GjHM Microfiche Series ' (Monbgraphs) § \. r ill jCMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) ■ ■?/ *, V t o n ,0 ci Canadian Instituta for Hiatorical Microraproductions / Inatftiit Canadian da microraproductfont historiquiM / t i' V ■ I / 1 - >' ■»;' ' 1 ' 1 '"a f r 1 ' \ * #. ► f ■■• ■ * ■■•■■; [ • '■■•■■■ •■ • ■ :;:::•> ; ". , ■ ■■!■ ^ ■ s; ' »■■ Ttehnical and BMMotrajphie NotM / NotM ttcliniquM t MMioftraphiquM TIN Imtitut* hM attmiibtMl fb obtain Hm bMt orlflMl . copy avaHabIt fw filinin«. 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Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filmtoig/ il se peut que certaines pagas blanches ajouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissant daiM la texte,' ,mais. lorsque cala dtait pmsiMe. ces pages n'ont pas et4 filmtes. • L'lnstitirt a MtcfofitanA la maMeur exemplalra 4u*il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details da cat exemplaire qui sont peut4tre unique s du point de «ue MbUogreq^ique. qui peuvent modifier une knaga reprbduite. ou qui peuvent exigar una modification dans la m * thode normale de fiknaga sont kNliqu4s - .ei-dess6us.; "* r^ CokNired peges/ L_J -Pages da couleur QPagasvdamagad/ PfegM endommagees □ NgM restored andMr lamkiatad/ Pkges restauries at/ou peNicuMes E Pages discokNired. stakied or foxed/ PMn dtookkrfas. tachaties o □ Peges detached/ Pages Mtaehtas HShowthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Queliti ihAgale da I'impression □ Continuous pegination/ Pagination (Bontinue .Includes indexKes)/ Comprend un (des) index Titkt on heeder tiken from: / I Le titre de I'en-tlte provient: Title pega of issue/ Page die titre tie la livraison Captipihif issue/ Titr(| de dipart da la livraison Mafthead/ Gtoerkiue (pirkxliques) de le livreison Y %' AdditMinal comments:/ Commentaires supplimantaires: . ;f his ittm is filmed et the reductkNi ratio checked bekwv/ ' /Ce document est film* au taux da rMuction indiquA cinlessoin. -40«- n ^»4*- ^•3^ 5 IfX 20X f7 V -J ^ex^ ^307r 2#x 28X 22X ^mst^M ^TJIBS IIm oopy ftlmMl hw hat b—n raproduovd thanks t» tha eanarasity of: MotropoM tin Toronto Rafaranct Library Baldwin' Room • ■,-,..-> ■■■■■■■-.' ' '■ ' ■ ■' ThalmaoM appaarino hara ira tha batt quaHty poasibia aonsMaring tha oondttion and lagibllity of tha ortginal oopy and In kaaping with tha -. flUnlno eontraot tpaalf loatlont. Original ooplat In printad papar eovart ara fllmad baglnning with tha front oovar and ahdihg on tha last paga with a printad orilluatratad Imprat- aton, or tha back oOvar whan approprlata. All othir original eoplaa ara fllmad baglnning on tha firat paga with a printad or lllustratad Impras- slon, and anding on tha last paga with a printad or llluatratad Imprasalon. Tha last raeordadsframa on aach mlcrOficha ahall eontain tha symbol •*-<► (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha tymbol V Imaaulno 'IND'I. whiohavarappllas. • L'axamplalra fllm4 fut raprodult griea A la ginOrbalt* da: Mapa. plataa. chaKa. ate, may ba fllmad at ' diffarant radoetlon ratios. Thosa too lOrga to ba ahtlraly Ineludad In ona axposura ara filmad baglnning in tha uppar laft hand eornar, left to right and top to bottom, as many f ramas as raqoirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: ,1'. 2 '.■ '3'',: ^ca Library Ma t ropo 1 1 ta;i Toron to R< .^■' . : Baldwif) Ro0m .. Las Imagaa aolyantaa ont 4t« roproduttaa avao la • plua grand aoln, oompta rirnu da la ebndltiOn at da la nattatir da raxamplalra film*, at •n eonf ornifti avao laa oondltlona du oontrat da fllma0a/ , ■■'.',-•'■ ''■■■-■;.-.■ Laa axarviplalraa origlnauK dont la eoovwrtura ah papiar ast lmprim«a»lbnt fllmOa an oori«man9ant par la pramlar plat ai^ •n tarminant salt par la darnlAra paga qui oomporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'lllustration. solt par la sacortd plat, salon la oas. Tous las autraa axamplairas . origlnaux sont f llmto an oommanoant par la praml*ra paga qui oomporto una amprainta " d'Imprassion ou d'lllustratlon ot an*tarmlnant par la darnlAra paga qui oomporto uno tollo amprainta. Unr das synbolai suhrants fpparaftra sur la ~— ^ darniira Imaga da chaqua miorofieha. salon la . . oas: la symbols --^ signlfia "A SUfVBt" ' la symbolay signifia "PIN", Laa oartaa, planohaa, tablaauxl ato., pauvant l^tra^ filmte A das taux da rAduotion diff«rants. Lorsqua la documant ast Crop grand pour Atra raprodult •n un saul ollohA, 11 ast filmA A partir do I'angia aupAriaur gaucha. da g'aucha A droita, at da haut aa baa, an pranaoMa nombra d'irMigas nAcassalra. Las diagrammdt sulvants llluatrant \m mAthoda. ^ - ■ *.- .■ ■ -..y ■:■■.: ■ ■: ■ ■■■' ■**.' i 5 6 MKMWorv mbumoN mr chakt (ANSI ami ISO TEST CHAKt No. 7) ^ '. », ^ ."» 1.0 IJ 1.25 ■tt 1^ 12.2 u 1^ 2.0 1.8 I 11^ I 1.6 ^ /IPPLED WVHGE Inc I6S3 Eotl 4Mn StrMt Roehmtcr. Nnr Yofk I4«et USA (716) 482 -0300- PhonT^ "** , (7I«) 288 - 9989 - Fan / If/. ■'• ' '1 « \ i/ / ■*V, w ,\ \ \ \ \ • « -^ rr.T. fe: ^■: / \ b\eport HALIFAX WATER WORKS, ' K *1 BY JAMES LAURIB, C. B I* V'N "^ i n ww p^ i i ii i rt ft. '^,- *!»>,*^»-^'.k'*1 V y .HiJ** ^.-i^iiMi^gfe'^ ' '^ '•!" ..^^ ^-^ OFFICE OF CITY CLERK. '•I ■ ■ - Hautax, 16tu NoVR., 1860. The following Report of Mr. Laurib, rolativo to a moro abundutt •upply of Water, is published for the information of citizens. By order of the City Council, ' §-'■ ' ■ '^ J6hn L. CRA00^Qiitj:i2i§fl. _ i NEW rORK, May 15tb, 1860. ' Su, — J. have now thet honor to submit the following Reports on the eeveral plans proposed for increasing tUe Water Supply •f the City of H;ilifax. Very respectfully, I am, Sir, Your most obedient servant, JAMES LAURIE, O.E. IlKRar E. PueaLKT, Esq.' Cimirman of Water CommiUoe, &c. REPORT: In 1^, James B. Unfaeke, Esqr., and a few other public spirited geiMlemen succeed- ed in organizing a comJMiny for the purpose •f introducing Water into the City of Hali- tax by nneans of Iron pipes from Long Lake. Previous to thiathe city was dependent on wells and cisterns for water, both fordo- mestieuseaod for extinguishing fires. The well water wasliard and of indifferent qua- lity, particularly in the lower portion of the city, where it had become coiitaminated by. infiltration from the drainage above. . The preliminary surveys were made, by Charles P. Fairbanks. C. E. ; and John R Jervis, Eaq.^ of New York, was afterwards consulted. The plan recommended was to sonstrnot a dam aeroaa the outlet of Long irreeted t» 3-10 feec fthpf th» the Bor- Lake, to connect its waters by means of a canal with the Chain Lakes, and to lay a twelve inch pipe from the outlet of the lat- ter to a Reservoir, on Camp IIUI, in the ehy of llalifax. The reservoir proposed had a capacity of five million gallons. The elevation of Long jT " the datum of city level above medium low tide. , mains to St.Andrew'i thern end of Camp Hilli is 3 iS6-100 milea. MV. Jervis' eatimnie of cost, ei(olusivo of land damages, and distribution within the city, was $120,000. This plan witb the ex- reption of the reservoir was carried out ip 1846 and 1847, the wSter being first intio-' duced in the latter yaar. Mr. Jervis estimated that without allow- pulation there would years, be 1500 water mefa 200 gallons, or la gallons ner day. In- required for the abip- factories, extinguishing ted that 300,000 gallona ing for increase of in the course of fiv tenants consuming the aggregate 300,1 cluding.tne supply ping, troops, man fires &c. he estimi more , would be usefully consumed. Hie twj»lve inch main le estimated as eapableof delivering 700,00C gallons per