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Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 5 6 W: f J 1^ ;1 ■ . i \ .■ *^ # vo\ 1* % \ FaiH ■ »■ ■ ■! rSf HAKLUYT'S COLLECTION OF THE EARLY # VOYAGES, TRAVELS, AND DISCOVERIES, ^1 OF THE ENGLISH NATION. m A NEW EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS. VOL II. -I J' PBINTED FOR ». II. ETANS, 26, PALL MALLJ J. MACKINLAY, STRAND; AND E. PRIESTLEY, IIOLDORN. 1810. Hi ■ N '>'l Uv.anail y ^Ji OF Tins K.,.T.ON THRRE AHE ONLV «50 COPIES PRINTED ON ROYAt. PAPER AND 7J 04 f^ o. w,„dr.ii, p,„„„, i.„„„o„„.„,, ,.„„j„„. ON IMPERIAI. PAPHR. a H00DF4/.I. tHe second volvme OF THE PRINCIPAL NAVIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAFFIQVES, AND DISCOVERIES OF THE ENGLISH NATION, MADE BY SEA OR OUER-LAND, \h \ RIAL papi:r. SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST PARTS OF THE WORLD, AT ANY TIMK WITHIN THE COMPASSE OF THESE 1600. VERES: DIUIDED IXTO •nvo SF.l'ERALL PARTS: WHEREOF THE FIRST CONTAINETH ^ THE PERSOSALL TRAVELS, Ac OF THE ESGLISH, " TimUUIill AND WITHIN THE STREIOHT OF GIBRALTAR, TO AI.ORR, TUNIS, ANDTRIPOI.IS IN BARBARY, TO ALEXANDRIA AND CAIRO IN AEOYPT, TO THE ISLES OF SICILIA, ZANTP, CANDIA, RIIOUIS, CYPRIS, AND CHIO, TO THE CITIE OF ('ONSTANTINOPLE, TO DICI'RS PARTS OF ASIA MINOR, TO SYRIA AND ARMENIA, TO lERfSALEM, AND OTHER PLACES IN »'D/EA; AS AtSO TO ARABIA, DOWNR THE RIIIKR OP EUPHRATES, TO BABYLON AND BALSARA, AND SO THROUOH THE PERSIAN CITPH TO ORMUTZ, CIIALI, GOA, ANDTO MANY ISLANDS ADIOYNINC VPON THE SOITH PARTS OP ASIA; AND IIRRWIKB FROM OOA TO CAMBAIA, AND TO ALL THE DOMINIONS OF ZKLAIIDIM ECIIEBAR THE GREAT MOGOR, TO THE MIGHTY RIUKR OF GANGES, TO Bl NUALA, ARACAN, BACOI.A, AND CHONDERI, TO PEOl', TO lAMAHAI IN THE KINCDOMP. <1P SUM, AND ALMOST TO THE VERY FRONTIERS OF CHINA. THE SECOND COMPREHENDETH THE VOYAdES, TRAFFICKS. .Vc. OF THE ENGLISH SATIOX, MADE WITHOIT THE STREIGHT OF GIBRALTAR, TO TUB . ISLANDS OF THE ACORES, OP PORTO SANTO, MADERA, AND THE CANARIES, TO THE KINCiDOMES OF UARUAUY, TO THE ISLES OF CAPO VERDE, TO Tin: RIUEns op senega, GAMIIRA, MADKAHIMUA, and sierra LEONA, TO THE COAST OP GUINEA AND BENIN, TO THE ISLES OF S. THOME AND SANTA HELENA, TO THE PARTS ABOUT THE CAPK OF BUONA ESPERANZA, TO Ql ITAN(J0NE NEERE MOZAMBIQUE, TO THE ISLES OF COMORO AND ZANZIBAR, TO THE CITIE OF GOA, BEYOND CAPE COMORI, TO THE ISLES OF NICUBAR, GOMES POLO, AND PULO PINAOM, TO THE MAINE LAND OF MALACCA, ANDTO THE KINGDOME OF lUNSALAON. m Bv RICHARD HAKLVYT piieacheu, AND SOMI.IIMK STUDENT OF CIIRISI-CIIVUCH IN OXFORD. IMPRINTED AT LONDON IIY CIEORGF. lUiiUOP, RALPH NEWBERY, A.NU UOUr.RT UARKER. ANNO 1509. 'I ^11 11 W "Ite MKMMnMHIIilMMtt^'i^:' - riEDICATION TO THE FIRST EDITION. • TO TllE • RIGHT HONORABLE SIR RODEUT CECIL KNIGHT, Pbincipall Secretarie to iiF.R Maiestie, Master of the Court of VVardes and Liveries, ami ONE OF her Maiestif.s most honourable 1'riuir Coun.seu. RIGHT Honorable, liaiiing newly finished a Treatise of the lontj Voyages of our Nation made into tlic Lciiaiit within the Striight of Gibraltar, & from thence oiicr-land to the South and Soulhea«it parts of the world, all circumstances considered, 1 found none to whom I fh<)Uij;ht it litter to bee presented then to your sclfe: wherein hailing begun at the highest Antiquities of this rialnie vnder the gouernmcnt of the Romans; next vndcr the Saxons; and thirdly since the conqiie'it vnder the Normans, I hauc continued the histories vnto the>e our dayes. The time of the Romans atfoordeth small matter. Hut after that they were called hence by forreit inuasions of their Empire, and the Saxons by degrees became lords in this Hand, and shortly after recciued the Christian faith, they did not onely ir\uell to Rome, but passed further vnto lerusalem, and therewith not contented, Sigchnus bit-hop of Shire- burnc in Dorcetshire caried the almes of king Alfred euen to the Sopnicher of S. Thomas in India, (which place at this day is called Maliupor) and bnnight from thence most fragrant spices, and rich icwcis into England: which icwels, as William of Malmesburie in two sundry treatises writcth, were remaining in the aforesayd Cathedrall Church to be scene euen in his time. And this most memorable voyage into India is not onely mentioned by the aforesayd Malmesburie, but also by Florcntius Wigorniensis, a grauc and woorthy Author which liued before him, and by many others since, and euen by M. Foxc in his first volume of his Acts and Monuments in the life of king Alfred. To omit diners other of the Saxon nation, the Irauels of Alured bishop of Worcester through Hungarie to Constantinople, and so by Asia the Icsse into Phoenicia and Syria, and the !U«* course of Ingulphus, not long afterward Abbot of Croiland, set downe particularly by i > ^-Ife, arc things in mine opinion right worthy of mcmorie. After the comming in of the K(.r..ians, in the yeere 1096, in the reigne of William Rufus, and so downward for the space of :.boue 3()0 yeeres, such was the ardent desire of our nation to visite the Holy land, and to cxpell the Saracens and Mahu- metans, that not only great numbers of Eries, Bishops, Rarons, and Knights, but euen Kings, Princes, and Pecrcs of the blood Roiall, with incredible deuotion, courage and alacritie intruded themselues into this glorious expedition. A sufl'icient proofe hereof are the voia;;es of prince Edgar the nephew of Edmund Ironside, of Robert Curtois brother of William Rufus, the great beneuolence of king Henry the 2. and his vowe to hane gone in person to ihe su( conr of lerusalem, the personall going into Palestina of his sonnc king Ricliard tlie lirst, with the chiualrie, wealth, and shipping of this realme; the large contri- bution of king bi'm, and the trauels of Oliucr Fitz Roy his sonne, as is supposed, with Raiiulph Glanuilc Eric of Chester to the siege of Damiata in /ligypt: the prosperous voyage of Richard Erie of Cornwall, elected afterward king of the Romans, and brother to Henry the :i, the famous expedition of prince Edward, the first king of the Norman race of that VOL II. b name: i THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. name; the iourncy of Henry Eric of Derbie, duke of HerefonI, and anerward king of this realme, by the name of Henry the 4 against the riiic of Tunis in Africa, and his preparation of 8hipome a climate, so rich and abundant in siluer mines, so apt and capable of all commodities, which Italy, Spaine, and France can alfoord, that thi- Spaniards themselncs in their owne writings printed in Madrid Ih8(i, and within few moneths afterward reprinted by me in Paris, and in a secret mappe of iho. th y acknowledge the Inlanil to be a hettcr and richer countrey then Mexico and Nueua Sp;iiiia it selfe. And on the other side their chiefest writers, as Peter Mari\r ab Auglrrin, and Francis I,o|)< z do (iomara, the most learned Venetian lohn liapti^ta RiimuMins, and the French (icogr.ii)!iers, as namely, Popilinicrc and the rest, ackiiowl. ,lnc with MC consent, lliat all that niightie tract of land from t>7. degrees Nonhwanl to the I ititude alm( st of Florida was lirienle of lvn;;land, whereof one as yet ren'aineih, for ought wc know, aliue in the countrey. Whicii action, if vpnn a good Si godly peace ob- tained. THE EPISTLE nEDICATORIE. laiiu'J, it nhal pleasp the Almighty tn mirre vp her Maicstie^ heart to rontinue with her fa- iiourahle rountenanrc (as vpoii the crn^)inK ff .|)< riiiifj of one or two thnimami of her people, and such others as vpon mine owne kimwlcdgo will most willinjjiy at their owne rhar)?cs betume Adiientitreri* in ^(xid numbers villi their bodies and goods ; she shall by Gods assistance, in ^hort space, worke many jireat and vi, looked lor cfTccIs, increase her dominions, enrich her eol'eis, and reduce many I'lij^ans to the faiili of Christ. The neglecting hitherto of \shich last ixinl our aduersaries daily in many of their bookes full bitterly lay vnto the charge of the professors of the Gospell, No sooner should we set fooling in that plea-^ant and good land, and erect one or two conueiiient Fortes in the Cuiitinent, or in some Hand neere the maine, but cilery step we tread would yeeld vs new occasion of action, which I wish the (ientric of our nation rather to regard, then to follow those soft vnpriiritable pleasures wherein they now too much ( onsume their lime and patri- monie, and hereafter will doe much more, when as our neighbour warres being appeased, they are like to hauo Icsse emploiment then nowe they haue, vnlesse they bee occupied in this or some other the like expedition. And to this endc and purpose giue me Icaue (I be- seech you) to imparl this occurrent to your honourable and prouident cOsideration : that in the yerc one thousand hue hundred eighty and scuen, when I had caused the foure voyages of Kibaiilt, Laudonnierc, and Gourges to Florida, at mine owne charges to bee printed in Paris, which by the malice of some too much alVcctioncd to the Spanish faction, had bene aboiie twentie yeercs suppressed, assoone as that bookc came to the view of that rouerend and prudent Counseller Monsieur Harlar the lord chiefe lustice of France, and certainc other of the wisest ludges, in great choler they .isked, who had done such inlollerable wrong to their whole kingdome, as to haue concealed that woorthie wurkc so long ? Protesting fur- ther, that if their Kings and the Estate had throughly followed that action, France had bene , freed of their long ciuill warres, and the variable humours of all sortes of people might haue m had very ample and manifold occasions of good and honest emploiment abroad in that large and fruitfull Continent of the West Indies. The application of which sentence vnto our lelues I here omit, hastening vnto the summarie recapitulation of other m.itters contained in this worke. It may please your Honour therefore to vnderstaiid, that the second part of this first Treatise containeth our auncient trade and traflique with English shipping to the Hands of Sicilie, Candie, and Sio, which, by good warrant herein alleagcd, I (ind to haue bene begun in the yeere 1.51 1, and to haue continued vntill theyeere l.')i»2. and somewhat longer. But shortly after (as it seemeth) it wa.s intermitted, or rather giuen ouer (as is noted in master Caspar Campion.s discreet letters to master Michael Lock and master William Winter inserted in this booke) first by occasiu of the Turkcs expelling of the fouru and twentie Mauneses or gouernours of the Gcnouoin out of the He of .Sio, and by taking of the savd Hand wholie into his owne hand in Aprill, 15G6. sending thither Piali Basha with fourescore gallies for that purpose ; and afterwanl by his growing ouer mightie and troublesome in those Seas, by the cruell inuasion of Nicosia and Famagusta, and the whole He of Cyprus by his lieutenant Generall Mustapha Basha. Which lamentable Tragedie I haue here againc reuiued, that the posteritic may neuer forget what trust may bee giuen to the oath of a .Mahumetan, when hee hath aduauntage and is in his choler. Lastly, I haue here put downe at large the happie remiin<; and much increasing of our in- terrupted trade in all the Leuant, accomplished by the great charges and special! indusirie of the worshipfull and worthy Citizens, Sir Edward Osborne Knight, M. Richard Staper, and M. William Hareborne, together with the league for traffike onely bctweene her Maieatie and the CJrand Signior, with the great priuileges, immunities, and fauours obteyned of his imperiall llighiicssc in that behalfe, the admissions and residencies of our Ambassadoura in his stately Porch, and the great good and Christian offices which her Sacred Maiestie by her extraordinary fauour in that Court hath done for the king and kingdome of Poland, and other Christian Princes : the trafTikc of our Nation in all the chiefe Hauens of Africa and Egypt : the searching and haunting the very bottome of the Mediterran Sea to the ports of b S Tripoli vH n viii I. Kinj.wp. J. a. Chtun. C4|'. %t THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE. Tripoli and Alrxandretta, nrthe ArchiprlaKiH. I>y ihc Tiirkc« now called The wliite aea, euen h) ine wallcM of ConHianiinnpIc: ilic voya^ri oiicr land nnd by riuer throtiKh Aleppo, Dirrha, Babylon riul DaUnra, and downc ttie IVrni:in tfuH'o to Ormii/, and thrnre by the Ocean Ne> to Goa, and n<;ainc niirr-lnnd to Ri^nagar, Can)l)ain, Orixa, nen;;nln, Aracan, I'ckHi Malacca, Slam, the lan^omex, Qtiicheti, and ciirn lo the rronlieni of the Kinpire of China: the for- mcr performed diucrse tinicn by iiiindry of our nation, and tiu* last jjrcat voyage by M. Ralph Fitch, who with M. lohn Newbcry and two otlicr con-turlH departed from l^nndon with her Maienties litters written circctiially in their fiiiour to tiie kin>;s of Cambaia and China in the yere l.'iSJ, who in the ycere 1591. like another PaithM VenclUH rcliirnrd home to the fdace of hiit departure, with ample relation of hi* Wdndcrfiill traiiaiicN, which he preNented n writing to iny LonI your father of honourable memorie. Now here if any man xhall take exce|)tion ai>ainHt thin our new trade with Tiirke-< nnd mis- belceuers, he Khali shew hini' Lancaster, who duth not onily recount 1 rec Ihe eul lo aiU Pe nil 'Iiite Ma, euen leppo, Birrha, •he Ot-can Hca 'cum, Malacci, hiiia : the Tor* nyaftc hy M. Lniulon with and China in 1 home 1(1 ihc he preNcnted rken and mi.x- lli>lamed in \n, pfore let our e ihemxelucs ' vent for onr eritied. That nnd Volume, second part. •«i, dis|lo^cd, Nation, and rm< come more ur trades to ind (iamhra, eiiic sundry witli a late if course of osition and l)le inarkes •at \ariation n t.r S. Mi- if Ihc nee- bound, the two wa\es, iiiic rockes vndoubted ' dciiiicrcd isscn^cr in I K.'igland : not onrly recount THE EPISTLE DEDICATORIE. recount and ronfirmc most of the thinjjs aboue mentioned, but also doth aeqinint vs with the state of the vovanc beyond Cape Comori, a:iil tlic Isle of Ccilon, with the Isles of Ni« rubar and (iomcs I'old Kinj; williiii two leagues of ijie rich Island Sumatra, and those of I'u- lo Piiiaom, with tlie inaine land of lun^nlaon and llie strei);ht of Malacca. I haue likewise added a late iiilirct piid letter of a Poriiijjall reuealinK the secret and most gainefull trade of IVgii, which is also (onlirmed by Cesar Frcdcrirke a Vcnctiun, and M. Uulph Fitch now li- 11111^ here ill l.oiuldn. And because oiir chicfe desire is to llnd out ample vent of our wollcn cloth, the naturall cfinKiditic of this our llealnie, the fittest plai es, which in al m\ readiii<;s and obseiualions I find lor that |iiir|)ose, arc ihr manifolii Islands of Japan, & the Northern parts of China, He the re);ioiis of the 'I'artars next ailinyniiijr ( wlirreof 1 read, that tlic coiintrc) in winter is Assi fria conid riaiides, lliat is to sa\ , as cold as I'lmilers, iV,: that the riucrs be strongly ouerl'ro/.eii) and thcrelore I haue lure inserted two speeiail Treatises of the sayd Countries, the one bc- )>iiinin); pa;;, j Hi, llie other paj;. [>(»(• ; which last diseoiiise I hold to be the most exact of those parts that is yet come to \\<^\\l, which was printeii in l.atiiie in Macao a cilie of China, in Cliiiia-piper, in the veere a ihoiisaiid line hiiiKlred and ninetie, and was intercepted in the great Carack called Madre de Dios two iKcres alter, ineliisnl in a caseofswecte Cedar wood, and lappi'd vp alniost an hundred fold in line cilicul-cloth, as though it had bene some iti- coinparable icwcl. Hut leaiiini; abi'upily tliis discourse, 1 ihinke it iicit imperlineni, before I make an end, to deliiicr some ol the reasons, that inoned nie |.i present this part of my traiiailes vnto your lli'nour. The reuerend antiipiiiie in the dedic.ition of their workes mule choyseof such pa- trons, as eyiher with tlw ir reputation and i reditc were able to countenance the same, or by their wi«edome and v.ulcrstaiubng wen- able to censure and a|)prooue them, or with their abililie were likelv to stand them or theirs in sieade in the ordinarie necessities and accidents) of their life ■roii('iii"g the liiNt, vour descent Imm a father, that was acroimted I'ater pa- triir, yourowiie plai e and creiliu- in execiiiinii of her M.iicsties inw.ird cniinsailcs and piil)- like sernices, adilid t" your \«ell cliscjiarj^ing \our forren iniplovment (when the greatest cause in ('lirisiendome \%as |\an 'led) h;iue U' t onely drawen tnens eves \ pon you, but also foreibi, haue moued nianv, and in\ selle aniiMi!,' the rest to haue our Jalnuirs protected by your authoritie. I'or the second p int, when it pleased your Honour in sommer was two yeeri'^ to haue some i onrcrem f with me, .iiid to dcmaund mine opinion lourhiii;; the >fate of the Counirv of (Jiii.ina, and whether it were lit to Uc planted bv the Kngli>h : I then (to niy no small ioy) did admiie the e\ai I kiuiwkd^e which \i'ii had i;otlen of those matters of India:i Naiii;;ations: and how c.ireluil von were, not to be oiieriaken with anv partiall allec- tion to the .\ctien, appe.ired alsc, l)\ the sound arniiments wliich you made prn & contra, of the likelihoi d .i d reason of u'ni.d ur ill snccesse of the same, belorc the Slate and <'otn- tnon wealth (whercMi voii li lue a'; e\lr lorilinarie vovce ) sluxild be larther engaged. Iiicon- sideralion whereof I thinke m\ selle ihrise hap|)ie to haii'' these my trauailes censured by your Iliinours so w II a|)proneil iuil^i ineiit. Tein hiny the third and la>ne ai'd al.'nw mv lalx tirs, and desire to piiblisli the .same. Where- fore to cnnelude, seeing tliev Like llicir life a d ii^iht lictn the most cheerefiill and benigne aspect of your faiiour, I thinke it my bouiuleii diiiie in all hiimiiilie and with mucii bashrtil- n esse to reKunineiid my sell'eai> I them vnto vour riuhl ih norahle and fauoiirable proleelion, and your llonuur tu thcmercilull tuition of the most l!ii>h. rroiii London this 21. of Ocio- bcr. IhW. Your Honours most htiinble to hi' commanded, Kichard llakluyt preacher. m "^ 'CATALOGUE OP THB -■*•' VOYAGES &c. OF THIS SECOND VOLUME. The vanquisliinp of llie Spanish Armada, Anno 1588. The honourable voyage lo C'adii!, Aiiiin loUti. pag. 1 1» Voyages made by and within the Strcight of Gibraltar, to the South ar.d Southeast quarters of the world, conteined in the first part of this second volume. Before the Conquest. 1 The voyage of Helena the Empressr, daughter of Coehis king of Britain, and mother of Constan- linr the Great to lerusalem. An. 337. ..... 2 The voy;ige of Cnnstantinr the Great Kmiteronr and king of Brilanie, to Greece, jEgypt, Persia, and .\iiia, Anno 331). .... . . 3 The loyatfe of Pelagiiis Canihrensis, vnder Maxiums king of the Brilaiiies, into ^gypt and Syria, Annli M>0. . . . ■ . . ' . 4 The voyage of orrtaine Engh»hiuen sent l>y the French king to Constantinople, vnto Iiistinian the I'iiiiperour, al)Oiit the yteri' of onr lord 5(K). .... 5 Till nitiiiorahlf voya,;e of Suhclimis hiihop of Shirhnme, sent by king Alphred vnto S. Thomas of India, An. 883. lontirnu'l l)y two totiiiioniei. .... f 'llie loyam" of lohn F.rigi ii, vnder king Alpliii il, to .\ll.( n«, in the yeeri of onr Lorde 8S5. 1 Tlie \oyagc of Andrew Whiteman, aluis Liiiraiidtr, vnder (."aiiiilus the Dane, to Pala'stina, Anno W2I). . ....... R The voy.igf of Swamis one of the wmiiiHof I'.arle (Jodwin, vnto lerusalem, Anno 1052. S A voviiue of Ihrrr .\iidiii->adours »eiil in liii time of king hdward the Coiifesaur, vnto Constantinople, and from tliiiiu' vnto KpiicMi", .Anno IOi(i. .... 10 The \oy iiifof Aliirid liishopof Uonoler vnto Icnisalen), .\nno 1058. . , 1 1 T!ie voyage of liigiilpliu*, allerwaril Alili.it of Croilaiitl, vnto lemsalem. An. 1064. pag. 34 35 36 37 38 38 39 39 40 41 41 Since the Conquest. i2 A voy:ii;i made hy dinerse of the hoiioiirahle faiiiily of ilie Br.nichamps, with Rotiert Curtois the Sonne i.| W'llliuin the Conqiirronr, lo leni " ' ' ■ 14 Thc.ov snone "I »> iMiuin iiie viinqucronr, lo leni^a.eiu, .inno lw^^n ic uiyii' of (luliHre an I'.ngli.h I. ady married vnto Baldwine brother of Gcdtrey duke of Bou- ill"!i. t>wiird I. riisalcm. An. I!);t1. ..... lie ,oy x^ir of K.iln.ir tlie Sonne of K Iv.ard, which wa» ilir sonne of Kilinund surnained Ironside, lirotii' [■ vnto kin; Kdw m'. ttii- Comessor (being aecuni|>anled with valiant Robert liie Sonne of God»iiie) lo Urusjlem, Anno 1102. .... 44 44 44 IS The ik A CATALOGUE OF THE VOYAGES 15 The voyaffe of Godericim avaliiint Knglialiman. wlio traimileil with hit ibipt in an expedition Tnto tlic lioly land, Anno 3. Hen. I. ..... 4S 16 The voyajfc of Hardine an Knjflisliman, and one of the priiicipa) commaunderi of 200saylc» of Cliris- tlans nliips «hicli iirriucd at luppa, A.inollO'i. . • • ^ ^^-^ — U A voyace by sea of I'.njlichnien, Danes, and KliniiiiR". «1>° ^"■'".'^'{he ^."yeerc of Henry 'lile'firrt, sruenth yet rr of baUlwiiie the second, king of Icrusalei" ' ^ _ . ' 41 kingof Kngland. ...me to A-'.gypt and Arabia, in the yrere of our Lord 1130. . 49 19 The voyage of William Arclibisliop of Tyre to Icrusalein and to the citie of Tyre in Phoenicia, Anno 1130. . . . . . . . io 20 The voyage of llohert Ketcnrnsi^, vndcr king Stephen, to Dalniatia, Greece, and Asia, Anno 1143. . . . .... JO 21 A voyage of certaine Englithmen mder the conduct of Lcwii the French king, vnto the holy land. Anno 1147. .... ... 51 22 The voyage of lohn Lacy to Itrusalrin, Anno 1173. . , . 51 23 The voyage of William Manlruile Kric of I'^six to lerusalein, Anno 1 m. . . 51 24 The fainoiis voyage of itichard the lirtt, king of England into Asia, for the recoucring of lerusalein out of the lianiliof the Saracens, Anno 1190. .... 55 25 Tlic Voyage of DaUluine Archhi^linpof f'anterbiiry vnto S\iia mid Palffistina, in the yeere 1190. 64 26 I'lit voyage of Richard auriiaiiied CanonicuD, vnder king Richard the first, into Syria, and Palicstina, Anno 11 00. . . . .... 65 27 The voyage of Gnlieliiun Peregrinu", vnder king Richard thefiral, to Pahi'stina, Anno 1 ino. 00 28 The voyage of Hiilitri Waller bmliup of .'Salisljury, viidir king Richard also, vnto Syria, .Anno IISIO. ........ in 29 The voyage of Robert Ciirson a nobleman of England, and a Cardinall, vnder Hen. the third to Da- iniata 111 /Egypt, Amiol'JlH. . . . . . G7 'JO The voyage of Raiiiiilph Karle of Clirster, of Saer Qiiiiicv F.arlc of \\'inche»tcr, of William de Albanie F.arle of Arundel, &r. to ilie holy lanil. Anno I'JIS. ... Ii8 31 The voyage of Henry lioliiin. and .'^aer QuiiKy, to liic holy land, in ihe yeere of our Lord 1'.'1.'2. 68 3 J The voyage of Rainulph Olanuile Karle of Chester to the holy Und, and to Oaiiiiala in /Egypt. tiS 33 The voyage of Petrus de Rupiinu lii»hop ol Winrhe. GC Anno in o Da- C7 am in lJari]ary, Anno 15S3. 47 The voyage of M. Henry Auslel hy Venice to Hagusa, and thence ouer-land to Constantinople: and from thence through iSlohlania, I'olonia, Silesia, and Germany into Kngland, Anno 15MG. 58 The voyage of Master Cesar Frederick into the east India, and beyonde the Indies, Anno ISeS. is The long, dangerous, and ineinorable voyage of M. Halpli Fitch niareliant of London, by the way of Tri|Hjli8 in Syria, to Ormn/, to Gua in the Fast India, to Cauibaia, to the riuer of Ganges, to Hengala, to Bacola, to Chonderi, to I'egu, to Siani, &c. begunne in the yeere 1583, and ended 111 the yeere 15lj1. ...... 60 Tlie voyage of M. lohn I'.ldreil to Tripolis in Syria hy sea, and from thence by land and riuer to Uabylon, and Ualsara, Aniiu 15H3. ..... 61 The voyage of M. lohn Kiiesliani liy sea into j?Lgypt, Anno 1586. 62 The voyage of M. Laurence Aldersey to the cities of Alejcandria and Cairo in Aegypt, Anno 1586. 63 The voyage of fiuc inarclianls ships of London into Turkic : and llieir valiant fi^lit in tlieir returne with 1 1 gallies and two frigats of the king of Spaine, at Pantalarea within the Utreits of Gibraltar, Anno I5H(). ....... 64 The voyage of Master ^\'illialn Ilareliorne oner-land from Constantinople to London, Anno 1588. 65 A description of a voyage to Constantinople and Syria begun the 21 of March, 151)3, and ended the ninth of August 1595: uherein is shew ed the manner of e and epitaph of Sir lohn Mandeuil in the citie of Liege noted by Ortelius in hii Itiuera- rium Belgij. .... 11 10 The dedication of hit voyage to king Edward the 3. ... 18 VOL. II. e 1 1 Ab A CATALOGUE OF THE AMBASSAGES, 11 An admonition of Richard Hakluyt touching the new impreasion ami purgation of Mandcuil. . 138 12 Certaine places allengcd out of tliv naturall historic of Phnie agreeing with Mundeuil in his reports of the (liuers shapes of men. ...... 139 13 A testimony concerning Anthony Beck bishop of Duresme, that lie was elected Patriarke of lerusa- lem, and confirmed by Clement the 5. bishop of Rome, Anno 1305. 142 14 The comming of Lyon king of Armenia into England, Anno 138G, to make a treaty of peace be- tweene Richard the second, king of Kngland, and the French king. . . 174 15 The comming of the Em|)erour of Conslanlinuple into lOngland, to ilcsirc the ayde of king Henry the fourth, against the Tiirkes, Anno I40U, . . . . .178 16 A relation of the siege and taking of the citie of Rhodes, by Sultan Soliman the great Turke : Wherein honorable mention is made of diners valiant English knights, Anno 1522. . 173 17 An amhassagc from Don Ferdiiiando, brother to the Emperour Charles the fid, vnio King Henry the eight, crauing bis. lyde agiiinsl Soliman the great Turke, An. 1527. . . 206 18 The antiquitie of tlic trade of Ens^lish marcbants viito the remote parts of the Leuant seas. Anno 1511, 1512, &c. . . . . . .206 19 A letter of Henry the eight, king of England, to lohn the third king of Portugale, Ibr a Portugale ship fraighted at Chio, with the goods of lohn Gresham, VVdliam Lok, and others, and wrong- fully vnladen in Portugale, Anno 15.) I. . . . . . 207 20 The nijinir of the entrini; of Sobnmu liie great Turke, with bis army, into Alepo in Syria, as lice was marching toward IVrsia, against the great Soplii, Ai»iol553. . . . 225 21 A note of the presents that were giutn at the same time in Ali'p,>, to the Grand Signor, and the names of the prcscntors. ...... 226 22 The sale ronduit granted by Sullan Soliman the great Turke, to M. Anthony lenkinson at Ale|M> in Syria, Anno l.i5:S. ••...., 227 23 A discourse of the trade to Cbio written by Caspar Campion, in the yeere 1569. . 227 24 A letter of the sayd {;a>par Campion, to .M. \V'illiam Winter, in the yeare 15C9. . 229 25 A briefe description of tlie Isle of Cyprus. ..... 233 2ii A reiKirt of the siege and taking of Kaiiiagusta the strongest eitie in al Cyprus, by Mustafa Bassa Ge- iierall of the great Turkes army. Anno 157 1. .... 235 27 I'lie renewing anil great increasing of an ancient trade viito diners places in the Leuant seas, and to tile eliielVsl parts of all the great Turkes dominions. Anno 157 i, I57S. . . 252 38 The letters of /iildan Murad Can the great Turke, to tlie sacred Maiestie of Qiiecne Elizabeth, Anno 157!'. ....... 253 29 Tlie aii»in re of lit r Maiestie to the foresayd letters of the great Turke, sent by M. Kieliard Stanly, 111 llie Prudence of Lonilun, .\iino IjT.i. ..... 254 30 The charter of priuili d^es granted lo the English, and the league of the great Turke with the Queenes Maie«tie, for lralbi|Ue onely, Anno 15S(). ..... 257 31 Her Maieslu> liltir to tlie great Tiiike, promising reilresse for the disorders of Peter Baker of Rad- elitle, eoniinilteil III the Leuant, Anno lis 1. .... 262 32 The letters Patents or I'riuiliges granted by lier Maiestie to Sir Edward OslHiriie, M. Rieliiird .Sta- |>er, anil eerlaitie oilier marelianls of London, for their trade into the doinliiions >>f the great Terke, Anno IJSI. . . . . . . . 203 3'i The l'a>|s>rt made by the great Master of Malta viito the Eiii;li>liiiieii ill the Barkc Rainolds, Anno 1 tH.', .... ... 273 31 The tiuienes eoniiiiissiun giiien to her seniaiil M. W'llliani . Iwrne, to bee Hall English Factor at Conslanlinople. .... 2S0 3'i .\ litter of Mu>t»(a Chaus lo the (iiuene> Mail slie. Anno 1583. . . 292 40 A lettirof ^L William Hareborne, to M. Hariiie Milium, appointing him Consul for the English nulion, in AbA.milna, Cairo, ^ oilier places of Egypt, in the yeare ot our Lord 1583. . 293 41 A coniuiisKion gnien by VL Wilbaiii Ibirelioine the Engli«li Ambassador, to M. Kieliard Forster, aiiiliorizing Iniii Consul of the English iialiun, in the paries of Alr|»>, Daniaseu, Amaii, Trijtobs, leru^ialeui, &c. together with u letter of directions to llie sayd ^L Forster, Ami. 1583. . 292 42 43 44 45 42 A letter ».i7sk3SS 138 138 142 174 178 Hi) 206 20(5 207 225 226 227 227 229 233 235 252 253 254 257 2C2 263 273 275 277 278 279 280 292 TREATISES, PRIUILEGES, LETTERS, &:c. 42 A letter »ent from Alger to M. William Hareborne li.r iMaiestics Ainliausador at ConttantinopV, Anno 1583. ....... 294 43 A litter o( M. Hareborne to Muittafu, cbalenging liii» for liiii disboiiett dcalln;; in transliting three of the Grand Signers connnamlenicntu. . . . . , 2 i4 44 A Pas|iort grauntcd to Thomas Shinglelon by the king of Algor, in the ytare 1,')83. 295 45 A letter written in Spaniiili by Sir Edward Onliornc in liis Maior.iiiic, to the king of Algir, on the be- liall'e of certaine Englisb captiues. An. 158I-. .... 295 46 Notes concerning the trades of Alger and Alix;>ii(lri:\. .... 2y7 47 A Icttir of M. William Hareborne the l^llKll^!l An.liinsadmir, In M. IMward Uarton, Anno 1584. 2j« 48 A icnnnandcment ohtayned of the Grand Signm l)y lur !\I■^il•^li^s Anilia-sadour M. NVilhaui Hare- borne, liir the quiet passing of liir suhicci» lo ami frnni his dominion.-, sent to the Viceroyes of Alger, Timis, and 'rriimlis in jJarliary, An. liSk .... 299 49 A Utter of the hon. M. W illiani ILirchonic, liir Maienits Ambassadour with the Grand Sijjnnr, to M. 'I'ljiton, apiMjinting him C'oii-iil of the I'ji^'lish, in Ali^er, Tunis, and I'ripolis in Harbary, Aiuio l.'.Sj. . . . . . . . 'iy* 50 A (alaloguc or riuiMn' of the F.ngli^ll ■hips goods, and persons wrongfully taken by the Galhys of Ali;(i-, with the names of the Knglili capliuts, deliuered to Hassan Ha>>a the UigUrbeg of Al- ger, \r. . . . . . . . .301 51 A litler (if M. William Ilarclinine her Mait>lies Aiiibas.-ador f^e. lo Assan Aga, F.umieli and tica- 8iir( 1 Milci Hassan liussi k:i\:;' of Alf;< r : xvliu li Avsan Aga was sonne to I'laiiiis Howly mei- (li.uil of l!n-tol, and uas lak< n in iin l'.n'„'lisli ship called the S»allii\c. . . 302 52 A pel.li.Mi 1 xhiliilid III the \ieeiiiy iif llie Ti'ikisii Kinpiri tii'- ril'.iriiiiitii.n of sinidiy iiiiiiries ntlered our nuliim in Mnn a, ■•'» iilsii liir sunilry ileinaiiiules lueiMiiU lur iIk islablishing of the trallieke m ihci-l- p.llls. . . . . ■ . . 30J 53 A oiiiiMiandi II enl nf llie ('land Sini.or lo I'alnisso in Morea, on the behalfe of the Kni;li>li. 303 Bl I he (>iitiiil ."-inniiii. I iiiiiiiiaiiili iiieiil lo C'liio mi the behalli' of the I'.nglish nierelianls. . [tOi ii Thii .1 Tiiiki tiir the re-liliiliiin of an Kiigli-li ship eallecl The lesus, and of the l!iigli-h lapliiii's ihi.iinnl ai Tii| oils in Ihuliary, \ lor certaine eiher Knglishmen which re- ni.oiiiil piisoni rsal Al;;- r. Annnl.i'-i. . . . 314 61 Till glial Tiiik..- Ii 111 r- loih.- kiii; of Tripoli- in Ihiihary, eomnianihnj; ihi re-tilution of an F,n- ^I'-li-liip 1 alUil The liMis. Willi llie men and i;ooils v^c. Anno liH.)., , . ;i|i; 62 i III li 111 r el M. \\ ilhaiii 1 l.irelioiiic In 1 Maie-lies ,\iiiha— adoir to l!a-sa Hoii.adan the Heglerhcgof I iipiilis 111 B.aliary, lor llie n -lonni; of the sayd ship called 'I'he lisiis. Anno 158,5. . JIfi 63 '1 lie ;;ieal I uikes l'ai.(>on (if saliioniluet, lor Caplaiiie AiisUl, and lacomn Maiiiiehio. . ,i22 64 A I'.i-poii el the lale'il 1 .. itesici, lor I honias Korster gent, tnuiciling to Constantinople, Anno l.iHii. . . . . ' . . . . 3.12 6 5 A lii -. rii.riiii of ihi \ eaii ly voyage or pilgrimage of the Mahiimetaiis, Turkes and Moores to Mecca III .\l,ilM,l. ' . ' . . . . . . V.'J fill A htler Mr 111 11 ii llie f Jneencs Maieslie to ZelaUlim Eehtbar king of Cambaia. and si'nt by M. loliii NiMlieiy, Anno lJ8:i. ...... 375 6T A leiii r mill n Iniii lur Maustu to tile kin:; lit' f'hina, in the yi arc of our Lord I 583. . j7h 68 Aliilii 111 .M. loliii .New hery sent from Alr|>o to M. Hiehard llakliiytof f)\ford. Ann. I i**j. o'tj ta Aniilii' r lellei of the savd M. Ncwbtry writicn from Ale po to M. I..oiiard I'oore at London, Anno IJn.;. . " . . . . . . 377 70 .\ setoiul lettir 111 llie savd M. NcwlHiy, writien from Habyhui to the aforcsayd M. I'oorc, Anno l.iSi. . " . . . " . . . .378 71 M. NfHiiery 111, letter iViim Ormiiz to M. lohn I'.ldnd, and William Shales, at Halsara, Anno 1 583. 378 12 111- tiiiid lelUr v.riiuii ti) M. I.eiinard I'ooie from tioa, m the yearc 1.584. . . 379 73 A l.iui vrilieiilium tiiialiy .M. li.ilph litili, to M. l.ioiiard I'oore alioiiesayd, Anfiol584. 381 74 I'iie npiiil 111 lohn llniglien van liiischnUii of the impn-niinii nl nf M. NcMbeiyand M. I'lteh at Gu,i, and 1.1 iliin- CM ape liom iheme, wliuh happenid while hiin-elli' was m (ioa. . 399 75 Tlieiiiomy, We,i;iil-, im asiires, and customes vsed in Hahylon, l!al-aia. Ornuiz, Goa, ('ochin, and .M ilieea : wiiilen lioiii Alepo in Syria, liy M. William Hariel, .Anno 158+. . 406 7(i I he I hai'^e ol :i iiiiirney by land and riiierliom .\lepo in I^yna to (ioa in the East India. . 412 'ii A deelaratiuii of all the pfuees from u hence each particular commodilieut the East Indies cumincth. 412 « 2 78 Tbe Ifl !f our LonI 1 i!i2. 85 A letter written by the most high and mighty Empressf the wife of the Grand Signer Sultan Murad Can to her most sacred Maiesty of England, Anno I31>4. . . . 451 4IS 416 427 428 43:i 434 ^i A briefe Catalogue of the principall Engli.sh Voyages made without the .Straight of Gibraltar to the South ami Southeast quarters of the world, rontayncd in the second part of this serond volume immedintly following. Wherein also mention is made of certaine Sea fights, and other memorable acts performed by the English Nation. 1 THe voyage of ■Nlacham the first discoiierer of the Isle of Madera, in the yeerc 1344. . pag. 2 Tlif fir»l voyage to Harbary, Anno 1551. 3 Till' "ccoiul voyage to Harliary, Anno 155l'. .... 4 I'lik voyage of M. 'riioma« W'inilam lo (iiiinea and the kingdom of Benin, Anno 155:). 5 Tiu' \oyai;e of M. lohn Lok lo Guiiiiu, Anno l/i.'i4. . . . 6 Till' lirsl vo\,ige of Ma.ster William Towiwm marchaut of LoniJon to Guinea, in the yeere of our l.onl, \ba. . ■ ..... 7 'Phi' .«uiiiea at the eliargcs of .Sir \\ illiam Giranl, ."^ir William Chester, &c. .\nno lj'(.2. ........ 10 The tirsi \oyageor UoUrt Baker lo (iiiine.!. .An. Ijiij. . . . . 11 The voyage of ibe sayil KoIhtI Hakir lo (iiiinea the .«eo Venle, .\n. 15C6. 14 The iiijage and ainbawiiigi of Master I'.iliiiiiiul I loi;aii lo llie iMiijieroiir of Marocro, Anno 157". 15 llie vojau'e of I'honia* Siiikehy iiilo Itaibary, 1 j'-S. . . . . Ifi Tile >oyai;e ot TiiomaH Mcuens about the tape of Hiioiia Es|ieranza vnto Goa in the East India, Anno l5T:i. ....... n The memorable voyage of M. lames I.anruster about the Cape of Hiiona Esixranza, along the I'a^lerne coast of Africa, beyoiiil Cajie Coinori, as far as tlie inaine land of .Malacca, and from llienci' home agaiiie, Ih'^^uii in the yeeie I ri). .... 18 The voyage and anibaiw;ige of Master Henry Uulieit. to Miilly llamet Enqieroiir of Maroc?co, Anno IJH5. ........ 19 The voyage made by Uvo of sir Waller l{:ilei{li'* Pinawi, ealhcl Tlie Ser|>eut and The Mary Spark of I'linioiilh to llie A/orrs : wlneli looke llie goiiirnourof llie Isle of .S. Michael, and Pedro ijaroiiciito goucrnuur uf the Su-eighls of Magellan in llie yere IJiSo, 45.» 463 463 irA 470 480 4!y6 504 516 518 523 531 5.iJ 541 545 581 58(i 602 606 20 Tht WITHOUT THE STRAIGHTS. 50 The roytgt of Sir Francii Drake to Cadiz, and the mcmoruble exploiti and teruice* performed ' by him aa well there aa at diuiTw other placen vpon the coa«t of Spainc and Portiig ile, and hit taking of the great Kant Indian Curak called The Sant I'bihp, neere the hie of M. Michael, Anno 1581. ....... 601 51 A voyage to Dcnin beyond the countrey of Guinea made by Master lames Welsh, who set I'oorth in thcyecre 15H8. . . . . . . .613 22 The second voyii^e made by M. lames Welsh to Benin in Afrira, An. 1590. . 618 23 The voya){e to Spame and i'ortugalc written (as it is thought) by Colonell Anthonie Wingfield, An. 15811. . . _ . . . . . 622 24 The voya({c (if the Hi({ht honourable the P'arle of Cumberland to the Azores, m the yeere 1 599. C4T 25 A lij;lit |HTr(irnu'd by ten marchanl.'i ships of London against 12 Spanish gallies, in the Strvit of Gi- braltar. An. 1 VH). ....... 660 26 The valiniit li);hl pirrnrined in the Streit uf Gibraltar by the Centurion of London, against fiue .Spanish gallirK, An. 151(1. ...... 663 27 A true rqwrt of the lii;lil about the Isles of the A/iirt», belwrene the Reiienge one of her Ma- iesties ships vniler the conduct of Sir Iticliurd Gnimile, and an Arniailu of the kmg of Spame, An. 15111. . . . . . . . 663 28 A voyage of certaiiie sln|M uf London to the coast of Spaine, and the Azores, An. I59L Reported by M. Robert Flick. . . . . . .671 The Ambassagcs, Letfrrs, Priiiilc<;cs, Discourses, and other necessary matters of circiniistancc n|>|)rrtuiiiing to the voyages in the .second part of tiiis second vo- lume next ensuing. 1 A Note edncrniini; llie ayde and awislaiice aiiicn to king I"lin llie first of Porlugale, by certaine I'.iiijlisli iiierili.iMi>, till- llie winning iifCi 111 111 Harlwry, .\nnii in. ■>. . . pag. 456 2 The .\iiili;issiin( uf luliii llie sicimd. km;; of I'nrtiiniile l 1 fSl. 457 3 A linel'e mile 1 niiceniiny; an iiiieieiil Iraile nl I'li^lisli iiuiieh;iiils In tin t'.iii.iiic l>les. Anno l5Jo. 457 4 .\ ilisi ii|il;iiM 111' llie tan. irie IsI.iih1>, Willi llieir »ii.iii'.;e liu, Is ;.iiil (•iiiniiiciililiis. , 458 5 Tlie iiininiiiilities anil u.iiis tliat are .nosi 1! -ind in Cuiiiu-a, lul'.Mxt Sierra Ltuna, and the furthest pl.iee III' liir Miiiii. ....... 513 6 Cerlaiiie ailiilesnf re.ni inliranee dtliier. .' 1 • M. lelin Lok, tiniehing a voyage to Guinea, Anno I'lc.l. ........ 514 7 .\ leiuror ^L Iiiliii l.ok lo the Horsliipfiiil company of iiiarclianis adiienturers of Guinea, Anno 15(.l. . . . .' . . . .515 8 Tile iilatiiiii iif line N\ illhiiii Kiilter eiiiieerning a voj.ure si I out ti> Guinea, Annol5iiJ. Described :ilsii III ti I'se liy Itiilx il liaki T. . . . . . . 516 9 A iiiiiliiiK at Sir N\ illiain (lirunls limise for the nclliiig I'oorlli of a voyage lo Guinea, with the Million of llie tiiiiiiies. The loliii Haptist of I.ondoii, and the Mcrline of M. Gonson, .Vnno 1)1.4. . . . . .531 10 A nlaliiiii 111 the sueeesse of ihe same Miyage, taktii out of a voyage of Sir lolin Hauklns to the VV.st Inilns. . . . . " . . . 531 1 1 Ciruiiie ie|Kirls of the lnl^;llty kiiigiloiiie of Cliiiia deliiiered by I'ortugalcs wliieli wiie there ini- piiMiniil. . . . . . . . . 5 (6 12 .\ il.Mours*' I'f llie I«le of I^paii, and of ollitr Isles in the Kast Ocean, iic. . 500 13 .\n lAi, lit 111 diM 1 I l 111 III llie kiii^iliiiiii of China, and of llie e^lali .mil goiuniement lliereof 509 14 .\ lull li n latiun ol Hn. great nla^nll'u'enee and lu li tralVieke of llu kin^iloiii uf I'egii, Inyoiid the l'',i t linli.i. . . . . . . ' ". 5S5 15 Ceiiaiiie 11 iiu iiilir inees of a \iiyai;e inlended to lirasil, and to the riiier ol Plate, but hum rably oiuiiliri'Wiii nil re Itio f;iaiicle in ("Uiiiea, in llie jure 15H:i. . . . 595 lli The < e.ipe ol tin I'liinrnsr, a sliip ol l.niiilon, from before ibe towne of Bilbao ill Biscay, and the taking of llie C'oni^iilor, Anno 15H5. . . 597 n The irl A CATALOGUE OF THE A\fBASSAGES, &c. 17 Tlir kinn or S|raiiu'ii Coiniiiiuion fur (lie grnerall iinburgincnt or armt of the Engliili &c. Anno 1585. ........ 1 8 The LctiiM p.itoiils KTiinlcil hv her Maie»tie to i-ertaine nulileincn and merchantu of London, for a tniilc (o Harlwry. Aiiiii> I.SS;i. ..... 19 An rdict from ihi' l''iii|K?ruui' of Marocco in faiiour of all Kn|{ll«hnicn trailini; throughout hii domi- nions, Amiki isrti. ....... 20 A lelUr of ihc siyd ein|)eTimr wrillcn Id llir K.rli of I.iiccslcr, in the yearc 1583. 21 A letter of the ({uceneii Maienlie written t.> lh( einjieroiir of Maroieo, in the yrre 1587. 22 A patent |t Indian (leelc exjiceled to hane arriiied in Spaine, An. 1592, with the number of iihli» of ihe winie lleete thai ix'ri-lnil and ^nfl'ered nhipshraek &r. 9C A larfrr testimony of lohn Muit;hen van Liiisrholin eoneeriiiiif( the worthy enploita atrhieued by the right lion, the erle of riiinhcrland, by Sir Martin Kroliislitr, Sir Uiclnrd Grinuile, and diuers other Knglish Captains, alMxil the Ules of the Aforea, and vpontbe coa>tet of Spaine and Portii- gale, in the yearck 158tf, 1590, 1591. ..... 599 599 603 604 « 605 610 616 i 621 i 670 , 674 lati ate for Ar in ag Et fie bt THE ■ r - f iF*c wM r^:2»2K: m THK SECOND VOLUME or THI PItlMaPALl NAUIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, or THE E N (i L I S H N A r I O N, MADE TO THK, SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST QUARTERS OF THE WORLD, WITHIN THE STRAIGHT OF GIBRALTAR, WITH THE DlllKCnONS, LKTTERS, I'RIUILKUCJES, UI3COURSES, AND OBSEKUATIONS INCIDINT TO THK SAMC. PRECEDED BY THE MEMORABLE DEFEAT, THE SPANISH HUGE ARMADA, AND THE UONOUKABLE VOYAGE TO CADIZ. i The miraculous victory atchicueil by the Englisii Fieete, vndcr the iliscrect and happy conduct of the right honourable, ri};ht prudent, and valiant lord, the L. Charles Howard, L. high Admirail of Enj;land, &c. Vpon the Spanish huge Ar- mada sent in the yeere 1588. for the iniiasion of England, together with the wofull and miserable successe of the said Armada afterward, vpon the coasts of Norway, of the Scottish Westerne Isles, of Ireland, of Spainc, of France, and of England, &c. Recorded in Latine by Em.inuel van Metcran, in the 1,"). Bookc of his history of the low Countreys. HAuing in part declared the strange and wonderfull cuents of the yccrc cighfie eight, which hath bene so long time foretold by ancient prophesies; wc will now make re- lation of the most notable and great enterprise of all others which were in ihe foresaid veere atchieued, in order as it was done. Which exploit (although in verv deed it was not per- formed in any part of the low Countreys) was intended for their ruinc and destruction. And it was the expedition which the Spanish king, hauing a long lime determined the same in his minde, and hauing consulted thereabout with the Pope, set foortli and vndertooke against England, and the low Countreys, To the end that he niiglit subdue the Realme of England, and reduce it vnto his catholique Religion, and by that meanes might be suf- ficiently reuenged for the disgrace, contempt and dishonour, which hee (hauing '.U vecres before enforced them to the Popes obedience) had endured of the English nation, and for vui.. II. B diueis VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS. The Spanish Armada. Thr prrparition of thr Spaniih Kii)K (o subdue En^linJ and the lowt Counucyi. rtip number and (]ualitic of thf ihips in the S|ianish Flcete, with the ioiil- diets Manners, ind pieces of Ordinance, diuera other iniuries which had taken dcepe impreiision in his thnughtf*. And alxo for that hee deemed this to bee the moHt readie and direct courMe, whereby hee might recouer Kin heredetarie pns<«e>tfiion of the lowe Coiintrcyi«, hailing restrained the inhabitants from '•ayiing vpon the coast of England. Which verily, vpon most weighty arguments and euident rea- sons, was thought would vndoubtedly haue come to pawe, coiiHidering the great aboundancc and store of all things necessary wherewith those men were furnished, which had the managing of that action committed vnio them. But now let vs describe the matter more particularly. The Spanish King hauing with small fruite and commoditic, for aboue twentic yecres to- gether, waged warre against the Nctherlanders, after deliberation with his counsollers there- about, thought it most conuenicnt to assault them once againe by Sea, which had bene at- tempted sundry times heretofore, but not with forces sutbcient, Vnto the which expedi- tion it stoode him nowe in hand to ioyne great puissance, as hauing the English people his professed enemies; whose Island is so situate, that it may either greatly hclpc or hinder all such as saile into those parts. For which cause hee thought good first of ail to inuade Eng- land, being pcrswaded by his Secretary Escoucdo, and by diners other well experienced Spaniards and Dutciimen, and by many English fugiiiues, that the conquest of that Island was lesse difficult then the conquest of Holland and Zeland. Moreouer the Spanianls were of opinion, that it would bee farre more behouefiill for their King to conquerc England and the lowe Countreys all at once, then to be constrained continually to maiiitaine a warlike Nauie to defend his East and West Indie Fleetes, from the English Drake, and from such like valiant enemies. And for the same purpose the king Catholique had giiien commandement long before in Italy and Spaine, that a great quantitie of limber should be felled for ihc biiikling of shippes ; and had besides made great preparation of things and rurniture requisite for such an expedition; as namely in founding of brasen Onlinanre, in storing vp of come and victuals, in travning of men to vse warlike weapons, in leauying and mu-tering of soul- diers : insomuch that about the beginning of the yeere l.')N8. he had tinished such a mightie Nauie, and brought it into Lisbon hauen, as neucr the like had before that time sailed vpon the Ocean sea, A very large and particular description of this Nauie was put in print and published by the Spaniards; wherein were set (liiwne the number, names, and burthens nf ihc shippes, the number of Mariners and souldiers throughout the whole Flecte ; likewise the quantitie of their Ordinance, of their armnur, of bullets, of match, of gun-poulder, of victuals, and of all their Nauall furniture was in the saide de-criplion particularized. Vnto all these were added the names of the Gouernours, Cajitaines, Nol)lemen and gentlemen voluntaries, of whom there was so great a multitude, that scarce was there any familv of accomjit, or any one principal! man throughout all Spaine, that had not a brother, sonne or kin.seman in that Flcete: who all of them were in goo« of manieilous force also, and so high that they resembled great castles, most fit to defend ''"°''"*' themselues and to withstand any assault, but in giuing any other ships the encounter farre inferin\ir vnto the English and Dutch ships, which can with great dexteritie wield and turne themselues at all assayes. The vpperworke of the said Galeons was of thicknesse and strength .sullitient to bearc olf musket-shot. The lower worke and the timbers thereof were out of measure strong, being framed of plankes and ribs foure or fine foote in thicknesse, insomuch that no bullets could pierce them, but such as were di.sehargcd hard at hand : which after- ward prooued true, for a great number of bullets were founde to t^tickc fast within the masnie substance of those thicke plankes. Great and well pitched Cables were twined about the ni.isls of their shippes, to strengthen them against the battery of shot. The Galliasses were of surh bignesse, that they contained within them chambers, chapels, a dtKripiion of turrets, pulpits, and other commodities of great houses. The Galliasses were rowed with '*" "*"'"'"■ great oares, there being in eche one of them 300. siaues for the same purpose, and were able to do great seruice with the force of their Ordinance. All these together with the resi- due aforenamed were furnished and beautified with trumpets, streamers, banners, warlike en- signes, and other such like ornaments. Their pieces of brasen ordinance were 1600. and of yron a 1000. The gnuOrdi. The bullets thereto belonging were i20. thousand. 