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I'' Tkb art and practice of making maps or charts of the features of parthsular regions and Provinces, so as to delineate to the eye their positions, boundaries, subdivisions, and pccupation by proprietors-thai is, CAt/rog-mp/.^-has attained to no small degree of excellence in Canada. A similar remark might be made concerning TopogrflpA?/, differing from the former as the delir nation of a town or small distncl does from that of a whole country. For a long time after the cession to Great Britain, in 176S, native genius for pursuits of any kind not immediately connected with the necessary requiremems of daily life, had little or no opportunity of cultivation, or even of making us existence manliest. As respected professional occupations, in dboneotion with religion, .aw, medicine, and the ordinary preliminary acquirementsderivable from courses of education, whatever opportunities did exist in the country itself were to be found only at the city of Quebec. Art waa an exoti« ; and if any persons wished to cultivate the arts, such as music and painting, or any refined pursuit requiring special training and skill, it was necessary, if the expense could be afforded, to go abroad to the metropolitan centres in England and France to seek the necessary facilities. Down to a comparatively recent period, whatever was needed to mlDlster to art of any kind was wofuUy deficient in Canada ; so that the Catholic Bishop Plessis. who died in 1825, and who had a great taste for painting, is roocrded to have long ,. ,i„ I.* ,1.- ~.<.ana Af vonlaAinff bv better* yet tnd eainestiy sougui iub zncsuc v. — j-'- — o » ' - L ^//2^//^r4U/ \ ^ I Y // 1*273 V44^ 94 CANADIAN CHOROORAPRT AND TOPOORAPRY. cheap, foreign prodactions, the pictures in use for embellishing his country churches, though they were believed to be fine by the people at large, and especially reverenced when they happened to be the work of native artists. In fact, the Bishop found them repugnant to all his ideas of art, and sometimes grotesque enough to excite his well-known risible faculties, in spite of efforts to preserve his gravity. I do not mean to say that there were absolutely no persons acquainted with the p3lite arts among the seigneurs and clergy. But these were few and scattered ; and whatever their disposition may have been to generate a good taste among the people, the circumstances in which they were placed were such as to prevent the exercise of any considerable amount of useful influence in that direction. Of rourse, what has been stated concerning art generally is applicable to the pursuits now under notice ; and if any native French-Canadians have excelled in these, as some are known to have done towards the end of last century, — for instance, Charland and several others whose names might be cited, and especially Jean Baptiste Dnherger^ — then, all the greater may their merit be esteemed, and so much the more "Worthy are they of our remembrance and of honourable places in the list of Canadian worthies. Being, as I shall endeavoar briefly to recall to the notice of the members of this Society, connected historically with tlie progress of a country, the pursuits of those men seem to be included in the Society's objects. ^ shall premise a few more remarks concerning maps and charts generally ; and when I have done this, I shall refer more particularly to the career of those that are Canadian, and which illustrate the chorography of this coantry since the cession. So far as my experience enables me to judge, most people, when they think or talk about maps, seem to do so as if they X CANADIAN CHOROORAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY.* 95 considered tlietn mattorg of no great importance, except for reference for ordinary geographical purposes, or to accompany the perusal of books. The fact is often overlooked that numerous branches of art and manufacture minister to the production of wtU-executed maps ; that the particulars to be inserted are themselves results whicli could not have been procured unless numerous other pursuits flourished, requiring labour, science, and nkili for their exercise; that the equipments and qualifications of an accomplished surveyor, even to furnish some of the topographical particulars, imply the existence of many branches of knowledge, and long-laboured-for refinements of art and skill in the mere construction of his instruments ; that mapi^, even when faulty as tu execution and incorrect as to contents, have often a very