IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IIIM |||||M IIIIM |||m 2.0 mm 1-4 IIIIII.6 V} ^ /a /y VI <*! KNL,AKC.l'-D,WirH AN IM'HOtMJCTlOK AM) AN .lUTlfl K 'W^SCRIPTIVJ: 'U THE WOODS AND WOODEN BIANUFACTORES OF TBE PROVINCE, in IKA tiOttNWALTy, Jr., Agent General m Gr^saJ. Britain frr rruvincf, of Aew Jirunstvick. PUBLISHED nj.RR THE rAiitONACK OF THE hOMW OF TRADi: OF rT TOflN. \ A DKTKTT'TTVK (iUlJ)K TO THK OiTIKS OF SAINT JOHJSi AND POKTLANO, Their l[i>' ; tlicir Siroot,-, Aiuares, FiibUft BuMdiiigs, Chnrohe^*, Schools, Lihral•io^^, ll«aarilir6,'-H<>u.>'s, Hanks. il.i'-'k Farf'S PolioO; iixo, Water unci Sewerajre Departments, lOlc ; tlie liocation, Sceiit*^', Cusiue.sj*. t'opuljiiion, Etc. i>l the Cjlii*'!' 'r<»wu« In the PKOV INCE OF NEW liliUNSWIOK, Wifj iulorioatioi) regarding their Mining, Lumbering. Shipping. Fishiil)^', Manuiacauring and Ap^riculnirjil ludustrii's, HiiMtinf;. Fisliing. l[l«alth Jind PJfcasur*^ RerK>rt(>, l^ish .and (.Hint" I.iiws; [{tmios ni Trjiv^^', r»Litanc(k;, Favo'-, I'to.. oti jlu; ftAII.HOA]>i*», STKAMB0 4TS AMI) SlACii: I1]VE?!». :iPjaicf.EJ: 30 C*]e:3!rx». [Fbrk j Enlured acci'iding tu Act of t'iirlitirayjit o<' ;':iuad'a, i In the year IH^l, Uy .Fno. R. Ha.mu.tc:'.", irt tiv (Jllicu of the M!ni6t«r of Agriculture. ■■■■ '" . T i Mi . J. & A, MCMULAN, >-rtlNTEH8. «vtt|r Tisaaf^ssuKSsasTsa I T R I L J-V IV 1^ 1\ FRET3ERICTON, N. B. Y\\W. beautiful location ol" this woll-kuuvMi Hofel ftt onco rocoiuniends ifc a« one of th(< iS m IN THE J>0M1NI0N OK CANADA. The HOTEFj will be found K4i'st-(,'lase in all It,* apiH')iiitinont9, commnndinu the lujost bouutiJu] view tlie city afl'orda, and aecotid to none Id eltht-r TABTiE or FlUtSlHllINlf. BY THK MILITARY BRASS BAND Cii tlioir beautiful Krounds directly in front ol" the HOTEL, ud^l iriuch to the ploaaure of its guests. , F. B. COLEMAN, PROPRIETOR. v7 U J^ i-> i\ t: ii QUEEN STREET, FREDERICTON, N. B. J. A. EDWARDS, Proprietor. (F«»rmcvly Managrci- of the Victoria Hotel, St. John.) mHlS TIOTEL has >.o«n Bettttecl imd I'ainted in tbo Mo.st Attractive Stylo. An 1 Ei«)>:ant GetitleiMen's Parlor, Otftcc, nud B«iptttifiilly I>©ooratcct V«'ntJli»tioa aud Sewerage throughout; l^arge andALry Bedroowitt; €omnuuiion>^ Bath Uoonts aud Closets oil each floor; and is cii|) abu of accomiriodiitibg OiM- HundriMl fiut'stw. i«. is rajljj^^grf wiiur in p*H^iil8.r ikvor, aud >h to-day one of the Leading, aa w»!ll as tae .^logt ConiiWtablo Hotel)* in the D«>mlnion. The Table is ».ilwaji 8Uj.»p]iofl with everj' delicacy available. The Cooking is highly (!ouniicnd«d, and tlic tStetf of Attx'ndauts are ever ready to ot)ligc. Tiicre are two of the lun^est and most convenieUMy fltt(^d up Sample ItoomH 111 Cana^la, haviug vStn-ei Eutruuces iiiul also coBiieotiutr with Hotfl Office. JiTorHefi arid Carriajf*. sol" every style are to be had at the Livery Stable of the Pro- prietoi", iuinif!diai.e;,r ;i(ijin.'eftt to the Hotel. The ** tlnr'fjn " \-^ c^mKiHy Im^trtetl, -iirwitly ot*pe^l<<> 4o IJie Sti-AUiboat iind Uibson . Ferry LaudJuEtw. and within a minut'Vi walk oftlu; PiUfUament Buildingj', (X-uuty Bfgistrar )* Oj!iee, aud ('atlK-dral wrymn ■*"«■ ' ) ■ > ■ ' .I" ' .t" ll MM I i i L / ^ LOiON HOUSE,lTlllL j « Wd T'WO L-A-RO-B OF 11 SILKS, VELVETS, VELTETEENS, SHAWLS, DRESS GOODS, BLACK GOODS, CRAPES, Prints, Muslins, FLANNELS, SHIRTINGS, Linens, Cottons, CLOTHS. TRIMMINGS, LACES, HOSIERY, GLOVES, RIBBONS, BUTTONS, Haberdashery, Gents Collars, GENT'S SCARFS, SHIRTS, Underclothing. EoiiffillR' eiffiD»E©ED(IZSEli€^« Visitors will find our variety Unequalled and our^iggpices low. LONDON HOUSE, RETAIL, 13 &; 17 filarket Square, # COR. CHARLOTTE & UNION STREETS, FIRST FLOOR. IK The Most Extensive Retail Dry Goods Es MWf w» ^ CASSIMER POULE, OTTOMAN EPINGLE, SCOTCH SUITINGS, CRAPE FOULk, CLOTH SUmNGS, CASHMERES, ETC. GLOVES, WOOLS, HAMBURGS, FLANNELS, DAMASKS, NAPKINS, HOSIERY, YARNS, BUTTONS, BLANKETS, TOWELS, LACES, FRINGES, ORNAMENTS. QUILTS, SHEETINGS, GIMPS. COLLARS, CUFFS, SCARFS, SILK HDKFS., GLOVES, SHIRTS, HALF HOSE, VALISES, UNDERCLOTHING, PORTMANTEAUX, UMBRELLAS, BOYS' SUITS. 'WAT'BMWMQOW €@AT®, TfiUNKS AND SOLIOJ.EATHER VALISES. »^ GentlemeE wishing to purchase in this line will find our stock second to none in the Dominion. C MANTIXS, BIILI.INERT, BOTS' CLOTHING M., B. Si A. Import Direct from the Leading Manufactu BEAinTFACTURERS OF SHIRTS, } 27 AND 29 KING STREET. SAINT JOHN, NEV Wholesale and RetaiL ='''°^^'^- jroods Establishment in the Lower Provinces. OLOTfflNG, ANTEAUX, LLAS, SUITS. iMi a line will FLOWERS, HATS, FEATHERS, CORSETS, BABY LINEN, LADIES' AND MISSES' UNDERWEAR. All orders for Hillineiy executed in the Most Fashionable Stylos. S*ILKS, C1.OTHS, VELVETS, MANTLES, VELVETEENS, SKIRTS, MADE TO ORDER. SECOND IXOOR. IPiiEsia: Stock:. CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS, POLES, CORNICES, COVERINGS, PLUSHES, MATTINGS. MATS, CRUMB CLOTHS, GIMPS, LINOLEUMS, FRINGES, CRETONNES, RUGS, CURTAINS. CAMWrnTm M&PB # W^T IIOWB^. r CLOTHING, LADIES' UNDERWEAR, BARRISTERS' GOWNS, SURPLICES, ETC. e Leading Manufacturers of ENGLAND, FRANCK, and GKRMANY. JOHN. NEW BRUNSWICK. DOMINION OF CANADA. ( ' Wkoksak Advt., p.riii. ST. JOHN * ^^X ^"^^NiW^vN LONDON HOUSE, RtTAIL s & eo.'s x'wro i^a-hob MSI? OF SlPAEXimS : SILKS, VELVETS, VELTETEENS, SHAWLS, DRESS GOODS, BLACK GOODS, CRAPES, Prints, Muslins, FLANNELS, SHIRTINGS, Linens, Cottons, CLOTHS. TRIMMINGS, LACES, HOSIERY, GLOVES. RIBBONS, BUTTONS, Haberdashery, Gents Collars, GENT'S SCARFS, SHIRTS, Underclothing. liilllElR' l^liei^Ef &eiSEliC^» Visitors will find our variety Unetinalled and our^i^ces low. LONDON HOUSE, RETAIL, 13 Sc VJ Uarket Square, * COR. CHARLOTTE & UNION STREETS, NAVIGATION SCHOOL. B. ill. STjfltnKESXlLSB. (Srcci-XMOIl TO TIIK I.ATK Cait. K. ( 'oNNOI.I-Y ) Preparer of Masters and Mates Foil THE Maiiink Board ok(;anaua, at ST. joHnsr, isr. b. The only- School of tl&o kind in Xfow Brunttwlok. References: GAPT. PRICHARD, CAPT. R. THOMAS, Local Examiners. MRS. GEORGE WATERBURY'S A Hure remedy for IndlgreHtion and all llillona/ft L.iver Complaints. Made by her Daughter, Mm. K. H. LESTER. Well Tried St Worthy of Confidence. Tni.S oxrellent Fumily Medicine is the most effective remedy for IndigeH- tion, ntllouH mid Liv«r CoinplaintSt Lnna of Appetite, DrowHlnesn, GiddlneHH, HpaitmH, and all Disorders of t lie Ktoinach and liowels ; ami where an aperient is requir<*d, nothinK can liu better adapted. Havinx stood tint test over forty years, and being prepared with )(reat care and study, nothinii; cheap or impure being tolerated in their composition, are perfectly safe to administer to the most delicate constitution. They never reduce the patient; no cessation from business or any unusual change is ever necessary. They never render any one mere liable to take cold, ''ontaining no dangerou!4 drug, they act as kindly on the tender infant, the most delicate female and inflrtn ()id age, as u|>on the most vigorous and athletic system, exercising the most healthAil Infiueuce on the whole syi'teiu, invigorating llie det>ilitat> d orsaiiw, building up the tlugging nervous energies, imparting vigor to body and mind, and bringing every faculty into healtliful play. PersoiiH of a Full Habit, who are subject to Headache, Drowsiness, and Singing in the Ear, arising fruiii too great a flow of lilood to the head, should never be without' them, as many dangerous symptoms will be entirely carried off by their timely use. For Females, from the peculiar atTections that attend them when they are arriving at maturity, and also at the decline, or " change of life," theses Pills are truly excellent, renioviiig all obstructions, Depression of Spirits, Dullness of Sight, Nervous Atlections, Blotches, Pimples, and Sallowuess of the Skin, and give a healthy bloom to the complexion. What may seem almost incredible is the astonishing rapidity with which they cure diseases hitherto coiisid«re. PURELY ^li 1 1 Al.. ASvM:I\S OVKK SIA I^II.LI0\ IMII/LAltJii. IXCONTKJ^TABI.i: POI.iriES. j . NO RESTRICTIONS UPON TRAVEL, RESIDENCE, OR OCCUPATION. All Poli(5ifs NoD-SuPfeitaMe mMv tie laltteSou^flffeitttrikWe THE UNION MUTUAL ENDOWMENT PLAN. PayublP in 10, 15. 20, <;<;, :i;>, ;i5, 40, 43, or .'»0 ytarn, or at j)iior tlciilli. .\]KAi '.::s :n' Grookery, China, Glass, Lamp Assorted (grates for <§ountry ^rade g, ALWAYS IN STOCK. WHOLESALE AND EETAIL. WHOLESALE ONLY. \ r>001£ STTIEET, SST. JOHTW^, TV. B. [ -T .11 * ESTABLISHED 1822. " .NX.''' W vs! wcv^A^r.^sAN ^^w* 'iSK«\Ws:vv W!ss% \su'-7«sS i3JSfr..^T 5?s^S*. woa..,«\,v; >" -P Lj -B -IIj I S JE3- IB jEv/^3. WHOLESALE AND RKTAIL Booksellers and Stationers BOaK AND JOB PRir«TERSr Blank-Book Maiiiifacturers, AM. BOOK-BIlJNrUlSRS, 98 & 100 Prince William Street, ) Retail Department on - - - Wholesale Department on Blank-Book Factory and Bindery on Printing Department on - - First Floor. Second Floor. Third Floor. Fourth Floor. TX THE RETAIL DEPART WENT wo kwf) a lull stock of BOOKS and STA- TTOXEKY, to whicL the LatEI'ARTMENT we have all tho advantaKe.sofa thorough knowlodK'e of oni husinens and a ImiK established counnection with the Best Publishers, Paper Makers, Ac, whieh enables us Id buy at the most favorable prices. 1^ BLANK BOOKS AN1> BIM>ING, our work is acknowledged to be unsur- pa.ssed ii» diuulnlity and appearance. A large stock of Blank Books always ready. Blank Books of any Special Pattern Promptly Made to Order. IN PRINTING we have all the faoilities f or fi rst-elass work, and by constantly adding the fewest .Machinery and Type, propo.>^o to keep up the reputation which many years of close attention have secured for us. ■ We publish some and deal largely in all of the SCHOOL BOOKS prescribed by the Honoraltle the Board of P^ducation for New Brunswick. Also, School Siii)i)lie.s of alt kinds. TOBOCJGAINS, SNOW SHOES MOGGASINS, Pull size &Miuia'urfl. lUnfitrated Catalogues. BIRCH BARK CANOES for Sports- !•« I men shipped to any part of the Vvorld. BASKET WORK i\ of every kind, WHOLESALE & RKTUL Indian Bazaar, ST. JOHN, N. B. Samples at IBA CORNWALL. Jr.'s, '24 Chapol Walks, Liverpool, England. U •-»i.t**t»-»— ■ .'— — I )r$, iET, )r. loor. j pr. oor. id STA- I ery are ' I orough I blLshers, Q unsur- adding yoare of I by the .Sports- VVorld. VORK kind. RKTIIL azaar, N.B. V .„J El MR^li n u 1 1 i i 1 n 1 i i i i n 1 1 i i i i i X . .-■... -. . -. —^ TTf 1~ 1 THIRD EDITION, RKVISED AND ENLARGED, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND AN ARTICI.K IJKSCUIPTIVK OF THE WOODS AND WOODEN MANUFACTURES OF THE PROVINCE, BV IRA CORNWALL, Jr., A;jenl Genera! in Great lirUuin j'or Province of Sew Brunxwick. PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF THE BOARD OF TRADE OF ST. JOHN. A DESCKIPTXVE (HIDE TO THE CITIES OF SAINT JOHN AND POKTLAND, Their History, Scenery, Climate, Business and Surroundings; their Streets, Squares, Public Buildings, Churches, Schools, Libraries, Reading Rooms, Newspapers, Societies, Banks, Telegraph a«d Express Companies, Hotels, Boarding-Houses, ITacks, Hack Fares, Police, Fire, Water and Sewerage Departments, Etc. ; the Liocation, Scenery, Business, Population, Etc. of the Cliief Towns in the PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK, With information regarding their Mining, Lumbering, Shipping, Fishing, Manufacturing and Agricultural Industries, Hunting, Fisliing, Healtli and Pleasure Resorts, Fish and Game Laws; Routes of Travel, Distances, Fares, Etc., on the RAILROAD!^, liiTEAMBOAT!!^ AND ISTAG£ lilUVES. 38 iriIjTJSTI?,A.TI03srS -A-ITX) 5 OVCJ^^'S. Post] [Free. J. A A. MCMILLAN, Printers. Ill Agents for MITCHELL, VANCE & CO., New York, GAS FIXTURES. rr® Plumbers and Gas Fitters, No. 173 UNION ST., SAINT JOHN, N. B. WATER and GAS FITTINGS always on hand. 49" Public and Privtile Buildings Fitted Up in the Most Approved Manner. JOSEPH FINLEY, IMPORTER AND JOBBER Df f isoi i @ yif @§IF1 )i TERMS — BOTTOM PRICES— CASH. " ^ 88 Prince William Street, Saint John, i B. W. G. SALMON, l\^%.bSlltl%Tr'u: Jack's Building, 13 Charlotte Street, SAINT JOHN, N. B. When in need of any goods in the DRUG L-INE are invited to call ou Obtained a DIPLOMA at the St. John Kxuibition, 1883, Sold by Druggists and Merchants, and by J". Oi3:J^XiOI^^EI^, Dica-BY, UST. S. Latb of Saint John, N. B. IV (TUBES. ters, and. d Manner. 1 1 B. styles. [ Work. ^.B. OQ iSm rmmt PREFACE. The why and the wherefore of the publication of a book, and apologies therefor, are usually given in the Preface, If I step on a pet corn, or the train of a dress, I cannot ease the pain or rej)air the damage by saying " I beg your pardon." Neither would a prefatory excuse atone for the infliction — if it be an infliction — of a new book upon tiie reading public. A haunch of venison placed before a man gorged with bacon and liver might not be an infliction, but it might be the cause of considerable inward regret — that the venison had not come earlier. So with this book. Some may be so filled with "Bacon" or " Lever," that anything savoring of other pers will be scarcely tasted Sy them. This book is sent to the luuigry ones, and without an apology — I'll reserve that Tor some future occasion. The climate of St. John has a peculiar effect upon strangers. After a few days sojourn nere, some of them become possessed with a very laudable desire to write a description of the city and its surroundings. Tiiey obtain a copy of the Iland-Book : the desire becomes intensitied, and results in an interesting article appearing in their home papers. Here is where the peculiar effects of the climate are apparent : the article appears as original, although made up, for the most part, of extracts from the Hand- Book. As the aim of the Hand- Book is the dissemination of relii'bje and interesting information regardintr the ad- vantages and attractions of tiie cities of St. .lohn and Portland, and of the Prov- ince of New Brunswick generally, the publisher is pleased to know it is so well written that the writers of these "original letters" think it worth stealing. I must confess to playing "cribbage" occasionally, but endeavour to cheat fair, and put in quotation marks. I fey ! stolen some of yours, have I? All right, I'll take more next time — and give you credit for it. The results sought for in the publication of this Hand-book are pretty fully outlined in the Introduction, and elsewhere throughout the book. Much in- teresting matter regarding the ('itics und Province has been left out, for want of space, and other reasons, yet the facts and figures given are such as to merit more than a cursory glance.* The resources and attractions of New Brunswick are but little known by outsidcis, and not half appreciated by her citizens. The publication of this Hand-Book \\ill bo continued until the location and business of St. John shall become so thoroughly known that Americans will not confound it with St. John's, Quebec, or St. John's, Newfoundland, nor Englishmen ask their correspondents here to call upon friends — next doorneighl)ors, as they imagine — in Quebec. In conclusion, I beg to return my hearty thanks to Mr. Ira Cornwall,, Jr., for his gratuitous and earnest assistance in the preparation of this edition ; to the editors of the Sun, Globe, and Telegraph, for their kindly notices; and last, but not least, to my advertising patrons for their generous contributions toward the publication of this and former editions of the Hand-Book.f I have to thank Samuel Gardner, Esq., Dominion Immigration Agent here, for the gift, from the Dominion Government, of the handsome colored map which accompanies the Book; and also, on behalf of Mr. Cornwall, to thank Mr. J. A. Bowe.s, of the St. John Telegraph, Mr. C. H. Lugrin, of the Fredericton Gleaner, and Mr. B. A. Stamers, St. John, for their valued assistance to him. St. John, N. B., Nov. Ist, 1884. JNO. R. HAMILTON. * The matter on pages 24 to 72 was published last year under the supervision of a Com- mittee of the Board of Trade, and can therefore be rolled upon as being correct. t A better idea regarding the nature and extent of the business of a city may be obtained from the advertisements of its business houses than from aliuo.^t '^.ny other source. The ad- vertisements in this book are a good index of the business and enterprize of the merchants and manufacturers of these cities and of the Province. I I. & F. BURPEE & CO IMPORTERS AND DKALERS IN 1^9 ISAM A lET ImON, OF BEST BR-A-lSriDS. Boiler Plate, Tubes, and Rivets. T n Plates and Ingfot Tin. Pig Lead, Copper, and Spelt(jr. f fc»s. PiBtfc £ M\ Iito test Steel, } T°;ot"'D'HTS:' Dies, Punches, Shears, Etc. Speif £ MMm*n SteeM?°;i,'¥;i^«c'4.ts?s'Lfnfn1; Spindles, Etc., Etc. Chain Cable, Anchors, Oakum, TMtch. Tar, Square and Hexagon Nuts, Bridge Rods and Bolts, Railway aud .Ship Spikes, I']tc. Peter Wright's Patent Anvils and Vises. Morse Slioes, Nails, Etc. IMtlii kil iui JAMES ROBERTSON, 141 Mii! n ^^m 1' MANUFACTURER OF LEAD PIPE, SHOT, PUTTY, White Lead, Colored Paints | Fine Colors. ^XiSO, IMPORTMt OF Galvanized, Russia and Black Sheet Iron, Ingot Tin, Tin- plates, Iron Tubes, Iron Wire, Malleable Iron Fitting-s, Sheet Copper and Zinc, Ingi)t Copper, V. M. Spelter, Linseed Oil, Fire Brick, Fire Clay, Portland Cement, Drain Pipe and Connections. OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE: 37 DOCK AND 30 NELSON STREETS. FACTORY: SHEFFIELD STREET. VI Agr Albt ■^sxvrgmm iMiBMiMM INDEX OF CONTENTS. igrot Tin. s,Taps, Drills, Shoes, lafting. e Rods and Etc. h 5 S. 1, Tin- ngrs, er, L ETS. Agriculture 12, 24 Albert MineM, 73 Andover H2, 119 Area ot, 72 Aroostook, 84, 109, 112 Attractions. V2, 118 Ashburtori Treaty, 110 Aulac, 86 Bathurst, 75, 119 Bay du Vin, 78 Bale Verte, 86 Boundaries, 73, 109, 114 Buctouche, 76 Burton, 82 Ben Lomond 80 Boar's Head, 119 Boiestown, 79 Calais, Me., (| 75 Campbellton, 80, 116, 119 Camjjobello 73 Canterbury, 87, 119 Cape Toriuentine, 8t> Chatham 78, 115, 116, 119 (;liflon, 76 Climate, 2,6,72 Coitl Mines, 80 Co'jaigne, 76 Crown Lands, 12, 72 Dfilhousie, 80,115, 116, 119 Dorchester, 89, 119 Edmundstou 77, 112, 119 E,l«in, 7:5, 115, 118 i'redoricton, 29, HS, 112, 119 Ft. Cumberland, 86 Fish and Game Laws,..24, 120 Fishini; and .Shooting, 74, 75, 76,77,78, 79,80, 82, 87 US Forest Wealth, 24, 89, 90, 99 Trees, varieties of, lu2 (iagetown, 2S, 80, 119 (Irami Falls, S4, 86, 119 Grand Manan, 74, 117, 119 Green Head 77,94, 119 Gibson 88, 112, 118 Hampton, 76, 115, 119 Hillsl)oro, 73, 11."), 119 Hopewell, 37, 115 Indiantown,..26,30, 50, 82, 115 Indian Village, 82 Indians 2t), 30, .50, 82, 118 Index to|Railw's and Sirs., 115 Illustrations, Bridge Cirand Falls,... 85 Custom House, St..Iohn, 1 City Buildinu, fSt. .lohn, 2 Centenary Church, 103 Castle' Hotel, Portland, 111 Fishing on .Miramiclii, Green Head 94 Henry's Lake Mills,... . 105 King St., St. .John, (no.|, 67 King St., St. John, (so ), 19 King Square, St. .Tohn, 21 Kennebeecasis Jiiver,... 96 Lily Lake, Portland, ... 90 Market Building, 42 NEW BRUNSWICK. Market Slip, 15 Market Souare, 17 Masonic lemple, 36 Narrows, Grand Falls,.. 84 Odd Fellows' Hall, 2 Post Otiice 7 Prince VVm. St. (Fast),.. 11 Prince Wm. St., (West), 13 Squa Took Peak, 55 Sc.'ue on Squa Took, ... 51 ' on St. John 98 Snake Brook Mt., Mir., 100 Seal of Province, 72 Silver Falls, 92 Savings Bank, St. John, 4 St. Andrew's Church,... 24 St. David's Church, 10^1 St. John from Carleton, 25 St. John Harbor, 33 Suspension Bridge, 3 Susp'n Br'ge, side view 9 Trinity Church 47 Wii,'gins Orphan Asy'm, 4 Y. M. C. A. Building,... 49 Kennebeecasis Iliver,..77, 119 Lake George, 88 Grand, t^ueen's ( o., 22, 28, 80 '• York, 119 Lily, .53,90 l^omond, 80, 81 Nepisiguit, 76, 84 Oromoeto 81,82 Spruee, 52,54 Tobiqjue, 82 Temiseouta, 78 Utopia, 82 Lauds, cost of, 12 Lepreaux, 74 L'Etete, 80 Loch Lomond, 80 Local Time Table, 109 Lumber,. ..13, 66, 75-83, 89-105 Marysville, 88 Markhamville ....77, 119 Maugerville, 81, 119 Metapedia, 81, 119 Miramichi River,. ..78, 79, 119 Mispeck, 53, 81 Milltown 75, 119 MeAdam Junction, 119 Magaguadavic Falls, 119 Moncton, 87,115,119 Musquash, 81 Map of Canada, back of book Miramichi River, 79 Tobique River 83 Railways, front of book. St. John and Portland, on Ry. Map, front of book. Mines & Minerals, ...22, 73, 74 77, 80, 81, 84, 87, 88 Narrow."*, 77, 119 Nepisiguit, 75, 84 Newca.stle, 78, 119 Nova Scotia 5, U, 22, 26, 28 29,31,35. 115,116,118, 119 VII Oak Point, 77, 119 Orouiocto, 81, 119 Openings for Capital, 8, 12, 1.5, 22, 102, 107 P. E. Island, 5, 86, 110, 115, 119 Penobsquis, 77 Petiticodiac, 87, 115, 119 Point Lepreaux, 74 Pt. du Chene, 87, 11.5, 119 Pokiok, 88 Population, 72, 109 Po.iition, 72 Quaeo Wood Man. Co., 103, 105 Rothesay, 77, 103 Restigouche River 72, 80 Richibucto, 87, 115, 119 Routes of Travel, 119 Railways,....4, 8, 12, 15, '22, 64 89, 106, 109, 112, 115, 118 ■ Albert,... 73, 87, 115, 119 Chatham, 78, 115, 119 Elgin, 73,87, 115, 119 Gd. Southern, 38, 74, 113, 119 Intercolonial, 5, 63, 71, 77 78, 112, 114, 115, 119 Kent Northern, 115, 119 New Brunswick,. ..38, 71, 74, 7.5, 77,79,81, 110, 112, 119 Me^autic, 64, 71, 112 St. Martins & Upham, 104, 115, 119 Steamboats : Bay of Fundy, 4, 116, 117, 119 FlushiiKj, 74, 116, 117, 119 Frontier Line, 114, 119 Furness Line, XVI., 19, 118 International, ...4, 8, 74, 117 May (littL'Ti, 118 Ocean, 11, 19 Soulnngex 118 Union Line 116, 119 Stages, 118 Salisbury, 87, 115, 119 Sackville 87, 119 Shediac, 87, 119 Sheffield 82, 119 Shippegan, 76 St. Andrews, ..74, 109, 112, 119 St. George, 7.5, 119 St. Martins 81, 115, 119 St. Stephen, ...75, 110, 114, 119 Sussex, 77, 119 Shipbuilding,..19, 69, 73, 81, 87 Ships registered, 70 Tabusintac, 79 Tracadie 76 Tobique River, 82, 119 Upper Mills, 75 Vanceboro, Me., 112, 113 Woodstock,.... 73, 109, 116, 119 Woodw kgCo., 105 Westfleld, 77, 119 "West Isles, 74 , Woods and Woodworking Industries, 89 INUKX.-CITY OF SAINT JOHN. Banks, 5,58 Bc.nrd of T rado, X I 5H Carleton, 31, 34, 52, r)4 ' Ferry, IW, 42, 52, 5K Consufh 5i) Churches, 20, 4;") Centiiiiary, 4('), lO.'J It. (". Cathedral, 4(i St. Andrews, 24, 4C> St. Davids, 4<), 104 Triiiitv, 4.^ 47 Climate, (>, 2:i, 24, (I'l Tompurature, (')(» Kaiiif'all (il Courtciiay Bay , 5, IV), (W Description, 34 Environs of, 4H Alms House, 53 Crouch VI lie, 34, 53 Fairviil ■, 51 Lunatic Anyliini, .?2 I^och Lomond I{oad, 53 Marsli Boad, 53 Mispec Road, 53 Mahogany Itoad 52 Moosepath Driv. I'aric, 35 Iturai (Cemetery, 53 Silver Falls, 53, '.)2 Spruce Lake 52, 54 Fires 7,54 Alarm, 57 Department, 54 Founded, 26, 30 Hack Fares, .58 Harbor 5, 11, .33-35,63, (14 Beacon, 35 Breakwater, 35 Docks, 5, 34, 63 Fishing in, 21), 52, 65 Fog-horn, lil Lighthouse 35 Mahogany Island, 35 Navy Isla'nd 26, 28, 35 Partridge Island, M ' Signal Stations, 35,41,74 Tides 5, 6, :M, 38 Wharves, 34, 38, 63 Historical, 26 Hotels and H'dingHoures, 57 Incorporated 31 Lilirarie.-i, 44, 57 Manners and Customs, 50, 118 Municipality, 53 ' Newspapers, 57 Police 43,57, 59 Population 30, oil Public nuildin};s, 41 City MulMing, 4,42 City Market, 42 Court House, 43 County .I;iil, 43 (-ustom House, 1,41 Ferry HuiMing, 38,42 (ias Works 43 (ieneral Hospital, 43 Marine Hospital, 43 Mas'- T Temple, 36,44 Mv^..anics' Institute, ... 44 Odd Fellows' Hall, 2, 14 Polic;()liice, 43 I Post Ok'.cc, 7,41 I Prot. (»riihan Asylum,.. 43 i Registry Ollice 43 R. C. Orphan Asylum, ..4, 46 ."Savings Bank, 4, 5, 40, 58 Wig. Orphan Asylum,..!, 43 y. M.C. A. Buil(ling,..44, 45 Portland, City of, 1,4, 5, 8. .30, 34, 48, 68 Fort Howe, 30, 34 Fire Departuumt, 5 Heights of, 34, 48 Highland Park, 51 Howe's Lake, 51 Incorporated, 48 Indiiiiitown, 49, 11!) Lily Lake, 61,52,90 Location, 1, 4 Main Street, 48 Population, 4€ 59 Police, 48 Water Supply, 54 River St. John, 6, 26, 29, 30 50, 63, 77, 81, 86, 109, 119 Fallrtof, 49,50 First Steamer on, 116 First English Settlem't, 81 Suspension Bridge,. ..3, 9, 51 Opening and Closing of 116 Schools, 57 Societies, Association8,&c. 61 Streets, Squares, etc., 6, 36 Canterhury 40 Charlotte, 40 Dock 38 (iermain, 40 King, 19, 89,67 King S()uare, 21, 40 Market S(iuare, 17, 38 .Market Slip, 15,38,69 Old Burying- Ground,... 40 Prince William 11, 13,38 Princess, 40 Union, 5, 36 Water, 38 Topography, 36 Water and Sewerage, 6, 53 Trade, Commerce and Manufactures, 63 Advantages for, .4, 8, 11, 12, 15 21 22 72 Coasting Trade 4,*'5,'54^ 71 Exports, .statistics of, 64 Imports, " 65 Lumber, " 66 Miscellaneous manuPrs, 63-71 " openings for 23 Shipbuilding, statistics, 69, 70 Woodworking, 89 THE CITT RETAIL TRADE, COUNTRY MERCHANTS, T^A^ILOIiS, IDPIESS 1s/LJ^J^JB:R&, nVEHjLIKTElrtS, fiiUPPIiIf:i» AT I«»- TO 'SWOTi^ Every Man Iffis O^vrn Eets^dloM, NO RENTS! NO TITHES! LOW TAXES! FREE SCHOOLS! SELF GOVERNIVIENT! Fishing: and Sliooting: Equally Free to All. WITHIN ? T© m PAYS TEAYEIL FEOM GREAT BBITAIN. See our Country before deciding upon location. The beat, most centrally situated portion of the American Coutineiit for mixed farming, market gardening, shucp and cattle grazing, dairy farming, etc. Climate suitable for i)roduction of every kind of grain, vegetables, fruit, etc., which does not require tropical heat. The subscriber is in a position to offer for sale, at moderate prices and reasonable terms, centrally situated, well watered, improved farms in various portions of the Province of New Brunswick; many containing comfortable dwellings, commodious barns, good orchards, and every modern requirement. The subscriber not bi'ing a land speculator or interested in any particular locality or farms, has opened communication with agencies in Great Britain, &c., for the purpose of affording relial)le information to intending settlers; also for furnishing such particulars as will enable them to obtain farms best suited to their requirements, experience and means. CORRESPONDENCE SOL,ICITED. Intending settlers will also lind it to their advantage to call upon the subscril)er, who will always be ready to render any assistance in his jiower. Please recollect 1 will show you any and all properties you may desire to see, a;id then introduce you to the owners ; you then have the advantage of my knowledge of the country and of being introduced to the owner to negotiate your own bargain. Before leaving home instruct your friends to address your letters to niy care ; I will take charge of them until your arrival, and thus avoid trouble and annoyance looking after your mail. (Address), GEORGE H. AVAMiACE, Stipendiary Magistrate, Collector of Customs, &c., Sussiix Vale, King's County, New Brunswick, Canada. Particulars of Farms for sale, and other information, can be obtained at the following offices -.—J. G. Colmer, Secretary to Office of High Commissioner for Canada, 9 Victoria Chambers, Ivondon, S. W., England ; John Dyke, 15 Water Street, Liverpool, England ; Thos. Grahame, 40 St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, Scotland ; Chas. Foy, 29 Victoria Place, Belfast, Ire- land ; Thos. Connolly, Northumberland House, Dublin, Ireland ; or Ira Cornwall, Jr., Agent General Province of New Brunswick, 24 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, England. J; P Geo. Arth A. P. ■=WW ^w^ ';<^-5 IXE8! [TAIN. h 1 farming, ['Inch does ble terms, ivince of ma, good ocality or urpose of articulars id nieaps. w'.io will i a;jd then j e country ] will take fter voiir lada. ollowing Victoria i ; Thos, fast, Ire- ill, Jr., d. BOARD OF TKADE OF SAINT JOHN. I] corporate d 1872. James A. Harding, President. Pktkr Clinch, Secretary. H. .1. TiiOKNK, Vice-President. (t. J. CliniH, Trrumrer. COUNCIL. Geo. Robertson, R. Cruikshank, IT. .1. Thome, John McMillnn, S. S. Hall, T. W. Daniel, Arthur P>oritt, J. H. McAvity, (Jhas. Marster.s, U. P. Starr, Andre ('usIiIuk', .1. ('. Uobertson, A. P. Tippett, W. V, Hatheway, J. Harrison. MEMBERS. Guy, Bevan & Co Lumber Ellis, Robertson & Co Publishers Globe W A Lockhart Auctioneer Estey, Alwood & Co Rubber Goods Geo Robertson Grocer Jardine & Co., Grocers J & A McMillan, Booksellers, etc Clarke, Kerr A Thome, Hardware, etc T L Coughlan Jeweler Arthur Everitt, Dry (ioods I «& F Burpee & Co., Iron Merchants Lee & Logan, Grocers F Clementson & Co., Crockeryware T Rankine & Sons Biscuits G Bent & Sons, Grocers, etc S Hay ward & Co., Hardware Geo Philps, Broker H Chubb & Co., Insurance, etc T McAvity & Co., Hardware Manchester, R. A Allison, Dry Goods, etc A B Sheraton Carpets Troop & Son Ship Brokers J M Humphrey Agent Whittaker Bros., Insurance D C Clinch, Broker H R Ranney, Insurance A Cashing &, Co., Lumber Stewart &. White, Furniture W H Havward, Crockery Wm II olive, Broker Wisdom & Fish, Steam Fitters Thos S Adams, Ship Chandler White & Titus Grocers A P Tippett & Co., ...Manufacturers' Agents T R Jones & Co., Dry Goods R W McCarty, Druggist R T Clinch, Snpt W U Tel Co Harding & Hatheway, Grocers, etc Turubull & Co Do. W C Magee & Co., Ship Brokers J A W A Chesley, Foundry Jos Ruddock & Son, Shipbuilders McLellan & Holly, Lumber S. Holly Lumber Tapley Bros Tug Boats W Parks & Son, Cotton Factory E. Fisher, Roofer Wm Shaw, Baker R W W Frink, Insurance Emerson & Fisher, Stoves, etc J R Woodburn & Co., Confectionery J Mcati(ui or ashistanee in my power. » --^mm ^^.j^ MANUPA€TORERS* AGEMCY„ •♦>il,sj|* New Brunswick Manufacturers, gt'nerally, haviiif^ placed their samples, prices, and other information at the Akciu'V in Liverp/ol, dealers and others interested will find the most satisfactory results, and avoid much trouble and delay by conxuuiriicating direct with me as the represeni;>tive of these interests in Clreat Hritain. Hy this means the re(|uiremonts of all parties nw. met without <4xtra charRPt smd misunderstandings, which ar.! unlbrtunately unavoidable ip. direct trade, are prevented. ESTATE AGEMGY.: Having reliable correspondents at various points in New Brunswick, I can otrer special facilities to settlers wisliing to ])urchase improved farms and other property. ^..^Listsof properties for sale, with full partiiiulars, can bo seen at botn otlices. COMMISSION! mSINESS. I ^'^^ Having considerable experience in both countries, and a knowledge of their trade and re(iuircments,also having «!very facility for tlie business, I am prepared to purchase or sell goods in any portion of (ireat Britain anil the Dominion of (.'anada, and conduct a general Commission business through both olHeis on the most favorable terms. mSPR AHCE IBAHCH. FlUr:, MARINE, LIFE, ACCIDENT, and all other classes of Insurance business tran- sacted at both olhees. li^ Marine Insurance placed with liondon and Liverpool Companies on exceptionally favorable terms. JSS' Leading Fire Insurance Companies represented. Agent General Province of New Brunswick, Chubb's Corner, St. John, Or at 24 Chapel Walks, New Brunswick, Canada. Liverpool, England. Cable Addresses.— Cornwall, St. John; or Cornwall, Liverpool. XII mmmmmmm i:i!rxE:xtxriVTXOxrA.x. STEAMSHIP COMPANY! TlIK OM) and rAVOKlTK LiNK oi' Stkamkhs hktwkkn 8T. JOHN, N. B., EASTPORT # PORTLAND, ME. WITH CONNKCnONS TO AM. lAUTS OK TIIK I^eave Ree4l*N Point H'linrf, Hi. John, at H a. ni. t-very IVfondny aid TliiirN- day (liuiiin Jaiiiuiry, I'ehniary, Muicli, A|iril, May, Novoinh; r and Dt'c ("iil> -r, and at H a. ni. every 9Ionda,y, W<>4ln<>N«la.v. and Friday in .liini', .Inly, Annual, ^cp umber, and October. Ijoavo C'onini<'r<*ial Wliarf. HoNtoii, at H.'.Ut n. in. Manir days, (filing at KaNt> port and Portland each way. 4Ld* Ad4lltlonal TrIuN will be nnnle dnrinu .Inno, .Inly, Angust, .