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3 i^"' 
 
 FACTS AND REASONS 
 
 A<1ArN8T 
 
 HEW BRUNSWICK AKD NOVA SCOTIA 
 
 CONFEDEBATDJd WITH CANADA. 
 
 ACDUfidSHD V 
 
 THE ELECTORS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 BY 
 
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 JICA.Y 1800. 
 
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FACrrS AND REASONS 
 
 AOAINBT 
 
 CONFEDERATION WITH CANADA. 
 
 I 
 
 Every man who is invited or proposes to enter mto any 
 partnership or agreement, naturally thinks of the adTantages and 
 SiBadvantages it will involve or produce to himself. This is b^ 
 tiie 6U«gestion of common prudence. The same is equally true 
 i^d wise, as to political Unions of States and Provinces. On 
 these all important points, therefore, an examination will here be 
 briefly made, with reference to New Brunswuk and Nova Scotia 
 entering into the proposed Union or Confederation with Canada. 
 Tt is universally known that a scheme or plan for the purpose 
 was framed at Quebec, about eighteen months ago, by certam 
 .rentlemen, some of whom were not even duly authorized toapsist 
 fn making it. Without referring to particulars which arc so 
 well known, as to its being frequently disapproved of, and reject- 
 Pd by these two Maritime Provinces it is proper to mention 
 here that the same scheme, with possibly some few immaterxal 
 alterations is the one which it is contemplated to carry .into 
 effect, by other provincial delegations, 3000 miles away, and by 
 immediate Imperial legislation, without anv reference to the 
 Province3,as to approval or disapproval That the same schem* 
 is proposed to be thus perfected, is manifest, from the late reso- 
 lution of the Legislative Council of New. Brunswick, and from 
 the statements of the leading advocates for the measure, durir^ 
 the debates upon it, in the recent Session of the Nova Scotui 
 parliament. The remarks and strictures, therefore, which wiE 
 hero be offered, will be applied to that union scheme framed at 
 ■ Quebec. All the material particulars of it, will be referred iio 
 and commented on, in an orderly and intelligible manner, 
 and 38 briefly- and pointedly as possible.. First, may be noticed, 
 that there is to be a General Parliament, and a General Goverr 
 ment for all the confederated Provinces ; and that these are to be 
 > at Ottawa, as the Capital, about '800 miles or mpre, from. Nova 
 Scotia, and about the same from many parts" of New Brunswick. 
 In that Parliament, there are.tp be in theEou6§_of P.epj:eseijt4^ 
 ' tives, 147 members' for Canada., apd .only .19 fpr Noya Scotia, ^nd 
 
to for New Brunswick ; and in the Council, 48 for Canada, and 
 onl}^ 10 for Nova Scotia, an I 8 for New Bruniwiok. These vast 
 disproportions as to numbers, will at once show the great 
 8U[)oriority and advantage which Cj.inada will have over these 
 two Provinces, ii)'tlie makinjj oJ»ll'l;^ws, roguljitipns, and politi- 
 cal and other affairs of every kind. 
 
 The whole of the revenues of the Provinces, from every 
 source and quarter, must he surrendered to the General Parlia-. 
 ment and Gcrvernraent at Ottawa ; and that General Parliament 
 is to have the right and power to make laws and regulations 
 regarding all the following subjects and interests: — The public 
 debts and property of every kind ; — Regulation of trade and com- 
 merce; — imposition and regulation of Customs duties on all 
 imports and exports, except on exports of timber and lumber of 
 certain descriptions, and coal and other minerals ; — Imposition of 
 excise duties; — raising money to any araount by any and all 
 ether methods of taxation ; — Borrowing money to any amount on 
 the public credit ; — The Post Office service ; — Lines of steam and 
 other ships; — Railways, canals, and other works connecting the 
 Provinces, or beyond the limits of any Province; — Steamers 
 between federated Provinces and other countries; — Telegraph 
 companies, and communication; — all such works in any Province 
 as shall be thought for the public advantage ; — The Militia ; — 
 Light houses, buoys, r>;.id beacons : — Shipping and navigation ; — 
 Quarantine ; — Sea coast and inland fisheries ; — Coinage and 
 currency; — Savings Banks; — Weights and measures; — -Bills of 
 Exchange and promissory notes; — Interest; — Legal tender; — 
 Bankruptcy and insolvency ; — Marriage and Divorce ; — Criminal 
 law, and procedure in criminal cases ; — Rendenng uniform any 
 or all of tne laws relative to property and civil rights, in all the 
 Proviaces, except Lower Canada ; — Establishment of a Central 
 Court of Appeal, for all the Provinces ; — (this will of course be 
 at Ottawa) ; — Immigration ; — Agriculture ; — And generally as to 
 all matters of a general character, not specially and exclusively 
 reserved for the local legislatures and governments. 
 