high value as historical records and as shewing the stale of art and geographical knowledge at the time vvhcu they were made, and as measures, by comparison with older and subsequent maps, of human progress). If we could only obtain a correct history of maps and charts themselves, say of Canada, with an assorted series of specimens of them lodged in some accessible quarter, we should have the means of familiarizing ourselves with the history of its progress, political, religious, social, and intellectual, far more generally useful and far more easy of comprehension than could be offered by any nun>ber of merely descriptive historical works, however eloquanlly written. We should be reminded, by the coacessions of estates granted or sold, of the meritorious persons by whom the progress has been chiefly promoted. We shoulil realize, at a glance, when and by whom settlements were commenced ; villages, towns, and cities were founded ; when and where roads and bridges, and canals, railroads, and telegraphs, were established, to supply the wauls of increasing population and commerce. Noihing, in an historical point of view, and as regards progress, could be more valuable, as a record, than such a series of maps and charts, Those, then, who hava i / to OAITADIAW OBOKOOBAraT AMD TOPOOBAPHT. I laboured snocessfally in the production of such records, — who have devoted their time and their sliill to such objects, >vhether as the nrigioal producers of the maps and chart?, or as correct and skilful copyists, — certainly merit our respect, and deserve to be remembered whenever we seek to recall the memory of those who may have deserved well of their countrymen. We do not at this time possess in Canada any arranged collection of maps and charts illustrative of the history and progress of the country, accessible to the public. The best and roost extensive is undoubtedly that deposited in the Crown Lands Department of this Province, where there are many originals, and copies of these kept in order for reference find for official uses ; and this collection is, of course, being continually increased by the work of a considerable body '>f highly-qualified gentlemen connected with that department. fiut I here speak of maps available for reference by the public, and not merely for departmental service, which ia quite a different thing. There are the elements of such a collection, but dispersed ; and they can scarcely be aaid to be catalogued or generally accessible. In the library of the Laval University are to be found numerous maps and plans relative to events, regions explored, and structures, under the old French rigtme. In ihe splendid library of the Dominion, at Ottawa, is the largest collection, with respect to historical purposes, including many of the oldest maps of British North America, from the southern boundary of Nova Scotia and the St. Lawrence to the Arctic circle. An inspcntion of the oatalogue of the Parliamentary Library would shew how many valuable illustrations of the history and progress of this country, in the shape of maps and charts, might there bo fouad. All who have the pleasure of knowing the enlightened and accurate librarian, Mr. Todd, are aware of his ability to appreciate the utility of such records. But wiio -Cas wosuer luSt, is *us slusshqs of spscs ssil <•« OAMAOIAK OlIOIOOKAraY AMI) TOPOOIiraY* 97 opportttoilies of having them arranged and exhibited, so as lo be conveniently acces-iible to the pabllo, and arnidnt overwhelming labours entailed by other presjoribed duties, there should be warning, even in the catalogue, the appearance of chronological order? Besides, the collec'ion there deposited is very incomplete, indeed, as respects North-American and Canadian chorography and topography. There are, I believe, no maps or charts in the recently- commenced libraries of the Local Governments ; and it Is not within my knowledge, (hough I have often made enquiries concerning this matter, that any private individuals have devoted themselves to the making of such collections. When we consider the relations of chorography and topography to history; the neglect which prevailed during the whole of the last century to regard maps, especially old ones, as essential historical records, and, therefore, to preserve or recover them ; the various causes of loss of old map4 ; the nature of the materials— wax, brass, copper, silver, paper— to which the precious lines of maps have been committed, and the carelessness and rapacity of conquerors, whenever these documents have fallen