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6
MICtOCOfV MSOIUTION TUT CHAIT
lANSI and ISO TfST CHART No 2l
I • ^J 121 *^^ MHB
I.I
b tii
136
2.2
2.0
1.8
E5 lllii lllli6
_J /APP LIED jIVHGE
ST^S '^■'^chintef. Nei
16) 482 - J500 - Pho
• "6) /88 - 5989 fo.
PART B, ANNUAL flEPORT, VO'-. XL, 1800
CiKoI.iX.K'AL -li:\ i;^ (>!• CANAhA
II i:['" •!:■
ATLIX MI.\1.\(, DISTRICT
BRrriSIJ COLUMBIA
J C. <.\VILL1.M, B.Sc.
OTTAWA
PHtXTKi) I'.Y < i: [i\Av-(,N. n;i\ri i; tm the kings most
KXLLl.I.r.M MAJi;.-TV
I'J^'l
So 743
I^rice, TenceuU,
j¥'
'■^s^xt^^si .-,(
*\
t f
■J. -a
^ !
cilv()i.()(;i(;.\F. >riivi;v ok canada
in;i'uirr
ATIJX MIMXc; DISTRICT
iiHiTisii c()r;r.\iiiiA
•' <■ <iW||.i,IM, ItSc.
ki(^.>
"TJ'.WVA
CKINTKI. HY S K. MAWSCN. I'UINTKK T(. THK KISiiH MOsT
KX'KM.KNT .MA.IK.STV
IttOl
No T43
plllll(J "
T.. It.M.nNi llni. M |i, M, It. K l( ^.
Oif»fh)i\ U'liliKjK-itl S'irrrtf ,i/' I '.iiiittfit
Him, I li«.i' rli. |toM<>iir !•» i<ititiiir hcri'wiili -i ii>|m>m >i|»mi ihti ili,
iriil .'..i,! UMintf l»m Atltii a"l'l •"•l-l" Mf ii..rlliiri. Iliili^li r,il.iriil,i»,
A '"tili.iir inu|. iif till, i|i»lii,J .•.,ii,jn|.,| f,,,„, ,yn,,^. In M, \V II
llii^il itiiil tii)M-llf nhii «•> itiii|M»iiir>« tlito ri'i'oil
Id <'i>iiht<iiiiin with ih>' »lucly itf tlM> U'ttUtjy »f (hit iii-<irii't I wuh
t<i tlmnk l»i llfitliiuMin, |)| |l irl<i<* ini<l |»r Ami nf e|ii» ««» »••> l.ir
lli,.ir tt.,i«t,ii.... ,K,.i Ml «» K b-n.y .>r M.(iill l'iiiv.r»uy fur man*-
wojiicul Kxiitiiiiiittioii lit iliin WH-tiiiiiii »1 rit. ki
I hi»\.' t)i • h-OK'Ur t" l>«<.
.*«ir,
Voitr •ilM'iliftit <i»<r\i»iit.
Oititwii, May lA, 1901.
J {; <i\vn,LiM.
>i
|i% ■«{* jj!'4- ♦■■■
■# l-^
' ( '
-■■■V5
JK£»». -^Mi2
RKPORT
ATLIN minim; DISTKKT. HKITISII COLrMHIA
IMHOIHITIipN.
The (>xainii..ilion and tn|„,i:,;ip|.i,,il survey ,,f tli,. Atlin .listri.l w,i« A.l,„ ,|,„n.t
umliTtiikHti in l.sim, an.l iw.. mmsuh.. weiv sp..n:, in sathcriny iimtrrial
for a .-)UU feet contour map -<.„l,,-ioilly coloured, ami a r.-port upon
the district. In JIMMI I «as assisted l,y .Mr. W. H. Hoyd who under- ,\,„„.nt.
t(H.k the topyraphy of the iiiounlai!! features. The survey was tied
on to .Mr. <)-ilvi,-'s traverse of tlie Lewes lliver in l,s,s7,at Tai,'ish lake.
The methods of survey were l,y means of hoat-loj,' traverses of the M. Hio.U ,,f
lakes and ma;;netic l.earin;{s, also latitude ohservations for the moun '"""
tain and inlatid work. A transit triain;u'ation was made by Mi: liovd,
of all the country hetween Taku aim and Tesliii lake Park horses
were uspd as carriers.
t »th..rsour(psofi„foni.ation have heen through Me.ssrs.Hrownlee and \. kM.mU.dR...
Lowry of Atlin. .Mr. A. 8t. C'yr, of Ottawa and many others resident """"•
in the di^^trict showed me courtesy for which I am much ol.lij,'ed.
ti
I
lIlsrOKV OF IIIK DISTKICT.
The district to which the followin;; report applies, lies hi'tween lati
tudes 59 and GO' north and cxtend.s from loM;,'itu(le ]:V2 to i:?4 30
westof (ireenwich. This area indu.les the whole drainage l.asin of .\,va „.. h.,l..,l
Atlin lake, together with the adj.ieeiit country to theeast of it, drainin" '" "''""
into Tesliii lake, also the Taku arm basin to the west of .\tlin lake, in
all .some G,000 s.juare miles of the extreme north-west corner of
Briti.sh Columbia which has recently come into prominence as a placer
gold producing district.
4i
..^iNWM-^jr.:
■ ]
9»
KM.IS DISTHHT.
1
I>n>liminitry
map III
iliitrict.
Ool.l
ill IWIH.
Iiiiliaii
iiiliabitaiit^.
A preliminary riia|i of the w«'stern [lortiori of the district hiw l>een
ah'Oii'lv |iublisli('i| in tht> Suimu.iry li«|Hii't for I'JOO. A more exten-
Hive cuiitourcd innp acooiiijii»tii«'s the preNrtit it'j..iit.
A'.lin l)H(.'aini' known as n prtMlut-tivi' iiUccr ;,'r>l(l cuinp t>;iily in the
yeiir 1MW8 after the litscoverips miide hy MilItT and Mi|jir»-n. Tliest-
Mien iipproaiht'd tlioilistrii't from SkaLjway over the White I'lis.s, thenee
l)y way of Tut-hi lake and ri\er and the Ttku arm of Ti^ish lake to
Atlin lake. Their Hr^t discovery ot >iold in p ivini; 'lu.inlilicf was made
on I'ire creek iti .January, l>*'.>f*. This journey was made with dog
sleds in the depth of winter hroiii thi^ (.nt it ap|cMrs prohalile thai
tiie district was known to he ;,'olil-lH'arinj; prior > their recorded dis
covery. Such a eonilu-^ion is supported hy ^.taternetils of ininets and
prospectors who winter aloiii; the Ala--kan coast. There appears to
be no evidence to prove that the creeks were formerly worked for^old,
althou^di thi> is commonly helieve.l. .^ small .imount of pro.specling
may have l)e<ii done, but nothiie,' more.
The prchcnce and influence <it' ln<li.in inhabitants is maik'-d bv ]ior-
tage trails from Tagish Houses to Little Atlin lake and Tcslin river,
also from Atlin lake at Fike river to the upper waters of Taku river
and from Taku ii\er to Tedin lake. Other evidences of a trail are
found fiom Surprise lake to Teslin lake and al>;o to (-ladys lake. The
intervening country npiiears to have been rarely visited, nor ate tlie
trails above mentioned important hi;;hways of In<lian travel.
ACCESSIHILITV.
Rollfcs
followed l.y
|)ro»i»tti>rs.
During the tirst r ish into Atlin district in the sprin;; of ISOS and
18'J9, many different routes were followed : —
The ' Fantail route ' was a shorter winter trail for dog shds from
Skagway over White Fass. From White Pass the trail strikes south-
easterly down a long wide (h'pression leading to Fantail lake, thenco
across Taku arm to Atlin lake. The ' Taku route ' was from .1 uneau up
the Taku river and Nakina river to the mouth of Silver Salmon river,
thence \iy the latter valley and over a low divide at Pike lake to Atlin
lake.
Another all overland route was by way of the Telegi'aph-Teslin trail
from Glenora to Teslin lake, thence across the ranges westwaid to
Atlin lake. The present established route follows one of the early
approaches by way of Taku arm from Tagish lake which is on the
waterway to the Klondike. An all-rail and steamboat service now
^^mm^.^Jb^^'^m^^Mmmm^xsu^m
I.AKKM.
cnnnt'cts ihft ilintrict with tli« I'lioitic oa^t iit Skiij{Wfty. Thiti pliicew
it witliin .a flag's travel ot' tin' oi*>.iii MteuiiieiH.
TOt'OfiriAl IIV.
Tilt* ;>iii<'t,il clHViitii.n ot'tlif lower Ink" ami \ alloy system eoinprising Ti.|«yr;n.liy.
Lakes llennett, Tav'ish, Taku iirni ami Atliri i-< alxmt :.',jl)0 tee', nUive
HPii level. 'I'llH hisjliest peaks . if th-' cjislriet ilo nnl exei'ed 7.()U0 t'e«t
above sealevel. ( li'Mirally speakiti'.' the immiilaiii tup-, ire If.iiii .'i.<H»0
to ti,.")()0 feet alxive the sea. 'I'iieie ix also a veciiiil svitem iif depres
Kions Id upp. r valji'vs aiel plateaux whieh isiilale ttie inniint iiii< into
j;r<>iip> ha\iipi;a mutuled atid woin doun ap|»earaiiee. The mini lowi-r
lake '.ysteiii lii's in depress ji mi re ur less iti a leirtli and south
direction, tollowinj; the yeneral I rend ot" rnn^je and valley as se. ii all
through the more southern poili.,ns of liritish I'olumhia. These prin-
cii)al north and siiulh valleys are eonni'eted hy wide depres>ions.
Coninisted with the ruv'^'eil >.'ranilie hairier of the I'oast Itanu'e tin- '•■v|'l"r.»tii.ii
ilisttiet oilers easy expldiation. 'I'lie upper port ions iif the mountains
ahi>\e the tiinlier lina are grassy and open, without, a-, a rule, inueh
ohstruetion to travellint;. Kxtensive slopes and wide \ alleys are
scantily timbered with llanksian pine, spiure and balsjui.
The di;iina;,'e is in thiep dirertions. North and west lo tii>> I'fiper l)nlll^^^,'. .
Yukon at Taidsh lake by way ot Taku arm; north and east to the
Yukon by way of Teslin lake and riv.r; atid south-westerly by way
of the Taku river 1. 1 the Pacilii- ocean at Juneau. The o> iitial point
of dispersion is from the rcllinj; uplands half way between Atlin
anil Teslin lakes.
I.AKF.s.
The chief lakes of this district are: — Taku arm. Atlin lake, and
Teslin lake. These arc the lakes of the great nortii and-south valleys.
Little Atlin lake is a shallow body of water M) feet hit;her than
Atlin lake, but in the same wide .alley to the north of it. The lakes
of the upper valleys which drain transversely east or west into
the.se chief lakes are: Glady-slake, Surprise lake, Tutshi lake, Fan-
tail lake, Edgar lake and Nelson lake. .Sloko lake drains ^o itli east-
erly into Taku river and is the most southerly of these lakes.
Concerning the depth, soundings were only taken along the
northern half of Atlin lake. These soundings showed a fair regularity
liiilNirtitnt
l.ikes.
Soiinilinifs
taken.
M H
*Ttiy DinTRirr.
I.irtif
Ailiii hk.
.Sl.«.,h,k..
Ill <l<'ptli. Th.' di'ptli iiuiiasiii^ uni'lually fmni 'iOO (eet n^-ur lliu
n..ith.rti .■ri.l to r.'ii) f..«t ..|,,....it,. Atlin t-,wn. Tl... .I.vp.t hounding
iimil wa. t;.10 f...'t. Little Atliii Ink.-, sitiiiif.i .,t, th.. l.nm.l low
'li\i.l.. lM.tw,.,.n AHiii hikr ,111(1 l^ikn Marnh is u shallow l,.Mly of
water with low ii»i,»hy wcst.-in shoroH. Mall lak.. is .in «.xp.»nHion of
<ila(ly. riv.T hetwr.m (iUuly-i l„k.. an.J T.Hlin l«k... f h.w uia-.y
isianils and iipiHNiis to Im- hI:iIIow uixi.
With ih., aU.vH two <.xf.-,.tion», the lak.s of this .lintrict ar« deep,
with mountain ranmis rising diivctly from thfir xhor.... Small .JeltaH
.•xist at tl... mouths of tl.f streams, I \u.illy a l.ioa.l low vallry .'onnectH
ih.M.. lakes with other lak.-s nt a hi^dier or lower Ifvel Sloko lake is
almost entirely fed by «!a.'ia! water ; it is of a milky .olour and .pite
opa,|ue even in shallow pla.-s. This lake lies one mile south of Atlin
hike at a level of 1!)0 feet hiKher. A low divide, 1-0 feet higher than
Sloko lake »e|uiates the waters llowin- south east ward to Taku river
■uid these tlowin;; north westward to the Yukon.
I .' rs.
Ktfrrluf
KlaciiTu oil
strriiiii:*.
Atlin rivtr.
V';niatiim ill
Vllllillll-.
I'lilMIPAI, nn Kits.
The chief .streams of the .listriet are Atlin river, (iladys river,
Nakina river, SloU. river, Sucker river. Of these ( iladys, Atlin ami
•Surkcr rivers ,.rc iiavii..il,|,. f,,r .small hoats ami ram..!.. Pine ..■.■•■k.
ODonnel riv..,. I'ik,. rivvrami Tulloch river a.e import.uif str.-ams
dmininK into Atlin lake. Tutshj river, ( >tt.r riv.r u.id ttale cvk
drui.i into Taku arm fn.m th.- lakes al.osr ihe... whj,!, eo.itain .-."s.^r-
voirs of glacial water.
The .|uanfity of wat.-r in these stivam.s d..|,en.is upon their sources,
rn.lune.ind July th.' ^'Iaei.>r-fed streams are low while the ..tl.ers
are high. In August and Se,,tem(.er the rev.Tse is the cits.-. The
■same principle applie.s to the lakes. Atlin lak.. and river appear to
be hi^d.e.st in early .Septemb.T. T.'slin lake ami Teslin river and all
th.Mr tribuUiries have iiij,'h water early in the suiMmer.
-Many cr.vks or brook.s are lateral tributaries of these main stream.s
ami ..f the lakes. Atlin river .Ir.iins Atlin lake into Taku arm. It
is two miles Ion;; and fall.s thirty-eight feet Tlie current is swift
and rouv'h. !i,.ast aiv poled or tracked up to it. S,„ws lo;i,Ied with
lumber arc taken down this stream at hiijh water. On June 18, ls99
the body of water was estimat.d at SO feet wi.le, ami 2 feet .leep, with'
a .iirrent (lowin;; at the rate of five miles an hour. On July .il, 'l81)t)
the body of water was estimated at lOOf.'et wide and six" feet deepi
aviLUM
IHI1CIPAI. RIVr.RX,
» B
with 11 .urrent iLiwin^ at t»ie raUi uf »ix miU an hour— nearly flvo time*
iM ^rPHt.
(SliMlyn ris.T ili'iir.^ (iladyx litko and th.- .listriit to tim *mith and <ii.«i). ,,».i
»outli wt-Hi, It i^ iliirty tlnveiiiile-* I-.rii.', f^illt al.oiU 700 fr.t and .•tilrrs
Testlin Idki', f.iurl.rn miles Hi.utli fust .,♦' hjiwx.n P.uks. This in tli.<
lor«e.Ht river •Indniii;,' into T.'slin Ink.- tV...,, tli.- w.Nt. Its vmIuiiii. or.
AuKUNt l:(, 11»00, wan .•sliniiii.'d ,,s sixty t.-.'t wid.-, t*.. ff.t df.'|,, with
1% .iiri.'nt of four iiiih'^ an hour. At thiit tini.- th.- wnfi r «uh low moc-
noM.' of th.' sourirs iin^ ;,'liici«l. Stroii;{ly l.uilt iKMits cim \m tak.-n up
Hiid down this str.-.im. With th.- .-xi.-i.tion of Clmlys fulls, ih.r.-is no
Ht>rious ol)sti»iln to iuiall b' lilts.
Tiie Niikinu riv.T runs in th- diMrict soulli-w..st of Cill.r.'atli p.,st, N.,kiiu riv.r.
Ht th« iM)Uth.Tnfndof T.-slifi lake. It Hows rapidly through a roughly
niountfiinous couniry alont; the soulh.'in cditrof th.- Atlin district. The
chi.-f trilmtary from th.- noilh is th.' SiK.T .sJainion river. Kurthfr to
the west th.- Slok.) riv.-r, a ;,'laci.r fed sti.-aiii of i.msidoral.le voiuui.' an.l
roujihti.ss joins the Naknia nvcr. Aft.-r this jun.tion it iH-.'oniHs th.- T..ku nv, ,.
Taku ii\.'r, win. Ii .■ntcrs liic IVilic ...fan m-ar ./umau. .-^ui! an.l r.)w
Koatsoin I... broujit up th. Taku river -uidth.' In.lian.s app.^ar t..
have l..ni{ Use,! it asa hi-hway int.. the T.slin At lin eountry. It is
also a lishin;; place tor salmon as far up as the jun. ti..n of the .'<ilver
.Salmon Hv.t with tin. Nakina river and p..ssil.iy further. An ..Id
In.lic.n trail .-.xi^ts fr..iii this pjaof to th.' s..u'hern end ..f Teslm lake,
This trail li.is hern r.-plaied l.y the Taku trail of the inin.-r.s, which in
a rouj;li md ni-iuntainous route.
The Sucker riv.-r is th.' |.ri,i, ipal I rihutary ..f tila.lys lake an.l rive.-. Suck., .iv.r.
It flows at an .-.-isy u'raii.- iiorthw.irds al.iuK a r.-markalily Mrai-ht and
deep valli-y whi.h is als., the sourc- ..f th.- Silver Salmon un.l of liuth
lake. The Sucker rriv.-r has many Iril.utarie.s. chi.-f .,f which are TriiM.t.u,,-. ,i
Zenazie and Terrah. i-na crcek.s on tht; west atid Kapi.l, l!uy, liadnor
an.l lirecon creeks on th.- cast. Its len^'th is twenty nine miles an.l the
fall in this distance alj.iul •JOO feet.
Lubl)..ck river i.s an .-x.■.■edin^'ly <r..okeil stream whi.h -Ir.dns Litil.- l.ni.i.,,
Atlin lake int.; Atlin lake proper at its noitliern en.l This river is "'"■
navi-able for small Ix.ats ; it.s 1,-n-th is nine miles. The current is swift f''.'n"f"'f.'' '""'
and without rapids. The fail is appr...\imat.-ly ei-hty.me feet from
Little Atlin lake to .Vtlin lake. Th.- whole basin and course beinj; a
continuation n..rthwards t.. wards l.ak.- Mar.sh of the Atlin lake d.-
pression oi valley. The fall from Little Atlin lake to Lak.- Marsh is
115 feet.
I
II
10 M
AfllN lilniHirr.
'I'liliiitarh^.
I'ik. rn,, I'.k.. riN.rtl.,w,into (I.., s,.uil,.rri p.,rii.m „i Atli.i Uk.. IV,,.. th«
••iixl. It iiu,! ,111 ..MMiimt.il v.ilitii 1 .Inly, iw.'iily liM-f,.t »i,i... tw,.
feH d.-i-|., Hii.l n . urniit ..f tlir.-.' nmi .t Imlr ii.il."< lui li..in Ii» l,.ni{(h
'•■ '■''"' '^''^" I- «l«'»'-n Mii|.-», l.ut it, ,.,.iui- i« tti >im|).v.i, ,re«fk,
iiiii-it!;{ tlic S|,,k( uiiKiiiiiN. Tins riv. I tliitt- iti H -rciit \.illrv with
» low .livi.l,. „t I'.U,. |„ii,, wlii.l, U.uls ir..m MIm l.ik.! I.. Silv... S,»liM.,n
!,';,t;',',;I;.",'' :*.'"' '''"•*" '■';"'•"• " ''"" '»"" '"'•"*'"' p"< -' ii»' * »y '-y u... i •...i,im«n
Tik.i iiw, I,, I' l<«ni|,h li,,.., iiikI lia.. iM-m ,iiuK.>,t.-.| n- n (.(.•.-ilil.. ,i|| f,,i| ,,,ut,. in<m
^""' Tiiku riv.-i- I.. Aliin.
<» Doiin.'l lu.riiM.^ Ill til.. Iiii.'li sl„|„., H,„| low MM.MMtMins ,.,„t|, ,,t'
Sui|.ri,.. l,,k.- iinil .iM.iii^ mil, i|„. „.iit|„.|M ,,,iit ,,f Atlin li.kp, tlir.-o
lliil.s i„,rll. ..f I'ikr nvrv. TliiH ,tiriiiii l.s .il»,ut. I liii ly miles loii'- It
ina lupi.l, shullosv ,lf.-,iiM whiih liH. iii.ny tiil.iitiri-." .Ir.iihiii- ii Urne
<li«tii,.t, i...,i.ly th.. «li..l.. ot wlii.l, ,M „nc|..,l„in \,y .|u.it t/it.-s .umI iimo-
HidiifiH of I'ii'icii/iiu; Jim'.
'■"""••''■ I'ih,. ,.|v.-k IS tl„, p. m.-ipaU'.,!.! I„.,irin«,tiv,i „st nf Atlm lak...
rt <lniiii.s SurpiiM- l,.k.., ,111,1 |„Wii l.^n-tli ..f el..K,.„ ,„i|,.s « it I, ,i fill
nlul„,ut S:!(.C,.,.t. TIm.|„ h,,. iii.u.y stfii,,^ trilMi.i.ry U, Surprise
liikr Mil.! I'm,, .r.k, tl... ••l.ii.f .,11... I„.|n- Miirli, H,.„|.|,., ,,n,l HmI.v
oiithf nnrtli ; Wri-lit, Oit.-r >iii.| Spriir,. ,,i, It,,. v..,itli Al! th.M- carry
•■•' '"■ '''"^ P' "•'•'• -"'•'• 'I'l'*' vail, y "f I'm.- .•!.. k i. hi^l, a,„l l.r.,ml.
