily before the blow-pipe to a black magnetic glas.s, and it would seem to be the preponderating mineral in the rock. The other constituents arc in very fine c^rains" and consist of a reddish-grey feld.spathic mineral, with dltinct cleavage planes, and closely resembling it, light greenish-grey par- t.c ea but whether of a feldspathic, pyroxenic or horablendic nature could not bo determined. The prevailing colour of the rock IS darfc greyish-green. Hydrochloric acid produces no effer- vescensc with it, even when in a state of fine powder. Its specific gravity is 2.83, and the magnet attracts a very small quantity of magnetite from its powder. The colour of the powder when very fine IS hglit greenish-grey. When ignited it loses 3 . 09 per cent of Jt« weight and changes to a light brown colour. When di-ested wiih nitric acid, and then afterwards with a weak solution of caustic potiish (to remove free silica) it experiences, including the loss by ignition, a loss of 46 .36 per cent. This consists of I r I !8(N3.J JIACFARLANE-ON VVPRiymoVs ME,>s. Silica Alumina yZ.'.*.".";. ^^-^'^ Lime.... ^**-^7 •., . 4 47 ■i'iiitrnosia.... ' Water.... 2.03 3.09 .u per tcut., wliicli consists of »>»Jica • O 4Q Alumina ', , Poroxidc of iron .. ..'.'.' f 'JJo Lime... ^''^ Magnesia ...!!'.'.■ ^-Jl^ do Tlie undccomnosed residue wis ^t;u r i . ' ■""1 an anproxinKite Monw.f,. . • -^ "*^ ^'"tc-r was tlie Iieav er. l'<'m Hie l^-ht col' 1,1 J, n • '"" '"'»■""■■ •>» '"-I "-hollv - l^«w. jt woud ..ni. ^n,„., :i;:of 4 ;t:,: • tr «^ "" ■'" ;' '- o Crard, „oi,l,cr hfcadorito, no p " «„ „„. ' ""'"""'' •IccompoMblo bv nitrio nri,I i P)'™™-' nor mviiclilo ar,, tie mineral. On tea L . ! T ""^ ™ ""*" "^ ""■ '"""■■ l.y'°"^ *" if.'"i'i™, with Although «,et;,"r'!°i "'° ":?" '^ ■•"-ovJ «» protoxide. •ho wh* of .iteTrT^ otir:„?/'"™'' ' ""^ ™'™'"*"' differcnoe of weiM.t hl,„ . ' ^ ^"^ '"°'™™' '"''l'"' the loa. sustained T; W. ^'^a I) l^^"'" "™ - l-o-'"- .» the ««ld U °'''°'""' """«' """■''"I to 100 part. THE OANADfAN NATI RAI,/«T '"'••'^'a; :il.70 Alumina 15. 17 I'rotoxidc of iron !iS.S7 '^""0 f) ,;4 Miij^nosia 4 j^ ^«t«r y.CT [A'b. 100. 00 In these lij,'uro8 the quantity of iron is much gro;.ti>i-. an.l th-.t of niajrnesitt much Iohh than in ordiniuy chlorite. L, its coniiK. Htion, and in being easily decon.posod by acid.s, the mineral most cloHoly resembles the ferruginous chlorite of Deles.se,* (ti,e dch-ssif,. ofN«umann),but differs from it in containing a considvraSle amount of lime, and in being readily fused before the blow-pi,,.. As«unung, ncvorthele.s.s, that the chloritic constituent is delessit,. and that one half of the iron removed by hydrochloric acid belon-s to the magnetite, then the rock would be composed mincralogicdl> Delessitc 40.3(5 Labradoritc 47 4'j Pyroxene or liornblende 5 . 20 Magnetite q j)^ 1 he next rock to the eastward, to which I paid son.c attention IS that which constitutes the hanging w.dl of the Quincy Mine' It ,s a fine-grained mixture of reddish-grey feldspar, and dark green dole«sit.