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HOW AND BY WHOM 
 
 LETTERS PATENT CAN BE SECURED, 
 
 FOB 
 
 AMERICAN, FOREIGN, AND OTHER INVENTORS, 
 
 IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA; 
 
 ALSO 
 
 A SYNOPSIS OF PATENT LAWS 
 
 OF ALL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD, 
 
 WITH THE COST OF OBTAINING PATENTS, &o., &o. 
 
 CHARLES LBGGB AND COMPANY, 
 
 Civil Engineers and Solicitors qf Patents, 
 ' No. 48 Great St. Jambs Stbbet, Montbbal. 
 
 ►♦-♦- ♦< 
 
 PotttreHt : 
 
 PRINTED BY JOHN LOVELL, OT. NICHOLAS STREET. 
 
 1868. 
 
I 
 
 A 
 
HOW AOT) BY WHOM 
 
 LETTERS PATENT CAN BE SECURED, 
 
 FOR 
 
 AMEBICAN, FOREIGN, AND OTHER INVENTORS, 
 
 IN THE DOMINION OF CANADA; 
 
 iXSO 
 
 A SYNOPSIS OF PATENT LAWS 
 
 OF ALL COUITTBIES IN THE WOBLD, 
 
 4 
 
 WITH THE COST OF OBTAINING PATENTS, Ac, Ac. 
 
 BT 
 
 CHARLES LEGGE AND COMPANY, 
 
 OivU Engineers ind Solicitors qf PcUents, 
 No. 48 Great St. Jambs Strbet, Momtrial. 
 
 ► ♦ "♦■■♦4 
 
 PKINTED BY JOHN LOVELI^ ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 
 
 1868. 
 

 1 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 
 1 
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 I 
 
ROYAL CANADIAN 
 
 AMD 
 
 FOREIGN PATENT AGENCY OFFICES, 
 
 ESTABLISHED IN 1860. 
 
 Hjbad Office : — 48 Great St. James St., Montreal, Dominion of Canada, 
 with Branch Offices in the capitals of all Foreign Countries. 
 
 48 Great St. James Street, 
 
 Montreal, June, 1868. 
 
 Sir, — On the first of January, 1867, we issued a circular, ^v- 
 ing directions with reference to the steps which in our opinion 
 ehould be taken by foreign inventors, in order to eventually secure 
 their inventions or discoveries in the Donodnion of Canada, prior to 
 the passage of a general Patent Law, applicable to the whole 
 Dominion, in the event of the provisions of that law being adverse 
 to foreigners. 
 
 We stated that, prior to the date of Confederation of the Pro- 
 vinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, under the 
 Dominion Act, which came in force the 1st day of July, 1867, and 
 which would eventually include Prince Edward Island, Newfound- 
 land, and the Provinces on the Pacific coast, each of these Pro- 
 vinces was in possession of a distin<jt Patent Law, differing in 
 many respects irom each other : that these various laws would, 
 under the new •onstitution, continue in force in each respective 
 Province up to the period of the passage of a general Patent Law 
 by the Dominion Parliament, which would abrogate the local laws 
 
 5S078 
 
and be substituted therefor ; — that any patent previously granted" 
 in any one Province would be confirmed, and in our opinion be 
 extended over the entire Dominion, for the unexpired portion of 
 the period it had to run : the functions of the^general Government, 
 as determined by the constitution, enabling it only to legislate or 
 act for the whole Dominion, and not for a portion or part, inde- 
 pendently of the remainder ; in this respect bearing a resemblance 
 to the United States, composed of a number of independent States, 
 analogous to our Provinces, each with a separate State Government, 
 but all presided over by one federal Government, in whose hands 
 is specially placed the granting of letters patent for inventions, and 
 which, when granted, re-issued or renewed, necessarily cover 
 the entire union ; in fact, it being impossible for the federal 
 Government to issue a patent or legislate on one which would have 
 effect in or cover only a limited number of States. We have always 
 been of the opinion that a similar result would follow in the Domi- 
 nion of Canada in relation to the unexpired periods of patents of 
 invention, the moment they come under the provisions of the 
 general law. 
 
 In the pamphlet referred to we stated a few facts with reference 
 to the existing local patent laws of the different Provinces, and will 
 now repeat the same. 
 
 Ist. In the two Provinces of Ontario and Quebec (heretofore 
 jointly known as the Province of Canada), letters patent are only 
 granted to British subjects, who must also be residents in either of 
 the Provmces aforesaid, and at the same time be the inventors or 
 discoverers of the article for which a patent is sought. To the 
 above requirements there is but one exception, as follows : — ^Any 
 British subject being a resident in either of the Provmces, who, 
 during his or her travels in any foreign country (Great Britain and 
 the United States excepted) may become acquainted with any inven- 
 tion not known or in use in the two Provinces, may obtain a patent 
 for the same, as the first introducer of the invention or discovery 
 into the Provinces, which patent will have the same effect as if the 
 applicant were the actual inventor. In Nova Scotia the applicant 
 must have resuded one year in that Province previous to making 
 the application, but need not necessarily be a British subject. To 
 this law of residence there is one exception, as follows : — ^Natives 
 
mt 
 
 tind residents of other countries or provinces may obtain patents 
 for any invention or discovery founded on the application of the 
 principles of cb mistry or of scientific secrets to any art or industry 
 relating to the amalgamation, separation and production of gold 
 from gold-bearing quartz or other substances, provided the ap« 
 plicants shall be the inventors or discoverers. From applicants 
 of this class, however, a larger fee is demanded by the Govern- 
 ment than from resident applicants. In the Province of New 
 Brunswick the existing patent law is a very liberal one. Patents 
 are granted to all foreign inventors on the same terms as those to its 
 own subjects ; in this manner obtaining reciprocity with the United 
 States. The charge in the latter country for patents granted to 
 subjects of New Brunswick is the reduced fee of $35, in place of 
 the large fee of $500, demanded from subjects of the Provinces of 
 ;Ontario, Quebec, &c., in return for their illiberality in refusing 
 patents to American citizens on any terms. Wc have accordingly 
 recommended foreign inventors to secure their patents in New 
 Brunswick before the passage of the new general law. The paten- 
 tees would in this manner, so to speak, have secured a foothold in 
 the Dominion, with a good chance of the patent being extended 
 over the entire Dominion when the proper time arrived. This 
 ■course was more particularly recommended in the event of the new 
 law being adverse to the granting of patents to foreigners, either 
 with or without a residence in the Dominion, since after the New 
 Brunswick liberal law has been abrogated, which in such casQ 
 would exclude the foreign applicant from that Province ; the 
 foreigner having obtained his patent in New Brunswick, under 
 the existing law, would, eyen in the extreme case of non-extension 
 under the new law, preserve his right unimpaired to that large 
 Province and important section of the Dominion. We have during 
 the past two years earnestly advocated a liberal patent law, reci- 
 procating with Great Britain, the United States, and other foreign 
 •countries, so as in this manner to obtain the great boon to Canadian 
 inventors of patents in the United States, with its population of 
 37,000,000 of people, as a market, at a cost of $35, in place of 
 the discriminating fee of $500, now demanded, a sum which but 
 few of our Canadian inventors can afford to pay. That the Domi- 
 nion legislature will eventually frame the patent law with a view of 
 
6 
 
 Becuring this gi'eat advantage to Canadian inventors we have no doubt^ 
 although wo fear some years must elapse before it is accomplished. 
 The bill introduced into Parliament during the laet session bj tho 
 general Government was, to a certain extent, a stop in the right 
 direction, but, unfortunately, not sufficiently so to obtain recipro- 
 city with the United States. In the bill submitted, the necessity 
 of being a British subject was dispensed with, but a residence in 
 the Dominion for one year immediately prior to making the appli- 
 cation was required. This clause was assented to by both Houses 
 of Parliament, although a large number of members were in 
 favour of non-residence being substituted. The bill, moreover, had 
 a clause, confining each patent, for its unexpired period, to the 
 province for which it was originally granted. This objectionable 
 clause was struck out of the bill in the Senate, and a second 
 substituted, extending existing patents, which had been previously 
 granted in any one province, over the entire Dominion. Tho 
 Government ihen withdrew their bill from the Senate, with the 
 excuse that they could liot accept the responsibility of the altera- 
 tion. 
 