 Now, here is, truly, a most formidable and startling list, or 
 catalogue, of relinquishments and sacrifiaa to be made by New 
 Brunswick and Nova Scotia, to the great Ottawa, or Canadian 
 Parliament and Government. It amounts, in fact, to a full sur- 
 render of nearly all the righto, liberties, and interests, of the 
 whole of the populations of the two Provinces. It is even further 
 provided in the plan, that on all other subjects, over which 
 jurisdiction belongs to both the general and the local Parlia- 
 ments, the laws of the general Parliament may control, supersede. 
 
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 laws 
 
 
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 lers. 
 
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 Some comments may now be properly and userully made, on 
 several of the most important of the foregoing relinquishment* 
 ot r?hf3 and interests, required to be made bv New Brunswick 
 and Nova Scotia ; and first, as to 
 
 TAXATION. 
 It has been authentically stated, and is admitted, that the 
 average rate of dutits on imported articles in these two Pro- 
 Tncep,'is JOtercent; but in Canada it is 20. Under Confede- 
 ration it will be equalized, and owing to the admitted great an^ 
 pressing "necessities of Canada," the rate for all, will be, 
 at least, 20 and most probably 25, to provide for Canadian 
 railways, canals, fortifications,— on borders of 1000 miles,— 
 land militia, and ships of war on the lakes, and naval militia, 
 or other force, to man them; with various other Canadian 
 pablic services and objects. Suppose, then, the Confederate 
 duties to bfa only the 20 per ccni, here is, at once, double 
 the amount now paid in these two Provinces. This «1oubIt 
 amount the merchants and traders will immediately put on thoir 
 goods. They must do it. The farmer, tradesman, labourer, and 
 all other r-urcha-sora, will therefore be obliged to pay that double 
 duty in the increased prices of the dry goods, groceries, and 
 other articles he purchases ; without, in most cases, being able 
 to re-imburse himself, by increasing the prices of the articles in 
 his own business, or the wag«3 of his labour. Suppose, then,.an 
 average family of 5 persons, and that the taxation, now of 10 
 per cent^, is 2 dollars and 60 cents, on each head, yearly, as stated 
 by the ^onfederationists, this will amount to 13 dollars; and at 
 20 per cent, it will be 26 dollars, just double to the man, the 
 head of the family. If there are 8 in the family, the amonnt of 
 duty, instead of 20 dollars 60 cents, will be 41 dollars and 20 
 cents. These are plrjn estimates which none can deny. The 
 General Parliament can make this or any other increase of 
 taxation, as it is to have the power of making laws, regarding 
 revenue, and duties, and '-axes of every kind. It may, therefore, 
 tax the head, the farm, the house, the ehop, the mill, the stock, 
 the trade, and in every other mode. 
 
 BORROWING MONEY. 
 This may also be done by that Parliament and Government^ 
 to any extent, and they will doubtless do it (as Canada ha* 
 always been extravagantly doing), for canals, railways, fortifi- 
 cations, war ships, and the other great purposes already 
 mentioned; and these Provinces will, of course, be taxed 
 and bound to pay, the same as Canada, the principal and intarest 
 
 of such borrowed moniPS aUbnn^Ii nnf ronaivJn" l"" V>fvr./>«f f~^~a 
 
 those Canadian works and improvements. 
 
regulation' of trade and commerce. 
 
 Thi^ wili giro the General Parliament the right to prescril)e 
 with what countries the several Provinces may have commercial 
 intercourse; and on what terma, and under what regulations 
 they may trade with each other, and with other countries, 
 as to goods and marchandLse, duties, and on other points! 
 It is impossible to foresee what numerous difficulties and 
 dangers, to these Maritime Provinces, are involved in this- 
 extensive and complicated subject. The most skilful merchants 
 will be unable to comprehend or foresee its results, as to 
 advantage or otherwise. This uncertainty should alone b« 
 sufficient to restrain, not only merchants, but all others, except 
 the mer.-ly speculative and reckless, from favouring this 
 Confederation scheme, which would produce such a risk to 
 these Maritime Provinces, as to . their prosperity, now so 
 surely, and rapidly advancing. It would seem almost certain, 
 that the measure would produce injurious consequences to 
 commence, by the great increase of duties on mwrchandiae. 
 