>, the former predominating. In this mixture lar-ror crystals of feldspar and larger rounded grains of the ferruginous chlorite are occasionally discernible. Its sp. gr. is 2.83. The powder 18 of a reddish-grey tint, and the magnet shews the presence in it ot a trace of magnetite. On ignition it changes to light brown, f}^'". 31.07 i^'""""* 15.47 Peioxide of iron 22.21 Protoxide of manganese. , traces fl'™**! 0.46 Ji'^"^^'* 19.14 Water , , II 55 Bi« hoi : Chemical and Piiysical Geology, ill, 228.* '1 I860.] »lA.F.iRl..»NI!-«S . . l.K|,KKOI,» HBlW. J .,,,,„„,,, ,,, ,„,, ,H H. ,„i,,, „,,,,, ,,i». , „,., ,„„r; r.. 11 jKjr coat, of btwes, c(m«i«tii.jj of Alumina ^ .., IVroxi.lo ofimii 15 04 liimc , ... Majnu'sia « ., ' • • ti , ii4 which, a«uh,les.s, principally hdonj, to the .hloritic n.incn.I Th<. .•o«u „o contains a very sn.all .p.antity of the heavier ...n-l darker ™ Uuont whK-h wa.. founa in the rock fir..t d..cril.e.|. V reMdne ,.s not decon.pos,.d by c<,ncentrated .sulphuric acid -N^'xt, ,n downward .uc-ession, c.uncs the cupriferous bed u^eno- .ally known a« , ho • Pewabic Lode/ althou.l! it ,k,s.c J ' ,• " '-^ ^ >-"cters of a vein. It has a thiekne. of! ut 12 Tt ■md n. places re^n.blcs the rock which constitutes the fl.ot-wall . ^ ar UKS It differs however, con.pletely fron. that rock. It is , add structure and uneven, aln.ost earthy fracture. tL " atru son.et.mcs contains so.ne sn.all a.ny,.dules, which a.-o ..ot natr.x.sfus.blo to a black, slightly m.agnetic glass. It is h^ places .mpreg,.atcd with grains of '...ct.llic copper, fro m",; Uiose ot a st.ll larger s.zo very generally project from the n^ ru .nto the a.nygdules, or form rounded partLos lying eirl uith.n hese cav.t.es, and filling them. The copper is here accom pamed by a mineral of u light green colour, vel^ soft, L " aWe rom the roc-k as a green powder. It' fus^^ befo e"he bW-" p.pe to a black sl.ghtly magnetic gla«s. On ig,.ition it changes I a light yelow colour losing 0.4 p. c. of its weight. It is deeomp^sll by hydrochloric acid and the resulting solutL contains ^XZl results, m which all the iron is calculated as protoxide and the .lifference between it and peroxide put down as water ^f ^• 46.48 Alumina j^ ^. Protoxide of iron ; ', 21 17 ^^"^e *.'.*.'.*"" 9*89 ^^^°^i« ".*. trace TIIK CANADIAN NATJIRALIHT. AIlcalicH, Wjjter... [Feb. 1 .1)7 by difforcnc©. 2.78 100 rt IS probably „ variety ..J" jm-oncarth. Son.e of tho nmv-.Iul..M foun.1 aIo„,, w.th tbo..rcH.„.oa.tl.. .1... two .nin..n.ls .onorally • . >yn.,.soparatop„,.s of tl. cavity. Vn-y fVcpu-.^ly t! ': . «ti I I "' T'"'""''; •^'•••'-I'i'-tho....trixi...J compact ami . lark.r ..olou.v.i. a,.,l the amy.,lul..s arc .xcl.,..ivolv filled w.th calcspar, without any eno!osi„, fi,... of „.,.,..,, ^«.et.„u. ,ua,,.. ,.h.sslt,.. iau.ma.tit. an.l preh.itc occur b. J? the cav.t.c.s. T„ ,na„y , .Hs of tho bcl, lar^e irregular atchcs a.ul yom. of clesp-.r are see,, through "which and U^ro..,b the adjonnn, rock, ru.. 1...... in-e,..lar ,nas.sc.s of copper ro.,nonty we..h.n,. several to,., with which .small riuantitils of n=a.ve s.lve,- are a.ssoc.at.-d. Kpidote U also often „,et with in the bod, s^nerally unconnected with ♦!... an.y^dules, and fonnin-^ sn.ail rrep;nlar n,a,sses .