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He will then behold it, as it is, and not as he wifhes it to be ; the object of his fenfes, not of his imagination ; opprefl'ed by the accumulated miferies of a long and unfiiccefsfnl war; a war rendered particularly difadvantageous by the num- ber and ftrength of the powers to which we are oppofed; by the remotcnefs of the theatre on which the bloody fcenes are adled ; by the infinite expence of « tranfportation of forces, ftores, and pro- vifions to various garrifops detached in different parts of the world ; by the im- menfe increafe of a ruinous national debt; by an almoft univerfal decay of commerce and manufactures; by an hourly extending difficulty in recruiting our fleets and armies ; and by what may be deemed the worft of all national mif- fortunes, the want of a truly enlarged public ttj t 5 1 public fpirlt, and an extinction of that real patriotifm, which, in the threatening hour of danger, ever points to national unanimity, as the only path to national fecurity. Of the three foreign powers leagued againft us in this war, one was our ancient and natural ally ; however her councils may of late have been w^arped by the infidious policy, or the more public influence of a powerful and domineering neighbour, her real interefts are ftill connected with ours ; (he is the firmed continental fup- port of the conftitutional independence of Britain ; every native of the united Low Countries, who has looked into the records of part time, or turns his eye towards the future, muft dread the in- creafing power of the Houfe of Bourbon, and can find no poife to that immenfe bulk, but the weight of the Britiih em- pire hung on the oppofite end of the lever. Such have been, and fucb *nu{l ever t 6 ] *ver be the decided fentimcnrs of fh« genulue patriots of Holland ; in the ge- lieral commotion of parties and intereils artfully roufed to aa umiatural war, the flill, fmall voice of truth was drowned in the tumult of the bribed and ! fatuated multitude ; but the return of peace, with the bleilings of commerce in her train, will foon remove the delufion. Many of our moft worthy and intel-< ligent citizens were averfe to the prolecu- tion of a war againfl thefe our natural and original allies, and their powerful oppofition rendered it additionally difficult to maintain, if not totally imprai^icable. But the general fyftem of the war had additional obftaclesto encounter; fouiid^d originally on an unfortunate difTentiofi with our fellow-citizens beyond the At- lantic, on motives which I think it rtow unneceflary to praife or cenfure, it in* volved, ill its rife and progrefs, the paf- fions^ t 7 3 fions, the habits, the connedlions, an! the interefts of many of the ableft, the mofl virtuous, and ir.oft cUftinguiOied m- habitants of thefe kingdoms; many fuck oppofed tiie profecution of it w»rh the mod laudable intentions, and bv the vigour and perfeverance of their oppofition obtrined that famous vote of the Hoiaft of Commons, which rendered the cfFedtuai prosecution of the war impracticable, and coufequently left no alternative but Peace. «»-^ard mujfl be the fate of him who i6 bound by duty, as well as neceflity, to gcafp at an obje£b, and becomes crjuninal Jt)y the attainm'^nt j Never was there a period in oiar his- tory, except that of the dreadful civil war in the lail century, in which the baneful influence of party fpirit had more per- vaded all orders and profeffions, than the age in which we live ; in the virtuous x Roman fbldier, while iu the 6eld, had no i 8 j 110 enemies but thdfe of his country ; Kts contefls in the Areopagus, or his ha- rangues in the Forumj were forgotten till the battle was fought, and the triumph of his general reftored hirn to the bufy commotions of civil life. The ftates of Greece were ufually engaged in petty, inteftine wars, till neceffity aflembled them in one great caufe againft the power of Perfia ; on fuch an occafion the heat of private rancour was cooled ; perfonal animofity was forgotten ; even that vir* tuous paffion of local jealoufy, founded on local patriotifm, was fufpendedi — • Themiftocles, labouring for the welfare of united Greece, bade his rival colleague ** ftrike, but hear," and forgot the man and the Athenian in the general caufe of his country. Who can forbear drawing the dreadful humiliating contraft ? — Let the voice of contending and accuiing parties, which flill echoes in our fenateS) and brawls in our t 9 ] our public ftreets, bear witnefs to the diigraceful truth ; let the ill fuccefs of bur fleets ; let the capture of our armies i let the confequential lofs of our provinces record to pofterity at ledft One dilhonour* able fource of our national misfortunes i and