It h,is i.M.iiy l..rr,i.-..<. Tii. r.. t'..r tli.. , t pirt Ulw.-.r. ;t(M) ,,,.,1
'"lOO tct.t iilH)ve til.. (i|..-(.tit ||.\,.| ,,f Alliii kik...
CoiUM.riiiii); til.. \.>lui in.j p.,w.r ni ih,. various sfrt.aiiis .,f this ills-
triot, it is iicli, ralil.. tliHt lh..n. ,ii.. 1,„1 f.'W f„IN. aii,| tli..s,. ,^,■,^ „( sl,.„t,
<l'"<ceiit. N-arly all tli.. .stn.a.iis ar.. rapi.l an, J at ti„,..s t..rr..|.tial. The
. ra^',. fall of tli.. !iiij.'i.r stivaiiis is fn.m I'u f, .•! t.. :.0 ffet [,.-r mil..,
or j.sis that. (,,„. p,.r cut. Ti„. fall .,f ,1,,. K„l,i-pr,„|u.iri- hIkmiu* is
groat-r. I'iru- crc.k falls X'M) f,.,.t i„ ..h.v.r. inil..s in <,ui,w portions „f
which tin* Krade is f.,iir per cent.
Th." trill. taiy mountain streams have a Kra,l« varying; from •_'.") per
cnnt to 7 pt-r .nf. The great est v., I u me of water .,ccurs in June, as
the r. suit of th.. meltin- of the winters >now. Th.- only excptions
to this are th,. sh.Mt tjlacier fed i ivers enterin;,' the south.rn part of
Atlin lak.. an.l Taku Arm, which are in ^.'reatest volume in July
and Aiiifust. No,,,. „f these streams r, .-..ive appreeiahle freshets froiii
summers or fall rains.
Wilt. 1 |H.Mir
,'f .<tii-,ii,i«.
<ir.at.'sf
M.liiiii.' in
ti;hi!.\(;k.>
T.-rra
Terraced deposits occur aliove the shores of Taku arm in the
valley „f Tutshi river. They aiv also found near Atlin lake, ,m Pino
• i.iMUK, r\r>\ \M» n.MiiA
II M
cn-,k, Fmirtli „( .lul\ . n-.k. ri<.i.-.iu cn-rk ati<i iiloim tli<' l"w«'i ilmk-.
of .M.Minr Mifiin »hil II.U. rn j. .,ik. A \fry n-iil(n t.itv«.f nins
|«itiill.'l I., til.- l.iit.lMHk rn.i l'r..m .Mini liiki- I.. Littl.- Alliii liikiv
'lilM iiiiitcrUI «lii.li !■ .iii|...-..-< tlu«<.r l.TtMii.-i JH u-ii.»llv liiii' -itnlv ■ l.y. I • iiii .-itfii
lli.Tf a|)[«-iir-> to I..' no u,-ii,-ni\ hoii/ni .it rmOu iimt. I'liiii- ur*-
t.Tri.fM or Inn -111., lit 10, ■.'(>. »ii. .-,(>. mj ami JlO t'.'ft at Taku unn.
• »ii l'iii» cri-il. till- |iiiii' ipul tiitiireH nr»! U-iwe.ri Ji(U itiid .'iiHj fc, i
iiImhc Aljm iakr.
T.'inir.w, ji, 1.1;,.,- «h.'i.' tli.y vvouM rialiiriilU !,.• foiirni ,i,.n 1 1„. II. f.l.r ,.)
Illollllls o| »ll. IMS UK' . ..IlllhOtlly I'otlllij ll|l toil iHliiht .!»' Kilt tr. f nUlM-
till- «iii.-nil l.v.-l ot'tli. Takii imu ami Afliii Ink.- i in l-'.imtli ot.lulv
creek «<H i|. I le.l teiTJlies .AiHt ,it a ln'i;,'iil ol I'loiii I.IIpO i.> l,:l()li
tV.I „l.ose Aliui ll.k. Mull tfirace, „|,l,,..ir to have l..e|, f.,||.ie.|
loiaJly mil to ]»■ xintiiieil to tli.'ir own vallevs or l)a«i(i-.
Ill III my ot the wi'ie i|e|jri'^,s,io|i' Wiiioli lea>i up to tlie s|,,|iiii^ nn
lari'U of IJiii .li-tii.t the lemiceil ile|.o,ii, ;;ive plai'. to more irieL.'iil.ir
banks ami ii.|;;es lontaiiiiii,' mii. h llievmie imlirinl ;is the fri n es.
Mu.li irreL'ular iie|iosit> were seen on I'm.., S|.iui., ott.raml MeK,,.
CT.iks to a h.'i-ht of I.MiM t.-.-t ahov.. Ai lin !..ke ,i.„i .,ii (',,., sol uion
or.'.k, an.l iIim ,Ji,iii( t ahait (ila<l\s la'.,, at ^oiii.'wh it lower i. leU.
r
il.lMMK, lAINV VXIi Fl.lKA.
I'll A.iilink;
\\ iii'U.
The cliiiiatc .,f tins .iJMlri. t is i arkahle for if.^- diytifs-t. The sum 'I'li .ite
liters of 1>'J'J and IHUt) w.^ip .-xii-pt ionally wet in soutii.'. n lliilj.ii
Columliia, Ijut tlie riiinfall ii. ihe Atlin district ilurini,' tlie-e seas..a- was
very light.
The ii.'c leav.'s Atlin lake aliout .lune I, after whirli oat.- iiii;lit
fros's are rare ill the low lyini; lake district. C'ol.l, prevailing.' wind-
come inland from tin- south-west, o\ er the snow covered Coast Uaii^e.
These winds are felt ino-t a|oni{ tin- !.'rea'er valleys imm.-diately east
of the Coast l<an;,'e. Th.- Acatlier in the valLv-i more inland is l.ri^rlit
and warm until the end of .S..pt.'inh.r. On .Iiiik- 17, IS'J'.", fre^-ii .snow
fell on the hills to within 1,00"» feet aliove Taku ,irm. On Septemlier
2 of the same year th.- tiist fall of .snow cover. -d the mountains aliove th.-
tiniher line, hut this did not remain. .\t the same date the tiixt autumn
frost, .sutJicient to kill tender vegetation, was oliserved in the Tt-slin
valley m-ar Calhreath post.
Aceor ling to statetni-nts made conri'inins; the winter climate, the Sn.w fall,
followinf,' information has been gathered; — Atlin lake does not c.>m-
II
„I»'
I-.'
vrr.iv KMTHirt.
I'lliiU
Wild fn
ll (I
(II II
i-> II
> II
II 11
I"" II
IK (I
it: t»
•jii II
M II
'.•.-I II
■j:\
7 'I
.11 II
■-••.• <i
17 «
ii. -I
M
lilHrly fn../.. ,.v..r l„ r.ir.. J.,um,y I. .\l«.ut two t., Hvi. f.^t ..f ,now
'"' "'""« ♦'"' '•■'•'» "' H'" """i" i>*^'-n. Th..,.. i. ,» «,..„,..r fall i„ ih,.
Un,,«,i„Mr... ,„.„„.,ain.. TlM. ^m.h..,- „ ,„.Ml..nU..|y ...l,|. l,ri„h. „„.| cU.n A
r«-.,,.| .,r K.il.r.nl,..,f tH,„,».ramrP, w.w k-pt .lurin« Urn winter .,f |WOM
■'J'J. A Mihiiiinry iif thiM- I, nivrri li«liiw
AviTHiri-. M.OIIlllllll MlllJllllllM.
I.ii»i IriiK Noniiilr* r
l''ll>l lliilf Ihr.Milxr
I.U.I li.ill It.,-, |lll> I
Fir.t h.ilf .l;,i„,„i«
l.i"i h.,lf . 1,11111. ir\
Kir.f hiilf K. I.ni«iv
Till. .-..UrHi pi.ri.HU e.iir..,p„n.l with (!..*•. „f tl„. K.Hitfiiav .li-tii<t
in tlu. ium.. ymr. Tim wint.-r .,1 |!hM) i)| w„. u„u,u,i!iv .rver.., tlm
.<»ftnm an in oIIht parts of ('jumdii.
Th-I.iwlyirijr.li.iri.^t-. .il,„ut th.. laki- M.t.in ..I Tiik.i urn,, Alliti
Ink.. hikI Timlin lake .lo n..l apjiear l.i mMv inii. h li.„l l„.tw,.,.n .|„„„
1 and -. pt-mlHT I. (!ar.l..|. vi-,.t„l,h.. .,f tin- iMr.lirr ki„.|. will .row
fiirly wll, Th.Ti- i« ii.,t ,„,y un-ut ..xl.Tit ..f f. .til.. v.il|..y Imtt.mi ii,
tim Atlin.li,fri,.t, Criilitiiiiis app-ar ...*}.„( tnor.. t.iv...irahl.. in
• h.. iiriat vull,.y ..f 'IVslin lak.. wIht- tl... rainfall ,s appat-tillv yrrator
anil till' siiil |(.H-< .saiiily.
Th- ton ,t «r„«tl, H rall,..r li-h(. It is p,,nrip,.|lv .nn,p.,M.,l ..f
til.. Whit.. ,piuci., /'„•.„„//,„. MH„kM,u. pini.. /'un,. n.n.k^innn ami
nalKan. , .(/„>., h„U„.,..,) r.,. Whih, ,pru,,. is f..„„.| i„ ,J,,i„,p valh-y.
«n.l .,n stri.a.n .leltaM. It is th.. .inly r .,f vaw I,,!,-,. li.mk.ian
pine .l.ith.'s th.. lirv vallLVM, l„w sl„p..s ,,,,.1 i.tim. s up to 4000 tVot
ali-.v.. th.' Hoa ill >.i,„„ p|„...... |ui,,j,„ ,„, „...,„j,i,,, ,,„. ,„„,,,g^
r... ky ground near tl,.- tin.l,,., |i,„. up I., r.d.M) f,.,.t „|,„vo fh,. .sra'in a
f.'w pla.es. C..ttonw.i„.| .h.uih f..,nni..nly at th.^ in.mths „f .ti.'ain.s.
Whitt" p.iplar, r„,.nl„H ' „„Uvul,s is fairly i.on.iM.m .... llaCs and low
lulls. The mountain si,h,s at and above th.. tin.l...r line are often
coverwl with a thiek scruhhy growth of dwarf hir.h B.l„ln .,,in,l„lom
None of the ,.in... tir, tatnaiac. h..,nl.>ek or ....iar tre,..s common to
southern Itrui^h ('..lumbia w.-n- s.en in thewluil.. of this di.strict
Birch was ..hserv..,! ..nly on tl... e.istem fac.. of Taku mountains andut
Nakina river, in small i|uantitiex.
Th.- nativ fruits, f.nind m.)st ahun.iantly t..wards Trslin lak.. are'
l!aspU.rry, hla.k an.l red .-utrant, «oos,.l,Prry ami a dwarf cranlierrv
Vnccnd.nn Vili-lnon Cranh.Try, muske^'herry, an.alanchi.H- and
Ijlut'luTiy fire less nhundaiit.
->;rftrfcfc_
•viuia ,
OLACIATIOM.
13 M
H«»v«<nly iiitiK ■((NK'ii'a ..f pi tutu wi-.m lollrotnl iJurlHit lh». m>«m«iiii
i>f |h;»'.( tiui\ \'M)ii Tlipsi- lirtv.. Ih-<-ii <|-(.rtiiiiii«l l.v I'r.if, M».-..uii
Nftiiii* r»| theiM .i|i|><^.kr to Im' mm iiitii iHmmlily ri>-» li. siu-n. n.
Aniinul \\1i> U totncwlmt »<'«rw. Mimmu* aihI iiuiImj"! ur«» nm <. mi
unruiiiiitiiii. I'liPfH n|)p<>iii« t4> Iw two aiin ie>< .if iiiDuiiUiii •.h.'.'|. , om- ',',",',' i"'""
lii'iiiir tin- re.Mj{iii/,.,| UiMkv .M..nfitwir» Miririy -if tin- lir..»ni.h rolniir
•ltd l.ix li.irii-, tl tluM I, h^liirr in c..l..ur. TIh-m- ur.t . al|..,| l\„,% h,
th.* >iuiit»r« TliK bliuk lnMr U . ..inin.in. 'rii.» ».il\pi tip ..r uri//lv
Imar i« nUo fiitiiul Miirtcii it th«< .liji-f lur.
I'iirtriilK.- unil |.tnriiiij{nn a..- \iry a)iiiii>l<iiit \Vi|.| .lmk«, i^ivm.
iinii Mhl.iH »Hw .K.a iohilly w.,.n. Till' .•..mii.oii l.«m i< tl Inrf ii',',','!,,;".,,""'
watPi l.inl ..J ih., ,1,.,.,, |uk.'!i ..t the .li,iri.t. Th.Ti. uni two Npreu ., .t ''"'""•
|.t »riiiiv{i»n Oiii' nppMiiM to li\c i|iitin« till- Miiiiniir Hlt..«<M|„ ,• alniv.
thp liiiilMT lihfoti iJiK |,,kri' iiumiit iiii ni.Uw . i|,i, i, t|„. r«„ k ptariiiij,'nM.
It In niiiiitlcr aiiil ),'niyi)r iiu-otour llixii iln- olli«r sp.Mi.'H, wJiicli sim'iuN
th.' •^uiimior iiloiiK tli- upprr liir.it nf th.- tiinlH f,iti<l l.iu^li Tlif t',n..i it,-
IlilWitilt (if tlii>, „..-,)ii(l s[»vif, i-, ali.MK' the iip^MT (iat^ of tl,r tiiouiilHin
strisains atiioiiast a low niowtli of willows uikI i.iUniii Cir.
i
<.L\fIATIoN.
'I!. Tf i\r<' <liHt.iiic-t fvi<lrni<'8of u'la. i,il ai-lioti on lo, k -iirfiic.n at tlir
follow iiii; plai't'M —
'Joldcii (iati', Tiil<ii Jiiin, iiorlli ishorc ;
Takii inlet, atid i>'laridM of North hav ;
Tukil portaj;n, south front of tliu hill '()() fpi-t alx.vc thfl lakf,
Half a iiiilf woiith i.f Atliii 'own. on ihc »'a.Ht shore, and ii|on« fhp
western fai-o of Lina raiiyc to a iu>iKht of tiOO feet al.ovc ihf lake.
On the southern shore of Ter.sa island, ahm;; I he sides of the narrow
naps leadinj,' from Atlin lake to ihe f.«it of t>in rjewellyn -laeier.
Th« hi),'hpst observed eroled rock surfaee was on the southern r.|id
of tho U' Uoy lan^'e al>o\e I'larmiyan flats at a hei;.'|it of ahout ;t,(l()()
feet al»)ve Atlin lake or 5,-.'00 feet above sea level, (il.uial j,'roovin«
and polishini; was aNo ol,ser\ed on the limestone of Te>lin valley
noir CalbiuaUi post; eastwards of the divide iM-iween Atlin and Te.slin
lakes, there appears to have been a movement of the ice towards Teslin
lake.
The eharacteristie granites of Surprise lake have Ijeen disintpgrated
and transported north enstward, forininj; the j,'reat slopes und banks (if
drift about (JIadys lake and Cousolation creek. A Biiuilar movement
•■l.iriltliin.
\. ,;f .}
ti II
ULIM iHstbMt.
Tr*h«|«ir>
lirxttiii
li«tt»lil*r».
«|>p<-iir>i III liMUi liilif<n |iliit>i' iliirty titp iiiilr^ lo iIm' •<iuili ••n-.tAnnl,
• ln'M'liy th«' iMH'uliai Imiiilili ii>li> i(i hiiim ii< iKr mimiilrtiiin »r»l ni
lliirrti'aiM ri\pr lilt* Iwi-n tr.ui>|Hirii'il ndio* lh» l,>> Mi>y rt>ii|<< >»n>l
• I I'tikiiiiiKnn rtitu til KinlMir laki- 'I'lMTf w;i'< ii<i uli^rrvril ix < urri'iii**< in
•till ulf ilii-i liitriilil>'h<lir ^r.%ii\tt\ <>i»-.i iif iIm' llmri' iiiM- rivnr Tb*'
griiniii' liliM It* mill ImiuIiUt* now M-MMcml imit iIi)< \,i< Itny ri%nt(«
uri' •(•'(•.trul'il friiin tli>< ><|if>itr>'iit «.i|ii'« ii( oiifilily liy ii (alti-y (<\«'r
1 ,."in(l (ci"! i|i'i-|i iiii.l K>>vi|| lilllr iliKini"
III till* ilriiiims(<' •>f«»iii '<> Allin hik" it«»<if. iImci' lux f«'w <*vii|i'in'ii-»
ll( ((lai'llttiilll IIVi-l 11 |i'V"l "f ..','tOtl J.M'I .iIhiVI- llli' lltici' K'UHIUII IhillMiT'*
nri' iiiilv ii<'i''f>iiiriiillv iii"l with, iiill llii'<i> nrx w> II iMili>il<-<i lUi'l illicitly
ttMii|Miiii<<| itt itii Hi'iili iir liiii irv i(i.kiiil>« <* lii< li, ■>•> ('ir n-^ iili«fr\i'<l. iI'x'k
tiiit I*)!!*! in tliv iifitfiilKiurliiKxi. rii<*rK uri* i»l.i» ntiiiiiliil |»-l,lili"» nf
Jll«|«'l hImHi' lIlH '.',"<"' (•"•I llNfl. Til** I'll ■«• 111 •■ lif lltl'«l' lMlllllilT< <l(
(•ilillly iIiIIhm'IiI liiiitiM'l>kl il|Hiii |)ri»lt'« I iiii|Mi-.i'i| III' |Hii|>liiiiiiir iiH-ki limy
M'Miiii Miiiio |Niiiit 'ii It r<-uiiiiiiil tfliu'iNlMiti. .MiMitii Mitilii ri«>'> ihii-dtv fimii \t|iii
likkx ittui lln' ■.iiriiiiiiiiliii;; lltl-i III It h ii,'lit ii( l.ii.'iO fi'tt iili<i\> the lukf
lt« tlilllk* llll< rillll|l' ii'll III' II hill hllli Mill' lllnl III' L'l'tlllll'' III" UI'I'tT
|,.*Hii fi>('t in li lull iilili'iiili' piiipliyriti'. I'l'lilili'i mill Imiiiilrni uf (hi-
m-iilir jintnili' uiiil |if>|ifi, mtv wril riinniliil, tiii> »i'iii i'ii(lit up to ihn
jii'iik Tliii pt'.ik i>< mil' iif till' lii'.'hi'tt iti till' iliilriil.
Till" triliiit.iry \iilli'vi wdirli jfinl ii|> fruiii tlii* ^t«»i»i iinrih mul
iKiulli litki< oyvlmii iiit'i thr tliipinK i<|ititiiil« of thn inountniim lM'ti*i'i-n
. Villi! ixul Tf^liti liikri. (Ill- iifii'ii luMvily li'iiitii'il \l>i(\«> li li'vcl iif
nliout liOO t'i'i't 111 I'mi" i-i'i'k viilli-y, tlii-^i' liTriiri-M «i»i' |il tea to riili<i'n
ami lumpy liilU. Tlivi- itpp««iir IkIw ciiiii|N>M«>ii itliiiiHt i-iilirt' ly of Iim'hI
rn'k iniilprinl, TIutc it itii nfciitiiiii il ({i;initi- •miiiIiIit, -.iii'li nn is fiiuiit!
on tht' sloiH's iiliiivr. Oihi'fwiit it muy Im> miiil tlm ni'it'iiiil in Iih'«I
ami kIiicIiiI. It cuntiiiitH urrat of iHiuliliToliiy, fnltt- lutlilrtl |{r»vci«,
ImiuIiIith iimi miiKJM, itiiil niiinili-il irri'iriiliii' riil^i'-i nmi liiiMiiinK'ky tiilU
forniin); n. ili>ptli of si-verul liumlrcil ti-nt inHniin' piitti's upmi llii> viilliy
lii'cl rmk iM'npiith. Theoxiili/wl gruvfls and iHtl-rock of ii pr(< uiitciai
rfpre-i'iittttiv« of Spruce cri'i-k iiiiiy >h> cwn iHiu'ittli itWuiclt'n nf lOUto
2M0 feel of drift iinttiTiitl fioiii Piniii-. point to Disi-oviTy cliiitn.
It Kt't'niH piolMiliIi- that tlip jiliicinl di'|KtHits of the pri-npnt vallfys
and uplandi U-lony to it jxriiMl iii"r«! inodcin than that of the poxitilile
ro^ionul uciion wliich im-ludi-d tliP highest peaks. Ivcxal glaciers of xome-
what thi' satnechanu-ter an the pri'si-iil Ciiii>t Uan^'O n''*<''<''"'* '""> ^tuvo
tilU'd thf)*f broad vnlli'yji, leaving the peaks isoliit(>d aUive the ice field*
aH they are lo-dt»y on the great Llewellyn glacier south of Atliii lake.
Ti rriuiil
vitlli'V".
I'riiliitMi'
iiii>i|i'riit;li
ili'|Mit«itii.
ti'itti
Tlw.r« i . |»,*..,„,. I,,,!,. ,..« I,,,,..,. u.i»..,„ ,h„ rl,^, M.Hf „f ,(„.
|.r-«.|.i uUhr I. .lu. |„r(j,„« U.tf,. ,,.,.„.„i,r. .,*U.ui.|..,.. «f4...| «„.!
