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By EOBSRf BELL, Jr. X^xtt'oeted/rom the Canadian Mttwralut.) T iisrwm jtmt hi(^ mcHoi^As strbbt. 1669. ■> i lafBS w •- 1' ^ * r ON THK NATURAL HISTORY OF inn GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE, r AND THK DISTRIBUTJON OF THE MOLLUSCA OP EASTERN CANADA BY ROBERT BELL, Jr. Extracted from the Canadian Naturaliit. fHonltral: PRINTED BY JOHN l.OVKLL, AT 1118 STEAM PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT, BT. NICHOLAS STBBMT. 1859. (/4) ^ ON THE NATUIIAL niSTOUY OF TFIE GITLE OF ST. LAWEENCE. Ilnving been employed by Sir W. E. Logan to Jisslst Mr. Ri- ohnidson in liis gicdoiT'cal e\pl >ration- in tlu; Gulf of St. Lawrenco durinui; (lio smnnior of I808, and at the same time to collect as many specimens as possililc, to ilhistrate the natural history of that ])art of the Province,* the following lists, prepared bv hia directions, contain a brief summary of my ob'^ervations, too-ether with numerons facts rei>;arding: the distribution of tiic Mollusca in other parts of the country. The district explored is that part of the Province below Quebec whi(di is bounded on the north west by the St, Lawrenci*, ( ast by the Gulf, and south-cast by the Bay of Chalenrs and Uistig uKihe River, and is chiefly (ionipiised in the counties of Kirnonski, Gaspe, and l)onaventnre. I^y referring to a map of the Province tlie locahties ment'oMcd in this article will be readily found, the greater nnmher of them being situated on the sr,i;th-cast side of the St.. Lawrence, between Quebec andGispe. in these lists I give the luimcs of all the localities at which ea-a spi'cies was found when not generally difl'uscd, from whicdi some inferences may be drawn in regard to tlieir geograi)hical distribution ; and I must here acknowlcilge my indebtedness to Mr. D'Urhan of the Geoloirical Survey, who most kimlly furnislied me witli a list of the Birds, and drew up the accompanying Catalogues of '?oleop- tera, Lepidoptera, and I'lants. * During the summer of 1857, I accompanied the same party on an expedition to the Gulf, and some observations which I then made on the natural history of the country through which we passed are published in the Report of Progress for that year. N'ERTEUkATA. MAMMALIA. V( •pertUlo suhnlcJiix (Say's 15, it). — Nmnoioi:s in t'lc v;i!!ii>s o1' the Kistii^Miiclie iiii'l MatiMuilia ItivxTs. I killc 1 one of t'ltMii with inv tisliir.ijf ii)d, which in its cag'.n'iii'^s t-) t;ik*' the Init froiii my liook, (li:aek, and tlu^ohe", wlueh is said to be ini)re leiMcioii-, hlick with a white sj>ot on th*! breast. The I'ur of the (Jasjiu beat's is of a hie'hly superior <|'iai'ty. ^fn-((i(i marft's {^\'h(^ Pine Martin). — The jiidiin- l.iin^- heme from their wiiit r hiints, more of the ^kins of the-e aiiima's Lh::n of any otiier. M. vison (The Mink). — Ranks next to the marten in its impnr- tan( e to the Indian Imnter. }f. valiidi'is (Tile Co;iiinon \V«'a-e!). — Abundant. M. (.\tiiiidinsis (T!ie Fi.-her). — Does not seem to lie very abun- dant, but the Indians always lirin;;' to maik'-t. a few of their skins wben th'-v return from their hunts. Mcj.Ii'tis Annrimna (The Skunk). — Not uneommon, and some- times kiUed bv hunters for its skin, wliieh is u.se 1 for makincj sleigh lobes. Lalra Cauodcnsi-; (The Canada Otter). — Very abund int along everv stream. One of our Indians told me that lie once seeurod thr( e otters of laroje size, with one shot. Jle said, that ai't r watch- wi'Z for them some time, they all cam,' U[) toinjli'T t!iro'i(rh a h:ije ill the ie<', \vh 'ii he aimed at the mi hlh' one a'ld killed it on the spot, only a few e;i;i;ns of sliot striking the other two, who immediately set on one another, as thiaiga mutually supposing each other to be the cause of their pain, an I during the comhat he dispatched them hoih with his tomahawk. (JanU lit/i/is (Tiie Common Wolf . — I was in'brmed by the [ndians that the wolf dots not come farther north than the St. John ll,iv(.'r, wb.ere ihey are sometimes seen in -mall pa^dcs, and destroy ih':- yomig moose. C. fiil'-'us ('l'h<' American Fox). — T!ire«> varieties of the fo\', the bhuk, siUa'rgrey and yellow, e.vist thougliout the di.-triet. L'/ux C'liiidcnsis (The Lou[>-eervier or Canada l-'y">>) — Abundant, and nuudi sought after by the hunters. Phuca — ? (Seal). — A seal generally of a moMJed grey colour, ascends the St. Lawrence beyond (yaeuiina. Fartlier down the river, we somv times saw, during summer, quite a uum! er of thetn Bwimmiiii; totjethcr. vnllios oj' 'kmii with froiii my 111. two spi;- )M ; there Lv, wliii-h !»' breast. r. II4" lionic iia's Lh;ii Is iinpof- vy ;ib'iri- r'lv skins lid sonie- makiiiif lit along SOl'UIOr! r watch- ro'ii^ii a el h on \vo, who ij|po,sini( coiiilia! by th" i^t. t]o]]n ilcslroy lie fov, liet. yiix) — colour, wn the of them I Cantor fho- (The I'eaver). — Formerly wiien I ho Inr "-f ilio beaver broiiiijht sneh a IiIljIi ]>iie", they wire very nineh liuiteii in tills ji.'irt of flic coiuitrv, btit since it hns fallen to les-* than quarter of what it w;is, ilic Icdiaiis (|o not kill tlniu, e\'s whii li tliev bail loiion;ueiiture. Thev biMome liu'lit ive Hat t'^p of Mount Albert, one of tlis latiixe, repoiied th;it there, an area of jri.'Mt extent w.is stiewn with vast (piantiiies of frfii:inents of their horns, most of which o-^ive evidence of u'leat .