 STEAMERS, &C., AND RAILWAYS. , 'r 
 
 According to the Confedertaion scheme, all lines of steamers 
 and ottifv ships as a mode of conveyance between any of 
 the portH of either of the Provinces, or between any one 
 Province and another, and also to and from other countries, 
 would be subject to the regulations and control of the 
 General Parliament and Government at Ottawa. As to rail- 
 ways, oue clause of the scheme provides, that "the General 
 Government shall secure without delay, the completion of the 
 inter- Colonial Railway." Another clause declares, that "the 
 communications with the North "Western Territory; and the 
 improvements required for the developement of the trade of the 
 great West, with the seaboard, are regarded bv this Conference, 
 as subjects of the highest importance to the Fed'erated Provinces; 
 and shall be prosecuted at the earliest possible period, that the 
 jtate of the finances will permit the Parliament to do so. As 
 the Canadian government seems to be desirious of having the 
 inter-colonial line completed, and New Brunswick and Nova 
 Scotia are also willing for it, there need be no difficulty ; and by 
 sach Province contributing its fair share of the expense, the 
 ^ork may at once go on, and be accomplished, as well without 
 Confederation, as with it. An arrangement for that purnoBe, 
 was, a few years ago, made between the Provinces ; and the 
 Canadian rulers for some cause or other, declined to abide by it. 
 If Canada is t^o^ in such embarrassed circumstances, as not to 
 b© able to provide the funds to pay her share of the work, surely 
 that, of itself, is asufilcitintreiiaou, that these Maritime Provinces 
 
 # 
 
should not enter into this proposed Union. There is no just claint 
 upon J^im, to risk or destroy their own advancing proapcritv 
 and all their beat interests with the delusive purposef or expec-' 
 tation, of rescuing Canada from its tinancially embarraaaed 
 condition, by theseTro-inces being more than doubly taxed t» 
 assist towards doing it. These Provinces have railway and other 
 debta enough of their own, which, with other needful objects 
 will require all their revenues, and at the same time to keep 
 
 "fll^N ;t^°^; ^"*%r«'yealso the communications witt 
 the North -Western territory " ; and ' for the trade to the great 
 
 «xfrin,« IT ^O'fP^e^eQd nearly Ju'o thousand miles to the 
 extreme settleraenta of Hudson s Bay; and the still greater 
 dis ance to the Pacific Ocean We see, '' they are to be prosecuted 
 at the earliest possible period, that the state of the finances will 
 permit the parliament to do so." These Lower Provinces have 
 no interest whatever in these railways, or other communications 
 
 rom S!;t "" - T^^ ^' ^T^^'-. ^^^"y ^° "°* ^•^^l^ir^ aoy articles 
 from Hudson s Bay, or the regions on the Pacific. The few furs 
 
 .hey want, they now can, and do get readily enough; and any 
 supplies, quantities of them brought into Canada, would always 
 be exportea from some of its own ports to Europe or other 
 ffn'.Z The proofs already give^n of the extra^nce o? 
 Canadian rulers m public works, and in other woys, should warn 
 these Lower Provinces against this proposed union, which if 
 effected, would inevitably bring upon th^ir present and fuiure 
 generations enormous burdens of taxation, for those intended 
 «7i^an^tc undertakings, from which none of them would derive 
 any advantage whatever. Whatever benefit would accr . 3, would 
 
 tnd V.^^'lf^r- ^^^''^^^^^ *^^«' y« °^«« °f New Brunswick 
 and Nova Scotia, among the rest of the particulars of your 
 humiliation and subjection, and the present and impending public 
 ckim3onyouri)oc/;e^5; and then you will know how to value - 
 the fine alk and writings directed to you, about a heritage for 
 
 SdtiteTnatron.^'^ "^^"^'^^ ''''''''''' ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 POSTAL SERVICE. . 
 
 Postages, at present, are considerably higher in Canada 
 than in^%va Scotia and New Brunswick ; ^nd there can 
 be no doubt, that in Confederation, the rates of postage 
 would be increased still more, to assist in raising the much 
 greater revenue which would be required. Moreover, no post 
 office could be established, or postal appointment, or regulation 
 St^% '!?''' ^7,9°"'^tie.s, towns, or Tillages, but accorditg ta 
 the acts and regulations of the General Parliam^nf and Govern 
 ment at Ottawa. ' " " " 
 
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. 
 On these most important subjects, the Parlitmont ai 
 Ottawa would Lave the richt and power to make laws and 
 regulations; and they might be contrary to thote which aro 
 now in force in these lower provinces, and snoh aa would 
 encroach on the present rights and privileges of the eoveral 
 rehgious denominations. The Canadian laws on these subject* 
 probably, are different from those in these Provinces, and may be 
 unsuitable to their populations ; and yet they could be imposed 
 upon them ; for like duties, taxation, and other matters, there i« 
 !• be uniformity. 
 
