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EDUCmiONAL^ERIES. 
 
 t3tei5T5iat5 i5i5laL5Tgig|at5i5ig|n |gi!ag 
 
 
 qAl^D^N-I^EADEIlS. 
 BOOK III. 
 
■ ■ of Canada rf,j Candida 
 
 O^"^ *'•'"//.. 
 
 /r. 
 
 ■V I 
 
 ^//,/ ♦vaN'^ 
 
 Canada 
 
m. Jl. (Sage * (Ea.'a (Jbucational gttite. 
 
 THE 
 
 CAJSrADIAN READERS 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 Authorized for use in (he Schools 0/ Quebec. 
 Authorized/or me in the Schools 0/ Manitoba. 
 Authorized for me in the Schools of British Columbia 
 Authorized for me in the Schools of North-xoesl Territories 
 Authorized for me in the Schools of Prince Edward Island. 
 
 W. J. GAGE & COMPANY, 
 
 % TOKONTO. 
 
-v 
 
 ■ '- nil 
 
 ) 
 
 Entered. accoi'dinR fo Act of Pal•^amont, in the 0(Bco of the Minister 
 of Agileulluie, in the year of our I 'd 1881. by W. J. QAais & Co., 
 Toronto. 
 
 900468 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Tiinin Book contains longer lessons than the Second 
 Book, more difficult words, and more literary plirasos. B.it 
 care has been taken that the style should at the same time be 
 so clear, that the sentences may be rea<l without strain. For 
 this reason, also, the sentences are in general short; and the 
 sense of them may be caught at once without too great effort. 
 
 The lessons l,ave been selected and prepared first to interest 
 and attract, second to instruct and elevate. A vast fund of 
 practical, general information is contained in the book, but it is 
 e'ven in such a style as to make the reading-hour one of the 
 most pleasant of the day to the pupils. In a book of this kind 
 there must always be a necessity for matter which naturally pro- 
 motes lively reading. This necessity has been recognized and 
 amply provided for in this Third Book. For this and other rea- 
 sons, it n-ill be found that children who have been judiciously 
 earned through thia book will have acquired good habits of 
 expressive readhif/. 
 
 Special attentioj. ;.. iirected to flio !n„of..„f 
 
 - «"i^«'tt(i 10 ine Illustrations, and to the 
 
 articles relating to Canadian History and progress 
 
 The Exercises, which have been carefully thought out, are so 
 contrived as to give the pupils views of the functions of noun, 
 verls, and a<Uectives from different stand-points; and explana' 
 tions of literary phrases have not been forgotten. 
 
 *% » 
 
 ,\ 
 
-^» 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 Wordnworth 
 
 T0MA88IE ANn Tiru Hahiiith. I'nrt I 
 
 liucy (JuAr 
 
 Tea, Coffee, SudAit 
 
 Somueu.Rest! SirW^Uterslott 
 
 A Nail WANTiva; on, A Stitch i\ 
 
 Time saves Mxe f,„^ ,/^, ^^^,^^,^ 
 
 Tomassie ano the Rahiuts. Pmt 11 
 
 Hidden Theaslhes 
 
 S10N8 OF Rain j)^ 
 
 The Doo \ 
 
 The Plum-cakes 
 
 Fidelity and Peksevehance . . 
 
 Stoa'y of Count (Juaaf 
 
 The InooKEss OP Navigation 
 
 MuNoo Pakk and the Nkoko Woman 
 
 The Tuavelleu IN AFiucA .... l>„che>,»'r,j' Devonshire 
 
 Paoe 
 . 
 
 . U 
 
 . 18 
 . 21 
 
 tJenner . . 
 Uuntiah More 
 
 Adapted from Sir W. Scott 
 
 puocuastination 
 
 The Coat 
 
 The Taking of Linlitiioow 
 
 Castle 
 
 A Dkawing-Lesson. ....... 
 
 MOKNINO AFTEH Rain WordJorih 
 
 Fidelity 
 
 Ducks and Hens 
 
 HiiiDH IN Summer 
 
 The House 
 
 The Stolen Peaches . . 
 
 ScRiPTUHE Readings ........ 
 
 Hymn of the IIehkew Maiden . 'sir Waiter sloU 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 34 
 
 40 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 50 
 
 .V) 
 
 57 
 
 59 
 
 Gu 
 
 Mary How'tt 
 Krummacher 
 
 . 6) 
 73 
 77 
 78 
 81 
 87 
 91 
 97 
 101 
 104 
 
g CONTENTS. 
 
 Iron * .,o 
 
 A Fau-distant CouNTKY .... Evenings at Ilome . . . U^ 
 
 AlTAUENTLY DUOWNEU, BUT NOT ,, n 110 
 
 ^ . J. W. McLaughlin, M.D._ 119 
 
 Dead ^^5 
 
 The rEACOCK ,* " " 100 
 
 c^xT, .... Bayard Tarjlor ... i-^J 
 Stokm Sonu J •> 
 
 ^ o,.,.ATMP«m Dean Stanley . . . • . i-ii 
 
 TKUE CiUEATNESS " 
 
 The Lion AND TUB Spaniel ' 
 
 THE LITTLE TESTAMENT rokn B. Gough . . . . 
 
 NEW YEAU'S EVE ^-'"^-'^ • • • • • IJi^ 
 
 BlODLES ' / ,' lift 
 
 Ar..rr.,i fiHi . . JL C Amlevseii . . Hb 
 
 The Little Matcii-ciiu 
 
 T,„„.„„ , . . Alexander Dumas . , H'l 
 
 Zlobane ^^2 
 
 Canada's ruoouESS • 
 
 , . . LonafeUoiv . • • • i"' 
 Excelsior 7 ,7/, 
 
 The Death of Wolpb 
 
 The Three Copecks ^ ■/ ^^^ 
 
 Canaoa under the British • ' ^^^ 
 
 The Death ok Brock ^^^^ 
 
 Words Often Mispronounced 
 
 Ill I 
 
 IIEAVKIW AT WOUK. 
 
TOMASSIE AND THE RABBITS.* 
 
 1. Once upon a time, not very loni^ airo, there 
 was a family of rabbits that livecf in a" nice sandy 
 bank near a wood. There were Mr. and Mrs. Bunny 
 and ten little Bunnies. They Avere all pretty little 
 gray things, and Mr. and Mrs. Bunny were very 
 
 * This story may bo considered too little advanced for the Third 
 Reader; but it 1.^ inserted in this book for th« pur^^o- -f g^rin" 
 pmclico i,. bright, lively reading, which cau only be Uad where the 
 subject is interesting and the style easy. 
 
10 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 ti 
 
 J I 
 ii'i 
 
 I':. I 
 
 I: I! 
 
 proud of them ; but they kept them in good order, 
 jind when they were naughty, would smack them 
 very hard. The cklcst one's name was Fh)psy ; 
 she was a good little rabbit, with a serious face 
 and long, soft ears ; she tried very hard to keep 
 her brothers and sisters in order, but they were 
 rather mischievous. 
 
 2. One evening Papa and Mamma Bunny came 
 home with very sad faces, and said to all the little 
 rabbits who were playing in front of their sandy 
 hole : " That dreadful Mr. Fox on the other side of 
 the hill has quafrelled with his brother who has his 
 hole near him, and is coming to live in our bank." 
 
 3. "I heard him say so himself," said l\\\v<i 
 Bunny. "I was hiding in the long grass, and 
 
 heard him say 
 
 The rabbits have a nice big 
 
 hole there, so I will eat them up, and live in then- 
 hole, which I can soon make larger.' " 
 
 Mannna Buimy began to sob, and all the little 
 rabbits sat up in a circle round her. They looked 
 at her, then at each other, and then all burst out 
 
 crying too. 
 
 '4. " Leave off crying at once," said Papa Bunny ; 
 so Mrs. Bunny gave one last long sob, and then 
 stopped ; while Flopsy dried her eyes on her little 
 paws, and then went round with a handful of grass, 
 and rubbed all the other little rabbits' eyes and 
 noses until they were quite dry, though they 
 looked very red for a long time afterwards. 
 
 5, Papa Bunny said he must go away for a 
 few days to find a new sandy place, where they 
 
TOMASSIE AND Tllli RABBITS. H 
 
 could make a liomo, away from tho fox ; and Mrs. 
 Bunny said she should go with him to see that he 
 chose a nice sunny ])ank. 
 
 " So mind, Flopsy," she said, " that you take 
 great care of the little ones, and shut the house 
 up every night to i)revent Mr. Fox getting in ; 
 and now you had hetter all go to bed, a's we 
 • have to" pack up some things, and be otf early in 
 tho morniuir." 
 
 "■ "May we not have one more race?" said 
 Kutfv, who was rather a tiresome little rabbit. 
 
 " 1 don't want to go to bed," said Bobtail, as 
 Flopsy took him by the paw, and he threw him- 
 self down on the ground and wouldn't move. 
 
 " Go at once," said Papa Bunny, taking up a 
 long switch and coming towards them. 7. That 
 was quite enough. Off they scampered, and one 
 after another little tail J)obbed out of sight down 
 the hole. Flopsy put them all to bed, and then 
 helped Mr. and Mrs. Bunny to pack. They left 
 home very early the next morning, leavin"- all 
 the little rabbits, except Flojisy, snoring, g.^'she 
 was up and bustling al)out, though she had two 
 great tears in her l)ig brown eyes, for she was 
 very sorry Papa and Mamma Bunny were goin- 
 away. She picked their breakfast for them, and 
 gave them their little bags when they were ready 
 to start. Besides which, Papa Bunny had a thick 
 walkmg-stick and Mamma Bunny a gingham um- 
 brella. J). Presently Ruffy Avoke un and jumped 
 out of bed. He ran and pulled all the beddolhes 
 
THIRD READER. 
 
 
 off the others, which of course woke them up at 
 once. 
 
 " It's the fox ! " cried little Sandy, who way 
 frightened. 
 
 " No, no ! " said Flopsy, coming in with a big 
 white apron on. '' It's only Kufty, who's a naughty 
 ral)l)it." 
 
 10. It was a lovely morning ; the ground Avas* 
 covered with sweet sparkling dew, and the sun- 
 beams were dancing about on the dew, the herbs, 
 and the liowers. The rabbits always said good- 
 morning to the 'sun, for he was a very warm friend 
 of theirs, and they loved to sit up on their hind- 
 logs and try to look at him ; but he was so bright 
 they could never do that, so they had to be con- 
 tented with feeling his warmth on their heads and 
 backs, n. They loved the silvery moon too, and 
 they could look at her, .'uid had. many a game in the 
 summer evenings under her beams. They were 
 now playing at hide-and-seek, leap-frog, and all 
 sorts of games, until breakfast-time, Avhen all the 
 little rabbits except Bobtail went in to breakfast ; 
 but he stayed outside to practise two things — one 
 called the inverted colunm, which was standing on 
 his head ; and the other was called the Katherine- 
 wheel, which was turning head over heels as fast 
 as he could. 12, He went on turning over and 
 over until he was quite giddy, and then his heels 
 went whack up against something soft, and that 
 soft thino" was Tomassie= 
 
 13. Now Tomassie was a great black cat, who 
 
TOMASSIE AND THE HaDBITS. 13 
 
 alvyays wore a soft l)lack coat, a wliitc sliirt, ],kok 
 knickerhockci-s, and white «to(.kin<rs. Luckily for 
 Jiohtail he was a friend of the faniiiv's, for any 
 other cat would have eaten him ui). liut Toniassie 
 was not like any other eat you ever saw, as we 
 shall see by-and-by. 
 
 DicTATiox — Learn to write out: 
 That dreadful Mr. Fox on the other side of the hill 
 
 has quarrelled with his brother who has his hole 
 
 near him, and is coming to live in our bank. 
 
 ExERCisKs. — 1. Loarn to spell the following words : 
 Naughty Tiresome Silvery Sparkling 
 
 berious Scampered Column Brealcfast 
 
 trying Gingham Knickerbockers Stockings 
 
 and is""'"' *""* "'" "^™'' ^^^""'"^^^ a'«l verbs in sections 12 
 flowers, moon, cat. ^ ' *"' 
 
 5. Change the foUo-^ing nouns into adjectives: Sand wood 
 pnde, brother, play, sun, home, .silver, friend ' 
 
 (5. Make nouns of the following adjectives and verbs- Proud 
 >^erious, soft, long, Hie, warm, gentle, practise. ' 
 
u 
 
 TUini) READER. 
 
 JAICY GRAY. 
 
 Oom'rade, companion. 
 Mln'Bter. oathudral. 
 Plied, wont on with. 
 
 1. Mo inato, no comrade, Lucy 
 knew : 
 Slu^ dwelt on n Avlde moor, 
 The .sweetest thing that ever 
 
 Blithe, oUcorfnl and llght-liearted. 
 
 Disperse', Hcattcr. 
 
 Maintain', declare and insist upon. 
 
 •i^rew 
 
 Ikvside a cottage door. 
 
 2. You yet piay spy the fawn at 
 
 The hare ui)on the <>reen ; 
 lUit the sweet face of Lucy 
 (J ray 
 Will never more be seen. 
 
 3. '"'To-nijiht will be a stormy 
 
 niirht : 
 You to the town must «;0 ; 
 And take a lantern, child, to 
 
 linht 
 Your mother through the 
 
 snow." 
 
 ^-' 
 
 jm^^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 ■tJiptii ifi II iw mi»i »i 
 
LUar GRAY. 
 
 u, 
 
 *. "That, father, will I •,^la(lly do; 
 'Tis .scarc(!ly af'tornooii — 
 The niin.ster clock has just struck two, 
 And yonder is the moon." 
 
 5. At this the father raised his hook, 
 And snapped a fagot hand ; 
 He plied his work, and Lucy took 
 The hintern in her hand. 
 
 3. Not blither is the mountain roc ; 
 "With many a wanton stroke 
 Her feet disjicrse the powdei-y snow. 
 That rises up like smoke. 
 
 7. The storm came on l)efore its time ; 
 
 She wandered uj) and down, 
 And many a hill did Lucy climl), 
 
 I3iit never reached the town, - * 
 
 8. The wretched parents all that night 
 
 Went shouting far and wide ; 
 But there was neither sound nor sight * 
 To serve them for a guide. 
 
 9 At day-break on a hill they stood, 
 That overlooked the moor ; 
 And thence they saw the bridge of wood 
 A furlong from their door. 
 
 1C-. They wept ; and, turning homeward, cried, 
 "In heaven we all shall meet " 
 
 \\ 
 
li> 
 
 'llUlil) UEADKR. 
 
 ^\\ 
 
 WW ill tlio st>()W 
 
 ,-f 
 
 <li(' iiiodicr spi(>(l 
 
 The priiil of Liu^'h feet ! 
 
 11 Then dowiiwiird iVoiii lli(> s(<>('|) hill's o(i(^o 
 Thoy lni(']<(>(l llic root-marks siuiill ; 
 And (hrouiili llic broken liiiwlliorn licdiro. 
 And by the lon;i- stono-wall ; 
 
 12. And thon nn opon field lliev erossc^d — 
 
 The marks were still the sn 
 
 me 
 
 They tracked them on, nor ever lost, 
 And to the l)rido(> they eamc. 
 
 13. They followed from the snowy bank 
 
 Those footmarks one by one, 
 Into the middle of the plank — 
 And further tlurre were none ! 
 
 14. Yet some maintain that to this day 
 
 She is ji living child ; 
 
 That you may see sweet T>ucy Gray 
 
 Upon the lonesome wild. 
 
 Wordsworth, 
 
 Questions. — 1. Whoro did Lucy Cray livo? 2. What did 
 her father tell her to do one winter afternoon ? ;]. What was 
 she to take with her ? A. What o'clock was it ? .'5. What wiiJ 
 the father doinjj at the time ? (!. How did the snow look as 
 Lucy stepped along ? 7. When did liucy get to the town ? 
 8. Who sought for tier ? it. What guided them in their search'? 
 10. Where were they standing at «layhreak ? IL What did 
 they see from there ? 12. What did they say when they turned , 
 homeward ? 1;]. What did the mother espy in the snow ? 
 14. Where did they track the foot-marks? 1.'). Up to what 
 
LUCY a RAY. 
 
 17 
 
 polntr 10. Wl.orodld thoy misa tlioin ? 17. What must l.avo 
 bapponcd? ]H. Wluit do son.,, maintain in spite of all this? 
 P:xki{(ihkh. — 1. Loam to spoil the following words: 
 Comrade Snapped VVrotch<>d P\)Ilowod 
 
 Cottago Powdery Hawthorn Maintain 
 
 2. I'oint out the nouns, adjeetivos, and verhs in verses 12 in 
 and 14. * ' 
 
 :i. Add adjectives to the foliowinp nouns: Moor, anor'h-ayc 
 face, town, niiiht, wall, dock, moon, work; miow, bunk, hill, roe, 
 hrklf/r, smoke. 
 
 4 Add verbs to th<. following nouns: Girl, father, parents, 
 hridiic,Jawn, hare, child. 
 
 J. Make verbs out of the following nouns and adjectives 
 stroke, print, Nweet, white. 
 
 (I. JMake nouns out of the following a.lj»,etives and verhs 
 Irace, dwell, .peak, yrow, break, strike, wander, see, cro>^», 
 sci ce, o])en. 
 
 1. Explain the following phras, ..: ( I ) J,„cy i,a,l no mat., nor 
 comrade. (2) The father ,,li,Hl h:, work. (.-J) There was neither 
 sound nor sight to serve tleui for a guide. (4) Some maintain 
 that to Una day ahe is a living child. 
 
 > to what 
 
1« 
 
 THIUD liKADKli. 
 
 TEA, COFFEE, SUGAE. 
 
 i\ 
 
 .i 
 
 Pruned, cut down. 
 Transplant'ed, motort up atul 
 planted ill anotlier place. 
 
 Transferred', n'inov< d. 
 Oen'tury, one hundred years. 
 
 1. Tea consists of tho 
 loaves of the tea-plant, 
 dried first in the sun, 
 then in heated pans, and 
 rolled. The color de- 
 pends chiefly upon the 
 a<^e of the leaves when 
 phu'ked, and upon their 
 preparation. Materials 
 for coloring the leaves 
 are often used. 
 
 2. The plant, which is 
 kept pruned down to the 
 height of about five feet, 
 
 groAvs al)undantly in China and Japan. It is cul- 
 tivated to a sniail extent in some of the Southern 
 States, and in the milder parts of California. The 
 plants are raised from seed. 
 
 3. If you would sail to Brazil, Arabia, Abyssinia, 
 the Island of Java, or other warm countries, you 
 would see fields covered with evergreen plants 
 bearing small berries which furnish a part of the 
 breakfast for many millions of people every day. 
 What are they ? Coft'ee. 
 
 4. Besides the places mentioned, coffee groAvs in 
 the West ludies, Central America, Venezuela, 
 
TEA, COFFEE, HUOAR. 
 
 19 
 
 (lumna, Peru, IJcllvia, CV.ylon, mid sonic of the 
 islands ni the Pa.ih',- Ocean. Althou-h the eoff'ee- 
 plant attains the heiirht of v\<rU to twenty feet, it 
 IS nsually kepi pnnied to tive feel in heioht. The 
 plants are raised from seed and transplanted. Thev 
 m-e m full hearin- in (he fifth year, and continue 
 to hear for ahout twenty years. 
 
 5. Coffee is named from 
 a re<rion south of Abyssinia, 
 named Kaffa. The liest eof- 
 foo is tlio Morha, jiamed 
 from a place in Arabia, and 
 lis Java. Most of our cof- 
 fee comes from Brazil, and 
 nuuh of it is marked Java. 
 0. Sugar comes from the 
 sugar-cane, from the maple- 
 treo, and from the l)eet-ro()t. 
 Enough is made from the 
 last named in France to sup- 
 ply that whole country. It 
 is just as clear and sweet as tlie b.?,4 loaf-su-nii 
 nianufactured from the sugar-cane. Sugar-cane 
 IS raised from cuttings planted every year It 
 was first cultivfited in Asia, then in Spain in the 
 ninth century. Soon after the discovery of 
 America it was introduced into Mexico, the West 
 Indies, and Brazil. 
 
 7. Now it is cultivated in the other states which 
 border on the Gulf of Mexico ; in Brazil, Guiana. 
 Venezuela, Bolivia, the West Indies, Mexico, and 
 
20 
 
 TimW liEADKli. 
 
 r<'nfml '^mericii ; in China, .Inpan, niul Fiutlu^r 
 Iiidiii; in K^'^yj)!, Liluuia, and Zan<j:u('l)ar ; and in 
 X\\i- Satidwicli Islands, Society Islands, and other 
 islands which have a warm eliniato. 
 
 H. When the sn;;ar-cano is cut it is taken to tho 
 mill, wlierc! it is crnslicd hetween lari2:e rollers. 
 
 Tlic juice is then heated in largo pans or boilers ; 
 then ]t is transferred into coolers, and the molasses 
 is drained otl" from the suirnr, which is of a dark 
 brown colo •. After this tho Hui'i.r uocs thrcMifh a 
 })rocess called retininij^, wl I. >vo' .ces loai and 
 retined suirars and syrup. 
 
 9. Maple suirar and syrup are obtained by first 
 boiling and then cooling the saj) of the sugar-maple 
 tree. A bole is bored in.tf) tlie tree and a tube is 
 
SOLDIER, REST I 
 
 (I 1 
 
 Miitluir 
 
 !•; 
 
 and in 
 
 aiK 
 
 OtlU!!' 
 
 vCIl 
 
 to the 
 
 'K' rollers. 
 
 — ■• 
 
 
 n 
 
 (nsorto,!, ,|,,„„ ,, „.hi,|, „„, „„p ,^,,|^|^^ __^^^ ^^^^^ 
 lulls into ji pnil or „i|,{,r voshcI. 
 
 gnKHT/ONs.-l. How is (oa ol,iaim.<l ■. 2. Whoro U it oulH 
 4 V M.ro '.I '"''"■•"•""'' '^ '^ I"'^ I'-'o-'K'' a't-r it in Ratl.oml •.• 
 
 ns.. ""' '"' ''"""" ■^'"■"'* «'-"^*' ••• What portion i« 
 
 ns. .. , ,,,„ ,,,„t „„.^.,. |,,,^,,^^ ^,^^^,^ most „..«;,. nUV: 
 
 7. F'ow Ls it ,na,i.. froM. .s„«ar-,.a,M. •/ H. What ...mnno, phm 
 
 I..- HUKar-nuu, ...oHt n.on.hlo ;• 0. Whore i« Z ,o" 
 
 largely mad,, fro,,, |„.,.ts ;> ** "'*^''' 
 
 EXKUCLSKH. - 1. Spell anj tell the meaning of: 
 
 Ji^sr- ^r' '"^rrr' ^'""'«^-^-' 
 
 ntirus iManufacture Molasses 
 
 sugar. '* "'*"' '" '1^« manufuftur, of 
 
 SOLDIER, IlKSTI 
 t. Soldier, rest ! Thy warfare o'er, 
 
 Sleep the .sleep that knoAvs not breukin- : 
 Dream of battled Helds no more, 
 Days of danger, nights of wakin«r. 
 
 T * 
 
 2. Jn our isle's enchanted hall, 
 
 J Hands unseen thy couch are strewincr 
 |iury strains of music fall, °' 
 
 ^VGry sense in slumber dewino-. 
 
 3. Soldier, rest ! Thy warfare o'er, 
 
 Dream of fighting fields no more ; 
 bleep jthe sleep that knows not breakin^r, 
 AlOiu of toil, nor night of waking. ' 
 
22 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 4. No rude sound shall rcich thine ear, 
 
 Armor's clang, or war-steed champing ; 
 .Trump nor pibroch summon here 
 
 Mustering clan, or squadron tramping. 
 
 5. Yet the lark's shrill fife may come, 
 
 At the day-break, from the fallow. 
 And the bittern sound his drum, 
 Booming from the sedgy shallow. 
 
 ! I ' 
 
 ' 1 
 
 6. Ruder sounds shall none be near ; 
 
 Guards nor warders challenge here : 
 Here's no war-steed's neigh and champing, 
 Shouting clans, or squadrons stamping. 
 
 -Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 Explanation.— 1. This beautiful song is taken from the 
 " Lady of the Lake," where it is given as sung by Ellen Doug- 
 las, for the entertainment of Fitz-James. 2. "Pibroch" is a 
 Hlgliland air, usually played on the bag-pipes, and adapted to 
 the special purpose the performer has in view, such as arousing 
 a warlike spirit or lamenting the dead. 
 
 Exercises. — L Explain these expressions: — L The sleep 
 that knows not breaking. 2. Days of danger, nights of 
 waking. 3. Every sense in slumber dewing. 4. Armor's 
 clang, or war-steed champing. .5. Mustering clan. 6. Boom- 
 ing from the sedgy shallow. 7 
 here. 
 
 Guards nor warders challenge 
 
 2. Learn to spell and define the following words: — 
 
 Enchant'ed, charmed. 
 Champ, to bite or chew. 
 Mus'tering, gathering. 
 Fal'low, a piece of unploughed 
 
 land, or land not sown. 
 Sqiiad'ron, a troop of horsemen. 
 
 Bittern, a bird that makes a 
 loud, booming noise, and 
 frequents marshy places. 
 
 Ward'er, the keeper of a castle. 
 
 Sedg'y, abounding with coarse 
 Krass. 
 
A NAIL WANTIim. 
 
 23 
 
 Valter Scott. 
 
 1. The sleep 
 r, nights of 
 
 A NAIL WANTING ; OR, A STITCH IN TIME 
 SAVES NINE. 
 
 Bent, money paid to the owner for 
 the right of living in a house or 
 on a farm. 
 
 DismoUnt'ing, getting down off a 
 horse. 
 
 Smith'y, a blacksmith's shop. 
 Dis'located, put out of joint. 
 Endure', bear, suffer. 
 Neglects', omits to do what 
 wanted. 
 
 1. Paul saddled hi.s horse to ride to the nejo-ji. 
 boring town, with the half-year's rent of his fann. 
 As he mounted, he saw that a nail of one of the 
 
 horse's shoes was 
 
 wanting. 
 
 'It is not worth 
 
 the trouble ot dismounting," said he ; " the want 
 of a nail will not hinder my horse on the journey " 
 So he rode off. 2. He had gone three miles when 
 he saw that the horse had lost the shoe that 
 wanted the nail. " I might be able," said he, "to 
 get a shoe put on at the neighboring smithy ; but 
 no, I shall lose too much time, my horse wifl reach 
 the town quite easily with three shoes." 
 
 3. Farther on, a great, thorn pricked the foot 
 of the horse, sorely wounding it. "I shall be 
 able," said Paul, "to dress the wound when I 
 reach the town ; it is only u mile distant." 
 
 4 A little after, the horse took a false step, and 
 elK Paul was thrown with great violence, and 
 hii^his arm dislocated at the shoulder. 
 
 5. He was taken to a house near by, where he ' 
 lay for ten days unal)le to move. His horse was 
 much hurt and of little use afterwards. Piuil lost 
 his time, had to spend a good sum of money, and 
 to endure much suiiering. c. - All this," said he. 
 
> I; 
 
 ! m 
 
 %i 
 
 : 
 
 24 
 
 TIIIllD READER. 
 
 " has come of those little neglects. If I had put a 
 nail in my horse's shoe, it would not have been 
 lost ; if I had got a shoe put on, the horse's foot 
 would not have been wounded, it had not stumbled 
 and fallen, nor should I have been lying here like 
 il loc" Frum t/w French. 
 
 Questions. — 1. What was Paul taking with him to the neigh- 
 boring town ? 2. What did he see was wanting when he mount- 
 ed his horse? 3. Wliy did he think it was not worth while to 
 put the matter right before lie started ? 4. Whfvt happened 
 when he had ridden three miles? 5. What happened i" the 
 horse's foot in consequence of the loss of the shoi ? 0. How 
 did Paul get his shoulder dislocated ? 7. In what ways did he 
 
 suffer for his want of care and forethought ? 
 tions did he make afterwards ? 
 
 y. What reflec- 
 
 ExERCiSES. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Saddled Journey Dislocated 
 
 Neighboring Smithy Shoulde* 
 
 Dismounting Violence Stumbled 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in paragraph 1. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Ilor.se, nail, jour- 
 ney, thorn, violence, ne(/lecLs. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following noims: Home, nhoe,fodt, town, 
 xhoulder, money, time. 
 
 5. Explain the following sentences: (1) With the half-year's 
 lent of his farm. (2) The horse had lost the shoe that wanted 
 the nail. (;3) All this has come of those little neglects. 
 
TOMASS/E AND THE JiAIiniTS. 
 
 25 
 
 ioe,fo6t, town, 
 
 TOMA88IE AXD THE llAlilUTS. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 1. Tomassio tho eat was born in a -entlen^an's 
 house ,11 he neighborhood of the bank where the 
 Hunn.es hved. And now I will tell you how he 
 oaine to know the, rabbits. 
 
 As Tomassie grew big, he l^egan to feel very 
 
 In 1 "' "; ^' '""^" ^'"^ '-'^'y^ ^^^''"^ very 
 tHt and lazy, he lay in the sun by the side of a 
 
 -1.0, and there he saw Flopsy. ^She was cr^L' 
 
 because ,t wjts tea-time, and all her nau^rhty Ktii: 
 
 brothers and sisters had run away froni her. So 
 
I .1^1 
 
 • i 
 
 26 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 Tomassie said : " My mother eats rabbits ; but I 
 like you ; so we'll be friends." Then they /ound 
 all the little rabbits, and Tomassie promised to go 
 and see them next day. 2. Now, when he felt 
 Bobtail come up plump against him, he went 
 " Ugh ! ugh ! " for he had just worried a great rat, 
 and did not like to be knocked about. 
 
 " Ah ! Mr. Tomassie, I am practising the Kath- 
 erine-wheel and the- inverted column." 
 
 " Where are the others?" 
 
 "At breakfast." 
 
 " Then you come in too ; " and Tomassie caught 
 Bobtail by one long ear and pulled him along. 
 
 " Leave go I You hurt me, Mr. Tomassie. I'll 
 come." 
 
 3. So in they went; and all the rabbits were 
 so pleased to see Tomassie. At the top of the 
 table sat Flopsy ; in front of her a greai bowl 
 of porridge, and a large spoon in her paw. All 
 the little rabbits sat on high stools, with spoons 
 in their paws, and empty basins in front of them ; 
 but tiiey did not get anything to eat, until 
 Flopsy and Tomassie had been round to each, 
 and tied a pinafore round their necks to prevent 
 them spoiling their little brown clothes. Then 
 Flopsy put a big spoonful of porridge flop into 
 each basin, and they all began to eat. 4. But 
 what was Ruffy doing ? and why had he dis- 
 appeared so soon ! Sandy, who sat by his side, 
 began to giggle, but did not like to say anything. 
 So Flopsy got up to look ; and what do you think 
 
TOMASeilh AND THE RARIilTS. 27 
 
 iJuffyhad <lono? The naughty rabbit had eaten 
 some of h.s rmrridge, and sbppcd all the rest into 
 his pocket. Plopsy wrung her paws in despair- 
 while romassio growled and said; "What h-ive 
 you done that for, you naughty rabbit?" 
 
 •"///'/''' ";f ^'''"^^' *''^ f'^^" ">^^ '^''"^^ mole," 
 said Rutfy . I'm „c,t greedy ; and he likes porridc^e 
 
 Its a change, instead of always eating wormg."'' ' 
 5. But Flopsy was very cross, and said; "He 
 ought to know better, and set his brothers and 
 sisters a better example." Then she turned his 
 pocket inside out. It was such a nasty greasy 
 ittle pocket, and full of all sorts of other ^hinc4 
 besides. Ne-'t she put him in the corner wi?h 
 ins face to the wall, and would not let him have 
 any more breakfast. So Ruffy cried : " Boo ! boo ! 
 boo ! I II never be naughty any more." 
 
 Aot till next time, I daresay," Tomassie saia. 
 G. ^ow, when breakfast was over, he and Flopsv 
 washed up the porridge-bowls, anu put them neatly 
 away. <^ 
 
 .,t^ '" !I^'^ ^"^"^ «" t'-^'king as happily as pos- 
 SI ,le, and Tomassie promised to stay with the rab- 
 bits until Papa and Mamma Bunny returned; for 
 J lopsy said ; " What shall we do if the fox comes? 
 
 gun. So Tomassie stayed. 
 
 V. When the rabbits had all had their dinner, 
 they ran out to play, but presently came rushing 
 '"- ^"-'''■"- another- th " 
 
 with fear, and their lonf 
 
 faces white 
 
 ears straight on end. 
 
28 
 
 Til HID READER. 
 
 i '!!:! 
 
 I I 
 
 "() ToniMssio ! Flopsy ! the fox, the fox." 
 
 " Where? where?" cried Flopsy. 
 
 "(^)miii<r thr()ii<>h the wood," they cried with 
 their littU; hearts be{itin<2^ as if tliey woidd thump 
 out of their bodies. 8. Tomassie took up his «jun, 
 and put a <rreat real cartrid<>:e in it. Then he went 
 to the door, while all the little rabbits be^an to 
 l)ut up the shutters. Yes, sure enou<^h, there 
 cumo the old fox. Tomassie could see his red 
 eoat shininij out from amonsrst the "-recn <?rass and 
 flowers, as he sauntered through the wood toward 
 tho rabbits' sunny bank. Tomassie cocked Kis 
 gun and waited. 9. Nearer and nearer came the 
 fox, crcepin^^ along from bush to bush, birds and 
 insects all tlying before him as he moved. When 
 ho got very near he stopped, and Tomassie could 
 see his great green eyes shining through tho bushes. 
 IIo was waiting for a rabbit to come out, that he 
 might catch him and eat him ; but, as we know, 
 the rabbits were safe in their hole, and even Rutfy 
 and liobtail were as still as mice. lo. When he saw 
 Tomassie he gave a low bark, and sprang towards 
 him ; but Tomassie put up his gun, and said : 
 "Take care, Mr. Fox." 
 
 " Come away from there, you great, ugly black 
 cut; or I'll make you," said the fox. 
 
 " Don't be rude, or I'll shoot you at once," said 
 Tomassie. 
 
 " What business have you there ? that's my hole." 
 
 " No, it's not ; it belongs to the rabbits, and I 
 uni staying with them." 
 
TOMASSIE AND THE liAIJlilTS. 
 
 2d 
 
 " If you stand thoro talkin«r any lonircr, I'll eat 
 up all th(! rabbits at once, and kill you. 
 
 "Oh, oh ! but you nuist <r('t us tirst,' Mr. Fox." 
 
 11. Then the fox rushed at him, showin;:^ .,11 his 
 
 teeth ; but Tomassi(! took good aim, and shot hiuj 
 
 right through his head. Down he fell quite dead. 
 
 Then all the little lUnmies, nlio had given a great 
 
 juinj) when the gun was hred of]', came rushing up 
 
 . the hole, and there was Tomassie unhurt, with the 
 
 cruel fox dead at his feet. 12. Then they all cried 
 
 for very joy, and kissed Tomassie again and 
 
 again, and danced like wild Indians round the 
 
 body of the fox. Next morning Mr. and Mrs. 
 
 Bunny returned home V(>ry sad because they had 
 
 not found half such a nice bank as their own ; but 
 
 when they heard all about Tomassie's brave deed, 
 
 they were very glad that they would still be able 
 
 to live in their dear old home. 
 
 Dictation. — Learn to write out the followina: 
 JVeca-er and nearer came the fox, creqnnf/ along from 
 hush to hush, birds and insects all flyitifj before him 
 as he moved. 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn to spel! the following words: 
 
 Promised Cartridge Business 
 
 Inverted Siuuitered Porridge 
 
 2. Point out nouns, adjectives, and verbs in sections 11 and 12. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to tlie following noims : Bubbits, cars, 
 fitools, })oc.k(!t, gun, fox, ami, eyes, carlrlih/e. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns: liubbitK, (/un,fox. 
 
 5. Change the following nouns into adjectives: Greed, urease, 
 fear, heart, su^talk; joy, friend. 
 
 6. Change the following adjectives and verbs into noims : 
 Wash, shoot, happy, lohite, dead, cruel, practise, qreat. 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
30 
 
 TiniUJ RE A I )E 11. 
 
 HIDDEN TREASURES. 
 
 ■ 
 
 :i :: ,-V( 
 
 Treas'ure, hoarded money. 
 Trenched, cut deep furrows. 
 
 In their neiRhborhood, 
 
 I their own vineyard. 
 
 rear 
 
 1. A vinc-di'csscr who lay at the point of death 
 called his children around him and said : " There 
 i.s a treasure in our vineyard, if you will only di^ 
 for it." " Where ? " cried they all . But the father 
 could only say, "Dig for it," and died. 2. He was 
 hardly buried when the sons began to dig with all 
 their might for what they supposed to bo gold, 
 and raked, hoed, and trenched the vineyard over 
 till not a spot was left that had not passed under 
 their hands again and again. There was not a clod 
 that w\as not broken to dust ; the soil was all put 
 through a sieve, and every stone in the length and 
 breadth of the vineyard was hunted out and thrown 
 away. But no sign of any treasure appeared, and 
 they began to fear their father had been mock- 
 ing them. 
 
 3. When next year came, however, they saw 
 Avith wonder that every vine bore threefold, and 
 that the clusters were far liner than those of any 
 other vineyard in their neighborhood. They then 
 saw what their father had meant, and that the 
 treasure was to be got only by hard work ; so they 
 dug each season from that time as they had done 
 in search of the gold, and they found a treasure, 
 year after year, as great as the first. 
 
 Questions. — 1. What did the vine-dresser ^1 his children? 
 2. Where was the treasure to be found ? 3. What did the sons 
 set to work to do as soon as their father was dead ? 4. What 
 
HIDDEN TREASUUKH. 
 
 it of death 
 
 31 
 
 was (lono to tho dod.s ? 5. Wliat to tl.c soil ? (5. Wliat to tlie 
 stones? 7. Did thcyfind .ii,. tieasiin.' tlicy expect,.,! 5> 8. What 
 liai,p..ne<l to the vines next year? <). AVl.at was the real treas- 
 ure whieh their father had promised ? 10. How tlid they work 
 every year ? 
 
 ExKHcjsE. — L Learn to spell the following words: 
 Treasure Sieve Appeared 
 
 II"^'<' Vineyard Wonder 
 
 2. Point out the nomis, adjectives, and verbs in the last two 
 sentences of the above. 
 
 ;5. Put adjectives befor.- the following nouns: Chihlven, treas- 
 nrt\ spot, clod, soil, stone, and thnt. 
 
 4 Explain the following phrases: (1) Lav at the point of. 
 (-) >o sign of any treastu'i. appeared. (;]) Eveiy vine bore 
 threetold. 
 
 n. Add verbs to the following nouns: Vlne-dresHer, children, 
 
 vines, trettsnrc. 
 
 SIGNS OF EAIX. 
 
 Span'iel, a Uiiul of doj,v 
 Snort'ing, grunting. 
 Kine, cows. 
 WinRs, fiifs. 
 
 Incau'tious, rash, heedless. 
 Vest, wiiisrooat. 
 
 Russ'et, roildish-brown. 
 Quits, loaves. 
 Odd, funny. 
 Precip'itate, headlong. 
 Jaunt, iih^'usure-trip. 
 
 !• The hollow Aviiids boo-in to blow, 
 
 Tho cloiids look l)l;K'k, tho ijlass is low,i 
 The s()|||f;ills down,'- tho spaniels sleep, 
 And spidei-s from their cobwebs peep. 
 
 K i 
 
32 
 
 'JimiD HEADER. 
 
 \ lli 
 
 1 iitnijiJi 
 
 ilijii; 
 
 ■ III 
 
 .if 
 
 2. Hark ! how llio clinirs and tables crack ; 
 Old Hetty's joints arc on the rack ;^ 
 Loud ((uack he ducks, the luiacocks cry ; 
 The distant hills are seeniin<r niirh :' 
 
 How restless are the snort in<; swine ; 
 The busy Hies disturb the kine ; 
 Low o'er the <;rass the swallov,- win<js ;" 
 The cricket, too, how sharp l»c sin^s ; 
 Puss on the hearth, with vehct paws, 
 Sits, vvipin<r o'er her whiskcre<l jaws. 
 
 3. Throu«?h the clear stream the fishes rise 
 And nimbly catch the incautious Hies; 
 The frog has changed his yellow vest,® 
 And in u russet coat is drost ; 
 
 My dog, so alterrd in his taste. 
 
 Quits mutton-bone.isij on grass to feast. • 
 
 4. And see von rooks, how odd their fliiiht ! 
 They imitate the gliding kite,^ 
 
 And seem precipitate to fall, 
 As if they felt the piercing ball. 
 
 5. 'Twill surely rain ; I see with sorrow 
 Our jaunt must be put oti' to-morrow. 
 
 Dr. Jenner. 
 