 With some slight alterations in the original bill it was afterwards 
 introduced into the House of Commons, near the end of the ses- 
 sion, when but few members were present, and carried hurriedly 
 and surreptitiously through the three readings, retaining the objec 
 tionable clause of non-extension. On sending it up to the Senate, 
 to pass it through that branch of the Legislature, the senators 
 recognised their old friend of the week before, in substantially the 
 same form in which it had previously been presented to them. The 
 Senate very justly refused to receive the bill which they had 
 before rejected, on account of the objectionable clause of " non- 
 extension of patents." The illiberal bill was therefore the second 
 time withdrawn, and has consequently fallen through. 
 
 At the next session of ParUament, during the early part of the 
 coming year, another Patent Bill must be introduced, with a full 
 House of Commons and determined Senate. The probability is that 
 the Government will not again risk defeat by endeavouring to insist 
 on the objectionable clause, and that the clause extending the Patents^ 
 as passed by the Senate, will ultimately become law. This being^ 
 the case, your New Brunswick patent, if previously obtained, will at 
 
once coyer the Dominion, ^rithout reference to the stipulation of a 
 residence in the country for a period of one year prior to making 
 the application for a Dominion Patent, which ml}, afler the new 
 Act is passed, become necessary. 
 
 We give the foregoing reasons for advising foreign inventors to 
 secure, at once, their patents in New Brunswick — you will now de- 
 termine as to the value of these suggestions and the risk you run 
 of " non-extension " over the Dominion, but with a certainty of re- 
 taining that Province, one of the most important of the group — 
 should you decide on proceeding with your application under the 
 existing liberal law of New Brunswick. Full instructions will be 
 fuund further on. 
 
 In Newfoundland, patents are also granted to all foreign inventors 
 applying for the same, on the same terms as to residents. But as 
 this Island does not yet form part of the Confederation, it will not 
 come under our new law, until a union is eflFected, which may not 
 take place for some years. We will now proceed to give instruc- 
 tions to enable parties, duly qualified under the existing local laws, 
 to obtain patents in the respective Provinces, with such additional 
 information as may be of interest. 
 
 1st. Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. (Formerly Province of 
 Canada.} The applicant must be a resident, in either of the Pro- 
 vinces, a British subject, and the inventor. Term of Patent four- 
 teen years, renewable at the option of the Government, for an 
 additional period of seven years, assignable either in whole or in 
 part. A small, neatly-constructed model is required for depositing in 
 the Patent office, which should not exceed twelve inches in any one 
 direction ; the material may be either of wood or metal, or of both 
 combmed, and so arranged as to admit of any internal part being 
 easily seen. It should also be painted or varnished. If the discovery is 
 of a chemical nature, samples of each ingredient, with names marked 
 thereon, in sufficient quantities to make an experiment, and also a 
 sample of the compound itself, are required. In case of the death of 
 the inventor the application may be made by his legal representa- 
 tives, and the patent issue to them. Patents may issue to the 
 assignees of inventors, the necessary assignments and applications 
 having first been executed and enregistered at the Patent office. 
 
 When the invention or discovery results from the combined 
 
8 
 
 operations of two or more persons, the application for the patent 
 requires to be in their joint names. 
 
 The article manufactured under the patent must be stamped as 
 patented, with date of same, under a penalty. Persons stamping 
 articles as patented, when no patent has been granted, with inten- 
 tion of deceiving the public, are also liable to a penalty. No time 
 is fixed in which to commence manufacturing after patent is 
 panted : patentees may either manufacture or not, as they please. 
 
 The cost of a patent in these two Provinces ranges from fifty to 
 one hundred dollars, according to the amount of labour involved, 
 and includes solicitors' and Government fees. In the great majority 
 of cases, the fee will be fifty dollars, but special arrangements as to 
 charges may be made in difficult cases, prior to the work being un- 
 dertaken. In order to enable us to prepare the necessary papers, 
 including duplicate drawings and specifications, send the model or 
 samples by express, prepaid, notifying us at the same time by post, 
 and enclosing the express receipt, with a draft payable to our order 
 in Montreal, for twenty-five dollars, or if in bank notes, in an en- 
 registered letter. 
 
 At the same time send a full written description clearly explain- 
 ing each part and its mode of action, stating finally what you claim 
 , as your improvement or invention, and wish secured by the letters 
 patent. This description may also be illustrated by rough sketches, 
 shewing th'^ various parts of the invention, if a machine, and refer- 
 ring and connecting the same with the description by letters of re- 
 ference, thus a is the cylinder of the engine ; ft, the piston head ; 
 c, the packing ; d, the steam chest, &c., &c., marking each distinct 
 part in the sketch with its appropriate letter. On the receipt of 
 this, a written bond signed by our firm, is returned to the inventor, 
 stating that he has placed the invention in our hands with the view 
 of obtaining Her MajeBty^s Itoyal Letters Patent, for the same, in 
 the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and binding ourselves to pre- 
 pare and prosecute the application on his behalf, with all due dili- 
 gence and secrecy, and to hand over the Letters Patent, imme- 
 diately on being obtained, to the Patentee ; also, to obtain letters 
 patent for the same invention, in no other country, except at the 
 instance of, and under instructions to be received from the inven- 
 tor, or from his legal representation. 
 
9 
 
 The preparation of the papers, dr&wings, &;c., for the application, 
 is then pushed on with all possible speed, and when corjpleted, these 
 are forwarded, accompanied by a letter of instructions to our client, for 
 his examination and signature. This being accomplished, the papers 
 are returned to us, with a draft for the balance of the fee, which 
 will usually amount to twenty-five dollars, as before stated. Where 
 numerous and elaborate drawings, with lengthy specifications, are 
 required, involving much extra work, the final payment will exceed 
 twenty-five dollars, but our charges in all cases will be moderate, 
 in proportion to the amount of work performed, and made satisfac- 
 tory to our clients, with the view of obtaining additional business. 
 
 On the receipt of the papers properly executed, they will be im- 
 mediately forwarded to the Patent office at Ottawa, and the appli- 
 cation pressed on with all convenient speed : when thv^ parchment 
 is completed it will at once be forwarded to our clients. The exist- 
 ing law does not permit the fyling of caveats. Assignments for 
 whole or partial rights are drav/n up in the most approved manner, 
 and to be legal, should be enregistered at the Patent office^ within 
 two months of their dates of execution. Our charge for preparing 
 assignments and enregistering the same, is five dollars. 
 