8i"„'';«ui];""r„d Item ofgun-poulder 5600. quintals. Of matehe 1200. quintals. other funmuK Of muskets and kaleiuers 7000. Of halcberts and partisans 10000. Moreoucr they had great store of canons, double-canons, culuerings and field-pieces for land sertiices. Likewise they were prouided of all instruments necessary on land to conueigh and trans- Their prouliion port their furniture from place to place; as namely of carts, wheeles, wagons, &c. Also^^j''lJJ'_['j""'' they had spades, mattocks and baskets to set pioners on worke. They had in like sort great nrceiury. ••tore of mules and horses, and whatsoeuer else was requisite for a land-armic. They were so well stored of biscuit, that for the space of iialfe a yeere, they might allow eche person in the whole Fleete halfe a quintall cuery moncth ; whereof the whole summe amounteth vnto an hundred thousand quintals. Likewise of wine they had 147. thousand pipes, sufficient also for halfe a yeces expedi- tion. Of bacon 65(H). quintals. Of cheese three thousand quintals. Besides fish, rise, beanes, pease, oile, vineger, &c. B S Moreouer VOYAOES, NAUIOATIONS, 'fhe Spnnt$h Annnda. lonimi'th Kii J IOC. louljitri. rhe rrep.iration Cf lllr,|.,k, nf Haima in ,udr thf .ii'3nurdi. Morcoucr they had I5i00() pipes of frwh-water, and nil other nrrensarv prouinion, a# namely randies, lanterru's, lampcs, Maile«, hcmpe, nxc-hidcM and lead to slop hole* that ithould be made with the battery of );iinsh(it To be Nhort, they brought all things ex|>edient either for a Fleetc by sea, or for an artnie by land. This Nauie (as Diego Pimentelli altertvanl ronfessed) wn* esteemed by the King himselfe to containe 32iNH). persons, and to rosi him enery day 30. thousand diirates. There were in the itaid Nauie liue ter/.aes of Spaniards, (which ler/.aes the Frenchmen rail Regiments) voder the romniaiind cS line goiiernour't termed by the Spaiiianis, IVfastersnf tiic field, and amongst the rest there were many olde and expert souldieri rhosen out of the gari- 8ons of Sicilie, Nai>les, and Tcr^era. Their Captaities or Colonels were Diego Pimentelli, Don Francisro de Toledo, Don Alon^o de Lugon, Don Nicolas dc Isl.i, Don Augustin de Mexia ; who had erhc of them '.Vi companies vnder their conduct. Besides the wliich com- panies there were many bands also of ra.stilians and Porlugals, eucry one of which had their peculiar gouernours, caplaines, oilicers, colours and weapons. it was not lawfull for any man, vnder grieuous penaltie, to rary any women or harlots in the Fleetc : for which cause the womi'ii hired ccrtaine shippes, >shereMi they sailed after the Nauie : .some of the which being driiicn by tempest arriued vpon the coxsi of France. The generall of this mightie Nauie, was Don Alonso Perez, de (iu/man duke of Medina Sidonia, Lord of .S Lucar, and knight of (he n'dilen I'ieei e : by reason that the Marques ol sania Cru/. appointed for the same dignitie, deceased before the time. lohn Marlines de Riralde was Admirall of the Fleetc. Francis Bouadiila was rhiefe Marshall : who ail of them had their oflicerM tit and requi>ire for the guiding and managing ol such a multitude. Likewise Martin Alorcon was appoint- ed Vicar generall of the Inquisition, l>eing accompanied with more then a hundreth Monkes, to wit, lesuites, C'apuchines, and friers mendicant. Besides whom also there were Phisiiians. Chirurgians, Apothecarie-, and whaisoeuer else perteined vnto the liospitall. Ouerand besides the forenamet! gouernours and I'fficers being men of rhiefe note, then- were 124. very noble and worthy Gentlemen, which went voluntarily «)f their owne rost« and charges, to the cnde they might see fashions, learne experience, and allaine vnto glorv. Amongst whom was the prince of .\scoli, Alim/o tie Leiiia, the manpies de Pennaliel, the manpies de Ganes, the marques de Barlango, rount lie Paredes, rouni de Yeluas, and diners other niarqueses and earles of the hononrable families of Mendoza, of Toledo, of Parhieco, of Cordoua, of Gu/man, of Maiiricqtirs, and a great number of others. While the Spaniards were furnishing this their Nauie, the duke of Parma, at the direrfion of king Philip, made great prejj.iralion in the low Countreys, to giue ayd Hi as.si.tanre vnto the Spaniards ; building ships for the same purpose, and sending for Pilots and ship- wrights out of Italy. Ill Flanders hee raused certaine deepe chanels to be made, and among the rest the rhanrll of Yper commonly railed Yprr-lee, employing some thousands of workemen about tlwif scriiire: to the end tliat by the said ( hanel he might transport fihips Irom Antwerp ami Glieiult to Briiges, wiiere lieehadassemblec at (jreucling prouided 'iO. liioiis.i d "f i ,is!>c, which in a short space inigiii be I 'llic Spanish . trmadu IRAFFIQUES, AND DISrOUEIUKS. be rnmpact and i(iyni>d li(jJf>?iher wi(l) nail'^ and conii, and rcdurrd into ihr rorme of a bridge. To br short, whaf^'eucr things wvere reqnittife for the making oC bridncn, uiid for the barring and s! ppin^ vp «f h^H^nsi mnuthf?" with »iakci», pontx, and oihrr ineancn, he fonnnaiided lo be inu(! ready. M'TfltW not farre from Nriuport haucn, he had caused a Kreiil pile of woodrii lai..i(-i '<> be layd, and other nirniture to be brought for the rearing vp of a mount. The most part "f lii« ships coiitcinfd two oiienn a niece lo bake brea«l in, witn a great nnmlier of >tadU», hridk-, and • & inlidels, published a ('ruzadn, with mosl ample indulgenceN which were i^„'"" ,7Kli''t prinie.l in great lunnbers. The->e vaine huls the F.ngli^h and Dutchmen deriding, sayd ih.it Lnd indufihr llic dcnill at all p.-wsagcs lay in ambush like a thiefe, no whit regarding such Ictterx ff "talc ■"" i'"""""- conduct. Some there be which aflirme that the I'ope had bestowed the realme of Kngland with the title of Defensor tidci, v|i< n the king ol Spaine, giuing him charge to inuade it spun this condition, that hee should enioy the conquered realm, as a vassal and tributarie, in that re;;ard, \nto the sea of Home. To this purpose the said Pope pruflered a million of goltl, the one halfe thereof to be paied in rradie money, and the other halfe when the realme of Ijigland or anv famous port thereof were subdued. And for the greater fur- iher.mce of the whole Im^inesse, he dispatihed one I). .Mien an F.nglish man (whom he had made Cardinall for the same endc and purpose) info the Low countries, vnto whom he com- mitted liie adminisiratiiin of all matters ecclcsiasticall throughout F.ngland. This Allen being enraged against his oxvne natiue counlr«v, caused the Popes bull to be translated into Eng- li>h, meaning vpoti thearriual of the Spanish lleete to haue it so published in Fngland. Ky which Bull the eMdinniiiniiatinns of the two former Popes were conlirmed, and the (ill. enes incst sacred Maiestie was by them most vniustlv depriued of all j)rincely titles and dignities, her siibiecis being enioined to pcrforme obedience vnto the duke of I'arnia, and \ iito the popes I.cg.ite. But that all matters might be performed with greater sccrecie, and that the whole ex- pedition might seeme rather lo be intended against the Low countries, theft against England, and that tiic English |)eople might be perswaded that all was but bare words & threatnings, and that nought would come to ellect, there w.ns a solemne meeting appointed at Borborch ill Flanders for a trcaiie of peace betweene her maiestie and the Spanish king. Against whii h treaiie the viuted prouinces making open protestation, vscd all meane.s pos- sible to hinder it. alleaging that it was more requisite to consult iiow the enemie now press- ing vpon thcui might be repelled from oil" their frontiers. Houbeit >nnu' tlicie were in r 111; land 1 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Spanish .iriiiadu A treattf of i'f act", to the •■nd thatEng- lilid and tlie ^niird prouin- cc! niijht be secure of inua* Kfr maifitici warlike prcpi- i.ition ^v i.i. Hrr Mairstirl lind-foTcrs. Trf prepan- lionof iht »ni» ifd [irouiiice*. England that j^reatly vrged and prosecuted this leaf^ie, saying, that it would be very com- modious vnto the state of the realmc, as well in regard of traffique and nauigation, as for the auoiding of great expenses to maintaine the warrcs, aflirining also, that at the same time peace might easily and vpon reasonable conditions be obtained of the Spaniard. Others thought by this meanes to diuert some other way, or to kecpe backe the nauy now comming vpon them, and so to escape the danger of that tempest. Howsocuer it was, the duke of Parma by these wiles enchanted and dazeled the eyes of many English & Dutch men that were desirous of peace: whereupon it came to ))assc, that England and the vnited prnuincen prepared in deed some defence to withstand that dreadfull expedition and huge Armada, but nothing in comparison of the great danger which was to be feared, albeit the constant report of the whole expedition had continued rife among them for a long time before, llowbeit they gaue earc vnto the relation of certaine that sayd, that this nauie was prouided to conduct and waft ouer the Indian Fleets: which seemed the more probable because the Spaniards were deemed not to be men of so small discretion as to .iduenture those huge and monstrous ships vpon the shallow and dangerous chancl of England. At length when as the French king about the end of May signified vnto her Maiestie in plainc termes that she should stand \pon her guard, because he was now most certainly en- fonned, that there was so dangerous an inu.ision imminent vpon her realme, that he feared much least all her land and sea-forces would be sudicient to withstand it, &c. then began the Queens Maiestie more carefully to gather her forces together, & to furnish her own ships of warre, & the principall ships of her subiects with souldicrs, weapons, and other necessary prouision The grtalrst and strongest ships of the whole nauy she sent vnto Plimmouth vnder the conduct .)! the right honorable Lord Charles Howard, lord high Admiral! of England, &c. Vnder whom the renoinned Knight Sir Francis Drake was appointed Vice-admiral. The number of the.se ship was about an hundrcth. The lesser ships being .'?(). or 40. in number, and vnder the conduct of the lord Henry Seimer were commanded to lie between Doner and Caleis. On land likewise throughout the whole realmc, souldiers were mustered and trained in all places, and were committed vnto the most resolute and faithfull captaines. And whereas it was commonly giuen out that the Spaniard hailing once vnited himselfe vnto the duke of I'arma, ment to inuade by the riuer of Thames, there was at Tilburie in Essex ouer-against Grauesend, a mightie army encamped, and on both sides of the riuer fortifications were erected, according to the prescription of Frederike Genebclli an Italian enginicr. Likewise there were ceitaine ships brought to make a bridge, though it were very late first. Vnto thesavd armv came in proper person the Queens most roiall Maiestie, representing Tomvris that Scvthian warlike princesse, or rather diuine Pallas her selfe. Also there were other such armies leuicd in England. The principall catholique Recusants (least they should stirrc vpanv timnilf in the time of the Spanish inua.sion) were sent to remaine at certaine conuenient places, as namelv in the Isle of Ely and at Wisbich. And some of them were sent vnto other places, to wit, vnto sun- dry bi>*hops and noblemen, where they were kept from endangering the state of the common wealth, and of her sacred Maiestie, who of her most gracious clemencie gaue expresse com- mandcment, that they should be intreated with all humanitie and friendship. The prouinces of Huliand and ZelancI, &c. giuing credite vnto their intelligence out of Spain, made preparation to defend themselucs : but because the Spanish ships were described vnio them to be so huge, they relied partly vpon the shallow and dangerous seas all along their costs. Wherfore they stood most in doubt of the duke fif I'arma his small and flat- bottomrd ships. Howbeit they had all their ships of warre to the nunilx-r of tX). and abonc, in a readinesse for all assay es : the greater part whereof were of a small hurtlien. as being more meete to saile vpon their riucrs and shallow seas : and with these sliips tlicv besieged all the h.uiens in Flanders, beginning at the mouth of Scheld, or from the towno of Lillo, and holding on toGrciieling and almost vnto Caleis, & fortilied all their st.-townes with strong garriiM>ns. Against I i ( ' The Spauish Armada. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. Against the Spanish fleets arriiiall.they had prouided 25. or 30. good ships, committing the gnuernment of them vnto Admirall Lonck, whom they commanded to ioine himselfe vnto the lord Ilt-nry Scymer, lying bctwccne Doner and Calos. And when as the foresaid ships (whereof the sjreater part l)esicged the haiion of Dnnkcrke) were driuen by tempest into Zcl.ind, Iiistin of Nassau the Admiral of Zeland supplied that squadron with 35. ships being of no };rcat burthen, but excellently furnished with gunnes, mariners and souldiers in great abundance, and especially with 120l). braue Musquetiers, hauing bene accustomed vnto sea- fights, and being chosen out of all their companies for the same purpo.se : and so the said lustin of Nassau kept such diligent ward in that Station that the duke of Parma could not issue foorth with his nauy into the sea out of any part of Flanders. In the meane while the Spanish Armada set saile out of the hauen of Lisbon vpon the 19. of Mav, An. Dom. 1588. vnder the conduct of the duke of .Medina Sidonia, directing their course for the Baic of Corunna, ali;\s the Groine in Gallicia, where they tooke in souldiers and warlike prouision, this port being in Spaine the ncerest vnto England. As they were sailing along, there arose such a mightie tempest, that the whole Fleete was dispersed, so that when the duke was returned vnto his company, he could not cscry aboue 8() ships in all, whereunto the residue by litlc and litle ioyned themselues, except eight which had their mastcs blowen ouer-boord. One of the foure gallies of Portingal escaped very hardly, retiring her selfe into the hauen. The other three were vpon the coast of Baion in France, by the assist- ance and courage of one Dauid Gwin an English captiue ( whom the French and Turkish sialics aided in the same enterprise) vtlcrly disabled and vanquished: one of the three being first ouercome, which conquered the two other, with the slaughter cf their gouernourH and soul- diers, and among the rest of Dun Diego de Mandrana with sundry others: and .so those slaues arriuing in France with the three Gallies, set themselues at libertie. The nauy hauing refreshed themselues at the (Jroine, & rcceiuing daily commandement from the king to hasten their iourney, hoised vp sailes the 11. day of July, and so holding on their course fill the ID. of the same moneth, they came then vnto the mouth of the nan w seas or English chancl. From whence (striking their sailes in the meane season) thev dis patched ccrtaine of their smal .ships vnto the duke of Parma .\t the same time the Spanish Fleete was cscricd by an English pinasse, captaine whereof was M. Thomas Fleming, after thev had bene aduerliscd'of the Spani.inls expedition by their scoutcs and espials, which hauing ranged along the coast of Spaine, were lately returned home into Plimmouth for a new supi>lv of victuals ami olhrr ncress.nries, who considering the I'orcsayd tempest, were of opinion tliai the nauy being of late dispersed and tossed vp and downe the maine Ocean, was by no means able to performe their intended voiagc. Morcouer, the L. Charles Howard L. high admiral of England had receiued letters from the court, signifying vnto him that her Maiestie was aduertised that the Spanish Fleete would not come foorth, nor was to be any longer expected for, and therefore, that vpon her Maiesties commandement he must send backe foure of her tallest and strongest ships vnto (hattam. The lord high .VIniiral of F.ngland being thus on the sudden, namely vpon the 19. of July about foure of the riocko in the aftemoonc, enformed by the pinasse of caplaine Fleming aforesaid, of the Spaniards approrh, with all speed and diligence ])ossible he warped his ships, and caused his mariners and snuUlicrs (the greater part of whom was absent for the cause afore.sayd) to rome on boord, and that with great trouble anil dinirultie, intiomuch that the lord ,\dniiral himselfe was fain" to lie without in the road with sixe ships onely all that night, after the which many otiu'rs came fonrih of the hauen. The very next day being the iJO. of lulv about high noone, was tiie Spani«h Fleete escried by the English, which with a Southwest winil came sailing along, and pas.opd by Plimmouth: in which regard (according to the iudgement ol many skilful nauigators) they greatly oucrshot Iheiiiseliies, whereas it had bene more commodious for them to haue 'faiid themselues there, considering that the Englishmen being as yet vn|)rouidcd, greatly relied vp m their owne forces, and knew not the estate of the Spanish nauy. Morcouer, this was the most coniicnient port of all others, wiicre thev might The Spanish flffte jet tailc ^poi) the 19. of Mjy. Thtyjet i.iile from y Groine %pon the 11. of luly. The Spani- ards come within ken- ning if Fiijbnil. Captiuie He* ming. The I.. AJmi- rils sh.)rt w.irn- ing spun the 19.0!' luly. The JO. of luly. il ■1 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Spanish Armuihi Thru, t.f luly. minht ^^iIh oicnter sccuritic hauc bene aducrtised of the English forces, and how the com- mons of the land stood aflcrted, and niijjht haue stirred vp some inutinie, so that hither they -honld hatic bent ail their jniissance, and from hence the duke of Parma might more easilv Imue conueied his sliip-i. But this they were prohibited to doe by the king and his cminsell, and were exprcssciv t-(immanded to vnite themsohies vnto thesouldiers and ships of the said duke of Parma, and ip(>rting the armie of the duke vndcr the jirotcction of tiieir huge naiiy. thev might inuade England. It is repnrled that the chicfe commanders in tlie nauv, and those which were more skilfull in nauigatioi), to wit, lohn .Nfartincs de Kicalde, Diegc Flores dc Valdc/, and diners ethers found fault that thev were bound vnto so strict directions and instructioiH, because that in such a case many particular accidents ought to concnrre and to be respected at one and the same inxtant, that is to sav, the o|5portunitie of the wind, weather, time, tide, and ebbe, wherein thev might saile from Flanders to I'jigland. Oftentimes also the darkenesse and light, the situation of places, the depths and shoulds were to be considered: all which es- pecially dcjjcuded vpon the conuenicncie of the windes, and were by so much the more dangerous. But it seemeth that they were enioined by their commission to ancre neere vnto, or about Caleis, whither the duke of Parma with hissliijjs and all his warrclike prouision was to resort, and while the I'.nglish and Spanish great ships were in the midst of their conflict, to passe by, and to land his souldiers v])o!) the Hovvnes. The Spanish captiues reported that they were determined first to hauc entred the riuer of Thames, and thereupon to haue pa-i-^cd with small ships vp to London, supposing that thev might easilv winne that rich and flouri-hing C'ltie being but meanely fortified and inhabited with Citizens not acc\istomeil to tiie warrcs, who durst not withstand their first encounter, hoping moreouer to finde many rebels against her Maieslie and popish catholicpies, or some fauourers of the Scottish (picene which was not long before mo.st iustly beheaded) who might be instruments of sedition. Thus often aduerti'ing tl\e duke of Parma of their appnch, the 'iO. of lulv they pa.s»cd by I'limmouth, which the English ships pursuing and getting the wind of them, gaiie them the chase and the encounter, and so both Elects franklv exchanged their bullets. The dav following which was the 'il. of .Inly, the English ships apjirochcd within musqnet shot of the Spanish : at what time the lorde Cliarlrs Howard most hotiv and valiantiv dis- charged his Ordinance vpon the Spanish Vice-admirall. The Spiniards then well pcrceiuing the nimblenesse aiiso that in no and the and ebbe, ■encsse and II which es- \ the more to, or about as to re>ort, to passe by, the riiier of If; that ihov id inhabited t encciunter, lies, or some eadcd ) who ?y passed by me them the hill musquet vniiaiitiv dis- II pcrreiiiins les, jrafhrred ft they should laiier, one of • was fairic to ihal the priii- n/(i de Say as, her fore-mast eclc, neither d. The lonl ' voyd of Ma- that he Miinhf notwitlistand- ■ jjrrat Ihilkcs )e l''nst(Tlin;;s, lerne in stead of 4 The SpnnisJi Armada. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. ! of the English, found himselfe in the morning to be in the midst of his cnimies Flcete, bill when he perceiucd it, hec cleanly coiuieyed himselfe out of that great dan^-^er. The day folowing, which was the two and twentie of liily. Sir Francis Drake espied Val-ThMio/ dez his shippc, whereunto hee sent foorth his pinnassc, and being aduertised that Valdez him- '"''• seife was there, and 4,"i(). persons with him, he sent him word that he should yeeld himselfe. Valdez for his honors sake caused certaine conditions to be propounded vnto Drake: who an- swered Valdez that he was not now at laisure to make any long parle, but if he would yeeld himselfe, he should find him friendly and tractable: howbeit if he hadresolued to die in fight, he should prooue Drake to be no dastard. Vpon which answerc V^aldez and his company vnderstanding that they were fallen into the hands of fortunate Drake, being mooued with the renoume and cclebritie of his name, with one consent yeelded themselues, and found him very fauourable vnto them. Then Valdez Don Pedrode with 40. or .'jU. noblemen and gentlemen pertaining vnto him, came on boord sir Francis Jjl'^^" ^'''^^^^ Drakes ship. The residue of his company were caried vnto Plimmoiith, where they were innyuktn. 74. besieged Leiden in Holland, were sent captiues into England. There were in the sayd ship ;i."^» thousand ducates in ready money of the Spanish kings gold, which the souldiers merily shared among themselues. The same day was set on lire one of their greatest .shippes, being Admirall of the squadron of (iuipusco, and being the shippe of .Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirallof the whole Fleete, which contained great store of gunnepowder and other warrelike proiiision. The vpper part onelv of this klii|>pe w.is burnt, and all the persons therein contained (except a very few) wore consumed with lire. .\nd thereupon it was taken bv the English, and brought into a great Bii. Ijigland with a number of miserable burnt and skorched Spaniards. Howbeit the gunpowder""'' »i'i|"«- l,tii the great admiration of all men) remained whole and vnconsumed. tn'siish. ' In the ineane season the lord .\dmirall of England in his ship called the .\rke-royall, all that nii^lit pursued tiie Spaniards so neere, that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the eniniie> r!e<'te, and it was loure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English I'iect could ouertake him. .\t the same lime Hugo de Moncada gouernour of the foure Galliasses, made humble ,sute \nto the Duke of Medina that he might be licenced to encoiinlcr the Admirall of England: y\\\\vU liherlie the (hike thought not good to permit vnto him, because hec was loth to exceed i.ie liinites of his coinmisant in many Sea-lights. hi this conllici there was a cerlaine great Venetian ship with other small ships surprised and taken hy the English. The English nauie in the meane while increased, whercunto out of all Ilauens of the Kcalme resorted ships and men ; for they all with one accord came Uocking thither as vnto a set lield, where immortall fame and glory was to be attained, and faitlifull seniiteto bee performed vnto their prince and countrey. In which inimber there were many great and honourable personages, as namely, the Erles of Oxford, of Northu'nbcrland, ofC-'umberland, &c. with many Knights and (ientlemen : to wit. Sir Thomas Cecill, Sir l{ol)ert Cecill, Sir Walter Haleigh, Sir William Ilatton, Sir Ilotalio Palatiacini, Sir Henry Brooke, Sir Robert Carew, Sir Charles Blunt, MastirAmbro.se Wil- loughbie. Master Henry Nowell, Master Thomas Gerard, Master Henry Dudley, Master Ed- ward Darcie, Master ArlhurCJorge, Master Thomas Woodhouse, Master William Haruie, itc. And so it came to pa-^se that the number of the English shippes amoimiecl vnto an hnndrelh: which when thev were come before Doner, were increased to an hundred and ihirlie, being notwithstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards, except two or three and twenlie of the Queenes greater shippes, which onely, by reason of their pre- sence, bred an opinion in the Spaniardes miiides concerning the power of the English Fleet : the mariners and souKliers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand. iht u oriuiv. The foure and twentie of luly when as the sea was calme, and no winde stirring, the fight was onely bctweene the foure great CJalleasses and the English shippes, which being rowed with Oares, had great vauntagc of the sayde English shippes, which notwithstanding for all that would not bee forced to yecid, but dischargeii their chaine-shot to cut asuiuler their Ca- bles and Cordage of the (Jalliasses, with many other such Stratagemes. Tliey were nowe constrained to send their men on land for a newe supplie of Gunne-powder, whereof they were in great skarcilic, by rea.son they had so frankely spent the greater part in the former conflii Is. The same dav, a Counsell being assembled, it was decreed that the Engli.-h Fleete should be deui^ in a ranke, and lolowing dose vp one after another, and the- stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser. The Hue and twentie of Inly wlieii tiie Spani.udes were come ouer-gainst the Me of Wight, the lord .\dmirall of England being accompaniecl with his best ships, (namely tiie Lion, Cap- taine tht 25. cf l.ilv. I :\ wl»> 3: Armada. fortunalc Ships, re- •lU seemed ontinunlly 1 their shot lecte close ade others, hem, which ho was de- protection >dilion. all of Eiig- s afarrc oflT, vc frustrate ich wordes c part of a niiersant in IS surprised lens of the thcr as vnto mice to bee y, the F,r!es illemen : to Sir H(h coast, with all the persons contained therein. The duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Flectes arriuall vpon the coast of Eng- land, made all the haste hee could to bee present himselfe in this expedition for the per- formance of his charge : vainely perswading himselfe that nowc bv the nieanes of Cardinall Allen, hee should be crowned king of Engl.ind, and for that cause hec had resigned the go- iiernement of the Lowe countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder. And hauing made his \owes vnto S. Mary of Hall in Henault (^whom he went to visite for his blind deuotions sake) hee returned toward Bruges the yH of luly. The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard the thundering Ordinance of either Fleet: and the same eiiening being come to Dixmnd, hee was giuen to vndcrstand the hard succcsse of the Sp.inish I'leete. \'piin Tuesday which was the thirtieth of luly, .nbout high noone, hec came to Dunkerk, when as ;ill ilie Spanish Fieete w.is now passed by : neither durst anv of Iiis ships in the meane space come foorth to .issist the savd Sjianish Flecte for feare of fine and thirtie warrclike ships of Hollanil and Zeland, which there kept watch and wardc vndcr the conduct of the Admirall luslin of Nassau. The forcsayd line and tiiirtie shippes were furnislicd with most cunning mariners and oldc (" 'i expert II Tht»6.of W\, The 17. of luly. The Spani- ard) mere be- fore Calcis. ThelR. nflul; The lo.of Ijly. Tlie 30. cf I,.ly. m V,! M VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The Spanish Armada. Thf Spaniard V.UI1C npirir Cnncirnuig ewn fleet. n.raSvf expert sniildieix, amongst the which were twcliic hundred Muskcticr-), whom the Stalest had choxcn out of all their garisons, and whom they knew to hauc bene heretofore experienced in sea-fights. This nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suHer any shippe to come out of the Hauen. not to permit any Zabraes, I'ataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete (which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers) to enter thereinto, for the greater ships were not to be feared bv reason of the shallow sea in that place. Howbcit the prince of Parma his forces being as yet vnreadie, were not come on boord his shippcs, onely the English rugitiucs being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanley, came in lit time to haue bene embarked, because they hoped to giue the first assault against England. The residue shewed thcmsclues vnwilling atid loath to depart, because they sawe but a few mariners, who were by cnusiraint drawne into this expedi- tion, and also because they had very bare prouision of bread, drinke, and other necessary victuals. Moreouer, the shipjies of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight, threatening shot and powder, and man\ inconncniences vnio them : for fearc of which shippes, (he Ma- riners and .Sea-men secretly withdrew thcmselues both day and night, least that the duke of Parma hi>. souldicrs should compell them by maine force to goe on boord, and to breake through the Hollanders FIccIc, which all of them iudgcd to bee impossible by reason of the straiglitncxsf of the Hauen. But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and pre- thcir sumptuous expectation, that all the ships of Kngland and of the Low coiuitreys would at the first sight cf the Spanish and Duiikerk Nauie haue betaken thenisehies to flight, yoclding them sea roome, and endeuouring onely to ilefend them^elues, their haiiens, and sea coasts from inuasion. Wherefore their intent and purpose wa«, that the Duke of Parma in his small and (lat-bottomcd >hippes, should as it were vnder the shadow and wings of the Spanish fleet, conuev oner ail his troupes, armour, and warlike prouision, and with their forces so vnited, should inuaile England; or while the English fleet were busieon the bankes whereof hauing at his first arriuall landed twenty or thirty thiuisand of his principall souldicrs, he supposed that he might easily haue woonne tlieCitie of London; both lurause his small shippes should haue followed and assisted his land-forces, and also tor that thcCitic it selfe wasbut meanely fortified and e.isie to ouercome, by reason of the ('iti/.ens delicacie and discontinuance from the w.irres, who with tontiiuiall and constant labtiur might be van(|uished, if they yccldcd not at the first assault. They were in good hope also to h.iie mette with some rebels against her Maiestie, and suns. Wiienas therefore the Spanish fleet rode at anker bef( re Caleis, to the end thev might consult with the Duke of I'arnia wh.it was best to be done according to the Kings com- mandement, .ind the present estate of tlieir alliiircs, and had now (as we will afterward de- clare) purpiised vpon the second of August being Fridav,|with one power and consent to haue put lluir intended l)usinesso in practise; the L. .\dinirall of England being admonished by her M.iiesiies letters from the Court, thought it most expedient either to liriiie the Spanish fleet from that place, or at leastwise to giue them the enci iiiiter: and for that cause (according to her Maiisiies prescription) he tonke forthwith eight of his woorst & basest ships which came next to hand, iS: disburthening tiu-ni of ;ill things which seemed to be of any vilue, filled them with gun-powder, pitch, brimstone, and with other comliustible and (irv matfr; and charging all their ordinaine with powder, Inillets. and stones, he sent the sayd ships i-iy. %pon the 'is of luly being Sunday, about two (if the clotkc after niiio ight, with the winde and < MfaMMlMUWM The Spanish Anmida. TRAFFiaUES, AKD DISCOUERIES. 18 and tide against the Spanish fleet: which when they had proceeded a good npace, being fop* sakcn of the PilotH, and not on (ire, were directly carried vpon the King of Spaines Nauie: which (ire in the dead of the night put the Spaniards into such a perplexity and horroiir (for they feared lest they were like vnto those terrible .ship**, which Frederic lenebelli three ycercs before, at the siege of Antwerp*, had furnished with gun-powder, stones, and dread- ful] engines, for the dissolution of the Duke of Parma his bridge, built vpon the riucr of Scheld) that cutting their cables whereon their ankers were fastened, and hoising vp their sailcs, they betooke themselues very confusedly vnto the maine sea. In this sudden confusion, the principall and greatest of the foure galliasses falling fowie of another ship, lest her rudder: for which cause when she could not be guided any longer, she was by the force of the tide cast into a certaine showld vpon the shore of Caleiii, where she was imnicdiatly assaulted by diuers English pinas^es, hoyes, and drumblers. And as they lay batterinjj of her with their ordinance, and durst not boord her, the L. Ad- mirall sent thither his Innu; boat with an hundreth choise souldiers vnder the command of Captaine Ainias I'rc^ton. Vpim whose approch their fellowcs being more emboldened, (lid (illtT to bdonl the galliasse: against whom the goucrnour thereof and Captaine of all the foiire galliasscs, Ilu^o de Moncada, stoutly opjxtsed himselfc, lighting by so much the more valiantly, in that he hoped presently to be succoured by the Duke of Parma, In the meanc season, Moncada, after he had endured the conflict a gooil while, being hitte on the head with a bullet, fell ie great store of ordinance against the English; who indeed sustained some hinderance, but not comparable to the Spaniards losse: for tliey lost not any one ship|>c or person of account. For very diliuent inquisition being made, the English men all that time wherein the Spanish Nanie sayled vpon their seas, are not found to banc wanted aboue one hundrelh of their peo|)le: albeit Sir Francis Drakes shippc was pierced with shot aboue forty limes, and his very cabben was twise shot thorow, ami about the conclusion of the light, the l)edde of a certaine gentleman lying weary there- upon, was taken (piitc from vndcr him with the force of a bullet Likewise, as the Earle of Northumberland and Sir Charles niunl were at dinner v|)on a time, the bullet of ademi-cul- iiering brake thorow the middest of their cabbin, touched their feet, and sirooke downe two of the Manders by, with many such accidents befalling the English shippes, which it were tedious to rehearse. Whereupon it is most apparant, that (lod miraculously prcserued the English nation. For the L. Admirall wrote vnfo her Maiestie that in all humane rca^ion, and according to the iudgement of all men (euery circumstance being duly considered) the English men were not of any such force, whereby tliev mii',ht, without a miracle, d.ire once to approch within sight of the Spanish Fleet: insomuch that they freelv as( ribed all the honour of their victory vnto (iod, who had confounded the enemy, and had brought his coun.sels to none effect. The same day the Spanish ships were so battered with English shot, that that very night and the day following, two or three of them snncke right downc: and among; the rest a cer- taine great ship of Hiscay, which Capiaine Crosse as.saulted, which perished cuen in the lime of the conflict, so that very few therein escaped drowning ; who rcjiorled ih.ii the gouernours of the same shippc slew one another vpon the occasion following : one of them which would haue yeelded the shippe was suddenly slaine; the brother of the slainc party in reuenge of his death slew the muriherer, and in the nieaiie while the shi|) suncke. The same night two Portugall galeons of the burthen of seiien or eight hundreth tonnes a piece, to wit the Saint I'hilip and the Saint Matthew, were forsaken I'f the Spanish Fleet, for they were so torne with shotle, that the water entered into them on all sides. In the galeon of Saint Philip was Francis de Toledo, brother \nio the Count de Orgas, being Coloncll oucr two and thirty bands: besides other gentlemen; who seeing their mast broken with shoite, they shaped their course, .as well as they could, for the coast r .") men of warre, wiiich had their station assigned lliem \ pon the sinne coast, he was adnio- ■li-hed to yecld hinisclfc vnto them. Which lie rcl'usiii'j: t" do, was stron-jly ;i--^;uilted by iIk'IU Hi* ^ Tlu Spatiish .4rma(la. TRAFFIQUKS. AND DISCOUERIES. 15 tlicm nitogcllipr, and liis ^W\\i being pierced with many bulielM, was brought into farre worse ease then Ijefore, and 40 ol" his souldicr* were slaine. By which extremity he was enforced at length to yecid himsclfc vnto I'cter BanderduesH & other captaincs, which brought him and his ship into Zcland ; and that other ship also last before mentioned : which both of them, im- nicdiatly after the greater and belter part of their goods were vnladcn, suncke right downe. Tor the memory Hf tliis exploit, the foresayd captaine Banderducss caused the banner of one of these shipjjcs to be set vp in the great Church of Leiden in Holland, whiih is of so great a length, that being fastened to the very roofc, it reached downe to tiic ground. About the >ame time another small ship being by necessity driucn vpon the coast of Flan- dcpi, about Blankcnberg, was cast away vpon fhesamis, the people therein being saucd. Thus a maiiihipit almighty God would haue the Spaniards huge ships to be jjresentcd, not onely to the view of uuVklXri^"' the Engli-ih, but aNo of the /elanders ; that at the sight of ihcm they might acknowledge of what small ability they had beene to resist such impregnable forces, had not God endued them with courage, piouidcnce, and fortitude, yea, and fought for them in many places with his owne arme. The '2\) of luly ilic Spanish fleet being encountered by the English (as isaforesayd) and lyini; clo>e togetluT vniler their figh'ing sailes, with a Southwest winde sailed past Dunkcrk, Thediihomu. the English ships stil following the ch.se. Of whom the day following when the Spaniards , "I" 5pj',sh' had g.it sea roome, ihev cut their niainc sailes; whereby they suflicienlly declared that they "'"»' ""•'•" meant no longer to light but U> (lie. For which cause the I,. Admirallof England dispatched JI'ln'/i.^AJV the I,. Ilenrie Seynier with his scpiadron of small ships vnto the coast of Flanders, where, """"• with 111- lielpe of the Duirli ships, he miglil stop the prince of Farma his passage, if perhaps he should attempt to is>ue forth with his army. And he himselfe in the meanesp.icc pur>ucd the Spanish fleet vntill the second of August, bec.iusehe thought they had set saile for Scot- laiul. .\n(l iilheii he followed them very ncere, yet did he not as.saull them any more, for want iif powder aiul bullets. Hut vpon the fourth of August, the winde arising, when as the S|)aniards h.id spread all their sailes, betaking iheinselues wholly to (light, and leauing Scot- land on the left lianil, innded toward Norway, (whereby they sulTiciently declared that their whole intent was to s.nie themselues by (light, attempting for that purpose, with their bat- ter('•■ spi. mighty tempest for the space of two or three dayes together, which it is likely did great hurt ^j'"^'',^'^,'' vnto the Spanish (ieet, being (as I sayd before) so maimed and battered. The English ni w going on shore prouided themselues foorthwith of victuals, gunne-powder, and other things expedient, that thev might !)»• re>-»dy at alla.ssayes to cntertainc the Spanish (Icet, if it chan- ced any more to reliirne. Hut being afterward more certainely informed of the Spaniards course, they thought it best lo leaue them vnto those boisterous and vncouth Northren seas, anti not thereto hunt alter them. The Spaniards seeing now th;it they wanted foure or fine thousand of their people aiul hau- ing (liners maimed and sicke peisuns, and likewise hailing lost 10 or I'i of their principall ships, they consulted among themselues, what they were best to doe, being now escaped oiu cf the hands of the Enu;lisli, because tiieir \ictuals failed them in like sort, and they began n, i(.„iiji.-. also to want cables, cordage, ankers, masts, sailes, and other naual furniture, and vttcrly '''•■'*- 1™|'|,|'""'' paired of the Duke of Farina his assistance (who verily hoping and vndoubledly expecting .Siv;iai.,rji.a the retiirne of tlie Si)anish Fleet, was continually occupied about his great preparation, eom-]"''_J^':;"^;''- inaiuling abundance of ankers to be made, &: other neces.sary furniture for a Naiiy to be pro- iiiiled) they thought it giuid at length, so soone .is the winde should seruc them, to fetch a compasse about Scotland and Ireland, and so to rcturne for Spainc. For M vv^l il il. t< VOYAGES, NAUIGATI0N8, The Spanhh Armada. M I h! M iiprf. S^urtijrdfs vpon For they well vntlcwtood, that mmmanclcmcnt was giucn thorowout all Scotland, that they ihould not haiic any succour or assistance there. Neither yet could they in Norway supply their wants. Wherefore, hauing taken certainc Scotish and other (ishcrboats, they' brought the men on boord their owne ships, to the end they might be their fjuides and Pilots. Fear- in;! "''*" '•^•'"'t 'heir fresh water should failc them, they cast all their horses and mules ouer- boord : and so touching no where vpon the coast of Scotland, but being carried with a fresh gale betweenc the Orcadesand Faar-Isies, they proceeded farrc North, euen vntoGI degrees of latitude, being distant from any land at the least 40 leagues. Ilcere the Duke of Medina generail of the Fleet commanded all his followers to shape their course for Biscay : ami he himselfe with twcniv or fine and twentv *lf his ships which were best prouidcd of iresh water and other necessaries, holdini; on his course oner the maine Ocean, returned safely home. The residue of his ships being about forty in number, and committed vnto his Vice-ndmirall, fell neerec with the coast of Ireland, intending their course for l'a|)e Clare, because they hoped there to get freshwater, and to refresh ihcmselues on land. Hut after they were driuen with many contrary windes, at length, v|)on the seroiul of September, they were cast bv a am/id"c!'JJon tempest arising from the Southwest vpon diners parts of Ireland, where many of their ships tJif inih cMii. j)erlshed. And amongst others, the shippe of .Michael de Oquendo, which was one of the great Gall iasscs; and two great ships of Venice also, namely, la Hatta and Bcl.ui/.ara, with other ,^6 or HH ship* more, which perished in sin)dry tempests, together with most of the per- sons contained in them. Likewise some of the Spanish ship'i were the second time carried with,- •trong West winde into the chanell of England, whereof some were taken by the Fnj;lisli vpni, iheir (oast, and others by the men of Kochcl vpon the coast of France. Moreouer, there arrined at Newhauen in Normandy, being by tempest inrcirced so to iloo, one of the fourc great Cialliasses, where thev foiuid the ships with the S|)anish womei) which followed the Fleet at their setting forth. Two ships also were cast away vpon the loast of Norway, one of them being of a great burthen ; howbeit all the persons in the savd great ship were saued : insomuch that of i;{4 ships, whicli set sailc out of IVirlugall, there returned home 5.'} onely small and great : namely of the fi)ure galliasses but one, and but one of the fonrc g.iliieu. Of the '.M great galleons and hulks there were missing ;»S. and.'{.'i returned : of the |)at3ches and zabraes 17 were missing, and 18 returne , home. In briefe, there were missing 81 ships, in which number were galliasses, gallies, gait i .s, and other vessels both great and .small. And amongst the .").'{ ships remaining, those also are reckoned wiiich returned home before they came into the Fnglish chanell. Two galeons of those whi( li were returned, were liy niisfortunc burnt as thev rode in the haueii ; and such like mishaps did mauv others vn- dergo. Of ^00(K) persons which went ill this expedition, tliere peri>hed ^.i. cording to the number and proportion of the ships) the greater and better part ; and nianv of them which came home, by reason of the toilesand inconueniences which thev sustained in this voyage, (lied not long alter their arriuall. The Duke of Medina inimcdiailv \pon his returne was de- posed from his authority, commanded to his priuate house, and forbidden to repaire vntu the I'ourt ; where he could hardly satisfieor vceld a reason vnto his malicious enemies and bai k- biters. Many honourable personages and men of great renownie deceased soone after iheir I'clurne ; as namely lohn Nlartines de Uicalde, with diners otlicrs. .\ gre.it part also of the Spanish Nobility and (icntrv emploTcd in this expedition perished ciiher l)\ (iuht, diseases, ir drowning, befdpe their arriual ; & among.ihe rest Thomas Ferenoi iirCirandueli a DutchmaUj '■einn carle of ("antebroi. and sonne vnto Cardinall (iranduell his brotlier. Vpnn the coast of Zeland Don Diego de Fimentell, brother vnto the .Mar(|ues dcTamnares,' ind kinsenian \nto the carle of Beneuentuni & Calua, and ("olonell ouer J'i bands with many other in the ••anie ship was taken and detained as prisoner in Zeland. Into F.ngland (as we sayd before) Don Pedro de \'aldez, a man of singular experience, .Hid greatly honoured in his countrev, was led captiiie, being accompanied with Don \'as- i[\w/, de Silua, Don Alonz.o de Sayas, and others. Likewise vpon the Scottish Westcrnc Isles of Lewis, and liaj and about Cape Catityre v])- f)l H4 iliip! -it tile Sjutiuh f!-rr, their t.-- nirrod hjiiie kjt.!.!. -.# i 4 The SiuviiHh ylrmada. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS. (Ml llio maiiic laiiil, there were cast away certainc Spanish shippes, out df which were saue diiurs Ciplaines anil (icntlcnicn, and ahiinot fourc hundred souldiers, wlm lor the most part ;iricr tlicir sliipwnu Ice, were brouj-ht vnto Kdcnborough in Scotland, and being niisierabl; needy and nailed, were there t lothed at the liberality of the Kinj; and the Marchants, and afterward were secretly shipped for Spaine; but the Scotish lleet wherein thev pasMcd touch- inj; at Yarmouth on the coast of Norfoike, were there stayed for a time vntill the ('ouncel>t ple.iHure was knowen; who in regard of their manifolde miseries, though they were enemies, uincked at their passage. Vpon the Irish coast many of their Nol)lenien and Gentlemen were drowned; and diuers >Iaine by the l)arl)arous and wilde Irish, llowbeit there was brought prisoner out ol Ireland, Don Alon/.o de lan'on, C'olonell of two and thirty l)andes, commonly called a tcr/.a of Na- jiles; together with Uodorigo de Lasso, and two others of the family of C^>rdoua, who were I'oniinilled vnto the cnstodie of Sir lJor:itio I'aiauicini, that Monsieur de Teligny the sonne III' .Monsieur ile la Noiie (who being taken in fight neerc Antwerpe, was detained prisoner III the Castle (d'Tiirnev) migh be raunsonied for them by way of exchange. To conclude, iluTe uas no famous nor woorlhy family in all Spaine, which in this e.xpedition lost not a S(>nn( , a brother, or a kinscman. For the per|)eliiall n)emorie of this matter, the Zelanders caused newe coinc of Siluer and bras,se to be stamped: wliiili on the one side contained the arines of Zeland, with this in- ■^criplion: (il.OHY TO (iOI) ONKI.Y: and on the other .side, the pictures of certeinc .;real sliijjs, with these words: TIIF. SPANISH FLEKT: and in the cirnnnference about tlie ships: IT CAM!., WKNT, AND WAS. Anno I.JSS. That is to say, the Spanish lleet lamc, went, and was \ani|uishcd this yere; for which, glory be giuen to CJod onely. Likewise they coined :Miother kinde of money; vpon the one side whereof was repre- senleil a ship fleeini;. and a ship sin(king: on the other side foure men making prayers and giuing thanks vnto (iod vpon their knees; with this sentence: Man piirposeth; God dis- poseth IJSH. Also, for the lasting memory of the same matter, they haue stamped in Hol- land diners such like coines, according to the custome of the ancient Romans. While this woiiiderfull and puissant Nauie was sayling along the Knglisli coastes, and all nu n did now plainely see and heare that whiNh(dly spent in fasting, prayer, ai;d giuing of thanks. Likewise, ihe(iiiecnes Maicsiie herselfe, imitating the ancient Homaiis, rode into London in ir'iiiiiph, in reL':iril ol her owne and her suliiects glorious deliuerance. F'or being at- icndeil vpiiM \ery solemnely by all the principall estates and ojlicers of her Healine, she was ( ariii'd ilmrow her savd City of London in a tryumphant chariot, and in robes of triumph, IVom her Palace vnto the Cathedrall Church of Saint Paul, out of the which the ensignes .