■uitiquitv. AVES. Ilirlla'tKM Ici/cncfphalus, Linn. (Bald Kao-lc). — Iinmatiire iiidi- vidnals freijucntly seen from Cficen Island tcj .Martin liivir, in June and July, and an adult on the Kistiuouehc, Auiiiist i^lst. At St. Anne, on June iTlli, 1 saw one of this species flying oft' 6 \siili .» lopof striii!» of sonwcod t.'iitan::;l('(l in its cl.iws, ;in 1 on (lie "O'.li fit ili'i s.iiiK! Ixality F oliscrvf.l a 1;iil><- <\'>,u;1<', \vlii<'li I took t'> Id' iliis s].fc!.'s, and wliirh, al'b-r hoveling about lor .sdiiio lini*', daslie'l into the walor at the month of the river, with such velo- ritv that it eniiroly disappeared bcnoa'h the surfare for some s(>i'ond<, risiiinf ;\uain with a lish of r(.n'«ith;r;d)h' size, apparently of the specie- (■oniiiionly called the Sea Toad {('oflHsGncn/diidirus) and Hew utlwith ii towards the mountains inland. 1 jneked up wini^-featl'.ers of this ^poeies on several oecasioiis on the shore, }ind at (ire< II Tsliunl and Marcouin Itiver I was shown wings of specimens which had heeii sliot at tho>e phiees. Anl nr fuscu.% Gme\. (Sharp-shinned llawk). — Two specimens observed at Capuchin, about the (dearings, in August. Stiruia fanerea, (rmel. (II;iwk Owl). — When at (Jieen Island I was shown tlie head and wines uf a specimen which was shot there al)out the middle of October. Sijniiiini vebulosum, (rinel. (Barred Owl). — Occurred on the Marcouin Kivor. Chrvde'ilcti Virf/iniamis, Briss. (Nightjar, Mosquito Hawk). — Observed at Olialte River June 18th, Ste. Anne, June 28ili to July 1 7th, and at the mouth of tlie Matapedin Augu-^i 28th. At Ste. Anno July 17th, I was sliown the eggs of this s[)ecies (lcj)osit(^l on the bale ground witliout any attempi at a nest. The parent bird was sitting on iliem, and although very frequently disturbed for some days, and her eirgs much handled, one caving been even (iiacked, she made no atteinot to remove tin in, as this binl is said to do on similar occasions, and she invariably returned to the ne^t, as soon as we left the spot, ])rop!ibly be 'ause the eg'is were nearly hatcdied. She;ippeaied incommoded by the daydight, and permitted us to a})jtroach very closely before she took to tligld. JJhuiido bicolor^ Vieill. (White-bellied Swallow). — Very abun- dant at ('ape idiatte and Sie. Anne, June 28th and 30th, and at Martin lliver July 20lh. This species breeds in h les in dei-ayed trees standing on clearings, in vast numbers at the, above locali- ties. Hirnn'h fiilva. Vieill. (Clirt'Swaliuvv). — Numerous at Metis, at the beginning of June. Hnundo r/ stica, Linn. (I'arn Swallow), — Abundant at Trois Pistoles, whei'e t'.iev were buildinsj: their nests under the eaves of a store, May 80th, also observed at Metis, June lOlh, and near Long J'oint, June 15th. Jfinivifo fipinia, Linn. (Sand Martin). — A few observed mak- ing holes in a sand cliti' on the banks of the river at Ste. Anne, June '28th. Si/loicola corona to. Lath. (Yellow-crowned Warbler.) — One t^hot at (Jreen Island Village, May 25th. a- -ij. I on (lie <"li I took line liiiu', ui(;l» velo- tor some l)|>;irontly yhnidlrvs) ifkcd up tlic shore, wings of ipecirnens 1 Island 1 was shot d on the lawk).— I to July Ste. Anne ''i on the l»iid was for some <;iackofl, to do on :, as soon hatched. ted us to eiy abun- li, and at decayed k'c locali- Metis, at at Trois eaves of iiid near ed mak- te. Anne, r.) — One Trofflodtjtfi/t h/emnlis, Vleill, (Winter Wren). — Observed i>t\ ihe Patap(!dia River, September oth. Poms (itrioipillns, Linn. (Uhick-eap Tit). — First seen on the Patapelia, vSeptember f)th, afterwards frequently observed in vari- ous localities. Regulnx mtrnpa, I>ich. (Ameriean Golden-crest). — Several gpccimciis were obtained at Riviere du Loup, May 18th. Turdns wiffrnformn, Linn. (Robin). — Numerous at Riviere du Loup, Caeouna, Metis, Matanne, Long Point, Chatte River, Ste. Anne, Marcouin and Matajiedia rivers. At Mareouin river, July 24th, T observed numorous young birds feeding on the maggots and grubs in rotten fish. AnlhHH Li«hvicianvs, Lieb. (American Pipit). — Abundant, running about on low flats near the sea shore at Riviere du Loup, May 10th and 20th, Caeouna May 2'2d, Green Island Viil.age, May 2r)th, and Rimouski June 5th. The colour of tbis bird bo exactly resembles the tint of the low, wet ground, stained yellow- ish with iron, and covered with withered herbage, where it resorts in immense numbers, that although hundreds were running around me, I could distinguish none till they rose in the air. Alauda alpestris, Linn. (Shore Lark). — In large flocks on the stubble in the wheat-fields at the beixinninnr of October, about Rimouski. Plcctrnphanes nivalis, Liim. (Snow Bunting). — Large flocks at Kamarouska at the beginning of November. Mr. Richardson captured a specimen alive, which had been injured by flying against the Telegraph Wire. Emberiza .sociolis, Wils. (Chipping Buntirg). — Common at Riviere du Loup, Rimou'^ki, Long Point, atid Cliatt'^ River. Niphaia hi/cnafis, Linn. (Common Snow Bird). — Abundant from Riviere du Louj) to Martin River, and at Little Lake Mata- pedia. 