 PROPERTY AND CIVIL RIGHTS. 
 Regarding these two most vital and important sub- 
 jects, as It 18 provided in the Union scheme that there is to 
 heuntformxty, the General Parliament would have the power 
 to make laws and regulations concerning them, conformably to 
 those of Canada, and in disagreement with those now in force in 
 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick ; altering the nature of titles 
 the modes and forms of conveying property, and of deeds and 
 ^g^f^^^ents, transferring, or otherwise concerning it. Most 
 probably, as a source of revenue, atampa and stamp duties would 
 be required on all such documents, and the enrolment or regis- 
 tration of them. The term "Civil Right*," has a very wide 
 meaning; and under it, the Parliament migh* make laws, 
 altering And limiting those rights now possessed by the people 
 of these lower Provinces; and regarding qualifications for holding 
 ©flices, or seats in the Legislature, roting at elections, and on 
 various other points of civil right or privilege. • • 
 
 AGRICULTURE AND IMMIGRATION. 
 As to the great leading interest of agriculture, it may 
 merely be remarked, that the General Parliament might make 
 such regulations as to bounties, stock, and on certain other 
 pomt3 as would be suitable to Canada, and give it an advantage 
 over these lower provinces. Regarding immigration, also, under 
 union, if measures were at any time planned and adopted by the 
 "<jeneral Parliament, or Government, to encourage or favour it 
 -there can be little doubt, that the Canadian territory of the 
 union, would obtain the first and best advantages; through thfi 
 great superiority of the Canadian power and infiuence. 
 
 COURT OF APPEAL. 
 
 By the proposed Union plan, such a court is to be 
 established; and, of course, it will be at Ottawa, and into it 
 causes depending, or determined, in the courts of the several 
 
"f^ " 
 
 ■Wvinces may be removed for final decision. The Supremo 
 Conrte jn Nova Scotia and New Brunawick, are now, and it is 
 probable, will continue to be, aa competent to deal with, and 
 legally and justly decide all suits and questions, ae any court 
 eatablished m Canada. There can be no necessity therefor, for 
 any such Anpeal Court. It tfould increase litigation and law 
 expenses, and often would delay or entirely prevent justice bein^ 
 aone. ^ Suppo.se for instance, a euit to take place, in either of 
 tliese lower rrovinces, between a rick man and one in poof or 
 moderate circumstances ; and this last, having the right on his 
 side, obtains a verdict and judgment in his favour. The rich 
 man appeals to that Court in Canada, and employs lawyers there 
 and can afford to carry there any number of witnesses, and do 
 every thing else needful to suy^nort his case ; but the poor man 
 cannot afford such expenses and sacrifices, and therefore ho would 
 be obliged to abandon his iust claims, and suffer distressing losses 
 and expenses or perhaps bo -entirely ruined. Now, such cases 
 would certainly occur, if coulederation is effected, and such a 
 Court of Appeal was established, 
 
 PUBLIC DEFENCES. 
 Prominent in the long list of subjects, on which the 
 Ueueral Parliament may legislate and decide, are the " Militia, 
 and Military and Naval Service and Defence." From this, it 
 may at once be concluded, that very larger military and naval 
 torcea would be formed, immediately on the establishment of the 
 union. By the terms employed, 't is evident that such forces 
 are to be permanently established; and also that fortifications 
 are to be built, for that word is employed in one of the clauses, 
 in ca.se of a war, none of these lower provinces would need any 
 navy or naval militia. They would be perfectly defended by 
 the Imperial navy ; and rightly ox justly, because the war would 
 not be one declared against these Provinces, but against the 
 United Kingdom; and therefore its navy would be as much 
 bound to delend and protect us, as tc do it for any part of the 
 British or Irish coasts; and it would be as readily and honorably 
 done. It IS Canada that chiefly needs the military and naval 
 forces, and fortifications, on her borders of nearly or quite a 
 thousand miles. The expense of all these mer.ns of defence for 
 Canada, wiU be very great; and why should New Brunswick 
 and Nov-n oootia,— though not deriving any benefit from them.— 
 be bound to pay any part of the expenses; a.s would be the case, 
 under Confederation. A parliament at Ottawa, with such 
 overwhelming Canadian majorities, would certainly take care of 
 their own conntrv /rst and do nothing in that way for these- 
 FrovincGs, concluding that they were sufficiently defended. In. 
 case of a war with the United States, and ou CuuHda being 
 