may the faithful pen of hiftory mark with infamy to ages yet unborn, thofe who miy 'je found guilty of fuch atrocious violatidns of every public duty. Such then muft appear the riate of this country ; engaged in a wide-wafting war with various powers, among the reft With our ancient and real ally, and with our numerous, powerful, and once well-afFe6t- ed fellow^citizens | without a (ingle ally in the wide extent of the Univerfc , feebly fupported by an heterogeneous army of ftipendaricsi not auxiliaries, compofed from different nations ndt united to us by common interefts, a common language^ or any other bond of focial connexion j the native part of our army divided by B private [ .0 ] private eiivy and jealoufy, by public ran*' cour and malevolence — Our fleets dif- uuited by fa6^:ion ; the Union flag of Britain changed into the enfign of Dif- cord; our civil councils jarring and di- vided ; no great and confiftent plan of war adopted, or indeed at this time prac- ticable ; no condant influx of rcfources to fupport the continuance of boftilities, or the various exigencies of a ftate en* gaged in more than Quixotic adventures; the landed interefl of the nation lofing fight 01 vilionary aids and air-drawn fub- fidies which an ideal America bvM forth to their djftempered imagination ; the commercial iutereil alarmed and defpond^^ Ing ; all united ii> the cry for peace, and in nothing elfe; ail ready to hail the Dove, which fhould return to their Ipng wandering Ark with the branch of Olive; all flghing for »\ Ararat, on which to* reft from the agitation of the tempeft. The Dove is at length returned-^Has^ fhe returned In vain, or has fhe brought [ » ] th6 real Olive ? That is the queftion I wifli to difcufs, always keeping in view oUr prefent relative fituation ; expelling from minifters what is fairly practicable ; neither excufing their negligence, if fuch ihiil be found, nor expecting impoflibili- ties from their zeal^ their knowledge, or their vigilance, I mean therefore to make feme obfer-* vations on the preliminaries with France and Spain, and the provifional treaty with America, in the order in which they w6re layM before both Houfes of Parliament, and fince printed by Authority. Firft with France as to Newfound- land and the Fiiheries. The King of Great Britain retains, as before, the full fovereignty of the ifland of Newfoundland and the adjacent iQands (except St. Pierre and Miquelon) as the whole was ceded to him by the 1 3th ar- B i tide [ ,2 ] ticle of the treaty of Utrecht. France had a right by the 13th article pf th^ treaty of Utrecht to take fifti, dry them on land, and ere^ flages and hu^s for that purpole only, from Cape Ronavifla on the eaft fide of the ifland round by the north to Point Riche on the weft fide : this right was confirmed by the fifth ar? ticle of the treaty of Paris, and the pre- fent preliminary articles alter the ftipula* tions of the treaty of Utrecht only in the boundary line, which is now on the eaft fide at Cape St. John, much farther north than Cape Bonavifta the former boundary,, and extending round by the north to Cape Ray on the weft fide, far- ther fouth than Point Riche the former weftern boundary, thus taking away from France, on the eaft fide, where the fishery is moft profitable, a line of coaft equal to what is added on the weftern fide, and leaving the refpedive rights of fiftiery of both nations nearly in the fame fityatioi^ iu [ »3 ] ill which they were placed by the treatie3 already mentioned. The iflands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. very fmall and barren fpots near the fbuth iide of Newfoundland, were, by the 6th article of the treaty of Paris, ceded in full right to France; by the prefent ar- ticles they are to be ceded to her in the fame planner. lU By the treaty of Paris the French had the liberty of fifliing in the gulf of St. Lawrence at the diftance of three leagues from the coaft of the continent and iflands ; this liberty is confirmed by the prefent articles; whether the definitive treaty (hall extend this right nominally to the coaft of Cape Breton and Nova Scotia, or make any regulations on that fubje<3:, I am unable to determine, thinking how- ever that this right will be exercifed by France under the 5th article of the treaty of Paris, and the 1 8th article of the pre- fent pjeliminaries. C 14 J Thus we fee, that, after this vei-y un« fortunate war, we have been able to pre- ferve thefe branches of our trade and marine, as far as France is concerned, nearly in the fame fituation in which it was placed by fome of our ableft nego- ciators at the clofe of the two mod glo- rious and fuccefsful wars in which this nation was ever engaged* . In the West Indies the war in ge- neral