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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtra reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* i partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICtOCOfV MSOIUTION TUT CHAIT lANSI and ISO TfST CHART No 2l I • ^J 121 *^^ MHB I.I b tii 136 2.2 2.0 1.8 E5 lllii lllli6 _J /APP LIED jIVHGE ST^S '^■'^chintef. Nei 16) 482 - J500 - Pho • "6) /88 - 5989 fo. PART B, ANNUAL flEPORT, VO'-. XL, 1800 CiKoI.iX.K'AL -li:\ i;^ (>!• CANAhA II i:['" •!:■ ATLIX MI.\1.\(, DISTRICT BRrriSIJ COLUMBIA J C. <.\VILL1.M, B.Sc. OTTAWA PHtXTKi) I'.Y < i: [i\Av-(,N. n;i\ri i; tm the kings most KXLLl.I.r.M MAJi;.-TV I'J^'l So 743 I^rice, TenceuU, j¥' '■^s^xt^^si .-,( *\ t f ■J. -a ^ ! cilv()i.()(;i(;.\F. >riivi;v ok canada in;i'uirr ATIJX MIMXc; DISTRICT iiHiTisii c()r;r.\iiiiA •' <■ "TJ'.WVA CKINTKI. HY S K. MAWSCN. I'UINTKK T(. THK KISiiH MOsT KX'KM.KNT .MA.IK.STV IttOl No T43 plllll(J " T.. It.M.nNi llni. M |i, M, It. K l( ^. Oif»fh)i\ U'liliKjK-itl S'irrrtf ,i/' I '.iiiittfit Him, I li«.i' rli. |toM<>iir !•» i|m>m >i|»mi ihti ili, iriil .'..i,! UMintf l»m Atltii a"l'l •"•l-l" Mf ii..rlliiri. Iliili^li r,il.iriil,i», A '"tili.iir inu|. iif till, i|i»lii,J .•.,ii,jn|.,| f,,,„, ,yn,,^. In M, \V II llii^il itiiil tii)M-llf nhii «•> itiii|M»iiir>« tlito ri'i'oil Id <'i>iiht' »lucly itf tlM> U'ttUtjy »f (hit iii- l.ir lli,.ir tt.,i«t,ii.... ,K,.i Ml «» K b-n.y .>r M.(iill l'iiiv.r»uy fur man*- wojiicul Kxiitiiiiiittioii lit iliin WH-tiiiiiii »1 rit. ki I hi»\.' t)i • h-OK'Ur t" l>«<. .*«ir, Voitr •ilM'iliftit i |i% ■«{* jj!'4- ♦■■■ ■# l-^ ' ( ' -■■■V5 JK£»». -^Mi2 RKPORT ATLIN minim; DISTKKT. HKITISII COLrMHIA IMHOIHITIipN. The (>xainii..ilion and tn|„,i:,;ip|.i,,il survey ,,f tli,. Atlin .listri.l w,i« A.l,„ ,|,„n.t umliTtiikHti in l.sim, an.l iw.. mmsuh.. weiv sp..n:, in sathcriny iimtrrial for a .-)UU feet contour map -<.„l,,-ioilly coloured, ami a r.-port upon the district. In JIMMI I «as assisted l,y .Mr. W. H. Hoyd who under- ,\,„„.nt. t(H.k the topyraphy of the iiiounlai!! features. The survey was tied on to .Mr. <)-ilvi,-'s traverse of tlie Lewes lliver in l,s,s7,at Tai,'ish lake. The methods of survey were l,y means of hoat-loj,' traverses of the M. Hio.U ,,f lakes and ma;;netic l.earin;{s, also latitude ohservations for the moun '""" tain and inlatid work. A transit triain;u'ation was made by Mi: liovd, of all the country hetween Taku aim and Tesliii lake Park horses were uspd as carriers. t »th..rsour(psofi„foni.ation have heen through Me.ssrs.Hrownlee and \. kM.mU.dR... Lowry of Atlin. .Mr. A. 8t. C'yr, of Ottawa and many others resident """"• in the di^^trict showed me courtesy for which I am much ol.lij,'ed. ti I lIlsrOKV OF IIIK DISTKICT. The district to which the followin;; report applies, lies hi'tween lati tudes 59 and GO' north and cxtend.s from loM;,'itu(le ]:V2 to i:?4 30 westof (ireenwich. This area indu.les the whole drainage l.asin of .\,va „.. h.,l..,l Atlin lake, together with the adj.ieeiit country to theeast of it, drainin" '" "''"" into Tesliii lake, also the Taku arm basin to the west of .\tlin lake, in all .some G,000 s.juare miles of the extreme north-west corner of Briti.sh Columbia which has recently come into prominence as a placer gold producing district. 4i ..^iNWM-^jr.: ■ ] 9» KM.IS DISTHHT. 1 I>n>liminitry map III iliitrict. Ool.l ill IWIH. Iiiiliaii iiiliabitaiit^. A preliminary riia|i of the w«'stern [lortiori of the district hiw l>een ah'Oii'lv |iublisli('i| in tht> Suimu.iry li«|Hii't for I'JOO. A more exten- Hive cuiitourcd innp acooiiijii»tii«'s the preNrtit it'j..iit. A'.lin l)H(.'aini' known as n prtMlut-tivi' iiUccr ;,'r>l(l cuinp t>;iily in the yeiir 1MW8 after the litscoverips miide hy MilItT and Mi|jir»-n. Tliest- Mien iipproaiht'd tlioilistrii't from SkaLjway over the White I'lis.s, thenee l)y way of Tut-hi lake and ri\er and the Ttku arm of Ti^ish lake to Atlin lake. Their Hr^t discovery ot >iold in p ivini; 'lu.inlilicf was made on I'ire creek iti .January, l>*'.>f*. This journey was made with dog sleds in the depth of winter hroiii thi^ (.nt it ap|cMrs prohalile thai tiie district was known to he ;,'olil-lH'arinj; prior > their recorded dis covery. Such a eonilu-^ion is supported hy ^.taternetils of ininets and prospectors who winter aloiii; the Ala--kan coast. There appears to be no evidence to prove that the creeks were formerly worked for^old, althou^di thi> is commonly helieve.l. .^ small .imount of pro.specling may have l)e;o to (-ladys lake. The intervening country npiiears to have been rarely visited, nor ate tlie trails above mentioned important hi;;hways of Inrs. During the tirst r ish into Atlin district in the sprin;; of ISOS and 18'J9, many different routes were followed : — The ' Fantail route ' was a shorter winter trail for dog shds from Skagway over White Fass. From White Pass the trail strikes south- easterly down a long wide (h'pression leading to Fantail lake, thenco across Taku arm to Atlin lake. The ' Taku route ' was from .1 uneau up the Taku river and Nakina river to the mouth of Silver Salmon river, thence \iy the latter valley and over a low divide at Pike lake to Atlin lake. Another all overland route was by way of the Telegi'aph-Teslin trail from Glenora to Teslin lake, thence across the ranges westwaid to Atlin lake. The present established route follows one of the early approaches by way of Taku arm from Tagish lake which is on the waterway to the Klondike. An all-rail and steamboat service now ^^mm^.^Jb^^'^m^^Mmmm^xsu^m I.AKKM. cnnnt'cts ihft ilintrict with tli« I'lioitic oa^t iit Skiij{Wfty. Thiti pliicew it witliin .a flag's travel ot' tin' oi*>.iii MteuiiieiH. TOt'OfiriAl IIV. Tilt* ;>iii<'t,il clHViitii.n ot'tlif lower Ink" ami \ alloy system eoinprising Ti.|«yr;n.liy. Lakes llennett, Tav'ish, Taku iirni ami Atliri i-< alxmt :.',jl)0 tee', nUive HPii level. 'I'llH hisjliest peaks . if th-' cjislriet ilo nnl exei'ed 7.()U0 t'e«t above sealevel. ( li'Mirally speakiti'.' the immiilaiii tup-, ire If.iiii .'i.iip> ha\iipi;a mutuled atid woin doun ap|»earaiiee. The mini lowi-r lake '.ysteiii lii's in depress ji mi re ur less iti a leirtli and south direction, tollowinj; the yeneral I rend ot" rnn^je and valley as se. ii all through the more southern poili.,ns of liritish I'olumhia. These prin- cii)al north and siiulh valleys are eonni'eted hy wide depres>ions. Coninisted with the ruv'^'eil >.'ranilie hairier of the I'oast Itanu'e tin- '•■v|'l"r.»tii.ii ilisttiet oilers easy expldiation. 'I'lie upper port ions iif the mountains ahi>\e the tiinlier lina are grassy and open, without, a-, a rule, inueh ohstruetion to travellint;. Kxtensive slopes and wide \ alleys are scantily timbered with llanksian pine, spiure and balsjui. The di;iina;,'e is in thiep dirertions. North and west lo tii>> I'fiper l)nlll^^^,'. . Yukon at Taidsh lake by way ot Taku arm; north and east to the Yukon by way of Teslin lake and riv.r; atid south-westerly by way of the Taku river 1. 1 the Pacilii- ocean at Juneau. The o> iitial point of dispersion is from the rcllinj; uplands half way between Atlin anil Teslin lakes. I.AKF.s. The chief lakes of this district are: — Taku arm. Atlin lake, and Teslin lake. These arc the lakes of the great nortii and-south valleys. Little Atlin lake is a shallow body of water M) feet hit;her than Atlin lake, but in the same wide .alley to the north of it. The lakes of the upper valleys which drain transversely east or west into the.se chief lakes are: Glady-slake, Surprise lake, Tutshi lake, Fan- tail lake, Edgar lake and Nelson lake. .Sloko lake drains ^o itli east- erly into Taku river and is the most southerly of these lakes. Concerning the depth, soundings were only taken along the northern half of Atlin lake. These soundings showed a fair regularity liiilNirtitnt l.ikes. Soiinilinifs taken. M H *Ttiy DinTRirr. I.irtif Ailiii hk. .Sl.«.,h,k.. Ill tt.r riv.r u.id ttale cvk drui.i into Taku arm fn.m th.- lakes al.osr ihe... whj,!, eo.itain .-."s.^r- voirs of glacial water. The .|uanfity of wat.-r in these stivam.s d..|,en.is upon their sources, rn.lune.ind July th.' ^'Iaei.>r-fed streams are low while the ..tl.ers are high. In August and Se,,tem(.er the rev.Tse is the cits.-. The ■same principle applie.s to the lakes. Atlin lak.. and river appear to be hi^d.e.st in early .Septemb.T. T.'slin lake ami Teslin river and all th.Mr tribuUiries have iiij,'h water early in the suiMmer. -Many cr.vks or brook.s are lateral tributaries of these main stream.s ami ..f the lakes. Atlin river .Ir.iins Atlin lake into Taku arm. It is two miles Ion;; and fall.s thirty-eight feet Tlie current is swift and rouv'h. !i,.ast aiv poled or tracked up to it. S,„ws lo;i,Ied with lumber arc taken down this stream at hiijh water. On June 18, ls99 the body of water was estimat.d at SO feet wi.le, ami 2 feet .leep, with' a .iirrent (lowin;; at the rate of five miles an hour. On July .il, 'l81)t) the body of water was estimated at lOOf.'et wide and six" feet deepi aviLUM IHI1CIPAI. RIVr.RX, » B with 11 .urrent iLiwin^ at t»ie raUi uf »ix miU an hour— nearly flvo time* iM ^rPHt. (SliMlyn ris.T ili'iir.^ (iladyx litko and th.- .listriit to tim *mith and rious ol)sti»iln to iuiall b' lilts. Tiie Niikinu riv.T runs in th- diMrict soulli-w..st of Cill.r.'atli p.,st, N.,kiiu riv.r. Ht th« iM)Uth.Tnfndof T.-slifi lake. It Hows rapidly through a roughly niountfiinous couniry alont; the soulh.'in cditrof th.- Atlin district. The chi.-f trilmtary from th.- noilh is th.' SiK.T .sJainion river. Kurthfr to the west th.- Slok.) riv.-r, a ;,'laci.r fed sti.-aiii of i.msidoral.le voiuui.' an.l roujihti.ss joins the Naknia nvcr. Aft.-r this jun.tion it iH-.'oniHs th.- T..ku nv, ,. Taku ii\.'r, win. Ii .■ntcrs liic IVilic ...fan m-ar ./umau. .-^ui! an.l r.)w Koatsoin I... broujit up th. Taku river -uidth.' In.lian.s app.