'•'"" '' *■•''•"" '"»>«'••- '""' All.., .....I Ml.,k.. UU.. h„. »,.|,..Ml
•him I,. -^ „,, n.rra..., .,r t.'rii.ui<tl ..|..r«i...., ,., ,,„v ur-ni ■•U.-mI T»." •■'
l.ln«..|lvn «|.„i.,r ri,... .„ , „,,„, „..,,, .., „.„ „^., _,,,,^ ,. ^^ ^,^^ - ,
.»...h.r„ .„.| ..f .\.l.„ l,.k.. Th.- «. ..I.. ..r „...,., ,.., „... „,„ ..„„„,
f«-. ... ,I.MU.J,- I, ul..u' » . ,.f.rr «» „ u,. „.,. I
IV.».|>.,t.,„ «|.„ „„,., „.„^ ,,,,^^ ,,.,,^^,.^, ,,_^_^ „,■ ,1.1,1 ,<.y .t .,«.k J,
th..,. '.. .|,M, „„.| ,|.,.i u „„.,..|„., f,.„„ ,....r Ih.. (■....li. ...K.,! al"
T,.ku nxr ,„ Atl„. Uk-. ..r ,.Ih„„ .;.. „.,i..,, |,..u,.,| ,„„^„„ ,„^
from It... uTfnt .,...*. ft..i.l |...v,„« H..I.. ..rr.d..., ..< .„..«y ,k. (,....
iM'lWPfri ittiMII
""•■'"« *""""•••■ •' "'•»■•■ '•' •I." J..... n-,.. ,.,f,..M. „ IM..I
''"':'"' '""' """"'"'• **"' •' """"I T ., .M,u.y .u.r......r.,.,„^
of dm, wM.r . ..,, f.„ ,...,. 1... .1.1.. .1.,, ,|,.„ .I..S. ..,,.1 „ r..v ......
'"'''";" ""■"" " (•'" "P"-l i« ....|»..mM.- il.„ ,i,,|„.„,,
l«. 1* .It... I.I ij.i.v.h . ..wxiM.'. ..r ll.P ll.«.r l„.,M.,Mli.
«;,..al ,„„.„., „r ,.„,«l. I,|.«k» .» „„k U.ul.l..... ,„.|.t,i, „.| „„„| \|.,
•KVUr «, WHi.. ,n...|,.l .,..,„».„., d.l, I I,.,. „1 „„„.,.„, ,1 ,,„,k
r...Ut«r«r...lu«lly.|..„...,..|,,., „... f„ .. .,f ,,,.. «|...i..r „.,„...., ,.,mIi,
''"I"'"*'' "' •'" ' '•■•'^'"if M-l.M-Mt.. ...r„„..,.l .....nu,,.-,. I.at..,„|
'"'"■'"" ■'-■""• ■" -»'"•"• l"""!^ "f ll..M„..u.M..,„, ,., |,i„|. as titlv ,,..i
aU.u. tl... ,,r..«,„ ,..,f«.-.. .,f ,h. i..,.. n... ,„...|i,., „u,rau,.: .-..nt.,.,...
.« .I.irk ........u, l,„.., f.r i,„„ ,1... wi,|.. M,.,w,..v..r.-.l «,.,,, lH.t»....„
tlu< |M>aks.
Th« i*,.,inK x'n....... ,,.|,..«r t.. I... i„ iI.hkI „, ,1 ,„i „( .j„|y -i.,,,,^. ,__
carry i..ucl. «„„l, which «..„,, ,., l«. fl||j„jj „,,,,,„ „,,,^^ .,,. ,,_,. ,. ^^"^ .„.
by wh.d. ih..y h.iv.. ,.„t,„n,-.. i„„. Aih., h.k.- h„.| ,s|.,k,. lak.- TImt..
II UHUully ,l„ ..XI.M.MV tlHt s,>i.|,|,.,| with ,.^1,1,1,., lK.»wn..,. th.. ou,l,.t „i
the rivr .1 thB Klmier fnml ai.d iu «.»...ly enti.u..-,. ir.to ,h.. Uk.«.
Tho „u,onty ..f ,h,. ,H.|.1.|..H arul Ihm.M.t. aro «mnite. Kr.-..n.U.,.r
porphyry uii.J .,uartz. thoir .fhilivo ul,u,„l,„i,e Um„i: i,. t\u- nnh-r t:n,u'
lUi.
■.I.I ..f
I.. 1.1
iliK
ltl|4.
m
m
^
'iKSKKHAI. lilSOl (|i;r.
Thp principal >;.-<.l..«icul f..rni;iti..ns of the Atlin .iistiict haw
provifcionally dttssifitHl as f'.liciws, in nalural .sc.
ImH'Ii <;. M.i.il
luooc, theo!.i..,,.(i,.«,. *^;il,;'^;:;^,.^,_
aft J'* .
|«titM*<iiini <•
«tl,l* Itt»tlili1'
l'4ll.-.( Itl llil* ft.|»,rl iIm' l.tM.y.,,,,
. I..»rty f..«.,.l ..Ih.«, ,»^ ,h.,r... „i ..„„»H.„. T.,l.« ..,.1 All... Ukr. vi...
r.U.«l ... .».,. ,..,.|...M.». «l.,.h *r.,,,r.K|*,r... ,HM,,hvrv •,,.| „.,|. ....
«un».
*"'" •'"»••«"' "' i..or.- r«..„,t f..r„„t.o„ .(,,♦., .hr ,,»...,„ v„|(^v
«> "Irm. '
••,.„. ..rn.r.K .1..^ r..k, . U,^| „, |.„|,,„, , ,„„y ,^, .^„, „^^^ ,,^^^
fm..,.| u.„lrr .„,Ml,ir . .m.l.i....,, ... U... .„.«.. «.„|| ,r„ ....rt, ..f |tru,.h
• '..liiiiiliiji. •
M.
••■k.
,^ T«l.u irm ,....1 I,... I.. All,,, lak- ..,.• ,,U.r,| „ H,.- l',.rtH„.,r..n.u. .y...,„
Tli..|H..ul„.r.-|,..r.j. ,,u.iri/it«*..rr «l«. r..,n,.l •.«» iai...| *ji|, i(„.m. I,.,...
-» .n... h. .„|,^r ,.,.ru . f ,1... ,,r..Mr,... „„.| ........tul* ..,.,. ..f ihr ,„„„
U.,-. ..f (!,.■ <'..-l,^ «r.-.-li «0ri... .,f ||„. K.iii .|., ,|„.,.|.
'''' ■'''"'" •"''•■'■ ""•> "* •"•"■- '" I— •"«r..,« .1..V..I..,. ,„. „..,., ,„^
.■o,..a.l .,f ih,.,.. ol.l.r r.K-k, m,l, ,|,.. ..,«. ur..,„..., ,i„,| H,,.,, i„,i«t,.,|
r,|,r«....,uii,„„ fu..h.-r i„U,„| Tl,- | uliar n„.| l.,..,tl «i„|,| ,..n,.. „f
»Ut^r ,u,.l „„i«no.i.i„ r.H■li^ . hl«(Iy ...„fi„,.| t.. .(,.• hnM.> ..^ h.,« .riok.
< evuln-Htly oilier tliiii, thi* KrAiiiU". i.f i|„. <|i»trict.
Th.. M.-M.Z.,,.. r.K-k. *..r,. m.wl,#t„ «.,.„ ,„ ,li,«., .,,„(„.., with the
Pal,.../,,,,. f..,hirtli.„„ TlLMr-riiir. ., ..hi-ily iK.,«.,u. .in.l th.v .,fi..„
|..»». i,„,.,.r...,,til,|y fr.„„ M «..lim. .U,i, V „„.| „nuift...j form ihto il„.
.....untain ,„ t,„.« „f ,«.r|,l,yn».. an.J .in.Uit,. Tl... few f,v.HiU f.mnd in
..,....• ..r ihr 1m.,|.1.'<I «,ir.d«toi,P, «,,,«.«,. t,, U.|..„K to ih.. Jura«i.. ,,«rio.l.
Tl.r .li.triol .il,..w« Bvi.l.n.'.- .,f coi„i,|,.ri»l,le vol,«,.ii; .i..|i>it.v ami
-.on..- Kr««f .i.HM«., „t ,(rfc h«v.. Ih.-,, f.-rm.-.l m...., I'«I..../...c ti,,,..,.
F.,v«i| ..^ i.lo,,,.. i« v,.ry M ar rf, «> tl...t ,„or.. can U Naiil of tho chamc-
iHri.ti.Mof th..^« r.irl<« tt.n,, „f th.-ir .ik^, t.xr..,,tin« rf.lnt>N..|y. Th..
v«ll^y« rm.t«iri pr- Rliidii! Krax.U in mM.>« insUr...... Ai,<l id .„»ny of
thf !ij;,'l,cr <lf|.r«M..ionM th«> tirifl in h1h« wii|.>4|jrcaii.
t..C.«l,. ir.-.k /o/,r,nn„- Tl,c «,>•„. ar.H- an.i moiiMtHJii rnasse- of rhertj .|Urtr(j!He
<in.l orystHJJii,,. lii„,.sio„.. „,,p,.a,. to have ,„u,h n.«.,„l,Une.- t<, the
• K,iMil.M,|« i„;i,, .1„.,,| ,,. ,7. f„,i |i Annual H.-|«.rt V..|,Vll.
Kr.'KI'.
••<UM !
•••«»|I4|, •■ir)Ul»t
IT
« Vlw Cnmk KfMii) ,4 III* ■H.Milntni tni»ti * u( \ltiUmh « ..JmwU* TIh«
ttR>«iit<«ti«> «»tiU?< t| |»'<»r« l«i li»» <ii«ifiirMtiilit«i »ilh III.. .|M4rOU» <in>t
lt» ii«»ftk« M, .-.Hiutn- Ktt^ulifw 4n<i t>M l»wi» |.l«.>ii »t ih«> «'*»t,4,
lltt.f r»tMMi<-l hilU •imI >l'm. not f.M'in »• ry iiti()..»i4ni tnmt^f Tlurn ,.
• wiib t4rtu(i.»i in til* iWlil 4.|nKi .,r ih»..' (riil.ln tl.Miiy l»i.ir.|
.|U4ri/in... rr.mi « rtinly KMywii wtiil.' •|>|>r,ir4n>r l.mn i«lmo>l rnrlniti
»i".Mt, .Imtr Irrt-KdUr fMll.hp, aii.| Uij,|, „| „ ^r.iv • ry,ti,||,n.« lii.i"
«l>m« <ii'. ur ill Ihn trai .hurtlikx rtrr.v. Ih.. i>,rl».tiii.r..u- ^nrlnty
ii|t|M><tr« to o luiB <mM <rif th* |{.il.Mip.irui« r.«k« mi Wiiuht «n<l
irtlirr >-rrvk: ..lh.>r«t<« it in mU o( i".'..!!.!!!)!..!! ltti|H>rf|||t.'« ... frti «. It
prrwrit |ir.(-|»'. l«l A «iii. r.»K-..|ji.' ><««iiiinrtii.>h ..f ili<. . Iwriy »i»ri. ly H. ...It -i
*r»tM III.. tn»„n»..| fi»„,. 1,^. ji^ ,, |,j l^u„y „f M.ii,!| r„ivBr..iiv "'"'•<'•
Kitn* till* iiilloMrinu rbiiri»i'liir»*ii>^
•A <Urk jiray itinty rii< k iOM.|»m.«l of , rypio . ry^t.illin.. .|n^ii /
HuMiiiiM llmmifl t.« (Inn i(r.iitn«l iiim. hi nil .|ir... »,„im itri<«niitll Mint
• if.|ui»ri«. Tln«« ft-n iiiitt«titm<Ni» >trt>nUr|f0 fiM^nimg |MH'k>iii of im>
Kulitr or "Vitl oumnn Tli.' .|ii.»r»/ i* K<<ti."mllv clmr ..r »lainw| with
iron or mrlionncMrti" pii^mpni '
Thi»i*«U»MNl a< •» p>r.-U.iii. nak. aii .,. i.l tu«! roin|M»f|r.| |,y
^•(NiiHliiry ■ilicft uml i« citJiiHl hkllrtlin(«.
r.«tk K.ui ly whii'ti i- iii..i.»
iv>'" in followx • K^lri-
X'lil ItMit'ta lullnltllliij in
I' 'uni of kiuiliit lltrouKli
A nm r>»«<iipic <ti><<tion of tli^ Wri«»
'■(tiUinncfou'' iiml utitil** likt* in a|>|H>
ini'jy till.' ui'«intMl, ithiKMt i rypio rry*
Hrrnt part ui i|ii4rt/ with » KulHinlti
which .irf ^.'n many vpih, ui ,|ii«rl/ lttotit.> m .■..nM.l.til.l- nn.oiini
\» in roiin.l.'.l umin. ami in IoiiimI «II through the nm«. I'1..,h hr..iMii
1^ hrwwn 4ii<l li;<ht yrllow A f,.* ^.r,un, of p.il,. uri-en .hloritf »n.|
yfllowixh hmwn littinniti. wen- nUo ni.tiil
Th" .li^trihution „t thi-> .||..rty .|iinM/it.., i* v..ry wi.l,. m th.. Atlin ' t. lu
ilixtnct U-iwf.n Atlin an.i T.-nhn Ink.-, ( '..n.ol.ition irr»'k, tli- Iwoin '"'"""
of(ilH.|y» lak.' nml rivrr, I'tarnii^.m t!,t«, Huni. « rivir, ltit|>i,|
Ki.y .Tf.k iinil Su.k.T rivrr. All .Inun slopr, whi.h nn- f..r th..
inn,i part .|U»irt/itio Th.. wi.h- upl.ui.i. ..r Ami.. m.M.r. ,.(M,ut th..
hcu.l wftt.TH of Terra hrt-nii 'iikI (>l)onri..| rivtrn nr- iilso .|uurt/iti,
Th« ;rrariite!. of .Surpri^^ lukf, M.;Mast. r mountain ,in.| l!..uM,.r pltiin.
ttro in <liri>.t .-ontuct with this foriii.iiioii A fVw intrusions of urtMjic
stoiio ,i1m. cut throujjh it tilH.ut th.. hi-id of O'Donnel rner.
' f'- -".t"^
.5
-A
M
]K II
Ml. IN LIMIili 1.
'•'■"'•rally KKtkini,' Uh... ,,..„rt.it..s ,„..v Ik- sai.l t» (!..„• tl..- wlw.le
■■t il..Ml.,.n... I«.tw,...n At!,,. a,„l T,.,|i„ UUs ..xiv,,t,n« wh.-r.. tl...
«r..M.r..„. .,f |;u,, «,,.„„.. 1..... i„,,,„,,.,,. XI... small HiVHs ..,• U...
' ■•i«IS.nrsl...,,,.,..,,Ki,.nusiv,.,.,.,l..lla,...ori«iuhav..Hlso,l,sUirlH.,|
'"';'''"*;'"• '" ^'"•'' I'l"-- ''^ '""■ I'i'.i un.l J..|.„.s..,. ran«.. a„.l
■It ( illkul.l.i ,,| Mcllii, lliou.lluiliv.
MiMlllt.ttti
cryxlilliiM
Uiiii-i
I'll.' I.n,..sl.,n..s torn, ,:m>i.uu«u. in..i.„t,.inM I- tl... s.mtli <.f Tiiu, 1,
ik. aiMi vwr.. „l.s..rv...| un,| .i..„.nl».,l ,„ ,|„. Yukon r..,,„rt ..f IMH7
t'y l>r. l».iWM,„us„....urri„.,- al..,,.; tl,.. e,.., si,..,- uf \,,kv l.a\,vv'v
^'"7 i'r.. usually ,|uit.. ..ry„„ll,„.. au.l funn .solul whllo ,n.,u„„u„
raM.,..s.„, l.,.il. M.I..S of Ta^u nn,> ,„.. iw.utv.lw. ,„.i,. -outhwunl
•rou, la„sh lak... A short ,!.,,,„,,. ,..„,,, ,.,• .,.„^,,,i ,,^^,. ,,,^ „^^.
.•.■tst..n.lM.,vMWMisHs|,,,r,,lvJH;n.Mlrn„,acM^ ,„,k
';'""".'■;' '">■ -"■"'■■"^' • '''"^ '•■""■■'^•' nins nor,h.,.ast.-rly p,ol,al,lv up
".- «..!.■ v..ll..y orru,,in nvv, an.l sou-h ,.H.t..,ly ,vl..n« tl oith.-n.
Il.mks,.t |,.ku u,...,„lainsi„ ||„. .i,.i,.,ty of Allin lakr. Tl,.. li,,,..,,.,,,,.
I"--.I,,M 1., tot!,,, noith.-ast. Th..,l„.f,l..v,.|o,,u,..„t ottlMsf„nua
ti-m striNrs otr to tl..- .M-l H,.n,ss l,i,,|,. At!,,, lak,- t,.WHn|s T...li„
riv.T. AnotlhT ui.m. or l.~s .•onlii.uous |,..|t „f 'n,..si.,n.- forms
."-..nUiM ranj...s „,.rtl. of (.|)o„„..| ri^r „. tl... Jol.„.,.„ ra..-..
Ill.'lli..' ^oulll .•H,slwa..Js t,,, till- " '
Nakiiia iiM..s. Ft ;
the sa;ii.' foniiutii
liui.tioii ,,f (1„. Sih.r Siiluioii ai.il
••'|'l"-.i>'^ llial lliis l,.,tl..r .l..v..|o|,i....nt is als., ,„ut of
P'im>tiU
Ml..'.ousst,.,„..rs,..Ml ,,;.t.-l...s an. ..ffu ,,r..,s...,t i,. tl.,. Ii,.,...st.,„..
..tl....w.se, w.ti. ti... ..x....,.,i.,„ of a ft.w.lyk..s ....ur tl,.. sou.l.,.rn ......tart
^", ' "';■ "" "^'""-^ -' ''''^'<" ■"•'-'- tl'i-' li.".-sto.... is „o, „„,,h ,liv,.,.si-
li(.(l ...r l).nk..|i up lociljv.
Tl"-' only f"ssil f..u.ai..scoli....t..,i W...V so,,,.' ol.scu.-,. ..oral ,„ul ..rinoi.j
♦ofu.s ()„ Ml, ..vi,i,„,.p of fusuli.,,,. ..oil,...„.,l l.v I,,, |,,^„,„„ , „.
'•".•:..s a... p!a.-..,l i„ ,1,„ .•,.,-l.o„if..,.„„s, n,.,l toj-oth.-r with tl u.rt/it.s
an.lso.,,.. ,.,•upt.>^..s show a st.-o,,^; ,-..s..,„l,|,.„...,. ,„ ,i„. ( '....h.. C',.e,.k
t,'iou(. , souih.Tii I'.ritish Coluiiil.ia.
rilK ij)|.l) SKIilKS.
cs
s.
K..-k.,.,.;„M F„..l,.,|,..l „. th..,..,..,. Miol.lS..,-i,.s .,...th.M.h,u •ct.TisticnK.k ...ass.
whul.lo,... ,l.,.i.,vsins of tl... p,...s,.nt F>'".lu.liv..^.„l,M„,,,i„.c.r....ks.
11... ch.,.t ro..k,s of this sc,i,.s ur.. ...rtain „.a;-„..si,,.. for..,s a lat.-r
an.l partially ,l..vitrili...i -r.-eiiston,. ; r.n,i two vari..t..>s of slat.. The
...agnesian n.cks an- <lu,.i... (Fn-n.lotit.-) .„a«n..sit,. a,.(i s..rp,.|.tine
1
iteiii
^^Mm^ i_^J^.
awii.uM
TIIK (iOI.Ii MKUtKM.
I:) M
Th. M|,lt,.s HIV l,i,.fit,. ;m.| m-lilM.lit.-. Til.- ,iU<- ofth... ■■ks w
l."t ktii.wn. Il IS ,,r..l,at.|.. ,h,il H,,- ^latrs :nr I'al;. u/..i,- ,iu.| r,-UUi\
U, th,' rli.Tly .|iKiii/it.-,. Thr mai;n..M.iii r.«k» ivpnMcit iin.iMnl An ..„i
v..l,anu' iMti,,M»,.s S,m f ,|„.,„ ,„„,. i„. .,f |.,, ^„i,. „^„, ""•""^•■
TlicvH.- h..u v.Tv iiiih'li .l.vo..,,M,s...| ,„„| .,ll.Tr,l from llirirori^iiml
fori,. ,1,1,1 .uiislilut,.,,,. Til.' iil.;;,.U„u- ,ir.' V IL'.'. tii.ih II,,' ..lll.T
lll.'iiil«'|....f til.. s,'riHs. T|„.v „|,,„.,ir I., I... "jHt.r tliaii tl„ Suq.iis,.
Kiik.' «rai.il.. wlii.l, 1,,,^ ,li.(,nl,..,l ,i,„| l,r„k.'.. up th tli.'i
iid'HiIhts.
Ill III.' x.ili.'v „i I'ii,.' . r.'.'k Ih.'ivan' riiiin.'i<,iis,|yk.'s .ind ...m,. sin.ilj
im'iiM ,)f(li,,iit,. ,iss,.,'i,it...| piin, i,„illy with Mrp,.,,! ,,„. .iiid ,|,ii.it.'.
'J'lif (li.iiil.' Mi.iy l„. rt'liit.'.! in ,>ri-,„ to the i.'ic.-ri-toii.-., tli.' latt.-r li'-k- •*
ivpr,.s,.nti.iK tlu' lo.ks |,.,| „t th.' sminr,-.. Tlii- l'iuu|. of r.Hk> i.i '^""""-""
Itself, Urtu'ly, if n.it .'iitii-.'ly ,,f igneous oii«ii,, has uikI.t;;..!.!. much
(i-^sufinn, '""I min.'n.li/.ili..n, ,lue to th.. ii,tnisi,,i, „f jat.'r ipi.'ous
niavsos, such as the maiiit.' of Suipris,. hik.. aiul th.' K.v,.,iM,,ncs.