into their hands ; the necessary wearing-out of those inserted in books for their illustration ; the jealousy of ancient and modern maritime nations, which induced them to conceal from their rivals in commerce all knowledge of their treasures of this class; the general disposition to discard, as no longer useful, old maps of regions incorrectly or imperfectly delineated, and to supersede them by others of more recent origin ; and that the work of exploring, surveying and map-making, is susceptible of an endless approximation to truth and perfection,— we can be at no loss to account for the absence of a complete collection, not only in Canada, but in any other country. The considerations associated with these points are certainly worthy ol serious aueniion ; and if time permitf-H, it would be easy to shew that they are now generally held to be so ia England, France, Germany, and the United States. / 98 CANADIAN CHOBOOBAPHY AND TOPOOBAPHT. ( \ Geographers, travellers, and historians have commonly inscribed in their maps many things not spoken of In their writings, finding it a less laborious and a quicker method of reaching the understanding to speak to the eye than to the ear. Their maps often serve ixs in place of books. Older maps are reqaired for testing and verifying the information conveyed by new ones. Bjundary questions, so prolific a source of warfare and misery in the American history, and various political and social considerations, have been, as everybody knows, intimately and vitally connected with, and dependent upon, the matters of which we now speak. Need we, in this connection, refer to the early quarrels between the Spaniards and Portuguese with respect to the division between them of the tropical regions of North and South America ?— to the innumerable collisions between the French and English as to their limits further north ? — to the disputes between England, France, and Spain, concerning Florida, Nova Scotia, and the regions beyond the Alleghany mountains? — to the uncertain state in which boundary questions were left concerning Canada and the United States, or, rather, inherited by these from the forefathers of the people of both ? It has been alleged that during the 17ih and 18th centuries no war occurred in Europe which was not in some degree connected with such questions, respecting boundaries in the western hemisphere, and no treaty of peace concluded without some articles or stipulations concerning them. On such occasions American maps were in general request ; and it is said that when the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle was negotiated by French and English commissioners, the single question of the limits of Nova Scotia occasioned the recourse to at least fifty American mapsjold and new. Maps have played an equally conspicuous part in later important transactions of an international character. Witness the settlement of the N. E. boundary dispute, when Lord Ashburton and the British negociators are alleged to have acceded to an agreement by which we Canadiak cHorooraphy and topoqiiaphy. 99 Canadians and our posterity now and iortvrer are held bound to a result which debars us from the use of a rnucli better approach to the ocean than our own territory can aflbrd, but which need not have been accepted if existing auihentio maps had then been accessible or known to both parties. Witness, also, the more recent and menacing controversies respecting boundaries in the north and west, down to the conclusion of the late Washington Treaty, by which, happily, though, perhaps, at some unnecessary sacrifice of interests appertaining to both sides, all surh traditional and irritating sources of trouble appear to be at length removed. Much more might be advanced than has been alluded to in this imperfect sketch, to shew the g.eat value and importance of map-making, both in international and social points of view, and to shew that those who have devoted themselves to their execution, or to the subsidiary arts aud sciences, are worthy of high estimation amongst us. In the earlier days of CarJadtr, trfter the Province hadhgome under British rule, and thence down to the present day, the govevning authorities seem neve j have lost sight of the importance of causing the chorography and topography to be accurately delineated. General Murray, the first resident British governor, commissioned Captain (afterwards Colonel) Montresor, of the Royal Engineers, to survey and map the River St. Lawrence, from Montreal down to the Island of St. Barnaby, opposite