^ar t.. have l..ni{ Use,! it asa hi-hway int.. the T.slin At lin eountry. It is also a lishin;; place tor salmon as far up as the jun. ti..n of the .'im|).v.i, ,re«fk, iiiii-it!;{ tlic S|,,k( uiiKiiiiiN. Tins riv. I tliitt- iti H -rciit \.illrv with » low .livi.l,. „t I'.U,. |„ii,, wlii.l, U.uls ir..m MIm l.ik.! I.. Silv... S,»liM.,n !,';,t;',',;I;.",'' :*.'"' '''"•*" '■';"'•"• " ''"" '»"" '"'•"*'"' p"< -' ii»' * »y '-y u... i •...i,im«n Tik.i iiw, I,, I' l<«ni|,h li,,.., iiikI lia.. iM-m ,iiuK.>,t.-.| n- n (.(.•.-ilil.. ,i|| f,,i| ,,,ut,. iniii.| Spriir,. ,,i, It,,. v..,itli Al! th.M- carry •■•' '"■ '''"^ P' "•'•'• -"'•'• 'I'l'*' vail, y "f I'm.- .•!.. k i. hi^l, a,„l l.r.,ml. It h,is i.M.iiy l..rr,i.-..<. Tii. r.. t'..r tli.. , t pirt Ulw.-.r. ;t(M) ,,,.,1 '"lOO tct.t iilH)ve til.. (i|..-(.tit ||.\,.| ,,f Alliii kik... CoiUM.riiiii); til.. \.>lui in.j p.,w.r ni ih,. various sfrt.aiiis .,f this ills- triot, it is iicli, ralil.. tliHt lh..n. ,ii.. 1,„1 f.'W f„IN. aii,| tli..s,. ,^,■,^ „( sl,.„t, now. Th.- only excptions to this are th,. sh.Mt tjlacier fed i ivers enterin;,' the south.rn part of Atlin lak.. an.l Taku Arm, which are in ^.'reatest volume in July and Aiiifust. No,,,. „f these streams r, .-..ive appreeiahle freshets froiii summers or fall rains. Wilt. 1 |H.Mir ,'f . T.-rra Terraced deposits occur aliove the shores of Taku arm in the valley „f Tutshi river. They aiv also found near Atlin lake, ,m Pino • i.iMUK, r\r>\ \M» n.MiiA II M cn-,k, Fmirtli „( .lul\ . n-.k. ri<.i.-.iu cn-rk ati to I..' no u,-ii,-ni\ hoii/ni .it rmOu iimt. I'liiii- ur*- t.Tri.fM or Inn -111., lit 10, ■.'(>. »ii. .-,(>. mj ami JlO t'.'ft at Taku unn. • »ii l'iii» cri-il. till- |iiiii' ipul tiitiireH nr»! U-iwe.ri Ji(U itiid .'iiHj fc, i iiImhc Aljm iakr. T.'inir.w, ji, 1.1;,.,- «h.'i.' tli.y vvouM rialiiriilU !,.• foiirni ,i,.n 1 1„. II. f.l.r ,.) Illollllls o| »ll. IMS UK' . ..IlllhOtlly I'otlllij ll|l toil iHliiht .!»' Kilt tr. f nUlM- till- «iii.-nil l.v.-l ot'tli. Takii imu ami Afliii Ink.- i in l-'.imtli ot.lulv creek « l,:l()li tV.I „l.ose Aliui ll.k. Mull tfirace, „|,l,,..ir to have l..e|, f.,||.ie.| loiaJly mil to ]»■ xintiiieil to tli.'ir own vallevs or l)a«i(i-. Ill III my ot the wi'ie i|e|jri'^,s,io|i' Wiiioli lea>i up to tlie s|,,|iiii^ nn lari'U of IJiii .li-tii.t the lemiceil ile|.o,ii, ;;ive plai'. to more irieL.'iil.ir banks ami ii.|;;es lontaiiiiii,' mii. h llievmie imlirinl ;is the fri n es. Mu.li irreL'ular iie|iosit> were seen on I'm.., S|.iui., ott.raml MeK,,. CT.iks to a h.'i-ht of I.MiM t.-.-t ahov.. Ai lin !..ke ,i.„i .,ii (',,., sol uion or.'.k, an.l iIim ,Ji,iii( t ahait (ila'J'J and IHUt) w.^ip .-xii-pt ionally wet in soutii.'. n lliilj.ii Columliia, Ijut tlie riiinfall ii. ihe Atlin district ilurini,' tlie-e seas..a- was very light. The ii.'c leav.'s Atlin lake aliout .lune I, after whirli oat.- iiii;lit fros's are rare ill the low lyini; lake district. C'ol.l, prevailing.' wind- come inland from tin- south-west, o\ er the snow covered Coast Uaii^e. These winds are felt ino-t a|oni{ tin- !.'rea'er valleys imm.-diately east of the Coast lm- II „I»' I-.' vrr.iv KMTHirt. I'lliiU Wild fn ll (I (II II i-> II > II II 11 I"" II IK (I it: t» •jii II M II '.•.-I II ■j:\ 7 'I .11 II ■-••.• *^'-n. Th..,.. i. ,» «,..„,..r fall i„ ih,. Un,,«,i„Mr... ,„.„„.,ain.. TlM. ^m.h..,- „ ,„.Ml..nU..|y ...l,|. l,ri„h. „„.| cU.n A r«-.,,.| .,r K.il.r.nl,..,f tH,„,».ramrP, w.w k-pt .lurin« Urn winter .,f |WOM ■'J'J. A Mihiiiinry iif thiM- I, nivrri li«liiw AviTHiri-. M.OIIlllllll MlllJllllllM. I.ii»i IriiK Noniiilr* r l''ll>l lliilf Ihr.Milxr I.U.I li.ill It.,-, |lll> I Fir.t h.ilf .l;,i„,„i« l.i"i h.,lf . 1,11111. ir\ Kir.f hiilf K. I.ni«iv Till. .-..UrHi pi.ri.HU e.iir..,p„n.l with (!..*•. „f tl„. K.Hitfiiav .li-tii., h„U„.,..,) r.,. Whih, ,pru,,. is f..„„.| i„ ,J,,i„,p valh-y. «n.l .,n stri.a.n .leltaM. It is th.. .inly r .,f vaw I,,!,-,. li.mk.ian pine .l.ith.'s th.. lirv vallLVM, l„w sl„p..s ,,,,.1 i.tim. s up to 4000 tVot ali-.v.. th.' Hoa ill >.i,„„ p|„...... |ui,,j,„ ,„, „...,„j,i,,, ,,„. ,„„,,,g^ r... ky ground near tl,.- tin.l,,., |i,„. up I., r.d.M) f,.,.t „|,„vo fh,. .sra'in a f.'w pla.es. C..ttonw.i„.| .h.uih f..,nni..nly at th.^ in.mths „f .ti.'ain.s. Whitt" p.iplar, r„,.nl„H ' „„Uvul,s is fairly i.on.iM.m .... llaCs and low lulls. The mountain si,h,s at and above th.. tin.l...r line are often coverwl with a thiek scruhhy growth of dwarf hir.h B.l„ln .,,in,l„lom None of the ,.in... tir, tatnaiac. h..,nl.>ek or ....iar tre,..s common to southern Itrui^h ('..lumbia w.-n- s.en in thewluil.. of this di.strict Birch was ..hserv..,! ..nly on tl... e.istem fac.. of Taku mountains andut Nakina river, in small i|uantitiex. Th.- nativ fruits, f.nind m.)st ahun.iantly t..wards Trslin lak.. are' l!aspU.rry, hla.k an.l red .-utrant, «oos,.l,Prry ami a dwarf cranlierrv Vnccnd.nn Vili-lnon Cranh.Try, muske^'herry, an.alanchi.H- and Ijlut'luTiy fire less nhundaiit. ->;rftrfcfc_ •viuia , OLACIATIOM. 13 M H«»v««m«iiii i>f |h;»'.( tiui\ \'M)ii Tlipsi- lirtv.. Ih-<-ii <|-(.rtiiiiii«l l.v I'r.if, M».-..uii Nftiiii* r»| theiM .i|i|><^.kr to Im' mm iiitii iHmmlily ri>-» li. siu-n. n. Aniinul \\1i> U totncwlmt »<'«rw. Mimmu* aihI iiuiImj"! ur«» nm <. mi unruiiiiitiiii. I'liPfH n|)p<>iii« t4> Iw two aiin ie>< .if iiiDuiiUiii •.h.'.'|. , om- ',',",',' i"'"" lii'iiiir tin- re.Mj{iii/,.,| UiMkv .M..nfitwir» Miririy -if tin- lir..»ni.h rolniir •ltd l.ix li.irii-, tl tluM I, h^liirr in c..l..ur. TIh-m- ur.t . al|..,| l\„,% h, th.* >iuiit»r« TliK bliuk lnMr U . ..inin.in. 'rii.» ».il\pi tip ..r uri//lv Imar i« nUo fiitiiul Miirtcii it th«< .liji-f lur. I'iirtriilK.- unil |.tnriiiij{nn a..- \iry a)iiiii>l, „..-,)ii(l s[»vif, i-, ali.MK' the iip^MT (iat^ of tl,r tiiouiilHin strisains atiioiiast a low niowtli of willows uikI i.iUniii Cir. i <.L\fIATIoN. 'I!. Tf i\r<' 'laridM of North hav ; Tukil portaj;n, south front of tliu hill '()() fpi-t alx.vc thfl lakf, Half a iiiilf woiith i.f Atliii 'own. on ihc »'a.Ht shore, and ii|on« fhp western fai-o of Lina raiiyc to a iu>iKht of tiOO feet al.ovc ihf lake. On the southern shore of Ter.sa island, ahm;; I he sides of the narrow naps leadinj,' from Atlin lake to ihe f.«it of t>in rjewellyn -laeier. Th« hi),'hpst observed eroled rock surfaee was on the southern r.|id of tho U' Uoy lan^'e al>o\e I'larmiyan flats at a hei;.'|it of ahout ;t,(l()() feet al»)ve Atlin lake or 5,-.'00 feet above sea level, (il.uial j,'roovin« and polishini; was aNo ol,ser\ed on the limestone of Te>lin valley noir CalbiuaUi post; eastwards of the divide iM-iween Atlin and Te.slin lakes, there appears to have been a movement of the ice towards Teslin lake. The eharacteristie granites of Surprise lake have Ijeen disintpgrated and transported north enstward, forininj; the j,'reat slopes und banks (if drift about (JIadys lake and Cousolation creek. A Biiuilar movement •■l.iriltliin. \. ,;f .} ti II ULIM iHstbMt. Tr*h«|«ir> lirxttiii li«tt»lil*r». «|>p<-iir>i III liMUi liilifi' iliirty titp iiiilr^ lo iIm' •li> i(i hiiim ii< iKr mimiilrtiiin »r»l ni lliirrti'aiM ri\pr lilt* Iwi-n tr.ui>|Hirii'il ndio* lh» l,>> Mi>y rt>ii|<< >»n>l • I I'tikiiiiiKnn rtitu til KinlMir laki- 'I'lMTf w;i'< ii'hi»-.i iif iIm' llmri' iiiM- rivnr Tb*' griiniii' liliM It* mill ImiuIiUt* now M-MMcml imit iIi)< \,i< Itny ri%nt(« uri' •(•'(•.trul'il friiin tli>< ><|if>itr>'iit «.i|ii'« ii( oiifilily liy ii (alti-y (<\«'r 1 ,."in(l (ci"! i|i'i-|i iiii.l K>>vi|| lilllr iliKini" III till* ilriiiims(<' •>f«»iii '<> Allin hik" it«»iiiriiillv iii"l with, iiill llii' nrx w> II iMili>il<-« <* lii< li, ■>•> ('ir n-^ iili«fr\i'kl il|Hiii |)ri»lt'« I iiii|Mi-.i'i| III' |Hii|>liiiiiiir iiH-ki limy M'Miiii Miiiio |Niiiit 'ii It r<-uiiiiiiil tfliu'iNlMiti. .MiMitii Mitilii ri«>'> ihii-dtv fimii \t|iii likkx ittui lln' ■.iiriiiiiiiiliii;; lltl-i III It h ii,'lit ii( l.ii.'iO fi'tt iili the lukf lt« tlilllk* llll< rillll|l' ii'll III' II hill hllli Mill' lllnl III' L'l'tlllll'' III" UI'I'tT |,.*Hii fi>('t in li lull iilili'iiili' piiipliyriti'. I'l'lilili'i mill Imiiiilrni uf (hi- m-iilir jintnili' uiiil |if>|ifi, mtv wril riinniliil, tiii> »i'iii i'ii(lit up to ihn jii'iik Tliii pt'.ik i>< mil' iif till' lii'.'hi'tt iti till' iliilriil. Till" triliiit.iry \iilli'vi wdirli jfinl ii|> fruiii tlii* ^t«»i»i iinrih mul iKiulli litki< oyvlmii iiit'i thr tliipinK i<|ititiiil« of thn inountniim lM'ti*i'i-n . Villi! ixul Tf^liti liikri. (Ill- iifii'ii luMvily li'iiitii'il \l>i(\«> li li'vcl iif nliout liOO t'i'i't 111 I'mi" i-i'i'k viilli-y, tlii-^i' liTriiri-M «i»i' |il tea to riiliM«>ii itliiiiHt i-iilirt' ly of Iim'hI rn'k iniilprinl, TIutc it itii nfciitiiiii il ({i;initi- •miiiIiIit, -.iii'li nn is fiiuiit! on tht' sloiH's iiliiivr. Oihi'fwiit it muy Im> miiil tlm ni'it'iiiil in Iih'«I ami kIiicIiiI. It cuntiiiitH urrat of iHiuliliToliiy, fnltt- lutlilrtl |{r»vci«, ImiuIiIith iimi miiKJM, itiiil niiinili-il irri'iriiliii' riil^i'-i nmi liiiMiiinK'ky tiilU forniin); n. ili>ptli of si-verul liumlrcil ti-nt inHniin' piitti's upmi llii> viilliy lii'cl rmk iM'npiith. Theoxiili/wl gruvfls and iHtl-rock of ii pr(< uiitciai rfpre-i'iittttiv« of Spruce cri'i-k iiiiiy >h> cwn iHiu'ittli itWuiclt'n nf lOUto 2M0 feel of drift iinttiTiitl fioiii Piniii-. point to Disi-oviTy cliiitn. It Kt't'niH piolMiliIi- that tlip jiliicinl di'|KtHits of the pri-npnt vallfys and uplandi U-lony to it jxriiMl iii"r«! inodcin than that of the poxitilile ro^ionul uciion wliich im-ludi-d tliP highest peaks. Ivcxal glaciers of xome- what thi' satnechanu-ter an the pri'si-iil Ciiii>t Uan^'O n''*<''<''"'* '""> ^tuvo tilU'd thf)*f broad vnlli'yji, leaving the peaks isoliit(>d aUive the ice field* aH they are lo-dt»y on the great Llewellyn glacier south of Atliii lake. Ti rriuiil vitlli'V". I'riiliitMi' iiii>i|i'riit;li ili'|Mit«itii. ti'itti Tlw.r« i . |»,*..,„,. I,,,!,. ,..« I,,,,..,. u.i»..,„ ,h„ rl,^, M.Hf „f ,(„. |.r-«.|.i uUhr I. .lu. |„r(j,„« U.tf,. ,,.,.„.„i,r. .,*U.ui.|..,.. «f4...| «„.! '•'"" '' *■•''•"" '"»>«'••- '""' All.., .....I Ml.,k.. UU.. h„. »,.|,..Ml •him I,. -^ „,, n.rra..., .,r t.'rii.ui.,t.,„ «|.„ „„,., „.„^ ,,,,^^ ,,.,,^^,.^, ,,_^_^ „,■ ,1.1,1 ,<.y .t .,«.k J, th..,. '.. .|,M, „„.| ,|.,.i u „„.,..|„., f,.„„ ,....r Ih.. (■....li. ...K.,! al" T,.ku nxr ,„ Atl„. Uk-. ..r ,.Ih„„ .;.. „.,i..,, |,..u,.,| ,„„^„„ ,„^ from It... uTfnt .,...