<^('))teinour, and October, dnc notict^ of wbien will lie >tiven. Tlirouffli Tlck<>tN ut Reduced Kal< -^ may be bad at all Railway NtationM in tbe Maritime I'rovinces, and upon all NK'ann'r LlroN into St. .lobn. T. C. HERSEY, President & Manager, ) [ ef Engrlneer, ' H.W. CHISHOLM, Agent, H. J. LIBBEY, Treasurer, f Portland, Maine. CAPT. J. B. COYLE, Chief Engineer, * REED'S POINT, SAINT JOHN, N. B. i Elgin Manufacturing Gompanj, Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada, MANUFACTURERS OK Stwi laiffiler ®f All Kiiis. BIRCH. MAPLE, ASH AND POPLAR, Tboroughly weatber and artificially seasoned, always on band. Manufactured Articles of various descriptions to order. A Specialty made of Tubs and Coopers' Work of All Kinds, Packing Cases, Flooring, Staves, Mangle Rollers, Washboards, Venetian Blind Slats, Carriage and Wagon Stock of All Kinds, Ship Timber, (Deck Flank a Specialty), Clotli Boards and Boilers, Turned Work of All Kinds. All articles compactly packed for Export. 'Quotations obtained and Samples to be seen at office of IRA COBNWAL>!L, Jr., Agent General for Province of New Brunswick, atChubb's Corner, St. Jobn, N. B., or 24 Cnapel TV alks, Liverpool, England. XIII Business Directory and Index to Advertisements. 16 12 32 16 I JJusiiie/is and Addrenx. Name. Page. Agont (lenerul lor the Province of New Mriinswick, Liverpool, Ira Cornwall, Jr., xii Allan's IJeef, AVine and Iron, Carleton, St. John.N. K, W. C. K. Allan, 54 ANALYTICAL CHEMIST, Assays and Analyses of Ores, Minerals, Fertilizers, Paints, Drugs, Mediciues, itc, 74 (Jerniain St., St. John, N. K., W. F. Best. Aniline Dyes, in packets, Digby, N. S., J. Chaloner, iv Auctioneer and Keal Kstate nrok<>r, St. John, N. B., AV. A. Lockhart, 13 A. Christie AVood Manufacturing Co., St. John, N. 15., A. Christie, Man., 95 Harker House, (Jueen St., Fredcricton, N. B., F. B. Coleman, cover, 2 Biscuit Manufacturers, Mill Street, St. John, N. 1?., T. Kankine & Sons, 39 Books, Stationery, etc., wholesale and retail, St. John, N. B.,... J. & A. McMillan, ii Boots & Shoe Manufacturers, wholesale, St. John, N. B.,...Jas. Robinson & Co., 66 Barrister and Attorney at Law, Pr. Wni. St., St. John, N, \\., Edmund G. Kaye, 106 Broker and Com. Merchant, I'riiice William .St., St. John, N. R., Geo. K. IJerfon, 7 Carriage & Sleigli .Manfrs., St. Joim, N. 15., Crothers, Henderson & AVils«»n, ix Carriage & Sleigh Manufacturers, Portland, St. John, N. R Price & Shaw, 117 Clifton House, or. Princess and (icrmain Streets, St. Jolin, N. B., A. N. Teters, 4 Commission .Merchant, Nortli Wliarf, St. John, N. B., I. C. Bowman, Commission Merchants, ( huhb's Corner, St. John, N. B., H. Chuhh & Co., Confectionery Manufacturers, Dock St., St. John,N. B., J. K. AVoodburn & Co., Coppersmith, Suiytli Street, St. Johi>, N. B., G. Hevenor, Crockery, China, &c., wholesale and retail, St. John, N. B. , F. Clement.son & Co., Dinner Pills, (Mrs. Watorbury's), St. John, N. B., Mrs. K. H. Lester, map Drugs, Medicines, wholesale and retail, Digby, N. S., J. Chaloner, IV Drugs, Toilet Articles, etc., retail, King Sq., St. John, N. B. R. B. McArthur, 20 Dominion AVire RIattress, Watciville, Quebec, Canada, Geo. Gale & Sons, 48 Dry Goods, London. House Retail, Mkt. Sq., St. John, N. B., J. AV. Barnes & Co., map Dry Goods, Silks, etc., retail. King St., St. John, N. B., John P. Cultey & Co., 18 Dry Goods, Clothing, etc., wholesale. Market Sq., St. John, N. B., Daniel & Boyd, 14 Dry Goods, Oxford Homespuns, &c., wholesale, St. John,N. B., .Vrthur Kveritt, 37 Dry Goods and , S and map Klgin Manufacturing Co., Elgin, A. Co., X. P>., xiii Engraving on AA'oo'ail Works, Nelson Street, St. John, N. B., James i'ender, 113 Human Hair Goods, wh'sale and retail. King Sq., St. John, N. B., J. VV. Kamsdell, 20 Intercolonial Hallway Ticket Offlce, Pr. Wm. St., St. John, N. B.,. .(;eo. I'hilps, 120 International S.S. Co., St. Jolin, \. H., H. \V. Chisliolm, Agent, xiii Iron, Steel. Hoiler Plate, etc., wholesale, St. John, N. B.,...I. & F. Biirpee & Co., vi lion, Old >letals, etc., Portland, St. .lohn, X. B.., John >lcuaco Wood Manufacturing Co., St. John, X. B., Guy, Bevan & Co., 97 Refrigerators made to order. Dock Stret ', St. .Tohn, X. B., C. A. Clark, 101 Royal Insurance Co., Fire and IJfc, St. John, X^. B., Sydney Kayt, Agent, ix Saw Manufacturer, cor. X'^orth and (ieorges Sts., St. John, X. B., J. Fred. Lawton, 3 Saw and Lead Works, and Metal Warehouse, St. John, N. B., Jas. Rohertson, vi Ship Brokers & Com. Merchants, St. John, X. B., & New York, Scammell Bros., 7 Shirt Manfrs., St. John, X. B., Manchester, Rohertson & Allison, viii, and map Stoves, Ranges, etc., 87 Prince William St., St. John, X. B., Campbell & Ellis, 5!) Tourist & Excursion Agents, Xew York, St. John, X. B., Thos. Cook Jfc Son, 120 Trunk Manufacturers, Germain Street, St. John, X. B., W. H. Knowles, 114 TRUNK WAREROOMS, 52 Germain Street, 2 doors south of the Market, St. John, X. B., Trunks, Valises, Carpet Bags, Trunk and Shawl Straps, etc., S. N. Knowles. Union Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Maine, St. John, N. B., W. D. H. Kennedy, i W ALL PAPER, Window Shades, Paints, Oils, Glass, Putty, etc. The Hartshorn Shade Roller is the best in the world, l()4»King St., St. John, X. B,, E. A. Everltt. Wood-Engraving, Philadelphia, Pa., ...Crosscup* West Engraving Co., 50 and 112 Woodstock Woodworking Co., Woodstock, N. B., 99 Wood-Moulding and Planing Mill, St. John, N. B., Fairbanks & Co., 106 Watches, Clocks, Jewelery, etc., 14 King St., St. John, N. B.,...T. L. Coughlan, 18 XV ^XJ Am v44^ ii isn HKTWKKN LONDON, HALIFAX, N. y.,^ST. JOHN, N. B. (Under Contract with the Dominion Government.) "Durham City," - "Boston City," "York City,". - "RiponCity," - "Stockholm City," TONS. 3,092 2,334 2,325 2,290 3,500 " Newcastle City," " Calcutta City," - "Wetherby,"- - " Lincoln City," - Gothenburg City," (I TONS. 2,129 2,850 2,129 2,850 3,650 steamers leave London at least once a montli for Halifax, N. S., and St. John, N. B., and return direct from those Ports to London. Goods of every description taken at lowest rates between the Ports named, and Through Bills of Lading granted to other Ports desired by shippers. Special attention given to shijjinents of Cattle and Produce of all kinds from New Brunswick and Nova Seotia. LONDON— ADAMSON & RONALDSON, 34 Leadenhall Street. HALIFAX, N. S.~PICKFORD & BLACK, 51 Water Street. ST. JOHN, N. B.— S. SCHOFIELD, 130 Prince William Street. CHRISTOPHER FURilESS West Hartlepool and Newcastle on Tyne. ^ ■ ^ ' • XVI N.B. TONS. 2,129 2,850 2,129 2,850 3,650 ^^^^©ffiiw^ii'a IIV IRA CORNWALL, jR. Agent General for the Pr'ovince of New Br'unswick. The Custnni House, St. J«)hn, N. B. Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada, ARE treated of jih one in the following introdtietion, for altliongh under sep- . urate municipal governments, thf y are practically one, and their interests identical. By reference to the accompanying map, their contiguity will be re readily appreciated. St. John embraces both east and west (Carleion) are identical, more sides of the harbour, while Portland almost surrounds it on the north-western boundary, and extends back to the Kennebeccjiais Ki^ covering a much lar- ger area than St. John City. 1 It is the intention of the publisher of this "Hand Book" to incorporate a few unvarnished business facts in such a form as will be more readily under- stood by capitalists, manufacturers, and the mercantile men of the old world. It is not his wish to offer any inducements which might unduly influence com- fortably situated residents of the mother lands to relin({uish the luxuries they now enjoy for the excitement and enterprize required in the development of a younger country. It would also be a mistake to suggest to investors, who are now in receipt of moderate but reasonable interest for their money, to relin- (|uish that for the more lucrative — but also more variable — returns accom- panying such developments. It is quite apparent, however, that there is and always will be an overflow of both capital and labour from the exigencies ac- companying expansion in the older countries. The increasing tendency there, by men of large means, to monopolize both business and projjcrty, taken City Building. Odd Fellows' Hall. with the ordinary growth of population and increase of capital, all combine to drive both men and money to seek new fields. The question therefore arises, where is the best place for the surplus to locate ? The place with the largest combination of circumstances in its favour, — it will be our endeavour to show our readers — can be found in New Brunswick, In dealing with this subject it is also worthy of remark that while India and other portions of the British Empire have been largely developed by the merchant princes of Great Britain, little attention has been given to our Do- minion. Let us hope that it is simply a want of knowledge of the country that has caused th'h,_ When it is better known that we are not in that semi- Icelandic condition, as to climate, generally attributed to us; when our general advancement and great advantages are better understood, we trust those men rporate a ly under- Id world, nee com- iries they [uent of a , who are to relin- is accom- ire is and encies ac- ley there, ty, taken !WB c^ combine therefore with the ideavour lie India id by the our Do- country at semi- general Hiose men who have contributed so freely of their sons and capital to our sister Colonies, will turn their attention this way. The cry of the Old World father is, " What shall I do with my boys?" We say, why send them out to the trials and risks of the India climate when you can find ecjnal facilities for utilizing their ener- gies and your capital by establishing branches of your business in this country. Let them cast in their lot witli the 5,000,000, and rapidly increasing popu- lation of the Dominion ; none of the Colonies are so favourably situated in any particular. Here they will be much nearer home and among people of their own race. In asking the careful consideration of our statements we must ask our read- ers to study tlie favourable position of our Port, for trade with foreign countries, 8u8penHion Bridg<* SAWS! I. FB. uwm, Saw Manufacturer, Corner North and Georges Streets, Every Saw Warranted. PRICE LIST AND TERMS ON APPLICATION. by consiilling a niap of the world. The majis accompanying this hook will also enable them to form an idea of the unequalled location and facilities whiih make this a key to the home trade of the whole Doiiiinion of Canada. It will be observed that St. John and Portland are not only located at the most central point for the vast network of railways now rnnning through this section, but for connecting us with all important parts of the Dominion of Canada and the I'nited vStates from the Atlantic to the Pacifu'. Ik'sidcs tiiose lines shown on the map very great additions will be made by several others projected and under construction. An im[K)rtant line of l.rge and cojnmodious steamers (called tlie Inter- national) running almost u. Uy between this Port and Portland, Maine, and Boston, Massachusetts, give us a regular outlet for both freight and passenger traffic, to which we will refer {gain. Wiggins Orphan Asylum. Savings Bank. A very considerable amo;mt of business is brought to these cities by other lines of local steamers plying upon the Bay of F'undy from Digby, Annapolis % 74 Princess and 143 Germain Streets, St. Jolin, N. B. Jt^ In Every Particular First-Class. Heated by Steam Throughoutc Prompt Attention and Moderate Charges. iiiid Yaniioutli, X. S., St. Stoplieii iiiul St. Amlri'ws, N. B., GraiKi Maiuiii, t\:c'. The great Kiver St. John (described fully upDU page 50) and its tributaries pours into these cities a valua'^le trade as well a-* a large passenger traffic, by the various lines of steamers and a large fleet of sailing craft. This trade alone, as it develops, assures this i'ort of an iuii)ortant position as a distributing centie. In addition to the Ion-going we have a large and constantly increasing tratlic by small schooners, making the adjacent fertile coasts of Nova Scotia and portions of our own I'rovince tributary to our trade. Tiie larger portion of the trade of Prince Kdward Island |)asscs through tliis Port. Space will not permit our enlarging upon these i)oints, but it will 1)(> unnecessary witli our i)ractical readers, as they will readily take in the great advantages of the situation by consulting the maps which acconii)any tliis parn[)hlet. We refer in detail to our harbour upon pages 84 and (53, but are looking lu)i)efully to a change in lite management which will assure us immediate im- provements in harbour facilities. We may also ho])e for the early construction of dry and wet docks and such other terminal facilities as the unc(]ualled position of the Port Inlly justify. Independent of all artificial aids the great rise and fall of tide in the har- bour, which is only surpassed by that of one otiier harbour in the world, oilers great facilities for the examination and repairing of the hulls of vessels. The hard level bottom afU)rds a firm rest without risk of straining. A large business in this way is now done by our shipwrights. Ily reference to the ])lan of the Cities it will be seen that we hsve unsur- passed facilities for extension of our wharfage and warehousing both in St. John East and West as well as in Portland, while Courtney Bay aod other sections offer most excellent facilities for Docks. The Cities being almost surrounded by water and railways offer great ad- vantages for manufacLuring sites, whei-e the raw materials can be laid down at the doors of the factories and the manufactured articles taken away with but little handling. A splendid Fire D^'partment and Salvage Corps with am{)le water supply, referred to elsewhere, assures us reasonable rates for lire insurance. All the leading Insurance Companies of Gi'eat Britain, the United States and Canada have brandies here. Our Banking facilities are ample for not only present trade but for unlimited expansion of all legitimate branches of business. Having branches, connections, or correspondents in all important centres throughout the globe, their facilities for transacting all classes of exchange operations, etc., are ample. The following lianks have branches in St. John : — The " Bank of Montreal " p;ud up capita""l !?12,000,000, (about £2,400,000 sterling), London, England, oflit'e, 9 Birchen L me, Lombard street, E. C. ; the " Bank of British North America," paid up capital, about 84,8(36,05(5, (£1,000,000 sterling), London, iMigland, office, 3 Clements I^ane, Lotnbard street, E. C. ; the " Bank of Nova Scotia," capital .S1,2')(),00(J, (about £250,000 sterling); the "Halifax Banking ("ompany," capital $500,000. (about £100,000 sterling). The following have their head offices here: — Tiie Bank of New Brunswick, capital ij^l, 000,000, (about £200,000 sterling) ; the ?Iaritime Bank, $(586,000, (about £137,200 sterling) ; besides private Banking houses with considerable resources. A Savings Bank under control of the Dominion (Tovernment accepts deposits at a good rate of interest. The Post Office Money Order Department offers the same facilities as in England. The American and Intercolonial Express Companies transfer money from various points at low rates. The Electric Telegraph Company make transfers hy telegraph at moderate rates. Although the Cities are comparatively young a very large anmunt of money has been ex[)ended in making good streets and sewerage. The steep slopes upon which the Cities are huilt giving almost natural drainage suHicient for any increase of inhabitants. The rapidity with which most of our streets dry after a rain renders scavanger work exceedingly light. The great rise and fill of tide, varying from 20 to 28 feet is also an excellent purifier. These inHuencos, added to the general healthfulness of the atmosphere, make a most important feature in our favour. The statistics of the health and longevity of the inhabitants of this section are unparalleled in any other part of this Con- tinent. Malarial diseaser: are unknown, while the peojjle are remarkably free from pulmonary troubles of every kind. The Cities are exceptionally exempt from epidemic diseases. Those great enemies of the }»rairies and western portion of the Continent, blizzards, tornadoes, and cyclones, jire unknown here; while earthquakes and tidal waves have never inflicted any damaere uj>on either |)ersons or property worthy of consideration. The late Secretary of the Manufacturers and Mechanics Association of New Hrunswiek, having resided in various portions of Canada as well as Great Britain, and being well acquainted (from frequent visits) with a large portion of the Uniied States, pays a very high tribute to the climatic and other advantages of these Cities. He says: " On identifying myself with the Association I fully considered the great and growing im- 1 portance the manufacturing interests were to this place, and think if the great advani .res we have over the western cities were more tlioroughly known the capitalists would be n. ire willing to invest their money in such enterfirises. The leading points in our favour are that we have so large a proportion of the leading raw materials so near at hand and so many and increasing means of transporting the manufac- tured goods to all points both local and foreign, cheap living which means cheap labour, a climate which alone should draw mechanics from all points, besides others which it is quite | unnecessary to enumerate. With these considerations in view I cannot feel any doubt as to the success of our city as a manufacturing as well as a commercial c -ntre. The advantages of this climate for mechanics have been most forcibly brought to my notice recently. Having been on a visit to the West I took occasion to visit some of the leading manufactories, and I was particularly struck with the weary, overworked appear- ance of the mechanics as compared with those of our own Province. The reasons for this are quite apparent when you consider the intense heat the former are subjected to, not only during the time they are in the factories but also at night, for a | cool refreshing sleep is impossible during the greater part of the summer months in On- tario, Quebec and a large portion of the thiited States. Contrasting this with the position of our people, who can enjoy our delightful cool nights and the corresponding rest, which alone must prolong the lives of our mechanics and enable th"m to do more work, it should | also be a strong resison for them to accept lower wages than in other places." Additional evidence is given in favour of the climate by the large and con- 1 stantly increasing streams of visitors annually coming here to avoid the almost tropical summer heat of places North, South and West. Upon page 60 is I given an official statement of the temperature for the last ten years, which will show that extremes of either heat or cold are exceptional and of short! duration. For the benefit of our English readers we may add that taking all seasons as a whole this climate is generally preferred to that of most parts of I Great Britain. The cold of mid-winter is usually clear and bracing; while the mercury ranges much lower than in that country ; we are rarely visited by the penetrating damp cold atmosphere which is so depressing and unfor- tunately, 80 common to the climate of that country. During the summer oppressive heat is never felt in these cities; in fact the temperature of that season is as near an approach to that of North Wales or the midland counties of England as can be found in any part of this Continent. These facts will, j we trust, be sufficient to establish all we claim for the climate. Electric lount of he steep suflicient ir streets rise and . These e a most gevity of tins ('on- ably free i' exempt 'ontinent, akes and property rers and portions frecjuent ribute to rowing im- idvanl '^es Id be 11. ore eading raw ! manufac- p labour^ a 1 it is quite Joubt as to ght to my anie of the ed appear- the former ght, for a ths in On- le position est, which it should and con- le almost ige 60 is •s, which of short iking all parts of ; while y visited d unfor- summer e of that counties icts will, GEORGE KERR w».. . w.., Merchandise Broker and Commission Merchant, SOI.K AfiKNT FOR MeHHrs. Peek Brothers & Co., London, Gngland — Teas, &c. Messrs. Maconochle Brothers, Lowestoft', England — Suft'olk Pivkles, &c. Messrs. Barnes &> Haskins, Hamilton, Ontario — Native \Vin'>s. The Britisli American Starch Works, Braniford, Ontario The Adams Toliacco Company, Montreal. The Southern Packings Company, of Los Angelos, California. The Cutting Packing Company, of Han l^ancisco, California. *»» Consignments receive careful, prompt and personal attention. Office and Sample Hooms: No. 70 Prince William Street, ST. JOHN, N. B. One of the strongest eviden- ces that these Cities are a neces- sity SIS a trade and manufactur- ing centre, as well as of their prosperity, may be gathered from the knowledge that they have several times been almost annihilated by fire and each time rebuilt by much improved buildings. Fortunately this kind of calamitv is not likelv again to occur. A large proportion of the l)uildings wliich were formerly .of wood, have been replaced by- most substanial brick and stone structures, as will be seen by t h e numerous illustrations which embellish this book. Great improvements have been made in our means for extin- guishing fires as well as in our water supply, which, compara- tively, are not surpassed in any part of the world. Post Office. Agents for the ANCHOR LINE at ST. JOHN, N. B. SCIllELL BIO'TIEIS, Commission MeiciiantSiSliipiSleamsliip Brol(m, MAGEE BLOCK, WATER STREET, SAINT JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK. Cable Address: Scammrlis. ALSO AT 119 PEARL ST., NEW YORK. ^am\ \W' Irtat of llic tnulf, maiuifiictmiiig nn?e (')3 and the succeed in jj: pageH. From what h;i.s been done in the snccessliil operation of the establishments now in existence, the adaptaiiiiity of this hx-ation foi- thi'se lines will he readily appreciated. \Ve will now endeavour t<» ilenionstrate that there is still room forexjtan- sion in many of these same branches as well as many special o])eninj,'s for enterprise and iiivistments. We are Jiistilied in claiming,' that for import and export trade as well as a mainifactnrint,' ci'iUre these cities possess inniunerable advantaj^es over any oilier ("aiiadia.i port. For the location of wholesale warehonses this is nn- (picslio!iably (he most commandinj? position, and those men^hants makiiijf this their head (piarters will iiltimalely (^onunand the raj)idly increasin<; trade of our yotnifi Doiiiinion. Tile I'roieriive 'J'arill' wliitli is now in force practically excludes foreign com])etitioi) in all the articles we can prodnee or mannfactnre. Tills Taiiir is not likely to be aliolished, nor is a change in administration likely to materially altei- our National Policy. Tims the whole (»f the home consumption of the present and rapidly increasing ))opnlatiei of the Dominion must Ik- supplied by onr own peo[>le without fear of outside competition. As a distributing centre for the business St. John and I*ortlanam communication, both Winter and Sum- mer, with Portland, Maine, and Boston, Mass., previously referred to, aflbrds ample facilities for connection with the United States trunk lines of railway. ]"'or the slii|iment of freiiilit to the West an always ibtainabic, and of this our sii}),)ly is pracUi'ally inexh ristibli'. The sliipmen.s in this line will be t^reatly eiilarjied by the (ii^'elopment of the i n an u fact lire of wooden wares, which we deal with more fully in the eoneludiu.> p trtiou of this b()(>k. The extension of our railway eonneetions will jj;ive us increased proportions of western out-^oinij: freig''^^' of grain arnt other products as well as lower rates for freights from the VVesi. This being an important tertninal point for ; the C.'anadian KaiUvay system will, nj)on the completion of the Canadian i Pacific Railway, make it the leading port for handling a large amount of i through freight which nuist pass between Kuro[)e and other eastern countries ! and China, Japan and other western sections. j That line will imdoubtedly i<>rm the connecting link for the shortest route between tli:)sc countries, ami alrea.ly negotiations have been opened by the Jai)anese Covernmenl for the establishment of a direct line of steamers from that country t > connect with it at British Columbia, With these {)oints in our favor we are placed as the leading eastern v"anadi;,i( p«>!'. for both Winter and Summer tratlic, and our position is im|)regnabl''. In taking into consideration the rapid strides of tlie dominion, the marked progress in the development of this I'l-ovince forms an important element in our favour. In agricultural, manuficturing and other matters it is only in its infancy. The facilities now oil'ercd by the Provincial Covernment must lead to a large influx of population. The Crown Lands, which are situated in various portions of the Province, oiler some of the flnest and best lands in the Dominion for agricultural pur|)oses, eitlier as free grants or at })rices so moderate as to place them within the reach of men with very small means. In addition to these openings there are many line imj)roved farms obtainable at very moderate prices and ou most favorable terms in various sections of the 12 Province. Tlie liittcr especially oHer some splendid openings for experienced Farmers, Stock Raisers. Market (iardeners, (Sec. In tl)e hands of people of this class these farms wonld prove of untold value. At present many of them are in the hands of inexperienced people, others are held hy owners who devote much of their time to fishing and lumhering, which ruins their pros- pect as faiMuers. West Side Prince William Street. For this reason they can be purchased much below their value. Most of these farms are within easy access of the best of markets, and in fact almost all produce can be sold at the doors of the owners. Tliose of our readers wishing information regarding special farms, etc., we would recommend to communicate witli George H. Wallace, Esq., Collector of Customs and .A.TJC TIOZS^EEI^ , Stock, Bond ^ Real Estate Broker, 106 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET, SAINT JOHN, N. B. 13 DANIEL & BOYD, -AND- ■^Arii:OIL.EIS^^X_.EI IDEIj^LEII^S IN EVKRY DESCRIPTION OF Also, Manufacturers of Men's Clothing of All Kinds, WHICH, TOGETHER WITH A Full Stock in all the Various Departments of the Trade, form a Full, Useful, and Attractive As- sortment DANIEL & BOYD, Market Square and Chipman's Hill, W, M« THOBME & CO. Hardware Merchants, 44 k 46 Market Square, and Warehouse, Foot Union St., SPECIAL AGENTS FOR D. F. JONES & CO.— SHOVELS, ETC. WALTER CARSON'S ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS. HAZARD POWDER CO.— POWDERS. NEW ROCKLAND SLATE CO.— SLATES. J. F. LAWTON-SAWS. A FULL STOCK ON HAND OF Fishing Supplies, Mill Supplies, PAINTS, OILS. Mm ©LASS. 14 Stipendiary Magistrate at Sussex, King's Co., one of our most reliable and enterprising settlers, whose advertisement will be found on page xiv. A short sketch of the various Counties and the leading Provincial towns and villages will be found upon page 73 and the following pages, and in many of these special advantages are offered for the location of manufactories of various kinds. Even with the facts we can place before our readers they can form but a slight conce}>tion of the openings for a home market for our manu- factures and produce, Many of the foregoing remarks are equally applicable to our advantages as a distributing centre for imports. As Boston and New York are the leading points for the wholesale trade of the United States so must this be for the Dominion. While we have an open port at all seasons, our competitors for this trade, Montreal, Toronto, &c., are closed from all nnvigation at least five months of the year. The closing of navigation on the lakes leaves them practically at the mercy of railway monopolies. Where the merchants of these cities can replenish their stocks at any season, their com})etitors at those points have to lay in the main portion of their goods during the season of navigation, or Market Square (Nortli Side). submit to excessive railway freights. Our wholesale dealers are in a position in consequence to treat their customers much better than their competitors farther west. To quote the language recently used by a leading Montreal railway man- ager and financial agent, ** It is only a question of time when Montreal and Toronto will simply oe way stations on the road from the West to St. John and Halifax." The advantages of our position for trade with the West Indies are unsur- passed, i 15 BARBOUR BROS. Produce .'Gommiggion ilepchante WIIOLESALK DEALERS IN f ) Salt, Provisions, Groceries, Oils, and Ship Stores. .A-LSO EXI'OIt.'XEieS OIF Pickled and Dry Fish, Boxed Smol(ed Herring, Canned Salmon, Lobsters, &c. OI^lDEK-S SOLICITED. 9, 10 Si 11 SOUTH WHARF, COR. WARD STREET, Sr. JOHN, N. B. Wm.V. Barholr. (iko. L. Harhouk. Jas. H. Lake. r. C. BOW^MAN, oo:M::]ynissioiT :M:E]K.oi3:^isrT In Flour, Oatmeal, Cormneal, Shorts, liran, Oats, Butter, and Produce Generally. Auent eor APPLETON, MACHIN & CO., London, England — TEAS. Corner North Market Wharf and Nelson Street. ST. JOHN, N. B. JOHN A. WILSON, 56 Dock Street, St. John, N. B. Tim iiiiiMi , HZE^EISrOIEt, Smyth Street, Off NorthJWharf, Saint John, N. B. COPPER ^ SHEET IRON WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. all k^nds of repairing promptly attended to. 16 In addition to owning the ships best adapted for that trade, negotiations are now in progress which will give us a direct line of steam oonirnunication. Our fish and himber find a large sale in their markets, while our demand for their products is increasing ; in fact, we should not only have the monopoly of this trade but are in the best position in Canada for the manufacture of articles from the raw materials furnished by those Islands. While the United States are shut out from competing with our manufac- turers, their markets are o[)en to many of our j)roducts. The inhabitants, especially those of Boston and New York, consume enormous quantities of our country produce. The export of potatoes is enormous; while the ship- ments of strawberries is surprisingly large. It is an admitted fact that our strawberries, as well as our'apples and potatoes, are unsurpassed both for flavor and quality. . South Wharf— Market Slip. ' We also supply large quantities of fish, oysters and lobsters to those mar- kets, and find a ready sale for our surplus garden produce, which, from its excellent quality, always commands the best prices. This traffic adds much to the freight handled at this port, and draws considerable local trade. St. .John will always hold, and, we trust, rapidly improve upon her proud position as the fourth largest shipowuing port in the world, (see list of ton- nage upon page 64). A temporary decrease in her tonnage has been caused by the large overproduction of 6teamsliij)s. This has led to an unfavorable j competition against sailing vessels which has now, a})parently, reached its j turning point. Our vessels are again asserting their supremacy. 17 CILBERT BEIMT $i SOBIS, RECEIVERS A.ND SHIPPERS OF FISH, Wholksale Dkalkrs in Flour, Salt, Provisions, Staple Groceries, and West India Produce. Nos. 5, 6, 7 ^8 So uth Market Wharf, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA. ^'^.\^]E;:.x.,i:«E£R,"e< ,i«i.. T. L. COUGHLAN, 14 KliijjT Street, ST. JOHN, N. B. Diamonds, W^atehes, Clocks, AGENT FOR BLACK & CO.'S SPECTACLES. JOHNP.CULLEY&CO. IMrOUTERS OF DRY GOODS, Ladies' i Children's MmWw GENT'S FURNISHING GOODS. so?. croHisr, ±t. b. i^ Iron vessels may take the place of wooden ones witliont interferinfj; with one of our important industries — shiphiiihiing, (referred to upon page 6!