 Explanations. — 1. " Tire glass if low " — The baromeier, an 
 iiistrament for indicatina; the weight of the air, and tlius fore- 
 showing what kind of weather is coming, is often railed the 
 '* glass." When the mercury in tlie barometer is not standing 
 at as high a level as usual, then the glass is " /ow," and rain may 
 be expected. 2. " The soot falls down " — JKhen the air is 
 eliarged with moisture, and it is troinsr to raim the dry soot in 
 the chimney attracts the moisture, and, becoming heavy, falls 
 
 :l I 
 
 ■■JL 
 
SIGNS OF HA IN. 
 
 33 
 
 down. tl. " 01(1 Hotty"s joints aro on tlio rack " — Tho " rack " 
 was an instruniotit of tortur(> fonnorly used by cruel men its 
 operation hcinjr to stret.-l. the joints and thns prodnce yieat 
 pain. To be " on the rack " means, therefore, to be in j,'reat 
 pain. "Old Hetty" was rhemnatie, and Iier joints hurt her 
 wlien tlu' weather was -oini; to chan-je. 4. " The dLstaiit Idlls 
 are seeming ni-h " — lirfore rain, the air often becomes clear, 
 and the mountauis look nearer than usual, r,. " Low o'er 
 the grass the swallow win-s-'-On the approach of rain the 
 swallows tly c!os(. to the ground, b, uisc the iusc-cts on wh-jh 
 tlicy feed do not tly so hiirh in the ai. on such occasions. It la 
 for the sanu' reason, as stated a f.nv lines fmther on, that the 
 tishes become unusually active in catchin- (lies just before rain 
 comes on. (i. " Tlu^ fro- has chansed his y.-llow vest " - When 
 t IS light and sunny, the color of the frog is bright yellow, but 
 he becomes much browner in color when the '(veather is dark 
 and cloudy. 7. " The gliding kite - - The " kite " i:s a kind 
 of hawk, which catches its prey by slowly sailing in circles over 
 the ground, and then poimcing down suddenly when it sees any 
 small miimal below. When rain is coming on, the rook.'? have 
 a habit of tossing and tumbling in the air. 
 
 Q(iK.STiONs. -1. What falls down the chimney before rain? 
 2. What do spaniels do before rain? .'{. What do spiders do'» 
 4. And the chairs and tai)le,s ? r,. What do the ducks do? 
 (.. \\ hat cry do the peacocks make ? 7. What disturbs th.. kine ? 
 ^^. What is i)u:ss doing? i». AVliat change conies over the fro- 
 on the approach of rain ? 10. How is the dog's taste altered ? 
 11. How do the rooks fly when rain is coming on ? 
 ExEUciSES. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Cob,vcb? Whiskered Imitate 
 
 Jeacocks Incautious Precipitate 
 
 Hearth Kusset Piercing 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in the first ei"ht 
 lines. . ° 
 
 ii. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Winds, ,hicL% 
 inlis, cricket, Jfi('.s,fro(j, sh-pnin, pawsjawfi. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns: Soot, chairs, kine, 
 rjrans, rooks, dog. 
 
 5. Explain the following sentences: (1) The distant hills arc 
 seeming nigh. (2) They nimblv catch the inc-iufions flies 
 (■i) guits mutton-bones on grass to feast. (4) Seem precipitate 
 to fall, as if they felt the piercing ball. 
 
 '1 1 
 s 
 
 i 
 
84 
 
 TUIIih UKADICn. 
 
 THK DOG. 
 
 Snv'ftRe, wild mid miol. 
 AHHo'ciate, ■ <>in|»')i|iiii. 
 Sadao'ityi Ht'imf. 
 
 Assail'ant, 'uio who attank*. 
 Mod'el, I 111- in'ifi'ct iiiitt'Tii. 
 Despair', "■'ii:\i>lfic wnutcif hope. 
 
 1. "Jliorci is jK'i-liaps no siiiijiflo 
 niiimnl wliicli 1ms lu'cn ujoro iis<'- 
 t'lil to niiiM tliiiii the (loij: ; and 
 yet no ono knows with ccrtjiinly 
 Avluu'o (lo^s first canu' from, 
 Avliat is tiu'ir native count ly, 
 or how thoy hcfanic! tanu! and 
 attached thunisolvcs to their 
 human masters. It is o-enerally 
 supposed that th(( do_i>" is only 
 a kind of wolf, since these two 
 animals are really very like 
 each other. In fact ii sheep- 
 (loiT hardly diil'ers from u wolf 
 in ajjpearance, except that he 
 carries his tail more or less 
 curled up, while tlu; wolf's tail 
 always hangs down. ■->. AVhat 
 a (liirercnc(^ there is, however, 
 hetween these two animals in 
 
 >^jl^. f^^- 
 
 ST. liEBNAUU LOG, 
 
THE Doa. 
 
 d5 
 
 thoir ti'iniKT niul disposition ! The wolf is a snv- 
 iv^v. iiixl uiiliiniiihit' hciist of prey, feared and hated 
 by those who live in the eonntiies which it in- 
 hahils. On the other hand, the (h>«,^ has been the 
 friend mid e()in|)ani<)n of man from the very enrliast 
 times. 3. Then; is no corner of the earth, from 
 the hurnin<,' phiins of Africii and India to tho 
 
 SrAOHOUND. 
 
 frozen Avastes of Labrador and Greenland, to 
 which man has not been j-companicd by this faith- 
 ful and atfectionato associate. Contented with the 
 poorest fare, and hardly changed by even the 
 roughest usage, the dog gives to his master all his 
 love, his strength, his swiftness, his c(mstant 
 watchfulness, his courage, and his intelligence. 
 In this respect, all dogs are alike, though different 
 
Ill 
 
 36 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 kinds of dogs have very difforent uses. 4. The 
 little terrier guards our houses by day and night, 
 ever ready to hark if it hears a strange foot or a 
 voieo that it does not know. The swift and onu-e- 
 ful greyiiound, tiie tall and powerful deer-hound, 
 the si)aniels, the retrievers, the fox-hounds, and 
 many otlier kinds of dogs, are principally useful 
 JMJ helping their masters to hunt down wild animals. 
 
 WATKU Sl'AMEL. 
 
 5. At one time, indeed not very many hundreds of 
 years ago, wolves and hears were quite connnon in 
 the old country ; and it was as dangerous to walk 
 at night in an English wood, as it would now be in 
 some of the forests of the wilder parts of Kussia. 
 That Great Britain is now rid of these ferocious 
 animals is largely owing to the help of the dog. 
 
 c. Far away in the frozen north, where the 
 ground is almost always covered with snow and 
 ice, the dog is of the greatest use as a beast of 
 burden, as there are no horses or oxen. Several 
 
THE DOG. 
 
 37 
 
 Eskimo (logs are harnessed to a little sledge, on 
 which the driver sits, and they eaii travel in this 
 way iifty or sixty nnMes a day. V Tiie Newfound- 
 land dog is also often employed in its native 
 country for drawing carts or sie(lg(>s loaded with 
 wood or merchandise. This noble dog, however, 
 is best known for its great powers of swimming! 
 and many people have been saved from drowning. 
 l)y its help. 8. Another dog that is equally famous ' 
 for the numl)er of lives saved by its aid is the 
 St. Bernard dog of the Alps. These splendid 
 annnals are kept at the convent of St. Bernard, 
 more than ten thousand feet above the level of 
 the sea, and are thoroughly accustomed to make 
 their way through the deep snow which covers 
 the ground at this great elevation. o. Many 
 stories are told of the courage and sagacity dis- 
 played by the dogs of St. Bernard in tracking out 
 and assisting unfortunate travellers who have lost 
 their way in the snow, or have been overcome bv 
 the cold. '' 
 
 10. The dog which follows carriages is either the 
 Danish dog or an animal of a similar kind from 
 Dalmatia. The swiftest dog Me have is the grey- 
 hound, which i)ursues game by sight and not by 
 scent, n. The largest kind of dog is either the 
 Newtoundland or the mastiif ; and the smallest the 
 Mexican lapdog, which is not much larger than a 
 rat. A Newfoundland was once attacked by a 
 bull-dog, whicji pi,,n(Ml him by the nose and hun- 
 on to It, in spite of all that could bo done to shake 
 
 I 
 
 r^ 
 
 ?!f 
 
38 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 him off. The Newfoundland, however, happening 
 to spy a pailful of boiling tar in the neighborhood"^ 
 bolted towards it, and quietly lowered his obstinate 
 enemy into the boiling fluid — a measure which 
 efl'ectually rid him of his assailant. 
 
 wm 
 
 12. The last dog which we shall mention is the 
 shepherd's dog, which may be regarded as the 
 model of all dogs for patience, cleverness, and 
 devoted faithfulness. Every one knows the skill 
 with which a sheep-dog watches a large flock of 
 .sheej), and the wonderful manner in which he 
 recognizes his master's wishes, and understands his 
 orders and signals. It would be endlesy to begin 
 to tell anecdotes of the sheep-dog, l)ut one instance 
 of his sagacity may be given. 
 
THE DOO. 
 
 39 
 
 13. A shepherd was one evening ch-iving a large 
 flock of laml)s across the hills to a farm-house hi 
 the south of Scotland. The lambs suddenly took 
 fright at something or another, and dashed off in 
 three different directions. Darkness was coming 
 on, and the shepherd soon lost sight of every one 
 of his flock. 14. In his trouble "lie told his dog 
 to go and look for the lost sheep, and he himself 
 set off" in another direction to see if he could find 
 nny trace of them. In this he was disappointed, 
 and, after wandering aliout all night, he was just 
 giving up the search in despair, when he perceived 
 his dog at the bottom of a small valley guardin^r 
 n number of lambs. 15. What was his joy, on 
 making his way to the spot, to discover that the 
 faithful animal had succeeded during the night in 
 collecting the flock, and that not one of them Avas 
 missing. 
 
 Questions -1. What was tlie dog originally ? 2. What is 
 tlie difference between a dog and a wolf ? 3. Where is the <lo- 
 tound? 4. What is the work of the terrier? o. What kinds 
 of dogs are used in hunting? G. What wild animals were at 
 one-time common in Great Britain ? 7. In what way is the dog 
 useful in the far north? 8. How is the Newfoundland em- 
 ployed ? 9. Upon what kind of service are St. Bernard dogs 
 
 wZfTn ,''' ^°;-.^^'f'^P"'-P«««i« the greyhound used? 11. 
 What IS tl c largest kuul of dog ? 12. The smallest ? W. Tell 
 me the story of the Newfoundland and tlie hull-dog? 14. 
 
 'lU »L ?, \ '"^'' J''''"'^"*' '^'''^^'•' '•""! f'^ithful of dogs? 15. 
 1 ell me the story of the shepherd's dog and the lambs. 
 
 lessmr'^™'^'"'^*''"'" ^"^ "'"'*" ""' "'^ ^"^^ sentence in this 
 ExKKCiSEs. -1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Generally Principally Harness.'.! Model 
 
 Accompani,>d Carnivorous Accustomed Anecdotes 
 
 i 
 
 'J' I 
 
 m 
 
n 
 
 40 
 
 TIIIIW HEADER. 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs m sections 
 13, 14, and 15, 
 
 3. Make adjectives of the followins nouns: Use, master, 
 frinvl, frost, faith, affection, content, watch, niqht, power, 
 aantjer, fame, winter, trouble, joy. 
 
 4. Make nouns out of the following adjectives and verbs: 
 Tame, like, freeze, use, strong, Ion,/, intelVujmt, differ, quard, 
 obstinate, travel, patient, clever, tell, drive, discover, collect. 
 
 5. Explain the following phrases: (1) What a difference there 
 IS in tenii)er and disposition ! (2) The dog is contented with the 
 poorest fare. (;)) 'J'he St. Bernard dog is accustomed to make 
 his way through the snow. (4.) The sheep-dog recognizes his 
 master's wishes. 
 
 TI'IE PLUM-CAKES. 
 
 Scout'ed, laughed at. 
 Discern'inK, judgment and power 
 
 of dibtiiiguishing g >od from 
 
 evil. 
 
 Diacre'tlon, good sense. 
 Resolved', determined. 
 Conveyed', brought. 
 
 1 
 
 Hoard'ing, storing up. 
 Anx'ious, careful and concerned. 
 Crave, call for food. 
 Fru'Kal, sparing and saving. 
 Gor'mandizinK, gluttonous and 
 
 fond of good eating. 
 Mod'erate, keeping to rule. 
 
 A farmer who some wealth possest, 
 With three fine boys was also blest. 
 Tom, Will, and Jack, like other boys, 
 Loved tops and marbles, sport and toys. 
 The ftirmer scouted the false plan, 
 That money only makes the man ; 
 And to the best of his discerning 
 Was bent on giving them good learnino- ; 
 So with due care a school he sought. 
 Where his young sons might well be taught. 
 
 8. Twelve days before the closing year, 
 When Christmas holidays were near, 
 
 MHMMi 
 
THE PLUM t\lKES. 
 
 41 
 
 m sections 
 
 3. 
 
 The father calls to see the boys, 
 
 And asks how each his time employs ; 
 
 Then from a l)askct straight he takes 
 
 A goodly numher of plum-cakes ; 
 
 Twelve cakes he gives to each dear son, 
 
 Who each expected only one ; 
 
 And then Avith many a kind expression, 
 
 He leaves them to their own discretion, 
 
 liesolved to mark the use each made 
 
 Of what he to their hands conveyed. 
 
 The twelve days past, he comes once more, 
 And brings their ponies to the door ; 
 As home with them his ride he takes, 
 He asks the history of the cakes. 
 
 Says Will : "Dear Father, life is short, 
 So I resolved to make quick sport ; 
 The cakes Avere all so nice and sweet, 
 I thought I'd have a jolly treat ; 
 So, snugly by myself I fed 
 When every boy was gone to bed ; 
 I ate them all, both paste and plum. 
 And did not spare a single crumb ; 
 But, oh ! they nuide me, to my sorrow. 
 As sick as death upon the morrow." 
 
 Quoth Tom : " I was not such a dunce 
 To eat my plum-cakes all at once ; 
 And though the whole were in my pov.er, 
 Did I a single cake devour ? 
 Thanks to the use of keys and locks, 
 They're all now snug within my box." 
 
 I 
 
 i' 
 
 3 
 
 i 1 
 ■ ( 
 
 
 
42 
 
 TniRD READER. 
 
 The mischief mjis, hj hoardinir \o\\cr 
 T\\vy i;i-(>w so mouldy' and so strong, 
 Tlud. none of thcni nas tit to cat, 
 And so ho lost his father's treat. 
 
 0. " Well, Jack," the anxious parent cries, 
 l^llow did joii inanao-e?"— Jack replies : 
 "1 thought each day its Avants would have, 
 And ai)p(^tite again would crave ; 
 So every day I took hut one, 
 But never ate my cake alone ; 
 \\'ith every boy I knew, I shared. 
 And more tljan half I always spared. 
 One every day 'twixt self and friend 
 Has brought my dozen to an end. 
 
 7. '"Pom called me spendtlirift not to save ; 
 U'ill called me fool because J <xav(! ; 
 But when our last day came I smiled, 
 For "^Vill^s were gone, and Tom's were spoiled 
 Not hoarding much, nor eating fast, 
 My cakes were good unto the last." 
 
 ><. Those tales the i'ather's thoughts employ ; 
 " By llH'se," said ho, "I know each boy. 
 Vet Tom who hoarded what he had, 
 The world will call a frugal lad ; 
 And selrish gormandiiiing 'u ill 
 \V ill meet with friends and favorers still ; 
 )\'hiIo moderate Jack, so wise and cool. 
 The mad arid vain will deem a fool. 
 Hut I his sober plan approve, 
 And Jack has gained a father's love." 
 
 Hannah More. 
 
 ■ * ' II ifcn 
 
PALM TREES. 
 
 43 
 
 Questions.- 1. What were the names of the farmer's boys ? 
 2. Wliat did the farmer think best for his sons ? ;]. At what 
 time did the fatlier call to see his boys? 4. How many cakes 
 did he give to eac-h boy '? ■,. I„ how nii.ny <lays <iid the farmer 
 return 5> 6. What luid Will done with his eakes ? 7. What was 
 tlie conse(iuence ? S. Wliat did 'I'om do with liis ':' iJ What 
 followed ? 10. IIow dill Jack niuna-e '? 11. Which son did the 
 farmer like best '.* 
 
 ExEJU'isijs. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Discerning Discretion Hoarding Spendthrift -'" 
 Holidays Conveyed Anxious (iormandizing 
 Straight Sorrow Appetite Favorers 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in section 5. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the ft)llowing words: Farmer, hoyn 
 mnupji, .^c/kjoI, ral.-cs, liox. ' 
 
 4. Make verbs out of the following nouns and adjectives: 
 False, fthori, iwioer, ina<h -spoil. 
 
 5. Make nouns out of the following verbs and adjectives- 
 Emplo!/, fipprove, hlc^s, vxpeH, Uiscreef, express, quid; re- 
 solve, discern, learn, anxious, moderate. 
 
 (i. Explain the following phrases: (1) The farmer scouted the 
 false Idea that money oidy makes the man. {2} He left his sons 
 to their own discretion. (:j) Appetite would crave again, (4) 
 I approve Jack's sober plan. 
 
 -lb 
 
 h 
 
 H- 
 
 FIDELITY. AND PERSEVERANCE. 
 I live for tho.se who lovo me, 
 
 For those Avho know me true, 
 For the heaven that smiles above me, 
 
 And awaits my spirit, too ; 
 For the cause thnt needs assistance. 
 For the Avrong that needs resistanf^e, 
 For the future in the distance. 
 
 For the good that I can do. 
 
 SI 
 
 •It 
 
44 
 
 TllIIiD UEADER, 
 
 Never give up ! 'Ti.s the secret of glory, 
 Nothing so wise can jthilosopliy preach ; 
 
 Look at the lives that arc famous in storv, 
 " Never give up " is the lesson they teucli. 
 
 How have men compassed innnortal achievements ? 
 ,. „^^"^^ ^^''^^ ^^'^'^' moulded the world to their will ? 
 Tis that midst dangers and sorest hereavements, 
 "Never give up" Mas their principle still. 
 
 ExEHCiSE— Commit these stanzas to memory. 
 
 STORY OF COUNT GRAFF. 
 
 Men-at-arms, puid soldiers. 
 
 Toll, money imid by jiasseiigprs for 
 the right of travelling on a 
 certain road or river. 
 
 Ward'ers, keepers, watchmen. 
 
 Tilled, cultivated, dug up 
 
 Man'ifold, of many kinds. 
 
 Hus'bandman, farmer. 
 
 Transferred', rcinovcd. 
 Commis'erate, pity. 
 Qran'aries, places to store corn or 
 
 grain in. 
 Guild'er, a, Hutch coin worth about 
 
 forty-two and a half cents. 
 Cov'etousness, greediness. 
 Jocularly, jokingly. 
 
 1. Once upon a time, ages ago, when the castles 
 on the river Rhine Averc inhabitcul l)y harons and 
 their men-at-arms, a tower in the mid.st of the rivei- 
 was erected by a wicked and poMcrful chief named 
 Count Graaf, for the i)urpose of exacting tolls 
 from every one avIio passed up or down the Rhine. 
 If a boat or barge dared to go by without drawino- 
 up to the tower to pay a certain toll, the warders 
 on the top of the battlements had orders to shoot 
 with cross-bows at the voyager, and either oblige 
 him to draw nigh, or kill him for daring to pa'sa 
 
 MMl 
 
STORV OF COUNT OliAAF. 
 
 45 
 
 without payincr. 2. You must understand that the 
 baron who exacted tin's toll had done nothi:-- in 
 deserve it, and had no luw in his favor. It ''was 
 only of his own will and pleasure that he de- 
 manded money from passinj,^ boats, as a means of 
 supportin.ir himself, and of ac(iuiring wealth with- 
 out working for it. 
 
 fOl'Nr (ili.VAl-'.S CASTLK ON Till.; ItlllNi:. 
 
 3. Everybody- far and nenr feared this domineer- 
 ing rascal. He k_ei)t a I)and of men in another 
 castle which he had at some distance, and with 
 these he deHed any one to prevenf li1s doing as he 
 hked. Often he had battles with neighboring 
 i)arons ; but he Avas generally victorious, and on 
 such occasions he never kept any prisoners. All 
 who were taken he put to death with shockincr 
 cruelty. '^ 
 
 " 'S 
 
 <■^ 
 
 1 K 
 
 If 
 1'" 
 
 
46 
 
 Tiiinii niiADKn. 
 
 *■ Ainono^ other ways by which ho pithcred 
 money was iiat of occasionally l)iiyin<j^ up, or 
 rather takin<r for a small price wliicji he put ujum 
 it, the con. «jfro\vn l)y the peasants in his nei«rli. 
 l)()rhood. (Jraaf was a very cuiuiing man in this 
 respect. He could very easily have taken all the 
 crops for ten miles round for nothin«r ; l)ut the con- 
 sequence would have been, that no one Avould have 
 tilled any more land in that (juarter, and so he 
 could not have taken more than the corn of a simple 
 .season, r,. Pie was, as I say, too cunning for this ; 
 his plan was to make a show of kindness to the 
 country-people, , but to take advantage of their 
 being poor and nei'dy. Sometimes he sent the 
 corn which he thus got at a tritling expense to 
 Mayence, and procuredhirge si nis for it ; but more 
 fre(iuently he kept the corn up till there was a 
 scarcity, and then he could get for it any money 
 he liked to name. 
 
 c. Year after year Count Graaf grew richo.- and 
 .'.cher with robberies of one kind and another ; and 
 every one said that he cotdd not pass out of tho 
 ♦vorld without some sharp and signal punishment 
 for his greed and manifold oppressions. This, 
 however, seemed long in coming about ; ])ut the 
 time of vengeance arrived at last. ^. He had 
 become old and more hard-hearted than ever, when 
 one year ther«j arose a dreadful famine in the land. 
 The summer and autumn wcr.' so wet that the 
 grain did not ripen, and it coiitimicd still green 
 when the snows of winter fell on the ground. In 
 
STOUY OF COUNT OUaaF. 4'^ 
 
 every town and viHacr;, the cry of distress was 
 heard ; the hushanchnan saw his (thihhvii faintin'r 
 and porishin<j: for want of food, aiid (ho wealtiiy 
 were beconiin«r poor, f,oni hc>in<r ohUgod to pur- 
 chase at enormous prices small supplies of bread. 
 H. Every one was sutterincr except the cumiin.r oj.l 
 baron whom I am tellin«r you of. While everjOxxly 
 else cried, he laughed and chuckled over the rare 
 high prices he exi)ccted he should get for his great 
 store of grain, which, for security, he transferred 
 to the rooms and vaults of the tower in the river. 
 
 9. Things during that awful winter became daily 
 worse throughout the country, ^'he poor of the 
 villages flocked to the towns for assistance; but 
 the towns being as badly off* as the villages, the 
 fannshing crowds were refused admittance, and 
 they perished in thousands at the gateways. All 
 animals tit for food were killed and eaten up 
 — cows, oxen, horses, dogs, and other creatures. 
 
 10. A very curious thing was now ol)served. Lar^e 
 numbers of rats began to wander about the 
 country in quest of food ; and so bold and ferocious 
 did they become, that people fled before them. 
 
 11. When accounts of these distresses were taken to 
 old Count Graaf at the tower, he did not in the 
 smallest degree commiserate the sufferings of the 
 poor. Instead of opening his granaries ami selling)- 
 his corn at a reasonable cost, he declared that ho 
 should not dispose of a single sack till the price 
 of the loaf in Mayence reached as high as ten 
 guilders. 12. ''U the people are starving," said he 
 
 m 
 
 
 ! i 
 
48 
 
 TIlUiD JiJJAOA'lt. 
 
 joculany, "wliy do they not (•.•.( m<s, rnfhor than 
 allou' s.) much «r,„„I food to n-o to wusto Ihrou.rliout 
 tho country?" This vas a hitter sayings and it 
 was afterwards rcnu'in'Dcrcd a<rainst hiinr J3. One 
 ni<?ht, when lie was sittin^r i„ his tower there, 
 con^nvitulatiiifr hiinself on soon i^ettin^rthe price he 
 demanded— for the loaf was now sellincr for iiin(> 
 and a half .guilders — tho warder from the top of 
 the eastle rushed suddenly into liis apartment, an<l 
 deehired that the river was covered with armies of 
 rats swimmin^r holdly to tho tower, and that some 
 had ah-eady gained a landing, and were elimhin<r 
 the loopholes and walls. ^ 
 
 14. Scarcely had this intelligence been communi- 
 cated hy the territied man-at-arms, when thou- 
 sands of famishing rats poured in at the doors, 
 windows, and passages, in search, no douht, of 
 something to cat, whether corn or human heinc^s 
 mattered not to them. Flight and defence 
 were e«]ually impossihle. WJiile host after host 
 attacked the granaries, l)an(ls fell upon the 
 wicked old haron, and he was worried to death 
 where he lay, and almost inmiediatelv torn in 
 pieces and devoured, ir.. fho warder and one or 
 two other attendants alone escaped, bv lhrowin<r 
 themselves into a boat and making witii all speed 
 for the nearest bank of the river. When tho 
 news of Count Ciraaf's death was spread abroad, 
 nobody mourned his fate, which indeed \vas looked 
 upon as a just punishment for his great covetous- 
 ness and cruelty, ic. No one ventunvl nnn,- fK« 
 
 Jvili, 
 
UTOIiY OF COUNT (JliAAF. 
 
 49 
 
 towor for sovenil luontli.s uftorwHrds. Wlicn at 
 length tlio lu'ir.s of tlio eoiuit visited it, they found 
 that all Ihc irvnin had been eaten up, and that 
 nothini!^ remained of its former owner hut a 
 skeh'ton streteliod o'l the eold Hoor of oik; of the 
 apartments. 
 
 QirKHTioNH. — 1. Whcio did Coma (Jriuif build his oastle ? 2. 
 How did lu! treat tin; i)uiits passing up and down tlui river ? .'{. 
 Ilaci \h: aiiyrij,'lit to treat travellers in this way ? 4. In wliaf 
 otlier ways did Count <iraaf gather up money ? T.. Wliy did lie 
 not use his i)ower, and rob the eouutry p«!oplft of their corn 
 
 without paying for it ? ((. What used he to do with th rn 
 
 whicli he proem-ed ? 7. What happened om; year, when Cotmt 
 (iraaf was beeominf,'ol<r,' «. How did he behave while every 
 one <'lse was starving ? i). What was the price which he said 
 tlie loaf must reach, before he sold his corn •.' 10. What hap- 
 pened one night, when he was sitting in his tower? 11, Wliat 
 did the rats do to tlie count ? 12. How was his death generally 
 regarded ? i;5. Wliat w;is found on visiting tlie tower some 
 montlis aft(!rwards '.' 
 
 E.XKKCIHES. ^ 
 
 Voyag' r 
 
 .earn to spoil the following words 
 
 Punishment 
 < )ppressions 
 Purchase 
 
 Security 
 
 Ferocious 
 
 Granaries 
 
 !S, ami verlis in paragraphs 
 
 Pleasure 
 Domineering 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adject! 
 1 and 2. 
 
 •i. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Huron, cruelty, 
 /((mine, winter, rutu,' in-icen, town, vllUuje, urnmmcs, tower, 
 army, river. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns ; Toll,p, is,, nera, cro))s, 
 corn, dof/n, loaf, people, warder, ii('rc(tn!.-<, rafx, heirs. 
 
 5. Explain the following sentences; (i ; His plan was to make 
 a show of Iiindness. (2) He could get for it any aoney he liked 
 to name. (3) The time of vengeance arrived at last. (4) 
 Congratulating liimself on soon getting the price he uemanued. 
 (5) Scarcely liad this intelligence been communicated by the 
 terrified man-at-arms. 
 
 t 
 
>0 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 THE PROGRESS OF NAVIGATION. 
 
 Naviga'tion, the art of managing 
 
 a ship ill motion. 
 Qrad'ually, slowly. 
 Fad'dle, a piece of thin wood, 
 
 narrow where it is grasped by 
 
 the hand and broad where it 
 
 touches the water. 
 Oar, a longer piece of wood shaped 
 
 somewhat like a paddle. 
 
 Dug'-out, a canoe made by dig- 
 ging out the interior portion of 
 a log of wood. 
 
 Vent'uresome, daring. 
 
 Spar, a long, round piece of wood 
 used on board a sliip. 
 
 Voy'age, diistance travelled over. 
 
 Compart'ment, a division. 
 
 Hull, the body of a ship. 
 
 : iWm" 
 
 1. When iTien began to move from place to 
 place across sheets of water, they made use of 
 single logs of wood large enough to float them, 
 and these they drove forward by means of smaller 
 pieces of wood, which they pulled backward 
 through the water. Gradually they learned that 
 by sharpening the end of a log it could be made to 
 move more rapidly with the same force, and that 
 by making it hollow it would carry a heavier 
 weight without sinking any deeper in the water. 
 2. In this way the " dug-out " took the place of the 
 log, just as amongst the American Indians the 
 birch-bark "canoe" has taken the place of the 
 "dug-out." It was also discovered that by fast- 
 ening the paddle at one point to the side of the 
 boat, the same force could be made to drive it still 
 more ra])idly through the water, and rowing thus 
 took the place of paddling. 
 
 A great imjirovemcnt took place in the art of 
 navigation when men learned how to put pieces of 
 wood together so as to form a floating vessel of 
 any desired shape, 3. A still greater step was 
 
[ON. 
 
 made by dig- 
 :ior portion of 
 
 Ing. 
 
 piece of wood 
 
 liip. 
 
 avelled over. 
 
 vision, 
 
 hip. 
 
 place to 
 e use of 
 »at them, 
 f smaller 
 )ack\vard 
 ned that 
 
 made to 
 and that 
 
 heavier 
 e water, 
 ce of the 
 lans the 
 i of the 
 
 by fast- 
 e of the 
 e it still 
 ing thus 
 
 e art of 
 ioces of 
 !3ssel of 
 tep was 
 
$2 
 
 THIRD llEADEE. 
 
 taken when, for the first time, it was discovered 
 that by fixing an upright sheet to the boat the 
 wind could be used for the purpose of driving it 
 along. In course of time the early navigator 
 made the further discovery that, by shifting the 
 sail, he could make his boat travel in other direc- 
 tions besides that in which the wind was blowino-. 
 In ancient times large vessels were driven 
 very long distances by means of oars, but as 
 men became more expert in managing sails they 
 abandoned rowing except in the case of small 
 boats. 4. Vessels were built larger and larger as 
 sailors became more venturesome, and "spars" 
 of immense size were used for holding up the 
 sails. The upright spars are called "masts," 
 and those used for keeping the sails spread, to 
 catch the wind, are called "yards," "booms," 
 and "gaffs." Sometimes the sail is fastened to 
 i\m mast in the middle of the sheet, and the mast 
 is then said to be " square-rigged ; " sometimes the 
 sheet is fastened to the mast by one edge, and it 
 is then said to be rigged " fore-and-aft." Square 
 sails are spread by means of yards ; " a fore-and- 
 aft" sail by means of a "boom" at the bottom and 
 a "gaft'" at the top. 
 
 5. About the beginning of this century vessels 
 began to be driven by steam instead of sails. This 
 method of navigation increases the cost, but as there 
 are few or no delays on account of the weather, 
 there is a great saving of time. By using iron 
 instead of wood, and steam engines instead of 
 
THE PROGRESS OF NAVIGATION. 53 
 
 sJiils, it has bccoino possible to increase very 
 greatly the size and speed of ocean vessels. The 
 accompanyino^ engraving represents an Atlantic 
 pjussenger steamship. 6. These vessels are ri-cred 
 with spars so that they may be able to continue 
 their voyage if the engine breaks down, or to spread 
 sails on to increase the speed when the breeze is 
 favorable. They are beautifully fitted up and make 
 m a very few days a voyage which used to requh'e 
 several weeks. 
 
 'd '• 
 
 Canada is now, one of the large ship-ownin*r 
 powers of the world, in the list of which she holds 
 the fourth or fifth place. In 1881, she owned 7394 
 vessels, of which 954 were steamers, the total 
 tonnage being 1,310,89(>. 7. There are no fewer 
 than seven lines of steamships sailing regularly 
 between British ports and the St. Lawrence in 
 summer; in winter (hey trade with United States 
 ports when the gulf and vWcv are full of ice. The 
 
 ; t. 
 
 i 
 
 
 '•Mi 
 
 M- 
 
54 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 most important of these are the Allan line, Avith 
 twenty.five steamers, some of them ver«^ lar^re 
 and the Dominion line with thirteen. ' « The 
 largest steamer in the world is the Great Eastern 
 which has never been much used for passencrer 
 tmffic. All iron vessels are divided into water- 
 tight compartments, so that if a hole should hap- 
 pen to be made anywhere in the side of one of 
 them she can still remain afloat, as the water can 
 hll only a small part of the hull. In this way 
 there is very little danger of loss by shipwreck. 
 
 Questions. - 1. What were first used by men to carry them 
 across water? 2. What is a "dug-out" ? 3. By what mea^s 
 are boats driven onward ? 4. How are sails spread ? 5. When 
 was s earn first used to propel vessels ? 6. Why are steamships 
 
 trade with Canadian ports ? 8. What is the use of water-tight 
 compartments? 9. What is the position of Canada as a mar - 
 lime j; ower ? 
 
 FxEnCISES. 
 
 Sharpening 
 
 Rapidly 
 
 Canoe 
 
 ■ 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Navigator Accompany Traffic 
 
 Immense Engine Divided 
 
 Fastened Passenger Shipwreclc 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs, in sections 
 o and 4. 
 
 /ov^;J^^^'*'" ^^^ following phrases: (1) The art of navigation. 
 (2) More expert in managing sails. (3) Sailors became more 
 venturesome. (4) I'his method of navigation increases the 
 cost. (.5) These vessels are rigged with spars. 
 
 4. Trace on the map the course of the river St. Lawrence 
 and name the cities and towns on its banks. 
 
 6. Write out what you have learned about ships. 
 
IS a man- 
 
 iwrence. 
 
 MUNaO PARK AND THE NEQRO WOMAN. 55 
 MUNGO PARK AND THE NEGRO WOMAN. 
 
 Disoov'er, find out. 
 
 Des'ert, a place where crops will 
 
 not grow. 
 Toil, hard work. 
 
 Admit', let In. 
 
 Compass'ion, pity and sympathy. 
 Ligbt'en, make light and cheer- 
 ful. 
 
 1. Mungo Park was a traveller, who, in 1795, 
 vLsited Africa, and travelled about for the purpose 
 of discovering the source of a great river called 
 the Nigv^r. His journey was long, dangerous, and 
 painful, across wide desert countries, where there 
 are many wild beasts, and many tribes of black 
 men that are constantly at war with each other. 
 2. After much danger and toil, the traveller reached 
 the banks of the Niger, which he saw was a fine 
 broad river. He now wished to cross to the op- 
 posite side ; but, as he could not find a boat, he 
 resolved to wait at a village close at hand till next 
 day. 
 
 3. Park accordingly went to the village to seek 
 for lodging and food ; but the people had never 
 seen a white man before, and being afraid of him 
 they would not admit him into their houses. This 
 made him sad, and he was obliged to sit all day, 
 without food, undei' the shade of a tree. 4. Nio-ht 
 came on, and threatened to be very uncomfortable, 
 for the wind rose, with the appearance of a heavy 
 storm of rain ; and there were so many wild beasts 
 in the neighborhood, thnt Park thought he should 
 have to climb up the tree to rest all night among 
 
 B. "About sunset, however," says he, "as I was 
 
 Hk. 
 
 
56 
 
 TIIIUD liEADEli. 
 
 L'km'I 
 
 propiiriiig lo prtsH the night in this manner, and 
 iiud tunuKl my hoivse loose that ho might graze at 
 liberty, a woman stopped to look at me. ° Seeing 
 tliat I wan weary and sorrowful, she, with looks 
 of gr(!at compassion, took up my saddle and bridle, 
 and told me to follow her. Having led me into 
 iKM'hut, sh", lighted a lamp, spread a mat on the 
 floor, and told me that I miglit remain there for 
 the night. 
 
 «• " Finding that I Avas very hungry, she said 
 .she would get me something to eat. She aecord- 
 ingly wejit out, and relurned in a short time with 
 Ji vt^ry fine fish, which she broiled on some hot 
 ashesand gave me for supper. 7. The kind-hearted 
 negro womur. then pointed to the mat, and told me 
 I might sleep tlune without any fear of danger. 
 She now called to the women of her family, who 
 had iH'iiu gazing on me with wonder, to begin 
 si)imiing cotfon, and in this they employed them- 
 Hclves the greater part of the night. 
 
incr, and 
 
 graze at 
 
 Seeing 
 
 ith looks 
 
 id l)i-idlc, 
 
 mc into 
 
 t on the 
 
 there for 
 
 ihe said 
 accord- 
 ae with 
 •me hot 
 hearted 
 tohl me 
 daniifer. 
 ly, who 
 » begin 
 I them- 
 
 THE TliAVELLER IN AFRICA. 57 
 
 R. "They liglit(>ned their labor by songs, one of 
 which they made on the subject of my \\At. The 
 Jiir was sweet and mournful, and the words were 
 these : ' The winds roared and the rain fell. The 
 poor white man, faint and wciry, came and sat 
 under our tree. He has no mother to brinir him 
 nulk— no wife to grind his corn. Let us pity the 
 poor white man ^vho came and sat under our 
 tree.'" 
 
 QUESTIOXS.-1. Who was Mungo Park? 2. When, wl,ere, 
 he fi ?<[ ; P^'-P^^^^li'l '><^ travel ? 3. In what sitnaUon did 
 he find himself on tho shore of the river? 4. How was he 
 treated by the peopl.? 5. How did he spend the day? I 
 IIovv d.d lie expect to pass the night? 7. What rendered it 
 unnecessary for him to do as he had intended? 8. Give an 
 account of the treatmont he received from the negro family. 
 
 noifn^^^1??f T ^' 7"'" "'" following verbs and adjectives into 
 l^Zl: ^'f*.' ''■«^"^'' '"^''"-y' <li'<^over, ^ohite, long, strong, big, 
 resolve, admit, prepare, employ, faint, sit. 
 
 .i f'v nf^''''"/oJ''i''"°''""^ sentences: (1) He resolved to wait 
 a a village. (2) The night threatened to he very stormy. (3) 
 
 fatorlll^stg:^ '•■"' ""'^"^^'^"' '-^^ ^'''^^ ^'^'^'^--^ «-''• 
 
 THE TRAVELLER IN AFPJCA. 
 
 A NEGRO SONG. 
 
 The loud wind roared, the rain fell fast, 
 The white man yielded to the ))last ; 
 He sat him down beneath our tree. 
 For weary, sad, and faint was he : 
 But, ah ! no wife nor mother 
 
 
 
 Mi 
 
 S 
 
 W- 
 
 y 
 
 Pf 
 
 For him the milk and 
 
 ' s care 
 
 corn prepare. 
 
58 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 2. The white man shall our pity share : 
 Alas ! no wife nor mother's care 
 For him the milk and corn prepare. 
 
 3. The storm is o'er, the tempest past, 
 And mercy's voice has hushed the blast ; 
 The wind is heard in whispers low : 
 
 The white man far away nmst go ; 
 But ever in his heart will bear 
 Remembrance of the negro's care. 
 
 * CHORUS. 
 
 4. Go ! white man, go ! but with thee bear 
 The negro's wish, the negro's prayer, 
 Remembrance of the negro's care. 
 
 Duchess of Devonshire. 
 
 QUKSTIONS. — 1. Complete this line: The white man yielded 
 ... 2. Where did he sit down ? 3. For what did the negroes 
 pity him most ? 4. Repeat the first chorus. .5. Complete the 
 line: And merafs voice ... 0. Why must the white man go 
 away ? 7. Repeat the second chorus. 8. What line comes 
 after: He sat him down beneath our tree f 9. What after: The 
 wind is heard in whispers low 1 (Other lines may be given.) 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Point out tlie nouns, adjectives, and verbs in 
 the first verse. 
 
 2. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Wind, rain, man, 
 milk, corn, storm, 
 
 3. Add verbs to the following nouns: Storm, tempest, river, 
 man. 
 
 4. Explain the sentences: (1) The white man shall our pity 
 ahare. (2) Mercy's voice has hushed the blast. (3) He will 
 ever bear lu his iieart remembrance of the negro's care. 
 
I'liOaiiASTl NATION. 
 
 PROCRASTINATION. 
 
 Reputa'tlon, fame. 
 Con'fldenoe, trust, belief. 
 Law'-suit, a quarrel which has to 
 
 be settled by a judge. 
 Profess'lon,busines8,eiiiployment. 
 Oli'ent, a person who employs a 
 
 lawyer. 
 
 Housed, put under shelter. 
 E} Jedi'tion, speed. 
 Entertained', felt. 
 Tur'bid, muddy. 
 Reg'ulate, guide. 
 Dis'trict, a limited part of a 
 country. 
 
 1. One day a farmer, called Bernard, had been 
 to his county town to attend the market there ; 
 and, having finished his business, there still re- 
 mained some hours before he required to return 
 to his home. Under these circumstances, havin^^ 
 nothmor particular to do, he thought he might as 
 well get an opinion from a lawyer. He had often 
 heard people speaking of a certain Mr. Wiseman, 
 whose reputation was so great that even the judge 
 did not like to decide contrary to his opinion. The 
 farmer, therefore, asked for Mr. Wiseman's ad- 
 dress, and without delay made his way to his 
 house. 
 