*. ft..i.l |...v,„« H..I.. ..rr.d..., ..< .„..«y ,k. (,.... iM'lWPfri ittiMII ""•■'"« *""""•••■ •' "'•»■•■ '•' •I." J..... n-,.. ,.,f,..M. „ IM..I ''"':'"' '""' """"'"'• **"' •' """"I T ., .M,u.y .u.r......r.,.,„^ of dm, wM.r . ..,, f.„ ,...,. 1... .1.1.. .1.,, ,|,.„ .I..S. ..,,.1 „ r..v ...... '"'''";" ""■"" " (•'" "P"-l i« ....|»..mM.- il.„ ,i,,|„.„,, l«. 1* .It... I.I ij.i.v.h . ..wxiM.'. ..r ll.P ll.«.r l„.,M.,Mli. «;,..al ,„„.„., „r ,.„,«l. I,|.«k» .» „„k U.ul.l..... ,„.|.t,i, „.| „„„| \|., •KVUr «, WHi.. ,n...|,.l .,..,„».„., d.l, I I,.,. „1 „„„.,.„, ,1 ,,„,k r...Ut«r«r...lu«lly.|..„...,..|,,., „... f„ .. .,f ,,,.. «|...i..r „.,„...., ,.,mIi, ''"I"'"*'' "' •'" ' '•■•'^'"if M-l.M-Mt.. ...r„„..,.l .....nu,,.-,. I.at..,„| '"'"■'"" ■'-■""• ■" -»'"•"• l"""!^ "f ll..M„..u.M..,„, ,., |,i„|. as titlv ,,..i aU.u. tl... ,,r..«,„ ,..,f«.-.. .,f ,h. i..,.. n... ,„...|i,., „u,rau,.: .-..nt.,.,... .« .I.irk ........u, l,„.., f.r i,„„ ,1... wi,|.. M,.,w,..v..r.-.l «,.,,, lH.t»....„ tlu< |M>aks. Th« i*,.,inK x'n....... ,,.|,..«r t.. I... i„ iI.hkI „, ,1 ,„i „( .j„|y -i.,,,,^. ,__ carry i..ucl. «„„l, which «..„,, ,., l«. fl||j„jj „,,,,,„ „,,,^^ .,,. ,,_,. ,. ^^"^ .„. by wh.d. ih..y h.iv.. ,.„t,„n,-.. i„„. Aih., h.k.- h„.| ,s|.,k,. lak.- TImt.. II UHUully ,l„ ..XI.M.MV tlHt s,>i.|,|,.,| with ,.^1,1,1,., lK.»wn..,. th.. ou,l,.t „i the rivr .1 thB Klmier fnml ai.d iu «.»...ly enti.u..-,. ir.to ,h.. Uk.«. Tho „u,onty ..f ,h,. ,H.|.1.|..H arul Ihm.M.t. aro «mnite. Kr.-..n.U.,.r porphyry uii.J .,uartz. thoir .fhilivo ul,u,„l,„i,e Um„i: i,. t\u- nnh-r t:n,u' lUi. ■.I.I ..f I.. 1.1 iliK ltl|4. m m ^ 'iKSKKHAI. lilSOl (|i;r. Thp principal >;.-<.l..«icul f..rni;iti..ns of the Atlin .iistiict haw provifcionally dttssifitHl as f'.liciws, in nalural .sc. ImH'Ii <;. M.i.il luooc, theo!.i..,,.(i,.«,. *^;il,;'^;:;^,.^,_ aft J'* . |«titM* "Irm. ' ••,.„. ..rn.r.K .1..^ r..k, . U,^| „, |.„|,,„, , ,„„y ,^, .^„, „^^^ ,,^^^ fm..,.| u.„lrr .„,Ml,ir . .m.l.i....,, ... U... .„.«.. «.„|| ,r„ ....rt, ..f |tru,.h • '..liiiiiliiji. • M. ••■k. ,^ T«l.u irm ,....1 I,... I.. All,,, lak- ..,.• ,,U.r,| „ H,.- l',.rtH„.,r..n.u. .y...,„ Tli..|H..ul„.r.-|,..r.j. ,,u.iri/it«*..rr «l«. r..,n,.l •.«» iai...| *ji|, i(„.m. I,.,... -» .n... h. .„|,^r ,.,.ru . f ,1... ,,r..Mr,... „„.| ........tul* ..,.,. ..f ihr ,„„„ U.,-. ..f (!,.■ <'..-l,^ «r.-.-li «0ri... .,f ||„. K.iii .|., ,|„.,.|. '''' ■'''"'" •"''•■'■ ""•> "* •"•"■- '" I— •"«r..,« .1..V..I..,. ,„. „..,., ,„^ .■o,..a.l .,f ih,.,.. ol.l.r r.K-k, m,l, ,|,.. ..,«. ur..,„..., ,i„,| H,,.,, i„,i«t,.,| r,|,r«....,uii,„„ fu..h.-r i„U,„| Tl,- | uliar n„.| l.,..,tl «i„|,| ,..n,.. „f »Ut^r ,u,.l „„i«no.i.i„ r.H■li^ . hl«(Iy ...„fi„,.| t.. .(,.• hnM.> ..^ h.,« .riok. < evuln-Htly oilier tliiii, thi* KrAiiiU". i.f i|„. <|i»trict. Th.. M.-M.Z.,,.. r.K-k. *..r,. m.wl,#t„ «.,.„ ,„ ,li,«., .,,„(„.., with the Pal,.../,,,,. f..,hirtli.„„ TlLMr-riiir. ., ..hi-ily iK.,«.,u. .in.l th.v .,fi..„ |..»». i,„,.,.r...,,til,|y fr.„„ M «..lim. .U,i, V „„.| „nuift...j form ihto il„. .....untain ,„ t,„.« „f ,«.r|,l,yn».. an.J .in.Uit,. Tl... few f,v.HiU f.mnd in ..,....• ..r ihr 1m.,|.1.'it.v ami -.on..- Kr««f .i.HM«., „t ,(rfc h«v.. Ih.-,, f.-rm.-.l m...., I'«I..../...c ti,,,..,. F.,v«i| ..^ i.lo,,,.. i« v,.ry M ar rf, «> tl...t ,„or.. can U Naiil of tho chamc- iHri.ti.Mof th..^« r.irl<« tt.n,, „f th.-ir .ik^, t.xr..,,tin« rf.lnt>N..|y. Th.. v«ll^y« rm.t«iri pr- Rliidii! Krax.U in mM.>« insUr...... Ai, tirifl in h1h« wii|.>4|jrcaii. t..C.«l,. ir.-.k /o/,r,nn„- Tl,c «,>•„. ar.H- an.i moiiMtHJii rnasse- of rhertj .|Urtr(j!He «iit<«ti«> «»tiU?< t| |»'<»r« l«i li»» t lt» ii«»ftk« M, .-.Hiutn- Ktt^ulifw 4nM l»wi» |.l«.>ii »t ih«> «'*»t,4, lltt.f r»tMMi<-l hilU •imI >l'm. not f.M'in »• ry iiti()..»i4ni tnmt^f Tlurn ,. • wiib t4rtu(i.»i in til* iWlil 4.|nKi .,r ih»..' (riil.ln tl.Miiy l»i.ir.| .|U4ri/in... rr.mi « rtinly KMywii wtiil.' •|>|>r,ir4n>r l.mn i«lmo>l rnrlniti »i".Mt, .Imtr Irrt-KdUr fMll.hp, aii.| Uij,|, „| „ ^r.iv • ry,ti,||,n.« lii.i" «l>m« ,rl».tiii.r..u- ^nrlnty ii|t|M>-rrvk: ..lh.>r«t<« it in mU o( i".'..!!.!!!)!..!! ltti|H>rf|||t.'« ... frti «. It prrwrit |ir.(-|»'. l«l A «iii. r.»K-..|ji.' ><««iiiinrtii.>h ..f ili<. . Iwriy »i»ri. ly H. ...It -i *r»tM III.. tn»„n»..| fi»„,. 1,^. ji^ ,, |,j l^u„y „f M.ii,!| r„ivBr..iiv "'"'•<'• Kitn* till* iiilloMrinu rbiiri»i'liir»*ii>^ •A trt>nUr|f0 fiM^nimg |MH'k>iii of im> Kulitr or "Vitl oumnn Tli.' .|ii.»r»/ i* K<r.-U.iii. nak. aii .,. i.l tu«! roin|M»f|r.| |,y ^•(NiiHliiry ■ilicft uml i« citJiiHl hkllrtlin(«. r.«tk K.ui ly whii'ti i- iii..i.» iv>'" in followx • K^lri- X'lil ItMit'ta lullnltllliij in I' 'uni of kiuiliit lltrouKli A nm r>»«<|H> ini'jy till.' ui'«intMl, ithiKMt i rypio rry* Hrrnt part ui i|ii4rt/ with » KulHinlti which .irf ^.'n many vpih, ui ,|ii«rl/ lttotit.> m .■..nM.l.til.l- nn.oiini \» in roiin.l.'.l umin. ami in IoiiimI «II through the nm«. I'1..,h hr..iMii 1^ hrwwn 4ii .||..rty .|iinM/it.., i* v..ry wi.l,. m th.. Atlin ' t. lu ilixtnct U-iwf.n Atlin an.i T.-nhn Ink.-, ( '..n.ol.ition irr»'k, tli- Iwoin '"'""" of(ilH.|y» lak.' nml rivrr, I'tarnii^.m t!,t«, Huni. « rivir, ltit|>i,| Ki.y .Tf.k iinil Su.k.T rivrr. All .Inun slopr, whi.h nn- f..r th.. inn,i part .|U»irt/itio Th.. wi.h- upl.ui.i. ..r Ami.. m.M.r. ,.(M,ut th.. hcu.l wftt.TH of Terra hrt-nii 'iikI (>l)onri..| rivtrn nr- iilso .|uurt/iti, Th« ;rrariite!. of .Surpri^^ lukf, M.;Mast. r mountain ,in.| l!..uM,.r pltiin. ttro in .t .-ontuct with this foriii.iiioii A fVw intrusions of urtMjic stoiio ,i1m. cut throujjh it tilH.ut th.. hi-id of O'Donnel rner. ' f'- -".t"^ .5 -A M ]K II Ml. IN LIMIili 1. '•'■"'•rally KKtkini,' Uh... ,,..„rt.it..s ,„..v Ik- sai.l t» (!..„• tl..- wlw.le ■■t il..Ml.,.n... I«.tw,...n At!,,. a,„l T,.,|i„ UUs ..xiv,,t,n« wh.-r.. tl... «r..M.r..„. .,f |;u,, «,,.„„.. 1..... i„,,,„,,.,,. XI... small HiVHs ..,• U... ' ■•i«IS.nrsl...,,,.,..,,Ki,.nusiv,.,.,.,l..lla,...ori«iuhav..Hlso,l,sUirlH.,| '"';'''"*;'"• '" ^'"•'' I'l"-- ''^ '""■ I'i'.i un.l J..|.„.s..,. ran«.. a„.l ■It ( illkul.l.i ,,| Mcllii, lliou.lluiliv. MiMlllt.ttti cryxlilliiM Uiiii-i I'll.' I.n,..sl.,n..s torn, ,:m>i.uu«u. in..i.„t,.inM I- tl... s.mtli <.f Tiiu, 1, ik. aiMi vwr.. „l.s..rv...| un,| .i..„.nl».,l ,„ ,|„. Yukon r..,,„rt ..f IMH7 t'y l>r. l».iWM,„us„....urri„.,- al..,,.; tl,.. e,.., si,..,- uf \,,kv l.a\,vv'v ^'"7 i'r.. usually ,|uit.. ..ry„„ll,„.. au.l funn .solul whllo ,n.,u„„u„ raM.,..s.„, l.,.il. M.I..S of Ta^u nn,> ,„.. iw.utv.lw. ,„.i,. -outhwunl •rou, la„sh lak... A short ,!.,,,„,,. ,..„,,, ,.,• .,.„^,,,i ,,^^,. ,,,^ „^^. .•.■tst..n.lM.,vMWMisHs|,,,r,,lvJH;n.Mlrn„,acM^ ,„,k ';'""".'■;' '">■ -"■"'■■"^' • '''"^ '•■""■■'^•' nins nor,h.,.ast.-rly p,ol,al,lv up ".- «..!.■ v..ll..y orru,,in nvv, an.l sou-h ,.H.t..,ly ,vl..n« tl oith.-n. Il.mks,.t |,.ku u,...,„lainsi„ ||„. .i,.i,.,ty of Allin lakr. Tl,.. li,,,..,,.,,,,. I"--.I,,M 1., tot!,,, noith.-ast. Th..,l„.f,l..v,.|o,,u,..„t ottlMsf„nua ti-m striNrs otr to tl..- .M-l H,.n,ss l,i,,|,. At!,,, lak,- t,.WHn|s T...li„ riv.T. AnotlhT ui.m. or l.~s .•onlii.uous |,..|t „f 'n,..si.,n.- forms ."-..nUiM ranj...s „,.rtl. of (.|)o„„..| ri^r „. tl... Jol.„.,.„ ra..-.. Ill.'lli..' ^oulll .•H,slwa..Js t,,, till- " ' Nakiiia iiM..s. Ft ; the sa;ii.' foniiutii liui.tioii ,,f (1„. Sih.r Siiluioii ai.il ••'|'l"-.i>'^ llial lliis l,.,tl..r .l..v..|o|,i....nt is als., ,„ut of P'im>tiU Ml..'.ousst,.,„..rs,..Ml ,,;.t.-l...s an. ..ffu ,,r..,s...,t i,. tl.,. Ii,.,...st.,„.. ..tl....w.se, w.ti. ti... ..x....,.,i.,„ of a ft.w.lyk..s ....ur tl,.. sou.l.,.rn ......tart ^", ' "';■ "" "^'""-^ -' ''''^'<" ■"•'-'- tl'i-' li.".-sto.... is „o, „„,,h ,liv,.,.si- li(.(l ...r l).nk..|i up lociljv. Tl"-' only f"ssil f..u.ai..scoli....t..,i W...V so,,,.' ol.scu.-,. ..oral ,„ul ..rinoi.j ♦ofu.s ()„ Ml, ..vi,i,„,.p of fusuli.,,,. ..oil,...„.,l l.v I,,, |,,^„,„„ , „. '•".•:..s a... p!a.-..,l i„ ,1,„ .•,.,-l.o„if..,.„„s, n,.,l toj-oth.-r with tl u.rt/it.s an.lso.,,.. ,.,•upt.>^..s show a st.-o,,^; ,-..s..,„l,|,.„...,. ,„ ,i„. ( '....h.. C',.e,.k t,'iou(. , souih.Tii I'.ritish Coluiiil.ia. rilK ij)|.l) SKIilKS. cs s. K..-k.,.,.;„M F„..l,.,|,..l „. th..,..,..,. Miol.lS..,-i,.s .,...th.M.h,u •ct.TisticnK.k ...ass. whul.lo,... ,l.,.i.,vsins of tl... p,...s,.nt F>'".lu.liv..^.„l,M„,,,i„.c.r....ks. 11... ch.,.t ro..k,s of this sc,i,.s ur.. ...rtain „.a;-„..si,,.. for..,s a lat.-r an.l partially ,l..vitrili...i -r.-eiiston,. ; r.n,i two vari..t..>s of slat.. The ...agnesian n.cks an- ri-,„ to the i.'ic.-ri-toii.-., tli.' latt.-r li'-k- •* ivpr,.s,.nti.iK tlu' lo.ks |,.,| „t th.' sminr,-.. Tlii- l'iuu|. of r.Hk> i.i '^""""-"" Itself, Urtu'ly, if n.it .'iitii-.'ly ,,f igneous oii«ii,, has uikI.t;;..!.!. much (i-^sufinn, '""I min.'n.li/.ili..n, ,lue to th.. ii,tnisi,,i, „f jat.'r ipi.'ous niavsos, such as the maiiit.' of Suipris,. hik.. aiul th.' K.v,.,iM,,ncs. Th.T.' am strong, well .|,.|i„,.,| tisruir v.'ins cr„ssin« th.- a.tiiiolit.' slates nn.l the Kf.'enst.,,,,'. Tli.'s.' .•,.„tam ,,uart/ an.i th.' sulplii.lcs ,,f inm. l.'ad and .•.)pp, r, and ar.' not. as far as ..hs.'iv.'d, .,f hi^li value in ->!: .s/r,/,,,_-Tlics,' .Mcur principally t.i the north ,.f Pin.' or.>ek about th.' bains ,.f hireli, l;„„lder ami lUibv cr.'eks. They are not apparent to th,' .s„utl. of "'ine cn-ek. Their pJsitioii app.-ars to be close to the conta.t ,,f th,. (;->ld .Seri.'s with the gr.anite and they lie between it and the .v.. the fcrk« of Mini, creek they have » well- d.fiiiwl ea.-*t ami-west strike and dip t<. the south. On Birch and IJ<.ul.lpr crerks thene rocks have supplie,! the c«inie K".l«l of the streams. Thry have somo low j-rn-le mineral ..-ins and outcrops of ,|uart/, t«Keth.T with some p,itcl.r. of thr peculiar granu- lar and friabl.. limestone characteristic of these rocks. A microscopic .