10 
 
 invaded, the Government at Ottawa might draw away there, Bnch. 
 large portions of the militia of these Provinces, as would leave 
 them nearly defenceless, though equally exposed to such 
 invaaxon. In such war, neither Canada nor these Provinces 
 could spare any force to assist one another, and therefore 
 confederation would not better the condition of either. It would 
 not add a man, or any other means of defence, beyond what 
 €ach possessed, out of Union, as now. By recent intelligence 
 Irom England, it appears, that it has been arranged, between the 
 Imperial, and the United States Governments, to allow each to 
 increase its naval armaments on the lakes. It is certain, there- 
 tore that such increase, and probably a large one, will soon be 
 made ; and as Canada, compared with these Maritime Provinces 
 has a veiy limitea number of seamen, in the event of such a war' 
 under confederation, auch large numbers of the merchant 
 seamen, and fishermen, of these Provinces, would most certainly 
 be called and conveyed to Canada, to man and fight in that navy 
 on the river and lakes there, as would leave their own homes and 
 JamiUes greatly exposed, and without sufficient means of defence. 
 
 It has been seen, on a previout page, that there are many 
 subjects for rehnquishment, by these lower Provinces, and the 
 disposal and regulation of which, would rest altogefher with that 
 Parliament at Ottawa. Among these, are {7iterest on money ' 
 which now It seems, bears 8 per cent in Canada, but only 6 here! 
 J nder Confederation, it would probably be established at the 8 
 to the injury of the farmer, or other person of limited means' 
 who v^as obliged to borrow money, for some needful purpose! 
 Mercantile and Savings banks, are to be under the regulations 
 otthatl'arliament; also sea coasL and inland fisheries: weights 
 and measures ; coinage and currency; bills and notes ; teW?aph 
 lines and other important subjects. No bank, in any Slace. 
 could be established, or its notes framed, or issued ; or any fishery 
 regulated; or vessel built, or navigated; or marriage take place 
 or be dissolved ; or property be conveyed, or titles to it be valid ; 
 or civil rights be obtained and enjoyed; or any of the othe^ 
 subjects be estiblished or regulated, but according to tho will 
 and enactments of that parliament in Conada, having in one 
 Mouse 147 Canadian members, to 19 from Nova Scotia; and 15 
 from New Brunswick; and in the other House, 48 Canadians 
 and Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, only 10 members each 
 in such a state of things, these lower Provinces would experience 
 ten times the dissatisfaction and trouble they e^•.^r had with the 
 magnanimous parent government, besides, inevitably, 8ufFerin<r 
 some, or many, serious and lasting injuries. 
 
 And, now, it may be asked, for what reasons, and bv whom 
 are such surrenders required to be made: and such an entire 
 
a 
 
 change of political circumstances, sought to be effected. It is 
 well Known, that these two Maritime Provinces are rapidly 
 advancing in prosperity ; their commerce is free, and generally 
 profitable ; the farmers are doing well ; the markets are amply 
 supplied, not only with the necessaries of life, but with nearly all 
 the luxuries of the oldest countries ; tradesmen, and labourers, 
 have a fair measure of employment ; the taxation is moderate, 
 or, at least, such as the people can well bear. There has been no 
 call, or de«ire, by petition or otherwise, from any class of the 
 population, for any such Confederation, or other political change; 
 or any proposal of it, in the first instance, in these Provinces, 
 except by some ten or a dozen, speculative and aspiring 
 politicians, who assisted in manufacturing this proposed Confe- 
 deration Scheme, which has thrown all the Provinces into a 
 state of agitation, turmwl, and strife ; and which, if accomplished, 
 would bereave theee lower Provinces, of their dearest rights, and 
 privileges, and hand them over, with all their important interests 
 and affairs, to a distant and powerful country and Government, 
 to ha ruled, taxed, and dealt with, according to their will, and to 
 suit their interests. 
 