>). The facilities for iron shiphnilding are ample, and only recpiire to be devel- oped. Many of our people are interested in iron i\s well as wooden vessels. During ail seasons we have almost daily direct arrivals, of either steam <)r sailing vessels from, and departures for European ports. The central position of the Cities, with the direct railway connections, enables our shippers and importers to avail themselves of the competitiim of lines of steamers running to (^lebee, P. Q., Ilalifa.x, N. S., Portland, Me., Boston, Mass., or New York. South Side King Street. The " Allan," " Dominion," " Furness," " Beaver," and other lines of steam- ers running to the Canadian ports, ofier every accommodation for all classes of freight and passenger traffic. Having agencies at all loading [u)ints both in (Jreat Britain and the Continent, our readers will find the representatives of these lines excellent mediums through which to obtain information regard- ing this Province. The "Furness" Company, in addition to their line of first-class steamers, now running from Boston and Halifax, have recently received a subsidy from the Dominion Government for placing some of their steamers regularly upon the route between this Port and London, England. This is done with the in- Tmm f^%M BTMrnMi Persons cour . MADE >A/'ELCOME. .5AINT John should not foboet to call at the No. 59 Charlotte Street, Opp. King Square, Where they can be providtid with a refreshing drink of (General Favorite )j Manufnctured on the premises by experienced and competent persons, warranted pare and (ree from Lead, Copper, or other injurious ingredients. Also n large assort nicut of /^ T f^ A "R Q (some of the Brands cannot be excelled for Quality and Flavor) will v-' J- VTXX JTw lO be sold remarkably low. DRUGS and CHEMICALS, all the latest reliable preparations. Perfumery, Toilet Articles, Paints, Oil, Varnish, Glass, Putty, And a large variety of DrugglHts' Sundries. To arrive in season : A splendid assortment of Christinas and New Years Cards, (New Designs) Artilicial Flowers for ('hristmas Decorations, &c., &c. 41^ All will be sold low lor Cash. R. D. JVLC-cLRTH U R, Proprietor. Manufacturer, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in HTjrsni/vxt imAMWL choose. Ladies' and Gents' Wigs, with INVISIBLE HAIR LACE SEAMS, a Specialty. Saratoga Waves, French Fronts, Scallops & Frizzes in endless varieties. Silk & Hair Nets, Jnte Braids & Switches, and a very choice stock of HUMAN HAIR BRAIDS, manufactured from the first quality of French Hair. kiies' ^ CMMfei's laif Cultisf ^ Syipaiui, 65 CHARLOTTE ST., OPP. KING SQUARE, SAINT JOHN, N. B. 26 Charlotte Street, Toung Men's Christian Association Building, IMl'ORTICR OF ALL KINDS OF Whips, Brushes, Curry Combs, Patent Leather, C<»llar Cloth, Horse Blankets, Saddlers' Tools, Axle Grease, Zinc Collar Patis, Ktc. Large Discount to Wholesale Purchasers. Prompt Attention to Orders. 20 tention of promoting the shipment of cattle, fish, and other produce direct from this Port, Tiiis connecticm being so important to the cities, will not only receive the most liberal sui)port of their merchants and shippers, but is most strongly recommended to tl\eir European connections. It is the intention of ! tiie owners to make ample arrangements upcm their steamers for carrying i settlers and their eflects direct from London to St. John. This accommod.'tion ; will enable manufacturers and others, whose machinery, plant or capital may be either idle or unproductive, on the other side of the Atlantic, to transplant it to our own shores with great facility. King Square, (From the Market). In dealing with our advantages as a manufacturing centre the most iniport- aiit consideration, not only to the manufacturer, but also to the steamship owner, is the cost of fuel. Wood is still used largely fur this purpose. The saw mills and wood-working factories save nuich expense in cost of material, c:irtai,a% and labour by the use of refuse from their raw materials for their tires. Edgings, slabs and other refuse are used for house fuel, especiiilly during the summer, and for kindling, and can be delivered at the doors of resitlents at a cost of i^l.OO (equal to 4s\) per waggon load. Abundance of cord wood is also 21 . obtainable at a very low price, and is much used, making a most cheerful fire in large open fireplaces. Coal of the hest quality is abundant, cheap, and within easy access of the Cities. Some fine seams are now being worked at Grand Lake, within a f hort distance of St. John. There are large deposits in other portions of Queen's County and niany other sections of the Province which will be utilized as sections are o{)ened up by the railways now under construction. Situated at the head of the Bay of Fundy, within 90 miles of the Cities, and accessible by water at all seasons of the year, are almost exhaustless sup- plies of coal. The Joggins mine, capable of producing 100,000 tons per annum for the next 700 years, is situated as stated above. Three other mines near the same locality have a capacity for the same output for 900 years. The Spring Hill mine, one of the most productive in Nova Scotia, is situ- ated in Cumberland County, within 30 miles of the same water communication and connected therewith by a line of railway owned by the Mining Company ; enabling them to compete most favourably with the other mines. Keference to the map will show our excellent railway connections with these mines, and the rapidly increasing railway facilities will render these and other points still more accessible. Large supplies of coal are regularly brought from Pictou, N. S., Cape Breton, &c. Other valuable minerals are found in the Province ; among the most import- ant are Copper, Antimony, Iron, Manganese, Gold, Silver, Lead, Plumbago, and AlberLite. Petroleum is found in several localities. Salt mills, both productive and profitable, are being worked. Gypsum, Limestone, Freestone, are plentiful. Large quantities of stone for the manfacture of grindstones is quarried in the Province. Brick clay is abundant, and brick making is a large industry. The Red and Gray Granite, of which there are exhaustless supplies, are considered the finest in the world. Quarrying and polishing these stones affords employment to large numbers of workmen. The supplies of Iron, which are accessible for the use of the City manu- facturers, are practically inexhaustible. In addition to the mines near Wood- stock, referred to upon page 73, we obtain supplies from New Glasgow and Londonderry mines, in Nova Scotia, the latter being within 200 miles of the Cities ; and with direct railway communication, enables us to obtain this raw material at very moderate rates. Besides our advantages of cheap fuel and other means of obtaining artificial power, we have, within a short distance of the Cities, and at numerous other points throughout the Province, many most valuable water power privileges which can be purchased at moderate prices. As to our general advantages for the location of manufactories, a gentleman interested in establishing a rolling mill and iron works, while making a com- parison between SI. John and several Ontario towns, reported strongly in favour of St. John, adding: "In the item of fuel alone there would be a saving "of from $14,000 to $16,000 per annum, besides a large difference in the cost "of pig and scrap iron and other matters." This report being based upon an establishment of very ordinary capacity, employing about 150 hands, gives a strong point in our favor. We may add that provisions, clothing, and all necessities of life are very reasonable in price. House rents and other ex- penses are moderate, while the price of building materials, labour and lands are such that the possession of dwellings of their own may be a reasonable ambition to every provident family. Space will not permit us to deal with the various points in favour of this location for all the various branches of manufactures ; but we may enumer- ate a small number of the lines in which there are openings, in addition to 22 those already referred to, viz: — Steel and Iron nteani and sailinji ships, I'.uihl- trs. Saddlers and General Hardware, Malleahle Iron Wares, Fire and Burglar I'roof Safes, Weif?Iiing Scales and Balances, Sewing Machines, Wire Works, (locks and Watches, Agricultnral Implements, Glass and Pottery, RnbberCJoods of all kinds, Felt Goods of all varieties, Flonr and Oat Meal Mills, Corn and IVttato Starch, Tobacco, Jellies, Jams, Marmalades, Vinegar, Pickles, Sauces, Linseed Oil, Paint and Colours. Glue, Alkalies, Potash, Soda and Ammonia, with their Carbonets ; Printing, Wall and other classes of Paper, Horn, Wood, (Jonjposition and other Buttons, Carpets, Oil Cloths, Linoleums, Lace, Alpacas, Broadcloths, Tweeds, Linen and Silk Goods, Rul)l)er and Leather Belting and Mill Supplies; Rope, Cordage and Twine; Steel, Cutlery, F'ire Arms, Gun Powder, Shot, Ac. The wood-working industries we deal with specially upon page 89 and the following pages. We need not further enlarge upon our list, as it will readily be seen the field is almost limitless. The business of canning fish, meat, fruit and vegetables — as well as pick- ling, curing and packing the first named, are capable of great extension. The exports of frozen meat and fish are extending each year, and there is room for the investment of large capital in developing these lines. The facilities for this branch will also be much increased by the " Furness" line of steamers M H O (25) I THE CUT OF SAINT JOHN. HISTORICAL. ONE of. the outt'oines of the " Revohitionary Vj'ar " was the exi)atriation of a large number of peojjle from the United States, and the founding of several cities and towns in the wilds of Acadia. St. John was one of these. The Royalists were active i)artizans in tlie struggle between tlie revolted colonies and the Mother Country, and strove by every means in their power to prevent the colonies from obtaining their independence. They were no doubt, at least the great majority of them, actuated solely by an intense loyalty to the IJritish Crown and British insfitutions ; but, as the war progressed, they became imbued with the bitterness incident to a civil war, and were guilty of many acts of doubtful necessity. liealizing as the war drew near its clo'^e that the cessation of hostilities would be but the beginning of their difiiculties — that tliey would be exposed to the tender mercies of an ungoverned mob, without means of defense or hope of redress — they decided to seek new homes for themselves in this far away land. Personal security was not, however, the sole incentive which prompted them. Patriotic devotion to king and country was tiie mainspring of their action. Over 30,000 of these refugees, or Ignited Empire Loyalists as they were called, settled in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia at or soon after the close of the war, nearly doubling the former population of the country. St. John Founded.— Twenty vessels* with between three and four thousand of tiiese Loyalist Refugees, men, women and children, arrived in the harbor of St. John between the 10th and LSth May, 1783, but a landing was not made until the LSth, owing to the coldness of the weather. This landing of the Loyalists is usually regarded as the founding of the city. The site of St. John was the 3Ieiiar/wes of the Micmacs and the iiome of the divine Glossecap, one of two great brothers of unknown origin and invincible power. The Micmacs, Etechemins or Souriquois, as the Indians who formerly occupied the territory around the mouth of the St. John are variously desig- nated, are a branch of the great Algonquin Tribe — a brave and warlike people. Their headquarters were on Navy Island, in the harbor of St. John (see plan) where tliey had a village surrounded by a high palisade. Early in June l()0O,t four hundred of these Indians assembled at St. John prei)aratory to a raid against the Armouchicjuois at Saco, Maine. In June, 1G04, De Monts, the commander of the seccnd colonizing expedi- tion to the Bay of Fundy, arrived at St. John, and after a thorough examina- tion and sounding of the harbor, sailed up tlie river as far as the depth of the water would permit. Claude De La Tour, a Frenchman married to an English Lidy, received a grant of the whole of Acadia from Sir Wm. Alexander in 1029. Three years later his son, Charles De St. Etienne De La Tour, M. Denys and De Razillai were appointed governors of the country by the King of France — Charles the First of England having renounced his claims to it. Denys went fish- ing in Cape Breton, De Razillai died and was succeeded by a relative, D'Aulnay Charnizay, between whom and De La Tour disputes arose almost immediately ♦The names of the vessels were,— The Camel, Union, Aurora, Hope, Otter, Spencer, Em- met, Thames, Spring, liridgewaterj Favorite, Ann, Commerce, William, Lord Townsend, Sovereign, Sally, Cyrus, Brittain, Knig George. — lILstoryoJ St. John,—li. K. Jack. t History of St. John.— D. R. Jack. m^ DEAl Grc Stores ii Ri VIS] Bought c (26) ESTABLISHED 1836. JARDINE & CO. m WHOrKSAlLE AND RETAIL a s* 9 85 & S5j4 Prince William St., and 28 Water St., DIKKCT IMPORTERS OK BI^ITISH, "LATEST XI^JDXJ^, ms; ij ^JH^ ig™ fywmmw -u f lllli. DEALERS in Peruvian (iuiino, Superpliosphate of Linio, Ground Honos, I?one Moal, (irouiul Plaster and otlier Fcrtilizcus, Sheep Dip, Oil Cake, Etc. Ships supplied with Stores in Bond or Duty Paid. Seed and Other Catalogues snnt on api)li('ation. I 57 KING STREET, FUMSo SAINT JOHN, N. B. Railway and Society orders carefully executed. VISITORS TO THE EXHIBITION, ATTENTION. M. SlPS^a^a. (DIFS'^SIE 9 L FROM NOW UNTIL THE END OP THIS VEAR, WK WILL DELIVER ALL WmwmMmwm audi Mattress©® Bouglit from us to any Station on the I. C. R., freight prepaid, and at Liowest Ca^h Trices. 83 ami 85 CHARLOTTE STREET. " ■ (27) regarding tlie boundaries of their respective territories. De La Tour erected a fort on the western side of the harbor of .St. John, on a point opposite Navy Ishuul, sometime during the year 1634, where he carried on an extensive fur- trade with the Indians. The disputes between the rival governors became very bitter. Charnizay appealed to Louis XIII, but La Tour would not sub- mit to his decision, and an order was given ('harnizay to carry De La Tour to France in chains. De La Tour sent to his friends in Kochelle for assistance and they furnished him with an armed ship loaded with munitions and pro- visions. This vessel, the Clement, arrived at 8t. John just in time to save La Tour, as Charnizay with six vessels liad completely blockaded the harbor. De La Tour and his wife escaped to the Clement during tlie night, and sailed for Boston, leaving the fort in tlie care of his men. De La Tour obtained per- mission to liire vessels and men in Boston, and on the 14th of July 1643, he sailed with four vessels and ninety-two soldiers. Charnizay* did not wait to try conclusions with the new comers, but fled for his stronghold at Port Royal (Annapolis, N. S.) hotly pursued by the hostile fleet. Charnizay ran liis vessels ashore and took refuge in an old mill, but was driven out, losing three of his men. Two years later Cliarnizay again attacked Fort La Tour during the absence of La Tour, but the little garrison of flfiy men, inspired by the heroic example of Madame La Tour, served their giuis so well that Charnizay was compelled to withdraw, after the loss of 33 of iiis men, and run his vessel ashore to prevent it from sinking. He returned in the Ibllowing spring, April, 1646, and opened a regular siege. Madame La Tour and her little band kept the besiegers at bay for three days, but a traitorous Swiss sentry allowed the enemy to scale the walls, and she was forced to capitulate. Charnizay violated the terms of his agreement, however, and hung the whole garrison — the Swiss Judaa excepted, who acted as executioner — and treated Madame I-ia Tour with so much indignity — comi)elling her, with a rope around her neck, to witness the execution of her brave followers — that she died three weeks after of a broken iieart, leaving lier young child in the hands of her cruel captor. Charnizay was drowned at Port Koyal four years later ; La Tour regained the favor of the French King, returned to St. John, and laid claim to the whole of Acadia. Charnizay's widow and Iva Borgue, a creditor of Char'iizay, disputed tiie claim. La Tour disposed of one contestant by marrying her, and Cromwell forestalled the other by capturing Fort La Tour and all the other strong posts in the country. Cromwell's forces con- sisted of four ships fully armed, and 500 men enlisted in New England. Cromwell granted the greater part of Acadia to La Tour and two English gentlemen, Temple and Crowne ; La Tour sold out to his partners soon after and retired to private life. Fort La Tour was restored to France by the Treaty of Breda in 1670, and its new owners improved and strengthened it very materially. Temple built a fort at the mouth of the Jemseg, the outlet of Grand Lake, opposite Gagetown, and the French partially dismantleil it, bringing the cannons to St. John. Piratical foraj s and disputes between the French and English over the fisheries were the order of the day, and the only occurrences of note during the next twenty years. War was again declared between France and England in 1690, and a fleet with several hundred men on board was sent from Boston to ravage tlie shores of the Bay of Fundy. St. John received her share of their favors — the French frigate Union being captured in the harbor by two of the English vessels after a sharp engagement. The Union had brought over a • Most writers when referring to Charnizay use his Christian name, D'Auluay, instead of hia surname, while De La Tour is always spoken of as De La Tour. (28) new governor for Acadia — Villebon. The fort at St. John appears to have hecome untenable or it was too nineh exposed to attack, for Villebon removed to Temple's old fort at Jemseg, and siiortly after to Fort Nasliwaak, opposite the present City of Fredericton. In 1696 Massachusetts sent three men of war to blockade the mouth of the >St. John, and cut off Villebon's supplies. They were attacked by two French frigates and one of them captured — the other two escaped during a fog. Being reinforced by a fleet from lioston they returned and captured one of the French vessels, the Prnfnnd, with Governor N'illebon on board. The Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 restored the country to France, and Fort La Tour WJis once more rebuilt aud strengtliened. It was dismantled again in 1701, and rebuilt in 1708. The Treaty of Ftretcht, 1713, which ceded Nova Scotia to England, left its boundaries undefined, and the English and French both claimed the territory about the St. John liiver. The governor of Canada sent a small party of men to occupy the forts along the river. The English drove them away from St. John, but they returned as soon as the English left, and occupied the fort tiil 175o, when it was blown up by the garrison to prevent its capture by the English. In 1755 the memorable ex|)ulsion of the Acadians from Nova Scotia occurred. Many of these unfortunate people fled to New Brunswick and settled along the St. John River. In 1758 the English and Colonists re- captured F'ort La Tour, changed its name to Fort Frederick, mounted several additional catmon on its walls, and settled down to a pernuuient occupancy of the place. Two years later Jas. Simonds, an adventurous New Englander, came here to engage in the fisheries, but owing to the opposition of the Indians aud Acadians he was compelled to leave. He returned in 1764 with a small IMI'ORTKRS AND WhoLESALK DkAI.KKS IN (29) party of fishermen and opened up a large trade in fish, furs, etc. In August, 1768, the troops were withdrawn from the fort, a corporal and four men only being left to guard it. In August, 1776, a n»arauding party from Machiaw, Me., destroyed the fort and captured a brig loaded with live stock for the British troops in Boston. Emboldened by the success of their first raid, the Machias people instituted another, with the intention of holding the post of St. John, but they were driven away with a heavy loss. In conseipience of these raids a block house and stockades were erected on a hill overlooking the harbor and dignified by the name of Fort Howe.* The Indians assembled here in 1780, and took the oath of allegiance — they have proved faithful to their obligations, no difiiculty ever having arisen be- tween the Whites and Indians since then ! Considerable loss and much anxiety was caused by the depredations of privateers during the " Kevolution." For nearly two centuries St. John was the duelling ground of the nations. Frenchmen, ICnglishmen, Colonists, Pirates and Indians quarrelled and fought for its possession, and ])Ossession seems to have been the sole object aimed at by the contending parties. Neither France nor England attempted to form a permanent settlement heref — in this respect the history of St. John is unique. Elsewhere in America wherever a fort was built a colony was i'oundcd, but the natural advantages afforded for the founding of a great city here were entirely overlooked in the rage for concpiest and possession. The oft recurring changes in sovereignty may have deterred its settlement. Fort La Tour itself was sub- ject to periodic fits of melancholy — deserted and shunned by friend and foe alike. At times its walls, bristling with cannon, sheltered the (iovernor of "All Acadia" in their strong embrace; anon it was given over to ruin and decay, and naught was heard save the mournful cry of the sea fowl, or the dreary wash of the waves singing their requiem over the grave of the heroine whose brave deeds and sad fate have been the theme of many a writer. The story of the heroism of Madame La Tour shines out clear and bright in the otherwise dark record of the early history of St. John, and so long as Canada has a history will the name of Madame Ta Tour be remembered. When the Loyalists landed here on the 18th of May, 1788, the sites of the present cities of St. John and Portland were covered with a dense forest — the only clearances being around Fort Howe, r.nd where the Carleton City Hall now stands ; and the only houses a few log huts ! Imagine a thousand of the wealthiest families of New York suddenly transported from their city homes and landed hundreds of miles away, in a dense forest, early in the month of May, without adequate shelter, deprived of all their accustomed luxuries and of many of the necessaries of life, and you may realize something of the hardships which these people underwent. An idea of their character may be gathered from the fact that the first framed building erected in St. John was a place of worship — log shanties were what they lived in ! *Sonie writers state that this fort was huilt by Siraonds in 1764 as a protection for his fish- ing operations. Fort Howe was along way in the woods in 1764, and would be utterly Talui less for the purpose named; the garrison would have been completely shut otf from the harbor, and but little business could have bran done with the Indians if they were hos- tile to the Whites. Simonds was from New England, and would not be very apt to name his fort after General Howe. Fort Howe was occupied by British troops, not by fishermen. If Simonds built a fort, of which there is considerable doubt, he did not build it on the top of Fort Howe Hill. t In 1731 a few French from other parts of Acadia, headed by a priest, Jean Pierre Danillo, formed a settlement ut or near the mouth of the St. John River. This attempt at coloniza- tion was looked upon with disfavor by the English at Port Royal and attempts were made to obtain settlers in Boston for the lands along the river. There were 77 French inhabitants ' here in 1736 but for some unexplained cause they deserti d St. John and removed to St. Ann's Point and founded the present City of Fredericton. (30) m New Brunswick, as the county of Sunburv, formed part of Nova Scotia at this time; John Parr was the governor, and the city was called Parr Town in his honor. Carleton was called Conway.* In 1784 New Erunswick was separated from Nova Scotia, Col. Thos. Carleton being appointed Governor. He appointed a Legislative Cotincil, which met for the first time on November 'J'ind, 1784. The first general election of representatives took place in the Autumn of 1785, and the first Legislative Assembly was held here in January, 178() : the second in February, 1787, at St. John ; and the third at Fredericton in July, 1788. On the 18th of May, 178'"), Parr Town and Convvav were incorporated under coyal charter, as the city of Saint John ; the first Mayor being Gabriel G. Ludlow, who was appointed by the Government. During the war of 1812 several privateers were fitted out in St. John, a number of English men-of-war were kept cruising in the Bay of Fundy, and batteries were erected at prominent points about the city. The people living along the border on each side of the line between the United States and New Brunswick took no part in the contest. A slight shock of earthfpiake was felt in May, 1817 ; and a number of vessels were wrecked in the harbor during a heavy storm, I)ecend)er lilst, 1811). May 18th, 1833, the fiftieth anniversary of the Landing of the Loyalists, a public dinner was given in St. John, when the following toast was given : " The land our ancestors left, and the land we live in; both inhabited from one common parent, and enjoying, though under different governments, the bk^ssings of Freedom. May old animosities be for- gotten, and the present good understanding continued." Cholera broke out in 1834; 47 deaths occurred. The Boundary Disputes in 1839 excited considerable feeling in St. John, and the people prepared for war; fortunately the matter was amicably arranged. Cholera appeared again in 1854. February 8th, 1855, a slight earthquake was felt. On the 1st of January. 18G0, the decimal currency was adopted, very much to the disgust of the " old fogies." The Prince of Wales arrived here on the 3rd of August of the same year, and met with a hearty reception, which cost t!;e city about ,$5,000. The hi.story of St. John since the Boundary Troubles of 1839 is compar- atively tame and uninteresting. The citizens have pursued the even tenor of their way, undisturbed by wars or wars' alarms, free from calamities or losses of any kind, except from fires — plenty of these have occurred (references to which will be found under the heading Fire Department) — and the city, puri- fied and beautified, is in this, the centennial year of its history, the home of a happy, prosperous people. Many startling changes have occurred throughout the globe during the last century, life has assumed many new phases; new ideas regarding law, religion and morality have sprung into being; steam and electricity, those two wonderful adjuncts of the world's progress, have com- pletely revolutionized the world ; railways and telegraph lines have anni- hilated distance, bringing far distant lands and cities together into one common centre of life and thought, enlarging the sphere of man's iufluence and affections, and giving increased means for usefulness and vastly extended powers for evil. St. John is determined that her voice shall be heard, that lier inflnence shall be felt in the councils of the nations; that henceforth she will take her place as one of the erpnt cities of the world, that she will be- come a powerful factor in the development of human thought and enterprise. May her voice always be heard in the cause of humanity, and her influence, always be cast on the side of right. •History of 8t. Jolin.— D. R. Jack. i31) UK im 42 & 44 Prince William Street, SAIN r JOHN, N. B. 'J S\^^^^ mTO\\TO ay on the East (see plan). The peninsula or ridge is about a mile long, half a mile wide in its widest part, and about 80 feet above high water in the center. North of this ridge and overlooking it is a chain of rocky hills called Port- land PIcights, Mount Pleasant, Fort Ilo\\e, etc. This chain runs almost due P^ast and West, and forms a magnificent background for the city. To the east- ward of of the city these are clothed with a dense growth of evergreens ; in the rear their sides and lop are thickly studded with handsome residences; while further west, along their base and sides, the stores and dwellings of Portland are seen. A deep valley runs between the city and these heights, and through it the dividing lini' hetween St. John and tl.'e new born City of Portlaii;!.* This valley is thickly settled, and contains several factories, machine shops, etc. ; also the tracks and station of the Intercolonial liailway. Courtenay Hay and the Marsh Cn^ek are on the east side of the city. The pretty little suhurb of CrouchvUk is on the opposite side of the Bay. The West Side, or Carletonf as it is usually called, is separated from the city proper by the River and Harbor of St. John. The principal portion is built on the side of a hill facing the harlntr, and contains several pretty churches, residences, sawmills, factt)ries, C'ily Hall, Masonic Hall, Schools, etc; and with its streets slo{)ing down towards the water presents a very attractive ap- pearance. On the top of the highest hill is a venerable and picturesque stone tower,J which gives an anti<(ue and feudal air to the landscape, and which has always been an object of curiosity for strangers. The high lands in the north- ern part of the town are called Lancaster Heights. There are several handsome residences here. (Jarleton is connected with the East Side by a steam ferry. The Harbor of St. .Tolin is one of the finest in the world, being safe, easy of access, frost-proof— ice never forms in it — and aftords great facilities on account of the great rise and fall of the tides (20 to 26 feet) for the repairing of vessels, and the building of dry docks. St. John is sadly deficient in this latter respect however, but not more so than its sister cities — there is not a single dry dock in the whole of Canada large enough to hold a 500 ton vessel! This deficiency in St. John harbor acconmiodations will probably be remedied in the near future, as estimates and plans for an extensive dock are all prepared. It will be located in Carleton, adjoining the Ferry Slip. There are a dozen places about the city which oHer unrivalled advantages for a dry dock. The Wharves are built of cribs of squared hemlock timber, filled with broken stone, earth, etc., and line both sides of the harbor. Tlie total wharf- age being about four miles and a quarter. Partridge Island, at the mouth of the harbor, is its guide and guard. It is circular in shape, rising with })recipitous rocky banks to a height of seventy or eighty feet above low water, and contains about one hundred acres of land. * See Environs of Saint .Tohn. tCarleton was called Conway when first pcltlcd, but was given its prrsent name in honor of the first governor of thi' Province, Colonel, afterwards ( Jeneral Thomas Carleton. I Built during the " war of 1S12." (34) "^ In 1788, five years after the city was founded, the Provincial Legishituro passed an act for the support of a light house on this island. The light, a fixed white one, is KJti feet above the sea and is visible 15 miles in clear weather. A fog-horn or steam-whistle — thejirst of (he kind ever vned, and the invention of a Scotchman, Robert Fonlis, a resident of the city — is locate] miles off short,-, is a very pretty spot for pic-nics, etc., and is destined to become a favorite resort. Navy Island (see plan), a low, flat island, the home of several fisherman, is at the upper end of the harbor on the Carleton side, and directly opposite the site of old Fort La Tour — so intimately connected with all the romance of St. John's early history. IVie views of St. John from the Heights of Portland or from those of Carleton are simply magnificent. The city with its broad streets, its massive buildings and numerous church spires ; the harbor filled with shipping ; Courtenay Bay, with Crouchville and the hilly country beyond on the east and south- east ; Partridge Island at the entrance of the harbor ; Negrotown Point and Breakwater on the right ; the Bay of Fundy stretching away to the horizon to the south and westward, dotted here and there with vessels of various kinds and sizes, and Nova Scotia blue and indistinct in the distance, combine to form a picture of great beauty. But the best view of all is from the deck of a steamer entering the harbor. No man who sees St. John for the first time from the deck of an incoming vessel on a clear summer's eve could ever become dissatisfied with the city even if he spent a month in one of the worst boarding houses in it. * These are extreme low water measureuients. (35) V\\^JWWN Agf 94 J .:^il;;niiiR MASONIC TEMPLP:, GERMAIX STREET. TOPOGRAPHY. St. John is well and regularly laid out, the streets are wide and airy, and cross each other at right angles throughout the greater portion of the city. It will be seen, on referring to the plan, that Union Street is the dividing line between the regularly and irregulary laid out portions. This is owing in a great measure to the fact that Union Street was the northern boundary of the city as originally surveyed (1783). That portion south of Sheffield Street was reserved for military purposes, and that north of Union Street was granted to Messrs. Hazen, Gilbert and Simonds. As the population increased, new streets were opened north of Union Street, and run to suit the contour of the hills, etc. The Streets — Many years labor and vast sums of money have been expended in bringing the streets of St. John to their present state of perfection. Many of them have been cut down from thirty to forty feet through the solid rock, and some of them will have to go still lower. Hills have been levelled and «i*^ (36) ■•^ ARTHDR EVERITT, Wholesale Importer and Jobber in i Larg:e Stocks in all Departincnts always on liaiul. NEW GOODS CONSTANTLY BEING IlECElVED. Agent I'OH Tilt: Celebrated Oxford Homegpung» LOWEST QUOTATIONS AND LIBERAL TERMS. Wholesale Dry Goods Warehouse: Masonic Building, 94 & 96 6£RMAIN STREET, SAINT JOHN, N. B. JL. E "V E lEg/ 1 T"3?. HUTGIGS & GO. MANUFACTURERS OF MATTRESSES, In All Varieties; Comfortables, Pillows, &c. Ipiig SKVEN STYLES. Also, Always in Stock, "Dominion" and Woven Wire Mattresses. J IMI'ORTKKS OF Brass and Iron Bednteads, Adjustable Chairs, Stretchers, Cribs, Etc., Ktc. Children's Carriages and Sleighs, Kattau Chairs, Bassinets, Baskets. 