„ th<, choclate-clon,-..! n„.k. The for;.,in.. doscnpt.on app ies e.,n:,IIy.to the cupriferous bed as developed in the I ewab.c and !• rankiin n.ine... These are .situated on the north wde of Porta^^e L.ko. The continuation of the bod to tho south- east was suu;jbt for a lon„^ tim. frnitlessly. until at kst it was di.s- covercd accidentally at a di.stanoe of about four nules soutb-west of Portage Lake. At this point, ,>n the property of the South Pewa- b.cMmmgCo,np:my, .1 is boini,^ opened and :)resents the followin.^ Mme, but It ,8 finer grained, and in placos a concboidal fractur'e ..s even observable. The an,y.dule.s a,v sn.allcr, and the metallic copper seems altogether confined to them, forming solid rounded pel cts. It ,.s accompanied by dele.s.site, calcspar, laumontite and prehnitc, which minerals also occur in the cavities alone The matrix of this bed is also fusible to a black magnetic glass. The rock whicb underlies the copper-bearing bed of the guincy Mine is distinctly amygdaloidal. Tho matrix is fine grained, but it is crystalline and is seen to consist of different consti- tuents. Its colour is dark reddi.sh-grey, and it is fusible to a black g!a.ss. The cavitie.., which seldom .ceed the size of a pea, arc '«■] »IArr,«,,,Nt;_„x ,,,.,„►■,;„,„:, „,:,«. 7 *!^:'l.:K;„;:!;:r;:.:;L;':;""7'"r '-'"'"'■ •.bovo doscriM, ir Jl • ' " "'"'•^""'- "•"' ^'••'''•"'••'••"" - ^f- .0... ,'"'"";■: 2(1.07 » r«.t..xM|,. „} iron ^^.^ ^^j *''"'^- !'!"'!!""' r«>-> V\ liter 7.i';{ ft will b<. olHm...| t!, ,t fi.,... ,. 1. ""*■''' ' ....-li.iiont, ,|i„„|v,.| I,. i . , , " "'■' ^■''■■'>*«t»\ IT,,,,, "il«»l. ri,,. .,„.,.;,;,.. . ' .. '"■"' '""" ""■ "■'I' «M 'l.'»- i»2.TH. ':o, ,7 •"■""■ V'"''''"'"-' '''•'• •'-''"I"- :>.i.....ni,:;';:;,:i::::,rr;:%;;t:;*'*-'^- --l-fVo„.t...anH.„tw r ,l:\;r"^^^^ '"/'"' fhc followi,,,. ,Mi,u.,-.l,. .i, . ' - •■ '"' "'""'^ P'«''t'c,,h.r.s >'".. m.nu..l...rM.:,| <.,„n,H,s,f,oM is dcluciM,.. JMoss.te ill «iMy-,lul,.s a„d friMi...... •{«. Lnbrariorite ... « J. Tk . J \ ""■""'•' "'"""»■" '"•'■I "f "'« P»abic. mine 1 r:in •ap Old Pewabic lode. Trap 137 feet. 34 « 85 « 8 TIIK «;a.\AI»IAN NATIHAMMT. (Jrwii uiavx'luloid vein 19 i^jej y,7 1>H -' Alhimy an.l IJo.stoii vein 7 « '*/''l' .".,*.*.'.* 45 u Kpiduto or .Misiiard vi-in 23 " Trup '■/ 20 " Kliickaii J ^, CoiiKloiiu'rato yj „ >SuiidNtoiK> J. „ [Feb. rni. , .. •'»<'<* loot. -rthw..t.ard. The two bod. above d.non.it'^;^'. "".ygdalo.d v.u. and the M..H.a.-d voin arc ,d.o found on yu.ncy propcrtv .hon- U.c first na.ned boar, u gen ralsC^ blauoe to tho rook of tb. Powubi. lode. Tbo nutrix " pX s' .iarkor coloured, and contain, grains and crystals of flld' wd.a.n^.,,,,,,. n-e:.tbandea.e«pa.^be latter e!;:!;::in: c ppcr .n fane gra.n-. The roc-k of tbe Me.snard vein k dark brown, w.tb « blui.b tint. The u.inorals of tbe «my..lair e pn..c.pally green-eartb, <,u:nt. and nu-tullie eopp.r. Tb s bed ak) called tbe Epidoto vein but tbe green- rtb 1 J p^^^^^^^^^^ been mistaken for I'l idoto. prooaoiy iio^t'on T '•'"'« "'"■''"' '^'' -^"J^I'.meratc in tho Albany and iJoston Mmo ,s a hne grained n.ixture of dark green deliite cnbed) greenisb-grey feldspar, and reddi.b-brown mica some ot bo la„nn.o tbe latter .bewing ruby-red reflection. 