Th.T.' am strong, well .|,.|i„,.,| tisruir v.'ins cr„ssin« th.- a.tiiiolit.' slates
nn.l the Kf.'enst.,,,,'. Tli.'s.' .•,.„tam ,,uart/ an.i th.' sulplii.lcs ,,f inm.
l.'ad and .•.)pp, r, and ar.' not. as far as ..hs.'iv.'d, .,f hi^li value in ->!<!
or silver. S..III.- 1,111.',. iir.';,'ular nuiss.'s ..t' a liaircn l.nikinji ipiart/ als„
occuf, atui anoth.'i- set ..f iiiinei'ali/.'d han.ls ,„■ v.'iiis v»l,ich c.uitain
irixeii .|uiitz and iiiaLjii.'.sil,. with ;;,il,l valu.-s theieiii.
In the ina.iinesiaii iiien.l.,.rs .,f th,' <!..ld Seri..s tli.-iv appears f. lie a
r.-seinlilaiic to the i-...ks ,,f |h.. ' M,.,,s,.hi,ie seii.'s ,les,.ril„'d l,y Mr.
1{. (i. .McCmn.'l* in Ih.' Kl,.n<jik.' .Jistrict. The (.istnl.uii..,. ,",t' tlie
Cold .Seii.'S lH.y,„„| th.. I.asin „f j'ine cr.'.k is v.'iy limited. Th.'
typical actinolit.' slates an,] iiia-iicsiaii varieties ar.. f,,uii.l in a small
area s„ulh of (iladys lak.. at IJn.wi, Dom,. an.! tli.'v also ,.ccur in
patclK's on the w.'st.'rn slior.. .,f Atlin lak.' n.ar Tak-i" piirtaj,'.- at the
bus.. ,,f Atlin 111 miilains, and <,n Taku inlet w.'st of the Taku
mounlaiiis, S,.r(».ntiiies and -miistunes ,.c,-ur about McK.'c cr.'ek
and to the soutli.'ast in th.' Cliikoi.ia or Merlin mountains.
The charact.Tisli,. nicks ,:i the (..,1,1 Series may I).' .lescrilH-.l ,is
follows : —
A<-tinolit>: .s/r,/,,,_-Tlics,' .Mcur principally t.i the north ,.f Pin.'
or.>ek about th.' bains ,.f hireli, l;„„lder ami lUibv cr.'eks. They are
not apparent to th,' .s„utl. of "'ine cn-ek. Their pJsitioii app.-ars to be
close to the conta.t ,,f th,. (;->ld .Seri.'s with the gr.anite and they lie
between it and the <l .ni.c, s..,p,ntin.., etc. The structure is more ..r
t|
Ac'iiri,,!it.
-lat.'.s.
* S\iiiii,i:irv li. |i..rt . :
sill \. ( ■;,l|,, IS'.I'.I. |,. |:l.
9'
20 II
ATLIN DIHrKKT.
Micnw
••■<tiiiii«
iijHC
of.
iMlliiti'.
MicrofCt
'*r<'ti<m
!.•.« b«,ule<l imt is never ^latelike, tUv fmcture or joii.taKe KivinK
.inKulur block.. Al>.v.. the fcrk« of Mini, creek they have » well-
d.fiiiwl ea.-*t ami-west strike and dip t<. the south.
On Birch and IJ<.ul.lpr crerks thene rocks have supplie,! the c«inie
K".l«l of the streams. Thry have somo low j-rn-le mineral ..-ins and
outcrops of ,|uart/, t«Keth.T with some p,itcl.r. of thr peculiar granu-
lar and friabl.. limestone characteristic of these rocks. A microscopic
.-.ection of a specimen from Moulder creek i> descrilM'd ,i.s follows :_
'The greater part of the rock is made up of a mesh-work of tabular
and acicular individuals of pale-i;reen actinolite. b,.tween which are
Minall grains of felspar. Included in this matrix ure large and rather
clear areas of irregular outline. Between crossed nicols these are seen
to t)e made up of a mosaic of felspar grains, twinned according to the
alb.te and j^ricline laws. The grains vary in size from those easily
distinguishable to almo. crypto-ciystalline. The felspar i.s albite A
considerable amount or magnetite in small grains is assoc-iated with
the actinolite and also as very small inclusions together with actinolite
needles in the felspar areas.' Several sections of this actinolite slate
i,'ive somewhat similar results. There is usually a f.iir amount of
maj^netite present and in some cases zoisite.
DuniO- (/Vr/7„//<^).-This is another very cbaracteristic rock .f the
(Jold Series, h ha.s a >u-,ir grained texture and ri sjteenish col,,,,,- The
weathering is usually brown and rugged like a ferruginous dolomite,
but IS sometimes smooth and white like .serpentine. It is an alteration
product of p.'ridotite and is usually more or less serpentini/ed.
The following is a .le.scripti.m of the thin secti.m of the rock from
Lina ranv'e. ' Tlie constituents are olivine, serpentine, tiemolite and
magnetite.' This .specimen i.s much altered, containing a lar-e
amount of the last three minerals. The olivine individuals remainin"
are clear and much cracked, the cracks being broadened and filled
with light yellow or c.lourless fibrous serpentine. The magnetite
occur.0 in strings of small grains along the border between the olivine
and serpentine or in larger grains throughout the serpentine and
tremolite. Treiuolite occurs in considerable amount in radiate and
sheaf-like aggregates. Its cleavage is well marked and a transverse
parting is common.
i>isriiihi;rio\'.
Distriliiilii
The dunite was observed only within the basin of Pine creek and on
Brown Dome, south of (ila.lys lake. It occurs along the northern
iiiitta
.%^^\ML'mi^mKt^2i^ .jikM^m
omium.
MAfiNKHITK.
M H
flank ..f I,inf» inounUinn ii.ime.Jirttply to the south of Atlin town
.llv.in l',neCrP..k valley aM,o.i,a.-l with s..rp..,.,i,„. „„,) mu-neMte'
FoUowinK .1 Kf.H-nil ,lir,.cl,.„. a |,t,l.. north of .-ast, it skirts the
fioutluTu ll.ink of .Mi.nro inouiitHins, th. nc; eustwiird t-. Uul.y cro.'k
n.-ar its month oi, th.- prorii.,ii.ory ovPrl.Kikit.K S.,r,,ris,. jakv InitH-.H-r.
I{oui(l..r and Itul.y civ,.k.. It is hIsu found to ih. northwani alon-
thelMsins of llouhh-r. Mirch luul Iful.y m-oks. At th« h.'a.l .."f
lluhy cr.'..k it forioi nijuntain n, isses but is h.-iv rut oil' l,v
the Surprise Lak.- yranil.vs. It r-ap,„.uiH iwlve u.ilos to the .-ast-
wanion liiown Do,,..., and its hroui, weuiheriny -uv.. th.- name t.,
that iiioiHitai,,.
MA.;vi:siTE.
I!,o«„.«,.atl,..,.i„g,,ut.,ops „( thi.s r.Kk .u-.ur alon^« th.- ^horr of
Athn lak- „..ar the n.oulh of P,,,.- cn-.-k, aUo on Taku inlH w..>t of
laku mouninms. It is m.-t with i„ sn,all-r a.-.-as ahoui th.- head ,.f
McK.-c ,iv,.k, alM, on th.- mountains l«.twe,.„ |t„hv, lioiild.r and
ISii-h i-r.-,-ks. ri.i.s r<,ck, whi-,. i,. largr masM-s, is u-Jally .■m'.I..d l.y
the pir,eii.e of numerous -juart/ v.-i,,, and .sirinj;.rs ol small m/o. It
is also n>..re or l.ss ii„pr.-.,'nafd with pyrites, as at Anaconda
group of riai.ns „ear Atlin, wh.n- there is .i Imn.l of t .is roek over
l.dUOfeet wi.U>. This \mn<\ lies l.etweeu mixed dunite and serpen-
tin.- whuh appear to b.- .|uite unaff.rte.l l.y anv shatt-rin- .,r min.--
rahz.iu.n. Owin- to the presenc- of gold values in th.- ma-nesit.- of
the An.iconda claims some stu.ly has heen nm.le of its oomposili.u.
An analysis made for M,-. Hr-.mley of the Ni,„rod syndicate ;,mv..s
th.- following result!! : —
Magn.-sia •'!-(,
Protoxide of iron ."> lO
t-'art'Otiic acid "7 •00
'^'''^•'\ ]'r. >\S
Coiiihined water and loss. o -,-j
100 OU
-Som.. of the .p.art/ st,-in,s,'ers stain.-d apple green assayed us
follows : —
<-'"I'P<-''' traces.
^''"'^'^■' l-")per c.-nt.
*'"''^' 1 dwt. pertonof 2,2101hs.
\l.,u'n. -,'
M,.,l,.,,|
\!l..l\>l- ..f.
II
'.f
0')
MI.IM lilsiTHKI.
m
f ::
1
•"^i l|'< lit nil'.
• ;rnii>ti.iii.
Alien i^c'upic
ili'iiTi|itiiiii
l)i-tiil)iitic.[i.
It..i„ « M.ri.-4 of hol.s ,lrill.-.| ,icT,m. thU wi.l,..x,H,sur.. of ,,„.«t,P,it..
Kold v»lu.« w..n. alwuys f..L.,„l, H.„„e ,.f tl.^ n.oro oxidimi portion^
«.mj{ n.l. „. «„l,|. |{,.„,.,ul, il„. Kurfttr.. ..xi.l.ttioi. th« vulu..s ,ire
lower. Tli.T« i. ,i„ eM.I.M.t .■..nc.fiirati,,,. i.. ih.< u|,p..r ..xi,li/,.,|
|H.rti.„... A Kr'-n .•..l..,.i,i,.„ ,„u.illy ,,r..s..„t i„ thene f.-irif..rou«
n. iKUMil... .. .lu.. t., lh« .•l.i»,,Mf,.r„...s .nio.,. fudiHit... not cirlK.nul..
of ni.kel ,xs ,s . ommonly U-lieved. A p.ir.T ivory lik.- for.,, J
n.HKn...s,t.- o.. urs as ,„»rrow l.anjs or vein, ..ultinj. rooks other than
thost' of tlif (iuld Sprif^.
.V.ry„„/,„^.._Xl.i.s ruck forms a |.nr(i..i, of tl,.. Ud ro.k of Pi,,,,
cre.'k fro,,, Steph.,, dyke up to (iold Ku.i It app-ars to 1«. fhe
rrsull „t tl,,, drco„>iH,.itio„ of th.- ..riKi.ml oini,,,. r,«k>.. i.uw r..pre-
«'iit.(l l,y thr ilifferi'iit i,iaK,i.-Rian v.iri.ai.-s of tl,.. (;„ld Seric->. Its
colour varicH from appL.-Kri-..,, to all,lo^t Lhu^k. A i,-w thin
s-H.„s (Jiiuh/ of asi.estos w.-re observt-.J in a„ oorurr..,.. .- of this
s.-rp..nt,nt, i„ thv lana ra„„,.. Patch.,, of this rock oc. ur at the
head of Kuhy .•„.,.k, lirowti |>o,„,. and oi. Shite cnok and the ( hikoi.
.nounta.ns. .south «..st of Atlin. In the Chikoida n.ounta.n.s, it .s
..•h>H..ly tt.sso,iated with «.•, ..nston,. of the mhuic ch.uartrr as tliat ot
.MiKee and Sprue., cvk.s. No occu,renc.> of cinou, ,. o. other n.ino-
rahzaiion or vein structui., was «hs,Mv..(| in ih.. s.ip. i,tine.
f>r>-ensio,,e.^TUu is a liKht-K,-....n fr.'sh.l.Mjki,„ rock. It has a
n.nssiv.' dcnsf. appearance, soni.'tin,es with visihh> cystal forms and
sonictifne.s showing a How structure in hand specimens. The ompact
touKh nature of this rock has caused it to form a roun.Jed rathe,'
smooth h,.d-rock on M.Kee and Spruce er.-elcs. The principal Ik.uj-
deivs ot the p,esent strea.n-he.Js and also of the preglacial ones, are
of this greenstone. Mi.Toscopicaily, this ,f)ck gives :
^ ' A base of brownish isotropic glass, ait.-ring to a radiating til,rou.s
pr.Kiuct. which, .optically, resemble.«i a zeolite, but which does not
geiat.Tnze on treutni. nt with hy.lrocloric acid. ' As.sociated will, this
m s„,all amount is calcit,-. Pyrite in fair »,„ount is scattered
thioughout the glass i.i i,-,-egular g,-ains, but the .homl.ic dodecahe-
dron IS .,u.t.. a common form. ' This ro> k appeals to be a highly
altered ghvas, and was originally a lav;-. Mow.'
The distribution .jf this g.eenstone is •hi.tlv to the .south of Pine
creek in the valieys of McKee ami Spruce -•.eeks. It also forms the
pnun.nent .Spruce mountain, betwe.-n I'ine and Spruce creeks and is
seen along the Atlin lake .shore, north of Atlin town. It fo.ms a
contact with the granite near Fourth-of-July creek an.l appears to be
^1
a*ii.uM
N\M)jtTi»XK.M, <')Ni.r...MK|(viKj., KH
II y<iiui;;»r luik, li
ali)n« till) ••iinliu t.
it jM'ii.'U.ih'-. tlii, ;;ririii(' iti the (<i
>i (Ivitt
• ireHiiiitciin) of the sii
ifipo^ilf I'ourih i.f July
i.ir-rtii.r I-. ti.uiiil .III 1 1
Mill tiMCcll
II- ^^l■^r^•I■^ ,||.iri.
iM'»'k. n.r.' 11 i> also ill eotit irL w n |, m,iiiit.'
Its most w,.^t.•rly eX|M«ur.- is o,i ruku .rril. ;i f. w mil,., south of
TutMh. rivrr, h-nr ll... coi.t„.t with i|„. Ci, l„,„if,.ro,w limrMo,,. Tl.i.
IS, l.owev,.,-. I,.^s fresh l,„,kin« in a|.|,.'iii,...o- m.hI may I,.. ,.„ „|,1, ,-
-Imlmse, i..,,r(..s..|,H„j{ ,h.. CJoM SiTi.., i„ rh.it looilily. <i, „st,„.,.
iiarumor., of tli.. smiii.. ,i.^. ,i,i,i orisfi.i u. th.. f Sp, mo cr.-fk .i...
fouml to pas. throuyh tin- .luiirl/itii mcks at ih- hi;,,! of lli. | , r.'.k
1111(1 fasliTii liiamii of 0|)o,i,„.| nu-v Th. ^.•, iimhT ih.
iirt' i'liissi'ij ,is (|<i.oiii|Mi-,('il poiphvi ill,.
/liofi/. „./,;,/,.. The.,, f nil til.- upp.T K-.l.ll,..HrH,.. Iiasj,,., ,,r
Spru. .., On.T «ml Wn^-hl civks. , „. Sprue nmi < Ht-r ..r. .ks -I,, v
iiJ.fX'Mr ii. nl,l.,.,| or nl.Uii, likr rucks, «niy ..i.<l lluK;,y, with l.ami, o.
sofl.-r m.,1, ri;il, lik.. (•.irl.on.l.'..ous sluiirs. (>„ Wru-ht civ.k tli.v -ir.
v.-ry soli iui.l .shiily. iml also hoavily min..r,ili/...,l with ir.m pyrites
Y '""y ' ''■^♦•'■^''•' ''"»t •'"■^'' -I'it-'^ li" i» coi.lH. t with th,. .Surpris.. -
l..ik.-«iMi,if,.s mar Wright fiv-k ami in .•oiitiu't a iih th.- L;n...nst.,m.
of Sprm.. ,,,...k ,imJ mountain. < )ili,.rwis.. tiny do not ,li(l".r in li.-M
ui.pcaianc.. from Narii'tiiM of tlie ,|mirtzit.. „ioup - ,.„ on tl,.- upper
bnuiches of O honm-l river, on th.- tril.ut.iri.s of Smk.-r rivr ami on
Ptarmiv in Hats, ||,.nce they hi- f.miul for a .listam-.. of lifty mil,,,
eiiawanis, but without th.' inllu, me of extemsiv,. iom-ous intVu-ions
Huch ns occur where th.-y are at present found to l« gohi-U-arin"
I'.i'HI. .|,it.'
SVMi.sToNK.s, TON' ' OMKHATKS, ETC.
^ |-..r twenty-five mil.s sou hwar.ls of Ta-isli lake th" CarlM.nif.rous
Uiche Cre..k limestone is founu on .-aih sid.- of Taku .inn. The low
broad valliv of Tutshi river app.-ars to be the southern limit of the
l.mcstom- on the w,.stern si.jo. Two miles furlli. r south, on the
eastern .shore, this limestone is succe.-d.d by a narrow l)elt of j-„.,-n.
stone ami porpliyrile. This belt of rocks extends ii
w,!.steily and southeasterly direction, and
from the ^reat area of .sundst
("aih. CI-.I.
Iiiiii'~liiii.-.
a north
.separates the limest me
.iigillites which f..rm the sli
■ones, conulom.rates and so-called
■lore and islands of southern T.ik
P.xceptin;,' the western bay, which enters the L\
u arm.
Th
Tak
St R
in
san.istom's also extend in places across the
ge granites
iku arm int.. Atlin lake. They surround th-]
mountains
fro
i.outh
"II .•^,ll|.|-!"lM-.
lern portion of
i
■J 4 h
ATI. IV liMI|t|« r.
Ih..|
-Itl .Jl
i;.Kk.,
iiriiriii
'llr
il>'srl||iti,,
ii ixirplivi
Stuft.
Alli.i l,ik,, Iml nr.. n-.l .,.-,.|, i„ ,|.,. „„rtli ,.( thr ...uihrrt. (I.iik» „t
•^"'" • ""*'" '"» tl'" *''^t s|„„,.. .,r iH.rtli nf il... ,{t,fti <>r»..,,nH
.•ml l'ik.t lixi-r Milliy. <„ il .M.rii shore „( Atlm l«k.v Tl.i-y
|.r..l,al.|y ,„.,.ui fuitlu'i »., il„. K..uHi,uHt in iI.p ,lu,..ti.,„ .,r tli'.'
Niilkiiin rivr>r.
Th.. |.r.nailii,K wni-ly „» I In, «,,„.|hi„ih -. ,i.., i, .,f „ «,,,.„i.|, ^uiy
<--'l"ti. I. i« usually ,n l.e,i>y Im.Iv Th. r.- ,„.■ ...■.„si.„ml Un.is „f »
.liil(.ran.|iu.„va,j;,lU,T,KH|.,..|<ini:n...l-n.il,al .,„. tl„. k .|..|«,Mt.
..r tl.n.ly l,...|,|..,| (•„,.• ,'nn„.,| l.l.wk a,,,} yr.iy i.i.tl. rial. (•.,nKl.,liMrutr ,
.. :r -.iM..wl,ut n.r..ly. Such UmI, ,.,„,,l|y ,„„,Hi„ v..,v ...arMe
l-oiil.l.'r-. a. Iar«.' a. ll,r,.f. t-.-l ii, ,lia„„.t..r. TIms,. I,.,il.|..r. iin-
I.rinr.|.ally Kn.rut,.. will, ..mmImm.s a r.,nH.|..,al.|. ,„i,nl,. r , nnsiMin^
Dt cryMtiliiii.' Iiiiu-ti.iic anil ii.n |,|ivritr.
\ v.ry ,.,„„| ...... i„„ .,1- tl,i, san.|,(,.,„. f,,.i.,al,„„ is f„„,„l „„ ,h..
^y'■A M.I.. ..t T.,ry inl.-t „„ A.lin !ak.. An a„ti.ii,„. ..c-urs at this
(.. ...t n... iH,rth..rMsl.,,,.. „f ,h,. I.,.,K f..n„s.l„. al.nipt rast..,,, (ace
"t S..rti..n in..milam. ThiH srclioi. sli..w.s ..vrr .-..IKH) t'.M.| ,,t il,,, kly
'"■''''•''' ^'""'"' »■ '•'<• i.'r....ni-l, iiray laNi- l,...l,|r.i v.ui-tv inter
l.a.,<l...l ^vill, MHn.. llrH.r;,.rainr.l l.,.,|s .,f .ia.k.'r .nal..,ial. Th'.. up,,...-
|«.it...n .>f Ilu's.. 1„.,JH j. uith..^il ...ni;l.„n..rat... The !,,«.., Ih.,|h
.■.mtain s.„,„. narrow Imn.js ..f sshirh th. In.uI.I.m ar.. us„ally ^umU
an;. ■„,.,;.,( principally ot i-iMnit. a.al ,.orpl.yril..s , h,,rnl.l..n.h. ,.„,!
inil-'site (lorphyi itc),
From ii,icr..s,.,,pie.Nainiiiati..n ..f s.'v.ra! -iM.,i,„o„s „f this series'
they a,.p.ar to 1„. „f pyr..,.l,isii,. origin. One ,\i ihes.. ln,n, the M,uth'
.•rn part „f Taku arm is t,.nn...| a p.„phyry tulV, un-J its appearance
nnil.c th.. m It-rose, .pe is thus .l.a'ril.c.l : —
• A till.- yraine.l r.Kk i.iad.- up f.rincipally of iiulixi.luals of „ ,,aher
cl.ar glassy striil.-.l tVlspar. w.th « suU.nlina.e amount .,f n.ijky
quart/, in H .iark.;,'ray base. This Ikw- is crvpt.. .rx stalline ami in
o.mpuat.velv s.nail amount. Th.^ felspar in.jivi.lu.ils a„. d..sely
croH.le.l toKeth.-r. Th.n- are n.any ;{o.„| forms with the an-'les
sli;,'htly roun.le.!, hut the principal forn, is the nn^-ular or sul^-anKular
..ne. They are twinn.-,! a.cr.lin-r to the alhite iaw, manv haiin.- i„
luldition the p..r„lin.- twinnin-. A few felspar intlividuals :u'v frlh.
but th.. Kivat.T tuimher are ni.^re or le.ss turbi.J alon- the cleavage or
twinnin- ,,lanes. The .piartx oi-curs in clear angular or sub angular
grains with a f.'w up,u,ue inclusions. Strain shadows a.c .•..inmon. A
f.-w imlivi.luals of a pal...brown bi..tite ocour bent ..r twisted in
betw.-en the feisp „■ grains, the former is altering to a verv pale green
owium I
><.<Sli!iri»NICi<, (°iiN-i,|,(iMKII \TK<, f.Tt'
•2!i u
ink. .1
»liii<»ii iwtnipic <hli)tiii-. Cilriif ...ruM ^l^ xtuiii, in tin l,;ij.»» ikii<l
iiU'. fill-. Ill rnick-. ill it niiii III III.. rfl«.|K»r», dm- U> intillruliii(/
WftliTx. In |.liic.-< It is ,tniii.-.Mn hyilrat. il intidn ..f imn. A «iiiiill
Wfll r..un.l.-<| |,.>l.l>|.> tiikoii ..m (,f s|,.., im, n !•<«.„ ,il,n ,||,-,.,| u.cl
fllUllcl t.i |,f llkf •.|«.|llll'll '.•'.» II ll;illr||,|,|,i.