101 to 107 Germain Street, Opp. Masonic Temple, ST. JOHisr, isr. b. (37) f lioUowH filled up all over the citv. Fifteen years ago there was scareely a Hidewalk in the city worthy of iUc name, as the pateheH of brick, Htone, or ])laiik, which answered to the name, were ho j>()orly and unevenly laid that they were almost worse than none. Gravel ami sand covered most of the footpaths. All this is changed ; every thoroughfare, and many of the side streets, has its double walk of asphalt or plank. There are but very few plank sidewalks however, not more than seventy or eighty feet of brick, and not one foot of stone j)avement in the city. The total length of streets is 48 miles, and of sidewalks about 00 miles — asphalt, plank, etc.; gravel walks are not included. The principal Streets are Prince William, King, Water, Dock Canterbury, Germain and Charlotte. These, with the Market S(juare, Nortli and South Market Wharves, King Square and Union Street (from Charlotte to Sydney) constitute nine-tenths of the business portion of the city. Prince WiUiam Stred (see views) runs north from Heed's Point, — the point of arrival and departure of the steamers for Nova Scotia, the United States, and Europe, — to Market Square, at the foot of King Street. The Custom House, Post Office, JJanks, City Building, Ticket, JusurMUce, and Law Offices, and a number of stores are located on this street. All of the stores are between Princess and King Streets. Books, groceries, stoves, hardware, rubber and fancy goods are the articles handled here. This is the onlv j)aved street in the city — the "Nicholson" (wooden blocks set on end), being laid froui Duke Street to the head of the Market S(puire. Water Street runs j)arallel with ]*rince William, starting and ending at the same ])oints — Keed's Point and Market Square. The Cnrleton Ferry Buihliiuj is on Water Street at the foot of Princei^s Street. The ticket and some of the general offices of the New Bruns- wick Railway are in the Ferry Building. A little farther north and on the opposite side of the street is a local office for the Grand Southern Railway. Pass- engers for either road take the ferry. Market Square, at the northern ends of, ai 1 between Prince Wm. and Water Streets, is the rendezvous for tlie unemploy- ed cartmen and laborers of the city. Some of the finest stores of the city are on the east and north sides of the Scpiare (see view). At the western side, at the corner of the South Market Wharf, is the spot — remarkable in the history of the city — where the Loyalists first landed in 1783. No monument marks the spot 1 The Market Slip, on the west side of the sipiare, is one of the curiosities of St. John, and well worth a visit. It is usually crowded with small coasters and fishing craft from all })orts along the Bay of Fundy and up the St. John. At high tide the water is within two or three feet of the top of the wharves ; at low tide the slip is completely dry, and carts can be loaded with wood, hay, etc., direct from the vessels in the centre of the slip. North and South Market Wharves, as the wharves on each side of the slip are called, and the streets running from them, are the centre of the flour, fish, fruit, produce, ship chandlery, and commission business. When business is dull here, a hum need not be looked for anywhere else in the city. Dock Street, the principal thoroughfare between the Cli-y and Portland, enters Market Square at the head ^.f North Wharf. Conclusive evidence of the difficulties experienced in the construction of the streets may be found here. Some of the buildings on the West side of the street have three flats between the street line of Dock and that of Nelson Street in the rear — in other words, they are built on the face of a precipice. The rocks in rear of the buildings on the East side are higher than the buildings, the face of the hill having been cut away to admit them. The street was widened eleven feet after the fire of 1877 at an expense of over $40,000. Passage around this (38) ^m. point was dnngerous and dittioilt when the city was firnt built — the water coming up to tiic base of the clitl', and jteople hud to cling to the roots of tho trees to avoid rolling down upon the beaeh.* Water Street had no exiHteneo ill those days and in many places the water line was alotig the western side of Prince William Street. Clothing, crockery, iron, confectionery, saws, groceries, and machinery are the [>rincipal articles sold here. Kiny Street, tlio finest in the city, and the favorite j)romenade, runs East from Market Sijuare to Conrtenay Bay. It is very wide, with an eiisy incline, and lined on Ixith sides with very handsome buildings. (See views.) The sidewalks, although twelve feet wide, are almost impassable at times, owing to the crowds of shoppers and promenaders. Window dressing is one of the line arts, and ♦IliHtory of Sniiit .Tolin.— 1"). U. .Iack. KING SQUARE. A. M. PHILIPS, Proprietor. Pine large Sample Rooms in connection. ESTABLISHED 1826. T. A. RANKINE A. RANKINE. T. RANKINE 8z: SONS, MANUFACTURERS OF Pilot and Navy Bread. 1I3 ri' ' ■' >:>'■ MILL STREET, ST. JOHN, N. B. (39) thoroughly understood by the merchants of 8t, John. King Street is a pano- rama oif liandsome pictures. Everytliing reipiired for liome comfort, personal use, or adornment, may he obtained liere. A7/i// S(jii(ire, (see view), at the head of King Street* — /. e. at the top of ihe hill — and between Charlotte and Sydney streets, (see plan of city), is a handsome {)l()t of land, containing about three acres and covered with large shade trees, most of which were planted at the time of the visit of tlic Prince of Wales in 1860. In tiie centre of the Square, towards which all the walks converge, is a fountain surrounded by an iron railing. The Court House is opposite the East side of tlie S()IS, ETC. The lire of the 20(11 June, 1S77, was tlie tiirnin wings the same height as the main building, an 1 the building is so constructed that two more may be added at pleasure. It will ac'commodate about sixty patients as now arranged, but double that number might i>e easily cared for. The building will cost about !!<30,OU(». The Gas Workx are als!) on S'. J.iiiiN S.rcjt, o.i the comer of Carmarthen. The Company was organized in 1841, and gas was supplied to some portions of the city on the 18th September, 18-1'). There are about sixty miles of pipes of different sizes in the city. (There are 30;) street l.im[)s in St. John— East side ; Carleton has none.) The Protoitant Orphan A.-^ylmii resulted from the cholera. In 1854, Asiatic cholera broke out here and continued till end of August, the deaths averaging thirty-four per day for the whole time. About one hundred and twenty chil- dren were left orplians and destitute by the terrible scourge, one-third of whom were Protestant. These were taken care of at different places and at different prices until 1861, when the In-n a level with the second floor, and is reached by a passage way 15 feet wide. The main Lodge Room is on the third floor. It is 64 feet long, 38 feet wide, and .'U) feet high. The (Jrand Lodge meets here on the Fourth Friday in April of each year. (For other meetings see Societies.) Odd Fellows^ Hall, on Union Street, at the head of Chii)man's Hill — the continuation of Prince William Street, is a handsome brick structure four stories high, with a mansaid roof. (See view.) It was built in 1878, the corner stone being laid on the 20th June of that year. The style of archi- tecture is a near approach to the Italian renaissance. The building is con- structed of Philadelphia })ressed brick, with trimmings of freestone. It lias a frontage of 45 feet on I'nion Street, running back 84 feet along the line of Prince William Street, There are two large halls on the third fioor, each 42 by 25 feet, and two on the fourth floor. These tw^o flats are set apart for the use of the Order ; the two lower floors being occupied by stores, ofliices, etc. The cost of the building and grounds was $30,000. The interior finish and furnishings are very handsome. (For niglits of meetings see Societies.) Y, M. C. A. Jhiilding, (see view) between King Square and Union Street, is a fine three-story brick building with a granite front and basement, erected in 1872 at a cost of $40,000, including the price of the lot. It contains parlors, reading rooms, class-rooms, librai;Vj^gymnasium, bath-rooms, and a large liall with a seating capacity of about eoO. The library and reading-room is open daily, Sundays excepted, from 8 A. m. till 10 P. M. Strangers taken in. The (44) Association was organized Nov. 'iOlli, 18G7, jiikI is coiiijjoscd ol' a largo iiiini- ber of/t<;e men. ____ Chnrches. — As stated in another ^^^^--i=-^--i£-j^-^^-^==^.'r---:s=^ ])art of tins work the first frame building erected in St. Jolni was a house of worship. And the citizens of the j)resent day, in imitation of their ancestors, dedicate their iinest and most costly buildings to the ser- vice of God. 8t. John is a city of cinirciies ; they are to be i'oinid in every direction, and in all styles, from tlie plain, unpretending cha|>el to the grand cathedral. It would be impossible in a book of this size to give a sketch of all the churches in the city, only a few of tlm more prominent ones will be mentioned. Trinity Church, owing to its his- torical associations, will be accorded the first place. The corner-stone of the original church was laid on the 20th August, 1788, and the first ser- mon was preached in the church on Christmas Day, 1791, Stoves were not introduced into the church until 1803. Tvvelve years without fires I A clock was placea?'(V/'.s Chitrch, (Presbyterian,) situated on Sydney Street, between Prin- cess and Duke, is a substantial brick edifice, and one of the first churches erected after the lire of 1877. It is 100 feet by (50 and cost !?40,000. The stained glass windows in this church are said to be equal to those of many of the famous European Churches. The subject of the design in the window facing Sydney Street is Christ blessing little children, and those in the chan- cel represent Faith, Hope and Charity. They are all memorial windows presented by members of the congregation. There is a very fine organ in the church and the first of the kind built in the city. When the Baptists built their first church is uncertain ; they have several vei'y fine, handsome ones in the city now. The Roman Catholic Cathedral on Waterloo Street, ojijjosite Kichniond, is the largest church in the Province. It is built of marble and sandstone, is 200 feet long, and 110 feet wide at the transepts, and cost |1 00,000. There is a marble bas-relief of the Last Supper over the eastern portal which is worthy of insjiection. The Nunnery, a plain brick building, is on the East side and the Bishop's Palace, a fine stone structure, is on the West side of the Cathedral. The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum is on Clifl" Street, adjoining the Bishop's Palace. It is a plain but very neat brick building, with accommodations for about 100 children. Following is the number of Churches l)elonging to the different denomina- tions in St. John, Carleton, Portland and Fairville: Baptii^t, St. John 8 and 3 Mission Houses; Carleton 1 ; Portland 1 ; Fairville 1; Total 9. Christian Bap- tist, St John 2. Free Baptist, St. John 1 ; Carleton 1 ; Portland 1 ; total 3. Congre- gational, St. John, 1. Episcopal, St. John 4; Carleton 2; Portland 8; Fairville 1 ; total 10. Ref. Episcopal, Portland 1. Methodist, St. John 4; Carleton 1 ; Port- land 1 ; Fairville 1 ; total 7. Epis. Methodist ((Colored), St. John 1. Presbyterian, St. John, 5; Carleton 1; total <>. Ref. l*reshyterian,i^t. John ]. Plymouth Brethren, St. John 1 . Rom. Catholic, St. John 1 ; Carleton 1 ; Portland 1 ; Fairville 1 ; total 4. (40) ' r'" TRINITY CHURCH, SAINT JOHN. (47) THE ENVIHOXS OF ST. JOHN. I*(>rtlilllPi's followed, as taxes and the cost of liv- iiiff were very nnich lower there than in the city. The steamers and vessels enj,'aged-in tlie naviyatioii of tin- St. John Kiver have always made Indiantown — the western end of Portland — the terminal point of their trips, drawing- j)Oople and husiness thither. The building of the Suspension I>ridge and the opening of the road to it has also tended to liuild up the ])lace. It wa.s thought, and greatly desired for nuuiy years, that I'orlland would incorporate with St. .John, hut for some cause the jtroject was ahandoued, and it was incor- porated as a city in April. \XX'A. It is divided into five wards, and governed l)y a mayor and lo aldermen, 'A to each ward, with all the ofJicers, parapher- nalia and expenses of a city. I'opulatiou in ]S.")1, ,S,4L*t) ; in 1S71, 12,520 ; in 18H1, 13,.)7(). Although under separate miuiicipalilies, the interests and aims of the two cities are so interwoven that they are itractically one city, and we seldom hear one say, " I am of I'orlland," or " 1 am of St. .John." rrobably not one jjcrson in a thousand knows the whole of the boundary line betwen tlie two places. ^l/((('// Stri'ct, the leadijig thoroughfare and business street of Portland, runs from Mill Street, a prolongatitm of Dock Street,— west, along the base of Fort Howe Hill, to Indiantown, a distance of about U miles, is lined with small ]>Ox^ii]\iON iyirjf: mattress. PATENTED in T/nited States, Canada, and Great Britain. Only Mattress using Oil Tempered Steel Spring-s ri>anufactured in the Dominion. 70 springs in double Mattress, testea 60 lbs. each. In case of any Mattress failing with ordinary usage, the part failing will be renewed without expense to the owner. Bedwoods steam dried and will not warp. Swing in the centre ; keeps the person straight ; yielding to the iovm. Try one, if you want a durable, comfortable, and cleanly Mattress. Most extensively introduced into Public Institutions of any Mattress in the Dominion. mAnufacturkd nv And for sale at all prominent Bedding and Furniture Stores. jI^" Circulars rREE."^SSl (48) retail shops of variotis kinrls. TIkti' is n;i orcasional brick Imildiii^ to be soon, but wood prodotiiiiiatos — boiisos, walks arxl loncos boiny; coiistriictod of this combustible material. Portland, like St. .I(din, lias had many a scorching, but linnbor is convenient and cbeaji, tlicro boinif >^evoral Mills in tlie ))lace, and a block oi' buildings is no sooner dostrovi'd than another is thrown to- gether in its place. Portland has a i;oo {•■**'*■***•*■ Mf]WR^mN>^Nd5\?"^^ the price OF WOO^ JLMBd^ ~^°^°1-UTELY WITHOUT A " ry .I..iin i >iS( 1,0(1 ciilik's, III i It's ( acrosH M liciiv (III llOl' fully it k:< ill li if 1 The River St. John is Jiisdy ccK"!)]':!!!.'!! for its scciu'iy. It is a iiohk' rlvtr. Kisinu; in the noi'tiu'in part of tlic State of Maine, it Hows northward ami eastward cnrvin^ around the northernniost peaks of the Allej;hanics in ii grand sweep of seventy-live miles ; thence it takes a southward course, widening as it goes, until it finds its way to the sea through a rocky gateway whose walls tower grandly aixtve the el)l>ing and Mowing tide. It reaches from the present away hack into the jiast. To ascend it from it- mouth tr) !ts source is to travel backward over two centiir.es of ('anadian liistory. At the sea shore where its watt'iN miiigh' with the ocean are ships laden in marts far distant, and on every hand the evidences of a relined civilization. Two hundred miles up the river we see the new farm and rouyh cottages of the pioneer Knglish settler; a few miles further we enter a remnant of 'Ancient Acadia," with many of the manners and custonjs of the ted navigable length of nearly 8(10 miles, and drains over 15,000,000 acres in its course to the sea. The immense accumulation of waters is emptied into the harbor through a gorge in some places not more than 4")0 feet wide! Whirling, twisting, white with foam, headlong with im- resisted sweep, the waters seek the ocean wide. The fall is about 15 feet into the sea at low water, but at high tide the fall is as great the other way, and the river runn up .stream with as great force and rapidity as it ran out before. There is but one other phice in the world where a like phenomenon occurs ! Steamers, sailing vessels, and snudl lioats pass through the falls in smooth water, at certain times of the tide. A tri[> through the falls is fraught with peculiar sensations of pleasure, not nnnuxed with awe. When the St. John Kiver was discovered is a matter of considerable uneer- tainity. One of the earliest historical notices of it dates from 1529, when it is called Riviere de la (Jrand Bale, or la liaie Francaise, as the Bay of Fnndy was then called. To DeMonts is due the honor of being the first white man who explored it. (50) The Sunpenu'dn liridf/c wliicli spans tlu' rocky K^r^c at \\\v iiutnth (»f tho St, .Idlin irt a lian(ls(»me strncturc {hvc views). It was laiilt in 1H52, nt a cost of Ssii,()()0; lijis a spiin (»f ('>4(Mi'('t ; is 7<> tVu't above lii^Ii water; is Iiiihk on 10 cil'li's, siippotlcd l)v 4 towers ot" solid masoiirv oIJ teet lii|;li, and contains 570 miles of wire. Shortly aCfi'r the liridj^c was corn nienccd a fool hardy youth walked across on one of the chains,* A sectioji of the road-lied droppeil out during a heavy >;ah', a few years after the hridtrc was hnilt, A (ountryinan erttssed oil horsehaek shortly hefore the accident occurred. The liridjj;e swayed foar- t'lilly in the ii:\\i\ hut |)nttin^' spurs to his horse he dashed across at fidl speed, sciiiu'titnes at one side of the hridye, sometimes at the other. Toll was I ) 1 III I I 'ii rr. .SCESK ON SQUA-TOOK. cdllected from jtersons crossing the V)ridge until 187(i, when the Provincial (Jovernment uonght the bridge from the Company owning it, and threw it open to the ptihlic. There is an extensive deposit of grajihite, bettor known as plumbago or black lead, a couple of hundred yards above the eastern end of the bridge. The vein crojis out again on the east shore of Lily Lake, and also at difterent points through the woods beyond the Lake. Native iron has also been fonnd near the bridge, but in small ipnintities. Fairville, a thriving village of about 1,800 inhabitants, is a short distance a})ove the bridge on the western side of the river. Several lumber mills are * History St. John— D. R. Jack. (51) viHil)lt' on each sido of tlio rivtT both iil)()VO and holow tUv bridjfc. The Mahoffani/* Hixnl, which runs from tho hriilgi' throu^jh l''airvillo, and south- westerly to Spruce Luke (sec lishinj^) and |)oints beyond, is a favorite and ■very pleasant drive, aflbrdinj^ some very line views of the 15ay of Fnndy and its numerous cov(?s and iidets. This is the ohl post road to St. (Jeorge, St. Andrews, etc. Tlie Fredericton post road branches off to the nortli a mile west of FairviMe. These roads were tlie onlv outlets from St. John to tlic western and northwestern portions of the I'rovniee previous to the buildinj; of the railways, and cost the (Joverumcnt immense sums for construction and re|)airs. ( 'ommnnicalion was had with the ( 'ity via Carlcton.f The road from the .XsyliMU to the Carleton Ferry affords some maifnilicent views of the City, and the Hay of l^'imdy. There are exctdlent Itathing facilities along the ]';iy Shore, west of Xegrotown Point, in Carleton. The Masonic. JIall, City Jlall, Public School, and the ditlerent chnn^hes are all objects of greater or les'< interest. Fish and lumber are the principal articles handled here, — abonl four-fifths of the male population iicing employed in the mills and tlii' fisheries. J T/tr LiiiKttic Asi/liiiii occupies a height of land near the Western end of the bridge, and is a prominent object in the landscape. It is a liandsoiue brick structure with three wings. The main building is IJOO feet long, tlie end wings loO feet each, and the centre wing 120 feet, the whole being in the form of the letter K. It was built in 1H4S by the Provincial Government, and will accommodate about oOO patients, Lih/ Lake, about a mile-and-a-half from King Square, and in tiie rear of IV[oiint Pleasant, is a beautiful circular sheet of water, surrounded by high, rocky banks, and a favorite resort, summer and winter, for the citizens of St. John and Portland. There are several boats on the lake for hire; and plenty of large trout in the lake, but the difficulty is to get them out. The first skate of the season is usually had on the lake, and early in the winter it presents an animated scene. The water is very pure, and the lake was the source of tlie city's water supply for several years. The ice cut from the lake is the best in the market. The lake is reached from the King Square via Charlotte and ("oburg Streets, Jeffries Hill, crossing the bridge over the IntereoloTiial, at the eastern end of the old station, and turning to the right at Zion's Church (the second right hand road after crossing the bridge), thence up and along Mount Pleasant — where magnificent views of the city, harbor, and sur- rounding country may be obtained, and where some very handsome villas may be seen. Howe's Like and the Highland Park may be reached via the left hand or centre road from Zion's Chiirch, turning to the right at the top of the hill and following the windings of the road for three miles. Howe's Lake is on tlie left of the road and the Park on the right of the road. The Park, when com- pleted as projected, will be one of the most delightful spots in Canada; forest covered hills, bare rocky knolls, picturesque ponds, and broad, smooth drives and walks are some of the attractions. " The Fire " is responsible for the unfinished state of this Park. Some delightful views may be had en route hither, and also along the road beyond to tlie Kennebeccasis River, about two miles ifarther — straight road. * >rahogaiiy, from the Indian word Manawagonlsh. fRow boats and scows were employed on the ferrjr between the East and West sides of the harbor until 1841. A steamer was put on the route in that year. I The fisheries of St. John harbor are very valuable, yielding an annual rental of over $6,000; over 70 per cent, of which is derived from the West side. — n,' ! rear of by high, ns of St. d plenty rst skiUe [)resents oiiree of is tlie arlotte colonial, Zion's up and nd snr- as may Kind or lill and on the len com- ; forest I drives for the n route )out two desof the il of over Tlir Mttrnh Road is ii favorite drive for the eitizens generally, and the (»wn- (.:n iif fast horses partieularly. It is broad, firm and level, and well adapted lur racing. ihc Rural Cemcteiij, about a mile from the Marsh ]5ridge, is an enehanting spot ; nature and art have luiited to render the place of great beauty. New vitws are opened to the eye at eacli turn of the winding drives and walks, llinidsome and expensive moiuunents and vaults are scattered about among llif high rocky knolls, and flowers in great profusion are placed about the wiilks and on the graves. There are about twelve acres within the enclosurt', and many hours may be spent in wandering about in it, always seeing some- thing new and beautiful, and then not set' the half of it. It is oj)en to the l»iililic daily, except Simdays, when only the owners of lots and their families arc admitted. .][t)Oi!///(« Home, a large four storey brick building with two ells, is seen on the right, and idircctly opposite are the buildings fornierly used as a I'enitentiary. Some very line Marine views nuiy be had along this road, the views of the city are |espe(.'ially so. Mii^peek I'oint, nine miles out, is a |)ictnres(|ue sj)ot. Immense piles of liiij,a' conglomerate rocks tower above the roadway; while far down on the iglit the waves dash against the unyielding rocks only to fall back in long lint's of fleecy foam. Mispeck village, a snuiU hamlet a mile beyond the [)oint, [irescnts peculiar attractions for Artists. (See Mispeck.) The Mlinicipalitv. St. John is divided into nine wards, six on the East and ;lirec on the West side of the Llarbor, and governed by a Mayor, elected by lie city biennially, and an alderman and a councillor from each ward, elected |innually by their respective wards. There were seventeen mayors appointed iiy the (jrovernment from 1785 till I80O. The Council elected the three who •irvcd from 1851 to 1854; and the ten who have filled the 'iHice since 1854 Here elected by the citizens. The other officers are the Kecorder, the Com- iion Clerk, Deputy Common Clerk, Chand)erlain, Engineer, Sujterintendent [Vater and Sewerage, Superintendent of Ferries, Superintendent of Streets, isessors, Harbor Master, Harbor Inspector, Commissioners of AVater and worage. Chief Engineer Fire Department, Police Magistrate, Police Clerk, i^li C(mstable, etc. Matter Supply and Sewerage. Previous to 1838 water obtained from wells in lifiorent parts of the town was sold about the streets at a penny a pailful. In ^38 Lily Lake became the source of suj)ply ; the water being carried through wooden trough from the outlet of the Lake to a pumping station, whence it as forced through pipes to a reservoir on Leinster Street, in the rear of the rentenary Church. Pipes A^ere laid from the reservoir to different parts of (53) ieef. Wme THE BIEST i4'yU| TOMC APPETIZER m BLOOD MAKER. PRKPAKKI) ONl-Y MV CARLETON, ST. JOHN, N. B. The Genuine bears the TRADE MARK on every Bottle. the fity. The supply proviiii^ ii);Kk'(|U!itL' and intermittent, Lihy I/ike \v;i> abandoned, antl a tnll and copious supply (il)tained IVom Little liiver, at a I point live miles IVoni the (Joiirt House. The first water supplied from Lily Lake was in October, LS;i8,the first from Little Hiver on Sept. 10, Ihl to the city throuj>h one 12-inch and two 'li-\ inch cast-iro'i j)i))es. The combined leu;^th of the inaius is (i'.),.'{2o feet, ami their total capacity .SoO.OOO ^^allons per hour, or 10,000,000 <>allons daily.l The water is (listrii)Uted thron^ih 2711, IDS feet of pipe of various sizes. Tlieivl are 41) free hydrants' ibr the use of the poor, 27(1 (ire pluus, liJIJo service pipi-; for ho'ise supply. Total length of pipes of all kinds, bti miles. Total cost tn Dee. 31st, ISSl, S!l'.)S,O00. I'actories, mills and workshops su|)plied witlii water in the city, oOl. I'ortland, S.") ; t »tal, 3S<,).'^" There are few cities moivl favorably circumstanced than St. .lolin in the item of water supply. In amplitude, in elevation, in ]»ro.\imity, in freedom from engineerin*; difliculticsl in purity, in flavor, in color, and softness, the waters at its command arj almost unrivalled. Seweraffc. The elevated character of the site of Saint .lolin ensures perfVdl drainage. The rocky formation entails heavy expense in the cutting otj drains and sewers, however. Almost every stieet has a sewer throughout its[ entire length, with branch drains from each house. The sewerage system is) being constantly extended, and a strajiger arriving in Saint .John at certain times would imagine he had struck i western mining town. Fire Jk'jHirtmoil and Ftrcx. There is not, probably, another city in Amc rica| which ihas been visited so fretpiently by extensive c(>nHagrations as Sainli *C'iirl<'tou is siipplioil witli v. liter IVoiii Spiuec Lulce, 9e\\ a miles out on Mahogany I{iiiiJ.j (54) -f-sr" m, \y) tie. 1/ike \v:i- {ivvr, :it a tVoin I-ilv iS51. ThV lloiinl (ii ipplied to 111 two -ll- .") i'oc't, ami ons (lailv, L>s. Tliei'i' v'uv ])\\K-< )t:il cost til )lio(l wltli itioS IIKHT »l>ly. In itlifult'u's iinanil lUt ■es porlV'd I'uttinn' ttf )u,u;liout \\^ system i> at ctM-tiiin M Aniffic: IS as Saint logany H'H"! g. y^-'fflill ii;.,i.i:||. Will (55) Jolin has been. The firnt year after it was founded the whole peninsula, and the country north to the Kennebeeeasis, was burned over; many of the newly ' arrived settlers lost everything they possessed, and if tlieir needs had not been supplied by the British (Jrovernment the whole of the colonists must have perished. In 1823 a fire involving the destruction of over 40 houses and stores, and the loss of £40,000 sterling, broke out on Disbrow's Wharf, and swept both sides of Prince William Street. In the following year as many more stores, etc., were burned; Janijary 14th, 1837, 115 houses, and nearly ! the whole business portion of the city, were consumed — loss !p 1,000,000. ' August 17th, 1839, 125 stores and dwellings, with their contents, were des- troyed ; 3,000 people were rendered homeless, and ^1,200,000 worth of property destroyed. March 24th, 1841, there was another large fire in Saint I John, and on August 6th of the same year, 00 houses and a 900 ton ship were 1 destroyed. November 5th, 1841, 35 stores and dwellings, and the new brick I Market House, were burned; July 29th, 1845, 40 dwellings and stores were ' burned ; February 28th, 1849, 40 houses, stores, etc., were burned, on King Street, and a month later 100 houses were destroyed at York Point. All of the fires referred to above were in the business jiortion of the city, and were confined, for the most jiart, to tiie section South of rui(jn Street and West of Germain Street. Prince William Stteet, Water Street, and the wharves, were the oftenest burned over. Several huge fires have occurred in various parts of St. John and J^ortland since 1849, involving the loss of miilious of dollars worth of property, but the crowning calamity came on the 20th June, 1877. The sun, which rose bright and clear over a happy and prosperous city, sank to rest amid the roar and whirl of a sea of fire. Midnight found the fell destroyer still at work. Morning dawned again, clear and bright, and the sun smiled down u{)on a ruined city. Yester-Jnorn he vaiidy strove to reach beyond the sheltering walls of brick and stone, and closely veiled windows; to-<]ay the shivering wretches by sea and shore gladly welcomed his warm embrace, while the broken fragments of their household gods lay unheeded on the ground. Strong men wept as they beheld the scene of desolation. The house of God and the den of infamy, the mansion of the rich and the habitation of the poor had passed away, leaving naught but dust and ashes and suuiuldering ruins. Pauper and priest, merchant prince and horny handed mechanic stood to-day on an e([ual footing — houieless, destitute, beg- gared ; dependent on charity for shelter, for clothing, for food. And charity — charity which makes the whole world kin — stepped in with full heart, and full hands, and relieved the wants of the suftering multitude. Two hundred acres were swejjt over ; over 1000 houses were burned ; 13,000 l)eople rendered homeless; 2700 families turned into the streets; $30,000,000 worth of proi>erty destroyed ; and all in about eleven hours — or from half past two in the afternoon, till two next morning. The firemen of St. John had had many a conflict with the "fire fiend" be- fore this, l)ut all that had gone l)el'ore was but as child's play compared with the terrible ordeal whit'h they passed through on this memorable day. All their efibrts were unavailing. The tire went where it listed, and burned itself out. The Fire Departnieni consists of Chief Engineer, 3 District Engineers and 41 Callmen ; 3 Enginemen, 3 Assistant En;;iuemen and 5 Drivers. District Engineers and Calbuen peiform duty when alarms occur. There are 3 Engine Houses, 4 Steamers, () Hose Carts, 1 Hook and Ladder Carriage, and 11 horses belonging to the department. 