day. Tha completion of the works gave gbnenlia- tisfaction fbr a nuinber of years, but as tha number of water takers, and the eonsamp-. tion increased, complaints were made of he supply ; and in 1854 f 15 inches diameter the insufficienry of i an additional nnain was laid down. The distributioh 13ineb pip<^ ; one made througb two ■ing to thaoofthof i -bJI i'- '' ^-"x Clladal Hill, fhltowinv Coirawcll Htr*i«t to nfipoaha lh« Norlli linrrnrkii, VHngo inrhKlinir the miiina rroni Chiiin linkea, ia I l(),7'.H) feet or 31 milea, naarPy The pre- aent (liHtriliiiting iiipon are (nwwA iMrely Miiinoicnt lo Riipply wnl«r for «ioni»arir piir- poaca, and i>r« tolnlly irjidequaln for nflord- ing aufficinnt qnnntily for extingiiiHhing firra. The ordinary draught throuKh th^iii ia ao gri'nt that no koliabln efltiClive head ia to be olttaiued. If at tha ronimencoinf*nt of a fire tht-ra ahould l*« aome head at a fire- plug, aa soon oa it haa heen in operation for a tihort time it not only loaea ita force hut •ffeeta all othera in the vicinity. The preaent inuina by the ordinary rulea o( calculation aro capable of delivering at Ht. Andrewa' Croaa about two million of gallona in twenty-four houra ; but the diatri- hution lieing made through two 13-inch |M pea, I he amount pasaing into the city at aiiy one time probably doea not exceed the rale of on* and n half ^nlllion gallona per day. The mnina have now a ciipacitv f quel to aupplying an additional U-inch diatribu- tion pipe. Dy the preaent plan the ei^ea of the pipea Are reduced tooauddonly, ao that aufllcient water doea n.ot i^t down to the lower parta of the city. Thf moat eiferiive head \n in the upper atreeiH, Aihermarle, nnd'CruAon, where from their vicinity to lire maina nnd a aix incli diHtribiiting pipe, a head ia main- tained ulthou|u;h the ground ta elevated 100 feet al>ove tide, while lower down with nir increased actual head, the force of the wa- ter ia almost entirely loat. The entire worka, like many orheis com- menced almut the same period, were plan- ned on too limited a acole to be permanent-. Ijr available for fire purpoaea by ihe uae of (he lo'dranta nnd fire hoae only. The niian- tity of water required, 6r at ieuat uaed, for ordinary purpoaes, wlien introduced into houaea, waa miirli under-estimated. This baa been found to lie tfie caae ulmoet every- where. In Boston, New York, ond Phila- delphia, -when water was firat intrbduced an cfTeetive head was obtained, but thia as the consutnptioo ihereased wm lost, or so ma- terially reduced la not tQ be eveilable. The ' aame haaliMin tha reiiuh in Ifnliflti, and th«i d««h aug • geUrd. Mr. fl J. Loiignril propoms lo bring walpr from Ihe llircli Cove Lakea, which have an elevation nCZKi fert above litle, or \Xt feat hitfher than Long Lake— lo a reaervnir on Hhnfllroiira Hill ; and from ihia rnaervoir he I roposea to condiici th« water. !iy three ntnlna of 15 inchua dinmntfr to dltli)r«)nt aer • liona ol the city, nnd to be uaed for fire and city purpoaea only. I'ho tfreater cli>vntion of the Hin-h (^ove l^akea ia Ihe iirincipal advniilage citiiined lor titia plan. Miinh of thia advantage how- ever wouhl lie loat in overcoming ihe Iric- lion in the pipea on the greuter diaiaiiee the water haa to be brought. By the preaoiii main from Chain Lnkeing 51 milei* — the loM of head will Im) .'(5 feel, and calling the clevniioii of the Lakeh when ruitfed by a dnin, 343 feet, will leave 187 feet aa Ihe *ef- IVctive heod, or only 13 feet more than Iroiii the Chain Lakea. But tliia ii not Air. Longord'a plan. , He piopo^en to deliver ttie water in o reservoir on BlmfTroih'ii Hill, in this fB8e by laving the pipe with a duacent of three feet pt;r mile, it will dlaclior;re about ot e half the qiutiitity it would at ten fei){< which however would atill be sufficient to maininin a head, in a 1 irge reservoir, fur fire purposea. The loss of head on the four milea Iron theaLukea to the rejiervoir would Ih) 12 feet ; and from the reaervoir to iji. Audrew'a Croaa, aeauming that the diaclmrgo 'jtiould Ite equoi to aupidying ten jets, each ihrowing one hundred gallons per minute, ilic lo88 would be 18 feet when the reservoir ia full ; hui it would be proper to allow ot its being drawn down 8 feet-— iraking 38 feet loaa in all, which would leave SM)4 feet at the effective head at i:^ Andrew's Oroes —being 89 feet higher than by. ihe present pipes from the Chsiir Lakes. Should the bize of the main however from C'hain Lakes be increased to 34 inches, as is propoead, there would be asain of 8 or 9 feet of effoc- tive bead on lb«t line— making th* ultioiete i •1 ' - i ■ 'i ■\ diAirancM bfliwtnn th« two MureM about iwriily fnull "^ TliM nbjifi;tiatia lu Mr. iMngttrti'B plan arc Mvernl : lat. It wi I nnl iltilivar itiM wMnr aiifllniant- U hl(il( to lia eflDclife for (irn piir|KMMa in liM uniHir iinrfaorthMcitv-^-llia only iMirlloil nn wiiicli aiiflii-ioiii Ii«miI «niiiiot btf obtaiiiail Iroin LoiiK l.iik)<. 'iiitl. Ii will n fective without interfering with the ordinary kupply, a ijew pipe would have to be laid i'rom the Lake to 8t. Andre wa* Croaa, or to wberever the ateum power ia applied. A, pipe eighteen inchea diameter on the line , of the prekent main* will discharge auflli- cient wnt6r, af\er allowing one-third for leakage and waate at the fire-pluga, to aup- ply ten jeni throwing one hundred gal!«na per ininuuB each. That effective heittt could be obtained by this plan there ia iio doubt, .but there are ■uihe prwRtical objectioiu to it of a ■erious nature. There would b« mOre or leas delay in getting tho ateam up and preaaure on the pipes after an alarm was given, oud the fire meanwhile might get under such headway as to be difficult to get under. One bucket of watefl at tb« comaMnceineut of a fire is T^Tv.V" worth thousands of gallona aAar if has got undtir way. It ia true Aldiir)n«n Ptigalev's •cliamn provldoa for a tnlagrapli to Ibn F.n- gine llouae.and oonteinplatra alwayak^ao- tug steam in tbs h«iUsra, but, unavoidabW deiaya would occur in commuuicating with the telegraph atation and in getting lbs Rn- gine in motion. . The water would leak or drain ouTof the pipna, and il oiire empty it wonld Iw nacas* aary to open the anvcnd blowolfa to lat the nir'iiarape biilore thoy could Ih) filled aKaio> Jl'u fill the proaunt pipea from the Lak^a re» quirca fnini two to two ond a half hours with tiM) blowcocka oiien, and il they wer« not opened it would prolHibly rif quire ■ whole day. On the other band if the |>i|MW were kept rnti during the cold of winter, wiihont a continuous current pnaaing through tbnni, the water would tie liable to frenz*). The only aale plan would h« to provide for anch leakage and current by coiitinuouN pumping — Uut Ihia again would adg into a reservoir on HhafTroth's Hill, will l>e pruaeuted, hav- ing refereiice to supplying the upper pans of t|ie city, and which could ulao lie used to giveadditioiial head in oases of fire. Other plans hnVe been suggested, having reference to increasing the general supply for domestic use as well as for extinguishing fires, biit before discussing them it will be proper to determiiia the quantity of water that will be required, or advisable to intro- duce, keeping in view 911 incroase of popu- lation and extension of the city. It has ever been found that where pl«sss are poorly supplied with water and each in- dividual lumily are put to labour or ex|>eiise in proeuring it, the quantity consumed is comparatively siiiall, but where the supply is abundant and the convenience of having it id