-.ection of a specimen from Moulder creek i> descrilM'd ,i.s follows :_ 'The greater part of the rock is made up of a mesh-work of tabular and acicular individuals of pale-i;reen actinolite. b,.tween which are Minall grains of felspar. Included in this matrix ure large and rather clear areas of irregular outline. Between crossed nicols these are seen to t)e made up of a mosaic of felspar grains, twinned according to the alb.te and j^ricline laws. The grains vary in size from those easily distinguishable to almo. crypto-ciystalline. The felspar i.s albite A considerable amount or magnetite in small grains is assoc-iated with the actinolite and also as very small inclusions together with actinolite needles in the felspar areas.' Several sections of this actinolite slate i,'ive somewhat similar results. There is usually a f.iir amount of maj^netite present and in some cases zoisite. DuniO- (/Vr/7„//<^).-This is another very cbaracteristic rock .f the (Jold Series, h ha.s a >u-,ir grained texture and ri sjteenish col,,,,,- The weathering is usually brown and rugged like a ferruginous dolomite, but IS sometimes smooth and white like .serpentine. It is an alteration product of p.'ridotite and is usually more or less serpentini/ed. The following is a .le.scripti.m of the thin secti.m of the rock from Lina ranv'e. ' Tlie constituents are olivine, serpentine, tiemolite and magnetite.' This .specimen i.s much altered, containing a lar-e amount of the last three minerals. The olivine individuals remainin" are clear and much cracked, the cracks being broadened and filled with light yellow or c.lourless fibrous serpentine. The magnetite occur.0 in strings of small grains along the border between the olivine and serpentine or in larger grains throughout the serpentine and tremolite. Treiuolite occurs in considerable amount in radiate and sheaf-like aggregates. Its cleavage is well marked and a transverse parting is common. i>isriiihi;rio\'. Distriliiilii The dunite was observed only within the basin of Pine creek and on Brown Dome, south of (ila.lys lake. It occurs along the northern iiiitta .%^^\ML'mi^mKt^2i^ .jikM^m omium. MAfiNKHITK. M H flank ..f I,inf» inounUinn ii.ime.Jirttply to the south of Atlin town .llv.in l',neCrP..k valley aM,o.i,a.-l with s..rp..,.,i,„. „„,) mu-neMte' FoUowinK .1 Kf.H-nil ,lir,.cl,.„. a |,t,l.. north of .-ast, it skirts the fioutluTu ll.ink of .Mi.nro inouiitHins, th. nc; eustwiird t-. Uul.y cro.'k n.-ar its month oi, th.- prorii.,ii.ory ovPrl.Kikit.K S.,r,,ris,. jakv InitH-.H-r. I{oui(l..r and Itul.y civ,.k.. It is hIsu found to ih. northwani alon- thelMsins of llouhh-r. Mirch luul Iful.y m-oks. At th« h.'a.l .."f lluhy cr.'..k it forioi nijuntain n, isses but is h.-iv rut oil' l,v the Surprise Lak.- yranil.vs. It r-ap,„.uiH iwlve u.ilos to the .-ast- wanion liiown Do,,..., and its hroui, weuiheriny -uv.. th.- name t., that iiioiHitai,,. MA.;vi:siTE. I!,o«„.«,.atl,..,.i„g,,ut.,ops „( thi.s r.Kk .u-.ur alon^« th.- ^horr of Athn lak- „..ar the n.oulh of P,,,.- cn-.-k, aUo on Taku inlH w..>t of laku mouninms. It is m.-t with i„ sn,all-r a.-.-as ahoui th.- head ,.f McK.-c ,iv,.k, alM, on th.- mountains l«.twe,.„ |t„hv, lioiild.r and ISii-h i-r.-,-ks. ri.i.s r<,ck, whi-,. i,. largr masM-s, is u-Jally .■m'.I..d l.y the pir,eii.e of numerous -juart/ v.-i,,, and .sirinj;.rs ol small m/o. It is also n>..re or l.ss ii„pr.-.,'nafd with pyrites, as at Anaconda group of riai.ns „ear Atlin, wh.n- there is .i Imn.l of t .is roek over l.dUOfeet wi.U>. This \mn<\ lies l.etweeu mixed dunite and serpen- tin.- whuh appear to b.- .|uite unaff.rte.l l.y anv shatt-rin- .,r min.-- rahz.iu.n. Owin- to the presenc- of gold values in th.- ma-nesit.- of the An.iconda claims some stu.ly has heen nm.le of its oomposili.u. An analysis made for M,-. Hr-.mley of the Ni,„rod syndicate ;,mv..s th.- following result!! : — Magn.-sia •'!-(, Protoxide of iron ."> lO t-'art'Otiic acid "7 •00 '^'''^•'\ ]'r. >\S Coiiihined water and loss. o -,-j 100 OU -Som.. of the .p.art/ st,-in,s,'ers stain.-d apple green assayed us follows : — <-'"I'P<-''' traces. ^''"'^'^■' l-")per c.-nt. *'"''^' 1 dwt. pertonof 2,2101hs. \l.,u'n. -,' M,.,l,.,,| \!l..l\>l- ..f. II '.f 0') MI.IM lilsiTHKI. m f :: 1 •"^i l|'< lit nil'. • ;rnii>ti.iii. Alien i^c'upic ili'iiTi|itiiiii l)i-tiil)iitic.[i. It..i„ « M.ri.-4 of hol.s ,lrill.-.| ,icT,m. thU wi.l,..x,H,sur.. of ,,„.«t,P,it.. Kold v»lu.« w..n. alwuys f..L.,„l, H.„„e ,.f tl.^ n.oro oxidimi portion^ «.mj{ n.l. „. «„l,|. |{,.„,.,ul, il„. Kurfttr.. ..xi.l.ttioi. th« vulu..s ,ire lower. Tli.T« i. ,i„ eM.I.M.t .■..nc.fiirati,,,. i.. ih.< u|,p..r ..xi,li/,.,| |H.rti.„... A Kr'-n .•..l..,.i,i,.„ ,„u.illy ,,r..s..„t i„ thene f.-irif..rou« n. iKUMil... .. .lu.. t., lh« .•l.i»,,Mf,.r„...s .nio.,. fudiHit... not cirlK.nul.. of ni.kel ,xs ,s . ommonly U-lieved. A p.ir.T ivory lik.- for.,, J n.HKn...s,t.- o.. urs as ,„»rrow l.anjs or vein, ..ultinj. rooks other than thost' of tlif (iuld Sprif^. .V.ry„„/,„^.._Xl.i.s ruck forms a |.nr(i..i, of tl,.. Ud ro.k of Pi,,,, cre.'k fro,,, Steph.,, dyke up to (iold Ku.i It app-ars to 1«. fhe rrsull „t tl,,, drco„>iH,.itio„ of th.- ..riKi.ml oini,,,. r,«k>.. i.uw r..pre- «'iit.(l l,y thr ilifferi'iit i,iaK,i.-Rian v.iri.ai.-s of tl,.. (;„ld Seric->. Its colour varicH from appL.-Kri-..,, to all,lo^t Lhu^k. A i,-w thin s-H.„s (Jiiuh/ of asi.estos w.-re observt-.J in a„ oorurr..,.. .- of this s.-rp..nt,nt, i„ thv lana ra„„,.. Patch.,, of this rock oc. ur at the head of Kuhy .•„.,.k, lirowti |>o,„,. and oi. Shite cnok and the ( hikoi. .nounta.ns. .south «..st of Atlin. In the Chikoida n.ounta.n.s, it .s ..•h>H..ly tt.sso,iated with «.•, ..nston,. of the mhuic ch.uartrr as tliat ot .MiKee and Sprue., cvk.s. No occu,renc.> of cinou, ,. o. other n.ino- rahzaiion or vein structui., was «hs,Mv..(| in ih.. s.ip. i,tine. f>r>-ensio,,e.^TUu is a liKht-K,-....n fr.'sh.l.Mjki,„ rock. It has a n.nssiv.' dcnsf. appearance, soni.'tin,es with visihh> cystal forms and sonictifne.s showing a How structure in hand specimens. The ompact touKh nature of this rock has caused it to form a roun.Jed rathe,' smooth h,.d-rock on M.Kee and Spruce er.-elcs. The principal Ik.uj- deivs ot the p,esent strea.n-he.Js and also of the preglacial ones, are of this greenstone. Mi.Toscopicaily, this ,f)ck gives : ^ ' A base of brownish isotropic glass, ait.-ring to a radiating til,rou.s pr.Kiuct. which, .optically, resemble.«i a zeolite, but which does not geiat.Tnze on treutni. nt with hy.lrocloric acid. ' As.sociated will, this m s„,all amount is calcit,-. Pyrite in fair »,„ount is scattered thioughout the glass i.i i,-,-egular g,-ains, but the .homl.ic dodecahe- dron IS .,u.t.. a common form. ' This ro> k appeals to be a highly altered ghvas, and was originally a lav;-. Mow.' The distribution .jf this g.eenstone is •hi.tlv to the .south of Pine creek in the valieys of McKee ami Spruce -•.eeks. It also forms the pnun.nent .Spruce mountain, betwe.-n I'ine and Spruce creeks and is seen along the Atlin lake .shore, north of Atlin town. It fo.ms a contact with the granite near Fourth-of-July creek an.l appears to be ^1 a*ii.uM N\M)jtTi»XK.M, <')Ni.r...MK|(viKj., KH II yi (Ivitt • ireHiiiitciin) of the sii ifipo^ilf I'ourih i.f July i.ir-rtii.r I-. ti.uiiil .III 1 1 Mill tiMCcll II- ^^l■^r^•I■^ ,||.iri. iM'»'k. n.r.' 11 i> also ill eotit irL w n |, m,iiiit.' Its most w,.^t.•rly eX|M«ur.- is o,i ruku .rril. ;i f. w mil,., south of TutMh. rivrr, h-nr ll... coi.t„.t with i|„. Ci, l„,„if,.ro,w limrMo,,. Tl.i. IS, l.owev,.,-. I,.^s fresh l,„,kin« in a|.|,.'iii,...o- m.hI may I,.. ,.„ „|,1, ,- -Imlmse, i..,,r(..s..|,H„j{ ,h.. CJoM SiTi.., i„ rh.it looilily. „ Wru-ht civ.k tli.v -ir. v.-ry soli iui.l .shiily. iml also hoavily min..r,ili/...,l with ir.m pyrites Y '""y ' ''■^♦•'■^''•' ''"»t •'"■^'' -I'it-'^ li" i» coi.lH. t with th,. .Surpris.. - l..ik.-«iMi,if,.s mar Wright fiv-k ami in .•oiitiu't a iih th.- L;n...nst.,m. of Sprm.. ,,,...k ,imJ mountain. < )ili,.rwis.. tiny do not ,li(l".r in li.-M ui.pcaianc.. from Narii'tiiM of tlie ,|mirtzit.. „ioup - ,.„ on tl,.- upper bnuiches of O honm-l river, on th.- tril.ut.iri.s of Smk.-r rivr ami on Ptarmiv in Hats, ||,.nce they hi- f.miul for a .listam-.. of lifty mil,,, eiiawanis, but without th.' inllu, me of extemsiv,. iom-ous intVu-ions Huch ns occur where th.-y are at present found to l« gohi-U-arin" I'.i'HI. .|,it.' SVMi.sToNK.s, TON' ' OMKHATKS, ETC. ^ |-..r twenty-five mil.s sou hwar.ls of Ta-isli lake th" CarlM.nif.rous Uiche Cre..k limestone is founu on .-aih sid.- of Taku .inn. The low broad valliv of Tutshi river app.-ars to be the southern limit of the l.mcstom- on the w,.stern si.jo. Two miles furlli. r south, on the eastern .shore, this limestone is succe.-d.d by a narrow l)elt of j-„.,-n. stone ami porpliyrile. This belt of rocks extends ii w,!.steily and southeasterly direction, and from the ^reat area of .sundst ("aih. CI-.I. Iiiiii'~liiii.-. a north .separates the limest me .iigillites which f..rm the sli ■ones, conulom.rates and so-called ■lore and islands of southern T.ik P.xceptin;,' the western bay, which enters the L\ u arm. Th Tak St R in san.istom's also extend in places across the ge granites iku arm int.. Atlin lake. They surround th-] mountains fro i.outh "II .•^,ll|.|-!"lM-. lern portion of i ■J 4 h ATI. IV liMI|t|« r. Ih..| -Itl .Jl i;.Kk., iiriiriii 'llr il>'srl||iti,, ii ixirplivi Stuft. Alli.i l,ik,, Iml nr.. n-.l .,.-,.|, i„ ,|.,. „„rtli ,.( thr ...uihrrt. (I.iik» „t •^"'" • ""*'" '"» tl'" *''^t s|„„,.. .,r iH.rtli nf il... ,{t,fti <>r»..,,nH .•ml l'ik.t lixi-r Milliy. <„ il .M.rii shore „( Atlm l«k.v Tl.i-y |.r..l,al.|y ,„.,.ui fuitlu'i »., il„. K..uHi,uHt in iI.p ,lu,..ti.,„ .,r tli'.' Niilkiiin rivr>r. Th.. |.r.nailii,K wni-ly „» I In, «,,„.|hi„ih -. ,i.., i, .,f „ «,,,.„i.|, ^uiy <--'l"ti. I. i« usually ,n l.e,i>y Im.Iv Th. r.- ,„.■ ...■.„si.„ml Un.is „f » .liil(.ran.|iu.„va,j;,lU,T,KH|.,..|f Ilu's.. 1„.,JH j. uith..^il ...ni;l.„n..rat... The !,,«.., Ih.,|h .■.mtain s.„,„. narrow Imn.js ..f sshirh th. In.uI.I.m ar.. us„ally ^umU an;. ■„,.,;.,( principally ot i-iMnit. a.al ,.orpl.yril..s , h,,rnl.l..n.h. ,.„,! inil-'site (lorphyi itc), From ii,icr..s,.,,pie.Nainiiiati..n ..f s.'v.ra! -iM.,i,„o„s „f this series' they a,.p.ar to 1„. „f pyr..,.l,isii,. origin. One ,\i ihes.. ln,n, the M,uth' .•rn part „f Taku arm is t,.nn...| a p.„phyry tulV, un-J its appearance nnil.c th.. m It-rose, .pe is thus .l.a'ril.c.l : — • A till.