 Trade marks, labels and designs are also drawn up and enregis- 
 tered at a cost of from fifteen to twenty dollars each, 
 
 Ifew Brunswick. — In this Province Letters Patent are granted 
 to any inventor or discoverer, irrespective of nationality or resi- 
 dence, for a term of fourteen years. The article must be manufac- 
 tured or introduced into the Province within three years of the 
 date of the patent, or it becomes void. The Lieutenant-Governor 
 has, however, the power of granting a further time, not to exceed 
 three years additional, during which to introduce the invention. 
 The application requires to be made by the inventor, or in case of 
 Lis death, by his executor, for the benefit of his estate. Patents 
 may issue to any assignee in New Brunswick upon a proper assign- 
 ment thereof: when an inventor has obtainea in any country a 
 patent for his invention, and a patent is granted in this Province 
 for the same discovery, the last patent shall expire with the first. 
 
 When any person shall improve upon any invention, he shall 
 obtain no right to the original invention ; neither has the original 
 inventor any right to the improvement. 
 
10 
 
 All patents are assignable in whole or in part ; and all assign- 
 ments must be duly recorded in the proper office within three monthft 
 from date of execution. 
 
 If a patentee, without fraud, claim for any material part which 
 he has not invented, his patent shall be valid for so much as is 
 really his own, if it is distinguishable from the part patented with- 
 out a right. In such a case, a disclaimer must be fyled in the pro- 
 per office, and will form part of the original specification. If a 
 patentee make an improvement, he can have a description of the 
 same annexed to his original specification by the payment of a fee. 
 The proper officer will, in such case, certify the time of annexing, 
 which will have the same effect as issoing an original patent. 
 
 Patents may issue for a term not exceeding seven years for any 
 original design of art or ornament, or for a manufacture, or the 
 printing of any material. 
 
 Patents granted in England subsequent to 3rd May, 1853, and 
 extending to the colonies, are of no force here, until copies of ori- 
 ginal specifications and drawings are fyled, and duplicates of models 
 are lodged in the proper office. (This provision is virtually inope- 
 rative, as the Commissioner of Patents in England has for some 
 time past refused to extend the grants to those colonies havmg 
 legislatures.) Such Commissioner has the power to extend 
 EngUsh patents to the colonies, under the authority of an imperial 
 enactment, 15 and 16 Victoria, c. 83, sec. 18. We are not aware, 
 however, that this power has ever been exercised so far as New 
 Brunswick is concerned. Copies of all documents fyled in the 
 Patent Office, properly certified, shall be evidence in all courts, 
 and any person may obtain a copy of any such document, on pay- 
 ment of fees. 
 
 If any person shall in any way infringe on the right of any 
 patentee, he shall forfeit three times the actual damage occasioned 
 by such offence, to be recovered with costs in the Supreme Court. 
 
 The law provides for the disposal of an application for a patent, 
 when it apparently interferes with another application then pend- 
 ing. The proceedings in such cases are complicated, dilatory, and 
 expensive, and it is not likely they will often be resorted to. 
 
 Any person making a discovery or invention, and desiring fur- 
 ther time io mature the same, may fyle a caveat^ setting forth the 
 
 . 
 
11 
 
 purpose, principle, and distingiushing characteristics of the discovery 
 or invention praying that his rights may be protected. The caveat 
 shall be fyled in the Patent Office, preserved in secrecy, and be in 
 force one year. If application be made within the year by any person 
 for a patent, which apparently will mterfere \nih. the rights of the 
 party fyling the caveat, the proper officer sha'l deposit the descrip- 
 tion, specification, and drawings of the applicant in his office, pre- 
 serving secrecy, and give notice of th;^ application by mail or other- 
 wise, to the person fyling the caveat, who. within three months after 
 receiving such notice, shall fyle his description, specifications, and 
 drawings, or the caveat shall be void. 
 
 Any person affixing to any article the name, or a fraudulent 
 siiiilarity of the name, of any patentee of any such article, without 
 his consent, or the words "Patent," "Patented," or "Letters 
 Patent," or words of similar import, on any unpatented article, for 
 the purpose of deceiving the public, is liable to a penalty of $100, 
 one-half to be paid to the Government, the other to the prosecutor. 
 
 Patentees mi^'st stamp or affix on each patented article offered 
 for sale, or on the package containing it, the date of the patent, 
 under a penalty of $20 for each offence. 
 
 When a defendant in an action relies on a previous invention, he 
 must give notice thereof with his plea, and must state the names 
 and residences of his witnesses. If judgment pass for the defend- 
 ant in such case, the patent becomes void. Whenever a plaintiff 
 fails in his action, on the ground that his specification or claim 
 embraces more than that to which he is entitled as first inventor, 
 and it shall appear that the defendant had used any part of the 
 invention truly specified, and claimed as specified, or claimed as 
 new, the court may make such order as to costs as shall be equi- 
 table. 
 
 No action can be sustained for any offence recognized by the 
 Patent Law, unleSs the same is commenced within six months after 
 the knowledge is acquired of the offence having been committed. 
 
 To enable us to draw up the application for New Bmnswick, 
 which must be done with great care, send a copy of the drawings 
 and specifications attached to your United States, or other patent, 
 with a model of the invention, or samples, similar to those described 
 for the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec ; send also a draft, pay- 
 
12 
 
 able to our' order, for fifty dollars, Canadian currency. The model 
 and papers may be sent by Express, pre-paid, or the first by Ex- 
 press and the latter by post, at your option. 
 
 Ir« case you have not obtained a patent in any other country, send 
 us a full description, with sketches, in the same manner as before 
 pointed out for Ontario and Quebec. 
 
 Immediately on receipt of the papers we forward you the usual 
 Patent bond, and set about the preparation of the application. 
 "When completed, the papers are sent to you for signature, to be 
 then returned to us with balance of feo, which will usually amount 
 to fifty dollars ; making a total for the Government and solicitors* 
 fees of one hundred dollars, Canada currency. When the inven- 
 tion is one of great intricacy, and very elaborate and numerous 
 drawings are required, with lengthy specifications, the total charge 
 will vary from $100 to $150 ; the Government fees being conside- 
 rably higher in New Brunswick than in the two other Provinces 
 described, which, together with the Crown Law oflBcer's charges, 
 varying with the time required in the examination of the applica- 
 tion, will account for the excess of cost in New Brunswick. 
 
 The total charge for drawing up and registering an assignment 
 is $10 ; for drawing up and fyling a caveat, $50 ; for preparing 
 and registering a design, $50. 
 
 Immediately on receipt of the papers, if properly executed, the 
 application is forwarded to the New Brunswick Patent Office, and 
 the application urged on with all posssible despatch. When the 
 Patent parchment is returned to us, it is at once forwarded to our 
 client. 
 
 Nova Scotia. — The term for which patents are granted in i;his 
 Province is fourteen years, with no definite period fixed in which 
 to commence manufacturing or selling the article patented. 
 Patents are assignable in whole or in part. With the exception 
 previously mentioned, patents are granted only to^-esidents. The 
 total cost of a patent to a foreign inventor, under the circumstances 
 mentioned, will be about one hundred dollars. Total cost of an 
 {assignment is ten dollars, including registration fees. CavecUa 
 are not fyled in this province. The ordinary clauses regulating 
 the patentee's interests, &c., are similar to those contained in the 
 laws of the other Provinces. 
 
13 
 
 Newfoundland. — By the existing law of this island, patents are 
 granted to any inventor or discoverer for a period of fourteen 
 years, irrespective of nationality or residence, and an additional 
 term of seven years may bo granted at tfie option of the Govern- 
 ment. The total cost of a patent will ' about two hundred dol- 
 larsy Canada currency. A model is required if the invention is 
 of a mechanical description, or if the discovery is of a chemical 
 nature, samples of ingredients, in suffi'^ient quantities for making 
 an experiment, are required, and also a sample of the compound 
 itself. The patent is assignable in whole, or it may issue direct to 
 an assignee of the inventor. 
 
