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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimis d des taux de reduction diff«rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich«, il est filmd A partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. □ 1 2 3 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 / o ■< JrJ^^/f WBEC AND UKE SUPERIOR *; rt / / -e c ' ' C .^ J' ^*// ^ ' ^•^ BErORTS AO llATEJfETO' ' c- • RELATIVE TO TUE PROPERTV OP THE Bck m\ f alic ^mim MINING ASSOCIATION. COMPRISING OVER FORTY SQUARE MILES. SITUATED ON LAKE SUPERIOR. CANADA. ittotttrfill; PRINTED BY THE LOVELL PHINITNg ^^^^ FVELlSUim COMPANY 1876. 1574. 0320 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. llie ol,ject of the present p.unpl.let is to bring under the notice ol parties interested the n.ore in.portunt facts connect- ed vv.tJ. the ]arge «nd vuhn.ble properties of the Qnebec mul Lake.Snpenor .Alining Association. Snch recordr-d facts an.l Statements, beins «cuttered through various treatises, re,,arts latters an.l other authentic (h^.-unu-nts, are here presentell in I concise form; but reference is invite.I to the originals for verihcation. ° The ( V)pper-Mining n-ion of the south shore of Lake Supei'ior, u. the State of Michigan, is well known to be aniouff the most important and productive in the w.,rld ; and tnanv of the mn.es established there have yielded, and still continue^ to yieid, enormous profits. ^ In this remarkable region the metal occurs almost entirely m the native form, and disseminata throughout beds of con- siderable thickness. Such beds, In.wever, are frequently as- socnited with true or fissure-veins, in which occur ma.ses of native copper of every variety of size, up to, in one i. . -nee, 600 tons weight. In the early history of mining enteiprise here, such masses formed the principal objects of search ; but ot ate years it has been discovered that the thick and persistent beds containing the metal disseminated in finer paiticles are more profitably and regularly available; and this fact has given a great stimulus to mining industry on the south In reference to this fact the following quotations from a recent able pampldeton " The C>per Mines of La^ by O. D Ashley, Esq., of Boston, are important and sugges- tive: -1 he fact ,s thus established, that mines economically and judiciously worked, and producing but one and one-half percent, of copper, or thirly pounds of metal to two tlionsnnd pounds of Rhin.p sluif can i»ay good returns upon money in- vested, with copper ruling in market value much below j»re- sent prices." Again, " In this connection it is worthy of note that. Lake Superior copper, from its better quality and adai.t- abihty for special purposes, commands a price from three to four cents per pound higher than that imported." After detailing the astoniVliing results fron. the working of the Liilumet and Ileela ^line, the same author observes: "The great, ali-imporlant farts are, Ihut we have these rich developments, and thatth.' profits are obtained ahmst aifinlu from stamp rock which, a lew years since, would have been rejected unless acconi[»anied by masses and barrel-work When the Cliff mine was at the heigiit of its prosperity, it is stated upon good authority that the orders of the mining agent were to throw away stainp-rock not yielding over thr^e per cent. There is encouragement enough in these great successes to put life into every copper mine in Lake Superior which can be proved by exploration to be worthy of oi^ening, and in time this will be more forcibly impressed upon capital- ists by further developments." On the north or Canadian shore of Lake Superior, and on some of the a(>,0()0 acres, or upwards of Forty Square Miles of land, as laid down ontheaccompanving maps and plans. Oil all these locations hiiflily protnisiDg rade cupri- ferous beds to be much the most important and valuable source (>f this metal in the Lake Superior reirion. On one of the locations belonirino: to the Association, in addition to a great, though undetermined, thickness of sonunvhat lower yield, a bed at least three feet in thickness, carrying from two and a half to five per cent, of native copper, has been dis- covered. Such a bed, in those early days, was considered too poor to pay for working; but at the present time, it has been fully established that one per cent, of copper can be extracted from