- yraine.l r.Kk i.iad.- up f.rincipally of iiulixi.luals of „ ,,aher cl.ar glassy striil.-.l tVlspar. w.th « suU.nlina.e amount .,f n.ijky quart/, in H .iark.;,'ray base. This Ikw- is crvpt.. .rx stalline ami in o.mpuat.velv s.nail amount. Th.^ felspar in.jivi.lu.ils a„. d..sely croH.le.l toKeth.-r. Th.n- are n.any ;{o.„| forms with the an-'les sli;,'htly roun.le.!, hut the principal forn, is the nn^-ular or sul^-anKular ..ne. They are twinn.-,! a.cr.lin-r to the alhite iaw, manv haiin.- i„ luldition the p..r„lin.- twinnin-. A few felspar intlividuals :u'v frlh. but th.. Kivat.T tuimher are ni.^re or le.ss turbi.J alon- the cleavage or twinnin- ,,lanes. The .piartx oi-curs in clear angular or sub angular grains with a f.'w up,u,ue inclusions. Strain shadows a.c .•..inmon. A f.-w imlivi.luals of a pal...brown bi..tite ocour bent ..r twisted in betw.-en the feisp „■ grains, the former is altering to a verv pale green owium I ><. intillruliii(/ WftliTx. In |.liic.-< It is ,tniii.-.Mn hyilrat. il intidn ..f imn. A «iiiiill Wfll r..un.l.-<| |,.>l.l>|.> tiikoii ..m (,f s|,.., im, n !•<«.„ ,il,n ,||,-,.,| u.cl fllUllcl t.i |,f llkf •.|«.|llll'll '.•'.» II ll;illr||,|,|,i. Ill" ;{(>ncr.il niiikf of' tl'i- n.iii.i.iiiiicN 1, Miuth i',i-.i«rl\. Tlirv utiially "* ••■••■U|.jr tliH |iiw.|yiiii{ >l,.,r,.H .1 th.' ;;iiil.r I >k. ■^ l.iit .«•■ iir on Hinli iiHiuhtiiiiH I., ii li-iKlit <,( ;t,oun |....t ,il„,x,. Ailiiil.ik.'. iiiiil l...i«,.,.|, Tukuimiianl Aiiiii luki- tln-y f.i iiiniiiii iii,i<«r» t'> ii li.i>.'lit of ov.T L'.MUU t'.rl al,.,w. ||„, lake ] |„.v ,,,, ....wli-n- ol.„TV,..i m illivt coiitii.t with imy rMl liiounliiiii ai MS roiiit 1 alioiit lli.- >..iiil,iui (lortioii ot Aiiiii l.il »• Til.' tr.ni,iii,.ii lioin th. V lw.|.|.(l |..,if,h'-it.- iind rtti.lciit.' mils I., ih, p..r|.liyrit..,, and.sit.-Miui.llin.ullsof (•.•iiinTon •iiid M.Cillui uht.ui.-. is iiidi'ti'iite, I'suully h vit\ liii.. |,'niiiMMl aiili-silf lull' int. i wn, <. I'll.' Ii.-.l, ariMn.lin.'.l -..n.Tiillv at Liw an-!.',. An luiti.liii.. apin ais Ann. lin,. to pas- lioin S,i lion .'n-.-k ii. lo-, i|„' -oiiili.i,, |.nrt of T.r. s a island ; tli.ih,. a,i-.„s (;i;il,tli island to .v pi;..'.- n.-ar \|.h,„ c.-. k. AL.n- (li.- raii-.'f sMiitli ..r Taku inji. n-ai- <;.,M.ii Cat.-, liirn- ar.' s. \,.ral «i.' it f.-Lliiii;-- ot 111.' strata f .iiniii,' liiin,a...| aiili.liiifs «lii, I, l.av.- l|,.-ii iix.'N ill a sotiili fasi(i-i\ .jiii'i iji.ii. A ff«- los-ii forms \v,.|-.' found m -.. i..' ..t th.- darker liiir ^rain. d H "il- !>eds of thiH M.ri...s ..f ,-.., Ls. '1 h- -,■ «.-,,- „l,t .,i....| from tl,- u.-m shore .'|!i;'.;"!;'c\;;', ofTory inlet, tin- so, ill, .'a,i. n, s|„„.. ,„. T, ,,.s,i ,.sla.i,|, an.l th.' .ast.-rn slior..of Allin lak.- .soiilh i.I tuiililli i-l«i„l. Kroin li.ld .-.nd.tioiu iiiid lith..loi,'i.'ai r.s.'i,il.laiic", this scrie-- of r<...'k» was it lirsi i„ licvfd to 1..' Cn.ta.-.'oiis ill ,.,'<•- Th.' .'xamiimtion i,( th.- f.'\' fossil fonn.s (ippcarstopla.'.. ili.-m in lli(..J ii,as-,i,'. N.t .•m.I.'Iki- of thr ocurr-'nc ol coal was oljtiiiiiod. <»i';;aiii.' ifiiiaiiis ot any kiml „i,. lai.' in these pyroclaslic rocks. The follow in;,' is a n..te .i,, th.' spei-im.-ns of f..ss|ix collected on Atlin lake duriii;; the s.-ason ,,| 1 90r. H. .M. Ami for exaiuination : 'The fo,.sils are preserved for llie in., t part in a rather iuii.erfe.'t K\.i„m,.,l manner i:i ii dark, at tii.i.'s str-^-iky, -ray, (ine-rnined lal.ar.-ous rock, ['"i'v'i',';'"'"' which, when exiiiniiied in thin se.ti.ins und.'r lli.- ini.-ros(-.,p.- i.-v.-aN '' ''^1 \i'" the structure of r jiorpliyrito or andesit.' lull" ^ ■* The fosMiU are for the most part tVi^tuintary, an.l wet.' ., doul.t riither ditli.:ult to olitain in the hanl .uidesit.- an.l tufaceous strata, but they repre^ient several small eoll.-cti.jns made in diff.M-ent portions of Atlin lake and pof^vibly diirerent horizons in the Mesozoic. •jn h xii.iv iirxrNii r, All! K^jiiiiitif i.v i>i r w Ml.ll,!.,!,, It M v,.,y .hrtuul. to ,t»i., ,.rnti.,.|> wimt .» Ml.. ^^ .,f tl... nr.iU fnm, whirl, th.. .UK,,,,.- r.-,iin„„ wr,.. .,l,t„iiir.|, Ih.iI, ..ii «ic..u..f of th« con .iil...i. ... whi.t, .1... f,...,|, «,„ i(,.t,,«.|v... ,.r..M.rv..,l ,in.| on uco..u..l ..^ t»»- f,un t.. f,!,,,-,. tlwin.' S„„„. of i|„. .M.Hit typi.-al ..f tlm... iVwhiU w. ,„ M-r.t to H, Tiiiiothv W. .Stani.,,,, „r \VH»l,i.,«t..„. II,. f.,u,MJ ii.l.Hi,.,., t.. .l..t,.rn.i„.. iho "'" ""'"* '■*'•" «-"«'ri.ally ,in..,. th..y ,|...w.-.| r ., M.tiii.... H- .„y. : ■Tiio.. m,.y |,.„sil,ly Im. Triu.^i.', I,„t I tliii.l* it ,„„r.- pr..l,,.l,l., tint til. y ,.,-.. . arly .) urw,.!... Tl.oy .no c.rt.ilnly ti..l ,.. iat,. ,.h 1 1„ C,.-,.u-,.„u>. I li.T.. «■,.,„ t„ t». th,.... .,r f.uir M....I., a„.| ,.«rha|., i,..,.,ly „.s ,i,M.v Xflii.'fii ot u,iiiii<>,iiti's. •Tl...,,. ,ir..aU.,,i Mii.M.tl. .sp..,.i... „f /'-,/,„, H„.| ,„.„„r,h,,.,.„t(„r Hi."i.|.. turhH .,f Pe!.vy,K.,|a, l.ut th..«. .„.■ „f typ,.^ h,.vi„« a wt.ie ninK- a,„l ,. co.r.hni,,,,; |!,..i,i,., ,|„. ,1,,,.„ ..^ f..^^ -fMnrs of »!,„uoi,il..s r..f..,r,a t., I.y |),-. Sf„.,t„„. i„ ,l,e .-..II... ti„„, th.. f<.llii...o,|, sp,.,.ir»of /'.W. „, p,„lml,ly l.,.|„„Kini; t.. 'h.' subgenus l'»«HdamuMinn, ,in.l Bf.piir.-ntly an uii.l| f.|H'll like Tniii,ui,tli,f. •*. A hiviilvf like Tuiic,.>liii. ». A tmgnient appan-ntiy ot a (.p..ci...s of luor^mmxn, with wn- .-.pieuouM rath.., i..^uiar raised ciicenlric f.,l,l,s ,„■ liiH,„ of giowtli. •^». A nurnlKT of bratu.lii,.^ fu.oi.l like an.l ..arl»,tm.-..ous markings on slabs, appt'iir to indicate the pri'sfiic... of ulgi.. CiHAMTEW. I...r»... ,-,,„„.. 1 ho,e an. seve.ul s.vy large areas of ^-nir.ite i„ the .li.strict between At.in and T,.sl,„ Jakes. This j-.-anite aptx-ar to l«.!onsf t.. the .amn period as that of the Coast Range «ranit,.. It is usually hornblen.li.. with variations in the .|uantity of hiotite. Its ^-reatest development ■"f -iP 3«llUlt ! »Nt«IITKII. •J7 .i fltaiiil. iilif,.«t iuil,r..k.'nly fn.iii Atlin Uk.> to thr (!.»»* *r.t of Tr^lii, Ink.', » .lUUnc-P .,f lifly H„l.., I, i„.i... tJ,.. .I...rp, ..r ih.' M..ft»,..r.i |H.r«ioi, .,1' Atlit. Ul«.. . il.H,,,,. i„ ^„ ...k,irrh.lir.xti..iiUcrtiMitmwUi.. hiKh ruu,{,..J niOK.., hIh.uI Surj.ri... Ukv nn.l JB....,»/i# or-.!.. Ihn «r.'.»r Hnowiloii nutff to ih)* iii'.t i.f it. Alx.ut Hin|.ri-. Uk>- rl,« aiatiit,. i* rtlii,.M.t witli.iut hi.ili.«ti>... It >* .... .((..(e cni,M,i, of ,,u„ri/, ,.,,,1 r,.;,,,4r. wl.i.-h for... .u, ...wily .|iM..i..^.r..l..i '""""' r.K?k. Th.« r/.7,r„ „f ihi, Knu.it.. I.u, « „„. i.,« ...l-i tl.« f..rnm ti..li of H„. h.avily .Irif, ,„v,.r,.,| ,1„,h., ,o ,1,„ ,oulh .t)i.| w.-^t of «;l,i,Jy« l.»k#». Th.' J..II0W pr.' Kli».i,il «,,.v..| of l'i,.n , r,.,.k ,»l«.i i-ont,*.,,, ,„uol. ..r It 14 .1 oo,ir,.. wuxl. Th- arat.it.. of /.„a/i,. ^^^r.-k .umI S„ow.l„n ii...untu..i, i, „,...,. h.Mi.l.l.n.li.. i„ rhar.Mt.r It will !«• ,.oii...,| that til.' :..riK.'r uMHof this i-niMit.. ium is ,„.n,|y r,ui ,„„| «.,( Th,. fidJHOPnf r.K'k.. HIV th.' i.-jii,.iml .,ii,iri/it.-,, with ih- . x.-..|,tM.h ..| fh« «.-tin..li.,. shit,, of the (i.. 1,1 S.ri.-s .,. r,„.. .n-, k l.asii, Tl... j t!„nk. th.-s,. r.i..-..s .... th.- n..rlh..a-t an.l «..Ht. The m...st .-li^U'rly of th.'M. nia>s,.s .,.vupi..s ih- hi«h ll-.ul.i.-r plains lHitw«.t.n the Nnkinri riv.-r, Hurri.'.mL. riv.i ,in,| |t,,ih UUr. It is n Kifut hftrr.n Alpin.' uphtn.l. sti,.*.. with U..il.t,.rs ai,<| .ImuiinK K.mtly ...uthwanl to t\m N.ikitm livr. It is l.uilt ..f h.,rnl.l.n.|.. Kru.il.., often porphyritic. It rest-inhleH th.- xn.i.it.. of the W liit,. puss in ih« C.Mist UuHKP. Th.- western .ir«a forms M.-Master mountain. It lu-s hetw,,.,, th- M.Ma-... upp..r .Silv-r Sahiion mid ( »'l J.-nnel rivers. The t.-xtiii.- .,f this aninite """"""" is more even ^;rain«^, an.l ma.le up of siimll irvstal.s of hornl.i.-iule l.iotit... much felspar aiul a little .,uart/. It 'w-ather^ into a verv .i«Hivc, smiKHhIr i<.un(h..| r/my.- .inlike the Surpris.. I^k- urnn f r l>yke.s, ■••i-in.s and all f.ir.-i^'n intru tiotic-ahly iilxsent in this i,'"initp. It pl.icer niul in I.mIc niiiierj ■sions, variiitioiH or (ilt.-s. 1 Kr<'j;atioiis iiio appears to U. harren, Ixttli in ..X.' ^Itiii llniillll 111 l.ill|f'«, Tuk.i iii'"iii'.iiti. ■I |>li'>rpli\ii 'in I. Art.i% iti>r»*i)i Thi. Kr..u>. .t).|«Ar. u, \m v\.m.\y .•.mn.« iwl with il... ..ri«tii <>f lU .l Muko ui.mi,l«ii„ I-:**. Il ..f ihmw ar..u|i« i.r uMiUMtntni. i» i«ilitin«l iM.ii, Oi..„fh..r, .x.-imiiK M.r„l|«„. rtM.I Ml.,1,... »(„.|, ,.r,. .I1M.I...I l.y „ .|„^j, ,^l|„^ -f,,^ ^,.^,j, II.-. t'. I i..«ily i,..i(i, „„i M,mi,.t,f...f,.,„, ,«i,rtll.-li..ii,„r.N„i it.ihij.... K\tr|>ti,„( II,.-.. .H.un.'ii.*. Ih...f. i. no futlhur |>iiiPni ..( t|i.> "*•*' •■'••' ""'•^ '" 'I"' Atlii. .h.iiui II i» |.r..l>..l>l.. ili.it I hry '■' I""''""'" '•» '•'" I' "'llll'' ..«■ I-II. r 1«|,.....„ rtfllMI) Jil.t f« t ,>( Ihi. <■•»»'! Ilu,«... I{.«k...t ,. «m...wl..tl ^liiH|.»r.h«r..l.T lmwl».,.,. I.i..ikIiI iinm ll„. .\..r.|.i, k|..|.l ai„| \,.!,„i, ,„,.r ,|, ..Ml.i, ,li,ln. t " rii|iiiv.„, ,„ „ ml.-, f..iiii iiJuh |>..iiit.><| ..r MiLHithlv .U1V..I in"U.,trti„ r,u.«..., i..,uli(r.ji fr ih.- iimlftul w. ,,i|,..|,'Mtf ii.k. .l.mll lniai„.„u Mu.v wry ,f....|, ,„„| .m„.„.i, j,.«l ,„.,„p, „i Th.. ■.ii,.«,tl, «i„^.y „„,unuih i..|.« „v^, .■>,t)oi. 1.^-t rtlH.v,. iIh's. , |..»,| ""■ ''■'^"""t.- t 1,1,,- ur.-.ih.i, „r' il... II.Kky MouiiUiii ,h.,.|, All II..-H. .rupfiv,. a,,-,.,, with III. .x.-.|.liu„ „t V„in.nm iiinmu.ii.,, I... "ul«i.|.-, or iU ilm ...li;.. .,1 11... ,„h<|.i. prt..». ('.ui,.'!.,., „ rii.iui u Hhn.Hi .•umpl.i.lv »un.. i„.i..,| i.s tl,, .,u..l-i.,n.-. Tl,.- dwu./. 1...111 tul'u.v.Mi, lr,imi,..|,tH| „K:k. In tl... |..,r,,l,y,jlr. u.i.i af, I.-mi., „{, I.I. lli"iilit.i:ii i. ^'laijilal and iiiiji liniD*. T,»ku iiK.untiiiii t.iiM.H II iiii.<.iiklM.ul •J.OiMi IV,. t r1,„w iI„ |,.v,| ,,i i Ki' irtkf^ Th- .-..-.liTn |H.iti..n i-^ ^..,y Mat t..pj....l. ^.uma n l...-a!ti.' a[v|«araiic... Th.- mIiu. tur.. „t il. ...ck i^ a!-.. |,ri,.„.,Mlal ir. |.Im.-. , an.! tni al.,.ut ll „il,.i.,f Allin riMT are iHKl.