1 saw young birds full grown at Sto. Anne, July 15th, and found a nest containing 4 o^j^g^^, July 17th. Curduelis irhtis, Linn. (Yellow-bird or Goldfinch). — Common at St. Fabien and along the coa4 to M;irtin River. FrliKjdla Penm^i/lvtmica, Laili. (White-throated Sparrow). — Very numerous everywhere about the clearings along the coast. I found a nest contaiiung four eggs near Long Point, June IGtb. It was on tha gronufl and composed of dry grass. The eggs were bluish with some dull red spots at the larger end. ErythroHpiza purpurea, Gmel. (Purple Finch). — One speci- men observed at St. Fabien, May 30th, and flocks were setm at Ste. Anne, July 18th. Agclnius phceniceun^ Linn. (Red-winged Starling, " Blackbird"). — Two seen at Ste. Anne, July 17th. 8 Quiscalus ferruqincus, Lath. (Rusty (irakle). — Nuriieroiis Hlocks seen iti the doarings {ilonir Metis River, and between Metis and Rimouski, in September and October. Corvus Americanus, And. (Common American Crow.) — Abundant ail along tlie coast, ri'('(lin.r on Littorina, and digj^ing up Ml/a annaria at low tide. They frequently carry the latter » considerable distance from tlio water, and at Cacouna the empty valves were lying in great numbers on the cliffs in the vicinity of their nests. At Trois ri.-toles T found an old nest /learlv lill.'d with tlic shells of Succinea obliqua, each having a hole picked in it. On one occadon having wounded a Crow, I tied him t) t e root of a tree, and his outcries soon attracted an !inmc:iSL! number of his fellows, several of which I shot. Near (Jrecn Island Village I saw a flock chasing a Fox round a field. At Cacouna, May 21st, I found two nests on Spruce trees, one contained 5 eggs nearly hatched, and as is usual with the eggs of I e C.rvina', they differed much in colour and markings. The other nest contained four unfledged young, two being much larger than the others. It was also an abundant bird on the Ristigouche in August. Garrulas cristatus, Linn. (Blue Jay). — One seen at Little Lake Matapedin. August 10th. GarrulusCai/adenais, Linn. (Canada Jay, "Moosebird "). — Very oommon all over the district in the Forest, often api)roaching within .1 yard or two of us, when at our meals, in its well known familiar manner. The Indians consider this bird one of their greatest annoyances, as it steals the bait f'om their traps, and devours their moose-meat when hanging up to smoke. One of our Indians told me, that the preceding winter, while in the act of skinning a deer one of these birds commenced feeding on the flesh, and he *plit its skull with his knife. Boinhi/cilla Carolinensis, Briss. (Cedar Blrdj. — Common at Metis, Sto. Anne, and at the mo.ith of the Marconin river. Sitta Canademis, Linn. (Ked-bellied Nuthatch). — Several observtu^ AugiKf, icth, at Little Lake Matapedia, and one picked up u«af| near the foot of Big Lake Matapedia. Trochilus colubris, Linn, (llumjiiing-bird). — One seen at Metis .^bout the ndddle of August. Alcedo alci/oi), Linn.. (Belted King-fisher). — Abundant on every river and lake throughout the district, from May 19th to the end of September. A hole about thiee or four feet from the top of a sand clift' near the mouth of the River Ste. Anne, in whi h a pair of Kingfisheis had their eggs, I found to be up- wards of six feet in depth. Picm pileatus, Linn. (Pileated Woodpecker, "Log-cock"). — I % Little was irivcn a speciiTKU which was killed near Gieen Island. The Indians report it to be rare in this district. Picas I'illosns, Linn. (Hairy Woodpecker). — I sliot a specimen at Ste, Anne, June 2Sth, and anotiier I noticed on the SOth June at the same place, h;.ii its nest in a White Birch tnc about 36 feet from the ground, and the young were distinctly heard. This Woodpecker w;is also observed between St. Fabicn and Bic, Mar- ronin and Martm Rivo's. Ectnplsles micfratoria, Linn. (Passenger Pigeon). — Not very nunieron*, but a few seen at t'hatte River, Ste. Anne, Matanne and Metis. It, \^ as rather numerous in August between Metis and Matf'pedi I Lab'S, and on the Ristigouche. Tctrao vmhelluH, Linn. (Ruffed Grouse, "Partridge"). — Near Rimouski, but r.itiier scarce. Tetrao CnnoiJensi , Linn. (Canada Grou.-e, " Spi'uce Par(ride-e"). On the 25th June, [ was shown one which was cauy'lit in a trap near Matanne. I observed several on the Marcouin River at the end of July, and on the SOtli July we met an old Giouse w.'th her brood about half gtown, which flew at us a^^ we passed, exactly as a coniinon hen would have done. A few occurred near the Matepedia Lakes, but it was by no means as plentiful as on the Magda'en River last summer. Strrpniliis interpres^ [jinn. (Turnstone). — Observed at Green Island October 2Gtli. Trinqa pusi/la, Wils. (Little Sand|>iper). — Abundant at Riviere du Loup and Green Island in May, and at Chatte and Martin Rivers in July, Trbiga., ? — A Sandpiper which Mr. D'Uiban has been miable to identify, was shot at the mouth of the Marsoni river, Aui.';u>t 4th. Totatntx solitnriua, Wils. (Solitary S;tndpi]ier). — One specimen shot August 31st, on the RistigDindie where it was abundant. Tokinux vonfcrua, WiU. (Tell-tale Tatler). — Many [)airs seen at Riviere du Loup, May 20th. Srolopax NoiH'.hnmceiiHis^ Gmil. (Red-breasted Snipe). — One specimen obtained out of a lartj(> floidc near Green Lland, May 25th. Anhn Nycllcornx., LiuTi. (Nii^ht Heron, "Swamp Hen"). — Abund.ant in the swamps n<'ar DaHiousie, N.B., also observed on the Patape lia and near Lake Metis. Anscr Cdnadensis^ Linn (Common Wild (xoose). — Abundant at Rimouski at the beginning of Jujie, near Cliatte River June 17th, and in vast flocks near Green Island and Cacouna at the end of October. Anner leucopsis, Bechst. (Haruacle Goose, "Berneche" of the 10 Canadians). — Grf at numbers were passinjj down the coast when I was at Rirnonski on 1st October, and I saw many that were shot by th(? numerous guiinor* sfaiioned on the quay over which ihe Geese passed in their course, anl they were also numerous at the end of the