Ill" ;{(>ncr.il niiikf of' tl'i- n.iii.i.iiiiicN 1, Miuth i',i-.i«rl\. Tlirv utiially "*
••■••■U|.jr tliH |iiw.|yiiii{ >l,.,r,.H .1 th.' ;;iiil.r I >k. ■^ l.iit .«•■ iir on Hinli
iiHiuhtiiiiH I., ii li-iKlit <,( ;t,oun |....t ,il„,x,. Ailiiil.ik.'. iiiiil l...i«,.,.|,
Tukuimiianl Aiiiii luki- tln-y f.i iiiniiiii iii,i<«r» t'> ii li.i>.'lit of
ov.T L'.MUU t'.rl al,.,w. ||„, lake ] |„.v ,,,, ....wli-n- ol.„TV,..i m illivt
coiitii.t with imy rMl<M,it|,.!rlliaii ihf porpliv lit- itliil m.iiiitr |hii pliyi >
liiounliiiii ai MS roiiit 1 alioiit lli.- >..iiil,iui (lortioii ot Aiiiii l.il »•
Til.' tr.ni,iii,.ii lioin th. V lw.|.|.(l |..,if,h'-it.- iind rtti.lciit.' mils I., ih,
p..r|.liyrit..,, and.sit.-Miui.llin.ullsof (•.•iiinTon •iiid M.Cillui uht.ui.-.
is iiidi'ti'iite, I'suully h vit\ liii.. |,'niiiMMl aiili-silf lull' int. i wn, <.
I'll.' Ii.-.l, ariMn.lin.'.l -..n.Tiillv at Liw an-!.',. An luiti.liii.. apin ais Ann. lin,.
to pas- lioin S,i lion .'n-.-k ii. lo-, i|„' -oiiili.i,, |.nrt of T.r. s a island ;
tli.ih,. a,i-.„s (;i;il,tli island to .v pi;..'.- n.-ar \|.h,„ c.-. k. AL.n- (li.-
raii-.'f sMiitli ..r Taku inji. n-ai- <;.,M.ii Cat.-, liirn- ar.' s. \,.ral «i.' it
f.-Lliiii;-- ot 111.' strata f .iiniii,' liiin,a...| aiili.liiifs «lii, I, l.av.- l|,.-ii
iix.'N ill a sotiili fasi(i-i\ .jiii'i iji.ii.
A ff«- los-ii forms \v,.|-.' found m -.. i..' ..t th.- darker liiir ^rain. d H "il-
!>eds of thiH M.ri...s ..f ,-.., Ls. '1 h- -,■ «.-,,- „l,t .,i....| from tl,- u.-m shore .'|!i;'.;"!;'c\;;',
ofTory inlet, tin- so, ill, .'a,i. n, s|„„.. ,„. T, ,,.s,i ,.sla.i,|, an.l th.' .ast.-rn
slior..of Allin lak.- .soiilh i.I tuiililli i-l«i„l. Kroin li.ld .-.nd.tioiu
iiiid lith..loi,'i.'ai r.s.'i,il.laiic", this scrie-- of r<...'k» was it lirsi i„ licvfd
to 1..' Cn.ta.-.'oiis ill ,.,'<•- Th.' .'xamiimtion i,( th.- f.'\' fossil fonn.s
(ippcarstopla.'.. ili.-m in lli(..J ii,as-,i,'. N.t .•m.I.'Iki- of thr ocurr-'nc ol
coal was oljtiiiiiod. <»i';;aiii.' ifiiiaiiis ot any kiml „i,. lai.' in these
pyroclaslic rocks. The follow in;,' is a n..te .i,, th.' spei-im.-ns of f..ss|ix
collected on Atlin lake duriii;; the s.-ason ,,| 1 90<t anil suhmittcd t..
l>r. H. .M. Ami for exaiuination :
'The fo,.sils are preserved for llie in., t part in a rather iuii.erfe.'t K\.i„m,.,l
manner i:i ii dark, at tii.i.'s str-^-iky, -ray, (ine-rnined lal.ar.-ous rock, ['"i'v'i',';'"'"'
which, when exiiiniiied in thin se.ti.ins und.'r lli.- ini.-ros(-.,p.- i.-v.-aN '' ''^1 \i'"
the structure of r jiorpliyrito or andesit.' lull" ^ ■*
The fosMiU are for the most part tVi^tuintary, an.l wet.' ., doul.t
riither ditli.:ult to olitain in the hanl .uidesit.- an.l tufaceous strata,
but they repre^ient several small eoll.-cti.jns made in diff.M-ent portions
of Atlin lake and pof^vibly diirerent horizons in the Mesozoic.
•jn h
xii.iv iirxrNii r,
All!
K^jiiiiitif
i.v i>i r
w
Ml.ll,!.,!,,
It M v,.,y .hrtuul. to ,t»i., ,.rnti.,.|> wimt .» Ml.. ^^ .,f tl... nr.iU fnm,
whirl, th.. .UK,,,,.- r.-,iin„„ wr,.. .,l,t„iiir.|, Ih.iI, ..ii «ic..u..f of th« con
.iil...i. ... whi.t, .1... f,...,|, «,„ i(,.t,,«.|v... ,.r..M.rv..,l ,in.| on uco..u..l ..^
t»»- f<ut tlwtthe fnunit r.pr..!M.i,tiH| i, |.r.utie«lly a n. w ,»ml hiilcM..
iini.-.OKi.iz..,| nt,.. in ilmt |M.rii..ii .,f Nnrih .\iM..ri.ii.
I lin pr..M.,„... ..f „ |,.w ,uiim.mil..«. *J,i.li Im.l U,.. ^..|,..ml ., tiiw.nl
'ipp-anin.-.. ,.f .1^ „„, „ut u.ilik.. .1. r„„ „y,-,M., w,.,,,...! ,., j„.h
;■"'" " '"'"''"■ ' "'" '" •'"" of ll... Tri,...f ,yM..n. of tl... (•or,lil|..ra„
iH-lt, !..,( „,„„„.. .,f ,1,,..,. „,„„„„,,»,., ,l„.w ,i„y .,r .1... ,ui,i,«,, it i.
i.n|««„l,|.. t„ ,t„t.. pmUely in wliiU »i«,ti..n •..• .iMi>,un t.. f,!,,,-,. tlwin.'
S„„„. of i|„. .M.Hit typi.-al ..f tlm... iVwhiU w. ,„ M-r.t to H, Tiiiiothv
W. .Stani.,,,, „r \VH»l,i.,«t..„. II,. f.,u,MJ ii.l.Hi,.,., t.. .l..t,.rn.i„.. iho
"'" ""'"* '■*'•" «-"«'ri.ally ,in..,. th..y ,|...w.-.| r ., M.tiii.... H- .„y. :
■Tiio.. m,.y |,.„sil,ly Im. Triu.^i.', I,„t I tliii.l* it ,„„r.- pr..l,,.l,l., tint
til. y ,.,-.. . arly .) urw,.!... Tl.oy .no c.rt.ilnly ti..l ,.. iat,. ,.h 1 1„ C,.-,.u-,.„u>.
I li.T.. «■,.,„ t„ t». th,.... .,r f.uir M....I., a„.| ,.«rha|., i,..,.,ly „.s ,i,M.v
Xflii.'fii ot u,iiiii<>,iiti's.
•Tl...,,. ,ir..aU.,,i Mii.M.tl. .sp..,.i... „f /'-,/,„, H„.| ,„.„„r,h,,.,.„t(„r
Hi."i.|.. turhH .,f Pe!.vy,K.,|a, l.ut th..«. .„.■ „f typ,.^ h,.vi„« a wt.ie
ninK- a,„l <i,. ,„.( ui.l i„ ol..>,. co.r.hni,,,,; |!,..i,i,., ,|„. ,1,,,.„ ..^ f..^^
-fMnrs of »!,„uoi,il..s r..f..,r,a t., I.y |),-. Sf„.,t„„. i„ ,l,e .-..II... ti„„, th..
f<.ll<iwiiij{ may !». i,n.nti<in».<l :
I A >ii...o,|, sp,.,.ir»of /'.W. „, p,„lml,ly l.,.|„„Kini; t.. 'h.' subgenus
l'»«HdamuMinn, ,in.l Bf.piir.-ntly an uii<i..s.ril.. .1 form.
1. A si,ii>.l| f.|H'll like Tniii,ui,tli,f.
•*. A hiviilvf like Tuiic,.>liii.
». A tmgnient appan-ntiy ot a (.p..ci...s of luor^mmxn, with wn-
.-.pieuouM rath.., i..^uiar raised ciicenlric f.,l,l,s ,„■ liiH,„ of
giowtli.
•^». A nurnlKT of bratu.lii,.^ fu.oi.l like an.l ..arl»,tm.-..ous markings on
slabs, appt'iir to indicate the pri'sfiic... of ulgi..
CiHAMTEW.
I...r»... ,-,,„„.. 1 ho,e an. seve.ul s.vy large areas of ^-nir.ite i„ the .li.strict between
At.in and T,.sl,„ Jakes. This j-.-anite aptx-ar to l«.!onsf t.. the .amn
period as that of the Coast Range «ranit,.. It is usually hornblen.li..
with variations in the .|uantity of hiotite. Its ^-reatest development
■"f -iP
3«llUlt !
»Nt«IITKII.
•J7 .i
fltaiiil. iilif,.«t iuil,r..k.'nly fn.iii Atlin Uk.> to thr (!.»»* *r.t of Tr^lii,
Ink.', » .lUUnc-P .,f lifly H„l.., I, i„.i... tJ,.. .I...rp, ..r ih.' M..ft»,..r.i
|H.r«ioi, .,1' Atlit. Ul«.. . il.H,,,,. i„ ^„ ...k,irrh.lir.xti..iiUcrtiMitmwUi..
hiKh ruu,{,..J niOK.., hIh.uI Surj.ri... Ukv nn.l JB....,»/i# or-.!.. Ihn «r.'.»r
Hnowiloii nutff to ih)* iii'.t i.f it.
Alx.ut Hin|.ri-. Uk>- rl,« aiatiit,. i* rtlii,.M.t witli.iut hi.ili.«ti>... It >* .... .((..(e
cni,M,i, of ,,u„ri/, ,.,,,1 r,.;,,,4r. wl.i.-h for... .u, ...wily .|iM..i..^.r..l..i '""""'
r.K?k. Th.« r/.7,r„ „f ihi, Knu.it.. I.u, « „„. i.,« ...l-i tl.« f..rnm
ti..li of H„. h.avily .Irif, ,„v,.r,.,| ,1„,h., ,o ,1,„ ,oulh .t)i.| w.-^t of «;l,i,Jy«
l.»k#». Th.' J..II0W pr.' Kli».i,il «,,.v..| of l'i,.n , r,.,.k ,»l«.i i-ont,*.,,, ,„uol.
..r It 14 .1 oo,ir,.. wuxl. Th- arat.it.. of /.„a/i,. ^^^r.-k .umI S„ow.l„n
ii...untu..i, i, „,...,. h.Mi.l.l.n.li.. i„ rhar.Mt.r It will !«• ,.oii...,| that
til.' :..riK.'r uMHof this i-niMit.. ium is ,„.n,|y r,ui ,„„| «.,( Th,.
fidJHOPnf r.K'k.. HIV th.' i.-jii,.iml .,ii,iri/it.-,, with ih- . x.-..|,tM.h ..| fh«
«.-tin..li.,. shit,, of the (i.. 1,1 S.ri.-s .,. r,„.. .n-, k l.asii, Tl... j<runit.. i,
i-vi-l-i.tly y-.uiiK.r thiit. any of .h.,M r-.i-k-, «,tl xc..|.ii,.., ,.( th«
«r......HtoiiH ,u„l th.. soori* :i...n.,i,ult of Iti.l.y .■r...k. Tw.nl, miloii
-....ithofth-SuipiiM. L.k. ,{iunit.Mh.r. .ir..l*..,,tlMr«r.;,t in.'.unnun
riMsM-Mof j{r.»i.ii.. Th...... iir.. au'iin ,.-,mr,4t...| l.y th.- xalh-v ..I' th..
upp.f Silver Siihii..n ii\pi which i^ ,i . ..i.t.im,»tioi, „f th.. .s.Hk.-r
Hivi r Milh'y,
^ l'ul;..ozo.<. .,.i«rt/it.> t!„nk. th.-s,. r.i..-..s .... th.- n..rlh..a-t an.l «..Ht.
The m...st .-li^U'rly of th.'M. nia>s,.s .,.vupi..s ih- hi«h ll-.ul.i.-r plains
lHitw«.t.n the Nnkinri riv.-r, Hurri.'.mL. riv.i ,in,| |t,,ih UUr. It is n
Kifut hftrr.n Alpin.' uphtn.l. sti,.*.. with U..il.t,.rs ai,<| .ImuiinK
K.mtly ...uthwanl to t\m N.ikitm livr. It is l.uilt ..f h.,rnl.l.n.|..
Kru.il.., often porphyritic. It rest-inhleH th.- xn.i.it.. of the W liit,.
puss in ih« C.Mist UuHKP.
Th.- western .ir«a forms M.-Master mountain. It lu-s hetw,,.,, th- M.Ma-...
upp..r .Silv-r Sahiion mid ( »'l J.-nnel rivers. The t.-xtiii.- .,f this aninite """""""
is more even ^;rain«^, an.l ma.le up of siimll irvstal.s of hornl.i.-iule
l.iotit... much felspar aiul a little .,uart/. It 'w-ather^ into a verv
.i«Hivc, smiKHhIr i<.un(h..| r/my.- .inlike the Surpris.. I^k- urnn
f
r
l>yke.s, ■••i-in.s and all f.ir.-i^'n intru
tiotic-ahly iilxsent in this i,'"initp. It
pl.icer niul in I.mIc niiiierj
■sions, variiitioiH or
(ilt.-s.
1 Kr<'j;atioiis iiio
appears to U. harren, Ixttli in
..X.'
^Itiii <it>
llniillll 111
l.ill|f'«,
Tuk.i
iii'"iii'.iiti.
■I
|>li'>rpli\ii
'in I.
Art.i% iti>r»*i)i
Thi. Kr..u>. .t).|«Ar. u, \m v\.m.\y .•.mn.« iwl with il... ..ri«tii <>f lU
.<in.|.l..r..., „t »|„..|, ,|,„y „,„^ ,„ , „,„, („j,,„p„,,, ,.,,,f„.,,„, ,i,^„
liwy |,.f,„ ihn Ttt»^„. («,„„p,„, M.(„llui,i a„>l Muko ui.mi,l«ii„
I-:**. Il ..f ihmw ar..u|i« i.r uMiUMtntni. i» i«ilitin«l iM.ii, Oi..„fh..r, .x.-imiiK
M.r„l|«„. rtM.I Ml.,1,... »(„.|, ,.r,. .I1M.I...I l.y „ .|„^j, ,^l|„^ -f,,^ ^,.^,j,
II.-. t'. I i..«ily i,..i(i, „„i M,mi,.t,f...f,.,„, ,«i,rtll.-li..ii,„r.N„i it.ihij....
K\tr|>ti,„( II,.-.. .H.un.'ii.*. Ih...f. i. no futlhur <l.'v. |.>|>iiiPni ..( t|i.>
"*•*' •■'••' ""'•^ '" 'I"' Atlii. .h.iiui II i» |.r..l>..l>l.. ili.it I hry
'■' I""''""'" '•» '•'" I' "'llll'' ..«■ I-II. r 1«|,.....„ rtfllMI) Jil.t f« t ,>( Ihi.
<■•»»'! Ilu,«... I{.«k...t ,. «m...wl..tl ^liiH|.»r.h«r..l.T lmwl».,.,. I.i..ikIiI
iinm ll„. .\..r.|.i, k|..|.l ai„| \,.!,„i, ,„,.r ,|, ..Ml.i, ,li,ln. t
" rii|iiiv.„, ,„ „ ml.-, f..iiii iiJuh |>..iiit.><| ..r MiLHithlv .U1V..I
in"U.,trti„ r,u.«..., i..,uli(r.ji fr ih.- iimlftul w. ,,i|,..|,'Mtf ii.k.
.l.mll lniai„.„u Mu.v wry ,f....|, ,„„| .m„.„.i, j,.«l ,„.,„p, „i
Th.. ■.ii,.«,tl, «i„^.y „„,unuih i..|.« „v^, .■>,t)oi. 1.^-t rtlH.v,. iIh's. , |..»,|
""■ ''■'^"""t.- t 1,1,,- ur.-.ih.i, „r' il... II.Kky MouiiUiii ,h.,.|, All
II..-H. .rupfiv,. a,,-,.,, with III. .x.-.|.liu„ „t V„in.nm iiinmu.ii.,, I...
"ul«i.|.-, or iU ilm ...li;.. .,1 11... ,„h<|.i. prt..». ('.ui,.'!.,., „ rii.iui
u Hhn.Hi .•umpl.i.lv »un.. i„.i..,| i.s tl,, .,u..l-i.,n.-. Tl,.- dwu./. 1...111
tul'u.v.Mi, lr,imi,..|,tH| „K:k. In tl... |..,r,,l,y,jlr. u.i.i af, I.-mi., „{, I.I.
lli"iilit.i:ii i. ^'laijilal and iiiiji liniD*.
T,»ku iiK.untiiiii t.iiM.H II iiii.<.iiklM.ul •J.OiMi IV,. t r1,„w iI„ |,.v,| ,,i i Ki'
irtkf^ Th- .-..-.liTn |H.iti..n i-^ ^..,y Mat t..pj....l. ^.uma n l...-a!ti.'
a[v|«araiic... Th.- mIiu. tur.. „t il. ...ck i^ a!-.. |,ri,.„.,Mlal ir. |.Im.-. , an.!
tni<T...r..|,i<. MTlion.. ,l...w II t.. Ih. a|«..|,hyril.., Tl...... ai.-a!,., la.x-
an-,... ..fa }{r.M.„i-l, iv.I.IjhI, autfit.. |,..,,.l,y,,i.', » hi.l. 1, f,.un.l m..i..
fUi.n.i\..ly uionxll... l.,« hilii UiwcM. I.U'u.llv.. ^lac. r an.l Aliin
The I..W hill on Tiiku jM.rtaj,'.' .i.al ll... ,.„k> al.,.ut ll „il,.i.,f
Allin riMT are iHKl.-Miu-H. Fi.u' t{r.,in,.,| amifsit,. tullV .h,ui 11, il,.-
oir.|UHs un.l iMi.k. of CftiM.i.-n an.l M,.ullum uniH.r,. |„ |,„„d
^.lH.,•in...n- this inn I, r.-s. „,l,l..s .|„. |,a„.|...| U^tttt ..f .M..kn unlaii,
nn tla- v.uth<-.n |..,rti,.h ,.f C.pper i^^•.l.<l n. Ail.n lak,- ll.,,, is »n
..!■.•« of au;<.l.. j.or,,|,yrite, u .lark „r,...|, r.,ok wl.ic!. .s.„n,-tiin...s «.atl,.-r<
do*n into u .an,J of nu-it.. .Ty.iHls. Ihi, ,„ck ap|,..HM t., earry s.aii.s
aloi.K which imliv.. copp.T Uiu I,.,.,, di-posilcl. Su. I, an .K-,urr..|U'e in
loin.l ,.t th.' • N..,.l ■ flai.n on Copp.T island. .S|„ko lak.' lies entirely
nNAMITK rottrHtav.
■it» R
wuh.i. mo«»t4,M r»ntf- ..f ,.,„,„iv« .rf t|,„ ,„,rWi.| Th, •rr4.,,p.tn. «.
pAlIX u. 4lm.Mt l...ri/..«ul )«n(l- »! .. Hinty .Urk ...l.^r..! lMt«»li «i
(liSrrvnt )i»ri«>n».
' »n (IU.m, .nl-t, wKi..h \rmU ihn.Ui,!, * (J„r,| lll,«. h^nn^l fr-mi Atlin N ...r.i
•.wthw^nlM .)..».. ,<.„ ..,,1 ,|,..f« M* U,„ ,1m-,. .nl»t. itM r.»k« ,«• «p>n
lU. Mfik- «.mh rwtrrl>. .I.,)|.inu fmu, V> u. vrMi..il u. tli^ n..rili 0«,r,
Th« •M'lion ii nm|{hly m follow,
<Jn./ »»r..wn nttlmr c«.mr^ UrU *i.»tli.,r,n^ i,uic|,t..««. l.-^tK) u.-t
Vory rfguUr thirkly M<lml «rr,.ni»h «r.»y ^•Hj,l,m«. '..fXH) fr.,.
