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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. rrata o lelure, 1 d □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 • T HER MAJKSTY THK ^UKEN TP^ns? History of the Year 1893 ^ WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO Canadian Affairs TORONTO The Mail Printing Company 1894 4^ TIIR l',NliHAVIN<,S IN THIS llOnk" WKRE MAUK HY I HK MAIL, TORONTO 140233 IHK IRISriN(i IS HROM i HH I'RESS OK I HK. J. K. BRVANT CO., LTD. rORONTO HARDWARE *'Souvenir" Range Elegant in Appearance. This Range is a Com- ^ bination of every modern feature of m Utility, Convenience, >t: and Durability. Known to the Trad*. Perfect in Construction. Provided with •• /GRATED OVEN," Whicli ensures Properly Cooked Food, and ECONOMY IN FUEL. Made in Several Sizes, aiul adapted to the requirenient.s of lurKe or small families. IT WILL W( >RK SATISFAC rORILY WHERE OTHER STOVES OR RANGES FAIL. SOLD BY ALL LEADING STOVE DEALERS THROUGHOUT THE DO.MINION. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY The Ourney, Tiiden Co., ud. ike I'remier, and in view of the special law passed in the previous year authorizing the reference of difficult points to the Supreme Court for an opinion, the case had been carried to the highest tribunal for advice. Parliament met on the 26th of January. It was an early session, and was destined to be short, for the Premier had been honored by the Imperial authorities with a seat on the Board of Arbitration appointed to settle the Behring Sea difficulty, and he was due in Paris witiiin two months. The S|)eech from the Throne [xjinted to the growth of trade and to the sufiliciency of the revenue. It also made reference to our relaticjiis with the outside world. The trouble with New foundland arising out of the retaliatory measure consequent upon (..'anada's objection to the Bond- Blaine Reciprocity Treaty was itii^uswiyHH Sir JiiHN TicoMrKo.N, Premier atui Minister 0/ Justice. reported to be in process of arrangement, and the Sank Ste. Marie Canal difficulty was ex[)ect^ shortly to pass away. On the subject of legislation, the Speech promised amendments to the Franchise .\ct, improve- ments in the (Jivil Service l,aw, and the ballot for the Northwest. The Speech, as is usually the case, touched upon few of the subjects which were to agitate the legislatc/s during its session. In following the labors of Parliament, it may be convenient to deal with minor questions first, and to leave the greater for consideration afterwanls. The facts regarding Newfoundland were laid before the House in due course. It appeared from the |)aj)ers that the Ministers, having met the representatives of the colony at Halifax, arranged there for a cessation of hostilities. Hostilities is unquestionably the right word to use, for the colony had treated our fishermen as foreigners, and had taxed our goods, while in return we had laid a heavy impost upon Newfoundland fish. When discussing a modus vhieuJi, the ques- tion of union was broached. But nothing was done definitely in the way of arranging terms. It was reported, however, at St. NEWFOUNDLAND W F.I. LAND C ANA I. MANFFOHA DFSPUTE. ■■■4 \ l John's afterwarls thai Sir Uihi.nii Whitcway, the I'remicr, hadolitalned all the inlbrmaiion he needed with resptit to i-ontederation. " Whether il he tht intention of ihedovern- nient to take a plebiscite on the (luestioii, leave it for an issue at the general election, or exclude it from their iirograiiiine alto gether,' said one of ihe colonial paper'^, " certain it is thai no difficulty now eMsts in ascertainini; the terms (,'anada is prepared to ofTer." The same journal addi.d : '• I'lie present (Jovernment will do nothing without consulting the electorate, and this assurance we give on the authority of the I'lemier and his lieutenants. Should il he liecided tn suhmit the i|uesiioii to the p.'ople next spring, it will go before them in the shape of a plebiscite, and they will have the greatest freedom in rendering their verdict." No reference, however, was made to the question in the Newfoundland eleciions, which took |)lace six months later. Tne diffi- culties between Clanada ami the colony were, however, settled. Of the Sault Ste. Marie Canal trouble, the same report can be made. President Harrison had, in the juevious summer, laid an impost upon (.'anaduui shipping passing through that canal, in re- taliation for what was termed the dis( rimina- lory tolls on the Welhnd (^anal. When the .season opened, all suspicion of discrimination on the Welland Canal was removed, and the Sault Ste. Marie ' 'anal was once more opened to our use free of charge. The legislation of the session, owing probably to the haste with whic:h the proceedings had to be brought to a close, was not hervy. As a matter of fact, the bills to modify the Fran chise Law and to amend the (Jivil .Service Act were dro()[)ed. lUil a very important alteration was matie in the Criminal Law. This change had rel ition to the law of evidence, which is so amended as to render accused persons compellable witnesses, and to admit to the witness-box the wife or husband of the prisoner. .\n important experiment was made by this provision, and there were not a few experts who doubted its wisdom. But it is of interest to note that the Imperial House of Commons has, on several occasions, pas-td a similar bill, and that the Lord Cnancellor has had such a measure before the House of Lords. Some years ago accused persons were admitted in assault cases to the witness-box to testify on their own behalf. Many of the legal gentle men who oppostd that step have since con- cluded that it was wise. It is quite possible that those of us who are doubtful of the value of the more radical change may yet admit that it has its advantage. Passing from the smaller to the more excit- ing topics, it may ln' as well to deal at the outset with tl'.e ireaimeiil accorded by Parlia- ment to the Maiiito''a sy Mr. Mit'ailliy with roffrcnci; Ic tlie prnccil lire hffoti- ilie CahiiR't. Thus, wlr.le ilu- t«u .sieen given tolh»; Archbishop. Mr. I arte, for his part, connected Mr. ("hapleau's name with the uiulersiaiuling; for that gentleman, being then a Minister, hud visited the Archbishop prior to ihe writing of the letter,and there had followed bye elections in (,)uei)ic,at which the Ministerial candidates pledged themselves to be guidetl by the bishops in their votes on the burning issue. Hut Mr. Ouimet main- tained that there had been no pledgi', and a prolonged correspondence fo'lowed between His Grace and Mr, Tarte on the i)oint, in which Mgr. 'i'ach^, while adiiering tothe letter as a repetition by him of reports that had reached his ear.s, and affirming that he had lalkeil with Mr. ('hapleau, declined to endorse the view that a promise had iieen made. .An important feature of the debate was the declaration of Mr. I,aurier, the leader of the ()p[)osition, upon the question at issue. Hon. Mackknzik liii»ki.i.. MiMinUr 0/ Trade ami C 'twttnrrtr. Mr. I.aurier said a complaint had been made that the I'ublic schools of Manitoba were, in reality, a continuation of the " Protestant schools." He had heard this denied, but he had not found in any of the blue books or reports on the subject any denial. "If," said he. " this be indeed true, if under the guise of Public schools the Protestant schools ate being continued, and Romrn Catholic children are being forced to a tend these .'•4 I I ill -1 MAX/TO HA SCJ/00/. / J W— TARIFF CHANCES. I IVotestant sclmols, I say, and let my words 1)0 heard by frietids and foos over the length and brcadti) of the land, the strongest ca-ie has been made out lor interference, and, though my life as a [>olitical man depended upon it, I woulil undertake to say on every platfr>rm in Ontario and in Maii'toba -yes, and in every lodge room that the Roman C'athohcs of Manitoba had been put to liie most infamous treatment." After three days of debating the division was taken, and tiie resoluti(jn of Mr. Tarte was defeated by a vote of lao to 71. The opponents and advocates of disallowance helped to nuike u|» the minority, .\fier this the discussion was transferred \o the arena beyond the walK of Parliament. Ifetween Archbishop 'I'acheand Mr. I'arte it grew warm ; but it was much warmer wlien Mr. Ouimet and Mr. Tarte came into conflicl. The latter gentleman accused Mr. Ouimet <)f dui)licity to Mr. (Ihapleau on the occasion of the (Cabinet change of the year |)revious, under which Mr. Ouimet became .Nlinister of Public Works. He said that, while Mr. Chapleau was de- manding the Ministry of Railways, Mr. Ouihiet was under pledge not to take office unless that Minister's tecpiest was •iatisfied ; but nevertheless Mr. Ouimet accepted the Pubtic Works portfolio. This treason, as Mr. 'Carte termed it, resulted m the resigriaiion of Mr, (Jhafjlcau, and his acceptance of the governorship of Ouebec ; thus imperilling the Manitobta minority. Mr. Ouimet, at a public meeting, ilenied the whole story, and replied m kind. Mean while the Manitoba law was on its way to the Supreme Court. Here at the fall session its validity was argued by Mr. S. H. Blake and Mr. Ewart. The Manitoba (lovernment, opposing the proceedings, declined to be heard. The point at issue is of interest. When the Act was before the Judicial Com- mittee of the Privy Council, theii lordships were asked to determine whether it invaded any of the rights as to education enjoyed by the minority " prior to the union " o( Mani toba with Canada. The reply was that there were no state aided Separate schools before the union , therefore the abolition of such schools was not an invasion of the rights accorded at that time. In the British North America Act, it is set forth that educational privileges conceded "after the union" are protected, and cannot be withdrawn. It was consequently maintained by the repre- sentatives of the minority that if there was no protection for the schools in virtue of the claim that they existed " before the union," protection was to be found under the Con- federation Act, which sustained the schools if establishetl "after the union." 'I'he point which the Supreme Court is to decide whether the educational clauses of the llritish North .America .Act, containing, as they do, the " after the-union " provision, really apply to Mi.nitoba as well as to Onlari(^ and (Quebec. If they do apply, then, the Manitoba minority claims, the Sepaiate schools must be re established. It is contended on behalf of Manitoba that the clause of the British North -Amerna Act cannot be applicable, because Manitoba has a special charter and a special set of clauses concerning the educational [lolicy. With thi> issue before the Supreme Court the ca.se is at rest until judgment is given. HllN. (i. K. Kosi KK, Minister of Finance. The next disturbing question was that of the tariff. It has already been |)ointed out that certain members supporting the Ciovern- ment had evinced a desire for a reduction of the duties, and that Mr. McCarthy had declared for a radical change. Fully sup- |K)rting Mr. McCarthy was Mr. O'Brien, of .Muskoka, who had long been a prominent member of the Cimservative party. Mr. McCarthy made his first tariff declaration at Stayner, in his constituency, on January 25. Two points were emphasized by him in lay- ing his project before the people. First, it was as.serted that there were combinations whiih enhance prices ; and, next, it was declared that as the Americans are about to lower their tariff it was opportune that we should adopt a similar policy. This clearly meant a reduction all rountl. But' accom- panying the proposed reduction was a • - y»i, ' lo TARIFF REFORM. suggt'hlion thai wc (liscriininatc to the extent of ten per cent, in favor of liritish imports. Mr. McCarthy desired a maxinuim and a minimum tariff, siicli as obtains in France and (lermany, the minimum to apply to ('■real ISritain and tliose coimtrii's in which we have favored treatment, and tlie maximum to liave force as respects tlie United States. Should it i)e supposed that su( h a scheme would be productive of irritation across the line, the discrimination in favor of British imports was to be effected in another way, as, for instance, by the lowering of the duties upon such goods as we are bouml to pur- chase in England. In either case, however. It was suggestcti that an nitimation be given to the \Vashington authorities that any concessions made by them wouUl be met by concessions from us. This was a wi 'e (iei)arture from tli .' Natit)nal Policy. It <:reated a prolonged, and, in some cases, an angry discussion. Nor can it lie said that it did not find favor in unexpected quarters. I'hc people ot the United States had declared for tariff reduction, and low tariff was m the air. W'Ikii Parliament met. there was universal curiosity touching the iiosilion the (lovernment, and indeed the Opposition, which had, in the election of iSyi, advo- cated unrestricted rci iprocity, would assume towards Mr. Mc(!arlhy's programme. The Ministerial attitude was developed when, on I'ebruary 14, Mr. Foster delivered tile Hudget speech. It was on all fours with the p(jlicy outlined by the Premier in his Toronto deliverance, in that it declared that the scale of duties was not immutable, and that change might be looked for. The I'lnance Minister, howe\er, guarded liimself by the statement that tariff alterations must be in accordance with the princijiles underlying the National Policy. It was further slated l)y the .Minister that there would be during the recess a thorough examination into the question by himself, the .Minister of Trade and (."ommerce, and the Controllers of C'ustoms and Inland Revenue. This enquiry was to be conducted by personal interviews with the merchants, manufacturers, and farmers, and, as a result of the information thus obtained, a measure of tariff reform was to be brought down in the session of 1894. In the meantime there were to be i)reliminary decreases in the tariff. 'I'he Finance Minis- t<.r anncjunced a reduction of the duty on binder twine from 25 per cent, to i2'.<^ per cent., and the abolition of certain restrictions on coal oil, estimated at about two cents per gallon. Coal oil may now be imported in bulk in tanks, and the total tax on it is a duty of seven and one fifth cents pe- gallon. Mr. Foster also intimated that mining machinery, the free entry of which expired in the follow- ing month, would be placed on the free list for three years more. The policy was received by different shades of (ijjinion in different moods. To the Ministerialists and many of the advocates of tariff change within the Conservative ranks, it was satisfactory. It was argued that any tariff alterations ought to be duly preceded by a very thorough Hi>.\. John Hai;(.akt, Ministtr of Kaillvays iiHii Ciina/s. examination. The Opposition and Mr. \ic(,'artby, however, were not convinced. Sir Richard Cartwright made a vigorous attack upon the (Jovernment for its delay, and moved a resolution declaring that the tariff bears heavily and unjustly on the great consuming classes of the Dc'minion, and, therefore, should be thoroughly reformed in the direction of freer trade. The debate was continued for two weeks. ^Vhile in prr)grcss an animated discussion arose bctwt;en Mr. Charlton and the Ministers, lotably the .Minister of Finance, with respect to the procedure of the Government when reciprocity was under consideiation at Washington in i8<;i. It was maintained by Mr. ('harlton that the delegates could have secured, had they been in (-arnest, a measure of reciprocity which did not call for discrim- ination against Cireat Britain. But Mr. I'oster held to the report already made that Mr. Blaine, with whom the negotiations were conducted, required free trade, if an ar- rangement were reached between Canada t 'M. /■*■ .BHVSV^" JV'T* »W.WJ'«'!i^!pM V) 1.1 '. 'IV « witdwwftmmmm < TARIFF REFORM. II ami the United States, and a common tariff against the world, (Ireat Ikitain not ex- cepted. 'I'here had been previously cross- lirmg between Mr. Foster, the United States Secretary of State, and Mr. Foster, our I'lnance Minister, on this very point. The debate was i)rought to a close on February jSth, when .Mr. I.aurier made a general .itiack on the policy of the C.overnment, dwelling particularly upon the results of the tariff, and upon the failure of the Mmisters lo secure a reciprocity treaty with the United States. He denied emiihatic.illy that the Liberal policy im[)lied the adoption of the American tariff by Canada. The Liberals, he said, knew that free trade, such as ICngland enjoyed, would be impiacticable fur this country for many years to come, but their policy was the imposition of such duties only as were necessary for the purposes of revenue. Mr. Foster made a reply, de- fending his part in the reciprocity negotiations with the United States, and claiming that those of tlie Liberal |)arty who had spoken on the subject had misrepresenteil his |)osi- tion. .\t tiie close of his speech he called upon the Conservatives who might be dissat irified with one or two features of the National Policy to support the (lovernment, as the Liberals had pledged themselves to the destruction of the principle of protection. The vote, which was taken in the early morn- ing of I'ebruary 29, in the [iresence of brilliant galleries, stood 12610 71. leaving the Covern- meiU's majority 55 on the division. Mr. McCarthy and Mr. O'Brien voted with the .\dministratioii and against the amendment proposed by Sir Richard, while Mr. C'alvin Noted on the Opposition side. Immediately following the division came an amendment liy Mr. Mc(.'arihy in favor of free binder twine. 'I'his motion secured the votes of the O()|)osition, and of the following Ministerial- ists: Messrs. Oiirien, r)avin, Hryson, and Hodgins. In March Mr. McCarthy came forward with a tariff amendment embodying Ins views. This amendment is really an excellent summary of his speech, for which reason it is given in full : " That since the introduction of the protective system suffi- cient time has e)a[)sed for the establishment and development of such manufacturing industries as, under existing conditions, can be successfully carried on in Canada ; more- over, many manufacturers, sheltered behind the rampart thus erected, have formed combinations and trusts, which prohibit competition, and create and maintain monopolies. 'I'hat the existing tariff, defensible only as a protective measure, has priived, in many instances, oppressive and burdensome to the great mass of the consuming clas.ses, and especially to those engaged in agricultural pursuits, is unfair and unetiual in its incidence, and has been productive of discontent, verging on disloyalty, among those who suffer from its injustice. That no sufficient reason has been adduced or exists recjuiring investi gallon respecting the fori'going facts, which are notorious, nor justifying delay in the passage of remedial legislation, which is imperative. 'I'hat, in the opinion of this House, the tariff ought to beat once amended in respect of the matters lierein indicated, and also by the substantial reduction of customs Hon. J. A. Oi i\ini , Miitistt'r of Public Works, duties in favor of the United Kingdom, in whose markets all Canadian jiroducts are admitted duty free, and of those nations which under treaty obligations with (Ircat Hritain would be entitled to the .same advan- tages, graduated, howe\er, so as not unneces- sarily to prejudice the business of the country, nor to do wrong to those who have importeii and paid duties in accordance with its provisions. Ami this House declares its readiness to make a light reduction in favor of such other portions of the I'Jiipire, or of such other foreign countries, especially the United States of .\merica, as are willing lo reciprocate in matters of trade with Canada on fair and e(juitable terms.' 'I he debate was not long, the cpiestion having* been very thoroughly dealt with in the former discus- sion. It terminaled with a vote of 61 for the amendment, against 1 id in opposition to it. K^Z-av afitfcy-— ^tta^ 7jbw»=---xi-j . % la A.V EXPEDITION OF ENQUIRY. The Liberals voted with Mr. McCarthy, and, in addition, there were on his side Messrs. Hodgins and O'Hrien. .\fter this there were sporadic attacks upon the tariff; hut the (loverninent tided tlie issue on tiie promise to ent|uire and to propose changes in the fol- lowing session. During the recess Mr. Foster and Mr. liowell connnenced their investiga- tions among the iiumufacturcrs, while .Messrs. Wallace and Wood heard the farmers in various parts of the country. Mr. Bowell was not able to attend the entire series of meet- ings, as it was decided that he should under- take a trade mission to .Australia, to which reference will be made later on. Mr. .Vngers, therefore, joined Mr. Foster, and journeyed with him through Manitoba, the Northwest, and HritishColumbia,collectingo])inions. * An official report of Mr. Foster's encjuiries has not been published ; but the Controllers, who met so many farmers, have issued a statement as to the result of their investigations. Of 6j witnesses who mentioned the coal oil duty particularly, it seems the majoiity, 36, advised the removal of the [)resent duties altogether ; 23 asked for a reduction of the present duty, while leaving sutilicient to pro- tect the home industry ; three wanted the duty on coal oil left as it is. In the matter of barbed wire, five would be satisfied with a reduction, while 35 wanted the article free. Binder twine, 25 out of 26 wanted it free. I'^ourteen favored retention of duties on agricultural implements as affording fair jiro- tecti(»n : twenty four wanted the duty reduced : and twelve wanted agricultural implements to be made free. Of seven who spoke of "stoves, nails, and hardware,'' only one professed himself satis- fied with [)resent dutit.. The others wanted them reduced. Nine asked a reduction in iron and steel ; four were satisfied with the duties. The subject of tea and coffee was brought up by 23, who thought a revenue should be raised on these articles, which are now free. The nitajority, if not all, of these witnesses were people who don't drink tea o" jfTee, and their testimony was o|)posed oy 37 others, who wanted tea and coffee left on the free list. I'orty spoke of the duties on " farm pro- ducts " as a whole. Two would be willing to see them wiped out altogether ; 37 stooii for the protection afforded by the present tariff ; one fanner thought it should be increased. 'I'aking separate items, 77 favored the present duty on foreign pork, 1 2 did not care if it were taken off, and eight wanted more protection. Six were free traders, so far as beef is concerned, while eight delegates urged increased protection, and 41 testified that at least the present duty was necessary to give the farmer adequate protection against American beef. Fifty-nine urged the benefit of the present duty on corn from the United States, and two warted it increased. Thirty two, mostly large stock-raisers, thought ihey should be allowed to import corn free. Ten said they would agree to free corn from the States, provided our neighbors would take off the duty on Canadian barley. Thus for protec- tion, as against free trade in corn, the opinion stood 71 to 32. In tile matter of grass seeds and hops, all who mentioned these items favored the present or increased duties. Of those who spoke of fruits, '(wc^ wanted protection in creased, i.S were satisfied, and three favored reduction or abolition. Four asked for a specific duty of so much a barrel on imported l)lums and pears, while two asked that a duty be put on bananas, as they came into com- petition with home-grown fruits. Sixty-three delegates volunteered their opinions on the ijuestion of free trade. SiK John Cari.inc;. Seven were for free trade, fifty-six were opposed to it. In the opinion of nine delegates, the country could probably get along under direct taxation ; thirty-two others, who spoke on the ly. He deduced from the evidence this argument : Sir Adolpht' C.iroii vva^, in 18S7, one of a com- mittee attending to elections in the (^)iiebec district. Hon. William Ross was a hading C'onservative there. This gentleman, who had always promoted the Conservative cause, was three limes a millionaire. Sir .\tlolphe asked him to subscribe to the election fund, and he gave $25,000. 'J'he subscription had Hon. llAvii) Mills. nothing to do with railway subsidies, and, so far as Sir .\dolphe knew and believed, was a personal affair. The receipt of the money was legitimate, and there was nothing to show that it had been corruptly used. ( )n the ()pi)osition side, it was maintained that Hon. Mr. Ross had charged the $25,000 against Mr. Heemer, the contractor for the construc- t jii of the railway, and that this gentleman had really jiaid the money. .Mr. Mc(,'arihy i6 A TREATY WITH FRANCE. took part in the debalt*, and declared against Sir Adoiplie on the gnnind liiat Mr. Ross financed the I,ake St. Joiin Raihray, and that money should, therefore, not have heen accepted from him. On a division the vote stojd 69 to 1 19, the t'lovernment thus .scor- ing a majority of 50. Mr. O'Brivin and Mr. McCarthy voted with the Opposition. Willie Parliament was in session, the news came that Sir C^harles '['upper was negotia- ting a commercial treaty with France. We had been trying to come to terms with the P'rench ever since 1H74. Prior to that year, we enjoyed the advantage of the most- favored natit)n clause of the British treaty. But in 1873 the Frenrli treated us as a separate people, and placed us under the provisions of the general tariff with non- treaty • ountries, wiiich made their duties upon our products higher than they were before. In the following year C'anada in'.reased the duties on French wines, and immediately proceeded to bargain wiih a view to effecting a return to freer conditions. It was not until 1879 that the business of negotiating really oi)ened. \\. that time we were very anxious to secure better terms in France for wooden ships, which had pre- viously found a large market there, (^ngi nally, the duty on such vessels bought l)y France was two francs per ton ; but the alteration in our s'atus raised the duty, so far as we were concerned, to forty francs, and killed the trade. Canada offered to remove the ad valonm duties on I'Vench wines if France would take our ships at the old figure and reduce the duties on agricul- tural implements, tools, cutlery, and fish. But the French Chambers thought the offer was not good enough. 'I'hereupon, the negotiations ended. In 1882 Sir Ale.vander (ialt tried again. He named a list of articles in respect of which a tariff reduction was recpiired by C'anada, and promised that we, for our part, would remove the ad valorem wine duty, and refrain from levying a trans- portation tax upon imports not coming directly from France. Once more the negotiations failed. When Sir (.'harles 'I'upper became High Commissioner, namely, in 1883, he promptly took ii[) the (juestion where Sir .Mexander dalt had left it; but it was not until he had operated for ten years that be secured the bargain of which report was now made. The F'reiich, how- ever, before negotiating with Sir Charles, had raised their tariff to a very high figure. Formerly, there was one scale of duties. Under the new arrangement, which came in force in January, 1892, France had a maxi- mum and a minimum tariff. We were governed by the maximum. When the news came that Sir Charles 'I'upper was negotiating, great interest was evinced in the outkxjk. Later on, when the treaty itself arrived, doubts were raised as to its advan- tages. One objection to it was that it called for a reduction in the wine duties, and thus removed the protection the Canadian wine producer enjoyed not only as against I'rance, but also as against the United States. \ second objection was the inclusion in the treaty of a most-favored-nation clause. Uniler this clause, Canada was required to give France the benefit of all tariff reductions she might make in favoi of other countries while France agreed to give Canada n^ other reductions than such as might be made li\- her ill the duties upon the articles named in the limited list included in the treaty. 'I'he very first objection raised to the bargain came from the Finance Minister on March 13. Mr. I'oster then plainly intimated that the convention was not what he had looked for, especially in that it gave little and asked from us a great deal. The .Minister cited par ticularly the most-favored nation arrangement as unexpected, and concluded by mentioning that the treaty, which was subject to ratifica- HoN. T. M. Dai.v, Minister 0/ the Intetior. tion, could be held over for explanation and consideration. The rejiort of Mr. I''oster's speech went to London and U) i'aris, in both of which cities it created much discussion. On the one hand, it was assumed that the Ciovernment was bound to sustain the treaty, hs it was negotiated under its instruc- tions , on the other, it was maintained that Ministers were free to o])pose it, but at the ,VOy.'l SCOT/A COA L~PROROGATION. 17 interfi'ie with the disposition of them. If thf property had been improperly dealt with, it expense of the negotiator — the High Com- missioner. Sir Charles I'upper liimself took the ground, in inicrviews he had with representatives of the press, iiiat tlie (ioverii iTient ought to take th'' responsibility for the treaty or resign. It was reported at this time that the relations between Sir Charles and the Minister.^ ,vere very much strained, and that Mr. ('. H. 'Pupp-T, Sir Charles' son, was insisting that the treaty be ratified. Further comtiuinications were had with I'aris, however, and the upshot was a post- ponement of the Ministerial decision until the session of iSi)4. Meanwhile, an exam- ination of the correspondeiue between the Ministers at Ottawa and .'^ir Charles in I'aris .>howed lliat the Covernnient had objected to the favored nation clause, but that Sir Charles Tupper had signed the treaty just before the objection reached him. Another great i|ueslion which agitatetl Parliament had reference to the sale, early in the year, of certain Nova Scotia coal mining propertic's to a wealthy syndicate composed largely of citi/ens of the United Slates. The (lovernment (jf Nova Scotia hatl effected this transfer under terms that it held to be espe- cially advantageous to the province Hut some of the Conservatives o|)posed the transaction. In llie Legislature the oi)position was futile. The case was, therefore, carrietl to Ottawa. Here a delegation of members waited upon the Oovernor-Cieneral, and invited the dis- allowance of the local law for Imperial as well as for local reasons. It was said that the foreigners might fire or flood the mines in time of war, and that thus the coal supply for the navy would lie cut off. Lord Stanley referred his interviewers to the Ministers. But miportant (|uestions had been raised by the appeal to His Isxcellcncy, namely ; the point as to the right of members to go to the ( lovernor-Oeneral direct, and to ask him to set aside a local law, and a second issue as to the power of the (lOvernor-Oeneral to deal with such legislation. Mr. Mills introduced the (luestion, and contended that the proper channel of communication was through the Ministers, and that action could not be taken without their advice. Mr. Weidoii, who participated in the interview, however, main- tained that all subjects had the right to a[)proach Her Majesty's representative by petition, and that it really did not matter whether the petition was \erbal or written. The point as to procedure was not deter- mined, but the action of the (loverninent will) regard to the legislation was speedily settled. Sir John Thompson asserted that the mines belonged to the province, and that the Federal author-ties were not entitled to was the privilege of the people of Nova Scotia 10 .^ay :io. I'he bargain inii^ht be bad ; but, nevertheless, the Dominion (iovernment could not veto it. H..N. (i. VV. K..SS, Miituti-r it/' EiiiiiiitioH /or Ontario. Parliament was prorogued on .April i, after the shortest, and, possibly, the most exciting, session on record. When it opened tl.e Ciovernment was faced with difficulties and divisions, and while it was in progress new troubles presented themselves. But the Ministers were able to avoid the rocks and to reach the end in safety. (Jwing to breaks here and there in the Ministerial ranks, tl.e strength of the party varied at different times. It is important to observe how the figures ran. The following record in the divisions tells the story ; miniv.ih.ai MAll>kn^ . On Mr. L:\urier's motion to reduce la.vatiiiii, yea:,, 53 ; n;iys, lOJ 50 On the iiropiisilion of .Mr. O'lirien to ad- journ ;i dctiato. yeas, 99 ; nay.s, 58 ... . 41 (In Mr. Miilock's nioiion for free hinder twine, yeas, 51 ; nay.s, qi 40 < In Mr. I'.dgar's motion r^ .Sir A'lolphe , it seems, the seals journey every summer, remaining there until the fall. While there they are driven inland, and are killed to the number allowed by law. For some years the business of sealing was carried on by tiie company alone : but Canadian vessels ultimately entered Behring Sea and prose- cuted the industry, not on land, nor on the coast, but on the ocean. On August i, 1.S86, a revenue cutter of the United States seized two Canadian vessels in the liehring Sea, one seventy and the other seventy live miles from land. These were the Caroline and the Thornton. On the following day the Onward was ca|>tured, 115 miles from land. The vessels were taken to Sitka and were condemnetl, and their captains lined for intrusion within United States waters. In leSiSy, and in i88y, other vessels were taken. 'I"he captures became the subjects of diplomatic correspondence. On the part of (ireat Britain, restitution was claimed for the seizure of liritish vessels on the open f)cean. 'I'he L'liited States (lovernmcnt replied that Behring Sea was a close the i)ro|)osed convention, and so after wards did l.oid .Salisbury. Thereupon the THE li Ell RIM! SEA A h'/UTJi.tT/OX. «9 Unit*. latcs -liaitieil ;!).it just as the Imperial (loverniucnt was about to capitulate the C!anadians, MiereiolDiiists t'lat tliey were, rudely inlerfc-red and preventtd a wise and friendly settlement. 'I'lu; Imperi ' ddvern- ment, hnwever, denied that Canada ex- ceeded her riglits, or that England hail ever promist-d to make the concession from which it was said she had, at the instij^aticm of the Dominion, withdrawii. Under the new con- dition of affairs, a dis( ussion of the issue upon its merits became necessary. 'I'hen arose the ([uestion as to what really were the rights of the United States in IJehring Sea. Such rights as the Americans enjoy must have been derived from Russia with the jiurchase of .Alaska, liut the Russian rights were governed by international law, and by tieaties niade with England and other countries. It was contended, on the British side, that inider arrangement with Russia England enjoyed full rights in the sea. 'I'his point was about to be sent to arbitration when a difticuliy arose, (ireat ISritain had, in iSt;i, agreed in a friendly way, and pending negotiations, to e\ elude Canadian vessels from llehring Sea for a year, paying them, of course, the damages they sustained through such exclusion. So long as this arrangement was in force, the United States was slow to come to terms upon the main (|uestion. Early in iScj:; Mr. lilaine asked for a renewal of the bargain. This Lord Salisbury declined until the aorary agreement on C(jnditi>)n that the arbitratiTii should goon at once; and, further, that if the arbitt.ition did not result favor- ably to the United States, the sealers would be compensated for the suspensif)n of their operations, dreat Britain afterwards voted .$100,000 t(> the (Canadian sealers as damages for the suspension of their work ; but an- nounced later on that this sum woidd not be asked of the United States, although the trea- ty set forth that it would have to be paid. This snag having been avoided, the terms of the arbitration were decided upon. The ques- tions submitted to the arbitrators were these : 1. What exclusive jurisdiction in the 'iehring Sea, and what exclusive rights in the seal fisheries, had Russia, prior and up to :he time of the cession of .Alaska to the United States? 2. How far were these claims of jurisdic- tion conceded by (Ireat Britain? 3. Was the body of water now known as the Behring Sea included in the phrase '• I'acifir Ocean," as used m the treaty of 18^5 between ( Ireat Britain and Russia ; ind what rights, if any, in the ik-hring Sea were held and exclusively exercised by Russia after said treaty ? 4. Dili not all the rights of Russia in the treaty luUween the United Slates anu Russia of .\inrch ,50, 1X67, pass uiiiini)aired to the United States under that treaty ? 5. Has the United Stat';s any right of protection or properly in liie fur seals fre- i|uenting the islands of the United States .SiK C'makifs H. Tkitkk. Ministry of fl/iirint- attii /''is/ii-rit-s. in Behring Sea when such seals are found outside the ordinary three-mile limit ? In addition, it wiis stipulated that, if the arbitrators found that the United Slates had no exclusive rights outside of the three-mile limit, they should say what concurrent regulations, if any. were necessary for the preservation of the fur seal. The (luestion of damages was not submitted ; but it was provided that the arbitrators could say whether or not there had l)een illegal seizures. Before the arbiirators, the United States proposed to contend that Behring Sea belonged originally to Russia, that P-ngland acknowledged Russia's exclusive rights in the seal fisheries, that these rights passed to the United Slates, and that, there- fore, the United States owned the sea and the seals, and that the seizure of the Canadian vessels was iustifiable. It turned out after 30 THE lUlHRING SEA ARtUTRATIOS'. the treaty was sinmd, hut l)efore the arhitra- lors liad met, that the claim of the United States, in respect of jurisdiction, rested chiefly on certain Russian documents found at Washington, ;md translated hy a Russian orticial of the State Department, named Ivan Petroff, for the information of the (iovern ment. These documents consisted, for the most [)art, of proclamations or ukases issued from St. I'etcrshurn, in which exclusive juris- diction in the IJehring Sea was asserted. When the papt^rs were sent forward to (ireat Britain for examination and '■eply, they were compared w ih duphcatts there, and it was discoven-d, to the astonish ment not only of the Uritish officials, but also of those of the L'nited States, that every sentence which helped the case of the United States had been forjjed by I'etrolT. As a consequence, the most forcible evidence on the Unued States side had to be with- drawn, and the learned counsel for that country were com|ielled to base the ar(;u- ments they addressed to the arl)itrators upon the theory advanced by Mr. Hlaine, as the lesser branch of his case, that the seals were the proi)erty of the United States by birth, and could, therefore, be protected wherever found. I'he arji;iMnents on both sides were lonj; and able. While in progress, (ireat Uritain oflfered to accejit regulations protective ot the fur species. On Auj^ust 15 judgment was given. All the claims of the United S-ates as to exclusive rights were denied, and the seizures were practically declared to have been illegal. fUit regulations were prescribed. These were, in brief, as follow : 1. No seals are to be taken within a /one of sixty mi.'es of tiie I'ribyloflf Islands. 2. No seals are to b-; taken between May 1 and July 31 north of the 35th degree of latitude. 3. During the period that fur sealing is allowed, sealing vessels only shall be allowed to participate. 4. liach vessel shall have a special license and a distinguishing flag. 5. Each captain shall keej) a log of the date and pLace of sealing, and particulars of the catch. U. The use of nets and firearms is for- bidden. Shotguns, however, may be used outside of Hehring Sea during the season. The result, in so far as the judgment against the United States claim was con- cerned, was a victory for. Canada. But the proposed regulations modified this trium[)h, and practically rendered the result a com- promise. The close season, however, was shorter than the United States desired, and longer than (ireat Britain pioposed. The U'nited States, in the draft treaty submitted by Mr. Blaine and rejected through the non concurrenc e of ( "anada, placed the close season at from .\pril 15 to November 10. Ivngland, at the arbitr.ition. offered to accept a season extending from September 1 5 to July 1. The arbitrators determined thai the season should extend from May i to July 31. Touching the seizures, the arbitrators re()orted th.\t they had been effected outside of the territorial limits of the United States, But the ([uestion of HiN J. C. Pa rTKRSON, Minister of Miliiiii. damages was not dealt with, and this is to be considered later on. The judgment was accepted throughout the world favorably. As marks of distinction for tjieir services in connection with the arbitration. Sir John Thompson was appointed a Privy (Jounciilor of England, in virtue of which he is to he known henceforth as "The Right Honor- able"; Mr. Tupper became a Knight of the Order of St. Michael and St. (ieorge; and Mr. Christopher Robinson was elevated to the same order, which honor, however, he tleclined for personal reasons. There was a brief cessation of political activity after the close of Parliament ; but on June 20 business was resumed by the Liberals, who held a great and enthusiastic convention at Ottawa for the jiurpose of formulating a proi;ramme. .'\bout 1,500 delegates attended at Mr. Eaurier's call, and Sir Oliver Mowat, the veteran I'remier of Ontario, was elected to the chair. Marked unanimity prevailed, and inspiring speeches were delivered by all the leaders. The resolutions adopted by the convention form the platform upon which the Liberals will »,j THE GREAT I.IHERAI. CO.WENTION, St jf III It le er fi^lu the next elec-tion. Summarized, the planks an- as follow : 1. The Tariff.— \SKi declare thai the exist ing tariff has oppressed the masses to the enrichment of the few, and that the highest interests of the peo|)le demand its removal ; that the tariff should be reduced to the needs of honest, economical, and et^cient government ; that it should be so adjusted as to make free, or to bear as lightly as possible upon, the riecessaries of life, and should be so arranged as to promote free trade with the whole world, more particularly (]reat Britain and the United States. 2. Keciprocity. The Liberal party is pre- pared to enter into negotiations with a view to obtaining a fair and liberal treaty, includ- ing a well considered list .of manufactured articles. 3. Corruption. — The convention deplores the gross corruption in the managen.ent and e.xpenditure of the public moneys which for years past has existed under the rule of.tlie Conservative part)', and the revelations of which I'.ave brought disgrace upon the fair name of Canada. 4. The Piihlic Debt. — We cannot but view with alarm the increase of the public det)t, and of the controllable annual expenditure, and we demand strict economy m the administration of the government uf the country. 5. Trial of Ministers. — I'he convention regret that by the action of .Ministers and their supporters in i'arliament, in one case in which serious charges were made against a Minister of the Crown, invt.-stigation was altogether refused ; while in another case the charges preferred were altered, and then referred to the commission afjpointed upon the advice of the Ministry, contrary to the well-settled practice of I'arliament. 6. Public Lands. — In the opinion of this convention the sales of public lands of the Dominion should be to actual settlers only, and not to speculators, upon reasonable terms. 7. The Franchise Act. In the opinion of this convention the Act should be repealed, and we should revert to the provincial franchise. 8. Redistributions. — In the formation (jf electoral divisions, county boundaries should be preserved, and in no case should parts of two counties be put in one electoral division. 9. The Senate. — The constitution of the Senate should be so amended as to tjring it into harmony with the principles of popular government. 10. Prohibition. — It is desirable that the minds of the people should be clearly ascer- tained on the (piestion of prohibition by means of a Dominion plebiscite. .After a two days' session, the convention rose. Mr. I.aurier subse(juently made a tour of Ontario, during which he expounded the policy. Following the session of I'arliament, and prior to the convention, the Liberals scored a victory in Vaudreuil The county was taken by Mr. Macmillan (Con.servative) by a majority of 85 at a former election, (in April 12 Mr. Harwood (Liberal) carried it over Mr. Chevrier by 155. November 22 brought the Liberals another victory. Mr. llugli I. Macdonald, son of Sir John Mac- donald, had resigned his seat for Winnipeg, explaining that he could not give attention to political affairs. The c-andidates for the vacant seat were Mr. Isaac Can)|)l)ell (Con- servative) and .Mr. Jo.sei)h Martin (Liberal). A very vigorous campaign was fought. The vote stood: Martin, 2,208; Campbell, 1,770. The Liberal majority was thus 438. (Ireat sur[irise was expressed at the result, owing to the fact that Mr. Macdonald had carried the city in 1891 by a majority of 500. HoNciKi; Mkki \¥M, m.p. .\ new scandal presented itself in June, anc' called for action. The (lovernmenl this time did not wait for I'arliament to commence the en(]uiry, but proceeded with the investi- gation itself by Royal Commission. IJriefiy given, the facts of the case are these : The I'ederal authorities decided in the previous fall to reconstruct the railway and passenger bridges passing over the I^chine Canal a Montreal. The estimated cost was $175,000. Some changes, however, were made in the i)lans, and these brought the expected price 33 THE StcCKEI'.VYCONXOI.l. V CASE. u|) to $350,000. When the liills came rolliii^ in, tlxy were addi.'d up in the Railways and ( anals hipartnicnt, and it wu> found that $450,000 had heen spent. As a result, the Muiister called a hall, and ai)pointed the Connnission of MtKiuiry. 'I'he Tnst discovery made liy the ( 'onnnission had reference' to the prmriple n|)on which the work had been conducted. It had not been let hy contract, as is usual ; hut had been prosecuted by the day Ut)or .system. A contractor supplied the labor, and the ('lovernment othcials utilized il. It was intimated hy s(»me of the witnesses that too many men had been ei\iployed, and that they had not be -n all kept diligently at work. The engineirs e.\plained, however, that the da\' labor system had to be resorted to owing to the haste with which the bridj;es were constructed, for it was essential that tralfic and navigation should not be interfered with. Mr. Haggart, accfjrding to the docu ments, was not favorable to llie day labor |)lan. He was guided t)y his ailvisers. It was ch.irgcd further, in the evidence, that there had been waste in the purchases both of stone and Umdier. This case awaits the report of the Royal Commissioners. Mean while the engineer who conducted the work IS under suspension. While this new scaiulal was a nine days' wonder, an old scandal was revived in November by the trial of Mr. Thomas Mcdreevy and .Mr. N. Connolly, at Ottawa, on the c:harge of conspiracy to defraud the (iovernment in connection with the (Quebec Harbor contracts. This tria. was the culmination of what are known a^ the Tarte c!iarges. It ought to have t;.ken place earlier; but it was delayed through the absence of witnesses. One of these men, Owen E. Murphy, was the principal figure, and indeed the villain, in the case. He had esi iped to New ^'ork to avoid punishment for a fraud he had per|)etrated in (^)uel)ec, and there, when his evidenc:e was sought, he sudclenly died. Mur[)hy having gone to his reward, tiie trial was proc;eeded with without him. The oflfence charged against Mr. McCreevy and Mr. Conncjily is thus de- sc:rihed : I.irge and valuable contracts were to be awarded for work to be performed in (Juebec Harbor. A dock was to be Iniilt, and a great deal of dredging was recjuiretl. .•\s the Dominion (iovernment was advancing the money for all this enterprise, the Department of Public Works saw to the letting of tenders, thus relieviivj the Harbor Conmiissioners of some of their responsi- bilities. Mr. McCreevy was a Harbor Commissioner, and, besides, a member of Parliament and a friend of the Minister of Public Works. It was chargeil by Mr. Tarte that Mr. McCireevy, although osten- sibly [)rotectnig the public interest as a Harbor Commissioner and a member, really worked with and for the contractors, getting nioiu'N from them for elections, and, by way of his brother Robert, siiaring personally in their profits. I'his was the chief count in the indie tment laid before Parliament in the memorable season of iX(;i, and it is the basis of the offence c)f cons|)iracy for which .Mr. McCreevy and Mr. ( onnolly, a member of the contracting firm, were tried. The jury found .Messrs. .Mc ( Ireevy and Connolly guilty, and they were sentenc:ed to one year's imprisonment each in the county jail. .SiH AtHlLHIlK ('aKmS, "•• . '" I'ostmaiUr'iUntra!. '^ Late in the year several important events, from the I'Vdeial point of view, took place. The New Brunswick (iovemorsiiip, long held by Sir Leonard Tilley, was on Sc;p- teniber 24 given to Hon. John lio)d. The appointment was very popular ; but Mr. Poyd did not live" long to enjoy it, for he died suddenly on December ^ He was succeeded by Mr. Justice l'ra/,er. On November _^, Mr. C. H. Mackintosh was ai)|)ointed Covernor of the Northwest in succx'ssion to Covernor Royal. He had sat in the Commons for Ottawa. An election being necessary to fill the vacant seat. Sir James (irant was nominated by the Conser- vatives, and was elected by acclaniation. On October 4 Mr. J. V. lillis, of St. John, was sent to jail for thirty days for contempt of court. He had severely criticized, in his paper, the decisions of one of the judges in the celebrated Queen's County election case. //^'.V7A'.//././.\ THAnE - PNOl IXCIAI. POLITICS. n His cdinmcnts, m;ulf live yors n^o, >v. re conilcMiiinil .It the tune l»y tli<' court ; Imt lie a|>pe;ilc'(l without success, and, on appearing for sentence, was tu)mn>itte(l to jail for the term nieniioned. Olijeciion wa> taken to the trtatment he received, on the ground that onteinpt t f i mirt was an aiitii|ualed offence, and iliat, anyway, lie ought lo have had liie henefit of a trial hy jury. Sir Alex. T. (i.ilt died on September 22; and Sir John AliDott, tlie c\ I'lemier, died on ()ctot)er 31. 'I'luis two respected statesmen passed away witliin a few weeks of eacli other. Late in the fall Mr. Howell went lo Australia on a trade mission, the hojie being that he would be able to interest the people of the Anti- podes in commerce with C'anada, and jios- sibl\ arrange for a reciprocal treaty. Mr. Itdwell was well received, and a convention of colonial delegates was proposed as a result of his visit. On his return, he dropped in at Honolulu. Some of the papers in the L'niletl Slates gave the visit international significance, and ( redited Mr. Itowell with an attempt to annex Hawaii to (!anada. Hut the Minister was entirely innocent of any jiroject of that kind. The year dosed in Dominion (lolitics with a dis- ominion and the provinces arc jointly concerned. These, for the most part, have to do with the finances. One of the issues came before a IJoardof Arbitrators composed of Chancellor iioyd, for Ontario: Justice Casault, for (Quebec : and Justice lUirbidge. for the Dominion, on .\pril iS, at Ottawa, '["he iiuestion involved was the f)Utstandmg accounts between Ontario and (Quebec, ami the I'ederal authorities. At Confederation, the two provinces were authorized to divide certain of the assets of L'|)per Canaila between them ; but a difference of opinion anjsc touch- ing the proportion which belonged to each. This matier was referred to arbitration, and was settled in jiart. I'he undecided issues, which include the distribution of money held by Canada for these province^, the interest that should be allowed by the Dominion upon this sum, together with the claims of the lioiiimion upon the |)rovinces arising out of pay iiu Ills to Indians within these pro\inccs, remained tobedetermined,and thenew Hoard of Arbitration was appointed to adjudicate upon them. .\l the first sitting the point was .irgtied as to the interest the 1 )ominion ought to pay upon the funds it holds in trust. On the part of the Kediral authorities, simple interest alone was proposed : whereas the provinces contended for compound interest. The .irbitrators examined the case < loselv, and, on N'ovember 2, dec ided that simple interest was the proper thing. Some othet points were reported upon, as, for example, the proportion c)f the Library hiind that was to goto each province; but larger issues, involv- ing vast sums, and the claims of the prov- inces, with the counterclaims of the Domin- ion, were reserved for future consideration. While lUis matter was before the arbitrators, a claim for $650,000 from the I'rovince ol Nova Scotia was receiving the attcniion of theOovernment. Itapjiears that the province subsidized a railway known as thei Kastern I'ixtension to the tune of $650,000. .After the road was built Nova Scotia took it over, and subse'iuently sold it to the Federal H..N. W. H. Ives, t^'t'sident of the tWiiy Coitncit. authorities to become a branch of the Inter- colonial. 