IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o ///, ",^ Q- Q>r M/.^ M/. ij. 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIM m, i:;4 1.4 IIM 2.2 2.0 1.6 ^ / Photographic Sciences Corporation ^ #;^i ^ ;^Ae ^irc^^' /S6B ^^^ I/' s. C . R . CHISHOLM -^* ^^^ ^/7^^c•e c/* ^<» i^y^^yi-z^Ter" y9^^/C6//. r {//?£. ^f^^/^^J^/ jy:^ /^ f in(iifi(i.\ mmi ROYAL MAIL THROUGH LINE iU'HuliiuiKii.^. Cuiiiwall, riv>,-nrt. iJrorkvillc. (iaiiuuiMjuc, Kiii->ti.n. ('"'"-IP-,; |>,,rf II,,],.', I>iirliii-tuii. T..i'(>iit(. ;iti(l llainilton. Direct Without Transhipment. I lii> Mi;i.i(iiiiiccii( Liiir i- .■(.inimsoil of the following Fii-sl Cla^.- SU'ain.'rs, vi/ I'ASSPOitT - KI\(;STON (;iei: < <>l>tui>i F«iry;ricv<' "' Siiuiair I'iirrcil - Tii«'wcl>i.V!« \V4>flii4">>(la.v<>> - T1iiii-*>(Ih.V!h I'rida.^s - Saiiirtlaj.H O.K. Ml„cl, !^u^,.^ il„. (;AX.\L 15A>six, .Moutmil, ut !» o'clock c^ery immung (.Siuulay^ .'x.-epfc(l) aii.l LACIIJM: on (ho arrival o( tlio Train loavin? Uw l',oiiu\..iiliiiv. Mtrcot ,Stii. 110)1 tit lu.onfWrllHioikon and intcn.ie.liaU- Ports, cunnrrtiii- at I'r. ^eott an.I lrior,&r. At Tornut > i,„.l Kan. iliou with tho JMilway.H lur Coilinsrwoo.l, .Srratfor.l, London. Chathain, Sarnia. D-troit ^.iucago, Mihvauko,., ciolona. Gr-m hay. St. I'ui.l, &c. An.l with tli.- St.-an..r City ot lorouto lor Nin.sfnra. L-wistan, Ma^^ara Fall^ Uutlalo. Cl.-vPlund, TohdM, nnoinnati, &i- ■J'li.l. and iVoni the (•oini.l.d.nr^-' ..f thriirnin-'ciMi-nt- l.rosont advontagos to TravclkTs which none ..thrr cun at!:« through ai.i. th i; Kaimlxi nv TiiK Sr. LAAVitKN( E and tlio hcaiitiful .^c-ncry ol the Lake of Ihi- 'rii.>|-^,, ,!„. ,,,,.;,! W • l-.ilwny Riven. I hn.uj^li Tickets with iiny int.oiiiation. may I.. ..hiaiueii <,f U. McLean, sh tli,. Hotels. IVIer l-iine!|, i,t tlie liviyiit(l|lice.(!in!i! ItttMO. :.nd ;.t the< >.)W-, N.. 7:! « ,reMt St .LnmsSt. -Mviisi 1 i Miiv, IS' IS. Al.l \ MII.LOY, ELEGANT HAND-BOOK FOR TOURISTS. ■!■* rl^ I I^ H E II U D S O N, FRO^r THE WILDERNESS 'IV) THE SEA, HV BENSON J. LOSSING, Illiih(rat4-«l by m|>\i iirdw <»! Tlin-o lliiiulrcd l<:iiu:i-a% iiiuw, on Mood niul St4M',. froin Di-a'i%-iii<>-N l»y llic Aiilltor. The INiblishers have aimed in this volume, to produce a book of pcirnanenl value, and have spared neither labour uor expense, in illustniting and des- cribing the beauty of a river which jiresents so many natural wonders ii:id lovely landscapes, and on whose banks are found so many bountiful resi- dences, and splendid jmblic buildings. " Uuih Uw. text and yiustrations aio by IJcnson .). Loiisinjf, and ;,'iv(i by tur tlie hv>t and most hiterestiii>r account ot'ttiat picturesfjue river tliat lias yet upjM.>ared in a single volume.' — Toronto (llohe. "The volume, whicli lias been the work of yoar.«, ufTords a tield for the finest tiualitios of the author, the account of wniiw tour of ('xi)loratioii and travt-l i.x given to u.x in tlio most graphic language, and with all the eiO'pienci' which a love ot nature infrpiref."— Albany Aryus. "The publishers have produced a hook ehelves of fhe library, tho drawing-room tabli- df iho lady, or the valist' of the li-axellcr." — J/ome ,J<>t>nial. " The truthfulness which belongs to the man characterizes the book, and it may be taken \iji in full confidence that its d(.'scri))tions ol .scen(>ry and narratives of adventure are re- liable in the minutest detail."— /V'U*/.- 7,» .•.•//(:'.>• f/histiatnl yi(r.-tj)a2J< r. " J'ictures> '-rJ ^^^Z* /fJ Wf ^'r^ ^^<^^ ^-T ^f\ '?^XT Tu THK C3 1 ^ r A^ 1 > 1 " c> "x^ "^^r .A. TV .A. , THE CAIMTAI. • tlii' St. Fiawrciict' and < ittawa l.'ailway. a ili,>;tance of alinut o'l iiiil("s, to the City ofO'l'TANV A . tlio seat ofllic (lovcriiiufiit ot Caiuula. Tlif iniijiiiilioi'iil I'arliatiii'ntary Uiiil(liii;.'s, the l"all.< o!' the (liaiuliL'io, .•ipaniu'd liy an olcpant Stisiioii-ioii Itihljie: llie cxtt'iisivc Liinibcviiiji^anil otlicr Mills thoic; the celcbi'atcfl Tiinber Slides; the MilitHry Canal Works, mii rounded bv Scenery of unusual Knindeui, lorin a conibination ofaltraVlions rarely met Avilh by the Tourist. The Motel aceoninnidation atOKavva is oftlie (irst order The IMSSKF.L IIOISK (Mr. .lames A. (ioiiin. I'kii)! ietor) is ino.-t ainpU' and (•le;;aiit in all it.-^ aiipointmeuts, and its situation is convenieiit (o all |ioinls olinlerest. Anu'rican Aioncy taken at jiar. rroceedinj: from Ottawa by the splendid Mail Steaun'is ol'the Ottawa Ifiver Navigation Company, tlie 'I'oiirist reunia .sipiin^is (the Sarato^ja ol'Camidu), Ihe jileasiire seeker may sloj) over, and by a lovely drive (d' little more than au liour. reaidi the "<'anada House" at the Springs, which is commodious, comfortable, ami adiniiably kipt. The waters oftbe^e Springs have a wdrld-wide celebrity for their iiiedieinal virtues and curative ^lOwers. and oH'cr a f;reat inducenviit to the ioni-isi as Avell as totlK- imalid to visit ibis locality. TliroHgli Tickct.s from I'rescolt lo cttiiwn. aiul tlieneo to Mondenl liv llic iihove IJoiiK", can be nhtaiiietl Iroiii D. McLEAN, Gencfal Agent, Niacjaiia Falls. I{, W. SllKl'llEli'U, Jroiifreal, Slaiiager, OKawa River Nuvi.craf ion Company. r. IlIOVNOLDS, M,„,,. ..uH Htawa Kaihvay Co r. S. DI;TL0R, I'rescott, Suiieriutcndent, ' ' N.U. — Tlw I'ourist who can span' the time »thould visit tho Mountain and Forest Sc«npry, and the liuntintr and Fisliinp of thi> Tpper Ottawa, which he can do by Sti-amer leaviiiff the Cilv of Ottawa dailv. STKA-MKIJ 6» (0!ii>tiiiii I). MiMov), LEAVES TORONTO DAILY (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED*, AT 7 O'CLOCK, DT'RiXf; Tin; »kas«in' rw \\vk;atiox, Fov Xiasr.-JiM nnd Lcwi'^fon, in connoetiou with the Now York (\'ntr;il Hnih-oaoti-o l>si>iiio JS^ti-iMM, (thrkf doorj west from kranco/s xavier), MONTREAL. Awarded ist PRIZE and PRKMIUIVT in 1S63 and 1865, FOR JAMS, JELLIES AND CONFECTIONERY. MANN & SON, 403 NOTRE DAME STREET. Always on hand a complete assortment of Gcntleincns ..nd Bovs' First-duss CLO THINCj, at moderate prices. Gentlemen l(a\int; their order tor a First-class Suit in tl.e morning, will have the '...me complete rhe same eveninu. REMEMBER THE PLACE-403 NOTRE DAME STREET. ^^ANN cV SON. BWflLWIL IIMTm,, (;iiE\T ST. JAiiEs k mm mm ^\m^ S. BROWNING, Proprietor. P I The undcrsi-zinca takes pleasure in inibnnin.i,' his IViciuls ;ind the pub- lie that ho lias opened the New and Kh>L'nnt Hotel situated upon Cireat St. James and Notre Danx; Streets. Tlu; Ifouse for the reeeption -t(ici\ of k w S ^V I S S O K 3^: I J I ]." » Visitors to the City ;av iiiviltil ttt call and wc our collection of 4 283 NOTEE DAME STREET, MONTHEAL. f. w m I > I ^^ .-ffl..^-^-^,,tj:iM-;S jif'i r* »*^!^::^ ■'"■.»:? .n:-i~L^^ M < > 1 ^ < > I> ^IX >, O A^IX A. 1 > . V . '^lli^ >pltiidiil, coiuuKMlinus Hotel ((>|HMieil l»y tlic uiulersii^iuil tin' \>i August last) ii^ tii)iftis been to make this one of the most uncxeeptionablc tirst-elass Hotels in the country. The undersigned trusts that his long experionee in the Clifton l[(>use at Miagara Falls will give eou(id«MK'e to his friends and tlie travelling laiblic that they will receive every attention and comfort, with rcasonalile ebarges, in this his New and Elegant House. G. P k!5 .tj^ jr\^ jtv Z:i LESSEE AND MANAGER. May 1st, 1S(J8. ' m In I -^ikm-z ^r^. '. 1 im 12 L2 \v, \ . liiiiiiiiii**.. I -WflM ■yr k ^^^ 30 'IS ±^ /^> 1^ »AAfAD/AA/ H^BirAfi^ MO/Vr^£AL^ MOUNTAIN. ^ .ii 1 RAILWAY iiiiiiiiium.u ■ . n,,w,M..iyJ !E S^^--'^^^ I ■T'T^- '^■vl "'%:,':£' t '/A i€J d - ^y*v ' -■:% l''"VVtevAV». "**"V\\\'V, t?'"""r ' //// ii I' i » •»•• HMMMi ^ -^ i( i CHISHOLM'S PANORAMIC GUIDE FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. BY WM. S. HUNTER, Jb. ► ♦■-♦-♦^ 'UBLISHEO BY O. R. CHISHOLM, RAILWAY AND STEAMBOAT NKWS AGENT. IIIINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, ST. MCIiOLAS STUP:F;r. 1868. i PEE FACE. The following work is intended to supply what has long appeared a desideratum to the tourist who visits Niagara and the St. Lawrence, — a Panoramic or Pic- ture Ma]) of all the most celehrated and picturesque points along this noble river. The Author has, through a variety of difficulties and at great ex- pense, finished tlie work which he contemplated ; and however great may have been the task, the assur- ance and encouragement of many friends give him every reason to believe, that he will have no cause to regret the attempt of bringing before the puldic his Panoramic Guide from Niagara to Quebec. As the country embraced in the range of liis illus- trated scenery has been fully explored and noticed by other travellers, the Author has not deemed it necessary to add long descriptions of the different towns and villages to his work. He trusts that his r vin PREFACE. Panorama itself will be found sufficient, mainly, for the object in view: viz., that of condensmg much important matter within a very small space. In the selection of materials for description, he has, in addi- tion to his own observations, availed himself of the various reliable sources of information to which he has had access. He has made free use of an excellent work, i)ublished in the form of a Hand-book, by 11. W. S. Mackay, Esq. To