has, on our part, been exceedingly unfortunate ; with the exception of one very brilliant and conspicuous day, the memorable 12th of April 1782, every hour has almoO; been marked by difafler ; many of our beft iflands have fucceffively fidlen into the hands of our ehendses ; of tht/even which have been thus captured* only o»f has been retained by the French, and that perhaps among the moft incon- fiderabje — ToBiAoo, fituated very far to the fouthward, and remote from our other Caribbie iiland*, as yet much un- fettled t '5 1 fettled and uncultivated, ieems but a flight recompence for fuch iflahds as Grenada and the Grenadines, Saint Vincent*, Dominica, Saint Christopher's, Nevis, and Montserrat. Theifland of Grenada in the fcalc of commerce and national importance, outweighs many Tobago's; that able and excellent writer, the late Df. Campbell, in his Political Survey of Great Britain, gives the higheft degree of praife to its climate, its fbil^ and its produdlions ; he mentions its free- dom from the blaft, its fecurity from hurricanes, its abundance of rivers and fprings ; the plenty of ground provifions, vegetables of all kinds, rich fruits, ani- mals, river and fea fi(h^ As to its pro- ductions that enter into commerce^ he fays, that it is generally allowed, that whatever they are. Sugar, Cocoa, Coffee, Cotton, or Tobacco, for all in their turn have been raifed there, they are the very beft in their refpedtivc kinds; he men- tions, that it hath been further alTerted, by [ «6 ] ty very good authority, that the tlrac cinnamon and nutmeg trees have been found in the fofefls, probably a future fuhjedi of moil profitable commerce; The ports of Grenada arc many and excellent, particularly thofe of Calivenie^ and the harbour of Fort Royal or the old rortj which are fafe and deepi and fuf- ficiently capacious to receive in each of them a large fleet of (hips of the line. The celebrated and - philofophic Abbe kaynal ipeaks of this ifland in terms of the warmed: approbation ; he calls it the fecond of the Britifh Weft ^ndia iflands ; iecond only to Jamaica; a few years fince, while in our poffeffion, its exports amounted to more than fix hundred thou*' fand pounds fterling. After the late mod glorious war, when we were in poffeffion of Martinico^ (ioadaloupe, and a chifter of other con* qucred I »7 } quered lAands, when our fleets etiak^ed us to monopolize the fugar and runl trades, and when we were enabled to didate the terms of peace, our prudent negoclators thought it impolitic to irri*- tate to madnefs a proflrate enemy, and unjud to the commercial world to grafp at a monopoly, which muft have excited againil us all the nations of the earth ; the conquered ifiands were therefore rc- flored ; the neutral iflands were divided ; we were contented to enjoy the Gre- nades, St. Vincent, Dominica, and Tobago, all that time of very little value: in the prefent moment, in the day of our mourning and adverfity, the fpirit and ability of our negociators have procured for us, together with the refti- tution of all our original iflands, that of all thofe formerly neutral iflands, except Tobago; not as before, in their weak and imperfedt flate, but fully productive, peopled, and wealthy; every moment growing into flrength ; long paft the, ' C feeble- [ '8 ] feebleuefs of Infancy^ and ripening Info manhood. Need I mention particularly the im- portance of Saint Vincent; its happy Situation and great extent, the variety and wealth of its productions, its many good bays and harbours, particularly that of Kingston, where the largeft (hips may ride fafely and commodioufly? Nor is it more neceiTary to detail the infinite ad- vantages of Dominica, placed by nature^ as it were, for our , benefit between Mar- tlnico and Guadaloupe, the future rival of both, and a prodigious Support xo the weftern commerce of this country. Our old, original iflands, which are all reftored to us, are too well known to re- quire any obfervations on their great and vifing importance. By the treaty of Paris, Saint Lucia WAS confirmed to the French ; its har* hour I '9 ] bour alone renders it valuable ; the foil is ungrateful ; the air peflllential ; many of our valuable officers, feamen, and fol- diers, have perlfhed there fince our late acquliition of this fatal iflanc} ; fmall, very fmall remains of thofe regiments are now to be feen, who garrifoned Morne Fortune and the other forts when the gallant Bark-INqton fo fuccefsfuHy re- pulfed the fleet of d'Eftaign.