 2. He found a large number of people waiting to 
 ask the advice of the learned and clever lawyer, 
 and he had to wait a long time. At last his turn 
 came, and he was shown into I the room. Mr 
 Wiseman asked him to sit down, and then, set- 
 tlmg his spectacles on his nose so as to o-et a 
 comfortable look at him, begged him to state his 
 business. 
 
 3. "Upon my word, Mr. Lawyer," said the 
 farmer, uneasily twisting his hat in his hand, "I 
 can't say that 1 have any particular business with 
 
 'I 
 
 1 1 
 
 .1 5J 
 
 I'M 
 
00 
 
 THIRD RICADEli. 
 
 yon ; but as I hiipj)onocl to hv in town to-day, I 
 tliou^^^lit I should be losiu<r an oi)p()rtunity if Idid 
 not «iret an opiitioi) from you." 
 
 " 1 am much oblio-od hy your oontid-nce in me," 
 replied the lawyer. "You have, I suppose, some 
 law-suit goiuff on ? " 
 
 " A law-suit? " said the fjirmer ; " I should rather 
 think not ! There is nothino- I hate so much, and 
 I have never had a quarrel with an\ one in mv 
 life." " ^ 
 
 4. "Then, I suppose, you want some family 
 property fairly and justly divided?" 
 
 "I beg your pardon, sir; my family lives Avith 
 me in peace, and we have no need to think of 
 dividing our property." 
 
 ' Perhaps, then, you want some agreement 
 drawn up al)out the sale or jnu-chase of some- 
 thing?" 
 
 "Not at all ! I am not rich enough to be pur- 
 chasing i)r()])erty, and not poor enough lo wish to 
 sell any." 
 
 5. " Then what on earth do you want me to do, 
 my friend?" said the astonished lawyer. 
 
 "Well, Air. Wiseman, I thought I had already 
 told you that," replied Bernai-d, Avith a sheepish 
 laugh; "Avhat I Avant is an opiiiion — I am ready 
 to i)ay for it. You see, here I am in toAvn, and it 
 would be a great pity if T Avere to lose the ov)))or- 
 tunity." 
 
 6. The laAvyer looked at him and smiled ; then 
 taking n\) his pen, he asked the fanner Avhat Isis 
 
PROCIiA S TIN A TION. 
 
 61 
 
 name was. " Peter Bernard," said he, quite 
 pleased that the lawyer at lust understood what 
 he wanted. 
 
 "Your ago?" 
 
 "Forty years, or somewhere about that." 
 
 " Your {)r()tession ? " 
 
 "My profession ! Ah, yes ! you mean what do 
 I do? I am a .rmer." 
 
 7. The lawyer, still smiling, wrote two lines on 
 a piece of pa|)or, folded it up, and gave it to his 
 strange client. 
 
 "Is that all," cried Bernard; "well, well! so 
 much the better. I daresay you are too busy to 
 write much. Noav, how much does that cost, Mr. 
 liawyer ? " 
 
 "Half-a-crown." 
 
 8. Bernard paid the money, well-contented, gave 
 a bow and a scrape, and went away delighted that 
 he had got his opinion. When he reached home 
 it was four in the afternoon ; he was tired with his 
 journey, and he resolved to have a good rest. It 
 happened, however, that his hay had been cut for 
 some days, and was now completely dry ; and one 
 of his men came to ask if it should be carried in 
 and housed that niirht. 
 
 9. "This night!" said the farmer's wife, "who 
 ever heard of such a thing? Your master is tired, 
 and the hay can just as well l)e got in to-morrow." 
 The man said it was no business of his, but the 
 weather might change, and the horses and carts 
 were ready, and the laborers had nothing to do. 
 
 Am 
 
 ,!.**« 
 
62 
 
 THllW HEADER. 
 
 10. To this the anj^ny wife replied that tho wind 
 was in a favorable quarter, and that they could 
 not anyway got tho work done boforo niirjitfall. 
 
 Bernard, having listened to both sides of the 
 question, didn't know how to decide, when all of 
 a sudden ho remembered the paper the lawyer 
 had given him. ii. " Stop a minute ! " cried he ; 
 "I have got an opinion— a famous opinion — an 
 opinion that cost me half-a-crown. That's the 
 thing to put us straight. You are a grand scholar, 
 my dear ; toll us what it says." His wife took the 
 paper, and, with some little difficulty, read out 
 these two lines : 
 
 "Peter. Bernard, never put off till to- 
 morrow what rou CAN DO TO-DAY." 
 
PIUHHIASTINATION. 
 
 68 
 
 ^^ "There's the very thin;;!" ciicd the {'imwy. 
 "Quick! (.ut Willi \\w. mrn mikI the carts, and 
 we'll have I lie hay in at once." 
 
 12. His wife still ^nnnhled, l»ut it was of no use ; 
 Benianl was obstinate. lie declared that lie was 
 not «r()in<j: to i)ay half-a-crown for ii()thin<r, j,nd that, 
 as h(« had^rot an opinh'^ <Voni In's lawyer, ho would 
 follow it whatever lK|>p(va,.>, In fact, he set the 
 example himself, an 1 1. -.ring . \s men to the <rivutest 
 expedition, he did m, . turn '. j his homo till uU tho 
 hay was safely housed. 
 
 13. Whatever doubts his wife might have enter- 
 tained as to his wis<lom, Avere fully put ut rest bv 
 the result ; for the woathor changed suddenly dur- 
 ing the night ; an unexpected storm burst over the 
 valley; and Avhen she woke in the moi-ning she 
 saw running through the meadows u brown'^ and 
 turbid flood, carrying in its current tho newlv-cut 
 hay of her neighbors. All tho farmers close by 
 lost their hay, and Bernard alone had saved his. 
 14- Having experienced the benefits which followed 
 obedience to the advice of the lawyer, Bernard 
 from that day forward never failed to reirulate 
 his conduct by the same rule, and in course of time 
 he became one of the richest farmers of the dis- 
 trict. Nor did he forget the service which Mr. 
 Wiseman had rendered him, for he sent him every 
 year a present of two fat fowls, in remembrance of 
 his valuable advice ; and, Avhenever he had occa- 
 sion to speak to his neighbors about lauvf^rs he 
 always said that " after'the ten conunandments^ 
 
 'W I 
 
 If J 
 
64 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 tlici'c was nothing that should lie more striotlj fol- 
 lowed than tho ophwm of a good lawyer." 
 
 Explanations. -1. An "opinion" usually means merely 
 wliat a person tliiuKs about a particular subjc-ct; but the 
 "opinion ".of a lawyer is his statement, generally in writinc 
 of what he thinks of the justice of some particular case which 
 IS to be tried by a judge. 2. " The wind was in a favorable 
 quarter" — When the wind blows from some particular quarter 
 cf the compass it is generally dry, while other winds bring rain 
 with them. The farmer's wife meant that the wind was not 
 blowing from the quarter whence rain usually came, and that 
 therefore, it was likely to keep fine and dry tliroiigh the night.' 
 3. A half-a-crown is a liritish coin worth about sixty cents. ° 
 
 Questions. -1. What did Eornard wish to get from the 
 lawyer? 2. How did tlie lawyer give him his opinion'* ;} 
 What did one of his men ask him when he returned to his 
 farm? 4. Wliat was the opinion of his wife? ",. What did 
 liernard suddenly remember when he found it dillieult to de- 
 ?" w'. f' r y\'f "^'"^ ''■"' ''""t'^i'n.d in the lawyer's .pinion ? 
 7. VVliat did Bernard do in consecpience ? 8. What happened 
 durmg the night? 9. What was the result to the neighboring 
 farmers ? 10. How did Bernard become rich ? 1 1. ]low did he 
 show his gratitude to the lawyer ? 
 
 ExKKoisEs. — 1. Learn to spell the following words : 
 
 I'articular Opportunity Favorable Current 
 
 Confidence 
 
 Lawyer 
 
 Address 
 Spectacles 
 Profession 
 Experienced 
 
 Astonished 
 Client 
 Weather 
 Urging 
 
 Difficulty 
 Expedition 
 Entertained 
 Kemcunbrance 
 
 Benefits 
 Valuable 
 Neighbors 
 Meadows 
 
 Conunandiuent Happened 
 
 and XT""^ ^^'^ "''""^' "'•^'''*'"'''''' '''"'^ ^^'■'^^ fi'om sections. 13 
 
 3. MaKe noans out of the following adjectives and verbs: 
 Good obedient, forget, husy, hear, speak, great, make, con- 
 Jlde, oblige, divide, think, know, please, content. 
 
 4. Make adjectives out of the following nouns and verbs • 
 ienejit, forget, value. adm.e, uhvy, /„;,, ^omfrrl, confKlence', 
 
 agree, smile, year, delight, change, favor, fame, storm. " 
 
THK GOAT. 
 
 65 
 
 THE GOAT. 
 
 ! '^^ 
 
 Assumes', puts on. 
 Vir'tue, good quulity. 
 
 Disadvan'tajfe, drawback. 
 Vent'ure, dure. 
 
 , 1. The cfout 
 is a neiir rel- 
 rS^^ alive of the 
 .siioei) ; hut he has 
 longer legs and a 
 much shorter tem- 
 '^'^"" •*' per. The male 
 
 goats have beards. Jf attacked by a goat 
 with his shari) I'ointed horns, the proper thiinr 
 
 i 
 
 n 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 l| 
 
 3 
 
 
 It- 
 
 
66 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 mi 
 
 mi 
 M 
 
 to do is to seize him by the bciird, when he ])c- 
 comesnt once as tumo ns m lani)), assumes a down- 
 cast air, and l)leats in a very pitiful tone, as if he 
 were asking for mercy. 2. Goats are not kei)t in 
 great numbers in America, and tlie few that are 
 kept are valued chiefly for their milk, whicli pos- 
 sesses qualities that make it useful for certain 
 classes of invalids. 3. Very excellent cloth can be 
 made from their hair, and it is from the hair of 
 these animals that are manufactured those wonder- 
 ful Cashmere shawls which are made in India and 
 are sent to all parts of the world. One of these 
 shawls sometimes c^osts as much as twelve or fifteen 
 hundred dollars. The skin of the goat also makes 
 capital leather, Avhen tanned, and the celebrated 
 morocco leather is made from goat-skin. 4. What 
 has been said pretty nearly finishes the list of the 
 services which the goat renders to man. It should 
 be added, however, that the goat has the virtue of 
 being anything but greedy in its habits. In fact, 
 it is content with so little food that it has been 
 called " the poor man's cow ; " and it is a pity 
 that it is not more commonly kept, since the 
 milk, though rather peculiar in taste, is very 
 nourishinof. 
 
 5. In its disposition the goat is much brisker and 
 moi c lively than the sheep, and we may fairly say 
 that It IS also more clever ; but then it has the dis- 
 advantage of i)osses8ing a decidedly uncertain tem- 
 per. A tame e-Oat Avill (rnr\nvn\Ur KpU..v" »— 11 f~ 
 
 any one whom it knows, but it is very likely to give a 
 
THE GOAT. 
 
 67 
 
 (\V^ with its sharp horns to any stranger who may 
 ycnturo within roach, o. Cioats, Avii'on wild, live 
 in small flocks, and dcligiit in hioji juid rocky 
 situations. They arc splendid clinil)ers, and dani- 
 l)er ahout with the utmost ease — with sure foot 
 and steady eye — amon^ifst steep and rugf^cd clilEs, 
 on Avhieh one would think that no animal wHhout . 
 wings would venture to set foot. 
 
 7. A goat is generally quite at home in a stable, 
 and a very tirni friendship often arises betAveen it 
 and one of tiio hoi-ses. The goat is also Hl)le to 
 foretell bad weather, and always contrives to place 
 itself under shelter l)efore the arrival of a storm. 
 
 The chamois and the ibex — which is also called 
 the steinbock (or stone-buck) —are also goats; 
 and tliey are still found wild in the Alps. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 1. The goat is a near relative of tho sheep, which it 
 resembles in almost all respects. The male goats, however, 
 and sometimes the females also, have a tnft of long hair under 
 the chin, forming a beard. Both the males and females have a 
 pair of horns on their head, and tJ^e horns are generally bent 
 backwards. 2. The goat is a capital climber, and lives natural- 
 ly in rocky and mountainous districts. It is not much vahied 
 * In this country except for its milk ; but there are many coun- 
 tries in which it is kept for the sake of its flesh and for its hair. 
 3. The hair can be woven into excellent cloth, and it is from 
 the hair of a goat that the famous and vahiable Cashmere 
 shawls are made. Several wild goats are known in diffei-ent 
 parts of the world, and our dbmestic goat is believed to be 
 descended from the wild goat of Persia. 
 
 QuE.STioNs. — 1. Of what other animal is tne goat a near rel- 
 ative ? 2. If a goat attacks yon, what onglit you to do ? 3. In 
 what ways are goats useful in other countries? 4. What Is 
 
 
 1 
 
 i i 
 
 HE !** 
 
08 
 
 TIIIUD READER. 
 
 made from the hair? 5. What does a Cashmere shawl co^t ? 
 0. What is made of the skin of the goatV 7. Wliat kind of 
 leather ? 8. What is the goat called, from the little food it 
 eats ? 9. Where does the goat like to live when wild ? 10 
 What can the goat foretell ? 1 1. What two foreign animals arc 
 also goats ? 
 
 Dictation. — 1. Learn to write out: 
 It is from the hair of a goat that are manvfactnred 
 those wonderful Cashmere shawls xchich are made 
 in India. 
 
 EXKRCISES. 
 
 Relative 
 Attacked 
 Company 
 Excellent 
 
 ■ Learn to spell the following words: 
 Morocco Dispo.sition Foretell 
 
 Leather Decidedly Contrive 
 
 ComiiKmly Animal Arrival 
 
 Peculiar Friendship Chamois 
 
 2. Point 'out all the nouns, adjectives, and verhs in sections 
 
 7 and 8, 
 
 3. iMake adjectives out of the following nouns: licrml, horn, 
 n»e, milk; Imir, servk-e, temper, rock, home, frieml, habit, fire, 
 storm. 
 
 4. Make nouns out of the following a: .rtives and verbs: 
 Near, lomj, .short, tame, keep, make, f,rccih .vck, elever, hiqh, 
 utranue, arrive, climb, firm, contrive. 
 
 5. Explain the following phrases: (1) The goat assumes a 
 downcast air. (2) The goat has the virtue of being anything but 
 greedy in its habits. (3) It will butt any stranger who may 
 venture within reach. (4) It contrives to place itself under 
 shelter before the arrival of a storm. 
 

 TAKING OF UNHTIiaoW CASTLE. (]<) 
 
 •^M 
 
 THE TAKING OF LINLITHGOW CASTLE. 
 
 Wit, ingenuity, cleverness. 
 Qar'rison, tlie body of soldiers in 
 
 chai-Ke of ii castle. 
 Strong'hold, fortress or custle. 
 
 Lights upon, falls upon. 
 Risk, dani,'er. 
 En'terprise, inideri.iking. 
 Estate', a piece of land. 
 
 1. In the Yvin-n of Kduard tlie Finst, Avhon the 
 Scotch people lought .so hmvely to drive the Enir- 
 lish out of 8cotland, iiuiiiy castles were taken 0:1 
 both .sides by ready Avit and courage. LinUthirow,! 
 u stronir castle, with an Fnolish .o(,vern(M- juid a 
 very powerful garrison, was takJn in this way. 
 
 
 I 
 

 
 ?0 
 
 7'/y/7;/> liEADEli. 
 
 ■> is 
 
 •--. ThiTi^ livod at no <r,-(>j,t (listanco from ijiis stroinv- 
 liohl II lUrmcr, a hold and .stoi.l man, v/hosti nanio 
 was Hinnock This ninn saw with i^p at joy the 
 progress whi( li the ScoIj were making in recover- 
 ing their count iv from liv English, and made up 
 his mind to do something to lirip hi-, countryisioii 
 hy getting po88e,s,-"on, if it wtre }:ossi<)lfl, of the 
 i)mt\ii oi Linlithgow. 3. Rut the place was very 
 sirong, and stood hy the side of a hdw ; it was 
 dfd'cj d<'d not only hy gates, which were usually 
 kejrt, jsinit against strangers, hut also by a port- 
 eiJas A portcullis is a sort of a loor formed of 
 oi'.sshai's of iron like a grate. I< has no liinges 
 like a door, but is drawn up by pidleys, and%t 
 down when any danger approaches. It may be let 
 go in a moment, and then falls down into the door- 
 way ; and as it has great iron spikes at the bottom, 
 it crushes all that it lights upon ; thus in case of a 
 .sudden alarm, a portcullis may be quickly let fall 
 to defend the entrance, when it is not possil)le to 
 shut the gates. 4. Binnock knew this very well, 
 but lie resolved to be provided against this risk 
 also, when lio attempted to surprise the castle. 
 
 So he Hi)()ko with some bold courageous country- 
 men, and engaged them in his enterprise, Avhich he 
 accomplished thus : 
 
 0. Biimock had been used to supply the soldiers 
 in the castle Avitli hay, and he had been ordered by 
 the English governor to furnish some cart-loads of 
 which they were in want. He pron^isd to bring 
 it accordingly ; but the night before irovo the 
 
TAKING OF UNTATIIOOW CASTLE. 7] 
 
 h».y to the cattle, Ik- placed a party of his frionds, 
 as well aniKul as possible, near tli(i cntraiu-e, wIku'c 
 tliey could not bo seen by (lie garrison, and gave 
 thoni directions <liat they should come to^ liis 
 nssistanco as soon as they should hear his signal, 
 Avhich was to bc^— "(^-dl all, call all !" Then ho 
 loaded a great Avagon with hay. c Bnt in the 
 wagon ho ])laced (^ight strong men, well armed, 
 lying flat on their breasts, and covered over vvitb 
 hay, so tliat tliey could not be seen. He him- 
 self walked carelessly beside the Avagon ; and he 
 ehose the stoutest and bravest of his servants to 
 be the driver, who carried at his Ix^lt a strong axe 
 or hatchet. 7. In this way P>innock went u{) to 
 the castle early in the morning ; and the watchman 
 who saw only two men — Binnock being one of 
 them — with a cart of hay which they expected, 
 opened the gates, and raised up the i)ortcullis to 
 permit them to enter the castle. But as soon as 
 the cart had got under the gateway, Binnock made 
 a sign to his servant, who with his axe suddenly 
 cut in two the yoke which fastened the horses to 
 the cart, and the horses finding themselves free, 
 started forward, the cart remaining behind under 
 the arch of the gate. 8. At the same moment, 
 Binnock cried as loud as he could : "Call all, call 
 all ! " and drawing his sword which he had under 
 his cloak, he killed the gatekeeper. The armed 
 men then jumped up from under the hay where 
 they lay hid, and rushed upon the English guard. 
 The Englishnjen tried to shut the gates, but they 
 
 til 
 m 
 
 k \ 
 
72 
 
 Till HI) liKADKlt 
 
 could not, booausothc ciirt of hiiy rciiifiincd in the 
 gateway, and prmcinted the folding doors from 
 being closed. The p(n-tcnllis was also let fall, hut 
 the grating caught on :he rart, and so could not 
 drop to the ground. «. The men who were lying 
 hid near rhe gate, hearing the signal which Binnock 
 had [)romised to give then.i when ready for them, 
 mn to assist those who had leaped out fron'i 
 amongst the hay: tlu; castle was taken and all 
 tlu! Englishmen killed or made prisoners. Kinir 
 liohert Bruce rewarded Binnock hy giving him an 
 e.4ate, on which his cjiildren and children's^hildren 
 lived for a very long time after. 
 
 Ad<(])t('(lfroin Sir W. Scott. 
 
 Explanation. - 1. " r.inlithgow "- A town about seventeen 
 miles to tlie west of Edinburgh. 
 
 QuESTroNs. _ 1. In the reign of which king of England was 
 Linlithgow Castle taken from the English 5> 2. What was the 
 name of the farmer who lived near the castle? 3. Wliat was 
 the position of Linlithgow Castle, and how was it defended " 4 
 VVhat is a portcullis ? 5. What had Binnock been used to sup- 
 ply to the soldiers of the castle? (i. What was h ordered to 
 bring to the castle on this particular occasion ? 7. Where did 
 he station a party of his friends ? 8. What was his signal to 
 them to be? 0. What did he conceal in the wagon of hay? 
 10. Who was the driver of the wagon? IL Why did the 
 watchman let them into the castle ? 12. What did Binnock do 
 as soon as the cart was under the gateway ? 13. What did the 
 horses .lo ? 14. AVhat happened to the gatekeeper ? 15. Why 
 oould the Englishmen not shut the gates? 1(5. AVliy could tlie 
 portcullis not drop to the groun.l ? 17. What did the men who 
 were hiihlen near the castle do? 18. How did King Jtobert 
 Jiruce reward Binnock ? 
 
 ,{; i 
 
A DRAWING LESSON. 
 
 73 
 
 ExEiiciHES. — I. Learn to spoil the following words: 
 Kcigu Portcullis Acc-oiiiplished Fiistenod 
 
 Garrison Pulleys Assistance Roniaining 
 
 Possession Couragootis Carelessly Leaped 
 
 Usually Ent.'rprise Hatchet Prisoners 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in sections F 
 and U. 
 
 ;i. Make adjectives out of the following nouns: WU, vouraye 
 joy, l>ro<ircxH, help, ularm, fnirprisr, nu-r, fold, immiine. 
 
 4. Make noujis out of tlie following adjectives and verbs' 
 lirme, driw, Hlronfj, dMunt, possess, po-ssihlc, quick, arnC 
 cover, permit, enter, try, remain, s^ujn, prevent. 
 
 5. Plxplain the following phrases: (1) This man saw with 
 great joy the progress whi-jh the .Scots were making in recover- 
 ing their count, y from the English. (2) Tiu; portcullis is 1, t 
 down when any danger approaches. (;J) He gave them direction.' 
 that they should conie to his assistance. (4) King Koberl 
 Bruce rewarded Binnock by giving him an estate. 
 
 A DRAWING LESSON. 
 
 1. One dark clay in school cveiyhody wa.s tired 
 and restless. Our teacher had worked very hard 
 to keep us at work and gi good spirits, but about 
 three o'clock in the afternoon she began to feel as 
 though she could not hold out till the close of the 
 day. 
 
 2. She was teaching a class in Grammar, and 
 even May Bolton was making mistakes in her 
 parsing. Finally the teacher said, "You may 
 take your Kcuts," before the lesson was half fin- 
 ished. Mlien we were seated she said to the 
 
 i 
 
 t 
 
 ' 'J 
 
 
 
 % 
 
74 
 
 Tiiinn ni':.\i)h:it. 
 
 If 
 
 
 whole '^-liool, "Scholiii-s, I atii tired, nnd you sill 
 look 80 too. Lot U.S .sin;j:)in excivisc song," a. Wo 
 Mere ull glad, und altliough we were u little 
 lazy tit first we soon became; lively, and in a few 
 minutes were l)rir' ■ : i.ippy, notwithstanding 
 the dark clouds outside. i. Ou- teacher was 
 pleased with our cliaugcd appearance, and she 
 said, "How many of you would like to have a les- 
 son on drawing this afternoon ?" Every one raised 
 his hand in an instant, because we were (U-iiglited 
 to hav(> a change. 5. " \^ery Avell," she "said, 
 "take your slates and make me a square like lliis," 
 and she made one on the blackboard. Then she 
 drew light lines froiP the centre of each side right 
 aeross the centr. of tlie stjuare, and four otb light 
 lines half wtiy between these lines and the sides of 
 the square. «. She called the th-st two liglit lines 
 the diameters of the scjuare. She allowed us to 
 use our rulers in making the s(iuare, and told us 
 
 to do all the lest with our j en- 
 cils alonQ« 
 
 :. She asked us to count the 
 huinber of little squares, and 
 we found Ave had sixteen, just 
 as you see in this picture. 
 
 a. Then she made dots at the 
 centre o<' the central squares on 
 each side, and join* d th; se dots with the centre by 
 curved lines. 81. Hvavs drew the left-hand curve 
 first, so that she oul see it Avhile drawing the 
 other curve, and ic avoid rubbing it. We all did 
 
DRAWING LEHNON. 
 
 75 
 
 the same, and wc found we had a pattorn like 
 iliis : — 
 
 0. Sho asked us to notice tliat 
 the parts opposite to each other 
 were exactly alike, and told us 
 that t?iis was always so in pat- 
 tern drawinir. She told us to 
 examine the patterns in our 
 carpets and oil-clotli it home, 
 or on our wall paper and lace 
 curtains, and tell her next day if they did not har- 
 monize in the opposite parts. We found that she 
 was ri":ht. 
 
 10. Next she marked the cen- 
 tres of the inside lines of tin" 
 corner s(juares, and joined them 
 by curved lines with the ends of 
 
 the lines last drawn, and with 
 
 tl" corners of the larsfo square. ^ 
 did so too, and our patterns f 
 
 theu looked like this : 
 
 n. {She then connected the ends of the diameters 
 
 by (luadrants, and we followed 
 
 her example, changinjr our pat- 
 terns thus : 
 
 12. She then showed us that 
 
 the pattern consisted of four 
 
 parts, iuid asked us if we 
 
 thouo-ht it needed anythin<r to 
 
 complete it. One of tlie 
 
 mj^i 
 
 fr\<.-]-j, 
 
 e- ■ ■ - 
 
 \' y 
 
 said she thought there ought to be something to 
 
 f 
 
 |[ 
 
r 
 
 7(; 
 
 Tin It I) UKADHIi. 
 
 |# 
 
 hold the four piirts tonfothcr at the rnitro. The 
 toiu'hor ,ai(l slic was ri<>I,(, mid ,|f,.u n iittl(> circle 
 ciittiiin: flic centre of the sides of the minT s(|uares. 
 This «ravo our patterns a new appearance. 
 n ^u^ \ i /X'^^i "'■ ''^'"' "•'^'^*'<' "^ "^'»hi to h)ok 
 V V X J '■'"■*''"">' "• '""■ •^li't*''^. »lid tell 
 
 pictures we had uiiide. Ditler- 
 eut suii-p'stious were <;iven, on 
 which the teacher couunented 
 without ad()ptin«i' lla-ni, until 
 )Villiani K'ohins said he th()u;L,dit 
 " it was too crowded in the centre." 
 
 14. The teacher airreed with 
 hmi, and erased lines so as to 
 leave the jjattern like this: 
 
 15. We were all vei'v nni< h 
 pleased with our lesson, and 
 asked our teacher to <jive us one S^ 
 every day. She told us she y 
 would try to do so, and ex- "^ 
 plained that Ave nn"«>ht use any luunber of squares 
 in making our patterns, and that if we made any 
 form in one corner, and repeated it in the corres- 
 ponding parts of the large square we would have 
 a pattern. 
 
 tt ' 
 
MUIUSINU AFTKli UAIN. 
 
 77 
 
 
 I i 
 
 "Uiir Liuli; UiKi." 
 
 MORNING AFTER RAIN. 
 
 [This is a description of a brif^ht mornin-r i„ ,l,c Lake Country, in 
 Cutnbcrlaad and Westmoreland, Enyland.] 
 
 1. There was a roaring in the wind all night -^ 
 The rain came heavily and fell in Hoods ; 
 But now the sun is rising- calm and bright — 
 The birds are singing in the distant woods ; 
 Over his own sweet voice the stock-dove broods ; 
 1 he jay makes answer as the magpie chatters ; 
 And all the air is lillcd with pleasant noise of 
 
 v/ato 
 
 ■i&« 
 

 78 
 
 Till HI) HEADER. 
 
 2. All things tlijit lovo tlio sun arc out of doors ; 
 The sky rojoicos in (ho morning's birth ; 
 The grass is ))right with rain-drops; on the 
 
 moors 
 The liare is running races in her mirth, 
 And with her feet she from the plashy earth 
 l^iiscs n mist tliat, glittering in the suij, 
 
 Kuns with her all the way, wherever she doth 
 run. ,„ , 
 
 M or amour th. 
 
 FIDELITY. 
 
 Mu'tiny, an uprising or insurreo- 
 
 tloii ngaiiist II goverimmiit or 
 
 ruler. 
 Rea'idents, poopie who reside or 
 
 live ill ii pl.ict', 
 Suppres'sion, putting down. 
 Sub'urbs, places outside but near 
 
 a town. 
 Rejoin', come to him again. 
 
 Absorbed', mucli tal<pn up with 
 (literally, suclud in). 
 
 I'tems, pieces, details, or partic- 
 ulars. 
 
 Discuss'insr, taliiing about things 
 
 Rep'etition, saying over and over 
 UKaiii. 
 
 Tena'oious, sticking to a thing. 
 
 1- Sir Henry Haveloek was one of the bravest 
 soldiers and ablest generals that Engl.md ha^ 
 l)roduced. He did splendid work during the 
 mutiny in India in 1857, and was one of the 
 generals who, ])y rapid marches, came to the relief 
 of the small body of British troops that, with 
 women and children, and other residents, were 
 shut up in Lucknow, and exposed to a hail of shot 
 and shells, which ceased neither day nor ni<dit. 
 
 2. In the year 1849 he was allowed leave of 
 absence, for the sake of his health, and returned 
 tc England for a short time. He took a house in 
 
FIDELITY. 
 
 Olio of Iho .siilmrLs of Londoji. ( 
 brciikfiist ho sot out for Ww c 
 business, lakinjj: wi<li hini Ins son 
 
 !ll)OUt 
 
 ohivoii yoars of \\<rv ; and 
 
 might occupy ji good deal of f 
 was to return late in the ov(Mii 
 ore soon in the heart of the lm 
 
 
 
 
 7i» 
 
 )no 
 
 morning afh^r 
 
 n, a 
 
 on important 
 little l)oy of 
 
 I as 
 
 his l)usinoss f 
 
 me, 
 
 n<r 
 
 his intention 
 
 vo 
 
 v^ 
 
 tli(! liundrods of tl 
 
 eat city, amom 
 
 al 
 
 lousands mIio ev(^ry hour stream 
 long its streets. Suddi^nly, when a't the nortli or 
 eity (!nd of London lhidg(N u thought struck the 
 fiitlier, and ho iTMjuosted his son to remain where 
 ho Avas until he should rejoin liim — whi<!li he 
 promised to do in a very short time. a. Sir Henry 
 wjis quickly absorluul in the transaction of th(! 
 different items of businc^ss which had drawn liini to 
 the city. Ho wcnit from street to street, and from 
 office to office, making arrangements and discussing 
 details with different persons ; and his whole mind 
 was lilhid with wliat he had to do. The press of 
 W(n-k and discussion (>ntirely drove his promise to 
 his son out of his mind. He finishinl his business, 
 and made his way homo to his house in the distant 
 sulmrb. 
 
 5. It was late in the evening when he got homo ; 
 and one of the first (luostions ])ut to hini on enter- 
 ing was : " liut Avhero is Homy ? " 
 
 " Dear me ! " \w. cried, "I've (piito forgotten him ; 
 he must be at London Bridge still ; 1 must go and 
 fetch him at onco." 
 
 " O do sit df^wu and have sonicthing to eat," rfuid 
 his wife. 
 
 11 
 
80 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 " Certainly not ; I must not leuvo him there a 
 nn'nuto lonucr than I can help." He Imrried olf 
 and made his way as speedily as he couhl l)y the 
 same route ^vliicli he had taken in the mornino-. 
 He reached the bridge at midnight. 
 
 c. There, on the ^ery spot he liad left liini twelve 
 hours before, he found his faithful son pacini? 
 v-]uietly up and down till his father should come to 
 rejoin him. Hour after hour had passed away, 
 each hour becoming longer, more v»eary, and more 
 leaden-footed than the last, liut the 1)oy stuck to 
 his post. Day declined to evening, and eveninir 
 passed into night, v. The city church-clocks tolled 
 with heart- Wivir^ing repetition tlie hours as they 
 passed by ; but the );oy did not think of moving 
 Light came out after ligiit • and the long linens of 
 lanjps streamed tlieir broken reflections on the cold 
 flowing river. But the boy (|ui(^tly i)aced u[) and 
 down, and stuck to his post. Tens of thousands 
 of human faces swept past him ; and he looked in 
 vain for the face of his father among them. He 
 began to feel cold and lumgry — he was only 
 eleven — and (|uite tired out ; but he knew that his 
 father would come, because^ he had made a pronn'se. 
 8. Well, the boy Avas very glad Avhen it was 
 over ; and tJu," father was \ery glad to find his son 
 at his post, and ver}- sorry to think that he had 
 forgotten his promise to him for so long. Many 
 years after, in India, the son proved himself on 
 several ' attle-fields to be ..s brave and tenacious 
 'Uid "loncabh; a^ a soldier as he had been when a 
 
 
DUCKS AND HENS. 
 
 81 
 
 boy ; anU ho now wears the high distinction of the 
 " Victoria Cress for valor in the face of the enemy." 
 
 FEEDING THE HOULTKY, 
 
 DUCKS AND HENS 
 
 Concern', care and aiixicty. 
 Down, the soft liHir uiiiler the 
 
 f(!iitliei-s of fowls. 
 Marsh'y, wet or l)oKKy. 
 
 Plum' age, feathers. 
 Tremen'dous terrible. 
 Is fainil'iar with, knowa well. 
 Gigan'tic, of hu^u size. 
 
 1. Ducks and hens are found together in every 
 funn-yjird, living in perfect peuc^e with one unotlier. 
 Nothing, however, could he more unlike than the 
 
82 
 
 THIRD RhADEll. 
 
 hiibits and mode of life of these useful and valuable 
 birds. The ducks arc reij^ular water-birds, IxMUir 
 capital swiniuiers and divers ; whereas hens live 
 upon the land, an<l Avill not put a foot into the 
 water if they can help it. 2. Sometimes the 
 farmer's wife puts the e<i'<is of a duck under a hen, 
 and the poor bird never knows the ditference at the 
 time, ^^'llen the little yellow ducklinirs come 
 forth out of the eg<^s, they (am riin about at once, 
 and they soon take to the water and paddle about 
 in it as if they were quite at home. 3. 'J'he anxious 
 hen never seems to think that she is not the true 
 mother of the little ducklings, and she can only 
 watch their goings on with the utmost concern ano 
 distress. It is of no use, however, for her to run 
 up and down on the bank of the pond, calling 
 upon her brood to return to dry land. They are 
 quite lui])py and comfortable in the water, and 
 they pay no attention to hyr at all. 4. If we look 
 at a duck we can see why it can swim arid dive so 
 well. Its toes are all joined together by the skin, 
 so that its foot can be used to strike the water, 
 just like the broad blade of an oar. The bird can 
 use its feet the better for this i)uri)ose, because its 
 legs are placed far back on its body, giving them 
 great power as paddles. For the same reason, the 
 duck walks upon the dry ground in an awkward 
 and clumsy way, whilst its movements in thi' water 
 are very free and gracefid. 5. One would thiidt 
 that the ducks v.ould get quite cold wi(h !»oiiig in 
 the Avater so nmch, and that theii feathers would 
 
 ^i 
 
, being 
 live 
 
 DUCKS AND HENS. 
 
 So 
 
 get wet; hut this is not the case at all. The 
 foathci'H arc always dry, because the l)ird keeps 
 them well oiled, so that the water just runs oft* 
 them ; and it is always warm, becaase it has a very 
 thick coat of feaihers and soft down, which pre- 
 vents the water rea<'hing its skin, whilst its legs 
 are covered Avith horny plates, o. Ducks feed 
 
 WILI>DUCK on MALLAKI), MALU AXI) FKMALI;. 
 
 upon small insects, worms, and any kind of scrai)s 
 Avhich they find in the mud at the bottom of the 
 water. They are not particular as to their food, 
 but swallow almost everything that comes in their 
 way. When they are looking for food, they turn 
 heols-over-head in the water, with their tails'above 
 the surface and all the rest of th(>ir body hohnv. 
 They then grope a])out in the mud w iih their broad 
 8oft bills to secure their iooi]. 7. In fact they feel 
 with their bills what is in (he mud, just as* wo 
 
 
84 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 Hho.ild (1,1 if wo Avere to use our fingers. If we 
 watch a (luck feeding in a roadside gutter, we shall 
 HGo It taking in a quantity of dirty water Avith its 
 l>'ll, and H(juirting it out again by the sides. In 
 t lis there is a heautifid adaptation to the Avants of 
 tho h-M. The inside of the bill is lined on each 
 Bide w;th fine plates, placed closely together, 
 whieh act as a sieve l)y retaining the food and al- 
 l«mnig th(^ water and useless matter to escape. 
 I his iH j)recisely the way too in which the whale 
 lecd.s. H The parent of our tame ducks is the 
 c-oninion wild.du(;k ,or Mallard, a very l,eautiful 
 I>"-<1 <oiuid ni marshy districts and by the sea- 
 shore m many parts of our country. 'The male 
 ducks nvv. called the drakes, and havo beautifully 
 colored feathers. There are many difierent sorts 
 of tani(! ducks, and they are very useful to us, 
 both for their (^ggs and for their flesh. 
 
 »■ Tiiere are very many things m which hens are 
 very difierent from ducks. Their feet are not 
 ' webl)(.,r'_that is to say, the toes are not joined 
 by file skm ; and this shows that the hen "is not 
 intended to live in the Avater. On the other hand. 
 Its legs are set more in the middle of its body in 
 the hen than in the duck, s:) that it is a irood 
 Avalker. The toes have strong ])lunt nails, with 
 Mdiich the hen scratches up the ground, and turns 
 ui) i\w. grains of c(„-n and seeds which lie buried 
 HI file earth, and u|)on which it fe(>ds. m. The 
 eoek has a great red "wattle" on iiis head his 
 ')hnnage is very beautiful, and his legs are armed 
 
J (ill 
 
 DUCKS AND JJENS. 
 
 85 
 
 with pointed i)iocos of bono, which are called 
 "spurs," and witli Avhich he can %ht his enemies. 
 Cocks have tremendous battles, and they can kill 
 each other b^- a well-aimed bh.w with their sharp 
 spurs. 
 
 11. Ducks " quack," hens " cackle," and the cock 
 "crows," and everybody is familiar with these 
 sounds Avho has ever l)cen inside a ffirm-yard. 
 There arc Acry n)any diftbrent kinds of hens, 
 from the ofiirantic; Cochin-China fowl to the little 
 quarrelsome bantam; but they are all useful to 
 U.S, both to cat and for their oirir.s. They seem to 
 be descended from a beautiful wild bird which is 
 called the "jungle-cock " and is found in Java. 
 
 SITMMAKY. 
 
 1. The duck belongs to tlie family of what are called the 
 •swiinuung birds." Its toes are " webbed," or united by the 
 skin, so as to form capital oars or paddles. It walks badly on 
 the land, but is a (irst-rate swinnner. Its bill is broad and soft, 
 an.l with this instrument it searches amongst the soft mud at 
 th.. bottom of ponds and streams, and in gutters, for worms 
 and other kinds of food. 2. The duck is like the hen in not 
 being a good flier, though wild-ducks can fly far and well It is 
 valued for its flesh and its eggs. There are many kinds of tame 
 ducks, but they are mostly descended from the common wild- 
 duck, or from the teal. The male duck is called the " drake " 
 3. The hen belongs to the family of what are called the 
 scratchmg birds." This family includes a great many other 
 birds, such as the peacock, lurki-y. Guinea-fowl, pheasant, par- 
 tridge, grouse, and doves; and this name is given to them be- 
 cause they have stnMig, bhmt <>laws on their toes, which they 
 use in scratching up the earth in search of the seeds on which 
 
 tlu'v l<'ed. 4. Tlic 1k.1i hi.-,. .11 uo ,,,..,, i-fi-„- . 
 
 ,. , ,, 'ii(,u it-tations, IS a grouna- 
 
 bird, seldom perching in trees, and rarely rising into the air. It 
 
 has a heavy body and short 
 
 nngs, so that it flies badly. .0. The 
 
8<) 
 
 THIRD lih'ADI'Jli. 
 
 hen is a most valuable bird, botli its cg^s and its Hesli affordiiifj! 
 an excollcnt food; wliilt; its f('atlu'rs an; vt-ry nsoful for stufting 
 piJlows. Tliore aro many liinds of domestic hons, but tliey seeni 
 to be all descended from the junyle-fowl of Java. 
 
 QdKSTioNs. — 1. What is the chief difference between ducks 
 and hens ? 2. Wliat happens sometimes to a mother hen ? 
 '.i. Why can a duclt swim so well ? 4. Where are its feet placed ? 
 '). Why does it not walk so well ? (i. Wliy does a duck not get 
 cold in the water '.» 7. What do ducks feed on ? 8. In what man- 
 ner do they obtain tluur food ? <J, What is the original parent 
 of our common Uiuw, duck '? 10. What kind of feet has the hen ? 
 
 11. Tell me what you know about the appearance of the cock. 
 
 12. What cries have these kinds of tame fowls? VS. Tell ma 
 the biggest kind of hen. 14. The smallest. 
 
 Dictation. — Learn to write out: 
 7Vie toes of a duck are all joined tof/ether by the 
 skin, so that its foot can be used to strike the water, 
 Just like the broad bUide of an oar. 
 
