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NOTE 
 
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 THE SPURIOUS LETTERS 
 
 OK 
 
 MONTCALM, 
 
 1759. 
 
 By JUSTTX WrXSOK 
 
 [From the I'kockethngs ok tiii. Mapsachusictts Historical 
 Society, January, 1887.1 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 JOHN WILSON AND SON. 
 
 1887. 
 
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 V 
 
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N ( ) r i: 
 
 ON rilK 
 
 SPURIOUS Li;n Kiis of monk ai.m, 
 
 1759. 
 
 Mil. WiNSOK drew attention to ilie latest development 
 respecting the anthorship of the pretended letters of 
 Montcalm, in which he had predicted, in 17-")1), the re- 
 volt of the American Colonies in cilse Canada should he 
 conquered, and the French should, cea^e to exist on 
 their hordei's to occu])v the attention of tliejse EnuHsh 
 colonists, Mr. Winsor waid : — 
 
 It will he remeini)ered that tlie intrrostin<:j part of these 
 letters was an extract from one i>urporiiiig to have heen written 
 hy a French spy in Boston, si<^ned •' S. J.," wliose views wore 
 itdopti'd hy Moiiteahii in writinjv, An<x. 24, 1750, onlv a U'w 
 weeks hefore lii.s di-ath, to M. Mole hi i'liris. Tlie earhest 
 trace wiiich ] havo foimd oC these letters is in I)(>eemher, 177o, 
 when Ilulohinson says, in his diary, that they were circiUatijii; 
 ill London in mainiscript, and that he had no dornt they were 
 spurious, ina>tnuch as the condition of thing's which " S. J." 
 desv^vihes as existin<T in Boston in 1750 did not exist there, 
 and could not have heeii chronicled at that time iis existiiiir. 
 Two years later these letters were printed by Almon, in Lon- 
 don, in what purported to he the French oiisaiiral text, with 
 iui Fnglish version adjoined. Tlioy were quoted in Parlia- 
 ment: and in a famous dehate on the American question 
 
r 
 
 1^ 
 
 instioivlotl by ('luitliani, iind i i which Shelhnnio ('oiitendcd for 
 their fraudulent character, and Mansfield foi their aiithtiu- 
 ticity, Chatham, who as it now turns out knew their history, 
 remained hilent on that point. 
 
 After tho war was over and the questio!i of their authen- 
 ticity was forgotten, some writers who found the book in libra- 
 ries seemed to have no diUiculty in accepting the l<;ttors as 
 genuine ; and in this category we find such historians as Car- 
 lyle in the first edition of his "■ Frederick liio (ireat,'" Mahon 
 in the original issue of his '' England," Viscount l>ury in his 
 " Exodus of the Western Nations," and such writers on Cana- 
 dian history as Garnf^an, Warburton, and Mills, as well as 
 Barry in his '' Massachusetts." 
 
 In 1800 Mr. I'arkman reported to this Society,' on his 
 examination of the Montcalm papers in France, where he iiad 
 foumi a copy of one of the letters in a handwriting wliich at 
 that time wa:i unknown to him. His conclusion, however, from 
 interiuil evidence was that they were spurious. Tn printing 
 the letter to Mole in the Proceedings, Dr. Deane, who was 
 the editor, by collating the several texts voaohed the conclu- 
 sion that the original \.vas the TiUglish text, and not the pre- 
 tended French, and inferred from this that tho letter could 
 not have been written by Montcalm. The (juestion was taken 
 u\) the next year (187U) by lleiny Stevens in a long note in 
 his " Bibliotheca Ilistorica," in wliich he came to a similar 
 decision. 
 
 Altout the same time a development was made which for 
 the first time connected the Jesuit Koubaud with the h'tters. 
 Mr. Henry H. Dawson had found among the papers of William 
 Gowans, the New York booksellei, a paiter entitled "Mr. 
 Roubaud's Deplorable ('ase," and, submitting it to Dr. John 
 C», Shea, that gentleman had prepared a brief introduction on 
 Roubai.d, and this and the document were printed in the 
 "Historical xMagazine " in November, 1870. Kouband was 
 
 ' I'toc'cetliiigs, vol. xi. pp. 1I2-1?8. 
 