-^ Thofe few gallant men can atte(): the truth of what 1 naw write on this fubjed. France has always thought the poffef- fion of St. Lucia highly neceflary to the commercial fecurity of Marti nico, and, influenced by this idea, infifled on the excluiive dominion of it even after her various defeats in the former war ; (he obtained what Hie then demanded, and is it poflible fo fuppofe that, in Ifler pre- fent hour of profperity, any dexterity of our minifters could induce her to relin- of hoftilitie? agajnft France, the port of Dunkirk was fufficiently repaired to receive and fit out veffels of force, and everi frigates; it can never be rendered capable of receiving (hips of the line, and can therefore never become more than a neil for privateers and light velleis, to which ufe it may always be converted in defiance of our ftrongeft op- poiition ; the mijnfter eafily faw that it was light to concede what co\ild not be with-hoLden, and that this was not the feafbn to affume the tone of ufelefs infult* Thofe articles^ are therefore wifely abro- gated and fupprelTed by the preient preli- minaries. The fubfequent articles with Frajiice relate to prifoners, prices, the epocha's to take place as to reftitution and fur- render in different parts of the world, and other circuoiftances of courfe and in the ordinary ftyle of negociation. — I (hall only obferve, that by the i8th Article, pro* . V Z perly [ »8 ] perly managed, fome advantages in trade may be obtained, and that by the 1 9th, Hudfbii's Bay, Bencoolen, and other places taken from us, not particulaily rpeclfied, mufl be reflorcd. i; ' Thus have I gone through the Teveral articles with France, in which I have found little on which the trumpet of fadion can found even an imaginary tri- umph ; the great demagogue himfelf, who has arrogantly affumed the mort facred of all titles, the man of the PEOPLE^' will attempt in vain to depre- ciate this part of the treaty, though his flrongeft efforts will probably be di reded againft it; he will roll his brazen thunder for fome time longer, 'till even the meaneft of his friends fhall deted the impotetire, and the offended people, the real political Jupiter, fhall hurl the rhetorical Salmoneus into the abyfs of miamy. ^ Th^ I ^9 ] The Articles with Spain are few, and rnay eafily be difcufled. ■ I " ■ The only alledged utility of Minorca is grounded on the fuppofition of it's af- fording prpte£lion to pur trade in the Mediterranean, and enabling our fleets to annoy our enemies in that fea. — ^I fhall now endeavour to enquire into the truths of this pofition. Our Mediterranean trade, in time of peace, extends to Spain, France, Italy, Greece, and the Levant ; in time of war with the houfe of Bourbon, the two fir- mer kingdoms are neceflarily cut pfFfrorti our trade— in time of peace, our trade in that fea (lands in no need of protection ; even the Barbary ftates are our allies, and we alone, of all the nations in Europe, whiten that fea with our fails in perfedl fecurity ; 1 have known l^ritifh confuls; in the Mediterranean make a fcandalous and injurious traffic of this privilege, and [ 30 3 fell the benefit of the Englifh flag to the Ihlps of rival nations. — -In time of war our trade is confined to the coafts of Italy, Greece, and the Levant, from all which countries Minorca is far diftant, and out of the failing courfe, particularly that of Greece and the Levant ; all the ports of Italy, Villa- franca, and Nice, where we (hip filk, wine, fruit, and tjil ; Genoa and its whole Riviera, Leghorn, and Naples (to all which we refort for fimilar commodities, and to all which, in our a<9t ihips, we export our native produc- tions and manufadures to a great amount) afford ample protedtion to our ihips of war and privateers, and gladly receive our veflels employed in that trade ; Leghorn, as a ftation for cruizers, has ever been more ufeful to us than Mahon, and in the war of 1741, Villa-franca re- ceived our mofl numerous fleets, and from the Situation of that port, they were enabled to diftrefs the commerce and ^oynt^ra^ th^ naval of»era.tiops of France niuph [ 3« ] much more efFedhially than could have been done from the diflant harbour of Mahon. How little the poffeflion of Minorca can aflift our trade to Sicily, to the coafts of the Adriatic, to the Greek iflands, to Alexandria, or to the other ports of the Levant, the flighteft acquaintance with commerce and geography will eafily enable us to determine. In the prefent and laft wars Minorca foon fell a prey to the invader ; lying at the doors of France and Spain, and at a great diftance from ours, the attack Is quick, cheap, and efFedual ; the relief Is flow, expenfive, and ufually impradllcable ; a numerous garrifon has been long fup- ported there at an exorbitant expence, and the place was always wrefted from us at the beginning of a war, when only, if at any time, it could by any poffibility prove advantageous.