 ExERciSKS. — 1. L(!arn to spell the following words: 
 Valuable Comfoitable Hetaining Tremendous 
 Capital Awkward IJcautifully (iigantic 
 
 Difference Movenu 'its Webbed Quarrelsome 
 
 Anxious l'a;ticuiar Adaptatioa Descended 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in sections 
 12 and 1;{. 
 
 3. Turn the following nouns into adjectives : Peace, tine, 
 mine, water, home, inuther, distref^.s, ^Icin, hudy, yrucc, feather, 
 mnd, bone, 
 
 4. Make nouns out of the following adjectives and verbs : 
 Live, Kwlm. know, different, anxious, happy, atfenfice, pay, 
 strike, broad, free, rover, feel, n.s(fnl, bm-y, feed, brave, fly, 
 deep. 
 
 5. Explain the following phrases: (1) The hen watches their 
 goings-on with the utmost concern and distress. (2) The duck 
 walks upon the dry ground in an awkwanl and clumsy way. 
 ;;. C'ocks can kill eacli oiher by a well-aimed blow with their 
 shaiiJ spurs. 
 
m 
 
 BihDH IN 16UMMEU. 
 
 87 
 
 BIRDS IN SUMMER. 
 
 ■(if 
 
 Fl'tt'lnsr, iTiovtiiK raiiitlly. 
 
 Boon, kiiimI aixl iilcasant, 
 
 Trav'erse, cions up iunt down, or 
 travel tliront;!!. 
 
 Sway, iii(iv(i backwards iiiid for- 
 wards. 
 
 Jjist'eth, iiluiiBcs. 
 
 Crest'inK, flying about on tbo toji 
 or <-r('st of tbt! billows. 
 
 Shaft, arrow. 
 
 Bound'less, without beginning; or 
 iMiiling; without limits. 
 
 Wastes, wastt! places. 
 
 Be'f^ions, cuuntrius. 
 
 1. I low ploiisiint the life of a bird 
 
 must 1)(!, 
 Fllttinjj: about in cadi \v,n\'y troe ; 
 In Uic leafy trees, ao bro'id and 
 
 tall, 
 Like a green and beautiful pal- ^-^V; 
 
 ace-hall, '^^i| 
 
 With its airy chambers, light """ 
 
 and boon, n'%\i 
 
 That open to sun, and stars, ^• 
 
 and moon ! 
 That open unto the bright blui' ^^| 
 
 And the frolicsome winds as 
 they Avander by. 
 
88 
 
 Til I 111) IlKADKU. 
 
 11 
 
 It 
 
 Thoy havo left their nosts in the forest hough ; 
 Tho.se homes of deliiiht tht.v need not now; 
 And the yonn": jind the ohl they wander out, 
 And traverse their <irvvu woHd round about; 
 And hark ! at the top of this h-afy hall. 
 How one to the other they h)vin<ily eall ; 
 " Come up, eom(> up I " they seem to say, 
 "Where the topmost twiiis in the breezes 
 
 sway 
 
 ! " 
 
 o. "Come up, come up, for the worhl is fair, 
 Where the merry leaves dance in the sunnner 
 
 air. 
 And the birds l)elow <rive l)a('lc the cry : 
 " We come, we come, to the l)ranches hi<rh 1 " 
 )l->w pleasant the life of a bird must be, 
 Flittinof about in a leafy tree ; 
 Ami away through the air what joy to g:o, 
 . And to look on the bri<iht ifreen eai'th l)elow. 
 
 4. How pleasant the life of a bird nnist be, 
 Wherever it listeth, there to Hee ; 
 To o-o, Avhen a joyful fancy calls, 
 Dashing adown 'mong the waterfjdls. 
 Then Avlieeling about with its mates at play. 
 Above and l)elo\v, and among the spray, 
 Hither and thitli(>r, with screams as wild 
 As the laughing mirth of a rosy child ! 
 
 ". How pleasant the life of a biid nnist lus 
 Skimming about on the breezy sea, 
 Cresting the billows like silvery foam. 
 And llien wlunding away to its difl-built home ! 
 
 4 
 
Bill I) s IN t<irMMi<:n. 
 
 80 
 
 I " 
 
 WliJit joy it must be to sail, ui)1)orno 
 
 By M stroiiij: free wiiiii:, llii-<Mi,ij:li tlic rosy morn, 
 
 To m(^ct the Yoiin<r siii, face to t'aco, 
 
 And pierce like ii shat'l tlie ))oun<lless space ! 
 
 
 c. What Joy it must he, Hke a hvin<^ hrceze, 
 
 To flutter ahout 'nionij!: the floweriuir trees : 
 
 Li<>htly to soar, and to sec beneath 
 
 The wastes of the blossoming purple heath, 
 
 And (he yellow furze, like fields of gold, 
 
 That irladden some fairy regions old ! 
 
 On mountain tops, on the billowy sea 
 
 On the leafy stems of the forest tree, 
 
 How pleasant the life of a bird must l)e ! 
 
 Mu'.y Ilotoltt. 
 
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 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 QUKSTIONS. - ,. To what are the leafy trees said to be like? 
 ^. lo what arc the airy cliambers of this hall said to be open? 
 
 6. When the birds get to the top of their leafy hall, what do thev 
 say to each other ? 4. What do the birds below say in answer ? 
 o. W liat is said about the delights of the sea-bird ? (5. W^iere 
 do some sea-birds built their nests? 7. To whr.t is a sea-bird 
 eomparea when it Hies out to meet the rising sun ? 8. What 
 kind of sport has a bird among waterfalls? 0. What colors 
 does the bird see on the waste places of the country? Jo In 
 what different places lias the poet described the life of a bird? 
 
 ExKKciSKs.— 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Pleasant Frolicsome Wherevqr, Blossoming 
 Beantiful Bough Pierce ' Mountain 
 
 lalace Traverse Flowering Billowy 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in verse 4 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Tree, hall sun 
 loinds, birds, leaves, air. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns: liirds, toind, sun, 
 arrow, child, breeze. 
 
 5 Make adjectives out of the following nouns: Sun, top, 
 leaf breeze, bilUno, mirth, space, joij, beaut!/, air, frolic, 
 deiKjht, earth. 
 
 «. Make ncms out of the following adjectives: Youny, 
 pleasant, broad, free, bright, stron;,. merry, yreen. 
 
 7. Explain the following phrases: (1) They need not those 
 homes of delight. (2) What joy it is to pierce like a shaft the 
 boum.less space. (;{) A joyful fancy calls the birds to dash 
 ''own among the waterfalls. 
 
 'M^/lZ^i'' // 
 
THE HORSE. 
 
 9) 
 
 THE HORSE. 
 
 Domes'tio an'imala, homo ani- 
 iiml (as opposed to wild). 
 
 Prompt'itude, readiness or quick- 
 ness. 
 
 Pal'con, a kind of hawk. 
 
 Surpassed', beaten. 
 
 Endur'ance.iKJwerofholdingout. 
 Sagac'ity, ^ood sense. 
 Inaens'ible, witliout sense or con 
 
 Selousiifs,-. 
 Peroc'ity, fleroeness. 
 Resumed', begun again. 
 
 1. The horse is the nobk'st of all the sminiiils thui 
 man lias succcoded in ooinplotoly tninint»-. Uo. i« 
 the proudest, the most hi: 
 
 t-'ta 
 
 -r 
 
 f 
 
 s])n 
 
 the most, 
 
■^■' 
 
 * 
 
 J2 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 courageous of all our domestic animals ; and he is 
 at the same time one of the most intelligent and 
 obedient. The horse knows his own master and 
 loves him ; and, when he is treated with kindness, 
 he shows himself capable of the truest and greatest 
 affoction. 2. The horse seems to have been tamed 
 at a very early period, and no one knows with 
 ceitjiinty from what country he originally came. 
 Wild horses, as they are called, are found in 
 immense herds in both Asia and America; but 
 many people are of o[)inion that these are tame 
 horses that have run, Avild, for it is known that 
 Avhen the Spaniards first landed in America there 
 were no horses in that country ; and the Indians, 
 who had never seen any one on horseback before, 
 thought that the man and the horse belonged to 
 one another, and formed parts of some new, 
 strange, and unheard-of animal. 
 
 3. In Tartary, wild ' )rses are also found in 
 herds of many thoi' s in number, each herd 
 acting under the connnand of a single leader, and 
 carrying out his orders with the exactness and 
 promptitude of a regiment of soldiers. The 
 Tartars catch these wild horses with the help of 
 a falcon, who swoops down on the horse's head, 
 flutters his wings about his face, and so confuses 
 him that he is easily caught. 4. The Tartars not 
 only ride their horses, but they drink their milk 
 and eat their flesh, so that they serve them instead 
 of cattle. In our country, however, we use the 
 horse only as a beast of burden, either for riding or 
 
 
THE HORSE. 
 
 93 
 
 for drawino: carringes and wagons. The largest 
 horses that we have are the great dray-horses, and 
 the smallest are tlic little Shetland ponies, some of 
 which are no higger than a good-sized dog.- 5. The 
 English race-horses and the Aral) horses are famous 
 for their extraordinary speed. Some of the most 
 celebrated race-horses have been known to run a 
 mile in a minute — a rate faster than the ordinary 
 
 A KACK-HOR.SU. 
 
 rate of running of an express train, and not sur- 
 l)assed by the performance of any other animal 
 except the ostrich and some of the most powerful 
 birds of flight, c. The Arab horses also exhibit a 
 wonderful i)ower of endurance, and are petted and 
 cared for by their masters as if they belonged to 
 the family. Indeed, the Arab makes his horse his 
 true friend, in return for which the gallant steed 
 sliows the greatest n fleet ion, not only for the 
 owner, but for every member of his family. 
 
 ri 
 
 .i>^..- 
 
 
 I'f 
 
 1; 
 
94 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 7. The horse tiikos a lii<rli rank amon.irst the 
 domestic animals for its sagacity and intoliigence. 
 He understands M'hat his master says to him, 
 and what he is intended to do. Horses have a 
 capital memory, and will find their Avay home if 
 they have hut once passed over the same road, even 
 on the darkest ni<rht. They are also able to think 
 what oui^ht to })e done when somethino; unex- 
 pected hai)pens to them or to their riders. " s. For 
 itistance, a <rentleman had once been payinir a visit 
 to a friend, whose liouse lay in the centre of a lar«ro 
 forest. AViiile rctiirnino- homo, the night was very 
 diirk, and, as he ro(ie through the wood, he unfor- 
 tunately struck his head against the overhanging 
 branch of a tree, and was dashed out of the saddle 
 stunned and insensible. The horse finding that ho 
 could do no good by remaining with his prostrate 
 master, galloped off to the house which they had 
 left, and which was about a mile away. 9. He 
 found the door closed, and the lights out, as every- 
 body had gone to bed ; but by repeated blows of 
 his fore-feet upon the door he succeeded in rous- 
 ing the owner of the house, who, on opening the 
 door, was surprised to see only the horse of his 
 friend. He suspected that some serious accident 
 had occurred, and as the horse at once turned and 
 commenced to walk away from the house, he fol- 
 lowed him till the faithful animal led him to the 
 spot where his rider still lay motionless on the 
 ground. Ry this intellio'ence on the »>art of the 
 horse, \m rider's life was probably saved. 
 
 
 ♦t i*ih, 
 
THE HORSE. 
 
 95 
 
 10. Tlic l)ost-l)re(l horses jire gencniUy very 
 afleetionate, and easily make friends with the near- 
 est living heinir. A famous raee-horse, that would 
 not let any one go near him without using both 
 his heels and his teeth,— and called from his 
 ferocity the "Mad Arabian," — had a little lamb 
 as his most intimate friend, which he allowed to 
 take any liberties with him. n. Another horse was 
 strongly attached to. a cat, which usually sa upon 
 his back. A\'hen the horse died, the cat gradually 
 Dined away and soon followed his beloved friend. 
 iL'. Horses are also very ingenious. A mare and 
 her colt were in the habit of robbing an orchard. 
 The mare went up to one of the apple-trees and 
 threw herself with great force agiunst the trunk, 
 3vhcn a shower of apples came tumbling doM'n ; 
 then mother and son set to work on the fallen 
 
 ! 
 
 !i!; 
 
96 
 
 TIIIIW llEADKR. 
 
 apples, and when they hud nmnohed up these, 
 tliey resumed then* operations on some other tree. 
 
 f 
 
 Questions. — 1. What are the points in which the horse is 
 superior to the other domestic animals '? 2. When was the Iiorse 
 first tamed ? 3. Where are wild horses found ? 4. In what sense 
 are they wild f 5. Who brought tije horse first to America ? 
 (t. What did the Indians tliink wlien they first saw a man on 
 horseback ? 7. How are the wild horses of Tartary managed ? 
 8. How are they caught ? 9, In what way does the liorse serve 
 the Tartar besides being a beast of burden ? 10. Wliat are our 
 largest horses ? 11. Wliat are our smallest ? 12. At what rate 
 can the swiftest racfe-horses run ? 13, What does the Arab 
 make of his horse ? 14. AVhat does the horse show in return ? 
 1.5. Show how horses have a good memory. 10. Tell the storj 
 of the gentleman who was thrown from his horse in the centre 
 of a large forest. 17. What animal dij the Mad Arabian take 
 for his friend ? 18. What animal was the friend of another 
 horse ? 19. What liappened when this liorse died ? 20. Tell 
 the story of the mare robbing an orchard. 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Certainty Extraordinary Capital Attached 
 
 Originally Celebrated Insensible Usually 
 
 Promptitude Exhibit Prostrate Gradually 
 
 Regiment Gallant Succeeded Ingenious 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in sections 11 
 and 12. 
 
 3. Add verbs to the following nouns: Horse, Spaniard, 
 Tartars, falcon, race-horse, the Arab, pony, master, lamb, 
 cat, orchard. 
 
 4. Turn the following nouns ipto adjectives : Pride, spirit, 
 courage, intelligence, fame, wonder, power, force, friend, 
 faith, ferocity. 
 
 5. Make nouns out of the following adjectives and verbs: 
 Move, know, certain, strange, lead, ride, carry, endure, try, 
 deep, high, dark, succeed, free, rob, thieve. 
 
THE STOLEN PEACHES. 
 
 97 
 
 ' 1 1 
 1 1 1 
 
 THE STOLEN PEACHES. 
 
 Plot, a piece of ground. 
 Budd'y, ml. 
 
 Bloom, 11 look of fieshiieHS. 
 Down'y, coveruil with down. 
 
 Pluck, to pick. 
 
 Henoe'fopth, from this time, or 
 
 for the future. 
 Guilt'y, Hinful, wicked. 
 
 1. Cliarlio was llio son of <rood and kind parents. 
 It was his birthday, and beautiful autunni weather. 
 His parents hwided him with presents, and per-, 
 mitted him to bring some of his school-fellows to 
 play with him. 
 
 2. They played about in the garden. There 
 Charlie had a little plot of his own, rich with 
 flowers and fruit. On the opposite wall there grew 
 a peach-tree, which was not his, but his father's ; 
 and this he had been told he must not touch. 
 
 3. The peaches were ripe, and a ruddy bloom 
 blushed through their downy .skin. " What could 
 be more delightful ? " thought the boys. 
 
 Why not Just taste them ? " said they to Charlie. 
 "There's no harm in it. , Besides, : this not your 
 birthday? Surely you can do as yv u like once a 
 year at least." 
 
 4. " No ! " stiid Charlie ; " I am forbidden to touch 
 those peaches; that's enough for me; but take 
 what you like from my own plot, and welcome." 
 
 Then said the eldest of the boys : " Very likely 
 Charlie is quite right; but let iis pluck the 
 peaches, and perhaps he will help us to eat them." 
 
 5. So Charlie at last agreed to this, and he was 
 by no means unwilling to share the feast. 
 
 .VI 
 
 iii 
 
 
Tfitiw uKAimn. 
 
 iih 
 
 
 Ji 
 
 i 
 
 When tho ponchos woro nil oiilon, imd tho hoys 
 gone, Charlio bojj^anlo Tool li(» liiid tlono wrono- ; he 
 stayod in tho gnnlon nlono and wn^lohod, and had 
 nevoi" hecn so sad and niisorahh' all his lif(> lonir. 
 
 0. At last his fathor eanio into tho gardon, and 
 called out, "Charlie ! C^iai'lio 1" 
 
 Charlie stood at the end of tho garden, a picture 
 of misery. Ilis father wont to liiin, and in [)assing 
 the peach-tree he saw what had boon done. His 
 face grew sad and angry. 
 
 7. Then said his fathor : " Is this your birthday, 
 and is this the return you make us for all our 
 care and kindness ? " 
 
 Charlie was dumb. 
 
 " Henceforth the garden is looked to you," said 
 his father. He then led Charlie into the house, 
 and went away in displeasure. 
 
 
 :« 
 
TIIR STOLEN PEACHES. 
 
 dd 
 
 «. Churlio went ofT to bod, but not to sloep. 
 He turiKid nnd losscd this wiiy und tlmt, but llio 
 whole ni<xht \un\f he could not sleep. 
 
 ^ Next nioniin^' ("hnrlic^ wan so pale mid sad that 
 his mother had pity on him. o. So she said to her 
 husband "Charlie is sorry, Imt ho thinks the 
 'locked o-arden' means that you have locked your 
 luiart a<,'ainst him." 
 
 "He is quite riyht," was tlu^ reply; "I have 
 locked my heart a<r.'iinst him." 
 
 "How sad," sio-hed the mother; "he has be<run 
 the new year of his lite with sori-ow." 
 
 "That it may beconie more full of joy, let us 
 hope," said the father. 
 
 16. By-and-l)y the mother said: "I am afraid 
 jCharlie will doubt oiu' love for him." 
 
 ^I hope not," said her husl)and. " Althounfh he 
 feels he is *?uilty, I do not think he would wish to 
 throw the blame on us. Till now he always had 
 our love, and he will learn to prize it for the future 
 by having to win it back again." 
 
 11. The following morning Charlie came down to 
 breakf 1 calmly and cheerfully. He carried a 
 basket ju his hand, full of all the toys and presents 
 his parents had given him. 
 
 "What do you mean by this?" asked his father. 
 
 Charlie answered: "I give these back to you, 
 for I do not deserve them." Then the father un- 
 locked his heart, and happiness came back to them 
 .all 
 
 again. 
 
 KfWtiimfiCiiVTt 
 
 <^i 
 
100 
 
 rniiih HEADER. 
 
 Dictation. — liOiirn to wiito out: 
 77iey played uhout in the f/finfi/i. Here Charlie had 
 a little, plot of hiH <>//v/, rich with ^ffoinrs and fniit. 
 On the o/ijtonite int. 'f there i/reir a jixirh-tree, irhieh 
 iras not hin, hut hin fat her' a : and thin ha had been 
 told he jniint not touch, 
 
 QuKHTioNH. — I. Wlmt timn of tlic yciir did (^mrlie's birtJiday 
 fall In? 2. Niiino tin* luiliiiiiii uioiUhs. :?. Wliat li.id Cliarlic's 
 parents done to makv llils lilrlhday a hai)i>y one? 4. What 
 grew In Charlie's own little yardt-n ? T). When- did his father's 
 peach-tree ^row ? (I. How larj^e is a peacli — is it laijjer or 
 smaller tlian a plum '.' 7. What sort of skin has it? H. Wlio 
 first persuaded. Charlie to toueli the lu'aehes ? i». Why did lie 
 refuse to do so . 10. \\'}w did piek them ? II. Did Charlie eat 
 any ? 12. Wliy did lu^ stay out in the Karden alone ? l;j. What 
 did his father say when he saw what had happened? 14. Did 
 Cliarlie sleep well that id.uht ? in. Why did his mother i)ity 
 him when lie eame down In the morning'? 17. Wliat did the 
 father hope mi),dit he the residt of ( 'harlie's present sorrow ? 17. 
 What was it that was to make Charlie pri/.e his parent's love for 
 the future? IS. How did ho try to slu)w that he really felt 
 sorry for his fault ? 
 
 ExEKCi.sES. — 1. Learn lo spell the following words: 
 
 Beautiful Sehoolf-llow Wretched Sorrow 
 
 Antunm Opposite Displeasure Although 
 
 Weather Agreed Sighed Breakfast 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjei-tivtis, and verba In sections 10 
 and 11. 
 
 a. Add adjectives to the following nouns: liirtlnhty, autumn, 
 present, plot, fruit, peaeft, year, feast, life, pieturc, faee, 
 misery. 
 
 4. Make adjectives out of the following nouns: Father, care, 
 kindness, displeasure, sleep, pity, tirart, motlier, year, sorrow, 
 loee, blams, hand, liai>])iuess. 
 
 5. Make nouns out of the following verbs: Loaded, ureio, 
 blushed, like, atirvrd, feel, stood, locked, sighed, think, learn, 
 given, mean, answerrd. 
 
 0. Tell in your own words tlu^ story of the Stolen Peaches. 
 
BCHW TVHK UK A niNOS. 
 
 101 
 
 scKii'TruK ri:ai)IN(}s. 
 
 After the (IcjKirtm-e of .Fcsiis ('hrist fVotn llio 
 world, liis (loctriiics were tMiiirlit, at tirst in .ludca, 
 mid afteruurd.s in ninny ollua- coinilricv^, hy tlm 
 npoHlloH whom \w had chosen and trained for 
 tho pin-poHO. They sullered nmeh persecution at 
 the hands of l)()th tiio Jews and th(^ (ientih-s, and 
 most of tiiem were ])iit to death hy tho riders of 
 the countries they visited, or hy the em'aifed j)op- 
 ulac(\ The followin<jf uxtructs contain sp imens 
 of their teachin*;: : — 
 
 THK OOSI'KI, I'HKACHKI) TO TUK (JKNTILKS. 
 Then IVU'ropciicd his inontti, and said. Of a triitli, I perceive 
 tliat (Jod is no respcctfr of persons: l)iii, in evcKy nation he tiiat 
 fcaretli liini. and woiketli riiiiitcoiisncss, is acccptcil witli liim. 
 Tlie word whi(;li (;()(i scntdnlo tlic cliildren of Israel preaelil 
 iiif,' peace by Jesus Clirist, (lie is Lord of all): that word, I say 
 ye know, whlcli was published throu-fliout ail ,fndea. and be-'an 
 from Galilee, after the baptism whlcii John nreaehed; bow (7od 
 anointed Jesus of Ni./.areth with the IU)ty (Jiiost and with 
 power; who went about doint,'; good, and healing all that were 
 oppressed of the devil; for (iod was with him. And we are 
 witnesses of all thin<;s which hi- did 1>oth in the land of the 
 Jews and in Jerusalem: whom they *Jew and Imnged on a tree: 
 him (lod raised up the third day, Und sliowed him openly: not 
 to all tbe people, but unto witnes^et* chosen b( fore of (Jod, even 
 to us, who did eat and drink with him after be rose from tlie 
 dead. And he connnanded us to prea^'h unto the i)eople, and 
 to testify that it is he wlii.'h was ordained of (iod to be the 
 Judge of (piick and dead. To him give all tbe prophets wit- 
 ness, that tlirougb bis nam^ whosoever believetU in liim shall 
 re' e remission of sins. — - Acts x. 34-4a. 
 
 PAUL'S ACCOUNT OP HIS CONVERSION. 
 Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make 
 now unto you. (And when they heard that be spake in the 
 Hebrew tongue to tlu^m, they kept the more silence: and he 
 saitb): I am verily a man which am a Jew, born in Tarsus a 
 city in Cibcia, yet brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, 
 and taught according to the perfect manner of tb.e bvw of the 
 fatliers, and was zealous toward (Joil, as ye all are this day 
 And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and deliver^ 
 
 I! 11 
 
 i if 
 
 !»t . 
 
102 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 ing into prisons both men and women. As also the high priest 
 dotli bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders: from 
 whom also I received letters unto the brethren, and went 
 to Damascus, to bring them Avhich were there bound unto Jeru- 
 salem, for to be punished. And it came to pass, that, as I made 
 my journey, and was come nigh unto Damascus about noon, 
 suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me. 
 And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, 
 Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me ? And I answered, Who 
 art thou. Lord ? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth, 
 whom thou persecutest. And they that wei-e with me saw 
 indeed the light, and were afraid ; "but they heard not the voice 
 of him that spake to me. And I said. What shall I do. Lord ? 
 And tlie Lord said unto me. Arise, and go into Damascus; and 
 there shall it be told thee of all things which are appointed for 
 thee to do. And when I could not see for the glory of that 
 light, being led by the hand of them that were with me, I came 
 into Damascus, And one Ananias, a devout man according to 
 the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt there, 
 came unto me, and stood, and said xmto me, brother Savd, 
 receive thy sight. And the same hour 1 looked up tipon him. 
 And he said, the-God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou 
 shouldest know his will, and see that Just One, and shouldest 
 hear the voice of his mouth. For thou shalt be his witness unto 
 all men of what thou hast seen and heard. And now why 
 tarriest thou ? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, 
 calling on the name of the Lord. And it came to [lass, that, 
 when I was come again to Jerusalem, even while I prayed in 
 the temple, I was in a trance; and saw him saying unto me, 
 Make haste, and get thee quitkly out of Jerusalem ; for they 
 will not receive thy testimony concerning me. And I said. 
 Lord, they know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue 
 them that believed on thee; and when the blood of thy martyr 
 Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto 
 his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him. And 
 he said unto me. Depart: for 1 will send thee far hence unto the 
 Gentiles.— Acts xxii. 1-2L 
 
 LOVE. 
 If I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, but have 
 not love, I am become sounding brass, or a clanging cymbal. 
 And if I have the gift of prophecy, and know all mysteries and 
 all knowledge; and if I have all faith, so as to remove moun- 
 tains, but have not love, I am nothing. And if I bestow all my 
 goods to feed the poor, and if I give my body to be burned, but 
 have not love, it profiteth me notliing. Love suftereth long, and 
 !s kind; love enYietli not; love vauiiteih not itself, is not jjulTed 
 up, doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not its own, is not 
 provoked, taketh not account of evil; rejoiceth not in unright- 
 
'Ill 
 
 SCIitPTURE HEAMNOS. 
 
 ■■ I 
 
 103 
 
 ponsness but rejoionth witli the truth; beareth all things, be- 
 iK'veth al things, hopoth all things, endureth all things. J;ove 
 ntiver faileth: but wJK'tiior there be propheeies, they shall be 
 (lone away; whether there be ton-rues, they shall cease; whether 
 there be knowliMlir;,, it shall be done away. For we know in 
 part, and we prophesy in i)art: but when that which is perfect 
 IS come, that which is in part shall be done away. When 1 was 
 a child, I spake as a child, 1 felt as a child, I thout^ht as a child ■ 
 now that I have become a man, I have put awayciiildish thinn-s 
 l*or now we see in a mirror, darkly; but then face to face: now 
 1 know in part; but then shall I know even as also 1 have been 
 known. But now abideth faith, hope, love, these three; and 
 the greatest of these is lov(!. 
 
 Follow after love; yet desire earnestly spiritual gifts, but 
 rather that ye may prophesy.— /i'cr/.sf(Z wrHinn, 1 Cor. xiii. l-i;]. 
 
 GENKUAL KXIIOUTATIONS. 
 Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Reioice. Let 
 yo.ir moderation be known muo all men. The Lord is at hand 
 He carefu for nothing; but in everything by praver and supi.lil 
 ration with thanksgiving let your re.iuests be made known unto 
 ,",;, ' ln« IH'ace of God, which passeth all understandin<'. 
 shall keep your hearts and iniuds through (Jhrist Jesus. Finall'v 
 brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are 
 honest, whatso.'ver things are just, whatsoever things are pure, 
 whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good 
 report; it tliere be any virtue, and if there be any praise, thi:.k 
 on these things. — riiil. iv. 4-8. 
 
 * ' • • 
 
 Submit yourselves to every ordinance of man for the Lord's 
 sake: whether It be to the king, as supreme; or unto governors 
 as unto them that are sent by him for the punishmeS of ev- 1 
 doers, and for the praise of them that do well. For so is the 
 will of God that with well doing ye may put to silence t e 
 Ignorance of foolish men: as free, Ld not Sng yoS'Sberty 
 for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. Honol 
 
 lPeS'ii.S-nl' '" ''^°''''- *^"^'"^°d- Honor the king- 
 • ... 
 
 Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamor, and 
 evil speaking, be put away from you, witirall malice S be ye 
 kind one to another, tender-hearted, forgiving one another evS 
 as God for (Jhrist's sake hath forgiven you. - Epl* W. sS. 
 
 vnU" w ^«"*^^»"g,b'-otherly love ye need not that I write unto 
 you; for ye yourselves are tamrht of (Jod to lovg «n-. ar,^tW 
 And indeed ye do it toward all the brethren which" ar*e'"in all 
 Macedonia; but we beseech you. brethren, that ye fnc?ease 
 more and more; and that ve study to be qui^t, and to lo year 
 
 m 
 
 liif 
 
 f/ 
 
104 
 
 nniil) HEADEli. 
 
 own business, and to work with yonr own hands, as we com- 
 manded you: tliat yo may wallc lioiiestly toward them that are 
 without, and that yc may have lack of notlung. 
 
 But I would not have you to be ignorant, brethren, concern- 
 ing them wliieh are asleep, tluit ye sorrow not, even as others 
 which have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and 
 rose again, even so tlieni also which sleep in Jesus will God 
 bring with him. For this we say unto you by the word of the 
 Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto tlie comina of 
 the Lord shall not prevent tliem wliieli are asleep. For tlie 
 Lord himself shall descend from heaven witli a shout, with 
 the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the 
 dead in Christ shall rise first: tlien we which are alive and 
 remain shall be caught up togethei' with them in the clouds, to 
 jneet the Lord in tlie air: and so shall we ever be with the 
 Jjord. Wherefore comfort one another with these words. — 1 
 Thess. iv. 9-18. 
 
 HYMN OF THE HEBREW IMATDEN. 
 
 i.When Isnu;!, of the Lord beloved, 
 
 Out of tlie laud of hondage onme, 
 Her father's God before her moved, 
 
 An awful guide, in smoke and flame. 
 By day, along the astonished lands 
 
 The cloudy piliar glided slow ; 
 By night, Arabia's erimson'd sands 
 
 Returned the fiery colunm's glow. 
 
 2. There rose the choral hynm of praise, 
 
 And trump and timbrel answered keen, 
 And Zion's daughters i)oured their lays, 
 
 With priest's and Avarrior's voice between. 
 No portents now our foes amaze, 
 
 Foi. jaken Israel wanders lone ; 
 Our fathers would not know Tiiy ways, 
 
 And Thou hast left tliem to their owu. 
 
 ^. 
 
HYMN OF THE HEBUEW MAIDEN. 105 
 
 3. But, present stilt, thouirli now unseen ; 
 
 When briglitly shines the i)r()si)erous day, 
 ]ie thoughts of Thkk u cloudy screen 
 
 To temper the deceitful ray. 
 And oh, when stoops on Judah's path 
 
 In shade and storm the frequent night. 
 Be Thou, long-surt'ering, slow to Avrath, 
 
 A burning and a shining light. 
 
 •1. Our harps we left by Babel's streams. 
 
 The tyrant's jest, the Gentile's scorn ; 
 No censer round our altar beams. 
 
 And mute are timbrel, trump, and horn. 
 But Thou hast said, the blood of <roats. 
 
 The flesh of rams, I will not prize ; 
 A contrite heart, an humble thouirht. 
 
 Are mine accepted sacriHce. 
 
 Explanation.— Til is l)caiaifnl hymn is put by Sir Waltei 
 Scott in the mouth of Itchcrra., the .Jewisli maiden in " Ivan- 
 hoe," on the eve of lier trial by the court of tlie, Kniglito 
 Templars. 
 
 ExKFsc'isKS.—l, Explain the following phrases: (1) The 
 land of bondage; (2) Along the astonished lands; (;)) Arabia";; 
 crimsoned sands; (4) Zjon's daugliters poured their lays; (5) A 
 cloudy screen to temper the deceitful ray; ((5) The tyrant's jest, 
 tlie Oentile's scorn; (7) Accepted sacrifice. 
 
 2. Learn to spell the following words: — 
 Fiery Prosperous 
 
 Choral Deceitful 
 
 Accepted 
 Sacrifice 
 
 3. Distinguish between pHlar and pilloio ; aloio and sloe ; 
 i/t.. _ ^.1.. ....!., , ....j,j.f^, „ jt,i(j liifjiiittT^i ; icould and wood; 
 
 censer and censor ; heart and hart; altar and alter. 
 
 ;':|.J^ 
 
 
 it 
 
 ■ ■(■ 
 
 m:i 
 
106 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 Im'plements, tools. 
 Inoal'culable, not to be (easily) 
 
 viiluud ())• cslimateil. 
 Bomanoe', stories of the olden 
 
 times. 
 
 Intense', very great. 
 Con'stitutes, forma en- niakca. 
 Condit'ion, state. 
 Convert'ed, eliangcMl. 
 Enum'erato, recount or tell about. 
 
 \ Iron is what is called a metal; and of nil the 
 metals, it is the most u.sof'ul to man — far more 
 useful than gold or silver, or copper or tin. Whih} 
 being the most useful, iron is fortunately also the 
 mo.st common of all the metals, l)eing found almost 
 everywhere. A long time ago, people knew 
 nothing of iron or of its uses, and they nuide all 
 their tools and weapons out of stone or bone or 
 wood; then they found out copper and tin, and 
 they mixed these together and made for them- 
 selves lances, knives, hatchets, and needles ; being 
 thus much better offlhan they were ])efore. 
 
 2. Copper and tin when mixed together maka 
 what is called bronze; but on account of its soft- 
 ness, bronze, though better than stone or ))one, is 
 still not worth very much for making any kind of 
 tool which needs a sharp edge. In olden times 
 only the rich people could atford to use it, and the 
 poor people had to content themselves with their 
 old and clumsy stone implements. 
 
 3. It was therefore a great thing for the world 
 when iron was first found out, and the discovery 
 of its innumerable uses has made an incalculable 
 improvement in the conuition of the vvholo human 
 race. 
 
IRON. 
 
 107 
 
 
 4. Though we have said that iron is found almost 
 everywhere, the metal in its jmre state is hardly 
 known to occur naturally at all. A few hmips of 
 it are occasionally met with ; and out of these it is 
 likely that the magic swords of th(^ old heroes of 
 romance, such as gorxl King Arthur, were manu- 
 factured. Th(! p'oj.Ie, who at that time knew 
 nothing about iron, thouglit that these swords were 
 magical, because (liey wore so nuich sharjier than 
 their own bronze oik's. 
 
 5. Pure iron, thei-efore, is so rarely found, that 
 we need say nothing about it here. The metal is, 
 however, mixed up and joined with other sub- 
 stunccs ; and is then known as iron-ore. In this 
 state it is so common, that there is hardly any 
 kind of rock or soil which does not contain more 
 or less of it^ 
 
 6. Sometimes the iron-ore is found in great 
 masses in the ground, and then people dig it 
 up to make iron out of it. For the purpose of 
 getting at this iron-ore they dig deep holes in the 
 ground, which are called miim; and the men who 
 are employed in getting out the ore are called 
 minern. 7. They spend most of their time under 
 the earth, working by the aid of oil-lamps, and 
 deprived of the pleasant light of the sun, and the 
 sight of the grass and the green trees. We ought 
 to be gi'ateful to those who spend their lives in 
 this way, in order that we may have iron for all 
 
 our wants. 
 
 ii: 
 
 8. When you have seen iron-ore, you will no 
 
108 
 
 TIIIBD READER. 
 
 l()i\<ior wondor that ])of)])lo woro so lon*^ in finding 
 out lliat it Wiis worth jiii,vthin_a-, or tliiit such a 
 V!iIu;il)U' sul)stimc(> as iron couhl he \\\\h\v tVoni it. 
 i\:ost connnoulv, iron-ore is :i rcddisli, brown, or 
 hhu'k slono, wliich dot's not look nt all like iron, 
 and lias none of its j)ro])(M'tios, except that it \a 
 very heavy. Sometimes it is found in tlie form of 
 earth or sand, and sometimes, tjiouoh like a stone 
 in other respects, it has a hriiihtl^' whining and 
 metallic appearance. 
 
 9 All kinds of iron-or(>. howc^ver ditfcront they 
 may be to look at, iii'c useless for any of the pur- 
 poses for which we use iron itself. You could not 
 make a knife or a hatchet out of the ore itself. 
 Before you can use it, you nmst get the iron out 
 of the ore ; and this is done by a })rocess called 
 smelt in(j. 
 
 10. In order to smelt iron, the ore is placed in a 
 largo furnace, along with a (luantit}' of coal and 
 limestone, and subjected to the most intense heat. 
 The heat drives away from the ore all the suli- 
 stanees which were mixed with the iron; and then 
 the melted metal flows out as u red-hot stream, 
 from a hole in the l)()ttom of the furnace. The 
 melted iron is run ofl' into moulds, and allowed 
 to cool down, and it then constitutes what is known 
 aspiff-iron. «. Yet even in this stage the iron is 
 not perfectly pure, though it is greatly used in the 
 j)reparation of articles by what is termed caMhuj. 
 \\\ this j/roeess, an cartlien mould is made of the 
 shape of the article which it is desired to make. 
 
tHON. 
 
 \m 
 
 Jirul then tli 
 
 11(5 iron i.s nu^ltcd find allowed to run in 
 Its fluKl condition into the mould. When the 
 nietul hits ])ee()mc thoroughly cool, the mould is 
 ')roken, and the winhed-for article is found inside. 
 A great many iron tools and imi)Iem(u.ts are made 
 m tins way of cast-iron, though steel is now often 
 used instead. 
 
 
 Section of Iron Blast-furnace, showin„ the method of feeding i„ the ore 
 
 12. Cast-iron is somewhat brittle, and can be 
 easily broken ; but it can be converted by pro- 
 cesses vhich need not be described here into 
 
 wrouffht-iron. This kind nf iv^n i,.,. ^i , 
 
 ot hemg extremely tough, and at the same time it 
 
no 
 
 TimU) UKADKH. 
 
 can easily ho miii\i\ info various sliapos hv boiiiff 
 Iiammorod, n* by lK>iM«r passed under heavy roUers. 
 i.i. Ilenec wrou^Wit-iron ean ho eiisily formed into 
 plalos or shoots, whieh may ho thiek enou<rh to 
 tbrni the armor for a man-of-war, or whieh may 
 ho as thin as the Hnost paper. It can also ho 
 
 Outwanl view of n/nsl-fHrnni'e, shnwiiitf (at I)) (he molten iron nmnin(, 
 off into the mouUls to fonn pig-iron. 
 
 drawn out into the most delicate and threadlike 
 wire. On account of its possessing these two 
 properties, iron is both malleable and ductile. 
 
 u. Iron can also be changed into what is called 
 steel. I'his is much harder than either cast or 
 wrought iron, and takes a nmch higher polish. 
 
IRObt, 
 
 111 
 
 It am also ho iimdo of uny iVn^wv, of |,..„<Iii('s,h 
 by lioatincr it ciirofiilly, and l,y ,.()olin<r it rapidly. 
 ir>. Steel in used principiiHy in the producHon of 
 all tools which, like Hies, rcMjuire to I)o very Imrd. 
 All "ed<r(,.t()oIs," such as knives, scissors, and 
 razors, which recpn're to liavc; a very sharp cuttin«r 
 e(l«re, are also made of steel. " 
 
 Ki. It would he too lon<r (o enumerate here one- 
 tenth part of the us(,s to which we put iron, in 
 one or other of its three principal foi-ms — namely, 
 cast-iron, wrou^dit-iron, and ste<d. What we shouM 
 do without the innumerable small iron articles 
 which wo employ in our daily life, it is indcKul 
 hard to tell. 17. Hut one may safely say that 
 we should feel very uncomfortahlo if we wore to 
 wake up some mornin^ir and Hnd that all our iron 
 pots and pans, our lenders, ^rmtes, and tire-irons, 
 our knives, scissors, keys, locks, holts, needles, 
 steel-pens, watch-s|)rin<rs, hannners, nails, hatchets, 
 and saws had suddenly disai)peared durinir the 
 mght. Nor should we like to do without our rail- 
 ways, or the iron telegraph wires which enable us 
 to send our news to all i)arts of the world in the space 
 of a fii\y minutes, or the splendid iron ships which 
 convey ourselves and our good^jto distant countries. 
 
 Questions _ 1. Which is tlie most useful of all the metals ? 
 2. mich IS the most common ? ?.. Why is it the most useful ? 
 4. Of what were tools and weapons made very lon^ ago? 
 o. What is bronze? 0. What kind of people alone used bronze 
 tools . ,. Oi wnat were the old "magic " swords made ? 8. How 
 is ron generally found? 9. Where? 10. What are the men 
 called who dig it out ? H. How is the iron got out of the ore ? 
 
112 
 
 Til I It n h'h'ADI'.'li. 
 