 Inquiry, and examination, may now be njade, as to any 
 advantages which New Brunswick and Nova Scotia would 
 obtain, by the proposed Confederation. This portion of 
 the subject must, of necessity, be of very brief notice and 
 discussion, for scarcely any such advantages can be found, deserv- 
 ing of mention. The old hackneyed maxim, that "Union is 
 strength," has by the adv^-ites for the measure, been insisted on, 
 as one of them. Althou -S, cortainly, true in many other cases, 
 it has been often m va^. ; ' ' :tZ, and has failed, as to political 
 unions. Indeed, regarding these, it may safely be said, from the 
 records and authority of history, that for one instance, where it 
 has afforded "Strength," three or more may be named, where it 
 has produced weakness and injury. It was not strength, to 
 Holland and Belgium, when they were in Union, but they 
 were constantly contending, and at length had their armies 
 ai-ayed for open war, when by the intervention of powerful 
 nations they were separated into distinct kingdoms ; and have 
 remained since in friendliness and peace; and both strong and 
 prosperous. Union has produced weakness, distress, most 
 sanguinary and de.solating war and misery, to the American 
 States, and many other evils which it is probable will long 
 remain. The unions of Austria and Hungary, and portions of 
 Italy, and of Prussia and portions of Poland, have ever been 
 attended with distressing consequences. Even the union 
 of England and Ireland has never been a happy one, 
 to either country; but there have been almost constant 
 
1^ 
 
 dissatisfaction, agitations and conspiracies ou the part of 
 •ne, and distrust, perplexity and trouble on that of the 
 otber. Such instances prove anything but the truth, and appli- 
 cation of the saying, as to the Union in question. As to advan- 
 tage regarding revenue, there would be none but a loss to these 
 two rrovinces ; for it has been shown that the sums to be allowed 
 to them, lor their public services under Confederation, are less 
 than their present revenues. Neither would they dosarve any 
 advantage as to trade, for they now have as free coraraeroial, and 
 other businesa intercourse, with Canada as they would have 
 under Union, and at less cost, by reason of a lesser taxation at 
 preeent, and with much better security, as to the preservation of 
 all their commercial, and other rights and interests. Scarcely any 
 other articles does Canada now require from these Lower 
 Provinces, or would require, or take from them, if in Union, 
 except coal, fish, and oil, and these they can send there now as 
 freely and advantageously as if they were united. Neither would 
 there ba any increase of advantages to {hese Provinces in Union, 
 as to agricultural interests or affairs. The only product of 
 farming operations, ofany importance, required here from Canada 
 IS flour, and that can be, and is now, obtained as freely and 
 cheaply as it would be in Confederation. These Provinces do not 
 now want from Canada, nor would they, if in Union, require any 
 live cattle, or sheep, or beef, or pork, or butter, or chees*, or any 
 other articles from farming; for they have abundance of them 
 for their own consumption, and a surplus of each and all of them 
 for exportation. 
 
 Surely no person can suppose that, if Confederated, these 
 Lower Provinces could send any products of farming to Canada 
 better tuan now. Either out of Union or in it, to send any of 
 them to such a great agricultural country as Canada, would 
 indeed as the saying is, be like sending (joals to Newcastle. But 
 u in Union it would be quite possible for the Parliament at 
 Ottawa to make some such enactments or regulations as that 
 some, if not all, Canadian farm products could be sent to these 
 Provinces to the injury of their farmers and agricultural 
 interests. ' 
 
 As to manufactures ot every kind. Western Canada, 
 especially, is far in advance of these Lower Provinces ; and if in 
 Union, would from a variety of circumstances, continue to 
 maintain the b.ime superiority, with advantages over these 
 Provinces, which that country does not now possess, in regard to 
 taxation. That country would not want from these Provinces, 
 if .n Union, woolen, or cotton, or linen goods, or any of leather, 
 wood, iron, copper, horn, or any other such manufactured articles, 
 even if these Provinces had a surplus of any of them to se^d for 
 that country can, and does, manufacture them, in part, for its 
 