— I Arraign not the defenders l\ [ B^ i defenders of this pod, neither the me- mory of the veteran Blakeney^ nor the valour of its late gallant commander ; the public voice has acquitted them from cenfure, and the ftrideft examination hai proved that Fort Saint Philip was de- fended to the utmoft, and, by fuch de- fence, found to be ht from impregnable* But, what Minorca cannot at this time, andnever could fupply,GiBRALtAR has at all times, while in our pofleffion, moft: effedtually afforded ; the former, on the fuUeft trial, is ceded for its infuf- licicncy ; the latter, at all hazards, even at the rifque of the continuance of war, retained in our poileflion ; Gibraltar, fevering the ocean from the Mediterranean, and protecting bur trade in both ; divid- ing Toulon from Breft and Rochfort, and Carthagena ftom Cadiz and Ferrol ; fe' parating the maritime forces of Prance and Spain, and materially weakening them by fuch feparatiou; Gibraltar, Sti Ihorf , [ 33 ] fhort, of infinite importance to Britain, and dill rendered more dear to ud by its late glorious defence, (hould never be ceded but with the lad (hip of Britain ; the ceflion of Minorca, like the ampu- tation of a decaying limb, mufl add vigour to Gibraltar, to which, as of abiblute neceffity to our naval independence, every attention fhould be paid to the remotefl period. ^^''^' West Florida is retained by Spaixi, and £ast Florida ceded to her by thefe preliminaries ; we have tried Wed Florida firtce our pofTeinon of it by the lad peace, and found it of very little im- portance in any line of national coniide- ration ; poireifed of no good harbours, unhealthy in its climate, and limited in its extent to the Northward, it has hung as a milldone round the neck of Britain ; in the view of found policy it may be reckoned prudent to place Spain as th6 pear nwghbour of' the Amferkan dates ; E COU'* • I 34 ] .contention muft neccffarily arlfc whdtft intereAs are really oppofite, ahd from ftich contentions our late fellow citizens will foon be taught to perceive the ne- .ceffity of changing theia- prefent line of policy, an^ of eilablidiing a political and commercial alliance with this couQtry, by whofe miftaken felfi(hnefs they were Airged to an immature and precipitate reparation. ' EAst Florida; barren, fandy; un- healthy, and unlhelttred, lies nearly in the fsivrit predicament; no real ftrength is, by the ceffion of this province, added to Spain ; lior will its boafted culture of the vine, nor its Greek coldhy, nor its other Utopian projeds, ever prove ^in any degree fubftantially advantageous: when, by the peace of Paris, it was' yielded to Britain, and its various microfcopic benefits holden up and magnified te the public pye by the minifterial Katterfelto's of that day> one of them, and not the leaa I 35 ] leaft honeft, and ufually not the worft informed, could find nothing (o useful in its fuppofed numerous products as the abundatice of peat, which he alledged might moft profitably be exported to Jamaica, and the other Weft India iflanda —Whether as Auditor^ or in any othei! capacity, I believe that very reipe£):abl0 gentleman hasnotfince been enabled to difcover, in the bofom of his favoiirkc Ifiorida, any thing more matejially be- neficial than that fpecies of fuel, with ivhich he intended to have warmed his Jhivtring countrymen hetween the 7r9pks» If the poffeffion of Eafl Florida could ever have been fuppofed ufeful to Britain^ ks fuppofed utility mufl: have been founded on the i4ea;j.that thQ ppCeiTQi^ of that province commands tl^e naviga" tion of the Gulpb of Florida, and thus Gontrouls the Flpta's of Spam iu tbeii^. return from the Gulph of MiexicO) ^ Europe—- to fupport this pofition, it ihauJJ E a bo be granted, that Eaft Florida is poffefled of harbours or good roads fit for vcffels of force, where they may wait the approach of their expeded prey ; the contrary of this pofltion is the known and dired truth ; the only neighbouring poflefiions which, in any degree, command the paflage of Florida are the Bahama iflan^ds, which are ^<^w reftored to us, and which ha?