'I'he price agreed upon was the cost, less the amount of the subsidy. Nova Scotia maintains that the road, being a part of the Intercolonial, which is a Cjovernment ■ailway, ought to be entirely paid for by Canada, and for this reason it applied for the paymtnt to ii out of the Federal exchequer of the subsidy it had given. The adminis- tration at Ottawa decided in October that the 24 PROVINCIAL POLITICS -PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND ELECTION. bargain would have to be observed, as the railway was in o|)eration, and the })rovince was getting what it had i>aid for. Thus the appeal for $650,000 was set aside. Being in the East, it may be convenient at this time, seeing that provincial affairs are next in the order of consideration, to deal with local political matters tin •. There was an early session of the N^v'a Scotia House to ratify the coat mining contract made by the Oovernment, to wliich attention has already been directed. The contract gives to a wealthy syndicate rights in several mines at a royalty higher than that which was formerly paid. Oi)position was offered to the project, but it ultimately passed. In New Brunswick tlie Legislature met as a single House. There had long been agita- tion against the Legislative Council as useless and expensive. The Legislature abolished this body in the year before, and thus the .Assembly was able to meet without it. Abolition was a response to the general cry against over-government. .'\n edii>.a- tional difticully arose during the New Brunswick session. All the schools are, according to law, non-denominational ; but it was charged that in Hathurst, Gloucester (bounty, they weie being conducted by the Roman Catholic majority as religious schools. A petition signed by 10,000 |)eop!e was pre- sented to tlie Legislature, calling for enquiry. Some objection was taken to an investigation, but during the recess a Royal Commission was appointed and, enquiry proceeded. No report had been publisheclat the end of the year. In Prince Kdward Island, as well as in New Brunswick, the Upper House was successfully attacked, j'ornierly there was a Legislative Council elected on the basis of a property qualification, and a House of Assembly elected on the basis of manhood suffrage. Now there is but one chamber, consisting of fifteen t!ouncilmen elected on a reduct;d property (lualification ($348), and fifteen Assemblymen elected by manhood suffrage, all sitting together, with etju-il rights and powers. A general election took i)lace on the island on I)ecemi)er 14. There was A novtjl feature in the light. The two parties agreed that no money or other material consideration should be paid or given to any voter. Nor was there to be any hiring for special service on election day, except of livery horses. During the contest the Con- servative Opposition took exception to the double plan under which the representatives were elected, and charged that the con stituencies had been gerrymandered. A question was also raised as to the conduct of the land office, and the finances were attacked. The struggle was desperate, but Mr. J'eters, the Liberal Premier, secured twenty-four out of thirty seats, and thus had a majority of eighteen. In British Columbia there was a s]iicy session early in the year. The Clovernment proposed to undertake the construction of new Parliamentary and Departmental buiklings at Victoria. To this project some of the members from the main- land took exception, on the ground that it was the intention to "anchor " the capital at N'ictoria, although the [)opulalion was growing on the mainland, and the capital ought to Mk. \V. K. Mikkuiiii, Leaiitr 0/ ttw Ontario Of'f'Osition. be there. 'I'he petition was interwoven with a demand trom the mainland for larger repre- sentation, the granting of which, however, was postponed. In view of the .wstponcment, and of the determination to proceed with the new buildings, there came a cry for separation, X'ancouver Island to form o.ie province, and the mainland another, .\fter the prorogation of the Legislat'.ue political affairs became dull, and for the moment the agitation was forgotten. The Manitoba Legislature did not present any very serious issue : but the .Assembly of the Norttiwest, sitting in January, threw a disputed (juestion into the arena. The constitution (jf the Northwest calls for Separate schools, and such had been provided for. But the Assembly i)roceeded to legislate with regard to these institutions. Its ordinance brought them all under one inspectorate and one Board of (Jontrol. and re(]uired that they should have certificated teachers, and textbooks uniform with those used in the Public schools, and that religious AfFAIKS J\ QUEBEC. «5 instruction should be given only after hours. This was a wide de])arture from the original system. Mis Lordship Hislujp Clrandin peti- tioned the I'ederal authorities to deal with this ordinance, and, at the end of the year, the jjoint was still, so far as public report was concerned, undecided. The case resembles that known as the .Manitoba Schools case, in that it raises the question as to whether the Dominion Government can touch a local enactment dealing with the educatif)nal ques- tion. The Quebec Legislature sat during Noveni- l)er and December. A very long session was held. Necessarily, the financial question occupied a great (leal of attention. In order ti) balance the accounts, the Legislature, at the previous session, had laid taxes upon ail (■ngaged in business, and in the professions. These taxes so increased the rev nu as to make both ends meet. Pearly in the session appeals were received, calling for their abandonment : the ("lovernment, however, could not see its way clear to their removal. It therefore changed them somewhat, and promised that in time they would be first reduced, and then struck off altogether. A strong objection entered against them was based on the circumstance that they fell upon the cities and towns, and that the rural dis- tricts escaped scot free. The (lovernment, however, was not prepared to levy, as pro- posed, a rate upon all farming property. One of the principal sources of agitation in the House was a series of (lovcTiiment bills providing for the transfer of the lieau[)ort Lunatic Asylum to the .Sisters of Chanty. In (^)uebec the insane are farmed out. One of the asylums, that at Heauport, has been a private institution, the ("lOvernment paying to the owners$i3-' perannum foreverypatient. The contract ex|)ired early in the year, and, at once, ni'w arrangements were entered into. The Sisters sought, or were asked, to take the con tract and to buy the asylum. They agreed to maintain patients at $ioo i)er annum. Then came the (piestion of the |)urchase .of the building. The proprietors wanted $600,000, and the Sisters were willing to give $275,000. \ \aluation was made, and the valuers estimated the property as worth all the way from $311,00010 $700,000. After prolonged negotiations the sum of $425,000 was agreed upon, with the condition that it was to be paid at the rate of $18,000 annually for sixty years, thj province to take over the property and meet theinstalmcntsafterthe end of ten years, if the Sisters were not willing to |3roceed with the purchase. Opposition was offered to the transaction on two grounds. First, it was said that the province should abandon the farming-out system altogether, and attend to the insane directly itself. Then it was declared that the terms were exorbitant, and that they were really endorsed by the province, which in the end might have to pay. The contract passed the House, but one of the bills, that relating to the [irovincial guarantee for the purchase, was rejected in the I .egislative Council. It was thought that the Governinent would be in difficulties owing to its defeat in the Upper House ; but as the main feature of the bargain, namely, the let- ting of the contract for the care of the insane, toL. OltKlEN, .M.l'. was endorsed, it was stated that the other part of the arrangement did not matter nuich. While referring to the Legislature of (^'uebec, it may be opportune to point to the fact that religious troubles prevailed in the province during the greater i)art of the year. 'J'hese V eic the results of criticisms of what is known as the policy of the church. There had been in 1892 very free expres- sions of opinion relating to many points, as, for example, the relations of the priesthood to the people. One paper which took a leading part in the controversy was a weekly known as The Canada Revue. This journal, with The Echo, of Two Mountains, was [)laced under the ban by His Grace Arch- bishop l"'abre. His Grace forbade the faithful to read the paper, to print it, buy it, or write for it. The proprietor claimed that he had been injured by this action on the part of the .A.rchbishop, and entered suit for damages. Shortly afterwards a jubilee of Mgr. Labre's consecration was held, and at 26 QUE/iEC QUESTIONS— ONTARIO ISSUES. tliis celcbr.ition tlie lawsuit w;is coiulemned l)y leading nn'ii. More recently, on Sep- tember J5, His (Irare suhniilted to examina- tion, in which he maintained that he had the right to warn his flock against pa[)ers that it would he to tlieir disadvantage to read. The suit was in charge of Mr. Riidol|)he i.aflamme, (^).C. The situation was strained once more towards die end of the year, when it was reported that Mr. I'apineau, the son (if the principal figure in tl.e event of 1837, had determined to withdraw from the Roman Catholic Church and join the Presbyterians. Mr. Papineau livedat Monte Hello, on the Ottawa River, and in the Diocese of Ottawa, which is presitled over by His C-race .\rchbishop Duhamel. .\t his village there was a church which the ecclesiastical authorities had condemned in order that a new edifice might be erected in its place. Mr. l'a|)ineau opposed the build ing of a new church, his o[)inion being that the old one was satisfactory, and that the Ijeople could not afford to pay the tax the enterprise would involve. But, aside from that, he declared that his children were Presbyterian, and that he would join them. The withdrawal created much excitement, and led to a heated discussion of fabricjue assessments, and of the duties of the people in '•espect of the propositions of the clergy. Turning to affairs political in Ontario, it is found that I'ebruary brought with it a local contest in 'I'oronto. Mr. Bigelow {Liberal), who had carried the city the summer before, had died, and a new election was necessary. The candiiiates were Dr. (j. S. R)ers()n (Conservative) and Dr. Ogden (Liberal). X'oting took ])lace on the 29th of the month. The result was a victory for Dr. Ryerson, thb figures being: Ryerson, 9,()()j ; Ogden, 7,039 ; majority for Ryerson, 623. The session, however, did not open until .\pril 20. Pomp and circumstance attended the proceedings, for the legislators were meeting for the first time in their new building, and Ontario was commencing hei second century of parliamentary government. 'I'he bi ilding had been in course oi con- struction since 1886, and it had cost $1,250,000. Of the measures introduced b) the Ciovernment, the most novel was the bill for the prevention of cruelty to children, and for their better protection. Hereafter the Children's Aid Societies will be recog nized by the State, and their operations will be directed by a paid provincial official. Parents who neglect or ill-treat their offspring may be deprived of them, but will be re- (juired to pay for their <:are by some officially- recognized society or other suitable guardian. To kee())()ung persons otT the streets at night, municipalities are nnpowered to ring a bell at a suitable hour, at sound of whicli all children unaccompanied by [larents or guardians must seek their homes. This measure is known as the (Children's ("barter. \ very noticeable feature of the session was the pro- nounced opposition exhibiteii towards ev(;ry- thing that had the appearance of a monopoly or a close corporation 'i'his caused several of the bills introduced by i)rivate mcmbeis to be defeated or withdrawn. The request of the milkmen that they be taxed up to twenty dollars was not entertained, because it was susfK'cted that it was prompted by a desire on the part of the larger dealers to monopoli/e the business. The emhalmers likewise were unsuccessful in their eniieavors to give their calling the legislative status of a profession. On the suggestion of the Premier, the architects withdrew their re- quest for more exclusive powers. The proi)o:>al of the druggists to confine the patent medicine business to registered pharmacists was abandoned in the face of the rising tide of opposition. .'\ measure to prescribe professional examinations for railway engineers, conductors, and brakes- men, was vetoed by the Cioveniment. Dr. Rvbkson, M.P.H. Altogether, the session was more satisfactory to the opponents than to the advocates ofdose corporations. Considerable public interest was taken in three of the debates of the NEir IXJ-J.UENCES IS OM'ARIO. 37 session. TIk- discussion of Mr. Marter's l>iil to prol-ibit tlie retail sale of intoxicants caust'd tin- galleries to he overtaxed on several occasions. The defeat of the measure on a party division was arcoin[)anieil by a I)roniise on the part of the Ciovernnient that I)'.\l.lON .Ml( AKillV, M.P. the question of i)rohihition would he su!) niitted to a popular vote. 'I'his pledge was redeemed. A plehiscite cm the manufacture, importation, and s.ile of liquors was orderetl, and was taken at the succeeding municipal elections, with the result that pruhihition was carried. The advocates of female suffrage were exceedingly active. The (lovernment, however, took a stand against the claims of the fair sex. Sir Oliver Mowal objected to them because he believed the i-oiintrv is not ripe lor the leform asked, and his colleagues opptjsed them strictly on Scriptural grounds 'I'he system of minority representation in 'Toronto came in for the usual condemnation from the Conservative side of the Ifouse, which was concurreil in bvthe .Ministerialists. 'l"he (iovernment committed itself to the abolition of the minority priiiciiile, aiUl promised the city another representative, 'riiroughout, the session was fruitful of legis lation, and it terminated on .May .27, from which date, until death created two vacancies in the House, little was heard of local [lolitics. During November preparations were made for the refilling of the seats in the Legisla- ture for Kast l.ambton and North ihuce, which had become vacant under the de- plorable circumstances alreadv referred to. While the arrangements were in jirogress, it was di.scovered by the existing p.irties that two new organi/aiions liad taken the held. One of these was the farmers' association, the Matrons of Industry, and the other an organi/.aiion the name of which explains its policy— the Protestant l'rotecti\e Associa- tion. I'he Patrons had a programme cover ing both Dominion and Local subjects. In the Dominion arena, tluy calkd for lower tariff; in the jirovincial arena, they demanded a change in the mode of appointing sheriffs and registrars, some of tliem even calling for the election of these officials by popular vote, and the abolition of the system of ohicial remuneration b\ fees. The Protestant Protective .Association, or P. P..\., was a secret society opposed to legislation unduly favorable to Roman (Catholics. It was reported of it that its members were sworn to turn Roman (Catholics out of otiice, and tven to refuse them private employment. 'I'he general opinion was that the two associations were strong, and that if they grew, as they promised to do, they would be (Jisturbing factors, thwarting the calcula- tions of the existing parties. The elections in Lambton and Hruce furnished them an opportunity to show their strength, and they took advantage of it. In North Hruce the Patrons came forward with acandidate, Mr. McN'aughton. This gentle- man was opposed by a Liberal and a Hon. I.IEI; ri:NAN7 •( iiiVI-KM'K KtUKI\IKUK. Conservati\e. In Last I.ambtor uu u ran in opposition to the Ministeria. ihm nee (no Conservative candidate haviiijj Oeen chosen) Mr. McCalhim, who hail the P. P..\. support. The two constituencies had been formerly held by friends of the (lovernment. 38 TIIO DISQUIETIXG ELECTIONS. Both, OH the eventful December 3, were carried by the candidates of the new associa- tions. In ICast I.ambton Mr. McCallum succeedcil )>> a majority of 406, and in North Ikuct; .Mr. McNaughton won by over 500. The result was startling, and at once the organizations, with their respective pro- grammes, were brfnight into jirominence, and were eagerly canvassed. 'I"hey were talked of the more earnestly for the reasor> that iSg4 was to see a general election, and everybody was disjiosed to speculate touch- ing the influence they would have upon the fortunes of the (lovernment. While the interesting discussion was in progress, the old year was rung out and a new era dawned upon u.s, the history of which is yet a secret. With the close of 189,^ this chapter ends. IXIOKWAV, TOKON 10 UNIVEKSITV. TT^ A NEW (iOVKRx\()R(;KNKR.\I,. THt EAKI, OK AHKRDEEN SL'CCKEIJS I.OHD STANLEY Al KIKKAl HAI.I.. 1 1 1', position ol' (linerror- (Iciieral ol the I )omiii ion was assumed liy 1 .onlStanley oi I'restoii five years ago last Oc- lolier, and diirinn liis tenure of that higli olVue he earned the l;( od opmion and the esteem of those with whom he was hrouj;ht in contact, both as a genial English gentle- man and as the representative in the Do minion of Her Majesty the (^)ueen. His brotlier, the late Earl of Derby, dying on April 2 1, Lord Stanley succeeded to his titles and estates, and relumed to I'-ngland ; and the Earl of Aberdeen, a personal friend of Mr. Gladstone's, and durmg a few nujiuhs of i886 Lordl.ieutenant of Ireland, was ap- j)ointed (lovernor (leneral of ( !anada. Lord and Lady Aberdeen were al ("hicago for the opening of the gieat American International JCxhibition, but recrossed the Atlantic in time for the Earl to take part in the House of Lords debate on the Irisii Home Rule J'>ill, after which iie came direct from home to the seat of his X'ice-Regal dignityat Ottawa. This nobleman, the Right Hon. Sir John Cam[jl)ell Hamilton (lordon, seventh Earl of Aberdeen in the Scottish Peerage and Viscount (lordon in that of the L'nited Kmgdom, is forty-six years of age, and is brother to the late Earl (leorge, whose romantic life — choosing to work as a com- mon sailor on board merchant vessels in remote .seas, instead of enjoying the rank and honors that he inherited at his father's death in 18O4 — ended by accidental drown- ing in Januar), 1870. Their grandfather, the fourth Earl of Aberdeen, and Prime Minister in 1853, was an eminent statesman, long associated with Sir Robert Peel. The present I'.arl is married to a daughter of Dudley (loutts Marjoribanks, Lord I'weed- nioutli; both husband and wife are esieeined in Scotland, in Ireland, and in London, as liberal patrons and diligent personal pro- moters of various iMjiieficent works. The Earl's education l)egaii al St. .\ndrews, and he afterwards e /ered University College, t)\ford, where he graduateil with honors in 1871, having the [)revious year succeeded to the title through the death of his brother. He look his seat in the House of Lords as a Conservative, and supported the polic\ of Lord Heaconsfield until 1S78, when, with Lord Derby and Lord (.,'atrnarvon, he look exception to ihe < ourse atlopted by the ( lov ernment in c(jnnei:ti(jn with the differences between Russia and Turkey, and seceded from the ranks of the ("onservalive party. As chairman of the Royal Commission on Railway .\ccideiits, he dis|)layed great ability and untiring zeal in fulfilling the onerous and monotonous duties imposed iil)on him, and rendered most efficient service while member of the Committee of the Lords on lnlemi>erance. In 1880 he was fully recognized as a member ol the Liberal party, and in the same year he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of .Aberdeen shire. The next and the four su!)se(|uenl years found him in I'-dinburgh as Lord High Commissioner, presiding over the delibera- tions of the Cieneral Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and gaining the good opinion of all by his courtesy and gemalily. Hut he was brought most prominently into notice in 1886, when he received the appointment of Lord- Lieutenant of Irelaiul, with the mission of carrying out Mr. (iladstone's Home Rule policy. Although his tenure of office lasted l)ut a few months he ccjinplelely won the hearts of the Irish, and overcame their pre- judices against him as the representatixe of the I'-nglish Government. At his departure the regret was intense and universal. .Ml classes of society turned out on the occasion of his leave-taking, and it is said that Dublin never witnessed such a scene since the days of Dan O'Connell. Since the fall of Mr. ("iladstone's Adminis- tration in i88f), Lord .\berdeeii has been out of office, but his time has been fully occupied in attending to the work of liie iuimert)iis religious and [ihilanthro|)ic societies with which he is connected. He has paid close attention to the labor problem, and has con tributed large sums to the various schemes devisetl for the amelioration of the condition of the poor. In him the working classes 3° THE XF.W COVER XOR-GENERAL WD IfJS WIFE. have a zealous su|)|i()rter, a fearless advocate, and a staiincli and faithful friend. The mental gifts of Lady Aberdeen when a girl aitrarted the attention of lier instructor, Professor Meiklejohn, of St. Andrews L'ni- versity, who preilicted for her a great future — a prediction that has been amply realized. With great facility she aniuired ancient and modern languages, and in pliilosophy and literature, contemporaneous and classical, slie is dee|)ly read. I'or many years she has been a voluminous contributor to Uritish and American magazines, and the articles she has published on so- cial subjects, concern- ing which she is regard- ed as an authority, have won for her ccjnsider- able notice. While ably seconding her husband in philanthropic endea- vor, Lady Aberdeen has signalized herself by the deep interest she has taken in the cause of factory girls. By her influence and her pen, she has en deavored to evoke pub- lic sympathy for their hardships and suffer ings. .-Vn eloquent speaker, her voice has often been heard jjlead- ing in behalf of the working women of I'jig land, who have good reason to l)e grateful to her for many of the privileges they enjoy. She is president of a woman's labor associ- ation in Gla.sgow, and, like the Earl, is a member of many phil- anthropic institutions. stay in Dublin, she did everything in her power to improve the condition of the Irish people. Her own means she devoted to relieve the prevailing destitution, and she gave an impetus to Irish manufactures that is felt even now. Lady AbiTdeen's special efforts to provide industrial teaching and usefid home employment for the wives and daughters of Irish peasantry have gained nuich success. At C^hicago, on May i. Lord and Lady Aberdeen were in charge of their model Irish village in the Exhibition, 'i'hey had a pleasant interview with I'resident I MK EAKr. UK .AkEKIiEK 1 )uring her brief (Cleveland, to whom they presented six pretty Irish girls, witii gifts of shamrock, Irish lace, a shillelagh, and specimens of marble. 'Ihe l-arl and ( "ountess sailed from ICng- land in the steamship " Sardinian," arriving at (^)uebec on September 17, when they took up their tem))orary home at the citadel, in the morning attending divine service at the English cathedral. liie >iaff of the new (iovernor-(!eneral consLAs of the toUowing : — Secretary to the Gov- iriior - General — Mr. .\rthiir J. (lordon, (',.\I.(i. Mr. (lordon iiegan hi.i colonial ex- perience as one of the staff of Sir Arthur (ior- don, now Lord Stan- more, when ("lovernor of New Itriinswick. .Mr. (lordon went sui)se- iiuently with Sir Arthur to I'iji as Private Sec- retary, and later on, in the same capacity, to New Zealand and ( 'ey- lon. Mr. (iordon is distantly related to the Earl of Al)erdeen, and Mrs. (lordon is a cousin of His 1'accI- lencv. Aides-de-Camp — Cap- tnin l'i"(]uhart, of the ( 'anu-ron Highlanders. (,'a[)tain Ur()uhart is the eldest son of .Mr. Urijuhart, of .Meldrum, .\herdeenshi re. He uTved through the last l\<;ypiian cam paign. Captain Kindersley, of the Coldstream (luards. Extra Aide-deCanip and Assistant Sea-e- tary — Mr. David I">skine, the eldest son of Mr. Erskine, of Lintrathen, I'orfarshire. Mr. R. M. I'ergu.son. brother of Mr. Ronald Eerguson, of Nevar, joined the Earl of .Aberdeen at (,)uebec as extra .\.1).('. The ceremony of installation took i)lace on the morning of Scjitember 18 in the Red ("hamber of the Legislative Council, the escort from the citadel being furnished bv the (^).().(!. Hussars, under the command of Captain Baldwin, ami the (luard of Honor by the Royal Canadian Artillery, under the command of Lieut. -Colonel Wilson. Lord ./ SPEECH nV /.OKI) ABERDEEN. 3' tlie iers. is Mr. rum, Me last it^n. lev, L-ain iCiVC- )n of hire, nald of lace Kcd tlie l.v dof jtior the ,ord .'\herdeon, accompanied hy his (^unless and ihrce children, and attended liy a large suite, entered the Council ('haniher shortly after 11.30 a.m. The proceedings were commenced Ijy the reading by C!a|>tain (lor- don, secretary of the Karl, of Her Majesty's commission to the Karl of .Aberdeen, a[)- pointing him CiovernorCleneral of Canada, and 'revoking the conuiiission previously issued to Kord Stanley. The oath of otilice was admini-stered by Sir Henry Strong, Chief justice of the Supreme Court, surrounded by the Cal'inet Ministeis in their Windsor imiforms, including Sir C. H. Tupper and Mr. Haggart, and, in fact, the wh(.)lc ('abiiiet with the exception of Messrs. H(jwell, Daly, and Ives, and Mr. I'ost.er, who was prevented liy illness from beiii?.; present. (Cardinal Taschercau and Monsignor Manjis were near the throne. Immediately after the installa- tion was complete, a royal salute was tiretl from the citadel. After His I",xcellency had received the congratulations of his Ministers, the Ma\or advanced and presented the ad(hess of the Council and citizens. Lord Aberdeen replied as follows: "Mr. Mayor and gentlemen. To your loyal manifestation of respect and regard towards the representative of Her Most Ciracioiis Majesty the (^)ueen, and to the cordial welcome and greeting extended to myself on my first arrival in tlial official capacity, 1 have listened with feelings of profounii pleasure and satisfaction, and thisgratilication is etihanced by your dignified and kindly assurance, and by the surroundings so happy and so auspicious. It is surely appro[)riate that the first greetings of Her Nlajesty's Canadian subjects to a new ( Icjvernor- Ceneral, and the first utterand' by the occupant of that position, should be upon this historic ground and amidst the insi>iring traditions of this ancient and bcaulifiil city. And your demonstration takes place in wn eminently o[)poriune manner immediatclv :ifter I have been duly enrolled and installed in the distinguished office to which I have l)een appointed. It is indeed an office of high honor, as well as of grave and serious responsibility. But,' gentlemen, does the honor and dignity of the position exclude the holder of it from the common lot, the < ommon heritage of service ? Nay, it implies, it in ides, it conveys, this jirivilege, this grand p' -iple and purpcjse of life. If, and becauv. , your Ciovernor-Ceneral is m the service of the Crown, he is therefore also, in a literal and absolute sense, in the service of Canada. In other words, aloof though he be from actual executive respon- sibilities, his attitude must lie that of rcase- less and watchful readiness to take part by whatever ()p[)ortunilies may be afforded to him in the fostering of every influence that will sweeten and elevate public life : to observe, study, and join in making known the resources and development of the country ; to vindicate, if re(|uired, the rights of the people and the ordinances of the constitution ; and. lastly, to promote by all means in his power, without reference 10 class or creed, every movement, and every inslituticjn, calculated to forward the social, moral, and religious welfare of all the inhabitants of the Dominion. Such, gentle- men, I assure you. is the aim and purpose which, in dependence on the one ever- effectual source of help and strength, we desire to pursue. I say ' we,' for by your kindly and appreciative allusion to Kady .Aberdeen you have shown that you under- stand why 1 contemplate these duties only in conjunction with my wife. Let me thank you, on her behalf and my own, for your cordial recognition of her endeavors in the past, and you may be very .sure that the con- fidence and good will which have pervaded your utterances to-day cannot fail to be a stimuli. s and an incentive in the i)erformance of whatever work may be before us." On September 26 Kord and Lady .Aber- deen formally opened the Canada Central Kair at Ottawa, when they were given a right royal reception, an address being presented by .Mayor Durocher, to which His Kxcel- lency replied in happy terms. On Sept. 27 the (lovernor-Ceneral and Kady .Aberdeen held a public reception at the City Hall, Montreal ; and in the evening Kord .Aber- deen WMS the guest of honor at the Board of Trade banquet at the Windsor Hotel, 'i'heir Excellencies met with an enthusiastic recep- tion wherever they appeai xl. The Board of Trade banquet was altenced by nearly three hundred members of the board. Mr. W. W. Ogilvie, president of the board, occu,)ied the chair, having on his right Kord .Aberdeen, and on his left .Sir .Adc)l|)he Caron, represent ing the Dominion Covernnient. Amongst the distinguished guests at the table of honor were Kieiitenant-( jovernor Chapleau, (]!hief Justice Sir .Alexander Kacoste, Mr. T. M. Daly, Minister of the Interior, and .Solicitor- Cicneral Curran, representing the Dominion Ciovernment ; Premier Taillon, representing the (^)iiebec Ciovernment: Mayor Desjardins, Sir William Dawson, Mr. T. M. U'right, president of the Chicago Board of Trade; and others. .After dinner 1 ad been partaken of, Kady AberiJeen and tie ladies entered the dining hall. Her Kxcelk ncy's appearance ^wnr^m^^^m The Countess oi- Ahekdfen. co.vc/A'.rrc'i.'iT/o.ys, addn/':ss/:s, .lwd receptions. 33 was the signal for great ai)|>Iause. 'l"ho toast of "The (Jiitx-n'' having been honored, the chairman proposed " I lie (lovernor- deneral," which was received with great cheering. The (iDvernor-deneral, in re- sponduig to the toast, sa'.l : " \\ ith sincere heartiness, 1 thank ym. lor the tourteous and genial terms in which this toast has been proposed, and for the extremely cordial marnier in which it has been rect'ived. I'Or the personal and indulgent allii.^ions of the chairman 1 am graleful, but not the less do I recogni/e that the reception of this toast must be regarded as due to the respect and good will which Vou, as loyal Canadians, e\ tend towards the occupant of the high and honorable position which I have been C'lled upon to fill, dentlemen, when thus ether directly or tiirough her a|)pointed representa- tives we show honor to the Sovereign, we do honor to ourselves. They are much mis- taken who seem to regard loyalty as a mere sentimental tradition or a relic of bygone times. (Applause.) Loyalty, at least as it exists in Canada, is rational in character as well as warm in expression, because it is founded on principle as well as on feelings. Ours is a constitutional monarchy. \Vt.- admire and revere the illustrious and gracious occupant of the throne in respect of personal ([ualities as well as exalted position, while at the same time we recogni/.e in the .Sovereign an embodiment of the constitution, and, therefore, of the sacred guardianship of the rights and privileges of the whole people. And so the monartihy and our loyalty to the ("rown are entirely consistent with the recog niiion, the maintenance, and tlie develop- ment of popular and demo'-ratic principles and privileges ; and if any ill-informed peojile are incredulous on this point, let them visit Canada, for there they will find side by side, and mingled with a prevalent and outspoken loyalty to the throne and the Uritish connection, a free and independent spirit, and a democratic element not sur[)assed, I am (|uite sure, at least on this coiitineiit. Gentlemen, may this happy and ausjiicious combination long continue and flourish. Again I thank you." (Cheers.) On the following day their I'"xcellencies were thi. recipients of cordial welctjmes and congratulations from the various national societies of the city of Montreal, including St. Patrick's Society and St. Andrew's Society, and also of a civic address. On October 25 they received a brilliant welcome from the jieople of Toronto, l-ord and Lady .\berdeen were the guests of Lieutenant-Ciovernor and Mrs. Kirkijatrick at Covernment House. In the morning they visited Upper (Canada College, and in the afternoon were received by a crowded audience at the Horticultural Pavilion. The day was a peifect one for the ceremony, and the gardens to which the crowds bent their way looked, 'lespitethe (luickly falling leaves, very charming. 'I'o the tints of autumn were added the colors of a small, but effective, military display, and tlie lively spectacle of the iiKJving crowd ; while within the Pavilion were hosts of citizens and a large contingent (jf ladies, not to mention uniforms, clanking scabbards, gilt swords, illuminated adilresses, and the sweet music of the Highlanders' Hand. The •■ CANADIAN IkADK AND (X)VIMI:RCK. SOMl SAI.lKNl HilNI'^IN illl M KkCAN 1 ll.l KKCUKll OK .il>|. HI'; yiar i.Si;^(an- iiot l)c Mi)okeii ol a.-) lutsiiiK a lirilliaiu coiii- iiicrcial record ; hut, 111 \ii'w f)t' tlie (It |)rtsMii)ii l>ievailm,n all n\LT the woiki, Canadians laii ix-adiK find ma terials for tliankfuliifss in the review of its various dei)artiiu'iUs of trade. ( 'rops were scarcely up to a moderate .iverage, and a geneiai hjwiiess of prices f.liaracteri.'.ed nearly all markets ; hut throughout Canada business was but littleaffected l)y the severe depression which existed in liu' rniled States duriiii; the year. 'I'he destructr '• inliuences that woiked havoc among the financial institutions of the great Republic to the south of us did not reach within our borders ; and while old financial firms and trusted banks were there going to the wall, with us lujt a single bank iiig house of any importance had to close its doors. Payments were maintained with tolerable regularity, and, though there were occasional pinches, there was no widespread <;alamity. N 1.SS3 i,J7i) i5,S72,ocjo |S8.} i>.i()^i i' ; woollen fahrics, ^,I4,7()0; worsted lahrit ■;, ^, i 2,i>i)8; carpets, ^£,7.1 ; and hardware anil cutlery, ^-3'.'»59i ^i" j'!'*-* piece j^oods were respon sible for ai\ increase of X,^0°9i •>"'' "i"' ^,"1,326. 'I'he iron trade lias ilonc fairly well. In pin iron there was an increase of ^'657; in hars, /,48i; ; in railroad, j£(),4(y^; in galvanized shetas, Xi°9' '" "" i'liiti-s, ;^3,7io; in lead, /,24s ; and in unwrought tin, ^4,100. There was, however, a redue tion III' Xf)05 in hoops and sheets. ^,'1,000 in cast and wrought iron, Xi>'AU '•' "''^ 'r'*"i and/,"i,()5i m steel. The year's shipments of railroad iron was Xso.l/'S^'- o"" /.'.^•'o'^' more than in iS(;2. ( ,'ommn to miscellaneous articles, earthen and chinaware, atKJ sta tionery other than paper, showed increases for the month ; hut exports of apparel and slops, haberdashery, alkali, cement, oil, writing and other i)aper, were on a reduced scale. Turning to the other side of the account — namely, to the imjiorts from Canada to the United Kingdom— the total for the past month was /,".S78,7S'. against £sSf-(^72. showing an increase of X27.07g, equal to 4.91 per cent.; while, for the year, the aggre- gate reached ^,"10,164,317, compared with j£i 1,616,075 in 1892, showing a decrease of ;^i,45 1,758, or I 2.41) [)er cent. Of oxen and luills, ^^2,690 in value came to hand last month, or ^3,269 less than in December. 1892 ; while no cows 01 calves were received, the value of which, in the corresponding period, was ;^35i. -Sheep and lambs to the amount of ^^375 came to hand, no imports being recorded in the corresponding [leriod. Wheat showed a falling off of ^ 5 ' .4 ' ' . mak- ing for the year a reduction of ^.420,0X3, and in flour there was a decrease for the month of ^16,159, and for the year of ^193,769. Hacon was res|)onsilile for an increase last month of X6.7-S1 but in hams there was a decrease of ^^7,701. In butter tht --e was a falling off of ^13,81 7, the arrivals last month amounting to only ^^,^,2^0. Nor was the cheese trade as active as in December, 1892, there beingareduction in importsof ;^33,723, but for the year the total exceeded that of 1892 l)y /;82,268. Of eggs, /,"2,543 more in value was received last month, and in fish there was an increase of ^"5, 192. Copper ore \7) /U/'OA'TS. 37 was responsible for an increase of X i5- ' ^"' lumber trade was more brisk, imports of hewn timber showing an iiuTease of ^,6,621, and those of sawn wood an increase ot /.i.WiO.iy .\<» gold was exported from the United K.mgdom to Canada during the past month, the total for theyear remaining at Xi°°>°°°' There were no exports in 1892. Tlie sum of ^,185 was received from the Dominion to December 31, 181)3, none, howiver, in that tiionth; while, during 1892, ^t''^' 'ame to hand. Of silver, none was ship()ed last month, the total for the year thus being ^,24,182. In Df-cember, 1892, there were no exports to Canada, the total for the year being ^,47.761. .Sjlverto the value ol /,74o was received from (Canada during the past year, all in Se|)tember ; and, during 1892, ^1,332 came to hand ; none, however, in December. 'The tonnage of vessels entereI(;Kinley bill almost closed the States to •Canadian merchandise, proved successful. The value also shows an increase, but :u)t so large a one as the exports, owing to the reduced rate of duty on sugar and some other articles. The amount of Customs duty collected, although a little larger than last year, is much smaller than during the previous six years, or the average of the past twelve. While the abnormally low price of wheat has made that cereal uniemunerative to farmers, dairy produce has commanded 38 EXPORT OF HA Y TO EUROPE. good j)ri(;es throughout the year. The success of (Canadian cheese at the World's I'air, wlierc it came out first in almost every competition, was very gratifying, and it is certain tliat the exhibit of the natural products of Canada at that Exposition enlightened an enormous number of visitors thereto as to the climate and possibilities of this Dominion. The export of liay from the port of Montreal to (Ireat Britain has been quite an important business during the past year, and that trade seems likely to perman- ently retain fair proportions. There is encour- agement, too, in the circum.stance that the export of deals from this jrort is largely increasing. ''';ie export cattle trade has con- tinued to be unfavorabl} aflfected by the Atlantic. This report was faithfully cir- culated by the newspapers, and caused a stampede (so to speak) among men who knew 'little of the hay trade, which soon extended to the farming community through- out the United States and Canada, causing a scale of prices to be estaL'ished based onthe panic prices of Eurojie. The extent of the hay producing area of the United States and Canada not having been accurately measured or fully understood by those entering this new field of speculation, so suddenly brought into prominence by the reported disaster in Europe, caused surprise in the volume of goods tiiat came forward, not only from the States and Canada, but also from Australia, the Argentine, and other countries, which Main Knthance Parliament Building, Toronto. charges of disease among the animals, and tlic continuance of the British schedule against Canadian and United States cattle renders any improvement unlikely. Turning once more to the exports of hay, it may be remarked that, although many shipments* were made, the year must be regarded as somewhat experimental and peculiar. It certainly had its disappoint- ments for those in the trade whose hopes, based on the failure of the home crop, wen." too elevated. The year began witii good prices and conditions, tiie outlook for a satisfactory year was favorable, which con ditions continued till June, when the report came from Europe to the effect that large (]uantities of hay would be needed to feed the drought stricken districts across the quickly satisfied the needs of Europe, causing a lireak in prices below those ordinarily obtained in jears of good crops. While this break occurred in Europe (from which the markets have not fully recovered), panic prices are still prevailing on this side among the farmers, which has, instead of making the year 1893 a favorable one to the dealers, as it promised at its beginning, made it one in which this vast product has Ijcen handled with little or no profit and constant uncertainty, and has opened uj) new territory that probably wu'ild not have been developed as hay-producing for market, but which will no doubt continue to a cer-^ tain extent to put goods upon tlie markets in the future. This, together with the curtail- ment of demand in all our i ities, owing to I wf VHHUPa^W THE PKODUCTS OF THE NORTHWEST 39 electricity superseding liorse-i)ower on our street railw^iys, does not give tiie tiade of i8y4 a \ery ijrilliant outlook, so far as high prices are concerned. Tiie prices going off so rapidly in I'",urope proves that whatever may occur over there can only be temporary, and that we must depend chiefly upon our markets on this side of the water for our trade in this commodity. So important a factor in the production of hreadstuffs is our Canadian Northwest becom- ing that reference to a few salient points with respect to it is not out of place in any notice of tlu." trade and commerce of the year. Canada is, above all things, a food- producing country, and on its capacity in this direction its prosperity largely depends. 'I'he distant western points. 'I'lie day must come when agitation in the western territories will force the consideration of railway charges to the front, and the {"'.xchange might have mooted the question in favor of remote points. The relative cost of transporting a bushel of wheat to the eas'.ern seaboard is one of greater moment to the Northwest than tariff reductions on coal oil, binding twine, barbed wire and implements, all put together. As the hub of the Northwest, we should ex[)ect to see Winnipeg, through its Jioard of Trade, initiating the ([uestion, and by joint action of the territories bring the relative freight rates in other parts into solid argument ft)r more liberp.l charges for the west. Other features of the address are interest- Doorway of Vjctokia Cni.i.KGK, Toronio. annual address of .Mr. .\. Atkinson, the pnsident of the Winnipeg Crain Kxchange, contains many items of interest bearing on this point. The Exchange has been doing a useful work in bringing about a reduction of expenses in handling grain at terminal points, for, be these higher or lower, the dealers' price is governed accordingly. Mr. Atkinson, speaking on this point, claims for Manitoba that it is now in a position to get the benefits of a first-class business system, and to receive the highest possible value for grain at initial shipping points. Nothing that the board has undertaken reflects greater credit on it. It is, however, a markeil omission '•■ such an address that no voice is heard as to the heavy cost of the transport of grain from more ing, as showing the development of the Province of Manitoba. Thus the area under wheat increased about 15 percent, for 1X93 over tliat of 1892. As to the average yield of the province of 15 J/2 bushels to tlie acre, we are agreeably surprised, and it is to be hoped, and, perhaps, anticipated, with some degree of confidence, that for the stocks in hand, available for market, the farmer may realize a largely increased price. On the question of quality, 1893 claims to make a good showing — No. i hard, ^^3 percent.; No. 2 and relatives, 30 per cent.; No. 3 and rela'i'' ;, 6 percent.; leaving but 1 1 percent, of lo» .r grades. The great fe;iture in this result is the old-fashioned treatment of the seed sown by bluestone enforced on the vj> 40 BARLEY, PORK, LUMBER. .attention of farmers throtigh tlic niecliuni of the drain Exchange. Anotlier admirable feature which Mr. Atkinson mentions is arbitration by a committee on questions of dispute within the trade. It is unfortunate that the actual exports of .Manitoba wheat are not distinctly shown in the Trade and Navi gation returns of Canada. Most of the exports are accumulated at Fort William, in the Province of Ontario, where the ex[)ort entries are made ; so that Ontario gets credit for exporting the grain gnjwn m Manitoba and the Territories. As an instance of how this works out, it may be said that for the year ending 30th June, 1893, the wheat exports of Manitoba are given as 401,000 bushels, though })robably f), 000,000 actually went to luirope. Canadian barley has not made a phenome- nal showing during the past year as to quan- tity, but the cjuality of this cereal has remained unimpaired, as the following extract from an American newsjiaper adequately shows. Referring to Canadian barley, The Buffalo Commercial (Republi- can) says : " The barley raised in a small district in the Province of Ontario is distinctly better than any other, and the reason may be found in the peculiar soil found in that region, probably in the underlying limestone. The proof of the superiority of the barley may be found in the testimony of the maltsters and brewers of this State, and also in the decisive fact that Canadian barley fetches in the American market 10 to 15 cents a bushel more than its American rival. Facts are facts, and there is no sense in blinking them." The provision trade of the year was made somewhat eventful bv the extraordinary fluctuations that occurred in the prices of pork. The values of this commodity began to rise early in the year, the causes for the same being variously stated ; but the initial source of the disturbance seems to have been that the cotton-growers of Missouri and tiie Mississippi valley found it more to their interest to grow cotton than pork, and had consequently neglected to provide for this portion of their food supply. This caused a demand at Chicago, trie centre for this meat, and a large amount of speculation was indulged in. From about $12 [)er barrel, the price gradually rose until no less a (igure than $21 was reached. The arti- ficial inflation was, however, only maintained for a short time, though its history comprised the downfall of more than one ambitious speculator who had hoped to make his pile out of the exigencies of buyers. In June and the early part of July the excitation was at its height, and liom this time prices gradually declined to a normal standard. The experience was, perhaps, valuable, as showing the lield C'pen to the Canadian farmer in this particular line. Hogs can be grown in Canada to advantage, and experi- ence shows that there is a large markii for the best breeds. In his annual review of tht- lumber trade of the .Maritime L'rovinces, Mr. J. \\. Snow- ball says that the winter of 1892 93 proved the most favorable for log-getting for many years, and, consequently, that a much larger out[)iit was secured for the force employed than was anticipated. Spring freshets were l)oor, and driving expensive. About ten million superficial feet of logs were left in the brooks. Notwithstanding the favorable season, the exports from Chatham, X.I>., fell off twelvemillion superficial feet from last year. .\nd while the exports from St. John were ten millions more than in 1892, still the exports from the province show a decrease of thirteen millions. The increased export from Nova Scotia is caused by the excessive (juantity of birch deals shipfied from that province. The i)resent winter Mr. Snowball considers to be the most severe experienced in the Maritime l'rovinces for the past twenty years, the snow being deeper there already than at any time during last year Opera- tions, too, were only entered into on a limited scale, and with an anticipated pro- duction of 25 per cent, less than last year. But this severe weather is likely to reduce the production below this estimate, and next year's ex[)ort must be small. The total shipments from Nevy Hrunswick in 1893 com|)rised 312,343,485 superficial feet of deals and 5,731 tons of timber, which shows a decrease of 12,906,325 superficial feet of deals, and 5,570 tons of timber, from the totals of the preceding year, i'rom Nova Scotia the shipments were 109,252,930 superficial feet of deals and 5,606 tons of birch timber. Unlike New Hrunswick, Nova Scotia's exports of lumber during 1893 show an increase of 21,391,532 feet over those of the preceding year. A special correspondent of The St. John Telei:;raph, who writes over the signature "L, " gives in a recent issue a comprehensive and interesting account of the business of \ armouth for the year 1893. The year, he says, has been a pros|)erous one for the town, and this largely by reason of the railway and steamer communications lately secured by this " metropolis of Western Nova Scotia." The value of N'armouth's exports for the I COMMERCIAL HIS! year was close upon a million dollars ($952,418), and is made up as follows : Fish anil fish proilucls $600,000 Field prodiiLts anil shipping 227,318 Forest products 1 13.000 Manufactures 12,100 Total $952,418 The manufactures consisted of cotton duck, sail canvas, and woollens. The value of imports for the year was $656,000, which is some $160,000 more than in the previous year ; and the lessened aggregate of duty [viid last year indicates that an increased amount of free goods, such as the raw material of manufactures, had been imported in 1893. " The shipping industry has, of course, 'OKV OF YARMOUTH. 41 developed in a maimer that has been provid ing remunerative employment for large n\im- hers of artisans and fishermen. The contigu- ous market of the United States is a never failing one for large quantities of fresh fish that have been almost daily sent thert; from this port. The facilities afforded for this traffic by the splendid Yarmouth line of steamers have, of course, been largely the means of giving ([iiick and profitable returns for these exports." A lucrative industry, ft)r instance, is the trade in fresh lobsters, which employs many of the shore fishermen. Mackerel, halibut, codfish, haddock, have also found increased demand at satisfactory prices. Indeed, it has been found there that, just as parts of U'estern Ontario so industriously export their 'I 'm Toronto Unmvkksiin i uinakv. received a great set back during the last decade," says the correspondent. "Owing to the competition of steamers, and that of iron sailing vessels as well, the wooden tonnage of the port has been very largely reduced, so that at the close of 1893 the tonnage is not much more than one- third of what it was in 1879 ; and it is being constantly reduced by sale and loss of vessels, without any building to take their place. Men who owned and built wooden vessels were made painfully aware of the general depression of the shipping industry, and have naturally turned their attention and their money into other channels of invest- ment. The result has been that Yarmouth's manufactuting and fishing interests have been turkeys, chickens, eggs, and dairy produce to .\merican cities, as to raise the prices of such food prodticts to rates almost [)rohibitory for their own residents, so the values of fresh fish products in Yarmouth itself were made by the American demand " so buoyant that the Yarmouth fish-eater generally pays a good round price during the export season for any tish delicacy." 