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Entered according to Act of CoDKress, in the year eigliteen hundred and seventy-three. By JAMES WILLIAMS. In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. r^KEF A.CE. se. The Author, thinking an account of his life and experience would be of service to persons into whose hands it might fall, has, by the advice of some of his friends, come to the conclusion to narrate, as correctly as possible, things that he encountered and that came under his notice during a period of some forty-five years. He hopes, after a perusal of his first attempt, the reader will pardon him for any errors which may have been committed ; and if 1 can only think that any good may hava grown out of my adventures, I shall then consider that I have commenced to answer the end I and all human beings were created for— having lived that the world may be bettered by me. JOHN THOMAS EVANS, {formerly), Now JAMES WILLIAMS. PecificN.W. History Dept. 1012ht'^ PROVINCIAL. UBRAr^Y L .» J. s- >- ■- VICTORIA, 3. C. T ; INDEX. ! When and wlicre born Why I ran away First contact with the Underground Kailroad In the riot against the Killers Esca]ie from [mrsuers Raffling for geese, and what came of it Making coffee out of salt water Dancing with the Irish girls and swollen feet Off for California Find a friend on the Isthmus Arrive in California and go to mining Leave California for Mexico Ship for Talcahuano Again in California in 1853 Go to Vancouver Island, come back, and go to Washoe. Agency of A. M. E. Church Perseverance and apple dumplings The mission of the flowers Lizzie Thompson Linchcomb's Story Who will make laws ? Not to be the man I am wounded Why they so dislike me What did I do to them? PAOR. 9 13 14 16 18 19 22 24 24 25 29 31 32 33 34 37 41 45 51 52 54 55 55 56 56 T INDEX. :( It i i tl Anxious for the office ..«« «••».••... 57 Sketclies of the Oatholic anti Protestant Churqhes . . ,» • t • • •*# 61 Blessed are ye ••• i ...«.■••«».» 62 Collecting for the Church •.#*.•*.»«....#• 62 Susan Neal » 64 Story of Charles Thompson » 66 Story of Henry Box Brown ,....., 68 Story a Ytaiiijj; Woman — name unknown ,.......,. 71 Story of Harry Grimes 72 Story of George Laws 76 Story of Pet e Mathews , ,.%..,. 77 Story of Leah Green . - 79 Story of Jim Billy Bowlegs 81 Story of Abrara Galoway 83 Story of Ann Johnson and Levina Wooltley 83 Story of William and Ellen Craft 87 Story of Barnaby Grigby and others 96 Seport cut from Maryland Examiner 97 Name of Stockholders in the U. G. R. R 98 Spiritualism 99 Bigamy 101 Modoc War 101 Precious Scripture Words 102 California 103 Chinese in California 105 The Christian's Voyage — 107 I LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF JAMES WILLIAMS. San Francisco, ■ I, JOHN THOMAS, was born in Elkton, Cecil county, Maryland, April 1st, A. d. 1825, in the house of ray master, William Hollinjrsworth, being born a slave. I remained with him until I was thirteen years of age, when I took one of his blooded mares and made mj- escape. Whilst riding, I met a number of men, one of whom said to me: "Little boy, where are you going?" " 1 am going to Mr. Cuche's mill." " Who do you belong to ?" "I belong to Mr. William Hol- lingsworth." I, at the time, had on two pairs of pants, with leather suspenders over my coat. A man asked me, ** Why do you wear your suspenders over your coat?" "These are my overalls, to keep my pants clean. " Ere I arrived at Mr. Cuche's mill, I met a little boy. I said to him, " Little boy, what is the name of the next town beyond Mr. Cuche's mill?" He told me, " New London Cross Roads." Ere I arrived there I met a white man. He accosted me thus: "Boy, who do you belong to ?" I told him that I belonged to Mr. William HoUingsworth. ' * Where are you going to now ?" " I am go- ing to New London." At New London I met a school-boy. I asked hira, " Where is the line that divides Maryland from Pennsylvania?" He said, "New London is the line." I asked him, "What is the name of the next town?" He said, "Eaton Town." On my way I met another man; he said to me, "Where are you going?" I answered, "To Ea- ( 10 ) ton Town." Ho said, "Where arc you from?" I said, "Cuclie's Mill." Ho asked mo if I belonged to Mr. Cu- cLe? 1 said, "Yes." On my way I met two more men. They asked the same questions. I answered as before. When I ar vived at Eaton Town I asked a little boy what tho name of +iio uexttown was. Ho said, " Ihisselvillo." As I went 1 saw a colored man cutting wood in the woods. I Rsked him, " What was tho name of the next town ?" He said, "Eusselville." I asked him if any colored fami- lies lived there ? Ho said, "Yes; Uncle Snmmy Glasgow." He advised me to stop there. He asked me where I belonged. I said, "In New London Cross Koads." And for fear that he would ask to whom I belonged, I whipped up my hoi so find went my way. I was then a few miles in Pennsylvania, and 1 felt that I was a, free boy and in a free State. I met a man, and he asked me wheie I was going ? I said "Eusselville, to Uncle Sammy Glasgow." He asked me if I was a free boy. I said, "Yes." Ho said, "You look more like one of those little runaway nigi^ers than anything else that I know of." I said, " Well, if you think I am a runaway, you had better stop me, but I think you will soon let me go." I then went to Russelville, and asked for Sam- my Glasgow, and a noblo old gentleman came to the door, and I asked him if he could tell me the way to Somerset, and he pointed out the way. I asked him if he knew any colored families there. He said, " Yes." He told me of one Wil- liam Jourden, the first house that I came to, on my left hand. This Jourden was my stepfather; he married my mother, who had runaway years before, and tho way that I knew where she lived was through a man by the name of Jim Ham, who was driving a team in Lancaster Citj', whose home was in Elkton. He came home on a visit, and was talking to one of the slave women one night; he sat with his arm around her, I, a little boy, sitting in the chimney corner asleep, as they thought, but with one eye open and alistening. He whis- pered to her, saying, " I saw that boy's mother." She said, "Did you? Where?" Ho said, "In Somerset; she is married and doing well ; she married a man by the name of William Jourden." When I arrived at my mother's house, I met my stepfather in the yard cutting wood, and I asked him if Mrs. Jourden was at home ? He said, " Yes; " and asked I ( 11 ) mo in. I went in and sat down by tho door. My mother ttskcd mo my name. I answorod, " Jamos Williiima." 8iio said. " Como to the firo and warm yourself !' I said, " No; that 1 was not cold." After sitting there awhile, I asked her if she had any children. She said, "Yes;" and named one boy that belonged to William Hollingsworth, in Elkton. I asked if she had any more. She named ray sister that he- longed to Thomas Moore, of Elkton, Vic, that had run away and was betrayed by a colored man, for tho sura of one hun- dred dollars. I had a brother that went with my mother when she run away from Maryland. She did not say anyiiiing about him, but spoke of John Thomas. I asked her if she would know him if she saw him. She said, " Yes." I said, " Are you sure that you would know him ?" She answered, "Yes; don't you think I would know my own child ?" 'And becoming somewhat excited, sie told mo that I had a great deal of impudence, and hor loud tone brought her hus- band in, and he suspicioned mo of being a spy for the kid- nappers. Ho came Avith a stick and stood by the door, when an old lady, by the name of Hannah Brown, exclaimed : '* Aunt Abby, don't you know your own child ? Bless God, that is him." Then my mother came and greeted me, and my father also. My mother cried, " My God, ray son, what are you doing here?" I said, "that I had given leg-bail for security." My father took the horse and hid it in the fodder stack. That night, one William Smith, who was a good old minister, went back on the road, about six miles, with the liorse, and put her on the straight road, and started her for home ; but the bridle he cut up and threw into a mill race. I was told that on the morning of the second day the horse stood at hor master's gate. To show the reader how my mother got free, I shall have to digress a little. She was sold by Tom Moore to Mr. Hollingsworth, for a term of two years, for the sum of one hundred dollars, and, at the expiration of that time, she was to go back to Tom Moore's. One morning Mr. Hollingsworth said, " Abby, it is hard enough to serve two masters, and worse to serve three. You have got three months to servo me yet, but here is twenty- five dollars; I won't tell you to run away. You can do as you like." He told my uncle Frisby to take the horse and cart and carry her as far as a brook, called Dogwood ( 12 ) a; ^1 • 111 i I ' Knn, on the way to Pennsylvania. By those means my mother got her freedom, which shows that Holliugs- worth had a Christian spirit, though a slaveholder. I stayed one night at my mother's, and in the morning I was taken on tba underground railroad, and they carried me to one Asa Walton, who lived at Penningtonville, Ponnsylvania, and he took me on one of his fastest horses and carried me to one Daniel Givens, a good old abolitionist, who lived near Lancas- ter City ; and I travelled onward from one to another, on the underground railroad, until I got to a place of refuge. This way of travel was called the Underground Railroad. At the age of sixteen I commenced my labors with the underground road. The way that we used to conduct the business was this : a white man would carry a certain number of slaves for a certain amount, and if they did not all have money, then those that had had to raise the sum that was required. We used to communicate with each other in this wise : one of us would go to the slaves and find out how many wanted to go, and then we woulrl inform the party who was to take them, and some favorable night they Avould meet us out in the woods ; we would then blow a whistle, and the man in waiting would answer "all right ;" he Avould then take his load and travel by night, until he got into a free State. Then I have taken a covered wagon, with as many as fourteen in, and if T met any one that asked me where I was going, I told them that I was going to market. I became so daring, that I went within twenty miles of Elkton. At one time the kid- nappers were within one mile of me ; I turned the corner of a house, and went into some bushes, and that was the last they saw of me. The way wo abolitionists had of doing our business was called the underground railroad ; and in all my travels I always found the Anglo-Saxons to be my best friendvS. The interpretation of the crowing of a chicken when Christ told Peter that he should deny him thrice before the cock crew; Peter denied him, and immediately the cock crew, and Peter immediately understood the interpretation. And that is the right interpretation which I have heard in the watches of the night, when I have been traveling with some fellow being towards the North Star, and a land of freedom. '* Oh, give thanks unto the Lord God, for He is good, and ( 13 ) His mercy ondnreth forever; Ho taketh ray part against them that hate me. Oh, give thanks unto the Lord, for His mercy endureth forever." When I was ten years old I was a house-hoy. I had to stand at the table and brush off tlie flies while the guests were dining. General Sue, Col. Patridge and others would be in conversation and talking about the slaves, saying, my negro Dick and my bo}' Tom, and discussing what they could get for their slaves; saying that Bennet had captured his negro, Bill, that run away two years ago, and is now in jail, and that ho was the first well-dressed negro he met in Lom- bard street, Philadelphia, and when he recognized him he said that he would come with him, and that he had no trouble to get him. One of the men turned his head and said, "Tom, you must never run away Bad boys are the only ones that run away, and when their master gets them he will sell them to go to Georgia, where they will bore holes in your ears and plow you like a horse." Saying this for the purpose of frightening me, thinking that I would believe such stories. Seeing the difference between freedom and slavery, I made up my mind that when I was old enough I would run away. The reason I run away when I did was, bocause an old colored lady, by the name of Rachel, who was considered to be a good old aunty, became affronted at me, and misrepresented me, and tod a lie on me, for which I was whipped with a raw hide very severely. Perhaps ere this she hath gone to eternity; if so, I hope ere she went she sought forgiveness, and is now resting from her labors, and the good works consummated by her are following her. Slaves, nt times, did things which worked directly against each other, ignorantly. Be this as it may, the Creator hath a record of all transactions, and will. He says, render justice to all. I, therefore, leave the event to Him for adjustment. My mas- ter, in conclusion, threatened to sell me to Georgia. After receiving the chastisement, I went off sniffling and crying. On the following Sunday morning I arose quite early and gave them leg-bail for security, and on one of his blooded mares I run away from him, or, in other words, she done the running and I on her back. I was then satisfied that I was getting out of the way of old John Thomas, instead of old Dan Tucker, as goes the old song, where I was then. ( 14 ) I ' H' •I I ' If The traders and slave-hunters went to mv master and tried to get him to advertise me or employ them to hunt me, as the partridge upon the hill; but he, being very close, would not employ them, but the law compelled him to advertise me, or pay a fine. He had such great confidence in me that I would come back again, that he said, " Oh, the boy has only gone on a spree, and will be home again in a few days." He of- fered a reward of two cents to apprehend me, and four cents to let me go scot-free, and ten dollars reward for the recov- ery of his black mare. But the spree that he thought I had gone on was never over until the year 1868. Arriving in Pennsylvania in the year A. D. 1838, I went to work for an abolitionist bv the name of Acie Walton. It was in the win- ter, and when the spring opened I went to work for one Mr. Dickerson, in the year 1839, at five dollars per month. In A. D. 1840 I went towork for a Mr. Clarkson Crozier, at six dollars per month. He was also an abolitionist, and in 1841 I was still in his employ. When I was sixteen years of age I made a hand at mowing. In 1842 I was still in that em- ploy, and led the field, and was foreman of the farm, where I remained until 1843. In 1844 I worked for one Mr. Hud- son until September of the same year, when, to my great surprise, the kidnappers came upon me. The reader will not be surprised when I inform him of the fact that that was the first intimation I ever had of a surprise party; for I was 80 much taken by surprise that I went down into the bushes, and that was the last they saw of me. Thus the reader can aver that I surprised them also. In six months after I was again in the same place. In 1845 I went to a quarterly meeting that was being held in Wilmington, Delaware, at which I saw several white men. I knew who came from the place of my birth that I had run away from. They made sure they had me then, but I slipt through the crowd, ran in and through the. church, out of the back door, and into the wagon that I had tied there in the bushes behind the hill, and made off to New Gardens, that being the last they saw of me. I then went to Beading, Pa., and I there came in contact with the underground railroad. This was in 1846, and in 1847 I was again in Somerset township, where the kidnappers first made me leave. I was that year again liv- ing with Clarkson Crozier, still engaged in the underground I ( 15 ) railroad business, having a large light four-horse wagon, with white cover over if. I then assumed the name James Wil- liams. I would say to men who asked me " AVhere are jou going, Williams?" I would tell them I was going to Lan- caster to market. At other times when meeting them and they would ask me where I was going, I told them to Wil- mington market. The wagon would be shut up tight to keep the rain and snow from spoiling the grain, and, at the same time, perhaps, I would have a load of slaves in there. I have carried as many as 14 women and children at a load. The way we managed to get away slaves from the Southern States, we used to have runners there, and when any one wanted to get away, he would go to one of these runners and tell him ho wanted to make his escape, and the runner would ask if he could raise a party of 10 or 15. ** If you can, you must raise a certain sum of money; and if all have not got money, some must pay for others until the money is raised, and then meet me at a certain place, with the amount of money. And now here is a whistle I will give you; set your party against a certain night, and walk three miles from the place where you started, to a certain place, and when you get there, if there is nobody within sight, or nobody around but your own party, you blow your whistle three times, and when I answer, come direct to the answer." Now the read- er may have some understanding how the underground rail- road is conducted. In 1848 I was attacked by a party of kidnappers on the Lancaster Turnpike, and I had no weapons only those God gave me, and, at that time, feeling myself to be much of a man, I used the weapons upon them pretty severe, and when I found myself getting out of breath I jumped the fence and run through the corn-tields, and went to a farmer's house, and told him what had happened to me. I gave him three dollars to take me to the cars that run to Philadelphia, and, by this means, I got clear of them. After arriving there I went to work in a brickyard, for a gentle- man named Davis. I remained there until after the riot, taking part with the citizens against the Killers. I then made my escape to Reading, Pa. I remained there a few days, and, for fear of danger, I made my escape to Pottsvillo. This was still in 1848, and there I went to work in the coal mines. In the latter part of this year I left there and re- r I :\i W\ ;ri ( 18 ) turned back to Philadelphia. In the beginning of 1849, I went to work for Mr. George Pickeron, who kept a hay yard on Germantown road. He was a lawyer also ; he made me seller for him, and I remained with him about six months. I was walking out one evening and was attacked by a set of white rowdies, and I having his pistol in my possession, I fired upon them, and I was taken that same night to the watch-house, and on the next morning, he being a lawyer and going my security, he took my case in hand and cleaied me for the sum of twenty-five dollars. In the month of September, three days after, there was a largo riot between the colored people and the Killers. I was identified with a company of young men, calling them- selves the Stringers, and was placed that night as captain of the company. I fired the first shot on the Moyamensing Killers. When the California House was set on fire, at the corner of Sixth and St. Mary's Alley, I rushed up to try and put it out, and was shot in my right thigh with buckshot, and also received a blow over my left eye — the mark of which is there until this day. T made my escape as soon as possible and went to a doctor's ; but the doctor, after looking at me, said, '* You are not hurt ; go and try them again." I went, and fouglit harder than ever. The women tore up all the sidewalk, ko that the men could get bricks and stones to fight with. At two o'clock in the morning the fighting ceased, but was renewed again at seven, and I was the first who fired on the Killers that day. An officer, calling himself by the name of Craig, attempted to arrest me, but I struck him a blow, which tumbled him to the ground. He got up and went away, but came back rein- forced to arrest me, but the members of the Goodwill Hose Company, who were on the side of the colored citizens, came to my assistance, and then we had a free fight of it; but I am sorry to say there were seven or eight of that com pany shot that day. There were also two colored men shot, and several wounde' above on the other corner. This being done, I was in the middle. T was looking over my shoulder and saw him beckon and point his finger. I then crossed the street as if I noticed nothing; and in quick time I then looked over my shoulder a second time, and saw him crossing after me; I then turned up a little alley in double quick time, and turning up another alley I left them out of sight. I then went to my boarding-house, kept by Mr. Hargas, on Eleventh street, near Loml)ard, four doors from the Masonic Hall. Mrs. Hargas said to me, " Mr. Wil- liams, there has been two white men here looking for you; they have just gone ; they asked me if I knew where they could find you, and I told them no — I did not know — they looked like strangers to me; they went down Lombard street." I paid my bill, telling Mrs. Hargas that I Avas going to Lan- caster City, she then not knowing- that I was a fugitive slave. I also said to her, "If they call again tell them that I am going to Lancaster City." I packed up my little trunk and went down South street in quick time, and meeting a colored man, I gave him my trunk, and told him to carry it down to the boat that went to New York; " Get me a check, and say nothing to any one, and bring it back to a certain corner to me." He did so. I then went very near to the boat landing, to a certain alley, where were some sugar casks, and stowed myself away there, like a fox when the hounds are after him, ( 19 ) and my heart appeared to be up in my throat. I had nf^ver told anybody about the circumstances under which I was placed, and the dniiger which I was in : consequently I had no one to console me, or no friends to help rescue me, but, when the bell was ringing and I saw a chance to flee from danger, I ran and leaped aboard the boat, and was soon on my way to Trenton, but yet 1 felt a little alarmed. After landing there, I had to wait an hour for the down train, and still felt alarmed. During the time I was waiting, I did not know at what moment I might be arrestetl, and I looked upon every white man as my enemy at that time. Becoming hungry, I walked a short distance to a cake shop, ate a couple of pies, a few doughnuts, drank part of a bottle of spruce beer, put a few cakes into my pocket, and then asked the young man how much the bill was. Ho said forty cents, and I told him to charge it to Mr. Barnburner, and he said, *' Yes, sir," and he went to the desk, took a pen and put it down in his book. I then said to him, "Did you charge it?" And he said, "Yes, sir;'' and he further said, "Thank you, sir — you must come again.'" By that time the cars had come, and I jumped aboard, and left that place as soon as I could, and felt re- leased from danger. The next place I landed at was New York city. As soon as I landed at New York, I went to work in a private boarding-house, kept by Mrs. Lent, on Leonard street and Broadway. After being there