-Miu-H. Fi.u' t{r.,in,.,| amifsit,. tullV .h,ui 11, il,.- oir.|UHs un.l iMi.k. of CftiM.i.-n an.l M,.ullum uniH.r,. |„ |,„„d ^.lH.,•in...n- this inn I, r.-s. „,l,l..s .|„. |,a„.|...| U^tttt ..f .M..kn unlaii, nn tla- v.uth<-.n |..,rti,.h ,.f C.pper i^^•.l.n». ' »n (IU.m, .nl-t, wKi..h \rmU ihn.Ui,!, * (J„r,| lll,«. h^nn^l fr-mi Atlin N ...r.i •.wthw^nlM .)..».. ,<.„ ..,,1 ,|,..f« M* U,„ ,1m-,. .nl»t. itM r.»k« ,«• «p>n lU. Mfik- «.mh rwtrrl>. .I.,)|.inu fmu, V> u. vrMi..il u. tli^ n..rili 0«,r, Th« •M'lion ii nm|{hly m follow, |it«»ttti,|n,iir., MIoko inlet. •'■.Ill|.».llirin '1 .lltlfl(«* •A iim^iv c.MM|.«.-t (..UKh r.H..k. .lull u',...»• f..N,Mr ,in.l .1 f.-w r.,un.l..,l lu Jr. , i„ a U-.. whl.h I. ,.«r»ly ,.r.v^t«lli„,. an.l ,..,tly «U,.y. Tl.« tVU,.... .h OUM ,„ iK.tli Uru.. ami Mn.ll in.livi.l.ml-. inuny ..f whirl, Ih.v.. k-h-I vrN,ralli,... form. TU„y „r,.n..,trly all tuil.i.J fr-m, Hlfniti.,., I'r.«|„rt., y.|l..wi.|. .•pi.|..t.. ,.„.l Kr...r,nh /..iMi... ih,. |„tu.r i„ .• „.M.|.n,l,l,. „,„..„'„!. Tt... .luaitfl i. .„|„url..s,. i„ r..UM.I.Nl -mil., ar„i ratli.r .|....,„„,h.h,.,|. M,i„. ni'tito ill f..nvi.l..ral,l,. ,iti...uht ..,,.1 m-.i..' l.i-.tif i. ,„ rit Tlu. 1,^. iMnotin Ur«.M.„..,ui.i. I.ut th- tr.ui»ilM,„ rr-.,,, ..i.jirm.y Kk,s to . rvpt... cry.^Ullin»> l.a>-i' is w<>|| svpti.' ' Mi.VMTK I'Olil'IIVIIV. "rhi« nK.k co„M,t.. of l4r..ein.iivi.lual,,.f,.,l„..|y tw,„n...| f..N..,.,. .;,.„„.. Ill a micr.»Knu„ti.- grounlmasM ,-oin,«,s,.,| .,f ,,uar./ wiil, .n.-.-netit- i-^'''^'>- lu.rn .lend.., hioiite. chl,.r„ • ,uul f..|.p,vr, Tl,i. uro„n,|,„ass I unu- c.pally ,,u,u.t. an.l f,.|s,ur. Th,.re .,.,.ins fo havv !«..„ „ ,„.,v,.,'.ent 8ub.se.,„eut to the formal ...n of tl... inrlivi.l,,..! ...-vtals of f..|spar .s -1»» t> %1US ItlvtHti T 11. iiiH'tlH Uk jf ♦tl »\,um rti|irn, li^ht •<* et^kml rin. ru. k httnm t\a> t.tii.|it. toll* |irUtm| frl»nr> nrxl |).ir|.|i/rilr«. Ihit'k T>M' «.« h'Ttfttf .Ji.«ii »n .Vlitn HKHiiititlii ». rMullmi in « iin I *r >hi rrivK*. M>" III • rii|i«i»i \t-., :l Kiiln rri'i'l • tii|iln.\ ". Tli.« iii.wt ri'.Piiily f..rm.tl rmpiiM r.N k« »^ IliU tiUlriii .niiir on Jhf Wi-af ,|,|r „f Itiiliy .rr.ik Mini ill I li. Ii..rt I iif Villi unit ir.rk, -t«l«H«n nn|p4 mirth ciKt ■>( Atiin rimw il«i|i.i~if., ii.h.i.Ikij, ni «i«iHi UmiU, Imw. lutrtly lilint in pr,> isiittntf vwll-y. No f viiiaom «r uUi m| m lu.n or |iri-«inii' of furfiKn Imulil.r- hmh ... h on th. «.. .in .». Tlni •rii|iii.m!i h«v.' iiiki npur lli.. ■•.mi •••« of iIh- ,i. linolit^ *|,it. « wild Mix MurpriMi Uk» urnnilw. Mn iKi- wiit niilti of Uuliy . ri*k « nioiintiiin ■*\<>]>e ,,t l»^lwn nml liliuk .■.mrin t-rttiinniit in « cniinr llkf miiMinit '.'.DtMl f,.pi aUn,. i(„. »^||„y „,„| i;, (,;(, f,,^t dlmv.. th.- >,.«. Tlif I r.i»«r likn rlfpn-niion lU ihi' »iiminit of till* ■tiniinl pllf of »rori« nml hiMnIt i« ftlmtil 3 yiirili in iliaiiintiM T'l ■ ■ , ,il d^pt «(.,ii i- t«'n f.'i I ImIow ih.. lowMt ({lip., in I hi. rujinnl rini wiuih vurrounii* ii i»nil 170 fit't Wow th«' river at il« lilahe«t |>oint. Thf Vfilli-y of Uuhy i rwik 2,00o fwl Ihi| only >ii|ni ntp(| ImhI* of jatir origin than thi» ^iiiiUtonw tt^riea wiw un occurr.'nciMit liori/ontally Ix-ihled HainUtom-- and ronKloiupratpn, nmr ihii cnlrnmi'tii Sloko mlet, at th»- Moutliim I'lul of Allin l«ki>. Thesu are soft friablp iMitid^loiieH of n brown colour, containing p«bb|p8 ' -t^ .IC1^.VA^ W9»i^m »»• » *» t hi ftti |« .11 M.,m.,.rf „„.,•„..» ,u„^ ,„., ... ,_, ,,,, „, „^^ ^,^^^^^ IN.**»H* »«.««« ..,,,^,..-.1 ..„,Kl..t,..r^i« ..r •»...iU M,| .,r.«,n»44 •rw !•> IV,||„ \„km ' f>l4l.lil M|.^. ,....,. v.. 1.1. f,.H„ Wh... ►W.r , „„,.,... I.. ..,., .,M.. •n.J ,..,.U .1, ,.I„„, ,..,„. ,„.„.„..„.,., ,.., ( |',d..„„..|...„Mrr,.|. • h.,m...i ... .uM.,.-i with ,,«.| r,„. ..r Um- r..„i arih..... No in. m..,. I%t..r«„, m..u,.i..,„. :t , „„|., ..,.„ ..f u„„|> ^r... n.r.^ .|«..l,„.-n,. ..U„|m... ,,„,».r r.,Ml , l,..,„t,t.,,„|.. ,„.r,,hv,v N.. !•, fr.,„. WLU- .„.»,ni,„„, „x ....1. , ..„,. ..1 W.n.jy „r,„ ,v l.uhl .•nt.mr.Ml Jr..). lo..k.nK «Mr„„.,„„ •„!, .,„,,i/ .....1 ...l.ii. Mr.««.r. v.. II. fr..,,. tl... «»,,.« ,.U..r. „ . |.,..«„ J,,, ,.„.„, ,.„,, „ ^..^^ „,,,.,^ •J.-».,—.J .i>k.. r.Kk ii..,....r ........ .,.. ,., ,.,.„., „.;,,.„..„ *"truM..,.. ,„ II... ,.,„„. .,«„ .,r ..... „.. .„„„„, ^,„.,,, „ ,„„„.., .., „^^, Ty-.UIl.iiP |Hti..<)/»,.vi .,< c^^,, „„„ .,.,,j, .- .. .iu... ,...,..1 ,.„.u .,.' HI... ,..Mun. • ,,,... . va...,v ^„ ..n HU.ko ,«l,.t,.r Atl.r, Ink... a„ «.i.| .uff-.f .1... ,-.r,.l.vn... «,hI ,„.,|....... -....., .. Ur««|y .l.....|..,H.| .»i..„g K,.. M„t 1h.Ii .«,t .,ri|.r l'.«»„ H«n«„ Kra„.l. ..,l..r,,wi,..,.„, ..f „,. ,„„, ,„., ,^,,,,11,,... Ii„...,t..„« -Hh... Uk^u fr.„„ ...., .|i„r.... |«.tw,,„ T^k.. ,.r,., «mj \Vi„.lv an,. ,h„w •'""*""■• n..rll. w..„.rM ,.xt..„.i..„ .,f rock, -i.nilar ... «.„„« ,„ „... A,li,. ,|.,tr...t ll.« li.,pt.m., a,.,,..rtr. ....wv.,., .., .„ ,.. UmU.,, into l.y i«„..,.u, r.K.-k. ,.f „... „..«.,, ^,i^ ,., p..,,,,,„i„., «r..-,.,>.„.,.H ,„hI I..„Uu ri,., .,^..,„„.„, ,,,,,„ ,u,ng tl,i. Uundary li«. l.„tw...„ A.l.„ ...,1 l.'.l..-. ,.k.. H|,..H ,|.»t ,1... ^r,„it„ .,, t,„. „.,^„...,„ |,.^^, ,^^ ^^,.^^ i^^i^^ K.v,.H p|,u.. .,„ ito „i, . 4,iwanl. ,„ ,|„, r,.^,.„„,| ,.,,.., j^. .,„^,„i,„., .,.,,,.^, .|«rtml««fo.,„l|,..,W,f the ^...at ,lo,,i„« iUh ..f thi, .iH.ri. , un.il t.,« w«,. ,l:„.k« .,, „^^,.,„ j,,,,,,,^ ^^,. ,,.^,^.,^,^, ,^^ ^1^^ ^^^ »n.i .ou,l...n. ,l.„k, .,,■ I)a«..„ ,„.„k. ....t,. .r- cry,Ul|,„,. li,.....,.,„., n... ».«.,„„ ,„.«k, th.,.,.elv.... „,v .......l,.,.ppri„e.,.„lly..f ,,u,., pr„..Hl.ly p.,rpl.yn.,... «.,„„. ..f «,„,„ a.v .|,uk .1... Knunn.J r . '-■'^• re.o,„..I.MK l..^«I.. Tl..«, i^olaU-l .uuu..U.n« ar. app,r..ntlv n.„ ...e .12 II AIMS l>l?«ll(l. I'rt' tfliui.i ifr:i\fl-. Lrniv.l-. <:n|,| (-,,,,1, frdiii I'r. HI? I'HK <.l,\CI \l. i.liAVKI.S. Tlii'.s.. iiri' yi'llow, iiiiiili (li-coiii|)4isci| ;,'nivels, iiMiiiilly foiinil IkiichIIi griivt'l iiiul fliiy of ii iniH'li (larkor apiM-iiriiiiic, and pniliiilily of ulucial origin. Sucli i;i;iMl-i in the (li«tricl iirt- easily rfniijtii/fd. Tl.«v "re often of ;i deep yellow lustrous ftppfiirillKc. On Ihmii^' lirokfll iho fr.icliiii'-i will 111' founil lo ho hIho vi'lluwiMli witli oxiilc of iron. 'I'liiH will oit.-n di'iidf brlwwn tho gi-nuinc nncicnt },'r-vcls iind tin' ^jravels wliiili .ir(! simply oont>-ci with iron oxide fi-om atpriii;,' or wattr or>urse. Huch snivels ('xi.it ill the hrojid will.ys of I'iiic iinil Spruce creeks. They piLSH, lit times, heiieulh L'UO feet of drift or superf.iiil initeiial of iiiorti recent orij^in. This drift was .spreiid over the old \iil'.yiind strPiuns completely liuiyinj,' them at one time, hut Miiee that lime the draiiiai,'e has ii^'ain cut down to its r'oniier level tlir;eij;li thi-> o\erlyiii); drift and at some points the now or post jjlucial stream ha- followed very elo.sely in the course of the older pre j;lari d one, and ha also rowaslied its gravels and cut down to the old l>e. Fimn I'loiises tiinnr! lo Discovery clai'n, adisiiuue of nenlv two miles, the course of this old chani'i'l appears lo ha\c heen aliiiosu strai^'htina coiir.se of '.17 (mi e:iie!ic. ) 'I'lie pre-^eiit .-lieaiii is more crooked. It has r^■ tlarinl • tliMllla, Productiiin «nvk<» cn-ck, ttls.i iiioruiiii< ridijcx. Imt not ov»Tlyiin» the luiL-ient stroiuii (it|H.«ii-«, n„ fur ii.t ol)«ervi(l l.y the writer. Tli»>r«' in Honie o\iHeno« to show that ic HctiDn umy h»\o eleannl or kept cleiir thin unp. r jKtrtion of i'iim ere. k. Tin trucinaof tlipsc iinoii-iit streiiiii gravel', <>t I'itie iiiul Sprui-i- trpiks (Ifp.-iKlM iilmnst i-iitircly u|Hm work dorm in slmftx, pxoftviitifms luid tuiini'l-«, wliitli have ex|Kwtil tin- con- fjiicuously coluurtid gnivfls. .11 Tlu' pri'sciit surfiio. >|f The placer gold production of the years lf?9»i-'.»!» and litOO since the discovery of this district, has been practically confined to the basin of Pine creek and .McKee creek, seven miles southward. The basins of tliese producini,' creeks lie within an area of rocks which have been given the name 'Cold Series', on account of their association with the gold-liearing gravels. The superficial material which now covers the broad valleys of Pine and Spruce creeks, whether the result of pie-glacial, glacial or ))ost-glacial action, is almost entirely of local origin. The narrowe;- X'-shaped tributaries of Pine creek contain practically notl^ng but the ordinary mountain slope, dt'bris or wash, and a stream-bed of coarse boulders of local origin. •wnxiM. POST (il.AiIAl. CIIANNKM. .^.'5 II It f.illdws from tln"t« tofiditioiiH that tlic k"''' <'"'i'''iitr»l«', an- fouii» of th.- rouk carri.-s small valui'M in ),'old. Thf biutit.. slates of Wright n .k aro in j.lacfs much imj.rp«nal«'d with iron pyrites and ^llow ..tlior «.\ i(ipn.r.s of iiiin..ruli/ation, while liiicroso.pi,. srctions ,,f nil i|„.s.. ro.ks of the (iol,i Serifs sliuw the prfsenee of muunetit.. and pyrit<-. It .scorns tlierefon- proh.dile that I'n.i.il.lv the gold l,„,s heen .lerived ori-inally fn.m th.> wearing away of j{r.'at tan'ti!, a«'l'y masses of the .-..uiitry roek to:,'etiier witli its contained veins mineralized /ones. Th.> existence of a rich and exten.sive 'mother lodo', woikalile as a i|uart/ or lode mine is unlikely. Wiihin the \ ill.'ys of Spruce and Tine creeks very little has I, eon ^ the present courses of Pine and Spruce creeks, there are l'"»t ^lanal other more or less regular and well letined channels within these''""""''" l.road valleys. Some of these are shallow. Hat hottomed depressions, which apjiear to have been former courses of Pine creek. Such are Ciold Uun and Willow creek. Thron gulch appears to have been an earlier course, not unlikely followed by a stream during the period at which the -reat terrace dejiosits were laid down. There is no eviden--o of a large volume of water having passed ov.'r this course for a long period of time. Several short feeders or low ravines lead into Pine creek from the south al)o\e Discovery claim. These are simply excavations in the drift made by small streams during freshets, hut they appear to have )• It ATr.lX niSTKICT. roncentr.U.