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A., of Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge, Engl|tnd,467earaof ageand unmarried. He was formerly Yioe-Prinoi. pal of Salisbury Theological College and Curate of St. Andrews', Well* street. Lon- don. At present he is Vicar of Good Easter, Essex, England. Dr. Perry, Bishop of Iowa, who is well acquainted with many English bishops and clergy, says of Mr! Kingdon :—" Histheolo- gical position and ability may be inferred from his well-known treatise, of which more than one edition has been issued, entitled 'Fasting Communion Historically Investi-i gated from tbe Canons and Fathers, and] shown trt !>e 'tot binding in England— Lon- don, Lcigma as, 1876.* The church in the Provinces is to be congratulated in securing one so sound,godiy and well learned, as Mr. Kiagdon." Thwnigh anerroir on the part of Hjs Lord- ship Bishop Medlby, the Diocesan Synod electedas Coadjutor Bishop,Rev.^«nr^ TuUy Kinfplon, ibgteaA of Rev. ffoUingioorehTnlly Kingdon. This mistake necessitates an- other session of theSynod, a new ballot, and, ** »t#aimed on H%h Icpal authority, a repOt ti^iftfe of ttie ytOQeodkkfgt following thf ballot, before Mr. Kingdon «.an be conse- crated Coadjutor B^hop. We understand that the Coadjutor Bishop wiU be conseorated at Frederioton, on Sttn- I day, 10th July, 1881, by the Most RAVerend " *^® ^«*»^|oli*»n of Canada, aailsted ^robal » ¥y by «ie Bidhops of Nova Scotia mQ Quebec. It will be the first instance of the oonseoraeon of a Bitlu^ of Ihe Aoglioiiii Communiosr in the Mwitime Provinces. i SPIRITUAL FAMINE. A SERMON, PREACHED BEFORE THE DIOCESAfi CHUI^CH SOCIETY OF ^EW BI^UNSWICK, IN TRINITY CHURCH, ST. JOHN. ON THURSDAY, JULY g, 1882. BY THE RIGHT REVEREND H. TULLY KINGDOM D D Bisliop Coadjutor of Fredencton. PUBLISHED AT .'HE REQUEST OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. SAINT JOHN, N. B 1882. 9r'CPfJQy^^, \%n SERMON. Rev. vi : 6. — 1 herud a voice in the midst of the four beasts say, A measure of wheat for a pemy, and three measures of barley for a penny ; and see thou hurt not the oil ajid the wine. The voice is the voice of divine power checking the force of Satan, though he be active for ill. The voice comes from the mi(dst of the four living creatures, that is from the four Gospels, which testify to the truth of Christ. The vpice is issued to check the attack which came from the power of Satan when the third seal was opened in the prophetic vision. The particular attack made upon the Church of Christ at this time seems to be the attack of heresy. Before, when the second seal was opened there was the open attack of persecution. The rider on the fiery red horse , wielded the great sword of temporal persecution against thes servants of God. But this was of no avail ; nay, it rather increased the Church, as the early Christian writer said to the heathen, " Your cruelty only draws others to us. The more we are mown down by you the more our harvest grows. For the blood of martyrs is the seed of the Church.,' But when this attack of persecution failed, Satan devised a second and more subtle attack ; when the third seal is opened the sword is put aside and the balance of pretended equity is taken up : and the power goes forth to shake the Church riding upon the black horse of heresy with a balance in the hand. The rider, says an ancient author, has a balance in his hand, for he professes that he is dealing equitably and yet he is doing grievous wrong. Such are these false teachers, who, I i as the Apostle says, by good words and faii speeches deceive the hearts of the simple. After persecution had failed heresy became rife, and the heresiarch Arius, distinguished by philosophic calmness, and ostensible and plausible im- partiality (denoted by the balance), went forth to cripple the Church. As saith the prophet Hosea, the balances of deceit are in his hand. Here was a far worse power than brute force. Every one can understand brute force, and if he is in earnest he can easily submit to the infliction of pain for conscience sake. But it is not every one that can under- stand subtleties of argument. It is not every one that would care to discriminate between truth and error in faith. Here then there was need of some check, some interposition of the one stronger. Now therefore, at this juncture we read of the voice coming from the midst of the four living creatures. The voice comes from the four Gospels to check this mani- festation of the power of Satan. In all evil day of heresy resort must be had to the harmonious utterance of the four Gospels for help. Thus when the great councils of undivided Christendom were assembled there was enthroned in the midst a copy of the four Gospels as the source of all truth. But in the present instance the voice would seem to require some explanation. " A measure of wheat for a penny and "three measures of barley for a penny; and see that thou " hurt not the oil and