a few days, there was a colored man arrested at the Lving House, cor- ner of Broadway and Chamber streets, by the name of Hen- ry Long. I went down to engage in the fight for him, and stayed there until he was delivered up to those who claimed to be his masters; but I and another colored man attacked his master in the night time, in a public square, and he drew a six-shooter on us, and we gave back, like cowards. We went next day to have him arrested, but as we made the at- tack on him first we did not succeed, so poor Henry was sent back. A few evenings after that, I went to the Knicker- bocker Saloon, on Church street, near Thomas, where there was a raffle, and I commenced throwing chances, and, as luck would have it. won two of them. The company gath- ered there looked more like rowdies than any class of men that I could compare them to, and all strangers ; but it being a raffle and the gease looking so fine and fat, I went in on ( 20 ) M^ ill! "I! i that account, and won them. One man says to me, "Old fellow, you have not won those geese fair! You shall put them up and raffle them again. You have thrown three sixes twice, and you have fingered the dice ; you must throw over again."' Says I, " I shall not do it." " Well, if you don't, we will put a topknot over your eye.'' I, feeling myself pretty much of a man, said that I should carry the geese away with me, and that I could whip any man in the house, one after the other. A little boy, about twelve years of age, reminded me of a little fierce dog barking at a large dog, by jumping out before me, and saying, "You nigger, you can't whip me!" shaking his fist in my face. I picked up my geese, and started out doors, telling them to stand back, but they surrounded me in the street, and, while talk- ing to them, one fellow struck me over the eye and landed me half way across the street. Falling to the ground, my geese went one way and my plug-hat another; when I re- ceived that blow I thought that I saw stars. I lay some sec- onds as a dead man, and when I arose I commenced calling out for the watchman, who came and rescued me. He went with me to pick up my hat, ana into the house where the affair happened, to arrest the man that had struck me, and to get my geese for me. They told the policeman that "the man that struck him is not here, and neither are the geese here; they are both strangers to us, but this fellow has cheated the other, for he fingered the dice, and that was the way he won the geese." In the meantime the landlord asked the ofiicer to come up and take a drink ; the officer turned to me and said: "You leave here; if you don't I will take you to the watch-house, fori know all these men don't lie." Said I, "Mr. Watchman." Said he. " No talk out of you." This house was kept by one Mr. McDonald, a very dark man. The next day I had such a l>ig eye that I could not go to my service place, consequently I had to leave. I then went down to the Tombs to see if I could not have him arrested. The judge asked me if I belonged to New York? I said, " No, sir." He said, " Have you been here long?" I said, "No, sir, only five or six weeks." "Well, where are you working?" I said, " At Mrs. Lent's." Have you ever been here before ?" "Yes, sir, dozens of times." "Where do you belong when you are home ?" I told him that I belonged (( Old -■4 ( 21 ) to Philadelphia. " So you Philadelphia niggers come here and try to whip our New York niggers, and when you cannot you try to have them arrested. Well, they have only given you a present over your eye." Ho then asked me if I had any money. I told him no. He then said, " Get out of my office, before I give you another over the other eye." So I had to leave with my black eye. I have never raffled since, for it learned me a lesson never to go into a strange place to raffle. A few evenings after that, I was standing on the corner of Thomas street, and a man struck me with a club, and he landed me halfwaj' across the street, on my knees. I never found out who he was or knew what it was done for, and had no suspicion of any one. About a week after, on the corner of Anthony and Broadway, I met a colored woman, and she says to me, " Come, my dear, and go home with me." I said to her, "I am greatly obliged to you, my friend; I never accompany a strange lady or ladies home, more especially when I am in a strange place.'' She commenced to abuse me, and I grew belligerent, and she called the watch. I ran and as I passed the corner the watchman struck me with his mace, but I outrun him. He ran me about six blocks, but I outrun the whole party out of sight by making a warm run, I at last ran into the arms of a gentleman, and he said to me: "Tell me what the matter is, and tell me what you have done, and, if it is of no account, I will let you go." I told him the whole story, just as it was and had happened. He said "If that is all, go; and you have done nothing more than what was right, and if I see the officers I shall turn them back." I then made a straight line for home. A few weeks after that I wont to work for George Webster, at the corner of Church and Leonard streets, who was to pay me by the week. I worked three weeks for him, but got no pay, and could get none. I figured up how much was coming to me, and went and got twenty gentlemen, and tak- ing them to Mr. Webster's, who kept a house of entertain- ment, called for supper. After supper we all called for drinks. I then told him to charge it to me; he said no, he would charge it to the gentlemen. They said, "No, Mr. Williams invited us, and we came with that understanding." He then cursed at me, and said he knew that was what I was ( 22 ) d :ri up to when I came down ahead, and for a little he would give me a good flogging. As soon as he said that I blazed away at him with tumblers, the rest following suit; in a few minutes his wife camo with a kettle of hot water and he with a butcher's knife, and while the rest were in the skirmish 1 made for the door, which I took off from the hinges and dropped on the sidewalk. A few evenings after that, there was a gentleman rooming in the same room with me and another gentleman. This man's name was William Browne, and seems to have been in a fix in the night, but he is all right now. He was formerly from California. But, reader, I have given you a sketch; let it sufl&ce as a warning to you. Obey the command of God — more espe- cially the first commandment with promise; honor thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long in the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee ; keep holy the Sabbath day and live holy; deal justly with your neighbors, and strive to do good by establishing societies among your race of people; be charitable to all mankind. By doing this, you will shun numerous vices you may fall into by leaving it undone. A few days after, I was going down Leonard street, and I met a man that I knew. I said, "Hallo, Prince." He answered, ' ' Hallo Tom ! how long have you been here ?" I told him that I had been here some time. Knowing that the fugitive slave law was still in forcL, and then seeing him, I concluded it was time for me to be leaving here. I took the cars and went to Boston, and after remaining there some time, there came some slaveholders to arrest a slave. His name was William Craft. I armed mvself on that occasion, and went out to fight for him. I remained there about three weeks, and then went to New Bedford, and staid there about three weeks, and like a fox I came right back to where I started from — Philadelphia. I got a situation on a freight barge, and the first morning of my cooking I drew a bucket of salt water and made coffee. The Captain said, "Cook, what is the matter with the coffee ? Why," said he, "you have made it out of salt water!" " No," said I. " Well, now," he said, " taste it." I did so, and after tasting, I said, "Why, captain* somebody has put salt into it, for I made it out of fresh water." " Well, where did you get the water then?" "I drew ( 23 ) he would t I blazed ; in a few ad he with skirmish 1 inges and n rooming an . This ve been in i formerly it from the side-well." " Is not that salt," said he? " No, sir," said I. "Well, then, draw a bucket and taste it," said he. So away I went and drew it. " Tuko a full drink," he said. Not knowing I took a dipper and took a hearty swallow, but I tell you I dropped it very quick, and it so amused the captain that he laughed heartily. I always know the differ- ence between salt and fresh water after that time. I shall now pen a few lines of poetry Although it is not refined, I hope you will look upon it as coming from a person that never had the privileges of an education. Being born a slave, all 1 can tlo is to venture : ifiice as a ore espe- thy father md which )bath day strive to )f people; will shun »ne. Jet, and I ice." He lere ?" I 5 that the ghim, I took the sre some ve. His occasion, 3ut three sre about where I a freight a bucket ok, what kve made he said, captain* of fresh "I drew Slavery, tlioii cruel cume, 'roleratecl more tliun two hundrecl years; Corrupted by moral laws, Supported by kings and emperors. Thou forced a thousand tear.s From mothers and fathers dear — Whilst hearts molted from fear ; Hell only is tliy peer. You flourished long enough , To cultivate the coin; Farewell, old master, Your loss is our gain. None but the free Can enjoy themselves aright — None but the free Can serve the t^ord indeed. Slavery hath made a code, Abridged the freman's law: Reject the black, resjject the white, This was always slavery's code. Taney in his decision, Confirmed this mode; His cruel decision Supported slavery's code. My languishing body is at rest — Achinas and pains are over; To be free is to be blessed; Slaveiy thou art no more. Your clinking chains are hushed. You cannot wear our lives away ; Toiling in the cotton and cane bush. Freedom now has her sway. FP ,iill i I ( 24 ) And now, dear reader, I return to the placo I left off at, which was concerning tlio (H)IVo(% raado out of, or made with salt water, which I iiiformod you I soon got tired of, and shortly after which, and whilst hiying at Brooklyn, New York, there came an Irishman on board of the vessel, and said tome: •* Cook, como up to my house to-night; Ave are going to have a danco." So I went u|) to danco with the Irish girls, and danced until my feet got in a perspiration, and then I took my boots off and took it b.iro-footed, as I saw the girls doing the same. On the next day my foot were so swollen that I was not able to attend to my business for a week, and that put an end to my dancing. TIius I came to the conclusion that I would bo a hotter man. ' I further concluded that slipping and sliding would not find a place of safety in the United States. I did not want to go to Canada, because it was so cold; at least from what J had heard, I had come to the belief that it was so cold I could not live there at all ; for I had been taught to sing the old song: "Winter time, fodder-house; summer-time, shady tree." And b(3sides hearing such bad reports of starvation and knowing that I was poor, I concluded that I would go to California. Standing on the wharf one day and looking at a steamer that was going to California, the second pastry- cook backed out, and I agreed to take his place. The steamer's name was the North America. She sailed from New York, March iid, 1851, and after being out on the ocean three days, the steward began talking pretty rough to me. I was going to whip him, or give him a chance to whip me, and he went forward and told the clerk. The clerk came and told me that the steward was an officer of the vessel, and that I must obey him. He pulled out his book and asked me to sign the articles. I told him no, but he said it was the rules of the ship, that all seamen must sign the articles; and so long as I did not sign them I was only a passenger, working my way out, and so they could not cuff me around as they did the others, whenever they felt dis- posed so to do. There is no {person knows what hard times the poor sailors Jiave, but those who go in vessels to traverse the briny ocean. One thing 1 know, the life is worse than some dogs fare in these United States. When the ship landed at at, which with salt i shortly rk, there ^ to me : ? to have jirls, and took my loing the lat I was that put sion that )uld not not want om what }o cold I sing the e, shady larvation ould go looking pastry- The 3d from }. I le ocean to me. hip me, k came vessel, ok and ) said it ign the only a Qot cuff bH dis- sailors ) briny 1 some ided at ( 25 ) Gorgonia, I told the purser that \ was goin"; to California, and I wantod him to pay mo my money for my labor. I said to him, "Do you soo anything groen in my oy(*?" But, however, I concbulfid that I was oven, so I picked uj) a pil- low-case, and put iialf a ham in it and two loaves of broad, and started over the side of tlie ship with it into a boat, and went on shore. Ai'tor 1 got ashoro I mot a Californian, and he asked me whoro I was going and whore I camo from. I told him that I camo from tlio United States, ami that 1 was going to California, if I could got there', and that I had run away from the ship and liad no money of any account. He put his hand into his pocket, gave nv a ton-dollar gold pioco, and told mo " to koop out of tho whisky shops and dance houses, and you will do well in that country." NoAV this was a white inan, and there were sev(!n colored men aboard the shi[), and some of them had plenty of money, but none of them did anything towards helping mo along at all. When I gt>t up Chagres river, ni}' money was gone : I had no place to sleep, and no money to pay for a sleeping place. I then went down on board of tlie boat, turned my coat-col- lar up and my hat down over my eyes. Tho next morning one of the passengers saw mo and ho said, " Have those colored boys done anything for you, or Rave they helped you any yet?" I said, "No, sir." "Well, why don't you go and ask them ?" I said, "They know I have no money or any- thing, and as tlioy do not give me anything, or ask how 1 am doing, I am not going to ask thorn." I know some of them had either read or heard the folio win ji' words.: " Whosoever hath this world's goods and moels his brother in need, and shuttoth up his bowels of compassion from him, how dwell- eth the love of God in him ?" He gave me a dollai-, and told me to go in and get my breakfast. I went in and got my breakfast, and started for Panama about four o"clr)ck in the afternoon, leaving tho mules and two horses out all night. Avent to the American Hotel, and 1 asked the landlord if 1 could stop there. He said, "Yes," and the first man that got there from the boat was the man that gave me the dollar on board the boat to get my breakfast. His name was Mr. Agner. He said to me, " Cle\n my pants, and bring me some water to wash my feet, and 1 will see that your bill is dd here." He then went to the landlord and said, " Give paid 8 w^ ( 26 ) this man whatever he wants to eat and drink, and I will p;iy it." Then the landlord turned to me and said, "I will give you seventy-five dollars a month if you will act as porter for me." I assured him that I would do so. The colored men I left behind, who camo on the ship tho same time, I met at the door. I said to them, "Give me your names, gentlemen; also your baggage." Say they, " Get out; where is the land- lord?" " Give me your baggage, and just walk into the sit- ting-room." But they still refused to do so. I then called the attention of the landlord, wlio said, " Give your baggage to this man, for he is the porter, and he is the proper represen- tative to take care of it;" wliicli of course made me walk as though I owned all the house. Vou remember just the night before I had nowhere to lay my head ; and being raised from that situation to the porterage of one oi the finest hotels in Panama, it was a large jump. Keader, do you not think I should have been grateful for such a great beneficent benefactor ? How I should strive to render due gratitude unto Him : I should say Avith the poet — HoAv direful then ought I to live, With what religious care; Who such a strict account mrst give. Fo*my behaviour here. At supper time 1 rang the bell, and they all came down to supper, the passengers looking upon me with much astonish- ment. One of them, of dark hue, who had not treated me with the respect he ought to have done, said, "Hallo, Wil- liams, how is it that you have got to be porter here?" This was done to blandish me. I then thought it was my time to treat him with the same contempt that lie had treated me with on the boat. This you know was wrong; it was not doing as my Bible taught me. I once heard of a little girl who read her Bible, and gave proof that she was governed by its precepts. The facts were these: she had been to school; on her way home she met Avith a little girl who always made it a point to push her out of the path. This day it pleased her teacher to give Emma, for that was her name, a great many bunches of grapes, and on her way home, as usual, she came in contact with the other little girl, and she gave this same little girl some of them. Going home will p;iy will give orter for 3d men I [ met at Qtlemen ; he land- ) the sit- illed the ggage to epresen- I wallr, as just the ig raised le finest you not aneficent cratitude down to stonish- ited me lo, Wil- This time to ited me was not btle girl overned been to irl who 1. This was her ler way itle girl, ag home ( 27 ) she told her mother concerning the grapes, and she said to her, ' ' I think your teacher was very kind to give you so many." She told her mother that that was not all she could tell her; for she had given some to a little girl who always pushed her out of the path. I said to the man, "That is my business, sir, and not for you to know.' They staid in the house about six days; then they got a chance to take the old steamship Republic. Henry Smith went on board as steward ; one man of dark complexion am.ongst the crowd said, " I will speak to Mr. Smith to get you a situation on board." 1 said, "Thank you, sir." Mr. Smith came to me, falling back on his dig- nity, after he had been accosted about mo. Speaking to me in u very high tone of voice and with authority, he said, " Mr. So-and-So,'' calling the gentleman by name, " has been talking to me about your wanting to go to California. Says he, "The rest of the boys haA-e all been employed, but if you want to go [ will give you a billet, though the boys have been given wages, if you will work your passage." 1 paused a few moments ; seeing there were hundreds of people here wanting to go and could not get a passage to California from this place, I soon reflected and accepted the billet, having an idea that I could do so much better if I could reach Califor- nia. After I had started and wont on board of the ship with him and had been set to work, 1 remembered that I had a lot of Mr. Agner's clothes at the washerwoman's, and he knew not where they were, and he had been so good to me, so I started to go ashore to take the clothes to him. I spoke to the second steward, and he gave me permission to go and do so. While on shore I met the head steward, Mr. Smith. He cursed me because I came ashore, and said I had no right there ; it made no matter who gave me permission unless it came from him. He said, " You shall not go in the ship, so you may stay here." A few of the passengers gathered around and heard him talking to me, and were going to club him. I went back and told Mr. Agner what had happened, and he said, " Ne^er mind ; it is all right. I will pay your passage out to California in the Jenny Lind." He paused for a few moments, after which he wrote a note to Capt. Hudson. The captain looked at the note, and then said, "I thought you went aboard in the steward's boat last night?" " I did, sir," ir I' i!':j Ml ii'i.ll ( 28 ) said I, ' * but the steward said I should not go in the ship, because I came ashore to get Mr. Agner's clothes that I had taken to the washerwoman's for him." "Then," says he, ' ' you may go and wait on the doctor. Doctor, " says he, ' * you take this man to wait on you ;" and away I went on board of the ship again. The steward came to me and said, " What are you doing on board here, sir? Get ashore." I said, "I will not do it, sir." "Then," said he, "have you paid your fare?" Said I, " That is none of your business." He then said, "All right ; I will lind out," and off he goes to the clerk. The clerk said to him, " This man is all right, steAvard, never mind him. " The next morning early the stew- ard came to me, and said, " Williams, come here ; I want you to take charge of the first and second officers and state-rooms, and I want you to keep them clean." I saw t^ie low cunning and dirty trick in giving me rooms that I could not make a cent off of them. I said to him, " I will not do it," and he said he would have me put in the coal-hole right away, and away he started off. The captain said, " What is the matter with you, Williams, that you cannot obey the steward ?" I said to him, "The steward did not want me to come on board here, and now he wants me to do a whole lot of work, and the doctor told me not to obey any one except the first officer, the clerk or himself." Then said the captain to me, "The steward is an officer of the ship, and if you have any time to do anything he asks you to do, do it ." He then turned to the steward, and said," " Steward, you have no control over this man ; he belongs to the doctor." I, therefore, never had any time to do anything for him, and I was a complete pet among the passengers. They gave me money, and they also gave me six boxes of wine. One man of dark hue, who was steerage steward, whose name was William Nutter, from Bos- ton, come to me to buy this wine. He had no money, but the steward went his securitv. This was done to cheat me, but I was not aware of it. After we were out about six days, the saloon waiter was taken sick, and I had to doctor him. I noticed one dav that the head steward, the second steward and the stoie-keeper, were drinking a bottle of champagne wine. The head steward called me and gave me a glass. This he done to deceive me, and he said, at the same time, •' I am very sorry that I did not hire you and put you on 29 ) the ship, hat I had says he, says he, I went on and said, ihore." I have you msiness." F he goes all right, the stew- want you ;e-rooms, ' cunning )t make a " and he way, and lie matter ard?" I on board '^ork, and 3t officer, le, "The Y time to ed to the over this 3ver had plete pet ;hey also who was om Bos- aey, but beat me, ;ix days, tor him. steward tmpagne a glass. \e time, you on wages," and he said to me, " Won't you come down, and wait on the captain's dinner, and 1 will fix it so that you can get a little money from the ship."' I done so the next day. He said tome, " Williams, if you will take these state-rooms and take care of them, you will be able to make something off of them, for I see you are the best man in tne ship," and I, beinii' inexperienced at tlu!,time, and anxious to make all that I could, bit at the bait, but nevc^r ate it. 1 never made a cent for uiy time or labor, so you can sec what a man that has made his escape from the blood-hounds hath to undergo to reach the shores of California, where he could be free and safe from all danger of bting apprehended. W^hilst in that country I saw some that I had to run away from, yet I would have you to understand that 1 had no running away to do in California. The boat was caught in a gale, and we were four weeks getting from Panama to San Francisco. On the loth day of May, 1851, I took a little boat, called the Jenny Lind, and came to Sacramento, and 1 then started to the mines. The first place I came to was called Negro Hills. 