\m\ colours (if the \:m(iuished Spaniards hung displayed. And all the Citizens of London in I'leir Liueries siiunl on either side the street, by their seuerall Companies, with their en- siunes and banners: and the sirects were hanged on both side« with IMcw cloth, which, fo- \"i. 11. D scther 17 it«m|ro- uiticri. pray, f.ist, jiitj giue th4tiki VI)tM|»o( t. Hit \fa- cxlif bcinj; entered into the Chun h, ttii;<"thir with her C'lcrnic and Nolilo* Raiir thanks vnto Gild, and lansed a puhliki- Sermon to be preurhed belnre her at I'anU rroMse; wherein none other ur^^innent was handle4 at I'niiU ml jjlory iDK. And 111" ^.iiiK'; fr, eii the oi irrmi'il eerv* \h'- ;cmcnt <>(' rintilioiirt I licr Ma- Hitt nc k^nor. vonagt to Cadiz. TnAFFiaUIvS, AND DlSCOUr.nir.S. nm well liaiic win(lr« alayd hix Hwcllinn lirart, W ill liaih ilu- Sia with fjrrrdic hhII'h viikiiowcn, DciiDiirc'd ih«' driKuiriT to hit ^marl : And mad«* hit •*\»\t* a pray vnto the «and, Ihal iiiraiii to pray \p<)n annthor) laud. And now, () (liircnr, abonc all others Wrxt, For whom l)oih winder and want."* are prrst to figlit, So rule your owne, xo snicour rrieiitU ippprcut, (As Ciirre Crom pride, as ready to do ri^nl) That Kn^rland vou, }ou Fn;;land Ioiik etiioy, No leNse yiiiir IrieiuU dcliKhl, then Iucn annoy. 19 A brif re and true report of the llonnrable voyage vnto Cadiz, I jJMi, of the oucr- throw of the kinn-* Fleet, and of the winning, sacking, and burning ol the Cilie, with all other arcidenis of monienl, thereunto ap|)erlaining. AFlcr that the two nioNt Noble and Henownied I.ordi (JeneraU : The L. itobvrt Faric of r.>«ex, and ilic I,. Charli'N llnwaril I,. Ilijjh Adniirall of ICii^lund, were eonic vnto I'lvminouth (whi( h wa^ al)i;iniiinK ol' May la-tl, iJ'Jil. ) being there aeeonipanieil with diucp* ofher noble I't'ere', a-i liie llarle tif Sussex, the L. Thomas Howard, the L llarbert, the L. W.inlen Sir Walter l{.iliij.^h ; llie I„ Marshall Sir Francis Vere ; the L. Burk, Don Christopher > outV!4 Prime of I'lTlinuall, yo'uig Count l.odouiek of Nassaw, and the Adniirall oi the iloll.uulers. Sir lohn N'anderfoord : besides many other most worthy Knights and Gen- tlemen of great woorth attending vpon this niosi honorable Action: It |ilea.sed them, there III make their abode lor the lime of that irioneth, uswcil lor the new furnishing and icuit Mialing of her Maitsiie- Moyall Nauie : as also for the expecting of some other ships, \\hi(h were to iimie from dineis |)lares of the Healme, and were a» vet wanting: making lli.it place a^ it should >( emi' the Kendeiioiis for all the whole Flecte, there to complete the full innnber of nl sU( h companies both for sea and land: as was in their nuble and dvcpe wisciloines thought mecle and agreed \pon. .Ml the time of this their :ib(Hle there, there was a most /.calous and diligent care had for ihe hoi) scruiie of(i(i(l, ihiyly and niierenlly to be freipiented : and .ilso for other good and ( iuill Older- of inililarie disiipline to lie obserued, to the exi'ccdiug great comfort and re- ioyciiig iif all the he:irls ot the •j,iM\ and well disposed. And for iliat it mi;;lit ilic beiier appeare, that there was small hope of pardon to be ex- |)eried ol' ilie ollemlers, if ilu y did at any time neglect their duties, about due obseruation of mailers 111' importance : Their orders, lawes, and decrees being tince published: about the S. or !). of the s.ime nioiieih, there were two otlenders executed a liltle without the towne, in a \ery fayre pleasani Kreeiie, called ihe Ho: ihe one for beginning of a muteny in his < (iinpany, the other for running :iw.iv from his Colours. And alxuit the s.inic tinu- in liie Diiuh Hegiment, an other for murihering of one of his eompaiiions, abmil a (piarrell betweene themselues, n«ing as it was siijiposed, vpon their (liiiike, was b\ order of Marliall law, j)rcsently tyedto the part ic so murthcred, and foorth- witli bi til of liieiii so ( as| into the sea Moreouer, abaiit ihe 'iS ol' the same monetb, a cerlainc Lieutenant (whose name I will foilie:ire ; was liv sound of Druinme jjublikely in all the streetcs disgraced, or rather after a sort disu'raded, and cashicrd for bearing any farther Odice at that time, for the taking of money b\ w:iy ol Kirruplion, of ccrlaine ])rest souldiers in the Countrey, and for placing of others ill their rooines, more Milit for seruice, and of lesso sullkiency and abilitie. This .St iiere e\ecutiiii; of iustice at the vcrv lirst did breed such a deepc terror in the hearts of the D 2 whole ?! I i ■A ii f Vj H f I 20 VOYAGES. NAUICf ATIONS, The honor, vntjaf^e tu Cadiz. while arniic, that it seemed to cut oil' all occasion of the like disorder for euer afterwards to be attempted. And here before tlieir departure fro Plymmoiilh, it pleased their Lordships to publish in print, and make knowen to ail the world, especially to snih as whom it concerned, and that both in the Latine, French, Dutch, English and Spanish tonjjue, what were the true, insi and vrgent causes, that at this lime prouoked her Maiestie, to vndertake the preparin.y; and setting forth of this so great a Nauie, annexing thereunto a full declaration, what was their good will and pleasure should be done and performed of ;i!l them that mem xma to incurre their owne priuate present ilaungers, or eKr were willing to aunydc her Maiestics future in- dignation and displeasure Likewise now, at the same instant, their owne mcst prouident and godly dccree-i, which they had deuiscd for the honest cariage of euery particular person in their degrees and voca- tion, were made knowen to all men, and published in sundry writings, with diners great |)u- nishments, set downe and ap])(iintcd for the wilfull oU'endcrs and breakers of \\\c same. Tims then, all tilings being in \erv good order luul well appointed, the most holv name of our Omnipotent (iod being most religiously and deuoully called vpon, and his blessed and sacred Communion being diners times most reuerently and publikelv (elebraied: 'I'Iunc t\Mi mcsl noble personages, with ail their honorable Associals, and most famous worthy Kniglits, CJentlemen, C'aptaines, Leaileis, and \er\ willing and expert Souldiers, and Mariners, !)eing furnished with !.")(). good sa\leof shipjie^ or thereabout: In the name of the nuv-t High iV eucrliuing Ciod, and with all true and faithfid obedience, to her sa( red Maicstv, to the infi- nite good and tranquillitie of our Cdimtrey, and to the perpeluall g!iore and more against vs, and we hauing say led no further then to a eerlaine place called Doenl A« lion, and made by her .NLiiestie, as it was vovced : I'lie j)raver seemed to me to be most e\rellent, a>well for the mailer, as also for the manner, ami therefore for eerlaine diners good moliues which tiien prtsently (aine to tnv minde, and whereof hereafter in his more conuenient lime and place, I will make farther mention, I presumed at that very instant lo translate it into Laline. The Prayer ii thus. MOst OmniiJotcnt maker and guide of all our worlds masse, that onely scarchest and n»- domest the bottome of all our hearts conceits, and in tiiem seest the true originals of all our actions intended : thou that bv lliv foresight doest trnelv disccrne, how no malice ol reiienge, nor quittance of iniurv, lu'r desire of bloodshed, nor greedinesse of lucre hath bred the re- solution of onr now set out Arniv, but a heedfull care, & wary walch, that no neglect of foes, nor ouer-suretie of hanne might breed either daunger to vs, or glory to them : these being the groimds wherewith thou doest enspire the mii\d, we hmnhly beseech thee with bended knees, pros])er the worke, and with best forewindes guide the ionrney, speed the victory, and make the returne the aduaneement of liiv glory, the trynmph of their fame, and >iiretv to the liealme, with the least losse of the English blood. To these deiiout peti- tions Lord giue thou thy blessed grant Mv homelv translation is thus. SVmm^ prxpntens Dens, immen^np huius toliiis nosiri mundi molis fabricator A Hector, (jui solus perscrularis intintus cordis nostri scnsus, iS: ad liinduin vsej; nuslrarum cogilationinn explorando 1 ■rci 1^. .,* fo Cadiz. f.vards lo )iiblish ill and that riio, iiml ;irii)cil am) CsC t\M( > Ki)ii;Iit-c, ItT-i, l)C'iM'; -t Ili^^Ii & o the iiili- riiiiiiphant ir^t day <>[ ca oinvard The hvwr. vo,jnc:r tn Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. ixploraiulo penclras, ar in cis, quid vcrt>, & ex animo cogitcmiis, & qua* sint actionuin lUKtrariim rationt-s, ac ruiidanirnta, cogiiosris : Tii, qui ca, qua; in te est, -"b oinni aternitate pw'cicntia, vides, quod iicc aliqua vlrisccndi nialiliosa cupidita-t, nee iniuriarum rcfcren- daruni dcsidcriuin, ni-c sansn'i'i'* cdiindcudi s-itis, nee a'icuius lucri, qumstuMie auiditas ad i-lani ilasscm pr.cparaiulaui, & cmitfendam new commoiierit : sed potius, quod prouida qii.i'datn r ura, suhVsquc vijjilanlia hue nos impulcrit : ne vcl inimicorum no^troriun neg- Icilus, vol status \w<:'. (irinitatis nimiiun sci'ura cogitatio, auf illis gloriam & honorcm, aut iiol is damnu iSc ])rri(ulum pariat • Cum, inquani, hn=c sint nostri, quicquid attenfatur, nc- j;> petitio- nibus (■3i:1 i| i if i '••41 V( u •>•> % If'? VOYAGl'S, NAUKJATIONS, The honor, voijage to CudU Thomas Howard, the Lord Warden Sir Walter l{alci^;h, ami the Adiiiirall of the Ilollaiulcrs. All wivirh s<]iiadrons, albeit they did eiiery day separate themselucs of purpose, bv the dis- tance of eertaine leagues, as well to looke out for such shippes as were happily vnder sayle, as also fir the belter ])nicuriiij;' of sca-roome : yet alwayes eonnnoiiK eyther tlutt dav, or the next (lay, towardc eucninii, they came all together, with friendly salutations and <.'ratula- lioiis one to an other: which thev terine by the name of llavlinj;: a eeremonie done so- lemnly, and in verie good order, with sound of Trumpets and novse of cheerefull \nvees: and in such sort performed as was no small encouragement oue to the other, beside a trm; rcjjort of all such accidents, as had happened in their squadrons. Hitherto, as I sayde, our iourney was most prosperous, and all oui shippes in verv good plight, more then that the Mary Rose, by some mischance, either sprang or spent her fore- \arde, and two daves after Sir Robert Crosse had in a manner the like mischance. Nowe being thus betweene the North cape, and cape S. Vincent, and yet keeping such a course a lool'e, that by no meancs, those from the shoarc might be able to descrie vs : The tenth of lune, a French Harke, and a Tleming comming from the coast of Barbaric were brought in bv some of our companie: but they were both of them very honourably and well vsed bv the Lords Generall : and so after a fewc daycs tarrying, were peaceably sent away, after that they hod conferred with them about such matters, as was thought good in their lionorable wisedomes. The twelfth of the same moneth. Sir Richard Leuison Knight, assisted with Sir Christoplier Hlunt, fought with three Hamburgers, and in that light slewe two of them, and hurt eleuen, ;md in the ende brought them all three in: and this was the very lii-st hanscll and mavdenhead (as it were) of any matter ol importance, or e\])lovt worthy obseruation that was done in the way outward of thi.s honorable vovage, and was>o well perfnurmed of tliose mo-^t w(.rihv Gentlemen, as euery man highly commended them for their great valure, anil discretion, and no lesse rcioyced at this their fortunate successe. The next day after. Sir Rii hard Weston meeting with a riemming, who refused to vale his foretoppe, with the like good courage and resolution, aiteini)ted to bring him in Tlu' tight continued very hot betweene iliein, for a good space: in the end tiie Sw.m, wherein the sayd Sir Richard wa^, had !ier fortbeike sinioken oil': and hauing >penl before in light the one side of her tire of Ordinance, .vhile she prepared to cast about, and to bestow on him the other side, in the meane tune the I'leming taking this ojjportunitv, did get almost halfe a league from him : and so for that lime m.ide his e>cape. And yet the next day after, tiicsa\d Fleniming being in a nianer got to the very mouth ol the Riuer vp to Lisbone, was taken, and brought in bv M. l)i)rrell, being Caplaine of the lohn and Francis of London. Thus by deuiding their s{|\i;ulrons, and spreading the whole sc:i oner a mighty way, there < (iiilii not so much as the le:isi pinke passe but she \v.xs espied and bnught in. The 13. 14. and l'.>. daycs, eertaine little stragling Carauels were taken liv ceriai:ir of tlie Fleete, and in one of them a young begg.irly Fryer vtlerly vnlearned, will) a great p.nrket of letters for Li-bon : the poore wrehhes were maruellously well vsed bv the Lonis (Jenerall, and that Caraiiel, and the like still as thev were taken were conimaundcd to giiie their at- tend.uice, and tlieir Honors did vndcrstand what they might of these poc^re men, of the est;ite of Spaine for that present. .\boul iliis lime and in this place it was, that first in all my life time I did see the flying fishes, who when they are hardly pinched and chased by the H'lnilncs .md other great fishes, then to auoule the ilaunger, thev presently mount \p, and forsake the water, and betake theinselues to the bcnelite of their \singes and make their flight, which (ommonly is not :d)oue Hue or sixe score, or there about, and then they are coiistr.iyned to fall downe into the water againe, and it is the Mariners opinion that they can fly no longer then their wings be wet. The fi^ii it selfe is.iboul the bignesse of a Mackrell or a great white Hearing, and much of that c 'hmr and making, with two large wini;^ shaped of nature very cunningly, and uith great deliglii i!) behold, in ;ill the world much like to our Gentlewomens dutch Fans, that are made either of paper, or parchment, or siike, or other stuftV, which V'.ill with eer- taine III to mm ^) Cadi^ The honor, voijage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. faiiieplcightM easily riinne aid fold themsclues together. One nf these (lying fi.shes was pre- snitrd t" niv L Acimir;\ll hy a (i her man, and newly taken in his L. rcturne from Cadiz, and then I giiod I^'isiireand opportniiilie to view it. The IH. day early in ihe nuirninK; wee tooke an Irish man, and he came directly from Ca- di/, ha\iinii beene there hut the day before at twelue of the clocke at high nooiic. This man beins examined, told tniely that there was now great store of shipping at Cadiz, and with tliem xviii or xix. nallics in a readinessc, and that among those ships there were diners of the kin'^s best ; and namely, that the Philip of Spaine was amongst them, but what their in- tent wa-i, hcc could not tell. Thi-i man was commanded also to giue his attendance. The '20. of lune being Sunday, we came before Cadiz very early in the morning, and in all this time as yet, tlie whole Nauy had not lost either by sicknessc or by any other maner of wives sixc nicn to my knowledge: as for the Dutch company, I am not able precisely to say wh.it happened tl'.ere, for that they were no part of our charge to be looked vnfo, but were a regiment entire of thcm-eliies, and by themsclues to be prouided for, either for their diet, or for the preseriiation of their healths by phisicke. Thus then 1 say, being all in good jjlight and strong, the 20. of lune wee came to Cadiz, and liiere very earely in the morning j)resented oursclues befcre the Towne, ryding about a league or something Icsse, from it The sea at th.it instant went maruelous high, and the winde was exceeding larjje. Notwithstanding, a Councell being called, our Lonls Generall foortluvith attempted with all expedition to land some certainc companies of their men at the West side of the Towne, by certainc h ng lioats, light horsemen, pynnesses and barges made for the |)urpose, but could not compasse it, and in the attempting thereof, they chanced to sinke one oi their Marges, with some foure score good souldiers well appointed in her, and yet bv good luip and gre.it care the men were all saued excepting viii. And therefore they were coiistiavned to put ofl' their landing till an other more conncnient time, Tli.it morning \ery timely, there lighted a very fairedoue vpon the mainc yard of the L. Adniiiais sliip, and there she sate very (piielly for the spare of .'{. or4. houres, being nothing dismayed all that while, eiicry man gazed and looked much vpon her, and spake their minds and opinions, vet all conchuling b\ no meanes to disquiet her: I for mv part, tooke it for a very good omen and bo.ading, as in trueth (God be thanked) there fell out nothing in the «';ul to the contrary. .And as :it our very first eomming to Cadiz this chanced, so likewise on the \ery last day of our departing from the same towne, another Done presented her selfe in the selfe san^- order into the same ship, and presently grew wonderfiill tame and familiar to vs .ill, and d.d so still keepe vs company, euen till ourarriiiall lure in England, We no sooner presented our seines, but presently a goodly sort of tall S[anish ships came out of the mouth of the Hay of Cadi/, the tiallies accomj)anving them in such good order, and so placed as .ill of them might well succour each other, and thercwithall kept them-elues very close to their towiie, the castle, and the forts, fir their better guard and defence, abiding there still, and expecting our fartherdetermination. All that day passed, being very rough and biivsteroiis, and liile or nothing could be done, more then that about the eiiening there |)asscd some IViendl\ and kinde salutations sent one from the other in w.irlike mantr, by discharging certain gr. at peeces, but to mv knowledge no hurt done at all, < r else very lille. A carelull and diligent wati h was had all that night thoroiighout the whole armie, and on nionday morning being the 'l\. d.iy, the winde and weather being become moderate and ta- imurable, betweene tine and si\e of the tlocke in the morning, ourshijis in the name of al- rnightie (lod. and in defence of the honour of England, without any farther delay, with all s|)eed, idurage, and alarritie, did set y;)on the Spanish ships, being then vnder sayle, and making out of the mouth of the l?ay of Cadiz, yp toward I'uenle de Siia^o on Grenada side, being in number lix. tall ships, with xix. or xx. Gallies attending \i)on them, sorted in Mich good order, and reasonable distance as thev might still annoy vs, and alwa)es reliene themsclues interchangeably: hauing likewise the Castle, Eorts, and Towne, continually to assist them and theirs, ami nlwayes readie to play vpon vs and outs. In most mens opinions it seemed that the enemy had a wondtrlul aduantagc of vs, al! ciri umsta:;ces 2S "l m It I'l ' "■f 3* N'OYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, Tin- honor, votjagc to Cailix cirfiinisinnccs being well weiglu-d, liut cspciiullv the siniiglitnessc of the ])lacc, and the n;i- liirall inriiie and situation of the I'av it sell'e, beinu; rightly considered. For albeit the very Hay it sclfe is very large and exceeding bcaiitirull, so that from Cadi/, to Port S. Mary, i* Home vi. or vii. Knglish miles oner or there aboiits, yet be there nianv rockes, shelues, sar.d- and shallowe.s in it, so that the \erv ehaneil iV.: place for sea roomc, is nnt aboue 2. or .">. miles, yea and in some ])Iaees not so inncli, for the shi|)s of any great burthen, to make way in, but that they must either be set on ground or else constrained to run fowle one on another. All this notwithstanding, with great and iiniinciblc courage, the Lords generall presently set vpon them, and sorting out some such conucnieut shijis, as to their honorable wisedomes seemed fittest for that times seruice, thev were driucn to take some other course then before had l)cene by them entendcd. Wherefore \ pon a grane consultation had by a select Coun- w\\, what great dangers might ensue \pon so mightiea disaduantage as ajjpeared in all |)ro- bability, if it were not by good and sound iudgfuicnt preuented, cV thcrwithall in their sin- gular wisedomes foreseeing that some great stratageine might be practised by the enemy, either by Hre-worke, or some other subtill polilike deuise, for the ha/arding of her Maiesties sllip^ of honor in so narrow a place, thus with al exjjedition they concluded that the Viieadmirall, the I, . Thomas Howard, that most noble I,. Howard (whose exceeding great magnanimity, courage, &• wisedome, iovncd with such an hon(>rable kind of sweet coiirlesie, boinilie, and liberalilie, as is not able by me iV my weakenes to be exprcssetl. hath wonne him all the faithfull loiiing hearts of as manv as euer haue had any niancr of dealing with him) This L. ThoiTias, 1 say, in y Non I'arcille for that time, &• the l{eare .\dinirall .Sir Walter Kaicigli (a man of maruellous worth iV regard, for manv his exceeding singular great \crtues, right ft rii- tude & great resolutenes in allinatlers of importance) in the Warspight a.ssociaied with diners most famous worthy knights, namely, .Sir I'rancis Vere the 1.. Ntartiall in the I{aiid)ow, Sir George Gary .M. of the Ordinance, in the Marv rose, Sir Hnbert Southwell in the Lyon, gen- tlemen for all laudable good vertnes, and for perfect courage iS: disrrelioii in all military ac- tions, of as great praise iV good hiiare with all the hast that they could possibly, \ ihercwiihall, at the \ery same instant themselues fired t'leir ship, and so left her. i"v prescnily thereupon a great Ar- g(. ikc way in, )ii another. Tscntly !*<■♦ wisedoiiH'.-f lien before leel Conn- ill all pro- n ilieir >iii- eniy, either esties>.lii|n leaclniirall, ii^nniiiiiiily, e, bdiiiilii', ne him all I liim) Tlii^ HaleifilUa , rii;ht I'lrti- with iliiier* ainhow. Sir I.yoii, >;en- niililary ac- iicr, hailing onable biir- rds gencrall se< I a jjreat Ar ■ liately lu re- V roiiid, and them all two rurniture i:i ine, and the hh suddaiiic "real The honor, voyage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. {Treat victorious oucrthrow, made all the hast they could toward the Bridge called Puente de Siiago, and there shrowded thcmselues in such sort as our shippcs could not by any meancs possible conic nimaycd and astonished at the vnexspcclcd manner of the Englishmcnskinde I 1 I L n \m\ 'i <^: ? 4 .y !< ff 26 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The honor, voiage to Cadiz. of such (ierrc and resolute fight rctyrcd ihcinscliies with all the spcedc possible that they roiiUi, to R'couer themseliies into the Towiie againc, which being done by them, with f'arre swifter K'gn;es then manly courage, oiirmen were enforced to skalc the walles: which thin{{ in very deedc, although it was not without great danger and dilRciilty to be perfourmed : Yet such was the inuincible re>olulion, and the wonderlull dexterity of the English, that in one liaife houre or thereabout, the eneniie was rcpuNcd, and the townc w;i|| possessed, bv the noble Earlc himselfe, beinij in all this action, either the very iirst man or else in a nianer ioyned with the Iirst. The towne walles being then possessed, and the English Ensigne being there displayed vpon them, with all spcede possible thcv |>roceeded on to march through the towne, making still their waie with ^worde and shot so well as they could, being still fougiit wiihall at euery •urne. Immediately vpon this most famous entrie, the noble Earle, (according to their rescv hitions, as I take it, put doune before') was seconded by the nolile I,. Adinirall in person, who was accompanied, with ihe Udble I. Thomas Howard, the most wi>rlhy gentleman his Sonne, now L. lloward, Sir Hobert Southwell, Sir liichard I.euison, and with diners other gentlemen, his 1.. followers ol'^dod account : liis colours being aduanied bv that valiant re- solute gentleman, (a man bcautilicil uilhmaiiv excellent rare gifts, of good learning and Mi- der^tandinii) S. Edward Ilobliv Kiii;;lit. And thus he likewise marching with al possible speede on foolc, notwithstanding his 1,. manv yeres, the Intolerable heate, for the time, and the oucrtiring tedious deepe sands, with other many impeun-en(l( r being made, |iresenl proclamation was publish- ed, lliat llie lur\ now beinj; |>ast. all men should sur(c,i-.e from all maner of blood and eruell dealinj;, and that there sluaild no kind of v ioleiu c or hard vsage be ollered to any, r child, vpon ])aine of death : ;\n !7, )•< 's I to Cadiz. (hat llicy witli Carre hich tWtny; med: Yet hat in one n\, by the II a maiier (lisplayoil i(>, inakiii,!; ill at cucry their rt'HO- n j)i'rs(in, illoinan his iiers other valiant re- in"; and \M- al possible le lime, and inie, idvned it assistance nd proceed- and at » hat n the thij;li, jeinj; caried of a nuiskel rils General, i'aslle as vet ■n batterinf; sion Nvas db- ilesse liefore lid liMike for ■y tiioke de- iheir (laj; tt' their mercv , ite 111 |)aiisf, irnis uiiieii : 1 alarnie, the It a! iIk' ver\ and diiblets. I'liits, to see cast not well am thercfuii' was piiblish- r blooti and lleied to any, !• ol so miiih irtaine dayes, they ne honor, voiaiie to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Ihcy were continually in counscll about other graue directions, best knowen to their honour- able wiscdomes. This honourable and merrifull Edict I am sure was streightly and reli»i<)usly obserucd of the Fiii){lish : IJiit how well it was kept by the Dutch, I will iiclhcr affirme, nor yet denic. For I pcrcciue bctwccne them and the Spaniards, there is an implacable hartburning, and therefore assoone as the Dutch s(|iiadron was espied in the fight, immcdiatly thereupon both they of Siiiil and S. Liirar and also some, of some other jilaces, did not onely arrest all such Dutch shi|)s, as delt with them friendly by the way of traflick & Marchandise, and so confiscated their goods, but also imprisoned the Marchants and Owners of the same, and, as the report goeth, did intreat many of them with extreame cruelty thereupon. In the meaiie while the very next day being the two and twenty day of lune, all the Spanish shippcs which were left on ground in the Hay of Cadiz, where the great ouerthrowe had beene but the day before, were bv the Spaniards ihemselues there set on fire, and so from that time forward they neuer left burning of them, till euery one of them, goods and all, as farre as wee know were burnt and consumed. This their doing was much maruellcd at of vs, and so much the more, for that, as I sayd before, there had bene made some oft'er for the redemption and sauing of the goods, and it was not to them vnknowen that this their ofTer was not mis- liked, but in all probabilitic should haue bene accepted. The common opinion was, that this was done either by the appointment of the Duke dc Medina Sidonia, or els by expresse com- ttiandeiiient from the higher powers. Not long after the same time (three dayes as I remember) the gallies that were riinne on ground, did (iiiilte theniselues also out of that i)lace, and by the bridge of the Hand railed Piientc de Suaqo, made their way round about the same Hand, and so by putting them»elues to the maine sea, escaped to a towne called Rotta, not farre off) but something vjj towards the Towne of Saint Lucars, and there purchased their safety by that meanes. Tims was this notable \ictorie, as well by sea as by land, both bcgunne and in effect per- fourmcd, within the comi)as.se, in a maner, of fouretcene houres : A thing in trueth so strange and admirable, as in my iudgcmc lit will rather bee wondered at then beleeucd of postcritie. And if cuer anv notable exploit in any age was comparable to Caesars Vcni, Vidi, Vici, cer- taiiielv in mv pnorc opinion it was this. Here it is to be wished (and perchance of some too it is looked for) that euery mans parti- cular worthy acte in this dayes seruice, with the parties name* also, should he put downe, that thereby both they and their good deserts might beregisfrec' to all posteritie : and for my part I would it were so, and wish I were able to doe it. Bui for that I confcssc it is a mat- ter that passeth my power, yea, and for that I thinke it alsf. a thing impossible to be pre- cisely perfourmed by anv other, I am to crane pardon for that I rather leauc if out altogether, then presume to doe it maymcdiy : and in this point I referre the Reader onely to the Mappe that is set foorth of this iourney, where it is in some parte conueniently touchc'. and .spe- cified. Tiie Towne of it selfewas a very beaulifull towne, and a large, as being the chiefc See of the Bishop there, and hauing a goodly Cathcdrall Church in it, with a right gocnlly Abbey, a Nunnery, and an exceeding fine College of the lesiiites, and was by natiirall situation, as also bv very good fortification, very strong, and tenable enough in all mens opinions of the better iudgement. Their l)uilding was all of a kind of hard stone, euen from the very found- ation to the top, and euery house was in a manner a kind of a fort or Castle, altogether flat- roofed in the topj)e, after the Turkish manner, so that manv men together, and that at ease, might walkc thcron : haiiini; vpon the house top, great heapes of weighty stoancs piled vp in such good order, as they were ready to be throwen downe bv euery woman most easily vpon such as passed bv, and the sirectes for the most part so exceeding narrow, (I thinke to auoide the intolerablo i;reat iieat of the Siiniie) as but two men or three at the most together, can ill any reasonable sorte march thorough them, no strcete being broader commonly then I sup- pose VVatling streete in London to be. Ilie towne is altogether without glasse, excepting the Churches, yet with faire comelv E 'i windowes. 37 II ^1 m ■t i'f i I I :•■ ■. 28 VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS, The honor, voyage to Cadiz. wintlowcs, and with Hiirc grates of iron to them, and haue very large folding leaiies of wain- scot, or the like. It hath very fcwe Chimnies in it, or almost none at all : if may be some one chimney in some one or other of ihe lower out roomes of lest account, scruing for some necessary vscs, cither to w.ish in, or the like, or els nowc and then perchance for the dress- inji of a dish of meatc, hauing, ;w it should seeme vnto me, alwaycs a greater care and rcsjicct how to keepe them>ii'lues from all kind of n;rcat heat, then how to proiiide for any store of great roste. It had in it by report of them that should best know it, some fourc thousand and moe, of very good able lighting men, and sixe hundred horsemen at the least. No question but ihatthev were well furnished of all thing* appertaining thereunto, especially so many good ships lying there, and being so well stored with all manner of munition, shot, and powder, as thcv v. ere. Whetlier they had knowiiuge of our comming or no, I can say nothing to it: Themselues giue it out that thcv vnderstood not of it, but oncly by a Carauel the Friday at euening be- fore wc came. But whether thcv knew it or no, thus much I dare boldly alTirme, that if the English had bene j)ossesscd of that or the like Towne, and had bene but halfc so well pro- uided as they were, they would haue defended if for one two monethn at the least, against any power whatsoeucr in al Christendome. Hut surely CJOD is a mighty GOD, and hath a wonderfiill secret stroke in all matters, esjiecially of weight and moment. Whether their hearts were killed at the mighty oiicrthrow by sea, or whether they were amased at the in- uincible courage of the Knglish, which was more then ordinary, caring no more for cither sma'l shot or great, then in a maner for so many hailestoncs, or whether the remorse of a guilty conscience toward the Kngli'.h nation, for their dishonourable and diuelish practises, against her Sacred Maiestie, and the Kcalme, (a matter that easily begctteth a faint heart in a guilty minde) or what other ihirg there w.is in it I know not, but be it spoken to their per- peiuall shame and infamie, there was ncuer thing more resolutely pcrfourmed of the coura- gioiis English, nor more shamefully lost of the bramjing Spaniard. Ofwh.it wealth this towne should be, 1 am not able to rcsolue theasker: for I confesse that for mine ownc p;irt, I had not so mucligo(Hl lucke, as tobe partaker so much as of one peniiie, or penny worth. Hnwbeit my ill fortune makctli that towiu- ncuer a whit the poorer. But as it should a|)peare bv the urcat pillage by tae coininoii souldicrs, and some mariners too, and bv the goodiv furnitures, that were dd'ared by the baser j)cople, and thereby vtterly lost and spoyled, ns not wonrth the ( aryiiig away, and by the oucr great plenty of Wine, 0\ le. Almonds, Oliues, Hai-iiis, Spices, and oih( r rii h grocery wares, that by the iiitem- pcraie disorder of some of the rasher sort were knorkt out, and lay trampled vnder feete, in euery common high wav, it should appeare that it was of some very mighty great wealth to the first owners, fli. ugh perchance, not of aiiv such great cominoditie to the last sub- duers, for that I iiidge that the better |)art was most rvotously and intemperalcly spent and consumed. A disorder in mine opinion very much to be lamented, and if it might be bv any good nieancs remedied, in niv conceit, it were a most honourable dcuice. The Wednesdav, Thursdiiv, anil Fridav following, the Lords Gencrall spent in counsell, about the disposing of all matters, aswell touching the towne and prisoners, as also con- cerning all other matters, thought mcete of them in their honourable wisedomcs, and in all that ineaiie while did shew such honourable bounty and mercy, as is not able to be ex- pressed. For not onelv the lines of eiicrv one were spared, but also there was an especial care had, that al the Kcliijious, as wel men as women, should be well and fauourably in- treafcd, whom freely without any maner of raiisome or other molestation, they caused to be safely transported ouer to Port .Saint Marie, a towne in a manner as fayre as Cadiz : but at that time, as the case flid stand, certainelv knowcn to be of no wealth in the world, and if was some si\c or seuen miles distant ouer against ("adi/, in a maner as Panics is against Soiithwarke, on the other side of the Hay, in a part of .Andaluzia, subiect to the territory of the Duke de Medina Sidonia. Moreoucr, at the same instant thevdid appoint that worthy knight Sir Amias Preston, and some others in some conucnicnf Barkcs, to transport ouer to the sayd Towne safely and in good •5 lo Cadiz. s of wain- be some for noine the dresu- carc and Ic for any line foiirc the least, especially ition, shot. The honor, voyage to Cadiz. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. good order, a hundred or nioc of the better sort of ancient gentlewomen, and marchanti) wiiics, who were suflcrcd lo put vpon themselues, some of them two, yea, some three sutes of apparcll, with some conuenient quanlitie of many Icwels Chaines, and other ornaments belonging to their estate and degree. Such was the heroicall liberality, and exceeding great clcmencie of th(wc most honourable Lords Generall, thereby, as it should secmc vntomee, beating downc that false surmised opinion, which hath bene hitherto commonly spread abroad, and sctlcd among the Spaniards: which is. That the English doe trouble them and their countries, more for their goldc, riches and pearle &c. then for any other iust occasion. Whereas by these their honourable dealings it is manifest to all the world, that it is oncly in respect of a iust rcuenge for the manifolde iniuries, and most dishonourable practises that hatie bene from time to time attempted by them against vs and our natio, and also in the de- fence of the true honour of England: which they haue sought, and daylie doe seeke, by so many sinister and reprochfull deuices, somuchasiii them lieth, to deface. Vpon Saturday being the 'iO. Sir lohn Winkheld knight was buried, in honoiirabic and warlike manner, so farre foorth as the circumstances of that time and place could permit. At whose funerals the Nauie discliarged a great part of their Ordinance, in such order, as was thought mcete and conuenient by the Lords Generals commnndement. The twenty seuenth day being Sunday, in the Abbey the diuine seruicc was had, and a learned Sermon was made there by one Master Hopkins, the right honourable Earle of Essex his Preacher, a man of good learning and swecte vttcrance, and euen there the same day, something before the sermon was made, these worthie Gentlemen following were knighted by the Lords General. And here I am to signific by the way that two of these were knighted tlirce or fouredaycs before, and some three or foure moe were knighted after that time, vpon cerlainc occasions; but yet I holdc it best (and I trust without olfcnce) to recite their names in tiiis place altogether. The names of such noble men and gentlemen, as were knighted at Cadiz in lune 15% by the two most honourable Lordes Generall. Sir .\lexander Cliflford. Sir Maurice Barkley. Sir Charles Blunt. S9 Jallt :i 11. Sir Samuel B.ignol. Sir .Arthur Sauagc. The liarlo of Sussex. The Ixird llarbcrt. The lAtn\ Hurk. CoiHit Lodowick. Sir William Howard. Sir (Jeorgc D'Kurcnx. Sir Henry Nencl. Sir I'xlmund Rich, Sir Kirhard Lciien. Sir Peter Egoniort. Sir Aiithonie Ashley. Sir Henry Leonard. Sir Kicliard Lcuison. Sir Horatio \'ere. Sir Arthur Throihmorton. Sir .Miles t'orbet. Sir Edward Conway. Sir Oliucr Lambert. Sir .\nthoiiy Cooke. Sir lohn Townesend. Sir Christopher Heydon. Sir Francis Popham. Sir Philip Woudhousc. Sir Gc'irge GiHi)rd. Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Ia;ncs Escudamor. Sir Vrias Lcigli. Sir lohn Leigh, alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston. Sir Richard Wainman. Sir lames Wootton. Sir Richard RuddaU Sir Robert Mansfield. Sir William Mounson. Sir lohn Bowles. Sir Edward Bowes. Sir Humfrey Druel. Sir .\mias Preston. Sir Robert Remington, Sir lohn Buck. Sir lolin Morgan. Sir lohn Aldridg. Sir lohn Asshindon. Sir Matthew Browne, Sir lohn Acton. ,1' 'i f\\ I, I f V; Sir V ( I. I "-.,( >' ■ :.' ri'«' flJ ■II JO VOYAGES. NAUKJATIONS, 77ic honor, voijaae to Vndlt Sir Thoma>i Gates. Sir lohn Gylbcrt. Sir Gill) Mcrickc. Sir William llaniic. Sir Thomas Smith, Sir lohn Gray. Sir William Pooloy. Don Christ, prinrcof Porlingal. Sir Thomas Palmer. Sir lohn Vanilerroortl, Admiral! Sir lohn StaflTord. of the Hollanders. Sir Robert LoucI, Sir Robert Dudley. 8. August. I am not curious in placing the>e gentlemen, but put them downe at a venture. Only ( liauc obserued, as nccrc as I could, the iust day and time when they were created. And ( trust where the place of it selle is so worthy and equall, there the l);ire naminf; and phu in>i of the parties, shal l)rcede no otTence, or ni.ikc a disparity. The two j^entlemen that were last knighted receiued their knighthood in the way of our returne from ("adiz : the one of them vpon the sea, not farre from the U.iy of the Groyne, at what time our ships stood Npon their staies f Cidic Only ( A nil r I'liuinj" liat were e one of >C)trissimc Princep-i, ex nonnullis (piibusdani Ilispanis intelligimus, Excellcntiam vcs- fnini iam nunc esse apud |)ortam S. Mari.e. Et (pumiam in anno Domini l;i88. id nobis tunc niuncri.. as-iignalum erat a screniss. ncctra Kegina domina mea, \t contra vos, vestr.isq; co- pia-., r,go solus pro co tempore (ieniralis essem consliiutus: IdcircA non opinamur vobis ig- noluni esse, quam mile (jiioddam, \ humanum bellandi genus, turn hic iam in hoc ipso tem- pore, aduer-us hiiiiis loi i piipiilum atij; incolas vsurpauerimus ; turn etiam sa'pius antchac ipi.'iin humanitcr, benigneq; ens omni s tr.ictauerimus, quos ex vestris iu-e belli capliuos aiTCj)crimus V,\ quorum uunicro qu.un multa millia. etiam gratis, u\illi> acccpto pretio, libcrlate doiiauerimus, id i)ui.unus omnibus es»c tcst.ilius, quikm vt ;\ qiioquu denegetur. (^lUH irca, ncq; vllo modo nobis in mentem venire potest, vt dubitcmus, quin parem ctiani in vobis humanitatcm adu.Tsus nostros c.iptiuns simus reperturi Cum igitur nobis compertu iam ■•ii, habere \os in vcsiris gileris, ex Hegin.a' nosir.e serenissimx Dominie mea? subditis vnum iV ipiiruiuagiiiia e.iptiuiis : nnii equidem dubitamus, quin cos omnes sitis relaxaturi, & ad nos Inis^uri ; ea lege, ae eondilione, vt toiidem ex vesiris hic capiiuis eiusdem loci atq; oriliiiis, melinri'< eli.ini loitassis nota^, ac conditionis, homuncios, ad vos vicissim remittamus. Id quod nos laetuns data (ide spondemus, qu:\m primiim nostros captiuos ex vestris mani- bus accepcrimus. Mac in re si nostro de«iderio ac voluntali pariun satisfactum erit, aliud profccto tune po«ihar belli genus ingrediemur, aliunuj; bcllaiuli morem cogemur, etiam inuili, S: contra voluntatem prosequi. ll\ Hegia ,\iiglicana classe apud Cadiz vltimo lunij, .stilu anti(|uo. l.'t'.Ki. Carolus Howard. These letters were sent bv a .Spaniard, and an answere was brought from the Duke with al coiiuenicnt >peed, and as it .slicnild sceme bv the E. Admirals next answere returned to him in writing, whieh immcdiatlv hereafter foloweth, the Uuke dc Medina Sidonia his letters were honorable, and with good regard. 91 i f ■I r A Copie k 111 V if f 1 If 1 ' t I M .'W VOYAOrs, NAUIOATIONS, '/Vitf /ion. volane t,) Caillx. A Coj)ic of my I,. Admirals hi'coiuI Ictti-r to the Duke of Nfcilina SidDni.i. IlliiHirisHiino I'riiicipi Diici di- Mi-diiia SiUdDia. ILIii-iriNsimp Priiicop'', litcra-. al) rxrrlli'iitia vistra hod'u'' accrpimiiM : huiv \cr6 nostr.i "it .1(1 ill.i-t r«N[)oiisi<), iiobilc-* isii viri, qui vc^lraH litrrat ad ikw pcrlulrriitit : nh'min « rs-ic pi'iiili'is nentiiasiim lAicllcnii.u vr'lr.r, ii"'* scdiilo i.pcr.iin daliircw, M ill omni lumorilir.'i' licni>;iiilatis miinaiiitatim|; unicrc, jApciialinTii MHirii- omni <'\ pane rt'Hjioiuli'aimix. (IuikI ad Anjjiicos imstiiw (aptiimx atlinct, qiio'< al) I'Ai'cllciiiia vfslia hue ad mix irastino die mistinn iri rxptctaimw, in ca re pollircniiir lAcdlciiliiL- \* vcslrii- voliinlali >iaiiHl:it liini crit : iV jpiod pro illi-i (M|iliiiiM lair* not i apiiiidx \oh'u rciniltcnuH, (pialcs lii uli ipsi) Duni. Mcndn/a, turn al) alijs illii>tnl). viris, qui a Dnin. i'i>ria Carcro in illoriiin ad nos jaiuin' niitlcbantiir, rommuni cinn ri)iwcnsii rrant al) ip'. !>!' Inly, the I-. L. Kener.dl with all the arniie hein;; Midersaile, & now inakinj; for Ilnijland, i!w: but as yet passinj; the very month of the hay of Cadi/, a nailey full of l-.nj^li.sh prisoniTs, with a /lai; of trnce, met vs (m Holla, sent by the I), nl Medina Sidonia, & sent as ii ■' ..ulil seenie, one day later then his promise: but yet their flaj; bein^ <'itlier not bij; enoui;h, or not wel placed in the nalley, or not wel discerned o|' our men, or bv what other niisdiame 1 know not ; but thus it was : b\ one of our smallest ships V sailed formost, assoone as the said galley came within umishot, there was a ^'reat prece discharged vpon her, i**. at liiat instant there was one man nlaine outright, and 2 other j»rieuoiis|y hurt. The error bein^ e«pied and perteiued, our ship >;aue oner inimediatly Ironi any farther shootin;;. Assoone as the j;alley came ncere vs, my I,. Adinirall ( aused a j;ra( ions salutation to be sounded with his trum|)els, & willed the cajilains forthwith to (dine aboi nl his ship- whiih they did, and then he feasted them with a very line .uid honorable banket, as the time and place mijjht serve. And then by them \ ndersiandinn of that vnfortiinaie ini«( hance that had ha|)ned bv the shot of the said shij), he was verv sory for the s.une. and vet sii( li was the mer( ilul promdenre of alniif;hty (><'d, that enen in this inis( iiance also, he did 111 Id his holy hand oner the Kn;;lish. And al the harme that was done did lii;ht onely ^pon the poore Turk, and the .Spaniard himselfe. When this I.onle had well banqueted llieni, liee presently called for his bari;e, and did accompany the said galley to the l.nrdc yeneral tlie liarle of Kssex, who then did ride with his ship a ;;oi il distance oil': and there iliey beiny: in lik" maner most honorably receiued, and intertained, the S|),mish Rentlenu' deluiered \|) their prisoners the English raptiues, of who some had bin there (i yere, sonic a, or ten : yea, and some '^^. yeere, and vpward, and some of them but lately taken in S. Vrancis Drakes last voia;;e to the Indies. The number of the prisoners deliuercd were but .'{'J, and no mo, a>' ' -ere broii;,'hl in, and delinered bv Don Antonio de Coroll.i and his bro- ther, and by Don de Cordua, and certaine others. If vou demaiind why, of one and iiftic CujitiucH, thf •"> moc dcliucred then wa-s, I presuppose, (and 1 thiiikc it true to) hai Thf hon. votanc to Cirltt. TRAFFIQUFS, AND DISCOirr.mKS. :m ) that at thill timo the rr^idiio were farther off in Home reinr)io plarfu of Spaine hentoweU, ami «i) by that iniMiu-H, iinl ;il)li' at tliii lime to bee in a readine^ne, but y«'i like enoiif{li that there Ih »ome hh.kI order taken lor ihem hereafter, to be redeemed, and Mem oucr into ling' land. If any man |)reNiime here so farre, as to eiH]uirc how it ehanced, that the Lords general! rested so loiij; at Cadi/, and went no farther, and why I'ort S. Mary bcin;? so ("aire a iDwne, and so neerc to ihem, was lorburiu •' iind why Sheres aliiis Xeres ' And why Kotta :iiid tiic like ? And why this or that was done ? And why that or this left vndnnc ? I will not unswcre him with onr ronnnon Knulish prouerbi', as I ininht, which is; That one foole may askc inoe qiic-^lions in one home, then leii iliscrete men can wel answere in (iuc dayes. Hut that jjrane anncieiit writer, ('orneliiis Ta( itnx, hath a wise, briefe, |>ithy saying, and iiist/iis: Xtino Itnlauil iuiininrt in volumiim IlirciiUn, utinrHusq; nr nuiienlius habi- linn isl (Ic J'wiis Dfoniiii inilcrr, tinnin xiivi-. Which sayiii;}, in my fancy, lillotli mar- iieiloiH well for this purpose: .itid so miiih the rather, for that this Cadi/, is that very place, (at least l>v the common opiiiinn ) where those s.iid pillcrs of Hercules were thou}>ht to be placed: and, as some sav, remainc :is vet not farre olf to be Kecne. Jhit to let that pass(% the sayiii); iiearelh this di-crcte meaniii;; in it, albeit in a prety kind of mjstical maiier vt- tered : Thiit it belittelh not iufcrioin- persons to be curious, or too inquisitinc after Princes actions, neither \el lo be so -.iwiv and --o malapert, as to secke to diue into their secrets, but rather abv.ivcs to liaue a rinht reiiercnd concciie and opinion of them, and their doings : and tlicron so rc-tin;; our iuw.ird iliouj;liis, to seek to uo no further, but so to reniaine ready alwaii's lo arme our selucs with duliliii miiuU, and willin;; ht and heroicall (lenignements, they shall fur uur j;ooil, ananisli c-onlines therabinits, iS^i . 1 niinde to leaiu' it to snine other, whose chance was to be present . I llie action, as m\selfe was not, and shalbe of more sufficient ability lo performe it. That the Hriltons were in Italie and Greece with the Cin\l)ri:uis ansnr illani duxil in \xorcm, atqui- ex ca liliiun in l?rilaiini;i genuit Constantiiuim Magnum. .Seil eo tandem Kburaci dcfoncto, (um Amia ilia I'.uaiigelica, in s.mcta \iduirate pcnlurauit ad vl- timuni vila.' diem, tola Christiana^ rcliyioiii dcilila. Sunt cnim authorcs, qui narrcnt per istam, cessanie persei utione, ])acem F.(clc>i|s dalam : .