'I'hree-fourths of the $600,000 worth of fish exported from Yarmouth went to the United States. The remainder repre- sents cured and pa(;ked fish sent to more distant markets. It is very satisfactory to learn that the good people of Yarmouth have taken one of the likeliest steps to attract to themselves a por- tion of the stream of American summer travel 43 THE FISHING AND CA which the salubrity and natural beauty of Nova Scotia induces to wit, they have l)uilt a good hostelry, the (Irand Hotel, on Main Street. The American traveller will not long continue to frequent a place that has not good hotel accommodation, and in this particular Yarmouth folk have reasoned shrewdly. The Western Counties railway, from Annapolis to Yarmouth, has had a good year ; and now is heard nmcli promise of a narrow gauge railroad from the latter place easlwa-'l to Lockport, some ninety miles. The annual report of the St. John's, Newfoundland, Chamber of Commerce on last year's fisheries is not a particularly cheering document. It opens with a refer- ence to the seal fishery of last spring, which was the worst ever experienced since the introduction of steamers into the industry. Last year all the steamers sailed from 150 miles north of St. John's, and missed the great body of seals. As a consequence, the total catch was only 129,160 seals, against 348,000 the year before. In addition to this, the price of oil and skins was very low, and the poor calch was rendered doubly unpro- ductive on this account. The Labrador cod fishery was the only one really productive. The catch was very good, and the cure equally so, with the exception of a small quantity taken at the latter part of the season, and which unfavorable weather prevented being properly dried. The shore fi.shery was only fairly productive, and the bank fishery was very poor -so much so, ipiieed, that the Chamber fears its early extinguishment, for the return is not by any means commensurate with the capital invested. The catch of pickled fish is indifferent and unsatisfactory, the take of salmon is only fair, and the herring fishery is al.so poor, especially frozen herring, the unusually mild weather ex- perienced preventing that industry being entered into with the usual vigor. Full returns of last season's salmon pack in British Columbia show that the combined output of the canneries has indeed been very large. In British Columbia there are at present forty-three canneries. These are located as follow : Twenty-six on the Kraser River, eight on the Skeena, three on the Naas, three at River's Inlet, and one each at Lowe's Inlet, .\lbert Bay, and Nanoose Hay. The entire pack is estimated at 576,584 cases. The pack of the Fraser River canneries shows an average of 19,000 cases each. The salmon tleet this year consists of ten vessels, and by them something over 400,000 cases have been taken to Liverpool and London. Of the remaining 175,000 or niore cases, the greater number went iWNING IND USTRIES. overland to supply the eastern markets and some for reshipment to the old country. .•\ustralia took several thousand cases. We have in a previous issue given the cargoes carried by the first seven vessels of the fleet. We now give a complete record of the shipments by vessels for the year : Hrk. Uoiitenlieck 38,800 $201 ,875 Shp.Sirene 66,558 282,790 S.S. fkamllioliu 31,707 158,535 lUk. Jessie Stowc. .. . 30,000 136,112 " I,a(lsiock 35773 178,865 " I'Drmosa 38,126 191,880 " City of Carlisle.. 37,381 185,905 .Shp. CanJia 50,318 249,523 Hrk. rriiiiera 24,666 128,350 " Harold (appr) . . 56,000 275,000 An exceedingly interesting report of the output of canned tomatoes, in 1893, ^'V 'he factories of the United States and Canada is- published in tiie last issue of The American Grocer. The pack of American canneries is given at 4,300,443 cases. To this output New Jersey contributed 977,242 cases ; Mary- land, 1,417,626 cases: Indiana, 347,260 cases; California, 451,547 cases ; Delaware, 271,277 cases; and New York, 160,887 case.s. The output of Canada is estimated at 1 56,000 cases, as compared with a pack of 143,627 cases last year. 'I'he combined pack repre- sents 4,456,443 cases, or 1,089,651 cases in excess of last year's ])ack. The total output in 1893 is, compared with that of previous years, as follows : \f,ir. tins cilIi. 1893 4,456,443 1892 3,366,792 1891 3,405.365 1890 3,166,177 1889 2,976,765 1888 3,34.5,137 1887 2,817,048 Total for .seven years 23,531,727 Average per year 3,361.675 Average per years 1891-1893 .. 3,742,867 "The result of the pack of 1893," our exchange remarks, " will prove a surprise, and be a warning to the trade. It is apparent from the recoids of the past five years that the average annual recjuirement of the United .States is about 3,300,000 cases, which quantity could be sold .at fair prices and avoid a carry over. Fortunately for the packer, the bulk of the season's output is in possession of distributors." The annual rejjort of the Toronto Harbor Trust for 1893 gives particulars of the ship- ping trade of 'Loronto, and shows that, by the comparative statement of goods arrived by water during that year and the year before, while there is an increase in 1893 of SHIP PI nl; maritime fro vinces. 41 general merchandise received, an increase in fruit and grain, tluTC is a decrease in l)ricks, lumber, sione, and sand, tiie result <^f the decline in building operations, and a marked decline in coal imports (from 161,000 to 126,000 tons), probably by reason of the failure of a large coal house. An increased number of steamboat arrivals is noted and a decrease in sailing vessels, the total arrivals being 2,577. The bay was clear of ice for eight months — April 7 to December 8. 'l"he report of the shipping operations carried on by the Maritime Province owners the past year is not a particularly pleasing one. The total number of new vessels registered during the year is 298, an increase of some thirty-eight vessels over those struck ofi" from the registration. The com- bined tonnage of these 298 vessels, however, amounts to but 24,400 tons, while the tonnage of the 260 vessels struck off is 91,439 tons. The tonnage lost this year by disaster has been far from inconsiderable, for, as the vessels of the maritime fleet grow older, they become more subject to loss. The tonnage registered in the different i)arts of the Maiitime Provinces for the years 1892 and 1893 is given in the following table, which we take from The Halifax Chronicle: PdH I Kt'.t.lslKA : ION. Ndva .SioriA — .\mherst Annapolis Hrichat Barrinijlon i)igi>y (iiiysboro Ill 1U-, Al. TONNAl.h. 1H<)-. 906 9.'") 5.414 1,85" "2.554 2.057 Dec, ai, i*)3 906 7,268 5.'67 2,061 "1,537 1,889 Carried forward 83248 •liilifax 5'. 339 I.i .'eriKjol 7,77 1 Lunenburg 27,576 Maill:in"d the receipts from all sources $1,032. 'I'he amount paid out on account of the ninth annual Fat Stock Show was $1,722, and the receipts amounted :o $1,095. I'l^ judges of the farms in Leeds and Stormont had in- curred expenses amounting to $^1-12. The repoit further pointed out that at the World's l''air there would be entered 257 horses (75 being passed conditionally), 259 cattle (175 being passed ui)on), 523 sheep (350 being approved of), 152 swine (150 being approved ofl Reference was made to the scheduling of Canadian cattle by the .American Covern- ment. l)i[)lomas were also granted by the association to graduates of the Ontario Veterinary College. The Spring Stallion Show, which opened at the Drill Shed, Toronto, on March 8, was attended by a big crowd of siiectators. The number of entries was about equal to that of the previous year, while in some of the classes the exhibits were superior. The thoroughbred class was particularly good, but the competition in the hackneys was somewhat limited. 'l"he judging gave general satisfaction, the judges for the various classes being as follows : Thoroughbreds, R. Pringle, Toronto; carriage or coach stallions, W. H. (libstjn, lUiffalo; standard-bred road- sters, Dr! Willoughby, Colborne ; Suffolk Punch, J. !''. <^)uinn, Hrampton : hackneys, A. Wilson, Paris. One of the agricultural events of the early 46 OTTAWA EXPERIXfENTAf. IAR.\r REPORT. spring was the piililication of the reports of the Ottawa ICxperimcntal Tann. The Director of this institution, Mr. William Saunders, says : '■ Six years have passed since the initial steps were taken towards establishing a system of Experimental Karms for the Dominion of ('anada. I'rior to this, during tiie session of the House of (loiiiinons in 18S4, a select C(jmrnittce was a['.poiiiled to inquire into the iiest means of encouraging and developing the agricultural interests of (Janada, and this conmiittee made a report in favor of the estahlishment of an experi mental farm. No further steps, however, were taken in this direction until November, 1885, when an invesiigati<)n was undertaken for the [jurpose of ascertaining the condition of experimental work in agriculture in the United States, (Ireat I'.ritain, and other countries, and a rejjort was pre[)ared on this subject imder ilite of I't.'bruary 20, 18X6, which was submitted to the House of Com- mons during the session of that year. ' The l';x])erimental l-'arm Station Act,' which was based on the rocomnieiulations emboilied in that report, was introduced shortly after, and . passed with the concurrence of both sides of the House: and on the ibth of October following the organization was begim by the appointment of a Director to undertake the work. "One of the provisions of the Act required that the Central Experimental I'arm, which was to serve the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, should be located near the cajjital, and prior to my appointment I had been instructed by the Minister of .Agriculture to inspect those farms near Ottawa, some twenty in all, which had been offered for sale to the (Jovernment as sites for the Central Experinvmtal Farm. .After spending several weeks on this work, it was found that none of the farms offered possessed the combined features desired in the Central Experimental I'arm, when in- structions were received to visit and inspect other farms not offered in the neighborhood of the capital, when, among others, the present site was examined. J'"inding that this land, although in a very rough condition and parts of it very swampy, presented advantages greater than those of any other farm in the neighborhood in its variety of soil, contiguity to the city, commanding position as to elevation, fat ililies for drainage, etc., which made it eminently desirable for the purpose, a re[Jorl was prepared recom- mending that this farm be chosen. Shortly after this, a jjortion of the land was pur- chased at [)rivate sale, and the remaining area recpiired was expropriated under the Act, and the prices to be paid for the several portions subsetiiiently fixed by the Dominion arbitrators. "The day following that of my ap[)oint- ment as Director of Experimental I'arms, I lel't for the Maritime Provinces to enter on a systematic imiuiry into the conditions of agricullurc in all the settled portions of the Dominion from the . Atlantic to the Pacific, for the purpose pf ascertaining where the H(iN. John Dkndkn, iiilttirui Mini.\tfr of A^ruutturt'. exi)erimental farms which it was designed to establish in the several i)roviiu:es could be best located so as to confer the greatest benefit on the farmers of the Dominion. " During the interval which had ela|)sed between the passing of ' 'I'he Experimental Karms .Act' and the appointment of the Director, many offers of land had been made to the Covernment in all the provinces and territories, and, in justice to the parties concerned, it seemed necessary that all those farms offeroti, which were in central or promising localities, should be inspected and reported on, and to accomplish this involved much time and labor. " Since it was designed that the Ex[)eri- mental Farm to be established in the Maritime Provinces should serve the require- ments of the three provinces, namely. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island, there were many leasons why it was desirable that this farm should be located not far from the boundary line between Nova Scotia and New P)runswick, so that it might be almost equally accessible to the farmers of these two provinces, and at the same time convenient for the farmers of ()T7:ill.l IISPEKIMEXTM. FARM REPORT. 47 rriiico I'Jiward Islaml. While ;ill ttic I'urnis offered to the (iovernmciU in the Maritime Provinces were iiispectetl and re[Kirted on, the greater care was given to the examination of those situated in the l)urder counties ol Cumherland ■xnA Colchester, in Nova Scotia, and of Westmoreland and Alhert, in New Jirunswick. " As soon as tliis prelinniiary survey ol the sites offered in the Maritime IVovinces was erinteHtal Farni^ Oita-va. sand predominates, with some parts gravelly, and with a subsoil varying from clay to gravelly clay. The cleared land may be classified approximately as follows: Marsh or dyke land, valuable for the growth of hay, aliout fifty acres ; lower upland, fifty acres ; and higher upland, one hundred acres. The higher land faces the west and overlooks the inlet from the Bay of Fundy, 48 OTTAtVA KX/'/'lh'/M/lXTAI. FA KM REPORT. and commands a ^ootl view ol tlu' M.uT.iii River and tlie surrounding country. " Under the judicious inanii>;cnient of Mr. IJlair, this farm has been greatly ini proved, UMderdrainin^; lias effected remark- able changes in the relative fertility of |)ortions of the land, valuable experimental work has been conducted with grain, foddf.x'!*^'«wfi<' ^-i-rA-.-- yt^k K9^'>^r«?a orr.nhi expekimextm. i-Aini kepokt. 5« a « orchards, ami at tin- same iIidc carry on i number of c\|)i'niii(.'nt;il tests with urain, fodder, crops, and roots, partic ulars of which are ^iven in ihi' report of the ICxpernnenlal I'arm for iSgo. I'niler theeiicr{,'etic manage nienl of Mr. Sharpe, the clearing of the land has been steadil\ imsiied, aiui up to tlic present time oni' liiindred and five acres have been brjiighl untler cuhiv.ition, and twenty acres nujre cleaMet»i*-"<' OTTAIVA EXPERIMENTAL FARM REPORT. 5a affect fruit trees and vines have been watched, and the remedies which have been reconiniended thoroughly tested, and the results given to the public in the annual reports. " VVitli the appointment of Mr. James I'^letcher, early in 1887, to the position of" entomologist and botanist to the Dominion E.xperimental Farms, the subjects of insects and plants injurious to crops, and the remedies for their subjugation, have been made matters of special study ; much useful experience has been gained, and the results have been given in reports and bulletins. Mr. Fletcher has also brought together a large collection of useful grasses, ;ind has succeeded in establishing a series of experimental plots, with the object of determinmg their hardiness and relative usefulness as fodder plants. This branch of his work has been much appreciated ; the large number of letters of inquiry which have been received from year to year in connection with these several divisions of the work indicate the lively interest which is taken in them. "In July, 1887, Mr. F. T. Shutt was appointed as chemist to the Dominion Experimental Farms, which prepared the way for supplying some portion of the information needed in connection with the chemistry of agriculture. Shortly after his appointment, Mr. Shutt accompanied the Director in a visit paid to several of the well- known chemical laboratories in the United States ; and by this means much useful information was accumulated, and, from the data oi)tained, the size and form of the present laboratories were determined and the plans for the building prepared. While this structure was in course of erection, Mr. Shutt proceeded to Europe and visited some o{ the more important laboratories in Creat Britain and on the Continent, and selected the necessary apparatus for the laboratory at Ottawa. On his return, plans of the internal fittings were prepared and carried out ; and, as a result of this arrange- ment, the chemical laboratory at the Experi- mental F'arm has been made one of the most convenient and best-fitted establish- ments for carrying on chemical work in relation to agriculture to be found in this country. The good work since accomplished by Mr. Shutt in the analysis of soils, fodder, plants, natural fertilizers — such as muds, marls, and mucks, from many parts of the Dominion, also grasses, sugar beets, and many other substances, have made his annual reports very valuable to the farming community. "During 1887 and 188H, the clearing of the land on the Central Experimental Farm was completed; the main drains and many of the branches, measuring over fifteen miles in all, v.'ere laid ; most of the buildings |)lanned and erected ; avenues, ornamental hedges, and clumps of shrubbery were planted, ihe land adjacent to the buildings graded and sodded, and the whole aspect of the farm greatly improved. Extensive shelter belts and plantations of forest trees have since beeti planted, which will eventually' add much to the beauty of the place. "In May, 1888, experiments were begun with poultry, and the services of Mr. .\. G. (jilbert secured to carry on this work. Eater in the season, when the poultry building was ready for occupation, the birds which had been bred served to furnish it with stock, and Mr. (lilbert was selected to fill the position of poultry manager. The armual reports he has given of the work carried on have been of much service to those interested in poultry, and have served as a guide to many in the management of fowls, as well as in the selection of varieties. "On February 1, 1890, Mr. James W. Robertson was appointed as agriculturist to the Experimental Farm and dairy commis- sioner for the Dominion. In his capacity as agriculturist he has taken charge of the stock, originated the many important feeding tests which have been made, and supervised the work. 'I'he dairy building and piggery were built in accordance with plans prepared by him, and embodyniodern conveniences which simjjlify and lessen the work. In these buildings continued experiments have been carried on in connection with the manufac- ture of butter and the feeding of cattle and swine, and important bulletins and reports published on these subjects. Owing to Mi. Robertson's frequentandunavoidableabsence in pursuance of his other duties, a part of the work which usually devolves on the agricul- turist has been carried on by the Director, aided by the farm foreman and by Mr. Wm. Macoun, who discharges the duty of foreman of forestry and assistant in experimental work. The important work carried on by Mr. Robertson as dairy commissioner for the Dominion has already influenced most favorably the dairy exports of this country, and the stimulus which lie has given to this industry by the establishment of experimental dairy stations and winter creameries, by his personal efforts and those of the assistant dairy commissioner in Quebec, togeuier with those of the instruct- ors under his charge, will doubtless result in a still greater development of this exten- ..Ui THE BSTI MATED WHEAT PRODUCT OF THE WORLD. 53 lan Hat on ner :ed liis has ent Iter nse in ict- iull on- sive industry in every i)rovince of the r)omini(jn. " In connection with the establishment and supervision of the experimental farms, the writer has travelled since October, 1886, eight timfs to the Pacific coast, and ten times to ihe Atlantic, and visited n large proportion of tne more im|)ortant agricultural districts throughout the Dominion. In all l)ranches of tlie work undertaken, he has been greatly aided by the faithful services of those who have been associated with him, and in charge of special departments, and to the vi'ue of their work he desires to iiear grateful testimony; and svith their help these establishments have been brought to their present position of usefulness and popularity." As the farming season of 1893 went on, various causes militated against th:,- crops, prominent among them being a long season of drought in July and August. The pros- pects of the early part of the year were in a large measure overcast ; and, as a matter of fact, the yield for the year was disappointing. In Septembi r, lie New York Sun published the following estimate of the wheat reouire- ments and product. The writer says : — " Otificial estimates having been i)ublished of most of the greater crops of 1893, we are now able to arrive at a fair appro.\imation of the world's wheat supply for the 1893-94 harvest year, by supplementing these official estimates by conservative commercial ones for other countries. Placing such estimates in juxtaposition with the requirements of the augmented populations of the respective countries, as indicated by the consumption of the last ten years, we arrive at the results embodied in the following table, where both requirements and product are stated in terms of Winchester bushels, or bushels of sixty pounds where foreign sveights have been reduced. " As a tabulation, to possess any value whatever, must include all importing and exporting countries, the effort is made here to cover the entire area that (Mther buys or sells wheat. KsriMA run VVuKAr Kkouirkmbnts anu rRonucr, I89J-94. United Kint;(l()ni.. . . France Italy Helgiiun (ierniany Netherlands SwitiLorland Spain , (Ireece Tortiigal Sweden and Norway Ihnm-stic R»*tHiiri-iii'-iits. Ilu-hi-ls 241,300,000 353,400,000 147,800,000 40,000,000 113,200,000 17,800,000 i4,4oo,txx) 84,600,000 1 1,100,000 1 1,100,003 8,300,000 listitu.ilcd rn.ilu. t. 53,600,000 277,900,000 120,500,000 16,000,000 90,(^XX3,000 5,000,000 2,000,000 77,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 4,100,000 Turkey in Europe . . . Denmark l{i)snia, Cyprus, etc.. .South .\frica Japan Mexico Islands and Tropics. Russia (all) India Austria- Hungary .... Koumania Hid{;aria Servia .'Vuslralasia .•\rgeniina Chili Uruguay Algeria Egypt and Tunis. . . . .Southwestern Asia. ('anada United States 26,000,000 4,750,000 4,200,000 6,500,000 15,200,000 12,200,000 35,000,000 210.000,000 220,000,000 181,500,000 26,000,000 22,000,000 4,800,000 32,0O0,0(X) 25,000,000 13,200,000 3,800,000 19.000,000 17,000,000 76,000,000 39,300,000 378,000,000 22,000,000 4,250,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 310,000,000 266,900.000 188,200,000 46,000,000 30,000,000 7.000,000 39,800,000 55,000,000 18,000,000 5,000,000 19,500,000 19,000,000 80,000,000 45,000,000 371,300,000 Total 2,414,450,000 2,217,550,000 United Kingdom . France Italy Helgiuni (iermany Netherlands Switzerland . . Spain (ireece Portugal Sweden and Norway. Turkey in Europe. . Denmark liosnia, Cyprus, etc. South Africa J^pan Mexico Islands and Tropics.. Russia (all) India .Vustria-Hungary .... Koumania liulgaria .Servia Australasia .Argentina Chili Uruguay .Algeria Egypt and Tunis. . . . Southwestern Asia. . . Canada United Slates United .States, from surplus reserves, crops of 1891 and 1892 ntal. .. nstiin.iteit IJeficit. Hiisliels. 187,700,000 75,500,000 27,300,000 24,000,000 23,200,000 12,800,000 12,400,000 7,000,000 6,100,000 5,100,000 4,200,000 4,000.000 500,000 200,000 3,000,000 1,200,000 200,000 35,000,000 Kstfin.ited Surjilus. Btisiiets. 6,700,00) 100,000,000 .16,900,000 6,700,000 20,000,000 8,000,000 2,200,OCO 7.800,000 30,000,000 4,800,000 1,200,000 500,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 5 700,000 100,000,000 436,700,000 339,000,000 " If we are to accept the indications of the Department of Agriculture, the harvest of the United .States will give a product below home needs, while the world's product in 1893 appears to be below the world's require- ments by some 196,000,000 bushels. This 54 AGRICULTURE JN ONTARIO. is partially offset by an extraordinary reserve of somethitig near 100,000,000 bushels in the United Slates." 'I'lie Agricultural Department of the f )ii taiio (iovernment was aeiive during last )ear in its endeavors to forward the interests of the farming community. Circumstances niose in connection with the (luelph Agricul- tural (Jollege and Kami which led to the retirement of Mr. Shaw, the Professor of Agriculture, who took a re.s[)onsible position in t.'ie United States. It was thereupon determined, in some measure, to reorganize the teaching staff, and the following officers were appointed : i-'arm Superintendent, William Rennie, an experienced farmer of many years' standing; Lecturer on Agriculture and Live Stock, (1. K. Day, B.S.A., who is a university graduate, and also a graduate of Ontario Agricultural College ; Lecturer on Horticulture, H. L. Hutt, B.S.A., the son of a fruit, farmer in the Niagara District, and who possesses a good practical knowledge of his subject ; Assistant Resident Master, ]. B. Reynolds, B.A., whose course in the School of Pedagogy was a brilliant one, and who has since had considerable experience m Public School teaching. The history of the college shows a gradual, but highly satisfactory, development. In 1874, when it opened its doors, about a score of students responded to its invitations. The number increased till 1878, when 146 were enrolled. The following table gives the number of students in the succeeding years, with the country from whence they came : 1878 122 18 6 o o 146 1879 141 18 3 o o 162 1880 142 25 8 I o 176 1881 164 33 18 I I 217 1882 144 27 30 I 4 206 1883 134 34 30 2 2 202 1884 120 }2 32 2 2 188 1885 loj 28 41 o 3 17s 1886 94 20 33 o 2 149 1887 7H 12 20 o o no 1888 91 9 26 o 5 131 1889 94 10 22 I 7 134 1890 108 15 17 I 5 146 1891 103 9 16 I 3 132 ■ 892 132 13 1 4 159 1893 214 12 15 I 5 247 During the summer season of i8()3 numer- ous picnics of farmers and their friends were organized, the college being the point of interest. In 1892, no fewer than 18,000 visitors called at the college grounds, and aneveti larger number followed their example in 1893. The Faimers' Institutes promote and engineer these excursions, and the railways give extremely reasonable rates, often con- siderably below single fare. The trip does not usually take over a day, and so makes a comfortai)le outing. The station is about a mile and a half from the colltge, and certain enterprising citi/.ens of (luelpti have estab- lished a carryall service, charging ten cents a trip. A large number of the visitors avail themselves of this means of transit, while others, again, prefer to walk, and march on to their destination in a loose and scjme- what straggling column. Once at the col- lege, and all expense and care is ended. President Mills, his family, and the whole of the staff meet the picnickers, throw open everything, and place themselves at their disposal. A substantial lunch, sandwiches, biscuits, cheese, and similar staples, is pro- vided in the spacious gymnasium, fitted up for the nonce with seats. Mrs. Mills and the Misses Mills aid in the distribution, and a piano is generally in the room to add to the jollity of the occasion. The refreshments disposed of, the tour of the place begins. President Mills delivers an address, setting forth the nature of the James W. Rhhekison, Agricu/luriil, I'xPeriincntal Farm, Ottawa. college, and the line upon which it seeks to benefit the farmers. Then each professor takes the visitors in hand and conducts them over his special department. The dairy proves a great point of interest, and Prof. Dean gives practical illustrations of butter and cheese-making, and of the simple and effi<-acious methods of milk testing |)ursued. Prof Zavit/ shows the visitf)rs the plots of ground planted with the various species of A SUAfMRR COURSE— DAIRY PROGRESS. 55 grains, exhibiting the aiivantages and dis- advantages of eaih. I'lof. Tanlon shows his department of geology and praeliral botany, and, in connection with his demonstrations, the conservatory, with its splendid variety of Mowers, proves a great attraction. The fine live stock exhibit awakens great interest, and the attendants are kejit busy explaining the various contrivances used in the keeping, stabling, and treatment of the cattle. In addition to this, the students often gi\e exhibition games upon the lawn, anil every elTort is made by all connected with the institution to entertain, instruct, and please the men who have greatest cause to be intei- ested in anything i alculated to advance the interests of agriculture. The plan of sending the exclusions there has proved a great success. It is an un- doul)ted benefit that the farmers should be brought into contact with the scientifK: pursuit and exposition of agriculture, while the tri[) to the beautiful city of Ciuelph, and the college grounds, proves a most agreeable incident in the too often monotonous life of the farmers, (Canada's backbone and dependence. Realizing the prime importance of the agricultural industry in this prijvince, and the necessity of doing something more than has hitherto been attempted to induce the youth of the country to take a real anil practical interest in that science, Hon. John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture, with the co operation of the Minister of Education, arranged for a short summer course at the Ontario Agricul tural College, for the benefit of Public school teachers. The object which he had in view was to so equip the teachers as to enable them to impart instruction in agriculture to the children in attendance at the Public schools, and in this way to stimulate a ilesire for knowledge ujxjn agricultural subjects, and to cultivate among the young a lo\e for rural life. President .\lills and the college staff gave their most energetic attention to the (urtherance of the scheme, with the result that the comse proved highly popular ai\d successful. The teachers who attended numbered thirty -five, of whom seventeen were women and eighteen men. 'l"he subject of agricultural needs more than once occupied the attention of the Ontario Legislature during the 1893 session. In explaining the estimate for agriculture in the Assembly a few days before the close of the session, Hon. John Dryden made a speech of some im|)ortance. His remarks were as follow : " In connection with agricultural societies, associations, farmers' institutes, etc., I have asked for an increased vote of $2,750, one of the principal items being that of $500 additional to ti^e Ontario Creameries' Asso- ciation, making the grant $2,000, the same as is given to the Dairymen's Associations east and west. The necessity for this increase is caused by the greater number of creameries which are now being established, necessitating a considerable increase for supervision, instruction, etc. The association had only been organized eight years, and, unlike the Dairymen's Association, it covers the entire province, causing the expenditure of a considerable amount in connection with travciling expenses, as compared with eiljier of the other kindred associations. I would point out that we should now have occupied a better position in the manufacture of butter if this association had lieen organized earlier. W'c have increased the (quantity and also the quality of the cheese product of this country, while as to butter our exports have de- creased largely, and the quality is of that character which will not command the foreign market. Phis is attributable to the fact that, until recent years, there has been no co- operative effort to control the output by an association of this character. The Dairy- men's Associations were organized many years ago, and to that fact is due the ex-^ ceedingly good position we now occupy as regards our cheese. The quality of this article has improved year by year until now we command the best markets of the world. I am looking forward to the time when, through the instrumentality of the Creameries' .•\ssociation, the same result may be accom- plished in the manufacture of butter. It is P'.rfectly clear that equally good butter can be manufactured in a private dairy ; yet, if we evei expect to take a high position in the foreign market, it must be through co- o[)erative dairying, as undertaken by the creameries that are being organized. Up to the year 1891, we bad thirty-five creameries scattered in dififerent portions of the prov- ince. I >uring th(! following year that number was increased by twenty-one, so that, at the end of 1892, there were fifty six in operation. It is expected that this number will largely increase during the present year, which will certainly increase the expenses of instruction and supervision very largely. To indicate how this expenditure has increased in [)ast years, 1 may say that in i8go the travelling expenses incurred amounted to $596.65 ; in 1892, it had reached tiie sum of $900; while in 1893 it is expected that it will reach $1,200. " I 1 ope that in the near future it may be possible to amalgamate thi?, association with THE ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL DE/\IRTMEXT. ■•«. the Dairymen's Associations, for the reason that many of those interested in the manu- facture of cheese are likewise interested in the manufacture of butter. In many in- stances, the cheese factory is now utih/ed for butter-making during a portion of the year. " I have reason to know that the associa- tion is managed with the utmost economy, and that the money granted by the Legisla- ture is made to go as for as [)ossible. 1, therefore, without hesitation, ask the Legis- lature for this increased vote. "We are also asking an increase towards the work of the i'"armers' Institute. 'I'his is occasioned, first, by the increasing number of institutes, and, secondly, by the additional number of meetings that are being held in each of the electoral divisions. I presume it will not be denied that no organization among the farmers has accomplished, in recent years, more good, and has aroused more enthusiasm, or has been the means of disseminating more information, than the Farmers' Institute. I have been exercising my influence, as head of the Department, in suggesting the advisability of holding in every county a series of meetings to cover the entire district. I have pointed out to the officers of these institutes that it is intended not only to hold one or two meetings as the law actually requires, and to secure merely the luiniber of members necessary to draw the provincial grant ; what is needed is that farmers, generally, should be interested in this work, that they should be induced to become members of the institute for the reason that in that way, and in that way alone, can they become directly connected with the Agricultural Department, and thus receive the abundant inforiiiali ^>3 sik JOHN' Anno'i T. A SKIICII (IK THK l'\ I'RhMIKR'S CARKKK. |HE I'rime Miiiislcr of Ciuiada, S.r Jolm Cald well Abboll, who suc- recfli'd Sir Jolin Mai' doiiald, died at liis rosi dciicc ill Moiilrcal on Oct. 30. joliii Jt)sc|)li (^ildwell AI)liolt was l)omon Mattli 12, 1S21, al St. Andrews, in the Oninty of Argentciiil, in the Province of (^)iie- Uec. lie was tlie eldest son of the lale Rev. Joseph .Abbott, who was the first incumliciU of that |)lace. The I'lvmier's fatlier, a man of active nature and cultivated tastes, gave to literatureniany works, of which the best known is " IMiilip Musgrave ; or, 'I'he .Adventures of a Missionary in Canada." The Re\. Joseph Al)l)ott was born in the north of Mnglaiid, and, consequently, his son, tht)ugh of Cana- dian birth, was of ICnglish descent. .After siiending the first seventeen years of his life under the iiarental ro if, young Abbott entered a inercanlil',- house in Montreal. Unable, through illness caused by the close conlinenieiit, to continue ofilicc work, he ol)tained a position in a general establishment at Cananoque, where he remained until, in 1843, he returned to Montreal to study in McCill College. He graduated in due time as a B.C.I-., and then turned his attention to the study of law. In 1847, Mr. .Abbott was called to the> Bar of (Quebec, .\fter fifteen years' practice, he was appointed (^)ueen's Counsel, and in 1867 was made a D.C.I-. Mr. Abbott's political life commenced in 'i^57) when he was elected to represent his native county, Argenteuil, in the Canadian Assembly. In 1862 he was a|)pointed Solicitor Cieneial in the' Ifield Macdonald- Sicotte (^ibinet, an offK vhich he hekl for a short time. Subsecjuenlly, while in f)[)- jjosition, he introduced two bills which added to his fame as a lawyer. One was the Jury Consolidation Act of Lower Canada, and the other an Act providing for the collection of judicial and registration fees by slan)|)s. The main principles of these measures were retained in sul)se(|uent legislation. Ui)on the consiiiiiinatioo of Confederation in 1867, Mr. .Abhoti was elected l)y Argenteuil to the House of (!oiiimoiis. At the general elections in 1872 he was once more returned for the County of Argenteuil ; and in the following year, as the le;;al adviser of the late Sir Hugh .Allan, he be< anie a preeminent figure in ( onnection with the Pacific scandal. U|)oii being returned again in 1874, his election was disputed and voided. Until 1880 the con- stituency was held by Liberals, but in that year it was redeemed by Mr. Abbott, who 111 1886 retired from the House of ( Commons to accept, in 1887, the leadership o»' the (lovernment in the Senate. Injun , i8(;i, on (he death of Sir John Macdonald, Mr. .Abbott was called upon to form a govern iiient, and acce[)ted the task, much against his will. He filled for a time the bread' which the old chieftain left, but advancing years called for his retirement, and on November 25, 1892, he made way for Sir John Thompson. Mr. Abbott's political ideas were not always in unison with the leader of whom he afterwards became a great admirer and devoted follower. Five years after he entered Parliament Mr. John .A. Macdonald introduced his Militia bill, which, owing in part to the increased expenditure it invohed, brought about iiis defeat. Among those who opposed the bill was Mr. Abbott. When the future Sir John resigned, Mr. John Sandfield Macdonald, the then leader of the Opposition, formed the Macdonald- Sicotte Administration, and took Mr. /M:)bott. with Mr. Dorion, who subsequently became Liberal leader, into his Cabinet as Solicitor- Ceneral, Hlast. Against this Ciovernment, Mr. Jolin A. Macdonald worked with especial energy. But he would not have brought about its destruction had it not been for a division in the Liberal camp, which made Mr. Brown, for the moment, his ally. When the Government did go under, Mr. Sandfield Macdonald essayed a re- organization leaving out of his Cabinet this I 64 THE I. ATE SIR JOHN .Ui/iOT'l. time Mr. Alibolt, and Mr., suh-iequfiuly Sir, .\(lain \Vil,;()n, .ind installinj; in their (jlaces Mr. l.iK-iiis Sctli lluiitiiij^ton, who afterwards t'xposed tlie I'acilk; scandal, and Mr. .Mowat. I'Vom tliat date .Mr. Al)l)()it drifted towards Sir John Macdonald, with wliom lie was shortly in close alliance. After the restora- tion in 1878, .Mr. Abbott returned to Parliament lo sii|)|)ort the National Policy, and in the ('ominons he remained until 1 887, when, on Sir Alexander ('nnipbell's retirement to the Ciovernnient House at Toronto, he became the reprt;sentative of tlie Administration in the Senate. During his brief term as Premier, which evtendi.'d over seventeen months. Sir John Abbott .showed himself lo l)e e(|ual in every respect, .save physically, to the duties of the office. When he assumed the reins, with Sir John 'riiompson as his ri^'ht hand man, it was predicted that he would be the nominal rather than the real head of the ( ioveriiment. Hut while Sir John .Abbott was Premier, he took his full share of responsibilities. His constant and unfaihni; attention to duty was frecjuently remarketl, and the lirmness with which he held to what he believed to be in th(; interest of the country showed that he had a high conception of his duty. 'i"he ditficulties which he overcame in the forma tion of his Cabinet were of no ordinary kind, and the resistance he offered to demands for unnecessary subsidies .must have l)een a severe drain upon his strength. On taking the Premiership, two objections were raised against him. One was that he was a director of the C.P. R., and the other that, in 1849, he had signed an annexation manifesto. In reply to the former, Sir John resigned from the directorate of the com[)any, and sold out all his stock. His answer to the second was as follows : "The annexation manifesto was the outgrowth of an outburst of petulance in a small portion of the population of the IVovince of Quebec, which is amongst the most loyal of the jirovinces of Canada. Most of the people who signed the annexation manifesto were more loyal than the English people them- selves. There were a few gentlemen of American origii. who seized a moment of passion into which these people fell to get some hundreds of people in Montreal lo sign this paper. I venture to say that, with the exception of those American gentlemen, there was not a man who signed that manifesto who had any more serious idea of seeking annexation with the United States than a pendant child who strikes his nurse has of deliberately murdering her. They were exas[)erated by the fact thai when 10,000 men, who had suffered distress and di.saster in the unfortunate rising before those days. |ietitioi.ed the (it)vernor, of the time being, to retain for the i onsideration of Her Majesty a bill which they believed lo be passed for paying .he men whom they blamed for the trouble, the (iovernor (ieneral, with an ostentatious disregard, as they believed. ,.**,. Siu [ re.uler. When he had time to spare, he devoted it to the study of botany, of which he acijuired an extensive knowledge. Sir John .Abboii, in short, was a student, .mil a worker, all his life. He w.is .it .ill times courteous, and never courted distinction or display. He was a t!anadi.m whom all • 'anadians, irrespective of party, may admire and emulate. 'lilt Dam ami W'hiki.iul'i. (pn (Ikam) Kivkk, a r ISka.s 1 1 (iKii - Hidiiw AihK, L'iikimma.'.. idyi. ONTARIO MINERALS. ^^^^^^^ i HE report of the Ontario Bureauof Mines for 1892, \vhich was pub- lislifd in the spring, contains an interesting siminiary of in- f(jrmation as to the present [josi- tion of the mining interest. Until recently, gold was supposed to be found in workable quanti- ties only in Hastings, and a. 'Ut the Lake of the Woods. But within the last two years [iromising leads have been discovered in the valleys of the Thessalon and Vermilion Rivers in Algoma, and near i.akeWahnapitae in Nipissing. An important find of gold has also been made at the l.edyard mine at Belmont, near Peterborough, where a rich vein of ore has Ijeen experimentally worked, with very good results. At this mine, there is a large deposit of magnetic iron, its locntion being Lot 19 in the ist Concession ot Belmont. The iron ore is of first-class Bessemer (juality, suited to make the finest steel, being rich in iron and very free from impurities. The Belmont Bessemer Ore Company, of New York, have leased this mine on royalty from T. 1). Ledyard, of Toronto, and have built a railway to connect with the Central Ontario Railway, ten miles distant. On the east half of this same Lot 19, several gold veins were discovered last year, and are now being worked under the name of the Ledyard Cold Mines. A shaft has been sunk to the depth of 45 feet on an east and west vein, which is from four to six feet wide, and very clearly defined between walls of talcose schist. This vein is found outcropping in several places, and has been traced for fioo feet west of the shaft. A good deal of honeycomb quartz occurs here, carrying free gold and iron pyrite?. These sulphurets are very rich, having assayed at different dejjtlis from $117 to $022 in gold to the ton. About two hundred yards west of the shaft is a knoll intersected with quartz veins, also containing visible gold and rich sulphurets, samples of which have assayed $12 in gold to the ton. Besides these, thvrc are several other gold- bearing veins, w'.iich have as yet been only slightly dev;ioped. These mines are well situated and easily accessible, being within ten miles both of the ("anada Pacific Rail way and the Central Ontario Railway, and are situated in a well-settled country, where labor and supplies are cheap, and where even low-grade ores would pay handsomely. Prospecting has been active in the -Mgonin and Nipissing regions, and not a few locations have been taken up. Important discoveries of silver, copper, and antimony ores ha\e also been reported in the Town- ship of Barrie, in Frontenac, and of steatite (s ipstone) in Orimthorpe, and in both to.vnships |)ros[)ectors were busy last year. So savs Mr. lilues mining repf)rt for ilue's report has reference to iron-making. With respect to Ontario the report, in one sense, is not unlike the famous essay on snakes in Ireland ; but if there is at present no iron made within the limits of the province, the report furnishes a good deal of cause of wonder why this should be so. Iron smelting is carried on with considerable success in Quebec and Nova Scotia, where the industry has no more encouragement than in this province. The report states that the sketch of the iron ores of the province is fragmentary and incom])lete, as there are thousands of s(iuare miles in the mineral-bearing regions of the province that have never been examined either by the officers of the geo- logical survey or prospectors. .Mr. Blue ONTARIO MINERALS. 67 has, nevertheless, collerted a surprising amount of information about the matter, and, as such information is usually concretionary, the tendency will he towards growth from year to year, permitting of the classification of facts that will, in all likelihood, eventually lead to important results. The furnaces in the Province of Tjuehec are those situated at Radnor, fifteen miles from Three Rivers, and at Drunmiondville. The Radnor forges began operations in j86o, but have not been steadily in operation. Indeed, it is only since the property has been in the hands of Drummond, McCall iV (!o., of Montreal, that matters have settled down to a business-like basis. Irv 1891 this firm erected a new furnace, capable of turning out some fifty tons a day, but at the time of which the report treats twenty- five tons a day was the output. The ore used is bog ore or brown hematite. The com[iany owns large (luantities of land containing tin- de|u)sits, but it also purchases from neighboring farmers who have deposits on their own lands. Charcoal is the fuel used, and for the supply the company owns large tracts of forest lands. The product of this furnace is largely used by Ontario manufacturers, and is declared to be equal to Salisbury iron. The Drummondville furnaces, two in num- ber, also treat bog ore, and use coke as fuel. They are operated by John McDougall & Co., of Montreal, the whole output, which is said to be of iiigh quality, being used in their car-wheel works at Montreal. About 200 men areemi)loyed in smelting, procuring ore, chopping in the bush, and converting logs into charcoal. 'I'he bounty granteil by the Dominion (iovernment for the production of |)ig iron is $2 per ton. A bounty was first given m i88,:i of $1.50 a ton. This was paid until the end of the fiscal year 1888-81;, when for the ne.xt three years it was reduced to $1 a ton. Heginning wiiii July i, 1892, the ijounty was doubled, and during the first eight months of that fiscal year the sinn of $57'952 was paid in bounties. Up to I'ebruary 3, 1893, the sum of $388,578 had been paid in the ten years in which the bounty system has prevailed ; $309,886 of this has been received iiy the Londonderry Iron (^"o., or an average of $30,575 per year. Hesides the Londonderry (,'om|)any, which is the largest concern in the Dominion, there are two other furnaces in Nova Scotia. Besides the bounty, the iron smelters enjoy a [)roteclion of $672 on ihi; long ton. Speaking of tiie case of Ontario, the report says that with a protection against conipeti tion of $8.72 the business in this province should require no further protection. The i:hapter on the iron ores of Ontario is thrt which best displays the industry and resenr.h of the officers of the new depart- ment. Every consideralile deposit of iron in the province is mentioned, together with speculations as to the probable quantities and the estimated cjuality. The chapters on copper and nickel are ecjuaJly interesting. It is altogether a valuable contribution to the subject of the mineral wealth of Ontario, and gives jiromise of amply justifying the creation of this new branch of the public service. 4;sa ■sfe^-" The NKtt Stka.vi Vai hi, Thb Ci.koi'ai , on Toxonto Bay. THK S PORTS OK 1893. A GENEKAr. KKVIEW OK IHE WOKI I) OK RACINC, ATH I.KTICISM, AND RIXREATION. llll-. rrRK. \IK Knglisl) turf last yi-ar was niarkod l)y tlie success of Isono- my's son, Isinglass, in secuiing the I'wo Thousand Ouineas, Derby, and St. I.egcr, and adding one more to the small list of '■ t ri pie -c row 11 ed heroes." 'Though Mr. .McC'almont's great horse met one reserse at the hack end of the season, it detracted little from his reputation, as Isinglass was adunttedly not at his best. Several of the big races fell to horses that had been little fancied, even by their owners ; for example, I he Duke of Portland's .Mrs. lUnterwick in the Oaks. In the CAsarewitcii, the cast-off Red Kyes ran a dead heat with the outsider ('yi)ria; and Lord Dunraven's Molly -Morgan landed the ( !ambridgeshire Stakes. 'Tiie two- year old racing develo[)ed some piomising material for the classic races of 1S54. Lord Rosebery's Ladas, that ran most of the season as the Hampton Illuminata colt, retired with an unbeaten certificate, and now stands a |)rinie favorite for the 'Two i'lioiisand and the Derby. .Matchbo.x, Son o' Mine, Deliihos, and lUillingdon, also showed very high class ; while Jocasta and lin), Meteor Shield, Rojal Victoria Cup, and Cape M.iy tup. \alkyrle 24 1 1 4 o 955 Satinita 36 7 6 I 784 Calluna 36 2 2 320 Navnhoe 18 3 3 o 225 also Brenton Reef Cup. Iverna 25 2 3 c 170' and \alue of private match with Meteor. .MelL'or 2 I o o 105 1 .ais 40 13 14 o 695 \aruna 39 15 9 o S'P \eii(lelta 32 1 1 7 o 495 Creole 22 12 4 o 330 (\istanet 17 4 5 o '6^ Columbine 20 3 5 o 188 dragon 34 23 7 o 448 Dicrdre 34 10 10 o 222 .Molly 29 3 7 o 90 "X'alkyrie" reached New N'ork, after a protracted and stormy passage, to luid no less than four new yachts built expressly for the purpose of defending the America's Cuj), out of which " Vigilant " was finally selected as the champion. Of the others, " C^olonia," a keel craft built by the Herreshoffs for Mr. Archibald Rogers, was in many respects an enlarged " Wasp," and, although a capable boat, proved decidedly deficient in draft for good windward work. As might have been expected, Cleneral Paine could not forego the oppor- tunity of building a cup-defender, and appeared on the scene with "Jubilee," a fin-keel craft, designed by his son. Mr. John B. I'aine, who already had some reputation as a designer in smaller classes. In some of the trial races, "Jubilee" showed herself very fast, but was continually in trouble with spars and gear, which spoiled her chances. She is to l)e thoroughly refitted and raced next season, and is not without friends, who expect great things of her. The third un successful " cu[) candidate" was "Pilgrim," designed and built by Messrs. Stewart iV Burnly, a fin keel of the most extreme type, in beam and displacement no more than a huge canoe. She turned out a decided failure, and proved pretty conclusively that a bulb of lead hung at the bottom of a deep fin will not [)roduce fair working stability unless beam and displacement are used in proportion. " Pilgrim's " fin has been le- moved, and she is being turned into a steanier. I'he chosen cup-defender, "Vigilant," was built by the Herreshoffs for a syndicate of members of the New York Vacht (^hib, headed by (.'ommander Morgan and Mr. ' Hkr b Tmev C»>\ik I Thomas Hi, inks, Piiixt. SrONTS— )ACHT/NG IN iSgj. 1% C. O. Iselin, the latter genlleiiian actint; as managing owner in all the races. In design, " Vigilant " showed the long overhangs and convex water-lines of "Wasp " and "dloriana," a total draft of 14 feet, and a nictal centrchf)ard working through tlie lead keel. In construction and rig, no expense or elaboration was spared to ensure lightness and strength. Tohin I'.rough was used for the bottom (jf the hull, aiyi in raring trim this was polished imtil it rivalled the brass-work on di ck, and to such extra\agnnccs must be attributed some of the rot very large margin by which "Valkyrie" was defeated. Five races, in all, were started, two not being finished within the time-limit. In the tlrst, "Valkyrie" showed a slight superiority m light winds; but in two decisive races, with good working bree/.es, " \ igilaiU " proved the better boat. The final race was filteen miles to windward and return, in .1 young gale, which increased in force before the finish. On the windward work " X'alkyrie " squarely outsailed "Vigilant"; but. when leading on the run back, unfortunately split herspinnaker, blew a second one to rags, and, although a spare balloon jib topsail was set as quickly as possible, " \'igilant " i)assed her and won by forty seconds, corrected time. Tliis settled the ownershi[) of the .Xmeriea's (."uii for another year, at least ; and the time has now gone by for the receipt of a challenge for 1894. " N'alkyrie " wintered in Anieric;ui waters, and will be i)aci'd there doing the coming season. It is expected that " \ igi- lant," "Jubilee," and the old "Volunteer," changed back to a single sticker, will be prepared to meet her Outside of the Cup races, there was nothing of more than local interest in .\n.erican \acbt ing circles — no new racers, and no aitempl to revive either the 40 or 46-foot classes. The World's Fair undoubtedly absorbed much money and interest that would oHiei- wise have been devoted to yachting. On Lake Ontario there was, decidedly, an offseason — no new yachts, except Mr. Jarvis 2ifooter "Thistledown," a short circuit, and a small fleet under the auspices of the Lake ^'acht Racing .\ssociation, and but few entries in the various classes. The 40 foot class was the iiKJSt active of any, there being some good racing between "/elma," "Aggie," and "Dinah," " Zelma ' jiroving herself by all odds the best of the lot in any weather. In addition to <'lub ;in(l asscjciation races, she secured the (Juetn's ('up, the Prince of Wales' Cup, the I.ans downe (Jup, and went to C!harIotte to get the Fisher (Juj), sailing two jjlucky races ''i'.h''" Onward," either of which would have resulted in " /.elma's " favor had not a ridiculous time-limit of si.\ hours for a 30- knot course prevented either of them btMng finished in time. Neither yacht was able to keep a crew awav from business for anothi r race, and the matter is still undecided. .