 Patents are void if not in operation within a period of two years 
 from date of issue. All applicants must give notice in Royal 
 Gazette and in one other newspaper published in the colony, for 
 four weeks, stating the intention of applying for a Patent. Original 
 patentees may add improvements to Patent by payment of fees. 
 Cost of assignment, including registra ion fees, twenty dollars. In- 
 ventors requiring patents in this Colony will require to f()rward us 
 the necessary information in a similar manner to that described for 
 other Provinces. Caveats are not allowed. 
 
 With the foregoing brief synopsis of the laws governing the grant- 
 ing of patents, &c., in the various Provinces, and the necessary 
 steps to be taken for obtaining them, we may be permitted a few 
 words personal to ourselves. We have now been engaged for eight 
 years in the important business of obtaining patents, and number 
 our clients by hundreds, throughout the Dominion, United States, 
 Great Britain and Europe, and have much satisfaction in stating 
 that we have never yet lost a chent through any want of skill or 
 attention to his interests. The speed with which we transact our 
 business, at the various Provincial Patent Ofiices, is due to the 
 correct and beautiful manner in which the various specifications and 
 drawings are prepared; to our personal acquaintance with the 
 CK)vernment officials, and to the large number of Patents we are 
 instrumental in obtaining, which give us, so to speak, the right of way. 
 
 We do not wish to draw invidious comparisons with other solicitors, 
 but in justice to ourselves state the simple fact, that more patents 
 are obtained through our agency, than through that of all other 
 Canadian solicitors. 
 
14 
 
 In many instances cases have been brought under our notice, of 
 ^applications having been made, through inexperienced or dishonest 
 solicitors, in which from six months to a year have elapsed before 
 the Paten-s were ol;tained, while frequently they have not been 
 obtained at all. A delay hke this is fatal to the interests of the 
 inventor. We pride ourselves upon tho successful management 
 of our clients* applications, in fact regard their interests as our 
 own, being sure that if tkey have reason to be pleased with our 
 promptness and skill in obtaining one Patent, additional business 
 will come in the form of fresh applications, either from themselves 
 or from their friends. We wish to make the name of our firm a 
 ^' Household Word," for skill, probity, and dispatch, wherever in- 
 ventive or mechanical genius exists, and are fast doing so. 
 
 The senior member of our firm is a civil engineer, of great ex- 
 perience in drawing up the applications, both in a mechanical and 
 legal point of view. The drawings are prepared by skilled draughts- 
 men, under his immediate supervision. Our clients may rest as- 
 sured, therefore, that the work will be well and correctly performed. 
 
 We are in almost daily communication with the leading manufac- 
 turers in " The Dominion," many of whom are our clients, and 
 have excellent opportunities of bringing under their notice inven- 
 tions, after the Patents have been obtained, and do so, if requested 
 by the Patentee. In tliis manner many good sales of Patent rights 
 have been made through our instrumentality. Our offices are, in 
 fact, the head-quarters in Canada for obtaining and giving informa- 
 tion on all subjects appertaining to the mechanical arts and manu- 
 factures, and should be visited by all inventors, whether desirous of 
 obtaining Patents or not. A cordial invitation is tendered, and 
 a courteous reception given to all, whether inventors or not. 
 
 We give a list of a few of our principal clients for whom Patents 
 have been obtained in Canada and Foreign Countries, to whom 
 we refer those requiring similar services, for information as to the 
 manner in which ilieir business has been transacted. 
 
 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 
 
 Our facilities for obtaining Letters Patent in Great Britain, 
 France, Holland, Belgium, Russia and other foreign countries, are 
 unrivalled. Our business partners are found in the capitals of erery 
 
15 
 
 country where Patents are granted, and are first class reliable men. 
 We have no connection with men who are not thoroughly trust- 
 worthy and skilful. Inventors may consequently safely trust their 
 interests in our hands, and should give orders for their Foreign 
 Patents as soon after making application in New Brunswick or 
 Canada as possible. In Great Britain and in other European 
 countries, Patents are granted for foreign inventions, to those 
 who first introduce them into these countries, irrespective of the 
 original inventor. For this reason many important and valuable 
 inventions have been lost to the discoverer, from the delay in 
 making his application ; and frequently from placing the business 
 in the hands of irresponsible or dishonest parties styling themselves 
 " Patent agents," many of whom may be styled " Patent sharks," 
 seeking what they may seize, and appropriate. Avoid all such, and 
 employ none but responsible, well known, skilful solicitors, thorough- 
 ly posted up in the business, and who hcve a name to uphold. 
 
 Our foreign business is yearly increasing, and we recommend 
 inventors to give us a trial, promising, if they do so, to give every 
 satisfaction. W*. also, if so instructed, undertake the sale of 
 foreign patents, on a reasonable commission. 
 
 Models are not required, as a rule, in any of the European 
 countries, but the drawings and specifications require to be made 
 with the utmost care in order to comply with their legal require 
 ments, which are very strict. Many valuable patents have been 
 lost to the inventors by minor errors having been made in some of 
 the documents. Our papers are revised by first-class legal men 
 of each foreign country before being deposited in the respective 
 Patent offices ; and we have pecuUar pleasure in stating that, up 
 to the present time, not a single error has been detected in any of 
 the numerous applications we have fyled. 
 
 The average cost of obtaining letters patent in some of the lead- 
 ing European countries is given, provided no opposition is made, 
 by parties claiming to be the inventors, to the granting of the same. 
 When such cases occur, we contest the point, and have succeeded, 
 in many instances, in carrying our clients successfully through. . 
 Where such instances occur our charges are very moderate, and 
 these occur principally in Great Britain, where each application has 
 to be advertised in the London Gazette, for the purpose of giving 
 
16 
 
 opposing parties, if any, an opportunity of examining and ascertain- 
 ing whether the application in question interferes with patents pre- 
 viously granted to them. If the application pass this ordeal, tiie 
 Zloyal Letters Patent arc granted shortly after. In passing through 
 the variouo stages, up to this point, the application is watched and 
 defended by skilled engineers and legal solicitoi-s, on behalf of our 
 eUent. In a large majority of instances no opposition is offered, 
 and the patent issues at the cost given. 
 
 A synopsis of the Patent Laws of any foreign country, with cost 
 of obtaining letters patent, will be forwarded to persons requiring 
 the same on the receipt of Jive dollars for each country so indicated. 
 The information given in every case will convey a clear idea of the 
 nature of the law at present existing, and the obligations entailed 
 both on the Government issuing the letters patent and on the 
 patentee. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 (^Average cost supposing no opposition is encountered.) 
 
 1st 3 years $313, if one skin of parchment is required. 
 
 2nd 4 " $250 ; stamp attached to letters patent at end of 
 
 third year. 
 3rd 7 " $500 ; stamp attached to letters patent at end of 
 
 seventh year. 
 
 Total, 14 " $1068 
 
 A prior search through the Patent OfBce, if required, will cost 
 thirty dollars more. 
 
 In Great Britain patents are assignable, either in whole or in 
 part ; and the fees to Government, for the succeeding terms, may 
 be paid by the assignees. 
 
 Foreign applications for patents in Great Britain are usually 
 made in the form of '* Communications from abroad. "The patents 
 issue to our lagent in trust for the apphcants, and are transferred to 
 the respective parties by deeds of assignment. This course pre- 
 vents the transmisenon of documents back and forth, which would 
 cause considerable expense and delay, as well as risk of oss by 
 shipwreck or otherwise. 
 
17 
 
 Thi various steps which arc necessary to be taken in order to 
 obtain a British patent may be briefly stated as follows : — 
 
 THE TITLE. 
 