<''»nteiuU'(l lor 
 tlieir autliviM- 
 their history, 
 
 tlic'ir authoii- 
 3 book ill libra- 
 
 the letters as 
 oriaiis as Car- 
 jrreat,'' Malioii 
 nt JUiry in liis 
 riters on Caiia- 
 lls, as well as 
 
 )cioty,' on liis 
 , where he had 
 'iling which at 
 
 liowever, from 
 !. Tn printing 
 •ane, who was 
 ed tiie conclu- 
 not the pre- 
 letter ei>nl<l 
 
 ion was takon 
 
 long note in 
 
 e to a similar 
 
 uUi which for 
 Lh the h'tters. 
 ers of William 
 iutitkMl '• Mr. 
 , to Dr. John 
 tro'Juction on 
 rinteil in tlie 
 IJouband was 
 
 a vagabond priest, who lived by his wits, and had l)et'n a 
 Jesuit missionary in Canada, and during his career as such 
 had been the occasion of considerable scandal. After the. 
 {»eaee of 17(53 he seems to liave wormed his way into the 
 eoi'ifidence of General .\[iirray, then commanding for the Eng- 
 lish in Quebec, and to luive l)ucn sent — to acec.- ,t one of the 
 versions of his career — to England to assist t\w liritish min- 
 istry in adjusting a demand on the French GoverJimcnt, by 
 which he afterwards claimed to have secured to the Mritish 
 treasury some seoh Hura as a million pounds. At all events, 
 we find him at this period in Knglaml, liis religicm idianged, 
 with a Protestant wife, still addicted to scandalous living, and 
 dancing attendance on the ministry, and ready to do any dirty 
 job for them for paj', but mostly without pay, 9,s he afterwards 
 claimed. This "Deplorable Case" is a document which llou- 
 baud submitted to Lord North, recounting his services iind 
 setting forth his claims to a suitable consideration. In this he 
 says that at his second audience at Court, after reaching Eng- 
 land, he put into his Majesty's ha- s these letters of Mont- 
 calm, and at some subsequent day another copy of the same 
 WHS given b}' him to the Queen, for which she paid liini twelve 
 guineas ; and from this second copy he says that the printed 
 copy was made, '' without my consent and against the laws of 
 trust :v.ul honor ; " and one of his grounds for compensation 
 was (hat this publication exasperated the Court of Versailles 
 against him, and made it pro(;eed to acts of vengeance uj)on 
 him. In this pa])er he says not a word against the genuineiifss 
 of the letters. 
 
 The next discussion of the subject was by Mr. Parknian, in 
 his recent "■ Montcalm and Wolfe " (vol. ii. pj). 8J5, 32(1), whore, 
 after depicting the doubtful character of lioubaiid, in referring 
 to this " Deplorable Case," he cites the Abbe Verreau as certi- 
 fying that the copy found among the papers of Montcalm was 
 in the handwriiing of Roubaud, and as believing that this ad- 
 venturer must have been the author of the letters. 
 
L ■ ' - 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 If tho fellow can be trusted in direct evidence, lie was not 
 the author. The llultliintmd Papers have been for nearly 
 thirty 3'ears in the Hritish MuHeinn, and contaiji the secret, 
 which has so long lain undiscovered. The l)(>inini(ui of Can- 
 ada, having established in 1872 a Department of Archives, has 
 been since then stocking it with copies i»f papers relating to 
 their history from the great depositories of i-^urope. Among 
 otiier things they have had copies made of the HaMimand 
 Papers, as closely touching these annals, that general having 
 been so long in Quebec, and for some years in command. As 
 these copies have reached Ottawa, they have been calendared 
 by Mr. Hrymner, the Dominion Arcliivist, and he has j>rinted 
 this calendar in successive Annual Reports, which to most 
 historical students have been buried by being made a j)art of 
 the Annual Report of the C'ommissioiier of Agriculture. INIr. 
 Brymner fo'.ind among these copies, and has given in his last 
 report, a full abstract of a paper similar in tendency to the 
 already known ''Deplorable Case,"' which he calls a "Sketch 
 of Mr. Roubaud's ]'etition for the Consideration of Parlia- 
 ment " (Haldimand Coll.. 1). 20G, p. 45; Brymner's Report, 
 1880, p. cxxxviii), in which Ron hand flatly acknowledges the 
 spuriousness of the Montcalm, letters, and says they were writ- 
 ten by "an Englishman," — confirming Dr. Deane's theory of 
 their being firs written in English, — and that their author 
 was intimately known to Chatham, who it will he remembered 
 had silently sat by in the T/ords, and hoard Shelburne and 
 Mansfield dispute over their authenticity. It is most probable 
 that Koubaud made the French counterpart ; anri I may add, 
 in conclusion, that Mr. Brymner, in the body of his Report, 
 has sketched with considerable detail the wild and dramatic 
 career of this vagabond Roubaud. 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 1 
 
lu'c, he was iidt 
 Uev.u for nearly 
 itain the secret, 
 •iniiiiou of Can- 
 of A I chives, lias 
 pcrs relating to 
 !iiroi)e, Amoni^ 
 the llaldiinatid 
 general having 
 command. As 
 )een calendared 
 he has printed 
 which to most 
 made a j)art of 
 ,'riculture. Mr. 
 iven in his last 
 :endency to the 
 lalls a "Sketch 
 ition of Parliiu 
 mner's Report, 
 knowledges the 
 they were wril- 
 3ane's theory of 
 it their author 
 lie remembered 
 Shelburne find 
 s most probable 
 md I niiiy add, 
 of liis Report, 
 1 and dramatic 
 
 i