\t the annual meeting of the Lake Vaclit Racing .Xssociation, an im[)ortant change was made in the rules for the measurement of sail-area, the Seawanhaha system of tri- angulation being abandoned in favor of a iiiethod of obtaining the actual area, a much needed reform, in view of the great diversity of rigs in use on the lakes, and the heavy tax on sail area under classification by ( orrected length. There will be some new racing craft on Lake Ontario this coming season. .Mr. A. Ci. Cuthbert has orders in hand for two J5-foolers for Toronto, and a 30-footer for Hamilton ; and a 30-footer has been ordered from Designer Watson, of Clasgow, by Mr. ( ieorge H. (looderham. A new 40-footer is liromised by .Mr. Monck, of the Royal Hamilton N'acht (!lub. .Ml this new blood will animate the existing fleet, and produce some interesting racing. The general \achting prospects in England and the United States are decidi'dh [xior at present. No new craft of any account are reported, and it is almost useless to exjiect a l)risk season without them. The geneial business depression quickly affects so expen sive a ;-|'oit as yachting, and. what is worse, the elalxiiate construction dtmanded in a modern raier has put up the cost to two or three times what it was ten years ago, while adding nothing to the'real value of the yacht when used for any other purpose than racing. This is a very serious matter, and one on which it is dit'Hcult to legislate, or even to suggest a remedy. Obviously, few men can altord to build a yacht of any si/e which, if unsuccessful as a racer, can hardly be turned into a cruiser at all, and in any case will involve a heavy loss. The cost of " Vigilant " and her first season's ex[)enses were over $100,000. .Sport at this price is only for millionaires, for the possible win- nings in nione) are inconsiderable in any case. One good proposal has come frt m .Admiral Montagu, a prominent English yachtsman, fo. some international racing with yacht' to-rating — about 60 feet water line. craft are plenty large enough, and it . to be ho|)ed the experi- ment will be tried. Something of the sort must be done, or international racing will subside, and its benelicial effect on yachting generally will be lost. < < u S/'OHTS AQVATICS~RU(JJiV J-OOTJiALL. 7S .\(.(r.\rn >. I lie fust raiainuiid Sculls. July H), CI. {'4. H. Kennedy won the Wingtield Sculls at Henley, and amateur championshi|), V. Nii'kalls second. Se|)teinl)er 25, '1'. Sullivan heat (1. ISuhear for the l'",nglish championship. The season was a busy one in Ameiica, both for professionals and amateurs. I'he .\ustin, Tevas, regatta was lield June 7-10. The open scullers' race, three links with a turn, was won by J. ('■. Ciaudaur; H. (i. reterson. second; James Stanbury, third; I'.dward Hanlai), fourth ; John'I'eemer, fifth : R. Rogers, sixth. 'I'he time was ii).o6, the f.istest recorded for the distance. .\t the same regatta, o\er the same course, daudaur and Hcjsmer won the d(juble sculls, Hanlan and Teenier second, McLean and Ten Kyck ihird. The consolation sculls were won b> Teenier ; Ten l^yck, second. July 24, Jacob (iaudaiir defeated Hanlan ;r Orillia, Out., in a three-mile with a turn, t. ir $ 1 ,000, and the championship of .\iiierica. 'I'he time was 19.5,^ Stanbury returned to .\uUralia, September 17, sailing from N'ancouver, \'>.(]., on that date. The regatta of the Canadian Association of .\mateur Oarsmen was held at Hamilton, .\ugust 4 and 5. .\ violent rain and wind storm interfered with the concluding day's sjiort, but the affair was a success, never- ihfcLss. The winners were : Senior double, \'esper, Philadelphia ; junior double, .Vrgo- luiut, Toronto; senior single. lv.\ Thompson, .\rgnnaut; junior single, J. Rumohr, Toronto; ■-enior four', I )ons, Toronto; junior foui, Tecumseh,\\'alker\ ille ; senior pairs, 'I'oronto. I'roin Hamilton the oarsmen went U) DetHjit, where, during the week following, the annual regattas of the N..-\..\.(). and the N(jrtlnvestern .\ssociation were held. The lirsl-named iissociation's legatia was held August 10 and 11. 'I'he regatta was only fairly successful, as the elements were unfavorable. 'I'he winners were : Senior single, J. J. Ryan, 'Toronto: junior single, \\'. 1'^. Paine, 'Toronto ; senior double. Star, lUiffalo ; junior fours, NVyandotte ; senior jiairs, Detroit ; international fours, N.\'.A.C. 'I'he Northwestern's regatta winners were ; Senior fours, .\rgonaut ; junior fours, Minne sola; senior pairs, Detroit; junior pairs, Toronto; senior single, K. Hedley, Pa.ssaic ; junior single, J. Rumohr, 'Toronto; senior double. Star, Buffalo ; tandem canoe, Argo- naut ; single caiio(\ R. (i. Munt/, Argonaut. The Take (ieiieva regatta was held .\ugust 17, iS, and II). 'I'he senior singles were won by !•:. Hedley, Passaic ; senior fours. Argo- naut ; half-mile canoe race, R. G. Munlz, Argonaut ; tandem paddle, H. Vi. Muntz and !•'. H. 'Tliom[>son, Argonaut; senior single, (|uartei-mile dash, E. Hedley, Passaic, KOOTBALl. — RUlillV RUI.K.S. During the p:ist year, none of the manly games has been the subject of more adver.se criticism in the United States than has football, as played under the Intercollegiate rules ; while in Canada, during the season of 189,5. there was an almo.st entire absence of unpleasant incidents, or unfavorable com- ments. 'The season was, in every respect, a most successful one, and throughout its course the merits of the game were brought more and more into prominence. In an article which ai>peared in a recent number of the \ort/i Amcrioin Review, by two well- known professors of the University of i'enn- sytvania, the merits of the game are stated, and the benehts that may be got from play- ing it described, in a concise and interesting manner. 'The following passage may be a[)propriately quoted ; "We know that in every position in life which a man can occupy a fairly-developed frame is of great advantage to him ; that, uc/eris f^arilms, the man who possesses health is able to do better work than his rival who lacks it ; that health includes in its very essence the idea of a certain amount of strength ; and that, to acquire health and strength and the full development upon which they depend, exeri;i.se is essential. We know that, however admirable systems of collegiate gymnastics may be (and we are firm believers in their value), they often fail in supiil)iiig the mental stimulus which in comi)etitive athletics react so beneficially on the grosser tissues. Just as certain areas in the brain and spinal cord atrophy after the lemoval of a limb, so do all the centres presiding over movement grow and develop when varied exercise is taken, and with them the coordinate centres tliat control the higher cerebral functions. 'The more varied the exercise, and the more it awakens interest and brings into play the mental faculties, the more beneficial it is to the mind and body reciprocally. 1 ■"■'4. • y ( '*:t'*«!f J - < 1 i -1 T-* ^iK^jny '. 1W r .'! ^^I'Wyi'"^''^ ' 1 ilk l V mm ffii I •J ,1 ■■) l«*ll I I • SJ'Oh'TS ()/• /.sVj- '• U'r Icrl -^urt- lliat these propositions are dciiioDslrahly true. 'I'heir api'iication to loot ball seems to us obvious. I.ct us rej^ard I tercollcgiate athletics as supplementary to a well devised system of physical education, such as ought to exist at eveiy university and college. Tlu' noteworthy contests (exclusive ol' traik athletics wliich tend to develop specialists ui whom one set ol muscles is over dc\ eloped, hut which are oi undoubted value to the student body) are those which take place on the river, the baseball field, the tennis court, and cricket ground. Which nf them best fulfils the reipiireineiits of an ideal exercise? '• Rowing, as practised today, develops cliieny the muscles of the i)ack and hips ; it does little for the front arm, ptaclically nothing for the pei loral muscles. Ilasiball makes but liitle demand on the left arm, or on the left side of the chest. Oicket .\m\ tennis are also usually ' right sided ' g.imes. Noneoflheni is to be c()m|)ared with foot liall in the direction of bringing c// muscles into play. .'\nd, moreovor, in none of them, except rowing, is the i)reliminary training, so valuable in strengthening the great iiuolun tary muscles, those of the heart and dia- phragm, observed with anything like e(pial sirictness. "Certainly, whate\er physical good can be nceived from any "orm of college athletics can bt ol)taine'J from football ; while, above all, the game lends to develop self-control, <:oolness, fertility of res(>urce, and promptness of execution in suo'den emergencies involv- ing, perhaps, personal danger. In other words, no known game comi)ares with foot- ball in the develoiJinent in the individual of those (pialities which, while they are s mie times s|)oken of as the ' military virtues,' are of enormous value to their possessor in all the struggles of life. A further advantage of football over the other forms of college athletics is that it api)eals to a much larger proportion of the men. I'o those who think that bloody noses, torn cars, blackened eyes, bruises or sprains, or an occasional scalji wound.are mighty tvils, the gamemust always be an objectionable one; but to those of us who belie\e that in the life of a boy the occurrence of injuries not severe enough to leave permanent traces is not necessarily an evil, Init often even a positive good, Ijy encouraging fortitude, manliness, and high spirit, the qucsticni as to the danger of foot- ball in our colleges is only to be answered l)y absolute statistics." The above very excellent defence of the much-maligned game is made in reference only to the American development of it, HUilliY I'OOTIiAl.r. 77 but it applies e(|ually well to football as played under Canadian rules. And it is satisfactory to know that Canadian football has all the merits, .and few of the demerits, of the American game. It seems, in fact, as if in Canada a hai)py mediuir. had been reached, and that both the English gann; (which, under the inlluence of conservative ideas, has remained practically unch.inged for many years), .md the American game (which lias undergone a too exiensivt- process of evolution), were both about to be re modelled, and that Canadian methods and rule-, were going to be taken as the subjects of imitation. 'I'he idea of the game which prevails in some |)arts of Kngland may be gauged by the fact that not Icjiig ago a ci-rtain circuit of the L'niteil .Methodist i'ree ('hurcli assembled and pas.^ed tlie following resolu- tion : "That this meeting deeply deplores the many terrible deaths resulting from the game of football, and urges u|)on Her Majesty's (loverninent the great importance of so amending the law as to make it a capital offence for one man to kick his fellow to death on the football field." I'-ven the Muse has mt been silent on the subject, and the following lines, from a song entitled " The Halfback's I'arewell," may be read seriously, or with a latent smile of amused skejjticism : " When Autimui le;ues arc- f.illiii(;, AikI Nature- dmh llie >,()iil c-iuiir.nll. We may not meet again on earlh, love, I'm (.'"'"K 1" l'''iy foolliall. Farewell, and perhaps forever ; I'm goiny lo play (oolliall." The season of 1893 began under the most favorable conditions, and at its conclusion was put on record as the most successful in the history of the game in Canada. Under the auspices of the two provincial unions, two series of games were played. In On tario the increasing ()opiilarity of the game was marked by the unusually large attend- ance at matches, by the interest displayed more particularly in the towns, colleges, and cities outside of Toronto, and l)y the increased number of clubs competing in the ties. The results in Ontario were as follows : (). k. K. U. TiKs. SENIOR SRKIKS. First Kound- Oct. 7— Toronto ... .32 Ottawa i " 14 -Oltawa 14 Toronto,. 12 " 7 — Queen's .... 13 Ottawa Collejje 23 " 14— (,)ueen's .... 25 Ottawa College 3 7 -Osgoode . . . . 3 1 K. M. C 11 " 14— ( )sgoode. .30 K. M. C 10 " 14 -Trinity defauited to Hamilton. 'N'arsily a liyc. i ; k s 0. SPOA'TS Oh i8i)3 Sl-CDIlll Uilllinl — Oct. 21 - Toronlo . JS Ok^oikU' ,U " 28 -Tnrmilo 21 Osjjoode IJ " 31 (,)ufi.'ii'< 27 'N'ftr*!!)' " " 28 <.)iicen'« 6 'Varsiiy 15 Thiril Round Nov. 4— (^)iiei'n'H 27 I lamillnn I J Tiiriiiilo ii liyi", Kinals— Nov. 1 1 - <^)iieen's 28 Toronto 3 Nov. 18— i,)iit'en's 27 Toronto 1 Canadian Chiinipion^hip Nov. aj— Queen's 29 Montreal 11 INIKkMKKlATK SR-.IKs. h'irsi Round ■ Oct. 7 -Trinity II .12 Toronto II 6 " 14 -Toronto II 47 Trinity II n " 7 l.ornes 14 Si. tJalliarine-. 5 " 14 -St. Cathnr'.s. 20 Lorncs J " 7— London... 16 IVtrolen 8 " 17 London . . . I } IVlrcdca 13 K.C.I. detaidli-d to (,)uecn's H. l'eterl>oroiinli difiiullcd to ( tsgootk' II. '\ arsity II. a liye. Second Rouml Oct. 21 -Hamilton II. deraullcd to London. " 21 -Osgoodell. .2.) '\arslly II 9 " 21 Toronto II.. 2 (^)Heen'.. II 10 St. Catharines a bye. Third Round — Oct. 28 Osgoode 1 1 . . 44 tjuecn's II 4 " 28 -London 39 St. Catharines. 5 Final — Nov. 4--OsgoodeII . . 11 Lond(-n 7 II'MOK S15K11.S. First Round -- Oct. 14 '\'arsity III. . 54 Lorncs 1 1,. . 4 K.C.I. II. defaulted to <,)ueiii's III. London II. and Ilamiltcn III. byes. Second Round — ( »(t. 28 'Varsity III . .27 (^)ucen'slll 4 " 21 -London II . o llanii!ti>n III 20 Final — .Nov. 4— Aarsily III .19 llaniiUonlll 9 Tlie plan of playing home ami-home ^nmt's in the first, second, aiv' final rounds of the senior series was an innovation which proved to he an excellent one. J'Ik' fifteen from Q^ueen's University i)layed admirable football throughout, and the congratulations which were tendered them after they had won the provincial ciianipionshi|) were in their nature sincere and well deserved. The game in which most interest was disi)l.iyed was that l)etween the future champions and Toronto, played on November 1 1, and resulting in the very unexpected defeat of tlic latter. In Kingston, on the following .Saturday, liic 'I'orontos were again beaten, and Queen's on Thanksgiving Hay journeyed to Montreal, to win there, before a great RVCnV lOOTIiMI.. 79 mas- of shouting and e\' itcd humanity, the title to the I haiiipionshii> of Canada. 'I'lie game was played on the grounds of the M..\.A.A. with the Monlieal fifteen, the champions of (^)ttebec, and was an excellent exhii)ilion of scientific football. In the evening a banquet was tendered the visitors bv the Montreal .\thlitic .Association. 'I he decisive game in t^iueen s struggle for the championship was undoubtedly that which was played in Toronto on the Kosedale .\thlclic ( irounil. The following poetic reference to it, the latter part of which is (Queens tiaelic war < ry, appeared in 'riie Toronto Mail on the following Monday ; Ills chicks are etched in Rosedale mud, 1 lis eyes arc um loo few ; His nose is warped, bis front leelli ^"I'e, His skull is fracliireil, both ears torn, His arms are bandafjed, loo. A crulch supporls his crippled wei^iht, .\n(l his anatomy Sublracls now from the maxiniMm Two broken libs, a joinlless thumb, Ami hn(;ers all biil I'lree. And as he limps his sad way oul, I pon ihe air is borne the shnul Thiit gathers voliniic on the (ly, .\nd ilrowns all else save lliis one cry : "(^)ueen'sl '^liieeii's: i^hieen'sl "Oi|.|hij;h na lianri(;hinn ^;u brath 1 "Clia jjheill I cha yhcill : i ha jjheill ! "( )illhi(.di na Iianri(;hinii gu liralh ! "(ha n'heill ! cha gheiU I cha gheill 1 ' In the intermediate series there were eleven teams entered, and eleven matches jilaved. The Osgoode eleven, which held the junior championship in the [jreceding year, won the final at London, from tiii' London fifteen, by a score of twi'iity-two to seven. In the junior series there were six entries, and the 'N'arsity III. finished with the coveted honors. In (,)uel)ec the season of i8y,^ was also an eminently satisfactory one. 'I'he greatest interest was evinced over the games between .\It:Ciill. the Mritannias, and the Montrealers. Next season it is probable that the Union will enlarge its membership by the admission of the two Ottawa clubs. 'I'hc annual meeting of the Ontario Union was held on December lo, and was, in every respect, a satisfactory one. The officers elected were as follows : ['resident — H. R. Orant, (^)iieen's Univer- sity. i'irst Vice President — H ton. .Second Vice-I'resident O.sgoode Hall. Secretary-Treasurer — R goode Hall. I'yxecutive Committee -— Messrs. Osier Royal Military College ; K. Chadwick, Trinity University ; Ceorge Ciayes, Toronto P. Dewar, Hamil- W. J. Moran, K. Harker, Os- X u ASSOC/. I J '/O.Y FOOTBA LI ~ CKICKE T. 8i University: N. H. l)ici<, 'I'oiDiito ; A. F. R. Marun, Osgoodc Hall ; A. i!. Cunningham, Kingstfin CM. The meeting of the (Canadian Union followed, and the reports submitted there- were equally satisfactory. The officers chosen were: President — Mr. .\. H. Kerr, 'lorcinto. Vice-I'rei^ident — (lorilon McDougall, Mc- (iill. Secretary 'I'reasurer — Alexis .\Iaitin, Ham- ilton. \SSOCI.\riiiN (■■OOlll.M.I,. 'I'he game of .\ssociation football, or, as it has often been termed, the " dribbling code," is not nearl)' as jiopular in Canada as the Rugby game, except in a few districts in Western Ontario. In ilie old country, however, it is essentially the game for the masses : and ir many places in lingland, notably the .Midlands, it has usuiped to itself a popularity that never was a feature of the Rugb;' code. P'or many years Scot- land was pre ennnent : but during the last seven or eight years English clubs have more than held their own, chiefly th'-'"igh the instrumentality of professional players f'-om .Scotland, many of whom are in receipt of large salaries. The game has now reached a state of perfection in England and Scotland that is not likely to be e((ualled in Caniida. There the season liegins in September, and does not close until April, with scarcely a break ; while here about two months in the fall and two more in the spring form the playing season. In s[)ite of this great disadvantage, Canadian teams have reached an excellence that is wonderful ; and this has been proved in mai.y a field in England and Scotland, some six or seven years ago, when a Cana- dian team toured through the old country. For some years, the game in Canada was seen at its best in the town of Berlin and the neighboring district, but now Toronto c:ui hold its own, chiefly bei ause of the University [)layers, many of whom hail from Western Ontario, the great nursery for ex|)onents of the " dribbling code." Berlin iias no longer a team that is able to cope successfiiUy with some of the Toronto dubs, its mantle in this respect having fallen on CaU, Windsor, and Essex. Ill Toronto, the premier organization is the Senior League, which includes two teams at least, the 'Varsity and Scots, who would be worthy oi^iioneius of the Western champions. East year the Toronto t:ham- pionship was won by the Scots, an organiza- tion largely con -losed of old county men. Unfortunately, the 'Toronto champions did not me(!t the w!*.: ■ r of the Western District to settle the cha ,)|)ionship of Canada ; for, though very good clubs are to be found in Montreal, the Dominion championship has always been acknowledged to lie between the winners of the 'Toronto and Western districts, (lalt secured the Western cham- pion.-,hi[) last fall after some very hard games. 'The coming spring season of 1894 will see some grand games ; and as there are no professionals here, nor ever likely to be, the game will always be ilevoid of those objectionable features which have irept into the old country, and which will in time very injuriously ;iffect its popularity. CRIC KKI. A January tliaw, in s[)iteof the disagreeable ai'c(jmpaniments of rain and slush, has its brighter aspects. We instinctively feel that the terrors of winter have been uiore than half conh were changed as every ten runs were niade. The enthusiasm was intense. I'inally, when the excitement was absolutely painful, (.'orner nuule the winning, iiit and the great battle was over, i'.oth men received ovations on their return to the |)avilion. Thus ended, as one of the western ])a|jers remarks, ■' one of the besi- fought-out matches that ever took place in this province." Wimnpeg w.m Ihe third m.itch l)y thirty-six runs. 'l"he new association, '" Manitoba and the Northwestern," had an opportunity to push forward the game, and we have every reason to believe nmch gAod was done. The I'-astiTii .Association was again unable to send an eleven to play against the Ontario Association, and this was generally regretted. The Montreal club was stronger than in the previous season, and on the 2.(.th of May gained an easy victory over Ottawa. Poyes and (ioodwin liutii distinguished themselves by llieir capital bowlmg. The relurn match on the iSth of August, at Ottawa, was won bv the home team, with se\en wickets to spare. .\ local association was lormed at Carleton Place, on the 15th of .\pril, under the name of the "Ottawa Valley Cricket .Association." 'I'he Rev. R. McNair was elected president, and Mr. Pickup, secretary. Matches were arranged between the clubs of .Mmonle. (!arleton Place. .Arnprior, 1 ,anark,and ( )ttawa. We have not yet heard the result of the series, but have no doubt they were much enjoyed. Ontario had an exceptionally busy season. One of the most exciting games is always the one between Ottawa and Toronto. On the 20th of June, the first match was played Toronto won the tos'^, and madi,' 1 5'^> runs in its only inmtigs ; Ottawa respmided with .jf) anil yt;, thus losing tatlier badly by an imnngs and 31 runs. For the winners, Mr. Terry made 63, not out ; l''leury, 29 ; (ioldingham, 14 ; and McLaughlin, jo. In CJttawa's first innings, Laiiig took 5 wickets for 12 runs. Tlie Ottawa prtjfessional, .Sheppard, made the second innings rather atlracliv(,' by a capital dis[)lav of batting. His score of 30 was well compiled. The return match was played at Ottawa in July, Toronto making 106 and 64 for 6 wickets, while Ottawa made 65, only having one innings. (Ioldingham played capital cricket for his 44, which was the highest of the match. The season of 1893 was remarkable for the number of tours taken by the various ( hibs, 'Toronto, Rosedale, Hamilton, Lon- don .\sylum. Last 'Toronto, and Parkdale being |)articularly prominent, the lastnamed club coming quite to tlie front. .School cricket was as interesting as ever, the annual game between 'Trinity College School and Upper Canada College being wim by the eleven from Deer I'ark, princi- pally owing to Waldie's fine display in the second innings of the College. His 44 were |)ut together by str(mg, aggressive batting. 'The prettiest inning of the match, however, in the (jpinion of niany who were present, was Camble's 16 'run out) for the School. His graceful forward play was, indeed, delightful to look upon, and all were sorry to see him get bad!y run out. 'The Inter Lhiiversii^ mrl; n was won by 'Trinity with nine wickets to sj)are, the score being : Trinity 102 and 10 for one wicket. Torunln . 26 and 85. .S[)ace will not allow the large number of matches [ilayed in Ontario t(i be reviewed in this brief summary of the seasoi 's doings. Toronto was, without doubt, the strongest club in the [irovince. Londcni .\sylum, Chatham, Hamilton, Rosedale i'arkdale, luist 'Toronto, 'Toronto Junctioi\, London, ( luelph, Peterboro, P.iris, Hrantford, Calt, Orimsby, Infantry School, Cobourg, Sar- nia, Berlin, Prampton, Norway, Riverdale, Forest, Oakville, Aurora, Bishop RidTey College, Barrie, Pickering, Belleville, Picton, ()rillia, Kingston, Deseronto, Ni.Jgara Falls, Xapanee, Port Hope, Bracebridge. Welland, Merritton, Lincoln, W. A. Murray iV (Jo,, Cordon Mackay ('Toronto), McMastcr (To- ronto), ("ampbellford, Stirling, Port F'lgin, Owen Sound, Markhani, Brantford, Tliames- ville, Ridgetown, and Millbrook, ah' i)ar- ticijiated in the game ; and when we iVook over this list, no one can say the game is d\ing out in Ontario. S/'OA'TS (;/ /S(^J'-CA' Centuiii's were niadt- in the province on the following occasions by tlie players whose names are given : N.iiiit ll.Uf, l-.r >vli.il . !iilt. Au lit'*'' »Ii""ii Serf. I. M. l.aiiii;,. Iniic 7 Ti)i.intii .. Tr'nli'l'ilivVhily 1.1.1 v. \V Teiiy Inly 7Packii;ile. limiuford lo) ('.(.(".iililingh 111 July J7 Icionlo.. Roseilale loi F. W. lerry . Ann. g I.oiid'ti Asyl'in Toromo i'>l J. M. I.airiK Aug. 12 'I\jroruo Tor"iilo Jundion h>j' I), L.TIniinpson. Amj. 1;: Kasl Torniil.i. Murray & Co.. ii»>' D. W. Sauiuler'.. Aiii;. l-: (iiielph . . . (lall ill' I. S. liowbanks.. Aug. j 1 Kc>'-i:(lale. . . ( liallialii 107 1). \V. Sanruiers.. Aug. 25 Toinrito ('hathani. - iif'' K. \\'. Terry... S. 1 1,12 Cana*1>^ .-I •'v»- 4, and thus ensure success to what |)romises to be the liveliest season in the liistory of lacrosse. l>Liring the year, a team from \'ictoria, II. ( '., travelled east, and met with success in all the larger cities, beating several of the teams in the Senior League series. ll.A.SKl'.AI.I.. A revival of interest in this at one time poi^ular game is noticeable in Ontario, and it is due, no doubt, in no small measure to the formation of the Canadian .\mateur Baseball Association. 'I'his body came into existence at a largely-attended meeting held in Toronto on April 3. With the disrui)tion of the International League, the ^ame suffered from the lack of a guiding hand. This led to steps being taken tor the formation of the present league, which has in its membership nearly all the i)rominent clubs in Ontario. At the initial meeting of the association, some eighteen clubs were represented. I'liese were divided into six districts, aiulachampion- ship ^chedule arranged on a basis of not less than twelve and not more than sixteen games. The season o[)ened .NLay 24, and closed .Xugust 24. There was a keen struggle for the pennant. Dundas, Lond(jn, Cot)ourg, Lindsay, Oak, Ouelph, and the " Dukes " of Toronto, being well u|) in their dift'erent districts from the commencement of the fight. London linally disposed of Dundas, and Cobourg defeated the Dukes, one of the games between these teams being a remark- able one, Cobourg winning it in the tenth inning, when the only two runs made in the game wtre scored. Cobourg .then defeated London on the former's grounds, but the western club won the second game on their own grounds, and with the honors even ;i third and deciding game was played in 'I'oronto on October 7. Cobourg was the winner, after an interesting, but, at times, loosely-played game, the score of which was 10 to 4. i'he officers of the Canadian Amateur Baseball Association are : Honorary Presi- dent, Oeorge Sleeman, Ouelph ; rrcsident, J. J. Ward, 'I'oronto ; 1st \'ice President, Dr. Brennan, Peterborough ; '2nd N'ice-President, John Sta(-ey, St. 'I'homas ; Secretary I'reas- urer, Cal Davis, Hamilton. Council : M. Kennedy, Toronto ; T. iC. McLellan, Oalt ; M.Smith, Hamilton; B. Cummings,Oshawa; M. McBrayne, Chatham ; J. Simpson, Lindsay; ]. Manley, Toronto; C. N. Oill, Cobourg ; U. Sheerc, London ; J. .\l( tiarry, 'l'(jronto. 'I'lie se( ond championship season of the National League and American Association began April 2 7, and terminated September 30. As in the year jirevious, the Boston club was thewiiiner, I'ittsbiirgh was second : ( Mevcland, third ; I'hiladelphui, fourth : N'ew NOrk, fifth ; Cincinnati and lirooklyn, a tie for sixth ; Baltimore, eighth ; Chicago, ninth ; St. Louis, tenth; Louisville, eleventh; and Washington, twelfth. cvci iN(;. 'I'he year iS(j3 was a notable one in cycling the world over. Records on road ind track, in competition, and against time, were brought d(nvn to figures that, a very few years ago, would have seemed impossi ble. This has been due to imiirovement in pneumatic tires ; to the lightening, to the greates^t pr)s«il)le extent, of racing machines ; to the thorough training and intelligent handling of racing men ; and, in time con- tests, to the reduction of pace-making to a science. While record-breaking was in vogue in all countries where cycling is in- (.lulged in, to American riders is due the credit of the bulk of the figure-clipping achie\ements. Long-distance performances were, [)iincipally, unilertaken by British riders ; while, in the United States, short dis- tance or " sprint " records were those most constantly hacked at. Of the Englishmen, V. W. Shorland, (!. K. Osmond, .\.\\' . Harris, J.W. Stocks, S. O. Bradbury, and A. \'. Linten were more conspicuous for their good work. Meintjes,lhe South African, while in England, did some record-breaking, wliich he after- wards ecli[)sed during his visit to America. I'^arly in the year, Shorland made a new record for 24 hours by covering 426 miles, 440 yards, in the Cuca Cocoa C'up race, and lowered all records from 100 miles to the finish. Hi.-; 24 hour time was, later, beaten by a Swiss, who, at Paris, completed 433 miles in the day. The latter, however, is the professionil record, and has not been generally acce[)ted, even as such. Linton and Wridgewny, respectively, dropped the 100 miles and 12-hour records to 4 hours, 2y mins., 39! sees., and 240 miles. Of ICnglishmen, on the road, the best work was done by Edge, Fletcher, and Hale, the last-named making the present road record for 100 miles of 5 hours, 12 mins., 2 sees. In France, the professionals, Stephane, Dubois, Lesud, and Terront, did the time hewing amongst them. The long-distance feats of Lesud and Terro.U were most remarkable. The former's 24 hour record 88 SPOA'TS OF rS<^j CYC/.IXa. has already Ijeeii rofi.rrcd lo, while the latter covered i,ooo kilometers (621 miles, 640 yards) in 41 hours, 5S mins., 52! sees. The (lerman champion, I.ehr, besiiles creating a new set of time fij^ures for his coimtry, also dabbled a little in world's records. The records against time for from 4 to 10 kilometers in distance are his. One of the greatest performances of the reccjrds were not battered. John S. lohnskm started the ball rolling by riding ; miles in 4 mins., 47 sees.; then \\'. C .Sanger put the mile figure in comi)elition at 2 mins., 14: sees., and, later, at 2 mins., S! sees., while he did two miles, in a handicap race, in 4 mins., 31;.) sees. In records against time the greatest reductions were made. Windle electrified the world by riding a mile, with -H*f*p^ '«■*■ f-s mrJ - '^iv:-. ■.;.'.:. ~.K':iar h 3' I ■.* ToKONro W.\.NI>EKER.',' RaCIMI TEAM, 1893. VV, G. liKNDKR, (;. M. Wki.i.s, J. K. Deeks, C. McQuillan, K. W. \ouni;. year was I,. D. Meintjes' loo kilometer (62 miles, 249 yards) race at the World's Fair meet, when he lowered all competition records from 11 to 62 miles, inclusive. Later, in a trial against time, at Springfield, Mass.y Meintjes made new records for all distances from 5 to 26 miles, inclusive. In the United States, scarcely a race meet of prominence was held in which one or more flying start, in i min., 56* sees.; and Tyler shared his renown by covering the same distance, from standing start, in 2 mins., ': se"S. Later in the season, Johnson eclipsed both records ; but, because he was paced by running horses, his figures were not recognized l)y tiie L.A.W. His time from standing start was 1 min., 58' sees.; and from flying start, i min., 55;-! sees. These, SrOA'TS OF again, as also Johnson's sliorler distance rt;curds, were healen l)y ]. V. IJliss, ol ('hicaj^o, and \V. 1'. Dirnbcrm-r, of liiiffalo, in rciord trials iti Alabama, paccil by ninmng horses. ZininiernKin, while iintiucstionably the jire- niier bicyclist of the year, did little in the way of record-breaking. In his trip abroati, he cleaned everything before him in I'rancc, Scotland, and Ireland, but was debarred from compt:ting in the N'.C.A. champion- ships by the refusal of that body to grant him a license. Second to /immernian, l)rol ably the greatest rider of the year was W. ('. Sanger, of Milwaukee. His most important achievements were the capture of the mile, N.C.A. champi(jnship ; his mile com]ietition record ; and his victory over /innnerman, in Detroit, and, sul)se(]uently, at Springfield. Zimini'rman's admirers, iiow- ever, felt that he was not beaten on his merits, so a meeting between the two at the World's Fair tournament was eagerly awaited. Unfortunately, on the first day of the meet, Sanger fell and injured himself so severel)' as to prevent his meeting with Zimmerman. J'oUowing Zimmerman and Sanger, in piomi- nence and accomplishments, came W'indle, Tyler, Johnson, Bliss, and Dirnberger, about in the order named. Some idea of the success of the princij)al American racing men will be gained from the following table : PNI/ES ^VON. «T .11 \ aliie uf Name ist. 2110. jril. p^:.,. A. A. /imiiierman., loi S j $i5.cwo W. (.'. .Sanger 22 7 4 5,cxX) H.C.Tyler 27 12 4 5,000 W. W. Wimlle 16 15 17 3,500 J. S. Jiihnsdn 82 26 10 10,000 I. P. Uliss 36 46 41 6,300 \\. I-'. Taylor 16 2; ii) 4,200 II. .\. (lithens . . . . S 21 10 2,000 M. !•'. Dirnherger 41 ^2 l^ 4.200 K. C. Hal.l .... 35 16 12 .5,6.,''> {;. A Hanker 47 24 12 2,000 A. \V. Warren .... 21 iS 13 2,650 E.A.Nelson 30 iS 15 3.500 On the road few reccjrds were lowered. H. H. Wylie made a record from (Chicago to New \'ork of 10 days, 3 hours, ,^5 minutes, and E. C. Yeatman covered 311 miles on the road in 24 hours. J. W. l.inneman twice broke the 100-mile road recc^nl, and I'Vank Waller made a new 25-mile road record. During the year, the National Cycling Association, a cash prize league, was formed. Amongst the converts to its ranks were H. C;. Wheeler, 1'. |. Jierlo, C. W. Dorntge, A. B. Rich, W. W." Taxis, C. M. Murphy, and others. The first year's existence of the association was not a successful one. The attendance at its meetings was not uji to /Sgj-C)C/./\a, 89 expectation, there were noi sufficient riders of prominence in its ranks, and the season closed with the asso( iation many thousand dollars in arrears. The year was productive of good results and record-breaking feats in Canadian cycling. The two (ir thrie provincial meets of former yeais weri; increased to ujiwaids of twenty lirst-clas^ tournaments, with costly prizes, large fields, and keen racing. Commencing early in August and lasting throughout the month, an Ontario circuit of twelve race meets was the means of bringing to light numerous promising di-hiitunti, and of giving a much needed experience to many older riders. Road races also became more fre- quent, many race-meet promoters giving a road contest as a side issue to the other. .After the ( anadian championship meeting at Sarnia, on July i and 2, two of the most important events of the year were the second annual (^ueen City road race of 20 miles, held on the Kingston road, near Toronto, earix in the summer : and the Athen;vum L'ycling Club's National road race, held over the same course, in the autumn. In the former, there were 17.? entries and i,?i) starters ; and in liie latter, 204 entries and i6fj starters. The record of 1 hour, i mm., 43 sees., made by A. T. Crooks, of Buffalo, in the (jueen City, was reduced Kj 1 hour, 20 sees., by \\'. M. Carman, of Toronto, in the National. Out of the last race arose a match race over the course betWv»en Carman and W . R. Hensel, who was only 20 seconds behind Carman's time -in the National. Carman won on the track. The chief honors fell to Will Hyslop, of the Toronto Bicycle Club, who captured all five of the (Canadian championshi[)s at the Sarnia meet, and was the principal winner at many of the other large meets of the season. His most dangerous competitors throughout the year were W. M. Carman and L. D. Robertson. Athenieum Cycling Club ; C*. C. Harbottle, his own club mate ; W. Nicholls, Hamilton Bicycle Club; and, towards the close of the season, I''. W. Young, Wan- derers' Bicycle Club. All those mentioned ivere prominent wiimers on the circuit. Oth'.r track riders who made a name for themselves and gave [)romise of future brilliancy were H. D. McKellar, T. W. C^adyle, A. M. I. yon, S. Y. Baldwin, and J. E. Doane. of the Athenieuni B.C.; W. (]. Bender, |. F. Deeks, F. Bendelari, H. 1.. Daville, "C. Mc(,)uillan, R. J affray, of the Wanderers' B.C.; M. R. Ciooderham, F. B. Culletl, W. H. Fee, and J. Miln, of the Toronto B.C.; O. Mcllroy, F". S. Cordon, C. McKay, and S. .\ikens, of the Hamilton 90 B.C.: 'i'. W. .McCarthy, K. R. McKarlaiu', and W. N. RobtTtsoii. Stratford ; C. Manvillf, and J. !•'. and ( '. H. White, London ; U. (). I!layni-y, Siniioe ; J. l.ann, lUantlord ; \V. Devinc, St. Thomas ; II. I'olion. (iait; \V. R. Ht-nscl, I'. I'mttiir, S. H. CiihlHin-!, and SrOh'TS 01' 1893 CYC I.J SG. Wells, tile Wanderers' cracker-jack, was away from ( 'anada during most of the year, hut, upon his retiirnin the aiitunm, he demonstrat- ed that his chani|ii()nshi|i form of i8i;2 had not deserted him. I'nno trials against time were made hy Canaihan riders at the close of «CJ C. C. Hariiottlk, Mk. GOOUEKIIAM, I'oKONTo H.C. Racin<; Team 1893. \V. Hysi-oi', J. Mii.N. (I'r.-iiiler), K. H. (it'll. Ei ( ). Rolston, Royal Canadian B.C., Toronto ; L. Rowen and W. F. Mitchell, Cuelph ; E. O. Sliter, Kingston ; ('.. E. Stellings and D. S. l.ouson, Montreal ; W. B. I'arr, C. Harvey, and E. A. I, a Suer, Ottawa ; C. S. Schultz, Essex ; J. A. Reid, Aurora ; B. P. Corey, Petrolea ; A. E. Schmidt, Waterloo, E. J. P. Smith, Toronto and numerous others. C. M. the racing season. In the first, W. R. Hensel made new records from 6 to 1 1 miles, inclu- sive. In the second, W. M. Carman wi[)ed out Hensel's figures, and continued the good work to 25 miles. Both trials were made on Rosedale track, Toronto, and in both the conditions were unfavorable and the pacing indifferent. The appointment of official IS away ir, but, )nstrat- )2 had St time ;lose of diensel iriclu- wiped ; g 1-5 h " " Sept. 14, 189;;. U.43 i-s 7 " " " " . 1*5.05 4-s 8 " " i8.cfi I-, 9 " " It •( ^ 20.4b 3 s 10 " ■ " *' . 23.04 2 5 15 " ' " *' . 34-37 ao " " II It ^ 46.07 ■>5 " " H t 1 57'4o 3S aft " " '* " . S9-5'-» "'S World's record made against time (flying start) — Indi-penclemc, la. -Juliii S. Johnsun, Nc\ . 10, 1893; 100 y:3riK in 5 2-5 sees. Indepciultrnt', la. -Jolin S. Johnson, \ov. 10, 1803; 's mile in t2 1-5 sees. Inileiiendenre, la. John S, John.son, Oil. Ji, 189J; ]i mile In 24 2-5 sees. Independence, la. — John .S. Johnson, Nov. 10, 1893; li mile in 34 3-5 sees. Independence, la. -John S. Johnson, Oct. 30, 1893 ; .'i mile in 55 sees. Independence, la. — [olin .S. Johnson, Nov. 9, 1S93 ; 3 J mile in i min. 16 sees. Sprin«held, .Mass. -\V. W . Windle, Oct. 11, 1893: ^i mile in I min. 26 5-5 sees Sprintrfield, Mass. — \V. \V. Windle, Oct. 3, 1893 : I mile in 1 jnin. 564-5 sees. Records not accepted by the l,.A.\V^ — San Jose, Cal. -VV. J. Kilwaids, Dec. 7, 1893 '• 'oo yards (standinp start) in 8 35 sees. Nashville, Tenn. — M. V. Diinber^er, Nov. 15, 1S93; 100 yards (Hying start) in 5 sees. 9» IH93 % l«93 i Vs 1893; h Nov. '5. i.s.)3 fi Nashvillf, Tenn. -J. !'. lllis>, No\. 15, mile (sianding -taili in 16 45 sees. Nashville, lenn. J. I'. Hliss, Nov. 15, mile (siandjng start) in 38 1-5 sees. Na:.hullc, Tenn. -J. 1'. Hli.>s, Nov, 15, mile (standing start) in 5(1 35 see s. Niishvillc, Tenn. M. !•'. Dirnlierger, l8<)3 : '2 mile (Itying start) in 54 see.-.. Ulnningiiam, .Ma. J. 1'. Hliss, |)ec. 12, mile (standing siarl) in I min. 17 sees. Hiiminghaiii, .\l,i. M. 1'. Dirnl.erger, Die. 12, 1893; '1 mile (llying start) in I min. 1225 sees. Ilirniiiigliam, Ala.— J. I'. Hliss, Dee. 12, 1893; }^ mile (slanding start) in I min. 2tt 25 .sees, liirininghaiii, Ala. - .M. 1'. Ditnlierger, Dec 12, 1893; ,'4 mile (dying start) in I min. 21 34 sees. Hirmingham, .Ma.- J. I'. Hliss, Dec. 12, 1893: I mile (slanding start) in I min 58 25 sees. Hirmiiigham, .\la. M. K. Dirnherger, Dee. 12, 1893; I mile (Hying start) in 1 min. 51 sees. ■American toad rec(jrds (competition) 10 miles, J. \Villis, 27 mins. 26 sees.; 15 miles, W. H. Hurlhtirt, 43 mins. 18 sees.; 20 miles, W. H. Hiirlljiirt, 57 mins. 46 sees.; 25 miles, F. Waller, 1 hr. 6 mins. 10 sees.; 50 miks, V. A. Foell, 2 hrs. 32 mins. 20 sees.; too miles, J. W. Linneman, 5 hrs. 48 mins. 45 set s. .\merican road records against time — .New \'ork to Chicago- II. II. Wylie, June 1726, 1893 ; 1,028 miles in to days 4 hrs. 39 mins. (hieago to .Milwaukee — K. I'Ibricht, Nov. 4, 1893; 96 miles, 5 hrs. 46 mins. 3 sees. Twenty-four hours — K. C. Veatman, Nov 15, 1893; 31 1 miles. C'hicagfi 10 New \'ork (hy sevenly-'-ix relay-.), May 18-23, 1892 ; 976 miles in 4 day> 13 Ins. 8 mins. English records against time — 'Ihe fcjllow- ing records against time were all made at Heme Hill, being from standing start, exce|)t the first, Harris' (|uarter : OisliiiKf, N;iiiK'. h.il.^. I line. % mile A. W. Harri> Sept. ja, 1891. .a; i-s '/, " P. W. Brown " •• . .3a 4-5 '/i " K. Ci. Hrailliury. June 15. '■ . i "3 i-s }i " ..E. Pope Scpl. a8, " . 1.33 a-5 I " . . " " " ■ ^07 ■■'■5 a ** . .G. K. Osmond. .. Auj;. 19, '" . 4.a4 a-5 t " J. W. Slocks Aug. 30, " . 6.553-5 4 " " " " • '<'4a-5 5 " ■• " " " • ■l-3'i4-5 n. " . . " " " . a3.ao ao " . " " " . 47-<7 3-5 25 " . . " •' " . 59-'><> «-5 50 " . ■' " " . JM5.45 45 luokilo.. *' " *' .3:43.033-5 English records (competition) — (^luarter-niile (Hying start) — E. Pope, June 17, 1893 ; 29 1-5 sees, hive miles (1. K. Osmond, July 8, 1893 ; 12 mins. 31-5 sees. Ten miles- I, . .S. .Meintjes, July 8, 1893: 24 mins. 14 2-5 tecs. One hundred miles — A. V. Linton, July I, 1893 ; 4 hrs. 29 mins. 39 1 5 sees. Twenty-tour hours (bicycle) — F. .Sliorlaiul, July 22, 1893 ; 426 miles, 440 yards Twenty-four hours (tricycle) - K. T. Hidlake, July 22, 1893; 410 miles, 1,110 yaids. . ... . .. '^ 1- .. . IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I tiiilM 112.5 - IM 2.2 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 •4 6" — ► "/a & /} ^l 'e^. c / >«^ Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 &?- '^%.M ■^^"ia 'ii..'Mi f s < a: SPORTS oj-i^ipj—CYc/./ya, howling. CANADIAN KKCORDS (Comif.tition). % milelC. C 'A ''2 . Ilarlxitl^t- JohnsDji J 4 10 IJ. S. !•'. y. Osmond .... Wllyslop A. A. /iiimurnian . |VV. M. Carman . . . <;. .\I. Wells \V. Ilyslop G. M. Wells ■A. W. I'almer t;. M. Wells. (Hying) (Myi'iK) .}0 2-S • • • Owen Sdunil . . . Au^. ajrd, 1803 ■ Jj I-S Tdronto . . . . .Sept. JJrd, 1S9J; 1.05 45 Sarnia July 1st, 1893 1.07 2-5, Toronto \ii^. 30lh, 1893 2.24 1-5 .. . . Montreal Aug. 26ih, 1893 S'OJ 25 Sarnia Ant;. 17th, 1802 7-3** Stratford Aiij;. 241I1, 1893 11-15 Kingston July 1st, 1892 ii°i 3-5! • • • Toronto Aug. 301I1, 1893 '7'55 4-5i llamillon Aug. 121I1, 1892 21.07 ! " I " i 23.57 4-Si " " ' 27-17 4-5i 30.11 3-5! 93 *f ( ANADIA.N KIX'OkDS (Ai;ai.nsi I i,\ik) I I 2 i 3 ;i 7 8 9 10 II 12 •3 "4 "5 16 '7 18 »9 20 21 22 23 24 25 ile(;. J- W- w. w. w. M- Wells (riying)| .S. Johnson , A. Rhodes I slop .... Rhodes Carman •294-5 2.164-5 4- SO 7.27 10.05 •2-33 1-5 16.183-5 19-04 2-5 21-53 3-5 24-42 3-5 27.26 30.13 33-06 .V5-50 38.39 41-38 44.19 47.05 49-51 52.44 5544 58.3s 4-5 ,61.29 64-31 2-5 67.48 2-5 71-13 i-S Toronto Gne-Houk Record— W. M. Carman, 21 miles, 341.?^ yards. Miseellaneous Records — '.Springfield (Jnehour record : I- .S. Meintjes, Sept- 14, 1893; 26 11. lies, 107 yards. 'Chicago Two-hour record ; I,. S. Meintjes, Aug. 12, '•**93: 45 miles, 1,530 yards. S|trijiglield — I'astest half mile ridden in competition ill a .scratch event ; )■.. ( '. Bald. .Sept. 14, 1893; 1 mill. 3 25 sees. S)>ringlield -Fastest mile ridden in competition in a scratch event; W. C. Sanger, Sei)t- 13, 1893: 2 mins. 1 1 j-5 .sees. .St. I'elersburg to Paris -Charles Terront, Oct., i893': 1,875 miles in 14 days 7 brs. ' Chicago .Vmerican tHcnly-four hour record : I'. V.. .Spooner, July 8 9, 1892; 374 miles, 1,607 yards. Kuropean mile record (standing start) against time — August I.ehr, 2 mins. <> 2-5 sees. One thousand miles on road -l.awiencc Fletcher, 4 days 23 hrs 30 mins. I'astest la)! rare II. \. (iilhens, of Chicago ; two miles in 4 mins. 49 sees. HOWLINd. In addition to the many local iiiat'hes, tliere were two important bowling tourna- ments in 1893, in which Ontario clubs participated. The first, on July i 2, was the contest for the Walker 1 rojihy, held on the lawn of the Royal Canadian Vacht Club, at Toronto Island. The second was the Annual I'ournamentof the Ontario Howling Associa tion, held on the grounds of the *^)ueen's Royal Hotel, Niagara. A larger lawn than that of the Royal Canadian Yacht t!lul) would ofitr more con venience for a tournament, but in no other respect could it be improved on. Away fro'.i the heat and dust of the city, almost surrounded liy Lake Ontario and Toronto II! lAKVrs Srilf«l. lOHIlNTO, IN Si MMf.K Mta SJ'OA'2'S OF 1893— BILLIARDS, CURLING. Hay, it is always green and fresh, while the club-house offers every convenienee to the players in the matter of dressing; rooms and refreshments. The morninj; of July \z was line, and when play hej^an rinks were present from the following clubs ; X'ictona, R.C.Y.C., (iranite, and Prospect I'ark, of Toronto; I'histle and \'ictoria, of Hamilton ; and fr(jm the Kingston and Helleville < lubs. I'lay continued over the next day, but was stoj^ped by rain in the afternoon, and tinished on the third day, the Walker Trophy being won by the Kingston club. Mc( !lain, of llu: (Iranites, won the consolation pri/.e in the rink Cf)ntests ; Dexter and McKay, of the Hamilton Vic- torias, won the do>d)les ; and I'. Scott, of the Granites, won the singles. (^n .Vugust 23, rinks from the same chibs met at the (^lueen's Koyal Hotel, .Niagara on- t he Lake, for the amuial tournament of the Ontario Howling .Association. A rink from Mitchell was also present. Play wa;; on the commodious grounds of the hotel, and excellent weather favored the contestants. The Association Trophy was won by the Victoria club. The annual meeting of the asscjciation was held, and the following otticers elected for the current year: Patron, Lieutenant-Cmvernor Kirkpatrick ; Honorary President, Col. .Sir (J. (izowski ; President, John Harvey: ist Vice President, J. l.ugsdin ; 2nd NicePresi dent, R. McClain ; Secretary -Treasurer, I,. I). .McCulloch ; Executive, (i. R. Hargrafi, E. I". I.ightbourne, (.'. C'arlyle. 1'. (). ( 'ayley, John Oerar, J. 1). McKay. U* H. liiggar, J.W.Corcoran, R. !,. Walkcm, W. Elliott, Capt. Dickson. HII,l.!.\Rl).^. There were several notable conte>ts durnig the year between the k-ading experts of Canada, the United States, and I'.ngland. Jan. 20, (leorge Sutton, of Toronto, defeatetl Joseph (.'apron, of (lalt, for the 14-ineh balk line cliam|)ionship of Canada, and $300 a side, by 300 to 459 ; the game was played in Toronto. A week later these plavers met at the same place, in a straight rail game, for $300 a side, whiisii of Prank Ives, the 95 .American ch.impion,and his match with John Roberts, the English champion, which the former won. 'I'he game was one of f),ooo points, 1,000 points nightly, for six nights, and was played on an Ivnglish table. The match began .May 29, and was played in Henley's (Jinus, London. These experts played a return game, September 18-23, in Chicago, when Ives again won by fi,ooo to 3,303. The iMiglish champion was, however, more fortimate when, on October 2 to 7. in New V'ork Cit), he defeated Ives in an international match, for $10,000 and the gate receipts, by ic,ooo to 8,738. The ICnglish champion then met .Mfredo de Oro, ( tctober i()-2i, in New Nork City, and was defeated in an international pyramid and .American jhjoI match, continuous, by 1,000 to ((24. November 21 25, Jacob Schaefer beat h'rank Ives, in Chic.igo, 4,000 to 3,943, at tlie fourteen-inch balk-line game, for .$3,000 and the gate receipts, 500 |)(jiiits |)er night. ( rKi.iNi.. The principal curling event of the winter in Ontario is the annual competition for the silver tankard of the Ontario Curling .Asso- ciation. In the winter of 1892-93, the primary competition in the various groups had the following winners: Croup 1-1, Oshawa : 2, Orillia ; 3, Hobcaygeon : 4, Waubaushene: 3, (Jollingwood ; <), Hamilton Thistle ; 7, Hamilton X'ictoria ; 8, Toronto, Prospect Park ; 9, Toronto Caledonian ; 10, Woodstock; 11, Calt (Iranite; 12, .Sea- fortli ; 13, I'orest ; 14, Sarnia ; 15, Euck- now : 16, HarristoM. The final competition took place in Toronto in Eebru;iry, 1893. In the first round, Hamilton Thistle beat Orillia. 46-32 ; Prospect P.irk beat Sarnia, 38-33 ; Hamilton X'ictoria beat Collingwood, 39-31 ; Harnston b(;at Woodstock, 41 31 ; Waiibaushene beat (lalt dranite, 36-34. In the second round, Harriston beat 'I'o- ronto Caledonian, 46-41 ; Oshawa beat Hamilton Victoria. 4039; Prospect Park beat Hamilton Thistle, 40-39 ; Hobcaygeon beat W aubaushene, 42-21. In the tliird round, Oshawa beat Harriston, 40 37 ; Hobcaygeon beat Prospect Paik, 42-41. In the final round, Hobcaygeon beat Oshawa, 48-37. The chamjjion rinks were composed as follows: T. McCamus, W. T. C. Hoyd, A. E. Hottum, W. J. Reid, skip ; (ieorge Hell, J. T. Robertson, '!'. Cage, W. Ciidley, skip. In Toronto the city trophy was won by the (iranites, who took straight victories from Toronto and Prospc t Park in the series. 96 SPORTS OF t8i)3 -ATHLETICS. .\tiii,i;tii.>.. The principal athletic meeting of the \car in America was the World's Fair tourna- ineiit at Ciiicago on Septcmlier 16, 1893. There four world's records wjre lowered and one ccjualled, and tlie honor list contained the names of two famous Cana- dian athletes. These were (leorge R. (Iray, who l)roke his best previous record by [Hitting the if)-lb. shot a distance of 47 ft., and (icorge W . Orton, of tlie Toronto Lacrosse and .Athletic Association, who beat Tommy C'onneff in the one mile run in 4 mins. 32 4-5 sees. |. S. Mitchell, of the N.V.A.C., put the 56 lb. weight for height 15 ft- 4/4 ill-; K. U. I'loss, of lioston, made a hop, step, and jump re('ord of .|8 It. 6 in.: and A. C. (ireen, of Chicago, in a pole vault for distance, covered 27 ft. 5 in. In Canada, the great athletic event of the year is the annual meet of the C.A.A.A., which, in 1893, was held in Rosedale, 'Toronto. No records were broken, and the princii)al winners were: 100 yds. run, C. W. Stage, Cleveland A.C., 10 2-5 sees.; 220 yds., C, \V. Stage, .?3 sees.: '4 mile, A. W. (lifford, iMontreal, 51 2-5 sees.; J'2 mile, A. \V. Clifford, 2 mins. 5 sees.; one mile, (!. W. Orton, Toronto I,, and .'\.A., 4 mins. 39^ sees.; two miles, G, W, Orton, 10 mins. 26 sees.; 120 yds. hurdle race, F. C. Puffer, N.^.^.C, 16 sees,; three-mile walk, W, H. Ha/.litt, 'Toronto, 26 mins. 38 sees,; putting the i6-lb. shot (7 ft. run), Iosei)h Cray, Orillia, 39 ft. 8 3-4 in.; throwing 16 lb. hammer, W. Nichol, 'Toronto, 120 ft. 8 in.; throwing 56-lb. weight, W. Nichol, 29 ft. ') I 2 in,; rimning long jump, F, Puflfer, 21 ft, 7 3-4 ill.; ruiming high jumj), A, .Allison, 'Toronto. 4 ft. 10 5-8 in.; pole vaulting, ]. Richardson, Toronto, 8 ft. 4 in. 'The organization (jf, and erection of a palatial building for, the 'I'oronto Athletic Club will undoubtedly greatly benefit Cana- dian athletics in the future. 'The building, which had been upwanls of two years in course of constiuction, is now complete, and open to members. It is a magnificent pile, of modern Romanes(|ue style of architecture, occupying a frontage of 90 feet on College .Street West, by a dcptlijof i 10 feet. One of the best ap[)ointed athletic institutions in the country, its chief interior features are its great gymnasium, 86 feet by 90, with the roof 30 feet above the floor, and its marble flanked swimming bath in the basement,. 80 feet by 24. There are also 'I'urkish, Russian, shower, anil other baths in the basement, in close neigliborhood to all of whiiaking broadly, the event of the rentury) was assuredly that won- der of a city dial arose l)y a gray lake and sate with us a message from tile gods — all tiirougli summer. iSyj was a < rowned year, a ver) king. He gave to the tired old world a gift that rejmenatetl, biightened, heartened her. He left with her a memory tender, keen, beautiful, like the ceasing ot exi|uisite njusic that leaves an echo in the soul— like the refrain of a passion-laden song. It is diffiiMilt to determine wheiue came the inspiration of the World's Fair. It is Diu- of the things destined to be slirouded m mystery. Hosts of persons have claimed the honor of being called the father of the (,"')luml)ian celebration: but, !)eyond reason- able doubt, it was a thought that dribbled into the public niiiul at the lime of the t entennial of 1S76, and took all the more root there from the fact that, although the Centennial was financially a failure, yet it .ittracted such worldwide attention to Ameri can industries that it made the i)ul)lic eager for another trial. 'I'he opportunity for such a trial came with the 400th anniversary of the landing of {^oluml)Us. Here was the tinie, if ever, lo hold a great international meeting : to uivite the world to i (;me and see what a comparativi'ly new country could do ami had ilone ; to <-oine and exjjloit their own arts and industries side by side with those of the mighty .\iiierican continent. And the world came and wondered. Once ihe great Columbian I'air project was mooted, came the question ; Where will it be held? .\ vast murmur arose along the east. This huge exposition must be held in some eastern American city. 'l"he great west was entirely overlooked. I'eople forgot, or were ignorant of the fact, that beyond the /Mleghanies lay tlie great wealth, the natural wealth and i)ower, of ihit vast continent. lUit the West — the hotbed of enterjirise and commercial activity — put forth its voice, and there came a sounding note from Chicago, and immediately the world old and new— burst iyto laughter. 