month at Green Island. FnUgnla Fasca^hmu, (Velvet Duck). — Numerous flocks observ- ed aioiio- ihe coast from J. me 17th. l)oad specimens were picked up on the sea shore near Ste. Anne in July. Fulilack Guillemot). — Very abundant at ELare Island at the beginning of M.iy, at Green Island at the entl of that month, and at Sie. Anne, and near Martin River in July. At the last named locality a tisheimin informed me, that they generally lay three egus, but that he has found five in one nest. On our return to Green Island, October 2Gth, it was still numerous there. CobimhuH ghtcialis, Linn. ("Loon"). — Observed at Rimouski, Marcouin Itiver, and on Lake Metis. Cobpnhnu s('/)tcn.trioii(ills, Linn. (Red-throated Diver). — Auti- costi, Mr. Richardson, 1850. '=i 11 4'i REPTILIA. Reptiles ap ^ar to hi', very scarce in lliis distritit, and tlie three foilnwiiinr i.)) c so vvidclv distributed over Canada were ihc most fref]ucnilv ly. witli : Tiopidonotus sirtalh, Linn. (Striped or Garter Snake). Rnria pipifus, fimel. (Leopard P^io:,'). Sialanunalra, (Plethodon) cnjthronota, Green, (Red-backed Salamander.) PISCES. For tlm scientific names of several of the fishes mentioned in the followiiiiv list, T am indel)ted to Principal Dawson, of McGill (yoli'gp, who kindly favonred me with a li-t of those whiidi I had preserved in spiiits; hut of mmy ccmnion species I did not pieserve spcciiniMis, and mention them here merely to note some fact connected wifh their liistorv in oui' waters. Gaslerosteiis bidculeaius, (Tliree-spined Stickleback). — Tn the greatest abundance in small streams, ponds, ditclie-, (fee, near the shore. T also found a spe. itnen amoni; some trout, caught in a net in Lake MiJapedia, which magnificent sheet of water is about 500 fi'ct above the sea. G.piivuitiiiH?* (Ten-spiued Stickleback). — Same habitat as the preceding species. Cottiis Gnenlandicus, (Sea Toad). — Very numerous in shallow water at fishing stations, wheie it seems to feed on the off"ul thrown into the water. C. , (Fresh-water Bullhead). — Ristigouche River and Metis Lakes. Scomher vernnlis, (Tlie Mackarel). — Is said to asiend the rivM' no farther tliMu liimonski; but is not abundant for a con- siderable distance faitber down. S'llnio sa/d)', (The Salmon). — Ascetids all the R'vers in the peninsula width are not shut np by mill-dams. The ikistignuche River and its tributaries are consideied the best of all for salmon fishing, and the Ste. Anne of those on the south-east side of the St. Lawrence. S. fontimdis, (Common Brook Trout). — Very abandant in everv stream and lake often at a aTcat lieiirht above the sea, and in apparently inaccessible places. S. tr^tfta, (The Sea Trout). — The same fish as that referred to on page 07 of this volume, is abundant for a short distance up jdl I '<• streams in Oaspe, and is also caught in gill nets set at right angles to the shore near the mou'hs of the rivers. (?) G. Dckayi, Ag. 12 Osmerns vindesccns, (The Smelt).— Caught in llio fisheiio? jilonc: wi'h sardines. They are also taktm very reailiiy wiiii the hook and iiiif. Alosit i>r(s far up a-- the salt wa'er extends. C. dongata (Common, Ilerrini>-). — The hcning fishery is not much attended to on the south-oihels taken in a day by the inhabitants of one place. AraniodtjU's Amer/rana, (Sand Launce). — Abundant, aniisil\ Island, not far fromTroisT'istoles, ,'in>l that ?omo scisnjis they elin in spring", b.it remain after tlu^y have dis- appi'.-in d. M. cpj/lefinuH, (Tli;; ITadtloi-lv). — Taken with eo 1 at nil the fisii- incf stiitions, and a f'W are soM iriixed up willi tin m ; hut when Rohl se]aiat'-ly tliev l>iinir ;i much lower price. M. pruiiiosn^ (The Toineod). — I'leutii'ul in the inouth:s of river< iVom tlie eoiinty of Ilimouski upwards. This i'^ the sune tisli wduch is t.iken iii sueli great ahnnd ;i!re at Tiirwe liive'^ during- the winter. Mdlcllacimhria? (The Four b avded Iv^eklinL'V — One speeiinei'. from Ste Anne. 'J'liis apptvii's to he t!ie lir.-t ti i'" the occurrence of this ^p"cies has been n()t«d on this coast. Zo'ircus vivi/mr'is, (The Viviparns l>'enny). — A Ijk'iiny whi(di cannct be distinixuis'tied from this speciies, was c,aiiQ:ht in thedrei|f>'e in dt^cp water otf Marcouin, which is, 1 believe, ihc tirst time it lia.s been fcjniid in the (lulf. Ililip '[ll'tssas fKh/'jr/'s, (The Ifalilrai). — These largG Hsh asecnd the St Lawro'ice as far as (ircen [slant, and are can^-ht in con - •sideraMe numbers at all the fishiiiir stations. 1 was informed that tliey were sometimes canglit b(?tween six and seven fei.-t in lo igth : but I never saw one iiuite so large, althouLrh th"V trenerallv at- tain H considerable size. Sp'tWix acauthias^ (.Sjino'is l)ug-fisli). — At T^es Islets I saw a spinous slijirk, whicii, [ have no cloubt, fr')m my notes, was this s[)eci','s. It was ,i \o.