 12. What is put in tlic fiiiimcr nloii;; wllli llicoiv? l;]. Into 
 wliiit is tlie mt'ltwi iioii run? II. Wliiit Is it llicii (•iil!..(l ? 
 !.'>. Dt'sciil).' tlic process of casting, Id, Wlial Is Hi,. ,linViciic(' 
 iK'twt'cii rast-iroii ami tvioiinlii-lroii ;' 17. >\fi.ii-lil-lioii ,..111 l,,. 
 mafio into sliwts; iiow tliick ? |H. What .,-1 lli<> oiImt fonii of 
 iron? li). Tell ni»' tlio nunii>s of mmic lliln.ns made of iron. 
 20. Tell me the names of some things maile of steel. 
 ExKUC'lSK.s. — 1. I.earn to spell Ihe folJowinK words: 
 Useful Inealeulahle Depriveil lIncomfortal)le 
 
 Impleni.fnts Inijirovement Metallie Scissors 
 Innumerable Occasionally Kniinierale Disappeared 
 
 2. Point out tlie nouns, adjectives, and verbs In section 1. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the followhiK imims: Irmi, hirttil, ijohl, 
 silver, voppvr, tin, stonv, Oaiir, wnt.il, c,/(/c, hiipUmi'itIs, /icrocs, 
 holes, vnncr.s. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns; rroii, Ironzr, iinjilc- 
 ments, viincs, firman; kulft; hulvhvl, nhct, mmi-of-irdi; xlrcl- 
 pens, tvufrfi-niirliiijN, sitws. 
 
 5. Make adjectives out of the following nouns: MrfaK roppir, 
 hone, wood, expense, woHh, occd.s/oo, »,».sn, mitiin; )(,sr, cdrlh, 
 S(tnd, suhstftnce, umither. 
 
 (!. Make nouns out of the followliijj; ndjectives and verbs: 
 Common, make, occur, mix, Jnin, deep, iilcusanl, v;arm, drh'c, 
 use, conrert, e.mtdoi/. <lisi(iipri(r, ciiurri), di.-<linit. 
 
 7. Explain the followiuir phrases: (1) The poor jieoide liad 
 Lo content themselves with their old stone Implements. (2) The 
 discovery of iron has made an InciileMlMble Improvement in the 
 condition of tlie whole hnmjr.i race. (;!) Iron on" has none of 
 the properties of Iron, ;'>:.(.pt that It, Is heavy. (4) The iron 
 runs in its fluid condition into the mould. (")) C'ast-iron is 
 la-ittle. ((i) Splendid iroi^nhips convey t)urselves and our goods 
 to distant countries. 
 
A FAR-DISTANT COUNTRY. 
 
 113 
 
 A FAR-DISTANT COUNTRY. 
 
 Transpar'ent, that can be accn 
 tliioii«h (the opposite of 
 
 opaqiti'). 
 
 Remark'able, worthy of much 
 
 notico. 
 
 Devoured', ate eagerly, 
 
 Tem'perature, amount of heat In 
 
 tlie iiir. 
 Verd'ure, greenness. 
 Enliv'ened, made lively. 
 Cred'lbly, so as to make one 
 
 believe. 
 
 For'midable, much to be feared. 
 
 1- One winter evening, as Captain Compass was 
 sittintv by the fire, M-itli his children all around 
 him, lie began, after a little coasing, to tell them 
 the following story ; 
 
114 
 
 Til I an HKADKli. 
 
 II i 
 
 " I hapjMMiod <)ii('(», just about this timo of tho 
 year, to ho in a couiitrv whcro it was very cold, 
 an<l tlui j)()()r InlinUitMiitH luid mucli ado to iteep 
 thcMisclvcM from Htarvin<;. Tlujy were drcs.se i 
 I)artly in (he sUiiis of aniinals, and pan'y in 
 fraruKMits ina(l( from the outer eovering of u 
 middle-sized (|na(h'iiped, whicli tljcy wrre in the 
 hubit of euttin<i; olf Ids baeU while ho »va8 alive. 
 
 2. "They lived tn dwellinj^w which were partly 
 suidc under pjround. The materials they used in 
 buildin«r wen* either stones, or earth hardened by 
 (ire; and so terrible in that country were the 
 storms of wind and rain, that nmny of them 
 covered their roofs all over with stones. The 
 walls of their houses had holes to let in the light ; 
 but to keep out the cold air and wet, they were 
 covered with a sort of transparent stone, made of 
 melted sand or tlints, ;i As wood Avas rather 
 scarce, I don't know what they would have done 
 ibr tiring, if they had not discovered deep down 
 m the bowels of the earth a very extraordinary 
 kind of substance like stone, which, when put among 
 burning wood, caught tire and Hamed like a torch. 
 
 4. "Well — but their diet too was remarkalde. 
 Some of them ate ti 'i thut had been hung up in 
 smoke till they we?'e n\v.\o dry arJ lard; and 
 along with it they iirui the roots of plants, 
 
 or u sort of coarse cake madt? of |)owdered seeds. 
 8 These were the poorer class ; the richer had a 
 Avhiter kind of cake, which they were fond of 
 daubing over with u kind of grease, which they 
 
A FAR-DlHTAiST COUNTRY. 
 
 \U. 
 
 of the 
 
 Dry cold, 
 to koe|) 
 dn's.se'1 
 uiii'y in 
 \g of a 
 e in the 
 alive. 
 ro partly 
 u.scd ill 
 loned l>y 
 vere {\\v, 
 of tliein 
 s. Tl.o 
 le li^ht ; 
 ey were 
 miide of 
 s rather 
 ve done 
 jp down 
 ordinary 
 it among 
 
 1 torch. 
 iarka)>le. 
 i<r up in 
 ird ; and 
 f plants, 
 d seeds. 
 iv had a 
 
 fond of 
 Ich they 
 
 f?ot from a eortain Inr«:o animal. This greaso thoy 
 iisod, too, ill ahnost all their dishes ; nnd whon 
 fivsji, it really was not at all bad. Tluy likewise 
 dcvoun-d the fhvsh of many l.inj.s and heasts when 
 they eould irv\ it : and at(. the leaves and other 
 parts of ditfereiit kinds of ve«jetal»les irrowiiij; in 
 the country, .some (|uite raw, others variously 
 prepared h\ the aid of fire. 
 
 0. " Another <rreat article of food was the curd 
 of milk, pressed into a hard mass and suited. This 
 had so rank a smell, that jH'rsons of w oak stomachs 
 often could not hear to come near it. Tor drink, 
 they made ^r,vat use of water in wliici! certain dry 
 dusty leaves had been steeped, 'i'he > leaves, 1 
 was told, came from countries a jjreat distance off. 
 7. They had likewise a way of i)repariii- a licjuor 
 of the seeds of a gra.vs-like plant steeped in water, 
 adding to it a bitter herb, and which was then set 
 to"Avork"()r >/v//^;//. I was prevailed upon to 
 taste it, and thouirht it at first very nasty, hut in 
 time I got to like it jjretty well. 
 
 8. " When I had lived in this cold climat • about 
 half a year, I found the same people enjc ing a 
 delicious temperature, and the country becoi *e f\dl 
 of beauty and verdure. The trees and shrub were 
 covered with a great variety of fruits, which, with 
 other vegetable products, made up a large p;.rt of 
 the food of the inhabitants, n. I particularly rel- 
 ished certain berries growing in l)unehes, t-ome 
 white and some red, of a very pleasant sourish 
 taste, and so transparent that one might see the 
 
 ! lit: 
 I 
 
116 
 
 THIHD HEADER. 
 
 hi 
 
 seeds at the very centre of them. IIiM-e, too, were 
 wliole tields full of exti'enielv sweet-sinellinir 
 tlowers, which they told me were followed by 
 pods l)earin<2^ seeds, that were excellent food hoth 
 for man and ))east. \ irreat variety of birds en- 
 livened the fi^roves and woods ; amon<r which was 
 a very amnsini; one, that, with little (eachin<r, 
 spoke as jjlaiidy as a parrot. 
 
 10. " The dress of the peoi)le in Avarm weather 
 Avas very varions. Many Avere clad only in a thin 
 doth made of the Vnvy tlbres of the stalk of a 
 plant cultivated for the ])nrpose: this they pre- 
 pared by soakin<r in water, and then beatinij^ with 
 lar<2:e mallets, ii Others wore cloth woven from a 
 curious sort of vciretable wool, which <2^rew in pods 
 ujxMi bushes.. But the most sinuular material was 
 a tine glossy stuff, usimI chielly by the richer 
 classes, which, as I Avas credibly informed, is 
 manufactured out of the tine Avebs of a kind of 
 grub-Avorm. 
 
 vi. " This peo})le are very odd in their dress, 
 especially the Avomen ; their clothing consists of 
 a great number of articles Avhich I really could 
 not describe, and Avhicli strangely disguise the 
 natural form of the body. Jn some instances 
 they seem very cleanly ; but in others, the Hot- 
 tentots are b(>tter than they are. is. Their mode 
 of dressing the hair is remarkable : it is all mat- 
 ted and stiffened Avith the fat of swine and other 
 nnip.mlg, mixed up Avith substances of various 
 kinds and colors. Like many Indian nations 
 
 !Ci 
 
A FAlt-DlHTANT COUNTUY. 
 
 117 
 
 they uso foatluM's in (Ik? liojid-drosH. i4. One thin<i^ 
 surprisod mo much, which was, that they l)rin,<^ up 
 in their houses an animal of the ti<r(.r kind, with 
 t'ormidabhi teeth and claws, whicli is play(ul with 
 an<l caress(Ml by thei tiniest and most timid of 
 their chihh'en.'' 
 
 "I am sure 1 would not phiy witli it," said 
 Jack. 
 
 "Why, you mi,<,dit cliance to <?et an uj^ly scratch 
 if you did," said the cai)tain. 
 
 i«. "The lant;ua,<;(i of this nation seems very 
 harsh, and a foreii;ner tinds it very ditKcult to 
 understand it, yet they talk to one; anotJKU- with 
 <?reat ease and (luii^kness. One of th(Mr oddest 
 customs is th(Mr way of salutinir each other. Let 
 the weather he what it will, they uncover their 
 heads, and remain uncovered for some time, if 
 they mean to he (\\treme1y respectful." 
 
 16. " Why, that's like i)ullin;r otl' our hats," said 
 Jack. 
 
 "Ah, ha! papa," cried Betsy, "I have found 
 fou out. You have been tellin<>: us of our own 
 country, and what is done at home, all this 
 while." 
 
 "But," said Jack, "avc don't burn stones nor eat 
 grease and })owdere(l seeds, nor wear skins and 
 webs, nor play with tig(!rs." 
 
 "No?" said the captain; "pray what is coul 
 but a kind of substance like stone ; and is not but- 
 ler, irrease ; and corn, seeds ; and leather, skins ; 
 
 • «9 
 
 ii 
 
 
 ' »' 
 
 and is not silk the web of a kind of caterpillar 
 
'I I 
 
 118 THIRD READER. 
 
 and may we not as well call a cat an animal of the 
 tiger kind, as a tiger an animal of the cat kind?" 
 
 Evenings at Home. 
 
 Questions (These questions should be put. before paragraph 
 
 16 is read). — 1. Wlio tells tlie story ? 2. To whom? ;j. What 
 
 time of the year was it ? 4. What is the middle-sized quadruped 
 
 from which they take the outer covering ? 5. What is the earth 
 
 hardened by fire ? 6. What is the transparent stone ? 7. Of 
 
 what is it made ? 8. What is the substance found deep down in 
 
 the earth ? <). What are the roots of plants they ate ? 10. What 
 
 the coarse cake ? 11. What was the grease ? 1 2. Tell me some 
 
 of the vegetables eaten raw ? l;]. Some prer ."n-d by the help 
 
 of fire. 14. What is the curd of milk prcsied hard called? 
 
 15. What is the water in which the dry leaves have been, 
 
 steeped ? 16. What is the liquor made with seeds and a bitter 
 
 herb ? 17. What are the berries growing in bunches ? 18. What 
 
 he pods bearing seeds ? 19. What is the cloth made of long 
 
 fibres ? 20. What is the cloth made of vegetable wool ? 
 
 21. What is that made of the webs of a grub-worm ? 22. What 
 
 is the animal of the tiger kind seen in their houses ? 
 
 ExEKciSES. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Inhabitants Leaves Delicious Stomachs 
 
 Extraordinary "Vegetables Language Extremely 
 Daubing Liquor Foreigner Material 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in paragraph 1. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Houses, diet, cake, 
 liquor, berries, hair, roof, birds, beasts, food, water. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns: Quadruped, fish, birds, 
 grub-worm, tiger, beasts, inhabitants, Hottentots. 
 
 5. Explain the following sentences: (1) Their diet was 
 remarkable. (2) The vegetables were prepared by the aid of 
 fire. {3} I particularly relished some berries, (4) A variety of 
 birds enlivened the woods, 
 
 ""I 
 
 '.4., 
 
APPARENTLY DROWNED. 
 
 119 
 
 nal of the 
 ; kind?" 
 at Home. 
 
 e paragraph 
 ? 3. What 
 1 quadruped 
 i3 the earth 
 •ne? 7. Of 
 eep down In 
 ' 10. Wliat 
 ell me some 
 by the help 
 ard called? 
 have beea 
 nd a bitter 
 ' 18. What 
 ade of long 
 ible wool ? 
 22. What 
 
 is: 
 
 machs 
 
 remely 
 
 terlal 
 
 aragraph 1. 
 diet, cake, 
 
 fish, birds, 
 
 ' diet was 
 the aid of 
 . variety of 
 
 APPARENTLY T3R()V\^\ED, JJUT NOT DEAD 
 
 Stren'uous, earnest. 
 liiv'id, black anil blue. 
 Cav'ity, a IioUx'v. 
 Consec'utively, one after an- 
 other. 
 
 Bestor.i'tion, giving back. 
 Artificial, ciiused by art. 
 Keapira'tion, breathing. 
 Simulta'neously, at the same 
 time. 
 
 A man falls int^ water, strugalcs for a few 
 moments, and sinks. Strenuous efforts arc made 
 for his recovery, and finally the body is laid on the 
 deck or shore. It is cold. The face is pale. The 
 eyelids are livid, swollen, and partly open. The 
 pupil, or dark spot in the centre of the colored 
 part of the eye, is very larfre. Froth oozes from 
 the mouth and nostrils. The chest is still; he 
 does not breathe. A hand is placed over the 
 heart just below the left breast ; its beat is unfelt. 
 Purple blotches are scattered here and there over 
 the body and liujbs, 
 
 « 
 
 r 
 I' 
 
 iL 
 
120 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 With all these symptoms, so indicative of 
 death, can that chest ])o made to rise and fall m 
 the act of breathing aoajn ? C'an anything be done 
 that the heart-beat may be perceived once more? 
 Is it possible that life can l)e restored to those 
 Avho are a[)parcntly drowned? 
 
 These questions the following rules are in- 
 tended to answer : — 
 
 Rule 1. — Loosen everything around the 
 neck, turn the patient's face downward, raise the 
 body several inches higher than the head, and re- 
 tain it in this position long enough to count four 
 slowly. This movement Avill enable the froth and 
 water to escape from th(^ throat, mouth, and nos- 
 trils, so that air may have free access to the luncs 
 fl,s soon as breathing coninienees. 
 
 KULE 2, — Place the patient on his back, with 
 
cativG of 
 nd fall m 
 g be done 
 ice more? 
 to those 
 
 are lu- 
 
 und the 
 raise the 
 , and re- 
 )unt four 
 froth and 
 and nos- 
 he lungs 
 
 ick, witU 
 
 A p}\i nMNTf. r nnoWNED. 
 
 121 
 
 the chest sliirlitly elovalod hy a folded coat or 
 other suitable^ <)i)jo('t, and the head in a slraiirht 
 line with the body. This position is necessary for 
 the practice; of artiticiul breatliing, described in 
 Kuie 4. 
 
 Rules. — Innnediately behind and l)elow the 
 root or back part of the tongue is the entrance of 
 the air-tube leading to the lungs. TJiis entrance 4s 
 guarded by a valve, which is closed when the 
 tongue falls far l)ack into tlie throat, and open 
 when it is drawn forward. Hence the third rule : 
 Draw the tongue forward, and retain it in this i)o- 
 sition. This organ being covered by the mucus of 
 the mouth, is very slippery and cannot be easily 
 held by the naked hand. The difficulty is readily 
 overcome, however, hy placing a cotton rag or 
 handkerchief between it and the Hngers. 
 
 Rule 4. — Practise artificial breathin<r. This 
 can only be accomplished by imitating the natural 
 movements of the chest. In order that air may 
 enter the lungs, the chest cavity nmst be enlarged, 
 
 : :j3 
 
 1^ 
 
 H 
 
 
 f ),i 
 
 /> 
 
I: 
 
 122 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 and in order that it may be expelled, the chest 
 cavity must be dimini.shcd. J^ature accomplishes 
 these ends through the action of certain muscles 
 which surround the chest. By art the same results 
 may be effected, although not so perfectly, as fol- 
 lows : The operator stands astride the patient's 
 hips, grasps the arms at the elbows, and raises 
 them above the head, until they nearly meet. 
 This movement exi)ands the chest, and air enters 
 the lungs. 
 
 i ■, 'I 
 
 
 I i » 
 
 Next, h(! brings the arms down by the side, and 
 with both hands on the lower part of the chest and 
 stomach, makes, by a quick motion, firm pressure 
 toward the patient's back. This act diminishes the 
 chest cavity, and consequently forces the air out 
 of the lungs. This double movement is to be 
 regu.ai'jy repeated Irom twelve to fifteen times 
 a minute. 
 
the chest 
 )iii|)lishes 
 I muscles 
 lie results 
 y, as fol- 
 putient'f 
 nd raises 
 ly meet, 
 ir enters 
 
 APPARENTLV DROWNED. 
 
 12b 
 
 ide, and 
 hest and 
 pressure 
 shcs the 
 air out 
 i to be 
 Q times 
 
 Rule 5. — Without interferinof with artificial 
 respiration, remove all cold, wet clothing, and 
 restore warmth to the body. Importance inust be 
 attached to this rule, and the greatest possible haste 
 exercised in carrying it out, especially if the l)ody 
 has been long in the water. If practicable, while 
 the body is being rescued from the water, make 
 preparations for the a[)plication of heat, eithei 
 by hot blankets, hot water, hot air, hot bottles, 
 hot sand, hot salt, or any other method which the 
 exigencies and circumstances of the case may 
 suggest. Should it be necessary to convey the 
 patient some distance, in order to secure the 
 best facilities for the restoration of breathing and 
 warmth, the body should first be well Avrapjfed in 
 dry, warm clothing — the bystanders, if necessary, 
 sharing their garments for the purpose. 
 
 ItuLE 6. — liub the whole body vigorously 
 with the hand or with hot fl.mnel. This'' process 
 adds heat to the system, and aids in promotin<«- 
 respiration. '^ 
 
 Rule 7. —Persevere. Be not discouraged by 
 hours of apparent unsuccessful toil. Life may 
 yet be saved. 
 
 Rule 8. —Avoid all confusion, but hasten, 
 hasten! Every moment which passes unimproved 
 is lost, and the hope of restoration dimmed, there- 
 fore hasten! 
 
 Remember that although these rules are placed 
 m a certain consecutive order, it is not intended 
 that this particular order nmst be strictly followed 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 • t'i 
 
 ',U 
 
124 
 
 THIRD BEADEtt. 
 
 in cyeiy case. Indcod, .-ill tho various processes 
 ro(iiiiro as far as i)ossil)lc to he connnciiced and 
 carriecl on siiimltaiUH)usiy. And llio lahor siiouid 
 bo divided aujong reliable hands. ()no attends to 
 the tongue ; one to the artificial respiration ; two 
 or three to the friction of the body ; .several to the 
 supply of warmth. 
 
 liuLE i). — Should the etibrt be crowned with 
 success, place the patient in a warm bed, sur- 
 rounded with plenty of fresh air, and as soon as 
 he can swallow, give him hot milk, tea, or cotfee. 
 Under no circumstances, whatever, allow any fluids 
 to be administered unless the patient can easily 
 and certainly swallow. j^ ,p.. McLauyhUn, M. d. 
 
 Note. Teachers are advise<l to illustrate the method of 
 restoring persons suffocated hy drowning or otherwise, by per- 
 forming the actions described in the above rules, with tlie 
 assistance of some of their pupils. 
 
 "Explain in your own words the process of resuscitating tliose 
 apparently drowned. 
 
 QUKSTIONS. 1. Why should the body of a person taken out 
 of the water in an insensible condition l)e held witli tlie face 
 downward at first? 2. Why should the tongue be held up 
 when the patient is on his baclc ? 8. What eifect is produced by 
 raising the arms ? 4. Wliat results from lowering the anus and 
 pressing on the stomach? 5. Wliy should the patient be 
 warmed? 6. Wliy should he l)e rul)bed ? 7. What does the air 
 do wlieu the space is made in the cliest? 8. Why do we 
 breathe ? 
 
 ExERciSK. — Learn to write correctly from dictation, rule 8. 
 
THE PEACOCK. 
 
 125 
 
 thp: peacock. 
 
 Brill'iant, very splendid. 
 Gor'geous, magniticent. 
 Besplend'ent, shining brilliantly. 
 Display', show oflf. 
 Append'age, addition. 
 
 Dis'sonant, harah-sounding. 
 Extrav'aKant, too wasteful and 
 
 careless of money, 
 Banq'uets, feasts. 
 
 1. The peacock is one of the most beautiful of 
 birds, its brilliant plumage having rendered it an 
 object of admiration and wonder since the earliest 
 times. The feathers which clothe the bodv of the 
 male bird are magnificently colored, and the head 
 carries a tuft of twenty-four ujn-ight feathers with 
 golden-gi-een tips ; but its great beauty is its 
 immense "train." 2. The feathers of the real tail 
 are only seven or eight inches in length, but 
 those of the train are very long, tinted with the 
 most gorgeous shades, all the central ones having a 
 resplendent eye-like spot. The peacock can raise 
 its tail above its back and spread out the feathers 
 just like a turkey, so as to display all the beauties 
 
12G 
 
 Til I It li JiKADh'U. 
 
 of this wonderful iippcndngo. :t. It Ih a vain bird, 
 very proud of its iippcarancjs luid ulwayH delicrjitod 
 to find sp.'ctjitors hcfoic! whom it cnn .strut about 
 and expand its triiiii. The fcMuidc bird, or "i)oa- 
 hon," on the other hand, is much more soberly 
 dressed than her mate, and she has iiardly any 
 train at all. 4. The peacock thrives very well in 
 North America, and also in K i"ope, but its real home 
 is India. Here flocks of peacficks live in the woods, 
 running about duriui,^ the dny upon the ground ih 
 search of the seeds and berries upon which they 
 feed, and mounting into the highest trees at nighi- 
 fall, for the jjurpose of roosting, secure from the 
 attacks of beasts of prey. n. They can run with 
 considerable speed, but their flight is comparatively 
 heavy and slow. The v^t^h, to the number of 
 twenty or thirty, are laid in a shallow hole in 
 the ground, and the females has to take great care 
 to hide them from her lumatural husband, who 
 has a bad habit of breaking them if he gets the 
 chance. 
 
 6. In some parts of India, bands of peacocks, 
 
 thirty or forty in numl)er, are very cotnmon 
 
 covering the trees with l>rilliant green and gold 
 and blue and velvety-black plumage, but also 
 making the day hide -is with their dissonant cries. 
 They cannot rise easily on the wing, and, if hard 
 pressed, they can only run. 7. * Peacock-shooting 
 in India is a very (hmgerous s^jort, as the 
 peacock frequents phsce-, where the tigoi is also 
 found, and thus the hunter runs a bad chance of 
 
 •^ 
 
THE PEACOCK. 
 
 \t1 
 
 boc'oiriin": himself the fran>o. But old luintors, 
 who wish to attack the ti<j:<'r, find |>oaco<'k.s very 
 useful in lotting- tliciu know of his presence, U8 
 they have a certain not<^ of alarm — a innnher of 
 <|uick ^ratin^' cries to each other, when that beast 
 of prey is near. 
 
 8. Peacocks were first hroujj^ht into Euroi)o from 
 India l)y the » leiirated con(|ueror Alexander the 
 (ireat, who was so much delighted with their beauty 
 that he ni;idi' il a serious oll'ence to kill them. The 
 Homans, however, found out that they were «rood 
 to eat; ands bein<>- an e.\trava«j:ant people, used to 
 serve them up at their <riand ban((uets, with the 
 tail spread in wide and full splendor. At the 
 present day it is seldom that the peacock is eaten 
 in this i)art of the world, but is kept as ai. orna- 
 ment in parks or "gardens, o. Its beauty is indeed 
 almost its only reconunendation as a doinestic 
 bird, for it often does a great deal of damage 
 to cultivated plants, and its cry is of the most 
 unpleasant and inharmonious kind. It sounds 
 something like the united mewing of about a 
 thousand cats ; and the bird is said to utter this 
 hiu'sh scream upc-.i the approach of rain, so that it 
 serves to some extent as a guide to the weather. 
 
 SIMMAUV. 
 
 1. The name of pea-fowl is given to a kind of " scratching 
 bird," nearly related to the connnon fowl and the turkey. The 
 male bird is called the peacock, and the female is called the pea- 
 hen. 2. The habits of the i)eacock are like those of the 
 scratching birds generally; that is to say, it lives principally 
 upon the ground, and it feeds upon berries, buds of plants, and 
 
128 
 
 Tlllltl) liKADKR. 
 
 apoils. whirli it soratrhoH out of the earth with Its feet. It is a 
 qiilflt runii.r, l)iit mi iiwi^Hunl WWt. 
 
 Ql'KHTioNs. — 1, How iiiiiuy ft'iitlicrs arr in tho hoad-tuft ? 2. 
 Ti'll me what you liuow uitout lis lull atnl its train, li. W'lu.ni 
 is its real lioiuf '.> 4. Wli-riMlofs it roost ? 5. Why ? ('..How 
 many o^gs doos It iay '.' 7. How many ^o hi one flocli in India ? 
 S. Wliat is tliiMlauKfr in India to a sportsmiin wlio is sliooting 
 lii'acoolts '.' 1». Inwliatway Istliridrd useful to tigcr-liunters ? 
 
 10. Who Inouglit ilic pea k llrst Into ICuropc ? 11. ''Vll me 
 
 somi'tidng to sliow tiiat tlic lilrd was valued very liigldy. 12. In 
 wliat way diil tlie INunans esteem tlie l)ird ? l:j. What is the 
 peaeocI<'s eldef reeomm;'ndalion:' 14. What is its least'? 15. 
 llow is it a guide to tlu) weallier'.' 
 
 Dictation. — I.parn toiwiite out : 
 The hriniidit plnhnt(/c of the peacock has made it 
 
 an object of adnilrtftion .v'lice the earh^nt times. 
 
 ExERCisEH. — 1. L,.arn to spell the following words: 
 MagidDeently Display Hideous Serious 
 
 Gorgeous I'rey Dissonant Extravagant 
 
 Resplendent Comparatively Dangerous Danquets 
 Appendage Unnatural Coiuiueror Cultivated 
 
 2. Point out all the noims, ndjiH-tlves, and verbs in sections 
 5 and 6. 
 
 '•i. Turn the following nouns Into adjectives: Beauty, wonder, 
 mwiuificence, ahiulc, reiitre, /ciitlier, hhjlit, hahU, care, orna- 
 ment, win<i, extent, alarm, liarmon!/, <l<'Ui/lit, offence, ijood. 
 
 4. Make nouns out of the following adjectives and verbs: 
 UriUiant, admire, yreat, luvu, append, jvoud, appear, ex- 
 pand, sober, t/irh-e, neciire, Jh/, nh>ti', sfioaf, xport, rise, hunt, 
 present, contpier, t/ood, eat, ailorn, ciillirate. 
 
 5. Explain the following phrases: (1) Its brilliant plumage 
 renders it an object of adndration. (2) Tiie peacock displays 
 all the b< antics of this wondeifid ai)pendage. (3) The hunter 
 runs a bad chance of beeundng hinim-lf the game. (4) Pea- 
 cocks used to be served at tlie granil ban(iuets of the Romans. 
 (5) The peacock spj-vbs t/> «/..-:jc extent as a guide to the weather. 
 
It is a 
 
 BTOHM HONG. 
 
 • 
 
 120 
 
 
 i 
 
 k 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^H mt>M^H^^^^^| 
 
 ■ 
 
 H|i 
 
 ■^l^!**--? 
 
 ^1 
 
 ^0^% ^ 
 
 L-l?*^ 
 
 ^^1^^^ 
 
 ^'^ff^. 
 
 
 -;,.^.-*^ 
 
 STORM SONG. 
 
 Scuddinfl", (IriviiiK fast. 
 Shrouds, uliip's ropes. 
 Hatch 'es, the boards that cover 
 tllH hoi,'. 
 
 Spars, ship's cross-yards and booms. 
 Surges, greiit wiivL'8. 
 Chart, map of sea, with track 
 marked on It. 
 
 
 1. The clouds are scuddinof across the moon ; 
 A iiii.st y light is on the sea ; 
 The wind in the sliro;i(ls has a wintry tune, 
 And the foam is flying free. 
 
 z. Brothers, a night of terror and gloom 
 Speaks in the cloud and gathering roar ! 
 
130 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 in 'f 
 
 K',\ i 
 
 i \ 
 I \ 
 i ^\ 
 
 w 
 
 Thank God, He has given us broad sea-room, 
 A thousand miles from shore. 
 
 x Down with tlio hatches on those who sleep ! 
 The wihl and whistling deck have we ; 
 (Jood watch, my In-others, to-night Ave'll 
 keep. 
 While the tempest is on the sea ! 
 
 4. Though the rigging shriek in his terrible grip, 
 
 And the naked spars be snapped away, 
 Lashed to the helm, we'll drive our ship 
 In the teeth of the whelming spray ! 
 
 5. Hark ! how the surges o'erleap the deck ! 
 
 Hark ! how the pitiless tempest raves ! 
 Ah, daylight will look upon many a wreck . 
 Driftinff over the desert waves. 
 
 c. Yet, courage, brothers ! we trust the wave, 
 
 With God above us, our guiding chart : 
 
 So, whether to harbor or ocean-grave. 
 
 Be it still with a cheery heart ! 
 
 Bayard Taylor. 
 
 Dictation. — T.earn to write out the last verse. 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 Scudding Whistling Shriek Pitiless 
 
 Terror Tempest Overleap Harbor 
 
 2. Point out all the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in -"erses 
 
 5 and 6. 
 
 3. Make adjectives out of tlie following nouns: Cloud, mist, 
 wind, lointer, niyht, terra.; tempcsi, pily, waee, courage, guide, 
 ocean, heart. 
 
TRUE GREATNESS. 
 
 131 
 
 TRUE GREATNESS. 
 
 Ostenta'tion, vain show. 
 '.ndispon'8able, roally needful. 
 iPil'KrimaKe, a journey. 
 Inos'timablo, beyond price. 
 
 Tradi'tion. unwritten history. 
 Our earthly pilgrimafce, lifi^'s 
 journey. 
 
 1. Let us rem-mber that irreatncss of action 
 <lej)en(ls on two other kinds of irre;itne.s.s ; on our 
 .'ippreiMation of the greatness of the manner of 
 doing what is good, and our apijreciation of the 
 greatness of the occasioa when it can l)e done. 
 The "grand style," the "great maimer," — that is 
 within our gras}), however distant it may seem. 
 
 2. It has been well said by an enn'nent French 
 writer, that the true calling of a Christian is not 
 to do extraordinary things, but to do ordinary 
 things in an extraordinary way. The most trivial 
 tasks can be accomplished in a noljle, gentle, re- 
 gal spirit, which overrides and puts aside all petty, 
 l)altry feelings, and which elevates all httle things! 
 
 3. Whatever is affected, M'hatever is ostentatious, 
 whatever is taken up from mere fashion, or })arty 
 cry, that is small, vulgar, contemptible. AVhat- 
 ever springs froni our own indei)endent thought, 
 whatever is modest, genuine, and transparent, 
 whatever is deliberately pursued because it tends 
 towards a gi-and result — that is noble, command- 
 ing, great. 
 
 4. Great men are rare ; great ideas are T)orne in 
 U})on us we know not how or whence. But "Teat 
 deeds are within the reach of us all, and it should 
 
 l!' 
 
 ill 
 
 I i 
 
132 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 i 
 
 be a never-ceasin«r aim of genuine education to 
 encourage the admiration and appreciation, not 
 merely of actions that are good and wise, but of 
 actions high-minded, large-minded, which embrace 
 a sphere not narrow liut wide, not mean but lofty ; 
 actions magnificent in quality, in puri)ose, and in 
 eflect. 
 
 6. Every kindness done to others in our daily 
 walk, every attempt to make others happy, every 
 prejudice overcome, every truth more clearly per- 
 ceived, every difficulty subdued, ever}^ sin left 
 behind, every temptation trampled under foot, 
 every step forward in the cause of good, is a step 
 nearer to the life of Christ, through which only 
 death can be really a gain to us. 
 
 6. Think how much yet remains to be done in 
 the thirty, twenty — yes, even in the ten years, 
 or perhaj)s in the one year, perha^/S even in the 
 one day, that yet may remain to us. Despise it 
 not, neglect it not ; cherish, enlarge, improve this 
 vast, this inestimable gift, whilst it is granted to 
 us with its endless opportunities, with its bound- 
 less capacities, with its glorious hopes, with its 
 indispensable calls, with its immense results, with 
 its rare chances of repentance, of improvement, 
 sven for the humblest and weakest amonjr us. 
 
 7. How surely a young man who knows and does 
 what is right will com|)el others, almost against 
 their Avill, and almost without his consciousness, 
 to know and to do it also. The nersons disannear. 
 but the good tradition remains ; their good worki' 
 
TRVE GREATNESS. 
 
 133 
 
 do follow them, either their own good works and 
 Avords which outlive themselves, or those which 
 they have inspired in their successors and survivors. 
 The vision of a nohle character, the glimpse of a 
 new kind of virtue does not perish. 
 
 8. A thing of goodness, like a thing of beauty, 
 " is a joy for ever." To admire what is admirable, 
 to adore what is adorable, to follow what is noble, 
 to rememl)er any such examples that have crossed 
 our earthly pilgrimage, that have brightened its 
 darkness and cheered its dullness — this keeps 
 alive before us the ideal of human nature and the 
 essence of the Divine nature. 
 
 9. The good thoughts, the good deeds, the good 
 memories of those who have l)een the salt and the 
 light of the earth do not perish with their depart- 
 ure — they live on still ; and those who have 
 
 Dean Stanley. 
 
 wrought them live in them 
 
 Exercises, — 1. Learn to spell : 
 
 Appreciation Trivial Independent Indispensable 
 
 Occasion Ostentatious Deliberate Tradition. 
 
 Extraordinary Contemptible Capacities Survivor. 
 2. Write a composition telling some of the ways in which 
 every boy and girl may do truly great things. 
 
134 
 
 Til HID READEIL 
 
 THE LION AND THE SPANIEL. 
 
 Cease' lessly, without ever stop- 
 
 Strait'ened, too narrow. 
 Gam'boled, played and frolicked. 
 Advanced', came ni). 
 Pa'tron, friend who takes care of. 
 Restored', given liac^k. 
 Declined' the risk, refused to 
 take the risk. 
 
 Des'olate, lonely and sad. 
 Loath'inf?. disgust and disl:'.\ 
 Kxhaust'ed, worn out. 
 Mel'ancholy. sadness. 
 Lan'Kuished, drooped and lost his 
 
 strength. 
 Declined', his life faded away. 
 Reclined', leaned on. 
 
 1. Everybody was talking about the great lion 
 and the little dog at the Tower,* and the friend, 
 ship between them ; so we made up our minds to 
 go too. 
 
 The groat cage in front was occupied by a beast, 
 that was called the king's lion ; and, while he cease- 
 lessly Avalked up and down from end to end of his 
 straitened dominions, he was attended by a small 
 and very beautiful black spaniel, who frisked and 
 
 .n fl!!> hcn-.nnin-r of this eenauy a small menageiie of wild beasts 
 was kept in the Tower of London. 
 
 r' ■»" 
 
THE LION AND THE SPANIEL. 
 
 135 
 
 r 
 
 2L. 
 
 sad. 
 (1 aisHS 
 t. 
 
 land lost his 
 
 led away. 
 
 reat lion 
 e friend- 
 minds to 
 
 ' a beast, 
 lie cease- 
 id of his 
 ' a small 
 iked and 
 
 wild beasts 
 
 jumped and gamboled about him. At one time it 
 would protend to snarl and bite at the lion ; at an- 
 other, the noble animal, with an air of fondness, 
 would hokl down his head, while the tiny creature 
 licked his terrible chaps. 2. The keei)cr told us 
 the story about them. 
 
 It was the custom for all who Avere unable or 
 unwillin<,r to pay their sixpence, to l)rinir a dog or 
 a cat as an otiering to the beast in place of money 
 to the keeper. Among others, a cruel lad had 
 caught up this pretty black spaniel in the streets, 
 and thrown it into the cage of the great lion. 3. The 
 little animal trembled and shivered with fear^ and 
 threw itself on its back. It then put out its 
 tongue, and held its paws, as if praying for 
 mercy. 
 
 In the meantime, the lordly brute, instead of 
 devouring it as usual, looked at it with an eye 
 of cool curiosity. He turned it over with one paw, 
 and then with the other ; sniffed at it, and seemed 
 desirous of courting a further acquaintance. 
 
 4. The keeper, on seeing this, brought a large 
 mess of his own family dinner ; but the lion kept 
 aloof, and refused to eat, fixing his eye on the doo-, 
 and, as it were, inviting him to eat. At leno-th 
 the little animal's fears being somewhat abated, and 
 his appetite quickened by the smell of the victuals, 
 he approached slowly, and tremblingly ventured to 
 eat. The lion then advanced gently and beo-an 
 to join him, and they finished tlieir meal verv lov- 
 ingly together. 
 
 
 ' 1 
 
 t I 
 i 1 ' 
 
 !l . 
 
 i ■! 
 
 1 
 
 1 s 
 
 H I 
 
 lit 
 
 H 
 ii'i 
 
133 
 
 mnw HEADER. 
 
 5. From this day the closest friendship began 
 between them — a friendship of all possible affec- 
 tion and tenderness on the part of the lion, and of 
 the utmost confidence and boldness on the part 
 of the dog, insomuch that he would lie down to 
 sleep within the paws and under the jaws of his 
 terrible patron. 
 
 6. A gentleman who had lost the spaniel, and had 
 advertised a reward of two guineas to the finder, 
 at length heard of the adventure, and went to 
 claim his dog. " You see, sir," said the keeper, 
 "it would be a, great pity to part such loving 
 friends ; however, if you insist upon your property 
 being restored, you must be so good as to take him 
 yourself: I would not try it myself for five hun- 
 dred guineas." The gentleman of course declined 
 the risk of a fight with the lion. 
 
 7. In about twelve months the little spaniel sick- 
 ened and (lied, and left its loving protector the 
 most desolate of creatures. For a time the lion 
 appeared to believe that his pet was only asleep. 
 He would keep smelling the body ; then would stir 
 it with his nose, and turn it over with his paws. 
 8. But finding that all his efforts to awake his pet 
 were vain, he would walk along his cage from end 
 to end at a swi^t and uneasy pace, then stop ; then 
 look down with a fixed and drooping gaze ; then 
 raise his head, and open his terrible throat, and 
 utter a prolonged roar, as of distant thunder, for 
 minutes together, 
 a. They tried to take away the carcass from him, 
 
5hip began 
 isible affeo- 
 on, and of 
 n the part 
 e down to 
 aws of his 
 
 il,and had 
 the finder, 
 I went to 
 le keeper, 
 leh lovin<r 
 r property 
 o take him 
 five hun- 
 e declined 
 
 miel sick- 
 tector the 
 ) the lion 
 \y asleep, 
 ivould stir 
 his paws. 
 ke his pet 
 from end 
 op ; then 
 ize ; then 
 roat, and 
 nder, for 
 
 rom him, 
 
 rHE LION AND THE SPANIEL. 137 
 
 but they could not ; he watched it constantly, and 
 would allv>w no one to touch it. The keeper then 
 tried to tempt him with different kinds of food, 
 but he turned from all that Avas oftered with loath- 
 ing. Tiiey then put several living dogs into his 
 cage, and these he instantly tore piecemeal, but left 
 their bodies, untasted, on the floor. 
 
 10. In his terrible passion he would dart his claws 
 into the boards and wrench away large splinters ; 
 and again grapple and shake the bars of his cage 
 till they were nearly torn down. Again, quite 
 exhausted, he would stretch himself by the remains 
 ^of his friend, gather them in with his paws, and 
 hug them. All this while he uttered under-roars 
 ()f tcrribh; melancholy for the loss of his little play- 
 fellow—the only friend, the only companion that 
 he had upon earth. 
 
 n. For five days he thus languished, and ijrad- 
 ually declined, always refusing to take any food, or 
 to accept any comfort. At hist, one morning, he 
 was found dead, with his head lovingly reclined on 
 the body of his little friend. They were both 
 buried together, and over their grave the keeper 
 and the keeper's family shed many sad tears. 
 