such deposits with profit. At the recpiest of the Geological Commission of Canada, specimens of native copper fiom the property of the Associa- tion on Michipicoten Island have been forwarded to the Cen- tem)ial Exhibition at Phii, >l Iphia. Ivegular communication is at present maintained with both north and south shores of Lake Superior by lines of steamers in summer; and a railway is now uiider construction, and will shortly be in operation, which will bring this region within twenty-four hours of Montreal. In accordance with the recommendation of Dr. Sterry Hunt, the Association last fall, placed a party of miners at the Quebec Mine" on Michipicoten Island, where they are now at work taking out ore. What is believeil to be an important sigtr""''"' '•"''"•''-■"'■>• '--^•-'e.'t.n the under W. W. 8TUAUT, January, 187G. Piesident Q. & L. S. M. A. REPORT ON THE PBOPEBTY OP THE By Dr. T. STERRY HUNT, F.R.S., F.G.S. Institute of Technoloot, Boston, 5th December, 1872. To THE Secretary Q. & L. S. M. A. : Sir,— The property of your Company, on Lake Superior, which I visited and examined lost summer as weU as my time would permit, consists of the following areas : On Mamainse « .inn o««^» _ 0,400 acres. Un I'oint-aux-Mines 6 400 " On St. Ignace Island q 400 " On Michipicoten Island g goo « 20,000 acres. This extensive domain, of more than forty square miles, has as yet, from its size and its thickly-wooded surface, only been exam.oed along its shores ; and the few attempts to work the deposits of copper which have there been found were, for the most pare, undertaken without the experience since acauired 8 by the miners on the south shore of the Lake, to which it will be necessary to refer before we can rightly understand the nature or the great value of the Company's mining lands T.,e m.neral formation of the Keweenaw peninsula, on the south s,de of Lake Superior, the richest and most product ve copper regmn .„ the world, is there confined to a small area anu ,s represented on the Oamdian side of the lake only by tlie similar formations at tlie localities above named and some other locations adjacent ; so that the fort:y square miles held by the Company embrace a large proportion of the whole Thrfl!"'";-"""''^'!^ ^^ *''""' '^»PP«'-b^»ring rocks in Canada. Th,sfo,mat.on on the south shore is remarkable for the fact that, for the greater part, it holds the copper, not in proper IT: T7' '""'f ^'^»i"'"''J *™"Sl' bedsof'rock, generally soft and earthy, and not conspicuous at the surface : so that in the eariy attempts at mining they were overlooked, until ex- perience had taught explorers to trace out and identify them Smce the va ue of these deposits has been understood, t"e p.oduction of copper, which here occurs in the native or metaUic state and is extracted simply by stamping and wash- ing, has rapidly incre.nsed. In 1870 it amounted to 11,300 tons; in 1871 to 14,460 tons ; and m 1872 will much exceed the latter fi<-ure A single mme in this region, the Calumet and Hecla, will ^icld 8,000 tons of copper this year, and divide $3,000,000 (three •"'Uionsof dollars) amoagHs proprietors bed of sufficient tinckness, yielding one per cent, of copper, wiU give a profit, even at prices considerably below the presen rate of copper. Some of the beds aflbrd as much as L pe cent, of copper. ^ thJt' Tf^^' '^?"*^ "'■*'"* "oPP^'-bearing formation of the south shore with that of the Company's knds is clearly established geologically; and the presence of deposits of n^ye copper in them similar to those there wrought with such profit, has been demonstrated. 9 At the time when the Company spent some money in mining experiments on these lands, their attention was, however, directed, not to the deposits of native copper, but to the veins of sulphuretted ores, which are disregarded on the south shore. From my own observations along the whole of the outcrops of the Company's lands, I cannot doubt that the proper work- ing of these copper-bearing beds, already known at Pointe-aux- Mines and Michipicoten Island, and of others which the analo- gies of the south shore lead us to believe will yet be discovered, will result in the development of a copper region of great pro- ductiveness and value. The true course for the owners of this large property, which has so long lain unproductive is to avail themselves of the experience acquired in the co, .