1 worked there some time and made nothing but my board. At that time there were no stages in the country at all, and we miners had to go on horseback and on foot. I made up my mind to leave this part of the diggings; I did so, and started for Kelsey's Diggings. I packed my rocker that we washed the gold with, my prospect-pan, and my pick and siiovel, and led the way. I started over the hills and valley h, prospecting for gold, and my bed, when night came on, was under some cedar tree, and I had to pack my grub under my head to keep the wolves and coyotes from stealing it. We had no law in the country at that time, and so we miners constituted a law lor ourselve.s. ' I was one of the miners that was present on an occasion to try another miner for the crime of stealing $50 from another. We put a rope around his neck and intended to frighten him, and he said if we let him down he would tell; so we let him down, and he went and got the money. Had ho not got the money, what the result vould have been I am unable to tell the reader; one thing I am about to alfirm, I would never have con«!ented to have taken the man's life. I was the only col- ored man in the crowd, and it was left for me to pass my opinion, and I said, "If he gives up the money let him go;" „ I 1 i» ,,,,) f . t i •fl, ■l(i ■' 1 ' 4 '1 1 ■ ■ •■ i ' f. ( 30 ) for I felt greatly opposed to taking the man's life; yet in a body of men there are always different opinions, and I do not think the poor fellow would have had much lenity shown to him, it being thought a very dastardly trick for one miner to steal from another. Any man that made up his mind to go to the mines at that time, he must be a man that feared tio noise, or else he had better stay at liome, for the miners feared no noise at that time, it being a newly-settled country with wild beasts and also wild people. I belonging to the party that believed in liberty, it made me a little wild also. Persons living in places where they have to be a law to themselves, are, of course, nearly or quite as apt to resort to very stringent laws as the more sure remedy to lessen crime. Whether it be the fact or not, it requires thought, as time expounds all mira- cles, and it takes time to tell about that. However, the state of things is much better now in California than was the case on my arrival there. Many adventures have been made by persons from the States, colored and white. There are now instances on record where both classes have gathered con- siderable of this world's good-!. Some are now enjoying the benefits of their labor, whilst others, who worked hard in the mines and have gathered a large portion of this world's goods and have had no advantage, neither will they ever reap any advantage hereafter from their privations, although they have borne the burden in the heat of the day — collected the spoils; but, ah, they have sown sparingly — they have sowed . the good seed sparingly, I mean ; but ill- gotten means never stay long with the receiver. Some have plundered and robbed, perhaps I may say truthfully, murdered; anyway, just so that I get — no matter about the remaining — just so I get my booty. I have never for a moment thought of wronging any one out of their dues; that is what made me so bitter against slaveholders. By reading this book ere this you are con- vinced that I have been bitter against such men. But for the Emancipation Proclamation I should be the same this day, although, like many others, I liave been accused through life falsely. On the 15th day of May, a. d. 1851, you have learned I arrived in the city of Sacramento. You have also learned that I worked in the gold mines called Nigger Hills; I worked ( 31 ) yet in a incl I do ty shown ne miner 5s at that > he had > at that asts and ieved in u places course, laws as be the 11 mira- he state he case lade by .re now ed con- ing the lard in world's er reap ;h they ed the sowed . never )bbed, ist so et my gany gainst con- it for this •ough led I irned •rkfld ' there about six months, and seeing nothing could be made there I left and went to Kelsey's Diggings. I worked there about three months, with no better success. I then returned to the city of Sacramento. I there commenced carrying the hod, which I did for three months, at six dollars per day. After which I bought out the goodwill and fixtures of a large restaurant, and kept it for the entertainment of the whites. Be it known, that about that time there was a number of slaves brought to California by their masters, one of which was a woman, brought there by her master, who would not allow one man or men to go to his house. But I went there, taking a white man with me at the time, and took her away. In a few days lier master comes to my establishment, bring- ing with him an officer, who presented a pistol at me, saying, at the same time, " Williams, you must go and get that wo- man you stole from Mr. Wholeman, or I will blow your brains out." "Very good, sir," says I, "come on," I lead- ing the way. Taking him direct into lawyer Zabriski's office, I alleged my complaint auainst him for pointing a six-shooter at me, and he was. held for trial, which was given in my favor. Of course I retained her, and, in one week after, this woniiin loft and went back to her master, telling him that I threatened to shoot him. His party get- ting after me caused me to leave there, and on the boat ply- ing between Sacramento and San Francisco I was attacked by a party of Missourians, and beaten very badly, and had to be rescued by the captain, after having run into the ladies' saloon. From thence I took the boat and went to Mexico, irom Mexico I went to Guaymas, and there I was robbed by a woman, I seeing her when she committed the robbery whilst I was laying in bed, I arose in the morn- ing, and, after having dressed myself, went to her room and knocked at the door. I told her I \/auted her to give me my money. She soon went and brought her brother, who in- formed me, if 1 said that his sister robbed me he would cut my head off. I told him that 1 did not say so. He then told me that 1 must treat him. I had only 82 50; however, I treated him and 1 was left without mono}', and 1 had to be out some three or four weeks without any means at all to de- pend upon. I at last got a chance to work my passage to ( 32 ) ^A •A\ l| I • I Mazatlan, and on arriving there witliout anything or any money, all [ had to live on was a sixpence per day, and the way I procured that was, T in ueneral begged it from the sailors. At this time Isold my coat -the only one I had got. Having but one shirt, I used to go to the shore and wash it, and lay there until it was dr}'. The bed 1 laid on was the ground; often were the times when the police wanted to ar- rest me, but I would not consent, because I said to him, " The earth only is my bed, the canopy my covering, and often a rock my pillow." Thus, you see how 1 got along so far. Be it known that 1, at this time, had a chum, a white man. He and I agreed to ship and go to TalcTiana. We did so by shipping in a bark named the Calilrna; the captain's name was Wilson — known then by the n>ime of Bully Wil- son, from the fact that ho was said to flog all the sailors ha hired. I and my partner concluded that, as it onl}' took two months to make the trip, we (jould make the voyage with him, as v.e said we could live with Old Sammy three months. On the voyage he flogged all hands except us. We con- cluded, as a matter of course, that our turn was next. Ac- cordingly, Ave fixed our mind in this way, that if he flogged one he must be man enough to tiog both. At length he com- menced with me, and my chum seconded the motion, and we had a free thing of it. In the melee I received a mark that I shall carry to my grave. However, we made port; the crew was arraigned for mutiny, or, however, he discharged all the orew except me and my chum. Him he put in prison for mutiny, and me he retained on board. 1 told him, after he had hired ;i Spanish crew, he had broke the articles of agree- ment, and he must discharge me. But he would not, saying that he could not do without me; consequently 1, that night, ran away from the ship. As a matter of course he had to get a Spanish cook and leave, iiut, before he left, he saw the American Consul, and advised him, when 1 came in town, to have me arrested and tried, and, if found guilty, to make me serve out my time in the prison or chain-gang. liUckily, I could talk the Spanish Linguage, and I gained the favor of the chief officer, and by his means my chum and I were re- leased from prison, i\nd I reshippod in a ship named Kate Hayes, for California, and after \ had shipped on board of the above-named vessel, learning that 1 had shipped with ( '^> ) ig or any and the from the I had got. 1 wash it, I was the ted to ar- l to him, ring, and ; along so 1, a white We did captain's uUy Wil. sailors he took two mge with e months. We con- ext. Ac- le flogged h he com- a, and we nark that ; the crew ed all the )rison for after he of agree- 3t, saying lat night, e had to t, he saw in town, to make liUckily, 3 favor of were re- led Kate board of Ded with another bad man, I did, as [ always think of doing, making the best of a bad bargain. 1 found there was no error in the report, for no sooner than the first or second morning did I receive a partial chastisement from him. I bore with him until I was some five or six days oat at sea, when, one morn- in<_'', I made my mind vip that I was now safe to carry out my designs. Accordingly, he had been told by the mate to let me alone, but ho would not. I turned on him one morning, and after fightin:^' some time, I, after being called to by the mate, related my grievance to him, but still kept on fighting. The mate called the captain, who, after seeing the situation^ said that we should fio-ht it out. Finding him rather good for a knock down, I gathered him for a rough and tumble — as used to be the common way of fighting. After throwing him, I struck him whilst down. The captain then struck me with a main-brace, and 1 ran and refused to fight; he made mo come back, for he had called all of the passengers to wit- ness the tight, and had declared we should fight it out on that line, as General Grant said. I went back and commenced the old field-fight. Header, are you aware of the old field -fight what it is ? I mean butting, and I held him and butted him un- til he sang an old song — which was murder. I tell you, af- ter that, I had peace. Arriving at Ban Francisco in the Fall of '53, 1 there found civil law established. Then I concluded that I could remain, and not be molested by Copper- heads or Southern sympathizers, as I had done before. I then concluded to make my abode there for awhile, and therefore I did. I returned back in the fall of '58, as you liave learned. In '54 I was private watchman for James King of Wm.. who was killed by Casey, who was afterwards hung by the Vigilance Committee for the crime in '55. I then returned to Sacramento, and came to the conclusion that I would get work on the Levee, but as no colored per- sons had ever worked there, it was determined that I should not, and after repeated interruptions, which resulted in suits at law, and me paying fines, having my property destroyed, etc., and at length fights, I proved my determination to them, and they gave me countenance. Since which time the way, through my determination, hath been opened, and col- ored men cm now work on the Levee, as much so as white men, and be respected in their doings. It must be acknowl- ( 34 ) ». 1- I "I h'.'. ' k-i edged by all lliafc the credit is due to me for opening the way succcsi.sfully, hy hardships endurcHl by me, like a good sol- dier, having witnessed the bad usage of colored men on the Levee. This will bo understood to have been done pre- vious to the state of things as they now exist ; 1 am aware such is not the case now. 1 speak of the time when such law as existed in the State of Delaware, prior to the passage of the civil rights bill, when the oath of a black man was ob- jecUfd to, and the court was bound to sustain the ol)jection. Agreeable to the pcMiding law, the colon-d [)eople were not allowed their oath against a white man. Now we have rights of oath in the civil courts; thank God for that. T then went to work in the Southern mines for a man, at $100 per month, and, after working for him some six months, he either raised a false report, or caused ( iie to be raised, in order to get a certain class of men to pursue me, to make me leave the place, to elude paying me my money, and he ac- complished his design. Meeting him sometime after and asking him for ni}' money, he told me that were he me he would not want any money — that 1 should be glad that 1 got oft* with my life, much less receiving any money. In '56 1 returned to Sacramento again, and kept a junk- store on ^^econd street. During the same year 1 sold out my store, and went to driving an express wagon, and remained sometime at that business. In "57 — I suppose the reader perhaps has heard concerning the Archy case, which was the arrest, and an attempt to remand the said Archy, he being, at that time, a slave. I was the first man in the fray, which occurred on the night of the attempted arrest, which was consummated, and they gained the suit; yet we succeeded in rescuing the man, and sent him to Vancouver Island, and he, Archy, is now a resident of Sacramento. Boarding in the house together, I, his fellow, who aided in the rescue, we have talked over the matter often. I feel proud of the few I have aided to escape from slavery. I know the ills of it, though I was young when 1 cast off the yoke of bondage from my shoulder, feeling myself a little larger. Thinking, with a number of my colored friends, that I would like to breath purer air, I, with a number, emigrated to Vancouver Island, where we thought the air was more pure; but, on ar- riving there, finding the air somewhat tainted, I returned ( 35 ) g the way good sol- en on the iloiio prc- am aware I siicli law assage of was oli- >bjection. were not ave rights L man, at K months, raised, in to make md he ac- ifter and he me he id that 1 BT. t a junk- d out rav remained e reader ii was the 16 being, y, which lich was 3eeded in , and he, ig in the scue, we f the few ills of it, bondage ["hinking, d like to ancouver it, on ar- returned back to SiKM-amento, and went back to my old business, driv- ing jin express wngon. I remained in this business until '59, when the Washoe excitement broke out. T caught the fever also, and sold out, and all the money that 1 gained by sale. I spent in provisions, and started. 1 met persons returninr who had started, and they informed me that 1 could never arrive at the place. I had determined to go to Virginia City, Washoe. I arrived at Strawberry Valley, in which there was a great many persons, who had arrived there before me, and it looked doubtful to any one. Yet having all 1 owned at stake, besides having borrowed some fifty dollars, and being broke, 1 resolved to trust in God, and go and see the end, or die in the attempt. There was a good bed of snow on the ground. Having two horses with me, I provided as best I I could, and lay down on the ground. In the morning I was covered with snow and ray horses al»o. After repeated en- treaties not to attempt it, I, with several others, started through the snow, and at times our horses were down and up ; yet we crossed the Summit, and made the quickest trip on record. But it was through much fatigue. We encamped in the valley of Genoa, proving by demonstration that a man cannot toll what he can endure until he puts his might into will. After we recruited, we started for Virginia City, and after arriving there the people ran to meet us to purchase the produce which wo had. Flour, at that time, was worth one dollar per pound. We disposed of what we had, I real- izing three hundred dollars for what flour I had. To the best of my judgment I disposed of the produce, and after being fully satisfied with my adventure, I tried to make as good an observation of the surroundings as I could, viewing with the utmost precaution all that came under my notice, which I will defer saying anything about at present. Reader, I have lived long ; have traveled in numerous parts of the world ; have observed many things. I have learned things that would perhaps be of great service to many that this little treatise may fall into the hands of. I have learned to strive to live as peaceably as lieth in my power with all persons, to insure safety of person, for better is it to have the good favor of a dog than the ill-will of him, for I have learned, by ill-using him, that he will remember the abuse. I have learned by experience that kindness is ( 3« ) 1:^ if m nover forfi[otten by the creature. Ho 1ms been known to think of or remember his master so mucli or so h>ng, that, when his master hath been borne to the j>rave. he liath fol- lowed the procession. He has carried his young master's toys and playthings, scratched a hole in the earth where the body was deposited, and put them in ; after being confined to prevent this recurring, ho has moaned, in his way, until he has been released, and has then refused to oat, and finally has stretched himself on the grave, and there remained until he expired. Could it be thought for a moment that ill- usage ever caused him to do thus ? I answer, no ! I have learned this by experience. I have told you, ere this, concerning a gentleman who gave me a ten-dollar gold piece when in a strange country, out of money and friends, for all was strange to me. Think you I can ever forget the act of kindness that gentleman done me? No. I could not think of ever forgetting it. I have met several gentlemen that I shall always remember, and when, at my secret devotions, they appears foremost in my mind, oh, how bright they do appear. It seems that I carry them to the haven of eternal repose. I also have learned that I must, if I expect friends, show myself friendly, for it is a fact uncontradicted successfully. 1 have learned experimen- tally, if I act selfishly with persons I need expect nothing short of it. Believe me, the man of generosity receives the same. Says the teacher of Christianity, be kind and affec- tionate one to another, not begrudging ; that is not the way to receive generosity, by no means. Let this be remem- bered, dear reader, you may be in the situation that I have been in before now, surrounded by strangers, not one cent in your pocket, and not a place to lay your head ; you will then wish to come across a friend — one who will take you upon his own breast and take you to an inn, and say to the landlord : " Take care of this man or woman, and when I return I will pay you." Oh, what joy would spring up in your heart ! I have witnessed the like myself by my own experience, when in a strange land. Further, in my travels, I have found out, to my satisfaction, that to command the respect of others or from others, one lesson I must first learn, that is, to respect myself, which implies respect beggeth re- spect. For if the individuals first respect themselves ( :i7 ) nown to )g, that, Imth fol- raaster's here the confined ay, until d finally led until that ill- I have nan who country, Think lan done jave met id when, ly mind, *ry them d that I r it is a :>erim en- nothing sives the id afFec- the way remcm- it I have one cent you will ake you y to the when 1 > up in my own travels, land the jt learn, geth re- mselves others will respect thoni in turn. I hiivo found the same in all my journeys through life. In all places that I have betm in the rule holds to he the sani(!. Header, respect yourself, and you will 1)0 respected. You will live " that the world may bo made better by you, and yoa will die regretted by all who endeavor to respect themselves." After I had made my escape from one of tlio American slaveholders, whose name J have given you, I walked by the same rule I have endeavored to lay down here for you to govern yourself by, and I n(3vor give advice to anyone unless I first proved the same to be good for the receiver. Thus my rule is, first to be sure that 1 am right, then go ahead. It is the only sure road to the summit for all who wish to rise in life. I previously promised to tell you more about Washoe After I had sold my fiour, I thought that I would purchase some land there, but after inquiry, I found the customs did not suit me, as I learned that shooting was the order of the day. If there would bo a bargain efi'ected with a party, and there arose any misunderstanding, redress appeared to be only had by shooting. I found that would not suit me at all. I then relinquished the thought of buying land in that place. I then went to Carson City, but ere I went there I returned to Sacramento, and made another trip and was caught in a storm and lost all of my produce, but after ar- riving at Carson City I sold one horso, and bought six lots, and then went to work by hand. This was done in '60. During the same year there was a flood in Sacramento, and I, at that time, owned a house there. That was washed away. After working by hand some two months and re- ceiving nothing, the customs being such, I returned to Cali- fornia, and remained there until '63, at my old business. I then went back to Carson City, and sold the property owned by me. I then went to Virginia City, and bought six lots, and went back in '65 and sold two lots, realizing $2,5U0 for them, I then returned to California, and got a billet on board of the cars, and held it for two months. I was then taken sick, and so remained for eighteen months, and so I lost my billet. In the year 1867 I was appointed agent and collector by the trustees of A. M. E. Church, in the city of Sac- ramento, and acknowledged by the then elder — now Bishop Ward — as agent, collector and superintendent of the above i"' 11 ( •iH ) ohurch, unci 1 went forward and I built tho church, yet, like all other groat undertakinpis hy man, tho credit that was duo me I did not got. Tiie reader is awaro of tho fact that when in pul)lic life, wo cannot got the praise due us in our under- takings. I finished the church, receiving for my labor two dollars per day, traveling expenses, board and all paid me. I held the above office until '09, when 1 settled u^) and re- signed my situation. There was now a situation awaiting for me to accept — the agency of building or collecting for and superintending tho building of another A. M. E. church in San Francisco on my return there, which I call my home. I thought in tliis short treatise, I would give my experience, and the treatment which I have met with. I have never had the privilege of attending school, being born a slave, and not having the chance of educatiDu. Having been informed, in part, w^hat education would do for me, how I have wished for to be young again, and have the privilege of going to school. I have been told a great deal about its effects. It is said by one, X am informed, the term education, when employed in its primitive sense and literal signification, means the draw- ing out or development of the human faculties. When we look on a child we perceive at once that, besides corporeal organs and powers, he has a spiritual nature, in which these organs act themselves, but not an unmeanini^ activity. We see that this little being has intelligence, sensibility and will. Such powers exist in early infancy but as germs, which are des- tined, however, to burst forth, and which, like the vegetat- ing powers of the seed that we have planted, are ready to be directed and controlled by us almost at our will. As we can train to a healthy and graceful maturity the young plant, which, if neglected, would have proved unsightly and sterile, so we can train up in tho way he should go that child, who, if left to himself, would have almost been vicious and ignorant. It is the peculiar pliablity and impressibility of this early period of life that gives it such claims on tho educator, whether his intellectual or his moral powers can hold inter- course with or act upon the world without, except through the material organs. And in our present state these organs are also necessary to the soul, even in its more spiritual operations , and they weigh it down to imbecility whenever they become greatly diseased or enfeebled. When habit has once fastened IV yet, like was duo mt when r under- bor two mid me. and re- iwaiting ting for church homo, urience, ver had ve, and ormed, wished school, said by oyed in 3 draw- hen we rporeal h these We see . Such re des- igetat- idy to As we plant, terilo, who, orant. early cator, inter- rough IS are tions, >come tened :# ( 31) ) itsflf on the intellect or the heart, niid the heart'H appealH and influences are compunifively powerless, in whatever de- gree, then it may bo our interest and duty to promote the welfare of our fellow creatures, and es])ecially of our own children in the same d<'gree. 