 When an inventor has resolved to '»pply for letters patent, the 
 first thing to be considered is the title which must be given to the 
 invention in the petition. There is often a good deal of difiiculty 
 in selecting a proper title, and inventors have not unfrequently 
 lost the benefit of their patents in consequence of an error in this 
 point. 
 
 The title must point out distinctly and specifically the nature of 
 the invention ; it must not be too general, and it is desirable not 
 to make it too narrow — faults which a professional person is more 
 likely to avoid than those not accustomed to the preparation of 
 patent documents. 
 
 The title having been framed, and the petition prepared, it must 
 be lodged at the office of the Commissioners of Patents, along with 
 a declaration, made before some competent authority, and a 
 
 . -,^ PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. ' . 
 
 This document is required to state distinctly and intelligibly 
 the whole nature of the invention, so as to show in what it consists, 
 and the means by which it is carried into effect. It is not neces- 
 sary, however, to go into minute details. 
 
 PROVISIONAL PROTECTION. 
 
 The title and the provisional specification are then referred to 
 the law officer, for his approval. If dissatisfied with them, he may 
 require them to be amended. If he approve of them, he issues 
 his certificate to that effect, and this being filed in the Commission- 
 ers' office, the invention becomes provisionally protected — that is to 
 say, for six months, commencing at the date of the application — it 
 may be used and published by the inventor. We would advise an 
 inventor to be cautious how he makes his invention pubUc until the 
 time for opposing the grant has gone by. 
 
 The object of compelling an inventor to lodge a provisional spe*- 
 cification with his petition, is to provide against the introduction 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 into the final specification of any matter not contemplated by him 
 at the time of his application. Improvements in mere details may 
 be inserted in the final specification with perfect propriety ; but 
 such improvements must require the use of the original matter of 
 invention set forth in the provisional specification. Although the 
 latter is only a temporary document, great care should be bestowed 
 on its preparation. 
 
 In place of lodging a provisional specification, an inventor may, 
 if he chooses, lodge a complete specification along with his petition. 
 In such a case, his invention is protected from the day the docu- 
 ments are deposited at the Commissioners' office. The disadvan- 
 tage of this proceeding is, that he has no further opportunity of 
 perfecting his invention in its details. The trials and experiments 
 which an inventor may openly make for six months after obtaining 
 provisional protection, generally suggest a variety of improvements, 
 which may be embodied in the final specification ; but, when a com- 
 plete specification is lodged at starting, he is debarred from the 
 benefit of further improvements, which, if very important, must 
 form the subject of another patent. 
 
 THE NOTICE TO PROCEED. 
 
 An applicant, as soon as he thinks fit, after obtaining protec- 
 tion in either of the above-mentioned modes, may give notice of 
 his intention to proceed with his application ; whereupon the Com- 
 missioners will cause the appUcation to be advertised in the London 
 Gazette^ with the view of giving persons who have an opposing 
 interest the opportunity of objecting to it. This notice of the 
 applicant's intention to proceed must be given at least eight weeks 
 before the expiration of the provisional protection. 
 
 In case of opposition, the matter is referred to one of the law 
 officers of the Crown, whose decision guides the Commissioners, 
 unless it is overruled by the Lord Chancellor. 
 
 Objections to .the issue of a patent cannot be delivered after the 
 expiration of twenty-one days from the appearance of the notice 
 to proceed in the Gazette, It is very desirable that the appli- 
 cant should advance as quickly as possible to that stage of the 
 proceedings where he is safe from objection ; and he will do well 
 
, 19 
 
 to place himself in the position of being able to demand the law 
 officer's warrant, whenever he pleases. 
 
 THE GREAT SEAL. 
 
 Application for the law officer's warrant and for the patent 
 must be made at least fourteen clear days before the expiration 
 of provisional protection, or the protection by reason of the de- 
 posit of a complete specification, and the patent must issue dur- 
 ing the continuance of that protection. The Lord Chancellor, 
 under special circumstances, has, however.^ power to extend the 
 sealing of the patent for a month. 
 
 One patent now embraces the whole of the United Kingdom of 
 Oreat Britain and Ireland. 
 
 Patents taken out in this kingdom for inventions previously 
 patented in a foreign country, become void at the expiration of 
 the foreign patent. 
 
 THE COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. 
 
 In case the applicant did not lodge a complete specification 
 with his petition, he is obliged to file a specification fully de- 
 scribing the nature of his invention, and the manner of carrying 
 it into effect, withm six months from the date of the patent. 
 Very great care must be given to the preparation of this instru- 
 ment, to make it comply with the decisions of the Courts. The 
 instances of the fetal effect of unskilfulness in preparing speci- 
 fications are innumerable. If drawings are required to the under- 
 standing of the invention, they must be prepared in duplicate, 
 and one copy attached to the specification, and the other lodged 
 at the Commissioners' office. Each specification is engrossed on 
 parchment bearing a £5 stamp. All specifications and the ac- 
 companying drawings are printed by the Queen's printer, and 
 may be purchased for a small sum. 
 
 AUSTRIA. 
 
 Alimentary preparations, beverages, and medicines cannot be 
 patented. Inventions from abroad must have been previously 
 patented in the country where they were made. Only one inven- 
 
'i 
 
 90 
 
 tion iff allowed to be included in a single patent, unless the several 
 inventions relate to the same subject matter. The patent must be 
 worked within a year of the grant, otherwise it becomes void, and 
 the working must not cease for two consecutive years. Patents 
 granted for any number of years up to fifteen. The Government 
 tax is $10 a year for the first five years, afterwards it is annually 
 increased so that the total tax for fifteen years amounts to $350. 
 The whole tax for the years applied for must be paid at the time 
 the petition is presented. 
 The expense of a patent for five years will average about $180. 
 
 BAVARIA. 
 
 Patents are granted for any te^m from one to fifteen years. 
 There is an examination into the novelty and utility of the inven- 
 tion to be patented, but a patent is seldom refused. The patent 
 must be worked within a year from the grant, and the working 
 must not be suspended for two years. The cost of a patent for 
 five years will average $160. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Patents are obtainable in Belgium for twenty years, but in the 
 case of inventions previously patented elsewhere, they will expire 
 at the samfe time as the original patent. The government tax 
 be^ns with the payment of 10 francs for the first year and in- 
 creases annually at the rate of 10 francs, so that in the twentieth 
 year 200 francs are payable. In case the tax is not paid in one 
 year, the patent becomes void ; and it is also rendered void by a 
 6a>ilure to work the invention within a year from the date of its 
 being worked abroad, or by a cessation of the working for the space 
 of one year. The average expense of obtaining a patent with first 
 year's tax paid is $108. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 ! 
 
 There is no special law on the subject of patents within this 
 kingdom, but exclusive privileges are granted usually for a term of 
 five years at an average cost of $187. 
 
21 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Pharmaceutical compounds and medicines cannot be patented* 
 Patents for foreign inventions will not endure longer than the pa- 
 tents originally granted. Patents may be procured for fifteen 
 years. A single patent will be restricted to one principal object. 
 The weights and measures employed must be those of the Empire. 
 The necessary drawings and descriptions must be lodged in dupli- 
 cate. Alterations and additions may be made to the original inven- 
 tion during the existence of the patent. If the invention be not 
 worked within two years from the date of patent, or if the working 
 shall cease for two consecutive years, the patent will be void. An 
 annual payment of $20 must be made to Government during the 
 existence of the patent. In case of default in making any one 
 payment the patent becomes void. 
 