1^; ' ho m ' . '';pr'""r' *'*"'^^^' ""'^ ^-^"'^'^ ^'^^^^^^ ^^ attracted by tho magnet The e<.lo„r of the powder h greeni«b-grev which Nunc acid dissolves ft-om it 24.52 p. c, which consi:t of Alumina 5 jjg reroxide of iron ...14.78 Lime .,' , Magnesia q ^^ dill'l ^f "''' y ^'^"y ^'"^••^^ wVtb"tb; quantities of bases delved irom tbo rocks already described, but the ouuut ticHf ;C 1 !? ^ ' '^'"'' ""^ ^ reddish-white coloured lighter part tbe latter about twice as large i« ci«antity us the former - The [Feb. I8«lt5.] M.vrrU(LANK-«,N . I l.H,KKK...;8 HKD8. Q dark o.,|oii,v.I ,Hntiu„ cM.si.toa probably in Rroatcr mrt of t-r..k,lmeo..„o ,,vn.x..u. ...• hon.bl.ulo oouM b' present l.mZ ^""'l'-'!- "»'tl.iH trap i, thoreln . probably i;':'"""'*^ 40 f':^" 20 J^'ibradorite < /. 1 .0 . Muc-ka., which uu.lnlie. the trap last Jo.scribcd i.s Hon*. n.to,l Iron, u by a sn.all s.am ol' day. Tho fluckan itJfTs a hno ,ranuHl, dark-n.l .haly rook in .hich piece, of a J i«^^ blue CO >„r are sonu.inu. .-en. JJoth sub.Itancos arc fu Lie bo .re be blowpipe and contain occasionally ..nail , ai s ^^ flak ot copper. It reseu.ble,. the old ThonLu (chLo.u-) ^ tho .ern.ans, now n.ore properly nan.ed Fel.sitc tuft" ^ ^ 1 he con,.lon.erate upon which tho Ibn-oing rock rests ha. '"';;"•"*' '^ ' -'^''''•'•>- -' — "t or its bein,Mnined for c^ Z on he property of the Alb :.ny aud Boston Minin^ ( „,.,..„ £ bou ders and pebbles consist of various specie. oPpor^ y ' o " hen. has u dark brown n.atrix with%mali whit c^^s'tal d" U hnr an. her has a .natrix of the same colour but wi h t:! u)stal.. of orthoeh.se, wlule a third variety consists principullv oTa ao .^raJued .n ass of orthoela.se with which a small ,ua t ty o a d-k c,^..red nuneral clears in particles too sn.all fJr de^': ion. 1 ho uiatr.x consists of a coar.sc grained .sand of porphyri ic ma^or.al, unpregnated with calcareous matter. In many ph. mt ...t.ces arc not at all filled up, in others calcspar is he m r x and very o t.n n. the lower part of the bed tho matrix Ts a h 5 pure nK.tall.e copper. Hon.etimes tho metal complLi;firt,^ whole space between the p.bbles, sometimes it is acconuL'i d bv •cles through the coar.se grained n.atrix. Sometimes a pebble s found in- driven across tho strata on tKo .o • inchindiunotor^^^' ■ ?^^^^ oxcccd.ng one tenth of «u ^ ' ' -to.. A,. occaHonal crystal of fdd.par is also obsor- ""c. Ml the hrie -raiiiod mass of the rock Tl.;« , • . I'laecs roddish-nivv -Mwl ;. *i ' "'« '^^^ i^- -I las mineral is in oolourloss h b^ i.: 1 1 " ^'7"'^''--^' ^-« readily to a yellow. T le '; t o" . " T •'': ''""^'^^^ ^'^"^« ^^-"-'^'v powder li.l r...^,.S; .:^J'r r' ^ r^^' «"^ *»- -^o- of tli; rock first d sc^ bed T I "I'T'"'''*''* ^''^'' *''^" ^^^^ <^f "le ignition j;:i:;^::;\He":r^^^^^^ Silica ,^ .. Ai„ . 1^-41 percent. ^'"'"'."•^ 5.96 '< i'eroxide of iron 1535 ,, Lime ' o\t-» ^^^'"«'^'^^ 1.84 « m, , , 39.83 percent. cnZ T"""'"' '"'''^''' "'*'• *'^^ ^«t^r Jo^t 0" ignition cal ^''\' 29.52 i^'"'"'"^ 14.00 1 rotoxide of iron 33 47 i;"^'": """'Z 8:80 Magnesia ^ pg ^^"*«^ :.".' 