the wine." This speaks of a spiritual famine but of purity of sacraments — a spiritual famine, for a measure of wheat was to be bought only by the wage of a whole day. A penny (as the word is translated) was taken as the typal pay of a labourer ; just as when Salisbury Cathedral was in building each labourer was paid a penny a day, which a little later was also the sum paid to the school- master attached to the Cathedral. But at the time when the Apocalypse, from which the text is taken, was written, ei£-/it T measures of wheat might be purchased for that sum. The voice proclaimed that there was to be but one measure for one penny, eight times its usuaj price— that is at famine rates. Here then is proclaimed a season of spiritual scarcity "a famine of hearing the Word of God," as the prophet Amos said. Still there was some to be had. When the vvorld became Arian there was the little faithful flock about the great St. Athanasius who maintained the true doctrine. But there is a prohibition against any harm happening to' the oil and the wine. Though heretics could mar the preaching of God's Word so that there should be a famine of It, they were prohibited in the early days of heresy from marring the means of grace. For throughout Scripture oil and wine have ever been symbols of the spiritual gifts of God to man, whether in prophecy or in the sacrifices of the law, or later in the para- ble of the Good Samaritan. Oil is ever symbolical of the operation of the grace of the Holy Spirit on man's soul, while wme remin:s us of the quickening influence of Him u^o is the true vine. Therefore was it that under the old dispensation oil was used in the solemn dedication of per- sons and things for the ministry of God. It represents to man the inward anointing of the soul of the man for the special work that he had to do for God. Thus the High Priest was anointed with the holy oil of anointing so that the oil separated him from among his brethren, as one separated by special gifts of grace to minister about the most holy. So were kings anointed in token of their beino- endued with special gifts of the Holy Spirit for the particut lar responsibility laid on them. Thus was it in consequence of the anointing by Samuel that God gave Saul another heart and the Spirit of God came upon him. Similarly when Samuel anointed David, we read as a consequence, the j I J I, Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that da)- forward. For by the will of God the j^racc was so to be administered by outnard means. Therefore was it that when our own Queen was set apart to rule over our nation in her solemn and religious coronation, the Archbishop consecrated oil and anointed her as Queen, in token of her being separated by special gifts of the Holy Ghost for her terrible responsi- bility. We read that "the Archbishop anointed the Queen in the form of a cross on the crown of the head, and on the I^alms of both hands, saying, Be thou anointed with holy oil as kings, priests, and prophets were anointed." The third class of persons here referred to were similarly designated for their office in God's service, as when Elijah was bidden to anoint Klisha to be his successor in the work of prophet. Oil was no doubt taken as tj-pical because of its great value and common use amongst the Jews. In three ways they employed it : externally ; as an ingredient of food ; and as a means of lighting. Externally they used oil to soften the skin and prevent the excessive heat of the sun from causing pain and discomfort ; also as healing injuries, or as strength- ening the body and making it supple. Its use as food was frequent, and commonly referred to, and it was in common use in lamps. In each of these ways was it employed in the sacred service of the temple. Externally it was used in con- secrating persons and things for God's service ; it was mingled with the meat offerings of fine flour, and it kept alive the lights in the pure candlestick, the lamp of God in the holy place. The Hebrews then could never lack some- thing to put diem in remembrance that they were a peculiar people set apart by the Holy Spirit as a separated people for the sei-vice and worship of the Almighty. For when- ever in daily life they used oil, it should have reminded them of the Spirit of God. In similar manner were wine od in some- ecaliar people when- linded e wine and flour chosen. Ikit though these were marked out in type and prophecy in the old dispensation, it was reserved for the New Testament to record the special privileges and graces to be conveyed by means of the commonest of all food, bread and wine. It is hard if not impossible to understand the beautiful utterances of the prophets, unless we grasp with faithful earnestness the sacramental truths of the Gospel. When the prophet breaks out in rapture in vision of Gospel times: "How great is His goodness! How great is His beauty! Corn shall make the young men cheerful, and new wine the maids :" vv^ho can understand his joy unless they here see a prophecy of the bread and wine of the Christian sacrament satisfying the souls of those who are humble, inno- cent, and docile as little children ? But as these were taken as typical of the great and un- speakable spiritual gifts of God to man because of their com- mon use and importance — that man might always have about him and before him a reminder of his dependence upon God ; so also because they were the necessary tem- poral gifts of God to man, the Israelites were commanded to offer them in sacrifice to God. There were two classes of offerings under the old dispensation : the animal sacri- fices, and the vegetable sacrifices. The only animals which were accepted in sacrifice were those which were clean, ac- cording to law, and which formed part of the home wealth of the sacrificer. The man was to be perpetually reminded that all his wealth was from God and that therefore he was bound to acknowledge this by giving back to God for His service and worship somewhat of that which God had given to him. He was bound to do his part to maintain the con- tinual worship and service of God by offering sacrifice, part of which would go to the support of the priests and part be consumed upon the altar. ar.fL",™ 8 But if this be true of the animal sacrifices, it is more particularly true of the vegetable offprings. These were something surrendered to God which was of the greatest value to man as a means of living. The flour, the oil, and the wine that were offered were articles of every day food. But to these there was added this consideration, that they had been brought to this condition by the labour of man. This kind of sacrifice therefore confessed that all man's good works are wrought in God and are due to Him. It repre- sents the oblation of man's labour working with and sancti- fied by the grace of God's Holy S;jirit. Every burnt offer- ing and peace offering was accompanied by an offering of flour, oil> and wine — the three most necessary parts of wealth, comfort, and prosperity ; as said the prophet " With corn and wine and oil have I sustained him," — and at the same time they were such as could not be employed without special labour on man's part. It was this part of the ancient sacrifices that the prophet Malachi in his prophetic vision of Gospel times proclaimed should be offered throughout the world from east to west. Now, therefore, there is continu- ally offered an oblation of bread and wine as an acknow- ledgement on our part that all our nourishment, spiritual and natural, comes from God. So in the coronation service the Queen offered (as the rubric says) "the bread and the wine into the hands of the Archbishop, who reverently placed them upon the Altar." Then God gives back to us the gifts we have offered, instinct with the highest and most precious grace, even conveying to our souls the most holy and precious Body and Blood of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. How deeply grateful should we be to the voice of power in the text, which, while permitting to a certain extent a famine of teaching, forbids any tampering with the purity and doctrine of the sacraments. For when the Church was 4 i 9 more were eatest 1, and food. t they man. , good repre- sancti- ; offer- ring of arts of " With at the vithout ancient sion of out the Dntinu- ^now- Lial and ice the le wine placed le gifts recious ly and Jesus oice of extent purity ch was passing through the trouble of the early heresies, the doc- trine of the sacraments was not assailed at all, but was pre- served pure and unimpaired until the doctrine of the incarnation had been firmly established. The one maintains and supports the other. But our gratitude and devotion may not be empty-handed any more than was that of the Jews of old. Of them, said the Word of God, " none shall appear before Me empty." In consequence each man brought his offering. So now each worshipper is bound to bring his offering. And now our offerings are (as Malachi prophesied) of the character of the Minchah or offering of fine flour. Our offerings are devoted to maintain the worship of God as the Minchah went to support the priests who ministered. A little of the flour and oil was consumed on the altar, the rest went to the priest Your offerings to-night, as you have heard, brethren, will be devoted to the maintenance of our Church in this Province and Diocese. Ah ! brethren, when the Metropolitan bade me preach to- night, the text at once occurred to my mind as descriptive of the famine of hearing the Word of God which is amongst us, while I hope there is amongst us means whereby God's holy sacraments are rightly and duly ministered. Thus far had I written when turning to the old records and reports of the Diocesan Society, v/hose anniversary we are now celebrating, I found that the same thought was present to the mind of one of the first preachers before this Society, and indeed the first who