\\ 1 irg(; sp cinien, an.l was br.uiglit a-hore by ftonie i;ieii, who c;iiig!it it when fishing for cod. Rai't radiiitd (St.'iriv Uav). — Occasionallv caug'it with codfish at Ste. Anne. .'V hunter hero cures the fle>h of the starrv ray, with whi(di he biits his tr; ,is in winter, and says that it is preferable to any other for some ainnials. Sniinn — A iis'i ofthi-; gMius. callc 1 by the Iniims '* Toasf,"' and by the Fren< h (,'analiaus '-Touiadi," exists in great numbers in all the laiger hdc'S, but are said never to be foun 1 in any (tf the jiverfi. [ii th(! Metis Lake- they arcs lid to be of the same avera^'e size as the silmon, and are taken in winter by dropping a liiK; thron.'h a iioh^ cut in the ice. A settler at Lakci Metapedia loll US that he could spear er^ougli of them in two nights to last his family all winter. They are of a mufh darker colour than thesdm'Mi tro'.it. The hend is la'ge. au'i the l>ody '.ipers regu- larly to t!ie fail. Thellcsh is of a ydlow colour, and for the table is cfjual to t!ie salmon. In tiie Metis Lakes there are, beaivles 14 " Toair" aiid a larn-e red variety of S. fontinalis, called " Ranr," at least two otiier species of the genus 8almo. Corer/nniis. — A sperit's of ht'rriii>)' tiowt, probably C. clupcifor- mis, Hbuiuuis in the deep clear water of the Metis Laila( k eel is extremely abundant in the Metis Lakes and River. Tlie remains of a contrivaiica for catching these fish, whieh was ioiirj aijo built bv the Indians almost a^iioss a narrow part of the lower Lake, are still in existence. Pldtessn. — Flounders, or as the French Canadian fi<1iormen callel them Plaise, were taken in great abundance witli cod lines at Ste. Anne and other places, and iised for manuring land. Small ilatfish are also taken among shoals of capelin. invertf:p>rata. CRUSTACEA. Hi/as fimi-ostra ? — A spider crab agreeing witli Say's descrip- tion of Lissa fi.ssirostixt and DeKay's II//as coarctata^ (but not however with Bell's descri] t on under the same name,) in ti-hing grounds of moderate depth, and especially at Ste. Anne, and were devoured in great numbers by almost all kinds of fisli. In the stomachs of halibut some very lar^e specimens were procured, but the largest of a!i were caught by fishermen with co 1 hooks. The carapace of one of these measures 4 inches from the anterior to the posterior oxtrenrty. This is finite a diiferent crab from the large Maia, parts of which Principal Dawson obtained in Gaspo Bay. Cancer irroratus. — This is prob.-.bly the most abnndant crab in the Gulf. The breadth of the carapace of the largest specimen in the collection is 4^ inches. Pat/urus Bernhardus. — Abundant in shells of Natica, Bucci- num, Fusus, . Our f" them barrels was Astacus Bartonii.- -The common crawfish is abutiflant in the Mat peilia, Kostigouche .nul Metis Rivers, and in 1867 I found a specimei) just below the hiijfh falls of the Ouiatchouan, which emp- ties into the soutli side of Lake St. John. Cranf/on vulgaris. — Although tlie common shrimp is abundant in the Sr. Lawrence, and lar^'ely devoured by the cod, the fisher- men have not yet got into the way of using them for b;iit. C. scu/ptus. — A specimen corresponding nearly witii Bell's des- 8cri|)tioii of this, was caught in the dredge, otf Ca[)e Chatte, Hippolyte (?). — A shiimp of this genus was dredged near Metis ; but the specimen is so much damaged, that the species m not satisfactorily determined. Orchentia (?). — A species of beach flea swarms in all the pools left by the receding tide. MOLLUSCA. Gasteropoda (Marine). Fusus scalariformis. — IN-ter River, Ste. Anne and Marconin, in stomachs of haddock and flounders, and living specimens dredged in GO fathoms at the latter place. F. Idandicun. — Trent, Sie. Anne and Marcouin, not common. F. toniotus (Goulu). — I'arts of laige individuals were found on the shore at Kimouski, and complete specimen^* near Ste. Anne. This is the same species as the one so common in the I'ust Plio- cene clays near Montreal. F. di^cerncontatus. — Two good specimens in a collection of shells brought Irom near Cape Gaspe by Sir W. E. Logan in 1844. F. ryfua. — Numerous specimens from stomachs offish at Ruis- Bcau Vallee. F. Burii£ius. — Same source. Plcurotuma bicnrinotu ? — One specimen from same source. Bnccinum undatum. — Whole coast from Riviere du Loup downwards; very al)undant at low tide, and constitutes one of the principal articles of bait used by the fishermen alter the capelin have disappeared. B. DoitovLtni. — Dead specimens were found at different parts below St. Flavie. jN^a.ssa trivittatas — Plentiful in Bay Chaleur as far up as Dal- housie, but was not observed on the north coast of Gaspe, although it was found by Piincipal Uawson in Gaspe Bay. N. obnoLeta. — A number of specimens in Sir W. E. Logan's collection from the gulf Purpura lapillus. — Whole coast below Little Metis; extremely abundant and used as bait for cod. 16 Tricholropls horealis. — Dead spec'mens obtained at Sto. Anne and near Cape Cliatte. Ve/a'ina haliotoides (Jccvigata). — S(e. Anne, in stoinaclis of flounders rare ; living- spi;(;imeiis dredi^ed in dee[) watT ott" Mar- soni. Lamdlnrla persp'icua. — Ruissean Vallee, one spocinu'ii amongst fish utt'il. Nation heron. — L;irji;e an 1 abundant in tlie sandy cove* alnng the (Jaspe roas'. Great niiiiilKMs of ihein oi" small size were tound on the i)each near Dalhovisie, N.B. iV. clansti. — C'ollected on the shore at Bic and St. Ln(;e, and found ple'itifully in stoinaelis of fish at Capiu-hin, Ste. Anne, Riiis- seau Vallee and Maicouin. iV^. triseriata. — I found ihis species in Magd;deii I>ay in 1857, but nevei- in any othe! place. N.fl'iva f — Kiniou-ki, I.es Isli:-(s and Olande. N. hc'licoidcs. — Marcouin, in stomachs of haddock. RoHtellaria occidental is. — Incoinphte specimens common at Bic. A young specmen was procured at (dande, and a perfect one al Ste. Anne. Hissod minntn, — Green Island and Long Foint, abundant. Lacuna vinctn. — Very abundant from Rimonski downwards. LUtorinn pal/iata. — Whole coast from Rivieie Onelle down- wards. At D.illionsie tliey are of a beautiful clear yellow colour. L. rudis including tcnehrosa