 QuESTiOA . — 1. Where were the lion and the spaniel to be 
 seen ? 2. Where is the Tower ? :}. Wliat was it usual to do 
 when thope who wished to see the lion could not pay sixpence ? 
 4. When the spaniel was thrown into the cage, how did it 
 behave ? 5. What did the lion do to the dog ? 6. When the 
 keeper brought his dinner, what did he do ? 7. Who finished 
 tlic dinner ? S. How did the spaniel show his confidence In the 
 lion ? 9. What did the keeper say to the gentleman who came 
 
 )')'■■ 
 
138 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 if 
 
 to claim his dog ? 10. IIow long after did the spaniel die ? 11. 
 How did the lion show he did not helieve it was dead ? IJ. 
 When he could not awake his friend, what did he do ? i;}. Did 
 any one take away the carcass of the dog ? 14. Why not ? lo. 
 Wliat did the lion do to the dogs put into his cage ? 10. How 
 did he behave in his passion ? 17. And after that ? 18. IIow 
 
 lying when he was 
 21. Who wept over 
 
 long did he languish ? li). IIow was he 
 found dead ? 20. What had he died of ? 
 the graves of the spaniel and the lion ? 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn to spell the following words: 
 
 Occupied Gamboled Approached 
 
 Straitened Spaniel Guineas 
 
 Dominions Shivered Piecemeal 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in paragraph (5. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the following nouns: Lion, Hpaniel, 
 keeper, dinner, protector, niehinclioly. * 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns: 
 gentleman, friend, fmnily. 
 
 5. Explain the following sentences: (1) The great cage was 
 occupied by a lion. (2) The lordly brute eyed it coolly. (3) 
 The lion kept aloof. (4) The gentleman declined the risk. 
 
 Lion, s-paniel, keeper, 
 
THE LITTLE TESTAMENT. 
 
 139 
 
 THE LITTLE TESTAMENT. 
 
 Stealth'ily, !»l,vly. | Intox'icatinR, iiuikiiig dnink. 
 
 Grog-shop, u saloon or iav(u'i]. 
 
 1. A orontlciniui onw. told iiit' the following story 
 concerniiiir himscir: 
 
 I was a t('ml)l(' druiikanl. T had nearly 
 broken my \)oov wiles heart. Wi^ had one little 
 Siirl. The poor little thinu* had to go about the 
 streets in i-ags. -' Sonu! kind ladies gave her 
 elothes so that she might go to sehool, but 1 sold 
 them for drink. They gave her a little Testament. 
 She was very fond of it, and liked to read it. 
 
 3. One day she fell ill. Her good friends sent a 
 doctor, and he said she must die. They also sent 
 her what comforts they could, and Avatehed to 
 see that I did not steal them to obtain liquor. 
 4. One day I Avent to her bedside. I was mad for 
 drink. I had taken everything I could lay )ny 
 hands on. 1 looked round the room. There was 
 nothing left, nothing I could dispose of. Yet I 
 must have drink. I would have sold my child ; I 
 would have sold myself for whiskey. 5. The little 
 creature lay on the bed, Avith the Testament clasped 
 in her hands, partly dozing. As I sat there she 
 fell asleep, and the liook slipped from her fingers. 
 Stealthily looking around the room, I stretched 
 out my shaking hand, seized the book, and hastily 
 thrust it into my l)osom. I soon sneaked out, and 
 went to the grog-shoi). «. What took me back to 
 my child I cannot tell, but I sat again by her side. 
 
 IK 
 
140 
 
 THIRU HUADER. 
 
 «';! 
 
 m> 
 
 ■ lAI -ra d 
 
 She still seemed to bo Hltiepin*? ; and I siit there for 
 some time, when tihe opeiUMJ her eyes slowly and 
 saw me. 
 
 7. Keaohin^ (uit her bund to toiieh mine, she 
 said, "Papa, listen. I'm jroing to die, and Avhen I 
 die I shall go to Jesus ; for h(^ told little children to 
 come to him. I learned ( hat oiit of niy Testament. 
 Papa, suppose that when I go to heaven, Jesus 
 should ask me what you did with my little Testa- 
 ment. Oh, papa ! oh, papa ! what shall I tell Him ?" 
 
 8. It struck me like lightning. I sat for a few 
 moments, and then fell down on my knees by the 
 bedside of my child, crying, " (iod be merciful to 
 me a sinner." 9. That whiskey was the last drop 
 
 .of intoxicating liquor that ever passed my lif)s. 
 She died in a fcAv days, with her hand in mine, and 
 her last words to me were, " Papa, we shall both 
 go to Jesus now." ^oA« B. Qough, 
 
ifjsi\^ YEAKKs icrts. 
 
 141 
 
 »^-. 
 
 .'4"^ 
 
 there for 
 )wly and 
 
 line, yho 
 1 when I 
 ildren to 
 stament. 
 u, Jesus 
 le Testa- 
 IHun?" 
 )r a few 
 !S by the 
 srciful to 
 iist drop 
 iiij lips, 
 line, and 
 lall both 
 B. Oough. 
 
 NEW YEAR'S EVE. 
 
 :. Rinor out, wild bolj.s, to the wild sky, 
 The i]yiug eUnid, the frostv h'tdit r 
 Tiu.year is dyui- in the nioht. 
 Ring out, wild bells, an<l let him die. 
 
 2. Ring out the old, ring in the new, 
 
 Ring, happy bells, across the snow ; 
 The year is going, let him go ; 
 Ring out the false, ring in the true. 
 
 3 Ring out the grief that saps the nn'nd. 
 
 For those that here we see no more • 
 Ring out the feud of rich and poor, ' 
 to all mankind. 
 
 Ring in redress 
 
 4. Ring out a slowly dying ^ause 
 
 And ancient forms of party strife ; 
 Ring in the nobler modes of life', 
 With sweeter manners, purer laws. 
 
 6. Ring out the want, the care, the sin, ' 
 
 The faithless coldness of the times ; 
 Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes, 
 
 m. 
 
 But rmg the fuller minstrel 
 
 3. Ring out false pride in place and blood, 
 The civic slander and the spite ; 
 Ring in the love of truth and rio-ht, 
 
 Ring in the common love 
 
 of good. 
 
142 
 
 Til in I) H HA I) Ell. 
 
 7. Ring in tho valiant man and freo, 
 
 Tlui largor hcMirt, tho kiii(lli<'r linnd , 
 Ring out tiio (larl<nos8 of tlir land, 
 Ring in the Christ that is to be. 
 
 Tennystm. 
 
 RIDDLES. 
 
 In'tfllleot, power of tliliikliiK. 
 InRenu'ity, i>owur of hooIiik ii way 
 
 tlirough (lltHoiilt (lUUiitloiiN, 
 In'trioate, Involvoil, or wltli many 
 
 branches and turntnUN. 
 Frob'lem, <lltHmilt (|ui-Mtli)n. 
 Dooid'ed, niadu u}) oiw'h niliiil. 
 
 Jud({'ment, good senop. 
 
 Oonaidera'tion, power of weigh. 
 Ing anti ('ii'u))aring. 
 
 Replies', anHvera. 
 
 Refleo'tion, power of looking just- 
 ly at. 
 
 Disposed', Inclined. ' 
 
 1. When young people get together round the 
 fire on u winter'^ niglit, they are very fond of 
 telling tales, and puzzling each other with riddles. 
 When puzzles are good ones, they exercise intellect 
 and ingenuity in a V(ny pleasant manner. A 
 friend of mine will have it that simple riddles are 
 much better than those which are more intricate ; 
 for what is the use of asking a question, which not 
 more than one in ton can find out? Nine out of 
 ten must in such a case, have more pain than 
 pleasure. 2. Many of us may remember the riddles 
 of our childish days. "Round the house, and 
 round the house, and peeps through the keyhole," 
 was one of tho first of them, and happy was the 
 little urchin who was able to solve the knotty 
 problem. Then came "Black and white, and red 
 
 ( rcud) ail over ; 
 
 and aficr that foiluvvcd, 
 
 ---1. -i t 
 
 (VUUt iillS 
 
 lifcAirn 
 
RIDDLES. 
 
 143 
 
 liiind , 
 > hind, 
 
 Tennysim. 
 
 ien«e. 
 
 lower of weiglb 
 
 iig. 
 
 of looking ju»t- 
 il. • 
 
 round the 
 ry fond of 
 ith riddles, 
 ise intellect 
 anner. A 
 
 riddles are 
 e intricate ; 
 , which not 
 '^'me out of 
 
 pain than 
 'the riddles 
 house, and 
 e keyhole," 
 )py was the 
 the knotty 
 
 te, and red 
 
 d--i- -J. 1, . _ 
 
 been a standin<r dish ever since ; " Which is tli(> left 
 side of a romid i)luni-|)ud(h*n«f ?" We have all of 
 us in our day been stuck fast hy the incjuiry, 
 "Which is the heavier, a pound of load, or u 
 pound of feathers?" and we have all of us decided 
 in favor of the former. 
 
 3. Some time ao^o [ was at a house, where a 
 young party had assen(l)led ; a comical stranoer 
 was introduced, who made nuich amusement amcmo- 
 the younnr p(.op|o by the odd (|uestions he i)roi)o,sedl 
 but, odd as the (luestions were, th(;v all had a ten- 
 dency to exercise the judn^nient of the little group, 
 as well as to make them cheerfid. 4. The fir^t 
 was : "If two hundred ergs be i)ut to two hundred 
 oranges, how many oranges will there be alto- 
 gether?" "Four luuxlred !" cried out b ilf adozen 
 voices ui the same time ; but after a little con- 
 sideration, this answer was found out to be Avrong, 
 and a little boy with a little more judgment 
 pointed out the mistake of his companions. 5. The 
 next question was : " Whi< h can travel faster — a 
 man with only one sack of Hour on liis ])ack, or 
 a man with tAvo sacks on his back ?" Some said : 
 "The man with one sack of flour, to be sure ;" some 
 wei-e silent; and one, more .turning than the rest, 
 said that the man with the 4wo sacks must win ! 
 for that two sacks wcn> li- liter than one sack of 
 flour. 6. The third questicm was: "W a joint of 
 meat weighs twenty pounds when it has been 
 roasted only one hour, what Avill it Aveigh when it 
 has been roasted thro^ liours?" Now" the other 
 
 Mi 
 
 , •'•'lit 
 
144 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 questions had made the young folks more cautious 
 in their replies, and set them a-thinkinff, so that 
 only one cried out : " Sixty pounds !" "I tell you 
 what, my young friend," said the stranger to him, 
 "I have a notion that you would make a capital 
 cook, and, when I set up housekeeping, I shall 
 think of you." v. Another question was then put : 
 "If twenty bushels of apples cost thirty shillings, 
 what should be given for a wagon-load of paving- 
 stones?" The young folks looked at each other, 
 not being able to make head or tail of the question ; 
 for no one could seie what the apples could have to 
 do with the paving-stones. The next puzzle, how- 
 ever, was so comical, that they could think of 
 nothing else for some time. s. "A barrel of 
 oysters," said the stranger, "a Turk's old turban, 
 three pennyworth of stick liquorice, the British 
 Museum, a pint and a half of filberts, a red-hot 
 poker, an ounce of pigtail tobacco, a one-legged 
 magpie, and an old pair of broken bellows, all may 
 be expressed ])y three letters ! " There was a great 
 deal of laughing at the odd compound, and he who 
 found out the secret pronounced it to be a capital 
 puzzle, though many of the others thought differ- 
 ently. The three letters were I N K, for there are 
 very few things that .cannot be expressed by ink. 
 I cannot remember all the questions jmt by the 
 stranger ; but the last was certainlv one of the 
 most comical that I ever heard proposed. 9. I 
 thought at the time that it was asked only to call 
 forth the ingenuity and reflection of the boys, und 
 
M 
 
 RIDDLES. 
 
 145 
 
 cautious 
 , so that 
 [ tell you 
 r to him, 
 a capital 
 , I shall 
 hen put : 
 shillings, 
 - paviiig- 
 ^h other, 
 ]uestion ; 
 1 have to 
 zle, how- 
 think of 
 »arrel of 
 1 turban, 
 e British 
 I red-hot 
 le-legged 
 , all may 
 !s a great 
 i he who 
 a capital 
 ht difter- 
 there are 
 
 by ink. 
 t by the 
 e of the 
 ad. 9. I 
 ly to call 
 oys: <ind 
 
 that no correct answer could be given, and I am 
 rather disposed to retain that opinion still. It 
 was as follows : 
 
 Three gpod fat ducks, three hogs, three frogs, 
 
 Three pints of English corn. 
 Three Polar bears, three liounds, three hares, 
 
 A fox and a goose forlorn ; 
 Three cats, three rats, three bits of cheese, 
 
 Were all placed in one pen: 
 Now tell me, masters, if you please, 
 
 How many came out again ? 
 
 10. There was a "reneral shout of mirth and 
 astonishment at this question, and soon there were 
 a dozen different opinions about it. One was 
 aware that the rats might eat the cheese, and the 
 cats eat the rats ; another was certain that the poor 
 goose would soon be killed and eaten by the fox, 
 and that the ducks would gobble up the frogs in a 
 twinkling. Then the hogs might not only eat the 
 corn, l)ut perha[)s the ducks too ; and many thought 
 the Polar bears would eat them all. They laughed 
 and talked for half an hour without coming toany 
 regular decision, and thus ended as merry a meet- 
 ing of young people as I can remember. 
 
 Exercises. — 1, Learn to spell the followiiig words: 
 Ingenuity Exercise Replies Retain 
 
 Urchin Judgment Liquorice Twinkling 
 
 Tendency Cautious Differently Decision " 
 
 2. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in paragraph 9, 
 
 3. Add verbs to the following nouns: Man, ilofi, fro(/, bear, 
 fox, cat, rat, cheene. 
 
 4. Make adjectives out of the following nouns: Knot, lead, 
 feather, flour, bear, hog, friend, favor, thought. 
 
146 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 5. Make nouns out of the following adjectives: Black, fat, 
 excellent, odd, hot, yoiuvj, tlioti()fitful, ntrange, different, merry. 
 
 6. Make nouns out of the following verbs: Luuyh, look, an- 
 swer, weigh, amuse, dispose, judge, remember, consider, arrive, 
 reflect, decide, tend. 
 
 7. Explain the following phrases: (1) No one could solve the 
 knotty problem. (2) After consideration he spoke, (3) I never 
 heard a more comical question proposed. (4) They talked for 
 half an hour without coming to any regular decision. 
 
 THE LITTLE IMATCH-GIRL. 
 
 Project'inK, jutting out in f rbnt of. 
 Benumbed', having lost all feeling 
 Transpar'ent, that can be seen 
 through. 
 
 Dec'orated, ornamented. 
 Count'less, not to be numbered. 
 Ra'diance, bright light. 
 Consumed', used up and spent. 
 
 1. It was dreadfully cold ; it snowed, and was 
 beirinnino: to jjrow dark, and it was the last night 
 of the year, too — New-year's Eve. In this cold 
 and darkness, a poor little girl was wandering 
 about the streets with bare head and bare feet. 
 She had slippers on when she left home, but what 
 was the good of them ? ^. They were very large 
 old slippers of her mother's — so large that they 
 fell off the little girl's feet as she hurried across 
 the street to escape two carriages, which came 
 galloping along at u great rate. The one slipper 
 was not to be found, and a boy ran oil' with the 
 other. 
 
 3. So the little girl wandered about barefooted, 
 with a quantity of matches in an old apron, Avhilst 
 she hold -a bun.dlo. of them in her hand. No one 
 had bought any matches of her through the whole 
 
 
THE LITTLE MATCH-Oim 
 
 147 
 
 
 livelong day -no one had given her a single 
 tarthing. Hungry, and pinched" with cold, the 
 poor little girl crept along, the large flakes of snow 
 covering her yellow hair, which curled round her 
 face; but it gave her no comfort to think of 
 that. 
 
 4. In a corner between two houses, one project- 
 ing beyond the other, she sought shelter. Huddlino- 
 herself up, she drew her poor little feet, which 
 were red and blue with cold, under her as well 
 as she could; but she was colder than ever, and 
 dared not go home, for, as she had sold no matches, 
 her cruel father would beat her. 5. Besides it 
 was cold at home, for they lived just under the 
 roof and the wind blew in, though straw and ra-s 
 had been stuffed in the large cracks. Her little 
 hands were quite benumbed with cold. Oh how 
 much good one match would do, if she dared but 
 take It out of the bundle, draw it across the waH 
 and warm her fingers in the flame ! e. She drew 
 one out _ "Ritsh ! " how it sputtered and burned ! 
 It burned with a warm, bright flame, like a candle, 
 and she bent her hand round it : it was a wonder- 
 ful light ! It api)eared to the little girl as if she 
 were sitting before a large iron stove, in which the 
 fire burned brightly, and gave out such comfort 
 and such warmth. She stretched out her feet to 
 warm them, too - but the flame went out, the stove 
 disappeared, and there she sat with a little bit of 
 the burnt-out match in her hand. 
 7. Another was lighted ; it burned, and, where 
 
 m 
 
ill 
 
 148 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 the light fell upon the wall, that became trans- 
 parent, so that she could see into the room. There 
 the table was covered with a cloth of dazzling 
 MI I lite, and with line china ; and a roast goose was 
 viw)king most temptingly upon it. s. But Avhat 
 was still more delightful, the goose sprang down 
 from the table, and with a knife and fork sticking 
 in its back, waddled towards the little girl. Then 
 the match went out, and she saw nothing but the 
 thick, cold wall. 
 
 9. She lighted another ; and now she was sitting 
 under the most splendid Christmas-tree. It was 
 larger and more l)eautifully decorated than the one 
 she had seen at Christmas through the window at 
 the rich merchant's. Hundreds of tapers were 
 burning amongst the green l)ranches, and painted 
 pictures, such as she had seen in the shop- 
 wiudows, looked down upon her. She stretched 
 out both her hands, when the match was burnt out. 
 JO. The countless liijhts rose hi<>her and higher, and 
 she now saw that they Avere the stars, one of which 
 fell, leaviniT a lona: line of li<rht in the sky. 
 
 " Some one is dying now," the little girl said ; 
 for her old grandmother, who alone had loved her, 
 but who was now dead, had told her that when a 
 star fell, a soul took its flight up to heaven. 
 
 11 She drew another match across the wall, and 
 in the liuht it tlirew around stood her old ijrand- 
 mother, so bright, so mild, and so loving. 
 
 "Grandmother/' the little irirl cried. "Oh, take 
 me with you \ 1 know that you will disappear as 
 
 
 c, 
 
THE LITTLE MATGH-GIRL, 
 
 149 
 
 le trans- 
 i. There 
 
 dazzling 
 oose was 
 5ut Avhat 
 ng down 
 
 sticking 
 1. Then 
 
 but the 
 
 IS sitting 
 It was 
 n the one 
 indow at 
 3rs were 
 painted 
 le shop- 
 stretched 
 urnt out. 
 :her, and 
 of which 
 r. 
 
 irl said ; 
 )ved her, 
 when a 
 n. 
 
 ^all, and 
 lI srand- 
 
 Oh, take 
 ippear as 
 
 soon as ihi>, match is l)urnt out, just like the warm 
 stove, the delicious roast goose, aiid the Christmas- 
 tree ! " 12. And hastily she lighted the rest of the 
 matches that remained in the bundle, for \%U, 
 Avished to keep her grandmother with her as \m^. 
 as possible ; and the matches burned so l)ri<rhtly 
 that it was lighter than day. \(>ver before had her 
 grandmother api)eared so l)eautifid and so tall and 
 t^ikmgthe little girl in her arms, in radiance and 
 .loy they flew high, high up into the heavens, where 
 she felt neither cold, nor hunger, nor fear, any 
 more — for they were with God! 
 
 a:M!a«iJi»5jj|jMj| 
 
 13. But, in the corner between the two houses, In 
 the cold morning air, lay the little girl with pale 
 cheeks and smilmg lip.s. yhe was frozen to death 
 
 ■ft 
 
 i : 
 
 W- 
 
150 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 during the last night of the Old Year. The first 
 light of the New Year shone upon the dead l)ody 
 of the little girl, sitting there with the matches, 
 one bundle of which was nearly consumed. " She 
 has been trying to warm herself," people said ; but 
 no one knew what visions she had had, or with 
 what splendor she had entered with her grand- 
 mother into the joys of a New Year. 
 
 n. C. Andersen. 
 
 Questions. — 1. What kind of weather was it when the little 
 match-girl was out ? 2. What time of the year was it ? 3. What 
 had she on her feet ? 4.j How had she lost them ? 5. What 
 had she in her apron ? 6. How many bundles of matches had 
 she sold ? 7. Where did she seek shelter ? 8. How did she feel ? 
 9. Why did she not go home ? 10. Why else ? 11. What did she 
 do with one of the matches ? 12. What did she think she saw ? 
 13. When she lighted another, what did she see ? 14. What did 
 the roast goose do ? 15. When she lighted another, what did 
 she see ? 16. When sl^e lighted still another, whom did she see ? 
 
 17. What did she do with the other matches in the bundle ? 
 
 18. Why did she light so many ? 19. Where did her grand- 
 mother take her? 20. What did the people passing by find 
 next morning ? 21. What did they say ? 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn the spelling of the following words : 
 Beginning Benumbed Decorated 
 
 Galloping Disappeared Remained 
 
 Huddling . Beautifully Radiance 
 
 2. Select the nouns, adjectives, and verbs from paragraph 10. 
 
 3. Add adjectives to the following nouns : Girl, slippers, car- 
 riage, boy, apron, iwxtches. 
 
 4. Add verbs to the following nouns : 
 mother, wind, goose, match. 
 
 5. Turn the following adjectives into noiuis : Dark, heavy, 
 angry, good, long, great. 
 
 6. Explain the following phrases: (1) It was New- Year's Eve. 
 (2) The one house projected beyond the other. (3) Her hands 
 were benumbed with cold. (4.) The Christmas-tree was beauti- 
 fully decorated. 
 
 Girl, father, grand- 
 
giand- 
 
 A NARIWW ESCAPE. 
 
 A NARROW ESCAPE. 
 
 151 
 
 Tra,, foal, fatal or deadly. 
 
 August', to be highly reverenced 
 (only applied to kings and em- 
 perors), 
 
 Oommun'ioated, told. 
 
 Rel'i-eff, (a trisyllable). 
 
 For'inidable, to be greatly feared. 
 
 Mafntsined', kept up. 
 
 Urban'ity, civility. 
 
 Dol'orous, sad. 
 
 Assume,' put on. 
 
 Nat'uralized, taken under the 
 laws and into the privileges of 
 his new country, | 
 
 Calum'niated, spoken 111 of. 
 Knout, a heavy whip, under which 
 
 sutterers have sometimes died. 
 Profound', deep. 
 Assass'inate, murder. 
 Renounce', give up. 
 Repair'ing, going. 
 Anal'ojcy, likeness. 
 Per'emptory, requiring immediate 
 
 execution. 
 Emphat'io, full of stress. 
 Orav'ity, seriousness. 
 Vice (a Latin word), in the place 
 
 of. 
 
 1. The death of the famous dog Sutherland — 
 so named after the Englishman who had made a 
 gift of him to the Empress Catherine II. of Russia 
 — nearly caused a tragical mistake, in so far as it 
 nearly cost the donor, a celebrated banker, his life. 
 The occurrence took place at St. Petersburg. 
 
 2. One morning, at daybreak, Mr. Suth'^rland, 
 the gentleman who had presented the dog to the 
 Empress, and who was consequently a lavorite 
 with that august personage — was suddenly awak- 
 ened by his man-servant. 
 
 'Sir," said the footman, "your house is sur- 
 rounded with guards, and the chief of the police 
 demands to speak to you." 
 
 3. "What does he want with me?" exclaimed 
 the banker, as he leaped from his bed, somewhat 
 startled by this announcement. 
 
 ^ " I do not know, sir," answered the footman ; 
 'but It appears that it is a matter of the highest 
 
152 
 
 THIRD READER, 
 
 importance, and that it can only be communicated 
 to you personally." 
 
 "Show him in/' said Mr. Sutherland, as he 
 hastily donned his dressing-gfown. 
 
 4. The footman closed the door, left, and returned 
 some Minutes afterwards with His Excellency Mr. 
 Keliefi', upon whose face the banker read at the 
 first irlance some formidable intellij^ence. The 
 worthy l)anker, however, maintained his calmness, 
 and welcoming the chief of police with his usual 
 urbanity, presented hnn with a seat. b. His Ex- 
 cellency, however, remained standing, and in a 
 tone the most dolorous which it was possible to 
 assume, said : 
 
 "Mr. Sutherland, believe me when 1 assure you 
 that I ani truly grieved to have been chosen by 
 Her Majesty, my very gracious sovereign, to carry 
 out an order, the severity of which afflicts me ; 
 but which has Avithout doubt been provoked by 
 some great crime." 
 
 6. " By some great crime, Your Excellency ! " 
 exclaimed the banker. " And who then has com- 
 mitted tli'^ crime?" 
 
 "You, doubtless, sir, since it is upon you that 
 the punishment is to fall." 
 
 " Sir, I swear to you that I know not of any 
 reproach with which to charge myself as a subject 
 of our sovereign ; for I am a naturalized Russian, 
 as you must know." 
 
 "And it is precisely, sir, because you are a 
 naturalized Russian that your position is terrible. 
 
A NAlilWlV EtiCAl'E. 
 
 153 
 
 f " 
 
 If you had rcinained a subject of His Britannic 
 Majesty, you would have been able to call in the 
 aid of the Kuirlish consul, and escape thus perhaps 
 the rigor of the order which J am, to my very 
 great regret, charged to execute." 
 
 7. "Tell me then, Your Excellency, what is this 
 order?" 
 
 " O sir, never shall I have the strength to make 
 it known to you." 
 
 " Have I lost the good graces of Her Majesty ? " 
 
 " Oh, if it were only that ! " 
 
 "Is it a question to force me to leave at once for 
 England?" 
 
 " O no ; even that must not be." 
 
 8. "Sir! you terrify me. Have you, then, an 
 order to send me to Siberia? "' 
 
 "Siberia, sir, ir a fine country, but it has been 
 much calumniated. Besides, pe»)ple return from it." 
 
 " Am I condemned to })rison ? " 
 
 " The prison is nothing. Prisoners come out of 
 prison." 
 
 " Sir, sir I " cried the banker, more and more 
 shaken with terror, " am I destined to the knout ? " 
 
 " The knout is a j)unishment very grievous ; but 
 the knout does not kill." 
 
 " Miserable fate ! " said Sutherland, terrified. " I 
 see indeed that it is a matter of death." 
 
 9. " And what a death ! " exckimed the master 
 of the police, whilst ho solemnly raised his eyes 
 With an expression of the most profound j)ity. 
 
 " How ! what a death I 
 
 Is it not enough to kill 
 
154 
 
 II ' 
 
 im. 
 
 THllW HEADER. 
 
 me without trial, to jiHHiiHHinatc mo without cause! 
 Catherine orders, yet" 
 
 "Ahis! yes, she ordri-H" 
 
 " Well, speak, sir ! What does she order? I 
 am a man ; 1 have courage. Sp(!ak ! " 
 
 "Alas ! my dear sir, she orders If it had 
 
 not been by herself that the coiniuand had been 
 given, 1 declare to you, my dear Mr. Sutherland, 
 that I would not have believed it." 
 
 "But you make me die a thousand times. Let 
 me know, sir, what has she ordered you to do ? " 
 
 " She has ordered mo to have you stuffed ! " 
 
 10. The poor banker uttcu-ed a cry of distress ; 
 then looking the chief of police in the face, said : 
 " But, Your Excellency, it is monstrous what you 
 say to me ; you must have lost your reason." 
 
 "No, sir; I have noi; lost my reason ; but I shall 
 certainly lose it during the operation." 
 
 " But how have you — you who have said you 
 are my friend a hundred tinu^s— you, in short, to 
 whom I have had the honor to render certain 
 services — how have you, I say, received such an 
 order without endeavoring to r;!present the bar- 
 barity of it to Her Majesty?" 
 
 11. "Alas! sir, I have done what I could, and 
 certainly what no one would have (hired to do in 
 my place. I besought Ilcr Majesty to renounce 
 her design, or at least to ch:u'g(! another iban my- 
 self with the execution of it; and that with tears 
 in my eyes. But iier Miijosty said to me with 
 that voice which you know well, and which does 
 
 o 
 
 11 
 
 tl 
 
 Vi 
 
 Vi 
 
 ^Qhl 
 
A NAllHOW ESCAPE. inn 
 
 not admit of a reply : 'Go, sir, and do not for^rot 
 that It IS your duty to ac(juit yourself witlioul n 
 murmur of the commissions with which I clmr<re 
 you.' " =" 
 
 12. " And then ! " 
 
 "Then," said the master of the police, "I lost no 
 tmie in repairin<r to a very clever naturalist who 
 stufts animals for the Academy of Sciences ; for 
 in short, since there was no alternative, I deemed 
 It only proper, and out of respect for your feelin^r.s 
 that you should he stuffed in the best manner 
 possible." 
 
 13. " And the w^-otch li;is ccmsented ? " 
 
 "He referred me to his colleague, who stuffs 
 apes, and who has studied tiie anai.'.iry between the 
 human species and tin; monkev tribe " 
 
 "Well?" 
 
 " Well, sir, he awaits you." 
 
 "How! he awaits me! But is the order so 
 peremptory ? " 
 
 "Not^an instant must be lost, my dear sir; the 
 order of Her Majesty does not admit of delay." 
 
 u. " Without -rantnio: me time to put my affairs 
 in order? But it is impossible ! " 
 
 "Alas ! it is but too true, sir." 
 
 "But you will allow me first to write a letter to 
 the Empress ? " 
 
 " I know not if I ought ; my instructions were 
 very emphatic." 
 
 " Listen ! It is a last favor, a favor which is not 
 refused to the greatest culprit. I entreat it of you." 
 
ir)»; 
 
 riiiKh It kadi: n. 
 
 ti • 
 
 ' I'.iit i( is my silimlion uliidi I risk." 
 "And it is my li(o Nviiicii is at stake." 
 "Well, write; I ix-rmij it. Jlouevor, I must 
 inform yon that I rannot leave you a sin<Me in- 
 stant." 
 
 "Thanks, thtmks. Pray, r('<juest one of your 
 officers ♦(» come, that h(( may eonvey my letter." 
 
 i.^'- The chicl-of-polici. caMed a lieutenant of th. 
 Koyal (iuards, deli\ red to him the hotter of poor 
 Sutherland, and onh-red jum to brini^ back an 
 answer to it inuiuuliuti.jy. Teji mimiles after- 
 wards, the lieutenaht returned with an order to 
 brino: the bank.r, to the imperial palace. It was 
 all that i\w. sud'erer desired. 
 
 .o. A earria<>(( stood at the irate. Mr. Sutner- 
 land entered it, and the lieutenant seated himself 
 beside him. Five mimiles afterwards they were at 
 the palace, when* Catherine waited. They intro- 
 duced the condemned man to her presence, and 
 found Her Maj(>sty in convulsions of laughter. 
 
 IT. It was for SutluM'land now to believe her mad. 
 He threw himself at her fe<'t, and seizing her hand 
 in his, exclaimed: "Mercy, madame ! In the 
 name of heaven, have; mercy on me ; or at the 
 least tell mo for what crime I have deserved a 
 punishment so horrible." 
 
 " But, my dear Mr. SuthcM-land," replied Catherine 
 with all the gravity sIh^ c(Mdd connnand, "this 
 matter does not concuu'u you at all ! " 
 
 "How, "^'onr Majc^ity, is it not a matter con- 
 
 eenung me ? 
 
 Then whom (hen it concern?" 
 
A NMUIOW ESCAPE. 
 
 157 
 
 !«■ " Wliv, llic (loir of (■()urs(f that you «rjivo nie. 
 IIo (liod yostorday of indiircstion. "tIioii, in my 
 jrriof at this loss, and in my very natural desire to 
 preserve at least his skin, I ordered that o(„).se 
 Keiielf to come to me, and said to him : ' Mv. Re- 
 lioff, I have to re(iuest tiiat you will have Suther- 
 land innnediately stuffed.' As he hesitated, I 
 thou^jrht that he was ashamed of such a conunis- 
 sion: whereupon I, became aniiry and dismissed 
 hnn on his errand." 
 
 !!•• '' Weil, madame," answered the hanker, " you 
 can l)oast that yon have in the head of the police a 
 faithful servant; but at another time, I earnestly 
 entreat of you, explain better to him the orders 
 which he receives." 
 
 The four-footed Sutherland was duly promoted 
 to a glass case, vicQ the banker — relieved. 
 
 Alexander Dumas. 
 
158 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 ZLOBANE. 
 
 r h 
 
 Sup'ple, active, easily bent. 
 Assega'is, sliovt spears. 
 Ser'ried, close, crowded. 
 Unblenoh'ing, steady. 
 
 Cres'cent, anything shaped like 
 
 the new moon. 
 Sono'rous, loud-sounding. 
 
 1. As swayeth in the summer wind 
 
 The close and stalwart grain, 
 So moved the serried Zulu shields 
 That day on wild Zlobane ; 
 
 2. The Avliite shield of the husband, 
 
 AVho hath twice need of life, 
 The black shield of the young chief, 
 Who hath not yet a wife. 
 
 3. Unreckiug harm, the liritish lay, 
 
 Secure as if they sle})t, 
 '^^'llilc close on front and cither think 
 Tiic live, black crescent crept. 
 
 4. 
 
 Then l)urst their wild and frightful cry, 
 
 l"})on the British ears. 
 AViih whirr of bullets, glare of shields, 
 
 And tlash of Zulu spears. 
 
 Uprose the British ; in the shock 
 
 Keeled l)ut an instant ; then 
 Shoulder to shoulder, faced the foo, 
 
 And met their doom like men. 
 
 r>. ]5ut one Avas tlierc whose heart was torn, 
 In a more awful strife ; 
 
ZLOBANE. 
 
 159 
 
 Jhaped like 
 ing. 
 
 cry, 
 Is, 
 
 s torn, 
 
 t'ATiiEK, I'll die avitii you." 
 
ii'^.:: 
 
 lilO 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 He had the soldier's steady nerve, 
 And calm disdain of life ; 
 
 7. Yet now, half turning from the fray, 
 
 Knee smitiii": against knee, 
 He scanned the hills, if yet were left 
 An open way to flee. 
 
 8. Not for himself. His little son, 
 
 Scarce thirteen summers born, 
 With hair that shone upon his brows 
 Like tassels of the corn, 
 
 9. And lips yet curled in that sweet pout 
 
 Shaped by the mother's breast. 
 Stood by his side, and silently 
 To his brave father pressed. 
 
 10. The horse stood nigh ; the father kissed, 
 
 And tossed the boy astride. 
 
 "Farewell ! " he cried, " and for thy life. 
 
 That way, my darling, ride ! " 
 
 11. Scarce touched the saddle ere the boy 
 
 Leaped lightly to the ground. 
 
 And smote the horse upon its flank. 
 
 That Avith a quivering l)ound 
 
 12. It sprang and galloped for the hills, 
 
 AVith one sonorous neigh ; 
 
 The fire flashed where its spurning feet 
 
 Clanged o'er the stony way. 
 
 13. " Father, I'll die with you ! " The sire 
 
 As this he saw and heard, 
 
 1 
 
161 
 
 15. 
 
 ZLODANE. 
 
 Turned, and stood broathless in the joy 
 And pung that knows no word. 
 
 14. Once, each, as do long knitted friends, 
 Upon the other smiled, 
 And then — he had but time to give 
 A weapon to the child 
 
 Ere, leaping o'er the British dead, 
 
 Tlie supple Zulus drew 
 The cruel assegais, and rirst 
 
 The younger hero slew. 
 
 16. Still grew the father's heart, his eye 
 
 Bright with unflickering flame ; 
 Five Zulus bit the dust in death 
 By his unblenchingaim. 
 
 17. Then, covered Avith uncounted wounds, 
 
 lie sank beside his child, 
 And they who found them say, in death 
 Each on the other smiled! 
 
 XoTKs. 1 Tho Zulus are a tribe in South Africa ^vitll 
 V honi tlio IJntisli Avere at war in 1879. Tliey surprised and 
 *l<^foated tlu> IJritish soldiers on several occasions 
 
 2. Married Zulus caro-y white shields, and those who are sin- 
 gle carry black ones. 
 
 ;]. Zlohmw is tlie name of the mountain wliicli was taken by 
 
 he „>Sth of March. 1S7!). On the top of this mountain the vic- 
 torious Enghsh troops lay down to rest, and were surprised 
 and surrounded by the Zulus. Of the whole British corps only 
 one captain and six me,, escaped. Colonel Weatherly tried to 
 mduce Ills little son, only twelve years of age, to escape on 
 horseback He eaped from the horse, exclaiming, "Father, 
 1 II die with you." 
 
 ExEKciSE. — Write this story in prose. 
 
 'M 
 
 ';i| 
 
162 
 
 TniRl} READER. 
 
 JAin.';S CAUTIKK. 
 
 CANADA'S PROGRESS. 
 
 UntiU'ed, not cultivated. 
 Fersist'ent, <!oiistiiiit. 
 Mar'itime, ifliiting to the sea. 
 
 Confedera'ticn, states or provin- 
 ces uuitcil. 
 
 Col'ony. a country (k'liendent on 
 its motherland. 
 
 1. Till the year ir)o5 no Avhito man had sailed 
 up the St. I.a'A'renec river. The Avhole of the vast 
 country now called tlu^ Dominion of Canada Avas 
 inha])ited by Indians, who were divided into three 
 tribes, the Aljron'iuii's ''^- Ilurons, and the Iro- 
 quois. 2. They w(mv : va.ues, whose ehief 
 occupations were war .xd hunting. The whole 
 
CANADA'S I'liOOIiESS. 
 
 lf)3 
 
 country from ocean to ocean, and from the jrreat 
 lakes northward, was anuntillcd wilderness, ohieflv 
 covered with trackless forests. 3. Cartier ascended 
 the river as far as Montreal, but for about seventy 
 years the French made no settlements in Canada. 
 It is d()ul)tful whether they ever Avould have planted 
 any permanent colony in the country but for the 
 persistent energy of one man, Sanuiel Champlain. 
 
 unt-vi 
 
 SAjriTL riiAMPi.Arx. 
 
 4. For nearly thirty years he devoted himself to 
 explorino- th(^ new territory, and founding trading- 
 posts at the most suital)le places. He" founded, 
 among other places, Quebo- and Annapolis . VoA 
 Rental). 5. Even when the country was taken 
 from him by the English in 1 (529, he remained 
 
I! i 
 
 164 
 
 TUIIW READER. 
 
 true to its interests. 11k Frenc]j kin; .I'onld not 
 have asked for its rctuin, had it not Imm'ti for the 
 eloquent ni\(\ persistent pleading of Champlain. 
 
 0. The French king allowed a company of mer- 
 ciiants to take control of the eonntiy until 1663, 
 when he took cliarge of it himself. The country 
 at this time was di^ ided into lvo parts, Acadie 
 and Quebec. 7. ,\c;idie w i : the name given to 
 Nova Scotia and the neighboring territory ; Que- 
 bec included the present province of that name, 
 together with Ontario and a part of the United 
 States. Acadie passed into the hands of the 
 British just fifty years after the French king took 
 direct control of it, 'uid the rest of Canada was 
 given up exactly fifty years later. The country 
 has remained a British colony from 1763 to the 
 present time. 
 
 8. During the French period the country made 
 little true progress. Nearly one hundred and 
 sixty years had passed from the time Champlain 
 besran his work of settlement until the British 
 took possession, yet the entire population at the 
 close of the French period only amounted to 
 ninety thousand, or about the same as the present 
 (1881) population of the city of Toronto alone. 
 
 9. During most of the French period the col- 
 onists were disturbed l)y wars with the Indians, 
 and with the English settlers to the south of them. 
 Indeed but for the timely arrival of the brave 
 Frontcnac, the Indi at one time would have 
 driven the French e\ ■^. .^.y out of Canada. 
 
CANADA'H PROGRESS. 
 
 105 
 
 brave 
 
 10. The progress made under the Jiritish has been 
 reniarkal)le. In a little over one hundred years, 
 the vast Avildcrness has Ix^come a united confed- 
 eration stretching from the Atlantic to the PaciHc ; 
 the government of the country has been sctthul 
 on u firm basis that gives to every subject the fidlest 
 degree of liberty and security ; religious freedom 
 has been granted to every sul)ject ; an educational 
 system has been estal)lished which is unsurpassed 
 in any hind ; the population has increased to nearly 
 five millions ; and her commerce has grown with 
 such marvellous rapidity that Canada is to-day 
 fifth in the list of nations as a maritime power. 
 11. Every one in Canada, Avhether it ])e his native 
 or his adopted country, may well be proud of the 
 land in Avhich he lives. The emblems of his na- 
 tion, the maple leaf and the l)eaver, should always 
 be dear to him, and remind him of the many du- 
 ties he owes to the country which he calls his own. 
 Canadian boys and girls, be their position high or 
 humble, should aim to make their country iTctter 
 and more prosperous. With loyal sons and daugh- 
 ters, with a high standard for public and private 
 morals, and with superior educational advantages 
 free to all, the Dominion must have a brilliant 
 future. 
 