tb« boiiseaexist-Hhe consumption, and w I- t; 11 J, . mor* miMeially ih« wMt*, la larnly in- In Frnne* whcra much nrih* water uaadi t« |irorurn<| Troiii public tiydranla anil foun- lain*, fivn irallon* |i«r day liava Uan d««ro- • t.r"'P'"*"'***"j'*"PM'y fi*r ona |Mraon. \ InMhikurRhuiidar ihfl old a«rvira wliara niatarna w«ra iiecDMHiry. tw«lv« Knilona wara found Mufficjant, wliiia undar lh« iiaw and •iilargnd workii, 'iS to 30 Kullona are ua«d. In London Ilia praaent ronaumplion la aati- '»•«««'•« 35 i«llona for eaeh individual. In the Hiatea, whrro aqueduota ha«« tiaan IntnNiuead Into ciiiaa, and ilio auiiply of 7"" '■ ••»un«lnnt tho conaumpilon hae doubled or trebled o»ar tbe quantiiiea for- merhr conaumed or eatinnated. lloalon when indiflerenily aupplied was «)iiiiinnt«d ni *i8| Sillona tier bead ofibe |H>pulaiion, and aince e Cocbltuate worka were cuinpkli«d ibe •otual conaumption baa cone up to 75 gal- lona par head. New Vork conaumea at the rata ol 50 gallona per head lieinfr nil that the worka will at praaent Airniah. Philndelpliia H" oify l'">Mn»«d •moderate conaump- tion, 35 to 40 gallona i>er head, although water ia there more freely uaed, for utelbl Surpoaea, than in any other city of the union, hia la perhapa nmfiily due to their having to ■ large exti)nt a aurlace drainage where water running to waate cab readily U traced to i{aaouroe. The danger niao of the water Ireejting in the pipea la lea* (ban iu more oorthero ciliea. Boaton ond New York, like lialifnx. haw •n underground aeverage where it ia diffi- cult lo diacover and remedy the evil of waate. The preaent population of Halifax ia gene- rally coin|iuted al 30,000. In any expendi- turelor water worka however, which are meant to be of a |Mrmanet)t character provi- aion abould vbe made lor an inoreaae, and 1 will aaauineUhat the aupply oMglif to bo equal to furniahiiig a population of (iO.OOO. Aa to the conaumption per head— were lio water wrorka in operation a lower figure could be adopted than the reaulta of the pre- wnt worka indicate aa neceaaa^. In llaii- MX like other placea where there la an abun- dant supply, there ia extravagant waste, especially during the winter, when almost •very tap, bydrnnt and fire-plug is allowed to run both day and night. Probably more than one ba|f ofthe water brought into the . elty during the whiter ia wasted in this way ; and baa given riae to the impreaaion that tliere must b? underground leaks from the pipes. It would lie |ioasible for aueh leaks to exist without showing on the siirfseeas tb« pipes 9n laid to • eonsiderable extent in roek trenehas i but I do not think It i« nAccaaarv to apeculaie or aoareb for other reaoona for the great conaumption than lh« admitted fiici of allowing the tape to run. Thia baa become ao much llie cuatom and prarticv, «nd to ooma exinni |Mirlia|Mi i« necoasarylu prevent the wninr from frMfiIng in the pipe*, in a climate wlierit aliiioHt every winmr tlioro are a«iv«rnl dayn with ihe ther- momoler 5 or 10 dngreea lielow xero, thai any attempt by riilea or regulaiiona to pre* vent it will not IweflectuaK All thot can b« dune ia to reduce it by demonstrating to th« Water takera that a very email alraam Indeed ia siifBcinnt to prevent the water' from (Veexing, and I may here menii'iu that an experiment waa made la«l winter by Mr. Muir the superintetident of the worka, on the hydrant in Blowers Btreei^etwerii Har- rington and (Jranville. In thia hydrants bole was drilled at the bottom ofthe aland* pipe, about the aixe of a' common-darning n«edlr,anil.allowed to run during the winter. No trouble woa experienced ; while aeveral othera whnre muck larger streams were or- dinarily allowed to run to waate, got fhnen up. 1 have no doubt that, by attaching a amill but auiBcituit waate to all hydrants and tape and, allowing none other to be used would efleet a great aaving of water. In other oiiiea the waate ia an annual to- pic of comiildtnt, but ao fnr no effectual meana have beeh diacovered ofpreventing it. W« have seen that the quantity paoaing into the city is equal to 1| millions of gal- lons daily, and oa there are only about 900 water tenanta on the booka of the Water Company, th« conaumption averages 1600 gallona per tenant ; but as the Barraeks, Navy Yard, and City, count aa single ten- ants, and a large iiopulution ia aupplied from tl|« free hydrauta, I auppoae the fol- lowing may approximate to the populaliua •ctually uaing the water— 899 waterlenants, allowing 8 iadi- viduala to a family, 36 free hydrants, supplying ten families each, Barracks and Navy Yard, - Steam Enginea, Perry boats, and Shipping, equal to City use, watering- streets, waste from Fire plugs, &c. 7.136 3,880 3,000 4,000 3,500 19,5ie Say 30,000, omsuming 11 million gallons daily is equal to 75 gallons per head of the population using the water ; and, asthe Isn- dency everywhere iatoan increaaed con- iumplioo I will aaNim* that tht imircet of :sd3tSsW^Sb ,;*^r not ihink It i« larcli for oth«r lion ilian lh« I laps to run. M custom and ( |iflrlia|ia ia IroiM rr««iing laliiioMt ovary villi ihfl ther* low xero, thai iliona to pra- kllthat can h* iiratiiiff to iha ilraain liulaotl Water' froiq iiii'iu that an nutnr by Mr. llie worKH. on b«tw«rii llor- Ilia hydrant • oftjio aland- imoii-ilarning ng ilio wiiitar. wliilo aoveral mma were or> le, got ftvien »y tiitaching a liydrnnta and r to be uaed water. n innual lo- no effectual preventing it. ntiiy paaaing Iliona ofgal- ily about 900 r the Water krerngea 1600 lie Barraeka, la aingle ten- ia Hupplied ipoae the feU io populalioa 19,519 IHion gallon* ' head of Ui« id, aatha ten- erehaed- con- be (MNircet of J- ■apply, and iha eatMeliy of the nipea ahoald Im a(|niri in fiirnlahlng a population ernO.OOO «vtlh Kl I 3 gallona per head, or S million C iliona daily. Tl-e ariual eonaumpiion will II abort orihia, aa the quantity ia haaad on Ik* maiimum diaeharga through the pipea, whilo during the night, ao long aa there la no dlaiributlng raaarvoir, they will not be taxed to their lull capacity. « The aeveral plana propoaad will be dla- •iiMwd in the (bllowing m^er— lat— Prom Long Lake. 9nd— From Birch Gov* LakM, ard— Diairihuiioo. 4th— High Service, Irom Ragged Lake. Sth— Do firom Long Lake,— pumping by atcam power. iMt—Rrom Long Lakt. In propoeing to Increaae tlie aupply It be- «pin«e important to enquire whether the preaeni aourcea are auflleient to Ajrniab the •dditional quaniltv. Lone Lake ie about two milea in length, by lAOO Teel in average width, and eonialne 350 «crea. The two Chain Lakee contain about 55 aerea. Mr. Hdaterman, the owner of the milla^n the ■ireani running from the Chain Lakea, la entitled to the natural flow of water from them, ao that Long Lake conatltutea the ■vailable reaervoir for atorage. The drainage are* or water-ehed, which Ibrma an important element in determining IM quantity of water that e«o be collected hi* never been determined ■• to LongLake. Did we know ihia, we kn«w from analagoua whole J that about four-tenthe of the fkll, or aay 15 inchea could be aafely calcu- lated upon, the balance going off by eva|io- ration and leakage ; but not having tbie data wo can arrive at approximate raaulta by other meanii A record baa been kept for two and • half ycenof the height of water in Long Lake, • eopy ol which ia given In the appendix to thia report ; Arom whicb It appeara^ by ealoulation, that th« water running to waat* during that period waa at leaat equal to 9S0O million gallona per ahnuiii. equal to • aupply ol fivo million calldna per day