Rimouski. His map, which is extant, was, I believe, the very first executed after the capture of Montreal in 1760. For a long time, while the military and civil governments were necessarily associated, the exploration of the course of the St. Lawrence, extending upwards, to, and beyond Lake Ontario, and that of the regions north and south of the river, was continued under Sir Samuel Holland and succeeding surveyors-general. Lord Dorchester, Haldimand, Prescott, Milnes, and their sueeessors in the adrainistratioa of the Province, down to recent times, when / 100 CAJiABiA. r]io«o««Anir am rorooiAPiir. J ! L.. ^\ hat kind of work has been given in charge of one of the cm Depar.men,s. appear to have a.tachrd the grllj consequence ,o ,he perfec.Ing of tho.c .nrvey. Td t the rnuluphoation of correct map,. No. only mili.ary on,^era..on. but also thee relating .o -et.Jmen tnd revenue stimulated the auihoritie. ,o continue the work under he conduct of officers and men the best qualifierby professional experience to carry it on. Hence we ha ve^ deposited, however In different quarters-numerous map, and c arts of Canada, shewing what the country was and how .t grew .n settlement and population, and what it, terntona , electoral, and <.ther divisions have been from time tot,me,down to the present day. Some exhibit the oldest concesstons made during the time when Canada was • French Province, and are extremely interesting in an h -tortcal point of view,^oncessions along the bank, of ,L S . Lawrence, the lower Oua wa. the Richelieu, Yamaska. and St. Francis Succeeding ofHcials, the Bouchettes, Cap ain. of the Royal Engineers, contributed from time to time ; and we now have ,n this country the details of its choroglaphy and topography as completely and accurately laid out as .ufficeforthe requirement, of the present generation, and a. placet, with respect to the settled portions, almost on a par with the most densely-inhabite,! region, of Europe : and I mar add that, under the auspices of the Federal and Cal Governments, the same kind of useful work continues to be actively prosecuted. "• . i®?^** ". *'™''. *** "^'**''* "''*~ particularly 10 the very with fh *K "^"f 'r- P««o'» whose name i. associated with the objects of this paper. JuAjr BAPTiSTij DoBBRORR (or, as he usually signed ^ITlLi ^frT"" ^""^^'Ser) was born at Detroit on Feby. 17lh. 1767. When quite young be was sent by bis friends to Quebec, foraubed with money enough, in the form of pieoee one of the e greafdflt 8 and to ' mtliiary nfient aad the work alified by e have--. 3U8 maps was and what its I rem time he oldest A was a i in an (■ of the islca, and Captains ' officers ne; and rography i out as and as n a par id I may 1 Local es to be ie very ociaied signed i Feby. snds to pieces < ANAOIAN « IIOROiaUPIIV AND TOI'CX.HAI'JO )f silver, to pa> his cxpcnsfs tlown, and t adtni.ssion a-* a rc^idoni-trrliolar in ilu« S 101 If, , tiM IS .*U|»|m.MO(l, he wm (I (I secii'' his mU8t have s|)(.fif, snhsc.|u»Milly, about H'li about 15 yi-arji olu-'.-, I institution ; lor of int'c ic soveii vt-ars lu that in his 23ri\ y.-ar, havil)^' given eviJcwux' hanical .i,'eniu.s and of aptitude in ih<' an o( d hi' was laki'u into ll raw INI?. le N( the stiilldl wliich h remainder ol his lii rvice ol the II. K. D.-pfutni ;ni. ..u e eoiiiinucd \o be employed diirintf d IC we lind I)ni)ini>«>r styled " Mr. itiMry Surveyurn, and III olFiciai doeninpni.' l")nl).•r^^l.r, of (he li,«i dass of Royal M Dralisnian." Ahliough, as will be shewn, nid)erqer did auppiememini,' and ilhjstratinj? Cunridiau hi.^t JS not even planed on record in i! much towards nry, h Is* nuno list of Canad P'rlnps, too exteuMivo .f Olt ian worthies eompiied by Me [j j. .m,,,^ uva ; nor do we find it in that in. Canada luif. Mut Mibuud, writer's nih/iol!iecu furnished a brief and we know of his cf 8^rvivin^r relatives and from hi in hi< Pant/idon C\in CANADIAN CROROORAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. 103 i I ia terms of the highest commendation, and as having been far superior to that of any other draftsman of his day. Mr. Lambert, in the narrative of his visit to Quebec, in the autumn of 1806, makes the following mention of him : (Extract from Lambert's Travels, vol. 1, page 330.) " Before I quit the subject of the arte in Canada, a country seemingly more capable of supporting than creating genius, I must not omit to mention, with the approbation he deservedly m.