'I'he eastern press fjecame pregnant with gibes. New N'ork newspapers jujinted sarcasm after sarcasm at the audacity of this upstart city of the "wild and woolly West," and the comic i)apers sparkled with liiting jests and absurd cartoons. What did she care for all this, the turbulent city Hy the Michigiin Fake? Nothing. She entered into competition for the pri-^e with her usual energy and force, subscribed her millions, sent her petition to Congress, and won by three \'otes I Then, swiftly, an army of magicians gathered, and there arose on a wide stretch of marsh that edged Fake Michigan a wonder of white palaces, and domes, and HclN. I.VMAN J. (Jai.K, /'lixiiiiHt ('/thaxi' l'.% fuNliiiM. stately buildings. .Architects gathered — at first eager to exploit each one his particular idiosyncrasy ; afterwards jointly, grandly, as one man, resolved to sink their individuality for the sake of one harmonious wliole. With incredii)le swiftness the White City — so-cilled with instant poetry^ flashed into light upon the wild ])ark by the lake ; and the world was invited to come within the gates, walk in the wide ways, and sail over the lagoons, see this wonderful congress of Science, Industry, Art, and Religion, and note the progress of the world from dim prehistorii- ages to the present leaping, pulsing, hurrying moment. 98 THE wo h ins FA IK. The liroad and ficncrous invitation of tlu' American people was responded to niagnilr cently l)y the nations. A liberal allotment of spate in square feet was made to the leading countries, many of winch put up buildings of their own. It is not the [•ur|)ose of this article to enter at length into arid Imes of figures, giving the height and breadth of every building, its i;o-,t, and the number of the exhibits within (a task which would outrival the I lerculeaii labors) ; but some statistics are necessary, anil these we will lightly touch as we pass along. The Wtjrld's (.'olumbi.ui i'.xposition is said by some to have covered 750 acres of ground; by others, <).S4 acres. Whether the lormer or latter figures are correct is a matter of little moment ; certain it is that a v. 1st number of acres were covered bv buildings, and a no less number were laid out m walks, and gardens, and beautiful little lawns. Imiklings of diflTerent sizes and different architecture, but with the e\ce()tion of the Trans portation Building, and the red roof of the Fisheries' Huilding— alike in pure whiteness, like to that of marble, sprang up all over the immensity of Jackson Park. Landscape gardeners gathered and jilanned the exquisite flower beds that were a delight to the eye all through tlu' short summer, and, presently, there lay upon the lagoons an island of roses - a wooded place wliere one wandered lost in a ma/.e of enchantment anil beauty on those soft, sultry nights, when the (lowers Hung their jierfume on the night, and noddt;d time in shadowy places to the music that pulsed divinely through the air from the bands on the distant bridges. To foreign countries alone i,()oo,ooo square feet were allotted, and the applications for spice were many, (iiganlic as was the scheme of the Exposition ; gigantic as was the great Hall of Manufactures — a strui;ture i,6uadrig;i as a crown upon it ; with its slender pillars, white and chaste as the limbs of a Psyche, carved by Phidias ; its archways, through which one could see, on rr.ugh days, the flashing of white-caps in the wild lake beyond, and, on still days, the glint of sunny waters, and the heroic figures the gods themselves— standing along its summit, clear against the sky — stately sentinels lOO THE WORLD'S FAIR. guarding the gateways of tlic world -the worlil that had gathered in the liollow of this cily of liglit. I'or the natii)ns liad gathered. Here were to be found the c hiUlren of the earth. livery country was husy exploiting itself, and proud and light stepping among them came and went everywhere the Domniion of ('anada. Everywhere along the wide ways of this beautiful city one beheld the sign of this land, and everywhere the exhibits of her resources anil manufactures were remarkable and ama/.ing. The world wondered at the products of Canada. I'eople had thought tliat there was but in this country tiiose products which any rich and fertile land is capable of producing with juilicious care and management. They expected a good exhibit of wheat and grain of all kinds, of timber from the vast woods of North America, and, possibly, of certain kinds of live stock; but they were not jjrepared for the magnificent and wonderfully conious display of manu factures, fruit, (lowe.s, transportation, and the arts, made by the Dominion. Well might the Canadian (lag wave [iroudly wherever it was placed I for, from the i'alac of Mines to the beautiful Temple of \x\. that stretched in sim|)le classic grandeur by the lagoi-'ns, Canada stood a wonder to the nations, and a keen contestant for the honors awarded to the successful countries of the world. A space (jf 70,000 sciiiarc feet was allotted to ("anada in the various buildings at the World's Fair, and she filled every foot of it with g(;od things, besides erecting her own building. Close l)y the great tumbling gray lake, where the witle path by the shore made its splendid curve, stood the Canadian Pavilion, a [)retty structure with walls and ceilings of native Canadian woods, and a wide balcony, commanding by far the best view of the lake, ('anada's representative builiiing was manned by representative men -—men who exploiteil her artistic and com- mercial interests, and were untiring in their efforts to place her prominently before the eyes of the gathered nations. Competing with the world, as she was, it was highly necessary to (Canada that her representative men should be men of tact, of foresitilu, of keen business acumen, and a l)eUer selection was never made. The commissioners (or Canada were Mr. (j. R. R. Cockburn, the Hon. Joseph Tasse, and Mr. J. S. l.arke, executive commissioner. The (^)uebec commissioner wasthe Hon. John Mcintosh; and Ontario's commissioner was Mr. N. Awrfjy, M.P.F.; Mr. C. J. Law was commission»jr for Hritish C!olumbia; Senator I'erley for the Northwest Territories. Creat and capable work did these men for Canada, each ac(iuitting himself of his duties with tact and geniality that won for him the phuidits and friendship of all who met him. iUit there were other W(jrkcrs who deserve honorable mention. These gentlemen were Mr. William Smith, press re|)resentative of the Canadian Cioverimient ; Mr. !•'. Howard .'\nnes, of Whitby, ()nt;irio, who, with Mr. Charles W. \'oung, of (jornwall, represented the Ontario jiress. Mil. Tiii>»ns 1;. Hkvan, hint i' ue-l^rtiiiii-Hl i\' thi Hhri •>■< o/ the I'.xhli'tlioH anU iyoai d 0/ AiimiHiitratiim, 'i'he gratitude of the country is due to all these representative gentlenieii and no doubt otliers whose names are not men- tioned here who now, niodestly, ha\e gone back to their homes, content that they have done wiiat they could towards spreading wide through the whole world the immense resources, mineral, agricultural, artistic, of this vast country: this colonial jewel of the Hritish crown ; this teeming and richly- dowered land. Hriefly, then, to speak of Canadian ex hibits : for there is much to talk of, much to be said of the beauty of tliv. White City, of the wonders of it, of its highways and waterways, its tragedies, sublimities, absurdi ties ; much gentle gossiping of summer nights when a glory of light crowned the exquisite while jilaces ; of bright mornings, joyovis with sunshine ; of noeriintntal farms. And with every fresh awanl, every fresh honor, the flag that floated from the roof of the (Janadian Pavilion took a braver fling on the wind, and opposite, from Victoria Mouse, stately iMigi.uid noddeil approbatioti. while a rippie ran through the stout Inion lack. Down in the stock barns, Ontario was written up many times in great letters, always with a string of colors and medals somewhere near. 'I'iiere, one might see old Yankee farmers talking with ("anadians regarding the wonderful ( )ntario Soutluiowns, ( 'otswolds, I.eicesiers; those magnil'icent hackneys and Clydesdales ; those shorthorn and Calloway bulls, that sent the fame of Canada, as one of the flneit stockbreeding grounds of the world, abroad across the ways of the earth. Nor is this a vain boasting. When, exclu- sive of the awards given for dairy [jroduce, and for certain portions of the agricultural machinery exhibits, Canada captured —and this in competition with all the countries, old and new, < f the world — no fewer than 1,1)14 awards (and some remain to be officially announced), the advantages which this country reaped from the World's Fair are ample and considerable. An immense outlay all this cost Canada ; but when one con- siders the [jroininence the country gained by it, the insight she has given t(j the world of her magnificent resources, and the admiral>le manner in which those natural resources have been nourished and cultivated, the work done was good work. Never was money more wisely e\|)eiKled. With what results? I'atiencefor a momeiit, while figures— stolid facts I— s|)eak. Canada won, to her grand credit : In live stock, 450 awards ; in fish and fisheries, 24 ; in horticulture, 65 ; in mines and mining, 67 ; in manufactures, 191 : in ethnology and natural history, 6 ; in fine arts, 5 : in agri- culture, 258. Nor do these figures give the sum total for the agiicultural awards, for agricultural machinery and dairy produce are not set down here, owing to the fluctuations in these from month to month in field and daily trials. So much, and yet more, for Canada. .She, too, with the other nations, will have her share in the benefits that will accrue to all toiintries, to all peoples, from this I'arlianunt of the World. What are these benefits ? Knowledge of the vast movements all over the world of science, agriculture, the arts ; the comparison of her own powers as a producing country with those of all the nations ; the liberality of thought su( h witle knowledge must bring ; the loftiness of mind, the nobility, the I'ourteousiu'ss that commingling of the peoples of the earth must necessarily teach; and if the lesson be rightly read— the ujirooting of all intolerance; the wider toler ation of humanity, because wc, too, are human ; the great charity and love in which the n,iti(jiis should join, because, for every national interest for the progress of com- merce, science, the arts, peace is necessary. .Ml these are the lessons of the great Fair. Fvery country set out to travel all over the world when it journeyed to this vast meeting of the nations. Kach one came to exploit itself, to compare with others, to learn, to travel, it was like the setting out of a young man on the tour of tiie world. Ivach moment a fresh surprise overtakes him ; each moment there is something to wonder at, to admire, to resolve, to emulate. Me is always learning. Me is finding out his own powers to enjoy, to study, to di>. Canada went on the grand tour. She Mk. .Anihonv F. Skkiier<:kk, Trtnsurtr to the Ohrctofs, iVoHifa Fair. learned the extent of her own mighty resources ; she herself was astonished at the eflfect she had upon a world which had regarded her rather as a rural retreat than an active, progressive, cultured country. She learned, in this divine harmony of nations, this human poem of the White City, the present slate of art and science in 103 THE WOKI.IlfS FAIR ivery fu'ld of dcvclopnit'iit, and rt( civcil \\ l)road iind (•(>nii)rt'hoiisivo kiiowltd^e of every particular art and craft, while revcalin^ to a world the wealth (jf her minerals and the magnil'icent yielding powers of her fruitful provinces. Results ' henefits I one could f^o on naming them foie\er ' Hut let us pass from eulogies of country or coimtries, froin facts and figures, and, treading to the sound of nnisi<-, walk through the ways of the classic White ("ity, remem- bering with tenderness its exipiisiii' heauty, its gentle, happy crowds, its sublimity its absurdities. The extraordinary success of the White City was absolutely due to self- abnegation. It was as if the gods came to the earth and asked of men to bury all f)f self and individual ambition, and the fame such might l)ring, and build a treasure-house for the world. And man, for once obeying the gods, the outcome was one exquisite harmony. All human passions, jealousies, feelings, were set aside ; and the eleven architects (prominent men all of them, to whom fame was sweet), the five designers, the various sculptors, color artists, landscape gardeners, all labored, with a self-abnegation that was divine, to make an exquisite some thing that would astonish and fascinate a world. It may be — it must be -that this singleness of jmrpose, this superhuman generosity, this immense sacrifice of self ami all other pettiness, became the soul (jf the White City, for she had one — she lived, she- touched the soul of the meanest of us like a living art, like the throbbing of excjuisile music; she, in a word, took hold of all men -cynics, philosophers, scientists, dullards, the blase, the piltry, the great ; and there is not one living who wandered through her wide ways, who knew the classic grace of her slender columns, the vast hollows of her painted domes, the flashing of wild waters through her curving arches, but was the better for it, the happier for it, the nobler for it, who did not feel his ideal of beauty realized, who to-day is not filled with gracious memories of it ! And, as if to show us we had not (|uite reached heaven, but were yet on the sorrow ful earth, a tragedy sate upon the lips of this fair thing. In this, the White City was like to our grieving, common, worn world-cities. And not in many ways was she like to them. On July II, the terrible disaster known as the Cold Storage Fire took place in the broad noonday, when the ways were crowded. Fifteen firemen and guards lost their lives, and the vast crowd swayed and groaned as it helples.sly watched the brave men leap eighty feet of space, to meet death on the path below. F.vtr after, one niight notice solemn groups standing on the cindered ways near the vast pamied hollow of Adminis- tration groups sobered from their joyous ness for a moment, because, even here, in this city of love, and light, and all joy, pale Death, knocking importunatelv upon the gates, had found an entrance. Hut. drifting always, we i)ass under the wide dome, and out to the Court of Honor, Ah, the wonder of it I Ah, but who and what were this people who could build a thing so fair that the world gaped at the beauty of it ' The zeal of them ! the |)aticnce and courage of this people of the West 1 Was ever before such fragility combined with such strength, such delicacy with such vigor I l.ook at it, this page torn from the Arabian Nights ; this one reality that never fell short of the ideal ! It is the autumn of the day. The sun, strong in his death hour, smiles in one glorious stroke the great dome, jewel- ling its crown; then, in one long line of quivering gold, he beats his way across the ' shivering waters, stopping to kiss the golden woman from brow to heel, and tlings into one mighty shaft of light his dying strength, and the pallid gods (m the wide roof of the Peristyle tremble into a glory of light. I )iana, poised on the roof of Agriculture, leans in an ecstasy towards the stretching white palaces below, and, clear against the dusky blue of the sky, the Hags of the world beat out on a dying breeze. There comes the wait of evening in the air; then dimly, redly, the sun falls into the enshrouding west, and the White City grows chill. 'I'he violet dusk gathers over the lagoons and gardens. Far across the sky a line of light pales swiftly till all the land lies dark. For a moment. Then the great hollow of Administration, holed with windows, sends its dull red eyes peering down at the i)allid city, and now it hangs, the mighty dome, like a jewel from the concave of the sky — built in light. Up, up the curved roof creep the golden beads, till the crown is reached, and Hings its painted summit far up, a glory of brightness against the darkening vault. .\nd now the windows of the dome glow redly, each like a rose of fire. Below, the great electric fountains beat uj) in showers of gold, and red, and intensest green, and there is a murmur from the people. Out there, beyond the Peristyle, the lonely lake broods, peering with dark eyes i)etween white archways at the glory within, like a lost soul grieving for a glimpse of heaven ; out there it stretches desolate as. an ocean, dark — vast, with the cry of the wind ever on it- a lonely voice. Then, within, along the mighty buildings that line ! I ■: f j Il.l.l MINATION !>(■■ T MK AkT Hi II, DIM,. A.s SEKN KRDM I UK LagOON, I "I I04 THE WORLDS FAIR. fj .' .i .' 1^ the Court, the hghts burst in golden ropes, and lifting serene over the rim of the world comes a great moon, pale, surprised at this lighted wonder of a thing that lies crowned by the stretching lake, and the stars wheel, and the trees gossip, and the people, fasci- nated, awed, dazed at this vision of the gods, murmur always. But what of it when, later, with a great booming, strange fires shoot up through the blackness, startling the peeping stars ? What of it when Wooded Island shines a circle of colored lights, a jewel in a silver shielil ! What of the swinging lamps along the banks, the dancing of ihe electric boats over the lagoons, the slow, noiseless pushing of the gondolas ! What of the medley of rising, falling, skimming lights ; of the dis- tant jargoning excpiisite soundings — of the bands ; of the four great beams that crossed giant arms along the blackening sky, and silvered the limbs of the gods, and beat with fierce light upon the triumphant woman on the car of the great fountain : on the gracious bending forms of the Amazon rowers ; on the wild sea horses that flung the spray in great gushes from their wide nostrils ; on the dolphins, half leaping through the feathered mist ; on the gold Diana, poised against a sky that leaned towards her broodingly 1 What of it but that it gave one a divine heartache ; that it made men feel their souls ! What of it but the foreshadowing of, somewhere, a resting- place for the tired ones ! Very near were travellers in the White City to the land of God. Away in the sober light of a gray morning to a vast building that lay in a quiet corner of the fair City. Away on the curving wonder of railway that ran among the domes and turrets of the place, and over the wide ways, twisting, serpent-like, along, and doubling in a great loop at one end, and so turning back and rushing again on its way over the heads of the people, down by the whirling windmills, past the old \\'hite Horse Inn, redolent of I'ickwick, and extreme in its prices; past the strange brown mounds of the Cliff Dwellers, and opi> iie the rustic Forestry Building, fragrant ith the breath of the woods, stood the curio-house of the White City, vast Hall of Anthropology. Here squatted the hideous mummies of the ancient Peruvians, forgotten of the world ; here were the imprints of the giant footsteps of prehistoric animals from the permian age, when beasts that sprang from reptiles walked upon hind feet, to the tertiary or tjuatcrnary ages of mammals. Looking upon the foot- prints of prehistoric man, old iables leaped to the mind. " There were giants in those days," one said to oneself softly ; and ranged along the wide gallery in Anthropology one came upon the mighty mammoth and the gigantic turtle, and a strange fossil reptile that stood upon hind legs like those tf a horse, and had fin like forepaws, and the flat head of a snake ; and many mysterious wonders that made one a little silent and thoughtful for a time, recognizing one's ignorance. But, further on, one came upon a flashing of blue butterflies, on a glory of gaily-plumagi d birds, on long rows of birds' eggs, on elk and moosc, and black wolf, and otte , and the wi'd things of the wootls, anil these were a comfort to the heart - great tables weighted with the coins of the world, from old, old times, on which the great doorways of the past have forever closed, sent their stretching lengih across the wide galleries ; and, further on, one made the ac(|uaintance of the curious platypus of New South Wales, and of the bower-bird and lyre-bird, and other strange things. On the ground floor of this vast building almost every nation of the earth contributed relics and curios. Here one learned for the first time of a race not the Indians, but those who by many long ano dim ages preceded them; and who had lived, and slept, and eaten on the very sites where Chicago's homes now are, and where the big humming business blocks of the great Western city thrust their roofs into the sky. The relics of this race are here. Hammerstones, rounded to fit into the hollow of the hand, their edges rugged from use, some of I hem pitted to receive the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, were here in plenty. So were models of the workshops of this strange people, as well as the various stone anvils they used for beating flint into shape. Also on this floor were cases of Indian curiosities, spear heads, arrows, ring stones, and pipes, of which Canada made a goodly showing. The weapons, dress, idols, and war-trappings of aboriginal peoples were hung in their various sections. Perhaps the most interesting of these was the collection of New South Wales, where the picture of " Mickey," the great chief of the Ulla- dullahs, the most expert boomerang-thrower in ail .Australia (a burly cannibal with a flat nose and a wrinkled forehead), hung in a cons|)icuous place, with his (|ueer war weapons around him. When " Mickey " vanquished any of the chieftains who, with their tribes, came uji from Solomon Islands or other places (for Mickey's fame had travelled far), he and his warriors set about eating the slain. Mickey, as a man of taste THE WORLD'S FAIR in these ni.atters, always selected the heart as his particular portion, and, before he died, he had devoured eighty of these trophies of his skill in war. He was converted by the missionaries— not, however, until he had eaten a few Christian hearts, and found them not to his liking, and he died two years ago, in, no doubt, a certain " odor of sanctity." In this collectioh there was a vast bowl, so large that it left the visitor in doubt as to whether it was a bath-tub or a boat. It was curiously inlaid with clam shell and pearl : but the mighty interest attached to it, and which held those who looked at it siltMit with a dim horror, was that in it the victim of the cannibals was placed before he was served to the hungry savages. Near by stood a cannibal fork or spiker, with which warriors would pass choice morsels to their chief. Clreat curio-house of the White City filled with the first beginnings of science, the first glimmerings of the intelligence of man, stored with the strange games of the world, with the fossils of the gigantic things that walked the mountains, and woods, and plains, and swam in deep waters when the earth was young ; bright with the gewgaws of savage tribes, grim with the decaying mummies of a lost people, gay with butter- flies, and birds, and strange beasts I What a world of curious knowledge it contained ! Not far ofT stood the convent of I.a Rabida, a quaint and mystic place, situated on a comparatively lonely spot, and, in its extreme dissimilarity to any other building at the World's Kair, attracting no small share of attention. Perhaps the most surprising thing about it was its thonjughly monastic appear- ance, and its look of age. It might have been built four hundred years ago, so misty with legend did it appear. A quaint i)lace, stored with relics of Christopher Columbus, primitive charts, pictures, and curios of the court of Ferdinand and Isabella, and of the early history of La Rabida, in the lime of America's discoverer. Back over the winding Intramural to ilie I'alace of Electricity, where the eye of Science looked out in leaping light upon the world. No longer will one be astonished after a visit to this wonder of a place, for one fails into a mental attitude which accepts all thing.; as surprises. When one has seen real thunder- bolts made and launched, facsimile drawings and figures transmitted, chickens hatched and roasted, shoes blacked, sewing machines run, surgical mstruments worked, all by electricity, nothing wonderful can ever after surprise him. His surprise faculties become dulled, and, unless you administer to him an un-^ 'OS expected personal "shock," you wili be unable lo elicit from him any exclairiatian of astonishment. Seventeen thousand horse- [jower tor electric lighting was provided at the World's Fair. That is three times the electric power in use in the city of Chicago, pcrhai)s the best electric-lighted city in the world. It was ten times that provided for the Paris F-xposilion in 1889. Let us to figures for a moment. 9,000 horsepower was provided in the White City for incandes- cent lights, 5,000 for arc lights, and 3,000 for machinery power. This sup[)lied 93,000 incandescent lights and 5,000 arc lights. No wonder that, viewed from the deck of the whaleback, on the wide lake of dark nighl.s, the White City looked like a crown of light on the breast of the waters ; like as though heaven had fallen for a moment,, and was resting upon earth. Who that watched the great ICdison tower of light on the main floor of Electricity Building can ever forget it ? There it stood, a tall shaft thrusting up almost into the roof, and abla/e with incandescent lights in red, and orange, and blue — lights always changing shape and color, and changing to the sound of exquisite waltz music. The beauty of it, the power and tenderness of it, combined with thewonder and the music, brought tears, often, to th.e faces of those who looked — so often are tears the visible manifestation in us of other things than grief. There was exhibited in this building a great ring, known as the Teala Ring. Crowds always gathered here to watch things rotating slowly around this ring. It was made of soft iron wire, around which are wound four coils of insulated copper wire, so arranged in pairs that, each pair being connected with a distinct electrical circuit, carrying curients alternating in direction, and the " impulses or changes of direction of the two currents alternating with each other in point of time," the action of the two currents on the ring and I he space surrounding it [)roduced what electricians call "a rotatory magnetic field." .■\ copper egg, about the size of an ostrich egg, used to spin on its end if set in the centre of this ring. Bunches of keys and other metallic substances used also to rotate in the most mysterious manner, to the wonder of everybody. Marvellous building, this, of Electricity, with its whirling globes of blue, and crimson, and gold; its winking advertise- ments ; its pillar of light, before which that which protected the Israelites would have paled ; its scenic theatre of Pompeian red — the most exquisite thing imaginable ; an Alpine village m faint evening light, which darkened as you looked, and the lights on ii p. ' J < t- 2 o THE WORLiyS FAIR. 107 the stone bridge steal into a dim brightness. Then darkness ; then the first pallid gray of the morning breaking in gold and rose into a broad noon. All gradations of light pro- duced by automatic electric action. Stepping across the wide white road, one comes upon Machinery Hall, with its annex and great power-house, with twenty four thousand hor.se-power of steam ; demoniac wheels revolve with awful rapidity ; ma- chines of all kinds jump up and down, and perform the most wonderful evolutions. Here it was that, in a wonder of a machine, a steel bar went in at one end and came out a broad network at the other, suggesting that terrible process at the Chicago stock- yards, whereby a comfortable squealing porker, at one end of the line, turns out, at the other, in neat hams and strings of sausages, The noise of Machinery Hall was too much for us, and the odors too pungent. " Wheels," we said, looking in ; then fled. But who could describe huge Manufac- tures ? Who, indeed, can fittingly describe any of the wonders of the White City ? One could have spent a year wandering in the sumptuous courts, the gay pavilions, and yet not have seen all of it. A city under a roof it was, with its own wide and royal streets ; its collection of the wonders of the world — the dreamings of the poets were, here, made into realities in delicate pottery, in shimmering silken fabrics, in twisted and beaten metals, in a flashing of diamonds and rubies, in a brilliancy of glass, in the working of wrought iron, and brasses, and bronzes. Great yel- low eye of diamond, flashing wickedly on revolving cushion ! Stately gates of Iron, wrought in delicate device of leaf and scroll ! Huge glimmering bath of porphyry, with the blush of beauty lingering in your polished depth ! Dim rooms of ancient castles, in far-off countries, with your old carven chairs, and grim fire-dogs, and sombre richness ! Wonderful kiosks, where fairy vases in shell, china, and curios in pottery, made a glory and a light I Stately pavilions, glimmering with the sheen of opal silk and golden embroidery ! Wide courts of nations, with your riot of riches, your harmonies of color, your ivories, and fabrics, and sculptures ! Imagination faints in the effort to depict you, and pen (juavers over paper, and there comes a swimming of the brain. So, resting for a moment in the wide corridor outside, watch the glory of the day. The golden sun, flashing upon this place of domes and palaces, beats upon the golden woman at the water gateway till the eye turns swiftly from a brightness that is too great to the flashing of cool waters through the arched chinks of the Peristyle. " Come and be cool," laughs the great tunil)li_;lake; and the surf murmurs on the shore. One can hear it plainly, for the White City, for all its moving crowds, is, somehow, a silent city, which has never rung to the tramp of horses' feet, or the rolling of wheels, other than the water and mail carts. So silent is it that, as, we sit — tired • after the riot of color and fancy in the great roofed city we have just left — we catch, from the Casino, the swinging beat of music, and hear, now and then, the low cry of the gondolier, and hear the merry clinking of crockery from a restaurant near by. From the dome of Administration come little sparkles of light, as if fairies, diamond-shod, weie dan'.;ing on its crown. It is the laughter of the sun as he peeps betwixt peaks and aromid turrets. With his gracious hand, he gild.'^. every fleck of color, and flings a more intense whiteness over the stretching of fair palaces ; and the White City lifts up her face for his caress, and the gods are glad, and send their breath along the lagoons, making the waters ripple. The band has stopped its braying of wind music, and the shivering of the violins comes across the ways, and the soul leaps to it. It is all so exquisite! All Nature — the winds that beat the air and the waters that forever heave and toss their turbulent bosoms ; the trees that lean and whisper in the night-time ; the roses that, generously, breathe their perfumed souls to us — all seemed to love this city of the gods, and all gave to her — that one sweet, dead summer — that the soul of her might be glad. What strange creatures of the deep waters that were not to be found under the red roofings of the Fisheries' Building were few. In the vast tanks of sea water before which, each day, the people massed densely, in hollow sea grottoes, curious things crawled and swam. There were sea anemones that blossom miles below the surface of the ocean ; great hooded crabs that carried their worlds, Atlas-like, upon their backs ; queer sea spiders that tilted along sideways on slim, tall legs ; quaint shell hermits that crawled about, tramp like, investigating empty tenements, and immediately somer- saulting into them; grasping lobsters, beating the waters craftily with cruel feelers in search of prey; and, strangest of all, a sea ostrich that buried his head deep in sandy places, leaving a sinuous, waving tail moving gently in the sea. Fishes, with the warty heads of toads, swam and dived in the wide tanks; and speckled beauties .skimmed through the watery ways, while the plebeian •P*^»l^l*|MP«f" "vnw 108 vv/i: iroA'/./rs h\\in. ratfish wavid his ugly feelers and (ni'ssed his llact id iiioiith against thf thick glass. The teachings of the place were many and great. The supply of sea water for the deep sea fishes was secured liy evaporating the ne(cs.sary quantity at the Woods Hall station of the U.S. Fish ('(iniinission to about one- lifih its bulk, thus reducing both (piantity and weight for transportation at)oiit So i)er cen!. The fresh water retpiired to r.-store it to Its proper density was sup|)lied iroin Lake Michigan. (Ireat was (lanacla in iier lishery exhihit, her canned ^jouds, her lisliing boats ! Out again and across a bridge to Wooded Island, and over anotlier and along by the Choral Building to where a great golden door glimmers in the sun. A favorite corner was this, by a lagoon, whert' the ducks atul waterfowl gabbled and dived, and a little Venetian boat rocked lightly on the water's breast. A rest to the eye -tla/ed with the whiteness everywhere -was this great Hall of I'ransportaiion, with ils soft terracotta harmonies, and great gate of gold and silver ; with its wonders of portage inside. All the modes of carriage from Noah's Ark to the nineteenth century were exhibited in long lines in this vast [)lace. (Ireat loco- motives stood -black giants ready to \t\\\\ their train of cars out at a few hours' notice; and foremost among these stood the business train of the world, the admired of all the Canadian I'acific Railway C'onipany's exhibit. The boat of the Sea of Calilec, with its weak little mast, was heie ; one said to be exactly like the one in which Christ rode on the Sea of (iaiilee. Here, too, was a representa tion of the ass, with all its trappings, like to that with which Mary and Joseph escaped from Na/.arelh with Christ. The chairs of India and China : the ox cart of Mexico ; my Lord .Mayor of London's coach, and (hat of His Highness l)om Pedro ; the canoe hewn from a tree of tne Amazon River; (Irace Darling's rotting boat; the prettiest baby carriage in the world , the grandest hearse I What a medley it was ! What a wonder I Not far from Transportation Huilding lay that devoted to Mines and Mining, a palace filled with the riches of the earth's deep heait. Here were da//ling displays of diamonds, opals, emeralds — all the jewels that make glad the heart of woman. One could see here how diamonds were washed and cut, and a great crowd was always attracted to the place where diamond washing was going on. 'I'here were vast displays of iron and copper, ore, mica, asbestos, marbles of exquisite shadings, Mexican onyx, and all stones and minerals. ( Ireat gates of wrought iron — the work of Ciermany — swung in an ar(!h at the soiilli end of this building - work of many ((uaint devicings, vines, leave.s, and roses were in.ertwined, and in the centre of each gate there sat a partridge, the ('■athers of which were most delicately wrought— the\ were a triumph of art in iron. The great crystal dome, wide spreading, of MH^. IIkkhi.x H. Pai.mkk. I^rfsitifitt lif th( Htmrti of l.iuiy MaHagt'i-^. Horticulture tlashes in the sun's light, a beautiful hollow, lined with vines. 'I'he iron ( olumns inside this building were [lainted a pallid green, and round them vigorous vines twisted their darker leaves, making a delicate harmony of color in two shades. Swinging gaily to right and left, catching a tendril here and there, the climbing green things met in the middle of the wide arches above, and, embracing, spread thickly, till all the place was roofed in green, making .1 pleasant, cool nook on sultry days for one tired of the garish sunlight and the white blaze outside. A pyramid of shrubbery Hung to thi' roof from below ; great palms waved their feathered arms ; and myriads of flowers made the air fragrant. What would you see ? Roof gardens ? Climb to the top of the dome, and wander among the lovt^liest that were ever planned. Flower beds ? t)utside the great flower palace, beds of VKjlet velvet pansies, in exiiuisite shadings, turned sweet faces up for a caress. Orchids } Step into the greenhouses and loiter among iS,ooo of these delicate lady flowers — a ball- room of them. Or do you fancy strange things in the flower and shrub world .■* Then behold the night-blooming cercus ; the dwarf cedar, ,?oo years old, shipped from Japan ; the groups of giant cacti ; the fern trees from .Australia ; the (jueer, warty, stunted shrubs, like little monsters, from some far country ; the great cocoanut, leaning over, with her THE WORLDS FAIR. 1C9 brown cliiklrL'n close about bcr licarl , the stately century plant -the pen might travel over miles of paper before the h;ilf of it would be set down. Never, in all the world before, was there such a display of fruit gathered under one roof as in the I'oniolot^ical seition of the Horticultural I'alace, nor such a gathering of the juices of the grape from far ( ! recce t(.) Chicag ) Itself. It made men young again to walk in the sweet smellmg place— the world's orchard ! by the long rows of shining tables. Oh, Mother Karth, but thou art gracious, and sweet and wholesome and grnerous! Towers made of oranges, horsemen made ol |)runes, great heaping bunches of grai)es, the biggest and rcjsiest apples in the world, slacks of lemons, bushels of cherries — sweet as lover's kisses, luscious berries, and great ripe pears, all were here. Wonderful gathermg of the sweet fruits of the earth— who could enumerate you ? The very memory of your freshness and [jcrfume, and the rich ruddiness and pale delicacy of you, makes the mouth water ! Close by stood the Woman's Uuildmg, that museum of woman's work — (jf fair stuffs and broideries in a lovely situation, 1)\ a lagoon, which here took the form ol a small bay. Italian Renaissance was the style of archi- tecture chosen, and the exquisite open colonnades which crowned the corner pavil- ions glowed every night with that dull Egyi)tian pink that is so ex(|iiisiie in its tinting. \Vithin was exhibited the work of the women of all countries, royal laces, paintings, ceramics, art-work, pottery — the most beautiful collection of woman's work that has ever been gathered. 'I'he library in the Woman's building was one of the curio- places of the World's Fair. Here were the manuscripts of the famous women of the world. One could here compare the writing of gentle, unfortunate l.ady Jane Orey witli that of (lejrge Ivliot, passionate Oeorges Sand, prim Jane .\usten. A map of Italy, made by an jMiglishwoman in the time ol 13ante, and the " Hoke of St. Albins. " compiled by Dame Juliana ISarnesin the i,^th century, were among the most interesting curios. I'he faint, pale writings came tf) one like tender ghosts from the dim land. Those first two pages of" Adam Bede," " Evelina,'' and "Jane P^yre," filled, in volumes, the hearts that knew and understood. Away, by the North i'ond, serene and gracious, lovely in its exquisite and class c purity, stood the jewel of the great I'air of the World— the Art Palace ; Victor) tiium|)hant, winged, colossal, on the summit; caryatids, angels, and ideal figures of Art, Painting, Music, and Scul|)ture, stood without the walls ; and grval lions, couchant, guarded the portals. The art treasures of the w(jrld hung on the walls of the seventy-six galleries; and here, always, one found the |)eo])le, crowding, wandering, and silent before the masterpieces of great artists. The jjictures haunt one 1 .Always, the dark eyes of I, a C'igale look into one's soul, and the shiver of winter trembles along the limbs of the ])Oor grasslio|)per ; and (jiie si'cs the anguish of the wife in "The i'oacher's Return," when they bring him back to her her man dead : and the anguish and beauty of many of the otfter pictures. In the wide courts where the marbles were, there were many excjuisite grou()ings. Lovely Phi)nes and Dianas stood poised for flight on lofty pedestals. Mercie's David, with one foot on the head of Ooliath, stands, tall and beautiful, sheathing his sword. Kremiet's horrible "Man of the Stone .\gc ' holds aloft the head of a boar; and Death, with her poppies in her hand, and a look of infinite pity and love on her beautiful face, .I'ld all a woman's yearning tenderness in her sad eyes, touches the young sculptor on ihe shoulder, and bids him come and rest on her deeji bosom. All that there is of the be;iutiful in art lay in that vast palace by the lake through the beaMtifiil summer that is gone ; but will never be forgotten. Women walked through the gracious palaces with Mk. HaKIOW N. Htl.lNltoTIIAKI. rytsltUnt Chuago H.xhH>itio» BoarU of Aduumstration. tears upon their faces, for the souls of the people were stirred, and answered to the touching of the Beautiful. \'ulgarities faded ; hearts became open pages that one running might read ; and, greatest lesson of the Fair! man was assured for the first time (having a realization of his dream of it) that there was a heaven, an immDrtaluy, an eternity wherein the soul of him would know its tiod : the AVhite C!ity was a foretaste of heaven, and the Art Palace was the heart of it ! V 1 lO THE WORI.nS lAIR. And. now, whither away ? To ihe hcaiitiful State liuildings, filled with rare things ; to the liouses of foieign nations ; to — for a resting moment— the vvije walk by tlie beach, wiieri' the surf nuirniured ever its poem to the land, and c(ja\ed back with each beating wave a littl<' chattering siring of pebbles that, like human hearts, went hopefully to the \ast unknown. The buildings of t'oreiun countries held no exhibit , and were merely headquarteis for the enteria'nnient of visitors of the several nalionalitii they represented ; but in several there were curiosities of various kind*. Neither were the United Status Buildings exhibit buildings, though many a r.ire curio was to be found in odd nooks among them. Strangely enough, the plainest of the State Ikiildiiigs was that of Illinois, the dome of which - lean, shrunken, tall — was enough to ruin the grace of any structure. Beautiful was the building of Massachusetts, modelled after the old Hancock house, and breathing of the old lashioned gentility of the good I'uritans -siniple, sober, gray. Filled was it with stately relics of stately men and their stately times, and inany a woman's hanil lingered for a moment on the cradle which had rocketl four generations of .\dainses. Ureat, old, reverend, was .\merican history behind the gray walls of this beautiful build- ing. I'ennsylvania, sheltering her venerable Liberty bell, fairly quivered with echoes of stirring .times;' and Michigan with her wide verandahs, het,;ge.ierous liearth (whereon in chill OctotWgreat logs leaped and crackled), her tine collection of the children of her woods and 'flfeeks — was, to many, a comfort- able home-|ilace. (iay was New \'ork, a fine lady among i;he buildings, with its imposing entrance, and heavy bluedrapeiies, and great banqutiting hall. Killeil with curios of ancient Knickerbockers was she, hugging in one of her dim corners a grandame doll of a hundreil years, watched over, in a little glass coffin, by the quaintest of gray-faced Diitth clocks. .\ (Ireek poem in Ionic columns was Utah, the Mormon State; while ciuaint Louisiana, in her old brown plantation house, was misty with legend and story, Priceless furniture of old Creole days was stored here ; ancient pottery, cracked with the weight of years and adventures, glimmered on shelf and liracket, and, amid the gentle whirring of spinning wheel and loom, the Acadians of Longfellow sate at work-- descendants of Kvangeline in high Norman caps and kirtle, while " the gossiping loom " mur- mured its love-jjoem to the wheel, which softly purred its answer. ('alifornia, with her flattened dome and lovely roof garden, breathed a subtle tropical fragrance of rich golden fruit; while .Montana shone from the -Mining Building, in the Kehan statue of pure silver, set upon ;i pe(lest;il of solid gold. Indi.uia. with her red (.iothic towers, her huge elephuiu chisclU-d out of one giant block of stone, and her curios, w;is a favorite among State buildings ; AwA Iowa. >tretch'!il along tin- lake, with her beautiful (!orn I'alace, her seetls and grains of ;ill kinds, and wonderful gra.ises, was a pleasant resting place. But most pleasant resting place of all was, in the gray of the day, a seat on one of the wooden benches on the wide curving walk by the lake — in the gray of the day, when dusk was f;dling, because then the crowds were moving j(jyously down the merry Midway, or to the fireworks, and this part of the White City —from the Iowa Building to tlit; X'ictoria House took to itself a loneliness, and there were strange soundings in the voice of the restless lake, and str;inge shapes rode atop the waves, and a divine sadness crept into the soul, and whispered there of wild, strange things. Slowly dies the day. while the solemn world of gr;iy waters and graying sky wait. One by one the lamps along this wide way by the water glimmer, solitary lights ! in their great white globes, like the eyes of giant owls. Behind, the White City is |)utting on her crown of light ; but here by the lake, as the dusk gathers, it is dark and lonesome, a solemn place of stars. 'I'he passion and stir of life have gone from it all, gone to the pale waters with their rhythmic sw-is sh. their low murmuring on the beach. Then, with a far booming, strange fires rush into the air, and drop in colored flaine, (lushing the sky, and the White City bursts into a glory of light — ■ and the wild lake, gently la|)|)ing for the moment, whispers in its shroud of gray. Joy ;ind sadness are blent together in the solemn transition of day into night, ;md the moon, frightened, peers in and out through scudding clouds. \ wet glint comes across the sea, exquisite, evanescent; then, with a moan, the great north wind, sweeping the waters, cries shrilly, and the water-imps leap to meet him, and the mighty, desolate lake tosses wild, white arms into the black night, and the moon flees into the darkness, and the stars wheel, and the lonely soul, frightened, looks into the eyes of Cod ! The White City had her business quarter, her Latin (piarter. She herself, poised— an ex(|uisite dream — bet ween the sullen, dark city that w;is the mother of her, and that brooded IlJ'JMiNAI ll).\ (IF IIIE Al/MIMM KAIIIIN Ulll.DJM, 112 THE WORLD'S FAIR. heliinil Ikt, coiilenl to rt-niaiii silent, fi>ryi)ltcn (or tlif luoinent in llic while lovuiines-i of lier child, was a < ity of peace from irattic, leaving that to tlic inore earthly plates, Slu' was a garden of all shining llowcis, a |)ocm in archiietlurL- -a iittint; l)oinc-|ilacc for the treasures, and arts, and gatherings of the ages. The hurry of commerce she left the |)lodding world cities ; there, walking in her fair ways, men shook off much of their worldliness, and their souls found a freer scope. She was e.xalting, ennobling, eleva- img in her inlliience over men's minds — this place of the gods, this aristocrat among the shopkeeperish cities of the earth who would have none of their noises, their street jarrings, their shrickings in great halls of trade, their smug, sho()-walker's manners. .\ silent city in the common ways of men, she gave her voice forth in great beats of music, in the gossipings of her trees, the whispi-nngs of her flowers, the murmurs and thundirs of the waters: that sate at her feet. Her white houses were open to all. One might wander free among lier rich pavilions, her rare wrought brasses, her carvings in wood and ivory. One might enter her wide halls and stray among her wonders of Science watih her giant wheels grind round, her strange lights revolve in vast globes, her glittering hea[)s of precious stt^nes and minerals. One might amble from room to room in her great Art Palace, and weep out one's heart before the masterpieces of the world ; or stand, awed, at the cjueer things of deaii .iges — the monster things that walked the earth, and the seas, and lived in deep caves , or stroll intci the long rustic palace where great wood giants lay felled, and scent the perfume of the forests. .\nd it was free to all men. She stretched her white arms wide, that all might enter and know the beauty and the wonder of her. Mistress of all the cities of the world ! crowned (lueen among them ! 'Ihe White City that flashed along the lake of Michigan alone gave of her beauty to the world without barter, without other coin than the silver price that gave admission to her gates. 15ut she had her business quarter. It was not while, as she was ; therefore, it was not really a part of her, and she disdained it, in a way. But it lay within her walls, near to her, yet as far off as though an ocean lay between, noisy, laughter-loving Midway. Heyond a stretching viaduct (so far apart were they that you came to the Latin (juarter through this dark and echoing way) there lay the greatest wonder — the greatest absurdity of a street the world ever saw. Midway I'laisance took to itself 80 acres of ground, and on these 80 a res were gathere*! representatives of nearly, if not all, the miions s of the viaduct and come out on the broad road, jangling with the cries, and laughter, and musit of all the world. Bravely beats the fcjrgotten grt;en flag from the towers of Blarney ( ,'astle, and bravely doi's the ])iper blarney the coins from your pocket. In with you through the little turn- ••tile that jeiks you .bodily (owing to the hurry of the fat Miillingar lady behind, and in a very undignified fashion) into the little s(juare, where the colleens are in plenty, at the dairying, the la< e making, the "footmg it," if you come in the evening, to the scr<'ech of the ])ipes. Up with you and kiss the blarney stone ! as if you hadn't enough of it, be you lad or maid I and out, laughing always, to the wide street again, where a demoniac pipe calls you to the Beaut)' .Show. " liedad I '' calls the Irish piper after \(ju as you flee, " but the wurruld is full av fools, anyhow ! " to which you sadly acquiesce when you leave the lovely congress and amble down the wide street, to be taken by a little ass, trapped in gay tra|)pings, into the heart of Kgy[)t. Cairo ! with its (juaint carvings, its greasy, flat-nosed Egyptians, its not over clean camels, its 'I'emple of I, uxor, pregnant with mummies ; its cunning jugglers, and veiled flower-girls with the mysiii: eyerf ! (^)ueer jjlace of sandal-wood, bracelets, and live li/ards was it, with its dim, cavernous shoj)- |)al.ices hung with rugs, and spangled jackets. THE IVOKLD'S FAIR. "•3 and be ''"'nod pipes, and laiigling braceletsi " Mus'.ui-.ia Ali, Slieph'jrd s Hotel, Cairo. ' He [iiishes the dirty pr iti board into your hand, does Mustapha, and iii ^reat eyes gleam ; and ihe noise of the street dies, nnd a faint perfume of minglcil roses aii>. sandal wood rtmgs across the street from the rtower- shops ni the heart of the (piaint place ; and again vou are clamoring with mine host of Shei)herd's, and wrangling with such another as Mustapha over your six bits of luggage, and there are strange cries in tlie streets, and you long for civili/.ation a!\d afternoon tea. Hut here comes the marriage procession, and Mustapha how did he get there so i|ui(kly? -is atop genteel Ward .Mc.Mlisler, beating into that gentleman's aristocratic ears a tum turn fit to break the drum of even the leathern car of a camel. Softly into .Java, where the water wheel sobs always. (Iraceful as all wild things, the delicate little people flit about the place, and the musicians, squatted in their corner, drop rhythmically their soft, sad music, that has a licjuid sound in it. The great ape lounges in his cage, looking out upon life scowlingly, and hearing allusions as to his descent from the kings of Ireland with equanimity. In the theatre the archaic drama, old as the elder hills, goes to its end smoothly, amid no excitement of applause. The little actors don their masks and make their pretty, meaningless play, with outstretched fingers, spreading them, throwing drapery over them in artistic fashion to the sound of drop[)ing music ; and you go out, when it is finished, and sip your Java coffee, and watch the small people flitting about their bamboo houses in the scjuare, where they sell their tiny toy-like workings in basket and box, and you buy long slender cigarettes folded in palm leaves, and quaintly-devised handkerchiefs, and crying softly, " Salabad sorree," to the graceful little creature who serves you, you wander again into the wide street of grotes(iueries, and stop a moment to talk to Simon of Smyrna, of the tribe of Zeibek, an ideal representative of the (ireek race ; but, not understanding (Ireek, which is the language of Simon, you admire, for a while, the extreme blue of the white of his eye an Irishism is the only thing that will express It — and with mysterious words on both sides you separate. The street ofConstanlinoplega[)es invitingly. Suave Turks, grown impudent with notice, call to you, as you pass, such coarse compli- ments as theyhavelearned from coarse people, and shriek their wares in Americanese, and talk you over, with much jeering, in Turkish to their comrades. " Not for nothing,' as the sharp boy said, did these sons of the Orient wear the hooked nose of the Hebrew. Syrians were these men of (Ihicago-Con- stantino|)le, with the bargain loving, [Hishing, trading instincts of iheir race, but to the slirewdnes.i of the Jew they added the courtei)Usness of the Kast. day were the booths, red-lined, and hung with costly rugs and shimmering silks.and feather-light crepes ! (lay were they with long, painted, sto[)pered perfume bottles, with stick-pins, and clinking coin bracelets, and tiny idols in bra'is and pewter ! Bright were they with sounnir spoons, and pin trays, and tip-toed Turkish slippers I IJrave in tassels ; with beads from Jerusalem ; Turkish tops, made in Manchester; swortls of Uamascene steel, fashioned in Sheffield ; wrought and beaten brasses from Algiers ; a thousand and-one bits of genuine brica brae— a million bits of llrummagem ! .