'The Salvage Corps — an important addition to the department — was or- ganized in 1882, and has been of great assistance in tlie saving of goods, d'^ bc- ith the U their elf out. rs and district Engine horses preventing theft, etc. It consists of 4(1 nienil)ers, and is supplied with all necessary tools, etc. 7V/e Fire Alarm Tdefjraph was introduced in 18()7. There are 38 Fire Alarm hoxes, and between 10 and 12 ndles of wire oorniected with this branch of the service. The total ajinnal cost of the tire department is between 817,000 and «;20,000. The Polio' Force attains its majority this year, having been organized in 1SG2. It consists of a Chief, 6 Sergeants, 16 Patrolmen, and 1 Detective on the East side; and one Police Constable in Carleton — one poli(!eman to each 1,200 inhabitants. The Police Court is presided over bv a Police Magis- trate and Clerk. Total cost of service, 1882, $30,000. Schools. To Public Schools are conducted under the control of the Pro- vince, and supply a imiform course of study for all pupils between the ages of .") and 20. The best parts of the best systems of education in vogue in the Old iind New World are incorporated into that of New Brunswick. Monies are ' <,M-anted by the Government of the Province, and every nnniicipality contri- butes a certain amount yearly from the general assessment for the support of tlie Public Schools, which are free to all; rich or poor, black or white, — all have equal advantages. A Board of Trustees, consisting of six members, (two ai)pointed by the (iovernment, and four by the City) with a Secretary and Superintendent, have charge of the schools of St. John. The following statistics have been compiled from the Keport of the Secre- tary and Superintendent, John March, Esq., and show the state of the schools during the last school year : — School Buildings owned by Trustees, 2; rented, lO. Cost of buildings owned, furniture and apparatus, .|194,083.41 ; rentals of buildings, $3,880.00. Number of Departments taught: Grammar and High, o; Advanced, 23; Advanced and Primary, 8; Primary, 4') — Total, 81. Nuiid)er of pupils in attendance, 4171; average attendance per day of school year of 2'Ao days, 2722. Cost of schools per year, from |4S,000"to $")0,000; Tea(;hers' salaries, altout $27,000; cost of (Grammar School per year, $3,000. From Chief Superintendent's Report for 1882, the following [)artieulars liave been collected: — Number of Schools in Province, 1,")08 ; number of Teachers, 1,020; cost to the Province, $131,764.53 ; number of Pupils, (H,2()7 ; average attendance, 33..")47 ; number in attendance in proportion to jjopula- tion, 1 in 6'38. Newspapers. The first number of The Royal (iazette and New Brunswick Adnf^-tiser, the pioneer journal of the Province, was issued October 11th, 1785. It was published weekly at St. John, by Christopher Sower, King's Printer. The New Brunswick Courier, weekly, was established April, 1811, by Henry Chubb, the seventeenth Mayor of Jie city, and the last one appointed by the (rovernment. The first penny paper published in the British Empire, The St. John News, was wsned at St. John in 1838, by George P^ Fenety. It started originally as a tri-weekly morning paper, with a weekly issue; was changed subsequently to a morning daily, and lately to an evening daily paper. It is the oldest newspaper published in St. John. The San and Telegraph are morning, and the Olohe and News are evening papers ; each issued daily, except Sunday, and each having a weekly issue. There are three weeklies, in addition to the above, published in St. John : The Freeman is the organ of the Roman Catholic, and the Christian ViMtor and the Intelligencer of the Baptist churches. Public Libraries. The Y. M. C. A.^ Mechanic's' Institute, and Church of England Institute each have a library open to their respective members, in (57) n addition to whii-h !St. John and Porlland have cacli a lint' lil>rarv open to tht- j)nl)llv. nndor eettain restrictions. The Board of Trade liooins, on Prince William Street, are well sn])plie(l with newspapers, indnstrial jonrnals, etc.; commercial telegrams from all parts of the world received daily. Coiimtrrcial JSeu-a Jioom, corner of Prince William and Princess streets, .'{rd door, entrance from I'rineess Street, is a favorite resort of those who wish to keep posted. Strangers will always receive a Jiearty welcome fiom its genial proprietor, Col. iJeI>lois. Banks, Etc. The oldest iinancial institution in the Province is the Bank of j^cw Brunswick. Established on the •JOth March, 1820, it has grown with the city, and it is to-day one of the strongest, as well as one of the most conserva- tive banking houses in the Dominion ; its sliares, when they are to be had, — which is seldom — are away up. Capital 11,000,000. T\\v Jfaritiine Jiaiik is another Saint John institution, with a i)aid up capital of ;r()!)7,000. Jt Avas established May 10th, 1873. In addition to these home institutions tlie Bank of British North America, capital i;l, 000,000 sterling, the ]'>ank of Montreal, capital .SI 2,000,000, the liaiik of Nova Scotia, capital Sl,()00,(IO(), and the llalifax Banking Comi)aiiy, capital Sooo^ooo, have l)rancli estahlishmetits liere. There are two private banking houses also, witli a capital of about !j^l 00,000, and a Savings' Bank, doing a large business, 'i'he latter, a hand- some cut freestone structure (see view), is on the corner of Princess and Canterbury streets. It is a (iovernment institution f Domiiuon), and therefore ]>erfectly secure. Valuation of the CUii. The ta.xable real estate is estimated at S!J,020,300 ; that exempt from taxation, consisting of church, school and charital)le society property, at 81,457,800. The Assessors' valuation is fully fifty per cent, below the iiclual value of the properties a))praised, however, and does not include the property of the Dominion (iovernment, or of the mendters of the Civil Service, or the real estate and other properties of the city itself, the total values of which are about ■'j<4, 500,000. As with the real estate, so also with the i)ersonal pro[>erty. The Assessors estimate this at S8,88(),200. The stocks of dry goods abme are wortli over 82,000,000. The total value of the real and personal property in the city may be safely estimated at 840,000,000, and that outside the city liinits, owned by the citizens, at ten millions more, (fold, silver, copper, iron and coal mines, pulp nulls, saw mills, timber limits, etc., are the classes of outside properties favored by St, John capitalists. The total debt of the city on the lUst December,' 1882, amounted to 81,242,- 30.'}. Cash assets, same date, 8185,120 ; other assets |l,r)05,79l» ; surplus over liabilities, 8fi08,022. (Not a very bad showing for a city which was almost completely wiped out of existence five years and a half previously). Total receii)ts from all sources, same year, |722,916.51 ; expenditure, 8()00,60(>.88 ; surplus for the year, 853,309.63. The amounts received for Licenses in 1882, were as follows: Auction, 15, 8402; Business, 2, 840; Coaches, 34, $130; Omnibusses, 34, $136; Carts, wagons, slovens, etc., 208, $421; Drivers, 28, $56; Exhibitions, shows, etc., 27, $291 ; Fresh Meat, 32, $640; Junk, 8, $160; Dogs, 611, $611, (there is a "fine" time about these animals every vear) ; Liquors— wholesale, 19, $1,090; taverns, 149, $7,450. Hack Fares. — For conveyii:g one passenger from any public stand to any part of the city, or from any one part of the city t ^y other part thereof, 30c. If coach detained, there shall be paid for every i .ne not exceeding half an hour, 50c., and for every additional half hour after the first, 50c. In case any driver sliall be required to cross the ferry to Carleton, he shall, in addition to the foregoing fares, oe entitled to demand and receive tlie ferriage for him- self, his carriage and horses, both going and returning, 15c. (58) - ' " d to any thereof, ling half In ctuse addition for him- Teli'graphs. The first telfgnipl ine ninniiis; from St. ,](»lin was hiiilt l)y ihe New Hrunswi(!k Tflejijraph ("omi^any in 1ress matter of the city, ('orh^Hls. For the I'nited States, I), li. Warner, 10. W. (Jale, Dcpnty and \'iee-Consnl ; (iermany, Robert Thomson, jr. ; Norway and Sweden, William Thomson; Argentine Ivepnlilic, I). I). Robertson; i-'ranee. Wm. li. ("arvill, Consnlar Agent; Chili and I'eru, .1. II. Scammell ; Spain, lli-nry .lack, \'ice- Consnl ; Netherlands, J, .Mcvin(!.'s, and will c tniMire fa\'orably, in many respects, with tiiose of most cities in the I'nited States. The advertisements of the better iioiises will be f;»nnd tlironghont this book, and will speak for themselvi's. See the Rusiness Hirectory and the Hotel (Jiiide for further information. ^fa)nl('l•s ,"' and a floating population of from 8,(H)() to '2r>,m0. The population of Portland was, in 18.")1, 8,420; in 1S71, l!2,.j20; in 1881, 1"),22G. The decrease in the population of St. John, and the increase in that of Portland since 1871, is due to a great extent to the "big fire." People could not obtain houses in St. John, and had to leave it. ' I'oitiilatiou of St. .Toliii— 1S4(», 17,:U7 ; 1S71, 'is.sor); issi, ■J(;,]27. OAHFeELL ^ ELLIS, Ranges, Stoves, Famaces, Farmers' BoileFs, TIN WARES, ENAMELLED and GRANITE IRON WARES, House and Ship Plumbing, (iras-Fitting, Ilot-Water and Steam-Heating Ap- paratus, Baths of all kinds, Pumps, Iron and Lead Pipe, &c. Warerooms, 87 Prince William Street, and 30 Water Street, ST. JOHN, X. B. m CliiiKtff. The followinir tables, kindly fiirni.shed by Gilbert Murdoch, F^sq., Superintendent of the Water and Sewerage I)e|)artnient, shows exactly what the climate of St. John is like : TABLE [. AHSOMTKI-V IIKillKST IKMl'KKATl RK IN KMll MONTH lU UlN(i VMK LAST TKN YKAKS. Yeah. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jini. .July. j Aug. Sep. Oct. ! Nov. Deo. 1874 1875 187() 1S77 1878 187!> 1880 1881 1882 188;j r,8= 35 48 40 40 30 44 43° 42 44 37 40 45 43 46= i 47 43 I 50 47 49 44 51° 59 53 68 63 5() 54 71° 71 64 7-1 67 62 65 75° 76 77 76 72 70 79 78= 81 83 72 78 80 78 76° 84 76 73 76 75 82 80° I I 70 70 74 68 70 64° 58 60 63 65 70 59 40 40 44 i 49 69 76 i 75 / / TABLE 11. 56° 47 58 55 50 57 58 I 47° 43 44 50 51 48 42 42 42 : 46 60 70 ' 70 72 80 80 63 59 49 41 41 45 i 49 60 79 74 82 74 63 I 62 48 AHSOU TKI.Y I.OWKST TICMPKRATIRK IK EACH MONTH DIKINO THK LAST TKN YKARS. i Ykar. I 4) C >> ^ -9l 02 c o 1874 1—20° —15° 1875 1-10 —11 1876 I— 6 I— 19 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 —15 f- 1 —10 — 1 + 1—7 — 4 — 5 —11—6 3° + 1°'+29°1 2 18 ' 30 ' -13 i+ 6 + 5 + 10 — 3 + 15 + 8 1883 i— 11 '—10 '—10 20 22 28 17 17 13 6 15 30 I 33 ' 36 I 36 ' 32 31 28 32 38° 40 41 45 44 37 i 40 38 41 45 ! 48° 49 50 50 48 i 45 1 50 49 ! 44 ! 45 I 47°' 50 ' 46 : 54 i 45 49 1 45 i 51 I 44 I 45 I 41° 30°'+ 6°— 12° 32 39 44 41 42 37 42 37 28 |— 9 —17 28 I + 15 '—15 26 ! 27 25 26 24 31 20+4 16 4 8 —17 3 2 :— 1 18 1+ TABLE III. MEAN MONTHLY TKMI'ERATIRE OF EACH MONTH DlRINOi THK LAST TKN YEARS. 1 32.2 6 35.5 81 36.3 40.2 40.2 I 35.7 I 35.8 ,36.2 3 32.6 1; 35.5 c D 1-9 bo m O I ^ I 46.1 53.2 59.1 59.2 46.1 53.3 60.3 61.3 44.0 55.1 61.1 59.3 46.1 57.5 60.3 61.9 49.7 54.6 60.0 60.8 46.3 52.51 58.7 58.4 47.0 56.81 60.3 58.8 47.4 52.3; 58.3 59.8 43.8 55.3 58.7 58.7 46.4 57.3 59.0 59.8 47.4 44.6 44.5 43.4, 48.91 54.1 1 47.2 56.0 46.8 56.8, 44.1 55.1 47.7 57.0 53.5 53.8 56.3 56.4 35.4^ 21.6 29.3 21.3 36.7 18.3 36.9 25.7 35.9 24.9 33.0 20.3 31.4i 22.4 35.5i 30.1 33.9, 22.7 d h a OJ o 1* 40.26 38.14 39.50 41.39 42.00 39.36 40.4{) 38.47 39.08 (60) 1, Esq., V Nvliat YKAKS. V. Dec. 1 47° 1 48 44 50 ) , 51 r • 4S $ 42 ) : 49 2 i48 s; YKAKS. >• o 6° —12° - 9 —17 15 15 20 + 4 16 4 8 ' 17 S 2 :— 1 18 1 + YK.4.US cJ m rt 10 ,«! 7 8 3 6 9 10 5 () 8 1 1 5' 8 8 7 10 7 8 9 9 9 7 .'» 7 S S 10 10 12 12 9l3il4 12 10 9 7 6 10 8 12 6 3 4 9 9 5 10 5 7 8 10 8 10 6 ()■• •) 11 7 12 12 S 10 4 10 3 6 TAl'.LK V. I!AIN I'AI.I. IN 1N( IIKS I'Ol! I:A(II Mi iNTH — i;i). 4.222 4.305 3.690 2.8()5 3.940 3.355 4.162 3.730 4 620: 4.150 6.6203.770 3.555 "^ =" :r o C /'h c 6.225 7.460 2.480 2.209 5.170 4.450 3.730 7.240 2.810 5.860 9.840 7.100 4.033 3.045 5.712 6.265 6.172 4.940 2.205 1.720 3.015 3.435 2.805 3.125 2.270 4.345 2.135 2.770 3.725 3.360 2.745 2.530 3.330 3.523 6.730 3.145 5.515 6.170 4..S50 4.005: 0.690 1.500 4.090 1.830 3.760 ().655 4.705 2.820 4.485 2.510 3.805 3.593 4.305 5.()65 4.610 5.724 5.310 4.065 2. 3.325 3. 1.330 3. 3.5201, 4.2154, 5.225 3, 2.325 2, 4.22513 1.890 3 0.830j . 255 0, 432 S, 300 4, <)50'2, 385 2 605 4 840 5 480 4 388 3 SSO 5, 260 5, 980 6, 710 6 440 5 215 5 155 6 ,005 3 ,555 1 190 4. 840 1, 898 4, 530 2, 200 4, 020 5, ,155 2, 440,5, ,915'2, SOCIETIES, ASSOCIATIONS, I<:TC. SoClKTtKS, Otc. barristers' Society, Hitard of TradP •^t. .lohn Law .Sooioty, N. n. Historical Society, St. Andrews Society, . St. .Tohu County Agricultural Society,... St. .Tohn Poultry & Pet Stock Assoc'tion, Natural History Society, Fish it Game Protection Society St. John Typographical Union, Art Club St. John Cricket Club, St. Andrews Curling Club, Tliistle Club, Young Men's Literary Society, Portland, Young Men's Literary So. of St. Joseph, Phksioent. Win. H. Tuck, vice, T. \V. Daniel, Wni. .lack, Q. C., J. W, Lawrence, A. C. Jardine, S. S. Hall, CoL A. Blaine, LeB. Botjjford, M. I)., J. A. Harding, Wni Essington, J. C tiles, Simeon Jones, Simeon Jones, Jas. Shaw, J. H. McHugh. T. P. O'Regan, (61) SF,rRKTAHY. .lohn Black, Treas., Peter Clinch, < i. C. Coster, (r. H. Lee, .lames Straton, James Barbour, H. W. Wil80n, (r. E. Fairweather, Rec. (i. C. Coster, H. E. Codner, A. R. Melrose, .1. T. Hartt, Jas. Straton, R. C. J. Dunn, Thomas Connors, D. J. Gleesou, 015 905 645 780 180 030 627 625 435 S(M I i;i I KS, etc. St. Vincent tic I'aiil Society, St..l(>liii( Inircli Missionary Socit'ty, J)ioccsan ( linrcii Socioly of N. \i Iliniii' Mi ssii/ii liiHird, <'lMinliot' I'ln^land Institute, riinrcii of I'.nvriaiul I, allies' Association. (ailelon ISrancli liihie Society, JOvanudical Alliance, (St. .lohn V. M. C. A., l^aptisi llnnie Missions, ]ylnm, Protestant Ladies' ''onimittee, Wiu.uius Male Orphan Asylum ]l(tine for Affod I'Vuiales, Mechanics' Institide, Moosepitli HriviiifT I'atk Association,... N. M. odd Fellows Hall ( o., N. M. Ma>oni.' Hall ( o., Couinil of I'hy-icians anil Surg's, N. H., St. .lohii .Med'cal Society, N. H. .Medical M)ciety, ' Irish I'li.ridlv Socic'iv I'KKslDKNT. .lolin Nufjent, Li 1!. liotsford. Hisliop of l''redericton. Rev. Canon hrigslocko, do. I). W. (lark, .los. I'richard, .1. i;. Irvine, Mrs. ,1. Iv Hopper-. Wni IJayard, M. D., S. 1). Merton, Chair., Mrs. \V. W. Turnhuli, T. W. Daniel, T. W. Hanicl, 1). P. Chisholm, I). C. ( linch, .liimes Christie. M. D., M. K. Stevenson, Win. Pavard, M. P., W. V. Ciilennin, M. D., S, Z. I';arle. M. V. Uitchio, M'.CKKT.VUV. v.. Friol, T. W. Daniel, <;. A. Seholield, M. P. Dixon, Miss Snvder, A. C. A." Salter, Hev. Dr. Macrae, .losluui Clawson, W. \. C. Pandall.M. P., ■lohn .March, .Mrs. .lohn .March, T. I'. Uayniond, Charles Ward, U. W. Crookshank, Rev. Wni. Armstrong, Mrs. (i. W. Whitney, .lames U. Thonia.s, I. Allen Jack, .1, I'itzpatrick, Alex. Duff, W. W. Allen, ,1. W. Daniel, :\r. P.. ti. .M. Duncan, Bathurst. P. .I.O'Neil, si:cki:t societies. MASONIC. Tlie (iraiid L of New Brtniswick nioel.^ amuially at tli(! Masonii! Toiuiilo ill St. .John, on the fotirtli Ttiesday in A])ril. Tlie following lodges meet iiiontlily in Masonic Temple, St. Jolm, nnless otlierwi.se stated: St, John's, No. 3, 1st Tuesday. Union of rortHand, No. 10, :ird Tluirs. Carleton Koyal Arcli Chapter, No. 47, Registry of Scotland, 8rd Wednesday. Kncainpiuent of St. John, No. 48, Relig. and Mil. Order of the Teinple, Registry of the Chap. Gen. of Scotland, '2ua W^ednesday. New Urimswick Sov. Consistory, 1*. R. S., on the Registry of the Supreme Council of the 32°, 4th Friday iu Octoher, January, April and July. MeLeocl Moore ('onclave, No. 13, of the Imp. I'A'cIes. and Mil. Order of Knights of the Red Cross of Rmne and Constantinc, 4tli Tluir.sday. St. John Lodge of Perfection, 14-, A. it A. S. Pile, on the Registry of tlic Supreme Council for ( anada, 4th Friday in Fehurary. May, Aui:ust, and N'ovemher. Cai'leton Coniicil of Iloyal and Select Mastei's, monthly, in Carlelon. Albion, No. 1, 1st Friday. Hiberiiia, No. :i, 2nd Tuesday. New Itriinswick, No. 'i'i, 2nd Thursday. New IJrunswick Ko,>al Areh <;hap.. No. 10, — Registry of Canada, Isi Thursday. Prov. Grand L,<»dge of the Royal Order of Scotland, 1st Wednesday in Fehruary, May, August, and November. Harington Chap, of Sov. Princes of Rose Croix, H. R. I). M., 18° on the Registry of the Sup. Council for Canada, 4th l''riday in .Maich, .lune, September, and Peceniber. Union DeMolay Kneainpuient and I'riory, Registry of the (irand Conclave of England and Wales, and the Colonial dependencies of the British (.'rown, 4th Thursday each month. Carleton Union, No. 8, 1st Thursday, in Ma.sonic Ifall, Carleton. Union Hoyal Arch Chapter, No. S4, 4ih Tuesday, in ('arleton. ODD FELLOWS. The iollowing Lodges meet weekly in Odd P'ellows Hall, Tnioii Street, St. John, unless otherwise specified : Pioneer, No. 9, I'riday. Peerless, No. 10, Wednesday, in Odd Fellows Hall, Portland. Milicete Encampment, No. 11, 4th Thursday, each month. Beacon, No. Vi, Tuesday. Siloain, No. 30, Monday. Golden Rule, Thursday, in Carleton. ((12) OKAXiKSOflKTY. Siil)(»nlin)ite IiO«'rii»'r, Mo. 1, 1st 1111(1 :inl Tiiostliiys. Kldoii, No. 2, Jml am! Mli 'rucsiliiyH. York, No. .'J, 1st mid :!i(l TluirsdayH. Tni«' ltlu<>, N(». II, Ist Wediiostliiy, Ciirrn. .lohnston, No. "A, 1st mid lird Mondays, llavolock, No. 'i7, "ind Moudiiy. \V*>lliiiKt4Mi, No. 'fl, last Monday, in I'ortland. KNI<;HTSOF rVTHIAS. New ItruiiHwick, No. I, 1st and :>rd Kiiiiehts of Pythias Kiulovvineiit Itunk Wednesdays. — S«'(tioii No. 4, Ist Woflnt'sday in each rni4iii Lo(1kltM>liHnies, No. :JS, Mrit- (intnite Rock DiviHion, No. 77, Carle- tain .Street. ton, Mondays Porthind, No. 7, Orange Hall, I'ortland. Iluriiioiiy, N«». 214, rortland, Fridays. TE.VIl'LAKS OF HONOR ANI> TEMI'ERANCE. Victoria, No. 'i. Market MklY'. Tuesdiiys. Eureka, N«). 1(>, Tarleton, rimrsdays. .Vlcxaiiclria, No. O.'t, ILaiiini's Ikiilding, I'lio'uix, No. II, Carletoii, Tuesdays. Tndiantown, Thursdays. Saint. JohiiTomperaiH-*' Reform ("tub — Meetings at Hall, corner Ciemiain and Princess Streets, every Monday. Women's ChriHtian Temperance Union — Mrs .loseidi Hogg, President ; Miss Thorue, Secretary. St. IVter's Total Abstinence Relief So<-iety— Kev. Win. O'Leary, President; Patrick F. Tiglie, Correspoiullng Secretary. St. Aloysins Tempei'ance Association (Portland) — A. T. Moore, President ; E. J, Doherty, Corresponding Secretary. St. Patrick's Total Abstinence Society (Carleton) — Timothy Uoiiovan, President; James Donahoe, lleeordiug Secretary. ('atholi convey an imperfect idea of its extent. It is (),()IM> feet long from its head to the Intercolonial Railway wharf, at the southern e.id of the city, and 1,270 wide at its narrowest part. Ships or steamers of the largest class can load in 25 iect of water, along the harbor face of the wharf. 10,000 tons of steamers and ;{0,00<) tons of West India craft, or schooners, can load at this wharf at the same time. The whole of Courtenay Bay, or as much of it as might lie recjuired, could be made into a vast wet or dry dock, as deemed most desirable. The bottom is a bed of sand, hard enough to drive Joaded teams over, and free from rocks. The Intercolonial runs around the east side of the city, along the shore of the Ray, on a wharf or pier 4,.'i00 feet in length, and vessels can load along the whole length of the wharf if desired. 1(53) iii^ for, and the favorite n'ndc/.vouH of the tiHli'mj; and tradinhiin and DeMonls, the harhor has heeii tlie resort of the lli'ets of all nations. St. ,l(»hn is the fourth largest shi|)o\vnin<,' port in the world to-(lay, and claims the i)roud titli' of the '■ Liver[iool of I'.ritish America I" That her claim is not unjusti- liableean be seen from the followiiij^: LIST OK VKSSICLS ItiaHSTEHKI) AT ST. JOHN ON ;»lst I>I>:<., 188'^. Ships. Jtarks. Il'lvtns, Urius. H'utns. Sch'rs. \\'(i(idl>'t-<. Sloops. Ktetcli. Stis. Vessels... .^t. Total 'i'onniigc, '_M'i,:i-'.">. I'he pos.sihilities of St. John as a manufaeturinp; and trade centre arc uidimited. Her position on a capacious harhor, open all the year round, within easy reach of all countries which can he approached by water, with an immense licet of vessels available for the cheaj) transportation of raw material or manufactures, }»:ives her cncu'uious advantages over all com])etitors. As a port of discharoe and distribution of tiie produce of theWtst Iiultes, Saint John stands unrivalled. On the completion of the Me^antic road, in about eighteen months, 1-1 to 1") hours will i»ut travellers into Montreal, only 4 lU miles distant. SUdeuK'.nt xliinriiKj till' Xiuiihi'i\ Tniimujc, and Crews of Ves.^rls {Fvi'r'njn and Coaxt- irise) (wririiid at iSf.JnIiii in fiic/i ijcur frmii IS7),o:!;i ISSl 1114 i4i,.">4i; l,2,.-)48 1«H2 •.'()(M 1M7,S.5S s,(;s-j 1 xy'2 1. "):!(; 4i':!,7S:{ i4,(inn Total, i(),()!t;; !C)4,88;! 44,20.-) Total, ()i;i).) 2,171,-)-.s .■^8,.-)22 ( )ur rnilicoi/ ('oiiimiiniratluii>2,1()a $173,00.'i 1146,042 $798,024 The Fisheries, 800,445 081,124 ti:{1,74(; 780,4(M) 75:i>2.7l ;t,052,96C ; The Forests, 4,r)C,l,(W(t 4,0:n,7:{4 4,220,429 ,-),7:i9,296 o,440,o67 28,999,0.')() Animals & their produce, 147,704 12:5,174 227,8(vl 219,206 :i44,3r)8 1,062,366 Agricultural Products, :«l,884 191,082 99,761 178,191 2.56,994 760,912 Manufactures .'i20,912 149,894 444,870 249,713 491,412 1,856,301 Miscellaneous articles, 28,557 86,989 81,617 65,860 41,783 254,306 Totals, t(),268,027 ie;5,871,471 *o,863,953 S6,406,.374 ^7,474,407 $=^1, 384,23;: ((14) \vhi:rk \vi-: skll. Kxi)orts f(.r the years 1S7S-1S,S2:— forMuv. IHIH IH7» ( .mit Uritiiiii Hl»Mi''><» Sl.-M t.HMl liiitcd Stiitts l,.")HMr>7 Nfwfdiindlanil :t,<><'>ii British West Iiulits -'7,1(11 Spuiiish W.'st liidii's Ki.s.r,-)! KiuiiHli West Indies 1,!M»4 rniich Wtsl Indies Hayti o.S'.iS Uritish (liiiiina ll.o.'M St. I'ieire, et Mi<|ue!itu '2,ftl5» Soiilli Anierieu 12,7'>2 I eiilral Ainoriea I ranee ■S.W;M1 Ai^'entine Itopublie < lernianv, 31,ti7() Spain ...'. •JO.'iOO roi-tUKal !«>;{ Iteluiiini Holland ."),o:{M I'eninark Norway. Uifi'Hi tiiliraHar Italv 12,tU:{ ACriea ]:\,->M Canarv Islands •i.o.V.l Australia ;t7,'.)22 i,(;:n,i7;{ :( 4S7 :!.s,.H22 i:)7,lH(i KMMl i,H(;2 ll»2,(ilH '4,S70 :!li,2:!(» !»,7hS i(;,i2(i 8,210 .■■>,:{t;7 HtvSKd IH80 *:i,107,147 2,lii»,»5M r),;t;ir. ;it;,(i(i2 7.">,t;'.K) 1,800 2;t()2 r.,iu)2 s,7'.i.s 2t)4,:WH \(i,Hsr, 4:t,7r.7 IS.l.VJ 2;{,4«2 :12^H:{2 !t,(;4o s,7m; IKK I ';i,2iM,.-,7 1 2,;t;u,i;iH i,7(;!i .".,",402 f.7,(>i;i i«,:i7d :M24 l.">,140 .".,47i) i.22;i 4.')2,71M i:i,tV7H 45,ti.')3 r_',:}H(! .s.ooo 11,0." 72 :!4,7:f4 22,02". <;,r.!»2 ;«t,8;{o IHHi 2,7!IH,:<-1.". ."^l.t.'.l 7o,s(;.-. 2,(11 1 10,C..".4 2,071 !»,M(it; iiti./iii 11,17S 2,!)00 !tM,211 .'{,r.7ti 2,7-.tt 12.01.". :w,(ii:! ;iO,H(i4 .•V:i72 ."i7,f>4'.t Totals. ;fl7,.'>:{C.,.'">t;7 10,4H2,771 ;i2,:i2!) 212,4:J8 480,(K)S l,(t9t 20,170 ;w,,H."),5 2H,.-,!I4 :;(i,H4.'> l,22:{ I ,(;4o,(iC.2 11,178 7(>,oo;i 247,:{r.i 1 l,:tc.7 lii,C.44 47,.".!ll s,(i()() .".1,1.".1» 72 1:14,442 s i,2(;.". 2i;,17C. 1112,787 Totals fC.,2(J8,027 $.5,:{71,471 *.:),S();?,;t.".4 *;,40(l,:i74 S7.474,407 SU,:!84,2:t:t WHKKK ^^K BUY. COlNTKlK<. (Jreat Britain, Inited States, I'ranee, (ieiniany, Holland, Heiijiiini, Spain, I'ortugal, liritish West Indies, Spanish West Indies I'reneh W^est Indies, Dutch West Indies, Hritish Ka.st Indies Diiteh Kast Indies, r.ritish (iuiana, Newfoundland, St. Pierre, et Miquelon, ](; .".or. 1 :<,.">()( I 1881 S:t,2!"»,""i' 2,2.")0,C.(iO 40,lit'.> 2,(i24 28,075 128 028 147,541 18,24.5 7,04:5 4,771 1:5 :{,.541 2,108 17 70 1..5:i4 1:54, 1.S7 .S,4(I8 :{(!!) (1,4.")!» 1,1 7f. 777 17."> 2,15(1 2.">(>,4!t8 l()7,1!t4 :!74 1(1,7">4 4,587 1 ,:{40 !»7(1 1 1 ,522 225 188a Totals. S.s,2;u,4i:; !*15,i:{(l,521 2;778,.".!i7 i:i,.552,4:5o 74,112 225,9.55 8,!»28 12,77:< 42,5( r2 141»,(5:<(i 1,.">.5!I 2,7(14 (i,:i6o '.»,:«4 4:! 2,74r. 408,'. 120 i,(»7i,;i:!(i '.i:i,025 247,8i:{ 45,821 18,288 70,!».".2 (.70 '43,'87:"{ :{4!t :{74 r.2,575 18,288 92,.582 10,074 1,78:$ I .")5,:$95 749 Totals, $8,473,703 $5,:t.'}7,958 $3,99l>,(i98 8(i,()l(},972 *(1,778,412 S;{0,(!0:{,803 The Fisherii'.'i of New Brunswick are of great importance and value, and the right to fisli within a certain distance of the shores cost our neighbor over ^'le border a good round sum. There is scarcely a coinitry under the sun where New Brunswick cured fish are not eaten. Salmon and New Brunswick are sy.touymous — they are inseparable! About 1,000 men are engaged in the liarbor fisheries of St. John alone. Fifty dollars per man is a common result of a night's fishing. Lumbering has always been a prominent industry of the Province, requiring a large amount of capital, energy and forethought. The total value of the products of the forests of New Brunswick exported from the different ports I (65) IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 IM JIM IP 2 ^ 2.0 1.4 .8 1.6 V] <^ VI e. e). <5> /a % /y pm -ejf O 7 ///, Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ,5^ i" C^ 1880 1881 1882 Totals,! Pate. "1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 Di'als. I82,4'>;j,.*;;j4 I9i,24;i.3()r) 188,")39,()79 22;],8;}a..')0.s 207,809,848 998,419,729 Laths, M. Deal Ends. 10,7(58,901 !),r)4.),827 10,499,478 9,885,822 7,680,004 48,875,027 88,159 98,281 9(5,590 180,589 129,958 Lath- Wood, Cords. 52 487 81.1 28 17 Totals, i 813,53.5 0151 Shocks, No. T70,750 90,275 1 72,389 ] 22,003 71,207 626,624 Scantlins, Hoards, etc. 88,804,180 51,1(54,<)20 87,(589,119 88,480,008 48,528,279 209,171,811 Shingles, 1,114 8,271 16,809 15,083 14,043 Hard, Tuns. 12,572 15,512 7,547 (5,007 8,152 49,850 Spars, No. ~521 1,900 1,251 704 578 TiMHKK, Pine, Tons. 8,843 2,800 1,8(54 1,040 8.297 11,950 Sleipers, No. 80,171 22,350 99,865 55,598 i Palings. I M. I _ 7 3,118 8,898 4,040 2,171 J.,952 20^174 staves, M. : '979 04 208 149 130 55,430 I 5,020 ' 257,485 : 1,525 * There are about 50 saw mills within a radius of 5 miles of St. John, giving employment to at least (),(Hi() people. ((50) '^V- . The 3,113 8,898 4,040 2,171 l,9o2 20,174 staves, M. '979 G4 203 149 130 1,525 rment to MANUFACTURING. That Saint John is an important niannfaotnrinK i-entir can he seen at a o-hmce. Mills, foundries, ina(!hine siiops, and lactorios of various kinds are scattered all over the city. The following are sonic of the leading manufac- tures of St. John and Portland : — Biscuits. There are 'wo biscuit factories; one of which employed 40 hands in 1882, paid out lj;iO,000 for wages, and used 7.059 barrels of Hour, 130,019 pounds butter and lard, 108,114 pounds sugar, 21,02() pounds -'urrants, From u Pliologniiih] NORTH HIDE KIN hands and |)ays out $3,120 for wages. Bakeries. There are 17 other bakeries beside the above, employing about 150 hands. . . . , . /..••*! •* . Clothing. There are two wholesale clothing manufactories in tlie city, employing 300 hands, paving out about !?30,000 yearly for wages, about $75,- 000 yearly for raw material, and their combined products amount to about !{!200,000/ (07) T Shirts, There are 15 sliirt fiu-tories in the ("ity — (»ne ol" whieh employs 40 hiuids in tlie nianiifiicturinii; and !:tini hands are employed, and a Millinery depart- ment, in whieh 10 hands are enj^aj^ed. Tailors. There are 4.S tailoring cstahlishinents, some of whieli are very extensive, employing about 1)00 hands and paying' out over ^27,000 for wages. Cotton* Two large factories, one a new^ one started this year, employ 530 hands, payout $292,000 for wages, and use up 2,oOO,09S pounds raw cotton, costing about i?r)00,000. Boots and Shoes. Five firms employ 2'.to hands, pay out $119,000 for wages, |)273,000 for material, and turn out $().">il,000 worth of goods. Boot and Shoe Makers; 63 concerns tussist the wholesale manufacturer's in supplying the pedal wants of the citizens, and emplov about 300 hands at a cost of ai)out 1150,000. ^^%^ ^^^ Boot Trees and Lasts. One firm employs 5 hands, and pays out l|)5,000 for wages and material. Boot Heel Stiffeners. One firm uses ud a ton of scrap leather weekly, employs 20 hands and makes 30,000 pairs stiffeners annually. Foundries and Machine Sliops. The first fo\nidry erected in New Bruns- wick was erected in Portland in 1.S31, by Messrs. Harris & Allan. They made the first importation of pig iron, and cast the first "Franklin" made in the Piovince, There are 12 iron foundries and machine shops, 3 machine shops, 2 iron knee factories, and 6 iron railing and door makers. The size of the establishments and the classes (tf manufactures turned out varies considerably. One concern turned out last year 271 coal, 1(50 platform, 119 box, and 6 passenger cars, complete, ready for running; 4,013 chilled car wheels, beside those required for the cars; and a lar^e number of steel tyred wheels, castings of all descriptions, machinery, etc.. etc. In addition, they have a rolling mill with a capacity of 3.500 tons annually, where they turn out iron knees for ships, nail plate, bar iron, etc. Another firm, besides their general foundry and machine business, manu- facture steam engines, locoujotives, boilers, etc. They made the first complete (68) ^T. engine and boiler coiistnu'ted in the Province : it wiis in IH'Mk Stoves, ranges, castings of all kinds, iigricultnral inijdenients, etc.. are turned out by the various foundries and machine shops. There are about o75 liands em- ployed ; wages ))aid, about >i<24(),()0(> ; raw material costs about iJ^'iTOtOOO. NailS) Spikes Jllld Tacks. Three firms, one making nails and spikes, one making horse shoe nails and one making tacks, employ MV,i hands, pay out §41,9G() for wages, !?184.