difference of taste, and a necessary limit to the extent of the work, must be assigned any apparent omissions, which those conversant with the scenery of the St. Lawrence may observe. Stanstead, C. E.J Oct. 25, 1856. CHISIIOLM'S PANORAMIC GUIDE. APPROACH TO NIAGARA. The traveller in his first visit to this place is impressed witli a sense of inexpressible amazement. His emotions are not unlike those ot the votary of necromancy, who, when once within the magic circle, trembles under the influence of the enchanter, even before he confronts tlie wizard himself. A low sound, like the pealing of distant thunder, tells him i)lainly that he is ap])roaching the wonder of wonders, The Falls of Niagara ! HORSE SHOE FALL. Who ean forget his first view of this grand and stupendous spectacle? The roaring is so tremendous^ that it would seem that if all the lions that ever have lived since the days of Daniel, could join their voices in one "■Mullah's" chorus, they Avould pro- duce but a whisper, in comj)arison to the deep dia[>iison of this most majestic of all nature's horse shoe fall. pipes or organs. The wooden bridge which connects the mainland with Goat Island 10 CniSUOLM'S PANORAMIC GUIDE ! KA i c FROM NlA(iAiL\. FALLS 10 QUEBEC. v./ u 'M, ll'll' ii , .i, I il'" '• I 12 CniSUOLil S PANORAMIC GUIDE THE RAPIDS. is eagerly passed, and we exj;Iore the whole of this curious crag, which is rightly named, for it is found fimtastically enough to suggest that goats only could find a couifort- able footing. The sublimity of the scene increases at every step ; but when we come upon the mighty Cata- ract, we gaze in speechless wonder. But words cannot describ*i the gi-an- deur of this scene, nor the emotions which it excites ; neither can the poicil, any more than the pen, do it justice. The silent and the still picture wants the motion and the sound of that stupendous rush of waters. It is impossible to paint the ever rising column of 8j)ray that spires upward from the foaming gulf below, or the prismaJic glor^-^ that crowns it ; for there indeed hi\s God forever "set his bow" in the cloud, and cold must be the lieart that in such a scene remembers not his covenant. As neither descriptive language nor pictorial art can give an ade- (juate conception of the magnitude of this wondrous Cataract, some notion may be suggested of the immense voluniti of water falling over the precipice, wh^n it hats been computed to be nearly 20,0()0,- 0(K> cubic feet per minute, in I'le Horse Shoe Fall alone; to say nothing of the Fidl on the American side. The Horse Shoe Fall is 1900 feet across, and 158 feet in height; the American Fall is 1)08 feet wide, and 104 feet high. It is calcnlated that those Falls recede at the rate of a foot every year. It is here that the beauti- ful phenomenon of the rainbow is seen to such advantage. TABLE ROCK. This is truly a magnificent crag, — the projection at the top b. ing immense, from whicli large masses are often falling. AT-- ^ ..v^^^i- dents have ]iai)pened to tourists venturing too near the precipice. A small steamer, called " The Mf'id of the Mist," plies up and down the river, for two or three miles, and ventures even close under the Falls. Some travellers are also fond of dressing themselves in tarpaulin clothing, and going behind the projection of the impending FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEDEC. 13 TABLE ROCK — NIAGARA FALLS. u chisiiolm's panoramic guide EXTKANCE TO THE CAVE OF THE WINDS. cliff, behind the mighty Fall ; but the danger is, we consider, far too great for the mere sake of saying that we have been under Niagara. The Table Eook, however, exists now but in n imory, for it suddenly loll some years ago. Had -: this accident occurred an hour or two earlier .-- in the day, the Victoria Bridge, the Grand Trunk Railway, and all other Canadian I undertakings thereunto pertaining, would \ be a dream of the future, and not a substan- - tiality of the present ; for a very short time previous to the disappearance of the sli])pery granite, there wore standing upon it, view- ing the Falls, the engineer of the Bridge, juid several of his colleagues in the enter- prises that have been mentioned. About three miles below the Falls is a frightfully wild spot, ^zr^-^'^^=^js^_^^ called the Whirlpool. The ravine is termed the Bloody Run, from a sanguinary en- gagement between two hos- ^^ tile Indian tribes. No hu- man effort could possibly rescue the unfortunate in- dividual who should happen to become entangled in the eddies of this pool. Tt is supposed that there is a subterraneous current from this spot. li(>t\veeii it and the Falls there was a temporary suspension In-idge ; but it has been superseded by a stronger one for the Great Western Railway of Canada. Close to the Falls is a very fine hotel, situated on the Canadian side, from whence the two Falls may be seen to great advantage ; although the choicest point of view we consider to be above the Falls altogether. Nothing can exc<'ed the grandeur of the view here ; and, to repeat a former remark, no art or description can fully realize the beauty and sublimity of the scene. mn FRCM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. THE DEVIL'S HOLE 15 is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river, three and a half miles below the Falls. The Bloody Run, as previously men- tioned, falls into this chasm. The following tale will, we think, be read with interest, in connec- tion with Niagara. THE HERMIT OF THE FALLS. About twenty-five years since, in the glow of early summer, a young stranger of pleasing countenance and person made his appearance at Niagara. It was at first conjectured that he was an artist, a large portfolio, with books and musical instruments^ being among his baggage. He was deeply impressed with the majesty and sublimity of the Cataract and the surrounding scenery, and ex- pressed an intention to remain a week, that he might survey them at his leisure. But the fascination, wiiich all minds of sensibility feel in the presence of that glorious work of the Creator, grew strongly upon him, and he was heard to say that six weeks were insutli- cient to become acquainted with its beauti(!S. At the end of that period he was still imable to tear himself away, and desired to ''build there a tabernacle," that he might indulge in his love of solitary musings, and admire at leisure the sublimity of nature. He applied for a spot on the Three Sisters' Island, on which to erect a cottage after his own model ; one of the peculiarities of which was a draw- bridge, to insure isolation. Circumstances forbidding com})liance with this request, he took up his residence in an old house on Iris Island, which he rendered as comfortable as the state of the case would admit. Here he remained about eighteen months, when the intrusion of a fannly interrupted his habits of seclusion and medita- tion. He then quietly withdrew, and reared for himself a less commodious habitation near Prospect Point. When winter came, a cheerful fii*e of wood blazed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the long hours of eyening by reading and music. It was strange to hear, in such a solitude, the long-drawn., tlu-illing notes of the viol, I 16 CniSUOLM'S PANORAMIC GUIDE or the softest melody of the flute, gnshiiinr fortli from that low-browed hut, or the guitar breathing out so lightly amid the rush and thunder of the never slumbering torrent. Though the world of letters was familiar to his mind, and the living world to his observation, for he had travelled widely, both in his native Europe and the East, he sought not association with mankind, to unfold or to increase his stores of knowledge. Those who had occasionally conversed with him, spoke with equal surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers, his command of language, and his fervid eloquence ; but he seldom and sparingly admitted this intercourse, studiously avoiding society ; though there seemed in his nature nothing of misantiiropy or moroseness. On the contrary, he showed kindness to even the humblest animals. Birds instinctively learned this amiable trait in Iiis character, and freely entered his dwelling, to receive from his liands crumbs or seeds. But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence, was commu- nion with Niagara. Here he might be seen at every hour of the day or night, a fervent worshipper. At the gi'ay dawn he went to visit it in the vail of mist ; at noon, he banqueted in the full splendor of its glory; beneath the soft tinting of the lunar bow he lingered, looking for the angel whose jM-ncil had painted it; and, at solemn midnight, he knelt at the same shrine. Neither the storms of autvunn, nor the piercing cold of winter, prevented his visits to the temi)le of his adoration. There was, at ;his time, an extension of the Serappin Bridge, by a single beam of timber, carried out ten feet over the fatliomless abyss, where it hung tremulously, guarded only by a rude parapet. Along this beam he often passed and re- passed, in the darkness of night. He even took pleasure in grasp- ing it with his hands, and tluis