(Jrw^fiuh r«MUh »tr«liti«l mimI ..,mp*|«t twwt*l nnk. .'.VKt f,,,,.
(ThU i« pntlHil.ly )uu{if.' uriilf-itf.)
V.-llowl,!. lH.,»*n,-.,,ml„.,„.mt^. „( whi.,|, i|,« |.rJn. i,.,.l U.hI.1,.,, ur..
H'kIi.' tfi^i.itr, ifrm.h^i.m.' .iml (t (l.irk |i.,r,.hvrit.'. ■.'."(Xt f.-ri.
• inwiiiiili r«<Mi!<h twi..»nUu;{it.. ,iti.|..,jt« hiiik.- hnK , ,i,|, s*, K.VK
Thi-< ii|i,i«an< to \m .Miitoriimlilf
SfMi-im-it ;; -Au>|it«»ttti,|n,iir., MIoko inlet.
•'■.Ill|.».llirin
'1 .lltlfl(«*
•A iim^iv c.MM|.«.-t (..UKh r.H..k. .lull u',<n ". - .|.,.,r «.lh t.r.m,, ""''■'«•
an.l r.M|.|,H|, l,r„*n f„»tcl,r. It ......mhU „( „ huK- numU-r ..f (i„,.|v
iw,„„«cl,,|,..,i.K^ry,f >...»• f..N,Mr ,in.l .1 f.-w r.,un.l..,l lu Jr. , i„ a U-..
whl.h I. ,.«r»ly ,.r.v^t«lli„,. an.l ,..,tly «U,.y. Tl.« tVU,.... .h OUM ,„
iK.tli Uru.. ami Mn.ll in.livi.l.ml-. inuny ..f whirl, Ih.v.. k-h-I vrN,ralli,...
form. TU„y „r,.n..,trly all tuil.i.J fr-m, Hlfniti.,., I'r.«|„rt., y.|l..wi.|.
.•pi.|..t.. ,.„.l Kr...r,nh /..iMi... ih,. |„tu.r i„ .• „.M.|.n,l,l,. „,„..„'„!. Tt...
.luaitfl i. .„|„url..s,. i„ r..UM.I.Nl -mil., ar„i ratli.r .|....,„„,h.h,.,|. M,i„.
ni'tito ill f..nvi.l..ral,l,. ,iti...uht ..,,.1 m-.i..' l.i-.tif i. ,„ rit Tlu. 1,^.
iMnotin Ur«.M.„..,ui.i. I.ut th- tr.ui»ilM,„ rr-.,,, ..i.jirm.y Kk,s to . rvpt...
cry.^Ullin»> l.a>-i' is w<>|| svpti.' '
Mi.VMTK I'Olil'IIVIIV.
"rhi« nK.k co„M,t.. of l4r..ein.iivi.lual,,.f,.,l„..|y tw,„n...| f..N..,.,. .;,.„„..
Ill a micr.»Knu„ti.- grounlmasM ,-oin,«,s,.,| .,f ,,uar./ wiil, .n.-.-netit- i-^'''^'>-
lu.rn .lend.., hioiite. chl,.r„ • ,uul f..|.p,vr, Tl,i. uro„n,|,„ass I unu-
c.pally ,,u,u.t. an.l f,.|s,ur. Th,.re .,.,.ins fo havv !«..„ „ ,„.,v,.,'.ent
8ub.se.,„eut to the formal ...n of tl... inrlivi.l,,..! ...-vtals of f..|spar .s
-1»» t>
%1US ItlvtHti T
11. iiiH'tlH
Uk jf ♦tl »\,um <iir«tri aiMilxi*. atxi mmny •rt. I>rti|irn, li^ht •<* et^kml
rin. ru. k httnm t\a> t.tii.|it. toll* |ir<ttl^ „l |lir.|». ,\l||n Alft C'mtM.lrttl
nt..«n!)i»M.. •!! thriNi gt..u|.. UiriK i*i>Utm| fr<Mt .rtir iiii.,ili..i and mi
%hm «.iMh».i| .i,|» „| Vlliii Ukf. TlwHw. Ar« .luiiii.» miftt.,.i«._
|,i., «,»,l» .,f «.i,„ .«hiH Nl.f «up ihtn llw i4ti<i>l»nr> nrxl |).ir|.|i/rilr«.
Ihit'k T>M' «.« h'Ttfttf .Ji.«ii »n .Vlitn HKHiiititlii ». rMullmi in «
iin I *r >hi rrivK*.
M>" III
• rii|i«i»i
\t-., :l
Kiiln rri'i'l
• tii|iln.\
"<iinl-tiin.
.iimI < iiiiiIi
<Tiltl->.
Tli.« iii.wt ri'.Piiily f..rm.tl rmpiiM r.N k« »^ IliU tiUlriii .niiir on
Jhf Wi-af ,|,|r „f Itiiliy .rr.ik Mini ill I li. Ii..rt I iif Villi unit ir.rk, -t«l«H«n
nn|p4 mirth ciKt ■>( Atiin rimw il«i|i.i~if., ii.h.i.Ikij, ni «<iiri>i«iHi
UmiU, Imw. lutrtly lilint in pr,> isiittntf vwll-y. No f viiiaom «r uUi m|
m lu.n or |iri-«inii' of furfiKn Imulil.r- hmh ... h on th. «.. .in .». Tlni
•rii|iii.m!i h«v.' iiiki<n |iU. •> npur lli.. ■•.mi •••« of iIh- ,i. linolit^ *|,it. «
wild Mix MurpriMi Uk» urnnilw. Mn iKi- wiit niilti of Uuliy . ri*k
« nioiintiiin ■*\<>]>e ,,t l»^lwn nml liliuk .■.mrin t-rttiinniit in « cniinr
llkf miiMinit '.'.DtMl f,.pi aUn,. i(„. »^||„y „,„| i;, (,;(, f,,^t dlmv.. th.- >,.«.
Tlif I r.i»«r likn rlfpn-niion lU ihi' »iiminit of till* ■tiniinl pllf of »rori«
nml hiMnIt i« ftlmtil 3<N> yiirili in iliaiiintiM T'l ■ ■ , ,il d^pt «(.,ii i-
t«'n f.'i I ImIow ih.. lowMt ({lip., in I hi. rujinnl rini wiuih vurrounii* ii
i»nil 170 fit't Wow th«' river at il« lilahe«t |>oint.
Thf Vfilli-y of Uuhy i rwik 2,00o fwl Ihi|<iw w lUimi with n gr«y
»«M»lt throiij^h whiih thi« pri'wnt utrmm hai ml a narrow ■ imon.
Thi* una ot ihifi Rruptiv«» iiH-k i« nljout four «i|Uitn« »nil»«i. Another
•ml "liiiiiUr but iinaUi'r arna liim at thi h. ml nf Volcank iTwk. ut
the northfrn Imi«- of Mount nnrhiun. TJicn^ i- .'vidt-m*! of a i raipr
of whi.h till. Iiiiill up rim in monn A How of htimilt hait cro^ii.l the
hfiMjof tho orrrk northwar.l in thi- diriH tion of the prtwflnt <ir»inai;« ;
piiTon of sroria wi'in notiii'il nmonu'-t ihi- tiioki'ii ilnwn m.iti'riiil of
Mount Itarham. Thr urea of thit i-ruption m Ii-hs than oiiii Nquart!
mill'
Thi> only >ii|ni ntp(| ImhI* of jatir origin than thi» ^iiiiUtonw tt^riea
wiw un occurr.'nciMit liori/ontally Ix-ihled HainUtom-- and ronKloiupratpn,
nmr ihii cnlrnmi'tii Sloko mlet, at th»- Moutliim I'lul of Allin l«ki>.
Thesu are soft friablp iMitid^loiieH of n brown colour, containing p«bb|p8
' -t^
.IC1^.VA^
W9»i^m
»»• » *» t hi ftti |«
.11
M.,m.,.rf „„.,•„..» ,u„^ ,„., ... ,_, ,,,, „, „^^ ^,^^^^^
IN.**»H* »«.««« ..,,,^,..-.1 ..„,Kl..t,..r^i« ..r •»...iU M,| .,r.«,n»44
•rw !•> IV,||„ \„km '
f>l4l.lil
M|.^. ,....,. v.. 1.1. f,.H„ Wh... ►W.r , „„,.,... I.. ..,., .,M..
•n.J ,..,.U .1, ,.I„„, ,..,„. ,„.„.„..„.,., ,.., ( |',d..„„..|...„Mrr,.|.
• h.,m...i ... .uM.,.-i with ,,«.| r,„. ..r Um- r..„i arih.....
No in. m..,. I%t..r«„, m..u,.i..,„. :t , „„|., ..,.„ ..f u„„|> ^r...
n.r.^ .|«..l,„.-n,. ..U„|m... ,,„,».r r.,Ml , l,..,„t,t.,,„|.. ,„.r,,hv,v
N.. !•, fr.,„. WLU- .„.»,ni,„„, „x ....1. , ..„,. ..1 W.n.jy „r,„ ,v l.uhl
.•nt.mr.Ml Jr..). lo..k.nK «Mr„„.,„„ •„!, .,„,,i/ .....1 ...l.ii. Mr.««.r.
v.. II. fr..,,. tl... «»,,.« ,.U..r. „ . |.,..«„ J,,, ,.„.„, ,.„,, „ ^..^^ „,,,.,^
•J.-».,—.J .i>k.. r.Kk ii..,....r ........ .,.. ,., ,.,.„., „.;,,.„..„
*"truM..,.. ,„ II... ,.,„„. .,«„ .,r ..... „.. .„„„„, ^,„.,,, „ ,„„„.., .., „^^,
Ty-.UIl.iiP |Hti..<)/<iif. Iiint.il, ,„p
No. M U frim. M„r.,. .,...„...«,„. .«., „„|.., >»,.vi .,< c^^,, „„„ .,.,,j,
.- .. .iu... ,...,..1 ,.„.u .,.' HI... ,..Mun. • ,,,... . va...,v ^„ ..n
HU.ko ,«l,.t,.r Atl.r, Ink... a„ «.i.| .uff-.f .1... ,-.r,.l.vn... «,hI ,„.,|.......
-....., .. Ur««|y .l.....|..,H.| .»i..„g K,.. M„t 1h.Ii .«,t .,ri|.r l'.«»„ H«n«„
Kra„.l. ..,l..r,,wi,..,.„, ..f „,. ,„„, ,„., ,^,,,,11,,... Ii„...,t..„« -Hh...
Uk^u fr.„„ ...., .|i„r.... |«.tw,,„ T^k.. ,.r,., «mj \Vi„.lv an,. ,h„w •'""*""■•
n..rll. w..„.rM ,.xt..„.i..„ .,f rock, -i.nilar ... «.„„« ,„ „... A,li,. ,|.,tr...t
ll.« li.,pt.m., a,.,,..rtr. ....wv.,., .., .„ ,.. UmU.,, into l.y i«„..,.u,
r.K.-k. ,.f „... „..«.,, ^,i^ ,., p..,,,,,„i„., «r..-,.,>.„.,.H ,„hI I..„Uu
ri,., .,^..,„„.„, ,,,,,„ ,u,ng tl,i. Uundary li«. l.„tw...„ A.l.„ ...,1
l.'.l..-. ,.k.. H|,..H ,|.»t ,1... ^r,„it„ .,, t,„. „.,^„...,„ |,.^^, ,^^ ^^,.^^ i^^i^^
K.v,.H p|,u.. .,„ ito „i, . 4,iwanl. ,„ ,|„, r,.^,.„„,| ,.,,.., j^. .,„^,„i,„., .,.,,,.^,
.|«rtml««fo.,„l|,..,W,f the ^...at ,lo,,i„« iUh ..f thi, .iH.ri. , un.il
t.,« w«,. ,l:„.k« .,, „^^,.,„ j,,,,,,,^ ^^,. ,,.^,^.,^,^, ,^^ ^1^^ ^^^
»n.i .ou,l...n. ,l.„k, .,,■ I)a«..„ ,„.„k. ....t,. .r- cry,Ul|,„,. li,.....,.,„.,
n... ».«.,„„ ,„.«k, th.,.,.elv.... „,v .......l,.,.ppri„e.,.„lly..f ,,u,.,
pr„..Hl.ly p.,rpl.yn.,... «.,„„. ..f «,„,„ a.v .|,uk .1... Knunn.J r . '-■'^•
re.o,„..I.MK l..^«I.. Tl..«, i^olaU-l .uuu..U.n« ar. app,r..ntlv n.„ ...e
.12 II
AIMS l>l?«ll(l<T.
losiilt of (l««nuiliitioM, lull of a viiliaiiii- uplift thntUKli tlio l'.il:<i)/.oic
lliMii of Iime'<t4iiie umi i|UHrt/.it)>.
I'rt' tfliui.i
ifr:i\fl-.
Lrniv.l-.
<:n|,| (-,,,,1,
frdiii I'r. HI?
I'HK <.l,\CI \l. i.liAVKI.S.
Tlii'.s.. iiri' yi'llow, iiiiiili (li-coiii|)4isci| ;,'nivels, iiMiiiilly foiinil IkiichIIi
griivt'l iiiul fliiy of ii iniH'li (larkor apiM-iiriiiiic, and pniliiilily of ulucial
origin. Sucli i;i;iMl-i in the (li«tricl iirt- easily rfniijtii/fd. Tl.«v "re
often of ;i deep yellow lustrous ftppfiirillKc. On Ihmii^' lirokfll iho
fr.icliiii'-i will 111' founil lo ho hIho vi'lluwiMli witli oxiilc of iron. 'I'liiH
will oit.-n di'iidf brlwwn tho gi-nuinc nncicnt },'r-vcls iind tin' ^jravels
wliiili .ir(! simply oont>-ci with iron oxide fi-om atpriii;,' or wattr or>urse.
Huch snivels ('xi.it ill the hrojid will.ys of I'iiic iinil Spruce creeks.
They piLSH, lit times, heiieulh L'UO feet of drift or superf.iiil initeiial of
iiiorti recent orij^in. This drift was .spreiid over the old \iil'.yiind
strPiuns completely liuiyinj,' them at one time, hut Miiee that lime the
draiiiai,'e has ii^'ain cut down to its r'oniier level tlir;eij;li thi-> o\erlyiii);
drift and at some points the now or post jjlucial stream ha- followed
very elo.sely in the course of the older pre j;lari d one, and ha also
rowaslied its gravels and cut down to the old l>e<i lork.
On Spruce creek tiiese yellow ura\eU, as purtof a pre glacial stre.iiii,
were tnice<l from I'rouses tunnel .it al.oiit 100 helow Diseoxei v cl.iim up
to the lied rock of the soiill. heni h at hi^eoverv. Thev al.socxiend tor
a sliort distance up the western hank of Spriiie i reek aliove hiseov.iy
claim, hut are voon lost si','lil of l.enenih tl.e moraine iiialerial no
pleiilifully repiv.seiitP<l at the upper portion of Spruce creel>. Fimn
I'loiises tiinnr! lo Discovery clai'n, adisiiuue of nenlv two miles, the
course of this old chani'i'l appears lo ha\c heen aliiiosu strai^'htina
coiir.se of '.17 (mi e:iie!ic. ) 'I'lie pre-^eiit .-lieaiii is more crooked.
It has <ilt dowr. to the level of tile old sireaiii lied in places and, in its
windiii;;s exposes the \ellow irravel-, first on one sid,., then on the
other, lull the i:realei- poitiin of the yellow -iravels appears to he on
the western siile of the pieseiit streiiii. Inio this, niiny tiiiiliels have
U'en driven, expo-iii;,' a rat Ik r deep and wide depesit of the yellow
;'ravel.
The ;,'iavel t.iken out of IVouses tunnel is said to lia\e carried .*li to
thocuhic yard. At IK! helow I liscovery, on the ea-tern hank, active
work and sluicing' of these i;ravels was c rried on diiriiiLj last suniiner
Several iiu';i were prepai ini; to drive tunnels into Miis deposit durilig
the ensuiiif,' winter. The grade of the pre j,'l ai stream bed on
avium
PHKOt-AflAI, (iBAVKLH.
3.J U
Hpiuc.) crerk in Hoir.ewlmt »t^'t'^,^r tlmn thnt of i\w pr.'Mnt
Htr.vini. It 18 alxMit 140 f.-rt yt-v ,nil,.. .\„ ,.vi.|,.,u... „f pro -lucinl
grf. UwaH s..en Iow.t tluin I'rouvs tu..n..| ..xcepli,,^. «„„„. ynivU
8t.m,..d with ir.m ..xid.-, wl.ioli ..my haw l«.e,j ,|e.iv,.d fro.n the ..Id.T
channel iieiir by.
On Pine ere. k yellow gr.iveU ,.f a Lvsh conspicu-ms churaeter wen- I'lnPcr.-.!.
tmcod from StppliPn dyk- to tl,,. junotion of Gold Kui, with Pine ';'""T
creek, a .list.mce of ahoui lw„ .nil... They appear to exist aUjve this *^'"' "'
point on the north l.ank ..f I'i.i.' creek, Hhafts sunk into the po.st-
glacial channel of Cold Itun, ,.No pass throu-h a hmwni.sh white and
yellow !,'ravel, which is deco.npo.sed alon- li.ie,s of fractiKv. .Much of ..rav.l
the sravel he.e is of Kranitie origin, l)eiiii; de.ived fro.n the Surprise "^ ^''■""""
Lake granites. Such giaxels woul.l not collect in the vallev of Pino ""*''"'
creek un.ier present conditions. Tiie present courseof I'ine t'reek tVo.n
Gold Hun down to Stephen dyke follo« closely the course of the
oKlrr stream, hut appears to have cut sonicwhnt deeper from Willow
creek down to Stejijien dyke.
Hetwen (iol.j Run and W.ljow creek the yellow f;ravelH occur on
both tiie north and r.outh l.a.ik.s at times together a.id .sometimes as
far as sho« n, on oidy one bank. I'sually the .■imient stream bed
appears to have been quite wide, and .some of the work done .,;ay
be far fi-om the chief channel of gold concentration. T' e fall
in the pre.se..t stream an.l that of the older one appears to have
Ijeen about the same, for neaily a mile below (i<,ld Hun. About
Willow creek it has been cut down more deeply, leaving a little rocky
ridge between Willow a.ul Pine creeks, which ridge appears to have been
either bed-rock or rim-rock of the yellow :-,■,, ^,•l. This benci., twenty feet
above the chan.iel of Pine creek, and nearly as much ab<,ve the earlier
channel, Willow creek, has a whitish yellow rock surface, with a thin
deposit of yellow gravel and boulders, containi.ig some gold. Below Kvidenco of
W illow creek the somewhat oxidi/ed rocky benches down as far as "'''''■■ "='""'"*'
Stephen dyke, are at present the only evidence of the older channel
There is also a deposit of yellow gravel in the south bi.nk, opposite
Pme town. Helow the junction of Pine and Willow creeks it seems
probable that most of the yellow gravel has been re-washed and its
gold contents re concentrated in the present stream-bed, which is fairly
rich along this portion.
In the case of the Pine creek yellow gravels, there is at pre.sent no
indication of glacial deposits overlying them. The very deep drift- Moranic
deposits of Spruce Creek valley are absent in the upper valley of Pine ''"^'^'''■
creek Boulder clay occurs at Willow creek and between Willow creek
o
34
ATI l!« KlMThrCT.
t'linci'iilrati
of ^nhl III
^>r^■ tlarinl
• tliMllla,
Productiiin
«n<l Mtnphrn I>vk<» cn-ck, ttls.i iiioruiiii< ridijcx. Imt not ov»Tlyiin» the
luiL-ient stroiuii (it|H.«ii-«, n„ fur ii.t ol)«ervi(l l.y the writer. Tli»>r«' in
Honie o\iHeno« to show that ic HctiDn umy h»\o eleannl or kept cleiir
thin unp. r jKtrtion of i'iim ere. k. Tin trucinaof tlipsc iinoii-iit streiiiii
gravel', <>t I'itie iiiul Sprui-i- trpiks (Ifp.-iKlM iilmnst i-iitircly u|Hm work
dorm in slmftx, pxoftviitifms luid tuiini'l-«, wliitli have ex|Kwtil tin- con-
fjiicuously coluurtid gnivfls.
.11 Tlu' pri'sciit surfiio<s of tliese vulli-ys, covfrwl with drift and Icrrace-
dejKwils, iirtordH little inf'.rniiilion loncerniti),' the courses of pro u'liieial
strciims. Hence tliexe deposits lia\ e heeii found iiionK tliuse portions
.)£ the present streams wliiili have h.cn most actively developed.
What may exist altove or Im-1ow tlios(( limits of present exposure is
more or less conjeilural. It appears largely due to this coincidence
of the past and i)reserit streams tliat pay gravel js found alonj,' such
portion.s. Where such is not the case, the yellow jjravels may he found
intart and in a different channel, hut such a condition of things will
not he revealed liy surface indication- to any ^real extetil.
Ni'ither Pino or .Spruce creek yellow gravels were seen at a lower
level than ahout ."lOO feet alM)ve Atlin lake. Their existeni-e alxjve
(Jold Hun, on Pino and IMscovery claim on Spruce cr"ek is prooable,
but it i.s also not unlikely that portions of tliein liave lieen removed
by the local glacial action. On the upper part of Pine creek the
deposit is wide and almost level, as far as observed. Such a condition
aSecLs the concentration of the gold into pay-channels, ft is evident
that the drainage conditions of pre-glacial times was muih the same
a.s at present. How much the upper valleys have lieen a!iect.-d bv the
ice and the lower portions by th« lake system, is not apparent.
oKiKix Asi) oiTi'ur OK Pi,.\rER <;oi.i>.