-.| norn.- «„|,| ami t.. Ikhh ..nri.!„.,| the I'irif ("r.flc Kruvds neiir til.. {H.ii,t<« ..f tl„.ir |.in. lion with that Mrram. (J.,1.1 Uun tr.-.k '" ■* '"* "•••«"'"' '■" ' • »' '"If » mil.. l-.„Kt,n th.. m.ulh m.Ib „f I'in« ■-;iv,C MUCK ORCY ORAVtl.. 51 LT o' •■■-•■'. > PAY6RAV£L-TCa»Rlt.- SHPtNTlNE BED ROCR. .SECTION OF STREAM GRAVEL ON WILLOW CREEK Scale 3ft- I INCH.. creek, one mile and a quarter above " ine city. This watercourse is separated from Pine creek hy a low ri(l<;e of gabbro-diorite. Its surface is about fifteen feet above Pino creek. A shaft sunk to a depth of 3a^E? ••lUM. I TIIUON iil'l.f'll thirty tU.. f..,.t j.-m^fM throu-h a n.v,.rin« of <|i»rk n.uok, tl uilo grfty nntl (inullv y«"ll.iwisli nrny unml,. wliidi iin« liir;{.lv .•.,rii|»M)- muil to be j{.„kJ. Ah liir as kiio.vn tlnT.- is no puy ;;riivc| «luH III tliK lal.-r ^iiriiiii whi.li .■iit fill in Itif iimii-nt stri-iiin lifiitulli (.o;ii Kun iiui-it liivulM'en \pry tlight, c^iliiinly ll'^1 limn 1 per ci-ni. WILI.OU riiKKK. llii-4 JH u W..II ilrlin.Mi .haiin-l .,u llir norlli miIi- of i'in.. ,T,,.k jimI \V,l|,,wcr.-.-k. abovi- I'in.-.ily. Its l.-n;,.tli i^ iilH,iit half /i mil.- anil it is s.-|.aiat.'il from I'int' tn-i-k liy a low ht-ntli or ricii,'« of -,.ip..ntiiic, to;,'i't!ii-i witli some I lyki! rocks of a ilioritK' cliaraili-r. This liul.- liil),'.' h.is a thin covfrin^' of yellow ^'^llVl•I, hut no y.-llow (,'raVfl was v,..'n in Willow crei'k itsflf. If such at any time .'xistiMl it has h.-en re sorlnl ami s ■. t;,,n. br.ikfn clown into tiie multtial jjiven in thi- following- section, in ascending; onJcr. Tnree and a half feot of coarse hJack ami red slaiiu'W -^'ravel nn ser- pentine lied rock. Two and i half feel of fine silt nrs.iiid, soiuelimes stained hiownish red. Five and a half feet of mixed gray j^ravel. One and u half feot of black surf.n' muck. The gravel below ths silt on U'd rock ciril'stlie chief values. In thi.s former streana-bed there is .some evidence of (,dacial action, sucii as the pressure of some deposits of uiias.sort. d clay and boulders, and .some iJi'J'iaUcVion. striated boulders. THRON r.iLcn. This is not n gulch in the usual sense of the term, but a shallow ti„„„ ciulch. fairly well-deKiied dejiression, soinetiiues constricted bv rocky outcrotis of serpentine between I'ine city and .Spruce junction. Ueiween Spruce junction and the western end of Munro mountain it is a shallow wide depre.ssion, only a few feet lower than the surrounding terrace "^ I'il I).-. I r„ ri«i'hHl k ii"( 5H u ui.i^i bimHifX Kr>vrl« fl»U Tl(.r.iiir« «•, r.M kjr mt.r-'px to Iw am-n li..t».iH .Mj.rm-,. jmu tion .111.1 t(i<, gi,|, (,1 .Mu„r.. iii.iuritaiii. ,\ir«r imiiiiriK tlii< «m., wlii.h U «lH.ut 4» jxirtiim, A i>lii»fl »u k in th« «»|» n.»rtr .Munn. n...uiit,»iii f..r iiU.m 50 fw-t i.him. a iltrk Krav< : r«t[...r Lvm iti m/... JiniMl^ „r „,uili tl.r .«ition ll.Ht !'in.. ,r...k one-; tollovv...j tl,i« .our,.- in il, w,iy to Atho iHkH Tl... full from I'i.,.. city to Spru.r junction. 1 :. mil..,', h iilH.ut i:.0 f..,.t. From Spru... jun.ti.m to Mu„ro n...ur.i.un, - r, in.U-M, It i, about l(.Of....t: an.rf.om .Alunro n,.,un(ain to All, n l..k.. 2 :. n.il.i, l.y way of tl... ,l....p|y cut i.ttk- «ul.l, an.l Kourih.of July creek, the fall in ■»(!() f...i. Ut«|>h>'n (lyki Pinp enik. HTKI'IIKN li\KK. • The .mly in.|M„tant tributary from the south is Sfph.'n Dyke .•■■H.-k usn.all stn.an. wlii.h-J.-wids in tl... mor.-.inic hills on th.- north m.I,- of .Spru.v .reel;. It has .ut down „r re-ocTupie\HR. 39 r r- e 0«|y SUHFACt SOIL AND ORAVtL ^RAVBl »^y . . ^ /'. I . t . 1 .11.. , ..■• .MLT and OUAVtU. GRAVEL. BROVIfN BLUE SILT. REDDiiH COARSE ORAVEL. 5E.R?tNTINE BLD ROCK SECTION OF PINE CREEK GRAVELS AT DISCOVERY CLAI M Scale 3rT=»iNCH. 40 R \ru\ DMihtit l»' I I.. 1,, Uh. .. „ ,U.„, I •„, t, „, Tl... ,.,„...„.„„ .„ .niH. .rf H. ...uf. i. r. c..n..,„ u.i„* |.,„„ ,,ty ^,„, ,.,., ,^^^,,,,„, „,,,^ _ ^^^1 ^^^ ^ ..r Ir,, .M«,rt.,» ...M^rml. «l,.. ».,.»• ,l..|H«,f, ..f ..iff \>„uUi^r,Uy ........ ,-.r,.t.vru.. ,.,.,1.1^^.. „„a..r...l Ih. .• ,. M«lf,.v h,.„ ...1 Ht. ,.h.„ hyk,. ......1. „^ „ .U...,„,„.„„| ,„,r,,,,,.nl^ »m| .|i..rU.. lU,l..w II..- .•ft..,., U..I niH.v. r.„.. ,„v, ,..r,M.„„n h« ,.r.,»,,l,n. U.I r.Nk. li... tf,„„,^, ,,„j,„„ „, „^^ ^^^,, ^ ,„.-l..r.t,.|y ....«„.. U.ll.;r "'7* " • »•"' "'-M- ••' 'lu «....| N.U4.-, ..,. ... . w..iaht ..; ^v .M.»l ....,..., ,.,.. ,..., un.-«,„„„.„ Th„ ^.,1.) i, uMMlly *..||.„.u.,.|,.l ,.r I1..1.-M-I, ,1 .Hw, ,,n„.M,,..lly „,.,„• lH.,|r.H-(., „ „allv m . r.-H.-r . '^ "•'■• ' "'•• -'"^-l- 'l I" v..,y .■!,.,,., j, „, f..||..«,. ,„ „„,.„.,. trig iir'ittr •' " liMiwri liliii. .ill. '-' " ;.'fii\i.|. - '■ "ill aipl ;.'rii\fl. •' (Wh- linurl -' •• "f'M-.' «i.iy «niv..|. ilay iiii.l iiui.k. ""."""'-•'"^ '•'"'" " f"C.. ..f .1,,. ,.X..M>.i„.„. H»,..W, 10f,..,l,.f M.U..I Kn....l, This is ,h« ,..y «,...vH I 1. ,. „ ..,,,.,„„„. J r.Hk. ....I. „. ,.„vinK,,u.r,..,.., j, .iN.. r.u.„l .„. s....... of ,1... thinly .•..v.r.Ml p.. ky U.||.l„.» :'() to OU f,.,.f „l.ove tl,.- ...mn,,. AU. ..„....,.,,>„. hori.„„.,,,.y ,,„,,., „,...„,„, , ,,if,j ,„^„ '"'"''^ ■'" ;'"• ^'";' '" •' '•■"- '■•■•••k ••••l"« l'.-.v...y .uL Th..,e ..,-,...»r ... iH. ..«, her ,K.st « , I, .., ,,,„,. ..,...,;^^ ,^.,^,^,. .^ ,__ wan p,a.-„..ally .on.i„,.,| t.. ,1.,,, ,,o„u.n «hi.l, li.. U,.h...,. ,i„M ,{,„ ^u..l >...,.h..n .lyk... 11... U.H, r..sul,. .,,p,..r ,o 1.,., ,„..„ .,,„,(„„., r...... .l,..v,0.nuy..£ -)i.oov,.ry .-hii,,. ,„.,| f..,- uIh.u., ;t.j claims U.|.,w i, Th.. S„nri.« irydr.u,ie C.npany I.uh (it....l u,, .t, appliance, „„,| .un,m.ncv.i p,p.„, ..„ ,ho north hank of I'.n.. .-reek, n.-ar ,1... h...] of V . ow ore..k. Mrack-tU I ly.lraul.o . ...npany has takon ov.r ,.,„,,. ..f U.I .wc.,..,.k. I.ur.„, th,. «.a.o„ of l.uuth..y appear to have cW effectno and sucoi'usful work. pruc, cr,;.U, Spnu-e ,„.ek is th« lar^c.^t tril.utarv of l'i„,. ..re..k Ft ri.es thirt ".il^. .otiu. south east, and faiU in it. course ic ,he juncti..n wTth miuAitL *tRPIir« tiVKK. 41 N t*in«i .b, -hh- ] T<><> U-vt Tl»< i)|>|>»r |Hiriiiiii i* >im):)y m low si'*'*y fiiufio l>'>%'lni({ iMxr iti)!t..r iink'<, all <>< *l»i'h htivn ilii'ir .«>«jrii«« frtmi ili» ■« irnf wnl>' iipl imU nr .VI|>iMf' iii"'iitt4li i» till iBiltiiiiM'tl s.ilU'y, '■ffwi'«"n ImiiU" nf ilriU iiKitiTi.il ' " Im Iimi f.fl IhkIi, iiriil II f »ll« III l!u. .li.i.uiic iiIhhiI 4(H) f-.i At K»kI'* p'Miil, twi> iiiilt* ffiiiii ltn! lit'O'l, lli-ri- I' .1 IlliU- ■ u. nil (•,!,, 1, ,1 fitriiiiMl (>v ii lnrrn r of rm-k", wliiiti i»r»< « iiiorH i|M«»r»/itii' f iiiii <.l ili« "''' '" '" Id'itiii' >ilnl«'-. iif Wiiylit t (••••■k At lltii \>\,vf n t'lw iiiiii«'r« h;«^ •• '"•••m pill|ili.yBil iliiriii;,' ihf •«^i».( lhi> hk Uy U'tii'h. itiiiily <''»>t'i«'<| with amvcl, !{•♦%•• i.'.»mI rrinni- III ;{'>lil I'.iy li{r«vl i<< tiU'i lMMri|{ Wiiiitii'il iVniii ill" vull'-v Tlit- l« iml mi l»'i| iiH-k, ItUI alxiVM It ttr<«tilili •>( nilt or I'liiy, lu'lnvir «« lijili K">i't. ci, ,„,,,, ,j ft Inn- fiitiTH 11 liriKiil low h.iiiu-r of ;!l'>f|ixt (T't-k !»iii| Sjirili'i' III Minlitiii I'lin ■.lii'iiiii full-* iiiiirt' rn|ililly thmuijli II ii-rii't ni i|nii|i r,iiii>ii'<. I/i*it il'iwii, it njli il«M'|i!y into lliti • iiifl, t..rmiii;{ n ilil. h likr . Ihliiiu'l tnnn '.'iMJ to |IM) ^nl i|iM|. nil. I .'(Ui) til .•<. Tin' iiiii'i'iliil , , lll.ll ;lll>l (m| liy tlii-. iii'«'|i t'UlUii;; It ii iiinri' or li'-<- u-vii li>i| iliil f iNc lifi|i|fi| U.il.l.i .l.iy ilrift, »i'li v.iiii.. i|<'|i i-iio nf «iilV hiiuliliT I'lav, luiitiviiuiii; '■triuiiil |,',J,',|^ ImuliliM's. 'I'lii'itt i-i littli' lii'it riH'k (•x|Hi>(l in all ilii> iip|»'r |> mi 'i :.'riii|t« nf frmu 2v» t'» ',\ I>'k. I'liifiT iiiiiiiti;,' liai Imm-ii iiitivc for I'l- |i:Kt tvm mimmuk on thiit „,,(" !,\|','| "ii"'" portimi of till- I'l'i'i'k from 13^ liclow to M) Im'Ihw Hi-iovfry. aUu iit a few pliic'i-s lii;,'liiT up, (I 1 III ill'' lii-nohfs iii'iir Iliscuvi'iy cluim, nls.i /it Ivii^li' jMiiiif Tilt' ;iri'a r piHtimi of this ^tn'mii, thou;;h provrd lo t«« i;oliMi<>iirint; at |M>iiil« ^iilcly apart, has not hwii workfii hy {ilaicr mining, on Hvifiunt of i iu' dHplh Ui l«Hl-r siijiply of wiiti-r it fully iitilizcil at pre-'i.t hy thi- plat<»r minors fur thi'ir water wht-ils ati'i Hluici's. Tim i^old in usually coariM*. Soini" iiug;;«lK, up to (i) ounciM in Wfiijhl, ha\« lH,'«'n taken out. This j;olii runs* snmewhat finer than that of Pine ir«i'k. Uuliv ert*ek lies fnurtein nml a half mile" ast of Atliii lake. It in llul.y . rw-k. the iiioit easterly of the ^^olillwaring creek , triliutuiy to I'ine creek, t. M «m% it|.||ii«Y Mbt.t|. \iUft ll...li.l. I irrithiii lull Alhii l.il... Iivilr mill- • "inp.iiiy. '" ' ** ""•••'-'••» -MM.rk.My .|...|., r^iUf rt,. »,..t».„,.«.J s^Urs: " "■'■ ('^"■«^'» W '•< ih. .horil.. „ I ,H.tl»., ,!„!•, aivi «.rK.,«»rw ..I lilt. t.„l.| ^„,,. , -iL^ ,,il«yi|..*i,w.ir.| .r.M.. Il,«... M|.|«.r Iril.tiUM.- Ii.., »•<♦ «l. r»ri, «„„»,. I, ,,„, |,,„, m,^., ,„ ,^ .„^,,. ^^j^^^, ,^ ^ , ^^1^ «••*. l»...M.i,h •»,..(, ,»,„ ,„,„,.t .„,.^ ,,^, ..^^ *,»...,. M«rn.« C...8.,,, *' '""»1'^V »llh It,..t, .umI |UH,M.,r .rM..k., •h.,h ,.|,.. ,|r„„. U.ln. IN r.Hk. .1 il,,. li..!.! ?*„,..,. ,hr ,,,,.1.11.. |-.ri|..i. .,( Itul.v .fk . ...«M U.S. ,Mv.,„ ,,l^....,. Th. ,».«,..,, ..{ Ih.. . rr. k „ ..Nr.U.M l.v U.r b.,rt|, ,x „..«,„u,„ ..r «•..,.„. ,.,,.|r„!l, anol.j v.,l..,n.., It..,.,,, u,.. *«l..,„ ,»„!,„.,( ,J,U Vill-v. «,„| i(.r hurpriM. «n.„.i... .«..,,, v il... ,..».|rn, ,=.„;;.. ,„.«, ,h« ,„.„„t,. |,„t ,1,., „,,,..,r,„.r. I,,., |h .„ .I'.n.lv •I'"!'-.! I„ KK-kii ..r 111.. hll...| i„ ».,(, l„,„i.|..r, ri..T..,.,f„||. ,,„,„,„, l,|.M.r.'..llH..«.H.„,l,....-,„„.l,.,rk,,.,„|.s,„,,r„., I'.k- Tl,.. vol,,,,.,. .,f ,..t,.-r ,. ,..i!i..„.,„ r..r p,. ,.•„» ...-.I^ J'iM.r M.inH... I,. U.,.„ . .,,,...1 .... w.tl, M„i...., ,|„r,„« U... «.„,.„„ ofl>''l. hH,., I!,.. ^,,1,1 U. ■.«.,.,., ..,„. „„^,^.., ..f ,'...,., „ , ^., n f«.....| ,.„ |.„... w.,y ,.|,.„„. |.,,y ^„„,„, „ j„„,„, ,,^,^,. I,, -..v. ry .I.,.,,. •■>. :^ .'.„„„.. l„..|r.N.|<. ,h.. .,„ly in,,,, ,|„..,v...