suspending himself over the awful gulf; so much had his morbid enthusiasm taught him to revel amid the terribly sublime. Among his favorite gratifications, was that of bathing, in which he indulged daily. One bright but rather chilly day in the month of June, 1831, a man, employed about the ferry, saw him go into the water, and for a long time after observed his clothes to be still lying upon the bank. The poor hermit had taken his last bath. It was supposed that ,J f FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO Ql'KBEC. 17 craiD]) niiglit havo been induced by the cliill of the atmosphen, or the water. Still tlie body wjis not found, the depth and force of the current below being exceedingly great. In the course of their searcli, tbey pjissed on to tlie Whirlj)ool. There, amid those boiling eddies, was the bwly, making fearful and rapid gyrations u{)on the face of the black water?. At some point of suction, it suddenly plunged and disappeared. Again emerging, it was fearful to see it k'ap half its length above the flood, then float motionless, as if ex- liaust^'d, and, anon, spring upward, and seem to struggle like !i maniac battling with a mortal foe. For days and nights this terrible scene was prolonged. It was not until the 21st of June, that, after many eftbrts, they were able to recover the body, and bear it to his desolate cottage. There they found his faithful dog, guarding the door, Ili'avil}' had the long period worn away, while iie watched for his only friend, and wondered why he delayed his coming. He scrutinizi«rio, thirty-six miles from the mouth of Niagara Kiver. This city wa.s formerly called Little York. The first survey wjis made in 1*^93. Toronto Bay i.s a heautiful inlet, separated from the nuiin bod/ of Lake Ontario, except at its entrance, by a long, narrow, sandy beach. The south-western extremity is cjilled Gibraltar Point. The population, in 1817, was 1200; but, at the pn s!ent time, it iunounts to al)out 00,000. AVith a similar progress for a few years to come, the population of this city will be second to none in British America. Among the principal buildings of Toronto, are a Uni- versity and a Cathedral. One of the ecclesiastical edifices deserves especial notice, — the Church of The Holy Ti-inity; a handsome structure, erected by a donation of five thoustmd jwunds from some liberal person from England, on condition that the whole of the seats should be free. The Elgin Association, for improving the moral and religious condition of the colored population, is junong the most useful institutions of the place. That stupendous undertaking, the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, passes through Toronto, and promises a splendid future, not only for this city, b?.t for every other city in the country ; for the benefits to be derived from it are incal- culable- Nature has bestowed fine rivers and vast lakes, which liave already been made fully subservient to conunerce ; but how wonder- fully will commerce be advanced by the linking of these lakes and rivers by means of railways. Thf tlui Iroquois," was sent to establish a mis- sion at this place, as many of th(^ Indians of that tribe had mani- fested a desire of embra<'iiig Chiistianity. A settlement wa« began in connection with this mission, and a fort, called " La Presentation," was built at the mouth of the Oswegatchie, on the west side. The remains oi walls of this Fort are still to be seen. In O(;tober, 1740, it w^as attacked by a band of Indians from the Mohawks, who, although bravely repulsed, succeeded in destroying the pallisades of the fort, and two of the vessels belonging to the colony. The Abbe Piouet retired from the settlement soon after the defeat of IMont- urned to France, where he died in 1781. ciilni, finally FROM NIAG^UIA TALLS TO QUEBEC. 29 », i% In describing the situation of the ground on (he east side of the river, opposite to liis fort, the Abbe, with his accustomed discrimina- tion, remariied : " A beautiful town could hereafter be built here." This prediction has been fully verified ; and the village of Ogdcns- burgh now occupies this site. It is a flourishing town. It has increased rapidly within the few past years, and will doubtless become a large manufacturing plnce. The North(?rn Railroad, which runs to Lake Champlain, a distance of one hundred and (iighteev miles, and which connects at R^Jusc's Point with the railroads to Boston and MontretU, luis its terminus her-e. PRESCOTT is situated on the Canada side of the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogdens- burgh, and contains about 3000 inhabitants. Previous to the open- ing of the Ridcau Canal between Kingston and Ottawa City (formerly Bytown), Prescott was a place of importance in the carrying trade between Kingston and Montreal ; but since that event its growth has been checked. Matters have, however, again changed, and for Prescott there are prospects of brighter days to come. Through the influence, and energy, and untiring persevcrence of Robert Bell, Esq., of Ottawa City, a railroad luis been built, under almost insurmountabh; obstacles, which extends from Ottawa. City to Prescott, and there connects the Ottawa Iviver with the St. Law- rence. The enterprise has, thus far, more than realized the most * sanguine hofies of its projector. Aljout a mile below the town of Prescott, at a place called " Wind- mill Point," are the ruins of an old stone windmill, in which, in 1H37, wiNOMiLi. POINT. tijc upjuHots," undcr Von Shulti:, a Polish exile, establisluMl themselves, but from which they were driven with severe loss. About five miles below Prescott is Chinmey Island, on which the remains of an old French fortifica- tion are to be seen, Tlie first rapid of the St. Lawrence, is at this island. 3* .'i.^ 30 CHISHOLM'S rANORAMIC GUIDE Tlie next town on the American side is Waddington ; and in the river, over against it, is Ogden Island. On the Canada side is Morris))urg, formerly caUed West Williamsburg. It is called the Port of Morristown, and contains about two hundred inhabitants. GALLOPS larius. CHUYSELER 8 FARM. A short distance below Morristown, on the Canada side, is Chryse- ler's Farm, where, in 1813, a battle was fought between the En- glish and the Americans. The Americans were commanded by Gen. Wilkinson, and were at that time descending the river to attack Montreal. The attempt was afterwards abandoned. Thirty miles l>elow Ogdensburgh is Louisville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, distant seven miles. LONG SAULT. This is a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; but examinations have been made, and it is now de- scended with safety. The passage in the southern channel is very narrow, aiu' such is the velocity of the current that a mft, it is said, will dritl the nine miles in forty minutes. DESCENT OF THE RAPIDS. This is the most exciting part of the whole passage of the St. Lawrence. The rapids of the *' Long Sault " rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour. When the vessel enters within their influence the steam is shut off and she is carried III w FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO .QUEBEC. 31 ?t. 1 32 cms holm's panokamic guide BATISTE, AN INDIAN PILOT, STEERING A STEAMER DOWN TUE KATIDS OF THE ST. LAWBENCE- i FROM NIAGARA F.VLLS TU QUEBEC. 33 LONG SAL1.T 1:a1-U)S. onwards by the force of the stream alone. The surging waters present all the angry appear- ance of the ocean in a storm ; the noble boat strains and labors : but, ujilikc the ordi- nary pitching and tossing at sea, tliis going down hill by water i)roduces a highly nov- el sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some danger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the imagination by the tremen- dous roar of the headlong, boiling current. Great nerve, and force, and precision are here recjuired in piloting, so as to keep the vessel's head straijjrlit with the course of the rapid ; for if she di- verged in the least, presenting her side to th» current, or "broached to," :u^ the nautical I)hrase i^*, she would be in- stantly capsized and sub- merged. Hence the neces- viEw IN THE LOVG sAULT. gj^y f^j, enomious power over her rudder ; and for this purpose the mode of steei-ing affords great facility, for the wheel that governs the rudder is placed ahead, and by means of chain and pulley sways it. rapids a tiller is placed astern to the rudder itself, so that the tiller can be manned as well as the wheel. Some itlea maybe entertained of the peril of descending a rapid, when it requires four> men at the A\heel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steer- ing. Here is the region of the dar- ing raftsmen, at whose hands are demanded infinite courage and skill j and, despite of both, loss of life frequently occurs. But in descending the KAFT DESCENPINO THE RAPIDS. 31 CHlsnOLM's PAXOIIAMIC GUIDE IJiuM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 3.