for SOOdaya.Tba rainfall dtirlng the period ibeobeenratiooawer* ma^e ie believed to have been about en average. Could title weter be atored then woMlabe no queetiou of the auflleiencir of the supply. The lake ciin be drawn down SI fiwt. In Ihls^enthii would fliraieh about SOO mil- Hoalir«ilctoh«tr Ut 34 inchee ; and in IMS Heiiiamber XInl 19 inchea. The greataei reduction in any one week of the aeveral yeara waa aa Ibllowa : Week ending Sept. 1 lib. IAS7, •* •• July 90th. IHM, •♦ " Aug. 19th. 18S0, > PIve Inehee in one week ie equivalenffll 51 million gallona per dav, while the whole quantity taken into the city did not probe- hly exceed 1| million tallone dailv. How much during theee weeke mav have beea allowed to run to waate fVom the outlet of Chain Lakee 1 have not the meana of deter- mieing. In 1655, 1 am informed, that Long Lake waa drawn down 3 feet Inchea. Thia li ' rapreaented aa having been a remarkabi* dry aeaaon, and it ia alao claimed that mueb water waa allowed to run to waate through the Chain Lake*. Should like eircumatan- eee occur again it la evident that with the inereaaed eonaumption contempUied- the Ereeent atorage capacity of the Like will not a auffloieut. By the original plan of the canal eonneet* Ing the Lakei^ It waa intended to be ao made aa 10 be able to draw the wtiter down seven firat, hut during the eenatniciion, fVom dill, eultiea eoeounterad by the contractor, the plan waa departed from, and the bottom of the wooden trunk which eonveya the water to the Chein Lakes ia only 5 feet 9 inches below the level of the yvaate wier, thia there- fora ia the extent to which Long Lake eaa at praaent be drawn down. To obuine greater depth for atorage it would be neeee. aary either to deepen the canal or to raise the dam fit the outlet of the Lake- Both plans era practicable and probably the? would not difflrr. miterially in coat. Ta deepen tBe eanal bowfver would neeesearilv^ interrupt the41ow of Water while the worfT was being executed. I estimate that the dam can be ralaed three feet at an expenaa of •5800. This would give an incraaaed eapa- eitv lo the Lake aea reservoir of about 90O million gallooa, or aixty daya aupply of flva roilllona,and would pkiee ita capacity beyoa4 question. Thia expenditura would not pre- bablf be required for eeveral years, or until the praaeni cooaumptioii isinaraaaed hytkf per cent. The exiating maina era eapable of au|»> plying about two ouUion of gallooa per d«f . ■ W", ?>. 1 ml i I 1 }: ■' ^ ■ ' l . ^^^*'' B i p| T»dUW«ril for wsnt of water, the whelo natural fl6w from the iakbtdnrihf thoanmmerand aa-. tomn woald,irgNiHigeinents wsra net iasdo> tatheeontrary,4hsfla|S|bo allowed topaas' down. Ifthis nwririin eaae, I do not think' then could be OalsallMd bo mora than fb«r feet fbr the irappfy of the eiqrt and whieh at the rsdueed water ana would not fomiah mora than 49 ^^a^ aapidy. Aa tbia woaM> be an inanflkient qnaniicy it would be oeeeo^ aaty to porahaaa tbo entira right to the wa- ter flowing firoan the Lakes, ^and jtoraibly alao to make storage reservotn m ons olr> two of |ho npper ones. Tbeoilraoranf tbo land and waser powat aak estravaaant prieea. T|i>t land ia of Mttlo iBtrinde vanio, that around audi including fhn hdtnn enuM not probably bs aoM for llAy />^. -■>- ■;:/■■ ■■■'^ ;■;■..■■-•: ::... 9. cents an oer* ; but ai it would imtncdintely acquire a »«lue ir required for a work ofthia kind, baaed on the amount that it iniKht be poaaible to obtain (or it, 1 Imve allowed $3 50 an acre lor 1000 arrfS, iuGlmliuK the Hirch Cove and otber lakes, which it may be found ndCPCBary eilhrr to iiurchaae or control in the flowaire. For the ri>.ht of way 1 allow #500 per mile on a distance of four milea, or $*2O0O. For com|ten«ation to mill owncrn ut Nine Mile House, ownera of land on the Hireum lor absiractluu of water, and for Duvia' Granite Quarry which would lie flooded by rai8in/( the lake, I allow $35,500. This is leas limn one half of the amount aaked, but I believe more than the proju-rty is worth, making,' in the nRgregute #40,000 lor laud and vomiienaatioH. The character of the wafer does not pro- bably dit1«r mntM-inlly from that of Lunx Lakeandthe Chain LiakeH. The dralnnKe area is of the same character, granite and wbinatone rocks coverinir the surface to a large extent. Tlie^ Birch Cove Lakes how- evisuinplion. The first district to embrace all of the city lying south of the line of Sackville Street. '1' he sccoinl, all between Sack vi lie and Jacoh Street. The third all below GoUengen, and between J acoli alul North Streets. The fourth diriJrict to include the high service— einbra- rifl^ll lying between Gutteiigen, Cogswell, KeHTpt Koadand Kichmon(l,alsotbeCitadil. Each of these districts contain e<|iiivttlent to firotii 700 to 800 houses, and a po|DUluti0a say i^U to?000. To each ot the first, second and third dis- tricts, [ jiropose to Iny down a 12 inch main, one on each side of Citadel Hill, to be con- nected through Grafton Street. Thei.'ther main to pass down Ciinurd to Gottengeli Street. Weri^ not the 12. inch pipe on hand 1 would prefer making these mains larger, so: as to let the whole volume of water down 011 the business portion of the. city. lUr- the plan proposed there will still besumniept water brought to St. Andrew's Cross to. 01 two additional 12 inch pipes ; one of w)^jh may be required for the high service att^di the other can be led td whichever district may first require an adt^ltional supply. \- In .th« business porti^u of the city 1 prop pose to lay down 9 in^ii pipes in the east and west streets, from the niuins in Graflqii Street to Granville Sjtreet ; and below this 8 inrhee-^the increased head, and the draught by the service )*i;ies allowiug_ot thj^ reduction. Tbrough Granville aotTWrmc^r Streets 1 propose 9 inch pi|>e8 for toe'|>lir« po^ of connecting tlie sunpty frofn tj^B several maii\|^and keepingjiipthe circulatloil and a unifbrm pressure.^ .' in arranging the pUii^l have kept invie^ to use the present pipes as far as praetiea- ble. Where larger ones are necessary th0 present to be t^n up and used in otlier parts of the ' . 1 he laying^ of 3 inch distribution pipi^, where firebugs ara required is questlonf- ble— tbey^iave generally been auandoiittil for city ,«se. In Boston nothing lest thfyi 4inchieA, and in New York aiidf BrooklyJi nothing less than 6 inches are used. Wra the ordinary draught on « 3 iuch ^m|,«k)Iv one stream in ease of fire cap be oi^taiBe^. If more than one fire-plug ia in iiae on tq« /./■ ; ':r, ''^$" M 10 mme line the effective head is ul most en tirely loat, wheraaB with Inrger pipes aeveral .'effective atreaina can he obtnineit. fire PlttKt. In the eatimate I liave allow- ed /or 107 additional fire pluxa, wliich together with the 43 now In use ninkea 150 in all— aufHcient to place one at every inter- •eelion of fltreeta..In Boaton and New York, aa a general rule. Ihey are placed 300 feet apart. When placed fai apart, the friction in the hose inntsrially dimiiiiahes the'ele- vation to which the water can ■ be thrown from a pipe. ' Stock Cacks.