()<;0 for materials, use up (10 t^()2,000 wortii (>f goods per anmnn. Boiler Makers. Two establishments employ 40 hands, pay out S'l'^OOO for wages and about 817,000 for materials. Bolts, Nuts and Screws. One factorv euii)lovs 40 hands, pavs out $7,800 for wages. Saws. There are three saw factories in the city. One ini-s added //emaA-mgr, and another has a white lead and paint shop in connection. This is a business which is never thoroughly mastered by one mechanic. Each branch of the manufacture requires years of patient application and study, and only skilled mechanics are emploved. The number em])loved here is 2o, wages about $19,000. Blacksmiths. There are .'Jo blacksmith shops, some of which employ as manv as lo hands, the average number being about ">, and the total wages aboiit $70,000. Miscellaneous Iron-W(>rkers. Two parties are engaged in the manufac- ture of anchors, another makes augurs, 7 workers in galvanized iron, and one small safe factory complete the list. Furniture. There are 12 establishments, large and small, engaged in the manufacture of furniture in St. John and Portland, and they turn out as fine goods in this line as can be found anywhere. The four largest employ 120 hands, and pay out about $45,000 for wages. About 60 liands are employed in the other 8 factories at an average wage of $20,000. Spring" Beds. One firm employs 20 hands in the mannfacttire of spring beds, excelsior mattresses, bedding, etc.^ paying $4,160 for wages. Carriages and Sleighs. The business was started in 1820 by one Peter- son. Steam was not introduced till 18o4. The business has rapidly advanced since then, there being 6 firms, great and small, engaged in it at the present time, and employing over 100 hands, at an annual expenditure of about $51,- 000 for wages and $45,000 for raw materials. Shipbuilding. A small schooner was built here some time before 1770, by Jonathan Leavitt, one of the fii*st settlers, and named the Monnegiiash, the Indian name of the peninsula on which the city is built. James Simonds commenced a vessel in 1775, but the marauding party from Machias,* (see page 30), burned it. Two vessels were built in the Market Slip a few years after the landing of the Loyalists. Shipbuilding has ever been a leading and favorite industry of the Province generally, and of the city particularly. Formerly a very large proportion of the ships were built under contract for foreign owners and shippers, but of late years the majority of them were fur the citizens, and to-day there is an immense fleet of vessels owned in St. John, and manned by her own citizens, sailing to all ports on the gl hands, and paying out $7,000 for wages ; 4 sailmakers, (5 riggers, 7 boat builders, and one cordage and oakum factory. The extent of the shipbuilding operations of the I'rovince may be seen from the following STATEMENT OF THK \K\V Vi:ssKLS KK(;ISTERKI) IX NKW imUNSWUK, AND THEIR TONNA(JK, IX KA( 11 VKAU FROM 1 S'JJ TO 1 SS'i, UOTH YEAUS IX- CLUSIVE :— 1 1 w u 1 rj a a c a> O o >H ^ ^ . H c 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 120 130 99 71 64 52 61 70 97 92 97 100 99 122 164 28,893 31,620 21,806 15,656 8,450 9,242 8,571 14,081 17,837 24,140 25,796 29,643 27,288 29,167 45,864 0) 1 to . « ^ s «H c OS , '394" Ton nage. ~35^"899" 39.008 24,396 22,932 20,531 20,949 12,726 15,159 11,867 303,467 No. 72 74 45 53 35 45 41 52 45 462' Tonnage. " 35,771 39,079 25,361 24,818 22,598 21,234 13,907 16,469 12,576 211,813 The Sash, Door and Blind Factories are faithful barometers of the business of a place. If these are busy, business generally is sure to be brisk and money plenty. There are four large establishments here, employing 81 hands, paying out $28,000 for wages, and over $70,000 for raw materials. (70) There iire o5 Jhdlders and a vast arrny of carpenters to be supplied from tliese factories. There are 2 Planimj Mills and 1 Turning shop beside the above. Brushes and Brooms of the finest qualities are manufactured here in large ([uantities by two firms; one of which employs 50 hands, pays out $12,000 for wages, $20,000 for raw material, and manufactures over ^40,000 Avorth of goods annually. Soap and Candlos* 2G hands are employed by the 6 factories here, re- ceiving !f!9,000 for wages, and making 1000 tons soajj and candles each year. Bye Houses. Three d/ers help the brush and soap makers to clean things up, paying 22 hands $8,500 for their assistance. Confectionery. Ten establishments employ about 100 hands. One of the firms turns out on an average a ton and a half of confectionery weekly. (There are i) dentists here.) Soda Water, Et«. Two establishments have 25 hands constantly busy bottling the eflervescent, and pay them $4,600. There are two Coff'ee and Spice Mills, in which there are 11 hands employed at an expense of $4,500 yearlv, and $9,000 worth of raw materials used up. Harness, Saddles, ^Ac, There are 9 harness makers, 5 of whom employ 2(1 hands, and pay $0 for wages, and $25,000 ibr raw material. There are 14 PI umbers and Uasfitters, and 23 Tin and Coppersmithn to use up the products of tlie brass foundries. Miscellaneous. There is one Brewer, 5 Cigar Makers, 1 Oil Clothing Msiker, 6 Coopers, 3 Engravers, 7 Fishing Tackle Manufacturers, 1 Gun- smith, 6 Hatters, 6 Jewelry Manufacturers, 8 Marble and Stonecutters, 1 Match Factory, 5 Saw Filei^s and Setters, 2 Taxidermists, and 8 Undertakers in St. John and Portland. The foregoing resume of the manufactures of St. .John and its surroundings, will serve to convey a fair idea of the extent and value of her industries. Whether St. John becomes the "winter port" of the Dominion or not, or whether the Megantic Kailway is ever finished or not, (there is but little doubt on this point however, judging from the rapid progress being made now), the future of St. John is assured. The immense tract of country — abound- ing in agricultural resourcef niinerals and valuable timber — drained by the St. John River, is almost en^_xely dependent upon tlie St. John markets. This section alone is large enough and rich enough to ensure a trade of at least $20,000,000 per year, and it is still in its infancy, vast tracts of it being in a state of nature ; while the various feeders of the intercolonial and New Bruns- (71) wick Riiilways, projected juul under conHtruction, will brinj? every section of the Province right to our doors. There is nothirpj to hinder iSt. John from becoming tlie leading manufacturing and commvjrcial city of British America. Every '•equisite necensary for the building up of a city ire here — cheap labor and skilled mechanics, cheap fuel and an abundance of iron ore, ample facilities for the shipment and handling of freight and for the building and repairing of ships; railway and steamboat lines in every direc- tion, aflbrding uninterrupted communication with the markets of the world at all seasons of the year; and absolute immunity from epidemic and malarial diseases. United, determiued and persistent action of the merchants and citizens of St. John is all that is needed to make St. John the Manchester oj A merica. THE PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK, One of the eight provinces of the Dominion of Canada, is bounded on the north by the Province of Quebec, the Restigouche River and the Bay Chaleur ; on the east by the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Northumberlancl Straits ; on the south by the Province of Nova Scotia and the Bay of Fundy ; on the west by the State of Maine and the St. Croix River. It is situated nearly in the centre of the North Temperate Zone ; is larger than Belgium and Holland united, and nearly two-thirds as large as England; is 210 miles long and 88 miles wide ; has a coast line of about 500 miles, indented with spacious bays and inlets; is intersected in every direction by large navigable rivers ; has an area of 17,393,410 acres, 7,455,977 of which are still vacant and open for settlement. Population, 321,233. The country is beautifully diversified by oval-topped hills, ranging from 500 to 800 feet in height, clothed with lofty forest trees almost to their summits, and surrounded by fertile val- leys and tablelands. New Brunswick possesses unrivalled attractions for the tourist, the sportsman, the business man, and the farmer. Magnificent scenery, abundance of fish and game, undeveloped mineral, forest and indus- trial resourcea and capabilities, free soil, free schools, free churches, and a fine climate, are some of its features. Descriptions of some of the principal towns, etc., will be found in the following pages. J (72) on tlie he Bay berland Fundy ; situated Jelginm miles ed with ivigable vacant lutifully clothed tile val- ions for nificent d indus- id a fine 1 towns, ALBKKT COl NTV. Albert MiiiUiS, a station of the Alhcit Uailway, j> (>()(>. Tho famous Alhor- tito coal was diseovered and worked here for a numher of veal's, but the deposit was exhausted and the mines dismantle(l. The discovery of a new vein (»n the ]>ro])erty of the Ohl Mine Company is reported. Tlie vein is said to be from five to seven feet thick. There are several saw and grist mills here. Konte from St. John (i 1, A 1, l(ir) m, f .^.'5.1/). Elgrill* p KH); terminus of tlie lOlgin Ivaihvay, and on (he rt)llet Kiver. I'armin^ and lumbering. Koute, etc., iVom St. .lohn (J 1, (', SU in, f S2.4(>. llillisborO) p <>()() ; a station of the Albert Jiailway, jtrettily situated on the I'etiteodiac J\iver. Kxtensive j,'ypsum (piarries and a hirj^e |>hister mill. Owing to the heavy duty (2!) p. c.) «)U the ground gy|)snm imported into the I'nited States, not more than ?^2,ments of the raw mater'al are immense. Ontario imi)orts !^'J(),(KI0 worth of ground Is'ova Scotia gypsum annually ./'/v;/// the l^aifed Si't'r^. ll,>ute, etc., St. John (r 1, A 1, KH m,*f .'^o. HoiMMVOIl CrtlM' (or " ('apo "), !> <').")0; capital of Albert County ; at head of Sliepodv li.w and ujouth of IVtitcodiac liiver ; shipl)nilding. lioutc from St. Jolin (J 1, A 1. irj m, f s;;.;!»). Hopcv.-cU (!onU'r, terminus of Albert Railway, on Shepody liay. Can-- riage and iiirnitini' hictories, saw mills. I'tc. Route from St. John (i 1, A 1, J-Jl m, f .S'}.(;;j. . CAULKTON < <>l NTV. ' ^Voodslock, the cai>ital of Carleton County, beautifully situated on the west bank of the St. John River, at the mouth of the Meduxuiki-ag, is the most energetic and enter[>rising town in Northern New Rruuswick. It has been so frecjnently destroyed by lire that it r-esembles an ii/iii.f-f(thtii.< — here one minute and gone the next. It is a veritabh' I'lueiiix, however, improves every time. Saw mills, grist mills, foundries, factories of various kinds, machine sho|)S, etc., when burm-d are immediately rebuilt. Insurance com- panies will have to seek another safety valve for their surplus capital to escape through, us Woodstock has got tired of lire, and intends to try the effects of a good water supply. The head ollices, shops, etc., of the New Rrunswick Kailway are located here. Kxtensive and [leculiarly valuable deposits of iron ore are being worked a few miles above Woodstock. The iron is verv hard and durable and makes an excellent tough steel. Steamers run to Grand Falls during high water — spring and fall. Koute from St. John (1), J 2, J 7, I'M) m, f !?:5 ; {'!)' J '2, J) 1, J 11, l.'H m, f !?3.o;{ ; rA) Sn," J 11, 147 i.,f!l!2.50. ■ '. - ..•..,- CHARLOTTE COUNTY. Cailipobello Island, a mile and a half from Kastport, Me., is rapidly advancing into favorable repi.'.e as a Summer Kesorl, not through any par- ticular beauty or attractiveness of the island itself, but because of its surround- ings and the oi)portuni'ies which its kication aflbrds for a variety of enjoyable excursions. The rough, befogged Bay of Fundy on the one side, Passama- (|Uoddy Bay, dotted with islanils, and sparkling in the sunlight, on the other, are in striking contrast. The most misanthropic of mortals could not spend a summer on the sunny side of Campobello without great danger of falling in love — with Dame Nature. A sail boat carries passengers from Kastport to the Island. Koutes — from St. John Si, ()2 m, f !J^1.50; from St. Andrews Sn, 13 m, f oOc. ; from Boston Si, 300 m, f $7.50 return ; or (2) Eastern, Maine Central and New Brunswick Kail ways (J) to St. Andrews, and Sn, thence. "(737 I (jraiKl Manail, an island in the IJay of Kiindy, 9 m from the couHt of Maiiu* and inside of the Canadian hontidary line is unHnrpassed for ^rand and rugged coast scenery — fur exceeding Mt. Desert in this respect. The tower- ing cliHs rise in sheer ascent three or four hundred feet '"'onj the surf-beaten base, at one point stratified with geometric lines of perfect masonry, at others displaying the richest hues. The wave-worn rocks take on strange shapes — the (Jld Maid, the liishop, the Southern ("ross. etc., are striking examples. There are no harbors or landing-places along the whole western shore — 20 miles of massive rocks — but on the eastern side there are several small ones, with wharves and landings. The Island has been a favorite resort for several years, and is destined in the near future to assume even greater prominence as a summer resort, for in nuuiy respects it is unequalled, all that is lacking is i'-liiiiiKinK sides, recking with spiay, iiiid covfrcd with loliage, se«'in as if altoiit to totter over into the |)ths lieiieath. The total fall is al)oiit 1 iO feet, and is an eflectiial harrier to the further upward progress of the salnxtM, hirge lUiudHM'sof wiiich congregate in the pool at the ft)<>t of the falls, y^'ftixi- l/iiit LaLr, the source of the river, is a heautifid sheet of water, ahounding in trout of large size, lieaehed from Aiuhnrr, via Ttjltiipie Kiver, or hv follow- ing up the Nepisigiiit on a good carriage r<»ad. SllipiX'^ail, p. 1 ')<•<>; on a harhorof the same naiiu' and opposite Shippegan Island; is tiie rendezvous of the fishing lleets which frcfpu'nt the Hay ("haleiir, and was hrought itroniinently into notice some years ago as the point of (I; an Acadian settlement on the ('ocaigne i{iver ; lish ami oysters, lumt)ering and farming ; same oute as to liiu'touche. Iticllihlicto, capital of Kent County, near mouth of Richilincto River, has a very large lumher and lish trade; the exports of canned lobsters during the season of 1SS2 were 11,917 cases, valued at 8711,142. Shipbuilding is largely engaged in ; j). l.OOO. Route from St. .John, (J 1,(17, to Weldford 12(5 m,'f !j<:i.57 ; and Stage '^11 thence, 21 miles. The Kent Northern Railway, be- tween Weldford and Richibucto, is nearly completed, and will be opened soon. • .., KING'S COUNTY. IJarnosvillc, i>. ;)<>0; saw and grist mills, tannery and carriage factory; good farming country. The St. .John and iS'orth western Kailway will inter- sect tlie St. Martin's and I'pham (M) at this point ; Koute from St John, (} 1, M 1, lUmiles, f ;r!1.02. Clifton, on the North bank of the Kennebeccasis ]liver, p. 400; s]ii])build- ing and strawberries ; from 2,000 to 5,000 (juarts of the latter are shij)ped daily during the season, princially to U. S. I'eautifid scenery and a first-class place for a sinnmei- resort. Konte from St. John ( r 1 to Rothesay, U m, f 27c. and Stage '^O, 6 m, f 20c. ferry lOo. Hailiptoil StatioU) j). 500; county town of Kings, and a favorite summer residence of many of the (utizens of St. Jolni. Hampton ]'ilUi0 miles from St. .lolm — splendid tront tishini; in lakes 4 to nnles from the village. Sn, Stt, or Sp, f oOe. IN'll<»hN(|iii>i, )>. ")<»». Althoni(h mat*'rials for the mannfaeture of paper and paper pidp nw plentiful in all parts of these Provinces, ami although im- mens(^ ipiantities of paper ari' constantly heing used, f/icn' ix but one pulp mill, anil Init i>nr paper mill, In the Enxlern I'mrlncru; they are located here, hut arc of small capacity, and turn out only the coarsest grades — for wrapping, hags, etc ! A chance for capitalists. There is good trout lishing in the mill poiul ami stri'am. IJoute from St. .lohn, (1 1, "»l m, f 8 1. •">.'!. Rotlli'saiy, on theshoreof the iK-autifid Ki-nneheccasis River iC'an-e-he-ka- shus the hoodlums call it ), admitted hy sportinj' men to he the finest raee- conrst' in the world, lioiitc from St. John, H 1, I) m, f 27c. It is one of the prettiest |tlaces lui the Intercohmial Railway, and the home of many of St. John's solid men. With excellent facilities for hoating and hathing, line enery, )»leasant drives, and freedom fr(»m fogs, it shoidd have more than a local favor as a summer res(»rt. Slis.s^'x, p. 2,000; a pleasant, thriving, enterprising town, in the centre of the hest cultivated section of the Prcvinix*. Beautiful scenery, hsii and game in ahund.nicc within easy reach, good roads in every direction, fair hotel accouuiiodations and a line climate; shoe, I'urniture and carriage factories, tanneries, salt spring and manganese nunes (see Markhamville) are some of its attractions an<'i industries; ships 130,000 gallons of nulk to St. John yearly. (M. 44 m, f .'^ 1. 32 from St, John. Wcstllcld, a station of the N. IJ. Railway on the St. John River, at the foot of "Long Reacli," is one of the tnost attractive and convenient places for a summer resort to he found anywhere in this Province. The views froni the station, or from the hills hehind the villiage are snherh. The hroad, sti;aight expanse of " the Reach" and lielleisle Ray to the eastward as far as the eye can reach ; Crrand Bay, South Bay, Kennehecciasis Hay and the river to the Narrows, at Clreen Ihud (.see view) on the south ; and the valley of the Nere- pis on the north, present a variety of river scenery, which for beauty and ex- tent catniot l)(! surpassed. liofty hills clothed with forests from hase to snm- niit, bare, bleak, rugged knolls, broad intervales, rocky precipices, neat farm houses and churches, and the blue waters of the river and bays dotted here and there with white-winged vessels, eond)ine to form a i)ietnre of great beauty, which has only to be seen to be appreciated. Good trout fisning and plenty of game may be had in the neighbourhood. It is only an hour's ride by rail or steamer from St. .lohn — two steamers and live trains, each way, daily ; fare by rail (J 2,) lo m, 48c.; by Steamer Sn, So, or Sp, 14 m, 2oc. MAD AWASKA COUNTY. ' Ediiiiindstou, (or Little Falls, or Matiawaska, as yon plea.se), the capital of the county and the northern terminus of the N. B. Railway, situated at tho- confluence of the Madawaska and St. John rivers, boasts of little except its scenery to interest the stranger. Viewed from Block House Hill, on the lower side of the Madawaska, Edmundston presents a lovely picture. The views from the town and neiglibouring hills are su|)erb — on one side rugged and picture8<]ue, on the other clothed with a mellow beauty which gives the scene an almost tropical aspect. Edmundston contains several saw, grist and carding mills, but its chief claim consists in its being the lieadquarters of the great fishing trips of the Upper St. John. On the opposite side of the river is (77) the American villageofMadawaska, containing; 1200inliabitants. F^dmnndston is the centre of the Acadian settlements wliich extend from the C J rand Falls to the mouth of the 8t. Francis, and up the Madawaska to Temiscouta Lake, in the Province of Quebec. This people are descended from French Colonists wiio lived on the sliores of the Bay of Fundy and the Basin of Minas in the middle of the 18th century. When the edict of expulsion was oarried into effect in 17o5, many of the Acadians took refuge in New Brunswick (see page 29). Some of them settled at St. John for a few years, but they deserted that pf)int ^r were driven away, and founded the C ity of Fredericton. They were driven away from there by the Loyalists in 1783-5, when they moved to this region. After the Boundary Disputes of 1839 were settled they found their settlement divided, half of the villages being on Canadian Territory, the remainder in the U. S. (It is proposed to annex Maine to New Brunswick, or vice versa, in order to reun'^e these people under one Government). " They are co'jrteous, with a politeness that is never servile, unshaken in their'faith in the Cliurch and its teachings, giving freely while they live of their substance for religion and charity, and, dying, never forget to provide for masses to be said for the repose of their souls. So primitive are all the domestic appoint- ments, that, were it not for the telegraph lines and the railway track, one would almost think he had been transported back to his grandfather's davs." From St. John, J 2, J 7, J 13, 248 m, f $7.05 ; (2) J 2, D 1, J 11, J 13,^243 m, f ^8.23 ; (3) Sn, J 11, J 13, 259 m, f $6.20; from Boston, all rail, 530 m. The Madmi'aska Hirer is a large and beautiful stream, 30 miles long, and the outlet of Lake Temiscouta. The soil in the Madawaska Valley is very rich and fertile, fully equal to that of the famous Aroostook. It is thickly settled. The river abounds with trout. NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. Bay du Yin, on a river and harb^^r of the same name. As soon as the river opens in the Spring salmon appear in great numbers. When the salmon season is over mackerel and bass are hooked in large quantities, and sold in a fresh state to Western buyers at a big price. The run of these fish scarcely ceases when the raking of oysters is begun and kept up till the river freezes, and then smelt are taken by the ton throughout the W^inter ; reached by stage or steamer from Chatham, 20 m. ' Chatham^ on the right bank of the Miramichi River, 12 m from its mouth, is the largest and most enterprising town on the North Shore of the Pro- vince ; contains many fine large buildings ; is lighted with gas. Business is brisk and money plenty. Lumbering, shipbuilding and fishing are the principal cecupations. Lumber is king, millions of feet of lumber being exported annually, but the fish trade is also very large. There are several foundries, saw mills, machine shops and tanneries in the place ; p 6,000. Steamers run between Chatham and Newcastle, 6 ra ; Tndiantown, 26 m ; and to Bay du Vin, 25 m. A branch railway (B), 6 m long, connects the town with the I. C. R., at Chatham Junction. Route from St. John, G 1, G 7, B, 173 m, f $4.50. Newcastle, ^or Miramichi), a station of the Intercolonial Railway, on Miramichi River, at the head of deep water navigation, is a veritable sports- man's paradise, and the capital of the County. The Miramichi is navigable to this point for vessels of the largest class. It is said to be 200 miles long, but this is not a modicum of its length. There are two large branches — the North-west and the South-west, (see map), each with branches innumerable — all of which are the resort of countless myriads of fish. About 100 tons of salmon are caught in the waters of the Miramichi River every year. As for (78) ^F trout, they are as [)lenty hs flies around a syrup cask. The favorite fishing grounds for salmon begin at a point nearly 100 miles from its mouth, and are reached by stage, *ltiy from Newcastle to Boiestovvn, GO m ; from Frederieton, *12, or by team from Kent Station, on the N. H. Railway, J i:>. The I. C. R. crosses the river a short dist;^nce above the town, on two handsome bridges, which, with their approaches, cost over $3,000,000. A ferry steamer makes 7 trips each way, daily, between Chatham and Newcastle. Route from St. John, G 1, G 7, ltJ7 m, f $4.27. Shipbuilding is engaged in extensively also. Newcastle was almost entirely destroyed by the great fire which devastated the MAP<^''*^SOam WEST M//fAM/C/// /?/y£R, fiail»»^u end TiltfTofiA Stations tAus ■• — /t«n <^ country in Oct. 1825. Not one rninjured house was left in the place ; hun- dreds were burned to death, suffocated by the smoke, or drowned in the river, to which they had fled for safety . The water became so hot that lar^e salmon and other fish leaped on shon^, and were afterwards found lying in heaps along the banks of me river. TabiisintaC) at the month of the Tabusintac River, 30 miles from New- castle, reached by stage, is another favorite resort for sportsmen for sea trout, ducks, geese, etc. (79) Ql EEN8 COL NTV. CoJll MiliOS, on Salmon Kivor, at the head of (Irand F.ade, offers great iii- (liifenienls to capitalists. There are immense heds of bituminous eoal liere, waitint? for energy and capital to develop tiiem. A ship load of coal was tai. 'I'hese coal Helds were the first discovered in Ajiierica. Route t'rom St. John, So, 77 m, f ij^l.OO. (iaifotowil, ca|)ital of (Queen's County; p oOO; prettily situated on thi' right liank of tlu; St. Jolm l{iv«>r, oO miles from its mouth, and opposite the mouth of the Jcinseg. Siirroi-nded hy a line farming country, of which it is the princii»al oiuport. A furl moiinling IS guns was huilt at the mouth of the Jemseg, 1 ()()()- 1 (570. It was the ca|>itiil of Acadia under Villehon in 1(»02, and was captured and plundered hy a I'^letnish Corsair iu lt)74. Route from St. John, Su, So, or Sp, f 7"»c. Ki:STIGOLCHK COIN TV. CaillplM'lHiMl, the northernmost town in t!ie I'rovince, l)Ut hy no means the last place to go to, heing heautil'ully situati'd at the head ol' steamer naviga- tion on the Rcstigouche IJiver, 1(> m from its mouth, .and surrounded by luirivalled attractions for the artist an m, f .'j'o.Slj. Coach from the station to the town oOc. ST. JOHN COUNTY. Loch Lomond, a favorite mmmer resort on a lake of the same name; 11 miles from St. John. The scenery is very fine — a magnificent view is to be liad from the top of J3en Lomond Mount. Tliere are three lakes in the Loch Lomond cliain, and numerous other lakes and streams near by, in all of which trout of large size abound. Woodcock, i>artridge, snipe and duck are ])lenti- ful ; and first-class board at retLsonable rates may be obtained. A railway is projected from St. John, to connect with the St. Martins and Uphani Railway (M) at Barnesville, which, if built, will add very much to the attractiveness of this resort. Team, or stage *2 or *3, from St. John, 1 1 m, f oOc. (80) Mispet*, \) "ioO ; on the Bay of Fiiiuly, at the nioutli of the Mispoc River and amidst scenery wliieli would drive a painter mad with delight, possesses a water power (»f siiflieient force to drive every mill and factory in New IJruns- wick, if ]»roperly utilized; hnt the only use made (»f it is to drive a small woollen mill and a saw mill. The river for "» or (» miles ahove the village pre- sents a series of delightful views — falls, rapids, peritendieular cliUs, tleep gullies, or (lat intervals — which are uneipialU'd. J)ams for the storage of water could he built at different points along the stream and at slight cost; hut don't attempt to go up it if y(ju are given lo j)r(jfanity, f»ir it, like .Jordan, is a hard road to travel. \'ery gotxl tishiug may he had the whole length of the stream, from Mispec to Loeh Lomond, of which it is the outlet. A pot <>f gold was found on the heach near here a few years ayo. It had ItetMi hurii'd in the hank hut was washed out hy the sui'T. It U supposed ti» have hi-en buried by the famous and nl»i(pntous "(apt. Kidd," who had I)anks of deposit from (Jiienland to South Ameiiia. Stage "I, fiom St. .John lO m, f •")0c. Mus<|nas]|, a station on the (Iraud Southern Hallway, at the mouth of the Muscjuash River, on the Ray of Fun m, f Si..')'); or (2) "li, :'>(» m, f S1.."^0. SUNBIKY COUNTY. Mailg'C'rvillc, site of the firxf Kiujlii^h Hettlenwnt on the St. .John Itirrr. Established in 17().'> by families from Massachus(>tts and ("oiniecticut, and had over loo families in 177"). These people were in active sym])athy with the Revolutionary party, all but \'l of them signing a resolution favoring support. R is a (pact little village of about 400 inhabitants. Route from St. .John, 8n, 70 m, f$l. Oromocto, a pretty little town on the west bank of the St. John River, at the mouth of the Oromocto River, contains several saw nulls and sliip yards. \i was a favorite camping ground of the Ridians, who had a large cemetery near here. A fort was built here by the whiles as a defence against the Indians about the year 177.5. Oromocto was formerly the capital of the County, but the C!ounty seat was removed to Rurton some years ago. Route from St. John, Sn, 7.'|m, f $1, or (2) J 2, D I, to HVn/s/.s, m from there. The Oromocto River is navigable for vessels drawing 8 feet of water for 20 miles from its mouth. It rises in two large lakes, the North and Sontli Branch Lakes. Oromocto Lakes — North Branch, H m from Harvey, a station on the New Brunswick Railway (J 2). I^ake is 12 nj long and H wide, abounds with trout of the largest size and good sport may be expected. Bears, ducks, and other game are |)le!itiful. Boats on lake. Write to (Jeorge Woods, Harvey Settle- ment, York County, N. B. • (SI) South Branch, 10 m from (iraspereiiiix Station (J 2) Lake 6 ni long and 1 mile wide. Fish averajje a pound each. IJoats on Lake. Several good lakes within easy reach. Write John Allen, Scott's Way Office, Gaspereaux, N. B. Shefflc^ld, p 600; on the St. John River, and in the "Garden of New Brunswick ; " seat of Sheffield Acaden^v, one of the best educational institu- tions in the Province. Koute from St. John, Sn, (54 ni, f ^1. Burton, a pretty vill.age on the St. John liiver, 18 m below Fredcricton. It is the capifai of the County ; splendid farming country. Koute from St. John, Sn, 66 m, f $1. VICTORIA COUNTY. Anwiover, or Tobique, p 450 ; a station on the New Brunswick Railway (J 13), on the west bank of the St. John River, 57 miles above Woodstock, and nearly opposite the mouth of the Tobique River. It is a pretty, straggling village, built along the river bank for about a mile ; contains saw, shingle, grist and plaster mills, furniture factory, tanneries, and several stores, and before the railway was built, the source of supplv for the lumber camps. Route from St. John, J 4, J 7, J 13, 185 m, f f;5.10; (2) J2, D1,J 11, J 13, IGP. m, f $5.33; (3) Sn, J 11, J 13, 181 m, f |4.30. Indian VUlage'{p 200) is directly opposite, and picUwFesquely situated on a bluff at the confluence of the two rivers. The village contains a representation of the crucifixion, — a curious looking .structure of wood well worthy of a visit of inspection. The Indians belong to the Milicite tribe : " a few simple, men and women, without a single trace of the long-faded glory of their nation, they live in this lovely spot in wretched imitation of civilized life ; good trusty guides are the men, strong and active in their canoes, wonderfully adept with the salmon spear, but everything like romance is as completely gone as though it had never existed." The Tobique River (see map) is said by some travellers to be the most pic- turesque river in America. The scenery is very romantic for the first 11 miles. One mile above the mouth commences the rapids of the *' Narrows " — a winding canon, 1 mile long, 150 feet wide, with perpendicular cliffs from 50 to 130 feet high. In midsummer the water forms a succession of black fathomless pools, with short rapids between them ; at times of freshet the river surges and rushes with great impetuosity, the projecting crags causing violent whirlpools, rendering passage by canoes* impossible. Hundreds of rafts of timber are run through here every year, — a dangerous and exciting trip, requiring great skill and daring. Above the Narrows there is a long stretch of smooth but rapid water. In the next 10 miles there are two more rapids, and above them an unbroken stretch of clear, deep water for 70 miles, with occasional settlements along the banks. The river is filled with beauti- ful islands, with extensive intervals along the banks, whose soil is so extremely fertile that vegetation obtains an almost tropical luxu»-iance. Eighty miles from the mouth are the " Forks," where four streams come together. Follow- ing the left centre branch, or Little Tobique River — the best for trout, we arrive at Nictor or Tobique Lake, the head waters of this branch. The transition from the close confinement of the forest and the narrow river into this broad and beautiful expanse of gleaming water is most exhilarating. Momitains enclose it on every side, and close^o its southern side " Bald Mountain " lifts its massive ♦The canoes are propelled by poles ten feet long. If there is one canoeman, he stands in the stern of the canoe, and shoves it along with his pole. The French and Indian guides are very expert, and will force a loacled canoe up a foaming rapid with comparative ease, seldom losing their balance, and never upsetting their frail craft, except through gross care- lessness. (82) mwtw and 1 I lakes , N. B. r New nstitu- rictoii. om St. (J 13), 'k, and ;h ingle, 1 before te from f|;5.33; pposite, s. The looking belong trace of retched 1 active ing like ost pic- first 11 irrows " I ffs from I )f ])lack het the causing reds of xciting a long o more miles, beauti- tremely y miles Follow- e arrive on from )ad and nclose it massive stands in in guides tive ease, ross care- I bulk to the height of nearly o.OOO feet, wootled to its summit, except where it crops out in precipices of granite or long, gray shingly slopes. From the summit a wondrous view may be had ; millions of acres of forest, interspersed wilh lakes and rivers that gleam in the sunshine like silver threads, are spread out like a map l)eneath. Five miles from Kiley lirook Settlement — 60 miles up the river — " is a remarkable peak called Bald Head, 2200 feet high, and an almost perfect cone, its stmuuit having about half the area of an ordinary A^/i P OF rOB/QU£ fi/y£/i. MB. [ c / rrai/u/ay untf Tii 'eyra^A. Sia^iom '^-^ a sk \ V frtarttU lAu t j4n^catr "*V/^ V . / VJM=ir-'— .t II -N VV ■ ^^ rr^^"^ N EW '5^ ^ICK • 'J ifc. r^'*''^ r^ 1 ^oarJ 1 r Xy^ ^ 4^ »5 o [i-J~^ ^ I -1 V^v^^^'Vi h ittU.ft •5r \ ? "■. •*7~^'V^ ^ ''"**% ^^V t%^t*f* A ^.Qr^nd Fall, -v <> . sA'"*'" 'V ul'"-. * c;:^ r^ — '^^5>r., /,„ ,. ^V '^^ «• \vr '•• \.