> ST. LAWRENCE CANALS. Gallops Canal, ------- Point In)({iu)is Canal, ------ Rapid Piatt Canal, Farnni's Point Canal ------ Coi'nwall Canal, Lon;]; Saiilt, - - - - Boanliarnois Canal, Cotcan, - - - - Cedars, >Split liock. Cascade Rai)ids, La Chine Canal, La Chine Rapids, Fall on portions of the St. Lawi'ence be- tween canals from Lake (Ontario to jNIontreal, -------- From IMontreal to tide water at Three Rivers, --------- MUcs. l/ocks. 2 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 lU 7 Hi 9 8i 5 41 27 8. 0. 11. G L 48. 82.(; 44.1) 17. 12.9 I 204.4 The St. Lawrence canal wjis designed for paddle steamers, but from the magnitude of the rapids and their regular inclination the aid of the locks is not required in descending the river. Large steamers, di'awing seven feet water, with passengers and the mails, leave the foot of Lake Ontario in the morning, and reach the wharves at JVIontreal by daylight, without passing through a single ENTRANCE TO CORNWALL CANAL. DICKINSON S LAN1>1N(J. lock. At some of the rapids tliere are obstacles preventing the descent of de«'ply laden cnifl ; but the government are about to gixe the main channel in all the rajMds a depth of ten feet water, when tlie whole descending trade by steam will keep the river, leaving the csmals to the aacendinji craft ^ 36 CHISIIOLM^S PANOKAMIC GUIDE CORNWALL. This is ft pleasant town, situated at the foot of the Long Sanh, on the Canada side. Here vessels are passed up tlie river by the Cornwall caiud, and come out into the river about twelve miles above. Tlie boundary line between the United States and Canada passes near this villaj^e, and the course of the St. Lawrence is here- after witlua Her Majesty's dominions. ST. REGIS is an old Indian village, and lies a little below Cornwall, on the opposite side of the river. It contains a Catholic church, which was built about the year 1700. While the building was in progress, the Indians were told by tlieir priest that a bell- was indispensable in their house of worship, and thev wcire ordered to colle(;t furs suf- ficient to purchase one. The furs "''ere collected, the money was sent to Fi' tice, and the bell was bought and shipped for Canada ; but the vessel which contained it was captured by an English cruiser, and taken into Salem, Massachusetts. The bell wjis afterwards purcha^^ed for the church at Deei'field. The priest of St. Regis, having ST. REGIS iNDiAss. heard of its destination, excited the Indians to a general crusade for its recovery. They joined the expedition fitted out by the governor against the New England colonists, and proceeded through the then long, trackless wildern(!ss, to Deerfield, which they attacked in the night. Tlie inhabitants, unsuspicious of dan<:er, were aroused from sleep only to meet the tomahawk and scalping-knife of the savages. Forty-seven Avere killed, and one hundred and twelve taken captive ; among whom were Mr. Wil~ liams, the pastor, and his family. Mrs. Williams being at the time feeble, and not able to travel with her husband and family, Avas killed by the Indians. Mr. Williams and a part of his surviving family afterwards returned to Deerfield, but the others remained with the Indians, and became connected with the tribe. The Rev. Eleazar Williams, one of the supposed descendants from this family, FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 37 has boon mysteriously identificfl with the hx'st Daupliin of Fnmce. The Indians, after liav injr completed their work of destruction, fast- ened the bell to a long [jole, mid cai'ried it upon their shoulders a distance of nearly one hundred and fifty miles, to the jdace where Burlington noAv stands ; they buried it there, and in the Ibliowing spring removed it to the church at St. Kcgis, where it now hangs. LAKE ST. FRANCIS This IS the name of that expansion of the St. Lawrence wIiIqIi begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to Coteau du Lac, a distance of foi-ty miles. The surface of this hike is interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster is situated on the northern side, about midway of this lake. COTEAU DU LAC is a small village, situated at the foot of Lake St. Francis. The name, as well as the style of the buildings, denotes its French origin. Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. CEDARS. This village presents the same marks of French origin Jis Coteau du Lac. In the expedition of Gen. Amherst, a detachment of three hundred men, that were sent to attack JNIontreal, were lost in the rapids near this place. The pas- sage through these rapids is very exciting. There is a peculiar mo- tion of the vessel, which in descend- ing seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of tii<' Split Rock, a person unacquainted with the navigation of these rapids w?ll almost involuntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upon it, and you feel L):UA1{ llAi'iDS. 'M cnisnoLM'a tanokamic guide ife ,..-^.^i^ 'iff. FROM NIAGAUA FALLS TO QLKIJEC. 39 J certain that sho will strike ; but a skilful liaiid is at tho helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety. BEAUIIARNOIS IS a small villnjre at the foot of the Cascades, on the south bank vf the river. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois canal, and pass around the rnpids of the C'asca -^ I]ngland [trovinces. The bell that now hangs in their church was ilie '• proceeds " of one of the CAUGHNAWAGA VILLAGE. ?s»' excursions. The villaijc of La Prairie is some seven miles below Caughnawaga. MONTREAL, The largest and most populous city, in fact tho commci Jial metropolva cf British North America, is pleasantly situated upon the south shore of an island, and at the base of Mount Royal, from which both tho city and the island take their name. The island is about thirty miles long, and ton broad, and is formed by the River Ottawa debouchiu-g into the St. Lawrence, at its western and eastern extremities, the former near Sfc Aunes, the latter at Bout de ITsle. It is famed for the fertility of its soil. Tho city was founded in 10-42, upon its present site, and for a long time bore the name of Ville Marie. Hochelaga was the name of tue original Indian village, iipon whicli a portion of the city is built, a^id the eastern suburb of it still retains the name. It was first explorea by Jacques Cartier in 1535. Of its early history nothing has come down to us beyond that, the French settlers wore constantly annoyed by tho ravages of the Iroquois Indians. In 1758 it had a population :f ab. ^o 4000 souls, and had evidently been laid out upon the old Frotich plan of narrow streets, and was divided, as now, into Upper ao'' lowci town; the upper part then being the level of the present Court house. According to an old chronicle : " In the lower towa the incrchauts and men of business chiefly resided, and here FROM XIAGAUA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 41 42 CniSnOLM'S PANaRAMIC GUIDE also were the place of arms, the royal magazines, and the Nunnery Hospital. The principal buildings were in the upper town, such as tihe palace of the Governor, the houses of the cliief officers, the Con- vent of the Kocollets, the Jesuits' Church and Seminary, the Free School, and the Parish Cliurch. The houses were solidly constructed in that semi-mouastie style peculiar to lloucn, Caen, and other towns in Normandy : some of the buildings of that period are still standing. It was for a long time the head quarters of the French forces in Canada. In 1703 it was surrendered to t,ho English, and about that time it was described as a city of an oblong form, surrounded by a wall flanked with eleven redoubts, a ditch about eiglit feet deep, and of a proportionable width, but dry, and a fort and citadel At the beginning of the present centory vessels of more than oOO tons could not ascend to Montreal, and its foreign trade was carried on by small brigs and barques. In 1800 the first steam vessel, called The Accommodation, built by the Hon. John Molson, made a trip to Quebec ; she had berths for alwut twenty passengers. Now, behold the contrast that fifty years of industry, inte^'igence, enterprise and labour have produced — ocean steamers of 3000 tons; the magnificent steamers of tlio Richelieu Company, vying in splen- dour and comfort with the far famed Hudson River boats ; &hips, from 700 to 1200 tons, from all parts of the world, lying alongside the wharves of the harbour — which are not (equalled on this continent, in point of extent, accommodation, approach and cleanliness. The city, as seen from its appi'oach by steamboat, with Mount Royal for a back ground, covered with beautiful villas, interspersed hero and there with tall spires, is majestic, and for beauty almost unrivalled The river frontage is nearly tliree miles in length, ext,cttding from the Victoria Bridge to the village of Hochelagti. For upwards of a mile it has an excellent stone retaining wall from the entrance to tlie Lachine Canal to b.'low the Bonsecours Market, which, with its glittering dome, forms one of the most consjiicuous objects in the right forciground, and contriists with the neighbouring spire of the BonsccDurs Church, one of the oldest churcLes in Montreal. We scarcely think the view can be paralleled as you pass under the centre • See page 48. »UT FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 43 tube of the Victoria Bridge, and first view the long array of glitter- ing spires, the lofty towers of the Parish Church of Notro Dame, the well proportioned tower of the Royal Insurance Buildings, and the long unbroken line of cutstone stores flanking the wharf, from the steamer. X-ITKIIPOOL AND MO'TBEAL SCREW STEAMER. We will now suppose the stranger landed at the base of Jacques Cartier Square : the first thing arresting his eye will be the Bonsc- cours Market and Town Hall ; it is an imposing building of a quasi- Doric character, sarroanded with a large dome, it is divided into three stories, the basement and first floor serving the purpose of a market, which is always supplied with an excellent stock of provisions. The upper part is occupied by the various city offices, and by tho city concert hall— a room capable of containing four thousand persons. Tho building cost about £75,000. Proceeding through Jacques Cartier Square ho need not pause to examine Nelson's monument, but can turn to the left and view the Court House, an Ionic structure, about a hundred and twenty feet long by about seventy in height ; it contains all the judiciary courts, as well as the Prothonotary's office and Court of Bankruptcy. There is a very valuable law library, containing upwards of 0000 volumes. At the back of tho Court House is tlie Champ de Mars, a well kept parade ground, upon which the diffjrent regiments in garrison, and tho Yolunteer Militia parade: upon it three thousand troops may be manoeuvred. During the summer some one or other of the regiments of tlie line, or the Volunteers, are exerciseci — occasionally the militjiry bands play here. Going from the Court House, on the road to the St. Lawi;cnce or a cmsnoLM's rANOiu:Mic guide FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 45 Ottawa hotels, the visitor enters a square callod Place d'Armes. It is not largo in dimensions, but few on tliis continent, if any, can equal it in point of its buildings. Ou the left is the Cathedral of Notro Dame, said to be the largest in North America, and capable of holding ten thousand people. It is about 2G0 foet long, by 140 feet broad, and the fr )nt facing the squiu'o is flanked by two massive towers 220 feet in height. In the one on the left there is a peal of bells, one of which goes by the name of " Gros Bourdon." It is said to weigh nearly 30,000 lbs. ; it has a deep bap° sound, and is used as a fire alarm. The tower on the right can be ascended upon the payment of a small fee, and from its battlement a most wonderful prospect is obtained — the broad rolling waters of the St. Lawrence, nearly two miles wide, lying almost at the feet of the spectator, covered with shipping; to the right the Victoria Bridge, Nun's Island, the village of Laprairie, with the glittering steeple, the boiling rapids of Lachine, the blue hills of Vermont in the far oflF distance — to the left, the beautiful island of St. Helens, covered with trees clothed in the proud prosperity of loaves, the villages of St. Lambert and Longueuil, and the river studded with, islands, until its silver course is lost at the village of Verchercs. On the side of the square facing the Cathedral are the MonlreJii and City Banks. The former oue of the most imposing pub'o buildiiigs in the city ; it is built of cut limestone ; its style, modern Grecian. On the left hand of the square are the Merchants Bank, Ontario Bank, the Lrudon and Liverpool Insurance Company's office. The ■former is built of Ohio sandstone, the style is Italian ; the propor- tions are good. This row is a pretty piiicc of street architecture. On the right band side is a fine block called Muir's buildings — a very iu)-iX)sing edifice. The fnurtli story is occupied by the honorable fraternity of Freemasons, holding under the Canadian Heglster. The lodge room is 52 feet long by 34 feet wide, and is IG feet high. There are several anterooms. The interior of the lodge room is well farnis'/ied and decorated. Next to ih:.i hhoti is the British and American Express offices, and ihe Cosmopolitan Hotel, kept by Glanelli. The centre of the sqt^ara is laid out as a garden, with a fine fonntaln. 46 CniSIIOLM'S PANORAMIC GUIDE Adjoining the square is Great St. James Street, in whicli there are goine iiuo bnildings — The Post Office, a well proportioned building, and very con- veniently arranged. Opposite to it is the far famed hostelry, the St. Lawrence Hall, II. Hogan, proprietor. Passing down this side of the street the first building that arrests the attention is the Methodist Church, a very comnjodious and well arranged interior; it possesses one of the finest organs in the city. Just below is Nordheimer's Hall — the basement is occupied by Messrs. Gould and Hill, music instrument sellers. On the first floor is a music hall capable of holding a thousand people, it is well adapted for sound. At the end of the street is a large block occupied by the firm of Henry Morgan '*'• Co., dry goods merchants ; it occupies the site of the old American Presbyterian church, built in 1825-0. Nearly opposite this is the Ottawa hotel, kept by W. Browning. Passing on is a novel store front, the premises of Messrs. Prowso ; it is highly ornamc!ital and composed of zinc. Next is Molsons Bank, the most pretentious building iti Montreal ; it has two frontages or facades faced with Ohio sandstone. The shafts of the Doric columns of the portico and those of the Corinthian colunms on the Great St, James street front are of polished Peterhead granite. Turning down Peter street, past Molsons Bank upon the left, is a very handsome block, " Cavcrhill's Buildings " — these stores, without exception, are 'Ot surpassed by any thing in British North America. They are six stories in height, cut limestone. The front is an ela- borate composition In the Italian Palazzo style, bold and masf^ive in character. At the bottom of Peter street runs right and left St. Paul street, wherein are congregated nearly all the principal dry good and hardware stores. This street is a credit to the modern enterprise of Montreal. It is symbolic of the wealth of the city. The same remark will e(}ually apply to the stores in Lemoine and McGill streets. In short, the rapid growth of Montreal during the past seven years is scarcely wi*h a parallel in the history of even such civics as Ciiicago, New York, or Boston. It will now be simply a duty to point out the various places and things in the city or vicinity of Montreal worth seeing. Foremost is the Geological Museum, facing the Champ de Mars, , IT i FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 47 in Gabriel street ; this is an institution that Canada may well be proud of. It is under the direction of .hut abld gcoK').2:ist. Sir Wm, Logan, than whom this science has never baij one whose soul was more in his work, and whose ability was better able to direct the geological survey of so gi'cat a mineral country as Canada. The University of McGill College, with its museum, and that of the- Natural History Society, near the English Cathedral, are well worthy inspection. The tourist can gain information relative to the zoology and om-thology of Canada; and to those who are disciples of Isaac Walton, from the curator of the Natural History Society who can give any information regarding the fishing grounds. It has been remarked, '•' kit me see the resting place of the dead, and I will form an estimate of the living." Granting the premises, we can say, go to the ■Mount Royal Cemetery. It will compare favourably with the far-famed Pero la Chaise at Paris. The ceme- tery is passed in what is called " the drive round the two mountains" ; this is a favourite pastime with the inhabitants of Montreal, and a very delightful drive it is ; going by St. Lawrence street, there is a fine counti-y from Cote des Neiges across the island to the •■'Back River" or Ottawa, with its numerous hamlets, convents and churches; and for a pic-nic commend us to the Priests' Island, close to the old mill by the rapids, Sault au Recoilet, a delightful spot, and where, during the season, a good day's fishing is to be had. The drive out to Lachine, by the upper road, is a great favourite. Crossing over to the Indian village of Caughnawaga, and going off with the pilot, and shooting the rapids, ought not to be missed by the tourist who has not come from the West by steamboat. The piloting ia generally confined to the Indians, though why they should have more nerve than others wo caimot conj(>ciure; the task seems a peril- ous one, but it has been done so often without accident that the most timid need not be alarmed, though the t^teamer is carried away at the rate of nearly thirty miles an hour, apparently not und(!r command, as she plunges madly into the boiling rapid, where the breakers are hu'TC waves, and the spray is dashed somctimi^s over the funnel of the steamer. There is a keen eye and a steady hand at the wheel. This is an excitement that must bo realized ; 'J. fails in description. A day may be spent with pleasure at the little village of St. Annes, 48 otisholm's panoramic guile the