-^Aa I am not awaro of the poaition of the prcaont atop ooeka or of their number, I have not atttaipted to mark or carry out a system on the plan. Two objects should be held ht view. 1st, to place them BO that in emplying the mains for making, repairs or forming nowjconneotiuns, the con- sumers will be inconvenienced as little as , poasible, and 2nd., to siibdivide the city into convenient sections so that the vrater can be concentrated in the case of eztenaive firee. In ihe estimate I have allowed for 1 10 of different 'gins, in addition to the number at present in Me, By^Ting down the pipe of the iiae^ shown in the plan, fire engmea would seldom be taeeded below Gottingrai street — oertai^ly not 'unttt iHe popnlatiolk and consequent draught ifn die pipes had largely increased To meet ^Ihia inoreaied draught, it would he very de- jiirable to have a reservoir near St. Andrew's ^CroBB, to accumulate the water during the latter part of the day and at night when the consumption is the least. This reservoir may be dispensed With for some time, but as soon as the head Ix^ins to fail from increased con- Bumption, 1 would reca|imend that one be oonstmcted. ^ The small effective head that can be main- 'tainod above Gottingcn' street, after making ^illowanoe for friction in the pipes and hose, would render ■ fire miginea neoeesuj for this district nnlees a high service system is adopted. The distribution pipes cannot be made amaller in siae, and remain permanently effec- tive for extinguishing fires by use of the hose alone. To make them larger would be advan- 'tegeoos. The loss of head in conducting wateribrongh email pipes in sufficient volume for fir« purposes is vary great, and it is only thesarpIuB bevond the ordinary draught on thein that am be rendered effective. Toillus- tratethia: SuppoBe an indiiied pipe laid firom a reser- voir m 'the Qitadd down to the harbor, with the lower end of the pipe left open, the water would then pasB but with » valoqity due to the the whole force would he exerted in a line Grallel to the axis of the pipe ; there would no vorticla preesure. It would be precisely the same as water moving in an open canal where there is no pressure tending to elevate the eurfaoe. An open box would servo the mime piTrpos^as the pipe; and, if in place of the lower end of the pipe being left open, the water ia drawn off by numerous diverging pipes, as in the case of city distribution, the result wojild be the same — there would bie no vertical pressure. If, however, tin; end of tlie pipe should be partially closed, or the draught on the diverging pipes not bo sufficient to oari-y off the water as fast , as it comes down, there would then result a vertical pressure propor- tional to the difierenoe between the velocity due to the whole head and the velocity due to the actual discharge— the pressure being al- ways equal to the (effective) head, minus the height due to the velocity in the pipe. The following Table shews the loss of head in feet to overcome the friction in pipes of various diameters— one mile in length — to supply Jets throwing 100 gallons per minute. .3 S I r-l fee B 2 a. ' ►» "El a. J S oo 1 op >4o I S CI U3 O fa U5 CI «s Li) c: oi CO (•a o J S 1 fa >n 00 o d ■ oi >» r-^ ■^ eo CO 1-^ f- oo CO -^^ ►^ 4 00 US in. rH C4 ei<£3o.-Io c^. ^ 04 total hfladf'miQafl Aht^tiooof the pipe; .V'-V n The aboTe tabic ii oalteUtod fSram llughe'a RnglMh formula— « — 2.3 KJ ' Whew H— Head per mile in feet nooeseary to overcome friction. Whore K— Velocity in feet per eecond. Where D — Diamet?r of pipe in f^t. Thia formula comes nearer perhaps to prac- tical results than the more elaborate ones of Prony or Weisback, based to a large extent on eiperimental pipes, always more perfect than those laid for actual service. E$timate of cost fortnlaryingthe B'utrOnUion. l3,700 feet of old 13 inch pipe, re- iaid,.tf2 50. / $34,250 00 1,500 feet of new 12 inch pipe, at $2 50, ■ . 15,000 feet of now 9 inch pipe, at $1 50. 19,000 feet of new 6 inch pipe, at #1 00. 6,500 feet of old ftinoh pipe, re- laid, at «0o. IG^OOO feet of old 3 inch pipe, re^ laid, at 35c. 2,250 00 22,500 00 19,000 00 2,600 00 5,600 00 10 12-inoh stop cooks, at $75, $750 00 30 9-inch doM $00, 1,800 00 70 G-inch do at $35, 2,450 OO 107 fire-plugs and hy- drants, at $30, 3,210 00 Miscellaneous and con- tingent expenses. $86^ 00 -9,210 00 6,000 00 : $99,410 00 jVafe.— In place of relaying the 3 inch pipe, to lay down new 4 inch, would increase the cost about $7500. ^h. High Sirvfce. ' The following plans have been suggested for supplying the uppr part of the city, each booed on furaishing 600,000 gallons per day. let. Tobring water from Bagged Lake. 2nd . To pump water by steam power /rom near St. Andrew's Cross into a Beservoir on bhaffiroth's Hill. lit. From RaggedLakt. _>-^ f Bagged Lake lies 2i miles westerly m>m the ate^nse at Chain Lakes and contains about 00 acres. Ik is elevated 325i feet above tide. Its surplus waters now run to the west into Indian L^e and Nine Mile River, but by ex- cavating a canal of about 1600 feet in length eah be dischai^ed towards Halifax. Prom its lying near the summit level ofi]the country it has a limited' drainage area, ind will not supply the same quantity of water in propor- tion to its surfiice as Long and Chain Iakcs. The amount running from it March 7th. 1860, Wlien I examined it^^id not exceed 12(1 Qubio feet per minute, or about one-tenth of that running from Long Lake on the same day. — Should Its drainage area proyeTo be less than 700 acres, I would not consider it a reliable source to furnish the quantity required. There is also another feature connected with it which would require minute investi- Ktion. The water had, at the outlet of the ke, a perceptible stale taste — something like that first drawn from a w'ooden pun^ or oideistem. The shallow depth of a large portion of th« Lake, its muddy Dottom, the numerous island* in it covered with vegetation, and part of tha drainage coming from bo^, I think sufficiently, accounts for its present impure character. ' The same peculiarity of taste; I ^m informed, has been noticed in the Autumn, of the water from the Chain' Lakes, and the Water Com- Sany, to correct it, have been in the habit of rawing them down and allowing them to fill from Long Lake. The causes in both instan- ces are probably alike. The hot weather of summer promoting a rapid and extettsife de- composition of the vegetable matter on the borders and In the shoal portions of the Lakes. There are no cdrtstent streams running into Ragged Lake. Two small spridei were natiocfd along itsniargin, they appeared to be olear and excellent water. Probably by raising tbo surface 8 or 10 feet, which can be done at a* moderate cost, and clearing the margin, and the islands which will be submerged^ of vege- table matter, the.' vrater would be rendered eomparatively pure, and would Continue so unless drawn down so low in the summer or autumn as again to expose the shoal portion! to the deleterious action of the .sun. Tha quality of the water however is a point of so much importanceVl could not recommend thia source until it had been thoroughly examined and tried during the sumnier and autumn mpntha.;-:-' r--:-,:-r- -.^^t-- ---^-.— -.