\iid the clatter of it, from the "bum-bum candy" personage in a shroud and turban to the wily Jew-Turk, who persuaded lonely ladies on investigatory and solitary promenadings into the dark little gallery, where they viewed Dama.scus and the Stations of the Cross through port holes, so to speak, and came out done beautifully brown ! Hon. I'luis. \V. I'm mkk, /'irshitHt E.tliihition Cflwmiiswn L'p and down, on the little blue Turkish theatre, bobs a little man, like a human wink. With much clapping of hands, and swishing of long garments, and hoarse shriekings, he invites people up to .see the girls of the Ea.st s(iuirm and shiver through their unholy dances ; and good old farmers from Iowa and Ohio toil up with their wives, and sit and watch the (jueer contortions that delight the Pashas of the Kast, and come away again, innocent of all evil, declaring their opinion, loudly, that three steps of a country dance " was worth a hundred o' HI '4 THE WOKI.iyS I-AIN. thtni foolish iwistin's''; and lower down the inournlul Aral) women, lirow-lxjimd and grave, l)iat ihe drums with their naked liaiuJs. and (hant, hiealinnly, what sounds like the most griesous of tragedies ; and the Ikdouin duels s'it cross legged and grave, eyeing the pushing crowds with a grim disdaui and a wondering ; and the hrown hahii's howl, like ordinary balnes, ami the sad molheis, in the pauses of song and dance, nurse iheni in the common way of all mothers. Shrill hleat the pipes alonji Midway, and loud brays the (lerman hand fiom the little beer-garden, where the waiters fly. tarrying I'lve "beers'' in each hand • holUjw '■ beers," with mighty he"ds of while hubbies and very little yellow bodies ; and the peo[)le sit "unter der I,in(len,"and listen to the music, and watch the shifting crowd and the little F.gyptian ass, monkey-laden, who, with his half-human burden, parades to the shrilling of fierce pipes, and the shouting of turbaned Nubians, and drums in the crowd, to the street of Cairo, whence, presently, a mighty shout of laughter comes, trembling the walls of the Temple of I, uxor, and proclaiming that some one has fallen overboard the Ship of the Desert. And the night falls, and the sun is hidden, and out break the lights, and the fun waxes high, and the laughter of the people heats and throbs upon the air; and all the world, in this merry place, runs mad with gke. 'I'lien, bursting into a round glory of light, a giant wheel looms up against the darkness. 'Ihe vast cobweb — with its multitude of fine lines, its huge rim, burdened with thirty-six cars, its low, churning sound, its circles and crossings of incandescent lights -beats its way, a brilliant circle seen afar from city, lake, and prairie, against the blackness of the night ; and the units, looking smaller than ever, crowd into the little cages on its wings, which, in reality, are wide and cajiacious houses, and up beyond the cries and jarrings of Midway, beyond the pipings, and shrill- ings, and restlessness, they are lifted, till, looking abroad, all the glory of the White City flashes u})on them, and you see this fairyland crowned in light, the black lake brooding beyond, the black city peering with red eyes out of the smoke behind, and again, and yet again, the wondei of it seizes you : and in the quiet and darkness of the little aerial house that throbs its way round, you thank God that you have lived so long. There comes a night, in that summer of the White City, when the gods, being vexed, smote it with a mighty storm. Softly, ai! the day, it came creeping on it. The trees knew of it, and shivered, and the leaves fell with solemn ratllings and little gusts of wind made a moan about the courts. Klectricity bobbed merrily upon its roofs, and great I'ranklin, immovable u|ion his pedestal, held aloft his key to the elements, but (loud- compelling /eus laughed, and bid /V.olus unloose the winds ; and great Jupiter, leaving his sea halls, descended u|ion Miihigan, and the vast lake rose to meet him in a shrieking f;..»;'H Col. C.eoki.e K. Oavis, Dim lor-tiiiunl, Chhugo K.rhibitioH. of laughter, and wound her white arms half way up to heaven in an ecstasy of turbulent joy, and the moon, frightened, stole behind a cloud. Abroad, upon a bellowing wind, rode the storm king and his imps, and the sky, yawning, belched forth its fire, and, with one ([uavering wink, the bobbing lights on Klec- tricity sank into the roof, and the face of Franklin paled yet whiter. A mighty god smote upon the great dome of the White City with a bar of iron, and shrank, afraid, at the beauty of her pallid face. Not even in Olym- pus had he — Hephaisto — seen so fair a thing ; then, furious, he rode straight at a House of Art, that stood by the shivering lagoon. Mightily he smote, being angry, and she trembled, and gaped, and fell away, and Pluvius grieved, wept great tears upon her that mended not her sorrow, but, indeed, added thereto. Then the voices of the gods roared lustily, and J-lolus, answering, tore across the world, ripping roofs, and hurling the small human things that stood in his way, beating them against walls and upon the ground, till he came upon a giant wheel, that, serene, churned its way up against the roof of heaven. Proof was it against the angry god, who smote it sharply upon its (■ars of glass, making them tingle. Then, calling Zeus, and Ares, and Hemes to his aid, he shouted to great Jupiter to send his sea horses leaping. And the three fell I' I'l . iM ii .n Hi#iT» ■ ^--^^ ■^as^: THE WOK I. PS /'.UN. "5 upon the ^;iaiit wlutl, .mil llic voices of ihf gods l)rokc in tfiunder frcjin the sky, aful thi- hyht (il their an:;ct smote the wheel, and Jupiter s.-iit liis white sucds flying cvrr and ever hij^her; hut the threat struc- ture, made hy little, human Man, went calmly on its way, wrapped in lightning sheets of hluc, and silver, and pale violet, and Uic gods, ama/.cd, shrank, crving, " Man i^ greater tiian arc we I '' Ami laine thirir tears, drownint; the sad earth, and the ways i)f the White (.'ity were turned to streams, and the bellowing winds died with a cry, and, sullenly, the great lake deserted of Jupiter s])ent her anger in mighty thundeiings on the beach, and all thrcnigh the night the skies wept ; hut when .\urora, ignorant of the warring of the darkness, tlirusi rosy feet from the blue of heaven upon th»' floor of the White City, and caressed hei upon her soft- tUished l)os(jiii, while the great sun kissed the waters into laughter, and dried, with his lires, the tears of the gods, lu .' the grief of the storm was forgotten, and once again the jewel of the w(jrld shone a white wonder by the waters of the Hashing, glinting, restless lake. And so, Irom the Habylon of .Midway, from the dancing, and the |)iping, and the laughter ; from serio-bright gossipin.,s with the dignified Oriental scholar who drew fingernail pictures for a living; from chats with " Far Away Moses," and Osman Mohammed, who is a policeman when he is at home ; frcjm the ostrich farm, where "Jim IJlaine" Uxjksat you as if he would give much to get you inside his prize-ring and batter the life from you ; from the ciuamt feathered pers-on of Brazil and the honey-voiced Hawaiians ; from Hagenbeck's clever li(jns and low comedy bears ; from all the merry jargon of it, back to the place that took the souls of us lovingly and caressed them - back to the White City, in the chilliness of an October evening, when, early, the twilight comes, and when the trees are fast shedding the pretty dun leaves, that mode such a lovely shelter from the hot sun on sultry days. The day is a gray one, and < hill with a coming death ; and the ways of the White City are clear of the crowds tli.il a week ago jos led through them. Itravely beat the bands on the bridges, and the drums thrum down on Midway, anil the boat-, shoot ea.'ily (.vei the l.igooiis, .ind Wooded Islaiul shrinks on the breast of the waters, mounnng her dead roses. .Men stand on roofs, mtifll 'd in gre.it coats, close to the flag p(jles ; and one feels they are the cxeiii tioners. .Swiftly Hies (he d.iy. The Like, ijuiet, shivering a little in her gray shroud, gently tosses tlie three outlandish ships that have resieKIN. Aiiioii^ the thrilling lak's thai have stirrcil the l)l()()(J, and liii'd the iinaniiiaiion of soiilli, few cnsilage and the SiUi ": and by Mr. J. C. (,'aston, whose subject was "The Orchard as I'art of a System of Mixed F'arming." /(///. lo. — There was a conference at Toronto between the leaders of two great religious bodies, the Presbyterians and Con- gregationalists, with a view to overtures of union of their churches throughout Canada. I'he Congregational ministers who attended to lay their pro[iosal before the Presbytery were Rev. (Jharles Duff, of Toronto; Rev. John lUirton, of Toronto ; and Rev. B. H. Williams, of Ciuelph. '''hey had with them an address signed by ien ministers of ihe C'ongregational denomination, in which they expressed their belief in the possibility of a union between the two sects. This address was read by Rev. John Burton. The Pres- bytery cordially welcomed the ("ongregational ministers, and agreed lo apjioint the follow- ing members of the Presbytery to meet and confer with ministers of the Congregational churches on the subject of union between these churches, at such times and places as may l)e mulmlly agreed upon by both parties, and to report the result to the i'resliytery : Rev. J. Cameron, Rc\. Dr. Caven, Rev. Dr. Carmichael, Rev. D. J. Macdonnell, Rev. Dr. Cregg, Rev. d. M. Milligan, and Messrs. John .A. Paterson and DavitI Miller, elders-- Dr. (Javen to act as convener. Rev. Mr. CANADIAN HAPPENINGS IN iS^j. 119 Burton expressed tor liimself and companions their sense of the courtesy of the Preshytery, and withdrew. The opening ceremonies of a new honveo pathic institution to he known as drace Hospital took place. Jan. II. — The citizens of Toronto had an anxious time with regard to tiioir water supply. Soon the reservoir emptied, the high level station failed to get a connection witli ihe water sent throu^h the mains hy the pumps on the water front, and for the greater part of the day the whole district north of Bloor Street was entirely without water and at the mercy of fire, while, between College and Hloor Streets, the pressure was utterly insufficient to meet the deiDands u|)on it. In the central dis- tricts, elevators were kept moving, but very slo*ly. There was no burst in the mains, nor any valve open by which water could be lost. The conclusion was come to that the shortage was caused by citizens allowing their taps to run to prevent the water from freezing in the pipes. Towards night, when the elevators shut down and the factories ceased operations, the pressure gradually increased. Shortly before q o'clock, the high level station got into operation again, and all the north w.is supplied with water, tiiough not at fire-pressure. Jan. 12. — -The twenty-tifih annual conven- tion of the Western Ontario Dairy Associa- tion at London, Ont , closed, after a most successful meeting; indeed, many of the oldest members declared it to have been the most satisfactory ever held. 'I'he business was completed by 2 o'clock, although there were several subjects left on the progranmie which there was no time to discuss. The feature (jf the day was the visit of the ("lOvernor-Cieneral, who arrived from the west at 1.45 o'clock, and proceeded at once to the Victoria Hall, where he stayed for a few minutes, receiving and responding to an address of welcome from the assembled dairymen. His Excellency was not able to stay as long as he had expected, the heavy snow having detained his train, and made it a ditlficult matter to meet all his engagements. The morning session opened at 9.30 with an address by Prof Fletcher, botanist of the Ottawa Experimental Farm. Jan. iif.. — A proposal having been made to remove the 'I'oronto Observatory to Ottawa, a n-.eeting of inlluential Toronto citizens was held to protest against such a change. Jan. 16. — (Ireat interest excited in Canada and New England by the announcement that Henry M. Whitney anil a .syndicate of Boston cajiitalists had obtained control of the coal mines of Cape Breton. From informa- tion gleaned in Boston, it seemed probable that the deal consummated was of even more gigantic dimensions than this, and embraced not only the coal mines, but a large area of undeveloped mineral properties and the rail- ways connecting the mines with navigation. Many millions of Boston capital was to be invested in this cnteri)rise, which was under stood to Miclude a great extension in the output of coal in that island; the construction of a railway from Sydney, where it would connect with the Intercolonial s\stem to I>ouisburg,a port on the seaboard ojien all the year roimd ; the opening up c»f iron, copper, and gypsum mines ; and the establishnient of smelting furnaces and other industries. .All the coal mines were stated to have been consolidated under one lease, and the period of the lease, it was said, was fixed for sixty years. Jan //. — Mr. Arthur Allan, youngest son of Sir Hugh Allan, and nephew of Mr. .\ndrew Allan, was suffocated by smoke in his lodgings in Montreal at an early hour. He left the St. James Club at midnight for his rooms, and an hour later was found dead, silting in his easy chair. How the accident occurred, no one knows, beyond the fact that it was due to a fire which took place about I o'clock. It is supposed that, when Mr. Allan returned from the club, he lighted a cigar and flung him.self upon the lounge in the sittmg-room. Close to the lounge was a cuspidor. He may have aimed the end of his lighted cigar at the cuspidor. The cigar may have fallen on the floor and set fire to the carpet. Mr. Allan may, in the meantime, have fallen asleep. Awakened by the sen- sation of choking, he must have left the sitting-room and found his way along the hall to his bedroom, for it was in an easy chair of that room that he was found dead. There was no inquest. A meeting in favor of the annexation of Canada to the United Slates was held at Siouflfville ; and a good audience assembled in Daley's Hall to hear Messrs. A. F. Jury, T. M. White, and S. R. Clark, all of Toronto, aiidall prominentmembersof the Continental Union Association, s[)eak on this iiuestion, of which they are avowed apostles. It cannot be said that, while speaking, they received much encouragement in the way of a[)plause, or that their auditors displayed any general sympathy with the views they expressed. Jan. 18. — A most audacious robbery by daylight took place in 'Toronto, being per- I20 CA\.U)/.l\ f/ArPEi\/\GS IN rSi^j. lielratcd in a jcweltTs store on (^>ueen Street West l)y five partially masked men, armed with revolvers. Mavint; overpowered the storekeepet, the live men went to the cash- drawer, extracted $20 therefrom, took $1 from the pockets of the proprietor, and then rifled the shop of its valuahles. The loss sustained hythe pro]irietor is placed at from $500 to $1,000. The propertx stolen con- sisted of sixty-three watches (a number of which areWaterhiirys), alxiiit loogoki rings, and several chains. A portion of the goods was taken from the front window of the shop, and the whole affair cicciirred with the front door unlocked. The men left hur riedly by the front door with the stolen jewelry in their pockets. 'I'he Royal Commission Mpr)n the I.iquor Traffic resumed its se-sion at Montreal. Mr. John \. W'atkins, of the Inland Revenue !)epartinent, made some astonishing state- ments regarding the amount of illicit manu- facturing and ailuUeratir)n going on in Montreal. He said that bogus liquor labels were ke])t for sale iiy the leading litlK)grai)hers of the city; that these bogus labels were for gin, whiskey, iirandy, and other li(]uors, and sometimes bore the names^ of firms that did not exist ; that they were keju in stock and sold to grocers, or anyone else who asked for them. He produced a bundle of tiiese fictitious labels, and handed them to the commissioners, and added that he knew a man who made a good living by liuying these labels and selling them again all over the country. Dr. ). \V, Burgess, of the I'rotesiant Hospital iox the Insane at N'erdun, was in favor of prohibition, but did not believe it could be enforced. Mr. James I'atton, Secretary of the Committee of Management of the .Montreal (leneral Hos- l>ital. was also in favor of prohibition, and thought It could be enforced, but admitted that he knew no place where it is in force. Mr. Samuel Carsley, though not a total abstainer, was .n favor of total jiroiiibition on account of the misery induced by the liqu(jr traffic. He thought l)rewers and distillers ought to be conipensateti in case of a prohibitory law, and was of opinion that sucli a law could be enforced, though he could not mention any countrv when' it is now in force. /ii>i- -'<^— Professor Robertson, Dominion 1 )airy (.'onimissioner, returned to Ottawa from I'"-ngland, after his trip to ascertain the possibilities ot Canadian trade being extended in (ireat Britain. Mr. Robertson gave an interesting account of his tour and the liearty welcomes he had met, and dwelt on the reiiuirementsof the British markets. He said he had attended the great conference m London called to consider the agricultural dejiression, and added : ''I did not quite see daylight through the mist of some of the speeches. l''very reference to protection by the imposition of a tax upon all food jjroducts imported into (Jreat Britain was receiveii witli vigorous applause. I do not think that the meeting represented the feeling of the liritish public, or the expecta tion of the mass of the farmers or farm laborers upon that (juestion." /iiii. Jj. — A coroner's jury sat at Chatham, Out., on tie l)f)dy of i'olice Constable Rankin, who was alleged to have been foully murdered by having his skull fractured. A number of colored prisoners were held on suspicion. The deed look place at Raleigh. The s[)ot is surrounded by a dense bush. It is said there are 500 acres of bush land between it and the lake. Bygrams' stave and saw mill is in the near vicinity. The place is seven miles from ('haring Cross, live or six from South Buxton (the famous freedman's settlement). The bishops of the Ecclesiastical Province of C'anada met in the chapterhouse of Christ Church ( "athedral to elect a Metro- politan in place of tlie late Bishoj) Medley. The bishops present were : The Right Rev. J. Travers Lewis, D.D., Bishop of Ontario; Right Rev. .Arthur Sweatman. D.D., Bishop of Toronto ; Right Rev. William B. Bond. LL.D., Bishop of Montreal; Right Rev. M. S. Baldwin, D.D., Bishop of Huron ; Right Rev. Charles Hamilton, D.D., Bisljop of Niagara ; Right Rev. V. Courtney, D.D., Bishop of Nova .Scotia ; Right Rev. R. T. Kingdon, D.D., Bishop of I'redericton ; Right Rev. A. Hunter Dunn, D.D., Bishop of (^)uebec ; and the Rev. James Baylis, Rector of Longueuil, the secretary. The onl\- absentee was I'ishop Sullivan, of Algonia. now in Kurope. .Xfter a long deliberation, Bisho|) Lewis, of Ontario, was elected Metropolitan. /•(•/'. 2. — i'he masked daylight rf)bbers who raided the jeweler's store on (Jiieen Street West return part of the booty to its owner, accompanying it by an impudent letter signed " D.dton Imitators." Rev. William Wilcox Perrin, \'icar of St. Luke's, Soutliaiiiplon, Lngland, ap|)ointed Bishop of British Columbia. Considerable a|)prehension |)revaile(l in the various cities of ('anada lest cholera should make its appearan<-e from Kurope, and [jrecautionary measures were taken by the authorities. i ■^^ V \ ?«*?sX [22 CANADIAN HAPPENINGS IN iSgj. Feb. 4. —The Canadian Afa^'az/m; a new serial, dejigneil 10 answer ihe purpose paitly of a national review and partly of a popular magazine, and edited by Mr. J. Gordon Mowat, appeared. The first board of directors comprised : Hon. J. C. I'atierson, Minister of Militia; Hon. Tbos. Hallantyne, Speaker of the Local Legislature ; 'I'honias Mulvey, T. H. Best, Dr. John Ferguson, Dr. L. Bentley, G. F. Fiankl.ind, J. G.ordon Mowat (of Toronto), and I'^ihu Stewart (of Collingwood). The initial tuinii)er contained political articles by I) .Alton .\lc('arthy and Principal Grant, l)esides an interesting list of non-political articles by other well-known men. lib. 5. — Mr. Thomas Edison gives his opinion that it would be more expensive to bring electrical power from Niagara Falls than to make the same in Toronto. I'efi. 6. — The masked robbers who adopted the name "Dalton Imitators" caught. Since the robbery at the jeweler's store in Queen Street West, they had made an attempt on the premises of a monetary institution on Church Street, Toronto, namely, the Home Savings and Loan Co.'s Bank. This attempt took place on Friday afternoon, January 27. The officials were engaged at 4. 20 in balancing the books preparatory to closing, when three young men, apparently about twenty-three or twenty-four years of age, entered the building. One of the visitors took his stand in front of the teller's cage, and, putting the nozzles of two revolvers through the bars, ordered the teller, Mr. Wellington Wallace, to throw up his hands. Mr. Wallace did not comprehend what was meant. He thought the man was a friend of one of the clerks trying to perpetrate a silly joke, and with a Jocular remark he went on with his work. The order was peremptorily repeated, and the official then realized that it was no joking matter. He did noi, however, lose his head, but, seizing a chair, held it in front of him, and refused to comply. In the meantime, the second visitor went up to the adjoining counter, where James C. Mason, a nephew of the manager, was at work, and without a word jumped over the counter, and, rushing past Mr. Mason, made a dash for the rear door of the teller's cage. Fortunately, this was securely locked, and baffled any attetn[)t to burst it in. Frustrated in this, the desperado turned as if to rush into the vault ; but either fearing that he might get locked in, or realizing that the situation was getting perilous, he did not carry out his apparent intention. By this time, Mr. Mason and Mr. R. B. Street, the accountant (who was also at his desk), recovered from liic surprise into which they had been thrown, and made an attempt to seize the intruder. A sharp tuzzle ensued, in which Mr. Mason was hit with some sharp instrument over tl e eye. The struggle was a brief one, for the would- be burglar, finding the odds against him, broke away, and, with his companion, suc- ceeded in imking good his escape, both men bolting out of the bank and rushing north and east along .Adelaide Sfeet. An alarm was (juickly given, and one of the office l)oys in the bank followed the men, losing sight of them, however, before they had gone vfery far. They were, however, soon caught i)y the 'I'oronto polic:e. /v/'. /o. — An English lady wrote to the City Solicitor of Toronto, Mr. C. R. W. Biggar, claiming to own the land on which Toronto is built. /'('/'. z^. — Hon. .\Ir. Gardner, President of the British Board of Agriculture, gave a sympathetic hearing in London to a large Scottish deputation, which urj;ed the removal of the restriction on Canadian cattle. Lord Aberdeen, Lord Camperdown, Lird Breadal bane, and eighty representatives of Glasgow, Dundee, .Aberdeen, aid other Scottish bodies, urged the importance of the question to Scotland. President Gardner regretted that the deputation had not awaited the receipt of detailed official reports upon the present condition of Canadian herds, and upon the intentions of the Dominion Gov- ernment regarding the Northwest (}uarantine against United States cattle. Seeing that his conviction was that the disease detected in Canadian cattle was contagious, the law compelled him to be assured that Canada was now absolutely free from disease before removing the schedule, 'ihe experience of the United States showed that, in a large territory, disease might exi^st without the knowledge of responsible authority. Mr. Gardner stated that, personally, he would be very glad to restore the privileges. Pt;/>. iS. — Hon. Edward Blake made his first speech in the British House < f Com- mons. He spoke for an hour and a half, impromptu, in reply to Mr. Chamberlain, dealing forcibly with point after point raised by the latter, and holding the close attention of a full House. While he considered that the Home Rule Bill under discussion amply secured the supremacy of the Im- perial Parliament, Mr. Blake said he objected to the suspension of the land tjuestion for three years. The Irish Parliament, he thought, ought to be empowered to deal at once with the land problem. Much f MMMMWlNNMimH ■^■''■"'wmmsimmm CANADIAN HAPPENINGS IN 1893. "3 enthusiasm was sliowii when the speech was finished, hotli l,il)erals and Irish menihers cheering loudly, the latter standing and waving their hats. Mr. Blake was warmly compliniented by a distinguished member of the { abinet, who is said to have declared the sjjeech one of the best ever heard within the walls of I'arliament. March 6. Won. Hugh Nelson, ex Gov- ernor of British Columbia, died in London. Marcli /./. — Lady Mowat, wife of .Sir Oliver .Vfowat died in 'I'oronto. March 2j. — The gang known as the *' Dalton Imitators " sentenced to tiftcen, ten, anrl three years respectively, deorge Bennett, the leader, was sentenced to five years in the Kingston Penitentiary on each of the three charges against him, niaking fifteen years in all. He pleaded for lenienc-y for the sake of his young wife and child, who are left unprovided for ; but Judge McDougall reminded him that they should have been a consideration to him before he entered on his evil life. William Archer received two terms of ten years in the penitentiary, the sentences to run concurrently. Archer also begged the clemency of the court, protesting that he had been led astray by Norris, who, he said, supplied him with money and liciuor. The same plea was put forward by PMward Archer, the last of the trio, who said that on the day of the Roberts' robbery Norris (who, it will be remembered, turned Queen's evidence) had made him drunk and given him a revolver. His Honor remarked that he was persuaded that the prisoner had been ecjually guilty as his comrades in the Home Savings Company affair, desjjite the jury's acquittal. He sentenced the prisoner to three years in Kingston I'eni- tentiary. Afarch jr. — Mrs. Alexander Macken/.ie, widow of the late ex-Premier of Canada, died at Toronto. Apr// jr.— The new Parliament Buildings at Toronto were opened with great ceremony. .7//-// J(^. — The Sons of England lifeboat, the "(Irace Darling," was put into com- mission in Toronto Harbor for the season in the presence of an interested and en- thusiastic assemblage, numbering over 2,000 persons. The ceremonies were conducted by Mr. Ri<;hard Caddick, High Admiral, and other members of the Admiralty Board. A/civ J. — The steamer "Chippewa," the biggest boat ever constructed in Ontario, launched at Hamilton. The "Chippewa " is 302 ft. long between perpendiculars. 307 ft. on the deck, and 311 ft. over all. Her moulded beam is _^6 ft., and over the guards she is 67 ft., with depth of 13 ft. 6 in. The "Chippewa" is propelled l)y a walking beam engine of 3,100 horsepower, with 57in. cylinder and i i-ft stroke. She has live boilers, each 21 ft. long, and 11 ft. 4 in. in diameter. She is a side-wheeler, of the feathering bucket type, and much after the style of the magnificent Hud.son River steamers. In the matter (jf finishing and fitting, she is ahead of anything on Canadian waters. May J. The steamer "City of Colling- wood" launched at Owen Soimd. The "City of Collingwood " was constructed by Owen Soimd's veteran shi()builder, Captain John Simpson. She is 214 ft. long over all, with 34 It. beam ; depth of hold, 13 ft. Her inill is painted black and her bottom red. She is fitted with triple expansion engines, and is calculated to run about 20 knots an hour. Her cylinders are 18, 30, and 48, with 30-in. stroke. The boilers are steel .Scotch tight, 9 ft. in diameter, 1 1 ft. in length, tested to 162 lbs. The propeller wheel is 10 ft. 8 in. in diameter. The engines and boilers were manufactured by Messrs. Inglis & Sons, Toronto; while the steam-steering gear and capstans are from the Scotch firm of Messrs. Fisher & Co., Paisley. The propeller and hoisting gear, together with the rudder fittings, were sup- plied hy the local firm of Messrs. Kennedy & Sons. All of these contrivances are of the most modern design. The vessel is roomy, there benig a large deck space for freight and live stock. .Aft of the engine- loom are the purser's and steward's offices and (juarters, smoking-room, baths, baggage and engineers' rooms, all on the main deck. The saloon is 180 ft. long, and the dining saloon will comfortably seat 100 passengers. The furnishings are handsome, being oak throughout, and are supplied by Messrs. .Mian & Co., Toronto. There are fifty-one state-rooms, which will accommodate 150 passengers. Alayro. — The magnificent structure erected by the Confederation Life Association o"- Richmond, Yonge, and \ictoria Streets, To- ronto, was formally opened, the auspicious oci-asion being celebrated by an elaborate bancpiet tendered by the president and directors to a large numSer of prominent and representative citizens. /i/>ie J. -A dreadful murder was com- initted at St. (Jeorge de (^larenceville, in the ('ounty of Mississiquoi, Que., whereby Omri Edy, an old farmer of seventy-one 124 CANADJAN IIAPPENIXCS IX iSgj. years, and his wife and dauKhtci, lost their lives. 'I'he deed was disc(-vered by John Ciilhert, a Fren('h-('anadian, who workeil the Oniri farm and shared in the [)rofits. His house was about half a milt- south of the scen<,' of the tragedy. Hetween the two intervened extensive barns, stables, and out- buildings, which, with the shade Ireos, shut out the view from one to the other. .\c cording to custom, (liibert rose about 4 o'clock, and j)roc('edi;d to the barn to feed the stock. He was theie probably twenty minutes ; and when he came out at the north side, as near as he could judge, about Looking through a window, which was near the bed of Mr. and Mrs. Kdy, he observed that it had never been occupied. JJreaking a pane, lie thrust his hand in, and pulled off the counterpane to salisfv himself that no one was really there. He liien ran back to the door which he liad first broken in, and, as the outburst of smoke had cleared away, he observed a wonian lying on her back on the floor at the left of the threshold, and about four feet from it. Thinking that she had l)een suffocated, he picked her up and carried her out to the lawn. He there recognized her as Miss Edy, although her r,. i I lif "Nl.sA, c6-lc>OT SkIKI', on l.TRdNI.) HaV. 4.45, he saw tlit; Omri house was on fire. 'I'o use his own expression, smoke " big as a barrel " was rising from the summer kitchen in the rear. He ran across the garden, a space about 100 yards, and, rushing up to the west door, facing the road, broke it in with his foot and shouted " Kire ! fire ! " \r\ outburst of smoke drove him away. He was well acquainted with the ])lan of the house, and knew that the old couple were in the habit of sleeping in a bedroom on the ground floor in the northeast corner, and that the daughter generally occupied the room above them. He therefore ran around the house in order to arouse the sleepers. eyes were blackened and her face covered with blood. The ()erpetrators of the crime were not dis("overed. June 12. — In the I'olice Court, (leorge Pyke, the defaulting accountant of the Imperial Hank, who had been brought back from Kansas City, pleaded guilty to the charges of embezzlement [)referred against him, the amounts named in the four specified charges totalling about $3,700. Magistrate Baxter occupied the Bench. The prisoner asked the Crown Attorney if he might go immediately before the County Judge for sentence, and, that official agreeing, Mr. CANADIAN HAPrENlNGS IN iSgj. IJaxter ctiiumitted him for trial accordingly. Pyke was thereupon taken across to the chambers of County Judge Morgan, and repeatei before him his plea of guilty, fudge Morgan, in passing sentence, alluded to the prisoner's excellent character prtjvious to the offence of which he now stood con- victed, and to the fact that the bank officials had asked for clemency on his l)ehair He sentenced him lo three months' hard labor in the C'entral I'rison. June 28. — Facsimiles of the fleet in which Columbus sailed on his voyage of discovery in 141)4 visiteil Toronto. I'he vessels were the " Santa Maria," the " Pinta," and the "Nina"; and they were in charge of Spanish crews, under the command of Captain Victor ma Concas y Palan, (^apitan de I'ragata. 'I'hey were visited during the day of their stay by thousands of the citizens. /une JO. — The following Inillelin recording the weather of the j)ast month was issued at 'I'oronto Observatory : .Atmospheric pressure. — The mean atmos- pheric pressure reduced to sea level was 29.974, being 0.023 above the' average. The greatest pressure — 30.241 — occurred at 8 a.m. of the 8th, and the least - 29.526 — at 2 p.m. of the 22nd, giving a monthly range of 0.715 in. Temperature. -The mean tem|)erature was 66.47, ''eing 4.40 higher than the a\erage of fifty-three years, and 1.43 higher than June, 1892. The highest temperature- -90.7 — occurred on the 19th, and the lowest — 48.5 - on the 7th. The warmest day was the 19th, mean temperature 77.20; and the coldest the 1st, mean temperature 59.62. On each of twenty-four days the mean temperature was above the average of that particular day, and below on six days. Dew Poin'— The mean temperature of the dew point was 58.2. Humidity 'l"he mean humidity was 75, being 2 per cent, above the average. Cloudiness — The mean amount of cloud was 48, being 5 per cent, below the average. Sunshine — The number of hours of direct sunshine was 252.1 ; number of hours pos- sible, 465.7 ; ratio, 0.54. Precipitation — Rain fell on fifteen days to a depth of 1830 in., being 1.089 ''i- below the a' -rage. Heaviest day's fall, 0.560 in., on thi oth. W- I — Average velocity without regard to direction, 6.70 miles per hour. Most windy day, nth; mean velocity, 15.5 miles; greatest velocity in one hour, 28.0 miles, from 3 to 4 p.m. of the 22nd. '25 Aurora on i8ih. Fog on 3rd, 5th, 14th, 2 1 St, and 22nd. Solar halos on 6th and 14th. I'hunder or lightning on 2nd, 4th. 10th, i5ih, 17th, 21st, 24th, and 25th. July I. -Great celebration of Dominion Day at the Chicago iCxposiiion. The Maple Leaf and Beaver (of (Janada), the Union Jack and Lion (of England), the Stars and Stripes and Hagle (of the United States), and the Tricolor (of France), mingled at the Fxiiosition during the celebration of Dominion Day, the twenty-sixth anniversary of the Provincial Federation. 'TheCanadian- .Vmerican League, the French -Canadian Society in Chicago, visiting and resident Canadians and (englishmen, officials from both tiie mother country and colony, and the whole brigade of British artillery, cavalry, infantry, and bandsmen who make up the tournament here, participated enthusiastically in the demonstration. Chicago's Mayor aroused a succession of hisses in Festival Hall, in the afternoon, by carrying his annexation talk a little too far to suit many of the Canadians who heard him. One of them, a young man, was so carried away by his desire to show himself a loyal subject of the Queen that he tried to tear down one of the British flags resting against the Stars and Stri[)es over the platform above him. He was unable, however, to pull it down to wave it before the audience, as he had intended to; so he contented himself by interjecting remarks in the Mayor's s[)eech and joining in the hisses. 'The Mayor's annexation sentiments at first were taken as a joke more than seriously ; but when he went on to speak of the Union Jack being wrapped out of sight in the folds of the Stars and .Stripes, the Britons in the audience showed their di-^a[)proval by vigorous hissing, and the same unpleasant sounds came from the distinguished persons on the (ilatform. 'The celebration began with the British military officers and men, headed by their band, marching into the park through the 57th Street date. An immense throng of people followed the waiting veterans, and kept step with the music. 'The route was past the State Building, and by the Lake Shore drive to the Canadian Pavilion. A mass of people filled the interior of the building and the avenues leading to it. 'The Hags of England and the Dominion floated from every flag staff on the pavilion and across the roadway on Victoria House. 'The band [)layed a little on the pavilion, and then the « military procession went to the 'Transportation I5uild- ing, where stands the draped model of the sunken battleshij) " Victoria." 'There was no standing-room to spare in the main aisle v C.I.V.t/>/.l \ //I /•//■: \/.\(jS /.\ /,sv,; 126 of ihc l)iiiliimy .i> the lianti [il.ijctl tla- " I >c;ul March in Saul, "and the crowd stood with uncovered heads. I'he procession was late in leaciiinj; l'' prettily di;<()rate(l with the (Canadian tla:; ;ind Union Jack. On the |)latlorni sat more than 200 prDiuinent ('anadian men and women (some in priwite lili-. I mi maiu occupying public pl.ne^). .\niong them were' The l.ieutenant-l lovernor ot' ()nt,irH]. Mr. (ieorgc .\. Kirk|).itrick ; Mr. (ieorije K. R. (.'ockhurn, .\l.l', lor ( entre Toronto. Honorary ('ominissioiur to the I'air and ('haiiinan of ihe lAeicises; Senator T.isse. of Montre.il, Honorary ( 'omnn.ssioncr to the Fair; Mr. John I'earscin, I're.sident of the Canadian .American I,eat;ue of (."hicaKo; .Mr. 1'-. R. (loudie, I'resident of the World'^ Kair Scottish games; .Mr. I']. R. IJaker, I'resident of the .Scottish Assembly of ("hi- c:ago ; and ("anon HrucheM, of tlu' Montre.il Cathedral. Others on the |ilatform «(.ie : Mayor Harrison; Col. J. Hayes Sailer, Hritish Consul; Sir Henry Truman Wood, of the British (Jommission ; Mr. Walker l'"earn, Chief of the I'oreign .Affairs Depart ment ; Mr. Frederick I )ouglass. and many l'"tench ('anadian business men of Chicai^o. July 6. — 'I'he great International (Christian Endeavor (Convention was opened at Mon treal under the most auspicious cinum stances 'I'he visitors were treated to beautiful weather, and the arrangements made by the local committee were so per feet that everything was c<.>nducted without the slightest hitch. Karly morning [irayer meetings were held in St. James' Methodist (!luirch, St. Matthew's l'resl)vterian Church, ICrskinc I'resbyteriaii (.'hurch, 1 )oug)as .Metho- dist (,'hurch, and the .American l'resl>)ieri.>n (Jhurch. Notwithstanding the early hour 6.30 in the morning -the services were all well attended. When I'resid.-ent Clark took the chair at the Drill Fiall at 10 o'clock, a.nl called the coinention to order, the immense hall contained between five and six thousand delegates. The fair se.\ pre- dominated, and, in fact, one of the most noticeable features of the convention is the prominent part taken by the women in the proceedings. Wliile the actual attendance of delegates is not up to the first estimates, there must be nearly ten thousand visitors in the city, and both the Drill Hall and lent were thronged with great crowds during the day. A distinguished excursion party passed over the new Electric Line along the Niagara River. 'I'he road is the best equipped electri( line on the conliiieiu, and nothing was left iindoni' in its construction that could in any way aiid to ili safety or convenience. Thi' ballast is -ot broken stone ; the lies are l.irge ; the r;iils are heavy, and of the very be.'-t steel ; the brwljies arc of steel, resting on abutments and jx ilesials ot iIk finest masonry; .md .ill cur\cs are tl.o:oiighly prote give the tourists a splendid oppori unity of seeing the river and denseK-wooded banks, h'roin the viaduct, which is 500 ft. long and 1 55 (i. high, over the Whirlpool ravine, the \'.'liirl- |)ool Rapids, Suspension and (!antilever bridges, and tlie town of Niagara lalls, are seen in the distance. On the return journey, a visit was paid to the ]iower house near the I'alls, which is a solitl stone structure, fitted up with the latest improvements in electric apparatus. The water from which the power is obtained is taken from the rapids just above the I'alls by a lluine, 200 it. long, to the gates, where it plunges a depth of 62 ft. on to the turbines below, and is then carried away by a tunnel ()oo ft. long, discharging underneatli the l-'alls. The power is conveyed by the proper shafting and belting to the dynamos in such a manner that any reipiired lumdier of these machines may be used as necessity demanils. iil. InIEKIOK, ChLKlII ok THK GKSU, MllNlKKAI. 128 c.LV.i/)/.t.\ UAJ'/'/:.\jxas /\ /%? IJ .s ■ A>- Rirtes, Montreal ; SuiflScr^^l. J. Crowe, ist Battalion, lY'terliorou^li ; Staff-Sergt. J. H. Simpson, 1 2th Battalion, Toronto ; Statf Sergt. J. Rolston, 20II1 IJatiaiion, H«gers- ville; Private W. l,an^strotli, 02nil Battalion, Hami)ton, N.B.; I'rivate H. (1. Heaven, 20th Battalion. Boyne, Out.; Staff-Sergt. A. J. (Ireen, 21st Battalion, Kssex, Ont.; Sergt. J. Drysdale, M ("i.A., Montreal ; Private K. Tink, (l.Ci.K.C i., Ottawa; Sergt. M. C. Muniford, 63r(l Battalion, Halifax; ijergt. B. R. Bent, t)3r(l Battalion, Amherst, N.S.; Lieutenant J. Linipcrt, 29th Battalion, Preston, Ont.; Lieutenant 'P. ('. Boville, 43rd Battalion, ()ttaw;i ; Lieutenant R. |. Spearing, 53rd Battalion, Sherbrooke, <^)ue.; Battery Sergt. -Major ("ase, H.('...\., Halifax; Lieutenant J. Dover, 78th Battalion, Truro, N.S. Pile team were all in the best of health, the commandant being Lieut. -Col. F. C. Denison, of 'Poronto. .\t the Montreal Presbytery, the heresy case of Rev. Prof. John Campbell was taken up. I'he Moderator, Rev. \V. R. Cruik- shanks, presided ; and among the more prominent delegates present were : Re\s. A. J. Mowatt, James Paterson, James Kleck, J. Nichols, Dr. Robertson, Prof. Ross, 'P. Bennett, S. J. laylor, I'rof. Beadreau, J. MacCiillivray. Prof. Scrimger, J. M. Crombie, W. D. Morrison, Dr. .McDonald, Dr. War- den, J. L. Morin, Principal Mac Vicar, Dr. Robert Campbell, J. K. Duclos, C. B. Ross, Prof. Coussirat, V. M. Dewey, (i. C. Heine, W. Forlong, R. T. Duclos, Dr. .Mackay, \V. D. Reid, and Messrs. L). Morrice, J. A. Stewart, W. D. McLaren, John Murray, Stephen 'Phompson, and William Drysdale. Dr. Robert Campbell moved that the follow- ing report of the committee l)e received and considered : " 'Phe committee appointed to confer with Prof. Campbell beg to report that they met with him on the 7th day of this month, all themeinbers being present. Prof. Campbell having acknowledged the substantial correctness of his lecture, a lengthened conference was held with him. Prof. Campbell acknowledged that he had spoken somewhat strongly in the lecture, but declared that he still adhered to the main position taken therein, as previously com municated to the Presbytery in his letter of June 6, 1893, namely, his disbelief in the entire inerrancy of the inspired revelation of the Old 'Pestament. All of which is respect- fully submitted. D. H. MacV^icar, W. R. Cruikshanks, Robert H. Warden, Robert Campbell, James Paterson. /ulyi2. — Immense gatherings of the Orange Order in all parts of Ontario. July ij. 'I'he ( lo\ernor (ieneral and Lady Derby paid their farewell to Montreal, where they have had many pleasant times during their live >ears' sojourn in Canada. Phe day was a busy one for the distinguished visitors. During the early part of the morning, they received a number of callers at tile Windsor Hotel, including Chief Justice Sir .Mexander Licoste, Administrator of the Province in the absence of Lieutenant- (iovernor (Jhapleau, and Lady Lacoste. At 1 1 o'clock they left the hotel in an open carnage, and, escorted by a troop of the Duke of Connaught Hussais, drove to 'the new Board of Prade Building. Here the party, which consisted of the ICarl and (.'ountess of Derby, Lady Isabelhi Stanley, .Mrs. Lyster, and Major Walsh, . A. I ).C., were received by Mr. W. \V. Ogilvie, the President (jf the iioard, and members of the council. 'l"he visit was a purely informal one, there being no address or speeches. 'I'here was a large number of members on 'Change at the time, and, as the distinguished visitors passed through the Exchange Hall, the members sang " God Save the Queen." After being shown through the new building, the visitors reentered their caniage and were driven to the (!ity Hall, where the civic reception took place. 'Phe party was received by .Mayor Desjardins, City (!lerk David, and the members of the Civic Reception Com- mittee. A guarci of honor, composed of one hundred men from the 6tli Fusiliers, was in attendance. .As the visitors passed into the (Jity Hall, the guard of honor saluted and the band played the National Anthem. Lord and Lady Derby and the members of the party were escorted to the Council Chamber, which had been beautifully decorated with natural flowers. 'Phere was a large attendance of the aldermen and their friends, and the public was fairly well represented. Mayor Desjardins read the following ad- dress, first in I'^nglish and then in French : " Po the Right Honorable Frederick Arthur, P:arl of Derby, O.C.B., C.C.M.G., etc., etc. " My Lord ; We, the Mayor and Council of the city of Montreal, would assure your Excellency on this, the eve of your departure for FLiigland, of our sincere regret at the interruption of the happy relations that have existed between you and the people of Canada. Of the long line of able and illustrious administrators who have occupied the seal of viceregal power in this Dominion, no representative of Her Majesty came to us with loftier claims to respect, both for '!li •wawraKf" 1 CAN.tn/.IX IIAPPENIS\;S IN iSi^j. I 21) hereditary honors and personal characu-r anil st'rvices. Associated for years with our affairs as head of the ('(;lonial < >tfice, your Kxccllency, in roininn to Canada, caiiie not as a stranger anionj; strangers, liut as a Veteran Minister and an expert in matters colonial anionj,' those who knew you l)y reputation. I'roni the day of your Ivxcel- len( y's arrival, the heart of tlu' ('anadian people was wholly yours. The confidence which we had previously based on your repute was ileepened l)y personal knowledge into profound trust and strong aiiachiiieiu. We learned to prize your high sense of justice, your strict impartiality, your generous disregard of tiie cl.imors of prejudice. Kvery year of your Kxcelleni:y's administration tended to strengthen in ('anadian breasts the sentiment of loyalty to the throne and of good will to )our Lordship's person. With heaitfelt sympathy, the people of Canadi siiared in the distressful susfiense that awaited, not without dread, the fate of a beloved son. With joy we hailefl the news of that son's recovery, .\gain, when the hand of Kale touched the chief of your noble race, we condoled with the sorrow ing household, knowing what virtues hatl vanished from the earth. Hut we fell the solace of the poet's words, ' Man omnis iiMiiar^ as doubly true', and that a noble example is a grand heritage. It is the lustre of such examples that gives significance to your Lordship's motto, 'Sans (//i ///!,'('/-,' and makes true nobility a deathless heirloom. " My i^ord, our functions authorize us to speak for one city only. We have ^one be)ond our mandate, and have spoken for the whole Dominion; but we speak 'n an especial manrcr for Montreal, which is our country's business metropolis. We s|)eak for both sections of our twofold |)opulalion, for all creeds and classes ; and, in bidtling your Excellency adieu, we would respectfully in- clude in our homage your gracious con sort, the (lountess of Derby. In a sense peculiarly true, Her Excellency has been the first lady of the land, and the mothers and daughters of Canada are sorry to part with her. •' Be assured, my 1 .ord, that, whatever Destiny may have in store for you, the good wishes of the people of Montreal will accompany the (Countess and yourself, and all the members of )Our family." /i//v 26. — I'irst trip of the new steamer "Chippewa" to Niagara. Aus. I. — The sixty fourth session of the (irand Orange Lodge of British America commenced at Sault Ste. Marie, Mr. N. Clarke Wallace, M.I'., Grand Master, in the chair, and the following delegates also being present : lion. Mackenzie Howell, I'.Ci.M.; K. !•'. Clarke. M.l'.l', D.C.M.; Kev. J. Melliwell, (irand (,'hapl. in ; R. Birmingham, (irand Se< retar)' ; \V. J. rarkhiU. (irand 'i'rcasurer ; James Kelly, < irand i,ecturer ; I'",. Moody, (i.D. Cor.; Rural Dean Cooper, D.(i. Chaplain; jaines Thompson, D.(i. Lecturer; John She|)pard, D.(i. Lecturer; .Major .S. Hughes, .M.I'., (irand Auditor; W. H. Stewart, (irand Auditor; Thomas Keyes, I'.d., Se. Ratz, 'Tavistock; William Pearson, Singhampton ; J. E. Pearen, Brampton ; J. H. Dracass, Strcetsville ; (ieo. Shepherd, D. (J. 'Thomson, Orillia ; William dalbraith, 'Toronto; John dalbraith, Allandale ; V. L. (ireen, (ireenwood; N. Wenger, Ayton ; Joshua Howard, Hagersville ; James Old, Caledonia ; Jas. Huxtable, Homing's Mills ; Robert H.Vick, Orillia; S. R. Stuart, Mitchell ; W. J. Howson, 'I'eeswater ; A. McFall, Bolton ; T. F. Brown, Welland ; John Brown, Toronto ; J. D. Saunby, To- ronto ; Cj. S. Baldwin, Aurora; James l-'air, Clinton ; John Hull, Lakefield ; V. 'T. Dexter, Sebringville ; 'Thomas Soulds, Oak- ville ; Robert Noble, Nerval ; John Mackay, Bowmanville ; George H. Harper, Dundas ; W. W. Meldrum, Peterborough ; John W. Megers, Listowel ; John 1). Flavelle, Lind- say; 'Thomas Sadler, Lindsay; William . vv. '. R. II, St. I; A. lllt-n- r. (). dale ; CAyADIAX HAPl'K Snider, Waterloo; W. I> M.u e, Tii in worth ; (1. S. Mi(l(l;ui|{li. hiiiinvilli' ; M. M. Schinidt, Nrwtonlirodk; ami N. V>- Kolston, Hamilton. Hasehall Cirounds duriiiK six days. Aiis^. 31. dr.uid military parade in To- ronto of a loiiipany nf llritisli soldiers. Kxhilntions df military tactics nivtii at the I he Royal Canadian I iragnons arrived in Toronto from (^)uebec per special ('. I'. K. train. 'I'hey disembarked at the (.)iieen's Wharf, where they were met hy l.ieut.- Col. Otter and the hand of the Koyal ('anadian Infantry, vh(» escorted them to their new quarters in the fort, where tliey received a rousing welcome from those who uill now he their comrailes. The corps numbers fifty two nun, in two detachments ; uiie mnunlid, the other on foot. The coMimandinn olticer is l.ieut.Col. I'. ( r. Turnhull, wiio served through the Northwest with distinction. Under him arc Captain F. T. I.i'ssard, adjutant, and Lieutenant William Forrester, the latter an athlete of some reputation. .Many of the men have seen active service and wear honorable decorations. Twelve of the men are hlnglish horn, four Irish, two Scotch, and the rest Canadian. The uniform is scarlet tunics and tri)users of dark blue with yellow facings. The corps was organi/fed ten years af.!0 by Lieut. -Col. Turnt)ull in (Jucbec, where it speedily became very i)opular. I'hey .vere originally called Hussars, and a few weeks ago were converted into dragoons, when their uniform was changed from dark blue to red. 'i'he corps has the reputation of having been always smart and soldier like in the city where it was born, trained, and fitteil for duty ; and " their conduct during the ten years of its existence," says The Qtiehec Chri>nich\ " has been circumspect to the highest degree.'' Aii^. 26. — Considerab'e agitation having taken place on the Sunday Street Car question in Toronto, the vole was taken on the subject, and resulted as follows : M.tji.ril>' M.ij.Tily AK.ints'. Wiir.l. Fit- At.iinst. ^ ^^ I 1,412 i.3*'6 26 2 2,.M7 2.769 . 422 3 3.<77 3.3'9 142 4 2.749 2,876 127 5 2,079 2,282 .. 203 6 1,390 1,525 •• '35 Tot.