place where Tom Moore composed his celebrated Canadian boat song, " Row, brothers, row, the rapids are near," &c. The journey can be made either by train to Lachine, thence per Prince of Wales steamer, and back by Grand Trunk Railway— or vice versa — the time of starting cither way being at the choice of the tourist. MONTIlBAt ANtt VICTOKIA BRIDGE. The Victoria Bridge ought to be visited ; on application to the engineer's office of the Grand Trunk Railway at Point St. Charles, a ticket can bo procured to pass throu^ a witer surface of over ninety thousand square f.3et, 2)6 feet abivo th3 harbnir, with a depth of 25 feet. The length is 623 feet, with a breadth of 173 feet, formed into two reservoirri by a division wall. The tw.i contain about fifteen million gallons. Total cost of acqueduct, machinery, pumping-main, and reservoirs about SI, 800,000. FiRR Alarm Tcleorapii was recently erected, and proved a thorough success. The chief office is in the City Hall, from which it has connections with upwards of G-1- boxes, the cliurchbeWs, several public clocks, the Observatory and Water Works near McGill College. LONGUEUIL is a small village on the south bank of the river, three miles below Montreal. It is important only as being the present terminus of the St. Lawrence and AtlaLtic Railroad. WILLIAM IIKNRY, or Sorel, is situated at the junction of the Richelieu, the outlet of Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence. It is forty-five miles below Montreal, and is the first stopping-place for steamers on their way to Quebec. The town is laid out in the form of a quadrangle, and contains a number of good buildings, the principal of which FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBKC. 51 aro the Roman Catholic and the English churches. The population 16 about 3000. LAKE ST. PETER'S is an expansion of the St. Lawrence, begimiing about five miles below Sorel, and extending in length twenty-five miles ; its greatest *5 M n c o K H H breadth is nine miles. It is quite shallow, except in a narrow chan- nel, which is now navigable for vessels of six hundred tons, and is in course of being impi-oved, so as to admit vessels of one thousand *«.»•■>■*• »tf)» J^^^ ^0^^^^^.% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) / W< ^> O <° «, .

of small FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUFBEC. 53 ill buildingr^., t\w bettf r class of which are painted white or whitewashcjd, with red roots. Prominent in the distance apj)ear the tile-covered CANADIAN HAHITANS. spires of the Catholic churches, which are all constructed in that unique style of architecture so peculiar to that church. CANAniAN FAKMHOUSE. The rafts of timber afford a highly interesting; feature on the CANADIAN I'RIKST. CANADIAN I'EASANT. river as the traveller passes along. On each a shed is built for th« 5* 54 chisiiolm's panoramic guide raftsmen, some of whom ri^ out their hiigv^, unwieldy craft with gay streamers, wliieh flutter from the tops of poles. Tims, when several of these rafts are gra[)i)led togetlier, forming, as it were, a floating island of timber lialf a mile wide and a mile long, the sight is ex- tremely picturesque ; and when the voices of these hardy sons of the forest and the stream join in some of their Canadian boat songs, the wild music, borne by the breeze along the water, has a charming effect. Myriads of these rafts may be seen h'ing in the coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the differ- CA.SA1.1A.N uoATMEN. cut parts of the world. QUEBEC, until ■ recently the capital of United Canada, is situated on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, in lat. 40 deg. 48 min. north, and long. 71 deg. 15 min. west, from Greenwich. It was founded by Charlevoix, in 1G08, on the site of an Indian village, called Stada- cona. It is the second city in British America, and has a population of more than 45,000. The form of the city is nearly that of a triangle, the plains of Abi-aham forming th«', base, and the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles the sides. It is divided into two parts, known as tlie Ipper and the Lower Towns. The Upper Town is strongly fortifKnl, and includes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond, which is known to be the most fortiiidable fortress in America. The Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land wlu<'h runs at the l>ase of the cape and of the high ground upon which the Ui)per Town stands, and the suburbs of St. Roch's and St. John's extend along tlie river St. Charles and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British and colonial forces in 1020, but restored to France in 1632 ; and was finally captured by Wolfe in 1759, and, together with all the French possessions in North America, was ceded to Great Britain at the peace of 1703. Quebec, including the city and subui1)s, contains 174 streets; among the jirincipal of whicli are the following: — St. John's Street, which extends from Fabrique Street to St. John's Gate, in the Upper FROM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. ito of brces m I'cts ; freet, )per H O d w w o i 50 chisholm's panoramic guide Town^ and is occupied chiefly by retail stores ; St. Louis Street is a hajid.-iome and well built street, extending from the Place d'Armes to the St. Louis Gate, and is occupied principally by lawyers' offices and pri^■ale dwellings ; D^AiUvetl Street fa(ies the Esplanade and the ground where the artillery are drilled, and is an elegant street, mQstly of private dwellings ; Grand Adlee, or Si. Louis Road, outside 8t. Louis Gate, and leading to the Plains of Abraham, is a pleasant and beautiful street, on which are many elegant villa residences ; Stj. Johiis Street, without, is also a line street, occupied by sho]>s and private dwellings. The principal street in the Lower Town is *SV. Pater s, on wliich, and on the Avharves and small streets wliich branch from it, most of the banks, insurance companies, and merchant's offices are situated. There are also several fine streets in the St. JohnV and St. Roch's suburbs. The appearance of these quarters of the city has been much improved since the great fires of 1845 ; tlie buildings that were then destroyed having been replaced by others of a very superior description. Durham Terrace, in the Upper Town, i,> a j)latforui conmianding a splendid view of the river and the Lower Town. It occupies the site of the old castle of St. Louis, which was burnt in 18-34, and was ei-ected by the nobleman whose name it bears. The PahJic Garden fronts on Des Currieres street, Upper Town, and contains an elegant monument, which was erected to the memory of Wolf and I\Iontcalni, in 1827. The lieight of this monument is 05 11 .'t; its design is chaste and beautiful, and no stranger should leave Quebec Avithout visiting it. The Place d'Armes is an open piece of ground, around whicli the old chateau of St. Louis, the government offices, the English cathe- dral, and the court house are situated. lite EspJanade is a beautiful piece of ground, situated between D'Autueil street and the ramparts. It is used as a drill ground by the Royal Artillery. The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most interesting ob- jects to visitors ; and those who are desirous of seeing it should make application to the town mayor, at the main guai'd-house, from whom tickets of admission can always l>e obtiiined by persons of respecta- FKOM NIAGARA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 57 billty. The area embraced within the fortifications of the citadel is more than forty acres. The line of fortitications, enclosing tlie citadel and the Upper Town, is nearly three miles in length, and the guns with which they are mounted are mostly thirty-two and forty-eight j>ounders. There ai*e five gates to the city, three of which, Prescott, Palace, and Hope gates, communicate with the Lower Town, and two of which, St. Louis' and St. John's gates, communicate with the suburbs of the same name. About three quarters of a mile from the city are four Martello Towers, fronting the Plains of Abraham, and intended to impede the advance of an enemy from that direction. CHURCHES. The Roman Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon the Upper Town market-pliun , is a large and commodious building, but with no great jiretensions to architect! n-e. The interior is handsomely fitted up, and has several fine paintings by th«i old masters, wliich are well worthy of an inspection. The church will seat 4000 persons. It has a good organ. St. Patrick's Church, on St. Helen street, Upper Town, is a neat and comfortable building, and is capable of seatuig about 3000 per- sons. St. Rock's Church, on St. Joseph and Church streets, in the St. Roch's suburbs, is a large and commodious building, and will seat over 4000 persons. There are several good paintings in this church. The Church of Notre Dame des Yictoires, on Notre Dame street, is one of the oldest buildings in the city. It has no pretensions to architectural beauty, but it is comfortably fitted up, and will seat over :^000 persons. PTIOTESTANT CIIITRCHES. The English Cathedral is situated between Garden street, St. Ann sti-eet, and the Place d'Armes, Ui)per Town, and is a handsome edifice, Vd') by 75 fiini^ and will seat between 3000 and 4000 per- sons. This cburch, which was erected in 1804, has a good organ, and is neatly fitted up in the interior. Trinity Church, situated on St. Nicholas street, Upper Town, is 58 CHI8H0LM S PANORAMIC GUIDE a neat cut stone building, erected in 1824. It is 74 by 48 feet, and the interior is handsomely fitted a]). Sf. Peter's Chapel is situated on St. Vallier street, St. Roch's, and is a neat plain structure, which will seat about 500 persons. Sf. Paufs, or T/ie Manner's Chapel, is a small building near Dia- mond Harbor, designed princi[)ally tor seamen. St. Andrew's Church, in coruK^ctioft with the Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann's street. Upper Town. The interior is well fitted up, and will seat over 1200 i)ersons. St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on St. Francis street. Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and will seat about 600 persous. 2^he Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus street, is a handsome Gothic building, erected in 1850. The interior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will seat over 1000 persons. The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Artignj street, and is a plain but substantial edifice.^ llie Congregational ChurcJt, on Palace street, tapper Town, is a neat building of cut stone, erected in 1841, and will seat about 800 persons. The Baptist Church, on St. Ann street. Upper Town, is a neat stone building, and will seat over 400 persons. The other principal public buildings \/orthy of notice are : — The Hotel lyieu, Hospital and Church, which front on Palace street, Upper Town, and, connected with the cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the Hospital has beds for about sixty sick. The General Hospital is situated on the river St. Charles, in the ^t. l-Jooh's ward. The Hospital, Convent, and Church are a hand- some (piadrangular pile of stone buildings, wadl adapted to th(3 pur- pose for which they are designed. The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street, Upper Town, was founded in 1041. A number of fine paintings are to be seen here, and application for admission should be made to tlie Lady Su- perior. The University of Quebec fronts on Hope street and the Market- place, Upper Town. The buildings, which are of massive gray FROM NIAOAUA FALLS TO QUEBEC. 59 stone, form three sides of u quadranglcjaiid have a fine garden in the rear. The Court House and the Cit7/ Hall are substantial stone build- ings, situated on St. Louis street, and well adapted to their respeetive purposes. The Jail is situated at the eorner of St. Ann and St. Sttuii.slaus streets. Upper Town, and is a massive stone building, and cost about £6(),0(M). It is in a healthy location, and well adapted to the pur- pose for which it was designed. The Jesuit Jiarracks fiont on the Upper Town niarket-})luce and St. Ann street. They have accommodations for about ItJOO men. A battalion of infantry is usually quartered here. The Marine Hospital, situated on the river St. Charles, in the St. Iloch's ward, is intended for the use of sailors and emigrants, and is a beautiful stone building of four stories. It was erected at a cost of £1 0,000, and will accommodate about 400 patients. J'he lAinatic Asylum is situated at Beauport, two and a half miles from Quebec, and is an extensive building, enclosed in a jiark of about 200 acres. The Quebec Music Hall is a handsome cut stone edifice, recently erected, situated on St. Louis street. Upper Town. The Quehec and Richmond liailroad, connecting the city of Quebec with th».' Montreal and Portland Railroad. A distance of J 00 miles is now completed, not only to point Levi, opposite to Quebec, but it is extended to St. Thomas, a distance of twenty miles below Point Levi. Among the notabilities of Quebec and its vicinity, is the spot where General Montgomery fell, which is on the road from Cham- plai.i street to Diamond Harbor, and is pointed out by a board affixed to th(^ cliff above it. The Plains of Abraham, a little to the west of the city, where the celebrated battle was fougiit between the Bi'itish forces, under General Wolfe, and the French forces, under General Montcalm, should be visited by every traveller. A monument, erected on the spot wh<>re General Wolfe fell, points out the place where the hottest part of the action occurred. Spencer Wood, the former residence of the governor-general, about a mile further west, is an elegant country house. no CniSIIOLM S rAXOUAMIC GUIDE II0TE1\S. HusselPs Hotel, Palace street, U])j)cr Town, is an excellent estab- lisliment. Mr. Kussell spares no pains in promoting the eomtbit of liis guest!*, and his house atlbrds every acconnuodation that the most iiistidious can desire. There are also several other excellent h hises in the city. The situation of Quebec, and the scenery all around it, are, at every turn, most beautiful arul picturesque. Tna mountains are toh'rably high, and ))resent a line app»'arance in the distance. There is a very noble view from the citadel, which, as bus been before remarked, is the strongest post in America; and, indeed, next to Gibraltar, Quebec is the strongest fortitied place iti the wtirld. The view from the citadel is connectetl with as-^ociations of the most in- te"esting (;haracter. Here may be seen the Plains of ;\bi-aham, wuere, after his bold ascent of the almost impassable heights from the river, Wolfe appeared in arms at morning dawn, and wlii're Mont- calm, with ecjual courage and gallantry, came out to meet him, though not com})elIed to do so, and where both heroes fell in the sanguinary struggle of that day, — each a bitter loss to his country, each a living name in the annals of their military glory, and both a brllliajit evi- dence of French and British valor. The memorial of nuitnal valor here erected is at least an instance of generosity in rivals, which it is i)leasant to contemj)lat(i. If anytliing could detract from the hor- rors of war, it would be instances like this. The city of Quebec is one which it is impossible to a])[)roach without pleasure, and to leave without regret. Every locality con- nected witli the place is fraught witli interest to the traveller. As the limits of this work permit only general description, visitors will do well to avail themselves of the small city guides, which they can find at the principal hotels. THE FALLS OF MONTMORENCL In taking our departure from Quebec, and on our v,i\y down the river, we pass this celebrated cascade. These falls, which are situ- ated in a beautiful nook of the river, are higher than those of Niag- ara, being more than two hundred and fifty feet ; but they are very narrow, being only some fifty feet wide. This place is a very celc- I'KOil NIAGAIU FALLS TO QULDEC. ei t esta1>- itoit of Hi most are, at diH are There I before next to 1. The most in- hrahum, Its from 'e IVIoiit- 1, though ifTuinary a livhig iant evi- lal valor ivliich it the hor- |]tproacn itv eon- tors wi 11 hey can )wn the ire situ- |)f ISiag- |iro veiy r celc- 62 CniSHOLM's rANOKAMIC GUIDE bmtcd focus of wint(!r amusements. During the frost, the spray from the fulls accumulates to such an extent as to form a cone of some eighty fert high. There is also u second cone of inferior alti- tu(h', and it is this of which visitors jnake the most use, a.s being less dang(^rous than the hlglierone. They carry "tohoggins," — long, thin pieces of wood, — and having arrive<)t in sleighs, taking their wine and provisions with them ; and upon the pure, white cloth, which nature has spread out i()r them, they partake of their dainty repast, and enjuy a most agreeable jncnic. One does not feel in the least cold, as the exercise so thoroughly warms and invigorates the system. The distance of these falls from (Quebec is eight miles. -^ THE ciiaudierp: falls, on the river Chaudiere, nine miles below Quebec, are also a favor- ite resort, ard are very beautiful and romantic. The river here is about four hundred feet wide, and the height of the falls is one hun- dred and thirty feet. THE ISLAND OF ORLEANS, situated in the river St. Lawrence, immediately below Quebec, is nineteen miles long by five and a half miles wide, and, lik(^ the Island of Montreal, is superior in fertility to the main land adjacent to it. Its present population is about six thousand. THE FALLS OF ST. ANNE are situated on the river of the same name, on the north side of the St. Lawrence, twenty-four miles below (Quebec, and j)resent a vari- ety of wild and beautiful scenery, both in themselves and their inmiediate neighborhood. LAKE ST. CHARLES, thirteen miles north of Quebec, is a favorite resort of tourists, par- ■j FBOM NIAGARA FALLS TO (ilLBEC. 