preached before the Society when it had been joined by the hearty co-operation of this city, and this parish. In a sermon preached thirty-six years igo by the command of the same Bishop at whose bidding 1 am now addressing you, the Rector of this parish. Dr. Gray, chose as his text the Old Testament counterpart to my text, the i 10 i' I ' passage from the prophet Amos : *' Behold, the days come, saith the Lord God, that I will send a famine in this land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the word of the Lord ; and they shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the Lord, and shall not find it." In earnest words the preacher, pointing out the miseries and woe of such a famine, called " upon all. Clergy and Laity, to rise to the emergency, and in the strength of united Christian energy to resolve that it shall be so no longer." No doubt since that time much, by the mercy of God, has been done, but alas ! so much remains to be done that the picture of spiritual destitution then presented to the Society remains but little altered. What! (you will say) surely there are many more clergy at work ? Yes, brethren, true it is that at th J present moment there are at most sixty-three clergy at work in Missions and Parishes in the Diocese, whereas thirty-six years ago there were at most thirty-five, showing an increase of twenty-eight, or of eighty per cent., and the Diocese has not been increased in size locally. But, breth- ren, what is the condition of the population now ? How^ many new settlements have been formed ? True it is that the proportion of Clergy to square miles has altered for the better. But has the proportion of Clergy to the population altered for the better ? Alas ! no. The population in the forty years, from 1841, has more than doubled; it has in- creased one hundred and six per cent , while the Clergy have only increased eighty per cent. The proportion of Clergy to population has thus decreased in the interval. True, the late census shows that the increase in our Communion during the last ten years has been very small indeed, that while in almost all the Dioceses in Canada the increase has been at least ten per cent, with us the increase has been the surprisingl)- i jk . ¥ i^ 11 :ome, Icind, laring sea to •un to id it." ?s and Lity, to ristian doubt done, ture of [jmains ;re are is that clergy ^^hereas owing nd the breth- How is that for the Illation in the has in- y have jlergy to the late ring the almost least ten lrisingl>' small proportion of little more than two per cent. Must not" this be due to an accumulation of neglected work from past years ? When we look at the help, how must the heart grow sad to see the extent of work unsupplied ? When we look at the Society's report how sad it is to see the record of empty Missions telling of a famine of hearing the Word of God ? Look at the large County of Albert, with over 660 square miles, with no one to minister in our Churches, none to look after our brethren, and alas ! for how long a time has this been the case with a few short intervals. Then again, near Grand Lake there is much need for a Missionary in the district of Chipman where large congregations might be gathered at five centers or stations now unvisited. Speak- ing in St. John I have no need to endeavour to excite your sympathy for the settlement of Beaufort, formed after the terrible fire by what might be called refugees from St. John* At this settlement are a large number of our brethren, veiy rarely visited by one of our Clergy. This forms only one part of the district of Aberdeen. Think of Grand Falls (where perhaps something will soon be done) and Little Falls, rarely if ever visited. Thmk of Canterbur}'. Some care should be taken of Cocaigne and Buctouche, and the whole district of Botsford. In my late visit to the Diocese of Maine I was much pained by hearing one of the Clerg}^ tell me that many persons had come into his parish from Deer Island, and other neighbouring islands, who had been taught no religion and were quite uncared for by our Church. Ah ! brethren, I cannot recount to you all the places where famine has set in, w^hich must make the heart cf those in authority sad when they feel that their hands are tied from lack of means. Some nine old Missions are there now vacant from lack of means. I cannot but feel that how- e\'er unwillingly and however much beyond my own control f ip 12 it may be, yet that I am somewhat the cause of some of this famine. Just at the very time when the Bishop of the Diocese was giving up half his income and thereby greatly lessening his power of helping on the various Missions and Missionaries, (and I am speaking to many who know some- thing of what was supplied from this source) just then the Home Society lessened their grant. Thus there must have been a diminution not of $2,000 only but probably of at least twice that amount. Must / not therefore earnestly appeal to those who have hitherto