'i'lius it becomes important that we lose no portion of that precious seed-time of their lives. }farli for lack of knowledgts. Educu ted. in one sense, this child will be for weal or woe. For iiatnro's (vn>Hi'('iit does not grow ulone In tliows iitid bulks, Imt as this templo wears, TIio inwiinl service of tho minil antl soul Grows wide withal. It is for the parent or fj^uardian to decide what character this development shall take. The ])ower of education we are not disposed to oveirate. It has sometimes been de- scribed, eve.n bv wise men, as an all-prevailing element or agent, which can turn the minds of children, as easily this way or that, an water itself, and before which all original differences may be made to disappear. It seems to us that a slight acquaintance witii children is sufficient to refute this story or theory. Even when reared in the same family, and subject to the same course of physical and moral training, they exhibit, amid a general resemblance in manners and principles, the greatest diversity of endowments and dispo- sitions. It is evidently not to be desired that all men and women should be cast in the same intellectual, more than in the same corporeal mould. And hence, though compounded of the same primitive elements, these elements have been so variously mingled and combined, that each individual has his own peculiar and indestructible nature, as well as his own sphere of action, that thus every place and calling can be filled. As this variety then exists, and never can be entirely effaced, it ought to be respected in education ; but does it follow that the work of education is, therefore, slight or un- important, while we are bound to take the individual as he is. And having his peculiar type of character and measure ( 40 ) i ! of capacity, to keep these ever in view, is there not still a vast work to be accomplished ? Tt is the business of educa- tion to watch the dormant powers, and foster their healthy and well-proportioned jjjrowth; restraining and repressinoj where their natural activity is too great, and stimulating where they are too feeble. To rosi)ect each one's individuality is not only consistent with this great work but is indispensable to its highest success. Doing so, we can effect vast changes and improvements in character; the sluggish we may not be able to inspire with great vivacity, nor subdue the ardent or enthusiastic to the tone and calm of a calculating spirit, liut we can arrest the dangerous . tendencies in each. We can correct mental obliquities and distortions, and cultivate a healthy and self-improving power. We can study the pur- poses of the Creator in framing such a mind, and strive wise- ly as well as unceasingly to fulfill those pur]>oses. In a word, we can labor to rear this child, vet without ti\ed character or compacted energies, to the stature of a perfect man or woman. As one star is different from another star in mag- nitude and splendor, though each in its appointed place is equally perfect, so, in the intellectual firmament, one mind maj' outshine another, and yet both alike be perfect in their sphere, and in fulfilling the missions assigned by God. Mil- ton has called that a complete and generous education which fits a man to perform justly, skillfully and magnani- mously all the offices, both private and public, of peace and of war. It is evident that such an education can be enjoyed only by a few, and that, though enjoyed by all, it would be- stow on but a limited number the lofty ca]iacities indicated by the great poet. A vasi j)ropovtion of the walks of human life are humble and shelterel. Let us be grateful, however, that, while in such walks we escape the fiery trials which await those who tread the higli places of earth, they still afford scope and opportunity for the exercise of tne most manly and generous qualities. He may be great both men- tally and intellectually who has tilled no distinguished office, either of peace or war. Let it rather be our object, then, in rearing the young, to form a perfect character, to build up a spirit of which all must say, as was said of Brutus by Anthony : His life Aviis gentle, and tlio elements So mixed in him, tha'. nature might stand up And Kay to all the world, this was a man. )t still a 1" educa- Ithy and g where where nality is 3ensablo changes not be I'd en t or spirit, th. We ultivate iho pur- ve wise- a word. a(;ter or man or n mng- >laot) is e mind in their 1. Mil- uciition agnani- iice and enjoyed uld be- :licatod liuman •wever, which y still 3 most I men- office, then, build tus by ( 41 ) I have here narrated a few simple facts of what some men of literary attainments call education, and by me, periTsing as well as I could, it gives me a faint glimpse of what I might have been if I h'ld been sonl to school when young; and by perusing this little treatise you may consider as I have, that no one can tell what they can do, if they only have a mind. As we often say, where there is a will to do, there always is a way to perfoiin, 1 am of opinion that such lan- guage is nothing but fact, incontrovertible, successfully. Let some who arc in the habit of saying, " I cannot,'' use the word, " r will try;" make the effort, and I assure you that you will succeed in all laudable endeavors. I once learned of a certain lady who hired a cook who was smart, and she would always got her work done, and had time to sit, walk oat or sew in the afternoon. At length she left her place, and the lady had to employ another, who was not so smart, and as, is usually the custom, the lady said to the servant, " How is it you are always at work and never have any time ? Why, Biddy always was done and out walking, or sitting- sewing, or resting herself." The girl was anxious to know how she could do it. " Oh, said the lady, "perseverance." The ne\t day the family had apple-dumplings for dinner ; there Avere eight loft ; the girl sat down to her dinner, and ate tlioni all. Towards evening, the lady, feeling as though she would like to have an apple* dumpling, said to Biddy, " Please ;j,ive mo one of the ap[)lo dumplings that was left from dinner?'' " Oh," says she, "I ate thorn." '• Why," said the lady, " did you cat all of them V" "Yes, madam," said IJiddy . '• How did you manage to eat chem a II ?" ' ' Oh, " said Bid.ly, "[perseverance, matlam, persevorauce. Is not that the way you told me ? The girl done the work and rested or sewed or walked out in the al'ternoon. I ate the dumplings — only eight- -and T have rested since then, and I think, if I continue persevering, I will just do like che other girl did, after awhile," It is generally the case in whatever we undertake ; if we strive to we can do it by perseverance. Allow me to say to you, reader, let your motto bo, "Prosson." If misfortune assail, press on ; the rougher the way the shorter — press on. If the sky is cloudy, it will be clear some time — press on. If yoi cannot get far, go on as far as you can, thinking " man's extremity is God's opportunity." He will make use I i' llj' ( 42 ) of it, and biiiig you out in a way that you are not aware of, and, as the ))oet 'ays, when viewing his forlorn situation, " Ten tlioiiBand foes iivotmd my feet, Not one shall hold nie fast; Through every trouble I shall meet I shall be safe at last." Take tlic watcliword and go on. I am telling you to do what you have already learned that I have done. I have have been without money, and I have been cast out in a strange land amongst strangers, without means. 1 kept on ; I strove to kec}) my head above the current. I did so. I have done nil in my power to get an honest living. I have been as charitable as it has been in my power. Doing all the good that I could, and the Lord has blessed my efforts, and I am still living, and although I havp been near the water's edge, the water has never overflowed me ; and i am still floating on the current with ray head above water I hope, my reader, that you will ta^e ii =,h courage, and press on, as the dav will soon break. ^7 '. •: in an ai>e of progress — in the same ago we were created. In the way the world was created, progress was the order of the creation. I am convinced of the fact, and I am led to believe that many of my readers are convinced of the same thing. How thankful I aih that I am no wor? off than I am; although I have bee^ vorj ungrateful to my lioavcnly Father, yet he has favored me, and had I been do.alt with according to my jusi deserts 1 should be this day crying for water to cool my tongue. I think all with me will say the the same, if they look back upon their past lives. We may not be what we should be, but having such a kind benefactor we always receive more than we are worthy to receive. I always have to acknowledge this to be the manner that I am treated by my heavenly Creator. My dear readers, I feel that all of my new imperfections will be overlooked ' ^ your kindness, more especially wi\en you think of the chances that I have 'jeen deprived of by my once-called master. The time I should have been attending school I had to be dodg- ing and running to keep out of the way from him, and sleep like a cat, as I before tola you, with one eyv'3 open and the other eye not shut, and be ever ready to run or walk further ( 4:3 ) aware of, situation. ^ou to do • I have out in a kept on ; id so. I vmfl upon I to the ifiantlj; They s dying y they not es- ustine- and con- y, and IS, and 3S fra- inger. every lutiful nged, gone, here, have been y 4 ( 47 ) harbinger of joy. When the rose-tree saw that the children of men were dissatisliod Avitli the change she had made, her heart grow sad within her, and she Avishod the power had never been given her to change her sister plants to roses. And tears came into her eyes as she mused, when suddenly a rough wind shook her drooping form, and she opciued her eyes, and found that she had (jnly been dreaming. But an important lesson had been taught. She had learned to re- spect the individuality of her sister flowers, and she began to see that they as well as herself had their own missions. Some to gladden the eye with their loveliness and thrill the soul with delight; some to transmit fragrance to the air; others to breathe a refining influence upon the world; some had power to lull the aching brovv and soothe the weary heart and brain into forgotfulness; and of those whose mis- sion she did not undei-stiind, she wisely concluded there must bo some object in their creation, and resolved to be true to her own earth-mission, and lay her fairest buds and flowers upon the altars of love and truth." In conclusion, I have crossed the ocean some four times. Going to California and returning by the Ohagres river, the scenery is very beautiful, and ]jays the traveler ibr his trou- ble and exj)ense. In coming back, in 1SG1>, I came across the plains on tlio railroad, which is a splendid road . A grand scene to witness: having' an opptjrtunity of seeing wild beasts and the wonderful characteristics of human nature. 3en a Sacramento, t ¥ ^1 In 1869 I was in Washington, and present when Senator Revels was sworn in as a United States Senator. In 1870 I was in Phihidelphia, and walked in the first procession of the celebration of the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment. On March 31st, three days after, about seven o'clock in the even- ing, I was walking up Second street, near Market. As I was crossing the street, I was attacked by three white row- dies. One said, "Get out of the way, you damned black Fifteenth Amendment," and at the same time striking at me and missing me, when I ran into a store, and the store-keeper asked me what was the matter, and I said, "A lot of rowdies are after me ;" and he told me to go out. I said, "No; there is rowdies after me;" and he said, " Go out, go out. I don't care a damn. I am not going to have them break up the things in my store." And with that he shoved me out, and as he shoved me out, one of them struck me with a slung- shot, near the corner of the eye. I, having a hickory cane in my hand, at the same time struck one of the parties and felled him to the ground. Then I broke and ran and cried, " Watch, watch!" I met a policeman and told him there was a lot of rowdies after me, and asked him to go with me and a,rrest them. We went back and found the man that 1 struck, up a little alley, bleeding. The officer asked him what was the matter, and he said that he diil not know. The officer asked him who struck him, and he answered, "I don't know." I spoke up that I struck him — " that is who struck you," Says the officer, " What did this colored man strike you for?" He said, " 1 don't know, sir." One of his companions was standing by, and he stepped up to me and said, " Who struck you?" I said, "You d?d, Avith that slung-shot you have in your pocket." He said, " No, sir; I did not do any such a thing." I said, "Yes, you did." A very respectable mer- chant stepped up and said, "Officer, I was in the act of ( 4!) ) crossing the street and saw the whole affray. This colored man was coming along peaceably and those fellows attacked him. I halted on < le corner and saw this fellow strike him, and then he ran around the corner and comes back and asks who struck him." I said to the officer, "Arrest them and take them to tho watch-houso." The officer stepped up to me softly and said, "Scop here; I want to speak to you a minute. You gave him just as good as they sent, and you have hurt him more than they have hurt you, and I would not have them arrested, for it might cost you something, and I wouldn't like to see you pay anything out, for 1 know they were in fault." This the officer done, pulling the wool over my eyes, I not knowing, at the time, what it was done for. When I came to find out, to my great surprise, they were all Sece.-^h Democrats, well met fellows together Therefore, reader, you can see the result of appointing such men as peace offi- cers. In a few days afterwards I went to New York on some business. Whilst walking up Battery street, I saoing. Wo have plenty of time. AVo have a half of au hour yet. ('omo and take a drink!" "Thank you, sir; I don't drink." At the same time a man came up behind me, and struck me on the back of tlie leg, and the man I was speaking to said, "There, that man has got your pocket-book." I said, " It is not mine." He saidi "Just say so, and we will make some money out of it." Header, I had heard of the drop-game. As I had just been fooled, I came to the conclusion to see it out. This nice gentleman that looked like a merchant, called out, " Say, sir, you have got this man's pocket-book. I saw you when you picked it up." The man said, " I found it down there, and if I give it up he will not give me anything for Ihiding it." Then this nice gentleman said, " How much do you want for finding it." He answered, "Twenty dollars," and pretended to be acrying. This gentleman, taking out a greenback, saying tome, "Have you got any gold? Give him a ten-dollar gold piece." I put my fiiiger to my eye, and asked, " Do you see anything green?" And away 1 went aboard of the boat for Philadelphia. June 3d, 1870, I left Philadelphia, the fourth time, for California, and landed in Sacramento on the eleventh of tlie next mouth, and went to my legitimate business, whitewashing. I worked at that three or four weeks, when I was employed by Jie trustees of the Siloam Baptist Church, as an agent, to collect money to pay off the indebtedness of that church. As a general thing, amongst the people of color in their churches, you can never do enough for them, or satisfy them; so, after collecting some seven or eight months, I resigned my office as a col- lector. Not unto us, Lord, not unto lis, But unto thy Name give glory, For Tliy nierey and for Thy truth. I love the Luid, because he heard my voice. After I resigned my office as a collector, I opened a store on J street, between 9tli and lOth, for groceries, fruit and poultry. This was in 1871. Reader, observe closely as you read. A colored lady that I had been acquainted Avith in the Eastern States wanted me to assist her to come to Cal- ifornia, and I did so. After she arrived in California, she ( 52 y ■ I ir I osked me tolouulier money, to assist her to brin^'hor inothor out, and I did so. After lior mother arrived here, she askod me to lend her some money to furnish a house, and I also did that. She asked me to go to Mr. Wingate, and stand se- curity for her house-rent. I did that. When the rent was due, she did not have the money. Mr. Wingate called at my store, and I paid it. Whilst I remained her security, whenever ho called I paid the bill. Wlienover she wanted groceries, she came to my store, money or no money, and she got whatever she wanted. This lady and myself were the best of friends. I was in the habit of going to her house two or three times daily. She would go with me anywhere and everywhere, when I requested her, and would do anything for me that laid in her power. I was there at her house one afternoon in February, 1872, and leaving at five o'clock to go homo, she followed me to the door, and remarked, that she felt unwell, and would like some lager beer, and I called a young man that was present at the house, and asked him if he would go, and get some beer for Lizey. I gave her ten cents, and she and Alfred Linchcomb went in the house, bidding me good afternoon, as I supposed, to get the pitcher for the beer. I come down K street to 9th street; my attention was drawn by two white gentlemen talking politics. After standing there awhile, the bell rang for six o'clock. I went to the Golden Eagle bar- ber shop, and called Mr. Christopher, saying, •* Are you going home to supper ? " And we both went down Sixth street together. It was raining at that time. 1 raised my um- brella, and we went together as far as O street. I went to my house, and he went home. After arriving at home I ate my supper, and a lady came in about seven o'clock, and we had a little fun. Afterwards I laid down on the loiinge, and went to sleep, to the best of my knowledge. The lady of the house called me, about ten o'clock, to get up from the lounge and go to bed . This was a dark, rainy, stormy night. The lady of the house was sewing, and the house shook so by the wind that she had not gone to bed yet, being troubled with the cramp. About one or half-past one o'clock, I was aroused by her saying" that some one was at the door, asking for Wil- liams. I told her to ask what was wanted. The man said, ** Tell Mr. Williams that Miss Thompson's house is burnt ( 53 ) wn." I ttHkorl, " What Miss Thompson?" Ho answered, • Your Miss Thompson on Hth street." 