 The average expense of a French patent is $108, including the 
 first year's tax to Government. 
 
 HANOVER. 
 
 BADEN. 
 
 HESSE CASSEL. 
 
 WURTEMBERG. 
 
 Patents are granted in these States, and in all the smaller States 
 of the German Confederation, The conditions are similar to those 
 in force in Bavaria and Saxony, and the expense of a patent for 
 five years in each State is about $160. 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 Patents are obtainable for five, ten, or fifteen years at the option 
 of the applicant, the government charges increasing with the length 
 of the privilege. The total expense for a patent of five years is 
 $108, exclusive of the government tax, which for a period of five 
 years is $75 ; for a ten year's tax from $135 to $180 ; and for a 
 fifteen year's patent from $270 to $330. The entire charges must 
 be paid within three months from the date of the patent ; a patent 
 
22 
 
 obtained for an invention patented abroad will cease with the ori- 
 ginal patent. The invention must be worked within two years of 
 the grant or the patent will become void.* 
 
 '.:.■•■ ,, <:,.y..- ITALY. '^,.:/.' r:^.-':'--'/'' 
 
 Patents of invention are granted to inventors, native or foreign, 
 for any new industrial product or result, instrument, machine, or 
 mechanical arrangement, process, or method of industrial produc- 
 tion, motor or industrial application of known forces or technical 
 application of a scientific principle to the production of direct and 
 industrial results. 
 
 No previous examination, as regards novelty. Inventions relating 
 to food and drinks are examined as to their fitness to be patented. 
 Medicines, or inventions merely theoretic, are not patentable. 
 
 Patents are granted for terms of from one to fifteen years at the 
 option of the applicant ; but p patent for an invention already pa- 
 tented abroad, expires with the foreign patent, having the largest 
 term, providing it be not more than fifteen years. Patents de- 
 manded for a term less than fifteen years may be prolonged. 
 
 The Government taxes are divided into a fixed tax proportionate 
 to, and payable in advance for the' number of years demanded, and 
 an annual and triennially increasing tax, payable in advance, on 
 the first day of each year of the patent's term. 
 
 In addition to these there are small taxes, payable upon applica- 
 tions for prolongation, or for certificates of addition or of reduction. 
 The ordinary cost of an Italian Patent of six years, including 
 entire proportional and first annual tax, is about $200. 
 The annual tax (including commission) is for the 
 
 first three years $17 per year 
 
 Second year 22 " 
 
 Third " 27 " 
 
 Fourth " 32 " 
 
 Last " 37 " 
 
 Tax on application for an extension of the original 
 
 term (with commission) 15 " 
 
 * The Dutch law invalidates a patent in case the patentee shall afterwards 
 obtain a foreign patent for the same invention. Thie is a silly and easily evaded 
 regulation. 
 
 ¥ V 
 
23 
 
 of 
 
 )r 
 
 S 
 
 ♦ * 
 
 PORTUGAL. V 
 
 Patents of invention or of introduction are granted to natives or 
 foreigners, -without previous examinations or guarantee of the 
 priority or merit of the invention. 
 
 Patents of invention are granted for fifteen years, or for a less 
 term, at the option of the applicant, no subsequent prolongation 
 being granted. To inventors already having foreign patents no 
 longer term will be granted than -^ill make up fifteen years, from 
 the date of the foreign patent, and the importer of an invention 
 (not being himself the inventor) cannot obtain a Patent for more 
 than five years. 
 
 Tax — Government tax in advance, for the number of years de- 
 manded for a Patent. 
 
 A Portugese Patent will cost for five years $180 
 
 it 
 
 u 
 
 li 
 
 u 
 
 iC 
 
 ten years 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 330 
 
 fifteen years 490 
 
 The patentee's privilege commences from the dehvery of the 
 patent. If the invention is a chemical process, a bond of 11250 
 must be given by the patentee, that at the expiration of the patent, 
 be will exhibit the process three times in public. The patent be- 
 comes void if the invention be not practiced within the first half of 
 the term granted, and patentees are required to publicly expose 
 their manufacture in operation, twice a month, three days previous 
 notice having been given in the oflGicial journal. 
 
 ^'■■-■■.•^■■■"^' PRUSSIA. ---:■ -,:,--^- 
 
 The Government does not countenance patents for imported in- 
 ventions, and they are seldom gianted, and if granted, it is not 
 often that a longer term than five years is obtained. Certain vexa- 
 tious conditions are frequently imposed, and on the whole we cannot 
 recommend the application for a patent in this State, except under 
 special circumstances. The expense of a patent, for five years, if 
 obtained, is about $135, and, if not granted, an expense of $75 is 
 incurred by the application. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Foreign inventions are patentable for one, two, three, four, five, 
 six or ten years, at the option of the Government. The total cost 
 
24 ■'/''■:.;;,.,> ^ 
 
 of a six years patent is about $400, and for ten years about $600. 
 A patent for an imported invention will not be valid after the ex- 
 piration of the original patent. The invention must be worked 
 within one quarter of the space of time for which the patent was 
 granted. , 
 
 ■ ^ SARDINIA. 
 
 Patents are procurable for fifteen years, but in the case of im 
 ported inventions, they expire with the original patents — only a 
 single invention can be included in one patent — medicines and 
 purely theoretical inventions cannot be patented. Where the patent 
 is for five years or less, the invention must be put into operation 
 within the first year, and must not cease to be worked for the space 
 of one year. If the patent is for more than five years, then it must 
 be worked within two years, and must not cease to be worked for a 
 similar length of time. In addition to the Government tax payable 
 when the patent is applied for, there is an annual tax to be paid, 
 increasing from 30 francs for each of the first three years, to 110 
 francs for each of the years beyond the twelfth. The total cost of 
 obtaining a patent for fifteen years, exclusive of the annual pay- 
 ment, amounts to about $130. 
 
 SAXONY. ■'" / v^-'::,:. ,, ,■ 
 
 Patents are granted for five years, which may be extended to 
 ten on petition. There is an examination into the subject of the 
 patent prior to its grant, and patents are seldom refused. The 
 patent must be worked within one year from the daie of its grant ; 
 but this period can be extended by petition. The total expense of 
 a patent for five years is $160. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 Patents for imported inventions are granted for five or ten years. 
 The patent must be limited to one invention. The total cost of a 
 patent in Spain is from $170 to $300, according to the term granted. 
 The invention must be carried into effect within a year and a day 
 from the grant, otherwise the patent will become void, and the same 
 effect will follow if there be a cessation of the working of the inven- 
 tion for a similar length of time. 
 
 iiiii I 
 
25 
 
 )0. 
 
 ed 
 as 
 
 n 
 a 
 id 
 at 
 in 
 le 
 
 3t 
 
 a 
 e 
 
 i, 
 
 [) 
 
 f 
 
 • : SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
 
 Separate patents are granted for each kingdom. Imported in- 
 ventions are patentable for five years, but this term may be ex- 
 tended to ten years, if it can be shown that they require complicated 
 machinery, or are attended with considerable expenise. The inven- 
 tion must be carried into operation within two years from the grant. 
 The expense of a patent amounts to about 1160 for each country. 
 
 BRITISH COLONIES— AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Patents are regulated by the law of March, 1857, the proceed- 
 ings under which are very like those for obtaining British patents. 
 The duration is fourteen years, or the term of a foreign patent for 
 the same invention. The cost of a Victoria patent for first term, 
 will vary from |200 to $300. A Government tax of $75 is payable 
 before the expiration of the third year and a further tax of $100, 
 before the expiration of the seventh year. 
 
 * INDIA. 
 