\/ V ■ /Ok~'^^^^^^^^^^»'\ ^Hk Y^ b» c^^^<^ litifSl \ T^^^if^^^ rTT 1 i ■ J'X ^ ^^ Vff. .•' fj** / Vf^-> ■ /!''-^^,;.'^. \ L r 1 1 1 « « J wHa 1 ■3 J Jra/t V* ^tit* .SECTIONAL MAP OF TOBIQUE RIVER. ' railway car. It can be ascended only on the northern and western sides ; on the south and east it is nearly perpendicular for about 1,000 feet. The view from the summit is extremely fine. F'or 100 miles ciiv. Tobique pursues its winding course witliin the range of vision, and here and there glimpses of its shining surface meet the eye. The whole County of Victoria, a large part (83) of Carletoii, and jiortions of York, Madawaska, XortliiiinlK'i'land, (ilouc't'stci', and Jv(.'s(i;;()iicliL' an' witliiii view, and this IVoni a siunmit so small that, stand- inj^ on the northern vdi^v, one tan tlirow a stone a loot in dianii'ter across the moinitain top, and send it thnnderinj;- down a thousand feet or more on tlie sonthern side." A portage of three miles tVorn 'ri»l)i(|iie Fiake leads t(^ Nepisi- gnit Lake, the head waters of the Xei)isi<;nit lliver. A road toliows the bank of the To!»i(|Me to its head waters, and theneo to ('amphi-llton on the Ktsti- ji'ouehe. The 'l'ol)i(pie is a great spawning groinid for salmon. Trout can he had in innnencc 1, J 1 1. J 13, 203 m, f $0.03 ; (3) Sn, J 11, J 13, 200 m, f $0.00; from Bo:iton all rail, 490 m ; steamer to St. John, 300 ni, and choice of routevS. dSrand Situated at Grand Falls, New Brunswick, on the line of the Now Brunswick Railroad, in full view of the Grand Falls of St. John River. TheNewSummerResortof Maine and British Provinces. Second only to Niagara. Good gunning and fishing. Magnificent scenery. WILLIAM OLIVE, Proprietor. i^"House New, fiot^i. WESTMORLAND COUNTY. Aulac, p 75; starting point of stages for Cape Tormentine [and P. E. I., during the winter] ; also of the prnponed B-xV Verte Ship Canal and proposed terminus of the Cape Tormentine Railway. Proposals unaccepted, and Aulac is left in undisturbed and solitary possession of the adjacent ruins of old Fort Cumberland; from St. John O 1, 131 m, f $3.64. Bay Verte, p 600; saw and shingle mills, tanneries, etc. Terminus of ihe proposed ship canal, also of the Chignecto Ship Railway, now being buiR. Ruins of an old fort are to be seen ; from Aulac *14:, 14 m, f ? Cape Tormentine^ the point of arrival and departure, during the winter, of mails and passengers, to and from P. E. I. Cape Traverse, the landing place of the ice boats, is directly opposite, and about 9 m distant across Northumberland Straits. The boats are strongly built row boats, and are dragged through and over the floating ice, or propelled by oars in the open stretches of water. Straps are attached to the boat to haul them with, ana to prevent crew or passengers from sinking out of sight. Loss of life is of very • - (86) le N. V>. m River, 1 mills ot' ty of tiio vely out- >1 air, the hing and very few, ihold, uol ulows, iu I seem? to Falls are ery direc- •Hof many the aecu- yorge not feet high, ii, and the iver has a the river 9 are to he John, J 2, i)Sn, Jll, tin, 860 ni, I the line of ifthe flrg="Terins Moderate. p. E. I, id proposed and Aulac of old Fort inus of ihe )eing buiK he winter, 16 landing tant across ts, and are n the open ith, and to i is of very rare oocurrence, the passage across, although long an»l inipleasant, is not near so dangerous as that by a similar conveyance between (Quebec and Point Levi. Log canoes are used at the latter place, and are often cut in two by the ice and all hands drowned or carried many miles away on the ice before assistance can reach them. A railway, to connect with the Intercolonial at Sackville, is being built to this point, and will prove of great benelit to both Provinces. :s well as a boon to travellers. Jt is intended to run a steamer across the r^traits during the summer and early winter, resource being iiad to the ice boats during the remainder of the year, as no steamer can live in the h(\'ivy masses of ice whicli iiil the Straits during mid-winter and early Spring. From Aulac *14, 18 m. Dorchester, p 1,100; capital of Westmorland County; pleasantly situated on the Memramcook river, near its entrance into Shepody Bay; contains the county buildings, and the Maritime Penitentiary for long term prisoners ; hunbering, shipbuilding, fishing, (shad principally); farming, copper miie.s, freestone (piarries, and albertite coal (?) ; from St. John G 1, IIG m, f $3.'Jl. Moiictoii, at the head of navigation of the Petitcodiac Kiver, (famous for its "Bore," or the mis-statement regarding it) is a lively, enterprising town of ahout 6,000 inhabitants, and the centre of tiie Intercolonial Kailway system — the head offices and workshops heing located here. A sugar refinery, cotton mill, knitting factory, machine shops, shoe factories, and gas and water works are some of the attractions of the place; from St. John G 1, 80 m, f $2.67. Petitcodiac, p 600 ; on the Petitcodiac River, and in a good farming dis- trict. The Elgin Railway (C) connects with the I. C. R. here ; 2 large saw mills ; from St. John G 1, 66 ni, f $1.98. Pt. dii Cliene, temdnus of the I. C. R. Brancli (G 2), point of departure of P. E. I steamers (Sni), aud shipping port for Shediac — 2 miles distant. Good mackerel fishing in the harbor. Pollett River, p 200 ; saw and grist mills. PoUett Falls are well worth visiting. The gorge at and below the Falls is very wild and romantic. The action of the water upon the coarse sandstone forming the cliflTs, has worn out deep caverns with overhanging ledges 40 to 50 feet high. At one point the water, converging from .several sides, is poured into a deep circular hole 10 feet in diameter, where, boiling and surging, it passes out through some invisible outlet. Fair trout fishing may be had in the stream above the Falls ; from St. John G 1, 71 m, f $2.13. Sackville, seat of the Mt. Allison College and Academies (Methodist). The town contains about 2,000 people, but they are as badly scattered as the Israeliter, the houses being so far apart that there is no place which can be called Sackville. It contains one of the largest stove foundries in the Pro- vince, several shipyards, etc., and raises the finest of cattle ; from St. John Gl, 127 m, f $3.56. Salisbury, p 500 ; junction of the Intercolonial and Albert railways ; lumbering and farming ; from St. John G 1, 76 ni, f $2.28. Shediac, p 700 ; on Shediac Harbor, at mouth of Shediac River ; boating, bathing, trout and mackerel fishing; ducks, geese, brant and plover plentiful within easy reach, good hotel accommodation ; shoe factories, saw mills, etc. ; from St. John G 1, G 2, 107 m. f $3. YORK COUNTY. Canterbury, p 700 ; at mouth of Eel River, 8 m from Canterbury Station. Large quantities of lumber manufactured in the vicinity of these two places. There are several large saw mills, grist and carding mills ; from St. John J 2, J 7, 107 m, f $3.50, and stage ? (87) m Frcdcrh'lon, the i-apilijl of New liniiiswiik nnd of York Coniily, is bcMiiti- fi'Uy sitiiiilrd oil ii level |il;iiii on tlic rij,'Iit or western lunik of the St. John Jviver, Si miles from its month, iiinl nearly o|i|»osite the month of the Nash- waak. The streets are wide, airy and (piiet ; cross each other at ri^ht anj^les — those rnmiinu i)arallel with the river aic over a mile loni; and lined with shade trees, wlnise folia^'e is so (lense that the city is almost liiflden from the view of passers hy on the I'iver. It is one of the prettiest, if not tlir pretttiest ])laee in the I'rovinee, and persons in seareh of a <|niet retreat will lind a I'harm ahont it which is almost irresistihje. The climate is "Jiisi lovely" dnrin<^ the snnnner. There are l»ei>ntifnl drives in t-very direc- tion, and hoatinu; and hathinj,' may be indnl^u'cl in to yonr heart's content. The city is liLrhted with uas, and a ^(((mI wati'r supply is liein., contains many line juihlie hnildinj^s, chief anuMijj; wliieli arc the Parliament Unildinys, Cnstom ]Ionse and Post Oflice, Civ Hall, (Jovernment llonse, (l Jovernor's ]vesidence), several handsome chnrchcs — the Knylish Cathedral is esju'cially noticeable — and many b 'aiitifnl residences, with tastefully arran^'cd lawns and flower jiai'dens. Fredericton, nndcr the name of St. .Vnns, was foinidcd by .Jean Pierre l)anillo, a l-'rench Priest with nearly l()(» followers, about IT.'SH- 40; and was crowded with Acadian lefnjjees from ITAT to ITSl, when they were driven away by the Jjoyalists, In I7S0 it became, and has ever since remained, the capitalof the Province nnder its pi-esent name ; p ISSI, — il.lMS; from St. John, Sn, Sj m, f •'i^l.OO; (•_') J 2, D 1, (iS m, f .s-J.o:',. (iiil)s<»ii, at the month of the Xashwaak, opi)osite l-'redericton, was for many years the capital of Acadia nndei- ]"'rencli mle, and the scene of many of the Sipiabbles incident to the ''grab yame" for jtower dnring the early history of this countrv. The remains of Fort Nashwaak ai-e still to be seen, and relics oi' varions kinds are often i'onnd. One of the larj^est and best aii- poinled saw mills in N. B. is at Jfavj/srillc, L* m up the rivei-, and an extensive cotton mill is beinj;- built there. The buildings are to be of l;rick, w ith stone fomidations and trimmings — the stone, 2,000 yards, will beipiarried within half a mill' of the building ; the })ricks, 0,000,000, will be made within .''00 yards of it ; the l)oar(ls for floors, etc., will be sawn at the mills, not more llian a (piarter of a mile awav. The factory will have a capacitv of .■)0,000 spindles, aiwl l.KMt looms ; will'cost :rl,O0O,0()0, and employ l,000'hands. It is being built by Alex, (iibson, the "huuber king"of Xew l>runswick, and is an unaided |)rivate enterprise, (iibson is reached from St. John, Sn, S4 m, f 81 ; or by lail via Fredericton. Lake (wCorJi'O, on a bi-autiful lake of the same nanu'. There is a ver\ rich yl/(/////(>»// mine here ; iciiciied by private conveyance i'yom ]*riiirr ]\'illi(iiii, n station on the N. P>. Railway, (j"2) ; from St. John J 2, 72 m, f S2.10 Pokiock, (the "dreadfnl place"), on the St. John River, at the month of the JN)kiock. the outlet of Lake (Jeorge. Tin was discovered here many years ayo by Dr. ( Jesnei-, who made a geological snrvey of the I'rovince, but the exact locality is unknown. A company was organized in Woodstock, and duly inccu'iiorated, two <))■ three year;! siiu'c, to work the tin mine here, but they have not succeeded in linding it yet. There is a very ihie specimen of the ore in the Mechanics' Institute Musenm, St. John. The Pokiock Falh is a grand sight. The river, after a perpendi<'idar fall of -10 feet, enters a long, •narrow, rocky gorge, To feet deep atid 2o feet wiv nt 17:5s- cn llicy vr sine*.' -(1,-Jl.S; \v:\s l"(tr of niimy IK' early he sci'H, best ai»- ■X tensive lith stone tliin half »U yards e tlr.in a spindles, is heinj; id is an in, f!^i; Till-: :cv\ IM' h illuiiii, a iiontii of 1 1' many inee, bnt oek, and lere, but einien of ''"'tr//.'* is a a long, tremen- by stage m' either WOODS AND WOOD-WORKING INDUSTRIES OK NEW BRUNSWICK, ;•.,,•: Mi*n HY .lew, ■".■;.' u TRA CORXWALL, Jr. Aijeni General for the J'rovincf 0/ New lirun.Hwick; IN treating of tluH subject it is not our intention to enter into an exhaustive treatise, or attempt any scientific details. We will deal with the matter simply from a commercial point of view, and avail ourselves of the opinions of tiie best authorities we can eonnmind. Our readers will readily observe thai the general advantages of the Cities of St. John and Portland, as to location, harbour, climate, &c., will apply with equal force to this as to any other branch of manufacture. Cheap fuel, cheap living, ready and accessible markets being admitted, we must give some evidence of a sufficient supply of the raw material being available. Large portions of our Province are covered with forests of the most valu- able woods, which we enumerate fully in the following pages. Our supplies of the most important of these woods are practically exhaustless. The forests being intersected in almost all directions by rivers and streams, makes the transjiortation of the timber a question of bnt small expense. Once the log is cast upon the stream the process of lloating it, by stream-driving or rafting, to this point is easily and cheaply accomplished. Nearly all import- ant sections of the Province are intersected by railways, thus affording great facilities for transportation. The large number of saw mills now located here prove their successful com- petition with those locate Watei'loo s^ti'eet, Saiwt John, IN. B DKALKRS IN Spruce, Pine, and H£,rdwood Lumber, Shingles, L.ATHH, PiiCHETS, CLAPBOARDS. MHEATIIINO, Etc. LU !HKR Sawn to Order, any desired dimensions. Prices Low. LUMBER YARD, REED'S POINT, SAINT JOHN, N. B. 95 ■n « juac'o Wood Manufactufing Co. •' . (IT t ,1 ." . . I NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA, Have the Latest and Most Improved Machinery for MAXUFACTrRiNO i op every description, includin« the . • f ' (Shells and Sheaves Separately if required.) .;. . SPOOLS AND BOBBINS > ■ OF EVEUY SIZE AND KIND USKD BY I Cotton, Woollen and Flax Mills. SPOOLS FOR CORDAGE WORKS, ETC. Mop # Broom Handles, (HARD AND SOFT WOOD.) Being situated in the centre of a large Hardwood district, and huviiiK direct Rail- way communication with St. .John and Halifax, whence steamers run regularly to London and Liverpool, and having on hand a good stock of well-seasoned Birch, Spruce, and various other woods, the Owners are nowproparoU to handle, satisfactorily and at reasonable prices, any orders entrusted to them. The Managing Owners of the above businesi are GUY, BEVAN & CO., St. John, N. B.,who will quote prices and guarantee the quality of all work done. All further infor- mation can be obtained from them in St. John, or from Mr. IRA CORNWALL, Jr. -• Agent General of X. B., ^4 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, Eng. Or Messrs. GEO. GUY & CO. 113 Fen church Street, London, £. C. '1 iK/if U7 carriage to inland towns anywhere in England, commission to several — a score, for anything I know— intermediaries, in order that the BritiBh niater-familian may buy a dozen clothes- pegs for three half-pence, which is what my wife tells me she paid last. I never saw the boxes as imported, but I should imagine they would be large, and hold several hundreds each— thousands, may be. "Does not this give us an idea of the enormous quantity that must be turned out every year in the States? Just fancy what a lot must be consumed by fifty millions of people. Yet they are able to supply, not only their internal demand, but to send them to us by the million. Likely enough they will send them as well to some other European countries, though the demand there will not be so great as here, if only from the fact that the weekly wash is not such a national institution. "One cannot help thinking what has been, is, and will be, the eftect of this large importa- tion on the home-made article. If my recollection is to be trusted, the present clothes-peg View on the St. John Kiver. • ' "" did not make its appearance here till some twenty or twenty-dve years ago. Everybody who can look back so tar will remember that the clothes-peg to which he was accustomed was evidently a piece of a branch peeled, shaped, cut in two, and then bound together with two or three inches of tin, which were fastened by a bit of wire driven in. Such was what I may term the pre-Ainerican, or the antique cloihes-peg. " I cannot assert with confidence that this ancient style has disappeared, for I confess that I do not keep my eyes open purposely to study clothes-pegs. lUit this much may be allowed ; the antique is not prominent ; possibly it yet lingers in out-of-the-way and old-fashioned places. In the centres of civilization, however, it is conspicuous by its absence, its place seems to be taken by the modern article. This, as is well known, is all in a piece, and might be pronounced artistic, were it not evidently made in a machine, and therefore, according to Ruskin, an utter abomination." To show that the manufactnrei-s of the United States are becoming anxious about the supply of raw material, we may quote the following from one of their leading organs : 1)8 "The great pine forests of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are beginning to show the signs of exhuustiun. There is a sliortage of prodnction this vear in those States footing up about 600,000,000 feet. The average of first quality lumber has run down from 12 per cent, ten years ago to 2 per cent, last year, showing the rapid deterioration of stock which is brought to the mills. The quality of the lugs is much poorer than ever before, as many have been put in from land once cut over, and now lancf has been cleared of everything that will make a cull board. The improvident lumbermen, who in the past only cut the choice pine and left the remainder to be devastate 7 by fire, now saws down his trees close to the root to save an axe kerf, scrapes the earth with ii fine tooth rake to get every log that will make passable mill culls, and will discliargu a foreman that leaves un the ground a log six inches in diameter." That our neighbors are looking with envious eyes to our bountiful supplies of forests, may be gathered from the following article, taken from a leading daily paper published in New York City. In calling for free lumber, and while opposing tariff" reduction, it says: " The only justification for any further attempts at tariff legislation by the present Con- gress is, that it will afford a last chance to consider this year the removal of tne duty now collected upon imported lumber. The importance of this measure cannot be urged too often ufon the attention of Congress; too much cannot be said about the actual condition of all tl e northern forests of the United States. They are perishing rapidly, and, to some extent, needlessly. The collection of the duty upon lumber manufactured in Canada stimulates the desitruction of the forests of the United States, while it yields practically nothing to the revenues of the country. l"'or every dollar paid into the public treasury, on account of this duty, $2b are taken from th" pockets of A.merican consumers of American lumber, and paid to the few hundred men who manufacture pine and .spruce lumber, or deal in pine lands. Eveiy dollar thus obtained by the treasury costs the country, moreover, an incalculable sum through the unnecessary and wanton destruction of forests which, were this duty repealed, would be allowed to grow and improve. "The continuation of this duty means a great and unnecessary commercial upheaving such as this country has never seen. Congress can prevent, or at least p jstpone for a con- siderable period, these calamities by the removal of this duty. The necessity for doing this is urgent. Action eannot safely be delayed a single day longer. The exi^ermination of the northern forests of the United States should he postponed at any cost." Woodstock Wood- Working Go. WOODSTOCK, NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA. CAPITAL, $40,000.00. MANUKACTURIiKS OF Doors, Sashes, Mouldings, FIR BUTTER FIRKINS, AND ALL KINDS OF HOUSE FINISH. ALSO THE CKLKBRATED ' ' ' ' ' Estimates and all particulars can be obtained through IRA CORNWALL., Jr., Agent General 24 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, Eng. of Province of New Brunswick. 99 Following upon this we may quote some of th' innjents of tlie Canadian press, to show what our maniifacturerH think ol A\e situation, which will demonstrate that fear of exhatisting the supply does not form an important item for their consideration at ihe present time. The Monetary Times, of Toronto, says : — • . . " Canada has been called ' a wooden country.' How far fills la properly a term of reproach wo cannot say; but seeing that wood, in the raw stag(! of squarca lo^^s or lunibpr. forms S25,(M)0,00() worth, or say a fourth in value of our yearly exports, and that we send u. io<.d a considerable aggregate of manufaotuies of wood liosidi's, we may well bear the nick-name. Lci 1)3, however, eschew such wooden goods us wooden nutmegs 'or luinis. We ship to tsrs.A'j; Snake Krook Mountain, Miraniichi Kiver. Europe, already, tool-handles, broom-handles, c&rriage spokes, hubs and felloes, spools or bobbins, brush-backs, Ac, &r., in considerable quantity. We might do more in the way of wooden-ware export, and indeed it seems to u«s that, in this as in other lines, Canadian manufattturers will liavf to look about them fur foreign markets, since the means of produc- tion, over-stimulated as they have been, are outstripping the home demand." Tlie Times continues : — " Rut here are the facts : Great Britain and other European countries use enormous quantities of wooden gbods, and thev are largely made in the United States and shipped from Boston and New York. Why should not Canada, whose supplies of timber are nearer the ^ea-board, compete successfully? It can be done; but it is not to be done in a day. Nor is it to be done without observation and pains." The St. John Daily Telegraph says, after enumerating a long list of wooden wares that should he manufactured here : — 100 " We have not exaggerated the importance of cultivating the English market for our manufactured wood goods. Enough baa already been demonstrated to justify us in urging upon men of capital that they ought to take hold of the matter, and that they can do so with a good prospect of success. If ^'une portion of the hundreds of thousanlace us in a position to compete on the most favorable terms with al^ rivals, either acn-s.^ ihe line or in tile Upper Provinces; while a point of vital interest to capitalists is found in tlie unlimited demand for wood manufactures in Great Britain, and tlie extent and variety of the articles required, which guard against tlic possibility of over-production or excessive competition, thus ensuring a steady, remunerative dividend on -their investments." In urging the interests of tlie International P\)restry K.xhibition upon our manufacturers, the St. John Daily Globe says : — " We hope that our Province and our enterprising manufacturers will leave notiiing un- done to have New Brunswick well represented at the Kdinliurgh International Forestry Exhibition. In markets of the old world, like that of Liverpool, something is known of us by our spruce deals and our bireli timber; but to show what our woods are capable of we should, to the very fullest extent, take advantage of this Forestry Exhibition. Doubtless, if persons in the old world, who are wood workers, are made aware of the capacity of our native woods lor economic purpos^es, tliey would use ihem more than they do now." MANITFACTURER.S OK , Tkadk .supplied in any quantities. Quality guaranteed. " Samples, Prices, itc, can be sei-n at otiice of 24 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, Eug. IRA CORNWALL,, Jr., Agent General of Province of New Brunswick. NORTH POLE REFRIGERATOR AND FREEZER For Butchers, Grocers, Hotels, Milk Rooms, Faniilies, £tc. !Econouiical ; £asily Manaj^ed. 4Q~ The Coldest and Dryest Atmosphere of any Refrigerator made. Price Lists and Testimonials on application. ^^j jjk f^iw* /% ^^ jy* "•^-.''' 'I 34 and 36 Dock Street, Saint John, N. B. The "WEEICXj"Z" ^WCDTIXJD ANn THE SEMI- WEEKLY WORLD, Published at CHATHAM, N. B., have the Largest Circulation of any papers published on the North Shore. An Advertisement in both editions reaches every reading man in North- umberland, Restigouche, Kent, and Gloucester Counties. J. L. STEWART, Editor and Proprietor. "T 101 ~ — -^^— - I I ii The following list comprines the lead- ing varieties of woods which are most plentiful in our forests and most valuable for manufacturing and export : White, Red and Gray Oak ; llock (or Stigar), Birdseye, Curley and White Maple ; Black, White, Yellow, Gray and Red Birch ; White and Red Beech ; Red and White (or Forest and Intervale) Elm ; Black, White and Red Ash ; Butternut ; Chestnut ; Hornbeam (or Ironwood) ; Basswood ; Aspen and Balsam Poplars ; White, Red and Princess Pine; Black and White Spruce ; Tamarac (also called Larch, Haematic or Juniper) ; Cedar and Hemlock. The uses of these are almost innumer- able, but we may venture to name a limited number of the purposes they are now princi|);illy utilized for and manu- factories for which are established in this Province. They are as follows : Build- ing materials for both outside and inside finish ; shipbiiilding, from the hull to the spars; agricultural and horticultural im- plements; waggons, carriages, sleighs; packing, salt, fish, and other boxes ; tubs, pails, churns ; step-ladders ; furniture of all kinds ; broom, hoe, pick, edge tool, and other handles ; cloihes-wringers, ; washboards, clothes and towel horses ; i bench screws ; Venetian Idinds and slats ; cloth boards and rollers ; bobbins, spools ; ships' blocks ; coopers' work of all kinds ; boot and shoe lasts, trees and crimps ; musical instruments ; railway ties ; carving and turned work ; wood pulp. In fact the varieties of wood hav- ing the properties of elasticity, toughness and durability are such that they are adaptable to almost all purposes where wood is required. Having shown our readers what our woods are, and their adaptability, we will now endeavor to show the splendid open- ing there is for the introduction of both capital and labour from the old country to develop this branch of business, and the reasons why our manufactures have not been more generally introduced in foreign markets. In the first place, the facilities for manufacturing have not been more than sufticient for home consump- tion. Several of our manufacturers have 102 lat our we will id open- of both country ess, and es have uced in ace, the lot been >nsiimp- sr& have from time to time placed some of their surplus stock in foreign markets, but for want of proper management, and through their eflbrts being spasmodic rather than studied, they have not succeedecl. In every case where tlie wants of the market have been known and the eflorts of the manufacturers have been systematic, they have succeeded beyond their ex[)ectation. In every case they hold their own against all competitors, and are doing all the business they have facilities for. It having now been arranged for this Province to have a representative in the English market, it ^will give them advantages which have not previously been atforded. It is the intention of the Agent General of the Province to devote his per- sonal attention to this branch of trade, and the majority of the manufacturers acting with him will enable him to do so at a very trifling cost to either manufacturer, dealer or consumer. A writer in a prominent English paper recently undertook to discourage the entering of New Rrunswickers into the English market, and implied that there was not room ; that we could not compete, &c., and also stated we were looking forward to an unoccui)ied market, as if we could expect the market has been standing all these years waiting for us to supply their wants. No, we anticipate the most keen competition and are jjrepared for it. We have unexcelled facilities, and it is the intention of our manufacturers to so enter the market that they will hold it. Their intention is to so work together that nothing but first-class, properly seasoned material, and the best workmanship shall enter any foreign market. It will be their pride to establish a reputation such as will insure the sale of any- thing having the " New Bruns- wick " brand upon it. In'order more fullv to illustrate the progress^ now being made in this Province, we give a short description of some representative manufactories in several branches of the wood-working industries. First in importance from location, facilities and variety of manufac- tures, we may mention the Quaco Wood Manufacturing Company of Henry's Lake, St. John County, N. B. From their advertisement Centenary Church, St. John. upon page 97 some idea can be formed of the complicated machinery required to turn out the various articles which they offer for sale. The illustration of their buildings upon page 105 clearly shows the magnitude of their works. Under the management of Messrs. Guy, Bevan & Co., of St. John, N. B., and London, England, this^Company have the advantage of the guidance of one of our oldest and most practically experienced mill-owners and timber and lumber exporters. Having ample capital for the requirements of their trade, they are developing a branch of manufacture which is destined to be oi vast importance to the Province. They are now largely supplying local con- sumption as well as exporting considerable quantities of their manufactures to the United States and European markets. The works being situated upon the margin of a large body of water, the banks of which are lined with 103 forestH of Beech, Hircli, Maple, and other vahiable wocmIh, renders the raw material most accesHihIe, and storinj; and Heasoninj? easily accomplished. The larj^o resources of the C'ornpany enahles them to hold ample stocks of timber for seasoning, and assures their always being prepared to till large orders iipcm short notice. It also enable them to oj)erate their works both winter jmkI summer. For the more thorough seasonmg of the wood a largo dry house or kiln hius been erected, where all such material as rcipiires it is subjected to artificial heat after the most ap[>roved method, thus insuring the use of the most durable and {>ro|HTly cured material. ■<■' ■ ••>'• St. David's Churcli, St. John. 