-ils.. 13,154 14,157 1.029 13. '54 26 Total majority against Sunday cars. 1,003 Total votes ca.st 27,311 The following shows the olilicial figures by wards of the vote upon the Sunday Car V7,V6'.V /,\' iSgj. 131 i|uesiion recorded at the municipal elections of January, i8i)2 : W.it.l Vi... N.iy, I 1,047 '>4'>*< a 1.763 2,«i4j 3 2,660 3,5cy^> 4 2.193 2,777 5 1.585 2.352 6 1,094 2,601 10,351 14,287 Total vole call 24,63K Majorit) acainxt 3<03(> .SV/iA j-. Mr. Wilfrid I.aurier, the Domin ion Liberal leader, miuguratetl his Ontario campaign of political meetings at Newin.itket, and was enthusiastically welcomed by an audience numbering from six to seven thousand people. .Speeches were delivered by several of the Reform leaders, and all agreed that the demonstration was the most successful they had ever attended. Mr. I.aurier spoke for over an hour and a ipiarter, dealing with the arbitration in Paris on the sealing cpiesiion, the Canadi.m tariff, and the .Manitoba school (piestion. He inveighed against the policy of protection at considera- ble length, and pleaded for a tariff for revenue o'lly. Slating that protecti(jn took more from the people than it put into the treasury. In su[i[)ort of this, he .said, among other things, that while the Canadian tariff on sugar [)uts $80,000 in the treasury, it |)iits $600,000 in the pockets of the refiners. Mr. \. S. Hardy, .M.IM'., Commissioner of Crown Lands, announced that, before long, the people would have an opportunity of expressing their opinion of Sir Oliver .Mowat and his government. While Mr. Laurier was speak- ing, the crowd on the platform became so great that the whole structure went to the ground with a crash. It broke down evenly, and, fortunately, no one was injured. There was danger of a .stampede towards the ruins: but Mr. lames Sutherland, .M.P. P., caimed the rising terror by commanding all to remain quiet. None remained calmer than Mr. and .Madame Laurier. Mr. I^urier stood erect where he had dropped, turned his head slightly around, saw that his wife was seated calmly on the bench upon which she went down, and slowly said to those about him who showed signs of excitement : "Oh, I see she is all right ; I always said she would make a good soldier." In a few minutes Mr. laurier was standing on the .eporters* table, and from that eminence concluded his address. Sept. J. — Mr. C. H. Tupper, .Minister of Marine and Fisheries, received notification that Her .Majesty, in recognition of the value of his services as British agent in the Behring ',<- C.I.V.I/)/.LV IIAPPE Se;i arhitratiun, had conferred upon liim tlie title of RniglU Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. (leorge. .\s his father, the High Commissioner, is a t)aronet, his title will, of course, descend to his eldest son, Mr. Stewart 'I'lipper, of Winnipeg. The Minister of Marine and i'isheries received the nolilication in the form of a message from (leiieral .Montgomery .VIoore, adminis Irator pendme; the arrival of Lord .\berdeen. Sept. /J. .V gathering of the first imi)or- tance to the Church of ICngland in Canada took [)lace in Toronto, and was continued several days. In ])ursuance of a call issued by the Metro[)olitan of the Province of Canada, suggested by resolution of the I'roviiicial Synods of Canada and Rupert's Land, delegates from seventeen dioceses met in 'I'rinity College for the purpose of forming a CJeneral Synod for the Dominion of Can ada. There are twenty dioceses in Hiitish America, of which tinee were not repre- sented — Newfoundland, Selkirk, and (.Cale- donia. Of the seventeen other dioceses sending delegates, the bishops of fourteen xt'cre present. The episcopal heads of Montreal, Moosonee, and .Mackenzie River were those absent. ISesides their Lordships, there were seventy-two dul\' accrciiited dele- gates present, jf whom thiriyh)ur are laymen. In the early part of the dav a solemn service was held in St. Alban's ( 'athedral, and at 3 o'clock the delegates assembled in the (Convocation Hall of Trinity (College to get down to business. Some surprise was created by the action of the bishops, who, after the Metropolitan of Canada had named a tern poru'V chairman, marched in a body out of the meeting, leaving the clergy and laity to slnft for themselves. Their Lordships pro- ceeded t the library, and in private conclave proceedec to the House of Bishops, while the delegates discussed for a coui)le of hours the best method of getting them back again. It ai)pears that the bishops assumed that the Cicneral Synod was in session when the meeting was opened; whereas the delegates, or the majority of them, considered the proceedings as merely preliminary to the formation of the Cicneial Synod. If the assumption of their Lordships were ac- knowledged as correct, the (juestion of an Upper and a I,ower House would be tacitly settled ; but the clerical and lay delegates desired evidently that tiiat (piestion, along with all others affecting the constitution, should be freely discussed and voted up(jn. The following report of a joint committee was ultimately agreed n[)on : "That having considered the actions of the Provincial .\v.\y;.s- /.\' /.sV.?. S)nods of Canada and Rupert's Land, and of the several dioceses, your committee are of tlu: opinion that the position of this body now is that it is prepared to declare itself a ( leneral Synod (jn the following basis, subject to any amendments which may be made and assented to at this session : We, tlu; bishops of the Holy Catholic Church, in full communion with the Church of L'.ngland, together with the delegates from the clergy and laity now assembled in the first (leneral Synod of the Church in the Dominion of ( "anada, hereby make the following solemn declaration : We desire the Church, in the Dominion of (Canada, to continue an inte- gral portion of the great .\nglican communion composed of the churches which- united under one divine Head in the fellowship of one (Catholic and Apostolic Church, holding one faith, revealed in Holy Writ, and defined in the creeds as maintained by the undivided Primitive ('hurch in the four Ecumenical (Councils, receiving the same canonical scrip' ires of the Old and New Testaments, as containing all things necessary to salvation — teach the same Word of (lod, partake of the sanie divinely ordained sacraments, through the ministry of the same apostolic orders, and worshi[) one Cod and Father through the same Lord Jesus Christ, by the same holy and divine Spirit, which is given to those that believe to guide them into all truth ; and we are determined, bv the help of (lod, to hold and m.iintain the doctrines and sacraments of Christ, together with the order and government of the Cluirci' as the Lord hath commanded in His Holy Word, and as the Church of I'jigland hath received and set forth the same in the i?ook of Common Prayer, and administration of the sacraments, aiid other rights and ceremonies of the Church according to the use of the Church of England, together with the Psalter or, Psalms of David, a()pointed as they are to be sung or said in churches, and the form or manner of making, ordaining, and consecrating all bishojis, priests, and deaions, and in the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion, and to transmit the same, unim- paired, to our posterity." The following constitution was also agreed ui)on : " I. There shall be a Ceneral Synod, consisting of the bishops of the Church of England in the Dominion of (Canada, and of delegates ( hosen from the clergy and the laity, 'i'he delegates shall be chosen by the several Diocesan Synods according to such rules as they may adopt, or, in a diocese which has no synodical organization, may bo appointed by the bishop. The representation CANADIAN HAPPENINGS IN iSgj. 134 shall be a; follows : Dioct-ses liaviiif^ fewer than twenty-five licensed clergymen, one delegate from each order ; dioceses having twenty five and fewer ilian fifty licensed clergymen, two of each order ; tlioceses having fifty and fewer than one luindrcd, three of each order : dioceses having one hundred liiensed clergymen and upwards, four of each order. '■ 2. The Synod shall consist of two Houses the bishops constiiiitiiig the Upper, and the clergy and laity together the Lower House. The clergy and laity shall vote by orders, if rei|uired. "3. The president of the General Synod, who shall be styled the Primate, shall be elected by the House of Bishops from among the metropolitans or bishops not in any ecclesiastical province. The I'rimate shall hold office for life, or so long as he is bishop of any diocese (jf the Cicneral Synod ; never- theless, he may resign at any time. " 4. 'i'he Cleneral Synod shall have the power to deal with all matters affecting in any way the general interests and well-being of the Church within its jurisdiction : pro- vided that no canons or resolutions of a coercive <~haracter, or involving penalties or disal)ilities, shall be operative in any ecclesiastical province, or in any diocese not included in an ecclesiastical province, until accepted by the synod of such province or diocese, and that the jurisdiiHion of the (leneral Synod shall not withdraw from the Provincial Synod the right of passing upon any object falling within its jurisdiction at the time of the formation of the Cienera! Synod. "5. The following, or such lik' objects, may be suggested as properly comi ig within the jurisdiction of the General Synod : " (a) Matters of doctrine, worshi[), and discipline. " {/>) All agencies employed in the carrying on of the gent-ral work of the Church. '■ (c) The general missionary and educa- tional work of the Church. "((/) The adjustment, with consent of the dioceses, of the relations between dioceses in respect to Clergy, Widows' and Or[)hans', and Superannuati [)?, within a i)rovince, shall be dealt with by the synod of that province. "( /') That nothing in the foregoing schemt or in the constitution to be framed there- under shall affect any canons or •■nactments of the provincial or diocesan synods in force at the lime of the raiilication of said consti- tution by this .Synod. " 7, For the e.xpenses of the Synod, includ- ing th(; necessary travelling expenses of the members, there shall he an annual assessment of the dioceses, proportioned to their repre- sentation, exempting those which are entitled to send only one representative of each order. " 8. The words, 'ecclesiastical province,' heretofore used, shall mean any group of dioceses under the jurisdiction of a Pro- vincial Synod. "9. W'e declare that the General Synod, when formed, does not intend to, and shall not, take away from or interfere with any rights, powers, or jurisdiction of any diocesan synod within its own lerri;orial limits, as now held or exercised by such diocesan synod. " 10. We decl.ire that the constitution of a General Synod involves no change in the existing system of Provincial Synods, but the retention or abolition of Provincial Synods is left to be dealt with according to the re(]uireinents of the various provinces as to such provinces and the dioceses therein may seem proper." On Sept. 18, in St. James' Cathedral, Toronto, a solemn and impressive service was held in celebration of the organization and establishment of the General Synod of Canada. The sermon was preached by the Bishop of New Westminster, the cathedral being crowded to the doors. At the meeting of the General Synod, on the following day, the announcement was made that the most Rev. R. Machray, Metropolitan of Rupert's Land, had been elected by the bishops Primate of all Canada. By this action he becomes Archbishop of Rupert's Land ; and by virtue of a resolu- tion passed by the General Synod, the Metro[)olitan of the Province of Canada, Bishop Lewis, becomes the Archbishop of Ontario. Shortly after the House of Dele gates opened, the House of Bishops sought an audience. When they reached the jilat- form. Bishop NLichray ascended the throne. This was the first intimation of his election, and it was received with loud applause. Oct. ~. — John R. Hoojier, who is charged with the alleged murder of his wife, is arrested at Port Ho[)e. A great demonstration held at Glencoe, Ont., in favor of Sir John Thompson's r r i CANADIAN HAPPENINGS IN iSi^j. '35 Ooveriinient. On 'he plaiturm w^re the fol- lowing niemhers of thu C'al)init : Sir John Thompson, Sir Adolplu- Caion, Mr. John Haggnrt, Mr. T. Mayne Daly, and Mr. N. C'larke WallaiL', who joined the party here, and the followinjj; gentlemen- 1 )r. Roome, M.K; .Messrs. \. I). Ingram, M.I'.; J. A. I.eitch, Reeve of (ilencoe ; A. H. Backhouse, I'mk .Most Rev. . in i.kf.ai hui i \in ,\ni> in hik puini ii'ai, coin ikiks ok iiik ci.ohk. h 5, in Ciieat iJiitaii'. and the world at larj^c, was not marked !))■ any very great events. It saw the marriages of two of the(^)ii(!en's LjraiuU hiidren. In the llritish Parlia- ment, it saw the Home Rule Bill I orced through the House of Com- mons iiy a narrow majority, aiui re- jected by the Lords. The greatest disturb- ances were those which took place in the labor world, there being three disastrous strikes - the cotton strike, the Hull dock strike, and the great coal strike. A terrible disaster came to the Navy in the loss of H.M.S. " N'ictoria." 'I'hcre was a great demonstration of French and Russian vessels at Touh^n. 'I'lien,' was a threatened dispute between France and Britain in connection with the Siam matter, and a war Ijetween the forces of Cai)e Colony and King I.oben- gula, the chief of the Matabele. The kovai, i amii.v. On March 25, the (Jueen left \Vindsor for Florence, travelling vi'd Cherbourg and Mont Cenis, but, before leaving, witnessed a ()erformance at V\'indsor of Lord Tennyson's " Becket," by Mr. Henry Irving and the Lyceum Company. Her Majesty was ac- companied abroad by Prince and Princess Henry of Battenberg, and was received at F'lorence by the British .Ambassador to Rome and the Duke of Aosta. Her Majesty took part in the festivities at I'lorence in hinor of the silver wedding of the King and (^)ueen of Italy, and saw the illuminations of the city in the evening. The Queen left Florence on April 26, after bestowing several gifts of jewelry and leaving money for the poor with the authorities, and, travelling 77W Strasburg and Flushing, reached Port Nictoria in the " X'ictoria and Albert " on the 28th. The Court re- mained at Windsor for some time, where the (^)ueen received manyvisitors, and formally amioiiiiced, on .May _^, the engagem-jnt of the Duke ritannia " was, as a rule, very success fill, and l>e;it the .\merican yacht " Navahoe " on seviral occasions. The Princess and her daughters generally viewed the rai'ing from the " 0.sborne," and only went ashore to visit the (Jueen. The Prince and I'rincess left Cowes on .■\ugust 1 4, and shortly after wards the Prince went to Hoiuburg for the waters, and the I'rincess and her daughters embarked in the Royal ya( ht "((sborne" for a cruise along the coast of Norway. Tliev arrived at Stavanger on the i8th, and went on as far as ( '.udvagen before returning, arriving at {•'redensborg on September 2. TIktc was a large party at the Castle, including the C/ar and C/.arina and the King and (,)ueen of (ireecc ; but the death of King Christian's brother |nil .1 stop to the festivities. The Prince of Wales left Homburg on September 10, and went to Scotland, where he reiiiained shooting and fishing until the family ri'asseinblcd at Sandringham. .Meanwhile, the Duke and Duchess of N Ork, after spending some time in the Highlands, had great receptions 111 lulinbiirgh and ^'ork, and, on their arrival in town, l.iid the foundaliHi) Hoi'(;h'ion, Lord- i.it-iiti-nattt of Ireland, Then Mr. Kowler introduced the Registration ISill, and .Mr. .Asipiith the Employers' Lia- bility Bill. Several other bills were also read a first time, and on the 23rd the Church Suspensory Hill for Wales was read a first time, the majority lieing 54. This was a bill in one clause, enacting that in all appointments coming within the scope of the bill, which were made after its passing, all emoluments should be held by the new incumbents subject to the pleasure of Par- liament. The result would be that they would have no claims to compensation should a I )isestablishment Hill ever be passed. Lord R. Churchill summed the matter up by saying that plunder was the local motive for the bill, and a desire to obtain votes at any price the political motive of the (iuvern- ment. On February 27 the first reading of the Liquor Traffic (Local Control) Bill took place, and its provisions may be summarized thus ; One-tenth of the electors in any area may re'iuisition for a poll on the (luestion whether, in houses for the retail sale of intoxicating li(iuor, total closing shall be adopted within the area, a majority of two- thirds of the persons voting sh.dl decide, and no further appeal shall be |)ermitted for three years ; the |)oll is to be taken by the local authorities ; the area is the jiarish in small boroughs the whole borough, in larger boroughs the wards ; the voting is to be by- ballot ; all exi)enscs, except the bare expense of taking the poll, are to lie illegal ; hotels, \ HOME AND FOREIGN DOINUS IN iS(^j. •47 rcfresliiiient rooms at railway stations, ami eating-iiuuses, are exempted : tiie aullioriiy of the presetu licensing body will not be interfered with for three years, though the question of Sunday closing is to he deter mined in each area by a \)iu\: majority, and may be bruugiit into operation at once. On tlie 24lh iherr was an animated debate I,o,ooo ; stamjis at ^"i,5,6o.).ooo ; land tax, etc., at ^,'2,460,000 ; and the inconie tax at ^'1 ^,400,000. The taxable rev enue thus showed a falling off of ^"590,000. Of the other sources of income, the Post Office was put down at/jo,6co : Telegra|)hs at ,^,"2,480,000 ; (Jrown Lands at /, 4,^0,000 ; Sue/. Canal interest at ^,220,000: ar.d mis- cellaneous receipts at ^,'i,(j5o,ooo. Tliiis there was a total deficit of /j, 574,000 ; l)Ut by placing another penny on the income tax, Sir William estimated tliat he would obtain ii surplu.. of ^,176,000. He also proposed to do away with the adiiesive stamp in foreign and colonial siiare certificates, and other securities payable to bearer, and to increase the duty on contract notes from sixpence toonc shilling. The Indian ISudget statement was taken (;n September 21, and the third reading of the Apiiropriation ISill on the following day : anci, that done, the two Houses adjourned, the Lords till November 9 antl the ( ommons till Novem- ber 2. ( )n resuming alter the recesj, Mr. (iladstone read a carelully-worded minute, in which the,(;overnment declared that they li-lt it their duty to confine, as far as they could, the business of the sittings to the I^ocal (iovernment (Liigland and \V'ales) Hill and the l^mployers' Liability Kill, and \o the tinal disposal of those (Iovernment bills wliich were passed through the House of ('omiwons earlier in the sessitjn. No new bills were to be introduced unless demanded by financial 01 administrative necessities, and, to facilitate this, .Mr. ( "iladstone demanded the whole time of the House. The progress of the lMii[)loyers' Liability liill was smooth, except in one particular, and that was on the clause [irohibiling the workman from contracting himself out of the operation of the .\cl, as many workmen, especially railway men, were desirous of doing. 111! MOMi; kti.l. I'.ll.l. I.\ I'.VRI.l.XMKNl. The debate on the Address having been concluded, Mr. (iladstone introduced his second Home Rule Jdill into the House of ("ommons on Lel)ruary i,v ' lie professed Mk. Glaustone, As he appfared when speakinK "li the Home Rule \\\\\. object of the bill was to establish a legislative body in Dublin for the i ontrol of Irish legislative and administrative business con- sistently with the integrity of Imperial unity. ' V T~~\v^f T"«wl4; 148 HOME AND FOREIGN DOINGS IN 1893. «?i 1: Eighty-one Irisli members were to sit at Westminster, but to vote only on matters of Imperial interest. (Tiiis was one of the most contentious points of the wiiole bill.) The Viceroy was to be appointed for six years, and freed from religious disai)ilities ; his Cabinet was to be an executive committee of the Irish Privy CA.uncil, and he himself was to have a vet j. Two (Jhamijers were Speaking in the House of [,ornsolidated I'lmd for the public service of Ireland, and various regulations were laid down for the imposition and collection of local taxation, and the Irish Post Office revenue and ex- penditure. Then, on June 29 and 30, Mr. Gladstone's proposals for ap[)lying the closure on the Home Rule liill were debated, and finally carried by 299 to 267. Under these drastic regulations, most of the clauses were passed without debate; and on July 27, the day appointed, the bill was througti ( onunittee, a final battle between .Mr. Glad- stone and Mr. (Jhaml)erlain marking the close of the discussion, liut if all members had equally observed the bounds of Parlia- mentary decorum, the House would have been sparul the disgraceful scene which took place that day, and ended in a free fight. Mr. Chamberlain was closing his incisive speech on the bill when one of the Irish members raised the cry of "Judas."' .Mr. Ciibbs attemjited to call the Chairman's attention to it, but the division was allowed to progress. Mr. Logan, a Gladstonian member, crossed the floor of the House close to the Front Opposition Bench, and a rude exchange of words toUowed, mingled with slK)uts to Mr. Logan that he was out of order. He then connnitted a breach of Parliamentary eticjuette by sitting down on the I'ront Opposition Bench. .\ general fight ensued, and at once fifty or sixt> members were engaged in it, and blows were interchanged. Strangers in the gallery hissed loudly. Mr. Mellor look down the word " Judas," anci order was restored by the return of the Speaker. The next day apolo- gies were made at the Speaker's instigation, and the incident closed as far as Parliament was concerned. The results of the gag were these : The printed bill extended to 1,495 lines ; of these 1,164 were gagged, and only 331 debated. The report stage of the bill l)egan in .\ugust, and continued through the montli, the third reatling being moved by ,Mr. Gladstone on the 30th, the closure having again been called in to put an end to V: hi U HOME AND FO REIGN 'DOINCS JN 18^3 the debate. l^arly on Satiirilny morning, Septembei 2, the bill \vas read a third time in the Commons, and was at once hurried across to the lords, wiiere it was read a first time, tlius ensuring its being printed and circulated in lime for the second reading on the Tuesday. l"/arl Spencer mo\e(l the reading to the House, crowded in every part, with peeresses in the galleries, the Strangers' (lallery crowded, and members of the House of (Commons packed close at the Bar. 'I'he Duke of Devonshire moved its rejection, and, during the three days' debate which fol- lowed, the Duke of Argyll, Lord Ashljourne, 1-ord Ripon, Lord Selborne, Lord Rosebery, Lord Dunraven, Lord Herschell, Lord Hals- bury, the Hishcjpof Ripon, and others, spoke. Lord Salisbury wound up the det)ate in a masterly speech, and, on September 8, the second Home Rule Bill was rejected. iiiK iiKrnsH roAi >ikiki.. In July appeared the first symptoms of the great coal strike, which lasted until November. In Deibyshire the miners voted against the proposed reduction of 25 [)er cent., and the Lancashire and (Cheshire men decided to accept no reduction in wages. Towards the end of the month, some members of the ( ,'oalowners' Association gave notice of their inteiiiinn to reduce wages by 25 per cent., and a special conference of the Miners' I'ederation opposed any reduction, and made arrangements for a strike. lioth sides gave their reasons for their action, and on Friday, July 2y the middle of the month two hundred men of the Devonshire Regiment were sent to I'-bbw \ ale, as some thousands of colliers, armed with clubs, insisted upon the work of the collieries being stopped, and men were being violently assaulteil A number of strikers from iilaenavon and other places marched across the hills to l-^bbw Vale, but were stopped by the luilitary and police ; so they held a meeting, at which were many Ebbw 151 Vale men armed with sticks. When the strikers began to retire, it was rumored that they meant to return in force, so the Ebbw \ale men attacked them and put them to flight. Soon afterwards another large body of strikers, armed with clubs and spiked sticks, invaded the vale, but were stopped by the military. Sp threatening was the aspect of affairs that urgent telegrams were sent to Plymouth for additional troops, and upwards of a thousand more men were drafted into the district. This display of force, and the fact that the iron, steel, and tin workers thrown out of employment supported the non-strikers, prevented any more rioting, and the march of the men of the Rhondda \'alley to ICbl).; \ ale ended in a complete fiasco. Ill .South Wales, men were returning to work at the beginning of September, but in many places the strike still went on. In the Midlands an outrage took place at a colliery near Loughton, and both the coalowners and miners held conferences, but without any effect U|)on the situation, as the masters declared that the attitude of the men afforded no basis for a settlement. In September the interest began tfi shift from South \Vales to the Midlands, where several riots took place, and much damage was done to property. The prolonged strike produced a great deal of distress in the country, and, but for the local residents and tradesmen, the miners' wives and families would have been without food. In Yorkshire, attacks were made upon the collieries at Barrow, Wath, and I'ontefract, and coal, timber, and houses were set fire to. At I'ontefract, especially, much damage was done before the authorities acted, and when, after much delay, the Riot .Xct was read, the mob stoned the troops, who then tired. In this unfortunate disturljance lives were lost, and the affair became the subject of an iivjuiry appointed by the (iovernment. By the beginning of November some way of settling the dispute was ardently desired on all sides, and on Iriday, the -^rd, a joint conference of coalowners and miners met in London. (Ireat things were hopeil from it, but the members were unable to agree. The deadlock seemed more hopeless than ever, in spite of the desire of all parties to end the struggle; S(j the suggestion of .\lr. (iladstone that another conferenci' should be held, with Lord Rosebery, a man in whose tact and judgment both sides had confidence, in the chair as moderator and adviser, was eagerly wt'lcomed. I'Viday, November i 7, at 1 1 a.m., at the Foreign Office, was the dale fixed for the meeting, and late in the afternoon a compromise was effected in these terms : A Board ofConciliation was to be appointed f ti His Holiness Pope Leo XIII. HOME AND FOREIGX DOLVdS LY /S93. to settle the rate of \vni;ts from hchriinry i next, and till that date the men were to return to work at the old rate of wages. FK.STIVirir.S AND cr.l.KllRATIONS. Of festivities the tale is brief, and even the family affairs of the So\ereign houses of luirojie have given less occasion than usual for public holidays. The chief fun( • tion of this kind was the celebration, in April, of the silver wedding of the King and (Jueen of Italy. On this occasion, tlie ('■erman iJnjicror and ICmpress, and a brave gathering of princes, princesses, and envoys extraordinary, visited Rome. For the better part of a week, the whole of Itah gave itself up to imposing rejoicings, and touching evitlences were affdrded of the genuine affection in which the Ro\al cou[)lc :ire held by their subjects. A golden jubilee of a different kind was signalized a'; Dresden in October, when the veteran King .Albert of Saxony received congratulations on the comi)letion of fifty years of his military career. The tireless Kmperor of (lermany offered his felicitations to the King in person, accompanying them with a splendidly jeweled marshal's baton. Some months previously, the I 'ope had celebrated his I'.piscopal jubilee. Rome was filled on the occasion with some 30,000 pilgrims, con- tributed from nearly every quartc if the globe, and laden with rich gift >r the venerable Pontiff. The most 1 ortant popular festival of the year was, however, contributed by the great Republic of the New World in the shape of the C'hicago Exhi- bition, which is fully treated of m other [lages C)f this book. In magnitude and magnificence, this review of the forces and products of the world's industry transcended all previous efforts in the same direction. Three days before the opening ceremony, an official welcome to the nations was organized at New York, when President Cleveland re- viewed the foreign warships which had been despatched with greetings to the L'nited States. The vessels were anchored in two lines, each stretching over a lengili of three miles. The two following days were filled with ceremonial functions, and on May i President (Cleveland formally opened the Fair in the presence of an enormous cos- mopolitan crowd. During the six months the FLxhibition remained open, it was visited by J 1,458.910 persons, besides the holders of free tickets. THI'. WAR ci.oup. Considerable impetus has been given to the movements of the Peace Party everywhere •53 on the Continent by the further increases which have taken place in the armaments of the great Powers. The burden is becoming imbearable, esi)ecially in (lermany, Austria, and Italy : and it is ])robably only due to the unnnstakable demonstrations which have been afforded of the reality of the rival i'ranco- Russian Alliance that the i)rotests against the inflated military budgets have not taken a more definite shape. As it is, the new < 'lerman .\rniy Bills were only pas-ed after a struggle in the constituencies which has levealed a groat extension and intensifi- cation of popular discontent. The relations of France and Italy were not improved during the year. Riots at .Mgues Mortes and elsewhere in France against itnniigrant Italian workmen tended to embitter the anti-I'rench feeling on the other side of the .'\lps. In the middle of .August, the lamentable proceedings at Aigues Mortes gave rise to turbulent popular demonstrations in Rome, in the ccjurse of which an attem[)t was matle to attack the French Embassy. P.oth (io\ernments, however, acted with promptitude, and in each case the leading rioters were punished. THK Toii.ON KKsiivrni:s. The armaments of the Triple Alliance were not [jeruHtted to go unanswered by the rival Powers in the east and west of Europe Russia and France. No special military measures have been necessary in these countries, inasmuch as their respective military and naval plans are on a level with their re(iuirements. In the early stages of the Cn-rman Army Bill, the necessity for some counter-demonstration in France was much spoken of in the newspapers, and a runK)r obtained currency that it was the intention of the Russian (lovernmenl to despatch a s(iuadron to Toulon in return for the visit of the French Admiral Gervais to Cronstadt in rSyi. The project did not assume any definite shape until September, when the Italian Crown Prince attended the (ierman and Austrian army manieuvres, and the F.mperor William made a triumphal tour of Alsace and Lorraine. The result was one of the most remarkable outbursts of popular enthusiasm ever witnessed. F"or nearly a fortnight the whole of France was 01 Jcte. The Russian Squadron, under Admiral Avellan, reached Toulon on October 13, and received an imposing reception from the French fleet and the military and civil authorities. On the 17th, the Rus- sian Admiral and a detachment of his otficers proceeded to Paris. Here a superl) welcome awaited them. The city was mag- •^- "■"'■in i"jnpi««fpi»iwinf»)mij|iii '54 //OA/E AiXD FOREIGN DOIXGS IN tSgj. (.KKAT MKIIAIN IN THI MEDITERRANKAN. U i:' II' nificently decorated, and an uninterrupted series of ban(iiiets and other functions were orj^anized in their honor. Tliey were publicly received by the i'rcsidont. The demonstrations in the streets reached such a pitch of enthusiasm that even kisses were showered by patriotic Frenchwomen on the Muscovite guests, and several of the latter 11 The Late MaK'^hai. MAt;MAii.>N. lost their voices through too hearty an acknowledgment of the compliments offered them. The festivities derived their uni(]uo eclat from the fact that, for the first time in many years, all factions and classes in France were united in a public ceremonial. Fven the Socialists gave a tentative ai)proval to the national rejoicing. The death of Marshal MacMahon on the opening day of the Paris fites was not allowed to interfere with the programme. Indeed, it added to the sol- emnity of the celebration, inasmuch as the Russian otificers, at the particular command of the C/ar, prolonged their tay, so that they might testify their sympathy for France in her loss by attending the funeral of the distinguished soldier at the Invalides. On their way back to Toulon, the progress of Admiral Avellan and his colleagues was punctuated with splendid ovations and entertainments. Ar Toulon itself, President Carnot bade farewell to his visitors at a review of the combined squadrons ; and the visit ended with an exchange of telegrams between the President and the Czar, in which both testified to the close and cordial relations which linked the two nations. The I'ranco Russian festivities had an unexjjected result. In (icrmany, Austria, and Italy, they failed altogether to disturb the national eciuanimity. It was soon appre- ciated on the C-'ontinenl that, so far as they revealed a new danger, it was not the Triple .Mliance «liich was affected, but drcat Britain. The first note was struck by a series of articles signed " Nauticus," and published in T/ie Indepeudnncc I^clge, in wiiich it was argued that the creation of a Russian Mediterranean Squadron destroyed the naval supremacy of (Ireat Britain in that sea. The cue was taken up very widely by the Continental press ; and it was shown that, in the Mediterranean, I'Vance and Russia had no identity of interests which affected any European Power except (ireat Britain. Some idea of this kind seems to have dawned on the Cabinet at home, for, concurrently with the anchorage of .Admiral Avellan at 'i'oulon, the British Mediterranean Squadron paid ceremonial visits to the Italian ports of Taranto and Spe/ia, where they were received with splendid hospitality. Unhappily, a very decided emphasis was given to the new view (jf the Franco-Russian entente by the difficulties which had arisen in Egypt and on the northwestern and eastern frontiers of India. It became mani- fest that (Ireat Britain would one day have to reckon in the East, not with Russia alone, but with Russia and l''rance together. Curiously enough, too, the whole year in France had been marked by outbur-.is of Anglojjhobia, more or less serious, which showed that t;)e normal tendency of the French people with regard to England was the reverse of benevolent. EGYPTIAN AFIAIRS. French hostility to ( Ireat Britain assumed its most threatening forms in regard to Egypt and Siam. ICxcept for a rather severe Ijrush with Osman Digna's dervishes at Ambigal early in January, when a British officer was killed, the outlook in the Nile Valley wore a serene aspect at the beginning of 1893. On January 16, however, a pro- found sensation was caused over all Europe by the announcement that the young Khedive had abruptly dismissed his Premier and his Ministers of Finance and Justice without previously consulting his English advisers, and had appointed in their stead men of notoriously reactionary and anti-British pre- dilections. It was not difficult to recognize the hand of France in this startling revolt. Lord Rosebery dealt with it, however, h H K 1 5 6 HOME A\n FOh'E/G.y J)OIN(;S /.V iS\^j. "\ >» witli exemplary iiromptitiicif and firmness. Tlie rigliis of the Khedive in the matter of the appointment of Ministers had been distinctly limited by a despatch of Lord dranville in 1H84, and on this limitation the liritisl) ('al)inet vigoro.isly insisted. .\ stormy interpellation took place in the French ( Chamber on the iiSth, in the course of which M. Develle, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, announced that I'lance would be "calm," but th.it adecpiate representalions for the proteition of the Khedive's " rights ' would be made to the C'abinet of St. James. Meanwhile, bcjwever, Lord Cromer, l)y an action at once vigorous and conciliatory, had brouuht the Khedive to a sense of the peril of his position, and after a little hesitation His Highness capitulated. .-Vt the same time a strongly-worded ilespatch was sent to Cairo by Lord Rosebery, and it was resolved to strengthen the Hritish position by reinforcing the army of occupation. The failure of the intrigue and of the efforts of i'rench diplomacy led to an animated debate in the French Chamber, in the course of which .\l. Develle pledged himself to an active insistence on the rights of France. The counterpart to this debate was supi)lied in May by a speech by Mr. (jladstone in the AUKAS l*ASHA. K/tedivi' 0/ l''-gyf>t. House of Commons, in which the Premier not only expressed approval of the action of Lord Rosebery, but declared that " France had no special title to interfere on this subject." Still hankering after an assertion of his supposed rights, the Khedive visited Constantinople in July, but apparently failed to obtain any support from his suzerain. Since then it is believed that he has accom- modated himself to his position, and he has annoiMK ed his intention of ionrneying to I.ilKl) CkoMKU, liritinh Minister in Fi^yf^t. England at an early ilate in order to visit Queen N'ictoria. THK .S1.\M .\n AIR. There can be little doubt that the irritation created in France by the IJritish triumph in Egypt led more or less indirectly to the predatory campaign in Siam. Since the arrival of ^L Laiicssan at Saigon as dovernor ( General of French Indo-China, a "t'orward ' policy had been strongly advocated by that gentleman. On the ground of certain shadow) historic traditions of the .Annamites, claims had been formulated for the advance of the French frontier to the left bank of the Mekong. These pretensions, which involved one-third of the entire kingdom of Siam, including some of its richest provinces, only excited merriment among the easy-going Siamese; and the so-called "negotiations" at Bangkok dragged on lazily and ineffectually. The claims of the FYench had, however, roused theapprehensionsof F2nglish travellers, notably Lord Lamington, the Hon. G. N. Curzon, and Mr. .Archer ; and, at the height of the .\nglo-French conflict on the Egyptian question, it seems to have dawned upon one of those nameless persons who frequently make history that an opportunity for retrieving the shattered prestige of France existed in the far F«ast. However that may be, serious collisions began to take place in the disputed HOME AXIi FOREIGN DOINGS LV iSgj. prnvinces hctwei'ti Siamese :uul Aimaiuitc troops, in tlie course of wliirh tlie latter incurred certain losses. These w;re soon maf^nitied into outrages ; the patriotic emo- tions of tile I'reiich were stirred, and the diplomatic situation on the Menam assumed '57 the forts; and Lord Diiffcrin, who had been hurriedly (lcs|)atched to I'aris, found it impossible to persuade M. Develle to abate one jot of his extravagant demands. I'lic King of Siani, tinding hnnself without support, accei)led the ultimatum ; and in October a treaty was signed at IJangkok surrendering to France the whole region she had claimed. The situation thus created Un (Ireai Britain was of undoubted gravity. Apart froih the loss of jirestige in Siaiii. the loss of trade in the annexed , lovinces, and the possible diminution of commurcial inter- course with the peninsula generally, the efft'ct of having France for a neighbor on the Burmese frontier, while Russia was l)ressing forward on the Bamirs, was to place AuMlkAI. HUMANN, French C^unnidntii f at Siam. a threatening aspect. The I'rench preferred a reipiest for immediate redress, which the King i)romised should be forthcoming as soon as the facts were ascertained. The reply to this was an ultimatum demanding the evacuation of the left bank of the Mekong and a m )ney indemnity. On the expiry of the ultimatum, the French .Minister left Bangkok, and a stiuadron was ordered to the C.ulf of Siam. These events caused no little per- turbation in Kngland, on .iccount of the important commercial interests of that country in Siam, and the strategical value of the country as a buffer to our Burmese frontier. Lord Rosebery gave pledges in tlie House of Lords that dreat Britain w I watch over the integrit_ f Siam, and, further, an- nounced that the French had |)romised that no belligerent action should be taken without the English Cabinet being advised. I'or some reason or other, these assurances l)roved illusory. French warships forced the Menam, after a gallant resistance by The King of Siam. our Indian ]*>mpire between two tires. The seriousness of the position was intensified by the alliance of the two advancing Bowers, and by their anti-British demonstrations in the Mediterranean. Recognizing the peril, Lord Rosebery made a somewhat lame effort to avert it. A convention has been '5« HOME AXn hVRl'.iaX DOINGS IN iSgj. niiicludccl with I'Vann- for .lie creation of a Iniffer Stale in Northern Siam, which will prevent the French and English fron tiers from heconiing actually coterminous. Towards the creation ot this Stale, which c,iM never he an effectual ijrotcction, (Ireat Uritaui contributes a slice of her Jkirme.se possessions, while I'rance t;cnerously yields a small corner of the vast region of which she has despoiled Siam. The net effect of the whole dis|)Ute is, then, that France ac(|Liires a splendiil empire in Indo CJhina at the expense of Siam, and, at the same time, ICn^jland is shorn of a small [xirtion of her Kastern dominions. The revenge for l-'-gypt have heen suhduid with a firm hand ; and Lord l.ansdowne, on visiting lUirma in the fall of the year, was ahle to testify to the consolitlation of tlie llritish position in thai CDunti;. 'i'he course of events on the pk. TiiK (.It'KKN OK Siam. was complete. The necessity for keeping France at arm's length on our Burmese frontier has heen illustrated during the year by the turbulence of the Kachins and other tribes, who would afford combustible material for the intrigues of an unscrupulous and predatory neighbor. These rebel movements M. I'AVIt, French Atinister tit Siam. northwestern frontier has been more satisfai tory. With Rus- sia no further ditTuulties have arisen, and, pi'nding ntgotia tioiis with regard to tlie I'amirs, our neighbors have abstained from any further militaiy ex peditions to that inhospitable region. The troubles with the- .\meer of Afghanistan, \shich hlled'so large a portion of the history of 1892, have been overcome. In October a liritish Mission, under Sir Mortimer Diirand, proceeded to C!abul, and was received with a h()si)italiiy which re- called the splendors of the "Arabian Nights." In pub- lic durbar, the Ameer assured the lUitish envoy of his un- alterable fidelity to Clreat Urilain. All points in dispute Indian and Afghan (Jovern- ments were satisfactorily settled. 'I'he relative sj)heres of influence of the two States were defined, and the Ameer's subsidy was in- creased from twelve to eighteen lakhs annu- ally. On November 17, the British Mission left Cabul. betwi tht / .IIL^ i6o HOME AND FOREIGN DOINGS IN iSgj. THK WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA. In July a conflict broke out between the Hritish South Africa Company and Loben- gula, King of Malaljcicland. The latter claimed the right of raiding and enslaving security of the //.uiihesian colonics depended upon a decisive blow being struck at the military organization of tlie Matabele. Mr. Labouchere and his friends raised a loud cry against the policy of the Chartered Company, and for a time Lord Ripon refused i; 1 ! % From an authentic early photograph. the natives of Mashonaland, and sent a powerful impi to Fort Victoria to enforce his claims. The British settlements were at once placed in a state of defence, and it was urged on the Home Government that the his consent to a forward movement. Early in October, however, a detachment of Mata- bele attacked an Imperial force near Tati. Mr. Rhodes, the Premier of Cajic Colony and (Chairman of the South Africa Company, ! \^ ! PClT^CUtCE \ S.iu I » AikKA Sliw^uny Pu-4tiuii of Malaljcltiarul. Early Mata- Tati. oloiiy ipaiiy, l62 HOME AND FOREIGN DOINGS IN 18^3. fell proceeded north, and two well-etiiii|ipeil (.olunins, composed of colonists, under Dr. Jameson, were despatched against the Matabele. At the same time a fon e of Bechuanaland police, under Major (iiold- Adams, advanced from the south. liy a ra[)id and brilliant series of operations, the forces of the CMiartered Company completely defeated the armies of lohenuula, and in Movemher occupied Huluwayo, his capital. Negotiations for the future aclministnuion of Matabeleland are now iiending bctwccji tiie com[)an)' and liie Hi,L;h Commissionci-, Sir H. I?. Locii;l)ut meanwhilean administration has been established at Huluwayo, ar.i! - on- siderable progress has been made in the pacification of the coimtry. The jirospects of the ("harlered Company were further improved by the opening of the Heira Railway in ( )ctober. ini: .\NAK( Hisis. .\narchy reared its head with unmistakable vigor anHcv?''i remained calm ; and it recjived its rewai'i at tiie Ceneral Iv.'eclions. wl en, for the lirs. ''mi-' 'n '''^ .listory of the T!iird Republic, p '""'liy coiupact majority of Nioderates was tv .nied. When the new I'arliament met, t'.'- impoici.tC of 'ho Radi cals and the majority enjoyed by the Oppor- tunists rendered this Cabinet no longer a fair representation of its constituents. .'\' I ! r I'l.AN >iF THK I'anama Canal' li the early part of the year, anarchist outrages were reported from Rome and Vienna, anil mfernal machines were sent (happily without evil results) to the (lerman ICmperor and Count Caprivi. The most destructive out- rages took ])lace, later, in the Spanish province of Barcelona, where an anarchist named I'allos attempted the life of Marshal (Campos with a bomb, and a i)andof hitherto undiscovered miscreants threw two bombs from the gallery of a crowded theatre into the stalls, killing thirty persons. The whole province was, in conse(|uence, placed under martial law. \\\ attempt to imitate tins outrage, with tnore dramatic circinnstances, was made in Paris, where an anarchist named Vaillant threw a bomb from one of the galleries of the (Jliamber of 1 )eputies, fortunately without killing anyone. This daring crime produced a deep impression throughout F'.urope, and almost every I.eijis- lative Assembly sent messages of sympathy to the P'rench Parliament. Severe repressive cordingly, in the beginning of December, it was succeeded by a fresii .Ministry under .\1. Casinn'r I'erier. The only serious breach of the peace in Paris took place in July when the (^)uartier Latin, after a difi'eren'"- with the police, broke out in open riot, 'i'he manifestations assumed serious propor tions, and led to tiie resignation of tlic Prefect, M. I.oze. .Mthough Cermany liion of KlNii Al.KXANlH-:K UK SlvKVlA. tin; constiuition. The one event of con- spicuous importance in Hungary has been the introduction into I'arliament of the Civil Marriages Bill, with the Emperor King's consent. In Italy the chief events, beyond tliose already dealt with, have been the continuance of financial difficulties and the consequent fall of two Cabinets. In Kussia, the year has been still less eventful. There has been no great calamity like the visitations of famine ami cholera in 1892, nor was there any hardening of the Russifying policy which, in previous yc.irs, has inflicted such dire hardships on dissenters, like the Jews and Stundists, or on non- Russian nationalities, like the i'ins and Poles. In .Southeastern luiroiie, the course of events "63 was rather more exciting. Difticulties with the Armenians cropped u[) again in Turkey, and the trial and execution of several who had been implicated in riotous |)rocecdmgs at .Angora were much criticized in England. In Cireece, the aggravation of t e financial KxKim; Milan oi Sekvia. situation led to a change of Ministry in May, and the return 10 power of M. Tricoupis in November. The first duty of the new Cabinet was to announce th(j inability of the country to meet its financial obligations. The most pleasing feature in Ex-(.lL'EKN NaTAI.IK CI SekMA. Greek history during 1893 was the completion and inauguration of the Corinth Canal. Servia was the scene of a series of sensational events. I'-arly m January it was announced that the ex-King and (,)ueen had become reconciled, and their divorce was ([uashed. i i in '■'[ 'lilt (iKl-.Ar ,M(is.,.l!K A I Wa/AN, Mt(Hy of I hi- /iilrriot. "KK'^irJTN 1 C'l.K\ KI.AM). WaI TF.K (,). CrESH, Sucretary of StaU\ J. AMKI S. I.AMiiNT, Se, iitiiry 0/ ll^ar. if)8 HOME A.\D FOREIGN DOINGS IN iSgj and the admiration of the world. In tlie varied ijursiiits of legislation, diplomacy, and literature, his genius has added new lustre to American citi/.enship. As a suitable expres- sion (jf the national aitprcciation of his great public service, and of the general sorrow caused by his dealli, I direct that on the day of his funeral all the departments of the executive Ijranch of the government at Washington be closed, and that in all i)ul)lic buildings throughout the L'nited States the national tlag shall be tlisplayi'd at half-mast, and that for a period of thirty days the De partment of State be draped in mourning." ( )n I >ecember 27 there was laid the corner stone ('f what [jromises to be one of the most notable structures in the western hemisphere : Rr. Rk\. H. C I'miKB, Protesttint-l\f*hiOfiat Hishflfi of Sf!\ York. for it is confidently expected that the great Cathedral of St. John the Divine, which is to rise on tiie heights of Morningside Park, in the northern part of Nfanhattan Island, will be the most impressive religious structure in the new world. The ceremonies attending the inauguration of so memorable an event were in every way worthy of the occasion. In the huge white tent that had been erected to shelter the company from the blasts that swept up from the Hudson were gathered many of the foremost men of the Ei)iscopal Church in the United States. Nine bishops were present to add authority to the occasion. They were the presiding bishop. Potter, of New York ; Doane, of Albany; Littlejohn. of Long Island; Scar boro, of New Jersey ; W'hittakcr, of Penn sylvania ; Slarkey, of Newark ; Talbot, of \Vyoming ; Hrewer, of Montana; antl Wells, from far-distant Washington. They were Pbk-idknt I'KIViITI), dp Uka-ti . supported by an imposing array of clergy, archdeacons, seminary protessorN, and stu dents, many of whom had come from distant points also. Political labors in the L'nited States were practically mono])olize(l by President Cleveland's efforts to overturn the economic system of his predecessors. Towards the end of February the President's Cabinet was c()mi)leted, and early in .March his Presidency was s(jlemnly inaugurated. To the struggle which then ensued over the Silver Rei>eal Bill, and to the prei)arations which had been made for the abolition of the McKinley tariff, reference has already been made. The local elections held in November seemed to indicate a revulsion of political feeling, but the Democrats contend that the striking successes of the Republicans on that occasion were due to purely personal and local causes. Admiral Memo, Hraziiian /nsnrgi^nt l.caJt'i. ICarly in the year a revolution which received the countenance of the retiring President. Mr. Harrison, broke out at Hawaii, anil the (,)ueen was dethroned. It having been discovered that the change of government was effected by a minority of the inhabitants, IIOML AND FOREIGN DOlXdS IN iSi^j. involved in a ([iiarrel with Ecuador. 1 60 assisteil l)y a force of L'niteil States blue- jackets, I'rcsident Cleveland has annoimeed his intention of reinstalini; the deposed <.)iieen. In the South there have been the usual insurrections and pronunciatneintos. The sputter of rebel movements which liave marked the history of Brazil since the proclamation of the Republic culminated, in Se[)tcml)er, in a formidable naval revolt in the Uav of Rio Janeiro. 'I'he ' whole s(|uadron. under Admiral de Mello, turned against the (lovernment and bombarded the capitol. The struggle is still in progress, neither side having achieved any decisive success. The rebels established a jirovisional government in the Province of Santa Ciatherina, while the Ciovernment have been chielly occupied in purchasing new vessels abroad and organizing a fresh fleet. The Argentine passed through another stormy year of insurrections and Cabinet changes. A revolution has been accomplished in Nicaragua, and the Presidents of ( luatemala and Honduras have ilispensed with the constitutional machinery of government and proclaimed themselves dictators. Peru and Chili have both experienced Ministerial cri.ses, and the former has lately become MIM F.I.I, ANKOl'S. In Australia, the fmancial crisis has thrown everything else in the shade. 'I'iie (Jolonies have, howexer, not escaped from the epidemic of Cabinet instability which has compassed the whole globe. New Ministries have l)een fornu'd in \'ictoria, (,)ueensland, South .\ustralia, and New South Wales. (^)ueens- land has been much occupied with the Separation (^)uestion, but as yet no satisfac- tory settlement has been arrived at. In I'ebruary, the coUmy was visited by very ile.-tructive Hoods. .New /ealand has adopted Woman l-'ranchise, and, in the geiieralelection which ensu(!d, the ex|)eriment was found to tend in a (,'onservative direction. Western Australia has passeil Manhood Suffrage. In India, theeaily i);ut of the year was occupied in bidding farewell to Lord Roberts, who had retired from the commandership in < hief. ("onsiderable ditiliculty was experienced by the Home (iovernment in finding a successor to Lord Lansdfjwne in the \'iceroyalty. The apjiointment was offered to Sir Henry Nor- m.ui, who at first accepted and then declined the offer. Eventually, the I'-arl of Elgin was nominated, notwithstanding spirited jjrolests and criticisms from the Indian [)ress. .