 Patents are here granted to inventors or their personal repre- 
 sentatives or assignees for new and useful improvements in any art, 
 process or manner of producing, preparing or making an article, or 
 any article prepared or produced by manufacture. 
 
 An invention is considered new, if at the time of application it 
 has not been publicly used or publicly known by means of written 
 or printed publications in any part of India, or of the United King- 
 dom ; but any inventor who has obtained letters patent in the United 
 Kingdom, may, on making application within six months after fyling 
 his complete English specification, obtain protection in India. 
 
 The mere fyling of the applicant's specification confers upon him 
 the rights of a patentee for fourteen years, leave for such fyling 
 having been previously obtained from the Government. 
 
 The ordinary cost of an Indian patent will be $300. 
 
 CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 
 
 Patents are here regulated by a system very much resembling 
 tha^t of Great Britain. 
 
26 
 
 Cost about 1200, subject to a tax of about $50, at the end of 
 the third, and of $100, at the end of the seventh year. 
 Cost of patent in Jamaica, $375 — Term, 14 years. 
 
 " « New South Wales, 1425— Term, 7 to 14 years, 
 
 at discretion of Governor. 
 " " New Zealand, $300— Term, 14 years. 
 
 " " Queensland, $125— Term, 7 to 14 years, at dis- 
 
 cretion of Governor. 
 " " Tasmania, $300— Term, 14 years. 
 
 ♦* " Trinidad, $300— No special time. 
 
 " " British Guiana, $500— Term, 14 years. 
 
 " " Ceylon, $300, exclusive of Government, for 14 
 
 years. 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 Patents are granted to natives or foreigners for inventions or 
 improvements. The duration is, in the case of an invention, ten 
 years ; in that of an improvement, six years. The patent fees 
 vaiy considerably, so that no estimate of cost can be given. 
 
 STATES OF SOUTH AMERICA— BRAZIL. 
 
 Patents are granted without previous examination or guarantee, 
 to natives or foreigners, for any invention or improvement. 
 
 Patents of invention only are granted, but the importer of a 
 foreign discovery is entitled to a premium, the value of which de- 
 pends upon that of the discovery. 
 
 The duration of a patent is fixed by the Government, and varies 
 from five to twenty years. 
 
 There is no Government tax upon patents, but expenses for the 
 great seal, and other administrative formalities, must be paid. 
 Cost about $300. 
 
 A patented invention must be worked within two years, dating 
 
 from the delivery of the patent. Patents become void if not worked 
 
 within the specified time, if the patentee afterwards obtain a 
 
 foreign patent for the same invention, or if the invention be proved 
 
 to be old. 
 
2T 
 
 CHILI, PERU, NEW GRENADA. 
 
 Patents are granted in these states for inventions, original or 
 imported, to natives or to foreigners, upon condition that they 
 initiate a certain number of natives in the operation of the disco- 
 very or invention. 
 
 The Governments fix the duration of patents, the term being at 
 least twenty-five years. 
 
 The operation of patented inventions must take place with the 
 least possible delay, the importation of the patented object being, 
 deemed operation. 
 
 The cost of each of these patents is about $300. 
 
 ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. 
 
 Patents are granted, without previous examination or any gua- 
 rantee, to inventors or first importers. Absolute novelty within 
 the republic is requisite, and medicines, and merely theoretic in- 
 ventions, are not patentable. The duration, at most, ten years, 
 and only five for importations or improvements. A patent dates 
 from the fyling of the application, must be worked within the first 
 year, and is somewhat costly. 
 
 PARAGUAY. 
 
 To non-residents, patents of introduction only are granted for 
 inventions made or patented abroad. Such patents expire six 
 months after the foreign patent. There is no regular tax, but 
 there are variable administrative expenses. Two years are allowed 
 for operation. A patentee forfeits his patent if he afterwards 
 obtain one abroad, without permission of the Government. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Patents are granted in the United States for a period of seven- 
 teen years, commencing with the date of the foreign patent. 
 Foreign inventors are charged the same fees as demanded from 
 American citizens, providing the Governuicnts of the country to 
 which they belong do not discriminate against citizens of the United 
 States. Inventions of a foreign origin should be worked within 
 
28 
 
 eighteen months after the patent is granted. A model of the inven- 
 tion, or samples, if the discovery is of a chemical nature, are re- 
 quired to he lodged in the Patent OflSce. The total cost of an Ameri- 
 can patent may be put down at about $150, American currency, to 
 an inventor whose Government does not discriminate against citizens 
 of the United States. To Canadians, the total charge will be 
 about $650, American currency. This extra charge to Canadians 
 is owing to the illiberal Patent Law now existing in the Provinces 
 of Ontario and Quebec (formerly known as the Province of 
 Canada). The United States Patent Law is so framed, that so 
 soon as the Canadians pass a reciprocating law, the United States 
 fee at once drops from 1500 to $35, without any further legisla- 
 tion. 
 
 It is to be hoped the New Dominion Parliament will soon wipe 
 this *' relict of the dark ages," (the existing patent law,) off the 
 Statute Books, and replace it with ono more in accordance with the 
 laws of all other countries, and the spirit of the nineteenth century. 
 
 The foregoing prices are on a gold basis, with the exception of 
 those named for the United States. Parties desirous of making 
 applications in any foreign country wiU send us full particulA-rs, in 
 the form of drawings and descriptions ; or, if possible, a copy of 
 those attached to the United States Patent, if already granted in 
 that country, with a draft for the money, payable to our order in 
 Montreal. A power of attorney, to enable us to act on behalf of 
 the applicant, will be sent for his signature, and its receipt by 
 us will enable the application to be made. In all cases in corres- 
 ponding with this office, write distinctly, giving the names in full, of 
 the applicant, his occupation, place of residence, town, county, 
 state, &c. 
 
 Deeds of assignments of Patent Rights, carefully drawn up, in 
 the forms prescribed by law, and enregistered in Patent offices. 
 
 Many inventors think a trip to Montreal necessary to enable 
 them to give the required information — this is not so, for while al- 
 ways glad to welcome clients to our offices, we may state that the 
 business can be equally well performed by correspondence, except 
 when the invention is more than ordinarily complex, in which case 
 a personal explanation might be preferable. 
 
 If, however, the inventor can afford the time and expense, a trip 
 
29 
 
 to this city would no doubt be a delightful one, and a few days oc- 
 cupied in visitiiig and examining its wonderful manufacturing hives 
 of human industries ; the Mammoth Victoria Bridge, Docks, Lachine 
 Rapids, &c., &o., would be time well and profitably spent. At any 
 rate, either by letter or in person, we will be glad to hear from or 
 see the inventor, and aid him to the full extent of our ability, both 
 with his applications, and in making the time pass pleasantly. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to observe, that all communications, 
 either verbal or by letter, are, in the strictest sense of the word, 
 confidential. .. 
 
 ■ ,.. , (Address.) 
 
 CHARLES LEGGE & COMPANY, 
 
 Oivil Engineers and Solicitors of Patents, 
 ■ 48 Great St. James Street, Montreal, 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^- :. . ' " DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 The following are a few names taken from a list of gentlemen 
 for whom Patents have been obtained in Canada, New Brunswick, 
 and in Foreign countries, by Charles Legge & Company, and to 
 whom reference can be made. 
 
 Nameb. 
 
 Besidbstoeb. 
 
 S. Skinner 
 
 D. Rodgers 
 
 James Arless 
 
 Wm. H. Sutton. . 
 Richard Uealv. . . 
 James Dougall... 
 Edward Fayne. . . 
 J. H. Foudrinier. 
 