^rit8, a gentleman of the name of Duberger, a native of that country, a- in officer in the corps of Engineers, and Military Draughtsman. He is a self taught genius, and has had no other advantage than what the Province atfor.led him, for he has never been out of the country. He excels in the mechanical arts and the drawing of military surveys, &o. He had the politeness to shew me «everal of his large draughts of the country, and many other drawings, Bome of which were beautifully done, and are deposited m the Engineers' ■office. The only con-ect chart of Lower Canada, and which was published in London by Faden, in the name of Mr. Vondenvelden, was taken by Mr. Duberger and another gentleman, whose names had a much greater right to appear on the chart than the one which is at present there." Several years after the time of Lambert's visit, Duberger began gradually to retire from the active work of copying and surveying, in consequence oi bad health, being succeeded by his son, of the same name, who, as has been mentioned, inherited much of his father's ability. In fact, work executed by Duberger junior has frequently been taken to have been that of the father. Of his qualifications as a surveyor, which were undoubtedly great, entitling him to the post he held as such in the distinguished R. E. service, we cannot, probably, cite corresponding printed or official evidence. The truth is, the services of the civil employes of the department were merged in or obscured by those of the military engineers, who always took precedence of the others. Whenever work was done conjointly by the military and civil employes, it was always officially held to be executed by the former, or under their direction. For this reason, perhaps, Duberger sometimes did not receive near!" so much credit for his work as he was entitled to. So far as 104 CANADIAN CHOROGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. I we know, onf^ of his first pieceis of workmanship in the K.. E. office was the taking of copies of the old military plan of the siege-operations at Quebec, in 1759; his last work, in 1814 or 1815, was to lake part in the survey of the district of Cliateauguay, the scene of UeSalaberry's exploit, of which there are also several beautiluliy-execcled drafts, wiih his signature attached. There are still living amongst us aged and reliable persons who knew Duberger personally, who rernefnber his appearance in the uniform and with the sword he was entitled to wear, and who recall, when they make •mention of him, the pride he took In the exercise of his profession. 1 1 Through the kindness of the officials of the Crown Lands Department, I am enabled to place here, for the inspection of any who please, some few specimens of his skill in map-drawing, I now pass on to the mention of the piincipal work with which his name and memory have been associated. I quote again from Lambert's book : " But the most important of his labours is a beautiful model of Quebec, upon whicli he ia at preseut employed, in coujuiiction with a school- lellow of mine, Capt. I]y, of the Engineers, whom 1 hud the unexpected pleasure of meeting in Canada after an absence of ten years. The whole of the model ia sketched out, an.l a great part is finished, particularly the fortifications and public buildings. It is upwards ot 33 feet in length, and comprises a considerable portion ot the Plains of Abraham, as far as the spot where Wolfe died. That which is done is finished with exquisite neatness, cut entirely out of wood, and modelled to a certain scale ; so that every part will be completed witli singular correctness, even to the very shape and projection of the rock, the elevations and descents in the city and on tlio Plains, particularly those eminences which command the garrison. It is to be sent to England when fmished, and will, no doubt, be received by the Briti.-:!! Government with the approbation it merits. * * "It ia now (1813) deposited at Woolwich." Although, in thi? account, a, part of the credit of this vast undertaking is ascribed to Captain (afterwards Colonel) By, ^ ,' r "^ I > i» i< CANADIAN CHOROORAPHY AND TOPOOKAPHT. 