^.er region of the south shore ; and any plan which will effect this cannot fail to be most advantageous. In that region the lands were sold to mining explorers in small lots of IGO acres ; and some of the most productive mines there do not occupy a greater area than this. Whatever plan is adopted to secure a dividing-up of the lands, and the effectual exploration of the great areas belonging to the Company, I cannot doubt that the results will be such as will prove greatly remunerative, and build up at the loca- tions of the Company important mining industries. I therefore earnestly recommend that the Company should secure, at an early date next season, the services of skilled south-shore explorers and miners j and also attempt the work- ing on an adequate scale and with proper appliances, of the copper deposit at the so-called " Quebec Mine" on Michipi- coten Island, which, from the reports of the working by Mr. Fletcher, may be expected to yield a large margin for profit ; the proportion of native copper being estimated at two and a-half per cent, of the rock. The frequent and regular lines of steamers have now made this region readily accessible, and the time has come to make available this splendid domain of the Company. It will be 10 "eglected. "*"*"•?■"«« "^ "» mmer»l wealth, so long the .outhTho;, I InnoU Ib^rhafJlr 'T ^"" *» thieved. *^'®** '«'S"its may be Your obedient servant, T. STERRY HUNT. EXTRACTS FBOM THE ■■GliOLOGTOFCANADi_l883.. B. m wima, e. iom», li.d., r.»s., f!os neoiner north. The fonner is unproductive- but tho Utter, wh,ch .s six inches in width, contains sm^LssL „f vanegated copper and a little copper pyrites, in a g^^gue of . 11 quartz and calc-spar. About thirty yards farther to the' east 18 another vein, running north-east, and wider than the others. It IS very irregular in its width ; and it contains, besides the two ores just mentioned, a little native copper. At the place where it has been opened, one of the waUs of the vein is of amygdaloid, and the other of compact trap, indicating ap- parently a fault in the strata." " On the north side of the Bay, at Mamainse, a vein of calc spar, three or four feet wide, rises from the water, cutting the upturned strata, and after crossing a part of the location of the Montreal Mining Company, appears on the adjoining one be- longing to the Quebec Mining Company, where it was found by Mr Fletcher to contain sulphurets of copper in considerable quantity. On the north-west comer of this location, a vein of calc-spar rises from the shallow water of the lake, and is seen on the shore cutting an inclined band of conglomerate. This vein 18 described as containing argentiferous galena and copper pyntes. On the Meredith location, belonging to the Montreal Mming Company, three veins of calc-spar and laumontite, con- tained vanegated copper ore and galena. The lead from the latter yielded thirty ounces of silver to the ton. An open cutting, twenty feet long and four wide, supposed to have been made by early French explorers, was found upon this vein, near the lake; and when discovered a few years since the marks of the drills were still visible upon the rock. Other pits apparently of a similar origin, were found several hun- dred feet to the east of the cutting, on what appeared to be another small vein, in which no ore could be detected The beds of tufa in this vicinity sometimes contain native copper in fine grains, and in pieces an ounce in weight. At Mamainse also occurs the vein of uranium ore described on page 504 It 18 evident, from these abundant metalliferous indications, that this locality is deserving of further and careful exploration." " At Pointe aux Mines, eight miles to the nort;h of Mamainse Island, several interesting veins are met with, and trials of 12 some of them were made a few years since by the Quebec Mining Company. Ac the base of the point, according to Mr. Willson, a shaft has been sunk to the depth of seventy feet, on a small vein running east and west. Its gangue consists of calc-spar, with quartz and mica, containing small quantities of native copper with the yellow and variegated sulphurets, and occasionally small scales of native silver. About 120 fathoms north of this shaft, on the pathway leading to the miners' houses, are two parallel veins, from three to four feet wide, and four or five ya Is asunder. They exhibit, at the surface a large amount of gossan, with some green