9"92 100.00 een?oVtf *^"' ^•''^ '^'' '''''''^''''' ^"'"'^h «»^«"°t« to 57.17 per 10^6 7^;^: "f ' "^ '"^^' ^^«"^'^*^^ ^° hydrochlori add »ost b . 7 p. c. additional, consisting of Alumina Peroxide oi' iron. 2.38 2.45 [Feb. 186C.] MACFARLANE-ON CUPRIFEROUS BEDS. H ?;•"'« 1.57 Magnesia .^q The residue consisted of the .same dark and light coloured n.rts as .n the case of the rock first described. Calculated in he Tn Pt'^''''*^ 42.G0 Labradorite 5^, gj, I yroxeno or hornblende 5.62 Magnetite j ^,jj 1 om the particulars above given, it would seem that the consti ek spar of the labradorite species, and chlorite of a species allied to delessite, with which are found occasionally nuc" s,n 11 . ti^s of „i^„etite and perhaps of augiteol:;2r ' ^ ^ It are given in IW and Whitney's Lake .Superior t port II, 87, but the relative proportions of the constituents arc not given nor is the peculiar nature of the chlorite referred th eri;:bto'""*"'" "^"'' '''^^ "^^^«^^'- inappHca^t; tTe am o?? ' Z '" "' ^^'"P-n.tively small quantity. As to £5S i'f""- -^^^^^^ the othTrh^ ,1 , ''"' ""^ ''''^'^'- The melaphyres on ablr? V ^ "■'* '"""' '■'■<"1"»% 'h'"' ^"olite- The tram chre.bun^ der FeLsarlen, pp. 26 2 S Classification und Bes. t Geognoa,i„.he Besehreibung de, K0nig.ei.-he3 Sa.hsen ii, 447. 12 TUK CANADIAN NATURALIST. [I'VI) at o»l. t .atit t T"''""""^ "f "«= ""^l-pLyrc. It will bo «,o„ •■ founded/™ fteoLrr'*"'."''™'"™'" "^ "•« «*» >" " U.io con lilt °"° '»'"'' »° *« ell,,„t, a ." T-w J''''**"^' •="■•"«""". J-l-or, " greon-oarth whio , "^ J J "'*' " """™' "•'""'Wi"? chlorite or " like a shell orld f f-'T" "" '"■■'P''"^ '" *« »"WJ"lo» " ■" also often dil::^,;i„lnnt' »"-^;''!'"^'-<<«-«*»'-<^'«W,„, " biles, belo, ..tott : ° '"" " '^'"''"-■"' '" ""^ "WA'loMal " rt- » eaia If : ''r/'i,r.r"i '" '"*'"'^-^' •■"■ ■' Pkte ateonoe of ,,„„r„ "° t| ,! f * ''T"""^" ""' =°"'- >redonu-nati„gX ;i ° T^ """"'"«'"'. "- " of the roek will . , '*'''''*-S'oy ".our of the n.as, "KroonanrhhJ '/rr ™" "■""' 8-™'*--^. '>-"^- " »"«Mve.ha,it;e;iri':2:::;:,:;"--,"' ^^^^-^ "- " p.liari,ie« of the n^t " '" I.r tT fl^"'"?'"'"' valuable paper on litl,ol,«/S to twi, \ T' "'' '" '"" ing a distinctive „„„,e bu | 'l "'" ,""' "* '°"" "» ''"I'"'- ■noiaphjre. Sinoo, lonV y^ .V'r i"*'' '° *P' "'"' "'' ~i"inV7,rT-7 J_!!^l^_5^ Bneh, Kallmann and Senft* lb«nlie,c.„,l,„„appl„|,e„„„„,„jl„^ "' '"^2 'b ""'^ "''"" "'" '»" oinereal roiks. Brongo„c,w|,„ iiivencej ii. [FoJ). 1.S6G.] MACPARLANE— ox CUPRIPEROCS HV.hS. I'^ fjivor its adoption, and tl.o science of litholo.y !„ already well stocked with tenus of by no nioans ...neral adoption, it w..nl,l «ee,n advisable to retain tbe word n.elapbyre to denote . such ro^ as those above described. AVith regard to the coppor-bearin,. bods the fus.b.hty of the rock, and its transition in places intoM^J nc.ghbour.n,, rock connects it distinctly with the n.elaphyr Has, together w.th the total absence of crystalline structure • nd pose tha these beds are n.elaphyro tuffs, bearing the san,e relat " to mdaphyre, which volcanic tuffs bear to trachytes and b- To trap of the Portage Lake