wdiieh rnay be only a variety. — Wlioie coast. Marcjarila cinerea. — Obtained in considerable numbers from stomai/hs of iiiundcrs and haddoidv at Ste. Aime, and a few from the sauu' sourc" at. Marrouin, Kuiandant along the whole cof.st and in Bay Chaleur. At Les Islets where th« water inside oi' the islets becomes by the heat of the sun percetibiy warmer tlian that outside, these shells exist in iraniense numbers and attain the diameter of 1 inch and 7 lines. ^'1. cceca. — Numerous dead specimens dredged at Marcouin. Chiton marnioreus. — One large specimen found atBic; nume- rous on stones and dead shell* dredged oft' Ste. Anne and Marcouin. and found in fishes' stomachs at coves on the Gaspe coast. (Fresh Water.) Planorhis trivolvu, — L'Orignal on the Ottawa, Lachine, Montreal, and in the Rimouski, Metis and Ristigouche Rivers ; found also, in 1857, in Lake Kenogami, between Chicoutimi and Lake St. John, at the head of the Saguenay. P. camjpanulatus. — Renfrew on the Bonnechere River, Mon- treal, and in shell marl from near Philipsburgh, St. Armand and St, Rose, Terrebonne, and living in Lakes Metis and Matapedia. P. hicarinatus. — Renfrew, L'Orignal, Montreal, in marl from Ste. Rose, Shetibid Mountain and Carleton, Bay of Chaleur, also living in the Ristigouche River. P. lentus. — Renfrew and near Montreal. P, parvus, — L'Oriorial and Montreal, in marl from Anticosti and several localities in tlie E;istern Townships ; inhabits still water throughont the whole of the Peninsula of Graspe. Physa hcterosfivpha. — Mississippi River, L'Orignal, neighbour- hood of Montreal, Eastern Townships, and along the south-east side of the St. Lawrence below Quebec as far down as Gaspe Bay. They sccin to thrive as well and grow to as large a size in Gasp6 as anywhere else. I found a few Physas in some shell marl from Anticosti, which appear to belong to this species. P. aurea. — L'Orignal and Carillon on the Ottawa, Lachine Canal, Montreal, and several localities in the County of Riujonski. P. ancellaria, — L'Orignal and near Rimouski village. P. ehngata. — L'Orignal, Montreal, Green Island, Metis and Ste. Anne (Gaspe.) Limncea megamma, — This fine species was found by Mr. Bil- lings in the Bonnechere River, and by myself in a creek near Hawkesbury Village, where it was rather abunilant. L jugular is {stngnolin). — Plentiful in many streams and small lakes on the sondi side of the Ottawa and in the St. Lawrence near Montreal, and extremely abundant in the Metis Lakes in the county of Uimouski. Z, ra/>trata. — St. Lawrence near Montreal, and vejy plentiful in Lake, Matapedin. L, nuibrosa. — Common in [tonds between Montreal and Lachine, B 18 an.l ne;ir Sto, Anne, (Gaspe) nt vvliicli plaeo I found jui individn.-vf liavinu' its aperture turned to tlic left side. L. rloc/es. — 'I his is by far tlie. Tuoht ( omnion Linin.T'i itdi;d>iting stagnant waters in tlie Ottawa valley and about Montreal, but as it is a variable species, I am uncertain wlicther it occurs or not among those eollectt'd below (Quebec. fj. cntdxrojnum. — Rimouski, Iiisti(«ou(heand Dnitmoutli Kivers, L. opacimi. — St. Lawrence, between St, Xieolas and 8t, An- toine ; alive and pretty abundant at low tide at Point Levi, in the Metis River ab^ve the high fall, Rimouski and "White Rivers. L. acuta. — This is the most abundant species in the sliell mail from Marl Lake, Antieosti, Ancyhis rlvnlaria. — Ohl quarries near tlie mile end toll-gate^ Montreal, Paludina clecisa. — Snuth Nation River, I^'Oiiginal, Lachine Canal and St. Helen's T>hand, Mdaniii acuta, — St. Lawrence, near Montreal and Varennep. M. Niagarcnsis. — Same localities, Amnicola pornta. —Ovcur^ in marl from the Lacliine railway and SlietYord mountain, and was fonnd living in Little Lake^ Mat;ij)edia (County of Rimouski,) Valvata tricarinuta. — Abntidant in marl from Pbilip^bnrgh, St. Armand and the Lachine railway, and inhabits Lake Mata- pedia. V. sincera. — Marl Lake, Antieosti. (Terrestrial.) Hehx altemata. — This is perhaps the most widely diffused spe- cies cif the land snails found in Canada. It occurs abundantly on both sides of the Ottawa, at Montreal, Point Levi o]iposite Quebec, and down the south-east side of the St- Lawivnijc into Gaspe, and is common over the whole peninsula as far as my ob- servations extended, at Dalhousie, N.B., and along the Ristigouche River. //. alholahris. — One of the most common species in the Ottawa Valley, at Montreal and Point Levi, but does not extend so far down as the County of Gasp6, having been last observed (»n the coa^t of Metis. It was, however, found at Lake Malapedia. 25 miles south-east of Metis, and was extremely abundant at Dal- housie and along the Ristigouche as far up as the mouth of the Patapedia. H. nionodon. — Very abundant under stones in pasture fields near L'Orignal and in the augmentation of Grenville, Montreal mountain, Point Levi under decaying leaves lying on disintergated shale, but was not fomid further down the St. Lawrence.^ Not ,;*,. 