105 -( If ^ -^ H > we may feel assured that Duberger's hands executed it, Lambert says, " tlie whole of the model is skdcfied out"— that is, in 1806 or 1807. I have found no other allusion to the sketch, or cartoon, as, perhaps, we might name it, being, we may presume, the index or guide prepared before pieces of wood to form the model could be cut out. By, who was soon afier to serve as an engineer-officer in the constiuction of the Martello Towers, and thus to cany into efftjcf, afier the lapse of half a ct-niury, the plans for defending Quebec discussed and proposed by General Murray and Patrick Malcellar in 1759 and 17G0, did, in all probability, conduct or assist in the preliminary survey of the ground. What Duberger may have done in this respect~if, indeed, he did anything— would be attributed oiricially to By, for the reason already stated. But we have no grounds whatever for believing that the latter either drew the sketch to work from or put his hand to the formation of the pieces of the model. To assist in establishing this point, I referred to an aged associate of Duberger, who served in another capacity in the same department. He informs me that he has a perfect recollection of Duberger and of the construction of the model • that Duberger did all the work himself; that he cut out all the pieces and put them together, from tjme to time, in detached lots, as he progressed, in his own residence, a small cottage on the Esplanade, which is still to be seen there though, perhaps, somewhat enlarged and altered in external appearance. The credit of having constructed this model has been the subject of a controversy, into which I do not propose to enter at length, but only to allude briefly to some principal particulars. By carried the model to England in the >ear 1811— ostensibly, it is alleged, to bring it under the noiice of the British Government in Duber? r's behalf, and to solicit for him Snnll rpwarfl cia r>-iii> K. .„,._,J l l. :_ i- .1 &"* '" -vL-iucu. 11 is luriuer alleged that a pecuniary reward was granted. yuv t 106 CANADtAIt tilt0RO6ttAl»Itir AKO *0I»06RAI»ItY. According to the testimony of Mr. Dnberger's surviving children, t»nnews of the fate of the model reached Canada for several years ; but, about 1817 or 1818, one of his sons, since deceased, called on the Colonel in London, when .acme explanation took pi.ce between them. Colonel By offered to interest himself in the young man^s behalf, so as to procure employment for him, which the latter indignantly fejccted, asserting tha<: the Colonel ought first to repair a wrong done to Duberger and his family with respect to the model. The evidence against By, of whom there is now no descendant left either to refute such a charge or to make tardy reparation, is certainly not complete ; but these facts, having some bearing on the case, can be substantiated, namely, that the model was taken to England in 181 1, and submitted to the inspection of the Duke of Wellington and other military authorities ; that it was approved of by them, and presently placed on exhibition at Woolwich ; that for a long time, down to the year 1831, it went by the name of "By's Model of Quebec," although occasionally, when Canadians visited Woolwich, remonstrances were uttered, to the effect that it was incorrect and unjust thus to ascribe the credit of it to Colonel By ; that then a fresh inscription was attached to it, intimating that the whole credit was not due to that officer. The following facts ought, perhaps, also to be taken into account :— Colonel By was an officer of great zeal and ability. He came to Canada in 1800; soon after which he was entrusted with the construction of a boat-canal at the Cascades, above Montreal. This being accomplished, he was subsequently charged, as an officer of the Royal Engineers, with the supervision, in whole or in part, of the erection of the Martello Towers on the west side of Quebec. Many years afterwa-ds we find him again in Canada, originating and completing a great public workj the Rideaa Canal. In 1832 he left Canada for England, in order to V CANADIAN CHOROORAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. 107 < '/ y » t vindicate his character from charges made against him in consequence of mismanagement in the pecuniary affairs of that undertaking ; and he died soon after. It is also reported, in his biography, that his death was accelerated through having experienced neglect and reproaches in quarters to which he looked for a favourable reception and support against his accusers. 