| ,„ „,„ .,,„,,„, ";'; y '"• ""••"""•••' (-r l.> .l... t„,i rl.,* .I ,.,,.,r ,„„„..„ .., „,., W.II..V «,„ .,ni^„i„lly .«..■„!. i... I l,y„e,,„.,|„. ,U,,„..,- ,|,.. ,;„|,| .s..,,H, 1 1.,.,.. |„»w, Ih,.,. *..r„,|„*„u,„J,|,.. o.,.t,ii,...|^..,l,l ...,.c..,.t,.,„..| „„ U... «rH,.it.. w|.,..|, u,Ml..,h.. ,1,..,,, I ,,..„ ,1,.. l.,w..r,,„r. .., ,(.„ „nn,„ II... I... r..„.,.,,. Hv.in.uli,- .Sy,„|„„„. |,„, „ I..,,,.. ^ „„„,,. ,^,^^ ,^,,_^ I.Ulll M„.| s,„„.. ,,i,,j„y ,|.,„.. ,|,„,j„j, t,,.. ,.,„,.„_ „^ ,.„,,, ,j.|_^ ^^^^_^ P'.rti.,,,, „f ,1... |.,.Hlucliv. Kr..ur.,i l„„.i{ ,1,11 ,„ tl,.- I„.„.U .,( ,,ltt,...r Kiivl. ..r....k i> „i,„. mile, ...„, ,.f At lit, It i, ,,,,r„ll,.l ,„ |;..ul,|..r rr.-..k .,,,,1 „ „.u,.|, ,h.. sa,i„. il, »■„,,,> „,.,1 .•|,«,„ct,.r, with a ...mll,.,- t1"w ,,, water. Art,,..,!,,.. ,|,u,... t..s..tl,..r *i.l, „.„„. ,„Mj:n,.Mt,.. ,|„„i,., «M.I iin.-.M.,,... »,.,.„ tl,.. ,..i,H.-,.nt r.i„«t.s. Th..,.- ,.«k,ar.. tr.,^,.,■,..,i .V -..,„. v,.„,tlll.-.i ii>,ur..s, u,..l tl.,.y uK., o-mtair, Iur«.. Ih,,!!.., .„■„ «|,i,.. '"'"■•■>' l""i' .>iK.rat,:.„M „e,,r IHs.overy clai,,, at the lower .-n,! ..f t|„. ..rp..k. :i L 5 5 * .■»...^ ,«f,| s ^ --^ fVi' ^jpSP ,vr ":^ > -w aviLLOt , HTKHHKN DYKR 13 II Huhy, liuuliItT iiiif Pine creek. They artj iklike in phyniial features hut ililler from tlio otIiiT (^ol.llx'iiriii;; Htreaini. 'I'hey Bpi>eiir to lie simply the V-shiiiieil valleys ami hasitis, due to water ami huow erosiun, and now contain no wvidenco ofulaeial orijjin or deposits. Wri;,'ht creek flows into Surprise lake from the south. It i.s the U riglit cntk. most, easterly of the pr.Kluctive creeks Houth of I'ine \ alley. Thi' lenj,'tli of ihi.s stream is six and a half miles. Its sources are like those of Spruce and McKee creeks up-in the Alpine upi:imU of this district. Th,< upper fxirtion is al«)ve timlwr line. The stream flows over .i rather soft hiotito shitt- which wears flown without leaving; houlders. It is this upper exposed portion of the stream hed which has so far proved prwluctive. The jjold values app-ar in some places to \tc found *'"M fiMiii>l m deep in the deconiposeil slate and in the banks at some distance from '"""'*''•'"''■■*• the stream. 'I'he rock is heavily iinjiregnaled with jiyrites. Free mercury, cinnabi.r and native copper are said to l)e found also, hut no certain evidence was obtained. The h)wer ''iree miles of this valley are covered too deeply wiih drift to atlbrd placer di>;«inj;s. The Peiuiu;{wig Hydraulic Company Las operated to some extent on this portion of the stream. The rpiality ai > colour of the gold found on this stream are s.miewhat different from thatof I'ine creek and its northern tributaries. A moie than usual amount of black sand and pyrites is concentrated alon;,' with the gild in wa.shing. The slate of this creek resembles very much that seen in many places to the south-westward. At tliis point, however, it is in contact with the Surprise granites to the north, and may have derived some of its value from that circumstance. Otter creek drains the slopes between Spruce and Wright creeks. IL »»tt.r crck. enters Pine creek close to its outlet from Surprise lake. Like Wriglit creek it rises in the groat uplands 1,700 feet above Surprise lake. Its length is about ten miles. Si.x miles from the mouth there is a little cafion, much like the one at Eagle point on Spruce creek and in the same rocks. Placer mining has been successful at this p^.int. lielow this upper cafion the valley has a tiat-bottomed, til led-in appearance and no productive work has yet been done. Near the mouth, there is another cafion, composed of quartzites, limestone and a talcose rock, containing large patches of a barren-looking quartz. This stream mucli resembles Spruce creek. It has the same drift deposits and little morainic hills. From the upper cafion to Pine creek there is a fall of about 900 feet. The volume of water is greater than that of Wright, Boulder or Birch creeks. ^, ^ li 't TW w^m U II MiKin cm I, ATLI.V DlftrniCT. l'riiiii|iallv K" ' Il-t..n. , •111! qiLillz,. I'vilraiilir w.,rk hv *^yii'lio;iti'. Matrnedc "••|>anitiii-, niiliiiif,' n.,| CoMt of priKllKtinli too great. ^•"•ek, .s.,v.... „.i,., ..,,,,„. .V,,, . ll , '"- '"■"'• "'"'"■"<' -^^PruL A Mir M.,,,,13. „f ,,,,,t,,^ ,^ tns .tr.u,„, wind, l„.s n„,v Uvn ■■"" f""'"'* "^ -'va„t„,., ,„ ^e™C;t;v;;:;;r:,:;;;:-^ ' '^ ""'i-- -.Ki . i.:.,7:;; :' ';r'"^.""-"'^- - —..at ,e^ tl.- creek. ,,... ,,„ Wliciency ' U.^'tvCu ";: "" ' """""""■^ "^ and the p..o.e„.e of p|,ui„„,„ ^, ^^ ^ ^ J-" '-^gn.-tie .,„.,,,,„, ^ 'iit'tals of the sHUif group.* V.AUTZ AM, 1.0,,,.; ,„j„^.,, I. "e. reek have hee„ prospect. ,t:"""'' "'''"" •''" -^""r of acfvelv worked. Some of the .nin!r d , "'''' ""' "''^^ '''-« a-Hl probable por.na.ence. The'o t 77'^ '*''"" ^'""-^ °^ '''-"gth heavy. Transportation rate-sLdedTou/^'-T'^' '' ^'^^''^'^^ • -Sumn-ary R.pon .;e;ri;;;rCan.ri900. „.7r •VILUM ' ylAHTZ ANP I.,i.. of tl...>.t. .l.|M,MtH hh- M.on-. w.ll .l.tli.-l WhI.'s u-ii.illy will, u -invito ..f .|uiirt/. s.ili.l.iil.'i* of iron, l.'.i-l arxl cop|..T Hi« pn>M'i.t. A^ fur ,ih .U't.-raiin.'.! iIr-m- ur.> ik.I of lii«li enough vulue in the preciou-. mi- uU. to .'iioouiH,'.' iIi.mi .i.-v i.niiii.-i.t during prc^t-tit conilitions of h.Mvy <'oi(»>. Oth-r .l.'i.osit. of mo... or l..,s fr..- mill.M« ;;ol,l .,uHrt/ <'ff<''- '«"'''• ^::;;;;;:.;|t';i'' rnturiiHl\.r.l.-v..lo|.iM.-i>t. In somi« o/im". vi-ry ri. Ii ii-siiyH urr given. Th« result of mill lo«t« n.ii.l.' by the Niinio.l Syn.licut.- [.^'opl.' with th,.ir Humll tix.vMiiinp "liH ^'t Allin It" to M.ow iliut }{.Ti-nil av..ni«os aro iiio.l.-ruielv lo*. Mill t.-st- of tl..' An.u-onda loik, tin iiuriforou. ma-n.-ito (lq.u,sit of l,'n«al .-xlorit, sl.ow it to \y of t.«) low u'i»-l« i" gol.l to pav uiul.r onwr.it .■on.iilio.is. A mill run lontiiiu-.l for Bcvernl week^ upon tlie oro of thn ' Pftris Kxliil.ilion ' on Munro poak gaNf. n-'onlina to pul.lisli..l .-.■port, a liltl.i ov.m- .■'lU.UO p<'r ton in g,.l.l. ;i,-h valu. s .1. ,1,'old an- roport.-.l from iho ' Ivy May ', a quart/ |l|^';,;:;','""" vein on tl..; Tina mountains; also from tlio ' Yellow . I aok.«t' whi.h crosses I'iui- cre.-k half a milt- above Uisrovry claim. Som.' fr.-.- «ol,i ami argentitr w.-r.i «et>n in the win matt.r of the ' i.akovii.w ' daim, near .Surprise lake, and a solid hut umletined dep-wit of tjalena and pyrites occurs on the 'Sunset,' at the summit between Kcely and Consolation creeks. Near the head of the east fork of liirch creek there is a stron;; and ■ I,,.tl^ K.li.a regular vein, the ' Little K.lna.' This is well mineralized with iron- ''"'■ pyrites an.l some chalcopyrite in a (juartz gan^ue. This curries some values in gold and silver, Other veins and miiieruliml IxKlies are found principally within the rocks already defined as the Gold Series. It seems probable that some of these will become oroductive in time, especially those which are more or less free millin. Under present conditions as to co.st, ores of a smelting character will necessarily have to be of high grade. The presence of coking coal in this or some neigh- I'tj^'J'c^L"' bouring district may, if discovere.l, cause an active development of „,.>.ai.j. the '•efractory ore bodies. The Engineer Mining Company is developing the ' Hope ' claim on Taku arm, eight miles south of Golden Gate. The ore-body is com- posed of quartz and has an extensive outcrop at the lake shore It carries values in free gold, also some stibnite. Telluride of gold Is said to be found but it was not detected in sjK-cimens examined in the laboratory of the Survey. The country-rock is a dark twisted slate, almost a shale in places. Quartz stringers and iron-pyrites are found throughout it. This is the only observed occurrence of precious metals >- ■■..,*• 4fi „ ATMv hmnirr. Nat !ivpcii|i|i. "Cciirri'iK ... '-''H"t-or M.tiw. ,., ';'\ '" 7'-; •"*^''-'W with «o„,., „,.k,, «>""*"t with th.. s,„..|.u„I. '""■''''^'•"" ^"•■'*"" "'•' ^- fn.,„ ,1... M U'at.r watkr Avvr.vsis. -"•"— '-x i"::i';:::".:;:Lrr ;'■'''■«•*'''''•' •''^'^^- N... I T.k..n f,. • l«l«.rftt»ry of the Survey .aline ,n,u.or ... l.i,,3 .Ji"'/ '"'"''■ ''^ ""-I .li.s.sulved anaI,,U Hh...e.i the presl; :;": ""' ""^'■"" *<*"«"• A ..uul.tatK.e f'.-'"' very smull .,UH«titic.s ■ '-"oe, >,inrtll .juantity • Chlonne, very .small ,,ua„ti,y; feilica, trace ; Ory/inic matter, trace. ri'is .spring is lukewarm It l,a, I u niound of calcareous .sinter or tufa a, dan "'' " '""''''^ ^''"*""«'' ""^ contact of the , „>,„„,, mJZell '''.'':'' f" '-"" ^-^ near the the only .arm .pri„. „oted i.: tHXlL"'' '" '^"''"^'*^-^- ^' -- ^':u. ^o^d i;ut:;::t;::t — ;- -.eo^ ...a water. ^•^-. It i. de.crihed . a J^l Z^):^'^] ^f '^^-^ ^-very Hfent and colourless water, devoid liikiuarii] Allah ., »<>cjiil.j.) »■ ,f' :»»,.A ■»* '"lij m^^.^jk^'i af. <^<* PJIM WVTkH A1IAI.VXIH , o.|..ur or «..y n.»rko.l U-i.. Ih,' i-ul .i.»*av.,l .^lii.. ••.•«« wm »,» gr«in. |»r .u.i.«.»l «all..«. A .iM*huiive ^ii.ly.i. .1...*^! th. rtnii' nul, iM.uif-whttt lirni- "lunnlity ; Chl(*riiii<, triic« ; Sili«i», trarf ; Oij{nnio mattiT, taint iriio-. |l<,iliii(j !.r.H|u..>(i a r.ith*r nmull prncipilat*, oonHi^tit.g »t o«rbonat.'» iif liiii" and nia|{nfi«i>t. TliiH wufir, when irvAx, u ^ll.»r^. iin.l ,.l.>»«aht to ih- Ui-t.'. There a,.j«.arH U> \m eon-Ul.Tal.le tr-« c,u>H...i.' aci.l. Th.. only .l..,H«it it leaves on tlir urastilt U a titaiti of iron. N... 3. A «an.i.l« of w.U.r w.u. .•olU-ct.-l fron. a mineral spring at the H-";,-";;;;;;, north »-n■'-......,.."::.:' ""*••••-•' — .f .(...... .,.,,.,„•.'"""" •^^»" -» «!■...« .hi,. our,.. I'ie, (..n,. i„.„„ , ^ ^ -'-'. iy-.-^. nu.., .,. „:,:;;:. :;;.;•;; ^- '- .,...,. ,.,., ....,.,.., 3';; ' •'""-• ^" ■"'^ :*;::;: '";•, ^-"-^ -" ••"•«-'- .M«|.,,( •twtrii I, UmiihI irti. dilfl. .lit l« "li (iiii-. '" •^'"nnwtiori witi, f|„. »,i "*••"'"'"' '■" •' «,,...ur ... : , , '"^"''^'"^ '"•■ ""-.one, ,,„ '-tun. oi th. K.SoK;:;it::;Lr *" '^^ '-- - * ¥■ m» u lit VnmrnitfCHniilM t> « a >ka ••« *** •• •'••«><'• Th« Mcrtffr.*- , [,m''«j Ontm a I tf-ta ■}nmm, h • *'*ttfmtt.%'Hf .ij.H.Lii ii^f ,. X«.7IJ Pric« iOcH