District might ^.rJ^o^t poiIy tenned granular n.elaphyre when it is sn.all-grained C crystalhne; amygdaloidal nielaphyre when cavities arc^ pr " . ' » crystalhne matrix ; compact melaphyre when the rock L fi f,'rained and crystalline; and tufaceous melaphyre when the f" is destitute of crystalline structure. '""*'"'-"' The rocks which occur to the eastward of the trap last described I had no opportunity of examining minutcK- Thev '.'7"''' bubly however of the same rocks^s thos L Jn ^^1 if" nating with each other for about one and a r.iar e^ i J ^ !: f" t1.e distance across the strata from the eo glonier t bid' f ^^ Abany and Boston property to the so called vein e^ ^ the lalc Koyalo, and other mines. '■^!"«n(t bj About 260 foet west of tlio ■ Me Hoyalc Voin ' .!,„ i, i up.n which the Grand Portage „,i„o i!Zu^ nf'' ,""""!. the matri. i, light-green, thn, differing^C J J, , ~ r,','' Intherto doseribed. It l,a, an uneven "ewyfrae. 1 ''" ery^aihne with .,„a,I white »,„„ h.ro and iZ « ro I'it T' fnsible and g,ve, water when heated in a gla.„ tube Tl o ' dules are all of a dark-green eolour ind f^. 7 '"">K' ^;ve„ of dele.i.e. Q,U.e I/ii:^; , tre ^r'r "f, that mineral, with a kernel of nL-^. \ ' ^ '^'^""'* ''^ ;^.cspar.>e copper ::^l::^r;;:r-^^^^^^ thematrix^^e^Ho^ Senft restrict L tenT.o rlek ZuStin!'''''' ."'"''^ '"""^ ^"""'«"" ^ nnd are not blac-k in colHs be I«i "'■ """''' '"'rnWende „or a.gi.e that «o,„e term i- rernf.i. /^ " ' *'"'*' «J""'<'"Iemlcoraugit.._T..-<.H,-(&;rw^^^^ ^ '' "' P«'u-e of horn- H THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. ,. . , [Feb. Imo minerals occur, in which rii.«w. native silver soiiioliraos occur in .I,- • '^' ' *"'<> «I»«I'« of >.-) ■•' N. 3»" K. andft?; p it ™ *»?• ^'^ «'"ko »f .1.0 Bclwoon tl,c Grand Por,, , I . ""'■"'-«»tward. .~„,.„d,^.„fao«:ol;:;;;^„^,j:^^ --"^ ''"^•^™" place,, l-thcoharacto of ;1 l*:,r7f \'*' I" ««.or coloured. „„„.c,,,,„„i„o „,j wW; rte :X^;"« «f H-cn comparatively free froTi, amygdulcs "'' """ " '■' Trap, as usual, underlies the Isle R„v,l.. v • 'ock«, fills up the space between Tllalb's' ' " * ""■" about a mile to the south-eastward. One of ,h " "'""'' ''«' rate resembling that of the Albany „„d Bol ' " " ""*"«■ nature of the pebbles is coneemed' The ntri"""' " '" " ""' racter than any of the cupriferous Ll, T't "'^'*'^"'"« ^^'«- of a dark-green colour, an'd ^;r^^^':^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^ is gular spots (but not amygdules) of auart. ] u ^.'''°' '"'^ '•■••«- by cpidote and metallic Spp/ llT' t"'^ '' accompanied to the light-groen earthy roT^f tt tIT r^^' '"^ ^P^'^-^ A sliort distance to tbe eal of mI ' ^'^'^' ''''' '« '^«t^<^«-ble. rate bed is found. The pebblerarn I ''''" '°*'*''''' ^^^S'^n^e- tain crystals of quart, ^s wel , of f7' '"*" '"^ ''''^> ^^'^^n. cultly fusible befL the bCi'lT^ '""^ the paste is diffi- glazed. The pebbles do nlT' ^"\'^ "''''' '^^' '^"'^ ^^^^o^^ing other beds. ^ ''^^ ^''" *^ ^^ «<> ^^" rounded as in th^ already described form par of vl f"'P^"'-™^t'°"> but since those thickness of about 10 000 feef ' t ^"7 ''""' '^^'"^" « ^^tical good average specimeils of tt wLT^ ^' '"^^^^^^ *^^^ ^^''^ afford of them rich, well appointed and in ' ""f'^' '^ "^'"^«' ^«^"y b-tiful mining nSi Jy' :t it r ScL""' ^ ''''''' ^' .!