— ^-^^--^ - The works required will be as foUowa : A Dam at the outlet to raise the watw aar 10 feet. The proper outlet of the stream la confined between narrow banks, and can b« easily dammed, but there are several other places which will, require raising, probaUyIn all there will.be 7 t>r 800^t in length of em- bankment required, averaging 18 feat In height. A Canai will have to ly ent thtough tha ridge to drain the waters towards ChainJjkkea. This Canal will be about 1600 fiset in loigth, having ita bottom at tho lord of tjM pnawt ^ 12 ■urface of tlie Lake and wlH averftijo abi)ut 9 feet in depth, the srcatost depth being 10 tl-et. About ono-third of the distance ii through rock. It will bo very Bimilar in chaniotcr to *"• FSHJ'"' """''J connecting Long and Chain Pipe Chamber vill be required at the eaaterly end of the canal. From this I would lead a 12 inch pipe to the gate house at tiie outlet of the Chain Ukee. to bo there con- pectod with the presunt 15 inch main. Then from St. Andrews Cross the distribution would 00 made to the upper service by continuing a J2 inch maih across the common to Park •treet to be there connected with the service The head would be sufficient t J reach artd •upply the whole of the upper part of the city, also the Cibidel, which is at present do-\ pendeoit on Tank waiter. - Eatimate of Cqst of bringing Wator from Ragged Lake for High Clwlng, grubbing, and burning brimh and timber, 60 acres, at ^ $8. Dams and waste weir. Canal, Gate house and pipe chamber, 4atopoock8, at$75, 10,890 feet of 12 inch pipe from Ranted Lake to Gate House, at $2 60, 1800 feet of do. from St. Andrew's Cross to comer of Park and Canard Streets, at $2 00, lADd and compensation, Miacellaneoos and contingent ex- penses, $480 00 ,7,000 00 5,500 00 1,250 00 300 00 27,000 00 4.500 00 5,000 00 4,000 00 $55,030 00 DISTRIBCTIO.V. 2500 ft. of 9 inch pipe nr^^} ^*' «3,750 00 : : 8500 do. of 6 inch do. ,«Siii^' 8,500 00 12000 do. of 3 inch do. ^ relaid, 85, 4,200 00 Stopcocks, Ae., 800 00 20 Fire Plugs, at 30 00, 600 00 17,850 00 $72,880 00 2nd.— To pwhp water by steam power into « • resertfir on Shaffroth'sHiti. .^ qujjntijy to be jpumped 1 will assunA at^,000 gallons in 12 houta. This wiH be miOeimt to mipplja population of € or 7,000. aud jpnif idtt for iMkip ud waste. Th# pwl sent popiiliition that cannot be suprliod from Long Like, when the wofks are cnliirgoj, exclusive of the citadel, is less than 1,000 The most convenient' place to erect ptimp- mg apparatus wii; be near St. Andrew '» Cross, say at the point uiiirkod A on the phn, being contiguous to tlio mains and near wlioro the distribution pines branch off. The level of the ground at t]|b point is lOb foot. The distance thence to tlie top of Shnffroth's Hill IS 11 miles ; and the hill is elevated 249 feet alwvo tide. I will assume ' that the high water level of the reservoir is made 2.'».i lec- aboye tile, the bottom 240 feet, und the ca- pacity equal to three million gallons, requir- ing an average water area at 15 loot depth of iTi feet square. - ^ Hy constructing a small resorVoir to pump from, advantage can be taken of the head of \water in the mains, so that including the triction on the one and a half miles of rising pipe the resistance to be overcome will not ex^ a column of water 100 feet in height. 600,000 gallons 100 feet in twelve hours. This IS equal to raising 833J gallons per n"n»t6 ; and 833J m 100 (bet h 10 lbs. is equal to 833,333 pounds raised one foot high per minyte. To this must be added one-fifth for friction of pujBips and machinery, making 1,000;000 pounds raised one foot high per minute, which divided by 33,000 pounds, the standard for a horse power, gives 30^ horse power as the power required lor tlio engine, but to make ample allowance f<^ contingen- cies, say 35 horse power. / ■ In England the " Cornish/ Elngine." so called, is thi^t most usually preferred for- pumping ,^ater. It is, undoubtedly, thf most economical wliere a large quantity has t9 be rai8«id, but much of this sup'eriority is lost when constructed on- a small scale. In the Cornish engine the staam is out off at 1-10 to i of the stroke and allowed to expand tin the cylinder; and tb^ b6iler8, cylinders and pijpes are thoroughly protected to prevent joss of heat. Their Ifeft cost, from the in- creased size of the parts, including the fount datipn, is n^rly twice that of an ordinary ^ condensing engine, ai^d, font times that of a high prevure engine. In England some of them are reported as raiding nearly 1,000.000 pounds of water one foot high by the con- sumption 'of one pound of coal, but their avei^ge performance does not exceed two- thirds of this amount. The following table shows the duty of se- Tenl engines used in pumping watte, i^ueed to ponnds raised on^ foot high hy sumption of one pound of cool :•— -COD- iaBii ! ii,T^pppinppiiJip || ir 18 Ponnd* of mtor niMd i fboiby I ir>. ofoo»r. Euat London wfttcr works bihgle acting CoruiHh engine, 914,000 Do. til). Boulton . and Watt oondunaing, 416,000 Avorage duty ufCurniHR cnglripa, Wrown'B Ucportcr, 185r), 022,000 Belleville engine, Jersfv City Water W»rka, Coriiisti, " 628,233 Brooklyn engine, H X., 001,407 Hartford, Crunk, 014,426 Cambridge, double cylinder, 075,746 Spring Uardcn, Piiiludulnhia, Cornish, 689,953 Pittsburg water works, 1852, ^. high presHuro, 178,000 Detroit, high pruosuro, 155,000 In the following estimate I have allowed for a condensing engine of 35 horse power to do the regular work, and also allowwl for an auxiliary high pressure engine of tlie same power to bo in readiness in case of repairs being neccwuiry on tlie other. As ' the same amount ot duty cannot be performed by the pmall engine required for the Halifax works, UH with those of larger power, I will assume it at 400,000 lbs. ruiHed one foot high per lb. ofooal, equal to 600,000 gutltws i}[ 10 lbs. raised 100 toot with 1500 pounds ot coal. ESTIMATE OF CO^T of Pumping' by Steam Power into a Reservoir on Shaffroth's mil. Engine House and Goal Sheds-, Dwelling House for Kn<;ine men. Engine and Pumps, 35 liorse- E>wer, condentting, 35 do do nigh-presflure, inlet pipe, and reservoir tank, 7920 ieet of rising main, at $3 00 2000 do of return service main at $2 50 Six Stop Cocks, at $100 ' Reservoir on Shaffroth's Hill, including land, capacity three million gallons, $6000 00 1500 00 8500 00 4500 00 1000 00 23^700 00 6,000 00 600 00 10,000 00 $60,860 00 Wear aiid tear of u*' ohinery add build- ' ingn, 400 00 CoAi-, 150O pounds pc^ day will amount in 365 days, to 245 tons, but KS the full power * of the Engine wilt not be required for many Tears, I will allow 2-3 or 163 1-3 tons, (equal to rais- ing 400,000 gallons per day) at $4 50 - per ton, 735 00 . .. . $2288 75 And ^H8 75 is equal to the interest at six per cent! on acttpitalof Add distribution, as per esti- mate, for Hugged Lake, 3»,i46 OO 99,006 00 . 17,850 00 $116,850 Oft \ M Cost of Working ^Engii^ One Engine Worker, . 7 366(by8,at$l 75, $638 75 One Firemati, 365 days, at'$l,. 365 00 Oil, Tallow, and Cot- ton waiter 160 00 Another pjan has 8ug<>sted itself since I ex- amined the ground. It is to ttike advantage of the stream running from the Chain Lakes to supply Hostermairs Mills, and pump up water into a sbind pipe, from whioh, by gra- vitation, it would be discbi^rgcd into a Reser- voir on Shaffroth's Hill. At the time \ ex- amined the Chain Lakes there were frota^ 400 to 500 cubic feet per minute of Water running from them. This, with an overnshot pitch back water wheel of 24 feet diameter and 6 feet bucket, would b^ sufBciont to raise 5 to 600,000 gallons per day to the height of 100 feet, about 7i gallons being required on the wheel to r^iso oi(&.gaIlott to the top of tlie stand pipe. <;• , It is probable, however, that there would be a scarcity of water during the suminer mo^nths, but which,, possibly, could be sup- ?