 Questions. -1. Who first sailed up the St. Lawrence? 2. 
 When ? 3. Who may be regarded as the real founder of Can- 
 ada ? 4. When did the British obtain control of Acadie? of 
 Quebec ? 5. What was the entire population of Canada at the 
 close of the French perio.l ? 0. What is it now !• 7. What are 
 the national emblems of Canada ? 
 
166 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 ii I 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Learn to spell the following M'ords: 
 Inhabited Occnpations Territory Security 
 
 SavaR-^s "Wild(!rness 
 
 Dominion Pennanent 
 I'rosperous Superior 
 
 2. Write from dictation: 
 
 Suitable Keli.!j;ious 
 
 Confederation Maritime 
 Advantages Brilliant 
 
 An educational si/stem has been established which is 
 unsurpassed in any land ; the po2yulation has in- 
 creased to nearly Jive millions ; and her commerce 
 has grown with such marvellous rapidity that Can- 
 ada is to-day fifth in the list of nations as a mari- 
 time jwioer. 
 
 3. Point out the nouns, adjectives, and verbs in sections G, 7, 
 and 8. 
 
 4. Make nouns from the following adjectives and verbs: 
 Brilliant, vast, cliief, trackless, permanent, jiersistent, devoted, 
 founded, remained, vnited, settled, maritime, remind, prosper- 
 ous. 
 
 5. Write sentences about war, hunting, Chumplain, loilder- 
 ness. 
 
 6. Draw the following figure according to the instructions in 
 " A Drawing Lesson," page 73: 
 
£XCELSIOIi. 
 
 1(57 
 
 EXCELSIOR. 
 
 1. The shades of niVht were fallinir fast, 
 As throuirh an Al})ino villa.iro passed 
 A youth, who boro, 'mid snow and ice, 
 A banner with the strano-e device. 
 
 Excelsior ! 
 
 2. His brow was sad ; his eye beneath, 
 Fhished like a falchion "from its sheath, 
 And like a silver clarion rnnir 
 
 The accents of that unkiiow n ton<rue. 
 Excelsior ! 
 
I(i8 
 
 Til I III) llh'ADKIi. 
 
 m 
 
 3. Tn liai)py lionics Ik- hjiw flio li«rlit 
 
 Ol' liouschold liivs n-|,.„|„ wanii 1111(1 hnoht; 
 Above, the .spcctnil ^^Hiicicrs nIiouc, 
 Aaa i'loni his hp^ cscnped a frroan, 
 lOxcclsior 1 
 
 4. "Try not tho pasH ! " the ohl man said ; 
 "Dark lowers the tcmiH'st. overhead, 
 The roariiio- torrent, is (h-ep and wide ! " 
 And loud that clarion voice replied, 
 
 Excelsior I 
 
 5. "O stay," the maiden said, "and rest 
 Thy weary head upon (his breast!" 
 A tear stood in hin bn^iit blue eye, 
 But still he answered with a si«.h, 
 
 Kxcelsioi" ! 
 
 6. "Beware the pine-tree's withered branch ! 
 Beware the awful avalaiu he ! " 
 
 This was the ix-asant's last ;;ood-ni<^ht, 
 V voice replied, far up the lieight, 
 Kx' clsior 1 
 
 7. At break ()■' (lay, as heavenward 
 The {)ious njonks of Saint Uernard 
 Uttered the oft-rep<'at<' I prayer, 
 
 A voice cried throuj.di the startled air, 
 Excelsior ? 
 
 s. A traveller, by the faithfid hoinv], 
 Ilaii-buried in the snow was found, 
 
EXCELSIOR. 
 
 Still rjraspinff in his hand of ice 
 That hniiner with tlu> straii<ro dovice, 
 Exccifjiur I 
 
 169 
 
 There in the twilior'nt cold ;« ><! oray, 
 Lifeless, \)\\\ beaiililul, he lay. 
 And from the sky, seren." and tar, 
 A voice fell, like a fallin<i star, 
 Excelsior ! 
 
 Lonofcflow. 
 
170 
 
 TlintD HEADER. 
 
 I \ 
 
 
 THE DKATII OF AVOLFE. 
 
 1. The eventful ni«;ht of the twelfth was clear 
 and c'jilni, with no li,Lrht but that of the stars. 
 AVithin two hours hefore da3l)reak, thirty l)oats, 
 
"^^ -■ * 
 
 s , 
 
 
 
 ras clear 
 hfi stars, 
 ly boats, 
 
 TffE DEATH OF WOLFE. 
 
 171 
 
 crowded with sixteen liimdrcd soldiers, cast off 
 from the vessels, and iloated downward, in perfect 
 order, with th(! ciirrent of the ehl) tide. To the 
 boundless Joy of the anny, Wolfe's malady had 
 abated, and he was able to connnand in person. 
 His ruined lu'alth, the •rloomy {)n)siieets of the 
 siege, and tiio disaster at Montmorenei, had op- 
 pressed him with the deei)est mehmeholy, but 
 never im[)aired for a moment the i)r()mi)tness of 
 his decisions, or the impetuous energy of his action. 
 i-". He sat in tiie stern of one of the boats, pale 
 and Aveak, l)ut borne uj) to a calm height of reso- 
 lution. E\ciy order had been given, every ar- 
 rangement made, and it only remained to face the 
 issue. The el)bing tide sulliced to bear the boats 
 along, and notliing broke the silence of the night 
 but the gurgling of the river, and the low voice 
 of Wolfe, as he repeated to the officers about him 
 the stanzas of Gray's "Elegy in a Country Church- 
 yard," which had reeently appeared, and Avhich he 
 had just received from England. 
 
 3. Perhaps as he uttered those strangely appro- 
 priate words, — 
 
 ♦'The paths of gloiy lead |3ut to the grave," 
 
 the shadows of his own approaching fate stole with 
 mournful propheciy across his mind. " Gentlemen ," 
 he said, as he closed his recital, " I Avould rather 
 have written those lines than take Quebec to- 
 moriow." 
 
 4. As they approached the landing-place, the 
 
172 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 h 
 
 boats edited closer in towards the northern shore, 
 and the Avoody preeipices rose liiifh on their left, 
 like a wall of undistinguished 1)laekness. 
 
 '^Qui vive?" shouted a French sentinel, from out 
 the impervious <rloom. 
 
 "La France r' answered a captain of Eraser's 
 Iliirhlanders, from the foremost boat. 
 
 5. As l)oats were frequently passing down the 
 river with supplies for the garrison, and as a con- 
 voy from Bougainville was expected that vary 
 night, the sentinel was deceived, and allowed the 
 English to proceed. 
 
 A few moments after, they were challenged 
 again, and this time they could discern the soldier 
 running close down to the water's Gd^c, as if all 
 his suspicions were aroused ; Init the skilful replies 
 of the Highlander once more saved the party from 
 discovery. 
 
 6. They reached the landing-place in safety, — 
 an indentation in the shore, about a l(\;gue abo^^e 
 the city, and now l)earing the name of Wolfe's 
 Cove. Here a narrow path led up the face of the 
 heights, and a French guard Avas posted at the top 
 to defend the pass. By the force of the current, 
 the foremost boats, including that Avhich carried 
 Wolfe himself, were l)orne a little below the spot. 
 The general Avas one of the first on shore. He 
 looked upward at the rugged heights which tow- 
 ered above him in the gloom. " You can try it," 
 he coolly observed to an officer near him ; " but 
 1 don't think you'll get up." 
 
THE DEATH OF WOLFE. 
 
 173 
 
 m shore, 
 heir left, 
 
 from out 
 
 Phraser's 
 
 (own the 
 as a con- 
 liat very 
 )wed the 
 
 lallenpfcd 
 e soklier 
 as if all 
 il replies 
 ity from 
 
 afery, — 
 •le aboA^e 
 V:olfe's 
 ^e of the 
 fc the top 
 current, 
 I carried 
 the spot, 
 •re. He 
 ich tow- 
 try it," 
 n; "but 
 
 "• At the point where the Higlilanders landed, 
 one of their captains, Donald xMacdonald, appar- 
 ently the same whose presence of mind had just 
 saved the enterprise from ruin, was climbinc. in 
 advance of his men, when he was challenoed by a 
 sentiiiel. He replied in French, by declarinc. that 
 he had been sent to relieve the -uard, and orderin<r 
 the soldier to withdraw. Before the latter wa^^ 
 undeceived, a crowd of Highlanders were close at 
 hand, while the steeps below were thron.red with 
 eager climl)er8, dragging themsehes u]) by trees 
 roots, and bushes, s. The guard turned out, and 
 made a brief, though brave resistance. In a 
 moment, they were cut to pieces, dispersed, or 
 made pnsoners ; while men after men came swarm- 
 ing up the height, and quickly formed upon the 
 plains above. Meanwhile, the vessels had dropped 
 downward with the current, and anchored opposite 
 the landmg-place. The remaining troops were dis- 
 embarked, and, with the dawn of day, the whole 
 were brought in safety to the shore. 
 
 9. The sun rose, and, from the ramparts of 
 Quebec the astonished people saw the Plains 
 of Abraham glittering with arms, and the dark-red 
 hues of the English forming in array of battle, 
 iircathless messengers had borne the evil tidino-s to 
 Montcalm, and, far and near, his wide-extended 
 camp resounded with the rolling of alarm-drums 
 and the dm of startled preparation, lo. He, too, 
 had had his struggles and hi. sorrows. The civil 
 power had thwarted him; famine, discontent, and 
 
174 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 disaffection were rife among his soldiers; and no 
 small portion of the Canadian militia had dispersed 
 from sheer starvation. In spite of all, he had 
 trusted to hold out till the winter frosts should 
 drive the invaders from before the town ; when, 
 on that disastrous morning, the news of their suc- 
 cessful temerity fell like a cannon-shot upon his 
 ear. Still he assumed a tone of confidence. "Tliey 
 have got to the weak side of us at last," he is re- 
 ported to have said, " and we must crush them 
 w^ith our numbers.!' ii. With headlong haste, his 
 troops were pouring over the bridge of the St.,, 
 Charles, and gathering in heavy masses under the 
 western ramparts of the town. Could numbers 
 give assurance of success, their triumph Avould 
 have been secure ; for five French battalions and 
 the armed colonial peasantry amounted in all to 
 more than seven thousand five hundred men. Full 
 in sight before them stretched the long, thin lines 
 of the British forces, — the Highlanders, the 
 steady soldiery of England, and the hardy levies 
 of • the provinces, — less than five thousand in 
 number, but all inured to battle, and strong in the 
 full assurance of success. 
 
 12. It was nine o'clock, and the adverse armies 
 stood motionless, each gazing on the other. The 
 clouds hung low, and, at intervals, warm light 
 shoAvers descended, besprinkling l)oth alike. The 
 coppice and cornfields in front of the British troops 
 were filled with French sharpshooters, who kept 
 up a distant, spattering fire. Here and there a 
 
! ; and no 
 
 dispersed 
 [, he had 
 ts should 
 n ; when, 
 their suc- 
 upon his 
 3. "They 
 ' he is re- 
 lish them 
 haste, his 
 f tlie St.,. 
 under the 
 
 numbers 
 ih. would 
 lions and 
 
 in all to 
 len. Full 
 thin lines 
 ders, the 
 fdy levies 
 )usand in 
 )ng in the 
 
 'se armies 
 ler. The 
 irm light 
 ke. The 
 ish troops 
 who kept 
 1 there u 
 
 THE DEATH OF WOLFE. 
 
 175 
 
 soldier fell in the ranks, and the gap was filled in 
 silence. 
 
 13. At a little before ten, the British could see 
 that Montcalm was preparing to advance, and, in 
 a few moments, all his troops appeared in rapid 
 motion. They came on in three divisions, shoutino- 
 after the manner of their nation, and firing heavily 
 as soon as they came within range. In the British 
 ranks not a trigger was pulled, not a soldier 
 stn-red ; and their ominous composure seemed to 
 damp the spirits of the assailants. It was not till 
 the French were within forty yards that the fatal 
 word was given, and the British muskets blazed 
 forth at once in one crashing explosion. i4. Like 
 a ship at full career, arrested witli sudden ruin on a 
 sunken rock, the ranks of Montcalm staggered, 
 shivered, and broke before tiiat wasting stan of 
 lead. The smoke, roiling jilong the field, for a 
 moment shut out tlie view ; but when the white 
 wreaths were scattered on the wind, a wretched 
 spectacle was disclosed ; men and oflScers tuml)led 
 m heaps, battalions resolved into a mob, order and 
 obedience gone; and when the British muskets 
 were levelled for a second volley, the nasses of the 
 mihtia were seen to cower and shrink with uncon- 
 trollable panic. 15. For a few minutes, the Frencii 
 regulars stood their groimd, returning a sharp and 
 not ineffectual fire. But no^^-, echoinir cheer on 
 cheer, redoubling volley on volley, tramplinsr the 
 dying and the dead, and driving the fudtivcs in 
 crowds, the British troops advanced and s^wept the 
 
i76 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 
 field before them. The iirdor of the men burst all 
 restraint. They broke into a run, and with un- 
 sparing slaizghter chased the flyino- muUitude to 
 the gates of Quebec. Foremost of all, the light- 
 footed Higlilanders dashed along in furious pursuit, 
 hewing down the Frenchmen with their broad- 
 swords, and slaying many in the \ ry ditch of Mie 
 fortifications. Never was victory more quick or 
 more decisive. 
 
 16. In the short action and pursuit, the French 
 lost fifteen hundred men, killed, wounded, and 
 taken. Of the remainder, some escaped within 
 the city, and others fled across the St. Charles to 
 rejoin their conn-ades who had been left to guard 
 the camp. The pursuers Avere recalled by sound 
 of trumpet; the broken ranks were formed afresh, 
 and the English troops Avithdrawn beyond reach 
 of the cannon of Quebec. Bougainville, with 
 his corps, arrived from the upper country, and 
 hovering about their rear, threatened an attack; 
 but when he saw what greeting was prepared 
 for him, he abandoned his purpose and withdrew. 
 17. Townshend and iMurray, the onlj general officers 
 Avho remained unhurt, passed to the head of every 
 regiment in turn, and thanked the soldiers for the 
 bravery they had shown ; yet the triumph of the 
 victors was mingled with sadness, as the tidings 
 went from rank to rank that Wolfe had fallen. 
 
 18. In the heat of the action, as he advanced at 
 the head of the grenadiers of Louisl)urg, a bullet 
 shattered his -, rist ; but he wrapped his handker- 
 
burst all 
 with un- 
 titude to 
 be light- 
 i pursuit, 
 I' broad- 
 •h of +he 
 luick or 
 
 3 French 
 led, and 
 i within 
 liarles to 
 to guard 
 )y sound 
 1 afresh, 
 id reach 
 le, with 
 br} , and 
 
 attack ; 
 H-epared 
 ithdrew. 
 1 officers 
 if every 
 J for thp 
 I of the 
 
 tidings 
 Icn. 
 
 meed at 
 a bullet 
 andker- 
 
 TIIE DEATH OF WOLFE. 177 
 
 chief about the wound, and showed no sign of jiain. 
 A moment more, and a ball pierced his side. Still 
 he pressed forward, waving his sword and cheerincr 
 his soldiers to the attack, when a third shot lodo-ed 
 deep within his breast. lie paused, reeled, and, 
 staggering to one side, fell to the earth. 19. Brown 
 a lieutenant of the grenadiers, Henderson, a volun- 
 teer, an officer of artillery, and a private soldier, 
 raised him together in their arms, and, ])earinghim 
 to the rear, laid him softly on the grass. They 
 asked if he would have a surgeon ; but ho shook 
 his head, and answered that all Avas over with him. 
 Ills eyes closed with the torpor of approaching 
 death, and those around sustained his tainting forim 
 Yet they could not witlihold their gaze from the 
 wild turmoil before them, and tiie charging vanks 
 of their companions rushing through tire and 
 smoke. 20. "See how they run," one of the officers 
 exclaimed, as the French fled in confusion before 
 the levelled i)ayonets. "Who run?" demanded 
 AVolfe, opening his eyes like a man aroused from 
 sleep. " The enemy, sir," was the reply ; " they 
 give way everyvhere." "Then," said the dyino- 
 general, " tell Colonel Burton to march Webb's 
 regiment down to Charles River, to cut off" their 
 retreat from the bridge. Now, God be praised, I 
 will die in peace," he murmured ; and, turnincr on 
 his side, he calmly breathed his last. ° 
 
 21. Almost at the same moment fell his great 
 adversary, Monlt-ahn, as ho strove, Avith vain brav- 
 ery, to rally his shattered ranks. Struck down 
 
178 
 
 Tllllil) READER. 
 
 Avith a mortal wound, he was placed upon a litter, 
 and borne to the General Hospital on the banks of 
 the St. Charles. The surgeons told him that he 
 could not recover. " I am glad of it," was his 
 calm rei)]y. He then asked how Ions he micrht 
 survive, and was told that he had not many hours 
 remaining. " So much the better," he said ; " I am 
 happy that I shall not live to see the surrender of 
 Quebec." 22. Officers from the garrison came to 
 his bedside to ask his orders and instructions. " I 
 will give no more ■ orders," replied the defeated 
 soldier; "I have nmch business that must beat- 
 tended to, of greater moment than your ruined 
 garrison and this wretched country. My time is 
 very short ; therefore, pray leave me." 
 
 23. The victorious army encamped before Quebec, 
 and pushed their preparations for the siege with 
 zealous energy ; but before a single gun was 
 brought to bear, the white flag was hung out, and 
 the garrison surrendered. On the eighteenth of 
 September, 1759, the rock-built citadel of Canada 
 passed for ever from the hands of its ancient mas- 
 ters. Parkman. 
 
 Questions. — 1. Who commanded the British at the capture 
 of Quebec in 1759 ? 2. Who commanded the French ? 3. 
 What was the fate of both commanders ? 4. From wliat side 
 did the British attac k Quebec '.* 5. What name is given to the 
 heiglits on which tlie battle was fought ? 6. What poem did 
 Wolfe n»cite while floating down the river ? 7. How often was 
 Wolfe shot in the engagement ? 8. Did the French tvor re- 
 take Quebec ? y. What were Wolfe's dyin.; words? 10, What 
 is meant by •■ hanging out the white liag? " 
 
THE THREE COPECKS. 
 
 179 
 
 THE THREE COPECKS. 
 
 Benedic'tion, a blessing. 
 Or'phaned, without parents. 
 Ver'ger, a church otMcer. 
 
 1. 
 
 j Alma, gifts for the poor. 
 Oal'low, without feathers. 
 Dea'olate, lonely. 
 
 Crouched low in a sordid chiiinber, 
 AMth u cupboard of empty shelves, 
 
 Half starved, and, alas ! unable, 
 To comfort or help themselves, 
 
 2. Two children were left forsaken, 
 All or])haned of mortal care ; 
 But with spirits too close to Heaven 
 To be tainted by Earth's despair,— 
 
 i Alone in that crowded city. 
 
 Which shines like an Arctic star, 
 X^ the banks of the frozen Neva, 
 In the realm of the mighty Czar. 
 
 4. Now, Max was an urchin of seven ; 
 But his delicate sister, Leeze, 
 With fhe crown of her rippling ringlets. 
 Could scarcely have reached your knees \ 
 
 6. As he looked on his sister weepino-, 
 And tortured l)y hunger's smart, 
 A thought like an angel entered 
 At the door of his open heart. 
 
 6. He wrote on a fragment of paper, — 
 With quivering hand and soul, 
 
 •* ' • — '•''- --o iitrr, ^/ii'ist: tnree copecks, 
 
 To purchase for Leeze a roll!" 
 
 m 
 
180 
 
 THIIU) READER. 
 
 Then, ruslied to a church, his missive 
 To drop, — ere the vesper psiihiis, — 
 
 As the surest mail ))()uih1 Christwtu'd, — 
 In the unlocked box for alms ! 
 
 8. "While he stood u})on tiptoe to reach it, 
 One passed from the priestly band, 
 And with smile like a benediction 
 Took the note from his eager hand. 
 
 -I, 
 
 V 
 
 I i 
 
 m 
 
 B 
 
 9. Having read it, the good man's bosom 
 Grew warm with a holy joy : 
 "Ah ! Christ may have heard you already, 
 Will you come to my house, my boy?" 
 
 20. "But not without Leeze?" "Xo, surely, 
 We'll have a rare party of three ; 
 Go tell her that some])odv's waitino- 
 To welcome her home to tea." , , , 
 
ly,-' 
 
 THE THREE C0VECK8. 
 
 11. That night in the cosiest cottage 
 
 The orphans were safe at rest^ 
 Each snug as a callow bircUing 
 In the depths of its downy nlst. 
 
 12. And the next Lord's day, in his pulpit, 
 
 ilie preacher so spake of these 
 Stray lambs from the fold, which Jesus 
 Had blessed by the sacred seas ; — 
 
 13. So recounted their guileless story, 
 
 As he held each child l)y the hand, 
 -I hat the hardest there could feel it, 
 And the dullest could understand. 
 ». O'er the eyes of the listening fathers 
 Ihere floated a gracious mist ; 
 And oh, how the tender mothers 
 Those desolate darlings kissed ! ' 
 
 15. "You have given your tears,"said the preacher,- 
 
 Heart-alms we should none despise ; _ 
 i^ut the open palm, my children, 
 Is more than the weeping eyes ! " 
 
 16. Then followed a swift collection. 
 
 From the altar steps to the door, 
 Till the sum of two thousand roubles 
 The vergers had counted o'er. 
 
 17. So you see that the unmailed lettei 
 
 Had somehow gone to its goal. 
 And more than three copecks gathered 
 To purchase for Leeiie a roll ! 
 
 Paul H. Hayne. 
 
 16J 
 
1^2 
 
 Tllllth Uh'.t />/•:/(. 
 
 NoTK.— The coiiock is a HuHHi.in coin worth about a cent, 
 
 ExKKcisKs. — 1, Write tljlM Mtory In prose. 
 
 2. Learn to spell : 
 Crouched Orphaned Czar Quivering 
 
 Listening Gracious Desolate Collection 
 
 ■J •' 
 
 CANADA UNDKU TIIK imiTISH. 
 
 Allied', joined with. 
 Skir'mish, a slij,'lii Imttlc. 
 Fron'tier, the borUtT of a coun- 
 try. 
 
 Surron'der, to yield. 
 
 Mll'ltary law, luw in a conquered 
 
 •■ountry licforo a regular gov 
 
 •Tnor Ih itpiiointed. 
 
 1. The boys ami '•iris wlio livo in Canada to-day 
 am scarcely realize that hIk! lian ever been at war. 
 They must learn, howevcsr, that to purchase the 
 privileges they now enjoy con* their forefathers 
 a great amount of Imrdshij) and toil, and, in some 
 cases, the shedding of tjn-jr blood in defence of 
 their country. 2. First lixiro was trouble ^vith the 
 Indians. Those who had been allied with the 
 French did not like to subnn't to the Knglish. One 
 great chief, ]*ontiac, laid a jilan to drive out the 
 English altogether. lb- took several forts from 
 them, but ^vas defeated in the end. 3. It was 
 during Pojitiac's war that Michilimackinac was 
 captured hy the Indians. They pretended to play 
 a g»mc of lacrosse for the anmsenient of the white 
 peopJo, and during tlui gatn(! one of them threw 
 the ball into the fort, and I hey all rushed in after 
 it, and took possession of I Ik- place. 
 
 1. Then there hav(! beiui two wars with the 
 United States, Thesi; war,-, were really between 
 
CANADA (JNDElt THE lilUTlHU. Iy3 
 
 Ei.nlai„l and the United Stales, but Canada 
 made to ^ulibr hy tlit-ni. AVhon tlio A 
 
 wa.s 
 
 nioricans 
 
 revolfpd ivuxxx England they thouo-l.t tl„. Canad 
 Avoidd jf)in them. In ^his tl 
 
 lans 
 
 tak( 
 
 Ith 
 
 ley were greatly nn's- 
 
 taken, aitnougn nio me Canadians ,,^ umt 
 
 time were Fr.-ncli. They then ser^ an arniv under 
 (general IMonl-oniery to take possession of Canada, 
 out he was killed and his army defeated at Que- 
 bec. «. In 1N12 the ])ooi)Ie in the United States 
 had a foolish quarrel with the English. Th(> British 
 claimed the right to search foreign vessels for sail- 
 ors who had desert(Ml. The Americans did not 
 hko It, but the ditferencos might have been settled 
 without going to war. One party in Congress 
 was determined to tight, however, and war was 
 declared, c. Many jjeople in New England and 
 New York State thought it was a very wrong thin^r 
 to invade Canada, but the attempt was'^nade! 
 Three armies were sent, one hy Detroit, one by 
 Niagara, and one l)y Montreal. The people of 
 Canada were truly loyal. :\Io„ rushed from all 
 pomts to defend tlicir countrv. (ieneral Brock 
 captured the entire army of the west at Detroit, 
 and defeated that of .the centre at Queenston 
 Heights, where he was killed in the action. In 
 the east the Americans retired after a skirnn'sh at 
 Rouse's Point. 7. In IMi;} the general plan of 
 attack was similar to that of 1812. In the west 
 the liritish were defeated at Moravian Town on 
 the Thames. It v,;is luuv that Tccumseh, the noted 
 Indian chief, was killed. In the centre the Amer- 
 
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184 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 icans took Fort George (Niagara) and Fort York 
 (Toronto), but were defeated at Stony Creek, 
 near Hamilton, and Beaver Dams, near Thorold. 
 8. In the east two armies were sent against Mon- 
 treal, one by the St. Lawrence, and one by Lake 
 Champlain. Both were defeated by small bands 
 of brave Canadians, the former at Chrysler's Farm, 
 and the latter at Chateauguay. o. The war con- 
 tinued in 1814. Again hey sent an army against 
 Montreal, and again it retreated after a slight 
 skirmish at La Collq Mill. On the Niagara frontier 
 two battles were fought, one at Chippewa, and one 
 at Lundy's Lane. The British were defeated in 
 the first, the Americans hastily retreated after the 
 latter. Other battles were fought during the war, 
 but not in Canada, lo. The rebellion of 1837 
 caused considerable trouble for a time. There 
 wore objections to the Avay in v hich the country 
 was governed, and some of the leading men had 
 tried for a long time to have the grievances removed, 
 but without success. They finally resorted to force 
 to secure what they regarded as their rights. 
 11. There was some skirmishing near Montreal and 
 Toronto, but the rebellion was soon over. Mac- 
 kenzie was the leader in Upper Canada. Most 
 men now agree that Mackenzie and his friends were 
 seeking only what was just and right, but he was 
 wrong in not waiting for the accomplishment of 
 his purposes by other means. Right is sure to 
 triumph in good time, and it was only a few years 
 
)rt York 
 ' Creek, 
 Thorold. 
 ist Mon- 
 by Lake 
 ill bands 
 's Farm, 
 var con- 
 f against 
 a sliijht 
 L frontier 
 and one 
 'eated in 
 ifter the 
 tbe war, 
 of 1837 
 There 
 country 
 nen had 
 emoved, 
 to force 
 
 rights, 
 real and 
 . Mac- 
 . Most 
 ids were 
 
 he was 
 
 nent of 
 
 sure to 
 
 w years 
 
 CANADA UNDER THE BRITISH. 
 
 185 
 
 aftei the rebellion that the changes he wished for 
 were made. 
 
 12. Several changes have been made in the govern- 
 ment of the country during the British period. 
 After the capture of Quebec, in 1759, by Wolfe, 
 and the surrender of Montreal in the following 
 year, the country was ruled by military law until 
 it was formally given up to the British in 1763. 
 13. On taking possession the English found that 
 their laws were not all suitable for the French, so in 
 1774 they passed the " Quebec Act," which restored 
 most of the French laws, and removed religious 
 and social restrictions from the French inhabitants. 
 This pleased the French greatly, but was strongly 
 objected to by the English colonists. u. The 
 number of the latter was soon largely increa.'jed by 
 loyal Englishmen who came from the United States 
 rather than live there after that country had be- 
 come independent of Great Britain. Under these 
 circumstances the English Parliament thought it 
 best to divide the country into two parts, one for 
 the English and one for the French, so in 1791 they 
 formed Upper and Lower Canada, now Ontario 
 and Quebec. 15. For exactly fifty years they re- 
 mained separate. They Avere re-united in 1841, 
 and at the same time they received by the "Union 
 Act" the privilege of responsible government. 
 Members of the government must now be members 
 of i)arliament, and they cannot remain in oflice 
 unless they are supjiorted by the majority of the 
 representatives of the people. w. In 1867 a 
 
 li 
 
18 G 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 still wider union was brought about by the " Act 
 of Confederation." This formed the Dominion of 
 Canada hy uniting Ontario, Quebec, New Bruns- 
 wiclv, and Nova Scotia. Since then three other 
 provinces have ])een added to the Dominion : 
 Prince Edward Island, Br'^ish Columbia, and 
 Manitoba, so that Canada now extends from the 
 Pacific to the Atlantic, and from the Great Lakes 
 to the Arctic Ocean. 
 
 Questions. — 1. Wlmt Indian chief trieil to drive the British 
 front Canada ? 2. How many times has Canada been at war 
 with the United States ? ?>. Wliat caused these wars ? 4. What 
 caused the Rebellion of 1837 ? 5. Who led it in Upper Can- 
 ada ? 6. When was Upper Canada first formed as a province? 
 7. When were Upper and Lower Canada united ? 8. When did 
 Co;ifoderation take place ? 0. What four provinces first foiined 
 the Dominion ? 10. What three afterwards entered ? 
 
 ExKiJC'isKs. — 1. Sketch a map of the Dominion, marking the 
 capital of ench province. 
 
 2. Write a brief account of the war in 1812, 181.3, ." 14. 
 
 .3. Name the Governor General of Canada, the C or of 
 
 your own province, and the liead of the Dominion Govern- 
 ment. 
 
' the " Act 
 »niinion of 
 BW Bruns- 
 lirec other 
 Dominion : 
 nbia, and 
 from the 
 ■eat Lakes 
 
 ■e the British 
 been at war 
 PS ? 4, What 
 Upper Can- 
 a province ? 
 8. When did 
 3 first fomied 
 id? 
 marking the 
 
 14. 
 
 C or of 
 
 iou Govern- 
 
 TtlE DEATH OF BROCK. 287 
 
 TPIE DEATH OF BROCK. 
 
 n«.'t Tr^^ ^^- ^''r^''* "^'^''^ '" *'^^ ^^"^'1^1 flo^v 
 past the Canaaian shore. On the bank of each 
 
 there rises a monument 
 
 to tell to future ajres 
 ^hat a noble man o-al- 
 hmtly gave liis life for 
 England and for Canada. 
 In 1759, Wolfe died, 
 planting the " Union 
 Jack "' as the banner of 
 our country; in 1812 
 Brock fell Mhilc driving 
 back invaders who came 
 to tear it down. 
 
 2. Brock had hastened 
 from Detroit, where, 
 with thirteen hundred 
 men, he had not only 
 driven out the invading 
 army of the west, but had ac* 
 tually forced General Hull and his two 
 thousand five hundred men to surrender. The 
 Amencans had an army of six thousand men alono- 
 the iNjagara, between Buffalo and Fort Niao-ara" 
 Brock had only fifteen hundred men to defend 
 the trontier from Niagara town to Fort Erie 
 
 3. At length the Americans crossed the river at 
 Queenston, boUi below and above the Heio-hts 
 
188 
 
 THIRD HEADER. 
 
 Tlie small British force in possession of them was 
 sjon dislodi,^ed after a brave defence, and the 
 invaders felt sure that they had secured a strong 
 foothold. 4. Brock heard the cannonading while at 
 Niagara, seven miles away, and at once galloped 
 to the scene of action. Finding the Americans on 
 the Heights he promptly decided that they must 
 be driven out of their position without loss of 
 time. He rallied the few men who had been sta- 
 tioned on the Heights, consisting of part of the 
 49th regiment and some militia, and placing him- 
 self at their head he pressed forward up the hill in 
 the face of a heavy fire. 5. He was in the act of 
 cheering on the brave volunteers from York, 
 when he was -h..\ in the breast and fell mortally 
 wounded. " Push on ! Don't mind me ! " were 
 the hero's words as he fell. He dictated a brief 
 letter to his sister, and died in a few minutes. 
 
 6. The attack on the Heights was for a time re- 
 pulsed, but General Sheaffe soon arrived with 
 reinforcements, and, with a total of only nine hun- 
 dred men, drove the Americans from the strong- 
 hold which they had secured in the morning. 
 
 7. The Indians chased the flying soldiers, and 
 many of them, terrified by the war whoop of the 
 red men, rushed wildly over the precipice at the 
 river's edge, and were torn to pieces on the trees, 
 or mangled by the rocks. 
 
 [Note. —The cnj;iavin<r in f.iis lesson is a picture of Brock's monu- 
 ment on the hanks of the Niagara River.] 
 
BRITISH noHTMBlA. 
 
 189 
 
 ;hem was 
 
 Jind the 
 
 Ji strong 
 
 f while at 
 
 o-illoped 
 
 "Til 
 
 ricans on 
 liey must 
 
 loss of 
 been sta- 
 't of the 
 ing him- 
 le hill in 
 3 act of 
 II York, 
 mortally 
 ! " were 
 
 ii brief 
 tes. 
 
 time re- 
 id with 
 ine hun- 
 stronff- 
 lorning. 
 3rs, and 
 > of the 
 ! at the 
 e trees, 
 
 :k's monu- 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 JCsqulmalb.pronouncedSkwy'-maltllnHtitu'tions. laws, and goven 
 
 R«n?J^°' /"■^r""'"'* '''"''•""• '"«"*• ^^t-^blished order and sys 
 
 Bepresen'tatJve, chosen by the ( tern. 
 
 people to express their wishes. 
 Mar'iner, a sailor, a navigator. 
 
 Plateau', (O), broad, fiat table-land 
 
 1. British Columbia, the most western province 
 ot the Domin on of Canada, is the only Bri ish 
 territory on the west coast of this continent. It is 
 the western gateway of the Canadian Pacific Rail- 
 way that runs from ocean to ocean and forms ohe 
 great national route across British America. 
 
 2. In 1669, Charles the Second granted a charter 
 to a great fur trading company in London, called 
 the Hudson Bay Company. This charter gave 
 them possession of a very great region in North 
 America, and they divided it into four large de- 
 partments. The mainland of this province was at 
 that time the New Caledonia disti'icfc of the Col- 
 umbia department, s. Vancouver Island was ex- 
 plored by Captain George Vancouver, R. N. who 
 hrst found out that it wks an island. It was 
 granted m 1849 to the Hudson Bay Company who 
 agreed m return to colonise the island. There was 
 a provision in the grant which gave the Crown the 
 nght to purchase back the island from the Hudson 
 Bay Company at the end of their Royal License, 
 which was for twen^v-onp vat^^^ s>,^^^ looo mi • 
 acense gave them all the trade with the Indians ip 
 
190 
 
 I'lllRD READER. 
 
 every part of British America not included in pro- 
 vinces then established. In 1858 the ishmd was 
 bought back and became a colony with representa- 
 tive institutions. 4. In the same year the district 
 of New Caledonia was changed into a British 
 crown colony with defined boundaries. It got the 
 name, British Columbia, from the great river thafc 
 rises in its mountains, s. These two separate 
 colonies were in 1866 united as a single British 
 crown colony under the common name of British 
 Columbia. They continued so until the 20th of 
 July, 1871, when the colony became a province of 
 the Dominion of Canada. 
 
 fl. Between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific 
 Ocean there stretches a bold, picturesque, mountain 
 region, with many lakes and rivers. It begins in 
 the far north and reaches southward beyond the 
 i9th parallel, the southern boundary of our Do- 
 >ninion. This mountain region runs from north- 
 west to south-east, following the general trend of 
 the coast. In British Columbia it is divided into 
 two mountain districts, enclosing between them a 
 belt of high plateau country about 100 miles wide. 
 This elevated tract is continued southward through 
 Utah and Nevada in the United States. It rup.a 
 ttp the interior of British Columbia to about the 
 Soth parallel. 7. On the eastern side of this irreg- 
 alar plateau are mountain masses generally parallel 
 to the Rocky Mountains and confused with them. 
 This is one of the mountain districts. The other 
 consists of a mass of mountains on the west side 
 
led in pro- 
 
 island was 
 eprosonta- 
 !io district 
 a British 
 It got the 
 rivor that 
 separate 
 ;le British 
 of British 
 le 20th of 
 roviace of 
 
 he Pacific 
 mountain 
 begins in 
 eyond the 
 f our Do- 
 om north - 
 1 trend of 
 vided into 
 en them a 
 liles wide, 
 d through 
 It rura 
 about the 
 this irreg- 
 y parallel 
 ith them, 
 rhe other 
 west side 
 ;he Ooast 
 
 ^ DAY'S FISHING ON THE FRA^iiR RjVfiK. 
 
192 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 Range, and is of later origin than the Cascade 
 Mounfcaias of Oregon. 8. These latter mountains 
 merely enter the south-west angle of the province 
 and disappear about 150 miles up the east side of 
 the Fraser river Except those of the Coast 
 Range, the mountains in the extreme north dimin- 
 ish in height, and the surface slopes gently north 
 and north-east towards the Arctic Ocean. 
 
 9. Most of the rivers run southward, but the 
 streams that drain the Coast Range into the Pacific 
 flow west or south-west. The Arctic slope is 
 drained by the Peace and the Liard, which run 
 north-east and join the waters of the g eat Mac- 
 kenzie on its way to the frozen Arctic, lo. The two 
 upper branches of the Fraser flow north-west, but 
 a little below their junction the rivor is turned 
 south with a sudden elbow at a sharp angle near 
 the 55th parallel. It receives numerous streams 
 on its way directly south, and for the most part 
 skirts along the west side of the elevated plateau 
 already described. It enters the Gulf of Georgia 
 after a course of 740 miles, ii. The Columbia is 
 the largest river on the west coast of America. Like 
 the Fraser, it flows at first to the northwest and 
 turns suddenly to the south with a very sharp 
 bend. It rises in a beautiful grazing country close 
 to the Rocky Mountains. The grandest scenery 
 in the province is found along its course. It runs 
 440 miles through British Columbia and 800 
 miles farther through the United States before it 
 reaches the Pacific. 
 
s Cascade 
 lountains 
 province 
 -st side of 
 he Coast 
 th dimin- 
 itly north 
 
 , but the 
 he Pacific 
 
 slope is 
 'hich run 
 eat M::C- 
 . The two 
 west, but 
 is turned 
 ngle near 
 i streams 
 nost part 
 1 plateau 
 
 Georgia 
 lumbia is 
 ca. Like 
 west and 
 jry sharp 
 itry close 
 t scenery 
 
 It runs 
 and 800 
 before it 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA. 193 
 
 12. The country is studded with lakes, generally 
 long and narrow They are of all sizes, from the 
 bright pond to the lake 80 miles long, and are 
 often prettily fringed with bays and linked to- 
 gether by short streams. Some of the lakes have 
 steep banks round their margins, others have walls 
 of rock about them, and many have shelving rims 
 that slope back to grrussy knolls. 13. The vallevs 
 in some of the mountain districts are long narrow 
 gorges Over a great extent of the country how- 
 ever, they are bordered by terraces, sloped, and 
 hills rising to broad uplands covered with rich 
 grasses and light groves of timber. 
 
 14. The whole coast line of British Columbia la 
 very remarkable. It has a very great number of 
 inlets, bays, and coves, and is admirably sheltered 
 from ocean storms by islands of various sizes. 
 Along the United States' coast there is not a single 
 harbor for ocean ships from San Francisco to Cape 
 Flattery But British Columbia has a great many 
 harbors, bo h on the mainland and on its numerous 
 islands all along the coast x«. On the mainland there 
 IS Burrard Inlet, to which V . Canadian Pacific 
 Railway comes In Vancouver Island, Nanaimo 
 IS a great coal shipping port, and Esquimalt is the 
 station of the Royal Navy in the waters of the 
 north-west Pacific. These are excellent harbors, 
 and much frequented by large vessels. 
 
 l«nl r"^ "f ^^ ^f'"^'' "^'"^^ P^^^^'^^ts the main- 
 land shores from the storms of the Pacific is formed 
 by a half-sunken mountain range which lies aJong 
 the coast. It IS represented above water by 
 
 M 
 
 Ml 
 
194 
 
 THIKD READER. 
 