1 saitl, " Wliere is she ?" He said tliat she was burnt, too. I said, ' ' My God, you don't say so? Como in, until I get my clothes on." Then wo weut to Mr. Shiu^diter's, and called two other gen- tlemen, friends of Miss Thompson, to go with us to the house. Header, take notice and oljserve closely as you read. That day at tho Coroner's jury there were several examined, and I among the rest, and there was nothing found against mo. Tlioy asked mo who was at tho house. I answered that 1 left Alfred Linchcomb there. " Where is he now ?" No one hail seen him that day that was then present. An officer, accompanied by some colored men, went to find him, and when they brought Linchcomb in, tho first thing that I noticed was that ho had changed his pantaloons, and the second thing I noticed was the rings on his fingers, that looked just like hers; the third thing I noticed was, he hung his head on tho palm of his hand, and could not hold it up; the fourth thing 1 noticed, he said that Fred Washington was with him, and Fred Washington had gone to Ban Francisco, the previous day, for I shook hands with him, just as ho went on the boat; the next thing I noticed, he said that there was a gentleman with him by the name of Smith, and the officers brought all the colored men they could find in the City, by the name of Smith. But when they came, none ap- peared to be the man So you see there was a lie some- where. My humble opinion and my belief is, that there was no one with him but the devil. Tho officers, seeing his guilt, arrested him . Then his colleagues and my enemies tried to throw it on me to clear him, more especially the low and degraded class of colored people, t^tanding on the cornerS; and holding caucuses, trying to poison the minds of every well-known respectable white citizen. I was then arrested, and falsely imprisoned, slandered falsely by the newspapers throughout the State, and throughout the United States, and held fourteen days in jail in this manner, yet being innocent. I was not alarmed, for I trusted in God, as the three Hebrew children did in the fiery furnace. When I prayed they said that I was hardening. I said that if tho word of God was hardening, then they may be hardened by the word of God. ^*%: ( oi ) Then well may I say, in tlie Garden of Eden Tiiere was beauty. In the garden of Eden Beauty ^-'oke And spoke to Beauty. And from the word there was Bi'anty, In the garden of Eden, Beauty became A living mortal. When it came to trial there was nothing against me, and I was discharged, and coiikl not receive any re\\ ard as damage for false imprisonment, wiien I had proved that 1 was home and in bed, and had not been out of the house that night. Header, is that a just law, that a man should be arrested in that manner and held for 14 days on suspicion ? Away with such abominable law as that. I hope to s(^e the day when some good, honest-hearted man will be elected to the Legis- lature, who will stand up and use all of his 'orce and en- dea-or to make laws that no innocent man shall be arrested and held over twenty -four hours on suspicion ; and fur- thermore, he siiould not be published in the papers until he is known to be guilty, ind if s ich things should be done, tlie State and County should be hold liable for heavy dam- ages. In February, 1872, I sold out m}' store. I went to woik at the Ceuti'al Pacitioll. R. shops, whitewashing, and act- ing as foreman of the whitewashers. In August, whilst a:^ my employment, I was arrested, charged with a crime that I knew nothing about — taken tlie second time, charged with the same crime that I was not guilty of, and placed in Cliokee, in that low, dirty, cold, miserable place, where you are half starved and don't receive good attention by the keeper. I do not believe thai; they give you what rations the law allows you. Tcaiightmy death-cold there, for I have not had a well day since. Though I look healthy, I am far from it. I would have s.ied the State and Countv for dam- ages if I could, but the authoritios fell back on their dig- nity, and said " We had a right to arrest him on suspicion." Ah, reader, is that fair to hold a man fourtoen davs on suspicion, and, when proved innocent, he to receive no dam- ages for it? I gave officers Geo. Harvey, Moore and Rider credit for their respectful treatment of me. They did no more than their duty. They did t )t hatch up lies to convict an innocent man, as ^nany oiiiers do. My opinion is that ( 55 ) the poor men of the United States do not get justice at hiw as the rich man does. We shoukl have the best hiws in these United States of any place on the face of the globe, bui we are far from it. England now is not as strong as the United States, and her laws are few, but more powerful than the laws of the United States. She protects her sub- jects at home and abroad, more especially at home. Now, reader, let us see the difference between the United States and England, relative to the poorer class of people. There was a white man brought from Idaho, supposed to be Weeks, the murderer, on suspicion. They kept him in about half of the time. They kept Williams in Chokee. After he was proven not to be the man, oh, what did they do ? I noticed that the people of this city raised him some four or five thousand dollars, and gave him a benefit in the theatre. What did 3^ou do for AVilliams, the poor negro ? You did not even honorably acquit liini through your papers. When some of you will be in torment, calling for water to cool your parched tongues, I expect to be in Abraham's bosom. I mean those who are my accusers. Then, when I was ar- raigned for general trial, what did the District Attorney say to the Judge ? ' ' Judge, your Honor, I have no case, or no evidence, to show that this man is gu 'iy. You have heard all the evidence in this case, and there is nothing against him. There was no evidence before thejury, when they imlictedhim. Only the darkies made such a fuss, we thought that wq had better hold him, to see if there could be anything found against him." So the District Attorney made a motion to dismiss the case. Now, reader, is that fair ? Wliere are my damages for being falsely imprisoned V I am speaking against office-holders and office-seekers. All that I can receive for damages is for the people to buy my book. I am wounded and injured for life in my reputation ; everybody looks down on me with a frowning, treacherous look, throughout the world, far and near, A\herever I am kno\N'i. Js it fair that a m.'in should be browbeat in this manner without any cause ? My heart is clear, my hands are clear, my mind is clear, my skirts are clear. I am as clear as the glittering sun of any blood-stains to my skirts. I never have harmed or injured any living thing on the face of the earth, not even to the beasts. I have always been kind hearted, benevolent and I' tt**^ ( ■''>> ) I good-natured to all races, colors and. sexes, without any preju- dice whatever. Header, you can believe this or let it alone. It is immaterial to me whether you believe it or not. God is my sacred Judge. He is sulHeient for all things. I will ever trust in Him. If He is for me, all hell may be against me, and cannot shal< > m}' foundation. " Oh," says me, ' ' why is it that your own people are so down r>n you, or what did you do that they so dislike you ?" I will tell you : " I am a little Southern boy, born in the South, and never had any train- ing at school, having more brains than some of the Northern boys have education. You ask the colored man what is my reputation ? He will say, " He is a bad man." "Well, what did he do to you ?" " O, nothing." " Well, what did you know him to do?" " O, nothing ; but they say he is a bad man." " How long have you known him?" " Ten or fifteen years ; but they say he is a bad man — they say he is a sharp- er." "What kind of a sharper — a gambler?" "No; they say he is sharp, beats you in trade, and he fights." "Is that all ?" "Yes, that is all." " Don't he work ?" " Yes." Header, these phrases are used by colored men that call themselves learned men. Where do you find them? In the whisky mills, the most intellectual colored men we have in our community — at the card-table and the billiard tables. That is the class of men that have been browbeating the South- ern boy ? Are they a criterion to be ruled by or governed by. "Yes; they say your Church brothers and sisters despise you. What did you do to them ?" Let us examine our- selves closely, and see what we have done. One brother, Sheppard. spoke disorder^ in the board meeting. I, doing my duty as a trustee, made a charge against him, and hand- ed him over to the Quarterly Conference, and he was set back. Another brother I spoke to about his breath smelling of whisky in time of service. Tliey always told me that they would get even with me, and this is their little grievance. "But they say he is a bad man; he robbed-the church." Well, let us see how he robbed the church. They appointed him collector and agent for the church. They allowed me two dollars a day, and traveling exi3euses, but I must make the money myself. 1 done so, and turned in about three thousand dollars in eight months, clear of all my expenses. This is what they call robbing the church. There was great ( 57 ) confusion amongst the trustees all the time I was collecting, thinking that 1 was making an easy living. There was one brother amongst them that could shout higher than I could, and was fuller of the Holy Ghost ilian I was, or he pretended to be, and was very anxious for the office, and his friends were anxious for him to have it. After settling up at the trustees' meeting, and they saying that everything was satis- factory, they said that they would like to have the books, for they could send out a man that could turn in a little more money than I could in that time. They sent out one Mr. Johnson. He went to San Francisco. I am told that he col- lected three or four hundred dollars. The sight of the money did him so much good, that he went to keeping restaurant, and never came back. As far a3 I understand and know, he backslid from the church. When he used to be giving in his experience at the meeting, he used to say, "'ly name is .lohn Johnson, bound for heaven." So, reader, you see these are the kind of men that rule the colored church. Ah, Williams robbed tho church did he ? Let us inquire a little further into it. Who did they send out next .* One good old M. E. preacher, by I he name of Elder Hardy, Avho said that he would not deal with the trustees, and wanted the privilege of turning his money in at the General Conference at the end of the year. At the end of the year, he turned in- to Conference fifty dollars, and said that it took all that he could collect to ; ay his board and travolint^- expenses. So Williams is a bad man ; they say ne robbed the church. SVhat do you think of this story ? Ee r, the worst enemies that I ever had in my life were men and \. * nmni that belonged to the church. The A. M. Church in Calif' rnia preach up a great deal of religion, but practice but little. You may visit the class-room of the A. M. Church, and you will find three or four brothers and sisters all going to heaven, and one wont speak to the other, though they turned me out when I was not present, without a legal notice, and they never have told me what I was turned out for. Is that Christianity ? May the Lord forgive them, for they know not what they are doing. Let not our hearts be troubled, but live and fear the Lord, and trust in him forever. The wliole world may be against me, but yet I will trust in the Lord. O, let us seek him with all oiu- hearts, and bv his power we will be borne up. 7 ;ll 1^; I >i ' Header, they say Williams is a bad man. Yes, Liuchcomb said that he doue the deed. Why did he say so ? Because he saw that there was no alternative to save himself. Then his friends and my enemies, after seeing that he Avas convict_ ed, in order to take the stain olf of his mother and kindred, said to liim, " You just say that it is Williams, and that will keep the disgrace from us." Or, in other words, if public in- iiuonce can saddle it on Williams, we perhaps can clear you, or, after awhile, get yo\i pardoned out. Header, he could not ccme out until after he was convicted. What do you tbink of that for an innocent man ? His friends tried hard to put up a job on me. They produced a hat, purporting it to be mine ; but, thank God, it was four inches too small for me, and, furthermore, it was found three weeks before the circumstance happened. What do you think of such malice ? And they even went so far as to try to persuade the iady with whom 1 was stopping to say that 1 was out when I was in ; and said to her, if he had been stopping wdth you, 1 would say he was out anyhow. But she would not lie ; and then they tried to make her run away. But she said, " What will I run away for ? I have done nothing wrong, and I know nothing wrong of luiybody else for me to run away." And they furthermore said to her, " We don't care who hangs or who don't, as long as Ave clear Linchomb. This was done by colored people. In my humble belief they are the most treacherous people in the city l^ oacramento. State of California, or any portion of the world I ever trav- eled. Ah, my colored brethern were not aware of the joke we practiced on Linchcorab Avhile in jail. 1 placed two offi- cers behind his cell, went to the door, and the keeper said: "Mr. Linchomb, Mr. Williams wants to see you," and he walked off and left me as he thought, the same time I having two officers placed behiii t thi door. Says I, "Mr. Linchcomb, why don't you come out and tell the people that J have nothing to do with this, and not keep me lo ) 111 1871 1 was employed to solicit aid to pay a debt on the Siloam Baptist Church, of Sacramento. I found it an unthankful job, as 1 generally found it in other C^ inches. There Avas confusion and jars, as usual in such bodies. One could not do enough. It is true, reader, that I am a pro- fessor of religion; also, I must state the fact that it is not all that make the loudest professions that are the most ex- emplary Christians. In all churches that I have been con- nected with 1 have always found two parties, one working against the other. That is the cause of the confusion. I was employed just before a trustee election, and the old Board of Trustees demanded the moneys that I collected, saying that they put me in, and 1 must handover the moneys collected to them. The new Board of Trustees took ex- ceptions at it, and they published that I was no longer a col- lector for the Siloam Baptist Church, without stating that I had resigned, and settled in an honorable manner. Then I made them republish me, stating that 1 had resigned honor- ably, and my accounts wore correct. My making them make a statement of collections, caused some hard feelings, and made me not a few enemies. 1 Avas informed that one of the members made n statement in the Church, and asked for as- sistance to raise money to fee a lawyer to defeat tlu iemy, whilst I was in prison; that the enemy had employed ne of the best lawyers in the State, and by making these remarks, I supposed that they were alluding to me. This was after the report of the coroner's jury. James Williams testified before the coroner's jury, in the Lizzie Thompson homicide, that the watch, and other jewel- ry of the deceased were oroide, and not valuabl'j A^iother colored man, who also gave evidence, and who manifested much fee .gainst Williams, testified the Avatch was gold, he thougiii, and of considerable value. A manufacturing jeweler of this city, Avho repaired it, states that it was a small oroide cylinder escapement, not Avorth, Avhen new, more than $15.00 in greenbacks. When Williams Avas ex- amined upon the charge of being accessory to the homicide, there was not a particle of evidence againsi him, and it noAV appears that he, and not the other Avitness, assigned the true value to the Avoman's jeAvelry. And Williams further testi- fied that the Avoman had ;«5l9 or $20 in the Sacramento Sav- Stk.' ( «4 ) ings Bank; but tliootlier witnesses testified that she had ($150) one hundred and fifty dollars, but when the undertaker, Mr. Canboio Williams, and the girl's mother went to tlie bank, thev found $19.85 to her credit. Reader, you can draw your own conchision, whether I have been treated right by the peo- ple of color, and more especially by the church members, or a portion of them. I would advise all persons, especially the young, to avoid, as mucli as })ossible, handling moneys be- longing to a church, and more especially the African churches, for that has done me moi'e harm than anything that I know of, for that race do not give one another credit for anything good done for the whole body. Said one of the members, in con- nection with one of the Methodist brothers, "He robbed aunt Susan." Let us see how he has robbed her. J wish for the reader to know the facts in this particular case. An old colored lady, by the name of Susan Neal, came from Ala- bama to California with her owners, and gained her free- dom by coming to California, and afterwards married Charles Neal,^wlio died, and left her in debt. Then there was a suit brought against her for his debts, or for a debt; and to liquidate the said debt, she went around and begged money of the people. Sometime after paying that debt, ^ certain lawyer and a Judge said that if she could pay one debt, she could pay them for fees due them. So they com- menced suits aguinst her for their fees. The day the trial was to come otY, I met her in the street, crying. I said to her ''What is the matter, Aunt Susan?" She answered, "What has always been the matter with me — the same thing that has always been the matter with me is the matter with me now. The people down South have got all my labor, and I hiive come to California, and got free, and made a little mo- ney, and now the white folks are trying to rob me out of that. There is a suit coming off to-day against me, and I have been to two or three colored men," calling their names; "ask- ing them if they would help me, but just as soon as they f^und that they had a little money to pay, they would not do anything for me. I went to the Society that my husband belonge(^ to, the United Sons of Friendship, and said to them, "If you will pay the debt on ray p.aperty, and let me have it as long as I live, and then you can have it." But when they found out that they had some money ( <5r, ) to pay out, they refusetl. Tliou slie spoke to mo and asked mo if I would go and see her out to-day. I said, "Certainly," and I w(;nt with her to W. II. CantweU's oflieo, and settled the claim that he liad against her, and didn't ask for any se- curity. A few days tii'terwards slu^ cavno to mo and said, "Mr. Williams, if you will pay olf all of the debts against my property and protect me so that the white folks wont rob mo any more, then, at my death, you can have it all, for T have no one in the world to care for me." Then she asked me to go with her to her lawyer, I went Avith her, and her lawyer explained it to her, and asked her if she knew what she was doing. She answered, " Yes, I know thoroughly what I am doing. I want to put my property in Mr. Wil- liams' hands, so that the white folks can't rob me, and have him for a prt)tector." He drew up the writings for her, and tliere was a white friend present throughout the transaction. Then afterwards her lawyer explained the writing to her agent. Then wo went to Judge Cross's office, and he read the papers and explained them to her, and she acknowledged them and seemed to be satisfied with their contents. " Ah, ^Williams is a rascal, they say; "he robbed Aunt Sue out of her property." Now, reader, you can see how he robbed her. This is a true statement of the facts. Whilst I was doing this no one had anything to say, one way or the other, either for or against, but just as soon as she got Ack, (I was in San Francisco, at the time,) some of my enemies went to see her, and persuaded her to make a will in favor of some outside persons that had never done anything for her, without regard to the deed that she had given to me. She being sick did not understand what she was doing, and in consequence of their im])ortunities, she made the will, and when 1 came back these parties that were with her would shut the door in my face and refused to let me see her, and the groceries and provisions that I sent to her they would send back. Then, after her death, which happened about six weeks after the above occurrence, my enemies got them- selves appointed to carry out the provisions of the will, and settled up the estate, and their services were given in, as they wished to assist the widow that the will was made in favor of ; but afterwards, in settling up the estate, they do - manded one hundred dollars for tlieir services. When I 8 ( t}m rowdies and f^amblors. Tlie sons havo had childron by tho servants. One of his dau<^'lit(!rs had a child by his ^'rand- son last April. Tlu^y aro trad(^rs--buy and soil." "How many slaves did ho own ?" " Fifteen, besides raysolf." " Did any of them know that you were a ^oinj:; to leave?" *' No ; I siw my brothor on Tiio;iday, but never said a word to him about it." " What put it in your head to leave?" " It was bad treatment for \n iufj; put in jail for soil, the 7th day of last January. I was whipped in jail, and after I came out, the only thing they told mo was that 1 had been selling newspapers about the streets, and was half free." "Where did you live then?" "In llichmond. I have been living out for twenty-two years." " How much did your master receive a year for your services?" "From sixty -five to one hundred and fifty dollars." " Did you have to find your- self?" '* No ; the people who hired rae found me. The ;xen- eral rule in {Richmond is 75 cts. for a week's board is allowed, and if a man gets any more thnn tliat he has to find it him- self ?*' " How about Sunday clothing ?" " Find them your- self." "How about a lumso to live in?" "Have that to find yourself, and if you h:ive a wife and family it makes no difierence — they don't allow anything for that at all." " Sup- pose you are sick, who pays the doctor?" "Our master pays that." " Hoav do you manage to make a little extra money?" "By getting up before day and carrying out papers and doing others jobs, cleaning up single men's rooms and the like." " What have you been employed at in llichmond?" " Been %vorking in a tobacco factory ; this year I was hired to a printing otHce, the JVatiomtl American. I carried papers." " Had you a wife ?" "I had, but her mas- ter was a very bad man, and was opposed to me, and would not let me come there to see my wife, and he persuaded her to take another husband, and being in his hands she took his advice." "How long ago was that?" "Near twelve months ago. She got married Inst fall." "Had you any children?" " Yes. live." " Where are they?" " Three are with Jacob Luck, her master; one with his sister, and the other belongs to Judge Hudgins, of Bowling Green." " Do you expect to see them again." "No, not till the day of the Great I am." "What do you think of slavery?" "I ,. ( <58 ) think that it is great cur&e, iuid I tliink the Baptists in Eich- mond will iro to the tleepobt hell, if there is any, for ihey are so wicked they will work you all day and part of the night, and wear cloaks and long faces, and tr} to got all of the workout of you that they can, by telling you of Jesus Christ. Out of tliuir extra money they have to pay a white man five hundred dollars a year for preaching." " What kind of preachino- docs he give you?" " He tolls thi-ni if they die in their shis they will go to hell, and that they must obey their masters and mistresses ; for good servants make good masters. All they want you to know is enough to say master and mis- tress, and ran like lightning- when they speak to yoa, and do just what they want you to do." HENRY BOX BROWX. Alt^iough the name of Henry Box Brown has been echoed over the land for a number of years, and the simple facts connected with his miraculous escape in a box from slavery published widely through the medium of anti-slavery payers, nevertheless, it is not unreasonable to su])pose that very lit- tle is known in relation to his case. Brown was a man of invention as well as a hero. He was decidedly an unhappy piece of property in the Oity of liichmond, in the condition of a slave. He feit that it would be impossible for him to remain. Full well did he know that it was no h.)iiday task to escape the vigilance of Virginia slave-hunters, as the wrath of an enraged master, for committing the unpardona- ble sin of attempting to escape to a land of liberty, would be unappeaseable. So Brown counted well the cost before ven- turing upc n this hazardous undertaking. Ordinary modes of travel, he concluded, might prove disastrous to his hopes He, therefore, hit upon a new invention, which was to liava himself boxed up and forwarded to Philadelphia, direct, by express. The size of the box and how it was to be m with care," did not avail much; for awhile they actuallv had the box iipside down, and had him standing on his head for miles, A few days before he was expected, certain intima- tion was conveyed to a member of the Vigilance C(.)mmittee, that a box might be expected by the three o'clock morning train, from the South, which might contain a man. One of the n.ost serious walks he ever took, was at half-past two o'clock that