>lidd by raising the Long Lake.. For every botLon^ Lake is raised it will store about 100 millibii of gallons, which is suffioiwii to rai8« 36,500 gallons per day, 100 feet bigb, for twelyo months. The first cost of tbe wprfal on this plan would not probably vary much fromptinipiag ■by steam, but the annual expoaditure womm be considerably r«daeed, and tiioe wonld %e no question as to tbe quality of tba nater. Tbe priMticability of tbe plan depends on the amount of water nmninK fifom tha Chain jUtkes in a dry time, which I hava not anfli- otent data to determine. u ^ CollMking the Mrersl Mtinwtea, the follow- ing Btktcmeai eihibiti the ooat on the Mvorul tlane, including the eum propoeed to be puid J the citj for the present water worka. FVom Long take. NfW 24 liioh main , and raieing Long Lake Dam, Diatribition, PurohMe of present water worktf (£52,800>, $70,07P 00 99,410 00 211,200 00 11380,080 00 From BircK Cove Lake*;^^.*^ Introducing water, (mains and ^//^ other works,) $290,690 00 Distribution, 99,410 00 Purehaseofpresent water works, 211,200 00 x-h' $001,300 00 Hijfh^'JSkrvici, ftom Ragged Lake, maiif»4Htd other works, ■ Distribution, v $55,030 00 17,850 00 ■•■> $72,880 00 Pumping hi/ Stemn P<^er. Buildings, Steam EngineSjmains and Reservoir, $60,860 00 Dlstaribution, i7,850 00 ..'•pital representing annual «- — t^- ^ pam of pumping, / 38,146 00 $116,856 00 Compaiiton of Plvne, \ The Birch Cove Lake scheme. With a re- MVToir on Shaffroth'sHill, has the kdvantage t^abodt twenty feet of additional head over the Long Lake, but would still be i^sMfGcient for the supply of the whole of the ubper part of the eity, either for domeetio use bf for 6re P^nxi'M : And looking at the great PiC^renoe m^oost, I think there con be bo doDn>t that to wuwKe the capacity of the protent works from long Lake is the most adviakble. From this jooroe, from the increased sise of the Dew mains and distribution pipes, the whole of the city can be supplied/by gravitation, lor domestic purposes, with the exception of the dktriot rying to the north and west of wrneh and Oreighton Streets. Tto supidy this distoict, and get eflbotive head for fire pnncMS above CtotUngea street, wUl require •^ high s ervi o e s yst e m, e ith e r by b r i n gi ng water flrom a higher source, or by pumping it into a reservoir. ' From Ragged Lake the head is suiBoiont without a reservoir, although thero would be some advantages gained by oonetructing one. The water would aceumulate during the n^ght, ind when there was a largo drausiit on the service pipefl, they would beaupplioabuth from the lake and the reservoir. In pumping the nteum i>ower to Shaffrotirs Hill, the high water level of the proposed reservoir will be 90.0 feet above the corner of Cogswell and Pkirk street; 90.2 feet above corner at Wm. A. BUoks; 57.7 feet above street in front of t)r. Snellings, and 12 feet above the sill of the entrance eateway to the citadel. Tojupply the oitadol during the hours of greaiat drnught, oisiems would be required to receive the water at the time of S limping. The reservoir cannot be pUced igher without great additional expense. .jThe high service could be used to give ad> diuonal lieod on the lower in cases oi fire, by haying one or more stop cocks to be opened- conneoting the two. ^he revenue to be derived from the present population that will not be supplied (rom LoW Lake, would scarcely warrant the ex- . penditure for the hi(h service for domestic purposes alone, but the increased facilities which vftfuld be afforded for extinguishing fires mav be an ohjeot. The revenue for the use of the water by V>o present population may be estimated thus : I 200 houses at $10, $2000 Citadel, "" ■ 1500 fw —$3500 While six per cent on the estimated cost, from Ragged Lake is $4372.80; and, by punpini;, $7011.36. Of course when the population sufSoiently increased the revenue would pay interest on cost. With respect to the advantages to Hbe deri- ved from introducingra more abundant supply of water into the citT, it is prhaps unneces- sary to my much. The recent fires, by which over $600,000 of prop^ty was destroyed, which a more effective supply would have ex- tinguished with comparative ease, have con- vinced every one that the present works are inadequate^ With the command of water proposed to be introduced, ex'ensive fires would be rendered almost impossible, and the present high ratea of insurance woilld be re^ duoed. It is estimated that the extra insu- rance paid on {woperty in the city since the fire of September last, amounts to firom $30,- 000 to $to.000 pw annom. There would also be a considerable ndiie- tion of the expenditaiw eouneeted with the ^/ u Fhe Department, now mtimftted at $5000 p«r annum, while for watering rtreeU, and oieana- ing Mwera, and alto fur manufacturing tuep, tiie supply t>f water would be abundant. QutstionM $ulmitttd iy iht Commitm of the City Council. Theeo queitiona I will now proceed to an- Hwor, andwilldoeo. in tlie ordet in which they have boon naked. •' The committee of the City Council refer to Mr. Laurie to report on the following qncntiona. First, What will it oo«t to bring into the City of Halifax an ample and effective aupply of water for fire and general purpoaea from the Birch Cove Ijakea." Answer . The coat as catimatcd in thia report ia aa followa : For in^oduoi^g water, $200,600 DiHtribntion, 99,410 . Purohaae oi preaont worka, 211,200 $001,300 *' Second. Will the aupply from the Birch Cove Lukea bo aufficicnt to aupply the preaent wants of the population of Ualiiaz tor fire ' and general purpoaee*.*' Answer j The ade- Oofthe.BuppW wll be uncertaitn unices jht to all the wi^ running from the "liikee is purchaaed. • "Third. Can th^t source be relied on at ' all aeasons of the year, to meet the require- ments of the population, and to what extent is.it8ufficient for the increase thereof." An- swer: Could only be relied on by making storage reservoirs of the upper lakes< "Fourth. . I^Aldeman Pugsley'a aohome in conjunction 'with the preaent vrater works which the city hav^agreed to purchase, prac- ticable, and what will it cost to oarjT the mme into effect. ' ' Answer : Aldermati Pngs- leys scheme is perfeotlv practicable, but for - the reasons stated in this report, I would re^ commend pumping into a reaerveir inatead of a stand pipe ; also in plac» of a separate system of pipea for fiie purposes to enlaree the capacity of the general diatr\bation ; ana, that the water pumped up be uaed only for „.the aerviee of the upper portion of the city, except in caae of fires nhea it can be con- '- nected with the lower aervioe. Thua modified, the cost, including the purchase of the present water works, would be : . Introducing water, and enlarging —"lower service, Upper Service ; pumping by steam power, Purchase of present water works, "F\fth. Win the Birch Cove Lakes give the same head or force aa Alderman Pugslej's scheme. If any, what will be the diffurenoe. and to what extent will the application of twenty eight jeto (each iet throwing one hun- dred gallona per minute) reduos its balMl or force tor fire pur poaea." Answer: TheBiroh Cove Lakoa will not give the muQfi head or forceaa Alderman Pugaloy'a scheme. Through a 15 inch pipe to aupply ten jeto throwinc one hundred gallona pier minute, , the 'Birob Cove Lakca will only give a head of $»'fMt over the prraent works when enlarged, at St. Andrew's Croaa; while ^Alderman Pugsley starto with a head of 100 foot at that point. To supply twenty-eight jeta would require a pipe of^24 inches diametei^ from the reservoir on Shaffroth'a Hill to Stt Aifdrewa Cross, with aloss of head of |& f^et. The preaent mains tkom the Chain Lales will only supply about one half the quantity required for 2a jets. "Siith : What sise mains Will be auffioient fro^ the Birch Cove Lakes, to give a aupply for twenty-eight jeta, each jet delivering one hundred gallona per minute." Ansufer: To give a continuoua aupply for twenty-«ight p)ts, the aise of main required from the Bireh Cove LakQ^ with a de^nt or loss of i^d of 3,feet per mile, will be ^.inches, and,Fith a descent of ten feet per mile, 24 inches diame- ter. It would not be necessary, however, to adopts larger aise of pipe than 15 or 18 inens fh>m the Lakes to the reservoir for fire pi|r< poses only. A reservoir containing 4,000,000 gallons will- supply 28 jets for 24 hours. *r Seventh. What quantity of water is ava^able from each of tne above named sour- ces, in sur&ce area." Answer: The quantity of water in present surface area is approxi- mately as follows : From Long Lake, 359 acres, lat Chain Lake, '88 '\ 2nd Chain Uke,. ffl *•* $169,480 116,856 211,200 $497,536 Peter 'a Rock Pond, eatimated, Lake above do do Small Lake, do 3yres Lake, do 414 31 acres. 