carbonate and vitreous copper ore. About half way down the point, and eighty fathoms from the water, at the foot of a bluff, occurs a vein, eight or ten inches wide, which contains a considerable proportion of vitreous copper ore, and zinc blende. Near to the end of the point, on the south si^e, a similar vein is found, which, in addition to blende and vitreous copper, contains smaU amounts of copper pyrites. The ore, which is unmixed with gangue, hangs from the west wall ; while an open space of four or five feet intervenes between it and the east or foot wall, which is at the level of the lake. It would seem pro- bable that this space was once filled with some vein-stone, which li«s been washed out by the waters of the lake. Some early miners, probably the French, had blasted out a con- siderable quantity of the ore from this vein; and about three tons of blende,* left by them, are said to have been found in the chasm." " On the nori;h side of the Pointe aux Mines, in Mica Bay, the quartzose gneiss is described by Mr. Willson as being overlaid successively by a bed of grey tufa, one of greenstone, and one of a reddish -brown tufa, all dipping to the nort;h at an angle of about fifty degrees. Between the greenstone and the underlying tufa, were found rich bunches of vitreous copper ore^seven or eight inches in thickness ; but on sinking to a * This ore after chemical examination proved tobe Learlv pure vitreous oopper which contains 80 per cent, of the metal. * 13 distance of ten fathoms, the ore was found sparingly diffused through a thickness of eight or ten {"(mt of the rock. A con- siderable sum of money was here expended by the Quebec Mining Company, and a quantity of rich ore obtained. Three shafts were sunk, and an adit was driven 200 feet ; but the working was fnially abandoned. The reddish tufa contains disseminated a small amount of native copi)er; but a shaft of seventy feet sunk in it, showed a quantity too small to be remunerative." " The island of JMichipicoten may be next noticed. On the north side of this island there is a considerable mass of green- stone and amygdaloid interstratilied with sandstones, the whole dipping eastvvardly. Towards the west end of the island, the rocks present alow surface for a breadth of four-^or five hundred feet, and then rise into a cliff two or three hun- dred feet in height, in w^hich the greenstone is marked by druses containing analcime and quartz. A soft amygdaloidal bed holding native copper, is traceable for some miles along the shore, sometimes beneath the surface of the water in the bays, and again running a little distance iidand. In this bed, in the North Bay, an attempt was made, a few years since, to work a remarkable deposit of native copper and silver, which were found disseminated in grains through a green hydrous silicate of nickel. The ore being stamped, the nickel, whose value was not suspected, was washed away from the residue of native metals, which gave, in one trial, twelve parts of silver and eighty-eight of copper. A shaft was sunk here to a de[>th of fseventy feet ; but after a considerable outlay the working was abandoned. Nothing very defim'te is known as to the mode of occurrence of this curious metallic deposit, which is stated, however, to have been associated with calc-spar. From the same mine were said to be obtained the specimans of mingled arseniurets of nickel and copper, which, with the preceding nickeliferous ore, are noticed on page 506, and again on page 737. At a point near the west end of the island, and about seven miles from the working just mentioned, the cupri- u ferous stratum again appears, and fragments of the native metal are scattered along the shore. Mining operations on a small scale were undertaken hero ten years since bv ihe Quebec Minmg Company; and a shaft was sunk at a ht.il, distance from the shore by which the coppor-bearing bee geological charackristics of the vems there fouml, the following fuels arc stated: v,fr.„r"' '""'' '"''''"™''' '"•« dis^TninatoJ masses of vitreous copper uceompauied with silver. TI.ese vei„s vanously modified, ca„ be traced ,o the westward" [through aver wiit .'"