19 individnji'i inliiiliitinjy ■:il, l)iit MS ifs or not itli Kivers, 1(1 St. All- levi, in the tivors. shell marl 1 toll-gate, 1, Lnchiiie arentiop. lie railway ttle J.ake^ ilipsbnroh, iko Mata- !iisec! sp«- hniidaiitV i opposite wu!0 into as my ob- stiijouche 10 Ottawa md so far ed on the ipedia, 25 It at Dal- jth of the tnre fields , Montreal intergated ice. Not havinu; collnetod a single individnal of this species during tlie previons ]iart of the smniner while travelling in the northiiin i)art of th(f district, I was astonished on coming to the Ristigouclu' to find ihcni in the gre itust profusion in many places along that river, as \vcll as at J)al!ioiis'o. 11. exnieta. — One speciinen tonntone, nuHipore and the roots of a large green seaweed with perforated fronds (Agarum Tumeri). Empty specimens were collected at Cape Chntte, Marsoni and (>lande. Myaarenaria. — Found abundantly in every favourable locality along the whole coast. In ascending the river they gradually become smaller as they ap[)roach the fresh water, and pvobably extend only a short dis^tance above Riviere Ouelle, where, after searching for some time I found only one small living specimen. In the Bay of Chalcur they seem to be as large as on the north coast of Gaspe. M. truncata. — Fresh valves numerous along the shore at Bic, Rimouski and St. Luce. Numbers of fine specinii ns found at iti'erent places between Metis and the Trent ; valves dredged at Ste. Anne and Marcouin. Glycimeris siliqua. — CapeChatte,RuisReau Va116e and Marcouin. Odeodesma hyaHna. — Ste. Anne, several very fine specimens from stomachs of flounders. Machaera costata. — Very common at Rimouski. Solen ensis. — Bic, Rimouski, St. Lu(!e, Cape Chatte, Ste. Anne, and extremely abundant at Grande and Peter Rivers. f as), Green Magdalen Marcouin, 8 Pistoles, iver. ery abun- and Ste. >nne. liver, and Montreal, ence from examined Harbour, Lan Islets of a large ). Empty 'lande. le locality gradually probably lere, after specimen, tlie north re at Bic, found at redged at Marcouin. pecimens te. Anne, 21 Tellina proxima (c/ilcarea). — Ste. Anne, Ruisseau Vall6e antl Marcouin, stomaclis «»f haddock. T. Groenlnndica. — More or less abu-idaiit along th(» wli*»le (toji^f. In 1857 I found tlii.s H|)ec!OR at l^av St. Paul, on tlic north-wosi side of the Sr. Lawrence ouly, about .55 niih-s bdow (^ucb* c, which is probably the nearest approar'i of the living marine shdU to their f>s8il ancestors in the I'i'st Pliocene deposits in the Ot- tawa Vallev, some of \ 'lieh are nearly 400 miles distant. Muctra ovalis ( pondernsn). — First met ir) Bic Harbour, but Ikjcoiucs verv abumiant at iiimouski, 12 milert farther down. Occuis at Metis and Ste. Anne, and in tlie coves at the mouths of Marcouin, Glande and Mont Louis Uivers. Mcsodtsma otrtatum. — r)ead specimens were found as far up as (xieen Island, and the first living ones at Puc. This species probably ranks lU'Xt to Mytilus edulis, in abundance along tlie. f-outh-east side of the Lower St. Lawrenc •. In an ancient sea beaidi between MeMs and the Trent, al>oiit 15 feet above the present sea level, these shells arc found in heaps and mixed with sand and fragments of other shells, the same as along the pres! iit shore, some imperfect valves were found at Matan iti a bcki. Common in stomachs of fiounders at Metis and Ste, Anne, these shellfish, which were sometimes found alive in their maws, seem to constitute their principal food ; their average size was two inches in length. Cardita borealis. — Dredged at Marcouin and fomid in fishes maws at Ca|»uc.hin, St". Anne and Ilui-seau Vallee. Astarte sulcata. — Rare at Bic liarlK)ur, CapeChatte, Ste. Anne and Rouisseau Vallee, but was <>nc of the commonest shells dredged in (30 fathoms off" Marcouin. Among tl\e Marcouin dredg- ings weie aiuunber both of living and dead speciaiens of a variety or perhaps a distinct species which bear a ve.ry close resemblatico to A. Laurenliana, the common species of the Post Pliocene d»^- l»osits near Montreal, and which Jifierb in. many respects from A. sulcata. a 22 Lvdnn flcxvosa — Ste. Anne, Paiisseau Vallee nnd Marcom'n ; ptOMinclis (»t' ha'lvlt'ck Lima suhnitricuhita.— OuQ specimen of (liis rare find beautiful spciii's Wis found iu the stoniai-li of a Iwiddock at Ste. Anne. Mi/tilus cJuIis. — T'V)iind fartliost nj* tlie St. Lawrence at Kuinouia-ka and o-i'adu illy beconn's more abundant in dosc'.endinjT tlie riviT. The 1m'^"( st individu:'i! found on tlui Ga-p6 coast is r-i£' inches long. In ilie I'ay <»f Ch-ileur tiiey are miicii wider poste- riorly than in the St. Lawrence, they resemble the fossil variety, bit are o-enerallv either straiii'Iit or concave aloiior the ventral ina'sri'i- Mndiola disc'irs (Linn.) (Ziscre^jans (Lam.) — Ste, Anne, found in gieat num'tu'rs adhcrlno- to the roots of large Algi" [Agmnim Turnen) which were thrown up on the beach by a violent storm. As many as a doz'^n individuals wert^ someiimes ■ ttached to the base of the same sea weed, each completely enve'o]ied iu its great bissus. Of about 200 specimens which I obtained in this way, the largest is 1 inch, o^ line-; long and 10 lines high. The large shells are of a very dark colour. Some living s[)ecime!is were dredgd iu the Marconi n cove. M. plica tula. — Xiimerous specimens in Sir W. E. Logan's col- e -tion from the Gulf. 31. Glandu/a. — Common in stomachs of fioundors and had- dock at Ste. Ann, Ruisseau Vallee and Marcouiu. and manv living specimens were, die !ged in about GO fathoms off t!ie latter place. Jf. pectiii'tla — Three sjiecimens were obtained among fish oft'al at Iluis-^eau Vallee. M. nexa, (Gould). — Ruisseau Vallee, one specimen from same source Leda limatula. — Very abundant in stomachs of flounders and haddock at Capuchin, Ste. Ann, Ruisseau V'^alloe, Martin and Mar- couin Rivers. Nucula tenuis. — Capnchin, Ste. Ann, and Ruisseau Vall6e, in stomachs of haddo(;k, rare. Pecten Mngellanicus. — (jiaude River, Gaspe. Fragments of valves were collected