*, at all times of a war with Spi^in, molt ma- terially injured her commerce and power in that part of the world. . A prudent and attentive minifter wWl build on the 4th Article of the prelimi- iiaries Ivith Spain, a folid commercial ef- tabliihment for his country on the con- tinent of South America, produdive of many national benefits, as well from the cutting logwood as from a beneficial con- nexion with the Creole Spaniards, and other natives of the Bays of Honduras, and Campeachy and the Peninfula of Yuc^atan. No [ 31 J No man of political fagacity can be found at this day, who will coolly and impartially deny the neceffity of our ac« knowledgment of the Independence of the United States of America. — If peace with them be the objedt of our warmeft defire ; if a return of their friendship be a oir- cumftance devoutly to be wiflied for, and ardently to be purfued ; if by a com- mercial alliance with them the drooping commerce of this country may be reftored to its primitive vigour ; if national har- mony and unanimity be defireable in the prefent ftate of thefe didraded king- doms; if it be the juft policy of this country to prevent the overfpreading growth of the Houfe of Bourbon, from whole branches drops of a poifonous na- ture mufl always ^11 on its inferior neigh- boursj if thefe, or a thoufand concurrent reafons can fandtify this meafure, it flands fully juftified in the prefent fituatlon of things, as a plan of wifdom and good pplicy, founded on the immutable law$ of of hature, and the eternal principles b^ equity.— It feems abfurd to make any ob- fervatidns on this part of the treaty with America^ as all; nien are how cured of that national frenzy which latcljr inflamed the natives of Britain in purfuit of that hideous fantom uneonditional fubmiffim. .J " The experiment pf fubdiiing Atrierica has bfien tried, but tried in vain ; but, in all {jfpjedt.Sj though the point originally fought may be foiitld inattainable, many iifcpveries are made of the higheft im- portance and utility ; we may how learn from our dearly purchafed experience, that a very great extent of remote territory is ieidom defireable ; that as colonies on a wideiy-extended continent enlarge and become populous, they will, and they necelBTarily mufl, gradually recede from the contioul of the original ftate ; — the natural world gives the example; the fwaiin, once fepardted frbm the hive, feels and aflerts its independence; the eagler, vvhc *• zm >>'■■ I 39 3 who for tliC firft time tries the power of his wings* rejoices in the fuccefs of the trial, ai^^ huilds his own aery beyond the cpntrovil of his parent; even man, indi- vidual ma;i^ when adult, is attached to thofe froqx whom he has received his being, morj^ by the ties of reafon and gratit;ade, than by any bond of phyiical inftin^t,, or any obligation of poiitive duty ; nor is the fon bound by any law human or divine to facrifice his own im* mediate interefts or the profpeds of his pofterity to the (:aprice or injuftice of an Vnnatural father. But this is not now a point worthy of ^thical difcuffion — whether this be a re- volution founded on nature or equity or hot, it is evidently built on the broad b.ile of found policy, and indeed of ab- fblute neceffity. ii Some ill coniequences ar6 apprehended as likely to arife from this creation of a new t 40 ] iiew power beyond the Atlantic ; a power which fbme fee, by anticipation, already annihilating our navy, and deftroying our commerce ; it may be neceffary to advert "Many years, nay generation!?, muft pafs before America can become a popu- lous, and, confequently, a manufa£tur- irig Couritty; in an extended country, agritlilture precedes manufkiStureis j Her afpiring and impatient fettlers will pene- trate the receffes of the country, and long wander before they can fix in eflablifh- nients able to cope with thofe of Great Britain in many branches of pfeful ma- nufacture ; in the woollen trade particu- larly, from the dearnefs of labour and the abiblute want of the prlmum^ (he mufi: cVeif be deficient, and be principally fup- plied from thefe kingdoms. '■ 'A navy is the flow growth of time, and ages will dap^ before that of America [ 4' ] can finely cope with that of BflXtia ; ^he the American o2ijfL decays fpeedily, which muft caufe the neceffity of eternal re- newal and reparation ; the expences pf ^ great navy are enormous and perpetual— A regular and extenfive trade ; an ample natipnal revenue ; a fettled pla9 of fyfte- maktic financj^ : a Hngle, coucentereE» which now uniiss theni, ihail ceafc tp have an obje ^d tnder XvhidK tfhalt l>rate^h bf biff totititi&tce ded5?itted dttily^tftjl'^i^ b^eame ^[vailers of Gattada. The ^fteries of N^fw^foiftidlarifd inhere for a cWifiderable time the oritly nbrferies df btrr iftame^, while btfr prevent hejf 'participation; <)^J^|i|^i^,ipf!li^^^ foundlaud» The i 4^ i ii* he ocean flill (preads an ample fpace for our aftivity and induftry ; the Banks of Newfoundland, thfc fiflieries of the Gulf of Saint Lawrehce, of the Labrador^ of Cape Breton, and of Nova Scotia iUli remain unexnauAea ; the fifheries of the North of Scotland are mod abundantj and entirely ours by every right of pro*i priety, yet we havfc long (hared theni with oiir neighboiirs of Holland ; the fifheries of the north-weft coaft of Ire- land, both of herring^ and white-fifh, are fufficient to enable us to man our navy, and replenifh our tre^fury, if wd do not continue to negle