morning to the depot — not once, but for more than a score of limes. He fancied the slave would be doadt He anxiously looked while the freight was being unloaded from the cars, to see if he could recognize a box that might contain a man. One alone had that ;ii)pearance, and he con- iessed it really seemed as if there was the .icent of death about it. But, on inquiry, he soon learned that it was not the one he was looking for. That same afternoon he received from Richmond a telegram, which read thus: "Your case of goods is ship])ed, and will arrive to-morrow mornino-."' At this exciting juncture of afl'airs, Mr. McKim, who had been engineering this important undertaking, deemed it expe- dient to change the programme slightly, in one particular, at least, to insure greater safety. Instead of having a member of the Committee go again to the dei)ot for the box, which might excite suspicion, it was decided tliat it wouhl be safest to have the express bring it direct to the Anti-Slavery office But all apprehension of da^.ger did not now dissapear, for there was no room to suppose tliat Adams' Express Othce had anv sympathy with the abolitionists or the fugitive; con- ( 70 ) sequently, it was contemplated Mr. Mclvim should appear personally at the Express office to give directions with ref- erence to the coming of a box from Richmond, which would be directed to Arch street, and yet not intended for that street, but for the Anti-Slavery office, at 107 North Fifth street. It needed, of course, no great discernment to foresee that a step of this kind would be wholly impractica- ble, and that a more indirect and covert metliod would have to be adoi)ted in this dreadful crisis. Mr. McKim, with his usual good judgment and remarkably quick strategetical mind, especially in matters pertaining to the U. G. liailroad, hit upon the following plan, namely, to go to his friend E. M. Davis, who was engaged in mercantile business, and relate the circumstances. Havinu- daily intercourse with the said office, and being well acquainted with the firm and some of the drivers, Mr. Davis could, as Mr. McKim thought, talk about boxes, freight, etc., from any part of the country, with- out risk. Mr. Davis heard Mr. McKim's plan and instantly approved of it, and was heartily at his service. "Dan, an Irishman, one of Adam's express drivers, is just the fellow to go to the depot after the box," said Davis. " He drinks a little too much whisky sometimes, but he will do anything I ask him to do promptly I'll trust Dan, for I believe him to be the very man." The difficulty which Mr. Kim had been so anxius to overcome was thus pretty well settled. It was agreed that Dan should go after the box next morning, be- fore daylight, and bring it to the Anti-Slavery office, and, to make it all the more agreeable for Dan to get up out of his warm bed and go on this errand before day, it was de- cided that he should have a five dollar gold pi<'ce for him- self. Thus these preliminaries having been satisfactorily ar- ranged, it only remained for Mr. Davis to see Dan, and give him instructions accordingly. Next morning, according to arrangement, the box was at the Anti-slavery office in due tijue. The witnesses present to behold the resurrection were : J. McKim, C. D. Cleave- land, L. Thompson and the writer. All was quiet. The door had been safely locked. The proceedings commenced. Mr. McKim stopped quietly on the lid of the box, and called out, "All right." Instantly came the answer from ( '1 ) within, " All right, sir." The witnesses will never forget that moment. Saw and hatchet quickly had the live hick- ory hoops cut and the lid oil', and the marvelous resurrec- tion of Ih'own ensued. Itising up in his \>o\, he i-eached out his hand, saying, "How do you do, gentlemen ?" The little assemblaue hardly knew what to think or do at tlie moment. lie was as wet as if he come out of the Delaware river. Very soon he remarked that, before leaving Richmond, he had selected, to sint>- on his arrival, if he lived, the Psalm be- ginning with these words : " I waited patiently for the Lord, and he heard my prayer." And most touchiugly did he sing the psalm, much to his own relief as well as to the delight of his small autlience. He was then christened " Henry Box Brown," and was soon afterwards sent to tlie hospitable residence of James Mott and E. M. Davis, on Ninth street, where, it is needless to say, he met a most cordial welcome from Mrs. Lucretia Mott and her — household, clothing and creature comforts were furnished in abundance, and delight and joy filled all hearts. He had been so long doubled up in the box he needed to promenade considerably in the fresh air. So James Mott put one of his broad-brim hats on his head, and tendered him the hospitalities of his yard as well as his house, whilst Brown promenaded the yard, flushed with victory. Great was the joy of his friends. After his visit at Mrs. Mott's, he spent two days Avith the writer, and then took his departure for Boston, evidently feeling quite conscious of the wonderful feat he had performed. • (• 'I STORY OF A YOUNG WOMAN'S ESCAPE FROM SLA- VERY IN A BOX— NAME UNlvNOAVN. In the winter of 1857, a young woman, who had just turned her majority, waB boxed up in Baltijuore by one who stood to her in the relation of a companion, a young man, who had the box conveyed as freight to the depot in Baltimore, consigned to Philadelphia. Nearly all one night ( 71^ ) it romaiiied at the depot with tlie living agony in it, and, after being upside down more than once, the next day, about ten o'clock, it reached Philadelphia. Her companion com- ing on in advance of the box, arranged with a hackman, (jeorge Custis, to attend to having it brought from the de- pot to II designated house, Mrs. Myers', 412 South Seventh street, where the resurrection was to take place. Custis, without knowing exactly what the box contained, but suspect- ing, from the apparent anxiety and instruction of the young man Mho engaged him to go after it. Whilst the frieght-car still stood in the street, he demanded it of the frieght agent, not Avilling to wait the usual time for delivery of frieght. At first, the frieght agent declined delivering, under such circumstances. The hackman insisted, by saying that he wished to dispatch it in great haste, saying," *'It is all right. You know me. I liave been coming here for many years every day, and will be responsible for it." The frieght- master told him to take it and go ahead with it. No sooner said than done. It was placed in a one-horse wagon, at the instance of Custis, and driven to Seventh and Minster sts. The secret had been entrusted to Mrs. Myers, by the young companion of the woman. A feeling of horror came over the aged woman who had b<^en thus suddenly entrusted w^ith such responsibility. A few doors from her lived an old friend of the same i-eligious faith with herself, well known as a brave woman and a friend of the slave, Mrs. Ash, the undertaker, or shroudcr, whom evorybody knew among the colored people. Mrs. Mjers thought it would not be wise to move in the matter of this resurrection, witliout the presence of the under- taker. Accordingly, she called for Mrs. Ash. Even her own family were excluded from witnessing the scene. The two aged women chose to be alone in that fearful moment, shuddering at the thought that a corpse might meet their gaze instead of a living creature. However, they mustered courage and pried off the lid. A woman was discovered in the straw, but no signs of life were perceptible. Their fears seemed fulfilled. Surely she is dead, thought the witnesses. "Get up, my child," spoke one of the women. With scarcely life enough to move the stiaw covering, she never- theless did now show signs of life, but to a very faint degree. She could not speak, but, being assisted, arose. She was ( 7:5 ) straightway aided up stairs, not yet uttering a word. After a short while slie said, "I feel so deadly faint." She Avas then asked if she would not have some water or nourishment which she declined. Before a great while, however, she was prevailed upon to take a cup of tea. She then went to bed, and there remained all day, s])eaking but a very little during tlfat time. The second day she gained strength, and was able to talk much better, but not with ease. The third day she began to come to herself, and to talk cjuite freely. She tried to describe her sufferings and fears Avhile in the box, but in vain. In the midst of her severest agonies, her chief fear was that she woidd be discovered and carried back to slavery. She had a pair of scissors with lier, aud in order to procure fresh air, she had made a hole in the box, but it was very slight. How she ever managed to breathe and maintain her existence, being in the condition of becoming a mother, it was hard to comprehend. In this instance, the utmost en- durance was put to the test. She was obviously nearer death than Henry Box Drown, or any other of the box cases that ever came under the notice of the committee. In IJaltimore she b longed to a wealthy and fashionable family, and had been a seamstress and hulies' servant generally. On one oc- casion, when sent of an errand for certain articles, in order to complete arrangements for the grand opening ball at the Academy of Music, she took occasion not to return, but was among the missing. Great search was made, and a large re- ward offered, but all to no purpose. A free colored woman who washed for the family was suspected of knowing some- thing of her going, but they failing to get aught out of her, she was discharged. Soon after the arrival of this traveler at Mrs. Myers', the committee was sent for, and learned the facts as above stated. After spending some three days with ;Mrs. Myers' family, she was forwarded to Canada. STORY OF HAERY GRIMES. Harry was about forty-six years of age, according to his reckoning, full six feet high, iind in muscular appearance was very rugged, and in his countenance were evident marks 9 ( 7-1. ) of firmness. He was born a slave in Noitli Carolina, and had been sold three times. The first time when a child, second time when he was thirleen, and the third and last time to Jesse Moore, from whom he Hed. He said that he had been treated very bad. One day we were grubbing, and nnister said we didn't do work enough. " How come it there was no more work done that day ?" said master to me. I told liim 1 did work. In a more stormy manner he repeated the question. 1 then s])oke up, and said, " Massa, 1 don't know what to say." At once master pluuged his knife into my neck, causing mo to stagger. He was drunk. He then drove me down to the black folks' cabins. He then got his gun, and called the overseer, and toid him to get some ropes. While he was gone, I said, " Master, nou* you are agoing to tie me up and cut me all to pieces for nothing. " In a great rage go said, "'Go." 1 jumped, and he put up his gun and snapped both barrels at me. He then set his dogs on me ; but as I had been in the habit of making much of them, feed- ing them, they would not follow me. 1 kept on straight to the woods. My master and overseer caught the hoi'ses and tried to run me down, but, as the dogs would not follow me, they could not make anything of it. It was the last of August, one year ago ; the devil was into him, and he flogged and beat four of the slaves, one man and three of the women, and said, if he could only get hold of me he wouldn't strike me nary a lick, but would tie me to a tree and empty both barrels into me. My master was a man about fifty years of age, a right red-looking man, a big bellied old fellow; weighs about two hundred and forty pounds; he drinks hard; he is just like a rattlesnake, and so cross and crabbed when he speaks, seems like he could go through you. IJe flogged a slave called Kichmond for not plowing the corn good. That was what he pretended to whip him for. Eichmond ran away — was gone four months, as nigh as I can guess. Then they caught him, then struck him a hundred lashes, and then thfiv split both feet to the bone, and split both his insteps, and then master took his knife and stuck it into him in many places. After he had done him in that way, he put him in the barn to shucking corn. For a long time he was not able to work. When he did partly recover, he was set to work again. ( Hi ) When I waH in the woods 1 lived on nothing, you may say and yet something too. I had bread and roasting ears, and potatoes. I stayed in the hollow of a big tree for seven months. The other part of the time I stayed in a cave. I suiFered mighty bad with the cold, and for the want of some- thing to eat. Onee I got mo some charcoal and made me a tire in my tree to warm myself, and it liked to have killed me. So I had to take the fire out. One time a snake came and poked its head in the hollow and was coming in, and I took my axe and chopped him in two. It was a poplar-leaf mocca- sin, the poisonest kind of a snake we have. While in the woods, all of my thoughts were how to get away to a free country. Subsequently, in going back over his past history, he referred to the fact that on, an occasion long before the cave and tree existence already noticed, when suffering under this brutal master, he sought protection in the woods and abode twenty-seven months in a cave, before he surrendered him- self or was captured. His offense, in this instance, was simply because he desired to see his wife, and stole away from his master's plantation, and went a distance of five miles to where she lived to see her. For this grave crime, his master threatened to give him a hundred lashes and to shoot him. In order to avoid this punishment he escaped to the woods. The lapse of a dozen years and recent strug- gles foi existence, made him think lightly of his former troubles, and he would doubtless have failed to recall his earlier conflicts. He was asked if he had a family. " Yes, sir," he answered. " I had a wife and eight children, belonging to the widow Slade. Harry gave the names of his wife and children : wife named Susan, children named Olive, Sabey, Washington, Daniel, Jonas, Harriet, Moses, Eosetta; the last-named he had never seen. Between my mistress and my master there was not much difference. m ( 70 ) STORY OF GKOPxaK LAWS, OF DELAWARE. Georgf represented the ordinary young slave-men of Del- aware. Me was of unmixed blood, medium size and of humble ap])earance. Ho was destitute of the knowledge of spelling, to say nothing of reading. Slavery had stamped him unmis- tdcably for lite, to be scantily fed and clothed, and compelled to -work without hire. George did not admire that, but had to submit without murmuring. Indeed, he knew that his so, called master, whose mime was Denny, would not be likely to heed complaints from a slave. He, therefore, dragged his chains, and yielded to his daily task. One day, while hauling dirt with a fractious horse, the animal manifested an unwillingness to perform his duty sat- isfactorily. At this procedure, the master charged George with provoking the beast to do wickedly, and in a rage he collared George, and bade him accompany him up the stairs of the soap-house. Not daring to resist, George went along with him. Ropes being tied around both his wrists, the block and tackle were fastened thereto, and George soon found himself hoisted on tiptoe, with his feet almost clear of the floor. The kind-hearted master then tore all the poor fellow's old shirt off his back, and addressed him thus. '• You sen of a b h, J. will give you pouting around me. Stay there, till I go up town for my cowhide." George begged piteously, but in vain. The fracas caused some excitement, and it so happened that a show was exhibited that day in the town, which, as is usual in the country, brought a great many people from a distance. So, to his surprise, when the master returned with his cowhide, he found that a large number of curiosity-seekers had been attracted to the soap-house to see Mr. Denny perform with his cowhide on George's back, as he was stretched up by his hands. Many had evidently made u^) their minds that it would be more amusing to see the cowhiding than the circus. The spectators numbered about three hundred. This was a larger number than Mr. Denny had been accus- tomed to perform before, conseqiiently he was seized witli ( 77 ) embarrassment. Looking coufnsod, he left the soap-house, and W(;nt to his office, to await thjO dispersion >f the crowd. The throng finally retired, and left George hanging in mortal agony. Human Tiature here made a death-struggle. The cords which bound his wrists were unloosed, and George was then prepared to strike for freedom, at the mouth of the cannon or at tiie point of the bayontit. How Denny retrarded the matter, when he found tliat George had not only cheated him out of the anticipated delight of cowhiding him, but had also cheated him out of himself, is left for the imagina- tion to picture. PETER MATHEWS, alias SAMUEL SPARROW. Up to the age of thirty-five, Pete had worn the yoke stead- ily if not patiently, under William S. Mathews, of Oak Hall near Temperanceville, in the State of Virginia. Pete said that his master was not a hard man, but the man to whom ho was hired, George Mathews, was a very cruel man. "I might as well be in the penitentiary as in his hands, " was his declaration one day. A short while before, Pete took out an ox which had broke into the truck-patch, and helped himself to choice delicacies to the full extent of his capacious stomach, making sad havoc with the vegetables generally. Peter's at- tention being directed to the ox, ho turned him out,;and gave him what he considered proper chastisement. According to the mischief done at thin liberty taken by Pete, the mas- ter became furious. He got his gun and threatened to shoot him. "Open your mouth, if you dare, and I will put the whole lead in you," said the enraged master. "He took out a large dirk-knife, and attempted to stab me, but I kept out of his way," said Pete. Nevertheless, the violence of the master did not abate until he had beaten Pete over the head and body till he was very weary with inflicting severe injuries. A great change was at once wrought in Pete's mind. He was now ready to adopt any plan that might hold out the ( T8 ) least encouraf^ement to escape. Having capital to the amount of four dollars only, ho felt that he could not do much to- wards employing a conductor, but ho had a good pair of legs and a heart stout enough to whi[) two or three slavi'-catchers, with the help of a pistol. Happening to know who had a pistol for sale, he went to him and told him that he wished to purchase it for one dollar. The pistol became Peter's pro- perty. He had but three dollars left, but he was determined to make that amount answer his purposes, under the circum- stances. * The last cruel beating maddened him almost to desperation, especially when lie remembered how he had been compelled to Avork hard, night and day, under Mathews. Then, too, Peter had a wife, Mhom his master prevented him from visiting. This was not among the least ott'enses with which Pete charged his master. Fully bent on leaving, the following Sunday was fixed by him on which to commence his journey. The time arrived and Pete bade farewell to slavery, re- solved to folknv the North Star, with his pistol in hand, ready for action, After traveling about two hundred miles from home, he unexpectedly had an opportunity of using his pistol. To his astonishment, he suddenly cai..e face to face Avith a former master, whom he had not seen for a long time. Peter desired no Iriendly intercourse with him whatever, but he perceived that his old master recognized him, and Avas bent on stopping him. Pete held on to his pistol, but moved as fast as his wearied limbs would allow him, in an opposite direction. As he was running, Pete cautiously cast his eye over his shoulder, to see what had become of his old master, when, to his amazement, he found that a regular chase was being made after him. The necessity of redoubling his pace was quite obvious in this hour of peril. Pete's legs saved him. After this signal leg-victory, Pete had more confidence in his understanding than he had in his old pistol, although he held on to it until he reached Philadelphia, where he left it in possession of the secretary of the Committee of the Underground Pailroad. Pete was cliristened Samuel Spar- row. Mr. Sparrow had the rust of slavery washed oil' as clean as possible, and the Committee, furnishing him with clean clothes, a ticket and a letter of introduction, started him on to Canada, looking quite respectable. The unpleas- ( 7y ) antnoss wliich yrew out of the mischiei' dono by tlie ox on GeojgG Miithcsvs' farm, took place the iirst of October, 18IJ3. HTOKY OF LKAIl OUl*]K\. Leah Grotu, so particruhirly aclvcrtisod in the B;ilthnore Sun by James Noble, won for herself a Htron<^' claim to a high place amoMp; the heroic women of tlu> nineteenth century. In regard to description and age the advei'tiscment is tolera- bly accurate, although her master miglit have added that her countenance was one of })eculiar mod(!sty and grace, instead of saying she was of a dark brown color. Of her bondage, she made the following statement: She was owned by Janii>s Noble, a butter dealer of Baltimore. He fell heir to Leah by the will of his wife's mother, Mrs. Kachel Howard, by whom she had been previously owned. Leah was but a mere child when she came into the hands of Noble's family. She, therefore, rcmeml)er(nl but little of her old mistress. Her young mistress, however, had made a lasting impression on her mind, for she was very exacting and o))[)ressi\ e in regard to the tasks she was daily in the habit of laying on Leah's shoulders, with no disposition whatever to allow h(;r any lil)- erties. At least, Leah was never indulged in this respect. In this situation a young man by the name of William Ad- ams pi'ojjosed marriage to her. This ofhu' she was inclined to accept, but disliked the idea of being encumbered with the chains of slavery and the duties of a family at tlie same time. xVfter a full consultation Avith her mother, and also her intended, u[)Oii tho matter, she dei'ided that she must be free, in order to till the station of a wife and mother. For a time dangers and difficulties in the way of escape seemed utterly to set at defiance all hope of success. Whilst every pulse was beating strong for liberty, only one chance seemed to be left. The trial required as much courage as it would to endure the cutting oil" of the right arm or plucking out the right eye. An old chest of suostantial make, sucii as ( «<> ) Hiiilors Goinmouly iiHo, was protninMl. A (juilt, ii pillow, and a few artuiUis ot raiinont, to^'otlior with a Hiiiall quantity of food and 11 bottlo of water woro put in it, and Jjuah placed therein. Stron^j; ro^jes were fastened around the chest, and she was safel}- stowed anion^'st the ordinary freij^dit, on ono of the Errieson line of steamers. Her interested mother, who was a free woman, aj^^reed to come as a passengtn* on the same boat. H'»w could she refuse? The prescribed rules of the (yonii)auy assiuned colored passengers to the dock. lu this instance it was exactly where