63 ticularly of those who are fond of angling, as the lake abounds in fine trout. grossp: isle is situated thirty mil<-8 below Quebec. Here is the Quarantine Station, — a sorrowful i)lace everywhere; but there is an unusually melancholy interest attached (o this one, from the fact that no less than six thousand Irish emij:p-nnts were buried in one grave during the t(;rrible year of famine in that country. A})art f;om those sad- dening recollections, the island is a fair and agreeable spot, and its scenery is very beautiful. Below tins island the river becomes wider and wider, and we soon lose sight of land altogether. MALBAIp; ninety miles below Quebec, on the north shore, is a large village, where many of the peoplvi of Quebec resort for sea bathing. KAMOURASKA, on the south shore, ninety miles below Quebec, is also a thriving village, very ph;asantly situated, and resorted to as a bathing place. RIVIERE DIT LOUP, en bas, is situated on the south shore, one hundred and fourteen miles below Quebec, and is a rising village, much frequented for sea bathing. THE RIVER SAGUENAY falls into the St. Lawrence from the north, nt a distance of one hundred and forty miles below Quebec. This noble river takes its rise in Lake St. John, and has a total h>ngth of one hundred and twenty-six miles, till it falls into the St. Lawrence. It is navigable for large vessels sixty miles, and at Ha Ha Bay, fifty miles from its mouth, the largest fleet of men-of-war would find a safe and spacious anchorage. The river is very deej), and at its mouth a line of three hundred and thirty fathoms was thrown without finding the bottom ; and at the distance of sixty miles from the St. Lawrence, its aver- age depth is from fifty to sixty fatlioms. The shores of this river 64 chi^jHolm s panoramic guide present some of the grandest and most striking scenery in the world, rising from the water almost perpendicularly to a height of from one thousand to fifteen hundred feet; and in many places a ship of the* line might run close to the rocks which overhang it. TADOOSAC HARBOR is situated on the northeast side of the river, at its mouth. It is a port of the Hudson's Bay Company, who have a resident and a considerable establishment here. TETE DU BULE is a remarka1)le round mountain, on the north shore, three miles above Tudoosac. A few iniles farther up are two hills known as the Tavo Profiles, from the strong resemblance which they bear to the human face. ST. JOH.N^^S BAY, twenty-eight miles above Tadoosac, on the south shore, and the mouth of Mackenzie's River on the north shore, are places which contain large lumbering establishments. ETERNITY TOIXT AND CAPE TRINITY, on the south sliore, six miles al)ove St. John's Bay, are two immense masses of rock, rising from the water's e«lge to a height of about fifteen hundred feet, and affording a prospect of solemn and impos- ing grandeur. Statui-: Point conu-^s next in succession, and then the Tahlkau. This is a perpendicular rock rising to the height of nine himdred feet. The scenery continues very beautiful on to ILv Ha Bay. which is nine miles in length, and six miles in width, and nflbrds good anchorage for the largest vessels, the average depth being from twenty to thirty-five fat horns.- CHICOUTIRNI is situated sixty-eight mih.s above Tadoosac. The Hudson's Bay Company liave a post here, and there is a Roman Catliolic Church, erected by the Jesuits in 1727. H 4 CAISTADA. GEOGRAPHICAL, POLITICAL, AND STATISTICAL, &c. mm The Province of Canada, in 1791, or as it was then terrac 1 : The Province of Quebec, by the terms of the Act of 31 Geo. ITT, chap. 31, was divided into the two Governments of Upper and Lower Canada, with representative institutions for each; tlic Lower Province was under a Governor, whilst the Upper was under a Lieutenant- Governor. This Constitution was suspended in consequence of the rebellion in Upper Canada in 1838, and a Special Council appointed. In 1840 the two Provinces were re-united— by an Ac. 3rd and 4th Viotora, chapter 3G— and the Legislative Councils of the United Pro- vinces were consolidated. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick were -united with Canadr. under the title of the Dominion of Canada, by an Act of Parliament passed on March 29, 1807. The population of United Canada in the year 1800, was estimated at 240,000; in 1825 it amounted to 581,920; and in 1857 to 1,842,205. The population of the Dominion of Canada, according to the census taken in the year 1861, was 3,090,501. Upper Canada 1,.39G,091 Lower Canada 1,111,500 Nova Scotia 330,857 New Brunswick 252 047 Total 3,090,501. The estimated population amounted, in January 1807, to 3,81 1,000. The number of members of each of the great branches of Religious Denominations, Roman Catholic and Protestant, (including the An- glican Cliurch ai ' Dissenters,) according to the census of 1861, was as follows : — ee cnisnoLM's panouamic guide Upper Canada, now the Province of Ontario, ■ Lower Canada, now the Province of Quebec, ) !. Upper Canada — Roman Catholics, 258,141 ; Protestants, 1,135,950. Lower Canada — Roman Catholics, 943,253; Protestants, 268,313. Giving a total of Roman Catholics, 1,201,394; Protestants, 1,404,263. The population of the principal cities in the Dominion of Canada, was by the census of 1861 — f Toronto.... 44,821 Hamilton 19,096 Kingston 13,743 Ottawa 14,096 London , 11,555 Montreal 90,323 "'' ^Quebec 51,109 N»va Scotia Halifax 25,026 New Brunswick St. John 27,317 According to estimates of the year 1867, British North America (extending from the Pacific to the Atlantic) had a population of nearly 4,250,000, giving on a territory of 619,362 English square miles, not quite seven individuals to the square mile. It Tnay be interesting to tourists to state the mean temperature during the months of travel, when the navigation is open from the Lakes to the Ocean. In Juno it is 64° Fahrenheit. In July it is 68«. In August it is 65". In September 58°. The mean of the above four months being 04^, and the mean of the whole year being 42°. . ..HiSMBii'W''*^ i Visit A. J. PELL'S GALLERY of ART, Mo NXrrin: DAMK STJIEKT. |l mm MONTREAL. M. MOO^^IN, ]r*l'0pl*i€3t01'. This Fiijit-Cliiss Hotel ( tlic largest in Motitreal) is situated (in » s^ 1 TRUNKS, VALISES, LEATHER BAGS, LADIES' SATCHELS. SB4 ^, :||S^«OT'i^l5: mMME STMMIT' WW¥i!M^i KEPAIRS PROMPTLY EXECUTED. KSFAHLISHFD IS IS. jrjE3^CV"3e3IjiX4iJE53El.Tr, 1;7V^uA.T03E3:E3S. SAVAGE, LYMAN & CO., Have the largest and l)est aHHortmciit oi" Fink VVatcuks, J kwei.i.kky, Silver and Elkctuo Plated Wake in the Dominion ; Also, Flue Fre«i<-li iMaiUh' hikI « arriaji* *; Leallit«r Tru veUiua; BatiM; hikI l>re«!>>iiii>- <'aiNie»« lor l> itiid 4««'iillriii<>ii ; \evy niU|M>rior Toii>-!«<>tfH' ITIariiK' aiidO|>(>ra c;iai«!i«e!>i ; a lull an- ««t>riiiiriil aiKl a larg^c Klork of Fancy <»oo(l**. SAVAGE, LYMAN k CO., 271 Notre .Dame iSfn'et. THEODORE LYMAN. CHAS W; HAGAR. HENRY BIRKS, ...J* FvrvB. 1842. CONFECTIONERY, Estab. ,842. 891 ISrOTRE X)A.ME STREKT, MONTBEAL. CHAS. ALEXANDER & SON, mruii'j %x iiL/iiiiu \j\n\ ^lwrcilat.1? iExmm §xm^ ^^m^ €-xnm, ^S^n-hm^, LOZENGES, ETC. LUNCHEON of Cold Meat, Tea and Cortec, kc Cream, Soda Water Crom the Fountain, etc. CHAS. ALEXANDER & SON, 391 Notre Dame Street, Montreal. ROBERT WEIR & CO., WMiLESILE STATIiMEiS AND BLANK TJ(70K MANlIFACTriREKS. ¥ ■;t TVo. lOO Cjrl-Oflt 5*41. •Jfliii^H ^Sli-oot, FOUR POORS FROM THE OTTAWA HOTEL, MONTREAL. FASHIONABLE Dry Goods i Establishment, !:.sTAijr,i»nKi> 1S28. MERRICK & BROS., Toronto-The A. T STEWARTS of Canada. As their (;oo*ls jire sclocted in tlio Kiiron<»nii Arr..i < "- " " — '" "■<> «' '-"- «.r;;;.r;;::;;:,;;;;:T:f,x:;:.l "'-■ w<. W)» wm^wwMi BANKER and EXCHANGE BROKER, No. 6 Great St. James Street, (ori'.isiTK I A ]!A.\(/tM-: in I'lai-Mo), K!@!|NjfKg^!L„ f'ritm a Ur in , '^":'"'-'"^^" '^^'"^"y- K^clmngo on tho IT. S. and Great Katt<«.-c-o)»Cfions nii((l<- on UrKisi. XortJi Anioricn 1> um' VMLldli' «Oi c* WAREHOUSE: No. 161 McGiU, corner Lemoine Street, MOMirSlgAi., «. HTIIVJ>KJRY IN > VIEWS, every PLACE of TNTRREST to the TOURIST. BRANCH ESTABLISHMENT AT OTTAWA. aMi8L^i:j^feigJfJv' if a liitj , T.- i5KF^'i1^^'ff;T5tva^<)?l&tf!tag't;i^l;agtJ(>^ £^*ttji^ Mpurning Goods, Silks, Parasolf, Millinery aOd Shawls frota evervja Europe ; Particalar attention iftalso gfven to the jfantle Depaiftmenfe >■ under. the control of highly competent and cxperiftiief^ ladies who e§^ oustcjtmers with the latest style, Ready-made, or get them up at mt% notice. The most iraiortani, however, is the Cloth Departfoeat, on whi* attention is bestowf^and in connection with it, a Tailori»(!f Bstabl|;» where i^ntlemea wMeare their nieasiBre maj be assured of a perf^t very short time. The Third flat cooti^os the leserve stock of the variolw branjs^bes ni and is intended forthe wholesale trade, where the Town M^ccbac' many things not to l>^ obtained elsewhere, » The Fourth fliftt is fitted np for manufectnrioF purposes, and the ' skllftil handii |# constanli^employed in malcfng Mantles, Bonoel _ Everjr atfi$lfe ia eatefi^f^ected by a member of thefiriftv I^repeaa mal^ts t#i#*a*t4%*nd transuaitrtiie latest and chi .f^tfeatcoutineitt. , . . / %;-:/^-- ' ■ •- '^v -- -'' Plenty of polite a&d expel^ced salesmen are ever jfeadyio iranif of the crtstomera at this extensive establisb?^etot. 7*^ "166, 167, 169, 1*1, les, Ol^t St. JftOM^ CVlV*k ■X-'