1 shall only remark, here, that this account of By, though not wholly incompatible with the idea of his having dealt wrongfully by Duberger, to the extent of assuming the whole credit of the model, and of not accounting to him for what might be due to him for its construction, still does not furnish proof against the Colonel. On the other hand, it is plain that he had a direct concern, in connection with his work on the Martello Towers, in illustrating the environs and fortifications of Quebec, that the British authorities should perfectly comprehend all local particulars — an object which the great model was likely to promote. Being a man whose mind was ever busy with large schemes, and an engineer, it does not seem incredible that he originated the idea of the model, there being at hand a great artist and genius like Duberger to execute all the details of the work. The whole subject of the controversy, however, though historically interesting, is a painful one to our feelings; and the more so, when we take into account Duberger's personal worthj his ill-health, his diffidence, and his childlike disposition to entrust the care of his reputation and his other interests to another. As stated by Lambert, the model, when finished, was more than 35 feet long. In width it was sufficient to embrace the site of the fortifications, of part of the Lower-Town, and the precipitous declivities which formed the northern and southern boundaries of the Plains of Abraham. Within a few months past 1 have obtained some particulars concerning the present condition of the model, now upwards \ ^^- 108 CANADIAN CHOBOGRAPHV AND TOPOOR APHY. r "jM? of 60 by a Montreal friend and yparf. old— parfioulars kindly furnislied a resident olVVoolwicI) al my request, th Accordinff to (h ^lis information, about twel e model was reduced to ah ve years since. cl/mfiisions., in order to make space for ili modern objects connected with warf out onc-haif of its f, ormer are. e recppiion of mure A no wa, affixed .o i, „„ a b,a,. p.a.e; in";;,; fouo;;;;; :::i'f ™ "Model of Q„ebeo_mad6 l,y Mr. D.-Berger, ofthe R. E " fai ;'m:;\'^":"?' '":''"' '"*■• '"" ■ -' "'>■" »>■• "'>™« ISJO ISU?). S>oale, about ^l-j or 8 yanl, loan inch. Tbi, .node ong.nally include^ a line ol Marlcllo lowers cro,.i„» .he Pla,„, of Ab™ha,„, and ex.endod „, ,l,e ,p„, a, which VVolfe lell Sep,. I3,h, mO, about MO jards fro.n ,l,c place. It was reduced in 1860." It will be seen that this inscription is not quite accurate as to certam facts, although the inaccuracies are not snch as are Idcely to attract much attention on the part of the En^^lish public v.s.t.ng the Rotunda at VVooivvich fro.n moUves of cunosily and to inspect the cr,l|ection of various models and objects placed there on exhibition. • I may here mention that, whether By or Daber-er first suggested the i.Iea of this particular rnodel, it probably derived its origin from another quarter. 1 hold in my hand a let^ler from a Montreal merchant, named Morrison, dated 22nd January, 1826, and addressed to a gentleman and his wife resident at Quebec : (Extract from a Letter of Mr. Morrison, dated 22nd January, 1826.) '' Having .een in the ol.t Quebec Gazette a paragraph by and from a Mr J. Lambert, who xvas here «o,ne years past, whom I have seen the person I w.lli.erem .end you a copy. Mouk,,.s n.Vv ^ ' KT n. Qe,3.c.^En 1798. est-il dit, dans le choix do curiosae. on montrait d Pan. un n.odele tres curieux de cette ville, qu'un arti.te in^-enieux avait 6t6 neuf ans a executer. II n. ^'etait pa,, contente de comparer ec d« cornger tout les plane de Paris publies juequ'a lors, 11 avaic encore mesurS Hy. CANADIAN CHOROGRAPHT AND TOPOOBAPHY. 109 my request, -ears since, ils fornuM' ion i<{ rrmre insoription words : fthe R. E. r Ky, about inch. Tills rs crossing t at wiiioh llie place. ccurate as t such as e Eno^lish I mniives IS models rger first prob;ibly ray hand >r». dated and his 1826.) from a Mr^ lie per.-ion, i DE Paius 1 iiioiurait ieux avait ;»rer et Je re mesur6 ioutes lea rues, les places, Ac, en suivant ce procfiJ^, le genre de inesurage g6oro6trique le plus extract, et indiquS les infigalitfia du site de cette immenae capitate, au moyen du raodellenient. Le plus grand diamitre du moddle, dans son ^tendue de Test k i'oueet, £tait de quinze pieds; la hauteur des maisons 6tait de trois lignes.' '' Then follows a description of Duberger's Quebec model, of which the translation has been given above. In addition to what I have already stated concerning the present condition of the famous Quebec model, I have now to communicate to the Society another fact, which appears to me to be of material consequence. From the same source I learned the probability o( having the model not merely reduced in size, but set aside altogether. On this point I will quote the words of my informant, who is entirely reliable, and has the best opportunities of knowing the facts of the case : (Extract from a Letter dated 22nd October, 1872.) " I was told that the model, which is, no doubt, a very elaborate work, •nd