\ wave of the ihUkiii t/n'i>Ii)};ii T j^ //^AI/£ ./ \/> lONE/aA DOINGS AV /Jpj. however, the year t()in()ares favorahly willi Its predecessor. \Vc have not had any serious visitation of famine, cholera, and influeii/.a ; hut, on the oIIkt hand, we liave still a hy no means light citaloiiue of "natural shocks" to look hack upon, /.ante has lieen twice shaken hy earthquake, and the visitations were accompanied hy enor- mous destruction of property. lUizzards and cyclones on a terrific scale have atjain ravaged several of the .\merican States, and a storm on the (liilf of Mexico is reported to have >7' ghastl) accident of this kind occurred in Novemher, when a vessel loaded with dyna mite exploded in tiic .Spaiiisii port of .San- tander, laying nearly tiie whole town in ruins. Of accidents hy sea, the chief have heen the wreck of the .Aim hor line "Trinacria," off Cape X'lliano, when thirty lives were lost ; the loss of the French despatch vessel, "I. a Hourdonnais," and twenty-five lives; and the foundering of the Knglish hattle- ship, the " N'ictoria," with Admiral Tryon on hoard. 'I'hc latter occurred in smooth I ^^^^ ' \t. Kl-.I.II.IONS — A .Mki.KE in HoMhAV. heen attended hy the loss of 2.000 lives. Hungary and Kouniania have suffered from floods, and a similar calamity swept away many lives and homesteads in the Indian State of Manipur. In May, a landslii) occurred in Norway, when 120 persons were killed. Among the nn'scellaneous disasters in .America, which have included the usual catalogue of railway accidents, must lie mentioned the burning of a lunatic asylum in New Hamjjshire and the C(jllapse of Ford's ()[)era House at \Vashington. 15oih disasters involved the loss of many lives. The most water off the coast of .Syria, during the evolutions of the Mediterranean S(iuadron. .\ miiicalculation on the part of the .Admiral leil to a collision between the " Camper- down '' ami the nagshi[), when the latter was rannned and sank within a few minutes. Admiral Tryon and 400 of his crew perished. The disaster plunged the whole country into mourning, and was the occasion for many sympathetic messages from foreign States. In July, a court-martial was held at Malta, extending over ten days. The result was a verdict in accordance with the above facts. HIOC.RM'IIICAI, MIS(:i:i.l,A\K\. NOIK.I.S AM) MKMOKIAIS KI.I.A 1 1 Mi r,! ,h,,. /, \AK \V.\1,T()N,. On Au^llst y, ill I'-nglnnd and many oiIk'i placos, was ct'lc l)ratcd llif icrceiUfiiary of I/.aak Walton, llif author of tht- "Com |)leat Angler." Of his lirst twenty years we know hteraily nothing at all ; at twenty lie i>rot)al)ly was attached to tile l)usiness ol Henry Walton, a haberdasher in Whiteehajiei, London, .\searly as Wnya poem was dedi< ated to I/aak, "The l-ovc of Amos and Laura." l)y S. I'. The dedicatirn shows that Walton was himself already a versifier ; nobody guessed that he was to be famous as a writer of prose, but as a jioet very far from glorious. Soon we find Walton engaged in the one delight which was as dear to him as angling — the society of tlie clergy. In 1(124, I/,aak dwell in I'leet Street/ two doors west of the eiui of Chancery Lane. Dr. Donne was then vicar of St. DunstaiVs in the West. Through his poet- vicar, probably, Walton became the frieml of Sir Henry WOtton, Hales of Kton, Dr. Henry King, and other pious and learned persons. He also knew Men jonsoii, and the river loving poet, Drayton. Together they may have fished the Lea : there was good fishing at fLickney then, and long afterwards. In 1626 Walton married his first wife, Rachel Floud'(a watery name): the lady was related to the family of Cranmer. In 1631, Donne died. Walton wrote his life, and a eulogy in verse. In 16,59, ^\otton writes to I/aak " about the approaching time of the (ly and the cork,'' and this is our earliest proof that Izaak was an angler. He was better with "the cork " -that is, the float — than the fly, being a confirmed bait- fisher. Nothing else not wholly to his credit is known of U'alton. The best of men have their faults ; bait-fishing was I/aak's "redeeming vice." In 1640, Mrs. Walton died. She and her husband had been tried by the loss of seven children. In 1644, he retired from business, and lived as best he could through " the decay of common honesty " that attended the ( Ireat Rebellion. His only comfort was that, at least, he was no Covenanter. In 1646 Walton married again — a Mistress Ken, a kinswoman of the bishop's. His movements are now uncertain. I'robably he lived partly in Stafford, fishing Sh.iwlord lirook, which he mentions in u song; partly in London, .\fter Worcester fight, he carried a jewel of Charles IL to (,'olonel Illague, a cavalier prisoner in the Tower, who made his t-scape anUat .Uif^U-r." story, and says that Walton is " well beloved of all good men." Among I/.aak's writings, he mentions the lives of I )onne, Wottoii, Hooker, and Herbert. Worcester fight was in i()5i ; in 1^)53, in his sixtieth year, Walt(jn published his " Compleat .\ngler." Successive editions were altered and enlarged, but 1653 is the date of the little book f(jr which such enormous sums are paid. No man censured ii: save that robust salmon- fisher and ("roniwellian trooper, Richard Kranck. Writing in 1658, Franck calls I/aak's book "an undigested octavo," and 1/aak a plagiarist. All good men have been called plagiarists. The truth is that Walton borrowed his fly-fishing lore, as he acknowledged, from 'I'homas Barker ([651), and that traditional ideas from Dame Juliana Ijcrners occur in his work just as ideas of Walton's occur in all the later angling literature down to our time. A brief DR. EDWARD M(Gl.YNN—MUR. HATOUJ. 173 record of a loiij<, t liaritahle. kind, and i)ious lite secniN lliu l)est way ot contriliutin^ to the incnioiy of l/aak Walton. His pastoral in prose has rarely l)een blamed, except by |{yron and I'ranok. The rliarm of peace, content, nood will to men; the love of green old lCnj;land. where still the milkmaids saiif;, despite religious and politii al revolution, inform thaj delightful work, which is like a fragrant flower in the sternest chapti-r of English hisior\'. Say what men will (jf the C'hureh and the Crown, Nonconformity and Republicanism have never produced i:an never produce a treasure like the " ( "om pleat Angler.' .\ (|uiel miixJ had, in those days, its own paiadi^e of <()ntent, whither it coidd witlulra\\ and be in eliarity with the woilii. Walton live>. with Itunyan, a character as gentle and loving a^ his own, but trained in another school. Walton, by the lichen, is not more at ease in his heart and at jxace with men than lUmyan in his prison al Hedford. lUit Walton had never known doul)t, or stress of soul, or fear concerning the desluiy which is in the hands of (lod. .Ml these things had been familiar t.' lUinyan, and he had overcome llu'iii all. H\ waters more peaceful than .Shawford lirook these kindred souls, on earth divided, may have met ere now, and known each other for brethren in goodness and charity. The strife of their limes ma) have severed their sympathies on earth ; in heaven they know how all things are reconciled in love. Rev. Dr. Edward A/i(/7v/i/i.-- 'I'he causes cilebres of either civil, criminal, or ecclesias- tical courts usually draw their slow lengths through such long periods that, before a rmal decision is reached in any of lliem, the orilinary readei has forgottin how the case originated. This is particularly true of ecclesiastical cases, for the trial of them is condu( ted in a way confusing rather than enlightening to the lay mind. I'Aer\ news- paper reader knows more or less of the suspension from ;)rit ly functions of the Rev. Dr. ICdward McCllynn, for many years Rector of St. Stephen's Roman Catholic Church in New \'ork, and President of the .\nti l\)verty Society, of his excommunication from his (Jhunli, and, (prite recently, of the removal of the ban against him and his restoration t(j the priesthood, in his work among the poor. Dr. McClynn's attention was attracted by those economical (piestions which are vexing thinkers all over the world, and he became ambitious to assist in solving that difficult ))roblem- the factors in which are wealth and poverty, happiness and sin. Henry Ceorge's ideas appeared to Dr. Mc- (llynn to be proper and practicable ; and he became a tomert to them, and favor»'d a single tax on land. In iK8f), Mr. ( leorge was a candidate for Mayor of New York as the nominee of the l^abor Party, which favored single tax. Opposed to Mr. (it.'orge were Mr. .\hram S. Hewitt, the nominee of Tamutany Hall, and Mr. Theodore Roosevelt. RKV. lilUVAUll Mc(!lVNN, D.IJ., Cf'llu- Aniil'inrrty S,',iity. the Republican candidate Dr. McClynn was advertised to s])eak 111 favor of Mr. (ieorge's election; and as he refused to listen to the objections of .Archbishoj) Cor- rigan. who tlid not wish him to do so, the latter suspended him from his priestly functions, and ultimately ejected him from his house. Dr. McClynn went on advocating the princi[)les enunciated in " I'rogress and Poverty," and there began to be rumors that his case would be reviewed at Rome. He was invited to go to Rome and submit himself to the Church. He replied that he wuuld go to Rome if he were inlorim. d what he was to do after he got there, but that he coulil not appear there as a de[)osed priest asking clemency for sins that he knew not of. His evidence was in America, and, until he knew what he w.is to disprove, he could not gather it. In all that he did, he was advised by Dr. Hurtsell, a man very learned in ecclesiastical law and precedents. .Sittol/i, the Popis Al>lci:;ate.~-\\\\m the Catholic Congress met in Baltimore about four years ago, Monsignor ^atolli, Archbishop of l.epanto, came to America as the repre- sentative of the Pope. In Monsignor Satolli the Pope rejiose i the most implicit c(jnfidence. «74 Satolli was a |)ii[)il in the seiiiinary at I'eruggia when the piesent lV)pe was only Professor Pecci. When Professor Petci hecaine a Cardinal, Satolli was a Benedictine nionk at Monte Casino. When Cardinal Peeci became Pope Leo XIII., one of his first aets was to appoint Satolli I'rofessor of Dogmatic I'heoloi,') in the Propajianda. Later, lie was made Archbishop. I'he pa[)al tlelegate to the congress in Baltimore rejiorted lo the Xatitan on the general condition of the Church in .\merica, and probably also on many special cases, and among others on tin: famous McCilynn case. Last autumn, v, nen the World's Columbian hair was to he dedi cated, the Pope sent Monsignor Satol' again to America. The Apostolic delegate arrived in time to witness the Columbian celebration in New \'ork, and also in Chicago, and then he look u[) hi?> residence at the Catholic University in Washington. He heard the McCilynn case, and just l)efore Clirisimas rendered his decision in favor of the deposed [)riest, who was restored to the comnmnion of the Church. On Christmas Day, Dr. McCdynn celebrated mass for the first time since his excommunication. He also MGR. SATOLLI— DR. fOWETT. .MoNSII.NOK SaT'H.IJ. I'apiil AhUgatc lo the I nittil Stales. ad iressed the Anti-Poverty Society. He ex'ressed great joy at the restoration of his pr' uly functio.is, but made no apology for the actions which led to his Archbishop's disapproval, nor did he retract any of the views that he so stoutly maintained while he was outside the Church. Instead of retrai ting anything, lie has continued to maintain his views, and in a recent aildrcss has defended them because they were in harmony with the Pope's encyclical, Xtn'itniin Rrn/ni, on the ( ondition of labor. l*'i'om the encyclical he ijuoted, •' All agree, and there can be no 'juesiion whatever, that some remedy must l)c found, and quickly found, for the misery and wretchedness that |)iess so heavily at this moment on .the large majority uf the ver)- li(;or." Commenting on this. Dr. .McCl^nn said : "Large masses of men and women those who have to do the hardest work — are (dinpellcd to work for the smallest possible c'ompensation, because of the failure of our present so(Mal adjustments and laws to secure to them the right of labor and to enjoy the fruits of their labor, and they are thus left defenceless to the callousness of employers and the greed of unrestrained competition. Surely it is well worthy of Christians, and most of all of Christian ministers and priests, for the love of (jod and of His Christ, for the love of those who are stamped with the very image of Cod by nature, redeemed by Christ's blood, and in His new order of grace called to a supernatural adoption of sonshi]) and union witii Cod, and a closer and holier communion among themselves, to seek to right these wrongs, to denounce them in the very name of Cod, "Mid to demand the remedy in the name of the law of justice, which is the holy will i)f Cod. Surely it would ill become ministers of Christ e\ en to seem to deprecate or oppose the abolition of the poverty that (lows from these wrongs, or to thwart or denounce any honest ami lawful effort to abolish then\'' Dr. McCilynn says he is unfeignedly glad to be back in the Church, and Archbishop Corrigan has written the following lor publication : " The Archbishoi) has learned with great pleasure the good news of the return of Dr. McClynn to the communion of the Church. i\t the projier time, he will not fail to ex|)res.s to the Most Reverend Delegate Apostolic his thankful- ness for the good otiices His Excellency has rendered in the premises." Pr Jtivetl. \vl October died the Re'. Benjamin Jowett, M.;\., LL. D., late Vice- Chancellor of the University of I'^dinburgh, and .Master of BalKol College, Oxfoid. His father, who ilied at 'I'enby in 1859, was the author of a metrical version of the Psalms. Dr. jowett \*as educated at St. Paul's School, ami elected to a scholarship at Pialliol Col- lege in 18,55. ^^^ ^^'^^ tutor of that college from 1842 to 1870, and was appointed Regius Professor of Creek in 1855. He received the honorary degrte of LL. D. from the L'nivers:' of Leyden in 1875, from the EDWIX 'H)OTH. '75 University of ICdinhmi;!) in 1X84, from the University of l)ul)lin in 1886, and from the University of t'lUTiljriilf^e ill iS()o. He con- tributed an essay on the Interpretation of Scripture to '■ l'",ssays and Rixiews." and 1 UK Lai k L)k. Jowki i . .\fiisl,r •>/ llalliol Ci>!/rg:,\ Ox/or, f. wrote a commentary on the I'',pist!es of St. Paul, and se\erai < lassical hooks. Edwin Booth. — In Iklwin Hootli, wiio died on June 7, passed away a notat)le actor and a notable man. He was the son of the well known actor Junius Hrulus Hooth. To tiie .\nierican public the elder l!f)()th's name is identified with the history of their stage, to the developimnt of which he materially contributed; but on '■'■ other side of the Atlantic his chief claim .0 remem- brance is his famous contest with I'xlmund Kean. Hearinj; a very strong personal resemblance to that great actor, he was en;;aged by the management ot Covent (iarden as a counter-attraction to Kean, who was at the height of his rejjutation at Drury i.anc. Kean was clever eniHigh to make his rival break his epgagemeiU a\m\ come to the oppositioii theatre ; but there his jiosition was soon felt to be untenable, and he returned to Covent (>arden. '"Naturally enough, riots and a bitter paper war ensued. ')ut Kooth fairl\- held his own, and tor a few years was a star of some magnitude in tliat country. In 1821 he came to America, where, with the exception of some short visits ^•^ England, he [)assed the rest of his pr(jfessional life, dying in harness on Nov. 30, 1852. l'",d>.vin Hooth — Kdwm Thomas Hooth, to give hiiii his full name was born on his father's farm in Harford County, Maryland, on Nov. 1,^, 1833. Although not intended s' his parents for a stage career, I'.dwin, wnile still almost a child, went out with his father as companion, and, as was necessary to so wildly eccentric a personage, guide. His father seems, in a sort of moody way, to have ojiposed iCdwiii's becoming an actor, and it was !))• accident, almost, that lie made his first ap(iearance ;is IVessc/, in '■ Kichard 111.," on Sept. 10, i84(;. How- ever, in his boundless eccentricity, the elder ISooth, shortlyaftcrwards, forced his unwilling son to play Ricliard himself. He was acting at the Nation. il Theatre, New \ 01k, 111 1851, and one night fiati) refused to go to the theatre, saying that he felt too unwell lo play. Kdvvin tried all he could to move his father, but without avail: and at last e.s- chiimed in dts|iair : " What will they do wiih- out you, fasher ? whom (an they siibsliluie at the last moment ?" "{lo; act it youiself,' was the curt response. And in the end Ivlwin did act it, dressed in Ins father's clothes, wnich were "a world too wide." and made a great success. I'Vom this time his course was u|)w.ird, though he had his struggles. It was as the chiel a( tor of Ainc: i. a that he appeared in I, on 'on in 1861 .it the Haymarket, where he made an unl .uiiiinte start, and was only beginning lo be ap|)if ciated when thi' t-nd ol his sojouiii 111 iSritain I'mk La I K lUiW !N tloii I H. came. C).i his return to the Sl.ites. he became less"c of the Winter (Iarden Theatre, New York, where, in 1864, he produced " Hamlet," which had the then unheard (if run of one hundred nigiits. In .\pril, 1865, (xcurred the terrible assassination of P-esidc lit Lincoln by lyC' GILBERT AND SULLIVAX—JOIIN KUSKIN. tht^ actor's brother, John Wilkes Booth — an event wliich darkened all Edwin Jiooth's life. He retired from the stage for nearly a year, and was with difficulty persuaded ever lo return. He vowed never again to enter Washington, where the crime was comiiMtted, and he kept his vow. At the Winter Garden Theatre, he produced the "legitimate" in magnificent style ; and, when the house was burnt down, rebuilt it, and continued bis i)roductions. I'.specially notable were "Hamlet," "Julius C;esar," "Merchant of X'enice,'" "Winter's Tale," and " Much Ado About Nothing." I'inancial disaster, unfor- tunately, overtook this great enterprise : but the work lione in these revivals had its lasting influence on the American stage, and Edwin Booths famt; rests securely on these great achievements as manager and actor. Edwin I'ooth's chief characteristics were imagination, intuitive insight, s|)on- taneous grace, intense eui'itional fervor, and melancholy refinement. In personal appear ance, he was so far unfortunate that 'le was not of heroic stature: but he had a beautitul face, full of expression and power, and his voice was of magnificent quality. Hi' wa-. a most impressive actor : and n(j one who has seen can ever forget his I la inlet, 1 /,('(7r, his Othelhi. his Richeliiii, Jhrtuccii). is AV^/i,' or his W. S < . II l;Kt(T. Author t>/ ^^ I'inii/ore,'^ t'tf. Gilbert and Sullivan. — I'erhaps there never was a literary and musical |)arinershi|) which was so well assorted as that whiih exists between Mr. W. S. (".ilijcrt and Sir Arthur Sullivan. At the mention of their names. the varied scenes and words and music of their operas rise to the mind. " Pinafr^re," "Patience," " lolanthe," "The N'eoman of the ("iiiard," "The (londoliers," and "The Mikado," are only a few of the wonilerfully- spirited productions which thev have intro- c'uced to a grateful public. W. ^;. Gilbert is .fifty-eight years old, and a H.A. of Cam- bridge. He was educated for the law and called to the Bar, but gravitated towards dramatic literature. Sir Arthur Sullivan is fifty two years old. His father was Principal • IK Aim HL k Sti.i.tv an, i\nit/>Oit'r of^^ /'inii/ori,' elt.. Professor of Kneller Hall, the training .S(;hool lor Hiitish military bands. He was a ^' I. j. Kdkn, Winner at the Internafitmat Skntin\i 7\'urttatfieHf. championship) in the 1,500-metres race. The match for jirofessional skaters was won by young Marten Kingma, of Clrouw, Friesland ; the noted English [)rofessional, James Smart, was not |)resent. Thousands of spectators had travelled to droningen on skates. At the Amsterdam meeting, Norway, Sweden, and Hamburg had sent worthy representatives. There were races, or matches, at 500 metres, 1,500 metres, 5,000 metres, and 10,000 metres. To win the "("hampionshii) c^f the World," a man had to gain three first prizes. This was done by J. J. Ivden, but he unluckily fell in the 10,000-metres race. Mr. Eden, but nine- teen years of age, defeated all the English amateurs last year at Cambridge, ICngland. SuiNOHA KlEA.NORA Du'-E. Elcauora Diise. Signora Duse is a really great actress, who, during the year 181)3, made a great impression in dramatic circles, both in Euro[)e and the United States. She was bold enough to play some of Sarah Hernhardt's parts in Italian. Her P' rformanceat the Lyric Theatre, in London, constiiuted one of the memorable features of the dramatic year. Eniin Paslui. — The real name of Emin Pasha was Edward Sclmit/ler. He was born at Oppeln, in Silesia, in 1840, and was, consequently, fifty three years old at the time of his violent death in .Africa. He early displayed a great love of Natural Histnr). He studied in the medical schools of lireslau and Berlin. He went to C'on- stantinople in 1864, and formed one of an expedition sent out to Arabia. He was away nine years. In 1876 he went to Egypt and offeied his services to deneral (lordon. .78 /WSI/Or Ji ROOKS --.INDRK IV C.lh'AJCi.IE. 'I'lu' two liecame fast IViciuls. He was made a Hi-y, and appointed ('.overnor of tlir Ivpiatorial I'rosincc. In the year iNSi alone tm - 'I IIE l.ATK EmiS I'ASIIA. he was instrumental in lil)eiating nearly 700 slaves ; but he wa at last submerged by the tide of insurrection which swept southward from the Soudan. fiishop B rooks.- -Xmancsi lost her most distinguished livinj; divine and ecclesiastic — if the latter term be altogether allowable — in Dr. Phillips Brooks, Bishop of Massachusetts, and for many years the leading figure in the TiiK l.ATK HisHoi' I'hii rips Brooks. Episcopal Church in the United States, which is, of course, an offshoot of the lOnglish Kstablishment. Dr. Hrooks' career is very largely associated with the revival of a liberal form of Anglicanism in Boston, where religious life was, u]) to the date of his apitearance, almost completely in the hands of the Unitarians. I )r. pjrooks' elofiuence, personal charm, and intellectual strength broke down this monopoly, without at the same time introcl -ing any narrow or harsh standard of theolo^ ect, and to the regret, of n PE /.ESSE/'S. Mr. lVi/li()iii Smith, M.I' , of (.'olumhus, Out., is a native Canadian, bom on the fiirni where lie now resides on llie i<)lli of \f)veni lier, 1X47. His |iarents came from Moriiy shire, ill ScoiI.iikI, wlien the forest still held gained some kiKJwledge of the schemes of Mohammed Ali for the ajigrandizement of that proMPce of the Turkish iMnpire. Among these was the project of the Si:e/ Canal, always favored liy France. In 1X54, I'erdiiKUul de I esseps propcjsed that under taking to Said I'asha. My the inlluence of Napoleon 111., a liriiiaii sanctioning the eiilerjirise was obtained from the Sultan at C()nsiaiitino|)le ; and in |anuar\, iXjfi, the \"iceroy of I'/gypt granted the concession to the Sue', ('anal Company, taking also for himself a large lumiber of shares. I'lie works, commenced in 185c;, were, to a great extent, (arried on by forceil native labor, and the Egyptian Coxernmcnt aided them by vast expenditure, to whi( li the beginning of its financial dilliculties may justly be ascribed. In August, i.S6q, the waters of the Red Sea mingled with those of the Mediterranean ; and on Nov. 17 of that year the canal was formally opened. .M. de 1, esseps was created a X'icomte, received the (irand (,'ross of tlie Legion of Honor, and obtained many other honors, including that of Cirand (.,'onimander of the Star of India from our ( hieen. 'I'he Wll.l lAM .SmI i M. .M. 1*. dominion in the country where they settled. He was educated in the public schools of Ontario, and, like many of the leaders in the affairs of our land, t(;ok a course at Upper Canada College in Toronto. Mr. Smith has an innate love for everything pertaining to agriculture, and his efforts as a practical farmer have been crowned witli success, as is evidenced by a visit to his splendid farm near Columbus. He has filled the offices of president of the county agricultural society and reeve of his own township, East Whitby, and was elected to represent South Ontario in the House of Commons in I1S87. In the general elections of 1 89 1 he was defeated by a narrow majority by Mr. J. I. Davidson, who was unseated for bribery by agents, and in the bye-election held in I'ebruary, 1892, Mr. Smith carried the county again by a majority of 161. Ferdinand de /.esseps. — Horn Nov. 19, 1805, the son of a diplomatic servant of the Eni])ire under Napoleon I., was appointed, in 1828, -Attache to the French Consulate at Lisbon, and became (Consul at Barcelona in 1842. He had, with his father, in F^gypt, VlCO.MTi. FkRDINANI) I)K I.ENSKIS. Panama Canal scheme, which he was per- suaded to take up about twelve years ago, was based on engineering surveys and reports made by supjiosed e.\perts to more than one International Congress. t *k'^i .-^.■Nv- iC\'. :jMh.ifAlv :/* Retfeai iiK Matabei.k Warriors after an F.ni'.ai.rmen t. L 1 84 'f , !<5 r- 7. C.I NA DIAN CI I I'R CHES. J3 C o i t/1 ri fc- ■J ^ Ui •£ y. *-• ■^ -" •>M \j <« 3 " M rt ^ c S O u ^ tr. 4^ O SI cr o •^ rt ,c -] o td hfl :^ o to « rt 'D ^ HI ■A X O < > .2 4^ 02 C3 E *j^ -^ o a tl^ 'X c ^ u •o o e£ « 55 i« c < o t; U ^_i z s o s H S u X V 2 i; o 1) X ■punj unj« luamiiiiiof) - lAi^^ M S •- aio- ^/^ rt-i o I'^c^ o "^ -• •- cc «: t^ •t 'n 4 f r "t 4 ''• 'i' _ ./^ o r^ p*^ ^ iri fo o. 'f i/^vO 'O ciO - too oo oc t^oe " ■ I-* iriciQ iri -^ i/^ (N ^> N c^ ■ O ^o o ^O ^O c^ '^ N n ^'i • tfti tluiltJindisiis' •pim,| pis^ ^^ M r* — N rr C^ fl u^ '^ <^ u^ M* "K N t>, flf) »^ i 0^ ^ ^ ^« d 5- (A & C» 'to O 'O h^ O^ '^ 1^ -r "" 4^5 ■O a :Z ■+ P* ri N r. [BUOnU.Vlip'il jC 1^ t* ri o X 0\ 1/1 ^ -* •-< ^c Tf>o — t^'jt - "-I O Q 00 in - vC >n t- O '•n (> t^cio c*c CO . o pT n pr — ' -^ -^ I ^ « -I vS J uoiivniitji!.i3()ns in O '■nw >n r-» c^ ^ — C^ •'O 1^ t -O iO 'ICC O 00 Q 0^■C t->.*^r>.N ''O'*" 1 O 00 o o Q- t-^ "^ o C^OO 'I- '■'^ t^ (-* O '■ON '^ O ^ o ■puiij Xjumois^i]^ &l r^ r^ wf mm f,^ t-^ r*^ Tf- t-^ MX) — — ^^C^O tnN •■o — N -^ N f o . t-, r-^ Oi r*^ ,'siuapuaiuu3dng jooqag -^Bpung r-^ O O *- f^QO 00 o N «f ^ 'S>AIICIU3sajd3^ s',pjeM3is 'Sjapvai 5s«o •Si314oqx'.l •sj»i|D«;>J,| [\:x' 1 •s-jniiojiwioj,! On>£) vo O n t O " PI M N 00 o a* N N M mmm O O M 0^^0 ^ t '■'1 O r'l M . 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''I •* tn C(0 tTi >^- r^ .._^. _«_ r^ N li^ CT. 0^ ^^ * m O-' w^ »n .^_ vO w 1^ CO ■5 t^ '& ;;; 00 li^ PPl - ^ 8 PO p^ 00 r>. •* N 1 1 p^ a >o ro N m ^ c8 ri h^ r^ fl ?• ^^ rt v5 u-> PI c PO pp^ ri •^ t ^f) PO ^/^ (^ t^ ^^ PO pp^ 00 vO SJ N Pn 'T r*. PO « PO •iua4U9f( a^^UlO ^Pi>! -itintu (o -oi^ I sai|nuR^,j JO -o^ •[K-ijl^iiln^^ siioiiuig pun S3q:>.in'i3 jo 'oj^ C I-^ ;^ ^ Pn CI ri 8^ •t a^ t-. m — p- ro .s 00 vO lA fi fO u^ c*^ 00 u^ ■+ N PO I^ pp^ -t r/1 ? pp^ -■o fl in •fl- ri ^ .1- r^ -i- »n i-r- r--. S t PO N ri CI PI yj ■0 i^ •0 U-, -r ci tC m rt i ^ § H « * d n ■ c c ■^ rt u: s u _2 ^ — ^ O r^ rt 'C IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I m Ilia 12.5 IM IIIII2.2 IIIIM 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 M 6" - ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 [Ti(>) 872-4503 &. i^. i86 C V/ \ ID/A\ C 11 1 A' ( UES. \\\\ IIM (JI1K(. II. AsS'lCIAlIilNs Amhersllnirj; lirant (^anaila (Cfiilral) Kasu-rn Elgin (jrand Lifjne ; Krcmh ) . 1 lamilton Middlesex and Luiidon.. Midland Niagara Norf.ilU Northern Nnrlhweslern H.C ( )ltawa < )wi.n Smind l'elorl)iiroii(;h . . 'I'oroiUi) Walkerloii Western Whitby and Lindsay.... Wooilstuck . . . Totals I.-S2.5 27(1 1.105 2,628 2,191 1,647 2,722 1. 055 2,465 2,. 505 1.317 1,41; 4.Sii '.257 1.867 1 , 264 2,US3 = 11 "; FiNAM ES. 3 12 17 1 1 "4 "S 1 1 20 20 15 27 26 22 21 18 '5 '5 21 >7 12 10 21 S 20 21 21 3J 21 26 24 22 34 19 28 24 21 2,104 925 "•7S'J 1 '.355 1.^2? 2,35' 1,825 1.350 2.535 '.053 1.403 697 1,380 6,270 1. 03 1 2,120 «.I7S 1,704 18. •r, a. »« = Bui/] $'),.1.52 12 8,225 5 6,652 26 6.33S 50 8,646 46 $1,851 45 742 96 '."7 55 995 36 I If. $2,216 94 81s 07 1.350 49 963 27 4'M 43 1,247 S3 I 829 82 i 59S 57 481 66 I 417 34 , 1,209 49 i 303 40 '• 702 17 5,U2I II I 699 29 I 435 60 \ l.oiS 44 ' 758 29 5 = c »S fc- ■■; fct rt w ■J — * > s $5o<* 57 209 53 '.233 3'< ■•■> 96 52 498 34 '.275 73 1.042 93 799 74 447 72 'M 39 1,487 26 I'^l 65 775 77 4.253 64 457 93 457 72 1,506 85 755 «5 82 45 346 8( 32' 79 123 70 80 75 108 97 909 45 128 40 20i' tickets 300 50 Admission fees, clog show. . 1.794 30 $67-419 70 Subscription account, gencr.nl $587 00 .Subscription account, dog show 160 00 __ — "■ 747 00 Museum, gross receipts $i>S77 80 Congress of Nations 2,776 15 Manitolm animals 188 40 4,542 35 Entry fees, general $3,506 45 Entry fees, dog show • ,250 00 Hooths, dining hall, and refreshment privileges 6, 1 10 00 •Spt'cial rights of sale •. 3,671 80 Total ....$87,247 30 EXPENSE. I'rize account, general $31,232 13 I'rize account, judges' fees. . . 1,350 00 Proprietor of museum, propor- tion of receipts $i|229 23 Proprietor of Congress of Na- tions, proportion of re- ceipts 2,168 51 Proprietor of Manitoba ani- mals, proportion of re- ceipts 94 20 $32,582 13 3,491 94 Interest 1.669 11 tieneral expense.^ — .Manager and Secretary's De- partment $ 4,423 10 Treasurer's Department 1,089 00 Printing and stationery 4it39 54 Advertising and postage, re- duced by $500 received from the city 4.362 08 Electric lighting 2,12050 Fireworks and illuminations. . 7,433 38 Special attractions '3,479 '5 Music, etc 2,067 00 Dog show expenses 664 64 General wages 5,799 28 General expenses 2,709 82 Balance, being profits of exhiliition of 1893, carried to general account. . . . 48,287 49 1,216 63 Total $87,247 30 4,7S<' 45 The Montteal Exhibition was held for one week only instead of for ten days, as on the two previous occasions, it l)eing considered that it would be more in the public interest to have the entire Hxhibition open at one time, the former Exhibitions having proved that during the first tiiree days, when the live stock was not on the grounds, the attendance was very small. Owing to the unfavorable weather, the fact that there was rain on two days of tlie week, and from other causes, the attendance this year was very disappoint- ing, and much less than might have been expected. The number of exhibitors and entries in the various departments were as follows : :nt 6,110 oo • 3.671 80 .$87,247 30 >3 00 —$32,582 '3 23 S' 20 3-491 1,669 94 II 10 00 54 08 SO 38 «5 00 64 28 82 of 48,287 49 1,216 63 ..$87,247 30 held for one s, as on the considered blic interest >pen at one ving proved hen the live ; attendance unfavorable ^as rain on )ther causes, ' NiiinliiT of Nuinl'or -it Kihilili'-r-.. liiitncs. Horsf 133 525 Ciiltlf 66 540 Sheep 2 J 275 Swiiie 29 306 I'oulliy S6 1,263 Dairy I'nxlucts 92 166 Agricultural Products 59 558 ilciiicnitural 75 1,332 Machinery 22 26 Agricultural Implemenls. .. . 19 109 Carriage 18 86 Natural History 6 8 Honey and Apiary .Supplii's.. 12 54 Ladies' and Children's 126 688 Miscellaneous Manufactures.. 107 139 Totals 872 6,075 SI MMARY. Livestock 250 1.646 I'oullry 86 1,263 Industrial and Machinery.. . . 292 1,048 Natural History and Honey. 18 62 Agricultural and Dairy 151 724 Horticultural 75 1,332 Totals 872 6,075 This year, owing to the courtesy of the Honorable C"ommi.ssioner of .'Vgriculture, there was a Working Dairy in operation, and the various improved methods of butter- making were fully explained and illustrated by competetit experts from the college at St. Hyacinthe. Great interest was shown by the numerous visitors to this department, and the intelligent observations of the audience proved the utility and success of the arrange- " ments. The number of exhibitors in the Main Building was less than in the previous year, owing to absence of many of the smaller exhibits. The individual displays this year were much larger and more attractive, and several leading houses exhibited for the first lime. The Horticultural Department was man- aged by the officers of the Montreal Agricul- tural Society, to whom the best thanks of the company are due. The building presented a handsome appearance; the beautiful plants and flowers were elegantly and artistically arranged, and, m connection with the sweet strains of the "Hungarian (iypsy Hand," prijvcd an admirable featureof the Exhibition. The Poultry Building was well filled, the new coops giving it a most attractive appearance. Subjoined is a table showing the daily re- ceipts : Ilato. 4th September. 5th 6th 7th 8th " 9th " Day. Aitiiiiint. . . .Monday $3,228 65 ..Tuesday .... 1,352 15 ...Wednesday.. 5,374 25 . . .Thursday.. , . 1,623 65 . . . Friday 3,869 65 ...Saturday.... 1,26390 Total receipts $16,712 25 'I'he following is ihe Treasurer's statement KK.I Kll'ls, Dec. 31, 1892. Halauce on hand $ 1893. Third Call on Slock .... " Corporation of .Montreal. . " Interest on Deposits " Rental of (irounds " Kntiies " I'rivilege.s " .Space " Restaurants " .Saleof Old Hoiler " Horticultural .Society.. " Admissions : (■ale Money. . $14,484 40 (jrand .Stand.. 2,428 21; Special Attrac • tions 994 64 9,770 00 0,000 00 127 18 1,145 50 i,3<>6 00 1,270 65 235 00 2,140 95 420 00 1,006 60 .Special Prizes : Wells it Rich- ardson Co. . $ Homing I'igeon .■\.ss()ciation "^i'ntrealSlreet Railway Co 160 60 5000 20 CK) 100 00 17,073 25 Sundries, KXl-ENOITUKK. Outstanding Accounts, 1892 Real Estate Legal Expenses I'rizes $11,43364 " Horticultural 1,75825 Trades and Labor Council Printing Advertising Postage and .Stationery Petty £\penses Wages Entries anil Privileges refunded (leneral Expenses Special Attractions and Rands Judges' Fees Expenses of Travelling Agents, etc . Poultry Feed and Hedurham Sept. 26-27 Bruce, Centre Paisley .Sept. 26-27 .Mitchell Mitchell Sept. 26-27 Huron, Centre Clinton .Sept. 26-27 Ontario, North Uxbridge Sept. 26- 27 Bowmanville . Bownianville Sept. 2627 York, North Newitiarkct Sept. 26-27 I luron Township .... Kipley Sept. 26-27 Northwestern Wingham Sept. 26-27 .Muskoka, E Huntsville Sept. 26-27 Central Walter's Falls Sept. 26-27 Netherby Sopt 26-27 Esquesing (ieorgetown .Sept. 2627 Southern Brantfonl .Sopt. 26-28 Northern Walkerton Sept. 26-28 Waterloo, N Berlin Sept. 26-28 Elgin St. Thomas Sept. 2628 Orenville, S Prescott Sept. 26-28 Northern Collingwood .Sept. 26-29 Middlesex, W Strathroy Sept. 27-28 Wellington, W Harriston Sept. 27 28 Nipissing, W Sturgeon Falls Sept. 27-28 Frankville Frankv ille Sept. 27-28 Tilbury, E Tilbury Centre Sept. 27-28 Niagara Sept. 27-28 Orillia Orillia Sept. 27-29 Central Lindsay Sept. 27-29 Rosi and Bromley . . . Colxlen Sept. 28 I lorticultural . I lespelrr .Sipt ('annington Cunnington .Sept Well.-ind Welland Sept Peel Hraiiiptun .Sept 1 »i'reham Tilsonburg .Sept Perth, N Stratford .Sept Musknka Ilracebridge. .... Sept Wa« anosh Ilclgrave Sept Bruce, North Port Elgin Sept Dufferin Orangeville Sept Plympton Wyoming. . Sept, ( iarafraxa, W Belw(MKl Sept Romney Wheatley .Sept, ( iainsboro' Sept, ll0rticullur.1l Palinersion Sept North Norw ich Norwich .Sept Tyendinaga Shannonville Sept Dunnville f ^t^P' (Oct. lona lona Oct. Tilbury, W ( "omijer Oct. Rent, E .Thamesville Oct. .Malahide .Aylmcr Oct. Lincoln St. Catharines Oct. Puslinch .Alwrfoyle Oct. I Iuml)erstone Oct. Middlesex, N .Ailsa Craig. . Oct. Acton Hort Acton Oct. F'enelon Fenelon Falls Oct. Normanby Neustadt Oct. Oxford Ingersoll Oct. Cilenelg Markdale Oct. 1 laldimand (Jayuga Oct. Brant Paris Oct. Northeastern Midland Oct .\rthur Township . . ..Arthur Oct. Simcoe, N Stayner Oct. Northumberland, W..Colxiurg Oct. Lennox Napanee Oc'. Horticultural Wroxeter Oct. Manvers Bethany Oct. .Mgoma, East Sault .Ste. .Marie . .Oct. Him-sworth Powassan Oct. Lanark, North .Almonte Oct. li. .Southwestern .... Essex Oct. Peninsular Chatham Oct. Thorold Thorold Oct. Whitchurch Slouffville Oct. Algoma, West Thessalon (Jet. Brook \lvinston Oct. Wellandporl Oct. York, East Markham Oct. Euphrasia Kocklyn Oct. /orra, West Embro Oct. McLean liaysville Oct. Bertie Township Oct. Trafalgar Oakville Oct. Blanshard Kirkton Oct. Wellington, C Flora Oct. Wallacetown Wallacetown Oct. Uenfrew, North Bcachburg Oct. Northumberland, E. . Warkworth Oct. Elgin, West Wallacetown Oct. Huron, East Hrus.'^ls Oct. Waterloo, South (Jalt Oct. Wellington, C Fergus Oct. Pelham Oct. Durham, East .Millbrook t)ct. Calednn ('harleston Oct. Nas.sagaweya Brookville Oct. Nissouri, Fast Uintore Oct. (ireenock Pinkerton Oct. Springfield Springfield Oct. Norwich, South Otterville Oct. I lowick ( lorrie Oct. Hensall Hensall Oct. ( ;iencoe Glencoc Oct. Grimsby, .South Smiihville Oct. 2« ;<> 28-29 :. 28-29 28 29 2829 28-29 :. 28-29 28-29 . 28-29 . 28-29 29 29 • 29 . 5-6 5-6 s-<> 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 6 6 6 6-7 6-7 7 7-8 9-10 9-10 INDEX. Abbott, Sir John 63 " " Tolitical Career of 63 " " Death of 23. '35 ' Aberdeen, Countess of 30 j " Earl and Countess of 1 35 i Allan, A., Death of IIQ 1 Anarchists i6a | Anglican Church Synod I3*"4 1 Annexation Meeting 119 > Australian Matters 169 ' Harley Beauport Asylum Behring Sea Arbitration Bishop of British Columbia, Appointment of. . . Biake, Edward, First Speech of, in the Imperial Parliament Booth, Edwin Bowell's Australian Commission Boyd, Ex-Governor, Death of Brazilian Revolution British Soldiers, Parade of Brooks, Bishop Phillips Buffalo Robes 40 25 18 120 175 i 23 I 136 169 «3« 178 116 CANADIAN Churches 184 Methodist 184 Anglican '8S Presbyterian 185 Baptist 186 Canada Revue and Etho 25 Canadian Magazine, Appearance of 122 Cape Breton Coal Mines 119 Carnegie, Andrew 178 Caron, Sir Adolphe 15 Cathedral in New \'ork 168 Cattle Disease 60, 1 22 Children, Protection of 26 Children's Charter 26 " Aid Society T)}, "Chippewa" .Steamer 123 9 Cholera, Apprehensi' 182 J.il)eral Convenliun 20 i-ife-Hoat 121 l.iijuor I'leliiscite 27 " Traflic Commission 120 Lumber ^o Maciloiiald, Sir John A , Staliie of 135 Miiclxenzie. Mrs., Death of 123 Mammoth ( 'hccic 58 Manitoba School Legislation 7 Marter, M.I' 27 Metropolitan, F.lection of 120 Millers' Association 130 Minerals, Ontario 66 Mow.it, Laily, Death ol 123 Murder of a Farmer in (Quebec 123 " " Police ('onstable 120 " at Port Credit 136 " Trial of Luckey 135 McCarthy, U'.Mton 5 McGlynn, Dr 173 McCireevy-Connolly Scandal 22, 1 36 Nanscn's Triyj to the Pole 165 National Council of Women 33 " Rifle Association 126 Nelson, Hugh, Death of 123 " Monument, Attempt on 136 New Itrunswick Covernorship .... 22 Newfoundland 6, 42 N ew York Cathedral |68 Northw St (Governorship 22 " Products of the 39 " .Schools 24 Nova Scotia Coal 17 ■Observatory, Toronto 1 19 Ontario Agriculture and Arts Association 45 " and Quebec 23 " Legislature 26 Orange Order 1 28 Panama Canal . 162 Papineau, Mr., Conversion of 26 I'.P.A 27 Parliament Buildings 123 Patrons of Industry 13, 27 Phelps, .\merican Ambassador 179 I'olar lixploration 165 Pork 40 Presbyterian and Congregalionalist Conference. . 1 18 i'rince Kdward Island Klections 24 " and Princess of W ales 140 " of VVaL's and Yacht Racing. 142 Prof, lolin ('nm|il.ell, .-Mleged Heresy of 128 Prohibition Commission 135 Prorogation of Parliament 17 Queliec Legislature 136 Queen, The, at Florence 138 " " at Imperial Institute 138 Robbery by Daylight 120, 122-3 Robertson, Prof., Kcturn of 120 Rnskin, |ohn 176 Ryerson, Dr 180 " Kleclion of 26 •Salolli, Papal .Ablegate 173 .Servia, Revolution in 163 Shipping in the Maritime Provinces 43 .Speech from the Throne 6 Sl'OKTs, 1S93 69 \acliting 69 Aquatics 75 Football 75 Cricket 81 Lacrosse 85 Baseball 87 Cycling 87 Bowling 93 Billiards 95 t-urlinK 95 Athletics 96 Stallion Show 45 Storm in Toronto and Neighborhood 136 St. Paul's Bazaar 118 Sunday Street Cars, Vote on 131 Tarifl" Changes 9 Thompson, Sir John, at Glencoe 134 Trade and Commerce 35 " with Great Britain 35 Tupper, lion. C. II., Knighted 131-2 United States 166 " Victoria " Disaster 171, 182 Waddington, M., The Late 181 Wallace, Ilim. N. C 13 Walton, Izaak 130, 172 Water Supply, Toronto 119 Welland Canal 7 Wheal Product of the World 53 Woman Suffrage 27 W irld's lair 97 Yarmouth, N. S 40- 1 York, Duke of 138-144 -Tr«tCTT.T-.n;.-iff.^w..-j->.t« I'Alill 128 «3S 17 136 .. . 138 .. .. 138 120, 122-3 1 20 176 i«o . ... 26 '73 '63 43 6 69 69 7S 75 81 .... 8s 87 87 93 95 95 96 • •• 45 136 u« «3< 9 ... 134 35 35 ... 131 2 166 .171, 182 181 .... 13 •130. "72 119 7 53 .... 27 • 97 . . . 40-1 .138-144 tK List of Illustrations. , . Kriinlispifce .6 7 8 9 10 . .. II 12 13 14 '5 16 17 llcr M«jetly the <^)ueen Sir John Thompson I Ion. Wilfriil I -aurier lion. Maikenzie Howell lion. (i. K. Foster Hon. John ILiggart .... Hon. J \. Oiiiniet Sir John Carling Sir Oliver Mow:.t lion. John Co-.iigan ... Hon. David Mills Hon. T. M. Oaly Hon. (i. W. Koss Hon. Kdward P.l.ike 18 Sir Charles H. Tupper . 19 Hon. J. C Pallerson 20 Honore Mercier, M.l' 21 Sir Adolphe Caron 22 Hon. W. B. Ives 23 W. R. Meredith 24 Col. O'Brien, M.l' 25 Dr. Kyerson, M.l'. I' 26 D'Alton McCarthy, M. I' 27 Hon. Lieutenaiit-dovernor Kirkpatrick. . 27 Doorway, Toronto University 28 Earl of Aberd ;en y> Countess of .\berdeen 32 Horticultural Cardens and I'avilion, Toronto. . . 34 Scott Street, Toronto 36 Main Entrance, rarliaiiient Buildings, Toronto.. 38 DoorwB) of Victoria College, Toronto 39 Toronto University Library 41 Huron Street, Brantford —Christmas, 1893. . 43 Among the Rockies \4 Hon. John Dryden 46 William Saunders 47 President Mills 48 I.eauchoil Mountains and the Chancellor Rockies 50 James \V. Robertvn 54 J. Fletcher 56 William Kennie 57 On the (irand River, near Elora. . 59 Entrance to the Whirlpool, Niagara River 62 Sir John Abbott 64 Dam on (irand River 65 Steam N'acht " Cleopatra" 67 "Adagio" 68 Paum Yacht " /elma " 70 " Hero They Come 1 " ■ Ji A.C.A. Races 74 Queen's University Rugl)^ Football Team 76 "C.one !" 78 "Check" 80 , The International Eleven 8a "Found" 84 Cobourg Baseball Club 86 Toronto Wanderers" Racing Team 88 Toronto B.C. Racing Team 90 Half-Moon Bay 9* Jarvis Street, Toronto 94 Castle Rest ■ 96 CuiiAi'.o E.xi'osiiioN : Hon. Lyman J. (Jage 97 Hird's-Kye View, World's Fair 99 Thomas B. Bryan 100 .\nlhony F. Seeberger loi Illumination of the .'\rt Building at Night. 103 Ontario Department 106 Mrs. B. II. Palmer 108 Harlow N. Iliginl)otham lOO Administration Building by Night 1 1 1 Thomas W. I'almer 113 Col. Geo. R. Davis 114 Buffalo Robes 116 Oroiip of British Soldiers 117 Central Prison (iroiinds, Toronto 121 The " Nina " Skitif : 124 Church of the (lesu, Montreal 127 Imperial Institute, British American Conference Room • • - i.?o Motmt Pleasant, North Toronto 133 .Most Rev. Archbisho)) Machra.y 135 The Late W. H. Ilowland 136 St. Catherine Street, Montreal . 137 " Victoria " Disaster 139 Prince ( leorge of Wales 14' Princess May of Teck '43 Lord Roberts I44 Duke and Duchess of FMinburgh 145 Lord Rosebery '46 Lord I loughton '46 Lord Salisbury Speaking 147 Mr. (iladstone Speaking I47 Lord Rosebery Speaking. . 14S Colonel Saunderson " Making a Point" 148 LIST Ol- III VSTRATIONS. il V ■ Pa .k I'oels ( 'irner, \^^•■llmin^ler Alil)«y jeo I'ope l.f.i MM ,52 Marshal M.u'Muhoii jc^ Battleship II. M.S. "Revenge" 155 Abbas I'asha, Kheiiive of Kgypt 156 «5" '57 '5S IS" Lord Croiiui .\ilniir.il llmnann Kiiiy of Siam 15- i^iiiLcn of Siam. . . .. 158 M. I'iuie, French Minister at M.iin Fortitied Islam) near Bangkok. . ., Kinj; I.ohenKuU lOo Map of Smith Africa 161 I'.in.tiua ( anal 162 King Alexander of Servia itjj Kx-Kinj; of .Servia 165 Kx-f^'iicen Natalie of SerWa 163 < Ireal Mos(|ue at W .i/.in 164 I)eparliire (if 1 ir. Nansen in the " Frani " 165 Dr. .Nansen 165 Cathedral of St. John, New Vork 166 Cleveland and I lis Cabinet 167 Bishop I'otter, of New \ork 168 Tresidcnt I'eixolo 168 Admiral Mello 168 Liliiiokalani 169 S Kntrance to Kio de Janeiro 170 ' Kiv.il Ueliyioii- in Honday 171 I/iiak Walton '7* j Di. I'Mward Mctllynn 173 Monsi(»nor .Satolli ... 174 Dr. Jiwell 175 Ivlwin llonih , I7J , (;iliiertand Sullivan 176 John Kiiskin 176 j. J. F^dcn, Champion Skater 177 .Siynora Kleanora Diise 177 Kinin I'asha iy8 Ki.shop I 'hillips Brooks 178 .Vndrew Carnegie 178 Arneriian .\nibassador Phelps 179 .Sergeant T. \\ . Davies 179 Sir Mortimer Diirand .... 180 The 1. ate Lord l'.l)ury |8o The Late M. VVaddington. 181 .Mr. William Smith, M.I'.. i8a Ferdinand Lesseps . 182 Matalieles in Retreat 183 Faslnet Lighthouse 186 Sandwich Island ( iirls 187 ' I .\f/sc/:/j..i\EOUs. l()9 > 170 171 •7^ •73 '74 17s •75 176 176 "77 177 178 17« 178 '79 '79 180 180 181 182 182 '83 186 .87 The " W^odyatt"^ THE BEST.... I'aienleil in KiigUind, May I'lh, if 1,3. " " UiiiieJ Stale*, IJcc. mil, 1B93. >'^5»^X'' [awn ATOWER ...In the Market... For S.ile in Every City and Tfiwn in Canada, Australia, Gieat Britain amt Ireland, Germany, France. Russia, New Zealand. Norway and Sweden. Den- Miaik, BelKiuni. Jamaica, and the West Indies. HANUFACTtKED BY A.«k the Hardware Dealers For It. A. R. WOODY ATT & CO. GUELPH, Canada l^einliart Bros. BERLIN, Ontiiriii, So;.K DriMiMuN Oknkksanu .VIani KAt I urehs OF IHK ll.ST I.V CeIKHRAIEB WHIRLl'OOL WASHING MACHINE THK HESr WASHKR KVKK PATENTED. To .agents this nuichine is provin}; ilscif .1 veril.nhle bonanza. County rifjhts for sale orv literal terms. The company also manufacture a splendid Cl.OTIIKS KKKI.. and a full line of Wash Tubs, Tanks, etc. Send for Our Circular. Reinhart Bros., Berlin .\//sc/:/.i..iM-:oi's. SASKATCHEWAN ][?0bC8 Hgual to the Orlxinal Buffalo Skin WARM, HANDSOME, AND UNWEAROUTABLE Lined wiili Si'arlei or Ulack Lanibbkin. Miide in one piece \\n seams. As stroni; ss leallier. Impervious t-i rain: also mollis. Patented In Canada and the l.'nited States Buffalo Fur Cloth and Black Astrachan Cloth Coats thoroughly well lined. These ifoods received hixhesi awar1 and diploma at llie World's Fair. Send tor information and testimonials. MANUFACTUntO Ml NEWLANDS&CO. . an.> AHERICAN BUFFALO ROBE CO. <1ALT, ONT. BUFFALO, N.Y. For tilt- past 5 years Dr. Mason, of the State of New York, has been siic'essfiilly trtatinji Cancers and Tutnors in his private practice by a painless and constitutional method, and his fame has spread to sucii an extent Uint now he lias patients in all parts of ti»e continent. Having heard personally of several remarkable cures effected by this pleasant home treat- ment, we have arranged to furnish it to any iierson in (!anada, duty paid, at U. S. prices. Send d cents for Dr. Mason's Common Sense Treati.se on C'anter, with leslimonials from those who have been cured. SrOTT & JURY, Bowmanville, Ont. JE. E4. Rogers Steamship, Railway and ^ J ^ General Ticket ^ '^ Agent. Correspondence Solicited. Dealer in Books, flusic, Stationery, Fancy Goods, Bicycles ^«> Sporting Qoods Uk> '■r. I'f w»^;ip "wjiw- HOTELS. I.ION Hhkukky ANii Hubthkr's Hotbi.. the most popular hotels in the country. It is furnished with all iiv>dern o The Lion Brewery VVATkHI.IMI, OnI . Enjoys an enviable reputa- tion for the excellence of its Prime Bock and Lager Which tiiid a ready sale in both wood and bottle. Address, r.HR. HIJETHUR. Senr., Waterloo, Ont Huether's Hotel Adioininit the Lion Brewer\ . is the finest structure of its kind in town, and <«ne oi veniences. including hot and cold baths, etc.. wA in Chr. Huether. .Ir . the public will meet with an ideal landlord. Give him a call when visitinR Waterloo. Ol'K K.VCTORY MACHINES: "The Star," "The New K," "The Man." (Hand hr Power). Kib'Top aiui l.edjzers, ('love and Mit Machines, Steam Pre.t«i!s, Cold Presses, Power Fullers, Power.Wringers, Power Winders, Loopers.— The best and Ijest only. • CND rOR PARTICULAR*. CREELMAN BROS.,nSt*?^n.d. The ^inimermann House .<^WA TERLOO, ONTARIO First-class in all respects. • • • Sample Rooms and all Modern Conveniences. The Leading Commercial Hotel of the Town HENRY ZIMMERMANN, Proprietor. .\SK roR THE ZIMMBRMANK ALEX. W. MEKNEK, Clerk. "^r. "-■j"';?»nT. 'v ''^f*vT: m MISCELLANEO US. The Jas. St. Charles Omnibus Co. BELLEVILLE. ONTARIO JAMES ST. CHARLES, Manager. HENRY PRINOLE, SecvTrkas. MAHurACTu„„ o, ELECTRIC AND HORSE STREET CARS. OMNIBUSES hOSE WAGONS, ■ 'And Special Wagon Work of Various Styles. Between 40 and 50 Cars furnished Montreal Street Railway Co. Reference, H. A. EVERETT, Managing Director. The following testimonial received from Mr. C. D. Warren, I'residdht Metropolitan St. Ry. l"o., Toronto, tells its own story : "We have your favor of the4th inst., and in reply beg to say that the sample car furnisbe 1 us by your company has now been in operution for over one year, and we are pleased to lie anle to advise you that we are as fully satisfied with this car-body to-day as when our ':ompany first put same in operation, .\fter carefully examining the manufacture of many of the different makers in the United States, we are convinced that, for finish and good work, your car-body is equal to, and in many cases surpasses, those we have seen elsewhere. So soon as our company increase their present plant, we shall be glad to place further orders with you. ' Signed C. D. WARREN. -r "It won't rub off MBASTINE < 1 fThe Perm.inent WnII-Coa(inff. Does not RUB or SCALE from any hard «urface. Coat over coat cnn be applied. No more washln); or Hcrapini; of walls necenan-. tiahastmeis The Sanil.iry Wall-Coatiny. . displaces Kalsomines, which decay on the wall. jiqually_ adapted for Ornamental work and Plain Tmtmg. Pleases Painters as well n« the (general public. Easily appliid by anyone who can handle a brush. Sixteen bc.nutifi.l tints and White. PutupinPive.noundfKickaires, and never sold in bulk. I he only Wall-Coating- that can be mixed in Cold Wafer. No hot water being- needed, Sa\1!s Time awd Waste. Full directions lor um on c\'ery p.-ickage. Sold by lending Mardwaic and Paint dealers every^ where. Our book. "The Decorator's Aid," furnished Painter*. Ask y jur dealer for Tlnt-Circiilar showing colors. Dewark of Imitations bearing similar names. THE AUBASTINE COT, LTD. Sou l«*MUF««TURtB3 • - PARIS, ONTARIO ■.;:r"' MISCELLANEO US. T he Canadmn Cano e Co. ^ I.IMITHIi Of Petorboroit^h, Ont. P.O. nox Build " ---^-4-, — ^. — ^ — . .. ... i::'.'-' ^.f\7.M!:\ Cnnoes, JRow-JBoats, ^team Z^aunches and falling Yachts. Write tliem for Illustrated Cntalague and Privea. Preston Furnaces.; ,/" *^^ /' CX)AL OR WOOD, OR COMBINATION (Hot Air and Hot Water). Are Sold on Their Merits and Guaranteed to Give Satisfaction. •I M Their Special Features of p y construction are covered by patents. vS Send for_ "Our Furnace Book." It will Interest and Satisfy you that you make no mistake In Kcttlng a PRESTON HEATER. Clare Bros. & Co. ^ Preston, Ontario w MISCEl. LA NEO VS. JOHN GILLIES & CO. CARLETON PLACE, ONI". MANUKACTURKKS OK Shipman and Acme Engines and Boilers From one tu six- Horse Power, usinn coal oil fuel. (Coal or wood burning boilers furnished when required ) Steam Launches. Marsh Steam Pumps, (Especially adapted for boiler feedinK; returns exhaust into suction, heatins feed water from 4(t to 50 degrees). Water Wheels. Qrist and 3aw Mill Machinery and Castings of all Descriptions. SEND FOR PRICE LIST. Q.& J. Brown flfg. Co. W. W. Lee, President and Superintendent BELLEVILLE, ONTARIO I.IMITeD tf ! ! HoilGr- Mil kart-i Mavhinlsts-i F^oundrymGn Sole Makers in Canada of the Babcock & Wilcox Co. ^1 WATER TUBE STEAH BOILERS Railway and Contractors' Supplies A SPECIALTY l'n>ief*, ItluiiiDnil CroDH/nw's, Hwifolien, lluntl'Vnrm, Kitrrten, l'o/«»p/|»e«/€> Vhvh, ./fm- Critwn, Triii'h Mtrllla, SoiiiHpliores, HntI Cnra, lititihlf niiii!i and Esliinaies Furnislieil fm L etter aiut pdcunit'm C abinets .: .■:■: Kollff Sl ielvini;. aiiJ Me tal Work, ~ The Eclipse Office Furniture Co. ^Vi^^';;^/ Limited. ueen 5t. OTTAWA, ONT. FINE BANK.OFFIcr: COURT HOUSE & DRUG STORE FITTINGS -v^Jf OFFICE . SCHOOL tHURCH & LODGE FURNITyRE2::;:=:=^^G0E- SEND FOB <^^t^ It Pays rHK kOCHESIKR SIWR NURSKKIKS. Thomas \V. IJowm \n, AdKNl V Dki'akimf.nt, IVtorhoroiigh, April 2ytl), iSyj. ('■KM , iMi.N,— In reply to your favour of 27th inst.. wu enclose tontract for a $50.00 word advertisement, to run same as last year. We have had vej^y good results from our investment, and feel that your [japor is the best medium we can get. We certainly receive more applications from our ad. in The Mall than wi- do from any other daily in Toronto. \ours truly, I'HOMAS W l»)\V.\|.\N. Till. .\l Ml. ruiMiMi Co.. I'oronto. F im'€ars later, the policies numbered 13,445, insuring ii.aao lives, to the amount of $16,1^2,195.38. The net pre- mium income for 1892 was $501,-189.13, or, including $111,562.13 received for interest on investments, a total of $614,951.26. The assets for the same year were $2,353,984. 20, and the surplus, exclusive of the amount distributed among ix)licy-hoIders, $i;6, 301. 30. In brief, after paying running expenses, death claims, and endowments, amounting to $116,450: the sum of over $65,000 in return -dividends ; and laying aside the full legal reserve, the Com^mny was enabled to increase its surplus ($176,301. 3u) by the handsome sum of $20,742. The rate of expense to income shows, moreover, a gratifying reduction ai.nuatly. The officers of the Ontario Mutual are: I. E. Bowman, M, P., Piesident ; Wm. Hendry, Manager; \V. H. Riddelt, Secretary ; W. S. Hmlgins. Supt. of Agencies; J. H. Webb, M.D., Medical Referee; Alex, Miller, Q.C.. BTlin, Solicitor ; and a Board of Directors including some of the most prominent gentlemen throughout Ontario. WJl^vr ■ ^U.mi^f pany rs. I. K. Hnwman, Vet iricur|K}rating .1 Company, having nion. The career only $5,504,478 of .38. The net pre- $614,951.26. The >lders,$i; 6,301. ■JO. r $65,o