- i.i..^nmceni, scamp-works as [Feb. 1866.J MACF.AKLAXE-ox CUmiFERcirs „,;,„. 15 are to be found within say fivo miU „f f l.n f •- given previous ;i.U^ to ul "l '7"'""';'""^ -'^-' -''o - i;e round, the point bl! :^r:;r:r '"1 '^ ^'^'"'"''^^ at the scene of life .,nd aetivitv X' ,: ''''} ^"''^ "P t" the.n. '•""• Huvin-.onlv Jn to 1 ^^"^^^'''b' opens up before i-ib,et.ru;;:tt;c s;ti^i'^ !"inuten.s even its prine-^al nu^ 1^^ ^ .;:^r f f ^''^r ^^' 'n operation within a short distance of t c ,k Td 7 l^' "T ■"••yonty are j.roducino. copper in mr.ntiK v- ' . ' ""' *''"' to"« of the pure u.etaruiL; nf l^?:;" ''? '' l'^ ' '' ine.p.rin:rcH;^:::r:;-:^^^^^^^ lowing tl,c„ihor be* i„ the JiMii,., ,i ■ * "' "" '" f"'- !.io«l d,„,,,„,e,. ,„ guide ,,,wf''''''"''"; ""'^' "" ''"'*• "o all opened within the ted f ' u " "'"'^ "*' ""= """■= ^^0- E., „„d the a% 70- n„,.t.: . :^'"'i::'*i'''" .?'<," ^" ^"^■- mine are from 300 to '" i"e„,oved a» remnnerativc ?!-"''*""''«»« of the bed contain »on,o coppe i l/t t ""'•'' '"'"'"«'' " -y '-. Tl.0 a..o„„';':,"in;t ;^:; s! "r*^ »f -« - removed in JS04 wa, 602 IblT. -^e ht f^{ "'" S™""" """""^ »P. gr. of the rock of the We o be 2 7 tl!"' ,?',""'" "'° cent. Of conrco fj.^ ' *' "'"^^ yi«lJed 1.4 ,w.i- the bed roc^ and th!r "" ""^"^"^ ^'^^"^"'^^ throng above, and t 'oti: s M^IT\T'' ^""^' '^ ^* "->' ^^ -^d.b,averyjudici!:s:llj^^^^^ stopping. The rock is removed to the sh .r ' ""^^^-hand about one ton each .nd hnlll , " '''^^'"'' <^«"taining ^Hape runnin, oJ^^ ^'^ ^.^X ^^^^r ^^ ^ '"'"'^ whereby these skips are emptied - ' - ' ^^"^"vauce without doubt the siiupl iing the .tuif; The re are su shafts; the deepest, No. 4 est and most beautiful anywh !ce IS ere in use. IS OUO feet veri ticaljy, t() TI'R CANADIAN NATrHAL|8T. [Pel. Hnd tibout mo foi-i nil H... ; r n . 'iv P".",»i.a,t: ,'t:;; ,r' "■•■■• '■."'■- -"^ ™r«,™. •hoj' ™.ly .v,„.t tl„.«,.|,o„„ ,„ .: "■'■'"'-";.'■'' '"l'""n,l,„, „ « „ " " T' T ""'" '' "' '"'^ the r,K-k ,„„rc o„,ily m,lv<. L7 U " T"'""" " '" "-".l.T .VK.M „l„„t CO per cent Tl„. ■ , """"■"■ "'"•'■'■ »>" Wow ,l,e vill„.e of H„„e,K.k. Il.rw' ' ''""*"*''" '"'"'• JWCTS and ordinary Cornish bndlU '""''"■ '^''"''■""""'■» 'i"*-' tin. ore. Each stan^woi omin''' """:""' "' """■""■«■ The „„„,ped rock pa.™ \^Z^ "° ' ""' ""' '"'^ ' '' '"'■l'^ lift, inch thick. The h .le, L l ' ?."" '""''"^^ "'' l"'">''- l'l»lo. I -"-■■■'f i.« tape: r::;: i t:;^";*,:,? ,:;;" ■■- " ^"* evcrj, eleven hour» in order that th l.'„. '"'" ""'I'l*'' he ron,„vcd fron, the ,tan,p. l" T he T ''T " "''•'""' '"■'■'■ iMo a shallow run which \1 I ■"■'' "" '" ''i»ehar..r„d feot. F™„ thi;", e,^^," ' " "" .""'"'f i™ "f » half i„c|, i„ „ 'ion, 1- iinci, ii; a':;. ^tiT;: '■'■'' '" ""-r"""-^- '•- ■"- the jipger. The li„; work T,^ • T '"-"^ '""' "'"■" "»* «"• -noe.., „„ upward c„ e of 'er 1 ,""" "'■" *"" '''''"" ''^'^- "PP»rently clean,, the ore vcrv etk-cln I Iv l 7 "'"""'■"""y- ;;V%. n. fron, it „., ,;„„ J ^^'^J ™'f "^ •■'- ooar« the .