 Vancouver and the Queen Charlotto Islanrtis 
 There are three sea-gaps in tliis half-buriod chair 
 of mountains, first the Strait of Fuca, thei tl>e 
 wide opening between Vancouver and the Queen 
 Charlotte Islands, and lastly Dixon's Entrance 
 farther north. 17. The coasts of Vancouver and 
 the Queen Charlotto Islands are, like the mainland 
 coast, deeply notched with inlets and bays studded 
 with islets. On the outer coast these are separated 
 by vast ragged masses of rock, black caverns up 
 which the sea flows, tall lines of steep, jagged cliffs, 
 huge rocky capes, apd beaches back'd by sloping 
 wooded hills that retire to bold mountains. 
 18. The whole force of the Pacific Ocean breaks 
 against this outer coast line. It forms a surf even 
 in the calmest weather when the cok)rs lie off-shore 
 in long swathes on the almost motionless water. 
 In times of storm the blue-jjreen sea is Hunii hiirh 
 m spray-clouds ov(!r outlying ledges of rock, or is 
 churned into masses of seething white against the 
 cliffs. But even then there is quietness within the 
 sheltered bays, and distance softens the wild 
 thunderous fury of the ocean into a low continu- 
 ous murmur in the ear of the mariner safely an- 
 chored within them. 
 
 Exercises. — 1. Make a list of the provinces of the Dominion 
 with their capitals, beginning at the west. 2. Draw a map of 
 the C. P. R.,aiid mark the important places along its route. 
 3, Point out the resemblance between the east and the west 
 coasts of the Dominion. 4. Point out some of the differences- 
 5. Give some of the reasons why British Columbia is warmer 
 than New Brunswick, and Vancouver than Nova Scotia. 6. 
 Make a list of British Columbia rivers not mentioned in these 
 lessons. 
 
BRITISH COLUMBIA, 
 
 105 
 
 BRITISH COLUMBIA, 
 
 PART 11. 
 
 Diversified, varlod, of different 
 kinds. 
 
 Ola'clers, pronounoe<l glis's-e-firz, 
 loo oti the tops of mountttlng. 
 
 Avalan'ohoa (sh), snow, ico, and 
 earth slldinsr down a mountain. 
 
 Irrlga'tlon, waterinirlana Dy drain* 
 
 or channel!. 
 Prowess, bravery, valor. 
 SoSnlo, beionjfiny to loenery. 
 
 u The surface of Vancouver Island is beauti- 
 fully diversified with mountain, precipice, hill 
 and dale. It has rolling prairies whose tameness 
 18 broken by numerous bouses of rock that reai 
 their forms on either hand; adorned with oaks 
 around thom. The general featu es of the land- 
 scape in many parts are similar to those of Devon- 
 shire in England. 2. On the mainland, the scenery 
 ot the broad Coast Range is generally of a m-and 
 rugged character Towards the rocky sea-boaid 
 the3 mountains ai for the most part broken up 
 into singularly turn led, yet rounded masses. But 
 they increase in height and are more compact as 
 they approach the middle of the range. The 
 coloring is rather aombv-e, but the dark rurple of 
 the pine-clad slopes b often very attractive. 3 The 
 valleys are narrow .^nd gloomy. Waterfalls in 
 thousands dart down .he steep hillsides and pour 
 over rugged precipices and cliffs. Here one sees 
 naked, shapeless masses of granite rocks ohootinff 
 upwards to great heights— there snow-peaks linked 
 together by long, jagged curtains of rock. 4. In 
 the interior of the mainland the rcenery i.o y.-ry 
 different. There is moro openness, the outUne^aio 
 
196 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 softer, and the coloring is more varied. The com- 
 paratively low hills, glens, and rich straths of the 
 northern interior resemble many parts of Scotland. 
 6. Much of the landscape of this inland country 
 has charming sweetness and simplicity. But it 
 has also grand sceneiy, particulai-ly river scenery. 
 The intrusion of the Cascade Tlountains between 
 the interior table-land and the Fraser for 150 railed 
 up the east side, and the character, of the Coast 
 Range on the other side of the river, combine \ !;h 
 the majesty of the stream itself to make a long 
 stretch of perhaps;the finest river scenery in the 
 world. 6. The winding, twisting, sullen mass of 
 the great uneasy river, racing and whirling along 
 in its rocky trough between the mountains, con- 
 trasts strikingly with the calmer expression of its 
 lower course through the peaceful New West- 
 minster district, which it enters after boiling 
 through the gorgr^s at Yale. The Canadian Pacific 
 Railway passes through this valley. 7. On the 
 east, between the Rocky Mountains and the interior 
 plateau where this railway enters the province, 
 there is a mountain region equal to seveial Switzer- 
 lands. It has the same enormous, rugged, Swiss 
 mountains capped with snow, the same precinices, 
 glaciers, avalanches and dashing waterfalls. But 
 its rivers and lakes are on a grander scale. Europe 
 has no river like the Columbia, no lakes that equal 
 Kootenay Lake or the Arrow Lakes in scenic 
 grandeur and nobleness of expression. Not fa 
 from these scenes in Kootenay is a long grassj 
 valley, with soft scenery and a mild climate 
 
The com- 
 fchsof the 
 Scotland, 
 d country 
 . But it 
 r scenery, 
 i between 
 150 miles 
 bhe Coast 
 bine \. ::h 
 ke a long 
 i-y in the 
 I mass of 
 ing along 
 lins, con- 
 iion of its 
 !W West- 
 r boiling 
 an Pacific 
 . On the 
 >e interior 
 province, 
 [ Switzer- 
 ed, Swiss 
 irecinices, 
 ills. But 
 1. Europe 
 hat equal 
 in scenic 
 Not fa 
 ig grassj 
 
 9tC 
 
198 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 8. The climate of British Columbia is in general 
 much more temperate than that of any part of 
 Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains. It is much 
 warmer than the climate in the same latitude on 
 the east coast of the American continent. The 
 warm south-west winds from the tropical Pacific 
 blow over the country, and a warm ocean current 
 flows towards the coast. Very little of the icy 
 Arctic current gets through the shallow and narrow 
 Behring's Strait, as it does through Davis' Strait 
 on the east, chilling the shores of Labrador. The 
 climate of the coast. is more moist than that of the 
 interior under the lee of the Coast and the Cas- 
 cade Mountains. 
 
 9. The soil is generally fertile and well adapted 
 for agriculture, but it requires irrigation in the 
 drier portions of the interior. Where favorably 
 situated, the soils of the interior valleys and their 
 terrace flats produce extraordinary crops of every- 
 thing that ripens in England or in the eastern 
 parts of the Dominion. Fruit can be raised in 
 any quantity, and of every variety suitable to the 
 zone, in well chosen localities. Good wheat ripens 
 in some parts of the province at the height of 
 nearly three thousand feet above the sea level. 
 
 The minerals form the chief resource of the 
 
 10. 
 
 country. Coal of the first quality is found and 
 largely worked in Vancouver Island. In 1858 ex- 
 tensive gold discoveries were made, chiefly along 
 the course of the Fraser and its branches, n. Belts 
 of gold-bearing rocks occur in many parts, but the 
 most important are between the interior plateau 
 and the Eocl^y Mountains, a region 700 to 800 
 
BRITISH COLUMBIA. 
 
 199 
 
 «iiles lonfe. Silver is found in the south, the south- 
 east, and m the north. Great masses of iron ore 
 occur near the coal mines, and indications of copper 
 are abundant. ^^ 
 
 12. All the seas, bays, lakes and rivers teem with 
 prodigious numbers of excellent fish. Besides sal- 
 mon and herrings, there are shoals of cod, bass, 
 flounder, skate, sole, halibut, sardines, and the deli- 
 cious candle-fish or oolachan. The thousand lakes 
 which stud the interior yield trout, pike, perch, 
 eels, and very fine whitefish. Whales and other 
 oil-producing fish are numerous. The capture of 
 the valuable fur-seal forms an important branch of 
 industry. 13. In summer the salmon ascend the 
 Columbia Eraser, and other rivers in vast multi- 
 fcudes to the spawning beds. They breast the swift 
 current stem the rapids, leap cascades, till the shal- 
 ow waters are reached. Still the salmon press 
 for-vard wriggling up winding streams not deep 
 enrugh for swimming. Thousands are left dying 
 on the banks. Our first picture shows a scene often 
 wrxiessed in these rivers during a salmon run 
 
 ' *. The whole surface of the interior is more 
 01 less wooded, and the forests of the province are 
 of great extent and value. There is a lai-ge ex- 
 port trade m the magnificent Douglas fir or spruce, 
 borne of these trees are three hundred feet high 
 and ten feet in diameter. Our second illustration 
 gives some notion of the number and size of the 
 vald animals to be met with in this country. 
 
 15. To the^ sportsman and the angler the pro- 
 nnce otters attractions. In the more settled die- 
 
 
 if 
 
200 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 tricts various kinds of grouse prairie chicken^ 
 quail, ducks, snipe, and geese abound, as w<j11 as 
 the common deer. If he loves harder spor , the 
 mountain goat and mountain sheep, the w^riboo, 
 American elk, and the black and the grizzly bears 
 will sufficiently try the sportsman's enri-arance and 
 prowess. 
 
 Exercises.— 1. Mention some other grand river scenery in the 
 Dominion. 2. Name the islands in the Queen Charlotte group 
 3. Name the passes in the Rocky JVfountains. 4. Throuch 
 which one does the C. P. R. come? 5. Explain the meaning 
 of picturesque, bosses, sombre, ''rend, plateau, knolls, irrigation 
 grizzly, grisly, and gristly. 6. Point out on the map all the 
 places in Europe mentioned in these lessons. 7. Make a list 
 of the productions of British Columbia. 8. Make a list of 
 words ending in ior, like interior, and put down their meanings. 
 9. Explain the difference between the interior of a country and 
 the interior of a mountain. 10. Distincuish an iron ore and a 
 wooden oar. 11. Halibut. So called because excellent eating 
 for holidays. From Aa/i= holiday, and bme=& plaice 12. 
 Make a list of the other States besides Utah, Nevada and 
 Oregon. 13. Make a list of phrases like these: A shoal of cod 
 A school of whales, A flock of sheep. 14. How many represen- 
 tatiTes are there in the Dominion House of Commons, and how 
 m? y of these does B. C. send ? 15. Name the representative of 
 ♦"' f district and give his P. 0. addresa. 
 
ABOUT STRONG DRINK. 
 
 201 
 
 ABOUT STRONG DRINK. 
 
 A/co-hol, the chemic»l name of 
 wine, from the Arabic alKahol, 
 or al-Kohl=.tbe spirit or essence. 
 
 Rec'Ofir-nlse, to know a^in, 
 
 Vi'tal, pertaining to life. 
 
 Ind.lgre8tlon(ln.de.Je8t'yun),weak- 
 
 ness of the stomach. 
 Depres'sion (sh), sinking, salness. 
 Bnchant'ed.bewitched, affected by 
 
 sorcery. 
 
 Asylum (a.gi'.lum),a place of refuge. 
 
 1. There are still some people who defend the 
 use o strong drink as abeverage. Someare ignor! 
 
 ?ond nf /r ""^^r ^^ «ff««*«>and others are so 
 tond of It themselves that they cannot help prais- 
 ing It as a good thing for everybody. 
 
 2 It is very stra'nge, but it is nevertheless true 
 tha many who know they are injuring themselves 
 by the use of alcohol will continue in their error. 
 With their eyes open to the evil they are doing, 
 they .till persist in leading others with them. It 
 IS one part of the madness caused by abohol, that 
 It deceives its friends and makes them in turn de- 
 ceive others. 
 
 8. You will often have to listen to the statements 
 ot such persons m the course of your lives. They 
 will tell you a great deal of dangerous error 
 which you should be ready to recognise as error 
 the moment you hear it. 
 
 4. They will tell you that alcohol is a food, be- 
 cause It warms the body. The proper answer to 
 uhis asserwon is that alcohol does not reaUy produce 
 
202 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 warmth. It only makes the body feel warm by 
 causing the warm blood to come to the surface 
 there to lose its heat and make the body colder 
 than before. 
 
 s. Cold and alcohol exercise the same kind of in- 
 fluence on the body. When working in the cold, 
 even the extremest cold, the man who avoids 
 alcohol altogether can work the longest and the 
 best. 
 
 6. But you will be told that alcohol is a food be- 
 cause it gives strength to the body and helps men 
 and women to do more work. Now the real effect 
 of alcohol is to lessen the muscular power. It 
 weakens the muscles, and if carried a little too far, 
 it entirely disables them from work, so that they 
 cannot even support the weight of the body. 
 
 7. We learn from the experience of men who 
 have performed great feats of strength and endur- 
 ance that they have been obliged to abstain com- 
 pletely from all strong drink to succeed in their 
 efforts, and that they have excelled other men by 
 reason of this careful abstinence. 
 
 8. Some say that alcohol is a food because it- 
 makes the body fat and plump and well nourished. 
 But in reality there is nothing in alcohol that can 
 build up any vital structure of the body. 
 
 0. The best that can be said about it in this re- 
 gard is that in some of the forms in w^hich it is 
 taken, beer for instance, it may add fat to the body 
 because of the sugar conta-ined in .such drink. But 
 
ABOUT STRONG DRINK. 203 
 
 mterferes with the motion of the vital organs. 
 Fat makes the body unwieldy, and when it gets 
 mto the structure of such organs .s the hearLr 
 
 a.ll\ ^T ^f.t^^'' ^' *°^^ ^^'^^ ^^«°^ol J^elps to di, 
 
 gest food and thus enables people with weak stom- 
 achs to enjoy their meals and digest them properly 
 
 l7iZ" 1 ^rVY *'^ ''^'^ animalLn en: 
 joy their food and digest it without alcohol and 
 
 ce lent digestive powers. The truth is that alcohol 
 really impairs digestion. In thousands of peopL 
 t keeps up a continual state of indigestion and 
 this indigestion itself is a temptation to take 
 alcoholto a fatal excess. ^ 
 
 a food in the strict sense, it is, at any rate a 
 luxury which a man cannot with comfort deiy 
 himself. It cheers the heart, they say, andl 
 necessBj-y for mirth and pleasure. 
 
 12. Boys and girls know how little that state- 
 
 WhlTf • ""r^ P^^P^^ '"^^ yourselves can 
 laugh and play and be a^ happy a^ the day is Ion. 
 
 without ever tasting a drop of alcohol. Yo "know 
 men and women who are as happy ^ they can bl 
 without tasting one drop of s.^o^ drkik Th^ 
 axe much more free from woriy Ld afger, ^5 
 they care less about trifles f.hap tho- -^ - - - 
 alcohol """" ^^*^® 
 
 rl»l 
 
 fff 
 
204 
 
 THIRD READER, 
 
 13. The fact is plain, thnt after men and women 
 have been cheered, as they say, hy alcohol they 
 suffer a corresponding depression of spirits and 
 energy. They are often made so miserable that 
 life is a burden to them, until once again they 
 have recourse to their cause of short happiness and 
 long sorrow. 
 
 14. Whenever you hear statements in favor of 
 strong drink, just remember how it kills men and 
 women wholesale. Some it sends to the grave 
 straightway, and some through that living grave, 
 the asylum for the insane. 
 
 18. Treasure these truths in your young hearts, 
 and remember the warning words of the wise man; 
 " Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when 
 it giveth his color in the cup, when it moveth itself 
 aright. At the last it biteth like a serpent and 
 stingeth like an adder." 
 
 18. Let this keep you in the path of perfect 
 abstinence from alcohol in every guise, and your 
 example will be all the more effective because you 
 are young. Believe firmly that you will, under 
 this rule, grow up strengthened in wisdom, industry 
 and happiness. Believe, finally, that your success 
 in life will reward you a thousandfold for every 
 sacrifice of false indulgence in that great curse of 
 mankind — strong drink. 
 
 Adapted from Dr. B. W. Richardson, I. R. S, 
 
 17. Learn wisdom then. The frequent feast 
 Avoid ; for there, with stealthy tread, 
 
 j-cuipLixiiimi \TixlKa, tu luxc \uu un, 
 
 Till death, at last, the banquet spread. 
 
ABGy^r STRONG DRINK. 
 
 205 
 
 >e. AiKl shun, oh, shun the enchanted cup t 
 
 Ihougli now its draught like joy appears 
 Ere long, it will be fanned by sighs 
 And sadly mixed with blood and tears. 
 
 tho Wiseman mentionedJ^sU fZIZ^A-^) " 
 
 ExER<,isE.-l Make a list of alcoholic liquors. 
 
 4. Q,v, the tat wori. of th, li.t JUaraSWoU, *c. 
 
206 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 ALCOHOL AND ITS EFFECTS. 
 
 ^d'ept, one who has attained skill, 
 'taam'oured, charmed, in love 
 
 with, 
 Epidem'ic, a diacase falling on 
 
 (frcat nuniburii, 
 Incen'dlary, one who sets Are to a 
 
 buildiiijr tlirough ovil intunt. 
 filaspbem'er, a swearer, a false 
 
 aeuuser. 
 ParrlCi'dal, relating to the murder 
 
 Ol a parent. 
 
 Suborn', to cause to oommlt per- 
 jury or (also swearing. 
 
 Malevolence, evil disposition, 
 wishing evil. 
 
 paucity (a\ happiness, delight. 
 Con^JugaJ, suitable to the marriage 
 
 statu. 
 
 Lab'oratory, a chemist's work- 
 room. 
 
 1. Alcohol, in whatever form it comes before us, 
 Whether in beer, wine, or spirits, is a chemical sub- 
 stance quite distinct from food. It is one of a larcre 
 chemical family of similar substances, and has onty 
 by accident come into use among the things caUed 
 foods. ° 
 
 a. When the early chemists first obtained this 
 m Its pure form, they never dreamed of taking it 
 as a drink. They found out that it has a most ex- 
 traordinary power of dissolving things that water 
 will not attack, such as oils, resins, gums, and bal^ 
 sams. It will also dissolve colors for the .rtist 
 and preserve fruit as well as the fl )sh of animals' 
 from decay. 
 
 8. This marvellous spirit was put to another test 
 by the adepts. They fancied that some day a med- 
 icme would be found that would secure perpetual 
 health to everybody and thus prevent all sickness 
 and death. In alcohol they hoped they had dis- 
 covered the long sought fluid, and so gave it a 
 Latin name which means the " water of life." Had 
 they known it<? terrible effects on the human sys- 
 
sys- 
 
 ALCOHOL AND ITS EFFECTS. 207 
 
 tern they should have called it the water of death 
 ^r^t has caused the death of millions of our fellow- 
 
 fl.aY'^]'''^''^?*' ""^ *^" ^""'^y ^^ "^*"' and through 
 the body on the mind. Its effects are similar \o 
 those of many other chemical and medicinal sub- 
 stances It produces a special and well defined 
 tram of symptoms which run a fixed course and 
 lead to a fixed and uniform result. This course 
 p^ses from a first stage through a second and a 
 misdeaU. "•' ''^''' '' insensibility and the 
 
 .. As it is neither a food nor a drink, alcohol can- 
 not build up the natural structures or parts of the 
 body. It cannot supply water to carry the different 
 kmds of food through the canals to the various 
 
 ITJL t T^'^il "^^ *^ '^^^ *^^ "«*^^i nP food 
 out of the body. It caimot assuage the thirst ; on 
 
 the contrary, thirst is increased by it. It suddHps 
 no warmth to the body, and its actual effectTs to 
 ie,9sen the animal heat and put out the vital fire. 
 
 «. All the action of alcohol is towards the im- 
 pairment of health and the shortening of life The 
 drmkmg of wine and kindred liquors «oon begets 
 a desire for the continuance of the habit, and a 
 craving for strong drink is soon developed If men 
 or women in private life acquire this dangerou« 
 habit It sticks to them, and they become slaves to 
 its destructive power. In like manner, when the 
 
 enamoured of the wine-cup that nation is dtooo-^. 
 
THIRD MEADJSB. 
 
 f. The teirible effects of this enslaving vice art 
 thu8 depicted by Dr. Gunn, one of the foremot^t 
 medical writerH of the United St<xtea :— 
 
 " Intemperance cuts down youth in its vigor, 
 manhood in its stren-rth, and ago in itw W(!akncriH' 
 It breaks the father's heart, bereaves the doting 
 mother, extinguishes natural atfection, and erases 
 conjugal love. 
 
 It blots out filial attachment, blights parental 
 hope, and brings down mourning age in sorrow to 
 tile grave. 
 
 8. It produces weakness, not strength ; sickness, 
 not health ; death, not life. It makes wives wid- 
 ows, children orphans, fathers fiends, and all of 
 them paupers and beggars. 
 
 p. It feeds rheumatism, nurses gout, welcomes 
 epidemics, invites cholera, imports pestilence, and 
 embraces consumption. 
 
 10. It covers the land with idleness, misery, and 
 crime. It fills jails, supplies almshouses, and de- 
 mands asylums. 
 
 11. It breeds controversies, fosters quarrels, and 
 cherishes riots. It crowds penitentiaries, and fur- 
 nishes victims tc scaflfolds. 
 
 la. It is the life-blood of the gambler, the cle- 
 ment of the burglar, the prop of the highwayniir., 
 and tiie sport of the midnight incendiary. 
 
 18. It countenences the liar, respects the thief, 
 and esteems the blasphemer. It violates obligations, 
 < verences fraud, and honoi-s infamy. It defames 
 ht^. o' ice, bates love, scorns virtue, ar»d slanders 
 
 ill 
 
 -.Ct. 
 
Alcohol and its effects. 209 
 
 rfi'snri!,^ »"f"' ^}\" ^f'""' *^ ^"^«^«^ ^^^ h«lpl<--«« 
 amU? 1; " r ^^ ^^"•'^^'"^•' <^« "•"'•'l^r his wife 
 
 ur ' T?o ^ T?' '""'"'"^'^ ^^''^'"^'"' ^^^-^^^ life' 
 t-uis. , God, and despises heaven. 
 
 j». It suborns witnesses, nurses perjury defiles 
 the jury-box. and stains the judge's e.mine' 1^^ 
 gmues the citi.en debases th'e 4islZ d she .o 3" 
 the statesman, and disarms the patriot 
 
 .lesmir'notf '^'" •'' ""* ^^"""^' *«^^«^' "«t safety. 
 
 necessary for man and all creatures that live ^^ 
 its name is— WATER ! ' *^' 
 
 Adapted J roni 1),. 
 
 "■ » ttichardwn, F. H. i: 
 
21U 
 
 'JO. 
 
 THIRD HdADER. 
 
 " O ! that our lives, which flee so fast. 
 
 Iv. purity were &uch, 
 ihat not an image of the paso 
 
 Should fear the mem'ry's touch. 
 Retirement then might hourly ii.i ,fc 
 
 Upon a soothing scene ; 
 Age steal to his alloted nook, 
 
 Contented ai:d serene." 
 
 Wordsworth's •' Ode on Memory." 
 
 QaESTioNs—l. What is the most remarkable property oi 
 alcohol next to its intoxicating power? 2. Name any other 
 uses. 3 How were ^he early chemists (al'chemists) dis- 
 appointed in their experiments with it ? 4. Describe the effects 
 of alcohol on the human body. 5. Can you name any other 
 drugs that produce a craving for more? 6. Have you known 
 any persons afflicted with this morbid appetite for drugs like 
 alcohol, opium, etc. ? 
 
 Exercises.-!. Learn by heart Dr. Gunu's remarks on the 
 ettects of alcohol, Sec. 7-17. 
 
 2. Write out from memory the eight lines of poetry at the 
 end of each of tliese lessons. 
 
 3. Make a list of good and safe drinks. 
 
 4. Make out a list of words like cn-slave, en-amour. 
 
 5. Write a short account of alcohol, mentioning its properties 
 ana usee, and giving some of the effects of using it as a common 
 armk. 
 
 ? Change the lines at the end of the last lesson mto prose 
 
WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED. 
 
 SOUNDS OF THE MARKED LETTEHS. 
 
 !iito prose 
 
 K as in arm i e as la eat 
 
 ^ «»e e " end 
 
 a aud I I « ,ce 
 
 ' as in in 
 S " old 
 « " on 
 
 fl as In use 
 ft " up 
 
 ®» " OOZO 
 
 abdomen, abdo'men, not ab'do- 
 men, 
 
 accent (rer6), ak-sent', not ak'sent 
 across, a-kros', no< a-krawst' 
 adult, n-dult', not ad'ult. 
 agile, aj'll, no< aj'ii, „o,. ft'jjj. 
 alien, al'yen, not a'll-en. 
 allies {noun and verb), al-liz', not 
 
 almond, a'mund, 7iot ai'mund 
 alpaca, al.pnk'a, not al-ii-pak'a 
 altercate, al'-ter-kat, not avvl'tor- 
 
 always, awl'waz, not awl'wuz, 7ior 
 
 and, and, not an. 
 
 anxiety, angz-i'e-tr, not anks-i'etl 
 apostle, apos'l, not a-pos'tl. nor 
 a-paws'l. 
 
 apprentice, ap.pren'tis, not an 
 prin'tis. ^ 
 
 aqueduct, ak'we-dukt, not ak'-wo 
 
 arctic, ark'tik, not nr'tik. 
 armada, ar-ma'da, not ar-ma'da 
 Asia, n'shl-a, not a'zho-a. 
 asked, ankt, not ast. 
 
 athenaeum, ath-e-ne'um,no< a the'- 
 ue-um. 
 
 attacked, at'takt, not at-tak'tpd 
 audience, au'dr-ence, not aw'il- 
 eucu. '' 
 
 auxiliary, awgz-il'ya-rl, not awgz- 
 
 awkward, awk'ward, not ork'ard 
 oecause, bc-kawz', not bekuz' 
 bedstead, bud'stcd, not bed'stld 
 
 Beelzebub, be-el'ze bub, not bel'. 
 ze-bub. 
 
 believe, be-lev', not blev. 
 
 bellows, bel'lus, not bci-loz. 
 
 beloved (a<^-.), be-luv'cd; (verb) 
 
 be-luvd'. ■* 
 
 betroth, betroth', not be-froth. So 
 
 bo-troth'al. 
 binary, bi'na-ri, not bin'ari, nor 
 
 bi-na'ri. 
 
 binomial, bi no'mlal, not bX-m'ml 
 
 blasphemous, blas'fe-mus, not 
 bias-fe'mus. 
 
 boisterous, bois'ter us, not bois' 
 trus, 
 
 brigand, brigr'and, ,iot bri-gitnd' 
 brooch, b.-bch, not brooch, 
 buoyant, bwoi'aiit, «<,/; boi'ant.wor 
 
 booFant. So buoy'an cy. 
 busmess, biz'nos, not biz'lnes 
 cartridge, kar'trij, 7iot kat'rij 
 catch, kSch, not kOch. 
 
 cayenne, ka en', not ki en', nor kl- 
 an'. 
 
 cemetery, sem'e-ter-I, not sem'e 
 
 centenary, sen'te-na-rl, not sen 
 
 ten'arT. 
 certain, ser'tin. not sert'n. 
 chaldron, ehawl'drun, not cawl' 
 
 dron. 
 
 chaos, ka'os, /wt ka'us. 
 character, kar'ak-ter, not ka-rak' 
 
 tlT. 
 
 chasm, kazm, not kaz'um. 
 children, chil'dien not cbil'durn 
 
II 
 
 2155 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 chimney, chlm'nl, not chim'll, nor 
 
 chfm'bll. 
 chisel, chiz'el, not chiz'l. 
 Christmas, kris'mHs, not krist'mas. 
 Circuitous, sur-ku'it-us, not sur'- 
 
 kit us. 
 citizen, sit'I-zn, not sit'I-zen. 
 cochineal, koch'i-nel, not koch'i- 
 
 nel. 
 coffee, kofe, not knw'fc. 
 coffin, kdf'in, not kawf'ln. 
 column, koi'iim, not kol'yoom, nor 
 
 kol'yum. 
 comely, kura'll, not kom'IT. 
 complaisance, kom-pla-zance' or 
 
 kom'pla-zance, not kom-pla'sance. 
 concave, kong'kav, not kon'kav. 
 contrary, kon'tra-rl, not kou'trt 
 
 nor kon-tra'rl. ' 
 
 coquette (jwwn), ko-ket', not ko 
 
 kwet'. 
 courteous, kurt'e-us or kort'yus. 
 covetous, kuv'et-u8, not kuv'e- 
 
 ChUH. 
 
 cranberry, kran'bfir-rl, not kram'- 
 
 brl. 
 creek, krek, not krik. 
 crouch, krowch, not kroocli. 
 current, kur'rent, not kurut. 
 curtain, kur'tin, not kurt'a 
 daunt, dtint, not dawnt. 
 deaf, def, no< def So deafen, 
 depends, depends', not de pouz'. 
 depot, de po' or dapo'. 
 depths, depths, not deps. 
 dessert, dez-zert', not dez'ert. 
 dew, du, not doo. 
 diamond, di'a-mund or di'mund. 
 discern, diz-zern', not dis-sern'. 
 disputable, dis'pu-ta-bl, not dig- 
 
 pu'tabl. 
 divan, divan', not di'van. 
 diverse, di'verse, not diverse'. So 
 
 di'verse-ly. 
 dolorous, dfil'o rus, not do'lo-rus. 
 donkey, donff'kl, not dung'kl. 
 doth, duth, not doth, 
 drowned, drownd, not drown'ded. 
 duet, duet', not do6-et'. 
 duke, duk. not dook. 
 duty, du'tl, not doo'tl. 
 
 eleven, e-lov'n, not levn. 
 encore, ong-kor', not ong'kSr. 
 engine, en'jin, not cu'jin. 
 epizootic, ep-I-zo-ot'ik, not ep-l- 
 
 zoo'tik. 
 equipage, ek'wi-pcj, not o kwlp'ej. 
 esquire, es-kwir', not es'-kwir. 
 etiquette, et'I-ket, not et'l-kwot. 
 European, u ro-pe'au, not u ro'pe- 
 
 an. 
 
 excellent, eks'sel-lent, not eks'- 
 
 leut. 
 excise, cks-slz', not eks'siz. 
 exempt, egz-omt', not eks emt'. 
 exploit, eks-ploit', not eks'ploit. 
 exquisite, cks'kwi-zit, not eks- 
 
 kwiz'it. 
 
 extempore, eks-tem'po-re, not eks- 
 
 tem'por. 
 factory, fak'to-rl, not fak'trl. 
 falchion, fawl'chun or fawl'shun, 
 
 not fai'chun. 
 February, feb'roo-a-rl, not feb'fl-a- 
 
 rl, nor fcb'i-wer-rl. 
 feminine, fem'I nin, not fem'I-nin. 
 fertile, fer'tll, not fer'til. 
 finale, fe-na'le, not fi'nal. 
 flaccid, flak'sid, not flas'id. 
 forget, for-get', not for git', 
 ft-agile, friij'Il, not ft-aj'il. 
 futile, fu'tll, not fu'til. 
 gaunt, gant, not gawiit. So gaunt'- 
 
 let. 
 gentlemen, jen'tl-men, not jen'tl- 
 
 mun. 
 geography, je-og'ra-fl, not Jog'ra- 
 
 n. 
 
 geometry, je-om'e-trl, not jom'e- 
 
 trt. 
 get, get, not git. 
 God, gdd, not gawd. 
 governor, guv'ernur. not guv'nur. 
 grievous, grev'us, not greVI us. 
 grimace, grt-mace', not grim'ace. 
 gutta-percha, gut'ta-per'cha, not 
 
 gut'ta-per'ka. 
 harass, har'as, not ha-ras'. 
 haunch, hiineh, not liawnch. 
 haunt, liaiit, not liawiit. 
 hfiiirt}i. hiirt!! ??r.? ht^rt*- 
 heaven, hev'n, not hev'un. 
 
levn. 
 
 't ong'kor. 
 
 ii'jin. 
 
 t'ik, not ep-I- 
 
 , not e kwip'ej. 
 it es'-kwir. 
 'Ot ct'I-kwet. 
 lu, not u ro'pe- 
 
 ent, not eks'- 
 
 ekfi'slz. 
 ot oksemt'. 
 ot I'ks'ploit. 
 zit, not eka- 
 
 'po-re, not eks- 
 
 t fnk'tri. 
 
 or fawl'shun, 
 
 rl, not feb'fl-a- 
 
 not fcm'I-nin. 
 
 'til. 
 
 'ndl. 
 
 Ins'id. 
 
 3r sit'. 
 
 ij'il. 
 
 I. 
 
 t. Sogaunt'- 
 
 en, not Jen'tl- 
 
 fl, not jog'ra- 
 
 rl, not Jom'e- 
 
 . Jioiguv'nur. 
 •t fjrcv'Ius. 
 ot f? rim 'ace. 
 -per'cha, not 
 
 -ras'. 
 
 nwnoh. 
 
 It. 
 
 .f U 
 : in. 
 
 v'un. 
 
 WORDS OFTEN MISPMONOUNVED. 213 
 
 height, hit, not hith. 
 
 heinouB, Iia'nus, not Iian'yus nor 
 
 IIC'UUH. ' 
 
 heroine, hOr'o In, not hf.r'o-in, nor 
 lio'ro-in. 
 
 hideous, hld'e-us, not he'jus, nor 
 nij'us. 
 
 horizon, ho-ri'zun, not lior'l-zn. 
 hospital, hos'pltal, not os'pi.tai 
 hostile, hos'tll, not hos til, ,ior 
 
 liaws'tll. 
 hover, huv'er, not lifiv'er. 
 hundred, hun'drpd, not imn'durd. 
 Idea, i-de'a, not i-de', nor l-de'-ar 
 idol, i'dol, not i'dl. 
 impiously, im'pi-us-ii, noil im-pi'- 
 
 individual, in-dl-vid'u-al, not in- 
 
 di-vid'do-al. 
 Industry, in'dus-trl, «oi! in-dus'trl 
 inexplicable, in-eks'pll-ka-bl, not 
 
 111 eks-plik'a-bl. 
 Inquiry, iu-kwi'rf, not in'kwl-rl 
 msects, in'sekts, not in'seks. 
 instead, in-sted', not in-siid' 
 institute, in'stl-tut, not In'st'l toot 
 
 So m-sti-tution. 
 interesting, in'ter-est-ing, not in 
 
 ter-est'ing-. 
 iron, i'urn, not i'run. 
 isosceles, i-sos'se-lOz, not i-sos'loz 
 jaunt, jant, not jawnt. 
 jocund, jok'und, fio^Jo'kund 
 jowl, j61,»jo< jowl, 
 kept, kept, not kep. 
 kettle, ket'tl, not kit'tl. 
 kindness, kiiid'noH, not kiiVucs 
 label, la'bol, not la'bl 
 
 lamentable, lam'en-ta-bl, not 1« 
 ment'a-bl. ' ' '"" 
 
 launoii, lanch, not landi 
 lavvncli. ' 
 
 legate, leg'at, not le'giit. 
 
 leper, lep'er, not le'per 
 lettuce, let'tis, not let'tus. 
 library, li'brn-rl. not li'brf. 
 lord, lord, jjo< jawurd. 
 lucid, IQ'sid, no/ loo'sld. 
 lurid, lu'rid, no* loo'rid 
 luxury, luks'u-rr, not l.isrz'u-rr 
 matin, mat'in, not mn'tin. 
 
 nor 
 
 I matron, ma'tron, not mat'ron 
 I mechanist, mek'aii-ist, no< ' me- 
 kan'ist. 
 
 medium, me'dl-um, not me'jura. 
 miracle, mir'a-kl, not mrr'akl 
 mischievous, inis'chiv-us, not 
 
 rniscliOv'i-us. 
 mongrel, mung'grel, not mon'grel. 
 mountainous, mown'iiuus, not 
 
 mown-tan'y us. 
 nature, uiit'yur, not na'tur. 
 nausea, naw'she-a, not iiaw'se-a. 
 
 bo nau'se-ate. 
 neuter, nii'ter, not noo'tor. 
 new, nu, not noo. 
 nominative, nom'I-na-tiv, not 
 
 noin'na-tlv. 
 none, nun, not non. 
 nothing, nflth'ing, not ndth'ing. 
 oceanic, o-she-an'ik, not o-shan'ik, 
 
 nor o-se-an'ik. 
 odious, o'dl-us, not o'jus. 
 ominous, om'in-us, not o'min-us. 
 once, wuHH, not wunst. 
 onyx, O'niks, not on'iks. 
 opinion, o piu'yun, not pin'yun. 
 opponent, op-po'neut, not op'oo- 
 nent. 
 
 orange, or'cnl, not ornj. 
 Orion, ori'un, not o'ri-un. 
 oxide, oks'Td, not oks'Id. 
 patron, pa'tron, not pat'ron. 
 
 ^^^^ «^'Pe'd''l-«o<ped'al. 
 pedal {noun), ped'al, not pp'dal. 
 ■Persian, pcr'shan, not per'zhaL 
 petrel, pet'rel, not pe'frpl. 
 Piano-forte. pr-ii'no-(6r/te The 
 pronunciation plan'o-fort, so often 
 "t'ard, is not sanctioned, 
 piKeon, pij'un, not pij'in. 
 pincers, pin'serz, not pin'cherz. 
 pith, pith not peth. 
 plait, plat, not plot, 
 plateau, plii-to', not pliit-o'. 
 poison, poi'zu, not pi'zn. 
 police, po les', not plos. 
 poniard, pon'yard, not poin'yard 
 potato, po-ta'to, not pnta'to. 
 j prau-le, pr.i'n, not per-n'ri. 
 preface {nmm and verb), prerace 
 I not pre'fnce. ' 
 
214 
 
 THIRD READER. 
 
 pretty, prit'I, not pret'I. So pret'- 
 tily. 
 
 produce {.noun) prod'uce, not pro'- 
 duci'. 
 
 quote, kwote, not kote. 
 
 quorum, kwo'rum, not ko'rura. 
 
 quotient, kwo'-slicnt, not ko'- 
 shent. 
 
 ration, rn'shun, not rash'un. 
 
 recess, re-scs', not re'sos. 
 
 regicide, rej'l-sid, not ro'jlsld. 
 
 reptile, rep'tll, not rcp'til. 
 
 rhubarb, roo'barb, not roo'bub. 
 
 rid, rid, not rud. 
 
 rind, rind, not rin, nor rind. 
 
 rufllan, ruf'yau or ruf'I-an, not 
 ruf'in. 
 
 sacrifice {noun), sak'ri-fiz or sak'- 
 rl-fis, not sa'kri-f iz. ( 
 
 saline, sa-lin' or sa'lin, not sa'len. 
 
 saliva, sa-li'va, net sal'i-va. 
 
 salver {a plate), sal'ver, not sii'ver. 
 
 sat, Bat, not sot. 
 
 saucy, saw'st, not suh'I, nor sa'sl. 
 
 sausage, saw'sej, not sas'ej. 
 
 scalene, ska-lGn', not ska'len. 
 
 sceptic, skcp'tik, not sep'tik. 
 
 screw, skroo, not skru. 
 
 senile, ne'iill, not se'nil, 
 
 senna, aen'na, not se'na, nor kC'iiI. 
 
 shut, shut, not sliet. 
 
 since, since, not senco. 
 
 sinew, sin'u, not sin'66. 
 sit, sit, not at't. 
 
 slept, slept, not slop, 
 snout, snowt, not snoot, 
 sofa, so'fa, not so'fl. 
 sorry, sor'rl, not saw'rt. 
 spaniel, span'yel, iiot span'cl. 
 spirit, splr'it, not sporMt. 
 steward, stii'ard, not stOo'ard. 
 strength, stren<fth, not stronth. 
 stupid, stu'pid, not stoo'pid. 
 subtle {sly), sut'l, 7iot sub'tl. I 
 
 such, such, »jp<socIi, nor sich. 
 suite, swot, not sut, nor soot, 
 supple, sup'l, not Boo'pl, 
 suppose, sup-poz, not spoz. 
 swept, swept, not swep. 
 syrup, sir'up, not sur-up. 
 tenet, teu'et, not te'net. 
 tepid, tep'id, not te'pid. 
 thousand, tliow'zand, not thow'- 
 zan. 
 
 tortoise, tor'tiz or tor'tis, not tor- 
 tois. 
 
 tour, toor, not towr. So tour'ist. 
 toward, to'urd, not to-wawrd'. 
 tranquil, trang'kwil, not tran'kwil. 
 troche, tro'ke, not trOc, nor tro'che. 
 tube, tub, not toob. 
 Tuesday, tuz'dl, not tOOz'dl. 
 tune, tun, not toon, 
 twelfth, twrifth, not twelf. 
 tyrainnic, tiran'nic, not tl-ran'nic. 
 umbrella, um brcl'la, not um-brll'. 
 
 la, nor um-ber-cl'a, nor umber-el', 
 velvet, vel'vot, not vel'vit. 
 vicar, vic'ar, not vi'car. 
 victory, vic'to rl, not vic'trl. 
 villain, vil'lin, not vil'un. 
 vineyard, vin'yard, not vin'yard. 
 violet, vi'o-let, not voi'let. 
 volume, vol'yum, not vol' iim. 
 was, woz, not wuz. 
 well, wel, not will, 
 were, wer, not witur. 
 windward, wlud'ward, not wlnd'- 
 
 urd. 
 
 wrestle, res'l, not res'tl, nor ras'l. 
 
 wrong, rong, not rawng. 
 
 yacht, yot, not yat. 
 
 yes, ygs, not yJs, nor yaits, nor yC. 
 
 yet, yet, not yit. 
 
 yonder, yon'der, not yen'der, not 
 
 yun'der. 
 zealot, zf'l'ut not zGl'ut. 
 zenith, ze'nith, not zen'ith. 
 
^ 
 
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m 
 
7 ^9 B N C 
 
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