done much in their subscriptions to this Society to do still more; to those who have done a little to do a great deal ; to those who have done nothing to realize to some extent their responsibilities and give after their power ? And can I appeal in vain to those who have at present done nothing materially toward relieving the burden which lies on the Bishop ? Those who administer the funds of the Society cannot give out more than they re- ceive ; and they have been most careful to husband what they have, otherwise we could not do so much as is being done. True, there is now no debt on the Society, but the deficit nearly made up by the liberality of Churchmen has been completed by the vacancy of Missions. Most wisely have the Board now determined not again to risk getting into debt. It is a rule of God's Word : " Owe no.man any- thing ;" and it is a shame that a religious society should be in debt, only excelled by the disgrace of a clergyman being in debt. The welfare of the Church is therefore dependent upon the fidelity with which you, brethren of the Laity, fulfil your office of stewards of the Lord your Master. For unless you give freely the necessary clergy cannot be sup- ported, and the famine will continue. Let me then beseech you brethren to give liberally and freely to-night, and to in- x:rease your subscriptions, and give freely each year to the 18 of this of the greatly ins and r some- len the st have at least appeal riptions re done nothing ve after ho have ing the minister they re- d what is being but the .en has |t wisely getting Ian any- lild be in king in Dendent Laity, tr. For be sup- Ibeseech Id to in- Ir to the Diocesan Church Society. Aye, brethren, let me now ask the delegates who are here present if there be such here to- night to stir up their neighbours when they go home to da more than they have done. For there is something wrong in many of the Parishes and Missions which do not sa- much as they should. When an old formed Parish with over 1,200 members of our comnmnion draws $360 a year towards the support of the clergyman, there is something wrong. Might not example be taken by a little Parish of 176 members not more wealthy, as it would seem to me, on the average, than the other, which has been striving to raise a sufficient sum to form a partial endowment so as to be self-supporting ? But, brethren, is there no ground for thankfulness ? Yes^ thank God, there is. If we see from how small a begin- ning, forty years ago, this Society has gro'vn, we may fndeed be thankful, and go on our way with thankful faith... Remember, brethren of the Clergy, the charge given you at your, ordination, and heartily act up to it " See that "you never cease your labour, your care and diligence^ " until you have done all that lieth in you according to your " bounden duty to bring all such as are, or shall be, com- " mitted to your charge, unto that agreement in faith and " knowledge of God and to that ripeness and perfection of " of age in Christ that there be no place left among you " either for error in religion or for viciousness of life." Look not for ease or comfort in this world, so shall you not fail of your reward hereafter. -^ Remember, brethren of the Laity, that it is your duty, aye, and your privilege, to give back to God of your sub- stance as God has prospered you. It cannot affect me how much you give, but it will greatly affect you hereafter. Remember that the Apostle said, " not that I desire a gift,. u I but I desire fruit that rniy abound to your account." And he that soweth sparingly of his substance here shall reap also sparingly hereafter. But thank God he that soweth plenteously shall reap also plenteously. Then again, let me remind you that your responsibilities do not AvhoUy cease with this life's income. When Zaccheus was converted he gave half his principal to God in His poor. The Church requires her ministers not to omit earnestly to move such sick persons as are of ability to be liberal to the poor. As this occurs in connection with the Rubric requiring them to urge the Laity to make their wills in the time of their health, it would seem that the exhortation refers to the same testamentary disposition. I would therefore in accord- ance with the spirit of this urge all that have property to dispose of by will, to bequeath a certain proportion of it to the furtherance of God's work in this Province by the means of our Diocesan Church Society. May God grant, dear brethren, that each and every one of us may so fulfil his duty here on earth that when our Judge appears we may be found well pleasing in His sight, and may hear His blessing, •* Well done good and faithful servant, thou hast been faithful over a few things, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." " And lall reap : soweth fi, let me ily cease irted he Church 3ve such )or. As them to of their 5 to the I accord- perty to ion of it e hy the very one hen our [is sight, I faithful iter thou