■,k,mj,i„gs or refuse contained onlv n r ' ''"' ""'" "'''"'' yl'., f™„, the .„„„ „,„chin 1: . , "o"/: """■ '^''« «- refuse 0.73 p. c. The nrodnc f„ ■ ^ ""''■ •'""I the huddle, assayed 78.C p r ce„ "rV'lf '"" "'" """ '"'"'"" the operation gave 0.4C pe 1 tI„ , ,'° c""*' '''■'"" "'" »""' of the 8t™p.work ™ T "* ""^ ""^' ''"f"* l'"'h>ets huildin,, andlX -of Zr^oS'l ""■"t; "" "*""■"'? roek trcted in the ln,,„v„rrwr d ri r,«,« ^^r''' "^ "■' I make no attempt to do^criho th. , -1^ ' '^* l^'^'' ^«"^- •'-hie and FrLklif s.r;; I ^^ «:,;'7'';-7 »'■ '"^ andwaahera arc cmplned To ;„ 1 u '''■"* *'^""1'« een..^ Of coppering,, .le;;£; however, fron, the per- -ne here as i„ .he Q„i„cy s.,,!; t^' 'wi;;,l'." ""' ^ «" of the auperintendent of thfl Pr,.nH- . »«.np]c. ta„ „ri„„, ;;L „f " i" ."""P-™*. I took .evoral From head of run. . " "lidtllc of do 4.93 per cent. " end of do .'.'."".'."'.'' ?• . " Hheapininjediateiyouisideofrun ^"^^ house .. " sand bank.. "■*' " When ,t ,3 recollected that the yield of tl,„ i Franklin ,,an,p.work is only l.6C:'''"/f '■""''^ '"' "'" ll.e .Ubany and Boston Minin. Co r,, • ^ ^'•™if'-worh of Collon,'» jigger, are e™p|„l° ^hil^ ,? \r°'""« ""»!» »'"' stamp-work. (The Huron ,m„„ f " '""° "' ""= H«ron wear., to be a^ yet „nertai„ ' 'J °° ^''l ^* «°^* '""'•) It ;l» most advanta^eo,,, r „ "e'; „",te ''*" °' """'"' '» l.e.ng acnired in the district al„,os" da^v ^T'""" "'"'"' '" main a matter of doubt It i, 1, ^ ' " """""t long re- where such an enor, .o„, allt"T'.f ^'"^ ""■" '" » ""'«' «"d *mp-w„rks, there ,1 "uld be no ' ' '"™'»'' '" "i"™ accnratelj., by the wet pro.^er the „ '"™'"°" """'« f"-- tO"'".!! duet, of the ore.dr«i^r "; * J"7; -'« and other pro^ ""hout such means, to^ol Tl" i' " ''""' '^''^'^"' tl"d of eoncentratiou i, tl Lt """ ""^ '° *«'' ■»«' The system of dividino- +»,„ i i . Lave contributed n t ,1. e" ^ L'"'" .™" ■"«««- «"« to --of the Portage L,dc7dil"r 71^ fl*'""'™' <•' '"o Jl"™ "'i'o of 640 acres, and each of fie °"l "°«" »"" four quarters. Some -^ «„ best of ,1 " ™''^'"*'' '"«" length of lode to work upon than „° "'"":' ''™ »» ™re «tiou. As a consequeCe Z 7 . ""'•■''""' '" » >l»arter ■"ining companie,,, and the r'mLer '™ " ,. """^''^ "' "'« onpriferous bed, at onee tumcdT ™1 ' °° *°.''«»ve,y of a The opposite .ysien,, which 1^^1,7^ * "",'' """'"S '" '""Pth- of having ver/large minin^TlTil ° ". ""'"' °' ""■ 1'^". «- of the count^ as it S ^ZZZZ'TT'" '" *° "'- ■aploralions arc carried on over fl . " """""»■■'■ '■''ho '"'.V. are not easilv snl I'L'"" ^ m" "™' "'"^ "™ <'«■'- ^,,1, .V Fimtended, and seldom yield an, d„H„i^, I / 18 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. ("p^i, r^^t:^^!' Tr *^ ^^P«*»^«tso.eof the be found use u rdeTe^^^^^^^ "'"^^ '' ""^^^^ ^^^^ will «uch there can scarcely bo doubLV „ ^1 ^^' '^^'*"°«« ^^ if the same energy JclliLl .' "°^ f ^« ^^^^ certain that dovelopement af^foof p' J^^'*'' T« «-P%cd in their nowa*.ilderness,would onbo. "^^^^^^ '^' "'^'^^ shore, shore: ^ ^ '' *^"«^ ^h'"'^ now ornament the south Acton Vale, C. E, January 3, 1866. [Feb. me of the liBke will ive cupri- astence of rtain that i ill their th shore, ' as flour- he south