>|f The placer gold production of the years lf?9»i-'.»!» and litOO since
the discovery of this district, has been practically confined to the basin
of Pine creek and .McKee creek, seven miles southward. The basins
of tliese producini,' creeks lie within an area of rocks which have been
given the name 'Cold Series', on account of their association with
the gold-liearing gravels. The superficial material which now covers
the broad valleys of Pine and Spruce creeks, whether the result of
pie-glacial, glacial or ))ost-glacial action, is almost entirely of local
origin. The narrowe;- X'-shaped tributaries of Pine creek contain
practically notl^ng but the ordinary mountain slope, dt'bris or wash,
and a stream-bed of coarse boulders of local origin.
•wnxiM.
POST (il.AiIAl. CIIANNKM.
.^.'5 II
It f.illdws from tln"t« tofiditioiiH that tlic k"''' <'"'i'''iitr»l«'<l iiloii;,- <; .1.1 .( I - .,1
th.'s(. I.H-.I ,irul pnwi.nt w.it..r.-..urs,M in nU„ ,,f l„,ii! uri-in, wht-thi-r ■"■'""■
•Ipriv.'d fn.iii thn v.-int, RtriIl^'t■r-i or the iii.mv or los inin«riili/rd
country m.k Th.-n- an- nmny stron'; v.. ins of .|imrt^ iiiitH«riili/<<ii with
thf« •.ulphid.-i of iron. |,.,i(l iind .opfHT witliin thfs.. Imsins Sonic iUho
conlHin fiv -uld, l)ul noni' of ••x.vptiorml riohiit^s w.tc olis.Tvrd.
Som.' blinds of rock, suili as thi- wide ma^jn.mit.- nxj^wurp of the
' Anacondu' ;,'roii|>, an- fouii<l to U- trav.'rsc.l hy innuin.ral.N' «trinuiT'<
of i|uiri/ ,in I r,i|.;it,.. The wliolts iua>» of th.- rouk carri.-s small
valui'M in ),'old.
Thf biutit.. slates of Wright n .k aro in j.lacfs much imj.rp«nal«'d
with iron pyrites and ^llow ..tlior «.\ i(ipn.r.s of iiiin..ruli/ation, while
liiicroso.pi,. srctions ,,f nil i|„.s.. ro.ks of the (iol,i Serifs sliuw the
prfsenee of muunetit.. and pyrit<-. It .scorns tlierefon- proh.dile that I'n.i.il.lv
the gold l,„,s heen .lerived ori-inally fn.m th.> wearing away of j{r.'at tan'ti!, a«'l'y
masses of the .-..uiitry roek to:,'etiier witli its contained veins
mineralized /ones. Th.> existence of a rich and exten.sive 'mother
lodo', woikalile as a i|uart/ or lode mine is unlikely.
Wiihin the \ ill.'ys of Spruce and Tine creeks very little has I, eon
<ione l.y the present post-glacial streams towards pnliirginj; or cutting
down of these valleys. Tliese cn-eks have done litth- heyond rewashinK
and reconcentratinj,' the gold already collect, din tlie drift and pre-
glacial channels. Any local richness in j)lacer gold will l.e foun.l to he
due to the presence of earlier concentrations in [.re ;;lncial gra\els, or
from the (hifl and postglacial channels, into which thepioent stream
has cut its way.
and::*:^"""'^-
■ ■ -cK .
POST fiL\ri.\r, fllANN'ELa.
Besidt>^ the present courses of Pine and Spruce creeks, there are l'"»t ^lanal
other more or less regular and well letined channels within these''""""''"
l.road valleys. Some of these are shallow. Hat hottomed depressions,
which apjiear to have been former courses of Pine creek. Such are
Ciold Uun and Willow creek.
Thron gulch appears to have been an earlier course, not unlikely
followed by a stream during the period at which the -reat terrace
dejiosits were laid down. There is no eviden--o of a large volume
of water having passed ov.'r this course for a long period of time.
Several short feeders or low ravines lead into Pine creek from the
south al)o\e Discovery claim. These are simply excavations in the
drift made by small streams during freshets, hut they appear to have
)• It
ATr.lX niSTKICT.
roncentr.U.-.| norn.- «„|,| ami t.. Ikhh ..nri.!„.,| the I'irif ("r.flc Kruvds
neiir til.. {H.ii,t<« ..f tl„.ir |.in. lion with that Mrram. (J.,1.1 Uun tr.-.k
'" ■* '"* "•••«"'"' '■" ' • »' '"If » mil.. l-.„Kt,n th.. m.ulh m.Ib „f I'in«
■-;iv,C
MUCK
ORCY ORAVtl..
51 LT
o' •■■-•■'.
>
PAY6RAV£L-TCa»Rlt.-
SHPtNTlNE BED ROCR.
.SECTION OF STREAM GRAVEL ON WILLOW CREEK
Scale 3ft- I INCH..
creek, one mile and a quarter above " ine city. This watercourse is
separated from Pine creek hy a low ri(l<;e of gabbro-diorite. Its surface
is about fifteen feet above Pino creek. A shaft sunk to a depth of
3a^E?
••lUM. I
TIIUON iil'l.f'll
thirty tU.. f..,.t j.-m^fM throu-h a n.v,.rin« of <|i»rk n.uok, tl uilo
grfty nntl (inullv y«"ll.iwisli nrny unml,. wliidi iin« liir;{.lv .•.,rii|»M)-<l ..f
gruniiK- niit'Tiil. sui h a« iiii«lit Im- il.riv...| troin ili. .Surpiis.. |jik«
grar.ii..'«. Thn ^riv.-l miiy Wh of prt. ^U.-iul ori;firi. Tlifi|..|ith to ln«|,
or rim n.'k oil ill.- ' |).mi|w.*.i I ,'i..u[i. inlicut.'i tli it ti climirn-l nior,
ilft'ply ,.ut til 111 Pill.' 01 k nxiHt.H i4t thin point. < iol<l viilu.., fti i|,ji
plrtoi- i4n> muil to be j{.„kJ. Ah liir as kiio.vn tlnT.- is no puy ;;riivc|
«luH III tliK lal.-r ^iiriiiii whi.li .■iit<l||.. fxi-tinj; ^hallow c.i.inn.'l. Tiit>
fill in Itif iimii-nt stri-iiin lifiitulli (.o;ii Kun iiui-it liivulM'en \pry
tlight, c^iliiinly ll'^1 limn 1 per ci-ni.
WILI.OU riiKKK.
llii-4 JH u W..II ilrlin.Mi .haiin-l .,u llir norlli miIi- of i'in.. ,T,,.k jimI \V,l|,,wcr.-.-k.
abovi- I'in.-.ily. Its l.-n;,.tli i^ iilH,iit half /i mil.- anil it is s.-|.aiat.'il
from I'int' tn-i-k liy a low ht-ntli or ricii,'« of -,.ip..ntiiic, to;,'i't!ii-i witli
some I lyki! rocks of a ilioritK' cliaraili-r. This liul.- liil),'.' h.is a thin
covfrin^' of yellow ^'^llVl•I, hut no y.-llow (,'raVfl was v,..'n in Willow
crei'k itsflf. If such at any time .'xistiMl it has h.-en re sorlnl ami s ■. t;,,n.
br.ikfn clown into tiie multtial jjiven in thi- following- section, in
ascending; onJcr.
Tnree and a half feot of coarse hJack ami red slaiiu'W -^'ravel nn ser-
pentine lied rock.
Two and i half feel of fine silt nrs.iiid, soiuelimes stained hiownish
red.
Five and a half feet of mixed gray j^ravel.
One and u half feot of black surf.n' muck.
The gravel below ths silt on U'd rock ciril'stlie chief values. In
thi.s former streana-bed there is .some evidence of (,dacial action, sucii as
the pressure of some deposits of uiias.sort. d clay and boulders, and .some iJi'J'iaUcVion.
striated boulders.
THRON r.iLcn.
This is not n gulch in the usual sense of the term, but a shallow ti„„„ ciulch.
fairly well-deKiied dejiression, soinetiiues constricted bv rocky outcrotis
of serpentine between I'ine city and .Spruce junction. Ueiween
Spruce junction and the western end of Munro mountain it is a shallow
wide depre.ssion, only a few feet lower than the surrounding terrace
"^
I'il
I).-. I r„
ri«i'hHl
k ii"(
5H u
ui.i^i bimHifX
Kr>vrl«
fl»U Tl(.r.iiir« «•, r.M kjr mt.r-'px to Iw am-n li..t».iH .Mj.rm-,. jmu
tion .111.1 t(i<, gi,|, (,1 .Mu„r.. iii.iuritaiii. ,\ir«r imiiiiriK tlii< «m., wlii.h
U «lH.ut 4<H) f. . . 4lN)v.. i|,« l..vel ..r Allm l..k.., a litrl. «tr,.«,„ h«» .ut
dw|.ly int., It... f.iriu-.- .|,-|»wie,4 .i,,,! ,., ...rtiiime, tlm chuiinel ..ti to
FiHirllidf .Fuly «rw«lc.
»t.'.l im-k. an far «« known, Ii«.h ,,.,1 \^,.,i rnu |.ih| Mt »ny |...in(
l..'tw..i'ri Spru... jumiioii ami Koi.rtl. -f .luly .r.-. k It i» prolmbln
tlmt ilM|i .|.p.„iit ..I t..ri.i.'.. iiiaiiTiiil ..v..rli- ihi>» jxirtiim, A i>lii»fl
»u k in th« «»|» n.»rtr .Munn. n...uiit,»iii f..r iiU.m 50 fw-t i.him. a
iltrk Krav< : r«t[...r Lvm iti m/... JiniMl^ „r „,uili tl.r .<ani- . hnrmfer
Ikiv.' U..n tl.ruwn uj. iron, pit, „i.,k iilon- il... uji|*i |«,rti"i. l»t«f.t»
Hprut- jun.tion itn<l Fin., .iiy. Tl...... »r« •.<»i.| to In. fair pr.«|,...tH
from »hi. .|,,v..lop.n..nt, l.ut il„. pr.m|» ctinn of this st...,ui. ..r tr.-.-k in
not Nulliiicnt iiH yt'i.
flT^ No ,.vi,|..„.... of pr...j<U.Jal o,- y.Ho« «nuH .l.,,o,itH w,.h n alo„«
tl.iH cour... Tli.y,.n. not liknly 1.. ....u,. alil.ou«|. it In u coi„n,on
»u|.,K>«ition ll.Ht !'in.. ,r...k one-; tollovv...j tl,i« .our,.- in il, w,iy to
Atho iHkH Tl... full from I'i.,.. city to Spru.r junction. 1 :. mil..,', h
iilH.ut i:.0 f..,.t. From Spru... jun.ti.m to Mu„ro n...ur.i.un, - r,
in.U-M, It i, about l(.Of....t: an.rf.om .Alunro n,.,un(ain to All, n l..k..
2 :. n.il.i, l.y way of tl... ,l....p|y cut i.ttk- «ul.l, an.l Kourih.of July
creek, the fall in ■»(!() f...i.
Ut«|>h>'n (lyki
Pinp enik.
HTKI'IIKN li\KK.
• The .mly in.|M„tant tributary from the south is Sfph.'n Dyke .•■■H.-k
usn.all stn.an. wlii.h-J.-wids in tl... mor.-.inic hills on th.- north m.I,- of
.Spru.v .reel;. It has .ut down „r re-ocTupie<i ,» rather .j.ep. narrow
valley, ,it t.nn.s U-tween tl..- m.uaines and .irift, nn.lat others h^twe-n
ftteep rocky walU of ^r.enston... A shaft sunk for 40 feet .,n this
course luts not r...tch,.d h..,|.r.K.k. Th« pres,.nt stream .evm» ina.le.
•iuatf to the tonnati..n of su.l, a d.ep and narrow vallev. No evidence
of this LeinK '<■ |'n.Klacial .hannel of Spru.o creek was ol,s..rve,|. It
is more likely to l.av l«.e.. a tei.iporary channel during the reunion
of the l,K-«l glacier at tl..- hea.l of Spruoo cr.-ek, unci ,.m such has
assisted ... a conc.ntrali..n of phicer gold. This also accounts to.' the
presence of .Spruce creek gold on the Stephen dyke Ijenches.
Pine creek, tl... principal gold-lK-arinK stream of Atlin district
dra.ns Surprise lake, eleven miles east of Atlin. For the li.st live n.iles
after leaving Surpris,. lake it passes over a Hat broad vall.-y. with little
exposure of rock along its cou.se. The fall of the stream in this di*.-
Kn^l-MK^ l>\HR.
39 r
r-
e 0«|y SUHFACt SOIL
AND ORAVtL
^RAVBl
»^y . . ^ /'. I . t . 1 .11.. , ..■•
.MLT and OUAVtU.
GRAVEL.
BROVIfN BLUE SILT.
REDDiiH COARSE ORAVEL.
5E.R?tNTINE BLD ROCK
SECTION OF PINE CREEK GRAVELS AT DISCOVERY CLAI
M
Scale 3rT=»iNCH.
40 R
\ru\ DMihtit
l»' I I.. 1,,
Uh. .. „ ,U.„, I •„, t, „, Tl... ,.,„...„.„„ .„ .niH. .rf H. ...uf. i. r.
c..n..,„ u.i„* |.,„„ ,,ty ^,„, ,.,., ,^^^,,,,„, „,,,^ _ ^^^1 ^^^ ^
..r Ir,, .M«,rt.,» ...M^rml. «l,.. ».,.»• ,l..|H«,f, ..f ..iff \>„uUi^r,Uy
........ ,-.r,.t.vru.. ,.,.,1.1^^.. „„a..r...l Ih. .• ,. M«lf,.v h,.„ ...1
Ht. ,.h.„ hyk,. ......1. „^ „ .U...,„,„.„„| ,„,r,,,,,.nl^ »m| .|i..rU.. lU,l..w
II..- .•ft..,., U..I niH.v. r.„.. ,„v, ,..r,M.„„n h« ,.r.,»,,l,n. U.I
r.Nk. li... tf,„„,^, ,,„j,„„ „, „^^ ^^^,, ^ ,„.-l..r.t,.|y ....«„.. U.ll.;r
"'7* " • »•"' "'-M- ••' 'lu «....| N.U4.-, ..,. ... . w..iaht ..; ^v
.M.»l ....,..., ,.,.. ,..., un.-«,„„„.„ Th„ ^.,1.) i, uMMlly *..||.„.u.,.|,.l ,.r
I1..1.-M-I, ,1 .Hw, ,,n„.M,,..lly „,.,„• lH.,|r.H-(., „ „allv m . r.-H.-r
. '^ "•'■• ' "'•• -'"^-l- 'l I" v..,y .■!,.,,., j, „, f..||..«,. ,„ „„,.„.,.
trig iir'ittr
•' " liMiwri liliii. .ill.
'-' " ;.'fii\i.|.
- '■ "ill aipl ;.'rii\fl.
•' (Wh- linurl
-' •• "f'M-.' «i.iy «niv..|. ilay iiii.l iiui.k.
""."""'-•'"^ '•'"'" " f"C.. ..f .1,,. ,.X..M>.i„.„. H»,..W, 10f,..,l,.f
M.U..I Kn....l, This is ,h« ,..y «,...vH I 1. ,. „ ..,,,.,„„„. J
r.Hk. ....I. „. ,.„vinK,,u.r,..,.., j, .iN.. r.u.„l .„. s....... of ,1... thinly
.•..v.r.Ml p.. ky U.||.l„.» :'() to OU f,.,.f „l.ove tl,.- ...mn,,.
AU. ..„....,.,,>„. hori.„„.,,,.y ,,„,,., „,...„,„, , ,,if,j ,„^„
'"'"''^ ■'" ;'"• ^'";' '" •' '•■"- '■•■•••k ••••l"« l'.-.v...y .uL Th..,e
..,-,...»r ... iH. ..«, her ,K.st « , I, .., ,,,„,. ..,...,;^^ ,^.,^,^,. .^ ,__
wan p,a.-„..ally .on.i„,.,| t.. ,1.,,, ,,o„u.n «hi.l, li.. U,.h...,. ,i„M ,{,„
^u..l >...,.h..n .lyk... 11... U.H, r..sul,. .,,p,..r ,o 1.,., ,„..„ .,,„,(„„.,
r...... .l,..v,0.nuy..£ -)i.oov,.ry .-hii,,. ,„.,| f..,- uIh.u., ;t.j claims U.|.,w i,
Th.. S„nri.« irydr.u,ie C.npany I.uh (it....l u,, .t, appliance, „„,|
.un,m.ncv.i p,p.„, ..„ ,ho north hank of I'.n.. .-reek, n.-ar ,1... h...] of
V . ow ore..k. Mrack-tU I ly.lraul.o . ...npany has takon ov.r ,.,„,,. ..f
U.I .wc.,..,.k. I.ur.„, th,. «.a.o„ of l.uuth..y appear to have cW
effectno and sucoi'usful work.
pruc, cr,;.U, Spnu-e ,„.ek is th« lar^c.^t tril.utarv of l'i„,. ..re..k Ft ri.es thirt
".il^. .otiu. south east, and faiU in it. course ic ,he juncti..n wTth
miuAitL
*tRPIir« tiVKK.
41 N
t*in«i .<r«N>b, -hh- ] T<><> U-vt Tl»< i)|>|>»r |Hiriiiiii i* >im):)y m low si'*'*y
fiiufio l>'>%'lni({ iMxr iti)<i Ktilifr- I'l-i'li himI ' MKtnnt'l rl*«'r LiW wnlo
■ |(t|H'« ^tl| 1 .tMlli' I.Hiil iiiitr.tinir tnitiMlil i-li in».|rrt/«' ill" ll»i»<l» "f •t'lt
ervvk nrni 41m '>!t..r iin<l \|iK»i'iT»«>k'<, all <>< *l»i'h htivn ilii'ir .«>«jrii««
frtmi ili» ■« irnf wnl>' iipl imU nr .VI|>iMf' iii"<ir< Tliw "ip|Mr ••■\««ii miU'»
i»l ihn »tr"itii tlii* tli>'iitt4li i» till iBiltiiiiM'tl s.ilU'y, '■ffwi'«"n ImiiU" nf
ilriU iiKitiTi.il ' " Im Iimi f.fl IhkIi, iiriil II f »ll« III l!u. .li.i.uiic iiIhhiI
4(H) f-.i
At K»kI'* p'Miil, twi> iiiilt* ffiiiii ltn! lit'O'l, lli-ri- I' .1 IlliU- ■ u. nil (•,!,, 1, ,1
fitriiiiMl (>v ii lnrrn r of rm-k", wliiiti i»r»< « iiiorH i|M«»r»/itii' f iiiii <.l ili« "''' '" '"
Id'itiii' >ilnl«'-. iif Wiiylit t (••••■k At lltii \>\,vf n t'lw iiiiii«'r« h;«^ •• '"•••m
pill|ili.yBil iliiriii;,' ihf •«^i».<ih« "if 1 "'.I'J- I'lrtt I'.Hti.iei-. «>( lhi> hk Uy
U'tii'h. itiiiily <''»>t'i«'<| with amvcl, !{•♦%•• i.'.»mI rrinni- III ;{'>lil I'.iy
li{r«vl i<< tiU'i lMMri|{ Wiiiitii'il iVniii ill" vull'-v Tlit- l« iml mi l»'i| iiH-k,
ItUI alxiVM It ttr<«tilili •>( nilt or I'liiy, lu'lnvir «« lijili K">i<l liu< lH-«-lt i*l«l
f'lUii'l lit iiiiiM' pointx.
Siv.'h iiiiU'i rr^iiii ii". li.'iul thf I'liiiriii'lrr nif th'- "tri-iim valley ilii»nB>'t. ci, ,„,,,, ,j
ft Inn- fiitiTH 11 liriKiil low h.iiiu-r of ;!l'>f|ixt<tt»P. »|iiill.ir t" thut ni \.t\\\
Ml K<'t> (T't-k !»iii| Sjirili'i' III Minlitiii I'lin ■.lii'iiiii full-* iiiiirt' rn|ililly
thmuijli II ii-rii't ni i|nii|i r,iiii>ii'<. I/i*it il'iwii, it njli il«M'|i!y into lliti
• iiifl, t..rmiii;{ n ilil. h likr . Ihliiiu'l tnnn '.'iMJ to |IM) ^nl i|iM|. nil. I .'(Ui)
til .•<<H) fi'i't ,iiTii"H frmii hiiiik I'lliiih., nf iti'' l.iuik->. Tin' iiiii'i'iliil , ,
lll.ll ;lll>l
(<X|mih>m| liy tlii-. iii'«'|i t'UlUii;; It ii iiinri' or li'-<- u-vii li>i| iliil f iNc lifi|i|fi| U.il.l.i .l.iy
ilrift, »i'li v.iiii.. i|<'|i i-iio nf «iilV hiiuliliT I'lav, luiitiviiuiii; '■triuiiil |,',J,',|^
ImuliliM's. 'I'lii'itt i-i littli' lii'it riH'k (•x|Hi><i>(l in all ilii> iip|»'r |><irt|iin.
'I In* yi'lliiw ^{r.ivcli .u'i» lilt into hi'r«« uml iIhmi' liy ihi' |ii»'-i'iii ilri'iiiiii
whioh fulls iiliiMit l,.'liM) »' -Mt in lln- Inwi-r -ix imi1i-> mi 'i :.'riii|t« nf frmu
2v» t'» ',\ I>'<r ri'llt.
No livdriiiilii' iiriiiiiK of inipniinniM' Im^ Ih-i-ii nrrii*! mi u|Hin thin
cn'«>k. I'liifiT iiiiiiiti;,' liai Imm-ii iiitivc for I'l- |i:Kt tvm mimmuk on thiit „,,(" !,\|','| "ii"'"
portimi of till- I'l'i'i'k from 13^ liclow to M) Im'Ihw Hi-iovfry. aUu iit a
few pliic'i-s lii;,'liiT up, (I 1 III ill'' lii-nohfs iii'iir Iliscuvi'iy cluim, nls.i /it
Ivii^li' jMiiiif Tilt' ;iri'a r piHtimi of this ^tn'mii, thou;;h provrd lo t««
i;oliMi<>iirint; at |M>iiil« ^iilcly apart, has not hwii workfii hy {ilaicr
mining, on Hvifiunt of i iu' dHplh Ui l«Hl-r<Hk. Th«> siijiply of wiiti-r it
fully iitilizcil at pre-'i.t hy thi- plat<»r minors fur thi'ir water wht-ils
ati'i Hluici's. Tim i^old in usually coariM*. Soini" iiug;;«lK, up to (i)
ounciM in Wfiijhl, ha\« lH,'«'n taken out. This j;olii runs* snmewhat finer
than that of Pine ir«i'k.