•'> ""'' r""'^''"* """™ ^"PP"'- ™'J "^'ti™ EXTBACTS FROM LETTERS. Br Ma. J. L. WILLSON, Supt. Q. <^ L. S. M. A. ,, ,,. ,. . Ootario, 2Ut July, 18.39. M.chip.coten Mine will turn out much more valuable than I ever beheved .t could. It is in the volcanic ash. There is a band of the volcanic ash at JIamainse "* " Sin„ T 1, V. Ont^i'io, Uth December, 1860. bince I have been engaged in examining and reporting coCintdTtr" T """ ''"'"' "^^"'^e Superior am convinced all the explorations on our side have been witliout Thet;St:„l',""T.*'''""™''''''"=^^ dislocatt r T ' ' '""'" """''' '■"^ "■"'' ™'»^ (veins of dislocation). It „ow appears that the native copper is in the vo Icamc „sh, which forms belts of rock parallel to'Ie ra g vein. 0, hrnikage cutting these at an angle contain the ^rge 19 "Last summer Mr Fletcher shipped to the smelting works at the Bruce M,ne.s nil the ore t.keu from the trial-shurt suuk bv me ou M.ciupu.oteu Lslau.l, without eveu hanmu.vdressin.. 1 was to d by a nnner from the Bruce that it turi.ed out a We quantity of copper." P® By Mr. H. K. FLETCHER, M.E. BuucE Mine, 1st December, 1S60 "I tooK away about 45 tons of stufj' from Michipicoten about hal of which I have sn.elted. The result his been very sa isfactory . It was undressed and yielded of fine copper about three per cent." ^ ^ Bkuce Mine, 25th August, 1861 "I have just refined and packed for shipping by to-day's boat the first small lot of stuff from this yeLs^rrki' g, 1 Mich,picoten sland. I smelted it as it was, hand-dressed n der to be able to make a report on the subject. It turned out, hand-dressed, seven and an eighth per cent." EXTEACTS FKOM EEPORT Br THOMAS WALLIS HEREICK, Esq, P. L.S, ON MAMAINSE LOCATION. Mr Berrick describes minutely not less than itventy-one metani- L.S.M.A. Ofoneofthcse(,No.3)hesays: h j'h?"/f ', ""T '"' "'" ™'^ "^ " <="«■' "•'«•■* 15 feet in he,ght, of dark colored trap. It averages 'aboat two fee " width, and carnes a considerable quantity of the sulphuret If copper, together with copper-glance in green epido e „d quartz. A coating of cobalt-bloom, (the LniateTftba 1) «/ ktmM on most of the sped as tnken out. The ore, judg- ing from ib rich color arul -n.aess, probably contains a larger than or.i'inary percentage of copper, for ore of its kind. This vein is »v|j(,u/ >00 feet outside the Cuf nany's hmd," [j e. on the property of t, ,e Q. & L. S. M. A.] '' and runs in a direction nearly parallel with their northern boundary. Tiie speci- mens sent down were taken off the surface by myself in a couple of hours with a small pick. To this vein I would dn-ect attention, as being worthy of further exploration, not only with a view to the ores of copper, but to the chance that the more valuable ores of cobalt may be found in the lode." "In conclusion I may remark, that I have seen no location on the north shore of Lake Superior where copper is so widely distributed as it appears to be on the Cape Mamainse loca- I m, and feel convinced that a moderate outlay of capital expended in proving some of these veins would yield a rich return." QUEBEC & LAKE SUPERIOR MINING ASSOCIATION. LETTER FROM DR. T. STEURY HUNT. Boston, Mass., Jaii. 25M, 187G. W. W. STUART, Esy., Phes't. Q. & L. S. M. A. Dear Sir,-I have carefully looked over your lute pamphh-t containing notices of the mining lands of thr Quebe*- an.l Lake Superior Mining Association, including extracts from the ''Geology of Canada," all of which are correct and authentic. I am glad to re-affirm the favorable opinion re- garding these lands expressed by me in my extended Report to the Association in Sept., 1872, and also in my condensed Report of 6th December, 1872, (which is printed in the pamphlet). The studies which I have since that time made of the similar region of the south shore of Lake Superior, and of the results there obtained in mining, leave no doubt in my mind that an intelligent working of your own extensive properties, will lead to the development of important mines of native copper. The operations many years since at the Quebec Mine, on the west side of Michipicoten Island, showed a large deposit of rock unusually rich in this metal ; and I feel confident that its re-opening with the knowledge and the skill of the present day, wiU prove very satisfactory. I hope that your attention will also be turned to the old mine on the north side of the same island, where were obtained the remarkable ores of nickel with native silver, described and analyzed by me many years since. Wishing you in your enterprise all that success which your zeal and your practical skUl so well deserve, I remain, my dear Sir, Very faithfully yours, T. STERRY HUNT.