\d tantam (a'lesti> Pliilosophia- cogniiioncm cam fcruiit post agnitum I'Luangclium periienisse, \t olim nuillos cdiderit libio-, i)v: carmiiii qiia'dani Gra>(a, qua" hue i'i»(|ue a Politico siipcres>i' pcrhihenlur. Visinuiluisadmoiiil.i llier. - soKmam petijt, i*v: omnia s,ihiaiori» loca [lerlustrauii. Hoina' tamlcm oclc>:;cii iri.i Arliciier in Christo quieuit. I."). Kalei'das Sepleiiibris, filio adiuic suporstile, aimo salulis humana" .i.l7. R egnante apud Britannos Octauio. lluius corpus non minima nmic cura Vencfijs »crtiatur. Thcssme in English. HF.icna Flauia Augusta, the hcirc and oiielv (laiigl;tcr of ("oeliis sometime the most ex- cellent kin;; of Britaiue, the mother of the Emperour ('o:i-t,nitine the great, bv reason ^oodnessc and ;;odlv Maicstio (ai cording to the tes- )f her sinuular beautie, faith, religi timonie of Euseliiiis) was famous in all the world. Amongst all the women of her time, llu re was none cither in the liberall arts more learned, or in instruments of musike more skillull, or in the diners laugiiaj;es of nations more abundant then hcrselfc. She had a natu- rall (pTu kiicssc or excelleiu y ol wit, eln(|iience of spec( h, and a most notable grace in all her lii'h luiour. She was seerie in the Hebrew, (Jreeke and l.atine tongues. Ilcr lallier ^as Viruiiinius reporteth"; had no other ( hildc to succeed in the kingdome alter linn but her, ami there! that tlierel ,1 ore i;uise(t her to I )e instructed in these thiu'^s bv the best teachers. )\ iri" heaiitie. ini"ht the better in time "-ouerne the Healme: so that bv reas )f hei P: III oilier her excellent "illes of liodv and miiide, Constantius Chloriis the Ki leroiir married her, and hail bv her a so ailed (• nslanlMie the yrcat, while hee remainei' in Britaine. Who at leriglh deceasini; al Yorke, this Helena ( no otherwise then Anna ol' whom meii(i(in is made in the new Testament ; (uiitinuid a \ertuous and holv widow to the id of licr hie. There 1 III., t«'; Conslanline. TKArFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES if TIllTO There arc some writers which doc aflTirine, that persecution ceased, and peace was granted to the Chnistian Churches hy her wood meaiies. After the light and knowledge of the Gospel, she grcwe so skilfull in diuinitie, that shee wrote and composed diners hookcs and certaine Greeke verses also, which (as Ponticus re- porteth) are yet extant. Being warned l>y some visions she went to lerusalcm, and visited all the places there, which (Christ had frequented. She lined to the age of fourescore yccres, and then died at Rome the 1.") day of August in the yeereof oure redemption Sli'l. ()ct:uiius being then king of lirilaine, and her scmne Constantine the Kmperour then also lining, and her body is to this day very carefully preserued at Venice. The life and trauels ol Constantine the great, Emperour and King of Britaine. I'Lauius Constanlinus cognomento Magnus post Genitorum COstantiiuTi Britannorum Rex, ac Romanoruni Ca-sar Augustus, ex Ikit.iniiii a matre in Britannia natus, & in Britannia cre- atiH Impcrator, pnlriam natalcm niagnifui; sunp gloria; participem fecit. Profligatis Alenianis, llispanis, & Francis, odrunique Kegibus pro spcctaculo bestijs obicctis, Galliam subiectam tenuit: Tres Helena- niatris auuniiilos Britannos, Leolinum, Traherum, & Mariuni, li (idem etlcctus, eos hoiiorabal |)raHipiic, qui in Philosophia Christiana vjtain recliii.isseiil. Vi.de ab oce.uii tiuibus uempe Britannis incipiens, ope frctus diuina, religionis curam in medijs snprrsiitionum tenebris cepit, ab Occiduis ad Indos, innumcras ad .•eternn? spem vita- erigens gentrs. Animiun diuinis excrcendo stnilijs, noctes trahebat in- somnes, iV (pia'siia s( ribendi diuerticui.i j)cr otium frequentabat: Impcrium oratione, ac Sanctis o])erationibiiscontinciidinn ratus, Kgregius Christianx- iliscipliiia; pra'co, (iiios ac pro- cerus d(u iiit, ])ielatcm ibuiliis omnibus, atque adei) ipsi anieferre tolius mundi Monarchi.-c. I'alsorum deorum enersor, Imaginum cultus per Cjr.eciam, .Mgyptum, Persiam, Asiam, & vniuer-am diiioiic m Hcmanam, repeiiiis al)riigat Icgibns, iubens per cdicta Christum coli, Euaiigelium pr.xvlicari s.icrum. Miiii>iris honores, it alimenta dari, at(); idolorum \l)i'(pie de- strui templa. Lt Nt lidei forma (iinctis \iilcretur, Euangeliuni lesu Ciiristi ante >e semper ferri fecit, iSc Bil)lia sacra ad I'mncs |)r(niin<'ins destinari, diadem.ique Monarchicum primus Bri- taiini>i regibus (leilil : Eicloiis inlinita pr.rstitit, agros, aiuionam, stipem egenis, a>gris, \ i- h. IT.auius Conetantine, surnamcd the great, king of the Britaines after iiis father, and Em- liernr of the l!omaiu'>, borne in Britanie of Helena his mother, and there created Emperour, made liis naiiue countrev partaker of his singular glorv andremnune. Hauii'g < on(iuered and jnit to flight the AInianes, Spaniards, Frenchmen, and their Kings lor a speitac le tiiiviwen out to \vilil beasts, he held France it selfe as subiect vnto him : and haning iiappily tleliuered the lia'.ians from the tyrannic of Maxontius, he preferred three of his mothers \niles, all Britames, namelv , Eeoline, Trahere, and Marius, whom in all his ,i< lions he had found nunc failhrull vnto him then any others, to be of the order of the Ko- niane Senators. F 2 Eutropius I ill m \i V \ M I 'I m M j) k 11 if i m 36 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Pelagiun. Eutropiiis reporteth, that he infinitely excelled in the vertues both of the mind and body also, and that hailing a pleasure in the practise of warre, and in the iust commendation of Martiall prowesse, he neuer pitched his field but his successe in the battel was alwayes vic- torious. Ilis mother Helena hauinj; instructed him in the faith of Christ, although hee -nade much of all men that were learned in the Greeke and Latine tongues, yet heyeelded special! honor to those that spent their time in the studie of Diuinitie, which he called Christian Philosophic: so (hat bejjinning at the furthest part of the Ocean sea, which then was taken to be his owne natiiic sovle of IJritainc, and trusting in the assistance of God, when the darkencs of superstition was most thicke, then hce vndertooke a care of Ileligion, stirring vp innumerable nations from tlu- We-^t as farrc as India it sclfc, to the hope of etcrnall life. Hee passed manv nigiiles witiiout sleepe, hauing his niindc occupied in diuine studies: and whensoeiier his laisiire from greater affaires did permit him, his vacant limes should be spent in the \sc of writing and other good exercises, assuring himselfc that his kingdonie* and Kiiipire were to lie continued and strengthened to him bv prayer and holv wcrkcs: and oftentimes taking vpoii him as it were the person of a notable pre;icherof Christian discipline, he would te.ach his children and iiobiliiie, that godlinesse was to be preferred before riclie>, yea, before the Monarchic of all the world. He ouerthrew the false gocU of the heathens, and bv many lawcs often reuiiieJ, he abro- gated the worshipping of bnaucs in all the countries of'CJreece, Egypt, I'ersia, Asia, and the whole Honiane Empire, comin:indiiig Christ onelv bv his Edicts to be worshipped, the sacred Gospell to be preached, the .Ministers tiicrcof tube n.inoured a ,d relicucd, and the temples of Idoles cuery where to be destni\ed. Whitlicrsoeucr he went liee caused the booke of the Gospell of Christ to be still caried before him, that thereby it might appcnre to be a forme of faith to all men, am^ !>> appcr- taine generally to all nations. He was the lirsi that apiiointed an Inii)criall Diademe, or Crowne to the Kings of Hritaine. He was most beneliciall to all Churclies, bestowing vpon them lands and lields, and \po!i the |)oore, sicke jicrsons, wldowes and orpliane^, come and wood, beint; as carcfull of them as if he had beene their naliirall fatlier. He vscd learned men most familiarly, as l",ustibiii>, I.a<'taniiMs and others, and they are wit- jicsses that this was his usuall piaycr to C^od. O Lord we know thee to be the onelv (Joil, we are sure that thou art the onelv King, and wee call \ponihcc as our helper: through thee we haue gotten the victorie, and by fliee we haue ouerihrowen the enemi»-. .Scxtus Aurelius reporteth, that it was his greatest delight to imbrace the studie of Icaminij, to fauour good Arts, to read, write and medidatc, and that he composed nuuiv bookcs and I'^pisilcs both in the (ireekc and Latino tongues. He died at Nicomedia, being then (>(i. yeres of age, in the '.i2. yere of his reigne, and in the .'J39. ycere alter the Incarnation of Christ, and was burled at ("onstantinople, Octanius being thjii Kin;- of Britaine : whose life laiscbiiis bishoj) of (Vsarea hath written in (Jreeke in 4. (jookes, which afterwards were translated into the I.atine tongue by lolm I'urc-.ilam e suis Constantinopolim ad lustiniaiuun legaret, .\ngIos eliam misit, ;:inbitiosiiis \eiuliians, quasi li.ee insula suosubesset imperio. The same in English. Tile Isle of Britaine is inliabited bv three most populous nations, cuery of which is go- ucrncd by a seiu-rall king. The savd nations are named Angili, Frisones, and Britones, which last arc < ailed alter the n;un(' of the Island, In this Isle there arc such swarmes of people, that euerv \e<'re ihty goc fcoitli in great luimbers with their wines and children into France. And the Fri nclunen right willingly receiuethem into their l.inde, which seemeth very deso- late for w.i'it of inhaoitants. Whireu])on it is sayd that the Freiu-h doe ch.tllenge the fore- sayde Island vnto iheinselues. For not long since, when the king of the Frankes sent cer- laine of his subiects .nubass.idours to Constantinople \nto luslinian the l"ni[)cri'iT, he sent English m % V. '■i "n \m •i .' y I- ■ I S8 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. F.rigene. English men also, ambitiously boasting, as though the sayd Isle had bene vndcr his iiirls- diclion. A feslimonie of the scndinji of Sighelmus Bishop of Shirlitirnc, by King Alphrcd, vnto Saint Thomas of Imiia in (he yearc of our Lord SS,'{, recorded by William of Malmcsburie, in liis second booke and fourth Chapter dc gestis reguni An- glornni. liLeeniosynis intentiis priiiilenia erclesiarum, sicut pater >latiierat, robornuit; & tran^i mare Romani, & ad sanctum Tliomam in Indiam mnlta munera inisii. I.egatiis in hoc missus Sighclmus Shirburiiensis Episcopus cum magna prospcritate, quod (|uiuis hoc seculo mire tur, indiam penetrauit ; inde rediens exoticos splendoreM gemmanim, iV licpiorcs aromatum, quo- nun ilia humus ferax est, reporlauit. The same in Englisli. King Alphred being ad('ieted to <;iiiin>f of almes, confirmed ilic piiuilci;e-. of ('hurclies ;n his father had determined; and sent also many giftes beyond the seas \nio Heme, ;ui(l vnto S. Thomas of bulia. His messenger in this businesse was Sjijiielmus bishop ol Schiri)iiriie; who with great prosperilie (which is a matter to be wondeiod at in this our a^e) tr.uiailcd thorough India, and returning home broujiht with him many : trange and precious vniolis and costly spvces, such as that countrey plentifully yeeldeth. A second testimnnv of the foresaid Sighelmus his voyage vnto Saint Tiioin.is of India \c. out of William of Malmesburie his second booke de gestis pnntiliciini Anglorum, cap. dc episcopis Schircburncnsibus, Salisburieusibus, Wiltuneiisibus. Slghelmus trans mare, causa elecmosvnanim regis, iV- cliain ad Sam tmn Thoinam in In- diam missus mira prosperitate, (piod quiuis in hoc seculo mirelur, Indiam penetrauit; indci|ui> rediens exotici generis gemmas, (piarnm ilia humus ferax est, rcjxirtauit. Normuliie illariun adhuc in cctlcsix monumeiitis \i»iniiur. The same in luiglish. Siglu'Iinus being for the performance of the kings almes sent bevoiul the sean, and tr.i- uailing vnto S. Thomas of India, vcrv prosperously (^whith a man would vvoonder at in this home brousiht with him di- Maiiv of which stones are I ,* age) passed through the savde coimlrev of India, and returning tiers strange and precious stones, such as that climate anbiu'dctli. as vet extant in the monuments of the Church. The life and trauaile.s of lohn Erigena. lOaniies Erigena Rritannus natione, in Mcneuia vrbe, sen ad faiuim Dauidis, \: p:itricio ijenitore natui, duin Anglos Daci crudcles bellis ac rapinis molestarent, ac omnia illic esscnt lumullibus plena, longam ipse peregrinationem Athenas \-c\\\c suscc|)it, ann^sfj; quanijilures litcris (ira'cis, Chaldaicis, \ Aral)icis insudaiiit; omnia illic innisit I'lLilosoplioriMn loca, ac studia, imo & ipsiun oraculum Soils, cpiod .Vesrulapins sibi cnnstrn\cr.it. lauenicns tandein (piod loii'^o quirsierat labore, in Italian! iV Galiiani est reiiersus vbi ol' ir,-;L;iiiin c riidilioncni, Carolo Caluo, & jjostca I.udonico Balbo aceeptii-, Dionysij .Arcop igii.r libros de ((clesti Ilierarchia, ex Coiistantiiiopoli tunc missos Latinos lecit, Anno Doni. 8,")S. I'rolectiis posfta in Britainiiam, Alj)hredi Anglorum Hegis, & suorum liberorum laciiis est |)ni'( eptor, atiiue ipso mox adhortante, inter ocia litcraria c Gra?co transtulit in tres linguas, sc iliiei Chaldai(ain, Arabiiam, iV Latinam, Aristotelis tnoralia, de secreii.s secrctonnn, .sen recto regimine I'riii- cipum, opus certe exquisiium. In Malmsbiiriensi ca-nobio tandem, quo recreationis gratia se contulerat, inter legendum a quibusdam discipiilis inalcuolis intcrimebatur, \\\\w Chrisii, S84. The same in English. lOhu Erigcne a Briiane, descended of honourable parents, and borne in the T. une of S DauiJ '*' ()/ ^' F.rigcuc. r his iiiri-i- )lircil, 'illiain n All- it; & iran^ iioc mis-iiis ilo niirr tiir, latum, quo- ['lilirilifs as r, aiiibn-<. Miiam ill Ill- it ; iii(lii|iii''' uilo: illanim iin, and IM- T at in lliis ivitli liim di- ll stoiirs arc iV piitriciii a illii' t'-Miil qiiaiiiplurrs mil li'ca, ai- ii-iis laiidciii riidilioiuiii, i dc ((I'li'^li i'ctiis jxisfta ■ptur, alliking and hating him, rose against him, and slue him in the yccre of Christ, 884. The trauailes of Andrew Wliiteman alias Lcucander, Cenfur. 2. ANdr.Tas Lcucander ali^'* Whiicman ( iuMa Lelaiiduin) Monachus, & Abbas Ramesicnsis ("cciioliii tcrliiisruit. Uic bonis arlibus studio ((iKidain incrcdibili noctcs atque dies inuigila- bat, i*\; lipciie praiciiini iiigcii-i iiidc ictulit. Acccssit pnetcrca & aniens quoddain drsideriuin, raiJropiijs tSj aperlis ociilis xideiuli loca in qiiibus Seruator Christiis redeniptionis nostrae inv-icrla omnia coiisiuiiniauit, quorum priiis sola noniiiia ex scriptiirarum lectione nouerat : viide & s.icram Uicro^olymoniiii vrbem miraculormn, praedicatioiiis, ac passionis eius tcstem inuisil, atqiie domum rediens ("actus est Abbas. Claruisse fertur anno nati Seruatoris, 1020. sub Camiio Dano. The same in English. ANdrcw Lcucander f)therwise callcil Whiteman (as Leiand reporteth) was by jjrofession a Mimkc, and tl;e liiird Abbat of ilic .\bbey of Hairi'-ie: he was exceedingly giueii to the stu- «lit" (if uood arics, taking paiiies therein day & night, & prolited greatly thereby. And amongst all other things, he hai, and being againe rcliiriicgnati intereinpii, iV ( \t (piidam dieiiiit) fratris lerosoliinain abijt: indeque rediens, a Saracenis eircumtientus, & ad mortem ca^sus est. The same in English, SWanus Iieing of a perueisc disposition, and faithlesse to the king, often times disagreed with his father and bis brother Harold: and afterwards prooiiing a pirate, he stained the ver- mes of his ancestours with his mbberies \pon the seas. Last of all, being guilty vnto him- r annis it.i iaccaiit; cliriim nimirnm miscris niorlalilnis c(um h.ibitos e|)isc(!po l.pliesi ilestin;itiii, cpi-.tola pariler, quam sacram \o(ant, comitaiite. \l ostcndcrcniur legalis reyis Auiiiia- ^cpiom dormicntium marturiiilcs cxuniic. l"acti'ini<| ; i>t vt \aticinium regis I'dwnnli (iMuis i-miiibus comprobatum, q\ii se a p,itril)ns acccpisse iiirarciit, super dextriim iilo-, lain-. (]iiiesi(rc : sed post introilnm An';Ioriim in spcluncam, ^erilalcm peregrinje propiicli.e coiittiliernalibus suis priTdicarunt. Nee moram I'cNiinatii) nialornm (ecii, (juin Agareni, iS: Arabcs, I'v Turci, aliena; scilicet a ("hristo gcnfe-;, Svriam, iV l.\ciani, vV minorem Asiam omnino, (!<; maioris multas \rbcs, inter qnas iV Ephc kiuL^Iv diailcme, and .1(1 umpaiiii'd with diners of |ii> nnbies, -iate at dinner in liis p.iilace at \\'c-tmin'itli (i.iintv meats, .lid fed thereupon \ery eaiiie-tiy, lie lifting \p hi< mind from earthlv in,~ttirs and meditating 111 lieauL'iily virions (to ihe great admiration of those which were present "i lir.ike forth into an csceediii!; lauuiiter : and no man presuming to enquire the cau^e ofhis niiilli, tliey all ke]it si- Iriice til tliniier was ended. I'.iit after dinner as he was in his bedi h.imber ])iiiiiiiL; olfhis so- Uiiiiu- roabcs, three i f lii> Nc.hlev, to wit carle Harold, an Abbut, and .i lii-lu.p, beinj; iiK re f.iiiiiliir \vitli liini then the ic-idiic followed him in and t.ouldK a-ked iiim what \v:w the ociasioii III hi, laiigliier: for it -.eemed vcr\ strange \ntofhcm .ill, what shnulil mmie hiiii at so sdleiniie .i liini! and .isscinbN , while others kept silence, to l.nigh m) cm e-.-.iiiel\ . I s.iw ' quoth he) admirable things, aiul therefore laughed I not without occasion, 'fhen ilicv , as it is the I ominoii gui-.e of all men ) dcnianndrd and enquired the cause more e.iriie-lK, iuiiii- bly beseeching him that hee would vouchsafe to ini|.,irt that secret vnto tliein. \Viieieu|>on inu-ini,' Alured. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 41 imisinjja long while vnto liimsclfc, at length he told them wonderfull things: namely that scucii SIcc|)ers had resfrd in mount Casliiis two hundred yeeres, lying vpon their right sides; but in the very houre of his laughter, that they turned themschies on their left sides; and that thev should coniiiiuc so lying lor the space of Ti. yeeres after; being a dismal signe of fu- ture calaniitie vnio mankinde. For all things should come to passe within those 74. yeeres, which, as our Sauiour Christ foretold vnto his disciples, were to be fulfilled about the cnde of the world ; namciv that nation should rise against nation, and kingdome against kingdome, and that there should bee in many places earthquakes, pestilence, and famine, terrible appa- ritions in the hcaucns, and great signcs, togethi. with alterations of kingdomes, warres of inlidcls against the Christians, and victories of the Christians against the infidels. And as thcv wondered at these relation-^, he declared vnto them the passion of the seuen Sleepers, with the jiroportion and .slii , cache of their bodies (which things no man liuing had as then committed vnto writiii , and that so jjlainely and distinctly, as if he had conucrsed a long lime in their company. Hereupon the carle sent a knight, the bishop a clearke, and the Abbr)t a monke vnto .NIanichcs the F.mperour of Constantinople, with the letters and gifts of their King. Who giuing them friendly entertainment, sent them ouer vnto the bishop of Ephe-.us; and wioie his letters vnto him giuing him charge, that the English Ambassadoum might be admilted to sec the true, and material habiliments of the seuen Sleepers. And it came to passe that King Edwards vision w.ns approued by all the Greekcs, who protested they were adiicrtiscd by tluir fathers, that the r( rcsaid seuen Sleepers had alwayes before that time rested vpon ihoir right sides; but after the Englishmen were entered into the caue, tho.se Sleepers confirmed the tructh of the outlandish prophesie, vnto their countreymen. Neither were the calamities foretold, any long time delayed: for the Agarens, Arabians, Turkes and other vnbcleeuing nations inuading the Christians, harried and spoiled Syria, Lycia, the lesser Asia, and many cities of Asia the greater, and amongst the rest Ephesus, yea, and leru- salem also. The Voyage of Alured bishop of Worcester vnto leriisalem, an. IO.^>H. Hecordcd by Roger Houedcn in ])arte priore Arinalium, fol. 'i.'ij. linea 15. ALuredus Wigorniensis F.pis( dpusecrlcsiain, quam in ciiiifate Glauorna a fundamentis ron-A.D. iej8. stnixcrat, in honore prin(i])is .Xpustoloruin I'etri honorific^ dcdicauit : &• postcA regis licentia Wolstanum Wigornienscm Monacluim a so ordinaium .Mibatem constituit ibidem. Dein prxsulatu lliIni^so Wiltoniensis erclesi.-e. (|ui sibi ad regcndtim commissus fuerat, iK: Her- nianiin, ( iijus supra mentioncm fecinuis, reddilo, mare transijt, & per Himgariam profectiis est Ilicrosolymam, &c. 'fhe same in English. IN the ycre of our Lord l().')S .Mured bishoji of Worcester, very solemnely dedicated a ("hurili (which himscH'e had founded and built in the citie of (Jloccstcr) vnto the honour of S. I'cicr the chicfe .Ajiostle : and altcrw.ird i)y the kings permission ordained Wolstnn a Monke of Worcester of his owne choice, to he .\hl)ate in the-ame place. And then hailing left his Hishopri( kc wliich was committed vnto him ouer the Cliurch of Wi!t(>n, and hailing resigned the v;\nie vnto lli'rm.iimus al)oue mentioned, passeil ouer the seas, and traiiailed through lliiiigarie vnto lerusalcm, &('. The voyage ol' liigulphus Aiibat of Croiland vnto leriisalem, performed (according to I'lorentiiis Wigorniensis) in the yeeie of our Lord, Il)li4, and descrijjeil by the !.aid liigiil|)lius hiinselfc about the conclusion of hisbriefc Historic. E(Io Inguli)luis hiimilis minister Sancti Giithlaci Monasterijq; sui Croilandensis, natus in a. p, ice^ Angiia, & a paicniilius Anglicis, ([uipp^ vrbis pulcherrima' I.ondoniarum, pro Uteris ad- di'C<'n(lis in teiicri(iri ;i-tate constitutus, primiim Westmonasterio, |iostmodu!n Oxoniensi studio traditiis cram. Cunupie in Aristolele arripiendo su]>ra multos co.Ttaneos meos profe- . i-scm, etiain Khctoricam Tullij primam & secundam talo tenus inducbam. Factus ergo VOL. II. ad olesecniior. I '»!) I!, I'll I' I ■ 42 A. V. ICJI. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Ingulphus, A. D. I0«4, According to Florfntiui W |ornirnsis> adolcscentior, fa>*tidicns parentuin mcorum exijjuitatcni, patcrno.s lares relinqucre, & pala- lia regum aut principiim afl[eclan»<, mollibus vcstiri, poinposisquc lacinijs ainiciri indies arden- tiiis appctcbam. Et ecc^, iiu-lylii!> nunc rex iiostcr Ai));lia>, tunc adiuic romcs Nonnanniae Wiihelinus ad colloquium tunc regis Anglias Edwardi cognati sui, cum grandi miiiistrantiiim coniitatu Londonia;* aducntabat. Quibu» citius inscrtus, ingerens nic vbi'qiic ad omnia emergentia negotia pcragenda, cum prosperi; plurima pcrfccisscm, in breui agniius illu.striit- simo comiti & astrictissim^ adamatus, cum ipso Norinanniam enauigabain. FacUw iliidem scriba cius, pn) libito toiam comitis curiam, ad nonnullorum iniiiiliani regebam ; quosque volui humiilabam, & quosvolui cxaltabam. Cumque iuucnili calorc impulsus in tam ccIho statu supra meos natales con.iistcre laedcrcm, quin semper ad alliora consccnderc, instabili animo, ac nimium ])ruricn(i aHeilu, ad crubcscetiam ambitiosus auidi-^sinii; drsiderarem : luintiatur per vniucrsam Normnnniam j)lurimos archiepiscopos impcrij cum ninnullis alijs terrac principibus vclic pro iiierito niiimarum suarum more pcregrinorum cum dcbita dcuo- i- tione Ilicrosolymam proticisci. De familia ergo comitis domiiii nostri jilurimi lain miiilcs i\\\hm dcrici, quorum primus & praccipuiis ego eram, cum lircnlia, & domini nostri co- mitis benciioleniia, in dictum iter nos (nines accinximus: & Aiemanniam pclenlcs, cquites triginta numero & amplius domino Maguntino coniuncli sumus. Parali nanujue onniis ad viam, &: cum dominis cpiscopis connumerati septcm niillia, pertranscunlcs pr<)s|)eri! niuila terrarum spatia, tandem Constaniiiiopolim penicninnis. Vbi Alexium Impcralorcin cius ad- orantcs Agiosophiam vidimus, & infinila saiictuaria ostulati suinus. Diucrtenlcs indc per I,v- ciam, in manus Arabicorum latronum inridimns; euistcratique dc inliniiis pecuiiiis, luin mortil)US multorum, & maximo vita- no^trae poritulo vi\ cuadintcs, tandem dcsidcralissiniain ciuitatem Hierosolymam latto iiitroitu tenebamu-*. Ab ipso tunc pntriarciia Sophnmio nomine, viro vencranda canitie honestissimo ac saiictisj-iino, grandi cymbalorum tonilru, A: luniinarium immenso fulgore suscepti, ad diuiiussimam eccloiani sanctissimi sc|)ulcliri, fain Syniniin, (|u;\m Lalinorum solenni processionc dcduffi sumus. Ibi qiipiral)amus. Sed Arabum lalr'iiculi cpii omnem viam ob.scruabant, Icngius a ciuilate ciiagari, sua raiiiosa miiltitudine innuii.era non sincl)ant. Verc igiiur accidentc, stolus ir.iuium lanuensium in porta loppcnsi ajipliiuit. In (|uil)us, cum sua mcrciinonia C'lirisiiani lucrcatorcs per ( iiiitalcs niaritimas comnuitasscnt, &: sancta loca similiter adorasscnt, ascendentcs onincs mari nos comntisimus. Et iactari (luclii)us pero iiinere per A|>uliaiu Komain pctentcs, sanctoru Apostolorum Petri & I'auli limina, & copiosissima sanctoru martvrum monumenta per onuics stationes osculali sumus. Inde archicpisco|)i, (,x'l('ri(|uc principcs imperij Aiemanniam per dcxiram repctentes, nos versus Eranciam ad sinistram dcclinaiiics cum inenarribilibus &: gratijs & osculis ab inuiccin discessimus. Et tandem de tripiinta equitibus, qui de Normannia pingues cxiuimus, vix viginti pauperes pcregrini, & onincs pcdites, macie mulia attenuati, rcuersi suinus. The same in English. I Ingulphus an humble scruant of rcuerend Gulliiac and of his monastery of CroiiantJ, borne in England, and of I'^nglish parents, at the beautiriill citie of London, was in my youth, for the attaining of good letters, placed (irst at Wcstniiiister, and afterward sent to the Vniucrsiticof Oxford. And hauing excelled iliuers of iinnc (((uals in learning of Aris- totle, I inured my seife somewhat vnto the /irst X' secoml Rlu'thori(|ue of Tullie. And as I grew in age, disdayning my parents nicanc estate, and forsaking mine owne iiatiue soyle, I afli?cted the Courts of kings and princes, and was ilcsiruu.s to be clad in silLe, ami to weare braue I 4 :4^!f Ingulphua. •re, & pala- iiulicHardcn- Nonnannio! unistrantiiiin ic ad omnia iliH illustris- ;i('tiis ibidem m ; quo.squc ill tam ccIho I'rr, instabili Icsiderarcni : iiiniliis alijs debita dcuu- i lain niililcM iii nostri ro- •litcs, rqiiilcs :|iie oiDiiit ad rosport iiiulla nrciii ciiis ad- I indc ptT I,y- eiimij>i, cum idcralissiniam niiiit) nomine, ^' liiniinariiiin ininini, cpii'kin U( t lad r\ mas t'Mi-i Clirisiiis. •ciida ririiim- SdiiLiinis dii- riuitalis, lam im rc«l.iur,iti()- i, Miiiicrs.iqiu> mm lairvniiili line inntiii.cra vm.'] a|ipli(iilt, ■omiiuiiavsfiit, IS. Ft iactaii uiiain Ktimam orii martyruin jpic priiu ipcs III dicliii.iiilfs in (Ic tri'iiiiia ini, & unincs ,' (if Croilaiul, n, was ill my [•rward sent ro rninp of Aris- lie. And as I ia»iiio soyle, I and to wcarc braiic fngnlphui. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 13 brane and costly attire. And ioc, at the same time William our soucreignc king now, but tlicn Erie of Normandie, with a great troup of followers and attendants came vnto London, to confcrre with king Kdward the Confessour his kinsman. Into whose company intruding my A, D.ioji. sclfe, awl proll'cringiny seruicc for the performance of any speedy or weightie aflayres.in short time, after I had done liiaiiy things with good successe, I was knowcn and most entirely beloued bv the victorious Eric himselfe, and with him I sayled into Normandie. And there being made his serrctarie, I gouerncd the Eries Court (albeit with the enuie of some) as my selfe pleased, yea whom I would I abased, and preferred whom I thought good. When as therefore, being carried with a youthful heat and lustie humour, I began to be wearie eucn of this place, wherein I was aduancod so high aboue my parentage, and with an inconstant minde, and affec- tion too too ambitious, most vehemently aspired at all occasions to climbe higher: there went a report throughout all Normandie, that diners Archbi.shops of the Empire, and secular princes were desirous for their soulcs health, and for deuotion sake, to goe on pilgrimage to leru- salcm. Wherefore out of the family of our lordc the Earle, sundry of vs, both gentlemen and dcrkes t, principal! of whom was mysclfe) with the licence and good will of our sayd lord the earle, sped vson that voiage, and trauailing thirtie horses of vs into high Germanic, we iovned our sclues vnto the Archbishop of Mentz. And being with the companies of the Bishops seiicn thousand persons sufliciently prnuided for such an expedition, we passed pros- perously through many prnuinrcs, and at length attained vnto Constantinople. Where doing rcuerence vnto the Emperour Alexius, we sawe the Church of Sancfa Sophia, and kissed di- uers sacred reliques. Departing thence fhroui;h Lycia, wc fell info the hands of the Arabian theeuc-i : and after we had beenc robbed of infinite summes of money, and had lost many of our people, hardly escaping with cxtreamc danger of our lines, at length wee ioyfully en- tered into the most wished citie of lerusalem. Where we were recciued by the most rcuerend, aged, and holy patriarkc Sophronius, with great melodie of cymbals and with torch-light, and were accompanied vnto the most diuine Church of our Sauiour his sepulchre with a so- lemne processiiin aswell of .Syrians as of Latines. Here, how many prayers wc vttercd, what abundance of teiivs we shed, what deepe sighs we breathed foorth, our Lord lesus Christ onely knoweth. Wherefore being conducted from the most glorious sepulchre of Christ to visile other sacred monuments of the citie, wc saw with wcejiing eyes a great number of holv Churches and oratories, which .\chim the Souldan of Egypt had lately (lesfroyed. And so hauing bewailed with saildc tcares, and most sorowful and bleeding aflections, all the niincs of that most holy city both within and without, and hauing bestowed money for the rccdifving of some, wc desired with most ardent deuotion to go forth into the coiintrey, lo wash our schies in the most sacred riiier of lordan, and to kisse all the steppes of Christ. Ildwbcii the ilieciiish Araliians lurking vpon eucry way, would not suffer vs to trauell farre from the city, by reason of their huge and furious nuiltitudcs. Wherefore about the spring ilicre arriued at the port of loppa a fleet of ships from Genoa. In which fleet (when the ChristiHii merchants had ixchanged all their wares at the coast towncs, and had likewise \isiicil the holv places) wee all of vs embarked, committing oursclues to the seas: and being tossed with many slormes and tempests, at length wee arriued at Hrundusium : and so with a prosperous iourney irauelling thorow Apulia towards Rome, we there visited the habitations of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and did rcuerence vnto diners monuments of holy mar- tyrs in all |)laces thorowout the city. From thence the archbishops and other princes of the empire trauelling towards the right hand for Alemain, and we declining towards the left h.iiid for France, departed asunder, taking our leaues with vnspeakable thankes and courte- sies And so at length, of thirty horsemen which went out of Normandie fat, lusty, and fro- lique, we returned hither skarse twenty poore pilgrims of vs, being all footmen, and con- sumed with Icanncsse to the bare bones. i: \ I, $ V, •■> % Diners m %,-^' 'ill 44 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Culucrt. y \k I I. Dilirrs of the honourable family of the Bcaiichamps, with Robert Ciirtoytace. pers(Mis \ery commcnilable in all verlue-i and of iniinortall memorie. But he had hard for- time in his iourney, because his foresaid wife, being wearied with a long sicknes (iiii-lied Itii life with a happie end necrc the citie of Marasia, before ihe Christian armie tame vnlo An- tioch, where she was honourably buried, as we haue declared before. Chronicon Hierosolymitanum in lib. J. cap.y7 mnketh also mention of this Eng- lish Ladv, which he calleth (iodwer.i in this maner IIAc in regione Maresch vxor Baldewini nobili>sima, quam de regno Anglia' eduxit, diuiina corporis molestia aggrauata, & du< i (indefrido conunendala, \itani exhalauit, sejuilta Cailio- licis obsequijs; cuius nomen erat Godwera. The same in English. IN this prouinre of Nfarcsch the most noble wife of Baldwine, which lie caried wiih him out of England being visited with davlv sicknesses and inf;rmities of body, anil cornniended to the custody of duke (iodfrey, drparlcd out of this lile, and was buried after the Christian maner. llcr name wasdodwera. The voyage of Edgar the sonnr of l^lward which was the sonne of Eilinund "ur- named Ironside, brother \ntoK. Edward the confc-xir, (being accompanied with \aliant Robert the sonne of Ciodwin) vnto lerusalem, in the veere of our Lord \W*. Recorded by William of Malmesburie, lib..'?, histo. fol.'.JH. \. D. 1102, SVbsrquenti tempore ciim Roberto filio (Jodwini miiile audacissimo r.dgarns Ilierosolii mam pertendit. lllud fuii teni|)us ipio Tiirci lialdwinuni regcm apud Rainas ol).'>eiierunt : qui cum obsidionis iniuriam ferre necjuiret, per mcdias hostium acics cdiigit, solius Roberti opera li- i)eratiis Guluerf. Knu- rros(iIun;iin It : qui L' II til rti (ipt'ra li- licratiis Etigar. TRAFFIdUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Hh boratiw prrccuntin, & ciingiiia(o Riadio dcxfra Iciiaquc Turco.s tiiHUiiiiH. Scd cum succewii ipso (rm ulcntior, alacrilatp nimia procurrcret, enitin manu cxcidir. Ad qiu-in ircolligendum cum NC iiitlinasscf. omnium iiicursu oppressus, vinculis palmas dcdit. Inde Hahyloiiiam (vt aiiiiit) ductus, cum Christum almcjjaro iiollct, in medio foro ad signuin positus, & Naxitiis tcrcbratus, iiiartyrium coiiscriaiiit. Edgariis amisso milite rf>;rcssiis, mnlla(|iu' hcueficia al) ImpcraloribiH GraTorum, & Alcmannorum adeptus (qiiippfe qui ctiain turn riiiiierc pro •rfiicris ampliludinc tcntasscnt) omnia pro nafalis Holi dcnidcrio -jircuit. Quosdam ciiim prorc(t(^ t'allit amor patriiu, vt niliil cis videatur iucundum, nisi coiir^uptiim hau-crint crelum. Viidi; Ld",'arus fatua cupidinc illusus Angliain rcdijt, vbi (vt supcriiis dixi) diiiorso rortiinae ludicro ruiatus, nunc rcmotus & tacitus, canos siios in agro consumit. The same in Eiiglisli. Al'Vrward ndj;ar being snnno vnto the nephcwe of Edward the conTessour, fraiieilcd with Kobori the soiiiic of (Jodwin a most valiant knight, vnfo lerusaleni. And it was at the same lime when thuluiies liesic^etl kin" Haidwiii at Kama: who not being able to endure the straight sioj;e, was liv the heipe of Itcibi it especially, going before him, and with his drawcii sword making a lane, and slaving the Turkes on his right hande and on his left, deliuered out of that danger, and escaped through the midst of his enemies campe. But vpon his happiesuc- ccsse beiiii; more cigcr and fierce, as he went forward somewhat too hastily, his sworde fell out of his jiaiul. Willi li as he stoiiped to take vp, being oppressed with the whole multitude, hee was there taken and bound. From whence (as some say) being carried vnto Babylon or Alcairin Ilgypt, when he would not renounce Christ, he was lyed vntoa stake in the midst of the market place, and being siiot through with arrowes, died a martyr. Edgar hailing lost his kniulit returned, and being honoured with many reward-- both by the (ireekish and by the CicrinaineKinperour (who both of them would right gladly haue entertained him slil for his great nobiliiie) contemned all things in respect of his natiiie soile. For in very deede some are so inueagled with the loue of their countrey, that nothing can sceme pleasant vnto them, vnles.se they breath in the same aire where they were bred. Wherefore Edgar being misledde with a fond alVection, returned into England ; and aftcrw ird being subiect vnto di- ners changes of fortune (aswehaiic aboiie signilied) he spendetli'now hisextreeme oldc age whm iht au- in an obsnire and iiriiiatc iilace of the countrey. ihnr wn wii. ' ' ■' tin^ffthis Mention made of one (Joilericiis, a valiant Englishman, who was with his ships ^ul«'y■ in the vovage vnto tiie llnK land in the second yeere of lialdwine King of lerusa- lem, in the third yere of Henry the first of England. Cllronicon nierosolvmitanum lib. 9. cap. 9. Veriim de hine septcm diebus euolutis rex ab .\ssiir exicMs, nanciii (iiiie dicitur Buza ascendit, & cum eo (Jodericiis pirata de regno An- glise, ac vexillo lia^lii- |)r;e(i\o tV clato in aere ad radios solis vsqut>, Lqihet iiim paucis na- iii;;auii, vt hoc eius sigiio ciues Chrisiiani recognito, lidiiciam vil.c regis haberent, it not) facile hostiii minis paiiefacti, tiirpiter difliigiiim faccrent, aut vrbem rcdilere logerentur. .Sciehat eniin cos miilluin de vita & s.ilute eius desperare. Saraceni aiiie viso eius signo, iV recog- nito, ea jiarie qiia^ vrliein iMUigio cingebat illi in galeis viginii iV Carinis tredccim, quas vulgc appell.int Ca/h, occurrerunt, volentes Bii/.am regis ciTonare. .Sed Dei aiixilio vndis maris illis ex aduerso tiiincscentibiis ac reluctantibus, Bii/a autem regis fai ill, & agili cursii inter procetlas labente, ac voliiante, in portu lopp.-E delusis hostibiis siibito atluit, sex ex Sa- racenis in arcu siio in nauicula percussis, ac vulneratis. Inlrans ita(|ue ciuitaiem diiin in- eolumis omnium pateret oculis, reuixil spiritiis cunctoriim gementiiiiii and hv\\\% not caxily terrified with the threatcs of the cnemie.t might Mhamel'iilly riinne away, or be ron- slrained to yeeld vp the citie. For hee knew that they were very much out of' hope of hi* life and Nafetic, The Saracens seeing and knowing thiN his banner, that part of them which cnuironed the Citie by water made towards him with twentie (tallies and thirtecne shippes, which they commonly cal Cazli, sw'king lo inclose the Kings shippe. Hut, by (lods helpc the biilowes of the Sea swelling ami rauiiig against them, and the Kings shippe gliding and passing through the wanes with an easie and nimble course arriued suddenly in the haiien ofIopi)a, the enemies frustrated of their purpose; and hixe of the Sar.ircns were hurt and Kounuliibus vcxarent. Tiie same in F.nglisli. Wlliie tlieSarazens rontiniud tli< ir siege agani>t b'ppa, two hundred saile of Christian ship* arriued at l(>p|>a, that tliey niii;lit iirrforine their lU-uoiions at Ilierii^alein. The rliiefe mm and leader* of these (.'liri«tians arc reported to liaue bene : Bernard Witrazh of the land of (ialatia, Ilardine of Knglaiul, Oilio of Koiies, Iladerwcrck one of the i liiefe noble men of Westphalia, iVc. This Christian power through Gods speciall iirouision, :irriiieil here for the sueroiir and relief'e of the distressed iV besieged Christians in lnjipa, the iliird day of liilv, Wytl. and in the secoiul yeere of Haldwineking of lerusalem. Whereupon ilie inullitiuleof ilie Sara/ens, seeing that the Christian power iovncd themseliies Imldly, close by them eiien lace to fare in a lodging hard by them, the vcrv next night at midnight, remooiied their tenis, :nid jiitched them more then a mile oil', that they might the next morning bee adiiised whether tliev should relume lo Ascalon, or by often assaults vexe the citizens f)f laphet. Chronicon Ilierosolyiuitanum, eodem librol). cap. Vi. conlinucth this lii>torie of these two hundreih saile of ships, and sheweih how by their prowesse chiefly, the miillilude of the Sa- ra/ens were in short space \anquislicd and onerthrowen : The words are tliesc ; Ab ipso venN die tenia.' I'eri.e dinn sic in siiperbia iv elalione su.i- miiltiludinis iniinobijes Sarareni persisle- reiit, \' inultisarniornni terroribiis Christianum populuin vexareni, «exta leri.i appropiiu|nanle. Hex Haldwiniis in tiibis {si comibiis a laphet egrediens, in nianii mbiisia etpiituiii iV peditiim viriiitcm illnnnn ( riidcli l)ello esi .iLigressus, niagnis hinc & hiiic clainoribiis inlonanies. CIitk- ti.mi (Hi'(|ue inii ii.iuigio appiiisi sunt hurribili pariter claniore ciiin Hege H.ildwino, iV •iraui stre])ilii \o(ilerant('-, liabylonios vehemenii pugna sunt aggre.ssi, sjeuissimis al(|; nuiriiferis plagis eos adiigeiites. donee bello fatigali, iV- vltrii\im iion susiinentes liigam versus Asca- Iniiea inierunt. Alij veroab insccutoribus eripi cxistinianies, & niari se credentes, intole- rabili llartUne. iK-iii)>()(U hclpc ^lidiiiK •*'"' ri the hniicii re hurl mill ' ('ilio, niid iird tor him, lie head nnd iito thorn ill ('•>, and iidcd at Kcrptiir 'iO<). Ilorum IUt- rck, vims Ac in fprfia r«'ri,i nyU'Jtialis i>v hn-'tianoniin lorli" nrlii iii- rfa consihiiin hristian vhips ■ rliiiTf men the land of >1)U" mrii of htTf lor lh«' ilay of Iiilv, inullitiidc (if ' thrm <'ii<'n I thfir tcni-, i>cd wh<'ilirr r)f thc-r two Ic of ihfSa- \h ipso von^ mi pcrsisle- •opiiKliianti'. iV pcdiliiin inic.'*. ChrK- lU), \ uraiii |; iiinriifcii'i ITMIs .\>(;i- \\c<, intolc- rahili I A HtfU ifr. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, rahili prorellarnm flue fiiationc abiorpli ttiinl. E« "i** tiuita-i loppc cum hahitatoribiii wiw li- bcrata ctt. rciidcrunt hac die fria inillia Saraccnonim : Chrwtianoriim vcr6 paiici pcriJMC iiiiirnii huiiI, The xamc in EngliHii. YF.t notwiih«tandinj{, after rhc said thinl day of Iiily, the Sarazenfi perxinied hi};h minded and insolent, b) reason of their jjreat multitude, and much annoied the Chrisitian people with their many fore cable and terrible weapons ; whcreu|)on, on theHixtday of luly early in the mornin;; kinj; Haldwine isMied out of I.iphet, his trumpets and cornets yeeldin;,' a ureal and lowd sound, and with a very strong armie as well of horsemen as foolemen, who on euery "ide makin){ preal shoutesand outcries, with fierce and sharj)cbalfcll set on the mainc power of their enemiei. The Christians also who arriued in the nauie, rearing great clam'Uirs and noyses, with loud voices muX shoutings in horrible wise together, wi^li king Haldwine assauli- ed likewise with strimi', battc II the Rabylonians, and afllic cd 'hem wi»h most sor. iind ','e.ndly WdUiuN, Miiill iheSara/.cns being wearied widi fighting, iic.r ilile li: i,;.i f t.. . ulurc and hold out against the vahue of the Christians, Med towa"''.s Asi„ in. /I'l.. oii^'of them hoping to escape Crnin them that pursued them, iept inl', ''".' .-.•i-i, ..ltd wore '.^^.tl >wed vn iii the wanes thereof. And so the cilie of loppa with «h- :nh;it>ir.int< th«-''r)i uere freed of their enemies. There were slaiiie this day three thousand .^ara/.tji; ■ ■•\i;(i !>',i a few of the Chriitian« perisheiipa in (he H'-ly lainl, the seiieiilli yeere of Haldwine the si > n, d ling if MuT'iclvni. '.*'riit.i» in the lie);inning of the tenth bimke of "ii- C'litii.-ii'-ir if iliciusaleni, y:- ilv 'i. viire of Henry the lirst of Ungland. (•..p. I. .\r the sime time also in the scuenth veer" - ' !' ?■ r.u'cne of "-.(awine (lie Ciihclikf 'Im,;. (if llierii>alem, a \erv yre.it warrellke T'een' of • ■• ii.'tion '.'.J Mi'.;iai,l, »■, t' (» number of about seiie ihnus.ind, IkimIiij; will) them morv . wu iii" varre «■! lld, sa, led 'lithrr tiireu/jli migliiie and large seas, from ilie farre coiinirejs .,( V.nj-lanii, I'lan'K'rs, ami Denmark*', ffi worship at lerns.dem, and la visit the seinilchre ol' our I.ort'. Aii.l (!»erefor«^ wr nv .i.s.se.?n- bled to iiilreat your ( lemrni y touching the matter, that '•'v Nour i',;in.ur ai'.d 'aft eondui, w\> may peaceably goe v[) tc Icnisalein, ana worsiiip there, and so rc'iinu\ Chap. y. T!Ie king fanourablv hearing their whole petition, '.T.urcl viitci them a stron ' buul ifmc.i to condurl them, whii h brought them s.ifei'. (V>ini .ol assaults .ri, I '•nlnishcs o' tie (/entiles bv the knnwen waves vnfo lertisalem and all other piaics of dciirtion After tlwt thtse ])il- griins, \' new Christian strangers were broii/fi! nit ht. ihey Dllering \nlo our Lord their vowes in the temple of the holv sepulchre, rcu.r.ed '.;t;i ;re.it i ■•>, ani, without .'■II let vnto lop[)a ; where finding the king, they vowed that they would a-si: t him in all 'hings, which shmild seeme good vnto him ; who, grt ■ t!v nr, mending 'he men, and coinman(ling them to be well entertained with hospitr'iiy '.iswiied that he loul.l not on the sudden answere to •his point, Milill that after he had ci:'--'! iiis 11. 'lies logether, he had consulted with my lord the I'atriaifh what was mos» me •. .-.iid ir.n'. enient to be done, and not to trouble in vaine so willing .11, ariny. And i'iT».'rore rdlcr a few daves, callijig vnto him my lord the Patriarch, Hugh of Tabvri;, Cuiif'ide the keeper and lieutenant oTihe tower of Dauid, and the other chic lest 4t fii V t i>'i ■I i i' 'i. I'm '\ y I, 4^ 48 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, .1 Flcetc S^c. rhiefcst men of warro, he determined to haue a meeting in the city of Raines, to consult with tlicin what was best to be done. Chap. .'{. WHo, being assembled at the day appointed, and proposing tlicir diners <)i)inions e me:ine space Hugh n( Tabaria being sent for, accompanied with the troopcs of two hundred horsemen and foure hundred footmen, inuaded the coinitrcy of the Grosse Carle called Suet, \ery rich in gold and sillier most abundant in cattle frontering vpon the toun- trie of the Damascenes, where lice tooke a pray of inestimable riches and cattle, which .might banc sullised him for the besiege of Sagitta, whereof he ment to impart liberally to the king, and his companie, 'fhis pray being gathered out of sundry places thereabout, and beiiti; Mi> i Athclard. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIE.S. 49 y- beiiiR led away as farrc as the cilie of Beliiias, which they call Cassaria Philippi, the Turkes which dwelt at Damascus, together with the Saracens inhabitants oC the countrie pcrceiuing this, (lucking cii all partes tojicther by troopes, pursued Hughes companie to rescue the pray, and j)asscd foortli as farre as the liiountaines, ouer which Hughes footcmcn did driue the pray. There beganne a great skirmish of both partes, the one side made resistance to keepe the pray, the other indcuoured with all their might to recouer it, vntill at length the Turkes and Saracens preuailing, the pray was rescued and brought backc againe: which Hugh and his troopes of horsemen, suddenly vnderstanding, which were on the side of the mountaines, incontinently rid backe vpon the spurre, among the straight and craggie rockes, skirmishing with the enemies, and succouring their footemen, but as it chanced they fought vnfortu- nately. For Hugh, being vnarmcd, and immcdiatly rushing info the midilcst of all dangers, ;uid after his woontcd manner ituiading and wounding the infidels, being behinde with an arrowc shot through the backe which pierced thorough his liuer and brest, he gaue vp the ghost in the handes of his ownc people. Hereupon the troopes of the Gentiles being re- turned with the recouercd prav, and being deuided through the secret and hard passages of the craggie hillcs, the souUliers brought the dead bodie of Hugh, which they had put in a litter, into the citic of Na/.arcth, which is by the mount Thaber, where with great mourning and lamentation, so worthie a prince, and valiant champian was honourably and Catholikely interred. The i)rotlifr of the said Hugh named Gerrard, the same time lay sicke of a grieu- ous disease. Which hearing of the death of his brother, his sickne.sse of his body increasing more vchemenilv throug'i griefe, he also deceased within eight dayes after, and was buried by his brother, alter Christian mancr. Cliap. G. AlMcr the lainent.ible burials of these so famous Princes, the King, taking occasion of the death of these priiici|)all men of his armie, agreed, making none priuie thereto, to receiue (he money which ^^as ollcred him for his diflerriiig od'the siege of the citie of .Sagitta, yet (lisscnibling to make ])eaen(iants and stremers of pur|)Ie, and diuerse other glorious colours, with their fiagges of scarlet colour and silke, came tliither, and casting their ancres, rode hard by the citie. The king flic next day calling vnto him such as were priuie & acquainted with his dealings, opiMied his griel'c vnto the chicre ("aplaines of the English men and Danes, touching the slaughter of Hugh, and the death of his brother, and what great conlidence he reposed in them concerning these warrcs: and that nowe therefore they being departed and dead, lie nui-t of necessity diUcrie tlie besieging of Sagitta, \: for this time dismisse the armie assem- blcil. This resolution of the king being spred among the people, tiic armie was tlissolued, aiul the I'.nglishinen, Danes ami Flemings, with s.mIcs and oares going aboard their (leete, s.iulted the king, and returned home vnto their natiue countries. The trauailes of one Aihelard an Englishman, recorded by master Hale Centur. 