 Wm. Inglis 
 
 Alexander Fleck. 
 
 Wm. Gibson 
 
 James Inglis 
 
 R. T. Sutton . . . . 
 Cowie & Alison. . 
 Wm, Stepben«on 
 Henry Wood . . 
 James Foley 
 C. S. Dewitt ... 
 Geo. B. Frowse . . 
 Capt. MoLeod.. . . 
 
 Jonn Harris 
 
 John Williams. . . 
 J.F. D.Blaok... 
 
 Gananoque, Province of Ontario. 
 
 St. Eustache, Province of Quebec. 
 
 Montreal. P Q. 
 
 Brantford.P.O. 
 
 Bedford, P. Q. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Cobourg, P. O. 
 
 Lyn, P. O. 
 
 Manchester, England. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Brantford, P. O. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Lindsay, P. O. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Halifox, N. S. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
30 
 
 Names. 
 
 John Hart 
 
 -James Hodges 
 
 Cbarlea Esplin 
 
 Dr. Welles 
 
 J. Faradis 
 
 C. Anderson 
 
 A Champion 
 
 Cox and Murphy 
 
 Wm. Gibson 
 
 Hon. L. A. Dessaulles 
 
 A. Woodward 
 
 Ira Gould 
 
 Dr. Brewster 
 
 F. A. Lamontagne 
 
 rierro B. Jay 
 
 George Cowles 
 
 James M. Mott 
 
 C. D. Chase 
 
 Charles Dion 
 
 A. Farewell 
 
 T. Fahrland 
 
 Alexander Buntin 
 
 Joseph Morin 
 
 J. McDowell 
 
 S. K. Warron 
 
 A. McD. Forster 
 
 Normand Wiard 
 
 George Watt 
 
 T. L. Wilson., 
 
 Wm. Notman 
 
 Charles W. Barry 
 
 Joseph Marks 
 
 J. Wark 
 
 J.B. Phreyne 
 
 J. A. Woodworth 
 
 Crevier & PoitraH 
 
 Alfred Pilky 
 
 C.Taylor 
 
 A. G. Gray 
 
 R.Biitchell 
 
 D.H.Gould 
 
 Capt. Bolton, British army. 
 
 J. Batchelder 
 
 Dr.M.H.Utley 
 
 G.H. Pierce, C. E 
 
 J. Devlen 
 
 J. Millar 
 
 J.Meigs 
 
 R. Mushet 
 
 J.H. Daley 
 
 Wm. Muir 
 
 A. PoUok 
 
 A.Tyler 
 
 Munn& Co. 
 
 E.Copeland 
 
 Evarts&Meigs 
 
 John Mc Bean 
 
 A. Greenleaf . ... 
 
 J.W.Stewart 
 
 T.Abel 
 
 T. Flnegan 
 
 John Leeming 
 
 Brown, Combes & to 
 
 Canada Horse Nail Co 
 
 H.C.Lloyd.. 
 
 Dr. Ehrhardt .... / 
 
 S.Nicolson 
 
 O. Lomer 
 
 Mr. Jones........ 
 
 Rev. J. Bte. Ponton 
 
 Mr. Ban-.......-. 
 
 S K. Corbay & Co 
 
 Francis Ellershausen 
 
 D. V»88 
 
 Kesidencks. 
 
 Bedford. P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. y. 
 Ottawa, P O. 
 Stanbridge, P. Q. 
 Hoohelaga, P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 Stratford, P. o. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 South Granby, P. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Q. 
 
 14 
 >< 
 « 
 
 (I 
 it 
 <> 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Toronto, P. O. 
 Sutton, P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 Oshawa, P. O. 
 Montreal, P Q. 
 
 Hamilton, P. O. 
 Ancaster, P. O. 
 Beauharnois, P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 « « 
 
 « « 
 
 Stratford, P. O. 
 St. John, N. B. 
 
 Montreal. P. Q. 
 
 Troy, N. Y 
 
 Loudon, England. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 (( <i 
 
 Richmond, P. Q. 
 
 New Jersey City. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 St. Guillaume, P. Q. 
 
 London, England. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 II i( 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Hartford, Con. 
 New York City. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Melbourne, P. Q. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Nova Soot a. 
 
 St. MarievlUe, P. Q. 
 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 Hamilton, P. O. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 f< <i 
 
 »■ V 
 
31 
 
 Names. 
 
 '^ \ 
 
 Wm. McKenzie Robertson 
 
 L.Kirkup 
 
 Tho8. Izod 
 
 ilr. Boynton 
 
 Wm. P. Hartley 
 
 Wilson & MoDougall 
 
 Richard Coleman 
 
 E. L. Cowling 
 
 Mr. Jamieson 
 
 Thos. M. Hammond 
 
 Jacob Scott 
 
 G.H.Hinton 
 
 E.E.Gilbert 
 
 Wm.G.Pullan 
 
 Howes, Babcock & Co. . . . 
 
 Schuyler Smith 
 
 Wm. Owen 
 
 Nicholas Paint 
 
 Edwin Chesterman 
 
 J. J. Johnson 
 
 Samuel Perry 
 
 -Homer Tayler 
 
 J. B. Burbank 
 
 Horace A. Taylor 
 
 benjamin Irvine 
 
 Davies & Hunt 
 
 Samuel Gorley 
 
 C. H. R. Gosset 
 
 Henry Porter 
 
 Robert Alsop 
 
 Adolphus Davis 
 
 Charles Carty 
 
 Dr. Murphy 
 
 J. Livesey 
 
 RE8IDBN0E8. 
 
 Eldorado, P. O. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Now York City 
 
 Hartford, Con. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 It II 
 
 Lyn, P. O. 
 Alontrcal, P. Q. 
 New York City. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 Richmond. P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Silver Creek, New York. 
 
 Stanstead, P. Q. 
 
 Toronto, P. O. 
 
 Halifax, N. S, 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 
 Alleghany City, Fa. 
 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 ti II 
 
 Danville, Q. Q. 
 Malone, N, Y. 
 Boston. 
 
 London, England. 
 Paris, France. 
 
 auebec, P. Q, 
 ontreal, P. Q. 
 
 Richmond, P. Q. 
 Montreal, P. Q. 
 Halifax. 
 
 We also give the following gentlemen as references : ' , 
 
 HON. JOHN YOUNG, Montreal. 
 
 T. B. ANDERSON, Esq., President Bank of Montreal, Montreal. 
 
 THE HON. THE MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE AND PATENT OFFICE, Ottawa. 
 
 J. C. TACHE, Esq., M.D., Deputy to the Minister of Agriculture and Patent Office, 
 Ottawa. 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. BARNARD, A.D.C , Examiner of Patents, Crown Law Department, 
 Ottawa. 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. IRVINE, A.D.C. to His Excellency the Governor General, Ottawa. 
 
 WALTER SHANLY, Esq., C. E., Montreal. 
 
 R. J. REEKIE, Esq., Montreal. 
 
 G. D. FERGUSON, Esq., Bank of Montreal, Fergus, P. O. 
 
 J. D. HALL, Esq., Chicago, U. S. 
 
 S. S. BOWERS, Esq., M.D.. Fond du Lac, Wis., U. S. 
 
 S. P. TILTON, Milwaukie, lU., U. S. 
 
 J. B. FRANCIS, Esq., C. B., LoweU, Mass., U. S. 
 
 J. H. JOHNSON, Esq., 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, England. 
 
 H. BONNEVILLE, Esq., 24 Rue du MontThabor, Paris, France. 
 
 GEORGE LINCOLN & CO., Boston, Mass., U. S.