at Ste. Ann anil two si)ecimens obtained from fishermen of the same place who brought them from the north shore directly opposite. Tn 1844 Sir W. E. Logan brought a great number of specimens of this species from the neighbour- hood of Cape Gaspe. P. Islandicus. — First occurs near Metis where numbers are frequently found in fi>hes' stomachs. While at Ste. Ann, I collect- ed upwards of 170 specimens of this species, preseuting a great variety r^f beautiful tints of red and piidc colouring, from the slQUJachs of flounders which tlie inhabitants had taken wheii f w 23 larcoain ; hcaufiful ivnce at )ast is ?l£' ler pi^ste- Vfvricty, e ventral , foil nil in [Aganim \\\ storm, ed to the itsgre;it this way, 'he large ens were tin's Col- in d had- ny living or place, fish ong )m same k'rs and ind Mar- 'all6e, in nents of fled from i(* north o;ight a ghboni*^ jei's are collect- a great om the n when fishing fur cod, and spread on their fields for manure. The fisher- men frequently haul np large and beautiful specimens on their hooks with the valves closed on the bait. Some g')od living spe(;imens were dreilgei at Marcouin in about 30 fathoms, and they were found in abundance in the stomaciis of flounders at all the ■coves visited on t'le coast below Ste. Ann. The largest specimen from Ste Ann is 3 inches and 8 lines in height and there are a num!)<'r more nearly as large, I have also a specimen from the Island of Anticosti. Anomla cphippium. — Ste. Ann, adhering to the dorsal valves of I't'c-eii Tslaiidicus ; also dredgi-d at Marconin. Tcrchratula^ pniUacea. — Common in tiie stomachs of flound- ers a id haddock at Ste, Ann. At Ruisseau Vallee I procured more than 130 fine specimens of this shell in a spot where there had been a heap of fish ofl'al, but all the soft matter having de- caye 1 away, nothing reaiained but the bones of the fish and the sliillings has a nnndicr v( saecimens of this and tiie next species from Lake Nipissinc'. U. comp/iouifm — Lake Nipissing, Ottawa Hiver, Lachine Canal and the St. Lawrence as far down as Berthier below the Ishiinl of Orleans, where the last living sj^ecimen was obtained, but valv- s both of this and the preceding species were, very fre- quently found on the beach all the way dow n to Ga-pe. Abun- dant in Lake St. John, and said to inhabit the Little River St. Maruaritc on the north whore opposite Ste. Ann, Gasp6. U. ylbhosus. — Very abundant in the Ottawa at L'O'.ignal, and on St. Helen's Islan f. Montn^al. J^. I'difricosus. — Honre of the Ottawa) and St. Helen's Island. {Flypothyris.) i s 24 U. rectus. — Culbule, Ottawa near L'Original, Lachine Canal and St. Helen's Island. IT. alatus. — Common in Ottawa at L'Orginal, where I once caught a large specimen with a baited fish-hook in about ten feet of water. Margaritana nigosa. — South Nation River, Lachine Canal and St. Helen's Island. M. mnrginata. — Culbute and St. Helen's Island. M. arena ta (niargaritifera). — Green and Rimouski Rivers, Lake St. John and l»oth the Matapediac Lakes. M. undulata. — Culbute, L'Original and St. Helen's Island. Anodouta suhcylindracec — Lachine Canal, Grand Lac about 10 miles south of Rimouski, a small lake 6 miles soutliwest of 1. Grand Metis, Lakes Matapedia and St. John. A. pavonia. — Very abundant in the creek at L'Original and it» old quarries near the mile end toll-gate, Monti'eal. A. fiumatilis ? — Ottawa near L'Orignal and Lachine Canal. Cyclas similis. — Very abundant in the creek at L'Original, Lachine Canal, Metis Lakes and a pond 6 miles S. W. of Metis. C. Orhiculata. — St. Lawrence near Montreal. C. Duhia. — Ottawa City, Carillon, Montreal, Point Levi, Mare Lake Anticosti, Eastern Townships, and throughout the eastern peninsula of Lower Canada. Besides the above 128 species of recent shells occurring in Canada, there are in the collection of the Geological Survey many more, the names of which have not yet been detemiined. I hope to be able to give a list of these in a future number of the Naturalist. Principal Dawson has kindly undertaken to name the Tnbicolae, Brvozoa, Foraminifera, &e., dredged on the north coast of Gaspe, and will publish a list of them in another number of this magazine. RADIATA. Ophiocoma helUs. — Abundant at Ste. Anne adhering to the roots of Agarum Turnen.^ Astrophyton scutotum. — This beautiful species does not seem to be very rare in the Gulf. I was informed by a person at Green Island, who possessed a specimen, that about a dozen of them were found clinging to a chain which had b.'en submerged for some time, at a short distance from the island. A tine specimen from t!ie Gulf in the collection of the Survey is about 16 inches in diameter, and I saw a fresh sp cinien in the hands of some fishermen who had, however, already disposed of it, which was ncrirly as large. * An Alga with large perforated fronds. 25 line Canal re I once ut ten feet Canal and d River&j „. ,, , Sticta pulraonaria, Ach. comn. Note. — In drawiiio- ui) the above Catalogue of Plant.s, collected by Mr. Robert Bell, in the counties of Rimonski, Gaspe ani! Bona- venture, in the eastern yicninsulaof Lower Canada, I derived much assistance from CTCorgi/ ]>aniston, Esq., of tlic Hon. Hudson's Bay Company, who obligin,Iy determined for me all those species about which 1 was in doubt. The list, from unavoidable circum- 34 l^tnnr.os, is not so oxfcnsive as couM b. wished but if will J „ r , It IS rtMiiail<;il.|(. flijit ii(» rViL' Wi,;* i i i^ Moutreal, Mth May, 1859. W. S. M. D'UiujAN