2. ATholan'.us Hathoniensis Coenobij monachus, naturalium rerum niysteria, & causas omnes, diligenti;\ tam vndecun(pie exquisit;\ perscnitatus est, vt cum aliquibus veteris 'cculi philosophis non indigni^ conferri possit. Hie olim spcctalir indolis Adolesccns, vt virenteailhiic .etate iuuenile ingenium ftrcundaret, atquc ad res magnas pararct relicta duici p'.tria longinqii.H petijt regiones. Cum ver6 .llgvptuiii & Arabiam peragrans, plura inuen- issel, qu.'c eiiis desiderabat aninuis, cum magno labonnn, ac literaruni lucro in Angliam turn dcnium reuertehatiir. Ciaiuit anno virginci partus, 1130. Henrico prime rcgnante. II y ■V, '71. L 'I f H The ' \i hi X P i -I^ 90 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Ketenenaia. The same in English. AThelard a Monke of the Abbie of Bathe was so dili;jent a searcher of the secrets, and causes of naturall things, that he deserueth worthely to be compared witii some of the aun- cient Philosophers. This man although young, yet being of a good wit. and being desirous to increase and enrich the same with the best things, and to prepare himselfe as it were for greater matters, left his Countrey for a time, and trauailed into forreine Regions. He went through Egypt, and Arabia, and found out many things which he desired to his owne pri- uate contentment, and the profite of good letters generally, and so being satisfied, returned againe into his Countrey : he flourished in the ycere 1 1.30. Henry tiie tirst being then king of England. H The life and trauaijcs of one William of Tyre, an Englishman. Centur. 13. HicttiimCui- GVliclmus, Ecclcsia^ Doniinici scpulrhri Hierosoiymac Kcgulariuni Canonicorum prior, Su',ub I'lcn-' "''''""C Angiicus vir vita & moribus comendabilis, Anno Dom. ll'iH. postquam Tyrorum ricgprimo. Ciuitas lidci Christiana; restituta est nCiuimundo Hierosolymoruni patriarch;!, eidom vrbi pri- mus Arrhiepiscopus pncficicbatur. Est aulcm Tyrus ciuitas antiquissima, Phcrniria; \ni- uersa; .Metropolis, qua^ inter .Syriie prouincixs, & bonorum omnium pewb. comnioditate, & incolarum frequcntia primuin soniprr obtiniiit locum: post ronscripta quiedum opusciila, & E])istolas, nd Dominum miu;raiiit. An. Chrisli 1 130. quuni duolxis lantuin srdissel annis, & in Tyrensi Ecclesia sepelitur. The same in I'Miglish. William the Prior of the Canims Hoj;iiIar in the Church of Icnisaieni, called the Lord.* Sepulchre, w;ls an Englishman ijoriie, and of a verlnons and good bchauiour. .After th.it the Cilio of Tyre was restored agaiiie to the Christian faith, Guiinundi- the Patriarkc of leru- salcm made him the lirsl Arthbisiiop of Tvre, in the yeerc I I'iH Which Tyre is a very an- cient Citie, the Motropulis of all Pho'niiia, and hath bene accoinptcil the chiolcst Proiiinrc of .Syria, both for fruitful conimodiiifs and multitude of inhabitants. This William hauing in his life written nianv Hookcs and l-.pi-lles, died at last iti 'ic yeere I l.iO. hauini; bene Arch- bishop the space of two \eercs, and was buried in the Ciiiirch of Tyre. The trauailes of Hobertus Ketenensis. RObertus Ketenensis natione & cognomine Anglus, degustaiis primnm per Anglorum gymnasia humananun artium dementis literarijs, vltramarinas statim visitare proiiincias in animo constituii: Peragrati^ ergo Gallijs, Italia, Dalmalia, iSi Gr,Tcia, turn dcmum i)erueiiii in A-iam, vbi not) paruo lahore, ac vitit su.x- periculo inter Saracenos truculeniissimum hoini- num genus, Arabiram linguam ad amussim didicit. In llis|ianiani postea nauigio tradurtus, cin a thulium Hiherinn Astrologic.-c arti.s studio, cum Herniaimo quodam Dalmata, ni.igni sui itineris comitc se totum dedif. Claruit aiuu) seruatoris nosiri, 1143 Slephano regnautc, \" Painpilona; sepelitur. The sniTie in Ennlisli. THis Robert Ketenensis was called an Englishman by surname, ns he was bv birth : who after some time spent in the foundations of huinanitie, and in the elements o( godd Artes in the Vniuersiiics of England, determined to irauaile to the partes beyond .sea: and so trauailed through IVance, Italic, Dalinalia, and (Jrecce, and came at last into Asia, where he lined in great danger of his life amiuig the cruell Saracens, but vet learned perfectly the Arabian tongue. Afterwar !es he returnei! Iiy sea into Spaiiie, and there about the riuer Ibcrus, gaue him selfe wholy to the studie ol' A-trologic, with one llernianiuis a Dalmatian, who had accompanied him in his long \oyagc lie (iourished in the yeerc 1 143. Steuen being then King of England, anil was buried at l'am|)ilona. A voyage Clir»il !ub Strphino. s y* Ketenenais. ecrets, aiul )f the aiin- ng desirous it were for He went ownc pri- ll, returned r thcu king 13. orum prior, in Tyrorum cm vrl)i pri- ORriiriic vni- nodilntc, & )pu-iiula, &■ icC annis, iS. cil the I.ord.i it'ter that the rkc of leru- s a very an- cst Frouinre mi !iauin)r in 1 bene Arch- er An};loriiMi proiiiticias in linn periieiiii simiiin homi- i;io tradiirttis, ta, iria^ni ^ui regnaiitc, (Si- If l)irfh : who ^ood Artcs ill xra : and so ) Asia, where perfectly tlie l)out the riiier i a Dalmatian, 1143. Steueii A \oyaj;c IVit. Mandcuile. TIIAFFIQ.UES, AND DISCOUERIES. 91 A voyage of cerfaine English men vnder the conduct of Lewes king of France vnto the Holy land. TAnta5 expcdilionis cxplicito ai>p:i,'atu vterque princeps iter arripuit, & exercitu II47. scpartito. Impcrator cnim Conradiu pri -cedebat itinere aliquot dierum, cum Italumm, Gcr- Tempore rtgi'; manoruin, aliaruinquc gentium ampl'ssmi.s copijs. Rex vero Lodnuicus .sequebatur Fran-^"'''"''' corum, Flandrensium, " Normannorum, Britonum, Anglorum, Burgi'ndionum. Prouincia- liuin, Aqiiitanorum, cquesiri simu! & pcdestri agmine comitatus. Gulielmus Neobrigensii), fol. 371. The .same in English. BOlh the princes prouisioii being made for so great an expedition, they seuering their armie.x, entered on their iourney. For the Empcrour Conradus went before, certaine dayes iouriiey, with very great power of Italians, Germans, and other countreys. And king Lewes followed after accompanied with a baud of horsemen and footmen of French men, Flcmmings, Norinan.s, Britons, English men, Burgundions, men of Prouence, and Gaijcoiiis. Tlie voyage of lohn Lacy to lerusalem. ANno Domini 1172 fiindala fiiit abb; lia de Stanlaw per dominum lohannem Lacy Consta- 117.t. bularium Cestria; & dominum dc ilalton qui obijt in Terra sancta anno sequenti: qui fuit vicessimus annus rcgni regis Hcnrici seciiudi. The same in Engli>h. IN the y"r'- of our Lord 1 17'i was founded the abbey of Stanlaw by the lord lohn Lacy Consiabl" of Chester, & lord of Halton, who deceased in the Holy land the yere following; whi(h was in the twentieth yere of king Henry the .second. The voyage of William Mandcuile to lerusalem. William Mandcuile earle of Essex, with diners English lords and knights, went to the Holy land in the '24 yere of Henry the second. Holinshed pag. 101. 1177. English men were the guard o( the Emperours of Constantinople in the reigne of lohn the sonne v\' .\le\ius ("oinnenus. Malmesburiensis, Curopolata and Camden, ppg. 9(». lAin inde Anglia non minus belli glori.i, qiiam huinanitatis cuitu inter Florcntissimas nrbis ("liristiani gentcs inprimis floruit. Adeo \t ad custodiam corporis Constantinopo- litniiorum Imperatorum euocati fuerint Aiigli. loannes enim .\lexij Comneni filius, vt re- fer! noster Malmesburiensis, eorum lidem susjiiciens pnecipue famiJiaritati suae applicabat, amorem eorum hlio transcribens: Adeo vt iaiu inde longo tempore liierint imperatorum illoruin satellites, Inglini Hipennileri Nicetif ('hoiiial.T, Barangi Curopolat;e dicli. Qui vbiq; Im- [UTatorem prosequcbantur fercntes humeris secures, ipias tollebant, cum Imperator ex ora- tcirio s|)ecian(luni se exhibebat, .\nglicc viiam diuturnam secures suas coUidentes vt sonitum edcrent, comprecabanlur. The same in English. FRom this time forward the kiii<;dome of England was reputed amongsit the mo.st flourish- ing esiaics of Christendome, no lesse in chiualrie then huinanitie. So farforth that the En- i^Iish nun were sent for to be the uinrders of the persons of the Emperours of Constanti- nople. I'lir lohn the sonne of Alexius Comnemis, as our countreyman William of Malmes- burie repcirtitli, hjolily esteeming their fidelity, vsed them \ery nere about him, recom- mending them ciier to his sonne: so that long time alierwards the guard of those Emperours were English linMnTdicrs, ciiled bv Nicct.ns (.'lioniata, Inglini Bipenniferi, and bv Curopo- II 2 ' lata. :jh 4' A UA V 1( I' i \u^^- ss VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, JMamicl. :«* lata, Barangi, which alwayes accompanied the Kmpcrour with their halberds on their shoulders, which they held vp when the Emperoiir comming from his Oratorie shewed himselfe to the people; and dashins; their halberds together to make a terrible sound, they in the English tongue fviiihed vnto him long life. A great supply of money to the Holy land by Ilcnry the 2. THe same yeere King Henry the second being at Wallham, assigned an aide (o the maintenance of the Christian souldiers in the Holy lande, That is to wit, two and fortie thousand marks of siluer, and line hundred markes of golde. Nrntth, Pari;-, and Holens. pag. lOj. A letter written from Manuel the Empcrour of Constantinople, vnto Henrie the second King of England, Anno Dom. II77. wherein mention is made that rertaine of king Henries Noble men and ^■■bjecls were ])resent with the sayd Emperoiir in a iKittell of his against tht Soldan of Iconiiim. Hecorded liy Roger Houcden, in Annaliuin parte posteriorc. in regno Hen. 2, fol, .'Hti, \' ^{17. EOdcni anno Manuel Conslantinopoliianus ini|)erai()r, habito prielio can'pestri cum Spl- tano IconiJ i^- illo devi<'to, in hac I'orrna scripsit Domino regi Anglia\ Manuel in ("hrislo deo I'orphyrogenitu-i, diuiniliis roroMalu><, siiblimis, potcns, cxcclsU"'. semper Augustus, & moderator Honianorum, Coinnenus, Henrico noiiili>'.imo rcgi Aiigjia", charissiino aiiiico sui>, >;iUiicin \ oiniii' iioniini. Ciiin im|)eriiim nostrum nccc^sariuni re- pulct iiotilicare lil)i, \t ililcdo ainico suo, de oiiiiiilius (piu' sii bueniuni; iiiio iV- de liis qua- nunc aciideruni ei, opjioilununi iudicauit (icchir.irc tua^ \olunt.iti. iiiiiur a principio coronationis nomine imperiinn iio-lrum aduersus dei inimiccs Persas notruni odium in corde juitriuit, dum ccrncret illos in Ciiristianos gloriari, eleuari(|ue in nonien dei, iV; Chris- tianorum iloniinari rcsjioMilMi-;. (iuo circa ^- alio (juidem tempore indill'ercutcr iiuia>it cos, »!v prout deus ci concessit, sic iV fecit. Et jpi.c ab ip-;o irei|iicntcr patrai.i sunt ad contri- tioncm ipsorum i^ pcrditioucin, impcrium uostriun credit iiobilitatcin lu:iin lion latere. Quoniam autein &• nunc ina\inuim cxcrcitiiin contra cos ducere proposuil, \: bcllum contra oniiiem I'ersidcm moiicrc, (piia re* cogeb:it. Kt iioii \t voluif multinn alicpiem apparatiim fecit, sicut ei visum est. Veruiitunen prout lempus dabat iV.: rerum statu-, |)('ti'ntcr co-. inuasit. Collcgit ergo circa -c impcrium nostrum potciitia^i siias ; sed (piia carpcuta diu c- bat armonun, & niachiii.irum, i^i .iliiiruin instriimcniirum conl'erenlium < iiiitaium expugna- lionibu-i, poiidcra |)ortantia: i(l( irco nc(|uaquam ciun I'c^tiMaiioiie iter suinn agore potent. Amplius autcm di'in adhiic propriain regionem penigraret, antecpiam b.irl)arorum ali(|iii-( ad- uersus uos militarct in bellis aduersarius, .egritudo dilliiillima fiuxus \eniris invasit nos, ip i ditl'usus per agmiua imperij nosiri j>erlransil)al, depopiilando <.V iiiteriineiido multos, oiniii pugnatore grauior. Kt hoc malii inualescens inaxime nos tontriuit. V.\ t sero \bi ei qui illic adjacet aiigusti;e loci, qua' a I'trsis nominatur Cibrilcimam, propinquauimu-, tot Per>iaruni turma- pcdiluin iSi e(|iiitiini, iiuorum pl»ia(|ue ab intcrioribus partibus l»(rsi(lis occurrcranl in adiutorium conlnliuliiiin suorum, ixcn itui no.siro superueneriint, (plot peiu"" no-itrorum exccdercnt nuincrum lAcrcitu itaque iinpeiij nostri propter vi;e oiniiino aiigiistiain iV diflii iilt.item, v-q ; ad dec em niilliaria extenso ; iV I iim neqtie cpii pr.eibant posseni |)o-.treiniis dcfcndcre, necpie \er-a vice rui>u> posireuii pii>*-(Mit pnreuntes iiiiiare, non mediocriter ab iniiiccm lio>i dist.uv ac i idii. Sane |)riiiia' co- bortes per r.ultum ab a( ie imperij nosiri diuidcbantiir, p wtrcmariim oblita', illas no'i pni'- «tolaniev Quoniam igiiur 'riircnruni aninina ex iam I'.ii li- pr.elijs cognouerant, non con- ferre sihi a tronie nobis repugnare, lo( i angu-tiain boniiin Mibucntorein tuin inuenisseiit, posteriori statiienint iiuiadcre a'.;mi!.a, quod \- I'lci'miit. .\rcti-sinio igitiir \bi(pie hu o cx- il Anj;lia-, ['f>sariiiin re- Ik) iV de hi-* r a priiicipiii iiiin ill conic ■i, iV Chris- r iiiiiaMt ens, ml ad iiititii- noii latere. )cliiini I'onira 1) apparaliin) pi'ti-nttT <-os rpiiita diue- iin e\piii;na- 1,'ore poterat. m aii(|tii> ,1(1- lasjt no--, qi i multos, oiniii ;r(') fines Tiir- iiiTnriini rntn tris in fuijam iis iKuninatur ini |)itiii((iu' nil, cNcrciini :ique iinpeiii eMenso ; iV >ns posirenii le prima' co- las iio'i prif- it, noi) con- iniienissent, c|iie lo( o «\- ites, iV tela super Manuel. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. super nos quasi iinbres de.scendentia interimebant viros & equos complures. Ad htec itaqiie iniperiuni nostril vbi inahim superabundabat, reputans secuin oportunu iudicabat retr6 ex- pc-ctare, atque illos qui iliic erant adiuuarc, expectando vtiqui! contra inlinita ilia Persarum aginina helium sustinuit. Quanta quidem, dutn ab his circundaretur, patrauerlt, non opus est ad tcnipus sermonibus pcrte,\crc, ab illiH autein qui intcrfiierunt, forsitan discet de his tua nobilitas. Inter hcec autein cxistente imperio nostro, & onine belli grauamen in tan- turn .sustincnte, postremie cohortes vniuerste Grn-cornm & Latinorum, k. reliquoruin om- nium generum conplobatir, qiitc iaciebaniur ab inimicis tela non sustinentes, impactione vluiitur, & ita \ioIcnt6r Tcrebantur, dum ad adiaeentcm ibi collcm quasi ad propugnaculum festinarent; scd prccedentes impellunt nolentcs. Multo aiitem eleuato puluerc, ac pertiir- bante oculos, & iieniinem permiftente videre qua; circa pedes erant, in priccipitium quod aderat j)rofiiiidissini;c vallis alius super alium homines & equi sic incontinenti; portati corrueiiint, (]uod alij alios conculcantes ab inuiccin inferemerunt non ex gregarijs tantum, srd ex tiarissiinis iV iiiiimis iiostris consanguineis. Ciuis enim inhibere poterat tantae mul- titiidinis iinporlabilem inipulsum? -At ver6 imperium nostrum tot & tantis confcrtum bai- baris saucians, sauciati'iinquc, adeo vt non modicam in cos moucret perturbationem, obsfu- pentcs perseuerant iain ipsiiis, & non remittebatur, beni; iuuante deo, campuin obtinuit. Ncqiie locum ilium scaiiderc acluersarios permisit, in quo dimicauit cum barbaris. Nee qui- dem e(|iiuni suum illoruin tiniore incilauit, celcriiis alitpiando ponerc vestigia. Scd congre- gaiido omnia agmiiia sua, iSj dc morte eripiendo ea, collorauit circa se: & sic priinos attigit, c^' (irdiiiatiin prolirisceiis ad exoititus siios acccssit. Ex tunc igitur videiis Soltanus, quod pusl laiila i|iiii' accidtraiit excri itibus nostris, iniperiuni nostrum, sicuf oportunuin erat, rem liuiii>ni('ili dispeiHaiiit, \t ii)>.uin nir>^i\m inuaderet: mittens suj)plicauit imperio nostro, & depreiatorijs vsus est serinoiiihus, iS: requi-a animali.i no-itra irruente ill ilia dinii'illima ;egritiidine laborabant, suscepit Soltani depnT( aiionem & la'dcrj iV iurameiita ptracta sul) \e\illis nostri'^, I'x: pacem suam ei dedit. Iiide ingressum iinin'riiiiii nostrum iii regionem suam regreditur, triliulationem habens non mediociem super his quos perdidit con-anguiiieis, niaximas tamen Deo gratias ageiis, qui per suam bonitatem iSc iiiiiu- Ipsum hoiiorauit . (Jiatiim autein habuimu-:, (|Uck1 (|uosdaiii nobiiitaiis tua; principes arcidii intcresse nobisnim, (pii narralnit de (I'liiiibiis qiiie airiderant, tuie voluntati serieni. ('.■eiirum autem, licet taii simus |)ro|)iir illos (pii ceciderunt: oportunuin tamen duxi- iiiiis, (le omnibus ipi.e accideraiil, declarare tihi, vt diiecto amiro nostro, tS( m pernuiltum coniuncio imperio nosrro, per pucrorum noslroruiii iiilimam consanguiuitatein. Vale. Dnt.i mense Nonembri.", imlictione tertia. The same in Ijiglish. IN liie yeere 1177, Maiutl the einpcrour of (■oiisiaiiliiiople hauiiig fought a field with the SoKhni of Iconiimi, a.ul xaiKpiislied jiini, wmie \ iiio lleiirv the second king of England in iiKMKT following. .Manuel ('cuiiiieniis in ChriM the euerliuing (i( d a faithful empennir, descended of the li- nage of P.Tphyrie, ( rowned bv (Jodsgnice, high, pui-sanl, mighlv, alwaves must souereigne, .iiid g.mernour nf the I' -laiis; mh,, Hciirv the most famous king of England, his most deare friend, giceling and all good successe. Whereas our imperiall highnesse ihiiiketh it expe- (bent 1(1 aduertise yon our welheloued friend of all our afljires; We tiioiight it not .wiisse to sigiiilie viilo your royall Maiesti( < ertaine exploits at this present atchicued bv vs. From the be;;inning theicfnre of ciur iiiaiiguiation i iir imperiall liighius halh mainteined most deadly lidd and hosiiliiy against (Axis enemies the Persians, seeing tl-.ein so lo triumph oner t'hris- II.II1S, (o exalt thcsehies against (lie Name of (o.d, aiul to \siirpe ouer Christian .kingdomes. I'uv 53 M 1 <'i I m- 84 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Manuei. For which cause our imperial highncsse hath in some sort encountered them heretofore, and did as it pleased God to jriuc vs grace. And we suppose that your >faicstie is not igno- rant, what our iinperiall highnesse hath often performed for their mine and subuersion. For enen now, being vrgcd thereunto, we haue determined to leade a mighty army against them, and to wage warre against all Persia. And albeit our forces be not so great as we could wisii they were, yet haue we according to the time, and the present state of things, strongly in- iiadcd them. Wherefore our Maicstic impcriall hath gathered our armies together: but be- cause we had in our army sundry carts laden with armour, engines, & other instruments for the assault of cities, to an exceeding weight we conld not make any great speed in our iourney. Moreouer while our imperiall highnesse was yet marching in ourowne dominions, before any barbarous enemy had fought against vs; our people were visited with the most grieuous dis- ease of the fluxe, which being dispersed in our troups destroyed and slew great numbers, more then the sword of the enemy would haue done. Which niischicfe so prcuailiug, did woondcrfiilly abate our forces. But after we had inuaJcd the Turkish frontiers, we had at the lirst very often and hot skirmishes, and the Turks came swarming to light against our impe- riall troups. Howbeit by Gods assistance those miscreants were altogether scattered and put to flight by our souldiers. Hut as we ap|)roched vnto that strait passage which is called by the Persians Cibrilcimam, so many haiuls of Persian footemen and horsemen (most whereof came from the innermost jiarts of Persia, to succour Ihfir Allies) cncounlreil our armv, as were al- most su|)eriour vnto vs in lunnbcr. Wherefore the army of our Imperiall higlmessr, bv rea- son of the siriighlne-ise and dilficullie of the way, being stretched ten miles in length; and the first not being able to helpe the List, nor yet contrary wise the last to rescue the first, it came to passe that they were very farre distant asunder. And in very deed the foremost troupes were much separated from the gir.nd of our imperiall person, who forgeiting their I'ellowes behind, would not stav anv whit lor them. Because llierei'ore the Tuikish hands knew foil well bv their fi'rfucr conflicts thai it was bootlesse for them to assnilc the furelVnni of our batlell, ;mil perceiuing the iiarownesse of the ])Iace to be a ^real aduanlai^e, tliev deter- mined to set \ |)on our rerewanl, and did so. Wherefore our passiigi- being very straight, and the infidels assavling vs vjion the right haiul and vpon the left, and on all sides, and dischar- ging their wia|)')ns as thicke as hailesionrs against vs, slew tliuers nf our men and horses. Hereupon, the shmghter of ur our bands in the rercw;inl, and so r\|K(ting them we sus- tained ihe lien e eiudunler of main thousand Persians. What exploits our Imperiall person at- chieued in the same skirmish, 1 h.ild it needlesse ;it this lime to recount: \our in:uesfie m.iv peih.ips vnderstand more of this mailer bv them which were there present. Howbeit our Iiii- pciiall highnessf beinu in the niidde^l of this (ontlict, and enduring the li;;hl with so great (lanH;er, all oui hindermosi troups, bolh (irrekes. I.ntines, ;i:ul oilier nations, retiring ihem- seliies close together, and not lieing alile to suiU-r the vi( lence of their enemies weapons, ])res.i'd on so hard, and were caried \\\\\\ siu h manie force, thai hastening to ascend ihe ne\t lull for their beller s.il'ei;aril, ihev \r;;i(l o'l them wiii( h weiil belore, whether ihev vvoulil or CO. Whereupon, much dust bi ins raised, whitli stopped our eves and \tlerlv ilenriued vs of :hi. >pe( and our nic and horses prc>siii<^ 50 sore one vpon the necke of another, phuiged ihei selucs on llie sudden into such a stccjje and daiii^erous \:ille\, that treading one vjioii anolher, Ihev (pie ii'iiir,d)l<' .■lied f<: pei> o death iiol one Iv a p.iuliilude of llie r ommoii souldiours. bill d lucrs mos t ho- i's: >f some oi (ur neere kit iien. Tor who could rcMraine the irresist- ible throng of so huge a multitude.^ Howbeit our laiperiall highnesse being enuiroiied with siK h sw.irmes of Infidels, and <;iuin^; and receiuing wounds (insomuch that llu' ini«( reants were ^reatlv i li«mai d at oiir coiisi.incie ) weg.iue not oucr, but bv (Jods assisiaiu e wonnc the field. Neither did we perinii il he enemie to asceiul vnio th.it pla ue, from whence we skirmishcil with him. Nciltier vet spurred wee on our hor-e anv f.ister for all their assaults. Hut marshalling all our troupes lo^ether, au.i deliueiini; them out of d.iii!;er, we disposed them ahoiit our Imperial [)ers(.n; :iiui sr) wi- ouertooke the foremost, and m.inhed in good order with our \>liolc arinv, Nowe the b-ddaii perteiuing that not\\ithstanding the u'rcat damage^ which we h'(l sust. lined, our liiiperi.il 4 I id Manuel. (toforc, and a not igno- jrsion. For gainst tlioin, [• could wisl» troiigly ill- cr: but bc- icnts Cor the lur iourncy. , Ijclorc any ;riciious dis- ':it ntiinbcrs, nailing, di(l ve had at the it otir irnpe- d and put to died by the luTcnC came , as wcTO al- 'ssc, by rca- l<'ii;;lli; and first, it came nost troupe-* u-ir I'cllowc-i Is knew rill! front of our tliey deter- itraiglit, and and discliar- and horses, eenied it re- lieni we sus- ill person at- i-iiesfie may l)eii our Im- ■ ilh so great tiring llirin- cs weapons, r-nd the next e\ would or •Jiriued vs of inged ihem- pon another, Ts most ho- the irrc>iv|. lironed with rreanis were nc the field, misjicd with irsliallingnll I'ur Imperial uliolc armv. istaineil.oiir Inipcri.il K. Ric. the\. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S, 55 Tht citif of Ito- Ilium intended to hiuif bene be- sieged. Certaine noble- men of the kiu| of England \fere with the Empe- ror in hit battetl .i(;ainit the Sot- Jjii of Iconium. Imperial highnes prouided to glue him a fresh encounter, humbly submitting himselfe vnto vsi and vsing. submissive speaches, made suite to haue peace at our hands, and promised to fulfill the pleasure of our maiestic Imperiall, to doc vs seruice against all conimcrs, to release all our subiecis which were raptiucs in his rcalmc, and to rest wholy at our commaund. Here there- fore we remained two day cs with great authoritie; and considering that wee could attempt nought against the titic of Iconinm, hauing lost all our warrelike engines both for defence and for batlcric, for that the oxen which drew them were slainc with the enemies weapons, falling as thicke as hailcstoncs: and also for because all our beasts in a maner were most gric- uously diseased; our maiesiic Imperial accepted of the Soldans petition, league, and oath being made and taken vndcr our ensignes, and granted our peace vnto him. Then returned we into our owne dominions, being greatly gricued for the losse of our deerc kinsmen, and yeelding vnto God most humble thanks, who of his goodnesse had eucn now giucn vs the victory. Wc arc right glad likewise that some of your maicstics princes and nobles accom- panied vs in this action, who are able to report vnto you all things which haue happened. And albeit wc were exceedingly gricued for the losse of our people ; yet thought it we expe- dient to signilie vnto you the succcsse of our affaires, as vnto our wclbcloued friend, & one who is \erv neerly allied vnto our highnesse Imperial, by reason of the consanguitie of our children. Farewell. Ciiuen in the moneth of Nouembcr, and vpon the tenth Indiction. The woorthv voiage of Kit hard the first, K. of England into .Asia, for the reroucrie of lerusalcin out of the hands of the Saracens, drawen out of the booke of Act« and Mominicnts of the (Church of England, written by M. lohii Foxe. King liiiliard the first of that name, for his great \alure surnamed Ceiirdc Lion, the sonne tif Ilenry the .■■ccoiul, alter the death of his father remcmbring the rebellions that he liatl \ii- diiiifiilly raised against him, sought lor absolution of his trespasse, and in part of satisfaction lor till' same, agreed with Philip the French king to take his voiage with him for the reeouerie of C'lUistes palrimonie, which they called the Holy land, whereupon the sayd king liichard immediately after his Coronation, to prepare himselfe the belter towards his iourncy, vsed iliuers meanes to take vp snmmes of money, and exacted a tenth of the whole Kcalme, the Ciiristians to make three score and ten thousand pounds, and the lewes which then dwelt in the Ke.dnie threescore thousand. Hailing thus gotten SLflicienl money for the exploile, he sent certaine Earles and Barons to Philip the Frencli king in the lime of his Parliament at S. Denis, to put him in mind of his pfo!iii-e made for ilie ret tiucrie of Clirisis holy palrimonie out of the Saracens hands : To whom he sent againe in the moneth of December, that he had bounil himselfe by solcmne oilii', depo>ing \ poll the Eiiangrlists, that he the yeerc next following, about the time of ICasicr, had terLiiiily preli\id to addresse hims«'lfe toward that iourncy, requiring him like- wise not to faile, hut lo bee ready at the terme aboiie limited, appointing also the place where I) ill the Kings should meele together. In the ycere thcrfore l!!W). King Kiihard hauing committed the goiiernmcnt of this realiiu' in his abseiue ti> the bi^hoj) of Ely then Chancellor of England, aduantcd forward his ioiiriiey, and tame to Tiiron to meet with Philip the Freiu h king, & after that went lo ViiTcliac, where the Freiu h king it he ioyiiing together, for the more continuance of their ioiirnev, assured tlieinseiiies by solemne othe, swearing fidelilie one lo the oilier: the forme of whose oth was this ■f hat citi\er of tlicm should defend and maintaine the honour of the other, and beare true ^ rhenh ci fidiliiie vnto him, of life, meiidiers & worldly honor, and that neillier of them should w-^i'ie brt* -t faile one the other in their adaires : but the French King should aide the King of Eng- .njufe'i'lr! j, land in defending his lad and dominions, as he would himselfe defend his owne Citic of "^'s Paris if it were liesieged : and that Hiciianl king of England likewise should aide the iTcnch kini; in defending his land and Dominions, no otherwise then he would defend his own Cilie of IJoan if il were besieged, \:c. Concerning M iM tV i; i; p» '■ ■ I 1 I * :\ M ThuJiifipline and orderi o( rht Kinr. VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, A'. Kic. Un I. ' Concerning the lawes and ordinances appointed by K. Iticliard for his Nauic, the forme thereof was this. I. That who so killed any person on shipboord, should be tied with him that was slaine, and throwen into the sea. 3. And if he killed him on the land, he should in like manner be tied with the partic slaine, and be buried with him in the earth. 3, lie that shalbc conuirted by lawfull witnes to draw out his knife or weapon to the in- tent to strike any man, or that hath striken any to the drawin}? of blood, shall loose his hand. 4. Also he that striketh any person with his hand without ciVusion of bloud, shall be plunged three times in the sea. :i. Itenj, who so speaketh any opprobrious or contumelious worcles in reuilinj; or cursinn; one another, for so oftentimes .is he hath reuiled, shall pay so many oinices of siluer. 6. Item, a ihicfe or felon that hath stollcii being lawfully couicted, shall haue his head shorne, and boyling pitch powred vpon his head, and feathers or downe strawed vpon tlu- same, whereby he may be knowen, and so at the first lamling place they shall come to, there to be cast v|). These things thus ordered, king Richard sending his Nauie by the Spani-h seas, and by the sirciglits of (Jibrallar, betweene Spaine and Africa, to ineete him :it Marsilia, hec hini- selfe went as is said to Vizcliac to the rrcncli king. Which two kiniis from thence went lo Lions, where the bridge ouer the (lood Uhodanus with prcis-^c of ])ciipU- brake, and main both men and women were dmwned : by occasion whereof the two kings for the combrance of their traines, were constrained to disseuer tiieniselues for lime of their ioiirnev, appoint- ing I)oth to meet together in .Sicily : and so I'hilip the French king lookc hi* way to (ieim.T. and king Kichnrd to Marsilia, where he remained 8. davcs, appointing thert his Naiiic to mcete him. I'rom thence crossing oner to(ienua where the l'ren( ii king wa<, he pished \'or- ward by the < (lasts of Italy, and enlred into Tiber ix't larre from Itomc King Richard sta\ ing in Marsilia 8. da\cs for his Nanie which came not, he tlure hired '^0. (Jaliies, and ten great barkcs to >hip ouer his men, and «o came to Naples, and so partly bv horse and wagon, and partly by the se.i, paoing to ralernuni, came to Calabria, where after that he had heard that his -.liiijs were arrined at Mess.ma in .Sic die, he made llif more speed, anil so the ■-','{. ol Scplcndn'r entred Messana with snili a noysc of frmnpets and Slialmes, with such a root and shew, that it was to the ureat wondernu-nt and terror l)otli of the Frenchmen, and of all other that did heare and behold the sij:lit. To the Slid towne of Mess;iii:i tlie I'rench king was come before the l(> of ihi- same inonctit of September, and had taken \p the pallace of Tancredus king of Sirilv for his lodgnij, ' to whom king Kichard after his arriiiall cdtsoones re>orted, and when the two kings had c( tn- nnincd together, immediaicK the French kini; looke shipping and enlred the seas, thinking to sailc towards the land of lern«alem : but after he was out of the liauen, the winde rising c oritrary ag;iinst him, retnrned him l.m ke againe to Mes-iana. 'flien king Richard (whose l"(lging wa- prepari'il in the snhurbs uithont the Citie) after he had resorted againe .nul talked Hith the Freiii h king, and aUi li.MUent to T.incredtis kinij of Si( il\ . f. r deliiierance of loane his si«ter ; \slio had beene soinlinics (Jiipcne ol Sii ily ) and had obt.Tincd her to be sent \nto him, the last day of September ])a'se:in.i sceijig that the king of F.ngland had wonne the ca>lle .ind Island de la R.iguiire. and also the Moiiasleric of the (irilVons, and doubting least the king would extend his power further to iniiade their Citie, iK; get if he coidd tlie whole Isle of Sicilie, (jei;an to siirre against the Kings armie, and to shut the I'ngli.-limcn out of the gates, ;ind kept I . Ric. tin- 1 . , the forme t was slaiiio, :h the partic II to the in- DKC his haiul. >u(l, shall be ;; or cursinp; illUT. lie his head cd v|)on the line to, there seas, and l)v lia, hee him- eiue went In e, and many e rombrame ley, a|)|)i>int- IV to (ictnia. his Nauic to 11' |).is-.cd lor- lot, he lIuTe aplrs, and sn to Caialiria, he made llu* of Trunipels d terror lioih ".anie tnoiicth ^ lodijmj, ' lo ii<;s havl <('iii- ■eas, iliiiikini; ■ winde ri-int; chard ( v, hose ine and talked aiue of loaiie sent \nto him, a siron<; hold I ijarrison, he III CiriU'onuiii, ■oin whence \ <, \viiicli caiiie tie and NIand le kinu; would ste of Sicilic, liic j^ates, aiicer,e king Richard and Tancred king of Sicily aCi'resaide, with ( ondilioiis, that the daughter of Taiurede in case king Richard should die withuiil issue, should lie married to .Arthur Duke of Uiitaiiie the kings Nephew and next heire to his crowne, whereof a fonnall charle was draweii, ind letters sent thereof to Pope Clement being dated the ninth of N'ouember. Vmm thiH time viitill Feliruarie the next yeere these two kings kept still at .Messana, either for l.u ke of wiiide and weather, or for the repairing of their shippes. .And in the aforesavdc Fc- bruarie, in the veere 1191. King Richard sent oner his gallies to Naples, there to nieetc his mother Ivlinore, and Hereiigaria the daughter of Zanctius king of Nauarre, whom he was pur- posed (o inarrv, who by that time were come to liruiulusiuin, viider the conduct of Philip E.irle of Flanders, and so proceeding vnto Naples, they found the kings shippes wherein they .lavled to Messana. In this meane space, king Richard shewed himsellc exceeding bounteous and liberall to all men : to the French king (irst he gaue diuers shippes, vpon others likewi.se he bestowed riche rewardes, and of his treasure and goods he destributed largely to his souldiers and seruants vol. II I about It" i J, i s f ' * f , n h I [i ■ .'I. ' 58 VOYAOFS, NAUIC5ATI0NS, A' li/rh. I about him, of whom it \v:is reported, th.it he distrihiiled more in one nionclh, then any of his predcressors did in a whole yccre; by reason whereof he purchased >.^reai loue and fa- iiour, which not onely redounded to the aduancement of his fame, but alio to his dingiilar vsc and profile, as liie nequele afterward prooued. The (irs| day of Mareh followin)!;, he left the citic of Messaiia, where the French Kinjr was, and went to Calhiieia, a eitic where fnncredus king of Sicily then lay, where he was honor- ably receiucd, and there remained with kini; Tancredu- three dayes and three ni;;hts. On the fourth day wiien he simuld depart, liie af>hls. On if h prcspnM othiim, but nr vtiio him icrcti Would rs, and fur- lurucy, to a "I vnto liiiu ukr of Hur- ic Tra) tour, rctUw Would would a«'*ist ij; prolrstcd !• I)cv;uii 1)C- hi'Icciic that would \ttci ic li'ltcr-i o( lliaf if fhr trii' it with litllo \|)on I, the IVench it ni<;ht, and ••hrwpd any IVench kinjj ord w.i-. scut I sent to the rote hy the ood. first he At length Tteiiding as le he Cortre*! 1 marry with Would ■><> do, .111 enenn to iiman, for-io- : I'lT prooFe e kin^s Hire. kin«>, ai,'ree- lonil of niar- yecre Cor the , not !;reallv "i day of the savd A Hklt. I. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIKS. b9 wyd iniinclh (if Marcii, the French kinjj; lanching "uf of the haiien of Meisaiia, the 2a, day alter in ihc Lnstcr weekc, came with his armic to the sicjjc of Achon. After the departure of the French kiiiji from Messaua, kiiiK Itidiard with his .irmle yet rcmaininj; behimle, arriued Qucenc Alinor the kin>{s mother, briiiKinn with her Herenj,'aHa the kinj{ of Nauar'* daughter, to be ri<|ioused to kinjj Richard; which beiuf; done, king Hi- chard in April lollowiu);, about the !20 day of the sayd inoneth, departed front the haiien of Messaua with 150 great ships, and bl great gallics widl manned and appointed, and looke '['',,•, 'J^"^j',°j, his iourncy toward Achon: who being vpou tlie Seas on Ciood friday about the nintii houre, '"'' rose a luightv South winde with a tempest, which disseuered and scattered all his Nauie, some to one place, and some to nnolher. The king with a few ships was driucn to the He of Crela, and there before the hauen of Rhodes cast anker, The hips that caried the kings sister, queene of Si( ily, und Uercngaria the king of Nauars daut 'Her, with two ships were driuen to the lie of Cy|)rus, The king making great mone for the ships of his sister, and Rercngaria his wife that should be, not knowing where ihcy were become, .tfter the tempest was oiierblowen, sent forth liis gallies diligeiilly to sceke the rest of his Nauie dispersed, l)ut especially the shippe wherein his sister was, and the maiden whom he shoidd marry, who at length were found safe and merry at the port of Lyms/.em in the lie of ("vi)rus, norwithslanding the two other ships, svhi( h were in liieir C(mi|)any before in the same hauen, were drowned with diners of the kings seruanis and men of worshi|>, among whom was M. Roger, called Mains Catnliis, the kings Vicechantellour, who was foinul with the kings sealc hangim; about his iiecke. The king of Cyprus was iheii Isakius (called also the Kmpevour of the (iryflons) who tooke and iniprisoned all Ivnglishinen, which by shipwracke were cast vpon his laud, also inuegleil into his hands the goods and prises of them which were found drowned al)out his coastes, neither woiilil suller the siiips wherein the two ladies were to enter within the port. I'he tidings ul tlii being brought to king Richard, he in great wrath gathering his galliei* and ships together, boonleth the l.ind of Cyprus, where he lirst in gentle wise signilieth to kin-: Isakiiis, how he with his Kui;lish men, idinining a> strangers to the supporiatioii of the holy land, were bv dislresse of weather driuen vpon his bounds, and therefore with all hum- ble petition licsoiight him in (iods behalfe, and lor reuerence of the liolv crosse, to let go sncli prisDiicrs of his as he bad in captiuiiic. and to restore agalne the goods of them tiial were drowned, which he deteined in his h.mds, to be employed for the behoofe of theii snules. .And this the king once, twise, and iluise desired of the I'imperour: but he proudly ,inswering agaiiie, sent the king word, thai lie neither would let the captines gu, nor render ihe goods of ihcm wliich were drowned. When king l!i( hard heard this, how light the l.mperour Isakiiis made of his so luinible and honest petition, \: how that nothing ( oiild be gotten witlioiit violent force, eftsoones giueth rommandemeiit ihi.rownut .ill his hoste to put iheniscliies in armour and follow him, to re- iienge the iiiiiiries receiued of that proud :iiul i ruell kini; of Cyprus, willing them to |iui their trust in (iocl, and not l7 king Kk hard. King RiihiiJ alliurd it Achon. The dav after the vicfory Kotten, loann;« the K'wn* nitter, and IWrcnjiarin tlic tnayden.on- irrd the Porft; andTowncol LymMZcm, vvith M. ureal xhip*, and 14. ^alliols ; -o ttiat all the whole Naiiie •here niertinj; tojjcthcr, were !il>4. tall nhippe^, and ahiiiu- llircesrore nallioiM, Then Isakius the Kmporonr, neein;? no way for him to escape by Sea, the Mine ni^ht pitched hit* tentes Hue mileH oil' from the I'lnKli^^h arms, Nwearin)! that the ihini day al'ier, he wotild surely uiue battell to kin^ Hichnrd : hut he preuentiu); him before, suddenly the lanie morn- ing before the day of battell should be, setteth vpon the tenle>t of the Gryiliinx early in the morniuK, they being vnawares and asjeepe, and n)ade of them a ureat <, he of ii liiousaiul ir Ha;,'i;r with "rtiiiiif b.irri'U hard nt Iciii'th u" nidst wfrr rlioii. as it was ; tin- liiiiv Achoii, wliidi iii^ it was iKii I towers oiuT- liT llic ( iiic Id \w said ( i(y df ;f thrreof vscd biU wriitoii in V to tiiiK-, the should worko, ilij, iS: Spiritiw r proceedings: luii 1 i ii ' K. Rtc. I. rHAI'FIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 01 but thin wan a Rreat hcauinei4 vnt" them, that neither he would vlter his name, nor when the eitic wa* H"t did thev eiier vndenttand who lie wati. To make of a long sieije a short narration. Vpon the twelfth day of Inly thr yeere aforeMid, (he Prince* and Captained of the ranans, vpon agreement rettorted to the tent of the Templa- ries to rommunc with the two kinj^s touching peace, and giuing \p of their citie ; the forme (if which peace wa« thus. I That ilic Kiiii's Nliould hauc the citic of Achon freely and fully deliuered vnio them, Ti" ''rmt «» ..,,,.,'■',■ ptK. cuiirlu. With all which was (herein. dtii hxwrfnt S Thai .itK). captiuei' of the Chriittian* should be restored to thom, which were in .\choii. |]jj ^'"«'*"J ',i That the holy crossc should be to tliein reiulred, an<.U. iiioiisand Chri'tian captiucs with Alhuo""' twohuiidreth horsemen, whosoeuer they themselucs would chose out of all them which were in the power of the Saladine 4 That they would giue \iilo the Kings two hundreth thousand Bysanls, ho that they thciii- seliics should reniaiiie as pjedj^es in the kings hands, for the performance hereof, that if in Corlie daies, the albresaycl i nuenaiits were not accomplished, tliey tthould abide the King* . nic|'i»' touching life and liinnie. * Tlu-e couenanls being agreed vpim, the Kings sent their souldiers and seruants into the ci- tie. to take a hundreth of the richest A: best of the city, to close them vp in towers vndcr strong keeping, iV the residue tluv conimiltcd to be kepi in houses and in slrcotes, ininistriiij^ viiin them according to their iiece-isities: to whom notwith tanding this they prcmitfed, that so maiiv of them as would be bapti/.ed and receiiie the f.iith of Christ, should be free to goe whither they would; wherupon inanv there were of the I'ag.ins, which lor fearc of death preieiuleil lo be b.ipti/ed, but afterward sosoone as they could, reuolted againe tothe Saladine: for the which it was afterward coinmanded by the Kings, that none of them should be bap- ti/.ed against their wils. The thirteenth day of the»aid monclh of luly, King Philip of France, and king Richard, alter they had obteined the possession of Ac hon, deiiided betweene them all things therein ronteined as well the people as guide aud sijuer, with all other furniture whatsoeuer was re- maining in the citie : who in deuidiiig the spoyle, were so good earners to theinseliies that the Knights and Harons had but litle to their share, whereupon they began to sflew thenisehieit Moinewhai discontented, which being knowen of the kings, they sent them answere that their wils should be satisfied The twentieth (lav (d' Iiilv, kiiiu Kichard speaking with tlie French King, desired him that lhe\ two with their arinics, would bnide iheinsehic- by othe lo remainc there stil in the land of Icrusalem the space ol' '•{. \ ceres, lur the wi lining and recoueriiig againe of those couiitrevs: but he sayd he would swc.iie no such othe, and so the next d.iy alter king Hichard with his wife and sister entred into llu- ( itie of .\choii, and there placed himselfe in tlie kings pallace: The Freiidi kin;; reiii.i\ nin^ in the houses of the feniplaries, where he continued till the end of llial moni'th. About the beginniiiK of the nioneth ol August, Pliilip the French king after that he and King Hichard had made agreement betweene (luido iV Conradiis the Marques, about the king- dome of leriisaleiii, went from .\clion toTvrus, notwith-^ianding king Richard & all the Princes of the Christian ariiiie with gnat intreaiic desired him to tary, shewing what a shame it were for him to come so larre, and now to leaue viulone that for which he came, and on the .'{. d.iy of .\ugusi departed from T\ rus, leaning the lialle |iart of the Citie of Achon, in the hands of the aforesayd Conradus Manpies Alter his de|iarlure the Pagans ril'iwed to keepe their couenants made, who neither would Thr Prcich restore the holy Crohse nor the monev. nor their captiues, sending word to king Richard, that {f|"|'' •''•'""• if he beheaded the pledges lelt with hi n at Achon, they would ehoppe oH'ihe heads of such humr. captiues of the Christians, as were in their hands. Shortly after this the Sal.idiiie sending great gifts to king Richard, requested the time li- mited for beheading of the captiues to be proroged. lint the king refused to take his gifts, and to graunt his reque>t, whereupon the Saladine cau»ed all the Christian captiues within his po.sses.sion ■i.ll V*>v . rt 1 ij %>. h •'■ r..t I, I);- i '% ■ riip iMptiuts oltlip Sara- cciis sUine l>y King RichaiJ. A iK>table vic- one agiinsc Ring Ricnird in poise»iion c' Syria. 119:^. Kirp Richard fft.jrncth ficm VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, K. Ric. the I posscs.-iion forthwith to be beheaded, which was the 28. orAiigusi: which albeit king Richard vndcrstood, yet would not he preuent the time before limitted for the execution of his pri- soners, being the 20. day of August ; vj)on which day he cau.sed the prisoners of the Saracent* openly in the sight of the Saladincs arniie to loose their heads : tlie number of whom came to uvo thousand and (iue hundrelh, .sane onely that ccrlaine of the principal of them he re- scrucd for purposes and considerations, especially to make exchange for the holy Cro.sse, and certaine other of the Christian captiues. After this king Richard purposed to !)e them by Faster next. Many other famous acts were done in this voyage by these two Kings, and moc should hnue bene, had not they falling into disrordc disscMUTcd tiuMnselucs, bv reason whereof Philip tiic Frencli knig returned home againe within >h(irt sji.k c: \vho i)cing returned againe cftsoone> inuaded the countrev of Normandy, exciting aI>o hilin the bmiluT of king Richard, to take on him the kingdoine of Englande in lii-i brothers absence: wlin then made league vpon the same with the French king, and did Immago \ iiio liiin, whii h was about the fourth yeere of king RicharJ. V'ho then being in S\ri.i, and hearing thereof, made peay betweene of his Sara- in the same put to flight, f his Noblc-i ch confusion conflict wan calon, where e kings com- wliolc land leither durst leuances tlie bbot of Clara re againc Id I moe should icrcof Phili|> iiic cftsoonts hard, to take ;ue vpon the irth yeere of h the Turkes ituriud also, towne called Id the ICmpe- ) the French iking of peiiali amici.' 1. Uuoiiiani , (If \ niuersis aucrit iV e.\- nperij nos|ri, IS rcuersurys, riap ad locMni franiuin cum illius, audit. I |)ro/iiissionis I, intciuleMie«i U's: I'ostmo- I'risorum, \l)i In sex niilirc .If K.Jiicl. TRAFFIQliES, AND DISCOUERIES. 63 de snis coepit : Diiectus autcm Consangiiinens noster Lym|)oldus Dux Austriae, obseruata strata sasp^, dictum Regem iuxta Denam in villa viciniori in domo dcspecta captiuauit. Cum itiiq; in nostra nunc habcatur Poicstale, & ipse semper tua molestauit, & turbationis operam pracstiterit, ea were taken, which was about the lift vecrc of his reigne : and then it was obtcined of the Pope, tliat I'ricstes migiit celt brate with Chaiicc-. df l;iitcn and linne. At what lime this afnresaide inoiiex \va'» pa\df, -muI tlic ho-iages ginen for tne ransonieof i!ie Kiii;;, I liaue an oide historic which >aith, ih.it the aforesaid Dukeof ■\iistridge was shortly .liter |)l, lulled by (icul, with ."). siindrv plagues, I'ii«l, with ihe burning of his cjiicl'e Tuwiies. 'i. With ilrouniiiL; lA tcnne tlious.md of hi- men in a (lood happening no man t; ii tell how. .'{. l'>\ turning all llic cares of his i orne licKlcs into wcrmc-., 4. By taking away almost all ihe Nobles of his Iniul bv death. .') By breaking his dune leg filling from hi- horse, which leg he was compelled to cut ofl' >viih his owiie h.mds, ;iiul afterwards died of the ,-aine: who then at hi> dcalli is reported lo I'orgiiic K Ricli.ird .itdMK) mirks, ;iiid sent home the ho-la^es that were with him And i'ur- tlicr a I iMlaine luokc inlitnled I'.iilogiiim deciarelh, that the savd I.impoldiisdiike of Aiisliich lell ill di-pleasiire with the l;ishii|) of Rome, and died CMivrnmunicate the next \e.'re after, Anno IMtl) lint thus, as \ou haue heard, Richard the King was ransomed l*^- deliiiered from the coiie- toiis captiiiitie id' the Em|)eror. and returning home made an ende of his \ovage for .Asia, which was both hoivui-able to himsell'e and to all Christian st.ites, Init to the .S.iracens the enemies of Chri-liaiiilie, terrible and dishunoiirable. fhis historic of King Richards voiage to leriisalem is very excellenilv and largely written in I.atinc by Gnilielmus Neobrigcnsis, and lioiccr Uoneden. im lU of tJiKt v|'iin ihtr Duke of Austtu. I! II \\ ui 1 . if J.pitai ihium ■I \'' n u. : I ! '!