i- K 
 
 ovfn consumptiou and'cah import what more is required cheaper 
 than they couM be mdde here and exported there. Moreover 
 that Canadian Parliament could always, by its regulations, securii 
 a preference and superiority for Cana/-lian. njanufacture.^ oyer 
 those produced in these Provinces. If it be eai'^ihat in Confede- 
 ration monied men, or capital: ts as they are called, will be 
 induced to employ their wealth in manufacturing establishments 
 m these Lower Provinces, it may be answered, Why have ther 
 not done It heretofore, and why are they not doing it now? Thev 
 might all along have done it and may now do it, to more per- 
 sonal profit than they could under Uaion; and most certainly 
 such persons can now do it, with greater pecuniary advantage 
 for several i-easons most especially for this one, that the rates of 
 taxation, of every description, are much lower at present than 
 they would be if in Union. Again, it may be , .sked, how is it 
 that foreigners— American citizens-.have been, and still are. 
 coming into these Provinces and making and ovfuins telegrapih 
 lines, opening and working mines, building wharves and merT 
 making railways even through the streets of Halifax ; and nei- 
 ther Canadian or British capitalists have done, or attempted 
 such works, as far as the writer knows, except in one instance of 
 a. Lofil Mines association operating in Nbva Scctia? Such 
 <!apitalists had the same, or even greater facilities and advan- 
 tages for such enterprises, than the Americans, who are actually 
 engaged in them, to their own advantage and the public benefit. 
 None of those capitalists would do it any more readily under 
 union, but would then be under less favorable circumstances for 
 such investments and works, among other reasons for that of 
 increased taxation. As to such persons in these Provinces, they 
 would then prefer sending their money to Canada, and investing 
 It m one way or another there, where they can get 8 per cent 
 for It instead of 6, as some of them in Nova Scotia are covetously 
 and most unpatnotically doing now. 
 
 The public credit of these Lower Provinces is now as cood or 
 even bette-, than that of Canada, and therefore the securities and 
 advantacc« for manufacturing establishments are full as stood 
 now as they would be under Union, and even better, as to toxa- 
 tion and legal regulations. Moreover, they could yery far more 
 readily and effectually, as well as cheaply, obtain Legislative aid 
 or other advantaces from a Provincial Parliament or Government 
 on the spot than they could in ' aion from such powers at Ottawa, 
 800 miles off, with all their preferences for Canadiaa establish- 
 ments and manufactories. The " political necessities" of Canada, 
 and tht she is " about to make a eonstitutional change," have been 
 urged as reasons for the Confederation ; but these are of no value 
 whatever, as to these Lower Provinces ; no more than regardiuff 
 such nscetitte* and changa in any other part of the British 
 
14 
 
 doraimone or in any other quarter. There is no obligation 
 nr^vfw« ' j¥«;P'7^°<^«« to endanger or surrender their rfghte 
 privileges and interests, and injure their peace and proenen'tv 
 
 advocates foa Confederation themselves have truly sail that the 
 two sections of that country have been and " are^in such a stite 
 
 pubSn""" T. ^^ H'''^ government impossfble by any 
 public men. ihe bickerings, contentions, and^angeabLew 
 there are good reasons why these Provinces should avdd S 
 cal unjon with a people whose politicians are of such a XSj 
 wli "V"'^ "^':^'' ^T^^. ^'^'" ^"tinue, and most prorablv 
 w^W Z r**"" ' ^^^^^''^ Lower Provinces, being so 3 
 
 suaereis There is a sacred Proverb which savs " He that 
 
 +w .1. .^ ^^ *^® ^^"^ ' a°^ another says, •' Meddle not with 
 them hat are given to change," or more liter^rrendeTed 
 
 that Jb/r^'^'Sed that the Home Government is desirous 
 tir^P ^ Confederation should be accomplished. But at the same 
 
 onalv .n^°'''"r°>.^y^*^ public despatches, has consUtT 
 tionally, and as its duty required, left the prooosal to tb« 
 
 ^hefad'lmfn^f^^^ °^ *^^ IVo'vTes through 
 
 conl?fn;f ! . T '^'"''°"- ^"1^^^^ ^^« ^««° ^°n« without any 
 lialmeL^oT^^ withholding from the Provinces 
 
 in^asSn "^1^^°^°^ f^fff e> J^ either event, in case of war and 
 X/i ; fv *° '''^^* ^^' ^'^^ ^a^*^ ^y some of the plar ners - nd 
 plotters ior the measure, about laving the foundation for a areat 
 natxovMhty at some future perio'd ; and regarding an enlS 
 
 ?nn?'fi^ ?^n '."'^' "'°,^'^^' '^^^ ^ff'^sions of pride, vanity and 
 folly that they do not deserve any serious answer, but may con 
 temptuously be set aside. It is asserted that the leading minds of 
 ttb ?l'' "'' ? ^'''' °^ '^- So much nonsense has \I'n put 
 IblZnf" ^'"P^^^^nt of theoe cant phrases, of leading midl 
 -able statesmen-Jirstminds, s^nd other high pounding terms 
 that It IB rather a trial of patience, to hear tlieir frequent repe' 
 
 wL. r'-''''°^?^^'''S^^^^'^^^^»'^b° are bo^asted oTas 
 such conclusive authorities on this subject ? Much the larler 
 