7 " : 5 " 20 63 477 acres. From Birch Gove Lakes, ' 241 aores. Duck Pond,estimated, 10 acres. Horse Shoe Lake " 40 " AshUks, •• 60. " Fox Lake, " 70 180 , ~— ~~ 421 MNi. I, r / ■tJ ^ fP'^^-'r^f^Kfr^' 10 ■■.;/ 'f ^iL 1^^*'*- <'»"*•»• i»»t» »t th« UntMd t/hnin UtcM ba rsimd abovo iU promnt TotcJ. lo what eitont, and al what ooat ? ^Mu)#r . The water at the IxMjg and Chain UkM can b« miwd aboTa the pnwnt loTel mt throe feet, at a ooet of f MOO. If railed much higher the oo«t Would he hirgely increuaod. *'Nnlh. What height abore ita preaent lerel can the water at ihe Birch Cove lAkoa beraiaed." Anmetr : Ei^ht to ton fuet ia the groateat height that I o«)uld rouommend. _ In the appendix will be found u atatement ahowing the length of pipe of all aizua at pre- aent laid in the Ci^j gf Halifax for theaupply and dintrihatian of irater ; alao a table ofMla- tancea and lorola ; alao a etatemoni of tlio heighta of water in Long Uke from July Slnt. 1857. to March 8th, i860, Which luaT be found itheful for reference. , Reapectfullj aubmitted, JAMES LAURIE, C. E. Tabla o/t DitttmcM and Lev«U. BIITANCIS. St. Andrewa Croaa to Pipe Ilouaa at Chain liukiw, I'irwlIuuHo nt Chain Ukea to HiggiHl f jike, St. AndrowH Croaa to topof Shaf- froth'H Hill, Shaffroth't Hill to Bir(}h Cove l4ikoa, ttllm. fut 2040 1940 1 2640 HIIQIIT or mrORTANT POINT." ABOVIt CITT DAI OR MKDlCll LOW TIDX WATH. APPSHOIX. / ' Statement of tke-Lnath of pipt of all shtt at ■ praent laid for the supply of the City pf "Halifax voitk water, MAINS. 12 inch main from Chain Lakea, to St. Andrews Croaa. 13,700 ft. 15 do do from do to do 13,800 ,. ~ 27,500 DisTKiBCTiojtr Pirn. 12 idcb |)ipe, St. Andrew'a Crofll to Spring Garden ruiid, 3,400 12 inch do do tlirough Coga- well 8treet,to North Barraoka, 2,800 9 in pipe in Cogawell, Barrack, and Jacob atreeta, . 840 6 in pipe north of Jacob and Cogawell atreeta, 4,760 « in pipe aouth of do do 8,980 ' 3 in pipe north of Jacob and ' Cogawell atreeta, 22,250 3 in pip Iratween Jacob and Sacktille atreeta, 15,120 3 in pipe all aouth of SackvlUe •twet, 25,140 —-62,516 liOTel ofwaate weir of Lone Lake, Ordinary aurfaco of water in lat. Chain littke at Pipo H<»u8e, Tr)p of pipe chamber, (15 inch pipe) Bottom of pipo chumbor, [iovel of atreot at St. Andrew'a Croaa, Level of street corner of Park and CogHwcll streets, Ciunplllll, . I liill south of J.'>King8, Birch Cove Lukea, s^ce of Water. Top of ShafTroth'a NfT RagKcd Like, auria* of water. Citadel, sill of entrance gateway, riiet. 202 2 199 H 200 8 190 8 163 158 1 185 5 222 239 249 325 243 Elevation of Streets ahve Tide. ■ Intersection of and Feet, above Tide. t worti-i feiAAr , ; 4^^ 110,790ft mSO^DiIea 5190 feet , 28PirePlu«, 15 combined Fire Flags and Hydrants, 21 Hydrants. South Street, d d d. Morria, do do do do do do do do Spring Garden Koad.j do \-: do do -do- Kempt Uoad, Queoh, I^rrington, llollis. Kempt Road, Summer, . Park, Dresden Row, Birmingham, Queen, Barrington, Uollia, • Lower Water, Kempt Rood, (Summer, Pork, Dresden Row, 119.8 114.2 45.8 29.0 138.9 122 94.», 91.7 102.8 100.7 59.3 47.4 25.1 142 5 133.0 118.0 118.< ILTIISUCDIIOW, 110.9 IBirmingham, j 110.8 ■■'■4 r ILivtb. mllM. rktt JM ■4 2040 to 2 1040 if- 1 2840 vo 4 VKCITTDAym, ATIR. fL' ke. 202 2 9t. 100 8 pipe) 200 H 100 8 roan, 163 nd 158 1 185 r, 222 ter, 230 240 325 > 243 Tide. Feet, above Tide. Id, «i, )W, ter, 110.8 114.2 45.8 20.0 138.9 122 94.», 91.7 102.8 100.7 59.3 47.4 25.1 142 5 1330 118.0 118.< iiO*^ 17 Sprinr Midttir.Strcet, du do Jul)iluc, hiiukvilli), do do do do tJunkvillo, do ^ do do do do do Princo, do do do do do do , do do (iconre, do do- do (lardon lUml, ti . dof ... . do Duke, do do! do - do : do do do Buckinbliam, do do do: do do do Jacob, do do Cimnon, lliirrlnKton, Urunvilie, lIollN, Wutor. Kempt Uijod, Summer, r\irk, DnwiionRuw, llarruuk, AllH'nimrli!, (ifafton, .\rR3l,., lluniiVKton, 'iranvUlo, " llolliR, Jtedford How, Water, liurruuk, AllwrmuHo, <.iraft«jn, Argjlo, Borrinaton, GraBTUle, lloUis. Bedford Row, Water, Barrack, Albormarle, Grafton, Argyle, Barrinstoo, GranTUlo, Ilollis, Bedford Row, Water, Barraclc, ' Albermarle, Graflon, Argyle, Barrington, Granville, HoUis, Water. Barrack, Albennarle, Gralton, Argyle, BarrinKton, GranWlIe, Water, Banaok, Albermarle, Grafton, 101.2 7(l..{ 57.1 .18.4 13.3 I()0.8 140.0 144.4 J.")!. 2 144.1 ii.':..c. iW 51.0 .'12.7 lU.H' 12.2 l.'J0.4 120.4 00.0' 82.0 03,1 46.4 30.4 IS.6 80 129.3 113,6 02.0 72 6 '56.6 40.6 29.0 18.2 12i5 118.1 08.3 ¥8.3 61J 42.0 26.3 15.1 101 102.0 83.9- 66.0 51.8 36.0 21.0 14.4 87.2 70 5 55.0 Jacob, do Cogiwell. do i do Coriiwallia, do do do do ^^ do do do CiinMrd, do do do do GcrrlHli, do do ......:.. do do do do Dockyard Lane, do North Street, do do do ^ do do do do ^ # Arnylo, Upper Water, Park, City. Creif^hton, Gottinxen, Urunawiok, I'ark, t'ity, CVinliton, Gottiogen, Maitlund, Brunvwick, liookman, Uppor Water, Kempt lloud, Park, City, Cr«i|i;hton,- Uottinirun. Citj, Creijjhtoi»< Gotttngea, Maltland, BruHHwick, 1 iOckmin, \ > liter, UrunHwick, Luckman, Water. KomptRoad, Park ''street. CUy, Crei||hton, Gottiugen, Brunswick, Lockman, Water, 40.8 16.5 150.1 140.3 145 5 125.4 83 ICOO 147.8 130.1 123.0 105,7 80.T 47.0 16.8- 1.18.3 162.4 l.'>3.5 144^9 120.4 162.0 153.0 m.« 110.3 i 94..; ; 58.0: 20..fv lOOiOv 65.0 V 25.5 191.4 107.3 188.1 180.4 1Q;I.8 124.0 81.5 38.0 «- -\ / / L . i K -^ ; m- I . Z#*../-«m Ju/v3l,/. 1857. /« MarckMk, 1800, /ram /i«-orA ilr;,/ ,« /A, ^y /«• C»mpany'$ offict. Wtitt wtir 7ifttt in Unyth. AbovA top «>f WlMto weir. ' f^at^mfnl i,r /he Ungth of different $he» oi J tprs laid I/I Boston ; and the nunJ>tr of iitop Cockl, Hydrants, ^f , January lstj,Um. Lcugtli 111 Feot. No. gf Slgj* Cooki. I>la. ul 'Pipe. 40 inch. 36 .do 30 do 34 do 20 do 10 do 12 do 6 do 4 do 22.412' 20.42a 32.472 5,773 24,127 7,019 83,070 304,070 99,503 000,081 3 4 8 10 11 22 182 240 1088 No. of Iljdranta in Boaton projKr, «©.of do in South dndEoat Boston, &o.^ ' Population, No. of Wat«r faikcw. Receipts, 178,000 23,271 $316.290 97 902 461 1363 ■c v; / .^^" • '■\t«>il Tor procuring a ■op|>ly of wttlul It would l»o 0" 'I'M :«ry to (lniivMr water (hIioiiIiI it nt nr.y tiran biy doeiui! for dnlivwinK At aii f««l nUiTQ thn loTol of the highcat point of tbt niUidnl purudn. I)v oiirront roporta, thn hoitfht of th« aill of tho cntranon Kiitowny in aoniitiJfln'd to Im» 241 fuut niMiTO tim twa, but It l« not known wh(v- thar tiilt rflfun to tho lovol of high or low water. . 1 hava th« honor to Itn, air, Your anoak ob«d't. humhio aw?*!., WlLtUM tioRDON, Clark of Work*. To Jama* lAuria. Ran., Olrll Eoginear, Wavarlj Houaa. / ' , -%' tl '^m ; ■ 1 f m f 1 1 t I •:. 1 •, 1 w^ A t ■ • '*■ 4 .i4 K -h ^ • " 1,' » ^^ '■\^ %^f ,pw- '•■-■■ •0 ^ 't m^ 'K.