adnairably done, is found to be very much in the way; the Rotunda beiag much cramped for room for the exhibition of models of various kinds, of a more modern and practically useful invention, more especially projectiles, and other military inventions. The catalogue is out of print, •nd a more elaborate one is being printed." In short, there is now a demarid for the space it occupies • and considering the indifference of the English public* concerning such old Canadian works of art, I think we are warranted in assuming tha. ..re long this beautiful trophy of Canadian genius and skill will be removed from its present position, and stowed away, perhaps, as useless lumber; that parts of it will be lost, and finally the whole. It has occurred to me that the members of the Literary and Historical Society in particular, and the citizens of Quebec in general, may considei it worth while to take some steps with a view to the recovery of this great work, and of lodging it again in what may be styled its native place. I will not presume to oiler any suggestions as to the mode of procedure 110 CANADIAlf CHOROORAPHY AND TOPOORAPHT. likely to be effectual ia accomplishing this restitution, though I will venture to offer the following remark : — Year by year the visible memorials of old Quebec, which remind us of the conspicuous position which this city, its inhabitants, fortifications, and environs, have occupied in times past, and in connection with many of the important events by which the destinies of the people of North America have been influenced, are passing away ; but the restoration of this model would serve, for generations to come, to exemplify native Canadian genius, to preserve a useful link in the connection between the past, the present, and the future of the famous city, and also as a lasting atiraction to the visitors who flock to it annually in quest of objects of historical interest. Before I conclude, I should wish to ask your attention to one or two particulars which have lately been communicated to me by some of Mr. Duberger's surviving children, now, of course, well advanced in years, which they have givea me permission to use as I may see fit. But, first, I may mention that Duberger was twice married ; that for several years before his death he was a retired pensioner of the R. E. corps; and that he died at St. Thomas in 1821. The notice of his decease is to be found in the Quebec Gazette of Thursday, Sept. 27ih, of that year, and is as follows : " DieJ, at St. Thomas, on Wednesday, the 19tl» instant, Johm Baptist " DuBEROEii, E.sq., upwards of 25 ye^ira principal Diaftsman and Surveyor " to tlie R. E. Department, and late on the half pay of ofxicera of the " first class of that corps." I will next read extracts from one or two other documents : (Extracts from a Communication written by Mr. George Duberger, the oldest surviving son of the late J. B. Duberger, and dated Murray Bay, September 3, 1872.) /^ "*******•*•! send you a letter from a Mr. Wm. Morrison (a particular friend of our family), dated 26th January, 1826, to '^ • CAWADIAir CHOROGRAPHT AND TOPOORAPHT. Ill i I ^ inj late brother-in-law, Dr. Williiim Eraser (formerly Seignear of Moaot Murray Bay), an J to his wife, my eiater. The letter, though written in French, may, I believe, convey to you aonie correct information of the said model of Quebec, as well as other works of my late father, who, as yon appear to have 1>een correctly informeJ, baa, in the end, been wronget, has gone abroad, travelling now over .S2 years past, ani we have not heard from him since. The next one, Narcisse, has for several years been DeputySljeriff at Three Rivers : where he is npw, or what he is doing, I cannot say, not having heard from him since a long lime. Tlie youni^est of that family, Charles, aged over 50, is here in Murray Bay, Clerk of the Court and Registrar. " Now, in a general point of view, the remaining Bons and daughters of my father are, without exception, in very limiteil circumstances, which decidedly would have been far better if our father, notwithstanding his remarkable genius and long service as a Military Surveyor and Draftsman; had not died so poor. " If what I communicate to you can be of some service, you are welcome to make use of this scrawl as you may think fit." Thanking you for the kind attention with which this imperfect sketch has been listened to, I have only to say, further, thai, through correspondents in England, more ample* particulars concerning the model are at this time being jprocured.