 ZiZl ''^" 't"f '' r}'^^^^' professiot some of vhfm 
 disinJ^n; 7 ''1'"'. candidates for personal 'promotion and 
 these .d"^;t2"' ^''"^ '' other, .and having, naturally enough, 
 of them t ^f^ r rf''^'^' °,' Ff P^cti^^ view ; and' but few 
 ot them, It may well be conducted, are even ordinarily read or 
 
I 
 
 acquainted regarding political science, generally, but tspecially 
 that very broad portion of it relating to the Union of States or 
 countries, and dissimilar populations True, there are a few in 
 another learned profession, who have lately come into the politi- 
 cal field, and are trying in their own way, to Jearn to be states- 
 men, but whatever they may be hereafter, they are, aa yet, but 
 apprentieu, or rovigh journeymen in the science. 
 
 But lastly, it is urged tbat the religious press favours it. 
 Now, first, there is here something of a misnrner as to such a 
 press, for it is, in general, much more merely teeular than 
 religious. It giy. s the current political and other news, at home 
 and abroad, notices of what parliaments and governments are 
 doing, arrivals and departures of vessels and passengers, infor- 
 mation as to trade and fisheries, movements of troops and navies 
 city affairs, tariffs of duties, state of markets, and various other 
 miscellaneous matters ; with advertisements of th«! sale of fancy 
 and fashionable goods, hoop skirts, boots and shoes, dnigs and 
 chemicals, houses and estates, and other particulars too numer- 
 ous to mention. A few days ago, the writer took up one of these 
 papers, in a large denomination, and ascertained that only a 
 \\ii\Q QVQv two o{ \\a eight pages had religious intelligence; the 
 others were filled with such secular matters as have been 
 described. It is perfectly known that there are great differences 
 of opinion on this subject of Union among the members of all the 
 denominations. The opinion, therefore, given in each of those 
 papers, is merely that of the individual editor. But here is one 
 thing regarding this religious press, in Nova Scotia, at least, 
 which seems rather strange and inconsistent, that in all its 
 sayings concerning this Union measure, there is not a word, as 
 to any advantage it will produce to religion, either as to its 
 extension, or increased influence, or in any other way. This does 
 seem rather extraordinary. All its favourable notices of the 
 measure, seem to point merely to prosperity, and grandeur of 
 material or worldly and pol'tical descriptions. The conductors 
 of this press are professedly men of peace, and advisers of good 
 will and harmony among mankind ; and yet they are fonnd 
 favoring the measure and schemes of thoss who have thrown into 
 agitation and turmoil countries peaceably advancing in pros- 
 perity, and involved these populations throughout 'n divisions 
 and contentions, and produceed alienations, political and social, 
 and probably in some family circles also. 
 
 In concluding these remarks, the writer challenges the 
 conductors of this so-called religious press, for any one of them to 
 meet him in any convenient public hall, in open diL,cussion, and he 
 will show that it is not the will of Heaven, in general, that 
 different nations or people should be combined or included under 
 one political dominion ; but that on the contrary, it is the Divine 
 
Will, that each nation apd people should possess its own dvvl 
 constitution, laws, anii regulations, free of the dominion, or 
 coercive influence of any other political power. Indrawing'to ft 
 conclusion, the writer must oa behalf of his native land, express 
 .his regret that it has boon denied the right and advantage which 
 ^ew Brunswick haa enjoyed on this Union subject. This latter 
 Province is now having a second election of representatives with 
 reference to it. As to ITova Scotia, majorities in each of the 
 parliamentary houses, for reasons and under influences of which 
 the writer is not aware, have authorized the appointment of 
 delegates, for framing a final scheme, in a land 3000 miles away,' 
 Without any reference, first or last, to the people, the vast major- 
 ity of whom, seven eighths or even nine tenths, as credibly said, 
 are averse to the proposad scheme, as shewn by numerous 
 petitions agaiust it from every part of the Province, during the- 
 two last Sessions of the Parliament, and but one as said in favour •; 
 of it. Under these circumstances of unconstitutional and unjust 
 treatment, the people of Nova Scotia appeal to the free and 
 generous people of New Brunswick, that while regarding their 
 own rights and interests, to consider tho^ie of Nova Scotia, in 
 this matter so closely identified with their own, and so 
 greatly endangered ; and as a common cause, at their elections 
 now proceeding, return such faithful and steadfast men, as will by 
 their parliamentary action, resist the proposed mode of complet- 
 ing this Union by an irresponsible convention at the other side 
 of the Atlantic, and thus preserve the present free constitutions 
 of the two Provinces, with all their rights, privileges, and 
 Advantages. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 >„