■ 6i Ciuitllloppc VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Bald, of Deuofi. Kpitaphium Richardi primi regis Angloruin apud rontem Ebraldi. SCribitur hoc auro, rex aiiree, laus tua tota aurea, inaterias conueniente nota. Laus tua prima fuit Siculi. Cyprus altera, Drotno tenia, Caruanna quarta, suprema 'lope. Retrusi Siculi, Cyprus pessundata, Dronio tncrsus, Caruauna capta, rctenta lope. Epitaphiuin eiusdcm vbi viscera eius requiescunt. Viscera Karcolum, corpus fons seruat Ebraldi, & cor Rothomagus, magne Ricliarde, tuum. The life and trauailes of Baidwiuus Dcuonius, sometime Archbishop of Canterbury. BAIdwinus Dcuonius, tenui loco Exccsirix natus, vir ore facuudus, cxactus Phiiosophus, & d omnc studiorum genus per illos dies aptissimus inuenicbatur. Scholarum rector primiim erat, turn j)ostea Archidiaconus, eruditior.c ac sapientia in omnt ncgotio Celebris: fiiif pra;- tercit Cisfercicnsis Monarhus, & Abbas Fordcnsis Ccenobij, niagnus suorum apstimatione, ac vniiicrsas corum societati quasi Antesignanus : fuit dciiide Wigornicnsis prxsul, fuit 8c mortuo demiini Kichardo Cantiiarionim Archicpiscopus, ar totius Anglia; Primas. Cui muneri B.iid- winus sollicitt^ inuigilans, cgregium se pastorem cxhibuit, doininirum semen, quantum patic- batur eius temporis iniquitas, vbique locorum spargt-ns. Richardus Anglorum rex, acceptiw tunc regni insignijs, summo studio dasscm, ac onjuia ad Ilierosolymitanuin belliim gcrendum nccessaria parauit. Sccutus est illiciN regcm in Syriain, 8c Pahcstinam vsque Baldwinus, vi essef in tarn Saiirto (vtipse putabat) iiincre liljurum, doiorum, ac pcriciilonim particcps. Pra^fuit Cantuaricnsi Ecclcsia' fcr6 6. annis, 8c Kichardum rcgem in Syriam sccutus, aiuKi Saiutis niKtra- I19(). Tyri vitani fiiiiiiit, \l)i 8c st'|)iiltiis est. Till" same in luigli-^li. BAIdwine a Dcuonshirc man biiriu- in lAcctcr I'f iiu;in |)arcnf:igc, was a very eloquent ma;i, :ir. exact Philosoplicr. and in those (l.i\r-. \tTv r\( client in all kind of studies. He was first of all ,i Schoiileniaster . altri wards lie lieeame an Aichiicacon, veiv lanious tor his learn- ing 8c wisciloin in all his (loinj;-. Me was also a Cisieri ian Monke and Abbot of Foon! Mo- nasteric, and the ehiefi' of all lliose that were d his order: he grew after this to be bishop of Worcester, and at last after the of the kingdoinc. 'I'his Haldwioe eft- soones folowcil llie kiiii: into S\ ria and Palestiiia, as one desirons to i)c partaker ol his trauailes, paines, and perils in so holy a voyage, lice w;is .\rrl)!)i-hop of Canterhurie almost sixe yeres: but haning followed the king into Syri.i, in the veere illK). he died at T\ re, wlicre he w;i9 also bnricd. An annotation < oiu ertiing tin' trau;iiles of the savd Baldwine, taken out of GirakUm Cambrensis, in bis Iiinenriuni Cambria-, lib. 2. Ca]). 14. Pol. iiliy. INier primos Thoma- Bcckeii surressor hie secundus, audita saluatoris & sahitiferie Cnn is iniuria nostris ( prf)h dolor) diebiis per Saladinnin irrogata, criice signatiis, in eiiixdcm ol,s(v quijs, tarn remotis finihus (pi.iin propinqiiis prajdicationis oilicium viriliter a.isuinpsit. Et postmodum iter accipiens, nanigioque fmigeiisapiid .Marsiliam. transcurso tandem [)ela^i pn- fundo, in portii Tyreiisi incolmni.s applicuil: & indead exerrituin nostrum obsiiientem [)a- rilcr & obses.suin Aconcm transiuii \bi mnltos ex nostris inueniens, & fer«'>riinitos pr'tni- pinri f. of Deuon. Ric. Canonicus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 65 erbury. PIiilosopluM, cturprimiiin fiiif pra;- timutione, ac uit & inortuo niineri B.ilil- aiitum patic- rcx, accept !•» im gcreniliini taldwinus, vt in particcps. ccutus, anno ery cloqueui lies. He was lor lii^i Irarn- if I'oonl Mo- to l)p lii-liop c III ad i- Arcli- ilacf he l)oing ti rucry pl.icc ril with all iti- tlic Infidels at Balilwiiif cft- r liis traiiaili'-i. 'st sixe yiTCs wliiTf he was Girali.lu5 I. iriCiTif ( 'rue IS •iiisilfin (it/sc- ssiiin()sit. Kt m pelani pn- )-i»li'!itein pa- iiiKtos prMui- pil:n pum defectu, in summa desolatione iam positos, & desperatione, alios quidem longa expec- tatione fatigatox, alios fame & inopia grauiter afflictos, quosdam verd aeris inclementia distemperatos, diem foelicilfer in terra aacra clausunis extremum, singulos pro posse vinculo charitatis ainplectens, sumptibus & impensis, verbis, & vitae meritis coniirmauit. The same in English. THis Baldwine being the second successor vnto Thomas Becket, after he had heard J' wrong which was done to our Sauioiir, and the signe of the Crosse by Saladine the Sultan of Egypt, taking vpon him the Lords Character, he coiiragiously perfourmed his office of preaching in the obedience thereof, as well in farre distant Countreis as at home. And afterwards taking his journey and iinbarking himselfe at Marseils, hauing at length passed f L«*uant sea, he nrri'ied safely in the Hauea of Tyrui^, and from thence went ouer to Achon vnto our armic, besieging the Towne, and yet (as it were) besieged it selfe : where finding many of our Countreymcn, and almost all men remaining in wonderfull pensiuenesse and despaire, through the withdrawing of the Princes, some of them tyred with long expectation, others grieuousiy afflicted with hunger and poucrlic, and others distempered with the heate of the weather, being leadv happily to ende his dayes in the Holy land, embracing euery one according to hisabilifie in the bond of lone, he ayded them at his costes and charges, and strengthened them with his wordes and good examples of life. A note drawen out of a very ancient booke remaining in the hands of the right wor- shipfull M. Thomas Tilncy Esquire, touching Sir Frederike Tilnoy his ancestor, knighted at Aeon in the Holy land for his valour, by K. Richard the (irst, a.s fo- loweth. I'lirlinuit iste liber priiis Frederico Tilncy de Boston, in comitatu Lincolni;e rauiliti facto apud Aeon in terra Iiidca; anno Regis Richardi priini tertio. Vir erat iste magnte statura; & potens in corpore : qui cum patribus .••uis dormit apud Tirrington iuxta villam sui nominis Tilney in .Mershland. Cuius altiludo in salua (9Ustodia permanet ibidem vsque in hunc diem. Et post eius obitum sexdcccm miliiibus eius nominis Tilney hxreditas ilia successiu^ obuenit, quorum vnus post aliiim semper habitabat apud Boston pr ctum : dum fratris senioris hee- reditas hatred! gcnerali deuoluia est, qua- nupta est lohanni duci Norfolcias. Eorum miles vitimus fuit Philippiis Tilney luiperde Shellcigh in Comitatu Suffolciae, pater & genitor Thomae Tilney de IIadleij;h in Comitatu pra-dicto Armigeri, cui modo attinet iste liber. Annoaetati^ suit 04. Anno Domini lbb6. The -^aine in English. Tllis booke pertained in times past vnto Sir Frederick Tilncy of Boston in the Countie of l.incolne, who wa- vni^^hted .it A- in in the land of Iiirie, in the third yeere of the reigne of king Richard th* first. This knight w.is of a tall stature and strong of body, who resteth interred with his lorefafhers at Tirrington, neere vnto a towne in Marshland called by his owiie name Tilney. The iusi height of this knight is there kept in sat'e custody vntill this very day. Also, after this mans decease, the inheritance of his landes fell successiuely vnto sixtcene sundry knights called all by the name of Tilney, who dwelt alwases, one after ano- ther, at the towne of Boston aforesayd, vntill such time as the possess! is of the elder bro- ther fell vnio an hcire general, which wa.s maried vntn lohn duke of Northfolke. The last l^niuhl of that name was sir Philip Tilncy late of Shellcigh mi the Countie of Suftblke, j)rc- decessor nnd father vntoThoMias Tilney of Hadleigh in tlie Countie aforesayd Esquire, vnto whom tile sayil booke cf late appertained. In the yeere of his age 64. and in the yeere of our Lord, If>j6. The tranailes cf one Richard surnamed Canonicus. Klchardus Canonicus ad Trinitatis fanum Londini Regularis, ab ipsa pueri'la, bonaruro ••itiiim literas impens^ rnmuit, excoluit, ac didicit. Qui ex cuntiiuio labore atque exercita- vot II. K tione 1 I !' il i Iti •: lit' I' \ '!■ : I PL > m VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Cul. Peregrinus. tione tonga, talis tandem euasit orator, & Poeta, quiles ea aetas rarissimos nutriebat. Ob id Richardo Anglorum tunc Regi chariH, lonuam cum eo peregrinatioiiem in Pala?stinam ac Syriam, duni expugnaret Turcas, suscepit. Vnde in Angliam turn demum reuersux, omnia quae prcscns vidit in vrbibus, agrisi, ac militum ca'^tris^, fideli narratione, tan carmine qu^m prosa descripsit. Neque interim omisit eiusdem Regis mores, & formam, per omnia corporis lincamenfa designare, addiditque prasclaro suo operi hoc aptissimum pro titulo nomen, sci- licet, Itinerarium Regis Richardi. Claruit anno redemptionis nosfnc 1200. sub loanne An- glorum Rege. Tiic same in English. Richard surnamed Canonicus an obseniant Frier of Trinitie Church in London, was in great loue with the studies of good Artes, and tooke paincs in them and learned them. And at last by his continuall endeuour and long exercise therein, hec grewe to bee such an Ora- tour and Poet, as fewe were in that age lining, by reason whereof hee grew in fauour with Richard then King of England, and vndertooke that long voyage with him into Palestinn and Syria agaynst the Turkes. From whence being returned againc into England, hee faithfully described both in Verse and Prose all .such things as hee had scene in the Cities, fieldcs and tentcs of the souldiours, where hec was present, and omitted not to note the behauiour, forme, and proportion of body in thi- forosayil king, giuing to his notable worke this mcxst apt name for the title. The lournall of King Kichard. He flourished in the yeerc of our Re- demption 1200. vnder lohn king of England. The trauaiirs of (iulielmus Peregrinus, GVlielmiis Peregrinus, Poeta ((iiidcin \tcv ram jclalein exrcllens, gcnerc Angliis florrbaf, literarum, vt multi Iniic erant, amator maximus. iV qui bona tempora melioribus impenderat itudijs. Hir cum ;i( cepisset, cxijcditionem in Sarateiios per Itegcm Hichanium parari, af- cinxit se ad iter iliiid, non tantuni vt miles, scd ctiani peregrinus. \ idit ea qua- in Mart Hispanico (iebaiif, \i(iir ipin" in .'imo dedirauif, addito hoc titulo, Odeporiroii Richardi Regis. Miillaque alia edidissc Poctam talem non diibilo, scd nuni extent ilia eins scripla, milii non (onstai. Hoc tamen satis constat, euin fiiisse in j)retio, Anno a salutil'ero \irginis partu l'itX>. sub .Anglorum Rege loanne. The same in English. William the Pilgrime, a very excellent Poet in those dayes and an Englishman borne, was of great fame, being much giuen to good letters, (as manv then were) and bestowed his good time in the best kiiide of studies. Hee vnderstanding of the pre|)aratioii colours, as if tliey h.ui bene still in doing before his eyes, and handled the same Argument in lleroicall ver-e which the forenamed Richard Canonicus did. And hauing finished his worke he dedi- cato ila vt quasi niro non in- ariorum Ar- dfdiraiiif, 1 tairn) noii ronstat, ciun nc. man bornr, l)i'siowed his (if kin^ Ki- ly as a Soul- ish Seas, and Ion, and the iiely colours, in Heroicall ■kf he dcdi- most expert And I diiubi •icr they be iited of, and The Rob. Cnrson'.. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. «> The large contribution to the succour of the Holy land, made by king lohn king of England, in the third yeere of his reigne 1201. Matth. Paris and Holinsh. pag. 164. AT the same time also the kings of France and England gaue large money towards the maintenance of the army which at this present went foorth vnder the leading of the earle of Flanders and other, to warre against the enemies of the Christian faith at the instance of pope Innocent. There was furthermore granted vnto them the fortieth part of all the reae- nues belonging vnto ecclesiasticall persons, towards the ayd of the Christians then being in the Holy land : and all such aswel of the nobility, as other of the weaker sort, which had taken vpon them the crossc, and secretly layed it downe were compelled eftsoones to receiue it now againe. The trauailes of Hubert Walter bishop of Sarisburie. HVbertus Walterus Sarisburiensis Episcopus, vir probus, ingenioq; ac pietate clarus, inter praccipuos vnus eorum erat, qui past Richardum i^gem expugnandorum Saracenorum gratia in Svriam proliciscebantur. Cum ex Palasstina rediens, audiret in Sicilia, quod idem Kichardus ill inimicorum manus incidissct, omisso itinere incoepto, ad eum cursim diiiertebat : Quein & illc statim in Angliam misit, vt illic regij Senatus authoritate, indicto pro eius redemp- tionc tributo pcciiniam coHijieret, quod & industrius fecit ac regcm liberauit. Inde Cantuario- runi Archiepiscopus facliis, post ciiis mortem loanni illius fratri ac successori paria fidelitatis ollicia prKstitit. I.oiiga enim oratioiie toti Anglorum nation! persuasit, quod virprouidus, pras- stans, fords, gencre nobilissimus, & imperio dignissimus esset : quo saliitatus a populo fuit, atiiiie in regem ciiroiuitiis. Cdiiiposuit qu%dain opuseula, & ex immenso animi dolore de- minn obijsse liTltir, Anno salutis liiiinanne I'iO.J. rum scdissc: nnnos 11. Menses octo, & (lit'.; scx. Qiiuni \i(lissct c\ iiitcstinis odijs, omnia in transmr.r''.is rcgionibus pessilm ire, regnantc loannc. The same in English. HVbert Walter bishop of Sarisburie, a \ertuous man, and famous for his good wit and pict\ , was one of the rhicfest of them that followed king Richard into Syria going against the .Saracens. As he relumed from Palxstina and came in his iourney into Sicilia, he there heard of the ill fortune of the king l)eiT)g fallen into his enemies handes, and thereupon leaning his iourney homewards, he went presently and in all haste to the place where the king was captiued, whom the king immediatly vpon his comming sent into England, that by the authority of the eouniell, a tribute might be collected for his redemption : which this Huljerl performed with great diligence, and deliucred the king. After thus he was made Ar(lil)i^h()p of C'aiilerbuiie, and alter the death of king Rich.ird he shewed the like dueties of lidelitic and trust to hin brother lohn that succeeded him. For bv a long oration he pcr- swaded the whole nation of the F.nglisii men, that he was .■>. very circumspect man, vertuous, \aliant, borne of noble pirentage, and most woorthy of the crowne. Whereupon he wasso receiued of all the peoj)le and < rowned king. He wrote certaine books, and died at the last with very great gricfe of" iniiule, in the yeere ISO."), hauing beene arcidiishop the space of II yeres 8 moneths and ixc daycs, by reason of the ciuil discords abroad, whereby all things went topsie fumy, ai d in the reigne of king lohn. The trauailes of Robert Ciirson. ROberf'is Cnrson ex nobili quodam Anglonim orfns gcnere, disciplinis tuin prophanis,' lum sacris stiidiosus incubuit, idque (quantum ex coniecturis lolligo) in celebratissima Ox- (inii .\caJeniia. I'r.xstantissimis illic institutoribus vsus, ex suinma circa ingenuas artes in- iliistria, iV assiduo literarum labore, famam sibi inter suos celeberrimam comparauit. Am- |iliora delude meditatus Varisiorum Lutetiam, atque Homain ipsam petijt, illic Theoiogus Ooctor, hie vpr6 Cardinalis ellectus. Viide \terquc Matthaeus I'arisiim, ac Westmona.sierius, k 2 hoc 1,^1 i F -V "tfl \ 1 r t!1 0'ti n \ ^ i.> ti. ■1 ' r VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Itan. Glanuilc. hoc dc ipso testimonium adferunt : hie libro 2. ille 8. suorum Chronicorum. Anno Domini. IISIS (inquiunt) in caplione Damiatae ^Egypti vrbis, sub loanne Brenno Hierosolymorum rege, fuit cum Pelagic Albanen^i Magister Robertus de Curson, Anglua, Clericus celeberri- mus, genere nobilis, ac Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalis, &c. Bo!)tonus Burienitis in suo Cata- logo Cursonum aliquos libro8 composuisse narrat. Claruit anno superios numerate per proe- dictoM testes in Anglia regnante Henrico tertio loanni^ regis Alio : fuitque hie diebuu Honorij tertij Romani pontiticia in Angliam, Bostnno teiite, legatus. The same in English. Robert Curson descended of a noble family of England, vsed great diligence aitwell in prophane as in diuine studies in the famous Vniuersity of Oxford (as I conjecture.) He had there the best scholemastcrs that were to be gotten, and was most industrious in the arts and continual exercises of learning : by mcanes whereof he grew to be of great renowi.e where he IJMcd. Afterward thinking of greater matters he went to Paris, and thence to Rome it sell'e, and at Paris he proceeded doctor of Diuinity, at Rome he wis made cardinall : where- upon both Matthew Paris & Matthew of Westminster produce this testimony of him, the one in his second booke, the other in his eight booke of Chronicles. In the yerc of our Lord (say they) 1218, at the taking of Damiata a cily of Egypt vndcr lohn Brenne king of lerusalem, M. Robert Curson an English man, a most famous cjearke of noble parentage, and cardinal! of the churcli of Rome, was there with Pelagius Albanensis, &c. Boston of Buric in SulTolkein his catalogue rcporfeth, that he wrote diucrs books. He flourished in theyeerc aforesayd by the witnesses aforesayd. Henry the third sonne of king lohn being then king of England: and by the further testimony of Boston, this Curson was legate into England in the d.iyes of Honorius the third, bishop of Home. The voyage of Ranulph carle of Chester, of Sacr Quincy e.nrle of Winclie-fcr, Wil- liam de Albanie carle of .\riindcl, with diner-* other noblo nicn to the Holy land, in the second yere of K. Henry the third. Matth. Paris. Holcnsh. pag. 2()2. IN the yccre I21H, Hanuli)h earic of Chcslir wa-i sent into the Holy land by king Henry the th'rd with a f;oodly comjianv of srniiditTs .-ind men of warrc, to ayde the ('luisiians there against the Infidels, wliirh at the s:ime time had hesieijed the city of Damiala in Egyi>t. In which enterprise the valiancy of the same earle after his comming thithei w.is to his great prai-ie most apparani. There went with him in that iourn-'-y Saer de (iuiney earle of Win- chester, William de Albanie earle of Anmdel, besides diners barms, as the lord Robert (it/. Walter, lohn ronstuhle of Chester, William de Harecourl, and Oliuer fit/. Kuy sonne to the king of England, and diners others. The voyage of Henry Bohiin and Sacr (iiiiniy to the Holy land. THis yere, being the sixt yere v)f Henry the third, deceased Henry de Bohiin earle of Hercforl, and S;ier^, vir nobilissinii generis, & virojpie inreeruditus, in albo ilhi-triuin \irorum ;i me mcrilo pnneiulus \cnit. Iia [jrobi- oinnes adolestentiir suae annos hnibn^ tiMii huinanis turn dininis CdMsecrauit, \t non prins in huminem per ii'tatcni tiiaseril, . vol. 2. ABout the same time, Ualdwine naming hiinsclfe cinpcrourof Constantinople, rame .igainc into 69 1240. r ;ij 1' !- I ill 'I I: »•.•/( I l> 'h. n I Of, Lcng- ^ loit won hy t .. tiiilishmcn ihr 1 ijfliii.nun VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Wll. Longeapcr. 'li' Frff.cJitiHii into England, to procure some new ayd of the king towards the recoucry of his empire, out of the which he was expelled by the Greeka. The voyage of William || I.ongcspcc Earle of Sarisburie into Asia, in the yeere 124S, and in the .12 yecrc of the rcigne of Henry the third, king of England. J,Ewis the French king being rccouercd of his sickenesse which he fell into, in the yere 1234, vowed thereupon forn free will sacrifice to God, that he (if the Councell of his realme would suH'er him) would in his ownc person visit the Holy land : which matter was opened and debated in the Parli:unent of France held in the yeere 1247. Where at length it was concluded, that the king according to his vow should take his iourney into Asia, and the time thereof was aUo prefixed, wliith should be after the feast of S, lohn Haptist the next yeere ensuing. At which time William Longcspee a worthie warrior, with the bisho]) of Worcester and certaine other great men in the Hcalnie of I'ngland ( mooned with the example of the French- men) ])reparcd themsclues likewise to the same iourney. It fell out in this enterprise, that about the l)eginning of October, the French kiiig as- saulted and tooke Damiata, being the piiiuipall fort or hold of the Saracens in .t11 EgV]>t, Anno I24i). and hailing fortified the Citic with an able garrison left with the Duke of ! him Rut si'ch was thedisdaine of the Frenchmen against this William Longespcc and the linglish- men that they could not .ibide tliem, but (iouted them after an opprobrious maiier will) Eng- lish tailes, insomuch that the French king himsell'c had much adoc to keepe peace beiwcene them. Tlie originall cause of this i;ruiirr (if nny of Knj;- vhcrwith he icrcdf (tiiey 'jif^lish soul- roinpanv of Alexandria, •i|)i(«'-, ^(lld iviicrcDl (he crcd all the • nuTiiiants, ) (light : the holj- lariai;!' iiiihlicr, at)(l inded to he s whilf Ii)j- rc-sa)d praic iring and in- 'o the diN- iswcrt" to it, 1 l)c sj)(n ice! plaine: JUil v>, thi'Kiinis ng rarowcli of his ((iiii- paiiv ^Vil. lonei'spif. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 71 pany brcakinj; front tlie French hoste went to Achon. Vpon whose departure the carle of Wiii.Longjpw Artoys sayd, Now is the army (d French men well rid of these tailed people, which words y"r,!al"ku^ spoken in great dcspight were ill taken of many good men that heard them. Hilt not long after, when the keeper of Cayro & Babylonia, bearing a good mind to the Christian religion, and being od'ended also with the Souldan, promised to dcliuer the same to the French king, instructing him what course was best for him to take to accomplish it, the king hereupon in all haste sent for William Longespee, promising him a full redress of ail his iniuries before rcceiucd : who at the kings request came to him againe, and so ioyned with the French power. After this, it happened that the French king passing with his armie towardes Cayro afore- sayd, came to the great riuer Nilus, on the further part whereof the Soldan had pitched him- sclfc to withstand his comming ouer : there was at this time a Saracen lately conuertcd to Christ, soruin^ the carle Robert the French kings brother, who told him of the absence of the Soldan from his tents, and of a shallow foord in the riuer where they might easily passe ouer. Whereupon the sa)d earle Robert Sc the Master of the Temple with a great power, esteemed to the third part of the army issued ouer the riuer, after whom followed W. Long- spce with his hand of English souldicrs. These being ioyned together on the other side of tiu- water, encoiuitrcd the same day with the Saracens remaining in the tents & put them to the worst. Which victory being gotten, the French earle surprised with pride and triumph, a'* though hcc had conquered the whole earth, woidd needs forward, diuiding himsclfe from the mniiic Iiostc, thinking to winne the spurres alone. To whom certain sage men of the Temple, giuing him contrary counsell, aduised him not to do so, but rather to returne and take tlieir wlkde company with them, and so should thev be more sure against all deceits and dan-jers, which might be layed priuily for them. The maner of that people (they sayd) they better knew, and hail more experience thireof then he: alledging moreouer their wea- ried bodies, iheir tired horses, their famished souldiers, and the insufliciency also of their number, which was not able to withstand the multitude of the enemieiy, especially at this pre- sent brunt, in which the ailu^rsaries did well sec the whole stale of their dominion now to con- sist either in winning all or losing all. Which when the proud earle did heare, being inflated with no lesse arrogancy tticn igno- ranie, with opprobrious taunts reuilcd them, calling them cowardly dastards, & betrayers of the whole coimircy, obic( ting vnto them the common report of many, which sayd, that the land <>l' the holy insse mii';ht sootie be woon to Christendome, were it not for rebellious Tem- plaries, with the Hos[)italaries, and their followers. To these contumelious rebukes, when the master of the Temple answered againe for him and his I'ellowcs, bidding him display his ensigne when he woidet forward. At Michaelmas fallowing he with his company came to Egucinorfcs, which is from Nfarsi- lia eight leagues Westwaal, and there taking ship againe (hauinga mery and prosperous wind) uithin fen dayes arriued at Tunez, where he was with great ioy welcommed, and entertained ol the Ciirisiian princes that there were to this purpose assembled, as of Philij) the French Kinv, wiiiwe father Lodouiciis died a litle before, of Carolus the king of Sicilia, and the two kiiins of Nauarre and Arragon, and as this lord Edward came thither for hi:; father the king ol' Ijiijlaiid, thither came also Henry the sonne of the king of Almaine for his father, who at hi» retiirnc from the voyage wis slainc in a chappell at Viterbium. When prince Edward demanded of these kings and princes what was to be done, theyan* ■iwired him againe and sayd, the prince of this citie and the proiiince adtovning to the same liatli bene accusiumed to pay tribute vnto the king of Sicily euery yerc: and now for that the same hath bene for the space of seuen yeeres vnpaied and more, therefore we thought good to make inuasion vpon him. But the king knowing the same tribute to be but iustly de- niaunded, hath now according to our owne desire satisfied for the time past, and also j)aicd his tribute bci'orc hand. Then sayd he. My Lords, what is this to the purpose? are we not here all assembled, In. Iiaue taken vpon vs the Lords Character to fight against the infidels & enemies of Christ? Wh;it i .:1U1 IKT t'-.is lie I :'.-i:.-,l I Prince Edw. TnAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES. •I.l What mcanc yoii then to conclude a peace with ihem ? God forliid we xhoiild do »o, for now the land is plaine and hard, so thai we may approch to ^ holy city IcTiisali". Then said they, now iiaiie we made a h-a^jiie with them, mithrr is it lawlui (or vs to breake the same. But let vs rctiirnc apaine to Sicilia, and when the winter is i)ast we may well take shippinj; to Acra. Hut this connsei nothing at all liked him, neither did he shew himselfe wcl pleased therewith : 1)111 after hec had made them a prineely hanket, he went into his closet orpriiiy i hamber from amongst them, neither would he partaker of any of that wicked money which they had taken. They notwithstan; their purpose, at the next mery wind looke shij)pin^, and for want of ships left 'i(K). of their men a shore, cr>inj» out, and pitiously lanientinj; for the peril and hazard of death that lluy were in ; wherewith prince Edward being somewhat moou- ed to compassion, came backe a^aine to the land, and receiued and stowed them in hisownc ships, being the last that went aboord. Within seiien (layes after, they arriued in the kingdom of Sicilia, oner agaynst the Cilie Traijcs, casting their ankers a league from thence within the sea, for that their shi|)pes were of great burden, and throughly fraught : and from the hauen of the cilie they sent out barges ami boates to receiue and bring such of the Nobililie to land as would, but their horses for the most ])art, and all their armour they kept still within boord. At length towards the euening the sea l>egan lo be rough, & increased toa great tempest and a mightie: insomuch that their ships were beaten one against anofhers sides, and drowned. There wa-i of them at that tempest lying at anker more then lyO. with all their armour and nuiiiition, with innumerable snules besitles, and that wicked money also wliich they had taken befure. likewise perished, and w.is lost. Hiittlie icnip'.st hurl not -o much as one ship of prince Edward.s, who had in number 13. 0' r yet had one man Ic^l thereby, for that (as it may be presupposed) he consented not to the wicked aue the shi|i it was iiejiossiljlr : howbeit the men that were therein by Gods heipe he chiii!)ic(l not. '1 hen sayd the iountc«sf, fur the ship force no whit, sane the sonles therein, and li.uic to thee (hnibic the \ahie of the sluppc : who immediatU hoising the sailes with all force, r.iM the-hi|)pe aground -o necre the slierc a^. was possible, so that with the xeiuinency of the weather iV force he came wiiliali, he bra'.t the ship and saued all that was within the same, as he had shewcil, andsa\d belcre. riien the kings and primes altering their purpose after this so great a sliipwrnrke) re- turned home againe eui ry one vnio their owne land.s: onely Edward the sonne of the king of I-.ngland, remained behindc with his men and shij)s, which the Lord had saued and |t Acia. Niliareth utMn by the piiiic*. > I 'I' I i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1.25 s S a m 1.4 il.6 V <^ /^ V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MS80 (716) 873-4503 k ■^ '^^ r- \r' III M ^ ' v: il'i i:-. 94 Avictorie Mgi'vatt the Sa- racenii wherein icooofthc'ffcrc shine* The princei of Cyprus acknow* ledee obedience to the kings of England. VOYAGES, NAUIGATI(»JS, Prince Edward. Princr KdwarJ traiUTouily began to gather at Cakow which was forty miles Trom Acra, he marching thither, set vpon them very earely in the morning, and slew of them more then a thousand, the rest he put to flight, and tooke rich spoiles, marching forward till they came to a castle named Castrum percgrinorum, situate vpon the sea coast, and taried there that night, and the next day they returned againe toward Acra. In the meane season the king of lerusalem sent vnto the noble men of Cyprus, desiring them to come with speed to ayd the Christians, but they would not come, saying they would keepe their owne land, and go no further. Then prince Edward sent vnto tliem, desiring that at his request they would come and ioyne in ayd with him : who immediatly thereupon came vntc him with great preparation & furniture for the warres, saying, that at his commandemcnt they were bound to do no lesse, for that his predecessors were sometimes the gouernors of that their land, and that they ought alwayes to shew their fidelity to the kings of England. Then the Christians being herewith animated, made a third voyage or road, and came as farre as the furt called Vincuhi sancti Petri, and to S. Georgiu^, and when they had slain certaine there, not finding any to make resistance against them, they retired againe from whence they came : when thus the fame of prince Edward grew amongst his enemies, and that they began to stand in doubt of him, they deuised among themselues how by some pollicy they might circumucnt him, and betray him. Whereupon the prince and admirall of loppa sent vnto him, faining himselfe vnder great deceit willing to become a Christian, and that he would draw with hi'n a great number besides, so that they might be honorably entertained and vsed of the Christians. This taike pleased the prince well, and perswadrd him to finish the thing he had so well begun by writing againe, who also by the same mes- senger sent and wrote backe vnto him diners times about the same matter, whereby no mistrust should spring. This messenger (sayth mine aiithi)r) was one ex caute nutritis, one of the stony hearted, that neither feared God nor dreaded death. The fift time when this messenger came, and was of the princes seninnts searched accord- ing to the maner and custome what weapon and armour he had about him, as also his purse, that not so much as a knife could be scene about him, he was had vp into the princes cham- ber, and after his reuerence done, he pulled out certaine letters, which he dcliuercd the prince from his lord, as he had done (ithers before. Tliis was about eight dayes after Whit- suntide, vpon a Tuesday, somewhat before night, at which time the prince was laycd vpon his bed bare headed, in his ierkin, for the great heat and iiitemperature of the weather. When the prince had read the letters, it appeared by them, that >pon the Saturday next following, his lord would be there ready to accomplish all that he iiad written and promised. The report of these newes by the prince to the standcrs by, liked them well, who drew somewhat barke to consult thereof amongst themselues. In the meane time, the messen;;er kneeling, and making his obeisance to the prince (questioning further with him) put his hand to his belt, as though ho would haue pulled out some secret letters, and suddenly he pulled out an cnuenomed knife, thinking to haue stroken the prince into tiie belly there- with as he lay: but the prince lifting vp his hand to defend the blow, was striken a great wound info the arme, and being about to fetch another stroke at him, the prince againe with his foot tooke him such a blow, that he fcid him to the ground: with that the prince gate him by the hand, and with such violence wrasted the knife from him, that he hurt hini- sclfp therewith on the forehead, and immediately thrust the same into the belly of the mes- senger and striker, and slew him. Thi? princes seruants being in the next chamber not farre off", hearing the busling, came with great haste running in, and finding the messenger lying dead in the floore, one of them tooke vp a stoolp, and beat out his braines: whereat the prince was wroth for that he stroke a dead man, and one that was killed before. But the rumour of this accident, as it was strange, so it went soone thorowout all the Court, and from thence among the common people, for which they were cry heauy, and greatly nee Edward. ler, set vpon rest he put med Castrum text day they >rulitutus Assyrios vna cum An- glico exercitu petijt, ac suiim non sine laiide pncstitit oITicium. Claruit anno salutireri partus, 1280. varia component, sub eodem Edwardo eius nominir* primo post Conquestum. The game in English. Robert Turneham Franciscan, a notable professor of Diuinifie, was with great dignitie Prior of the Colledgc of his Order in the famous Mart Towne of Lynnc, situate vpon the riuer of Isis in Norfolkc. Prince Edward surnamed the Long, the sonne of Henrie the third, prepared his warlike voyage against the Saracens dwelling in Syria, in the yeere of our Lord, 1268. For the which expedition some earnest preacher was sought to stirre vp the peoples minds in the cause of religion. And this Turneham seemed to the Prince most worthy to performe that office : so that he being appointed as it were a standard bearer, went into Syria with the English army, and performed his duety with good commendation. He flourished in the yeere of Christ 1280. setting forth diuers workes vnder the same King Ed- ward the first of that name after the Conquest. The life of .Syr lohn M.iiidenill Knight, written by Master Bale. Cenlur. 6. lOannes \fandeuil, vir equestris ordinis, ex fano Albini oriundus, ita u teneris \t niunt, vnguiculis literarum studijs as^ueuerat, vt in illis bonam foclicitatis suae partem poneret. Nam generis sui stemmata illustria, nulii vsui fiitura ducrb.ii, nisi ilia clariora dociis artibus red- deret. Quare cum animum KiLingelica Icrtione rile instituisset, transtulit sua studia ad rem Mediciim, artem imprimis liberali ingonio dignam. Scd inter alia, ingens quacdam cupidn videndi Africam, & A^iam, vastioris orbis partes, eius animum inuascnt. Comparato igitur amplo viatico, percgr^ profectus est, anno a ("hristo nato, 1332. & domum tanqiiam alter Vlysscs, po-;t .'ii. annos rcdieiis, a paucissimis quidem cognitus fuif. Interim .Scjtl'iani, Ar- meniam Maiorem & Minorem, Aegyptum, viranidue Lybiam, .Arabiani, Syriam, Mcdiam, Mesopotamiam, Pcr>iam, C'liaidirani, Gricri.nni, Jll_\rium, Tartarian), & alia spaciosi orbis regiia, laborioso itinerc visiiauit. Denique lingiiarum cognitione pra^ditus, ne tot ac tantaruin rerum variclates, & miracula qtue oculntus testis vidcr.it, niemcri.Tque mandnuerat, ol)iiuionc prcmerentur, in tril.iis Unguis, Anglica, Gallica, & Latina, graphic^ scri])sit Iiincrarium S'.t. annfTum. Reuersus in Angliam, ac visis sui seculi nialis, vir pins diccbat, no>iris tempnri- bus lam verius quam olim dici potest, virtus ces.Hal, Kcclcsia calcatur. Cirrus errat, daemon regnat, simonia dominatur, &c. Leodij tandem obijt, anno Domini 1372. die 17. Noucm- bris, apud Guilielmitas sepultus. The same in English. lOhn Mandeuil K. ^ht, borne in the towne of S. Albons, was so well giucn to the studie of learning from his childhood, that he seemed to plant a good part of his felicitic in the same : for he supposrd that the hon( ur of his birth would nothing auailc him, except he could render the same more honourable by his knowledge in good letters. Ilauing there- fore well proundid himselfe in religion by reading tl e Scriptures, he apjilied his studies to the arte of Physicke, a profession worthy a noble wit : but ainong'-t other tilings, he was rauished with a mightie desire to see the greater partes of the world, as A-^ia and Africa. Ilauing ther'-fore prouided all things necessarie for his iourney, he departed from his coun- trey in the yiere of Christ, 1332, and as another \'lysses returned home, after the space of .'{4. ycercs, and was then knowen to a very fewe. In the time of his tr.^uaile he was in Scy- thia, tiie greater and le.sse Armenia, Egypi, both Lxbias, Arabia, S\ria, Media, Mesopotamia, Persia, Clialdtra, Greece, Ill\rium, Tartaric, and diners other kinudnmcs of the world : and hauing gotten by this meanes the knowledge of the languages, least so many and great va- rieties, and things miraculous, whereof himselfe had bene an eie witnes, should perish in obliuion, he committed his whole trauell of .'{3. yeeres to writing in three diuerx tongues, English, 3 4 5 6 7 4 rneham, ^c. )rator vehe- isus vcl dig- na cum An- tiferi partus, tn. •eat dignitie ife vpon the rie the third, ^cere of our stirre vp the Prince most bearer, went idation. He me King Ed- ir. 6. erls vf aiiinf, oncret. Nam artiluis rcd- tudia ad rem cdam rupidn iparato ifjitiir nnquam alter if) thiani, Ar- im, Mcdiam, paciiwi orbin t ac tanlarum •rat, ohliuione inrrarium '.i'.t. >tris leinpori- errat, dn'mon ; 17. Noiicm- to the studie •licitic in the n, except he lauing therc- his studies to lings, he wa» ia and Africa. rom hi.s coun- • the space of ic was in Scy- Mesopotamia, e world : and and great va- tuld perish in iiierH tongues, English, S. J. Mandeuih TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 77 i English, French and Latinc. Being arriucd againe in England, and hailing secne the wicked- ncs of that age, he pane out this spearh : In our time (sayd he) it may bespoken more truely then of olde, that vertue is gone, the Church ia vnder foote, the Clergie is in errour, thedeuili raigneth, and Simonie bearclh the sway, &c. He died at Leege. in the yeere XHTi. the 17. day of Nouember, being there buried in the Abbic of the Order of the Guilielmites. The Tombe and Epitaph of Sir lohn Mandeuil, in the citie of Leege, spoken of by Ortelius, in his booke called Itinerarium Belgi*, in this sort. MAgna & populosa Leodij suburbia, ad collium radices, in quorum iugis multa sunt, & Foi.ij.iC. pulcherrima monasteria, inter quae magnificum illud, ac nobile D. Laurentio dicatum, ab Kaginardo Episcojio. Est in hac quoque regione, vel suburbijs Leodij, Guilielmitarum Coe- nnbium, in (|iio Kpitaphiiim hoc loannis k Mandeuille, excepimu.s. Hie iacef vir nobiliy, 1). Joannes dc Mandeuille, aliter dictus ad Barbam, Miles, Dominus ^p''»p'"'*>- de Campdi, natiis de Anglia, Medicinae professor, deuotissimus, orator, & bonorum lar- gissimus paupcribns erogator, qui toto quasi orbe lustrato, Leodij diem vitae suae clausit oxtremum. Anno Dom. I.'i7l. Meitsis Nouembris, Die 17. Hxc in lapide : in quo cxlata viri armati imago, Leonem calcantis, barba bifurcat.n, .id caput manus bencdiccns, & vemacula haec verba : Vos qui paseissor mi, pour I'amour deix proics por mi. Clijicus eral viicuus, in quo olim fuisse dicebant laminam aeream, & eius in ea itidcin ca De periculis & tormcnti.s in valle infauota. 47 De Bragmnnnnrum insulis, & aliorum. 48 Aliquid de loco Paradisi terrcstrii) per au- ditum. 49 In reuertendo dc Ilcgnis Cassam, & Iti- both, de Diuite E]>ulonc, vcl consimili. 50 De compositionc huius traciatus in Ciui- tatc Leodiensi. & comitatu Im- peratoris prtesbiteri loanni.s. Liber Prassen.s Cvivs Avthor est loannc.i Nfandevill militaris ordinis, agit dc diuer- sis patrijs, Kegionibus, Prcuinrijs, & insuli.s Turcia, Armenia maiore & nii- norc, iEgypio, Lybia bassa & alfa, Syria, Arabia, Persia, Chaldapa, Tartaria, India, & de inflnitis insiilis, Ciuitatiluis, villis, castris, & locis, qua; gentcs, legum, morum, ar rituum inhabitant diurrsorum. Droicatio Libri. PKincipi exrcllcntissimo, pra; cunciix mortalibus pra;cipu^ vencrando, Dumino Edwardu cius nominis tertio, diuina proiiidcntia, Franconim & Anglorum Rcgi Serenissimo, Hibcr- nia; Domino, Aquitaniec Due i, niari uc cius insulis occidentalibus dominanii, Christianorum encomio & ornatui, vniucrsorumquc arma gcrrntium Tiitori, ac Probitatis & strcnuitatis oxcniplo, principi qiinque inuicto, niirabilis Aiexandri Scquaci, ac vniucrso orbi trcmedo, cum rcuercntia non qui dccct, cum nd talcm, & tnntam reucrentiam minus snflicientcs cx- tilerlnt, 8cd qua paniitas, &i possibilitas mittentis ac oflcrentis se cxtendunt, contrnta tradantur. Pars prima, continens Capita 23. Capvt. I. Commcndatio breuis tcrrae Hicrosolimitanat. CVm terra Hicrosolimitana, lorra promissionis fiiioru Dei, dignior curiis mundi terris sit hahrda nniliis ex rausis, & prx( ipu^ illi\, quoti Deus condilor cneli & mundi, ipsam tanti (lignalus fuit a;siimarc, vt in e<. proprium (ilium saluatorcm mundi, Christum exhibuerit poncri humano per incarnationem ex intcmerata Virgine, & per cius conuersationem hu- milhma in cadem, ac per dolorosam mortis suae consummaiioncm ibidem, ^tque ind^ per cius admirand.tm rcsurn-rtioncm, ar asccnsioncm in cerium, & postrcm6 quia credilur illic in line scculi rcuersurns, & omnia iudiraturus; cerium cxt, i\\\M ab omnibus qui Christiano nomine a Clirislo dicuntur, sit tanquam k suis proprijs hieredibus diiigenda, & pro cuii'isque |)ntcstafc ar modulo honoranda. A principibus quidcm, & potentibus vl ipsam conentur dc infidclium manibus rccuperarc, qui earn lam pridcm i\ nobis, nostris cxigentibus mcritis, Loquiiur i«un. abstulerunt, & per annos hcu plurimos pos.scdcrunt: a mcdiocribus uutcm & valentibus, vt quibu'i'Jijr" '" P" I'^r^'Krinalionem deiiotam lora lam pia, & vestigia Ciirisli ac discipulorum lam Santta, priiuipaliter in rcmissionem visitent dclictorum. Ab impotcniibus vero, & impeditis, qna- tcnus supradirti's \el Iiortcnfur, vr! in aliquo modo iuuent, seu ccrti! fidcles fundant ora- tioncs. Veriim quia iam nostris tcmporibus vcriiis quam olim dici potest. Virtus, Ecclcsia, Clems, da?mon, symonia, Ccssai, calcatur, crrat, rcgnat, dominatur, cccc r. Mandcuih licg!ones Iin- lis infauMa:. du, per Indo- valle infausta. & aliorum. rcstrii) per au- assam, & Ri- 1 cnnsimili. latus in Ciiii- dc diuer- c & mi- Tarlaria, gcnles, nino Edwardo ssimo, Hibcr- C'hriNtiannnim & Ntrcntiitatis orbi trcincdo, ifljcientcs cx- iint, contrnta undi terris sit li, ipsam tanti urn exhibuerit ;niationem hu- itque ind^ per I credilur illic qui Christiano I pro cuiiuique psam concntur nlibus mcritis, valentibiis, vt n lam Santtn, npcditlH, qua- !8 fundant ur.i- TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. S. I. Matideuil. ecrc iusto Dei iudicio, crcdiia est terra tarn inclyta, & sacrosancfa impiorum manibus Sarace- •■ J!— J-— Sc recolendum. EGO loannes T9 ru quod mm est absq; dolore pijs mentibiis audiendum, & rec. indeuill militaris ordinis saltern gerens nomeii. natus & educatus Mandeuill militaris ordinis saltern gerens nomen. natus & educatus in terra Angliae, in villa sancti Albani. ducebar in Adolescentia mea tali inspirationc, vt quamuis non per potentiam, ncc per vires propria^ possem pnefatam terram suis hoircdibus reciiperare, irem lamen per aliquod temporis spacium percgrinari ibidem, & salutarem aliquantulum de propinquo Vn- de in anno ab Incarnalione Domini 1322. imposui me nauigalioni MarsiliensH mans & vs- nue in hoc temporis, Anni 1355, scilicet, per 33. annos in transmarinis partibus mansi, ileregrinatus sunV. ambulaui, & circuiui multas, ac diucrsas patnas, regiones. prriiincias. & insulas Turciam, Armeniam maiorem, & minorem, ^Ugyptum, Lybiam bassam & altam, Svriam Arabiam. Persiam. Chaldeam, iEthiopiae partem magnam, Tartanam, Amazonia, Indiam minorem, & metliam, ac partem magnam de maiori, & m istis, & circum istas re- giones, mulfas insulas Ciuitates, vrbes, castra, villas. & loca, vbi habitant variae gentes, aspectuum, morum, Icgum, ac rituum diuersorum : Attamen quia summo dcsiderio m terra promissioiiis eram, ip>iam diliRenfius per loca vestigiorum filij Dei pcrlustrare curaui, & diuliiis in ilia stcti. Quaproplcr & in hac prima parte huius opens iter tarn percgnnandi, qnain nauigandi, k partibus Aiiglin? »d ipsam desrribo, & loca notabiliter saitcta, quffi intra eandcin sunt breuitcr cOmemoro & diligenler, quatenus percgrinis tam in itinere quam in proucatione valcat hajc descripiio in aliquo deseruire. Capvt. 2. Iter ab Anglia tam per terras quam per aquas vsq; in Constantinopolim, QVi de Hybcrnia, An<;Iia, Srotia, Noru-gia, aut Gallia iter iirrlpit ad partes Hierosolymi- tanis potest saltcm vnq; ad Imp:ria!cm Greciie Ciuitatein COstanlinopolim eligcre sibi inoiluin profiii^ccndi, slue per terras, sine per aquas. Et si percgrinaiido digit transigcre viam. tcndat per Coluniain Agrippiiiam, & sic per Almaniam in Hungariam ad Montlusnnt Ciiiitatem, sedcm Regni Hunnaritc. Et est Hex Hungaiia; multum potes istis tcm- ponbiis. Nam tenet & Sclanoniam, & magn:im partem R -gni Comannorum, & Hun- gariam, & partem Regni Hussiw. Oportct vt peregrinus in finil)us Hungarian Iraiiseat niagtuiin Danu!)ij fliimeii, & vadaf in Bclgradum; Hoc flumen oritur inter Montana Al- niani.x", & rurrens versus Orientem, reiipit in se 40. flumina antequam Finiatur in marc. De Belgrade iiitratur tirra Hulgariir, & traiisitur per Pontem petriiuim Huuij Mar- rov, & per terram Pyncenars, & tunc iiitr.itur Grn-cia, in Ciuitates, Steriies, Asmopapc, & Aiidrinopoiis, \ sic in Constantinopolim, vbi commimiter est sedes Imperatoris Greciic. Qui autem viam flii;it per aquas versus Constantinopolim nauigare, accipiat sibi portum, pn)iit voluerit, pro|)inquinn sine remoium, Marsiliae, Pisi, lanuae, Venetijs, Romne, Neapoli, vcl alibi: sicque transeat Tusciam, Ca'opaniam, Ilaliam, Corsicam, Sardiniam, vsque in Si- riliam, qua- diuidiliir al> Italia per brachium maris non magnum. In Sicilia est mons ^l^tna iugilcr ardens, qui ibidem ap[)ellatur Mons Gibclle, & prreter ilium habentur ibi loca Gol- than vbi sunt septem leucic quasi semper ignem spirantes: secundum diuersitatem colorum harum llammaruiii esfimnni Incolac annum fertilem fore, vel sterilem, siccum vel hiimidum, ralidnm, vel Trigidum: luec loca vocant caminos Infernales, & ii fiiubus Italiie vsque ad ista liica sunt 25. miliaria. Sunt autem in Sicilia aliqua Pomeria in quibus inueniuntur frondeSj (lores, & fnictus per totum annum, etiam in profuiu;- hyeme. Regnuin Siciliiu est bona, & grandis insula hahens in circuilu fcrb leucas 300. Et ne quis erret, vel de facili repre- hendat quolies scribo leucam, inteiligendiun est de leuca Lombardici, quae ali(piant6 maior est Geometrica; & quoties pono numeriim, sid) intelligatur fere, vel circiter, sine citra, & dielam intendo ponere, de 10. Lombardicis leiicis: Geometrica autem leuca describitur, vt nnium est, per hos versus. Quinq; pedes passum faciunt, passus qiioq; centum Viginti quinque (.tadium, si millia des que Octo facis iiladia, duplicatum dat tibi leuca. Post- loannls Mandi* uilUpcregrinitio, iwr tres & tri- ginta aiuioi co» liiiuHa. Retail Hun/iiix oliin putcntij. Mons Aetna. Acolides insulj*. Temperics Sii-ilix Insul.L- l.eiira l.otn* barJica. Quid sit dirtl. i 4: m '(|> 1- t-'-! so VOYAC.r.S, NAUIGATIOKS, S. /. Mmuhuil. I'ottus Orpcix. J\cletii ttnctK Rv.im Hdcm lllltUilll- rosiqiiain itaqiic pcroprinus sc crcdiilit Deo & inari, si prospora sil)i fiierit naiiigatin, 1)011 a.sfciulct in tcrram, tloiicc intrct aliqticm portum (Jreciir, HciiiccI, Myrroyt, Valoiiir, Diirasc, sine alium prout Diuin.'c placiicrit voluntali, Ar cxhinr ibit Constanlinnpolini pr.T- ilicfam, qiirc oliin Hys.inlium, vol Vrsaton tliccbaliir. Hie atitrtn nntfiduin rst, qiu'id a porlii Vcnotic, vsq; ad CTwliiiitinopdliiii ilirciii! per marc octingcnia; Icuco;, & 80. oominuiiitii roDipiitanlur ibi I'oiifcntav r.