this guardian and mother de- sired to bo — as near the chest as possible. Onco or twice, during the silent watches of the night, she was drawn irre- sistibly to the chest, and could not refrain from venturing to untie the rope and raise the lid a little, to see if tiio poor child lived, and, at the same time, to give li(;r a breath of fresh air. Without uttering a whisper at that frightful mo- ment, this otlice was successfully i)erformed. That the silent prayers of this oppressed young woinan, together with her faithful piotector, were momentarily ascending to cho ear of the good God above, there can be no doubt. Nor is it to bo doubted for a moment but that some ministering angel aid- ed the mother to unfasten the rope, and, at the same time, nerved the heart of poor Leah to endure the trying ordeal of her perilous situation. She declared that she had no fear after she had passed eighteen hours in the chest. The steamer arrived at the wharf in Philadelpliia, and, in due time, the living freiglit was brought oft' the boat, and at first was delivered at a house in Barley street, occupied oy par- ticular friends of the mother. Subsequently, chest and freight were removed to the residence of a friend in whose family she remained several days, under the protection and care of the vigilance committee. Such hungering and thirsting for liberty as was evinced by Leah Green, made the eliorts of the most ardent, who were in the habit of aiding fugitives, seem feeble in the extreme. Of all the heroes in Canada, or out of it, who Iiave purchased their liberty by downright bravery, through perils the most hazardous, none deserve more praise than Leah Green. She remained for a time in this family and was then for- warded to Elmira. In this place she was married to William Adams, who has been previously alluded to. They never ( «1 ) went to Canada, but took up their permanent abode in El- inira. The l)iiot' s])ace of about three years only was allotted her in which to enjoy her freedom, at death eamo and ter- minattul her career. The impressions made by both mother and daughter can never bo ct!aced. The chest in which Leah escaped has been preserved by the writer, as a rare trophy, and her ]>hotogra))h, taken while in the chest, is an excellent likeness of her, and, at the same time, a fitting meniurial. LIBKllTY; Oil .IIM BOW-LEGS. In 1855 a trader arrived with the above name, who, on ex- amination, was found to ])ossess very extraordinary charac- teristics. As a hero and adventurer, some passages of his his- tory were most remarkable. His schooling had been such as could only be gathered on plantations under brutal over- seers, or while tlceing, or in swamps, in prisons, or on the auction-block, in which conditions he was often found. Nev- ertheless, in these circumstances, his mind got Avell-stored with vigorous thoughts, neither books nor friendly advisers being at his command, yet his native intelligence, as it re- garded human nature, was extraordinary. His resolution and perseverance never faltered. In all respects he was a remarkable man. He was a young man, weighing about 180 pounds, of uncommon muscular strength. He was born in the State of dieorgia, Oglethorpe county, and was owned by Dr. Thomas Stephens, of Lexington On reaching the vigi- lance committee in Philadalphia, his story was told, many times over, to one and another. Taking all of the facts into consideration respecting the courageous career of this suc- cessful adventurer for freedom, his case is by far more inter- esting than any that 1 have yet referred to. Indeed, for the good of the cause, and the honor of one who gained his lib- erty by periling his life so frequently, being shot several 10 ( 82 ) times, making six unsuccessful attempts to escape from the South, numberless times cliased by bloodhounds, captured, sold and imprisoned repeatedly, living for mor<^hs in the woodte:, swamps and caves, subsisting mainly on parched corn and berries. IIis narrative ought, by all means, to be published, though I doubt very much whether many could be found who could pe?'suade them> elves to believe one-tenth jiart of this story. His master, finding him not available on account of his absconding propensities, would gladly have offered him for sale. He was once taken to Florida for that purpose, but, generally, traders being wide awake, on inspecting him, would almost invariably pronounce him a damn rascal, be- cause he would never fail to eye them Jitornly as they in- spected him. The obedient and submissive slave is always recognized by hanging his head, and looking on the ground when looked at by a slaveholder. This lesson Jim Hall ne- ver learned. Hence he was not trusted. His head and chest, and, indeed, his entire structure, as solid as a rock, indicated that physicidly he was no ordinary man, and not being under the intluence of non-resistance, he had occasion- ally been found to be rather .••. formidable customer. His father was a lull-blooded inJian, brother to the noted Chief Billy Bow-Legs. His mother was quite black, and of un- mixed blood. For five or six years, the greater part of Jim's time was occupied in trying to escape, and being in prison for sale, to punish him for running away. His mechanical genius was excellent, so was his geograph- ical abilities. He could make shoes, or do carpenter work handily, though he had never had the chance to learn. As to traveling by night or day, lie was always road-ready, and having an uncommon memory, could give exceedingly good accounts of what he saw. When lie entered a swamp, and had occasion to take a naj), he took care, first, to decide upon the jiosture he must ta^e, so that if rome upon unexpectedly by the hounds and slave-hunters, he might know, in an in- stant, which way to wtcer to defeat them. He always cai rietl a liquid, which he I? ad i)repared, to prevent hounds from scenting him, which ho said had never ff iled him. As soon as the hounds came to the spot where he had rubbed his legs and feet with said liquid, they could follow him ( 83 ) no further, but howled and turned immediately. A laroe number of friends of the slave saw this man, and would sit long, and listen with the most undivided attention to his narrative, none doubting for a moment its entire truthful- ness. Strange as his story was, there was so much natural simplicity in his manners and countenance, oue could not refrain from believing him. ABRAM ;(>ALOWAY AXD RICHARD EASLER. The Philadelphia branc;h of the D. G. R. R. was not for- tunate in having very frequent arrivals from North Carolina, for such of her slaves that were sensible enough to travel nortli> found out nearer and safer routes than through Penn- sylvania. Nevertheless, the vigilance committee had the pleasure of receiving some heroes who were worthy to be classed among the bravest of the brave. No matter who they may be who have claims to this distinction, in proof of this bold assertion, the two individuals whose names stand at the beginning of this article are presented. Abr im was onl;^ twenty-one years of age, mulatto, five feet six inches in height, intelligent, and a perfect picture of good health. "What was your master's name?" "Milton Hawkins," answered Abram. "What business did he follow?" "Ho was chief engineer on the Wilmington Railroad ; not a branch of the IT. G. R. R.," responded Abram. "Describe liim," said the members. " He was a slim-built tall man, with whiskers ; he was a man of very good di.^position. I always belohfjed to him. He owned tliree slaves. He always said I hat lie would soil before he would use a whip. His wife was a very mean woman. She would whip, contrary to his orders." " Wiio was your father ?" was further inquired. " .lohn W. (Jaloway." "Describe voui father ' " H*; was Captain of a government vessel.' He recognized me as his son, and protected me as far as ho was allowed so to do. He * 84 ) lived iit Sniitlifiokl, North Carolina. Abrani's master. Arilton Hawkins, lived at Wilmington, N. C."' " What prompted you to escape?" av as next asked. " Because times were hard, and I could not come up with my wages as I was required to do. So I thought I would try and do better." At this juncture Abrani explained in what sense times were hard. In the first place, he was not allowed to own himself ; he how- ever prosptned. hiring his time to serving in the usual wa}'. This favor was granted Abrara, bat he was compelled to pay !i?l5 per montli for his time, l)esidos finding himself in clothing, food, paying doctor's bill, and per year head-tax. Even under this master, who Avas a man of very good dis- position, Abram was not contented. In the second place, he always thought slavery was wrong, although he had never suliered any personal abuse — toiling month after month, the year round, for the support of his master and not himself, was the one intolerable thouglit. Abram and Richard were intimate friends, and lived near each other ; being similarly situated they could venture to communicate the secret feelings of their hearts to each other. Richard was four years older than Abram, witli not so much Anglo-Saxon blood in his veins, but was equally as intelligent, and was, by trade, a fashionable barber, well knoAvn to the ladies and gentlemen of Wilmington Richard owed service to Mrs. Mary Learen, a widow ; she was very kind and tender to .'dl of her slaves. " If I Avas sick,' said Richard, "she would treat me the same that my mother would. She was the owner of twent}' men, women and chil- dren, who were all hired out, except the children, too young for hire. Besides having his food, clothing and doctor's ex- penses to meet, he had to pay the very kind widow $12.50 per month, and head-tax to the State of 25 cts. per month. It so happened tlnit Richard, at tliis time, was involved in a matrimonial aH'air. C-ontary to the laws of North Carolina, ho liad lately married a free girl, which was an indictable ofiense, and for which the penalty was then in soak for him, said penalty to consist of thirty-nine lashes, and imprison- ment at the discretion of the judge. So Abram and Richard put their heads together and re- solved to try the V. G. R. R. They concluded that lib(;rty was worth dying for, and that it was their duty to strike for ( 8o ) freedom, even if it siiould cost their lives. The uevt thing needed was information about the IJ. G. K. II. Before a great \vhih> th(^ captain of a schooner turned up from Wil- niingtiin, Dehiwure. Learning that his voyage extend<>d to Phihidelphia, they sought to find out whetlior this captain was true to freedom. To ascertain this fact 'rei[uired no little address. It had to be dime in such a way that even the ca})tain would not really understand what they w-erc up to. Should he be found untrue in this instance, however, he was the right man in the right pL-urc. and very well understood his business. Abram and Ivichard made arrang(>ments \vitli him to bring tliem awav. Thev learned wluni the vessel would start, and thiit she was loaded with tar, rosin and spirits of turptnitinc, amongst which the captain was to se- " creto them. But here came the difhculty. In order that slaves might not be secreted in vessels the slave-holders of North Carolina had procured the enactment of a law re- quiring all vessels coming north to be smoked. To esca])0 this dilemma, the inventive genius of Abram and Bichard soon d(3 vised a safeguard against the smoke. This safeguard consisted in silk oil-cloth shrouds, made large, with drawing strings, which, when pulled ov(;rtheir heads, might be drawn very tightly around their waists. Whilst the process of smoking miglit be in opc^ration, a bladder of water and towels were })rovided — the latter to be wet and held to their nostrils should there be need. In this manner they had de- termined to struggle against death for liberty The hour approached for being at the wharf. At the apj^oint- ed time, they were on hantl, leady to go on the boat. The captain secreted them actiording to agreement. They were ready to run the risk of being smoked to death ; but. as good luck would have it, the law was not carritnl into effect in this instance, so that the smell <»f the smoke was not upon them. The otiect of the turpentine, however, of the nature of which they were totally ignorant, was worse, if possible, than the smoke would have bt^en; tlu- blood was literally drawn from them at every ])ore, in frightful (piantities ; but as heroes of the bravest type, tliey resolved to continue steadfast as long as a pulse continued to beat, and thus they finally conquered. The invigorating northern air and the kind treatment of the Vigilance Committee, acted like a charm upon them, and ( 86 ) they improved very rapidly from their exhaustive and heavy loss of blood. Desiring t:> retain some memorial of them, a member of the committee begged one of their silk shrouds, and likewise procured an artist to take the photograph of one of them, which keepsake has been valued very highly. In the regular order, the wants of Abram and Richard were duly met by the committee, financially and otherwise, and they were forwarded to Canada. TWO FEMALES FROM MARYLAND— ANN JOHN- SON AND LAVINA WOOLFLEY. As the way of travel by the U. G. R.R., under the most favorable circumstances, even for the sterner sex, was hard enough to test the strongest nerves and to try the faith of the bravest of the brave, every woman that won her freedom by this perilous undertaking deserves commemoration. It is, therefore, a pleasure to thus transfer from the Old Rec_ Old Book the names of Ann Johnson and Lavina Woolfley, who fled from Maryland in 1857. Their lives, however, had not been in any way very remarkable. Ann was tall, and of a dark chestnut color, with an intelligent countenance, and about twenty-four years of age. She had filled various situa- tions as a slave . Sometimes she was required to serve in the kitchen, at other times she was required to toil in the field with the plow, hoe, and the like. Samuel Harrington, of Cambridge District, Maryland, was the name of the man for whose benefit Ann labored dur- ing her young days. She had no hesitation in saying that he was a very ill-natured man. He, however, was a member of the old-time Methodist Church. In slave property he had invested only to the extent of five or six head. About three years previous to Ann's escape, one of her brother's fled, and went to Canada. This circumstance so enraged the owner, that he tleclared he would sell all he owned. Accord- ( 87 ) iiigly, Ann was soon put on tlie auction-block, and was bought by a man who went by the name of William Moore. Moore was a married man, who, with his wife, vvas addicted to intemperance and carousing. Ann found that she had simply got out of the tire into the frying-pan. She was really at a loss to tell when her lot was the hardest, whether under the rum-drinker or the old-time Methodist. In this state of mind, she decided to leave all and go to Canada, the refuge for the fleeing bondman. Lavina, Ann's companion, was the wife of James Woolfley ; she and her husband set out together with six others, and were of the party of eight who were betrayed into Dover Jail, and, after fighting their way out of the jail, they separated, for prudential reasons. The hus- band of Lavina, immediately after the conflict at the jail, par!sed on to Canada, leaving his wife under the protection of friends. Since that time several months had elapsed, but of each other nothing had been known, before she received information on her arrival at Philadelphia. J'he committee were glad to inform her that her husband had safely passed on to Canada, and that she would be aided ou also, where they could enjoy freedom in a free country. WILLIAM AND ELLEN CRAFT. A quarter of a century ago, William and Ellen Craft were slaves in the State of Georgia. With them, as with thous- ands of others, the desire to be free was very strong, For this jewel they were willing to make any sacritice, or to endure any amount of sutfering. In this state of mind tlioy coiu nienced planning. After thinking of various waj's that might be tried, it occurnHi to VVilliam aa i Ellen that one might act the part of master and the othei the })art of servant. Ellen beint:: very fair, euouij:!) so to pass for white, of necessity would have to be transformed into a young planter for the time bein^. All that was needed, however, ( HH ) to make this important cliange was, that she shouhl be dressod elegantly in a fashionable suit of male attire, and have her hair cut in the style usually worn by young planters. Her profusion ol dark hair ottered a fine opportunity for the change. So far, this plan lookod very tempting, but it occurred to them that Ellen was beardless. After some mature reflection, they came to the conclusion that this diffi- culty could be very readily obviated by having the face muffled up, as though the young planter was suffering badly with the face or toothache. Thus they got rid of this trouble straightway. Upon further reflection, several other serious difficulties stared them in the face. For instance, in traveling they knew that they would be under the necessity of stopping repeatedly at hotels, and that the custom of registering would have to be conformed to, unless some very good excuse could be given for not doing so. Here they again thought much over the matter, and wisely concluded that the young man had better assume the attitude of a gentleman very much indisposed. He must have his right arm placed carefully in a sling; that wovdd be sufficient excuse for not registering; then he must be a little lame, with ti nice cane in his left hand. He must have large green spectacles over his eyes, and withal ho, must be very hard of hearing, and dependent on his faithful servant, as was no uncomirioii thing with slaveholders. To look after all his wants, William was just the man to act his part. To begin with, h(! was very likel}' looking, smart, active, and exceed- ingly attentive to his young master. Indeed, he was almost cycH, curs, iiantls and feet for him. William knew that this would phase the slaveholders. The young planter would have nothing to do but hold himself subject to his ailments, and put on a bold superiority. He was not to deign to notice anybody. lH, while traveling, gentlemen, either ]»(dit(dy or riulely, should venture to scrape acquaintance Willi the young planter, in his deafness he was to remain jiiute. The Hervaiit was to explain, in every instance, when this iM'curred, as it aetuaJly did. Tiie servant was^cpial to the emergency, none dreaming of the disguist' in which the und* rground railroad passengers were traveling. They stopped at a iirst class hotel in Charles- ton, where the young planter and his body-servant were treat- ( H» ) ed as the house wus wont to treat the chivalry. Thev sto})ped at a similar hotel in Richmond, and witli like results. They knew that they must pass through Baltimoie, but they did not know the o')stacles that they would hiive to surmount in the Monumental City. They proceeded to the depot in the usual manner, and the servant asked for tickets for his mas- ter and self. (.)f course the master could have a ticket, " but bonds will have to be entered before you can get a ticket," said the ticket-master. "It is the rule of this olHce to re- quire bonds for all negroes api)lying for tickets to go North, and none but gentlemen of well-known responsibility will be taken," further explained the ticket-master. The servant re- plied tiuit he knew notliing about that ; that he was simply traveling with his youn^' master to take care of him, h'; being in a very delicate state of health, so much so that fears were entertained that he might not be able to hold out to reach Philadelphia, where he was hastening for medical treatment, and ended his reply by saying, "My master can't be de- tained " Without further parley, the ticket-master very obligingly waived the oUl rule, and furnished the re(piisite tickets. The mountain being thus removed, the young plan- ter and his faithful servant were safely in the cars for the City of Brotherly Love. Scarcely had they arrived on free soil, when the rheumatism departed, the right arm was un- slung, the toothache wus gone, the beardless face 'was un- mulHed, the deaf heard and spoke, the blind saw, and the lame leaped as a hart, and, in the presence of a few astonished friends of the slave, the facts of this unparalKded Underground llailroad feat wus fully established by the most unquestion- able evidence. The constant strain and pressure on Ellen's nerves, how- ever, had tried her severely, so much so, that for days after- wards, slie was physically very much prostrated, although joy and gladness beamed from her eyes, which spoke inex- pressible delight. Never can the writer forget the impres- sions made by their arrival. Even now. after a lapse of near- ly '25 years, it is easy to picture them in a private room, sur- rounded by a few friends. Ellen, in her fine suit of black, with her cloak and high-heeled boots, looking in every re- spect like a young gentleman. In an hour after, having dropped her male attire, and assumed the habiliments of her 11 mm ( 90 ) sex, the feminine only was visible in every line and feature of her structure. Her husband, AVilliam, was thoroughly colored, but was a man of marked natural abilities, of good manners, and full of pluck, and possessed of perceptive facul- ties very large. It was necessary, however, in those days, that they should seek a permanent residence, where their freedom would be more secure than in PhiladtJphia. Therefore, they were ad- vised to go to headquarters directly, to Boston. There they would be safe, it was supposed, as it had tlien been about a generation since a fugitive had been taken back from the old Bay State, and through the incessant labors of AVilliam Lloyd Garrison, the great pioneer, and his faithful coadjutors, it Avas conceded that another fugitive slave case could never be tolerated on the free soil of Massachusetts. Ho to Boston tliey went. On arriving, the warm hearts of abolitionists welcomed them heartily, and greeteil them and cheered them without let or hindrance. They did not pretend to keep their coming a secret, or hide it under a bushel. The story of their escape was heralded, broad cast, over the country, North and South, and, indeed, over the civilized world. For two years or more, not tlie slightest fear was entertained that they wore not just as safe in Boston as if they had gone to Canada, but the day the fugitive bill ])assed, even the bravest abolitionists began to fear that a fugitive slave was no longer safe under the stars and stripes. North and South, and William and Ellen Craft were liable to be captured, at any moment, Ijy Georgia slave-hunters. Many abolition- ists counseled resistance to the death, at all hazards. In- stead of running to Canada, fugitives generally armed them- selves, and thus said, "Give me liberty or give me death." Wra. and Ellen Craft believed that it was their duty, as citizens of Massachusetts, to observe a more legal and civil- ized mode of conforming to the marriage rite than had been permitted them in slavery, and as Theodore Parker haci shown himself a very warm friend of theirs, they agreed to have their wedding over again, according to the laws of a free State. After performing the ceremony, the renowned and fearless advocate of equal rights, Theodore Parker, pre- sented William with a revolver and a dirk-knife, counseling him to use them manfully in defense of his wife and himself, ( 01 ) if ever mh attempt should be made by his owners, or any- body else, to re-en shive them. But notwithstanding all the published declarations made by abolitionists and fugitives to tlie efl'ect that slaveholders and slave-catchers, in visiting Massachusetts in ))ursuit of their runaway slaves, wouldjbe met by just such weapons as Theodore Parker presented Wil- liam with, to the surprise of all Boston, the owners of Wil- liam and Ellon actually had the effrontery to attempt their recapture, under the Fugitive Slave Law. How it was done and the results, are taken from the old Liberator, William Lloy's Garrison's organ. Wo copy as follows : Slave-Hunters i\ Boston.