Uuliv ert*ek lies fnurtein nml a half mile" ast of Atliii lake. It in llul.y . rw-k.
the iiioit easterly of the ^^olillwaring creek , triliutuiy to I'ine creek,
t. M
«m% it|.||ii«Y
Mbt.t|.
\iUft
ll...li.l. I
irrithiii lull
Alhii l.il...
Iivilr mill-
• "inp.iiiy.
'" ' ** ""•••'-'••» -MM.rk.My .|...|., r^iUf rt,. »,..t».„,.«.J s^Urs:
" "■'■ ('^"■«^'» W '•< ih. .horil.. „ I ,H.tl»., ,!„!•, aivi «.rK.,«»rw ..I
lilt. t.„l.| ^„,,. , -iL^ ,,il«yi|..*i,w.ir.| .r.M.. Il,«... M|.|«.r Iril.tiUM.- Ii..,
»•<♦ «l. r»ri, «„„»,. I, ,,„, |,,„, m,^., ,„ ,^ .„^,,. ^^j^^^, ,^ ^ , ^^1^
«••*. l»...M.i,h •»,..(, ,»,„ ,„,„,.t .„,.^ ,,^, ..^^ *,»...,. M«rn.« C...8.,,,
*' '""»1'^V »llh It,..t, .umI |UH,M.,r .rM..k., •h.,h ,.|,.. ,|r„„.
U.ln. IN r.Hk. .1 il,,. li..!.! ?*„,..,. ,hr ,,,,.1.11.. |-.ri|..i. .,( Itul.v .fk
. ...«M U.S. ,Mv.,„ ,,l^....,. Th. ,».«,..,, ..{ Ih.. . rr. k „ ..Nr.U.M l.v
U.r b.,rt|, ,x „..«,„u,„ ..r «•..,.„. ,.,,.|r„!l, anol.j v.,l..,n.., It..,.,,, u,..
*«l..,„ ,»„!,„.,( ,J,U Vill-v. «,„| i(.r hurpriM. «n.„.i... .«..,,, v il...
,..».|rn, ,=.„;;.. ,„.«, ,h« ,„.„„t,. |,„t ,1,., „,,,..,r,„.r. I,,., |h .„ .I'.n.lv
•I'"!'-.! I„ KK-kii ..r 111.. <i.,|.| .■H..,,r.
«. Il..ul.|..r .r-.U U !•.';. „„t,.. „„,t ..,• aiI.„ •„.| ,,nr,,||H ,.. \M,y . r...k
H« l..r,«tl, H ,.(..,„ ,i, „„|„ ,■,„. ^,„^ ^,„ ,,^ ,,^.^.^_ ^_^^ „...,|..„.|„. ,
up ir.t.. il... „, .n.i.. ,^„„,„ „, „, ,,.,„, ,;,„,„, ,, ^^,^^ ^_^^^^ _j ^^ ,_^ I
r.Hk4.f,.r.|.,»,.,|„.„r „ „, t.„. .,v,., y ..U„„ ll... »„||..y ..ni... . ,. . k
.""' ' •""""•" V ,U,«..| ki„.|, i.„.| i, »,..«»,!> hll...| i„ ».,(, l„,„i.|..r,
ri..T..,.,f„||. ,,„,„,„, l,|.M.r.'..llH..«.H.„,l,....-,„„.l,.,rk,,.,„|.s,„,,r„.,
I'.k- Tl,.. vol,,,,.,. .,f ,..t,.-r ,. ,..i!i..„.,„ r..r p,. ,.•„» ...-.I^
J'iM.r M.inH... I,. U.,.„ . .,,,...1 .... w.tl, M„i...., ,|„r,„« U... «.„,.„„
ofl>''l. hH,., I!,.. ^,,1,1 U. ■.«.,.,., ..,„. „„^,^.., ..f ,'...,., „ , ^.,
n f«.....| ,.„ |.„... w.,y ,.|,.„„. |.,,y ^„„,„, „ j„„,„, ,,^,^,. I,, -..v. ry .I.,.,,.
•■>. :^ .'.„„„.. l„..|r.N.|<. ,h.. .,„ly in,,,, ,|„..,v...| ,„ „,„ .,,„,,„,
";'; y '"• ""••"""•••' (-r l.> .l... t„,i rl.,* .I ,.,,.,r ,„„„..„ .., „,.,
W.II..V «,„ .,ni^„i„lly .«..■„!. i... I l,y„e,,„.,|„. ,U,,„..,- ,|,.. ,;„|,| .s..,,H,
1 1.,.,.. |„»w, Ih,.,. *..r„,|„*„u,„J,|,.. o.,.t,ii,...|^..,l,l ...,.c..,.t,.,„..| „„
U... «rH,.it.. w|.,..|, u,Ml..,h.. ,1,..,,, I ,,..„ ,1,.. l.,w..r,,„r. .., ,(.„ „nn,„
II... I... r..„.,.,,. Hv.in.uli,- .Sy,„|„„„. |,„, „ I..,,,.. ^ „„„,,. ,^,^^ ,^,,_^
I.Ulll M„.| s,„„.. ,,i,,j„y ,|.,„.. ,|,„,j„j, t,,.. ,.,„,.„_ „^ ,.„,,, ,j.|_^ ^^^^_^
P'.rti.,,,, „f ,1... |.,.Hlucliv. Kr..ur.,i l„„.i{ ,1,11 ,„ tl,.- I„.„.U .,( ,,ltt,...r
Kiivl. ..r....k i> „i,„. mile, ...„, ,.f At lit, It i, ,,,,r„ll,.l ,„ |;..ul,|..r
rr.-..k .,,,,1 „ „.u,.|, ,h.. sa,i„. il, »■„,,,> „,.,1 .•|,«,„ct,.r, with a ...mll,.,-
t1"w ,,, water. Art,,..,!,,.. ,|,u,... t..s..tl,..r *i.l, „.„„. ,„Mj:n,.Mt,.. ,|„„i,.,
«M.I iin.-.M.,,... »,.,.„ tl,.. ,..i,H.-,.nt r.i„«t.s. Th..,.- ,.«k,ar.. tr.,^,.,■,..,i
.V -..,„. v,.„,tlll.-.i ii>,ur..s, u,..l tl.,.y uK., o-mtair, Iur«.. Ih,,!!.., .„■„ «|,i,..
'"'"■•■>' l""i<iii« M"'"'. ll.iM stwi,,, rt.tur„e,l fair |,av t.. ,,!,», .-r
;"""•'" ''"^"'^•' "^"•' " '"'*'" l-'-n tHk..„ ..wr al„;..„ ....tireiy
-y tl... Atl,„ Lak« lly.l,.ai,lir Compai.y. which ha. I.uilt a tl,,,,,.. h,„1
1»KU>' .>iK.rat,:.„M „e,,r IHs.overy clai,,, at the lower .-n,! ..f t|„. ..rp..k.
:i
L 5
5 *
.■»...^ ,«f,| s
^ --^
fVi'
^jpSP
,vr
":^
>
-w
aviLLOt ,
HTKHHKN DYKR
13 II
Huhy, liuuliItT iiii<i Uiiihcn«kH art! tli« tliren chief northern tribii
tariou i>f Pine creek. They artj iklike in phyniial features hut ililler
from tlio otIiiT (^ol.llx'iiriii;; Htreaini. 'I'hey Bpi>eiir to lie simply the
V-shiiiieil valleys ami hasitis, due to water ami huow erosiun, and now
contain no wvidenco ofulaeial orijjin or deposits.
Wri;,'ht creek flows into Surprise lake from the south. It i.s the U riglit cntk.
most, easterly of the pr.Kluctive creeks Houth of I'ine \ alley. Thi'
lenj,'tli of ihi.s stream is six and a half miles. Its sources are like those
of Spruce and McKee creeks up-in the Alpine upi:imU of this district.
Th,< upper fxirtion is al«)ve timlwr line. The stream flows over .i
rather soft hiotito shitt- which wears flown without leaving; houlders.
It is this upper exposed portion of the stream hed which has so far
proved prwluctive. The jjold values app-ar in some places to \tc found *'"M fiMiii>l m
deep in the deconiposeil slate and in the banks at some distance from '"""'*''•'"''■■*•
the stream. 'I'he rock is heavily iinjiregnaled with jiyrites. Free
mercury, cinnabi.r and native copper are said to l)e found also, hut
no certain evidence was obtained. The h)wer ''iree miles of this
valley are covered too deeply wiih drift to atlbrd placer di>;«inj;s. The
Peiuiu;{wig Hydraulic Company Las operated to some extent on this
portion of the stream.
The rpiality ai > colour of the gold found on this stream are s.miewhat
different from thatof I'ine creek and its northern tributaries. A moie
than usual amount of black sand and pyrites is concentrated alon;,'
with the gild in wa.shing. The slate of this creek resembles very
much that seen in many places to the south-westward. At tliis point,
however, it is in contact with the Surprise granites to the north, and
may have derived some of its value from that circumstance.
Otter creek drains the slopes between Spruce and Wright creeks. IL »»tt.r crck.
enters Pine creek close to its outlet from Surprise lake. Like Wriglit
creek it rises in the groat uplands 1,700 feet above Surprise lake. Its
length is about ten miles. Si.x miles from the mouth there is a little
cafion, much like the one at Eagle point on Spruce creek and in the
same rocks. Placer mining has been successful at this p^.int. lielow
this upper cafion the valley has a tiat-bottomed, til led-in appearance
and no productive work has yet been done. Near the mouth, there is
another cafion, composed of quartzites, limestone and a talcose rock,
containing large patches of a barren-looking quartz. This stream mucli
resembles Spruce creek. It has the same drift deposits and little
morainic hills. From the upper cafion to Pine creek there is a fall of
about 900 feet. The volume of water is greater than that of Wright,
Boulder or Birch creeks.
^, ^
li
't
TW
w^m
U II
MiKin cm I,
ATLI.V DlftrniCT.
l'riiiii|iallv
K" ' Il-t..n. ,
•111! qiLillz,.
I'vilraiilir
w.,rk hv
*^yii'lio;iti'.
Matrnedc
"••|>anitiii-,
niiliiiif,' n.,|
CoMt of
priKllKtinli
too great.
^•"•ek, .s.,v.... „.i,., ..,,,,„. .V,,, . ll , '"- '"■"'• "'"'"■"<' -^^PruL
A Mir M.,,,,13. „f ,,,,,t,,^ ,^
tns .tr.u,„, wind, l„.s n„,v Uvn ■■"" f""'"'* "^ -'va„t„,., ,„
^e™C;t;v;;:;;r:,:;;;:-^
' '^ ""'i-- -.Ki . i.:.,7:;; :' ';r'"^.""-"'^- - —..at ,e^
tl.- creek. ,,... ,,„ Wliciency ' U.^'tvCu ";: "" ' """""""■^ "^
and the p..o.e„.e of p|,ui„„,„ ^, ^^ ^ ^ J-" '-^gn.-tie .,„.,,,,„,
^ 'iit'tals of the sHUif group.*
V.AUTZ AM, 1.0,,,.; ,„j„^.,,
I. "e. reek have hee„ prospect. ,t:"""'' "'''"" •''" -^""r of
acfvelv worked. Some of the .nin!r d , "'''' ""' "''^^ '''-«
a-Hl probable por.na.ence. The'o t 77'^ '*''"" ^'""-^ °^ '''-"gth
heavy. Transportation rate-sLdedTou/^'-T'^' '' ^'^^''^'^^
• -Sumn-ary R.pon .;e;ri;;;rCan.ri900. „.7r
•VILUM '
ylAHTZ ANP I.<MiK »«lNIMt.
4.'» II
cr«el{, a inhutary of h.uitl. "f July. tl..T« an- vi-in* of tfol.l
Learinw 'lOTt/. So>,i.. of tl...>.t. .l.|M,MtH hh- M.on-. w.ll .l.tli.-l
WhI.'s u-ii.illy will, u -invito ..f .|uiirt/. s.ili.l.iil.'i* of iron, l.'.i-l
arxl cop|..T Hi« pn>M'i.t. A^ fur ,ih .U't.-raiin.'.! iIr-m- ur.> ik.I of lii«li
enough vulue in the preciou-. mi- uU. to .'iioouiH,'.' iIi.mi .i.-v i.niiii.-i.t
during prc^t-tit conilitions of h.Mvy <'oi(»>.
Oth-r .l.'i.osit. of mo... or l..,s fr..- mill.M« ;;ol,l .,uHrt/ <'ff<''- '«"'''• ^::;;;;;:.;|t';i''
rnturiiHl\.r.l.-v..lo|.iM.-i>t. In somi« o/im". vi-ry ri. Ii ii-siiyH urr given.
Th« result of mill lo«t« n.ii.l.' by the Niinio.l Syn.licut.- [.^'opl.' with
th,.ir Humll tix.vMiiinp "liH ^'t Allin It" to M.ow iliut }{.Ti-nil av..ni«os
aro iiio.l.-ruielv lo*. Mill t.-st- of tl..' An.u-onda loik, tin iiuriforou.
ma-n.-ito (lq.u,sit of l,'n«al .-xlorit, sl.ow it to \y of t.«) low u'i»-l« i"
gol.l to pav uiul.r onwr.it .■on.iilio.is. A mill run lontiiiu-.l for
Bcvernl week^ upon tlie oro of thn ' Pftris Kxliil.ilion ' on Munro poak
gaNf. n-'onlina to pul.lisli..l .-.■port, a liltl.i ov.m- .■'lU.UO p<'r ton in
g,.l.l. ;i,-h valu. s .1. ,1,'old an- roport.-.l from iho ' Ivy May ', a quart/ |l|^';,;:;','"""
vein on tl..; Tina mountains; also from tlio ' Yellow . I aok.«t' whi.h
crosses I'iui- cre.-k half a milt- above Uisrovry claim. Som.' fr.-.- «ol,i
ami argentitr w.-r.i «et>n in the win matt.r of the ' i.akovii.w ' daim,
near .Surprise lake, and a solid hut umletined dep-wit of tjalena and
pyrites occurs on the 'Sunset,' at the summit between Kcely and
Consolation creeks.
Near the head of the east fork of liirch creek there is a stron;; and ■ I,,.tl^ K.li.a
regular vein, the ' Little K.lna.' This is well mineralized with iron- ''"'■
pyrites an.l some chalcopyrite in a (juartz gan^ue. This curries some
values in gold and silver, Other veins and miiieruliml IxKlies are
found principally within the rocks already defined as the Gold Series.
It seems probable that some of these will become oroductive in time,
especially those which are more or less free millin. Under present
conditions as to co.st, ores of a smelting character will necessarily have
to be of high grade. The presence of coking coal in this or some neigh- I'tj^'J'c^L"'
bouring district may, if discovere.l, cause an active development of „,.>.ai.j.
the '•efractory ore bodies.
The Engineer Mining Company is developing the ' Hope ' claim on
Taku arm, eight miles south of Golden Gate. The ore-body is com-
posed of quartz and has an extensive outcrop at the lake shore It
carries values in free gold, also some stibnite. Telluride of gold Is said
to be found but it was not detected in sjK-cimens examined in the
laboratory of the Survey. The country-rock is a dark twisted slate,
almost a shale in places. Quartz stringers and iron-pyrites are found
throughout it. This is the only observed occurrence of precious metals
>- ■■..,*•
4fi „
ATMv hmnirr.
Nat
!ivpcii|i|i.
"Cciirri'iK ...
'-''H"t-or M.tiw. ,., ';'\ '" 7'-; •"*^''-'W with «o„,., „,.k,,
«>""*"t with th.. s,„..|.u„I. '""■''''^'•"" ^"•■'*"" "'•' ^- fn.,„ ,1...
M
U'at.r
watkr Avvr.vsis.
-"•"— '-x i"::i';:::".:;:Lrr ;'■'''■«•*'''''•' •''^'^^-
N... I T.k..n f,. • l«l«.rftt»ry of the Survey
.aline ,n,u.or ... l.i,,3 .Ji"'/ '"'"''■ ''^ ""-I .li.s.sulved
anaI,,U Hh...e.i the presl; :;": ""' ""^'■"" *<*"«"• A ..uul.tatK.e
f'.-'"' very smull .,UH«titic.s ■
'-"oe, >,inrtll .juantity •
Chlonne, very .small ,,ua„ti,y;
feilica, trace ;
Ory/inic matter, trace.
ri'is .spring is lukewarm It l,a, I u
niound of calcareous .sinter or tufa a, dan "'' " '""''''^ ^''"*""«'' ""^
contact of the , „>,„„,, mJZell '''.'':'' f" '-"" ^-^ near the
the only .arm .pri„. „oted i.: tHXlL"'' '" '^"''"^'*^-^- ^' --
^':u. ^o^d i;ut:;::t;::t — ;- -.eo^ ...a water.
^•^-. It i. de.crihed . a J^l Z^):^'^] ^f '^^-^ ^-very
Hfent and colourless water, devoid
liikiuarii]
Allah .,
»<>cjiil.j.)
»■ ,f' :»»,.A
■»* '"lij
m^^.^jk^'i
af. <^<*
PJIM
WVTkH A1IAI.VXIH
, o.|..ur or «..y n.»rko.l U-i.. Ih,' i-ul .i.»*av.,l .^lii.. ••.•«« wm
»,» gr«in. |»r .u.i.«.»l «all..«. A .iM*huiive ^ii.ly.i. .1...*^! th.
rt<HU, vory mimll 'itMnUly ;
Liiiu', ralluT ninull i|u%iitity ;
M'»|{ii«"i*, ri»llii«r Kiimll iiuuniuy ,
Hulphurii- i»ri'l. tnup ,
C»rU>nii' nul, iM.uif-whttt lirni- "lunnlity ;
Chl(*riiii<, triic« ;
Sili«i», trarf ;
Oij{nnio mattiT, taint iriio-.
|l<,iliii(j !.r.H|u..>(i a r.ith*r nmull prncipilat*, oonHi^tit.g »t o«rbonat.'»
iif liiii" and nia|{nfi«i>t.
TliiH wufir, when irvAx, u ^ll.»r^. iin.l ,.l.>»«aht to ih- Ui-t.'. There
a,.j«.arH U> \m eon-Ul.Tal.le tr-« c,u>H...i.' aci.l. Th.. only .l..,H«it it
leaves on tlir urastilt U a titaiti of iron.
N... 3. A «an.i.l« of w.U.r w.u. .•olU-ct.-l fron. a mineral spring at the H-";,-";;;;;;,
north »-n<l of th-- town of Atlin. in order to pn.vp, if |M)H»ihle, lh« reUtion ,,,„„.r..Ni'r»'«
of nuch watern to the hydru-maun.Hit.' (l.|.<.Mt« in ih.- vicinity. This "'
wat«r ha/. »*«•» exa.nine.l in th.- lain -aU.ry of tlie Survey, and i»
r.-p«rl.«l ujH)n iw follown liy Dr. llolTinunn : —
Tiiis water wan found to contain :
Potftssa, tracei".
Soda, very small quantity.
Lime, viry sniiill quantity.
Magnesia, somewhat lar^e <|uantity.
Ferrous oxide, trace.
' Sulphuric acid, very small ijuantity.
Carbonic acid, large quantity.
Chlorine, very small .|uauiity.
Silica, trace
Organic matter, faint traces.
The magnesia amuuntcKl approximately to 1-834 parts i" 1.^0, an J'-W;!;-
amount which would correspond to H-S51 of magnesiun. carbonate, or i,y,ln.^^^^
5-869 of magnesium bi-carbonat.-. It is more than pr..l.ab'.e that it is ,,,-,««,.u.
to the water of this and similar 9( rings in the vicinity, th.it the
deposits of hydromagnesite, occurring near Atlin townsUe. owe
their origin. This spring is surrounded by a .leposit ot hydro-
magnesit*, with some iron oxide cementing this material. Akng a
iiafti » .i*# ^ik.*,#i
4« »
K*ll..
ATi.iM rif.Tm. t
'"•« - »"••' I ...,; !::::;' "'" •» '•>■'-......,.."::.:'
""*••••-•' — .f .(...... .,.,,.,„•.'"""" •^^»" -» «!■...« .hi,. our,..
I'ie, (..n,. i„.„„ , ^ ^
-'-'. iy-.-^. nu.., .,. „:,:;;:. :;;.;•;; ^- '- .,...,. ,.,., ....,.,..,
3';; ' •'""-• ^" ■"'^ :*;::;: '";•, ^-"-^ -" ••"•«-'-
.M«|.,,(
•twtrii I,
UmiihI irti.
dilfl. .lit
l« "li (iiii-.
'" •^'"nnwtiori witi, f|„. »,i
"*••"'"'"' '■" •' «,,...ur ... : , , '"^"''^'"^ '"•■ ""-.one, ,,„
'-tun. oi th. K.SoK;:;it::;Lr *" '^^ '-- -<i-. ...« „.i„
"'% ■**"T:'**""^"'
U ^nr
•#§•*? •«(> * ¥■ m» u
lit VnmrnitfCHniilM
t> « a >ka ••« *** •• •'••«><'•
Th« Mcrtffr.*- , [,m''«j Ontm
a I tf-ta ■}nmm,
h • *'*ttfmtt.%'Hf .ij.H.Lii ii^f ,.
X«.7IJ
Pric« iOcH