\pvr. 3. Dc \rbi' r(iii>i|aniiiiopoIi, & rclicpiijs ibiiirm rnnleMti-*. l'On«tanlinoj)olis i)iil< hra est Ciiiilis, iV nobilis, triangularis in tornia, lirmitOrqtie nuira- ta, I'uids dna- panes iiw liidutiir niari llellcsponto, (pi6d phirinii inod(N appellant hracliiuin sancti Gcorjjij, & aiiqiii IJiiko, Tmia vrtus VerMis loruni vi)i hoc brachium exit de niari est lata tcrr.x- |>lanities, in qua antiqiiitiis stelit Trciia Ciuitas de (jua ai)nd I'defas niira lecunlnr, sed nunc \ald^ inndica apparent vesti'^ia ('niitatis. In Cnnstantinopoli habenttir niulla niira- bilia, ac irjsuper niulta? sanetornni venerand.T relliqnxi, ac super omnia, precicjsissima Crnx Chrisii, sen maior pars illitis, & lunita inconsiitiiis, euni spongia & arundine, ^ vno cla- uoruin, it dimidi.i parte coron.x' sjiinca?, ruiii|iere liisorio, niai;na imago lusiiniani (pioiulaiii Imperatui is super equuin sedcntis: luit auti'in priniitus in nianu imajiinis fabricala spli;rra npiunda, cpia; i;iin diu e manu sua sibi cccidit, in si';niun quud Im|)erat<)r inultaruMi teirarum dnn.inium pcrili- dif. Namijue soiebat esse /)omiuu<, Uoinaiiornm, Gr.xcoruni, Asia', Syriie, ludeue, .Ejjx pti, Arabia', & Persia-, at nunc solum rctinct Greciam, nun alifacedoniani lotam : Si'mtq; sub eo Caypoplij, & aiii I'ynienardi, ac maxima pars Comniannorum. Porro ima)!;o tenet manum rieuatam & extentam in oricn- fein, velut in signum cominalionis ad Orienlales inlideles. Dc pnedicta terr.i Thraciu' luit I'hilosophus Aristotelcs i^iundus in Ciuitale Stajjcres, & est ibi in loco luinba eius velut allare, vbi & sinnulis annis eerto die cclebratur i\ po|nilo fesfum illius, ac si luisset sanctus. Tempnribus ergo magnorum eonsiliorum cunueniunt illuc sapientes terr.e, reputantes sibi jier inspirationem immiiti consilium optimum de agendis. Item ad diuisionem Thiacia; & Macedonia- sunt duo mirabilitcr aiti montcs, vnus Olympus, alter Athos, cuius vltimi vinbra orienie sole apparet ad 76. miliaria, ssquc in insulam Lemnon. In lioruni cacumine mon- lium ventus non currit, ncr aer mouctur, quod frequenter )m)batinn est per ini;enium As- tronoinorum, (pii (piandoque ascendentcs scripserunt litcras in pulucre, quas set|.a'nti aniui inuenerunt quasi recetUcr scriplas, & quia est ibi purus aer sine niixtione elenieiiti aqua-, necesse est vl ascendentcs liabeant serum spongiai aquic plenas pro anhelitus respiraiione : In praedicta autem sanrias sophi.T lifclesia, (sicut ibidem diciiur,) voluit olim (|uidain Ini- perator corpus cuiusdam sui defuncti scpelire cognati : cuius cum fotleretur sepulcliruir, venfum est ad mausoleum antiquum in quo super incineratum corpus iaceliat discus ami puri, & erat sculpfum in eo lileris Gncci.s, Ilebraicis, & Latinis sic. lesus Chrisius nascetur de Virt;ine, Re csn (redo in cum, Et erat simul inscripta data definicti secundum modum illius r. Maiuhnll. rit naiiipatio, oyt, Valonir, npolim pr.T- qiu'xl a porlii communitci S. I. JManiUull. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 81 lerquc mura- laiit lirncliiiiiu it dp iiiari est lira Icciimtir, I- miilta inira- cjsissima ("riiv iv viio cla- In Kepis Fraii- •m vliiiiiKiuc: I'sia Cosiaiiti- ta (lifiiiir, it Hu.'im ill ncv- sUiv Domiiiir ' laianpclisiu." riiiiiali.i tj)ii- iiiiisiiuidi icli- U{Uani, siiiicl 111 iiianiKircMin icratoiis Ml per nila, i\[\x iaiii i.iiiiuiii pci'di- ulca>, .l'!gy|)(i, •t i.T adiaii'iiii- 'arpatc-s, Lcm- ') nii'iiaidi, a( itani ill (iricii- 1 Thrariir liiii nl)a ciiis vt'liit "iiissct .'•aiictiw. ifpiilaiiti's >il)i 111 Tiiiatia; & s vliiini viiibra anitiiinr inori- iiincniuin As- si'ti'icnti aniui li'inenli aqua-, i rcspiraiioiio : n quidain Im- ir scpiiiiliniiTi, 'bal discus ami irJNliis iiasrcriir iiiidiiin niiidiiiii illiii^ heni itll. illius temporis, qiifc conlinebal duo inillia annoniin ante incarnationcm ipsiiw Chrlsti tie Maria Vlrjjine. Seriialiir qii6qiic hodierno tempore eadcm iiatinaiiiTlicsaurario eiusdem Ecclesia?, & diiitur illiid ccrpin fuisse IKriiiclis sapicntis. Onines quidem, tcrrariiin, rc- «ioiuiin. & insiilariiin iioniiiiei, qui iitti Greco obediuiit Imperatori sunt ChristianI, & bap- tizati, tamcn variant siiimdi in alicjiio articnlo (idem suam a nostra vera fide Catholica, & diiiersificaiit in niultis siios rilus \ ritibus Hoinana; Ecclesiu), quia iaindiu omiiicrunt obedire Pontifiri Romano, dicentes, quoniam beatus Petrus Apostolus habuit sedem in Antiochia, quamuis passus f'uit in Roma: Idtirco pilriarclia Antiorhcnus habet in illis Oricntalibus par- pjtriwchi tibus similem potcstatcm, quam Pontilcx Romaiius in istis Occidcntalibus. Imperator etiam f;;'',^,^J;; Constantinopoliianus creat eorum patriarchani, & iiistitiiit pro sua voluntatc Archiepis- copos, & Ejiiscopos, & confcrt dignitates, & bcnclicia, similiter iiiuenta occasione destituit, deponit, & priuat. C A p V T. 4. Via tarn per terras quam per aquas i\ Constantinopoli vsque*Acharoii. •VeiAchon A Constantinopoli qui volucrit ire pedes, transibit slatim nauigio Brachium Sancti Georgij (piiul satis est striitum, ibicpie ad Kuphinal quod est forte castrum, inde ad Puluereal, & hinr ad casira Svnopolu. V.\ tunc intrat Cappadociam, tcrram latam sed plenatnaltis montibns, dtiiide Turiiani ad portiim Theueron, & ad Ciuitatem ila dictani, nunc muiiitam firmis tur- ribus, ac muris, per quam transit fluuius Reglay. Postea transiiur sub Alpibus Noyremont, & per valliN de Mallenlirinis in dislricto Rupiiun, ac per villain Doronarnm, & alias villas adiacentcs (liiuijs Reglay, & Ciranconi.T, sicque peruenitnr ad Aiitiochiam minorem super Reglay, qn.'c voratur nobilior Ciuitas Syria; : Notandum autem qu6 scripsit, intitiilabntur ad Colossenses. Ab hoe loco naiiigando in t^yprum, aspicitur absorptio Ciuitalis Sathaliic, sicut olim Sodonia diciiiir pcrij^se, propter vnicum crimen eonira naturam a qiuxlam liiiune pelulante com- nii-sum. Seic'.iduni quod a Rli< ri, laffr. Prtfiui Tyii, ■liii &\», Achon,olim Acturon. Mons Cirmrli Fouj ficlron. multitudo viiirn* in «B"s. Cypri Tacit diligeniiiUiini^ ciiKtodiri: Vllri\ mnclum Tortiavina na<«cuntur inCyprn, qiiic primo nihra, post annum albcNnint, & quo vrtUNtiora, c(i albiora, ac. majjis odorifera, ar fortia effl- liuntur. Vlterii^ii paucidsimae villa;, aut Ciuitatcx sunt ('hriMtianoriun, cd fer^ omnia Saracrni pojisidrnt infideles: ct proh dolor, ab Anno liiOO. in,ain esse spiraeulnm maris arcnosi, de quo mari aliquid lonilunis sunt in seiiuenlibus, Ab Aeon via versuH lerusalem bifurcatur: nam qui tenet vnum latus potest ire serus lordanem fluuiinn, in Ciuiiatem Damasi urn, qui veru aliud, ibit in tribus aut (juatuor dielis (ia/am,de qua olim fortis Samson asporiauit nocte fores portarum : deinde in Ciesaream I'liilippi, iV AsialnneiU, iV loppam porliun su|)radiclum, Hincque in Kama, iV Castelluni llinaus, \' sic in lerusalem xrbem sacroitanclam. (" A r V T. r». \'ia a Francia aul I'landria jier solas terras VNque lerusalem. ITincribus, (pin' per terra>, »V per marc a no-tris jiartibus due:int in terram promissina tributa. I>t aulcm h.xr prima Tartaria terra mi-cra &• sabulosa, iV: iiifructuo-a: hoc enim scio, quod per ali(|M(i(l teinpiis •iteti in ea, & pcraminilaui Insuias, re^ioncs, tV terras circumiat elites, scilicet, Hus^ia-, Iiidau, Craco, I.altoii, Uestau, iV alias uonnuilas : crcscunt iiamque in isia Tartaria mi'dii a blada, panca vina, a iibitos, plena vitriim. I'ro opi! & procul, 11 fosna vcntiis v'itriiin cic har nerct rrusiiiin maris arenosi, ?mbirnrcatiir: ama.s(iim, qui iporiauit noctc I siipradictum. 1 prnmismonw srunduni non n I'agaiioruiii (' in Iiullam: lari.Y, (pii scin- , rxrcpto Iin- buH, ali<|iinnto iMimus semper in.i^'na tril)iita. Slid, cpioil per elites, srilici'f, in isl.i Tarlaria rl)is pro (laxtu iniliiis cilwnj";, nin ctiain paii- i bcsiidlas om- ):ir(i^, vol ])ar- ni:i|)|)is, liritc- aniinil)us S. I. Mandeuil. . TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS. H3 aminibus, aut lineii* indumcntis: Hed nee habcnt copif.m liRnorum, vnde &.- finium boiun, ac omnium bcHtiiirun) deVucatmn ad Holem accipiuntim) i^nis materia, vl)i w ealefaiiunt, & co- quendo eoqiiunt. Aestiuo tempore, tadunt ibi frenuentcr tcmpestaten toniiniorum, lulminQ, & f-randinuni, quibu^ domuH, arborc!*, bestia-, & homineH.comburuntur, euellunlur. & oc- cidunlur. Nam iStquandnque wibrepenti oritur ibi calor immo;eliridij, quod ad introitum cius sunt tren dicta:, dc via molli, aqualica, & proluiida, ill qua dum viator putaret sc stare securum, profunderetur in lutum ad tibias, ad ucniia, ad' femora velad rcnes: hoc ergo sciendum qu6d paucissimi tcndunt per banc yiam in terrim'promiM-iionis: Nam iter cstgrauc, distortum, longum, & periculosum sicut audistiii, im6 pcriculosius quikm scribo. C A P V T. fi. Via dc Cypro vcl lerusalem vsquc in Babyloniam /ligypti. DE-cripto sirut potui triplicittjritinere in terram sanctam, reslat viderc de duabus alijs vij.«, (iiiiB ineider.ler solcnt cnntingerc jjeregrinis : Multi namquc illorum ex speciali deuoiione desidcrnnt visitare osna beatissimac Virginia Cathariniu in monte Sinay: Cum igitur ipsis sit nercssarius Scdilani Babyloni.-e conductu^ eo quod Impcrjtor sit, & dominus omnium illarum tcrnirum, quid.im postq'iiam penieniunt in Cypru tcndunt prim6 in Babyloniam ^gypti, pro impetrando rondiu in scciiro, atque indd pergentes in Sinay vadunt in lerusalem. Quidam vtT6 pdstquam prrfecrrunf perenrinationem Hierosolymitanam, pergunt jier terras ad Solda- num pro cdmluriu, it tnin in Sinay, propter quod vlramque viam breuitcr describo. Dc Cvpro in .1!j;yptiini iiiir per marc relinquendo Hicrosolvmorum terram ad manum sinistram, si accipilur prinuis |inrins .I'lirypti, dirtiis Damiala: ibi quondam Fuit Ciuita^ vald^ munita, scd qiind Christian! illam, primi & altera vice ceperunt, Sarraccni vltimo deslruxcrunt, & aliain remofiiis a iiiiiri eiusdem iiominis Ciuit:item anlilicauerunt : Ilinc vcnifur in portum Alex iiidriii' rg\pti, qua? est Ciiiitas magna, piilehra, it Oirtis valde, sed /ibsq; aquis potabili- btis. Addiu it t.iiiu'n sibi per longos ductus aquam Nili (luminis in cisternis ad |)otaiulum. Alexandria iiobills 'M). stadia lial)ct lon<;itiidinis dec^Miique in latiiiu. In ea restant adhuc plurcs Ecdesiiv ,'i tein])(irc Cliristianoriini, sed Sarraceni nnn sustincntes picturas Sanctorum omnes parietes albauerunl. He Alexandria per terras veiiitur in Babyloniam Mgy\yU, qua; etia fimdaia iaeet supra pr.edii tum Niliim fluuiiim: Diritiir autem ha'c Babylonia minor ad difte- renliam inngp.T nahvloiiin', sine Babel, vbi Deiis linguas confudit olim, qua? tendcndo inter Orientem & Scplentrionem diktat ab ist:i dietas circifer 40. nee est sub poteslatc Soldani, sed Imperatoris I'ersarum, qui illam tenet in liomanin ab Imperatore Cathay, dicto. Grand Can. Iliec autem Babylimin .I'fiypti est Ciuita^i gr.Ulis i"t fortis, tamen vaidd prope cam est alia ma- iiir dicta Ca\r, in qua vt s.epius residet Sdldaiiiis, (pmnquam Babylonia nomen per seculum (lifTusius est cognitiim. Altera autem via perei;iir.oriiin dc Uicrosolymis pro conductii teii- denlium ad Soidamim talis esse potest. Primo leiidant de lerusalem in siipn\ dictam Ga/.am I'alesiiiiorum, incle ad Ca^tclium Dayre, :ilquc ex tunc exitur dc terra Syriir, & intratur ;i su- perior! parte in ilesertiiin longum arcnosuni, iv sterile, propi; ad septem dietas, quod lingua eoruin vocaiiir Abilech: tamen per illud iniieniantur plura hospitia, vbi haberi possunt ad victuin necessaria. Et qui in ruiulo rectum iter tenet, veniet in Ciuitatem dictam, Balbes, qu;c est ad (incin Ilegiii Ilalapi.r: Sicijuc cxpleti) Dcserlo, intratur terra .lilgvpti, quam ipsi CaiKipat vocant, i'\: aiiqui Mersur, atque ex tunc in Babybmiam, & Cayr prjcfatam : In ista veroIJabylonia liabelur pulchra Ecclcsia Mari.T \iri;inis, in loco vbi morabatur cum fdiosuo, iS; losepb tempore suai fugae, & credilur ibi contineri c(>rpus Virginis Barbara?. MoT«» Tiit»- rnrum. Hyemt nracl- pue iter fjciunt pet teirtm. BitiylenU Aciypti* Dimiitaportui Afiypii. Alriindrw Ciyr ciuitas. Abilech desri' lum. m i.i M a C A P V T. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, .v. /. Mandauil. \< 1 ■ ' Ctliphui quid til. 8«riftSoU«nuril Afgypti. Rlchardul Rri An|li«. HdA'atihii ]<. Ctiiui nnmrn ftat M. IiuiHUI id iiarbjim. C A I- V T. 7. I)c Pallatio Soltlani, ac iiiimrrn, &: noininibun proeteritonim Snidanoriim. CAyr riuitas ImporialiM i{> pti; toiiu« ludea?, sicut olim Dauid, & Salomon; llaln|)iii', in terra Mac h- syria", cuius ciuiias Damascus olim eral principalis; Andiiie, quod est rcmium valiit' proien- siim, & cum his ponsidei dominalus omnium Caliphoruni: ad qurclialiir ('haidicorum, & Arabuin, cuius era! seden in ('iuitalc Haidac. Alter Barbarorum & Atlricoruiii, cuius trat sedeii in M.iroco nuper Mare llispaniuv Terlius Ae}{y|)ii : Vm autein Culiphus inter eon, velul inter noK Imperator, St I'apa simul, scilicet, Ddniinus lemporaiium, iV spirilualium. Exactis i^i- turCaliphis circa aniuiin incarnationis Chrisii M.'ri), primus Soldanorinn I'uit nominatus Sara- con: secundus lilius eiiis, Saladin, qui anno I IIH). cum Tiircis totam feri tcrram |)romis>ionis abstulit ;\ Chrisiianis. F,t hub ipio Hichardus l(c.\ An^liie cum alijs principibus Chrisiianis custodiebat passum Hupiuni, nc ille sicut proposueral transire, prolecisset \ltra. Terlius Melachsala, a quo s.jk'Ius I.iidouicus rex Fraixia- captiuabaiur in belio. Quarius Turqucna, qui l{e);ein prjedictu rediini dimisii pro peciinia. (}iiiiuus Melelh. Sexlus Melelhcmes. Sep- timus Ntelec dayr, sub (pio Kdwardiis Ke\ AiiKliic intrauit i um nosiris Syrian), tlamnilicans |ilurimum Sarr.iccnos, Ociauiis Melee salle Nontis KIphi, (pii Anno Incarnationis Domini I'iHi). dcstruxit in illis parlibus enormitor Chrisiianos, iV pcnilus oiniies inde fu^aiiil, utque recepii Tripolim Ciuiiatem. Decimus Melethasseras: hie cepil Anno Domini 1291. in octatia paschif Ai charon, fugatis vd occisis ex ea omnibus Christianis. l^xiiuie amis^is Nuccedentiiiin nominibtis, sextUN decimus diiebatur vel diciliir Melee Mandibroii: sub islo sieti e^o perali- quod tempus siipcndiariiis in nuerris suis contra Heiinl sub vno reclore, ipii vocatur Admirabilis: Kt ille solus recipit dc curia taiiUim, .sicut omiiessibi subdili: Nolandum quod nunquam exiraiieus Niiiuius ire permilliliirad Soldanum ni: Nos lamen rarn iiuiiccm i \h /. Mandtutt. urn. c propria Sar- iio f'iilahrli( k, iitn liii){iia Ko- niton-m. I'ro 8i pi (I Nrnii- ■s-ana, &
  • - i^niiriim: Ca- in iiTra Miuh- viildi- protiMi- i'kI (|iiuii(l6i|iie li.ilda'oniin, Ik llillt ITilt »«'«l»'!< cnH, vfliit inter 1. K\arti>< i^j. inminalus Sara- im proniiH.si(ini^ l)tiM ('lirisliani!< sitra. TiTliu«i arms Turiiiicna, •k'lhenirs. Si'p- iin, (lainiiiliranH lalioiiis Doiniui ■ ru);aiiit, ut(|Uc- I2*JI. ill iictatia is siici'odontiiiin itcii t'jjo prrali- (■ris rt'licllabanl. : si( lit vfraciler :iKiii> (idtarr pos- qiiaiulo lie par- S piitc»i cdiucro nd fins iu>;itdi' :ia, iS» alijs tcrris, leraliilfs. Miles III) tali Nlipeiidio milituin ordiiiali ia taiitiim, sinit itiirad Soldaniim )l)iliiini Sarrarc- otias, >iue alibi, ere, sij;iiiim est K iisieiuliint, cir- ijezas, iV,: in:irkji> >ratori displiicat. IS huiniius per- & ('(Ultra e>>riini laniim vniiin vc- iiqiie lirca se rc- No.t taiiien rarn iiuiicem i S. /. Mandeutl. THAIFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 85 iniiiccm conuenimiw ad coll(i(|iiiiiin, e<\qu(Wi meuin ncruiiium eum suo nindirumcotigruebatt lonno aiilcm poN|ei\ tempore, & al) iilo lino remote, videlicet in Leodij i iuitate, rompoNui liorlatii & adiiiforio eiiii ddinim plena CuriiiH paruio, in quibus per riHindcM domiot tarn liycmc qiuW iisiatc foucnfnroiia Kallinaruin.analiiin, auiariiin, )k coliimliarum, vsqiic pd M»'°^""'^'" pnicreatioiuin suoruin piilloriini, Si liijs iiiteiidiiiil, pro ccrto prctio accipiendo ;\ inulicrculia °'"'' illir oiia t'erentibiis. C A p V r 8. I)e Cainpo Dalsaini in F.gypto. i;Xtra hanc ciiiitatem Cayr, est rampus sen aijer Ralsami : cirta qnod sciendum, qu(W optiiniiin tdtiiis imindi RaUamuni in majjuo • rescit Indioe deserlo, vbi Alexander Magnus di- BiiMmum I itiir quondnm lociitus I'uisse arl)oribus Solis ^ lain.T, de quo in scqiientibus aliquid est icrilieiidiiin. lllo itaipie Iiidiic Kalsanio duntaxat exrepio, iion est liquor in vniurrso orbe, qui luii<' iiie pri'pc. sine rcmotji plantanliir. (pianiiiis fortt^ virenf, ^ cxuij»ant, non lamcn rriictilicant. Va t" { (intrario apparel hoc mira( iilo<,'C|>ius iuras per corliies in lli;n(i, \ ex \ulneribiis nalxamiim lachrymaliir, quod in \as- ciilis siiscipiiinl, (aiientes (|iidiit piis>unl, ne tpiid dc illd lalialiir in terram : Nam si dc ferro, vcl alio nu'ialld licret incis>inM, liipior Halsami corriimpcretiir i\ sua virlute. Veri Halsami vinuinviti virtutcs -lint inai;n:c (piiilcni, i\ iiinunK'rosic : ram \ix aliqiiis niortaliiim scire poliiit omnes, ^'^"""^ tpninuis inter I'lwsiid- (jiiini|iia'^iiit i ^i rili.int r. H irA Nliipic S'arraccni venilnnt Chri^tianis piiriini \' vcriini llal-amiiin, (piin priiis < oininJM'canl, iV ral-ifiianl siciit e^oipsc frcciiicntcr villi. Nam aliipii tiriiaai, snqnaii.nn partem iinmi-'i'cnl tericbynlhin.x-. Alii ramusciilos s„„h,„uj,ionci arl)ii«lartim, & IVin iii» eorniii cuquiini in nleo, quod veiidiint pro Halsamo; & qiiiilam (quod Ujiumi. pcssiniiini c»l) nil li.iNanii halx iiics, tlistillant ilcimi, per » laiid( it tc sopliisticatiim. Item »i posucris modi- cum veri Hal-ami in maims |ialiia, non [xitcris -ii-lincrc cam linialitcrin ferimro splendentis Solis ad •.paeiiim n I iianil.e I), ininiiic driiionis Item -i in claia flamma iunis vcl candelu) «ereie miscris punctiim c illcHi ciir.i fjnila ptiri ll.ilsami. ipsa nulla de facile combiiretur. Item si in seiitclla inunili cum puro lai le raprino posucris miMlieum veri Bilsami, siatim, misccliit sc, iV vnietiir eiim lai te, ita\t Halsniiiuin non coj;noscelur. Item ^ contra, si po- sucris vcriim Mals.imuni (iini a(|!ia I.yinpida, ninupiam misccbit sc aqiue, etiamsi aquam mo- ueris Ncliciiicnler, in o Hai'-.imiiin »( nipcr tciidit ad rnnilum va«is, iiain c-t in siii ipianlitatc valdti pondcrDMiiii, \; iiixta ipiod niiiiiis poiideruMim inuencris, ampliuti falsilieatuin noiieris. A r V T, Td I t 1 ,1 .?» '>' "!' IS't I, ■W ! M |. ;f J ■M,^. ' V 'ti 86 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandeuil- Inundatio Nili. Raroin Aegyplo Nubli. Phoenix viti » Mdndeiiillo. M(cbi Liter* Soldini in gratiim Man- dfuilli wvn'.tiix C A P V T. 9. De Nilo fluiiio, & Aegypti tcrrilorio. Nllim RupHk (lictus fluuiiis Aegypti appcllatiis est alio nomine Gyon, cuius origo est i\ I'a- radi.so terrestri. Hie venit currens per deserta liuiit Dontinus. V A r V 1. 10. De conductu Soidaui, &: via vs(jue in Sinay. PRius dictum est de reucrcntia Soldani, cpiando mI ipsum inlratur exhibenda. .'sciendum crg(\ cum ab co jjctitur sccurus conduciu-, iieniini denr;j;;ire consucuit, scd d.ilur petenti- bus communiter sigillum eiu-i, in appeiulitione absque Uteris: Ikx- sigiiluui, ()ro vexilln in virga aut hasta dum peregrini fernnt, omnes S.irraccni videntes illud ficxis genibus in terram sc rcuerenter inclinant, & pcrtantibus oinnem exliibmt humanitatem. Vcrumtamen satis maior tit reuerentia litcris Soldani sigillatis, quod & Adniirat;iles, & quicunquc alij Domini, quando eis monstrantur, antequam recipiant, se nuiltnni inrlinani: Dcinde amhabus manibus eas capientcs potuint super propria cajiita, postci (siulanlur, it tandem legunt inclinaii cum magna veneralione, quibus semel aut bis |)crlcclis, oflernnt se promptos ad e\|>lendum qiiicquid ibi iiibetur, ac insuper exhibont dci'cronii, quicqnid possint commotii, vel honoris: scd laleni conductum per litcras Sdldani vi\ quisquam prrcgrinoruni accipil, qui non in Curia illius stetit, vel notitiam apiid ilium habucrit. Kgo auiem habui in recessu meo, in quibus etiam continebatur ad omnes sibi subicctos speciale maiulatum, vt me permitterent inlrarc, & rcspicere singula loca, pro niea* placito voluntatis, & mihi exponercnt quorum- cuncpie locoruni mysteria distint-t^ tS; absque vllo velamine vcritatis, ac nu; cum onini soda- litalf nica benign^ reciperent, & in cunclis ratinnalibus audircnl, requisiti aniem si necesse forct de ciuifate conduccrcnt in ciuitatem. Habito ilaque peregrinis conductu, ad Montcm Sinay potest ;\ Cayr vnam duarnm incipere stmilarum, vsque vallem Helim, vbi adliuc sunt duodecim fontes aquarum. Nam vna viaruni est, vt pcrlranseat passagium maris rubri, non long^ h • •• /. Mandeuih igo est A Pa- icatiis Mibter- iaiii, & Mau- Alexaiulriam. d qiiindcna;^ & inundare. decrescere, & e per iiumda- similiter dum )arent nubes, jypti coniinel deserli : h fi- li, sed nigri, inos quingen- er miraculum idi diiabus vi- n iiabens cro- lersuin c rocco ter vidcntibus fruciificanfcs. i preliosi, A jnt lacrib, & estaiidum ra- (hI ibi vocaiur lod Imperator a. Scicndiiiii latiir pctenti- pro vcxilli) in ibiis in terrain imtamcn satis c alij Domini, )al)us inanibiis glint inclinati id explondiim i, vol honoris : t, qui non in ressii meo, in * ptTiniltcrent ■ri-nt quoruni- nn oiniii snda- l«'in si iKH'essr 1. ad Montcin bi adhiir sunt aris rubri, non f ■■»■ S. I. Mnndeuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 87 longfe ab eodem loco, vbi olim popiiliis Israel Duce Mose, Deo iiibente, siccis pedibns tran- sijf idem mare. Quod quidem. Vicbt aqua sit satis clara, dicitur ibi Rubrum propter lapiilos, {'"^"'J.'JJ.^j'- & arenas subriifi coloris: & continet ibi nunc temporis passus maris in latitiidine fer6 sex .ppcUatur. leucas. Transmissoque niari, ibit super banc longi; ab oris eiusdem per dicias quatuor, atque ex tunc relinquens mare, tcndit per dcserta sex aut septem dierum, vsqne in vallem praefa- tam. Alia est autem via, vt de Babylonia intret Dyrcen deserta, tendens ad quendam fon- tem, quern dicitur Moses lecis^e : & hinc ad riuulum Murach, qui quondam, Mose impo-^''**""- nente lignum, ab amaritudine dulcescebat, & sic tandem in premissam vallem perueniant. Et restat via grandis dicta; ad Monfem Sinay ab hac valie. Nam a Babylonia vsque in Sinay, Kstimatur esse via diiodecim dictarum, qua:nuis nonnulli citiiis perueniunt Hoc vcr^ sci- endum, nemincm percgrinorum per hacc deserta sine ductore posse tendere, cui nota sunt via;, sed nee cqui valent transirc, praccipu^ qutVl non inucnirent in desertis quid bibcre, Aliquo tamen modo transitur per Camelos, c6 qii6d se continere possunt de potu duobus aut AMtintmu Ci- tribus diebus : Et oportet vl itiucrantes ferant secum per viam necessaria ad victum proprium, "„°'"""'' & Camelorum, nisi quod interdum fortii Cameli aliquid sibi abrodere possunt circa cortices arlni-iiotum, & folia ramusculorum. C A P V T. II. De Monasterio Sinay, & reliquijs beala: Cathcrinte. M())i-i Sinav ai)pel!atur ibi di'scrtiiin .Syn ; quasi in radicc montis istius liabetur Cocno- biuMi Monaciiorum pcrgraiidc, cuius riausura in circuitu est (irmat.i muris alfis, & pnrtin ffiTcis pro iiiftu bestiaruin dcscrti. Ili Moiiachi sunt Arabos, & Graeci, & in magiio con- iiciiiu, multiiin Deo dciioii: viiiiint in magna ab-^tincntia, vteiites simpliribus cibariis, de lotis iCr (inrtvlis, & litiiusinodi, nee vinum potaiUcs, testis exceptis. Illic in Ecrlrsia Bcata? Vir- »;inis &: matrix Calhcrin.-e semper lumpadcs plurima- sunt ardentcs, nam habetur ibi plena copia oici ()liu;irum. A posteriori parte magni altaris monslratiir locus, vbi Moysi apparuit Doioiiius in rubo ardentc, ipsum riibum adbuc seruans, quern dum monachi intrant, semper se disealreant gratia illius vcrbi, (|uo Deus iussit Moysi ibidem, Soluc ealcia'nentum de pe- dibns tiiis, locus eiiim in (|U() sia^, terra sanctacst: hunc locum appellant Bezelcel, id est, vmiira Dei. Et proiJi' altare Irlbus gradihus in altitudiiie, habetur cap>a, sen Tumba Ala- basiri, sanelis-ima cnntinen-i oss i Viri;iiiis. ("hristiani qui ibidem morantur, cum magna reuerentia aduenientilius pere;;riiii'', a Monaehoruni pnelalo, seu ab alio in hoc instiluto, ex- cijiiuntur. Is quodam in^lriiinento argciiteo eonsueuit ossa defricare, sine linire, vt ex iis exeat niodieu olei, vclut paru'niicr sudoris, (piod tamen non apparet in colore sui tanquain olei seu Hals:nni, sed aii(|u intuluin i)!uris imgiiitudinis. Et ex isto iradilnr interdum aliquid petenlihus perejirinis, sed parum, quia ncc iniilliiiM cxudat. Ostendere solent iV capiu ipsius Catherine cum inuolumento san^uinoKiito, I'v inullas pr.i-terea sanetas, 8c veneral)ilcs rcli- »pii.is, qiue omnia iniuitiis «u:u dili^enter iK: lalum, vel de ca'lo inuei.itiir nii-^us lireuiciilus super altare, in>i(ri|itiun habens nomeii prielati futuri. Infra banc Ecrlesjam luincjiiam mu>ca, velatanea, aut huiusmodi im- mundi vermicidi nascuntur. oi nicidi nascuntur, quod similiter p.r iliuiniun accidit mu-acMlum: nam antt" replc- bafur Ecclesia talibus imminulitiis. ^S; tniiis loruienttis recciloret ad ci trucndam Ecclesiatn nlio 1(1 •o. Et ecce Dei gcnctri\ vi.i^obeata eis visibiliter obiiiauit, iiibens rcuerti, & di reus iuuiquai\i l'cclesi;nn sintilibiis inl'estari. In ciiii )UI. aliiiH, per ciu-dem monlis ascensum est vetus III mi m m .1 I VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Matideuit. ■ h. i l.\ iSi 'fi Capella, quam vocant Elia> Prophcta:, & loriim specialiter appellant Horeb. A cuius latere in montis appendentia colitur vinea, quam noininant losnac scophis dc qua quidam putare volunt, quoid Sanclus Joannes Euangclistn e.i'n primo plantuuit. In supcriori verd montis verticc, est Capella, quam dicunt Moysis, & illic rii|)is scrunns adiuic corporis cius formani impressam dum se abscondit, verilus dominum respicerL- in facie. Locus quoq; ibi ostendi- tur, in quo Deus tradidit ei decem mandata, siue legem pruprio digilo scriptam, & sub rupe cauerna, in qua mansit ieiunus diebui* 40. Ab hoc montt- qui vocatur Mosi, restat via pro- ducta ad quartam Leurae, vsque in montem qui diiitur Sanclse Catherinac per vallem spe- ciosam, ac multiim frigidam. Circa eiiis medium iuibctur Ecclcsia, nomine 40. Martyrum conslructa, vbiinterdum veiiiunt Monachi cantaie niiserii Sin a|>pcllatiir. Surdcscrttun inter mare Rubrum, & soli- tudincm Sinav. Dcsertum Sur idem Siriptura quod & Cades. Vinilatis igitur^ pcrcgrinis his sacrosanctis memorijs, tSc valcfacto Monachi-i, rccommendant sc roriim orationibus, Sc meriiis: tiincque sole( aliquid victiialium ofli-rri pcrcffrinis, pro inchoanda via deserti Syria; versus; Icnisalcni. Et siciit dixi dc priori descrlo, sic iicc i.-lud sccur^ est peragranduni absque Drngeiiiijs, id est, .semilarum ductoribus, propter vastitudinem dcserii. C A !• V T. la. Itcr;\ dcerto Siiiay vsque ad ludirani. PEr istud latum & longum dcsertum, moratur vcl poiius vagata maxima multitudo roalo- rum, & incompositorum homiiium, qui non manent in domibus, >cd sub pellium tabcrna- culis, quemadmodum & olim lilij Israel in eodcm dc»erto anibulaucrunt, quoniam aquae non manent ibi diu in locis ccrli>; & idco mutant talxruacula scquei.tis aquas: non colunt ter- ras, raro maiidutant panem, scd lantiim carnes be^tianim dc-erti (|uas venantur, C' queiitcs super pctr.is cjicfactas ad Solcm : I'drtcs sunt iV fence-, iV vclui dcsperati de vita propria non curantes. qui licfct non habc.int anna pr.Ttiriaiico.ini, & tarchiam, & caput grandi albo iinteolo inuoliitum, lamcn ncn \crentur c.xorccrc guirras, A: inire proelia cunfra Dominum suum Soldanum : nam & cg(i>iipciuliarius in expcditionc Sddnni centra eos sapius fui. Isti sunt quidem Arabes, scd noiinri nomine appclLintur Hcilovns & Acopnrs, & qunmuis plu- rima mala agiint per dcsertum, rar«) tamen nocent |/crc^riiiis bcntae Virginis Catharina;. Ita- que peregrinus qui debitum tenuit iter, \eniat a (inil)us de-crti in prim.im ciuitatem ludcae, foinnti M»niif- quac dicitur Pcrseba : est vicus i:randis Ilvbron imle niiliario vergens ad Austrum: Hieninv' mus. Notandum, Thcros Mons Dei in rcgii ne Majjlaw iuxta Mcntem. Notandum similiter, Arabiam in desertn e-se, cui iungitur Mons, & dcsertum Sarraccnonun, qi.od vocatur Phaaran. Mihi autem videtur, quod diiplici nomine, tunic .Mons Sinay, nunc Oreb vocatur. Ilicrony- mu.s. Phaaran nunc oppidum trans Oreb, iam iunctum Sarraccnis, (jui in s litudine vagi per- errant. Hos interfccerunt (ilij Israel, cum de Monte Sinay castra moui.ssent. Est ergo, \t dixi, trans lordancm contra Au-tralcm i)laj;ani, <.^ distat al) IlcKn, contra Orientem, itinerc dierum trium. In dcscrto autem Phaaran, Scriptura ccmmemoiat liahita«se IsTiaelem, vndc & Ismaelitai?, qui nunc Snrraccni, I.e^imus quoque ('liodcrl.ionicr pcrcussissc eos qui rrant in de.serto Phaaran quod ninic dicitur Ascalon, i*C' circa earn Hegio I'.Jcstiiorum. Hierony- mus. Max Bershcba erat bona iSc spectabilis, vliinio tempore Christianorum, & adhuc ibi restant nonnulla; Erclesie. Ilinc ad Leucas duas venitur in ciuitatem Hebron, it Hebron ab Helvn distat ad Meridia- CiuiibHtbron. Ham plugam millibus circitcr Ji). dequa le>;itur, quud primis temporibusfuerit iiabilatio riMxi- inoruni Giganlium, Uegumque, postca Dauidis. In hac est ilia -pcliinca duplex, J i.ii de tai I. Mandenil A cuius latere ]uidain putare verd montis >< cius rormaiu q; ibi ostendi- 1, & sub rupe restat via pro- cr vallein ape- 10. Martyrum altior Monte us sanctissimae erto aepulturx idicus aceruus inay, eo qudd ibrum, & soli- ur^ pcregrinis orationibus, Sc a deserti Syria? t peragranduni nultitudo malo- Uium tabcrna- niain aqux noii non cdlunt tcr- mir, c queiites le vita prdpria iput <;raiidi albo (intra Domiiuiin sa pius fui. Isfi & <|iiamui>i plu- 7atharinx'. Ita- ■iiiitatcm ludrae, •triim: Uifnm\- andum -imiiiicr, vocaturPliaaran. atiir. Hicrony- tudine vagi per- il. Eft CTf!,i\ \t rientem. ilincrc Isnaelcm, vnde <»c COS qui rrant )ruin. Hieroiiy- ini, & adhuc ibi listat ad Meridia- it habiialioniaxi- pl( \, istili|iie atrutta piilchra Kcclcsia. S. I. Mandenil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. SO '"At., '.V> 4 :\r]>f.. Ecclesia. Sarraceni appellant istam speliincam Kariackaba, ciistodientes locum diligenter ac re- ucrcntcr propter honnrein rairiarchanim, &. non pcrmitlentes quenquam Chrixtianorum aut luilre >ruin inijredi, nisi o-tendcrit super hxr sperialcm ^ratiatn ;\ S Idano. Nam ip^i fom- muniter npiitant fam Christianos quam lud.cos pro caiiibus, & quando despectii.i: tos volunt appcllarc, dicunt Kvlp, id est, cani<. Ab Hi-bniii incipit valli^ Nfainbr.e, qii.x pntcidit'.ir fere vsq; leru^alem : hand rciimtii ad vaim Mami>r.<- Hebion est mons .Mambrc, & in ip-o inonte arixir (]iierciis arid,x>, qua: pro aniiquiiate sui, c jjcr villas defertur venalc. Sed & hoc " aiidiui, qiuVl nidia il)i fossa ita valet cxhauriri, si dimittalur per annum, quin inucniatur de pra;dicla (Jambil impleta. yVd duas leiicas dc Hebron, nionslratur sepultiira Loth lilii fralris Abrah'i. Ite de ciuitale HcljrC) per quinquc Icucas amocni itincris, hoc est, in media die, venitur in Bethleem Iudc;e. Notandu, Arbc, id est, quatuor, primum dicam de eo quod ibi tres Patriarchse Alirahani, '^'"■'•'" Isac, & lacob sc|)ulti sunt, & Adam nia^nus, vt in Iiidajorum libro scriptum est, licet cum quidam conditum in loco Cal.iarinc suspicentur. Corrupt^ in nostris coditibus Arboth scri- bitur, alibi eratarljor cinn in Hebra;is lejratiir Arbe, hxc est autem eadeni Hebron olim Me- tropolis Philistinorum, ab vnofilioriim Caleb sortita vocabulum. Capvt. Hi. De ciuitate Bethleem, & semita vsquc in Icrusalem. BKthleein Ciuitas l'inj;a sed pariia, (irmata est vndique fossatis fortibus : cuius inodo ha- bitatores qua-i omncs «unt C!:ristiani. In ilia ad oricnicn honesta, & placida habetur Ec- clcsia: (lU'-icioan alicpiam eiu^dcm quantitatis viderim placentiorem,) extrinscciis habcns turres sallauiras, pinn.icula, & jiropunnacida nobili artificio fabricata, & intrinsecus 44. dc marmorc dcKiro < olumnas. Ad j)rincip:dis aulem lurri- dextram in descensu 16. graduum, est diuiTsori) Iocin, vbi ex intacia iSc bcncdicta Virjjinc iia-ccbatur Christus homo Deus. Hie locus est multiiin artiliiiose opcratu-. mannore, I'v <;cncrosi; dcpictiis auro & ar<(ento, va- riocpuT colore, ciii prope ad tre-i pa^sus est pra'-^epe in quo reclinabatur natus Dominus, ibi(|ue videtur piiteus quidam, in quo aliqui putare volunt cecidisse stcllam ductricem trium Ma^.Tum, post cius peiaclnm oflicium. l>t etiam ante pra'-cpe Domini, tumb i hcali Intcrpretis Ilieronymi, & extra Ecclesiam moslratur cathedra, in cpia residere sokhat. Sub cjausura huius ecclcsi.-r ad dextram, per IS. ^radiis ap)).iret I'ossi, a Christi ab Ihrode imjiio oc- cisorum. Hnic a, I quingcntos, vel cilra pedes luibeiur alia Ecclesia nomine Sancii Nicholai, in quo scilicet hno, po>t recessnm .Maiionim be .ta Virjjo tempus sui puerperi) obserunuit. Ihiiiue monstrantur rubra sax.i albis re^-persa maculis, (pu>d simpliciores narrant saxis cue- .,, , nisse de abundantia laitis \ir<;inisab vlju-ilnis cici ii. In via Bethleem ab Hclya milianocon- utemvuiji. tra meridiaiiain plauam iiivla viani ipia- ducit IU)nin, CiMi-.tiani dc Bethleem culunt circa ci- iiitalcm iniiliam copi.un vinearu.n, ;ul potuin siii ipMinim. Nam .Sariaceiii non colunt vineas, .sirraccni non iicc vina vendunl iiique in manifesto bilnint, vit (juod hber legis Mahomet, facit super hoc ^^""ftl'""" '" proliibilioncm, & iiitcrjiretaiur nialtdiciioiiem. De Bethleem in Aiistrnm dnabus l( m is habcinr cl.uislrum Sancta; Charitatis, ibidem suo swcuChatiui. tempore Abhaiiss.T. .A Belhlccm fendendo Icrusalem inuenitur a.' dimidiam leucam Ecclesia, incn'iis li (() .VngeliH ilixit pa-itoribiis, Aninincio sobis gaudiiim magnum, tpiod natus est no- bis .S.iiualnr qui est t'hiisius Dominus. Est ^: lumba liachel Patriarchs, \bi etiam coaccruata iaceni I'-i. sa\a magna, qua.' quidam autumant illic tumulasse lacob, ei\ qutVl Beniamin duo- decimus »ibi lilius nasicliafiir ibidem. Sicque \enitiirin Sanctam Ciiiitatem Icrusalem. No- tandum, Hethd vicu- est 12. ah Helya ad dexlram eunlibus Neapolj, qu.T primum Luza vcv rahattir Sed ex lo t, inporc quo ibat ad leroboam liliuin Nebat, vituli aurei fabricati sunt, vol.. II. N & «imptici' 'ill] f ■k •111 I * M I 90 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. S. 1. Mandeuil. Bciktl, i' i Templum Se- pulchri. Melfch Min- dybton Soldi- Mandpiiillut de hoc dubltal. Pumhl (lodr- r'tidi dc Dulii^n< Pial. 74. 1!. & ii cleccm tribiibus adorata, vocatn ext Bethaiien, id est, Domufn Idoli, qiiiT anti vocabatur DomuH Dei. Icronymiis. Sed & Ecclesia aedificata est vbi dormiuit lacub, pergens Meso- potamiam, vbi & ipsi loco Bethel, id est, dnmus Dei nomen imposuit. Capvt. 14. De Ecclesia gloriosi Sepiiichri Domini in vrbe lenisalem. lEnisalem cum tota terra promJHsionis, est qiia^i vna de quiiu|ue j)rouincijs vcl piuribus, quibus Regnum Syrite distinguitiir. Iiingittir autcm lud.ca ad Oricntcin Kckho Arabiae, ad meridiem Aegypto, ad Occidentem marl magno, & ad Aqiiiloiiem Regno Syria;. ludeae terra per diuersa tempora i\ diiier>is possessa fail nationibus, Canana-orum, Iiid;corum, Assyriorum, Persanim, Medonun, Macedoniim, Graec( rum, Romanorum, Christianorum, Sarracenorum, Barbarornm, Turconint, & Tarfartinim. Cuius rci causa nierii6 potest aestimari, quod non sustinuit Deus magnos peccatores longo tempore permanere in terra sibi tam piacit.i, & tain sanrta. Iiaque peregrinus veniens in lerusniem prim6 c-xpleat siiain peregrinationem, ad reueren- dum & sacrosanctum Domini nostri Icsu Christi sopulchrum : cuius Ecclesia est in vllima ci- nitatis extremitate, ad partem aquilonarein, ciun prnprio sui ambitus niuro l|>si ciuiiali ad- iuncto. Ipsa ver6 Ecclesia est pulchra & rotundan forma; coopertadesiipcr cum tegulis plum- beis, habens in Occidcnte turrim altam & firniain, in paiiimcnii Ecclcsiac medio ad figuram dimjdij compassi habetur nobili opere Latonico aediticalum pariiiim Tabcrnaciilum quasi 15. pedum tam longitudinis qui\m latiludinis, & alliludinis miro arlKicio intiis extr.ique compo- sitinn, ac mulluin diligcntcr diucrsis coloril)us ornatum. Hoc itaque in i'abernaculo seu Ca- pella, adlatusdexinim, contineiur incomparabilis thesaurus gloriosissimi scpulcliri, habenlis iicto pedes longitudinis, & tpiinque latitudinis. Et quoniam in toio habitaculo nulla est apertura practcr paruiun ostiiun, illiistratur accedenlibus prrcgrinis pluribus lanipadibus, (quaruin ad minus vna coram sepulchro iugitcr arderc sold) ingrcsstis. Sciendum, qu6d ante breiie tempus solcbal scpulchnun es>c ingrcssis peregrinis accessi- bile, ad tangenduin & osculandum, sed quia multi vcl edringebant, vcl conabantur sibi ef- fringcre aliqnid de peira -cpulchri, iste Soldaniis Melecli Mandyhron fecit illud conr,d)ricari, vt nee O'iciilari valcat, nee adiri, sed lantummodo inlucri. Et ob illain caiisam in sinistro pa- ricte in altitudine quinque pedum immiir.iri eflracturam pefras sepiiichri ad qunntitatcm capitis hiimani, quod tan(|uani pro >^cpiilchro ibi ab omnibus vencratur, langifiir, Ar osdilatiir. Dicitiir ibi quoque coiumuiiitcr praefatam lampadem coram sepulchro singulis annis in die Sancia* Paraschcucs, hora noiia exlingiii, & in media node I'asclirr sine hiimano studio re- accciuii. Qu"(l (si iia est) cuidens diuiiii benclicii miraciiliim est. Et cpiamuis id pliirimi Chrisfiani simplijL'itcr in magno pietatis merito crce : \bi \ habdiir allarc coiisinictuin, ante quod coii>istiinl luniba- Godefridi de Huilion, & alioruni Hcguin Chri-iianoriim, v conqiii-iirunt sii)i maijnum nnmcn, vsqiie in li"cni sum uli diiraturum. Prop^ ipsius crui ilixiouis locum contindiir Uteris (ira'( is ho( s. riptum : >ei9( Bitciuli'rj.^>m^aiMinufyittna rtmfMi i. f((-, \!;i (Tuxsanda stelit cum Chrisio ri pi iiilixa, hab(iurhoc exarafum ' >(a< iri S^ati Tii< ir>ri»< T-i niofUM, hoc cst, qiioil \ Iclcs fuiidameutum est lidei mi ndi. Uaud 'v% S'. /. Mandeuil. e ami vncabatur . pergena Me«o- 'ijs vol pluribus, Kill) Arubise, ad ri;«;, ludeae terra um, Assyriorum, Sarracenorum, ininri, quod non 1 plarita, St tain cm, ad rcucren- est in vltima ci- ipsi riuitali ad- im tcgiiliR plum- nedio ad (igiirain iciiliim quasi 15. rxtraque coinpo- ern.iculo sen Ca- piilrhri, haiienlii) jitaciilo nulla est bus hinipadibus, cri'grinis arcesHJ- naliantur sibi ef- llud conr.iljrirari, im in sitiisiro pa- unntitntcm capitis &' osdilatur. jjulis aiinis in die umano studio rf- iiamuis id piiirimi ["St in sus|>:«ione. ndi) rmoiunicnta 'asrhrr, trihus his iaiiis ■loiilibus ac- , jiropi^ parictcm Pit gradus asccn- ■r l(v a commixta, iiir.is Christi dici- il'.T Godcfridi dc s Dumiiii, IKK). virracenoruni, »^ m. Prop^ ipsiiiK II in ini'dio tcrrac. ur hoc cxaratum n c^l fidci mi. ndi. Haud S. 1. Mandeuil TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Haud remold ab hoc Caluariae mntite, habctur & aliud altare, vbi iaret rolumna flagellafi- oni-i Domini, cui slant de propinquo & aliae rolumnae qnatuor de Marmore aquam iugiterre- Kudaiifes, & (secundi'im opinionem simplicium) passionem innocentem Ci.ri>ii deflente-. E^t sub i-lo altnri < rvpta, 42. graduuni profunda, vbi sancta Helena Hegina reperit tre.i cruces, videlicet Cnristi, A: latronum cum eo trucifixorQ, ac ctiam clauos crucis Domini in crypfsc pariete. Ill medio a\item chori huius Ecclc^ia?, est locus pauimenti stratus m\rh & pulchre, ad in- tciira cf»pa'i?.i figuram, vbi depo."iiQ corpus Christi de cruce Joseph ab Aramaihia cum suis ad- iutiribus lauit & codiuit aromatibus. Itc infra Ecdesiam :\ septentrionali parte ostenditur locus vbiChristus Magdalensc apjiaruit post suam resurrectione, quandocum credidit hor- tuiaiium. A dexiro autcin latere ad ingre.ssum Ecclesias, habentur gradus 18. sub quibus est Capella Indcruin, vbi soli j)eregrini dc India per sacerdotes suos cant.mt iuxta ritum suum Missas, ce- lebrantquc diuina. Missam faciunt quidem brcuissimam, conlicientes in principio verbis debitis sacramentum corporis & sanguinis Christi de pane & vino, ac postea paucis orationi- bus additis, totuin oratione Dominica coiicludunt oflicium. Hoc autem vcrum est, quod cum maxima altentionc, reiicrentia, humilitale, & deuotione .se genint, & continent diuinis. Porru illud, quod quidam peruiilgauerunt, aut opinnti sunt, ludaeam aut Jerusalem, vel Ecdesiam istam consisierc in medio totius mundi, propter praedictam scripturam, (in medio terra.')hoc intelligi non potest localiterad mensuram corporis terrae: Nainsiadterraelatitudinem, quani n'slimant inter duos polos, respiciamus, certum est liida;am non es.se in medio, quod tunc essetsubcirciilo Aequatoris, & e.sset ibi semper ajquinoctium, & vtrumq; polornm starct iis in horizotc. Quwl viiq; nO est ita, quod existelibiis in Judaea eleuaturmulti)m polus arclicus. Kursiis si ad terrae longitudinem spcctemus quae aestimari potest a Paradiso lerrestri, sci- licet i\ digniori & latiori terra; loco, versus eius Nadir, scilicet versus locum sibi in Sphasra terra" oppositum, tunc Judaea e^set ad Antipodes paradisi, quod apparct ita non esse, quod tunc cs«ci vi.itori de luda'a ad l'aradi.sum teiidentis a'qiia itineris mensura, sine tenderct ver- sus Oiicntcin, sine versus Occidenlcm. Sed hoc luui est vcrisimile iicc verum, sicut proba- tum constat per experientiain muitorum. Mihi autom vidctur, quod pracfala l^rophetas scrip- tura, potest exponi, in medio terra-, id est, circa mediiiin nostri habitabilis, videlicet vt Judaea sit circa medium inter I'aradisum & Antipodes J'aradisi, distans tantum ab ipso Paradiso in orientc \)(t. gradibiis, print ego ij)se per viain orientalcm tentaiii : quaiiquam de hoc non vi- dctur de f.icili plena certitndo haberi ; eo qu6tl in longitudine cocli nulla: stell.T maiient im- niobiles, sieut in latitiidine nianent poli semper li\i. Vel potest ita exponi, qi!6d Dauid qui rrat Kc.x liidciF, dixit in medio terrae, hoc est, in principali ciuilate terrae ■.uae Jerusalem, qux eratciiiitas regalis, sine sacerdotalis terra; IiidetB: vel Cortti spiritus sanctus, qui loqueba- tur per os proplietn; in hoc verbo vult intelligi non corporeum aut locale, sed totum spiritu- ale, de quo intuitu nihil ad pru.'scns est scribenduin. Capvt. 15. De tribus jlijs Ei clcsijs, & spetialitcr de teniplo Domini. VLlrii duo stadia ab Ikdcsia ad .Meridiem san( li scpiih hri habetiir magna hospitale sancii Joannis Ilierosolyniitani, qui caput Si fundamcntum e.ssc digno.scitiir ordinis hospitalioruni niodo tenuiitiiim Jdiodum nisulam : in (juo rccipi pos<.iint omnes Christiani pcregrini cuiiis- i unqiie sint condilionis, scu status, vel dignitatis. Nam Sarraceni pro leiii cura anxij ru- innrls, prohibent tie apud iiuenquain suorum Chrisiiamis pernoctet. Ad sustentationcm aedilicij hiiiiis hospitalis, habentur in eo 121-. columna- inarmorea'.Sc in parietibus distincti 54. pilarij. Saiis prop6 huiic locum in orientcm, est Ecclesia qiiin diciiur, de Domina nostra magna: & ind^ non remold alii, qua; dicitur nostric Dominic latinoru, aedilicata super locum, vbi Maria .Maj;dnlene, & Maria Cleophae cum alijs pluribus, dum Christus cruci artigebatur, debant & dolores lamcnlabiles cxercebant. Jtem ab Iv clesia .S.mcti Sepulchri in oricntem ad stadium cum dimidio habctur milificiuin inirabile, ac pulchrum valdt'", quod templum Domini nominatur, quod constructum est in N y forma n lt«rum tanat ig- nurantiani vulgi. Rcgina Helena Ansla. Indorum CapclU sine suliditonim irKsbiieri loan- nis. An lerusnlem sit in medio mundi. ,1 1 I'' m t I Ml Mi^J !■ i '^ W l'' !'■ ! V w 9S trddit.r NUii* dtuiUo. llJsdlCti. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandeuil. Rrgini ilf'.ftij. Angla. Prol>a':i pii- fiDl. Mom Sion. rnrmn rotunda, ciiius circiimrercntia; diameter habrt (ti riibitos, & altitiido eius 126, & in- trinsi'ciis pro sustcntationc icdilicij, iiuiiti pilnrij. In medio autem templi est locus allior 14'. gradilius, t|ui & ip->e eoluinnis viult'q; est stipatii (luit. In toio cirinitu anlilicij cxtrinsecus est valdfc pro atrio latum spacium luci, str.itum per totutn pauimentuin mannnribus. Hoc tcinpium non diu'ilur stare m eodcni loco vbi tcnipluin Dei stetii in tempore Chri^ti, (pio po.st resurrectio- nem a Roinanis dcstrucio, isiud lonf;o post tempore Adrianus Impeiator extriixit, sed non ad rormam temjili prioris: pni'dictuni tamen cxcelMum in medio Icnipli locum vocaiit ludiei sanctum -anctorum. Sciatis it;iq; qu(")d Sarraceni mannam exhilieiit huic tempio rciieientiam, & honorcm, sas- pius iilud discalceafi intrantes, & positis };enil)us dcuot^ Deum omnipotcniem exoranles, null.i enini ibidem Iiabeiur imano, sed mullie iampades rciuientes. Nemineni Chri>tiaiu)riun seu luda'oium ii);;r< di sniunt hoc leniplu:M, reimtantes cos indif^nis ad lioc, & niniiun) immun- dos, vnde nisi virtutc jitiraru <|uas liabui a Soldano, nee e^o fuis-em inuressus. Iii;;redicns autem cinn meis sodaliiiusjloposuin usca'ciamcnia, recogiiantes cum nuiita cordis deuolione, nos majfis id facere debere, <|niun incredulos Sarracenos. lit \e>i i»te locus in niai^na rruetciitia liabcruliis: liuia porlie spec io-,T, vbi I'elrus ApostoUw, cum Euanin li>ia I ajiiie dixit contractu, In nomine Christi Ic^u Na/.areni surj^e, & statim conso- li(iai>anlMr illi jilania'. ('Arvr. I('». I)e phirilius lijcissacris iuxta vrbem. X'laturo m\ dextram sali- de |ir pinquo habetiir iV alia l^cclesia, qua? nunc appellatur schola Sajomnnis: rinNus<|; ail Meridiem e-t I't aliud templinn -iiie Kcciesia, cpi.T voeatur Temphnn Sijomoni^, quod ohm fcit caput, iSc rundanieniuin totius < rdinis Teinplarionun. A daustro huiu- topli exirin-eciw in .\(|uilonen) liabciur decora Ecclesia beaia* Anna", in cuius loco (icdilor viryo Maria in cin^ilem nialris sii.e \teni I'uisse j;enila, iV concepla, pa- renliiq; iilius, •.ciliicl, loachim I'x Ann.-e, lutnba -axca nu)slralur in descensu Eci le^ia-, |)er 'i'i. uradus, \l)i ^; adiuu' pitri- cIun o»-a pitaiitur quicscerc, sul)lato inde per re;;inam He- li lain corporc »ancl,T Anna', iS: recondilo (\t pra'dicluni est 1 in luclesia Conslantinopoli « 1 ■(tie Sophi.T. l-.-t \' intr.i banc lailc^iain |:roliatica pisiina, \bi quondam |)ost motionem An>:eli, otnnes ac( cdcntes primi, a quo( litu]; lanuiiore sanabantur inlirmi, (|u:e tamen nunc tempori', ita neg- lei la iacct, & ileforinala, M \iditur iinniunila < i^trina. llahctur i*t ante E( ilesiam arbor linndi-,, iSc anii(|ua, de (|ua iu)nntilli labulanlur, (paid ad bcat;e Maria* natiuitalein principimn ac(t|)il, «.\: orlum. MiinsSion t-t cxrcKior locus in \rl)e ad cuius radicem, est caslrii sjjectabile constriictuni per ali(|iieiu SoManortnn. In nKJitlis aiileni (aciunine xidenliir nuiita" sc|)ullura! rej;inn lu- dea', \ide!i(\ I Daiiid, Salonionis, .!x quonind.im de suc( essorilius suis. Ad inlroilnm moiitis halu'lur capcll.i, \: in ilia lapis monnou mi <|ueni loscph dc Arimathca oliuoluit ail ostiu sc- puldiri est \alde niannus, iSc est ibidem aliqua pars (dhimna' (laj;<'llalionis, ac pars inensae sui)cr (|uain l)(>minus vltimo ca-nauit rum Apostidis, iS: insttituit noui Testamcnti sacramen- tu ■1 ;i /. Mandtuil, i 126, & in- iH allior 1 4. |)ki<;as liabet ^rq; !<(ttilpta)), qui quanuii!