— Our City, for a week past, has been thrown into a state of intense excitement by the ap- pearance of two prowling villains, named Hughes and Knight, from Macon, Georiria, for the purpose of seizing William and Ellen Craft, under the infernal Fugitive Slave Bill, and carry- ing them back to the hell of slavery. Since the days of 76 there has not been such a popular demonstration on the side of human freedom in this n^gion. The humane and ]>atriotic contagion has infected all classes. Scarcely any other subject has been talked about in the streets or in the social circle. On 'Thursday of last week warrants for the arrest of AN'illiam and Ellen Averc issued by Judge Levi Woodbury, but no ofHcer has yet been found ready or bold enough to serve them, in the meantime, the vigilance committee, appointed at the Fanueil Hall meeting, has not been idle. Their number has been increased to up- wards of a hundred good men and true, including some thirty or forty members of the bar, and they have been in constant session, devising every legal method to baffle the pursuing bloodhounds, and relieve the City of their hateful presence. On Saturday, placards were posted up in all directions, an- nouncing the arrival of these slave-hunters, and describing their persons. On the same day, Hughes and Knight were arrested, on a charge of slander against Willitan and Ellen Craft, the ('hmnoliipc say.-!, the damage being laid at !?1(),000. Bail was demanded in the same sum, and promptly furnished — by whom, is the cpiestion. An immense crowd was as- sembled in front of the Sheriff's office. While the bail mat- ter was being arranged, the reporters were not admitted. It ( ^'i ) was only known thiit Watson Freeman, who once declared his readiness to lian^ any number of negroes remarkably cheap, came in, saying that the arrest was a sham, all a humbug — the trick of the damned abolitionists, and pro- claimed his readiness to stand bail. John H. Pearsons was also sent for and came. The same .lohn H. Pearsons, mer- chant and Stmthern packet agent, who immortalized himself by sending back, on the tenth of September, 181G, in the bark Niagara, a poor fugitive slave, who came secreted in the brig Ottoman, from Now Orleans, being himself Judge, jury and exetnitioner.to consign a fellow-being to a life of bondage, in obedience to the law of a slave State, and in violation of the law of his own. This same John H. Pearsons, not contented with his previous infamy, was on hand. There is a story that the slave-hunters liave been his table-guests also, and whether he bailed them or not, we don't know. AVhat we know is, that soon after Pearsons came out from the back room, where he and Knight and the Sluritrhad been closet- ed, the Sherift' said that Knight was bailed. He would not say by whom. Knight being looked after, was not to be found. He had slipjted out through a back door, and thus cheated the crowd of the pleasure of greeting liim, possibly with that rough and ready at!ection which Barclays' brewers bestowed on Haynau. The escape was very fortunate, every way. Hughes and Kniglit have since been twice arrested, and put under bonds of 810,000, making thirty thousand in all, charged with conspiracy to kidnap and abduct AVilliam and Ellen Craft, a peaceable citizen of Massachusetts, etc. Hail was entered by Hamilton Willis, of Willis and Co., State street, and Patrick lliley, U. S. Deputy Marshal. The fol- lowing is a verbatim et litcrnthn copy of the letter sent by Knight to Craft, to entice him to the U. S. Hotel, in order to kidnap him. It shows that the schoolmaster owes Knight more service and labor than it is possible for Craft to pay. Boston, October 22d, 1850, 11 o'clock, p. m. W7n. Craft : Sir — I have to leave so early in the morning that I could not call according to promise, so if you want me to carry a letter home with me, you must bring it to the United States Hotel to-morrow, and leave it in box 44, or come yourself to- ( »*^ ) morrow evening after tea and \m\v^ it. Let nic know if you come yourself by sendiu}^' a note to box 4i, L'. S. Hotel, so that I may know whether to wait after t«'a or not, by the bearer. If your wif(i wants to see mo you could bring her with you if you come yourself. .John Kmgmt. P. S. I shall leave for home early on Thursilay morning. J. K. At a meeting of colored people. IkjM in Belknap Ht. Church, on Friday evening, the folh)wing resolutions were unani- mously adopted : Resolved, That God willed us fre(\ man willed us slaves. Wo will as (xod wills, (iod's will be done. Resnlval, That our oit-repoated determination to resist oppression, is the same now as ever, an 1 wo])ledgo ourselves, at all hazards, to resist unto death any attempt upon our liberties. Rrsohrd, That as South Carolina s(nzes and imprisons colored seamen from the North, under the ])lea that it is to ])revent insurrection and rebellion among her colored Jiop- ulation, the authorities of this State and City, in ])articular, be requested to lay hold of, and ])ut in prison immediately, any and all fugitive slave-hunters who may be found among as, upon the same ground and similar reasons. S) tited addresses of a most emphatic type were made by Messrs. Remond of Salem, lloberts, Nell, and Allen of Bos- ton, and Davis of Plymouth. Iudivi(Uials and highly re- spectable committees <}f gentlemen have repeatedly waited upon these (leorgia ifscreants to persuade them to make a speedy departure fiom he city. After promising to do so, and repeatedly falsifying their word, it is said that they left on Wednesday afternocm, in the Express train for New York. And thus, says the Chronoft/pc, they have gone off, with their ears full of fleas, to lire the solemn word f"r the dissolution of the Union. Telegraphic intelligence is received that Pre ident Fill- more has announced his detenu intition to sustain the Fugi- tive Slave Hill at all ha'/ar.ls. Let him try. The fugitives, as well as t\u) oidored peojUe generally, seem determini'd to carry out t!'<^ .-, irit of the resolutions, to thoir fullest extent. Ellen first leceived information that the slave-hunters ^, in^ "^a> ^ X"^ ^> IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I HIM 1^ ■ii i2i& 12.2 ■" 136 Ul Hi US B^n 12.0 m\^^ ^ 6" ► '>^ A '/ Hiotogi^hic Sciaices Corpomtion 23 WEST MAIN STRUT WnSTIR.N.Y. 149M (716)872-4503 iS^^^ 4^ ;V ( 94 ) from Georgia were after her, through Mrs. George Hil- liard of Boston, who had been a good friend to her, from the day of her arrival from slavery. Hov/ Mrs. Hilliard ob- tained the information the impression is made on Ellen, avid where she was secreted, the following extract of a letter ivrrit- ten by Mrs. Hilliard, touching the memorable event, will be found deeply interesting: In regard to William and Ellen Craft, it is true that we re- ceived her at our house, when the first warrant, under the Act of eighteen hundred and forty, was issued. Dr. Bowditch called upon us to say, that the warrant must be for William and Ellen, ts they were the only fugitives here known to have come from Georgia, and the Doctor asked what we could ao. I went to the house of the Rev. r. S. Gray, on Mount Vernon street, where Ellen was work- ing with Miss Dean, a i upholsteress, a friend of ours, who had told us she would teach Ellen her trade. I proposed to Ellen to come, and do some work for me. Intending not to alarm her, my manner, which I supposed to be indifferent and calm, betrayed me, and she threw herself into my arms, sobbing and weeping. She, however, recovered her compo- sure as soon as we reached the street, and was very firm ever after. My husband wished her, by all means, to be brought to our house, and remain under his protection, saying, "I am perfectly willing to meet the penalty, should she be found here, but will never give her up." The penalty, you remem- ber, was six months imprisonment and a thousand dollars fine. William Craft vvent, after a time, to Lewis Haj'^den. He was, at first, as Dr. Bowditch told us, barricaded in his shop on Cambridge street. I saw him there, and he said, ** Ellen must not be left at your house." " Why, William," said I, "do you think we would give her up?" "Never," said he, "but Mr. Hilliard is not only our friend but he is a U. 8. Commissioner, and should Ellen be found in his house, he must resign his office, as well as incur the penalty of the law, and I will not subject a friend to such a punish- ment for the sake of our safety," Was not this noble, when you think how small was the penalty that any one could receive for aiding slaves to escape, compared to the fate which threatened ihem in case they were recaptured? VVil- ( ^5 ) liara made the same objection to having liis wife taken to Mr. Ellis Gray Loring, he also being a friend and a commissioner. This deed of humanity and Christian charity is worthy to be commemorated, and classed with the act of the good Sa- maritan, as the same spirit is shown in both cases. Often was Mrs. Hilliard's house an asylum for fugitive slaves . After the hunters had left the city in dismay, and the storm of excitement had partially subsided, the friends of William and Ellen concluded that they had better seek a country where they would noh be in daily fear of slave- catchers, backed by the government of the United States. They were, therefore, advised to go to Great Biitain. Outfits were liberally provided for them, passages procured, and they took their departure for a habitalicn in a foreign land. Much might be told concerning the warm reception they met with from the friends of humanity on every hand, during a stay in England of nearly a score of years, but we feel obliged to make the following extract suffice : Extract of a Letter from Wm. Farmer, Esq., of London, to Wm. Lloyd Garrison. Fortunately we have, at the present moment, in the British Metropolis, some specimens of what were once American chat- tels personal, in the persons of William and Ellen Craft and William W. Brown, and their friends resolved that they should be exhibited under the world's huge glass case, in order that the world might form its opinion of the alleged mental inferiority of the African race and their fitness or un- fitness for freedom. A small company of anti-slavery friends were accordingly formed to accompany the fugitives through the Exhibition. Mr. and Mrs. Estlin, of Bristol, and a lady friend, Mr. and Mrs. Webb, of Dublin, and a son and daugh- ter, Mr. McDonnell, Mr. Thompson, Mrs. Thompson, Miss A. Thompson, and the Crafts and Brown proceeded to the Exhibition. ( 96 ) BaRNABY GRIGBY, alias JOHN BOTES, AND MARY ELIZABETH HIS WIFE, FRANK WANZER, alias ROBERT SCOTT, AND EMILY FOSTER, alias ANN WOOD. All these persons journeyed from Loudon county, Virginia, on horseback and carriage, for more than one hundred miles, availing themselves of a holiday and their masters' horses and carriage. They as deliberately started for Canada, as though they had never been taught that it was their duty, as servants, to obey their masters ; in this particular, showing a most utter disregard of the interests of their kind-hearted and indulgent owners. They left home on Monday, Christ- mas Eve, 1835, under the leadership of Frank Wanzer, and arrived in Columbia the following Wednesday, at one o'clock. As willfully as they had thus made their way along, they had not found it smooth sailing, by any means. The biting frost and snow rendered their travel anything but agreeable. Nor did tl\ey escape the gnawings of hunger, traveling day and night, and whilst these articles were in the very act of running away with themselves and their kind masters' best horses and car- riat>e, when about oi»e hundred miles from home, in the neighborhood of Cheat river, Maryland, they were attacked b}' six white men and a boy, who, doubtless, supposing that their intentions were of a wicked and unlawful character, felt it to be tlieir duty, in kindness to their masters, if not to the travelers, to demand of them an account of themselves. In other words, their assailants positively commanded the fugi- tives to show what right they possessed to be found in a con- dition so unwarranted. The spokesman among the fugitives, affecting no ordinary amount of dignity, told their opponents that no gentleman would interfere with persons riding along civilly, not allowing it to be supposed that they were slaves, of course. Tliese gentlemen, however, were not willing to accept this, account of the travelers, as their very decided steps indi- cated. Having the law on their side, they were for com- pelling the fugitives to surrender, without further parley. At this juncture, the fugitives, verily believing that the time ( »7 ) hud arrived for tlie practical use of their pistols and dirks, pulled them out of their concealment, the young women as well as the men, and declared they would not be taken. One of the white men raised his gun, pointing the muzzle directly towards one of the young Avomen, with the threat that he would shoot, etc. " Shoot, shoot, shoot !" she ex- claimed, with a double-barreled pistol in one hand and a long dirk-knife in the other, utterly unterrified and fully ready for a death-struggle. The male leader of the fugitives, by this time, had pulled back the hammers of his pistols, and was about to fire. Their adversaries, seeing the Aveapons and the unflinching determination on the part of the runaways to stand their giound, spill blood, kill or die, rather than be taken, very prudently sidled over to the other side of the road, leaving four of the victors to travel on their way. At this moment, the four in the carriage lost sight of the two on horseback. Soon after the sejparation they heard tiring, but what the result was they knew not. They were fearful, how- ever, that their companions had been captured. A paragraph from a Southern paper leaves no room to doubt as to the fate of the two: " Six fugitive slaves from Virginia were arrested at the Maryland line, near Hood's mill, on Christmas day, but, after a severe fight, four of them escaped, and have not been heard from since. They came from Loudon and Fauquier Counties." Though the four who were successful saw no severe fight, it is not unreasonable to suppose that there was a fight, but not till after the number of the fugitives had been reduced to two instead of six. As chivalrous as slaveholders and slave-catchers were, they knew the value of their precious lives, and the fearful risk of attempting a capture when the numbers were equal. The party in the carriage, after the conflict, went on their way rejoicing. The young men, one cold night, when they were compelled to take rest in the woods and snow, in vain strove to keep the feet of their female companions hom. freezing, by laying on them, but the frost was merciless and bit them severely, as their feet plainly showed. The following disjointed report was cut from the Freder- ick, Md., Examiner, soon after the occurrence: " Six slaves, four men and two women, fugitives from Vir- 12 ( 98 ) ginia, having with them two spring wagons and four horses, came to Hood's Mill, on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, near the dividing line between Frederick and Carroll Counties, on Christmas day. After feeding thair animals, one of them told a Mr. Dixon whence they came. Believing them to be fugitives, he spread the alarm, and some eight or ten per- sons gathered around to arrest them, but the negroes, draw- ing revolvers and bowie knives, kept their assailants at bay, until five of the party succeeded in escaping in one of the wagons, and, as the last one jumped on a horse to flee, he was fired on, the load taking efi'ect in the small of the back. The prisoner says he belongs to Charles W. Simpson, of Fauquier county, Va., and ran away with the others the pre- ceding evening. This report from the Examiner, while it is not wholly cor- rect, evidently relates to the fugitives above described. Why the reporters made such glaring mistakes may be accounted for on the ground that the bold stand made by the fugitives was so bewildering and alarming that the assail- ants were not in a condition to make correct statements. We give it for what it is worth. STOCKHOLDERS IN THE U. G. R. R. I will give you the names of a few wealthy stockholders of the Anglo-Saxon race: A. C. Walton, of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Daniel Gibbons, " '* Michael Whitson. '* " Sad Stevens, ' ' Wm. Rickstraw ** Clarkson Browsier, ** Lucretia Mott, Philadelphia Mayland Brosier, Chester, Penn., who has a son, Mayland Brosier, Jr., who is a Senator at the present time. ( 99 ) John Broomer, of Chester County, Penu. Edward Brosier, of Court Square, Chester County. Horace Greeley, of New York. Let me give you a few names of the African stockholders : Raf . Gillmer, of Lancaster city, Penn. Wm. Smith, of Chester Chas. Martin, of Lancaster Nelson Wiggins, of New Garden. Dr. Barrs, of Philadelphia. Jacob Gibbs, of Baltimore. John Brown, of Virginia. Dr. McEwen Smith, of New York. George Williams, of Little Briton. (( <( A. FEW ITEMS ON SPIRTUALISM. Now, I am going to give you a few items on Spiritualism. I have heard, from the age of a boy up to the present time, that when a man died he had the power to return to this world in the form of a spirit. I deny it. I am surprised that such intelligent people will keep up such a belief, and instill it in the minds of the youth, in these enlightened times. What ! tell me that a man has power to come back into this world in the form of a spirit ? Don't believe it. There are but the two places, Hell or Heaven, when a man dies, and when his soul goes to heaven he don't want to ge back, and when he gets to Hell, the Devil gets hold of him, and he has no chance to get back again. Yes, writer, but did you not hear, at the time that Christ was crucified, that the dead saints got up and walked on the earth? Ah, reader, is anything impossible for God to do? That wa.ul .1^^' ' ;^,,„, „,y tl>ov .1.,. t e t'alll.,;H.uts. «— ; "'" r,; so uu,«evo«s tlmt we ;:,e,-icaus can't live. 0'j\f, ^ „.a>lc a ,noatl> >- t^ ,oU as tl>e An>cr.c|U,s Ho .^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^,^^ , Hun .«kI ho pvonavea bvca.t to i" 't-^ J^ , „^,,„ ot us a 1 lil^o Hn win prepare ways for f ""' '" ...te of California bat ^fsc Wli^^t wouia wo ao •.'■ "• J^if „„„,an't get along To iho Chinamen ? 'H- -;;'' ^^ £, wUe.hor white, or ^Hthout thenr tVn- --'^1: tCfore. they n.«st ^-« colored, it is d'»''">' '" " b„,, they say, we must hne Chinamen as house ---^;, J,^''fo. (hey work so eheap^ t,,e Chinamen out of ^'"' ;ore for rent, and are axe I As cheap as they work, th m u.en> out/ Ah, tore than any other ™- " ,' ^J ,„,,e that Californ- - - „, learned *-">^;;; ^.^t of the United ^^^^ X^. ir ZZL^ ^"'T 7r. h:er;:.atm1he a«e o. To'w let me t,ll you a ta^ Uat have^^ ^^^^ ^.^^_ ,j a boy to the present t.me^ ^ ^^.^ was raised among nu,, nf Philadelphia, m 13**. , . ( puople. Alltw ttCe American people »g-f ,,t ,' used at that time^ '^ to use the phrase that "^^ Ve^'^^^a say, "The damned So„e would say. "the 1"'^'' "f ^^„ i,eUvnd; that wo, the y***- . . ..U voui attention to the fact that ^ ^ ^^^ I want to call youi introduced mto the ub„i= 13 ( 106 ) fornia, and that thoso that were hero should leave, and those that didn't leave should he taxed heavily, and should wear tdgs; also, the same law was introduced in Oregon. While this was going on, Great Britain threw open her doors and invited us to Vancouver's Island. We commenced to flook there like bees, and the Sacramento merchants and proj)erty- holders began to intercede, and the bill went under the table, and we are all living in harmony up to the present time, and nobody is hurt yet. So you see, my whining friends, that the Irish and the Niggers have outlived that sentiment, and now it is the Chinamen. Who are the best workmen we have in America? The Irish. Who build your railroads ? The Irish. Who run your locomotives ? The Irish. Who build your canals ? The Irish. Who fought your battles in the war ? The Irish. Who work your hydraulic diggings in California ? The Irish. Who increased the value of property in San Francisco? The Irish. While the true Americans, whit© and black, would come and look at the sand hills, would stick their hands in their pockets, and would walk away and say, "I wouldn't give two cents for the whole place." But the Irish would come along, and squat his little tent, and would say, " This place will be good some time," and so he contin- ued to improve it, day after day, until his place became quite valuable. Then the American, like the eagle on some tall tree, watching the fish-hawk until he caught a fish, became anxious for the place, though he toiled none. If he couldn't buy at his own figure, he would set up some scheme or other to rob him out of it by titles. My opinion is. that the Irish people have increased the wealth of Philadelphia one-third to what she was twenty years ago. So you will see what these three classes had to undergo. V ( 107 ) iValHromsinbefree. Thou Ayiug Lamb, thy precious blood "^^^^^B^airneve.lose.s^po-^^^^ Till-all the ransomed chmcii o V hi ^ TTiri? AND DEATH. ,H. CBB.TXA.-S VO.AO. THBO.aH l.^B A. Though the sea. ^^--n: ^:^.S:tiuS^y captain And I -n make the VorU^^^^^;^ ^^^^^^ Homeward bound ^„:iin^', ^e'reoutonthooceaii^'i^ino. To a l^ome beyond the tide. Jordan's billows all around me, A.d the stormy tempests rage, Chorus— >Ve re uu XT T think I see the city, H 1 I heav the angels sming, cl'e. O-^-^Xr-oX ocean saiUug, etc. Vonae»o.es««^gel^|^t. r.^r;o.e.a.a^-teoeean.am.g,e.. OsoBtJS— vVo re out ( 108 ) Soon I shall be in the Kingdom Soon I shall outli I'e the storm ; Soon I shall b(3 in the Kingdom, There around my Father'-s throne. Choku.— We 're out on the ocean sailing, etc. There the winds will all be silent. There the tempests never rage ; % All the sailors that are faithful, There shall meet to part no more. Chokus— We 're out on the ocean stalling, etc. There I shall meet my brother, I shall meet my father, too. And with them I shall be happy, And neVer, never part again. Chorus- We 're out on the ocean sailing, etc. A second edition of this book, will be published with new and original matter of interest. 3W