'l' •' • Another advantage peculiar to the woods used by the Company is their growth upon the hills and mountain sides, which gives them a much closer grain and harder texture than those grown upon low lands. Their facilities for shif)ment of their manufactures are excellent. The St. Martins and Upham Railway Conipany have a depot in the grounds of the Company, affording direct communication with the excellent harbor at St. Martins, some six miles distant, also with St. John (45 miles), Halifax (278 miles), and all parts of the Continent. Another more direct line of railway is 104 their closer :he St. 1 of the at St. IX (278 Iway is also projected, as shown upon the map, wliicli will add niiitcrially to their facilities. The variety of articles nianiilactiiifd is siicli that every portion of the tini- her is ntili/cd. Thr whole (»t' the work hein^ done upon the pretnises, from cutting up the timher to the last detail of manufacture, enables them to sell their productions at the lowest prices. l"'urther comment upon the [irospects of this Company is unnecessary, hut as a nnmher of settlers from the old country are anionj; the operatives in these works it may interest others to know how their eountrvmen are situated. The ('omi>any employ mdy the hest class of lal)iir, anelnu the chief market town for one ol" the largest and most productive agricultural aiul fruit-grow- ing distri(.'ts in the Provim-e, gives it a valuable local market for all classes of products. The wood-working comiiany located here manufactures articles of rather a diflL-rent (character from tho'-e turned out by Lhe "(^naco C'oinpany," as will be seen by referring u) their advertisenu'nt on page 9om us or at the office of IRA COK: >. WAL .., Jr., Agent General 24 Clvapcl Walks,*Liverpool, Eng. For New Brunswick. EDMUND G. KAYE, Barrister and Attorney-at-Law, isrox-A.rt^z' FtrBLio, etc. , ROOM 8, PUG8LEY BUILDING, PRINCE WILLIAM ST., SAINT JOHN, N. B. 106 N.B., as one tuated cl con- of the 1 11 soon (led on n'h are market t-grow- asses of icles of ipany," H- pains est and r nianu- liniited. ,ed both ities for creasing Province ■ details v' part of thev are ANING, md Ships or export. Is, Towel Export. neral unHwick. IN. N. B. T* FINLAT MANUKACTURER AN'I) IMI'OKTKtt OK FINE SADDLERY AND HARNESS, Horse Olotliing, Whips, 15 Charlotte Street, Saint John, N. B. CONNELLS LIVERY AND BOARDING STABLES, SikjSlfeeUUohnJ.B. HORSES BOARDED "^1 On K(!ii.soiiabl" Tcniis. Horses and Car- 5^;^ riiiKes on hire. Fine Outfits ;it Short Notice. DAVIS) CONNKLL. I Tliere are many establishments throughout the Province \vlu)se facilities ius to machinery, &c., are ample for large expansion of their business, l)ut are \ hampered for want of capital to control the large stocks of raw material which they require to constantly hold on hand. Many factoi-ies now in the hands of men of known integrity, thorough knowledge of their business, good man- agers, offer some splendid openings for the investment of more capital where experience is not required. Outside, however, of those factories now in exist- ence there are openings in almost every line of wood working where experience in almost every branch can be utilized most profitably, and where cajjital can find most safe and remunerative investment. Wood workers in the old world will do well to consider tlie advantages we have here. They cannot fail to see that if they are doing well at home, with their exfjcrience they would do better here. They have the same access to the old markets from here and many new ones open ; much of the raw material now lost to them can be utilized ; better material is at hand ; climatic influences favor them in every way. The best of wood-working machinery is obtainable here. Now is the time to make your choice, and you cannot find a more favorable place than the Province of New Brunswick, Dominion of Canada. Any further information regarding the timber interests and wood working industries of the Province will be most cheerfully furnished upon application either personally or by letter to IRA CORNAVALL, JR., Agent General for Province of New Brunswick. 34 Chapel Walks, Liiverpool, England. ■- \ ' ,' ' Full information regarding the forest trees and timber interests of the whole Dominion can be obtained by remitting 12^ cents (6^ sterling) to H. B. Small, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada, for a copy of his book upon the subject. 107 PUnLlKlIKD BY THE SUN PUBLISHING COMPANY, Every Morning (except Sunday), at their STEAM PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT. Canterbury Street, St. John, N. B. Terms: $5 a Year. $2.50 for Six Months; !f;i.30 for Three Months. Single Copies, Two Cents. The "Weekly Sun — 8 pages — .$1.00 per year. THE ST. JOHN GLOBE, AN EVENING DAILY NEWSPAPER. INDEPENDENT LIBERAL IN POLITICS. SXJBSCR.IPTI03V PITICE, #r> A. YEAR. THE WEEHLY GLOI Contains all the important matter in the Daily Paper, and is published at $1 per year. Both papers are excellent advertising mediums. ELLIS, ROBERTSON & CO., Proprietors. TMi: I>AII.Y VSIiKG^RAPH Sti'.i rotains the position it has always held, as the Foremost Daily Newspaper in the Maritime Provinces. Latest news by Telegraph and Mail. Full ^farket and Stock Exchange Reports. Latest Ship News. Political, Parliamentary, Legislative, Legal, Municipal News, and General Intelligence from Special Correspondents in every Town and Village of New Brunswick, and the principal centres of the Dominion. A special letter of latest news by Cable every Monday from the Old Country. A Sermon by Rev. Dr. Talmage every Saturday, reported specially for the Telegraph. THi: irSSKIiY TSriSCi^RAPII Is the most popular and widely circulated Newspajjcr in Canada, east of Montreal. Each issue contains a special Cable Letter. Full budget ot news of the week, foreign and domestic, by Mail and Telegraph. Parliamentary, Legislative, and Municipal Proceedings, Ac. Ser- mon by Rev. Dr. Talmage. A Complete Story. Market and Shipping Reports. Farm and Household matter. Fashion Notes, and a literary review selected from the daily edition, together with iCditorial matter. The best family paper. The best Advertising Medium in the Maritime Provinces. ■Subscription, in advance— Daily edition, 85 a year. Weekly edition, Sl."®ft JOHN W. GILiMOB, Manager, St. John, New Brunswick. lAIft. K in the . Latest I General unswick, raph. b. Each loraestic, i.c. Ser- irm iuid edition, ices. gwiCK. LOCAL TIMES ■I AT S DIFFERENT PLACES | WHEN IT tS S Noon at St. John. I Albany, N.Y., 11.2!) i Atlauta,(Ja.,..10.4()i Bangor, Me., 11.481 Boston, Mfiss. 11.40 i Burlington,... ll.'U j Baltimore,.... 11.18 i Buffalo, N.Y., 11.08; Concord, Il.;i8; Chicago, 111.,.. 10.28 i Charleston,... 11.04 i Cincinnati,... 10.40 i Cleveland, O., 10.^7 i C'town, P.K.I. 12.14 i Cheyenne 0.20 i Carson City,.. 8.80 i Detroit, 10.52; Denver, Col.,.. 9.25 ■ DesMoines,... 10.09; Fredericton,. ll..')C> i Clalvcston, 10.05 i Hartford, 11.83; Havana, Cu., 10.54 i Halifax, N.S., 12.10 i Hamilton, 11.05 j Indianapolis, 10.10 j Jersey City... 11.18! Kansas City, 10.04 i London, Eng. 4.24 i Louisville 10.41 i Montreal, 11.80 i Mexico, 9.48 i Memphis, 10.54 i Moncton, 12.041 ^Mobile, Ala., 10.28 i Milwaukee,... 10 821 Newport, 11.8ss.; ■si»i»,i whereas the riiivif^iition of the (rulf and River St. Lawrence was attendtMl with many (iilHculties ami danurers, and the River was frozen up nearly seven months of the year. They granted the St. Andrews (Sc Qnehec Company £10.000 to defray the cost of the second survey of their line; they also expended £1G,00() in the survey of tiie intercolonial. It may be stated in passing liat both of these lines, as originally projected, were to have been laid with u'oodfii rails. There are several projects for connecting the railway system of New Bruns- wick with that of Quebec; each has its own peculiar advantages, but which will be the route decided upon is a cpiestion involved in a very considerable amount of doubt and jxiiitical intrigue. If the (piesticm was to be decided upon the merits of the rival routes, the " Megantic " would be awarded the preference. It is the shortest and most direct line to either Montreal or Quebec; only a short section of road would be required to be built to con- nect existing roads, and with St. John as its seaport, it would command the greater portion of the import and export trade of the Dominion. There are two great railway systems in the Province — the "New Bruns- wick " and the " Intercolonial," — supplementary to each other however, and forming one grand system. The '* New Brunswick Railway " system comprises the old Western Extension, lately known as the St. John & Maine Railway, from St. John to Vanceboro, Me., 92 miles ; the Fredericton Railway, from Fredericton Junction to the Capital, 2*2 miles ; the New Brunswick and Canada, from St. Andrews and St. Stephen to Woodstock, N. B., and Houlton, Me., 128 miles ; the original New Brunswick Railway, from (Jibson, opposite Fredericton, to Kdmundston, 170 miles; the Aroostook Railway, from Aroostook to Presque Isle, Me., 34 miles, or a total of 440 miles. Speed, comfort and safety are the watchwords of the managers of this net- work of railways. The line is thoroughly well ballasted tliroughout; steel rails and iron bridges are the rule; the cars are handsomely fitted, their heat- ing, ventilation, and lighting, of the best. Pullman Parlor and Sleeping Cars, — those luxurious necessities of American railway travel, — are run on all m^^j^a^scsti-jisM^v^^ , --^-^h -• •••L'ijB ii^i>i:— ••■ ■■■■■- •-^i^.J^'gg^ - • n tg 'Mk: j: 1CMJV: attna m *i=<^ifeijW'iauaiWauaa4SaaU*IaSJU^ 3WIfc»0IN« ^S'l-ES -■i^l Xv^i ;-E;S OHflliDnNlSHlMD' iBi^^^l IC^I^ \\r/Aa/'f'f ■w ; 'l Walks, Livt-rpool. Eng. \V.\i ri-.R It. Ai,i,AN. ALLAN BROTHERS, MANrFA(TlKi:i ■ ^'JM 4 1 f\\fc.S.1.^.--=E== 1828. EsTAiu,isiri;i) 18'2>s. Of- (FOHMEKLV HaHRIS & Am,AN) PARADISE ROW, PORTLAND, SAINT JOHN, N. B. New Brunswick Foundry and Railway Car Works, Paradise Row. Retail Warerooms, 25 Water Street. Portland Rolling Mill, Strait Shore, MANUFACTfRICRS OF RAILWAY CARS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, Chilled Car Wheels, Washburn "Peerless" Steel-Tyred Car Wheels, Steam ' Engines of all kinds, Mill Machinery, Lowell Turbine Water Wheels, Ship Castings and Castings of all kinds, Ship Pumps, Hall, Parlor and Cook Stoves, Ship's Iron Knees, Hammered Car Axles, Hammered Shaft- ing and Sliapes, Nail Plate, Railway Fish-Plates. Pill CIIIICIL WWB FlilE, Suitable for fine NEWS, BOOK and WRITINCJ PAPERS, (Dry in Rolls), inanufac- turi.'(i and for sale by Lincoln Pulp and Paper Company, ST. JOHN, New Brunswick, Canada, and LINCOLN, Maine, United States. For Samples and Prices in Ensland, apply to IRA CORNWALL, Jr., A(iT. (Jkneral Pro- vince of New lirunswiclf, 24 Chapel Wallcs, Liverpool ; and in America, (St. John, N. V>., and Lincoln, Maine. Wm. E. Vkoom, Treasurer; J. H. MiAvity, President. Stations are neat and conifortable, and the employes attentive to their duties and courteous to the patrons of the road. The main line runs from Halifax to Qnel)ec (687 miles), connecting at Windsor Juucfion with the Windsor and Annaimlis Railway ; at Truro, with a branch line >)r Pictou ; at Spring Hill, with the Cumberland Uailway for Parrsboro ; at Painsec Junction, with the line from St. John to Point du Chene; at Kent Junction, with the Kent Railway for Richil)ucto; at ("hatiiam Junction, with line to Chatham ; at Dalhousie, with line to L)alhousie, and at Pt. Levis, opposite Quebec, with railways to all points in Canada and the United States. The line from St. Jolin to Point du Chene (107 miles) is the oldest, best l)uilt, and best paying section of the Intercolonial. It was built by the Province and transferred to the Dominion Government at Confedera- tion. Tlie first sod was turned September 10th, 1853; the iirst train was placed on the road 17th March, 1857, and tlie first train through to Moncton on the 18th July, 1860. The line connects at IIami)ton with tlie St. Martins & Upham Railway for St. Martins ; at Petitcodiac, with a branch line to Elgin ; at Salisbury, with the Albert Railway for Hopc'well, and at Point du Chene with steamers for Prince Edward Island. The total mileage of the Intercolonial is 846 miles, 335 of which is in New Brunswick, and 191 in Nova Scotia, The mileage of the connecting lines in New Brunswick (133) and Nova Scotia (295) added brings the total of the Intercolonial system up to 1,274 miles, 36 per cent, of which, or 460 miles, is in this Province. The total railway mileage of the Province is 996 miles — one mile of road for every 325 inhabitants ! The lines projected, or under construction, will in- crease the mileage of the Province about fifty per cent. TABLE miowiNo The Dates of Opening 5 and Closing of Navi- s gatiou on the : \ John i River. 1 Year Opened, s Closed. 1 1825, Apr. 15, Nov. 20 182(i, •' 17, II 14 1827, " «, Dec. :5 19 1828, " 20, Nov. 18211, " 17, Di'o. 15 18:{(», " 18, Nov. 29 18;{1, " 10, Dec. 1 1882, May :5, Nov. 15 I8:j:i, Apr. 10, (t 5 18:54, " 11, (( 17 iH:$r), May 1, (. 28 IS.T), Apr. 28, (( 14 18:57, " 17, (( 9 18:58, May 1, t> 25 1h;«i, Apr. 2:5, (( 2:5 1840, " 1.;, (• 2:5 1841, " 27, f* 27 1842, " 24, a 22 184:5, " 2(), a 14 1841, " 14, ft 22 184"), " 2li, Dec. 4 184(), " , Apr. 27, Nov 20 5 18.')r-, " 25, II 15 s 18,-,7, " 17, 11 20 s 1858, " '>0 II 11 s 185!), " 1.".; II 2:5 s 18(i(), " 25, It 20 = 18(!1, " 18, Dec. '> s 1S()2, " 24, Nov 255 18(;:S, " 2(i, (( 20 S 18(34, " 21, U 25 5 1805, " 1, U 27 S lS()ii, " 10, n/, and 1 uneer- Act in i :er boat, ition be- the ex- Jobn to 1 :)ute for > ween St. i fore the i 3ok, and ^ he com- • a prime j ! present i twenty Dodboats 3r traffic ] jbeccasis ' )ck and ton dur- lers, and ohn and •e small e, how- )y men mailer lave a onstr ne- ver and and one between een the on the naviga- nted, or eption- )le fogs gloom ; barren md less \ han on any other of the world's water ways having the same amount of traffic I Kven the small sailing craft which plied between St. John, Boston and New York and tlie ports of Xova Scotia, before the introduction of steamers, made their trips with regularity and despatch. The Intel-national Steamsliip Company have done the carrying business between St. John and Boston f»tr nearly thirty years (their boats makinj from two to four trips per week each way, and carrying from two himdred to six hundred passengers per trip), yet during all this time they have never lost a passenger an SLEIGHS ( KHOM THE LATICST (^UKSKiNS, COMl'KISING COACHES. BAROUCHES OARKYALLS, PII.KTONS, Extension-Top SIDK KAKS, COJJCOUDS, COllPKS, SULKIES, and Liglit Trotting &otlierWugons of all descriptions. We also have on hani and make to order. Farm Wagons, Slovens, (Jarts, Wheelbarrows, STEAMBOAT TRUCKS, SHOP TRUCKS AND SLEDS. Illustrated Catalogues on application. Price Lists, £tc., furnished by IKA CORNWAIiL, Jr., Ageut General for New Brunswick, 24 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, Eng. 117 »> ;i The FiirncHH Line ()r.Stoiitiisliii)s (referred to on pa^e 19) is ^'rowing rapidly in public favor, and in destined lo become one of the institutions of the port. The northern purts of the Province are well supplied with steam communi- cation with I'lince Iviward Island, Nova Scotia, and the ports along the Uulf and River St. Lawrence. It will he seen from the fore^oint!; sketch of our railway and steamboat lines that nearly every portion of the Province may be easily and (piickly reached, and that the facilities for either pleasure or business (ravel are very great. The stage lines, which penetrate the bye-places of tlu* I'rovince, are literally " one-horse afllurs," well suited to the re(|uirements of drummers and fisher- men, the two hardiest, most enterprising a. id fatigue-despising races of men. THE ATTRACTIONS of the I'rovince of New lirunswick are very great, the drawbacks few and insignilicant. The lover of nature will find here an endless variety of hill and dale, of broad level j)lains aiid bare rugged mountains, of rivers and lake^ and streams, l>abl)ling brooks, glittering like silvei- threads in the sunlight, and the noble river, flowing on peaiefully toward the mighty ocean, and anon plun- ging with sullen roar and mighty grandeur down some deep dark gorge, whose rocky, sjiray-washed sides, reeking with ooze, hang trembling over the angry waves ; and trackless forests, whose dim-aisled shades have never echoed the ring of the vvoodnuxn's axe, or heard the short, sharp crack of the hunter's rifle. The many-hued autumnal foliage of our forest trees has been the theme of ma:iy a poet and artist. Here are the haunts of the moose, the bear, the deer, and many other varieties of game, feathered and fur-bearing. Salmon, trout and other game fishes are abundant and practically free to all.'"' Here, also, the civilization and progress of the nineteenth century clasps hands with the "Acadian" simplicity and primitive habits of the seventeenth century ; and the mythological legends of the vast tribes of Indians who peopled the wilds of America "many, many moons ago" still cluster around many localities. Hut few living relics of these tribes remain (1401, according to the census of 1881), and they are sadly disfigured by time and rough usage. The advantages and attractions of the Province for the farmer, the mechanic, the manufacturer and the business man are pretty fully dealt with in the Introduction to this work ; tourists, pleasure-seekers and others will find on pages 73 to 88 descriptions of the i)rincipal towns, with the population, lead- ing business, or scenic attraction of each, with the route,! distance and fare from St. John to each place. I — *See Fish and Garao Laws. Full information regarding tho best fishing and shooting grounds of the Province will be gladly furnished by Mr. .T. Dalzell, St. Jobn, N. B., an authority upon such matters. INDEX RAILWAYS AND STEAMBOATS. fThe railway lines are designated by a capital letter thus : — G.— Intercolonial Railway ; Gl, G3, G3, etc., indicate diflerent sections of that line, so also with the other railways ; S stands for steamboat, the small letter following it indicating the line. Stage lines are indicated thus : *2, *3, etc. These letters are placed on the Time Table of the various lines and used as an index thereto, i^s [follows : — G.— Intercolonial Railway. Gl.— St. .Tohn to Halifax.| G7.— Moncton to Quebec. Branch Lines and Connecting Roads of the Intercolonial. G2.— Point du Chene Branch Painsec Junction to Point du Chene. A.— Albert Ry., Salisbury to Hopewell. B.— Chatham Ry., Chatham Junct. to Chatham. C— Elgin Ry., Petitcodiac to Elgin. M.— St. Martins Ry., Hampton to St. Martins. 118 i^r nii)i(lly tlu' jtort. ■orntiuitii- ; tlu! Gulf bout lines ' readied, jrrvat. J literally nd fisher- of men. I few and ty of hill :ind lakes liu;lit, and lion plun- •jXC, whose the anj^M'v (hoed the ' hunter's been the noose, the i--bearipg. Be to all.'^ ;ry clasps venteenth ians who M' around according gh usage, iiechanic, h in the find on ion, lead- and fare d shooting , N. «., an lat line, so indicating 1 the Time at ham. 'tins. •I.— N«'\v ItruiiHwick Ktiilway. J/8.— Rt, .John to .McAdain Junction. tI4.— .MiAii ni .luictloii to .St. Andrews. J7.— McAdani to WondHt(!ok. .!«.— Do. St. Stc|»h1. — Frodeiiclon Mram-h Frodi'rirlon .Iiinction to Kredfricton. Kl.— Gniiul SoiiIIkm'ii RaiUvtiy. .St. .loiin to St. .S(oplicii. STEAMBOATS. Sh. — Frontier SteanihoHl Co. lOaatport, .St. Andrews and .St. Stephen. SI.— International S. .s. Co. St. .John. Jla'^tport, i'ortlund and Boston. SI.— .Str, l-bi.shhuj, St. .loiui, (id. Manaii, i^a.sfport, ('ampolu'llo, St. Andrews and St. .Stephen. Sn.— Union Line. .St. John and I'redericton. ^u.—May (Inecn. St. John and (irand Lake. Sp. — Soulanyeit. St. John and Wiishadeinnak. The following tours from St. John embrace all of the most prominent towns in the Province : — Itoiitc 1. — (irand Sontliorn IJailway to St. (ieorgo (see page 7")) and St. Sleplien (7.")). The Magaguadnvlo I alls, Lake I'fopia and the < iraiiite tiiiarries and works at St.CJeorge; and the mills. I'aetorit s, etc., at MiU'divu, two inile.s ahove St. Steplicn, are worth visiting. New Hrunswick Itailway, from St. Stephen to Mc.Vdam Junction— where a tedious delay and a good dinner arc surc-Caiiterl)ury (.S7), Woodstock (7:t), .\ndover (S2), tirand Falls (8tj), and Ixlmundston (77). (irand Lake, IH miles from Canterbury, between New Hruns- wick and Maine, is a famous lishiiig resort. The Lake is 21 miles long, from 1 to 4 miles wide, and well stocked with trout of large size. A trip up th(( Tobiciuc from .Vndover would be a pleasant variation of the route, (hand Falls cannot b;- described ; it must be .seen and hiard to be appreciated. The return trip, from (irand Falls to Woodstock and I'redericton, should be made by steamer, if possible. The N. li. Hallway runs along tlie east bank, and in full view of the river for the greater jtart of the way. Fredcricton (H8) the traveller will be loth to leave; two or three days may be pleasantly spent in visiting tlie public buildings. Ciibson, on the other siilo of the Kiver, will demand considerable tinje and attention. Fredcricton boastsof two tirsl-class hotels — the " Barker" and"(,iuecn," iiofcd for their cuisine — wliosc management and tjeneral e(iuipment are unsurpassed east of Boston. (See '2nd page of (;over.) Fredcricton is the best point from wbicn to reach the head waters of the Miramichi. Fredcricton to St. John bv "Union Line" steamer; passing Oromocto (81), .Sheffield (8'2), Maugerville (81), (!a'.^etown" (80), Westlield (77), etc. The sail down the River is delightful. Numerous tlat, grassy islands dot the broad bosom of tlic river, and broad alluvial plains are seen on either liand. The gracrful, drooplng-branchcd elms, s(!attered over plains and islands, give a weird beauty to the scene. Sixty miles down the islands disappear, the banks lieoome steep and higli, and the river assumes the appearance of a lake. Long Ki'ach, a broad, straight expanse of the Hiviir, Ki miles long, I to '•> miles wide; Grand Bay and Keunebeccasis Bay are passed over only too quickly. Boar's Head and (ireen Head (sei lew) form the jaws of the "Narrows"— a rocky gorge, about a mile long, with perpendicular walls of limestone, througli which the river empties into the basin above the Falls at Indiantown (40), the terminus of our trip. Route 3. — New Brunswick Railway to Fredericton, (iibson, Woodstock, (irand Falls and Edmund.ston. Returning via McAdam to St Stephen ; Frontier I^inc to St. Andrews (74), Eastport, Me.; International S.S. Line to St. John. Route 3. — New Brunswick Railway to McAdam, AV'oodstock, etc. ; returning as in Route 1 or 2. Route 4. — Intercolonial Railway to Hampton (76), Sussex (77), Fetiticodiac (87), Salisbury (87), Moncton (87), Painsec Junction (87), Shediac (87), and Point du Chene (87). A pleasant side trip to St. Martins (81) may be made from Hampton. At Sussex the traveller will be in the heart of the finest agricultural section of the Province. The Manganese Mines at Markhamville (77) can be easily reached from here. Connection is made at Salisbury with railway for Hillsboro. Persons wishing to visit P. E. Island will take steamer at Point du Chene for Summerside, returning same way, or via Pictou, N. S., to Sackville (87),— crossing the great Tantramar Marsh,— Dorchester (89), Memramcook, Painsec, Moncton, etc. Route 5.— I. C. R. to Moncton, Kent Junction— branch to Richibucto (70), Chatham Junction — branch to Chatham (78), Bathurst (7.^5), Dalhousie (80), Campbellton (80), Metapedia (80), and Quebec. Return same way, or by steamer to Point du Chene. _ THOS. COOK & SON, (ESTAHLLSHICD 1811) 261 Broadway New York; Ludgate Circus, London; NOni @ IMR' Issue tickets by all the Chief Railway and Steamox L,ines for travel in AMERICA, EUUOPE. and all parts of the IJlobe, in many castas at reduced rates. Cook's Excursionist, published Monthly, with Maps, 10 cts. 97 Prince William Street, St. John, N. B. Close Seasons in New Brunswick. i MOOSE, CARIHor AND DKKR — From Ist February till 1st AujCfiist ; penalty »10 to SOO. Himting with Dojis forbidden -- penalty ??2() — and any one may Idll dogs chasing such game. Not more tlum Tliree Moose, Five Caribou or Deir sliall be killed by any hunting party, no matter how many persons compose the party, in one season, and the desh must be carried out of the woods within Ten Days after the killing. ; PAKTRLDOKS — from l»t March till aoth September. AVoodcoek, Plover and Snipe — from 1st March to 15th Aujj^ust, Ducks and Geese — from 15th May to Sei)teiiiber 5th. SALiMON- from 15th September to 1st March. Trout — from Ist October to 1st January. LiICENSKS, Etc. — Non-residents, forhunting, S20 per year from Ist September; Officers in Her Majesty's Service, >f') per year. No license required for tishlng, but as most of the Salmon Streaiiiis are leased, fishing permits are required from the Lessees. The usual charge is 11 per rod per day. Trout fishing free to all, except on a few lakes near St. John, privi- leges for which can b,' easily obtained. Flsiiing and hunting from Sunset on Saturday night till Sunrise Monday morning strictly prohibited. For further information apply to i J. deWOLF SPIIUR. Chief Game Commissioner, St. John, N. B. j - i Interc oloiiiiil liailway City Passenger Office, 97 PRINCE WILLIAM STREET, SAINT JOHN, N. B. | Tickets to all i)oints on the Line of th'.- I. C. R. and Connections. Rates same as at Depot. TOURISTS' ROlTNI> TRIP TICKIiTS to all the chief watering places and pleasure resorts in Canada and the United States at Reduced Rates. Pullman Car Rkkths Sold at Tins Offuk. GEO. PHILPS, Ag^ent. 1st Prize for SALMON and TROUT RODS and FLIES At thk Dominion Exhibition, St. John, N. B. TUP TIAT 7PT I RnTl Unecjualled for strength, lightness and durability, for *I*M l/AU£lulJIJ ItVl/y casting power and quickness of recovery — a ten foot rod doing as much work as a 12 foot rod by any other maker. Tyr ITfQi Having had many years experience as a sportsman and in the manufacture of * llllilO. Trout and Salmon Files, I am prepared to supply my customers with full and reliable information regarding the best localities and seasons for I'ishiug or Shooting in these Provinces, and also with the Flies best suited to these waters. Rods, Flies, Casting liines, !Etc., in stock or made to order at short notice. JOSEPH DAIiZFL.L., 57 Germain Street, St. John, N. B. Samples can be seen at the office of IRA CORNWALL, Jr., 24 Chapel Walks, Liverpool, Eng_ 120 indon; [EKICA, ites. ps, 10 cts. rwm N. B. lars. : ix'iialty SIO may kill dogs 11 be killed by season, and the 5, Plover and i loth May to i it October to jniber; Olfieers as most of the | ho usual charge i 5t. John, privi- ! Saturday night i PPV to ^ I I, N. B. :'■ ' ■ r Office, I. s same as at 'ing places and S, A^ent. 1 FLIES I durability, for sry — a ten foot manufacture of 3mer8 with full iu^ or Shooting ods, Files, T 1 ohn, N. B. , Liverpool, Eng^ / ■^1' .i'^ mmM, ^ ■ r-y-— « -M- i'-^ ■%.. :% ■Jiri$' 55 60 yO j40 r .0 V '^F\l ^■■, ?^1y^ % '.'<^ Vw^l :li T kV > ^'• \ N V7 ;^> ^' r-T / /"^'V^ i»r\ PL°'/-'^,J^< '•«■; ..vl**. :-^ «ulV»^ .5,« >> i«»*^5 ^ t' •A ,b"" 'r-j \'*^^ Alt' T) i{»«t'(oii, .ITa.ss., usual ,0; /-' ^ t«6. X Jif'e^ 60 \ "\) r^ ^ ---V er*. 'v*?r^J ^!^ i)ista:V(;es from st.^( \EW HI V «™.* ^\S ~>^ V«f Ky \^ %s-kalthf *->^ funswio ,i\( etc.. V W-^ ,A. Inte*ational SWami? ■i\\\)o rioar, ib'lanoL usual sail ucc, ^'foiiiiafaiKl, ( aiV "^'Htl^ \o\' a >ic( Cuba, usxal saiiW '"ijj Halira^, Nova S<'^ do. r-' 3loni;i tfrUDSv »'*.v: GC .^^ rvN.* r^4 f^ r pnal Steamers; P<). via Bay Steaih^ au4Ci Moni^iv [yid AimiipolTs Ry.,.. IJM •-•70 .-e^-i i^ /'I)«; J ^%. -'^i., i.41 -M, ,^cK^i V(»rk, I". S. A.i ''v Wii 1'' A Yokohama (JAPAN) to Pott Simpson do do " Port Moody I Burraid InMI do do " S»» Francvsco ■ San Francisco " New York do do "Montreal - Burrard Inlet ■ " do . Pen Simpson 'do . . Sl.Johns (N«d I • Cape Clear do do " Tory Island y Is Montreal " Quebec (River St. Lawrence) ■ pe r Belie Isle . " Que . '■ Cap Racelv)a St. Paul) " Tory Island . " do do. " Cape Clear *' Liverpool do " Cape Race .. " do do " do do do do •4- a Liverpool (south coiitmJ 3<>S do (via Hudson Strait and RathUn Island) xn •^"" Dit Sl^'n»V New Brunswick via Sitamer ion liueroi'i Ni'vf Brunswick Ry^ Ry/ etfl Railwav i^mtiiiski, «|. do. /' via .> \Viiiiii|i('«-, I'rov. of .Maliilol^a. '•o. do, ,,' [ntercm ■d uiismiJr-R v^ if.-. '■If 2,.S!?> / 100/ 95/ 90' 70^ ^'»-/.i,.,f/«^i^ir^ "-^. tlf*!'""- ■^'Ulttl""' A__ y, 4i. rngava B.; "9^; -.CMifi'"^ ^^. :i ^„ » ,?*!- -^ "t :i^!??^ ff^^T'^^'^ "^^hr^ LoR^ihit/p Wpst 615 />»/// /^/r 75 \,u.//i,Jl/.-' • i \ :^' D-rf IJIplvillc , »^ , n' <^ - .."-4 -. — • ^j^ -^ ■5. .V .^ ^> ^: c - *=* "' \ HoinrlltV ^r' nMHm~~for* -?: noava B.^ \] ■.u- Mip ]y .t«ir/iV' /' /ji^Tca r I ; •\ \l^^^~L, li^. £ ■ '^'^'Jiu"'!-- h^ BsttMnt Xaf Tf'y '-'yf: ,(!?*'' ? rn \>, »T1A ^' rre" "??^ ,X*. 'f ,'Wj nc^ Ci'I \V nt r^/tti eot"^. XI*"' Tirv" nor "Aoer G l/^. wick, for . ^I'w kn/t. Loii»/// Gnf^wirfi ft'O .'>.T 45 ft*. 00 55/ -J -^ Vfc K *- ■» M;iiil^^.»'i>yffr(l for Oie rrovii^ i- of Xt>w nrims\vick/l><.i\iiiion of C'lliiada, Chiibb's Corner>^t. John, N^, CaiiaC^a. \24 Chapel Wn k8\Liverp(>di, Eng-land, \ EXPORT AGENT iniifiiotures, Miiiet-als, ^ (Mer Products of New BiMhiswick/ \ / €I)F ^ "vm^ DOMINION OF SHEvmo TJE EXTENT AND smmioffofrrs ALSO/TS GEOGRAPHICAL RELAim TO im ^ Piiblislied bv order of ^ dfy- First -('hias ImprKViibi'drmUmd other propertu\in Kew Bruns- wick, for sate bn IRA COHiV^ALL, Jr., Agent Gencraiyi^ Province of 45':;. ruifir iO 35\ 1 r— I \ LANDRY & CO. S2 KING STREET, ST. JOHN. N. B. WHOI.ICSAIJi; AM) IJlCTAIL DraLKIW IN Piano-Fortes, Organs, Music, &r. PIAN04''0RTGg! II Y STEINW.AY&SONS. " Ni;v\ V 'UK ; VOSE & SONS, HEINTZMAN & CO. Toronto ; Aul utliijr Fjrst-Class Mnkers, at [iricos Iroiu i!fca50 ii|»nar(N. ESTEY Organs. Recogui/ed over thi^ -whole globe ay THE BEST IN THE WORLD. >' tm 3 licuftfi i |)f ensure | s Ml iie^orts. I Scenery. | dimute. I a E=^ — 01 New Oronswid Nova Scotia, .ND PRmilE EDWARD iSLANl. Issued iu April, June, Sept. and December ofea .'h yav. IJV JNO. II. }iAMILTO>r, St. John, IS . li. Tnis Hand Ht>ok of the Maritimo Fr«)vinoe» £j , s lAM'l^tf of <;aiia«la siipiilics n li. Jiff tVlt want, and fi rrji>Jies riiil11ft1f1<'&$( i ffln^rVV infomiation v Inch car. l>o obtained tluough \ui CA#*»e»»»»vao. - MWV.I^ other puhlicat .611. The ResourceH, Adva^itjigo^ nn<.l Att,ra<^tions of each seciiop [^■'^ fully doiilt IT) £ 0K M^BV wifh, rcndHr riK Mui book indispensable to the drieSOtirCeS. = ^W m/ Traveller, the lousiness Man and the Farmer. I'niforiTi in jtyle aud design with "S(. Johu and the ;niiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiii~ • Province - i New Bviinswi'.'k," but devoted to the joint intoi'ests of the threo Pr(>\i«ci-8. ffrip* oial EViitions devoted toihe individual ' lovineo^ will bb issued as occrision deniatids.) l^i si>e?^s Af en, .Rait.avaA' iiud Stkamt >a : CojrAKiE,-', HoTKr.s. Exr., will nud an Adv^rtis*»meJit in the Hand Itook a profitable iiivLyLinpnt. Circulation from 5,()0O to 10,000 copied tiaoh issue. Advertising IVdtes made knowji i-n ai>f>lifation. Subscription Price: Single Nos., ?ic. ; per Year, 50c., in advance, postage paid. [ L A.i.dress all Letters, Orders, EU,., u I'Ohlislxcv EASTKRN FllOVTNCES GCII1>K8, care of J. & A. McMiUan, Saint Joli'i, N. B. iSS* Descriptions of KiiiUvay and ,'-,l< ain1»fvat Lines, Mining and other ^iroporties, ' prepwrwJ tor i>ub.lieati('ii at siiort ;!'it.ce invinee» I ^•ni^l'^e? dukIi mo I ml ages , B to tin.! I d to tho UPANIE.-', rsLmont. e know;; I ts of the