* fsf valdfc pro nipliim non .t resurrectio- t, ticd noli ad vocaiit Iiidtei hiiiioreni, ste- oraiitrs, luiH.t >ti:iiioriiin sen iiiiiin immun- Iiij;ro(licns \\s (Iciuiiioiie, Salomon pii- asicl, I xorauit audintur; Si narral hi>turia lel extra por- n priini: Nam tcs in iincarum Vpii>.toliis, cum htatiin t'oiiso- unc a|>pellatiu' 1, qu;r Micatur ■m|)Iari()ruin. icata- Anna', in ('(iiicc-pta, pa- I'.ci Iivi.x', per •r rf;;in:im Ho- L'i)n>tantinopoli 1 An<;cll, to opcre siiilpta, dcforiniK-rcpic di Irita, cpiu' manus Ab-^aion nuncupalui', cuius ratio lib. 2. Kegum moii-trattir. Vbi de prnjjti \idi Arborcm S^milnicum, ad quam vel citra cuius locum (vt di- citiir) ludas traditor per sc >u-pi n-us cre|)uit mctlius, & dilliisi sunt sisccra eius. I'ru'lcrca a nionte Sinn \crsU' .Mcriilicm vltra xallcm ad iaclum lapidiscsi locus Accldcma, in quo emptus agcr .30. ilcnarijs |)riHlitio lis ol, Mt in (pui sunt plurcs sC])ulturni peregriiio- rnni. Si. vestigia celiularum, de quondam illic commoraiitibus Hercmitis. Cai'vt. 17. Dp sacri-i loci- extra iniiros Ciuitatis. LXtra inuros ciiiilaiis Icnisalcm a.t valli.s losaphat cotigna, ac si v.iiu loupim. cssci lo-sit.i mrris ipsiiis ciiiil.itis. \- Iun Icsia \l>i s;i>'eruare vrsiijiia anini.ilis in triiiii-. ant pinriiius sni Iccis. Sianm vlira v.illcm lo- phat aspii itiir mons Olaicli, sic di( Ills a pliiribus, quia ibi siit oliuarimi AiIktcs. In planicic liiiius \al!is dec iir- Mom olimrum. rit riiiulns d rtrs lorrcns ("cdnm, .se( us (piein iiabclur pnlibr.i, \ li.noi ilii at.i Kcclcsia sa- TurrcmCcdroo. cri's,iiu iie sepulluiu' boalic, iSc gloriosa; m uris Chii^ii : dc-rrn\ seilieet ludicis fra- ditiis luit Ciiristus a Iiida. In ipa (pioipie nipe osicndcb.iiur mihi ligura impre-sie manus ad digitorum cxi( iisioncm, (piii: artiliciosiiis l.inn.ino studio scu |)i non posset, quam rderunt Cliristu sua veneribili inanu ineliiiando ad niiiem ((1ici>sc dum luda-i imptnas manus ad ca- piendnm iniec eruiit in cum. Ilic ad iactum lapidis in mcridie orauit ad suum paircin, & pro vchemenii oralionis intenlione sangiiineum cMidauit sud' rem ; alc|ue ibi non rcmotf; vi- de'ur liimba lenis Iiii'cica Irsapliat, a quo iV \;il.issil; \allcni C 111 isiiiiii \e:iluiu m nd I iiomeii assiimp» .ii : .Sc credinius in lianc n«'ni-simum, \ generalissimiim iuilicium, v >i (. Iiilieic I' pill fa te^larte) (li^e. ptabit de (iniii aclione moriaiiuni. .Ad tractiiiu sagiltic de liae tiiniba, s- i«al.mpul- st 1 ccle-ia vol s: itu tiis modi) sacrataossa veneraiitur Compostellic in Gali^ia I ')l)iis ma'or A|)osioliis |)rini6 post niarivriiim fuit sepu itii v\ m W if/' Vitra mi 94 VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, S. I. Jlfandfiiil, 'f V ' i B. Inricoi Chnitiani |1C1. Iicobttv. Syrii. »if.iri[iei. CtirdrUnj. Uu\,. Nul)ii. Nfitorini. Vltra vallem in oupremo moiitis Oliiini aiiicciliMiipulis rprnrntiliiH, DuniiiuH iiosior Icsiin Cliri-iiis rli'iinliH manibiii asrcndit in Kriiini, &: -iiprr ciindpin icciirn d jjin liabi'lur I'"rrle-.ia, in qnn riiisctcm Asrensionc lale .serualur in rnpr pauimcnti ii'.dii'iri,({ii(id H.iiHiri pcdiN C'hriHii vidcitir vliimuni vesli^ium, Hiiu- sitis propi; hahctiir & capclla mrdio mnnli^, \\u rhri»tiisHr(lonn prn-diraiiii octo hr- atiltulinCM, vbi & (rrditur dofuissc liisripiilns I'ratinnom Dnniinicain.sciliri't, I'atcr nosier, &c. Ab 0(1 tp:6q; loro non diktat nuillum K«(Ir-:a btat.T Maiur .1'uy|)liar.T, in (pia \ ciuH (nmba viilcUir: & hand pn nil inde est virus lU'lbpiia^r, vlii Chii-iiii!- niisii nnlcpasMo ,\h ^v.sv (em- pus duos de disripuiis pni asina & piillo rius. In cliuci vcio Iniiiis iiioiis Oliiirti vrr-us riui- latcni, innnstrattir lorus, dc quo \idcn.s Doniinus Irru^ali'Ui, Ihuit >iip( r illani, diccns, quod si co};niiui«scs & tu, &c. Atq; vllra nuiiilcni in disccnsu ciiis in orienti'ni i'»t villa siur cas- tcliiun Bcthania', disfans quasi ad Icutam al) vrbe vbi in demo ciilu.sdam Ssmnnij* inuilalu<« C'hristus condonauit omtiia pcctata Mariac Ma^^dalrnsr. lie in ipso rasrello, qumi cral S(;rori« Marthas, & Maria: rosruscitauit Iratrmi c.irum La/nnini quairiduaniiin mnriuuin. Dp Rcthnnia in Icrico sunt 5. Icuiac, cpia? quond.ini fuir riiiiias spi cio^a si-d iani est vilh modiia: ibi Dines Zarrha-us a»rendit in arburcm Syroinoruni, vt viilrret transc-initcm Donii- num, & rr.tilucns fraudala quadruplum, obtinuil percatoruni remissionrm omnium. Itrm (le Helliania ad flnmen lordanisost iter feri^ orio Icurariini, per mantes, ac vallesdc- iiio-, t'v' de.ia, sed modo habetur ibi qua>i (d-nnliiu qi oriidam Chrisiianorcm. (pii Graham palriarc ha ibi diciiur romnicrat'.is, & turrit prope moniem riuulus, in ruius ;i(|iia vel fonte Dens sal per HelizeQ propheiani mitti iu»sii, vt sanaretur sicrililas, id est, ainariitido aqua*. Nee distal hie mons a Icriro vltra iirandem leucann. ,A Capvt. is. Dc iKitabilibu.s alijs locis, & mari niorluo. HVrsum de riuitatc •ianclae Icnjsalcm versus Occidenfem iiinere Icueae. habeiur (Milehra sa- tis Eri'lesia, in loco vlii dicitur crcuissc arbor cruris salutilera-. Arbor exrelsa, digno >ti- pile s.iira Chri>ti mebra taiifjere. Tenetur i-tud ii haiula* exultauit lohannrs in vfero Elisabeth <;raiiida?. De isto quoquc ad letieam est Einaus (usiellum, distans in spatio stadiorii 60. ab lerusa- IcMii, vbi di-cipuli in ca-na ibc resurrcctionis Domini eojinouerant eum in fnclione panis. P( rro ab Icrusalem ad aliuni exitum, ad duo stadia videttir spelunca ^irnndis de qua dicitur Cojdrui impf- qu6i riiii- ilicciis, qiiml villa oiiio cas- ii>i)i.<« iiiiiilatim ind trat s(irori« 111. d iam est villi (■II litem Doiiii- n ill in. '?i, ac xallrs dc- n inajjniini, \hi iiliq; in pidcin siianori.ni. (|iii m, &' Mimiliicr qui licet sint nomiiiibiis, mo- tm diNsentiaiit ik m rcmivsiciifin, 'rmentain pane I in eapiie tini- ra-eonini. Alij S; Arriaiii. in patriarcha ibi ife Dens sal per lap. We di>tat S. /. Matideutl. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 93 leinr pnlchrasu- -ej.na, difftio >fi- nam & lior .satix eripta de eriui>. ucrut sibi \faria uliaiiit lohnnl)r^ it 60. al> Irriisa- frac tioiic paniK. s de (jiia dieitui' Ic mart) rum (proiit dieitur) si eadat in ca hesii.i, vel aliud quid viuens, vix poterit plcnfe mori sine -iuhmor;;! in o( to diebii», ncc niitrit in se pisces aut qu d simile: I,itloia(iii(')quesiia vari.int quanis.Tp^coIorem, & sine vlla anitaiione vrntoriim eijcit in (pii- bii-idam loei> •ti.m()ruin militiam ad tcrram proinissionis cui. De Nazareth, & Samaria. NA/.arcth in prouincia Galilcx in qua nutritiis, & de qua cognoininatus est Dnminiis vni- uersuruni, di>tans ab Ilicrosolymis ail tres eirciter dieta.s, erat quonda ciuitas. qii.r nunc est dispcrsa, & rara doini rum, quod vix \illa^>ilii eompetit nomen; & in loco Annuiiciaiionis, vbi Angehisad Marlain dixit, Aue jjratia plena, Dominus tecum, habebatur olim bona Eccle- sia, pro qua paruum SaiMceiii rcsiitucrunt habitaciilum, in colligcndas percf^riiiorum oHe- rendas. A N.izarcth redcundo per terr.mi Galile.T, transitur per Raniathaym Sophiin, vbi nascel-atiir fidelis Samuel prop!ieta Domini, & per S\ In, vbi locus orationis crat anteqiiam in lerii«a'em: & per Sichcm magiix vberfatis vallem, itur in proiiinci.im Samaria*, vbi habetur &• bona ciuitas nunc dicta Neapolis, distans, ;\ sani ta vrbe vpaeio soliiis diet.T, ac per foiitem lacob, super quern lesU'* fatij:atus ab iiiaero eoUoqucbatur .Samaritanaf, vbi & apparet riiiiia destruc- ta; Ecciesiac quondam illie h biiir. Hi e-t ibi villa adhiie vocata Svehem, & in co est ma so- lemn loseph pafriarel'.T (ilij la-ih' ad i uius os>a visitaiida sub deiiotionc non minus pere- {jrini ludxi adueuiunt, quam Christiuui. Hinc iji i\< f \ iil ( ' «w VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandtuil. Samitii, nunc Scbiiir. Noli. llanul. Ill differentia. lliiic 'alis |)ro|)6 C!«t mnni Carizii) ( iin vrtii^:'nnix ni|)li^t:r, inter sacia ci rpora llcli- 7,.Ti, \' AIkIIh; Proplv laiint, vi <;u Miim a»simi!il)aiiir virditili'.s iii\if,i, r'>rj)i)ril)iii iiii';;i'- rctiir in scpiiltiira. Ilii'C (|iin(|nr di-t.ii ah !lii'rcisiilvini><, I'm' '••< 'i. dicta". Ilah-tiir it aim- piitiiiH aiit Inns i iir:i ilia inonlnia, i|ucni ulcriipio >imilil<'r fiiiitcni lacib a|ipcllant, ruins acjua sccimkIimh ():ia'uor aiiiii lcini)(iva v.iri.w r ;\ sno fiA ti', vt sit (|ii iiiil/)(|; clara, qiiaii(l6qiic tiirl)i(la, nunc viridix, ^ nunc n bra. ('(i:iiincst antcm tcinpcrc A|)"si()- lorii cmn Samaria rercpi-^rt \<'rl>iini Di'i, illi'!< luisNO cdiincriiw, \' liiptlziirs, in iiiininc Duinini Ic«u, & tanen pnsica per qiiciidain Caliphorum pcnicrsos, O^jcrii-* dux Pa ordin ppr Tfinplarioru viriuicin nir«iiin .Miibiufjauii Cliristianitati: M(q; po^t pliircx rupntiii, & var'atio- ncs, illi qui nuc sunt Samarita', iin\enint sil'i lufrcsim j)ropnam, & rito ab ninnibiis n.ilio- niliu^sinjjuhircin. Falcniiir aulcin -c credere in Dcum, qui ciincla crcauit: rccipil'iiifqur pent.itpurum srriplu- ra*. nun I'-allcrin Dauidi>>, accrrimf; cciiUMidonlr-i, se solos ililrctis-iinns Oci (ilios ; qui etiain Tepumfnti capi- Jipo iiobili (liU'crrntia inuoliiunt capiia lintcn ridico, Saraccni autrm albo, Indi croceo, & Chri- stiaiii illi in:nirnlniini no-iri lesii Clirisii \bide mauibus luda'oruni. ip«um de alia rupe pritcipitarc volcn- tium desiluii in i>tam. l)c cpio saltn cpiidain i!M('lli<;unt illud scriptum Kuangclieiiin, Icsut autein transiens ])it meiliuin illi rum ilmt. Ad fjuaiucr aiitem leura> de Na/arcili, e-i ('.ma (l.ililc.c, \l)i Clirlstuii ad vrbanas inatrN prerrs, inutauil vndam in xiiniin opiiiiMini. Ad distantiam (]uatU(ir leuc.irum \ N.iz:iretli, venilur in Tlialxir, nii iitc spertabile, vbi trans- figurabaturCliristus, coram <|uibus(iam siiis .Vposiolis, apparcniilnis ibidem, Mose, & llelia, prnphetis, \oci'<|; dilapsaa nia'^nilira I'atris ijlnria, it sidcliaiiir I'riro b >nurn ibi esse: ipion- dam inline nionte habebaliir ciu'.las, ( um |)lurilin» I'.i cle-ii>i, quarum nunc sola restant \esli- jjia, I'xcepio quod illc Ini ii- lransiii;iir.itionii e-t inhabilatu-i, tpii e-l Schnla Dei nominafiis. Nolaiuiuni. Tliabor est in inedi.i Cjaiilciv, ( amp is iiiira iutniidii.ile siddimis, ;uis, in (piode paucis panibu'-, it dc paucio ribus piseibus ius&u Christi fueruut salurali, (juiiHiuc millia hominum. A.I .\i ..iThal.'r. adi!. voc; nati intei N unt eiiti; vbi I ;;enq M /. Mandtnil. iiin: «"x fimr a-i jjnniiiuiiB. cr rpoiM lli'li- oriluis im'- , ill II' iiiiiu- I \\\ mrimi |ier M, & vin'atio- nmiiiliuH ii.itio- piiriim scriptii- ios : qui rliain rrocco, & Chri- Thalxir montis stiHiicfiinrtiiiii Hinr (|U(u|iir lam F)ci iijclicio sc (licuntiir cusp (■i|)ilarc volcn- nj;olicuiii, Ic'tus I vrlianas inalrN taliilt", vbi lran<- M(.so. & Ilfliii, ibi esse : cition- hi rcst.iiit \c»li- Dci iioniinaftl>i. li^tans a * Diotc- 111 inc siipradix- cst laciis aqua- qui rtiani in alio imrn, sccimduni LMitt'r aiiilmlassc iiiu'm : liir Miprr 111! iiicrcpatioiiii* tc maj^nis pisii- nicnsa illius crr- ciiamiit. Hirdi biis^df paiirii) A.I f -Up S. /. Mandeuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 9T A«l iiiitium autcm prxdicli maris iuxta villain Capernaum habctur Fortiu)) cafltrum totiiiu Icrra: promissionis, iu quo dicitur nata fuiwe sancta Anna maler yirginlH Mariae. Praidiftis Iraq; Christi vcstigijs, & tcrrao sanctae locis in pcregrino cum dcuotionc cordis & reuercntia dc bita visitatis, si drHidcrat rcucrti, posif illud facere per Damawum, qua; est ciuitas Dimiflm longa, nobiliN, & grandis, ac plena omnium rerum mercimonijs, cum lamcn distat i\ porta maris (ribuH plcn6 dictin, per quod spacium iiincris, runcta Iraijciuntur AsiiiN equis, Drome- dariJH, & Camclis; & putatura plcrisquc narrantibus fundata in loco vbi Cain protoplaustorum (ilius Abel fralrcm suum occidit. A Damasco do prnpinquo est mons Seyr, ciuitas grandis firmata duplicibus muris ac popu- losa niniis in qua sunt muili in arte Physica famoNi professi. Item ik Oamasco baud remold distat custrum satis muniium, & (Irmum, quod Derces c:bi in domibus &- niaiisionihus nobilitcr iuxta meritum vniuscuiusq; .xdificatur ai.ro, & ar- ;;eiito & gcmmis, pcrfrucntur omnibus corporalibus delicijs, in oblcctatione animae scternalit'. r \oi. II. n " sine II ,.'! M ! V,! k1 m V 4 r'. l:ii I J i> J liV .\ VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, .v. /. MantlfuU. wiiic linr. Illi cr(;(N qui flde K.inrl.T Trinilatii rarrnt, tV Clirixttim qui vnt sen lux if^nonint, in tcncbris ninbulnnt. ludiri vcro iS^ oinruN l)n|iti/,nti rcctb <*ciiliui)t PHni(li<*um ra*le^lrm Si Hpiriliialcin, \biquilihcl Nrruruliim tncrilum Diiiiniiali viiirlur, per i of^nilionein, & nmori'in. Allanirti luditi (jiiod contra Scripliiras Mias saiicla- Trinitati coiiiradiiiinl, \- Chri'^li) ohlo- (imiiitur, (|ui oi vera via, ncMciiiiii (|U(> vaduiit. Dc l)a|iti/.nli'4 auK*, qui lirlllil^^ tido Cathn- lirani in humilitati- Cdrdixsiil) lu'cli-Hiic |)r.Ti'rpti-< scruniicrunl. Iii Nuii lllij nuiiI luci*, iS< in via vcnicndi ad (irlcsK* I'aradisum cpii- Chri-lus vctIjo pr.i'dirauil, iS; ad que' rorporc Si nniiiio, videnlil)UH disc ipiilis, dr fai'ln co^c fndil. Crrdunt i-tiam Sararcni, omnia «n«c vera, ipio; Dimis on- pniplutarnm cti lonitut, ncd in diucfMitatr, (piia ncsfiiint sprtilitari, imo xpriilicanti contradiccn'tit drlacili, mI nc'nari'nf, Fnicr omncH prophcia'* pmiunt qiiatuor rxccllontiorcs, (pioriim Nuprriniiin i'^ cxct'llcnliiiinifi fntcnltir lomn Sriria' Virj;ini> filiii, (picni iV a^Hcrnnl, scrinom'', vcl locpii'lnni, v«l spiriifi Dri, Si proiiiniciaiiirc •ii-nicntiarii Dei, in iiidicio urnrrali futiini, iV inix»n a f)('o ad Chri'^tiaiios dotcndos. Srcundo io<'o Al)rahanuim diiinit fi\U>tc vcrum Dei niltorrni, & nmicuni. TiTtiinn dani Mosi iornni (anqnani |>r(il(iriilori l)ri Miiso .<l(w nii-surn, (uni Icfiv diuina in dirto lihro pirnr conli'nla. Tcncnt ii;iq; induhilali>, ipiod lira! i Maria Ictiim pi'prrif, \- crirrpil xiijjo rnancns intacta, ar lihflilr luqui audinnt dc incnrnationt* in i|'«a laila per unn nciationiMn (iahririis An hanurli. Nam \- AlcliarO connn diiit, nd Mjlnlaiiiiiicm Anjjfli \irj{iru'm iwpanissr, ipiod tu..c rral in partiliUM (ialilca* incantator, Turipiis mnniiif, qui piT susci'ptam fibi lurnjam Angcli |ilnrrs \ir;;incH dptloraiuTal, iV' br.itam Virninnn ron- urnisM- AnuTJinn, an i-ssi-i Tur(|iii>. Rdi'rt (puMi; cam prprrissc nnb p.iima Arbon-, \bi lia- bt'bilnr pni^cpi' b mii, \' a>iiia', \- iiiic prir (iini'usicMr pucrpt-rii, \ mt(( niidia ac do!. ire, fuissi- ill pr'>\iiii6 dfsppr.il Mil, i*^ inrantiiliim in c "ii«il.iti.)iicni iiialii« di\i'>-(', inatrriH' liiin'a>, I)t'u» ill ti- fll'iubt sK rcf.-i ad -.aliialioiu'.M Nfiiiuii. lla'c \- hi>* similia iniilia ibi s( riiuiniur /i;,'mrnt:i, & i»fi |)liir,i iiiicr^c narrandn tdniponiiif. -'iniiim oinninnj I'rnplii'iarum I'liisx' Ncraccm in ibrti^ iV I'liiix, b<-ni;;niim, piiini, iii^tnm, \' ^ib oinni xitio p('nitii'< aliciium : Sam turn (|iii'iqiic b aiinnn Iaiaii;;;'lisfain post pm-diclos I'rnplicl.is I'liissc abji "^aiK tinrcm, c iti-. \- Kiiaiu'i'lium latcn- tur (NSC plenum <si> ra'< <», leprosos miin>c \nicntcm. Mrat ci.iiii ^prniil diiil) p'ns (|uam I'ri'p'icta, iv ab^ipic omni ppci ale, coniraliccntc code in di- scip^o, >i (b\- I'riiniis (|':('i(l pcccatiini nun halicniii', xcrita^ in n Jii-i noii c«t : viuic \' -i (|iiaii(io Sarraccni fciu'llt •>( ri|)liim lai.iiii;c i| Saiuli bi.ii ni«, aiit illiid belli Iai( ;i', iiii-.-iis est .\n;;cliis (iabricl. ciciia'it ambabii- inanibiis |)ici rciicrcntia super i apul \ >.ii;.er ociiIds id ponenle-. iS: osc ulai tiir (piain Nape i nni Minima deiicticiic. iinnlli t ti.im eiMiim in (iricco It I.;it III" lilcriti consiieiieriint ciiin (li'iintiiuic cordis id lectitare. Idem libcr (licit liida'os perlidos (iiiv priiniim inis^o a Deo, \ nulla mi ila I [■pia, iV- acicnti cre(l< re noliienini, (pi(')d(pie per ipsiim tota j;eim liidieonni (nit dijjiu^ de- n)erit(') illiisa hoc modo esiis III lic.ra ( tiiin bid; IS eiiin pro siyiK tradit loiiis osciiia la- batiir, posiiii per Mct.iniorplioNin liniirinn siiain. in ipsinn liidani, sjcinie bidn-i in aiiibininj lumine iinctiiriii Icinporis. pro le«ii Iiidani (apieiitcs, llj;ante», trahciitcs, deriileiites, in line criii'ifi\eriint, pi.tjiiii's se oinn (Ciidit III ( (r P liim. ia r.Kcrc Ic-ii, (pii prolimis eaploiV li^alo Iiida, viiiiisas- (ipscensiiriis itcriim \iiiii> a( 1 IikI K mm III (lie linaii. I'.i iiddii, bill. CIS falsi ssimc \s(ii le lindie luis Chri-iMiK li- o iiiciiilacio (lr( ipere, quo di ( unt ••(■ Ic-ii criK i(i\isse, (picm iioii Ictc; cilint. Ilinc err. rem Iciinit Sarraccni obstiiiati : i"v (piodil.un arnnmeiitiiin inire conaiitiir. Nam si Dciis (,„iiiiil) pcrniisisset lesum, innocentein, iV^ iiistiin ill iia nii^craliiiiier occidi, ccn-iiirain su.t siiiiiniie iii-titi;p niiiiiiissc t. Scd cum insi, vt siipradii tnm est, in tenebris ambiilaiil, idcirn'i i^ orantcs Dei iiistiiiaiii, staliiere v limit iiistitiain, iiiu) iniiistiiiani ipiain i'lbrii ant in ( irilc >-iio, (piia ims de ( nice Cliri-li scriptiiin inutn;.. Sj- noiiimiis, l.ieiiciliciiim est li;;iiiiin per (iiioil III iiixjili.i Isti 1 linen quod in aliiiiiibiis aiipro- iijM(»ijn!i.. pinquniit \ci.l' IuIci, multi (pianilo(iiie eunim iiuienii sunt loiinersi, <.v plure^ adiuic de (ai ili i mi ItltCI Do IU«ti| anil cidi liir, lim.l mini -.-jife- ManilfuU. X iftnornnt, trlciirm Si iV ninorcni. hri^to nblo- ' litli' Ciiiho- :J4, i!v ill via re iV iininia, iiliH, nrd ill (I iicniiri-nf. '('Ilcnli<<»inici M'l spiritu il Cliriitiiiii()t ihIcw Iiitla'"". ni««uin, (iiin M.ii'i.i I(siim • ill i|'i;i r.icia «.iliilaii>iMi'ni ipiis iioiiiinr, iruinciii loii- horc, \lii Ita- lia ac (liilorc, ilcriu' liiiu'a«, 1)1 '<) riluiiiliii' II -lint. i( ti^ iV l-Kiix. que I' anni'iii I'rliiim fati'ii- lina-sc (ii'ioo, ci'iiiii ^|iri>ut scip-o. »i (li\- indo Sarrai riii Hclii- (ialiricl. I'-. \ (isi iilaii- I.iliiiii litcnii , \ nulla ini- I'liil (lii;iii' ili'- liliiilii-> ii-'t'ul.i- n-i III ainl)ii;iii) (Iciitox, ill line lutl.i, \iiitis as- i|;t'rc, quo di- li olisiiiiati : iV II, iiinoiTiilcni, S('(l cniii i()-i, slaliitTi' \oliint liri-li xriptiini i(|iiil)iis api)ii>- adliiic dc I'acili icn- S. I. AhwUull. Tfv^FFTQUr,.S, AND DISCOUERIES. W> i roiiiirrlrrciitiir, »i halirrcnt prft-diraKirt >, sinccr^ eU vcrbiim rraclaiUM, ipiippe riim lam fnrraiiliir Ifnein Maliomcli (|iiand<)<|iic dcCec/Mram, »i( ut mini- pirijl lex liiditoriim, Si Icucin ('liri^Hnnoriim vsqiic in (iiicin Hcnili j>^'rmansura((i C A r « T 'ii. Dc ?ifi»» & nomine Mnhomcti. I'Homi^i in siiperinribiM aliquid iiarrnfr dp vita Mahoineii li'jjisJaUjri^ SarracciKirimi, prmit vidi ill icriplis, vcl niidini in iiartibii'* illis liacpic Nfacho, sine Ma(i">n, vtiuni in Ncmnda Hvllalia scriliatiir N, litera, v 'I imii idem rcftrl ; iV -i icrtia syllaba addaiur, iV dicaiiir M,i- cluinii't, vi'l etiaiii <|iiarta, Maclioiiirlii-, iiiliil dillrrt, (|ii«jd .semper idem iiomen repre-eiiiat Ipsi taiiieii iliiiin MoipiiM ni'ininant Matlinn, I'ul.itiir aiiteiil i^tiiin Mahomet lial)iii-'liana> lidei, didicit alitpiid de lide inmlra, quod diuerierc sidebat ad (eljujani lleretnil.e rommi'i:inti<« in de-erin. I'.t qundammodo lahulanlur Sarrareni, quod illo (piandoqiie in^re- diente leilulani, celluLe o«tiiini miit.ilum in iaiiuam \ald^ patenlem, velut ante palatinm, iV UJoriinliir iiiic priiniim mirai iiluni. ({iii ex tunc eonqiierendo silji pcmniaN, iV di^eendo st'i ull ai Ills dines est ellerliis, \ priidens ab o:nnibus repiitatus, in taiiliim, vt poHtinndnin ill terra' )>iil)ernai(ireni Coim/ len, ^qiiiecst vna proiiineianim rej;ni .\ral)iie) ajtsiinierctur, ac delude ileliiiK to prim ipe Codiiie per ('ciniui>iiiiii illiiis relietir in eiiisdein proiiinria- jirinei- pein eleiiareliir lira! autein satis lormosiis, \' vaiens, \- vltra modum in veriiis it I'aeti"* matiiriis, iHc |iriiieipalis, \ saiis dili<;ebalur a .«uis, ina^is tameii inrlnebalnr, iV rrat epilepti- eus, neniine lamen sciente. Sid t.indeni ab vxore eompcrto eontristabatiir, se tali niorbidii nnptani, e Ogerus dictum Brehir in proplio occiderat, iuxta Lugdiinum Francirr ciuitatem. !•'( si quando iialionis altcriu'^ quis ad legem conuerliiur Sarracenorum, diim :\ flaminc enrum recipiendus est, dicit i*t facit eum Dei nuncium, it rcpetit sic : Laellcch ella alia Mahomet /.oyzel alia heth : (juod valet tan- tum : Non est Dcus nisi vniis, & Mahomet fuit cius nuncius. (' A r \ r 'r.i. De colliKpii.! Aiithoris cum Sj)ldano. FInaliter Sarraccni ponunt ludiros malos, e<> <|uod legem Dei violauennif sil>i missam, it cumissam per Moscm. Kt a «imili pmbanl Chrisiianos malos, (juod non ^cruant lege Fu.i- gelij Chri*ti, (|uam seruand.im susccpcrint. liiest enim ijs fal-va persuasio ila vt pute'Jt vnu- quemq; in ea qua natus est scria posse bear), si susceptain serua\ierit illibati^ : ideoci; pro- bant ab opposito se esse bonos, (juin, >.i(iit dicuni, obseriiant scnpla legis |)r,T;cepta \- ccre- monias saiicii libri sui a Deo sihi iransmissi per bcatfi nuiuiu suii Mahomet. Vnde i*C: co non tacebo quid mihi cotigit. Dominus Soldanus quodam die in casiro, cxpuNis omnibus de camera sun, me solum reti- niiit srcum tancpiam pn> sccrelo halx'ilo cclloquio Con^uetu enim e-i ijs cijiere omnes le- pore secrc forinn : (pii diiiitenter a me inierrogauit qiialis essel gubernatio vit.r in terra nostra, breuifer n-spondeba, Ixwia. per Dei gratjam, qui rcn-pto hoc \erbo divil ita non esse. S,i- cenlntes (^inquit) vestri, qui seipsos exhibere deberent alijs m exempiu, in i"alis iaccni actibus, |)Lirum ciirani de iVnipii seruiti<,: habilu iV studijs se conlormani inuiulii: sc itie- bri.int \ino, cnntlncntia inlringentes, cum Iraude ncgotiantes, ac praua princip'bus consilia ingerenlcs. Cumunisquoq; populiN, diim testis diebus intcdere (U'bereni deiiotioni in tem- pi", currit in hurli-, in spcct;i(iilis, iu tabernis vs(|; ad crapulam, iV ebrictateiii. \- pinguia manducans & bilKiis, :i<' in bestiarum moreiii, luxuriam prauam exercei;s. In \sura, dolo, r.ipina, furto, detraciionc, mendacio & periurio viuui-t jilures eonun eiiidenter, ac si qui lalia non aganf, \t I'aiui repiii inlur. &: pro ni'iiia cordis -uijcrbia ne^< iunt ad libifimi exco- git.rc, qoaliter se velint habere, muiando sil)i iridumcnt.i, nunc linga, nunc curta niinjs, (| aiiiloq; ainpla, quand/x); striata vlira in duni, \i in his siimiilis appareant deri-i j)otiii> quam \csiiti : pilco-, (pio(|ue, calceos, caliga--, c.rrigi is silii fabricant exqui-ilas, cum eliam e cniitra (Icbcrcnt se( iindinn ("hristi sui doctrinam -implices, Deo deuoti, humilcs, \eraces, inuicem dili^cnies, inuicf- concordantcs, \ iniuriani de l.icili remittcntes. Sciinus cliam eos propter jjiccata sua pinlidi-se lianc terrain opiimam (piam tenemus, nee liu'emus earn amittere, quamdiu >^c laliler gidji-rnai.t. .\itameu nnii (lubif.unus, quin ii I'uturum per me- linrem vii.e conucrsationcm mcrcbuniiir dc nostris cam maiiibus rccuperarv-, Ad M' ) !/ /. Mandeuil. 110, coleniibus vertice ip>iius laetiKcct. I&;i- plures corum aniel confcctin, r,T;repta & ( crc- t. Vndc v*i: ('<;o n, mc Noliiin rcti- I'ijiorc omncs tc- t.T in ti-rra nostra, ila non esse. Sa- , in i"alis iaccnt t immdo : si- inc- incipliiis (dnsilia (loiMtioni in trm- tatrni. c*t: pin^iiia In \.sura, dolo, iJi'iiter, ar si qui ad libitum oxco- niiiu' cuita niinis, ■ant deri-i j)r)tiils ui-iias, iiim ciiam luiinilc-i, MTaci's, s Scinuis ctiain lur tiincmiis cam liitiiriim pt-r mc- Ad S. /. Mandeuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 101 Ad hoc ego vltra conrusus & stiipefacttis, neqiiiui iniicnire responsum ; vcrebar cnini ob- loqui veritati, quamuis ab Infidelis ore prolatsc, & vulfu prsB rubore demisso percunctatus sum, Domiiic, salua reuerciitia, qualifcr pitestis ita plcne hoc noacere i" De hominibua(ait) mcis intcrdum mitto ad modum Mercatoru per terras, & regiones Christianoru, cum Balsamo, gcminis, scricis, ac aromatibus, ac per illos singula exploro, tarn de statu Imperatoris, ac Pofiliciim, Prinripiim, ac Saccrdotum, quiim Prtelatorum, ncc non aEqiiora, prouincias, ac distinctiones cannn. Igimr peracta collocutioiie nostra satis producta, cgressos principes in cameram reuocauit, ex quibus quatiior de maioribus iuxta nos aduncans, fecit cos express^ ac debits, per singu- las diijisiones in lingua (iallicana destinguere per partes, & singularum nomina partium, om- rcm rciioMcin tcrni; Amelia;, ac alias Cliristianorum terras multas, acsi inter nostros fuissent iiati. vc! niiillo tempore conuersati. Nam & ijisiiin Soidanum audiui cum ijs bene & direct^ loquentcm idioma Francorum. Ifaque in omnibus his mcntc consiernatus obmutui, cogitans, & dolens de peccatis singulis, rem taiiter so habere. Nunc pic igitur (rogo) consideremus, & corde aftendamus, quanta; sit confusionis, & quali-i op])p>bri), dmn Christian! nominis inimici nobis nostra exprobrant crimina. Et stu- . . „ . deal quiiibet in melius emendarc, quatcnus (Deo propitio) possit in breui tempore, htec de [,"l]^jj„„".'' qua lo(|uimur, terra Deo delecta, bax sacrosancta terra, haec filijs Dei promissa, nobis Dei ad 'piiiiis restitui : vel cert6, <|u<>d magis exorandum est, ipsi Sarraceni ad fidem Catholicam, Sc riiii-iiianun obedienilam, I^clesiic (ilijs aggregari, vt simul omncs per Dominum nostrum lesum C.uisfum i.on-iul)sta:il,alein Dei filium perueniamus ad coelcstem Paradisum. Explicit prima pars huius opcris. Sccunda pars. Capvt. 21. Per-iuasio ad non credcntos terrarum diucrsitates per orbem tcrnc. -^ NfFrd)ilis Deus mirabilia propter scmetipsum creauit, vt scilicet ab intcllectualibus creafuris sui-* intelligcretur, .^' per hoc diligcretur, atque in hoc ipse creator, & creaiurase mutu6 fruc- rciitur. Mirabilis t-iens est, Cecil <]U!ti unque voiuit in ccelo & in terra. Sed etce dum nobis coittiiigit videre rem (piam |>riiis nun vidimus, miratur noster animus, noi< qu6d simpliciter mirum est, sed quod nobis id mirum & nouum. Dcus vnus, simplex quidem est, vt crcaluras coclestes qu6 Deo maf;is de pri>p!n(|Uo sun! eo simpliciores cxistunt. Terrcstres auteni quW in situ remotiori sinf, idciico magis diuer-;e, maj;is conirari;e iuterse sunt. Krgo quicuM(]ue sapiens est non slupet animc, dum in fcrrenis respicit res varia.s, & di- uersas, vel dum a cmuingimt, sen inueiiiuiitur in partibus terrae diuersis: sed qui in-Rfp'fhensioin- telbctum super >en>um luni eleuant, A: magis credunt . Artytoi) ciuitas* SahijjteUf. Arjrjth. I.andJii'ii. Hany nuf na ClUltJS. Tauiiil ti;]ital famitij. /adi'lK' Liuital. lala.h. Crih. Cartiaj. • Vfl Sinar. RiMiiz antivjtia Manna Ap'nhf< ranorum Chal- dxa. Amatonia in- VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandeuil. in (loscribendo aliqiia illorum, quae vidi & percepi in denmbulatlone mea, qua peragraui inultas alias terras, & pcrleRi multas vndas, vsque in multorum hoc tempus annorum, & propter insipientes, & discredentc-t non tacebo. Sed nee propter crcdentes nee sapientes satis mouebor; tamen vt diiiersa Dei opera qui respirere non possunt ociilo, saltern lejjanl, vel audiant ex hoc scripto. Paiica vtique vidi horuin quae sunt, sed pauca horum qu.x vidi, oarrabo. Capvt. 25. De Armenia, Persia, & Amazonia. DE regionibus quae Iiidea; contij!;nantur, scilicet Arabia, Acgypfo & Syria, .statu! modi- cum vlira narrarc, rclinqucns hunc locum narrandi alijs peregrinis. Et fcstinans ad terras remotiores, Armeniam minorcm, non per sinj^ulas ciuilates, sed cderilcr transicns, vioi u remotis amplum castrum vocatum Del cspoyer, de quo mihi sustiiuii dici, quod sit vastimi, & i\ neminc, habitatum, nisi a Tanta-itica quadam Domina, seruanie in medio niaioris aniae super pcrticani, volucrem rapacem, quiimi( ascensu. Est autem & ibi ciuitas Landania, de qua nonnulli diciint qu6d Noe illam fundauerat, ^; ciuitas magna Hany, in qua, tempore Chrisfianorum mille habebantiir Ecdesi.T. In ilia Armenia sub Imjierio I'ersi.T est famosa ciuitas Tauris, vbi de mercimonijs ponde- ralibus lit inestimabilis mercaliira. Ilinc ad decem dietas ad Orientem habetnr ciuitas Zado- na, in ea Inij)crator Persarum moratnr, & est in eodem imperio ciuitas valdi^ magna C.ass.irli, quae recto itinere dicitur stare ab Hierosolymi* 55. diefis. Geth ciuitas imperialis, & melior totius Persia? in hAc terra noscitur esse, cDm tamen Carnaa sit satis maior. Circa lines Periia- in terra* Sennaar, est ilia qure olim dicebatur Babylonia, nee apparet ibi aliquid, quam ruiiue grandis & vetusfac ciuitatis, qua? ab hominibus est dcscrta, sed a Draconibus inhabitata, & alijs animalibus, & volncribus vencnnsis. Hanc lerram tenet Iin- ])erator Pers.irum, vt supri\ dixi. Etiam intra fines Persia;, est terra, vbi sanctus lob patiens nionibaiur, qute modo dicitur terra Sues, in cuius montanis inuenitur Mann.i, quod venditor ill Apothecis. Ilinic teritp Sues contiguatur Chaldxa, quae non est magna, quamuis nobilis regio habcatur. Et ab isia ir.tratur Ama/.onia. Ama/onia est modica insula, quam absque viris solac regunt & inhabitant muliercs: cuius rei prima causa hjpc fuit. ()lim cum insula communiter i viris, & mulieribus habilabatur, Hex cius dictns Colopiiis cum omnibus nobilibus suis in bello contra Hegnnm Scithiir occisus luit. .Audientes igiiiir nobiliuni vxores ipxius insula; hc viduatas, super his, in doloroso (urore animi ad plures con- grc-isioncs occidcrfit & liigauerunt omnes aliarum mulierum maritos, ne scilicet sua ingenui- tas subiaceret vdlinitafi, iV potestati plebi'<. Et tandem post rerormalam interne |)acem tuu- lieres iniio con>ilio statucrunt se solas absque viris dominari in terra, atque e\ tuncsumi sihi regimen j)er certain electionis f'ormam, qusc robusta, .agilis, sa|>iens, iunenis, ac valens aji- j>aict in armi>i. Sciendu tamen c~t, e\tra hanc insulam (hiincn esse, & alias modicas in-ula-i, qiiaruMKi (licitiif / :i'i /. Mandeuil. qua peragraui IS annonim, & :j nee sapientes laKem Icgant. oruin qua; \ idi, •la, statu i modi- itinans ad terras ransiens, viai a juod sit vastum, dio niaioriii aulae kIi : quam auem, per septem con- et illi quanfain- , perircf. Huic cbatur, in bene & aitcrum Fas- u'gotiiun, pastori fluuiiun F.iiplira- (jiioruin \lliimw omiii ti'porc tNi n Ecclcsia Moiia attctare pracsuuiii in fundaucrat, & Icsi.T. ^rcimonijs pnnde- cliir ciuitas /ad(v \b macina Cassarh, icrialis, & mclinr onia, ncc apparct est dcserta, scd a ; tcrrani tenet liii- anctiis Iol> patiens na, quod venditiir a, quamuis nobilis It miilicres: tuiiis IS dittiis CoIopiiN Aiidienles ifjiliir inii ad pliires coii- ilicet sua iii};eniii- nter ^c pacein inu- ■ e\ luncsunii sibi nis, ac valens ap- iiMilas, quaru mki (liiiliir S. 7. Mandeuil TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 103 » Jl Satw. dicitur Carmagitc, dc qui'ius licitum est ijs accessire viros, & ainasios bis in anno, ita vt nulla inorain frahat septem dierum naturaliu sub poena indubitata occisionis. Infantem mas- eulQ nutrire licet quoadusq; per se roniedat& gradiatur, tunc transmittendus est in don^u pa- ternain. Generoste nat.x puella: auferfur i^mito cuitro vber sinistrum pro scuto gerendo, de- ffcneri dextrum, ad sagittandum de arcii Turco. . , „ , , Keo'ina cum consiliaribus & officialibus suis regit sapienter & ben6 terram, & seruat omnes sibi sub dislrieta obedieulia. per leges, & prenas, & ainciidas conscnptas. Et cum circum- iacentium insulariim Uege-. contra se adinuicem prculiarisolent, tunc Rcgina Amazonue cum suis Nobiiii)us ab vna parte pro inagno slipendio vocari solet in adiutoriu, vbi & inuetae sunt sapiCtes in consilij.s, probai in armis, acres in conflictibus, & in omnibus Curia? actibiis bene valeles. C A P V T 26. Dc Acthiopin, & Diamantibus, & de infima India. Acthiopia consistit a terra Chaldcorum in Austrum, quae distinguitur in Orictalcm Aethi- opiam, & Mcridionalein, quarum prima in illis partibus vocatur Cush, propter hominum nigrcdincni, altera Mauritania. Et est ibi Regniim Saba, de quo legitur, quod Rcgi Salomon! Mautiianu, Regcs Arabiim, & Saba, dona & tributa adduxerunt. Eoque Regina Saba venit ;\ finibus, ''""™ ' hoc est, i\ longinquis terrac i)artibus audire sapientiani Salomonis. Omnes in Aethiopia aqua; in fluuijs & riparijs, & fontibus sapiunt Sal, propter nimium calorem. Est ibi vnus aquiu piiniufc ions ita de lucte calidus, vt nemo in co sustineat manum, & ita de die frigidus, vt bibi vix possit. Generaliler isti de Mauritania Aethiopes comcdunt parilm, de facili inebriantur, fluxiim veniris paliuntiir nee diu viuunt. De Aethiopia iniratur in Iiidiam mediam, nam triplex est, videlicet infima, quae in qiiibus- indij uiritx. dam >uis partibus est nimis frigida ad inhabitandum : Media qua; satis temperata est, Isc supe- rior, (iii;i> nimis ralida. In India infima propter continuum & grauc frigus generatur chris- tallii;.'. df acpia per !;elu, sicut qiiidam asserunt. Sed ccrtum est ibi haberi rupes christalli, & 111 illis gigrti opiimos Diamnntes, qiios lingua illius vocant Hamefht. Dijmanus. I>t aiitca diainas pariius prxiiosus lapis, magna virtutis, sicut pleniiis desrribitur in la- pid irii>. Q iJam inueniuntur in magnitiidine pisi, vel etiam piso minore-: alii ad quanti- tatem f.il^ic, sed nullus maior auellana, \el nure. Et dicitur de co in partibus illis, quod si hie (;ui p>'rlat sit ronlinens, & subrius reddit ilium magnanimum 8c audacem, 5c iiiiiat in cau^is instil certaniem, cunsertiat substantias corporales, aufirt praua somnia, depellit pra- iinrum s[>iritiiuin illusiones, sortilegia, & incanialiones, ac valet contra liinaticam passi- oiu'in, iV diemonis obsessionem, iS: vencnosuin quod illi appropintpiauerit exsiidat, & ex- liuiiie«it. Optiir.i Diair.antcs de liulin as>iiiuilaiitur in colore nuilliiin christallo, sed sunt aliquantu- liim mauis » itriiii, & pro -ui diiritie |)oliri non possiiiit. Inueniuntur autem ibi nonniilli siihiiigii ail colorein \iol;r : Alii nasruntiir in Arabia nigri, & teiiuiorcs praidictis, alii in Ma- cedonia, &: ipii(l;im in {'vpro, sc(i in miiieriis aiiri, acre|)i de riipe cespiiein cum diamanle ma-.<-ulo, & lemella, |)lantans iii pratello, i>c frccpien- taiw, locilhus in.KJerici de voir Maii. Et e< cc in hrciii, pariiulus ex iis gij;nebaiur, iiasce- baiiir, & ailolestib.it ad debiiam <|iiantiiatem : liuntven'i omnes per naturain cum pluribus aiii;ulis \i tritiin vel (|ualiior, aiil (|uin({ue lal-riim, & noniuilli cum latcribus scnis. E contra, omnes inarLjarilio nasciiniur in forma spha^rica, sen rotunda. V.\ noiandum cpiod mcrcalores, prodiamaniilnis, frequenter aliud vendunt : Nam solet com- Dianumum mixtio fieri de christallo Crochee, de Sapiiiro, ile Loupes ('itrini>, de lapide Vri, & de paruis "tI'"''^'""' pelris e\ murium niilis. I'robalio veri diamantis haberi potest his modis. iitubjti.) vcri IViino si Ita inuenitiir tener, vt se poliri dimitlat, non est verus. Jiamani*,. Item I! I '|j\'| ' < '111 i ■'M-' 104 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. MandeuU. I'crra Indix vntic di^ta. Infulj Ormuii A Bahara, prl Chjul foue. 7.arkr, vel /jri:)iia< Terra Lrmbe. F1aiidrir.a. Piper quonu*- du crc!Cat. Pipei long;. Ttcm si Ac conon potest sciiuli vitnim crUtallum, non est verus. Item accipe paruum qtianlitatis lapidem Adnmantcm, qui solet sibi attraherc aciim & femim, & pone verum diamantcm, super adamantcm, ti'mcquc si ministraucris adamanii a- cum, videbis adamantetn opcrari nihil, vcro diamante pra;sente, duni tamcn adamas non sit diamante maior. Item si cultcllum lamina: tenuis, habentem in manubrio inclusum vel alli^atum verum dia- mautcmin mensavel asserc erexeris, profinus vt ipsi vencnum ajjpropinquabit, stabit trcmu- lans ntque sudans. Et notandum, quud per luxuriosum, seu gulusum qui ferret diamantem amitteret virtutcm ad tempus. Terra Iiidiac appellatur ab Indo il)i currcntc fluuio, cuius anguilla^ inueniuntur quandoquc vltra^O. pedes in lonrritudine. In media India transitur per multas insulas vsque ad mare Occamnn, in insulam Ormuz, vbi Merratores Venetin! saepfe tcndunt, sedviri.qui assiieti non sunt tantum siistiricre calorcm, ne excant ])erpendifula dc corporibus pnip^ ad };ontui, ibi sc contra hoc debits inui)luunt, & ligant, nee audent ibi transirc nauibus f'crrum continentibus, nc tcncantur de rupibus adumantum. IIJc in aliquibus Acthiopiw partibus habitant public^, inhonestoriim viriusque sexus lio- minum consuctudinem inhoncstam gercnfes, & in iestu meriisiii sub zona torrida. Inde lran~iri potest |)er mare in Indiam superioiem, sine maloreni, \i(lell(rt Imperium Presbv teri loannis ad jiorlUiu ciuilatis Zarke, qiiie esl elei;aiis iV bona salis. In ea habiiat plurimi Catholica' fidei ('liristiani : & habentur plurima' Abbaii.e rcli;;iosomm, i\\\.\-* olim Dux Danoriim Oj;erus lonstiliiil, vnde & vstpic nunc diruntur Kl•cle^ia• Dani, aUpie ex hoc nauigari potest in terrain I.ombe. C A p v T 27, Do fciresio Pipcris, I'C: fonte iuuontutis. RK^io.-'eu iusula dicl.i I.ombe, spaliosa quidem est, continens I'oreslum diclum alius Tom- har, longu per dietas IS. lu orbe \niuer.so no noscimus crescere piper, pr.Tterquam in hoc Ibresfo. In (pio & liabelur dua- tiuilales, vna Flandrina, (& ilia < iuilas inh.ibiiala est a ludiris, & Christianis, inter qiMs s,Tpt> magna seditio oritur) altera Singlaiit : quasquonii- ( o- dcptiulirit frudu^ \l nlur fi'lia in arbustis, rcdcre quasdam lau- >ipcTis \iiidis ad siini- .Icm \iriditali- vindc- rn"arum lonirattici- I'.lStC.'l S. I. Manclcuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 105 Postca cxurgit piper album in granis minoribus, & in abundantia satis minori, quo tan- '"''*"""""• nil un preciosiori vtuntur in partibus illis, & '•"<^ vcndunt ad partes istas. Priinuin piper ai)pcl!alur Sorbotyn, secundum Fulful, tertrum vero liauos. Sunt autem per nemus istud fcra aniinaiia, & venenosa, sicnt parui serpentcs, colubri, & htiiusmodi, dc quibus ncscio quls famam difl'undit per nostras partes, quod vindcmiatorca pip. ris talcs vermes fuj^ant per ignem: .scd non est ita, imo vnguni brachia, manus, tibias, & pedes rum quodam suceo herbaj ilicl.-c Liuionse, a qu() .ito dilliigit omnc vencnum. in huius I'orcsti capite sub montc I'olembo, cstciuiias dicta Boiemba, & sub eodem montc Mons PoUm. fons (jui diciiiir luuentutis. Aciua huius fontis reddit odorcm, & saporem quasi de omni gene- J;;^-,,, p„,,„. re aromatum, nam singulis pene horis immutat odorcm, & saporcm. lit quisquis per aliquos lu. diespotat ieimio stomacho sanalur in breiii tempore, ;\ quacunquc intcriori infirmitate, Ian- {i;||,,'""'""""' guore diintaxat mortis cxcepto : & sane; illorum qui propi! sunt, & frequenter bibunt apparet per totum vitre tcmpuH mira iuucnius. Ego autcm ler vcl quatcr bibi, quamobrem & vsepic hodic arbilror ])otius me corporaliter valerc. Putatur eniin Tons ille immediate per poros .sub- terraneos e!i<)uari de fonte paradi.si terresfris, ita (piod nulla via decurrenliiini super tcrram fluentium viiictur. In i-.ta etiam regione, & in insulis eircumquaquc ercscit gingiber valdf: Giniibcr. bonuin, vndc & niercafores s.xpe ibi tendunt de Venetia pro emendo pipcrc <.V gingibere. Gentes vero luiius insul.u pcrucrs;c <.V' stolidissimic sunt superstitionis adorantcs bouem tan- inl, putaiites sc sanctilic.iri per rem [icnitus non valcntem, im(^ nimis tci'tidam, iV inlionesiam. Pr.i-terea populi i'-ii (dluiii Idola facta ad nicliuin in forma liumana, &- ad medium in for- ma bonis In (piiljus |)ern>i«si(ine Dei per enruin perfidiam maligni spiriius liabilaiit dante.s de interrugalis re-]) >nsa. Et liij- Idolis oO'ernii! inlinita donari aquandoq;, iK: sacrilicant inter- dum proprios iiifanies, ipsorum .sanguine lilola re-:|:;'rgenies. Dum hie m .rilus moriiur, vxor comiunliiir (um inarito, ni'^i de ilio liabeat sobolenwuni Vwr r.m m.i. (|uo\iuere sulci, iV \vlii. (iuie sil)i digit cum prole suiierniiiore, non liabebilur de i-.i-tero """'""'"'"'• tide digna. Ailamen in siniili ca\is.i, si \ir non vult cremari cum vxore inortua, non miiuiit ei lionorein. Ivt lorie \inum nascimr ibi: (|uud inuliercs bil)unl, iS,: non viri, vt sic mulieribus crescant barba;, sed mulieribus radniilur, & \ ills minimi!. Capvt. '2S. De Ecclesia & crrpore .Saiuti ThonuT Apostoli. nine in Meridiem plnriixis exactis In-ulis per \iam decern dictarum \eiiiturin Regiium Mal)ron. Illic in ciuilale Cal.imiie, sernaiur in niagno lemplo corpus bcalis>imi Tlioma' A])os- toli Domini nostri le-u Cluvsti in cap-a Iwnoriliraia. In quo loco & martiri/.atus fuit, licet diiunt quiilain, quMd ill I'lli-sa riiiliaic. l-tc p<. pubis mil est multum teinpus tninsactnm, quill luit loins in liilei rcligidnr, sed nunc e-i ad pc— inios (icntilium ritus peruersus, nee al- tendit, \\ci- veiieraiin- n llicpiia- saniii corporis .Aposiuli iljidtni contcnias, quamuis ijs euiilens, ac viile, c'^ miriliciiin pt;e>taiv . IcIkU beiulicinin. merani, venire ;k1 P.iradi-iiin Icrrcsticni. r.l pnsi pr(Kes>^i(incin ,|i(i»i(|ii:im slaliicrunt Idolum in templo suo loco, multiplicatur co- ram simulachris nuincni^ srrpc ]ilang«'ntiiim, iJi: occidenti 'innli.;\ quam credi sii Cacile. Iia (jii'id (|iiaiidnf|ue in ilia xnica sulcniiiilaie iiiueMiiintur ducenfa corpora, vel plura occisorum. Kt asstante!: propiiupii ami( i i;dium diaholi marlyrum, cum magna musicoruiii melodia decaii- tantes in sua lingua ofleniiil 1iliili< (orpdra, ac demiim accenso ngo omnia corpora comburuiit in lionorem Idoh.-iun, a-i>uniciiics sihi >iMgiili alicpiid de ossituis aiit cinerilnis pro reliqiiijs, qiias p'.itinl -\h\ valiluia-i c nir.i quiililiet iiilortimia, iV tcnipcstatcs. F,t hahciur ante teni- pliiiii a(nia' Iii(ii<, \eliit scruatoriiim j)is(iuin, in (pio proijcil populus largis'^inii' suas oblaii- oiic-i, :iri,'<'iiiii. aurfi, gemma-, (vptios, & s'niilia, cjuibus niiiii'Iri ccrlis tein|)oril)iis exhiben- tC' pmuidc'il !'.( ( lesiie, ac simulachro, ac sibi ipsis abiini':"'U'r. (inoddam r;ibuIo>,um s( riji- liini I'xiuit per p:irl('-> iKwtr.is, qu"d in ])rii'dicla processione (irciimfi ralur cniiipheretro corpus bcati Tiioii: L', (pii <.V in line pro(c<>ionis p^pulo coniinunicarct prujirijsmuiiibus de Euclia- rislix ^atramcnto, scd non e>t ita, \ miixpiain fuit. 0«iJ'.int

    .ini6 sua-* oblati- inporil)iis exhil)en- m t'alnilosuin si rij)- iimpheretro corpus inanibus dc Eucha- C A P V T. S. I. Mvideuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Capvt. 29. 107 Vi De laua, & quibiisdam alijs mcridionalibus finulis & dc farina, inelle & pincibus Ogcri Ducis Uiiiioruin. iNdc vlteriiis proccdciulo in Austnim per multas & mirabiles terras qiiinquaRinta diianim Pr,)«iiio.jj. diretarum spacio, liabetur magna Insula Lam >ri. lllic onines niidi inccdut, & fcrt^ omnia sunt "^^^^^ sinccndentes ad palalij aulas, t plenari^ cxpressa Dani Ducis Ogeri bistoria, i\ natiuitate ipsius, quousque in Franc i.un fantastii t; dicatur reuersus, cum tempore Caroli magni regis Franci;e, ipse Ogerus armata manu conquisiuit viflotii Oj.ri Ciirisiianilati fere omnes paries transmarinas ;\ lerosolymis vsquc ad arbores solis & Lunac, ^"'"^■""' ac propi"> paradisum terrestrcm. Pro hac Regione laua, (qua- tangit fines Imperij Tartaric) sibi subiuganda, Impcrator H'»'r«"i"uii,t:\ie IJ O ■ mnt:isctia[B * * riuni, osuiiui. i >t lit -8-iFl V ' u ^}l r X 108 VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, •S". 1. JSImuhxiit. ■1 ^.^ t. 'I t \ I Vrl Al.ll.il liUl'hiiiK.. MjiiJcuiUi. TfSi"Ji"t< graiitlistimx'. IVclCalTiUs. riiini. All qiiariiin mulns nuliciim. iMiii'Miuiiliir udtiin.-i- prcciiiMi', Av <|iiil)iiH rvpcrtiim rst.si- (|iiis viKiin halxiorit in piiniio mi<>, li'iriiin curpuri mi" non lUMfliit: viulc (.i (pii-. il)i |>ii<;iKins, \w\M ailiKTsariuin, nc iniinictiin hnc ^einnui iniiiiituin a^^rcditiir cum < iiin luNtilnis nun i'l'IT.lti-i. I)e liac intraliir in Insniam || ('ai.mdili, iiia};nani iV nTi-rtain Ix'Monini (uniiiiiin. Hrx riiis polon-i 0'«t niiilliim, i^ liciliim o>.| ri, qMaiuliK-uiimic, iS; (piil ii-lilici in rcjjni) vti Miulicribii.x, lie «)iiilnis ii'.lrrduin niat;niim innncruni lend piicrornin. Milli' ipiadrin^rtos liahcrc solct ;ul pr.TliaiKluni eliphanlcs, (|ncis >iiii nulriiinl villani pi'i* rcirniiiu. l'l<'|)liaMlsr xcniunt il>i »('nu'l in a"ni do oni- ni gcncTo pi^rimn niarinorinn, in nia\inia alnnidaniia: tS; pnchcnt si' (ininiluc iilxTi" capien- do- ad nianiiin. Nam & oun ip-c iipi (|nani|)lurcs. Vmli- iniiandum, (piod t.>ilc'm rrmporc anni ipi" su|)i"rdiiia c\lrahiiin' l.irina, iiicl, iV \inuni, ((iniii'niiiiil in Iwc isii piscfn: (|iiu amlio mirahilia Ifcit mid loiiipniT Dciis olini pnidiiicrc >iio Onirn, ipia' i"v in mcnioiia illiiis, \si|ue nunc, >ini;nli-i anni- inti^ iianlnr. \'.\ snni in Ikk- tcrrilcirin ir-iiidiiic- Icrriliili-i (piaiiliiaii-, /itijni" do in iiiiril)ii-. Hcni ac nobi- libn- dclii'.ilii- ac prccin-n- ( ilni-: nu-nlii'r, si \w\\ (|ija-ilam il idem \idciim Icsliidinum con- cha-, in (piarum \ n.i -c Ire- lumiincs dccullaiviil, sMnti|iic unincs miilluni allii toliri-.. Si hie \ir\\oralMs nmriiur, sopdiinr i^ wor \ nil i um co, (jiiaicnii-, sicnl il)i < rcdiinl, lia- bcant cam stalim sociam in scciilo alicm. (• A V V r. .*iO. I)c Rcj^nis CvniH'cplialorum, & alij-t Insuli--. PF,r marc ocoanniii puic-l liiiic \cniri in Insniam II Kall'a : <|iiicini(|nc ilii infirniari xidcturad nmricm, sii-pcndiinr ad arlnrcm, anlcijuani moriaiiir, Ntinnial) immiindis Urra- vcrniihiis, scd a cadi andiiis, (pij- rcpiil iiit Dei Annclo':, comcdalur. In alia Insula la. iuiii siins iiilirnids ante mcrtcm ali ciliiciis in hue ni:.i;iiis canibiis stran^ii- lari, mandncanu> in Kmiiiiiii) carnrs pro optimo Icrcido \ciralioiiis. Intcrposiiis a \iiliilis : iV super omncs \ nuni diii^unl lapidiin halnMlem (iO. coluriim varii'laics, (pii iS: Tracoidis Noialiir propter l|»os. Intraiur liinc per Occanum in renioncm Nicimorain, \el Naciimcrain, lialieuiem in cin ui- tu -paeium niilje Icinarnm : omnes ilii j^enili homines habeni capita ad lorinam canum, \ nde iV,; in (ir.Tco Cvnoecphali dii iinlur. Nii etiain incedinil liiidis corporiluis, cxccpio parni pari- niciili (iperiniciilo, seen tiora i^ la iV piwiiTiora retro te'.;i nie. I! ili. iial)ilis tainen nudlinn sinit ilii. i*t [ihirimuni \irliio-i, ac do onnii f. refaelo riuidam iiislitiam cxereenles. Sunt sla- tiira cli!: I'lles, rohu-ti e rpire, in |)r.eliis lanceam < um icrLjia lata f;crcntes, \irihtir(pu', \- BoulsaJa.uri!. prudeiiier ])iiir'iantes. Onnes pro deo ailoraiit Iioikmi, \ nde iV ipiijibet in Iroiiti- ar';entiaiu sen aiirea 11 ■•imililudinem bonis delVrt, iV si ([ueni \iuuni in pralio ci'pirint, --iiie \\\:\ ini- strati' nc UKinducant. Hex \i\ultu'n est dines & polrtis, ac dciiotns in su|)eiNiitione. Nam circa collum jjestat trecClas oiitntalcs mar_aritas, qinbns ipiotidie anl^ Konicstioncm orationessua-ci liii;it, (pient- admodum iio, colliu;imns. Paler nostcr, \c. Ac pr.Tterea P' rtal ad collum j| nd)etiim orieii- ta'e;M, nobilcin, puru'n, pulelirum, re-ji'ciuieiiteni. iV suniiiie pie.ioMun, ad loiiL;iiudiue:n pcdi.s luimani, queai luibct dilii;enlcr »i.ruare, ijuod Jum to caret non tcndur pro Kei^e. I'fo I VaTrJctJa. \,,|| Iriul.i Nh ITJ"I.l, \k\ N.1' a I tun till C( C( c; mi in <;(■ in t', \ s >. 1. JSInndcvil. xpcrltim est, «i- ui-> il)i |)ii<;iian.4, n I'li^tibiis noil mill. Hrx oiiis ) \li imilicribiis, s luiliori' soU't ad Muaiii vcrkc-*. (••'. (|ii.i-.i (li- om- lihi'i'i' t;i|)iiii- I c.'tlciii Ic-iiporc isccs: (|iiii nml)n oria illiii>, vxjue 11^ lic^i M' nobi- ii-.iiiilimini con- bi coliri-.. I il)i ( ri'cliint, ha- iliniati xidflurad iirni- \ciiiiil)iis, I caniluN >lraii;;ii- •-, lial)»'liir lii>iila ti( iilariliT |iri) Ifiii iV amiciiiu : I'.l >-i iii-(liic Ac alti'riiis iv iimrani tralicif rmibii>(|iio \f-('eii- Ics. Dili, mil jiri'- .ii|iri' imiiii'-: MUim ;r |)r(i|ilir i|)->la- iN, \irililii<|iic, & II Inuili' aiiM'iitcam iriiil, -iiio \l'a lui- circa ('(ilium j;i>-lat siia'>((Hifiil, qufiii- m li riiht'tuni uricii- 1, ad IcimiiudiiH'in idiir pro lU',t;i' I'ru m S. I. Mamkuil. THAFl'IQUES, AND DISCOUKIUES. Pro isto rarbiinrulo Grand Can Imprrator, per inRcnium, per insidiaa, ncr prcriiim, & PIT pr.TJiu siv[ib lalinraiiit, sod niliij prolVcit. l'<'-t islam apparel insula S\ llan, liabpiis Icii- cas (Ic- circuitii SO. (pia- paiicos habcl licmines im.pUT miilliludincm drai (.num. scrpcntiim, rrorcdiiorum in »m. Sunt aiilim ( roi-odili ^pi-i-iaUN scrpcnlcs col .ris virM;ulalidc (lorro iV.- ni'M-o, iiim (piiiltior criiribiis, iV- libii-* & talis pedum viifjulis. Alujiii horiim habcnt Ioii};i- nidiiH-m lacrvmaucrunt. In biiius I'lindo l;i( us nascuntur marfjarifa-, iSc habrnlur scmixT lapidc' predosi.' Solrnlqiio paiipcrcs tcrrii-, acccpla a Here licrnlia, scmcl in anno iiiurcdi, ac pi-iaii m'mina-', (|iii inlranU's \ii.;;iimI m- succo I.vmonsa-, conlra liiriidincs, ro- lubiiK, iS: scrpriilo-. Sn\ X dc lacii cITli.it riuiiliw per moniis dcscmsuni, in (|uo nonnim- quaiii maj-^arii.e iiiuoniunlur, i.^ jicinmiu; dicuiit eliam ibi nullum M-ncnainm animal noccrc ailuciiis. Ibi vidcnlur looncs albi in niir.i ma;;nitndiiic bourn nostroruin, iV- innll.T diiirrs.-c bcstia', ifv: aiirs, bcstiola', iV' auiiuhc ali inini ^pt-i icnim qiiam in partibus i-lis. Nam il i iV in iion- nullis alijs insulis vidi \num minim, dc iilis Mcridionalibus, do (luilnis i"v; I'liiiiiis, ^^L Mimstcrus. VErsus meridiem hiiu' lerri'iido per mare, inuenitiir renio speciosa nomine || Doudin : cuius rc\ im|)erat --eu jirincipalur .')!. re;;il)us in circnilu insularum. Diiin (piis bi( intiniialiir loiulil pro\imu-\mp' diiia, . Alia In>ula babel liciniiie-^ a-nn lu d( firpus, iiiiiil aiilein colli aul capilis ostendeiilcs, vndc I'v: Acei'hali minctipaiilur ; ociili s aiilem Iiabmt ai;le ad scapulas, tV' in loco pectoris os aper- luin ad fi rmam Iciri, cpio iiosiri caballi IV;eiiariliir. In alii Insula sunt fieiiles planis faciebus al)-(|iie cleiialionc nasorum, & palpebrarum cum paruis roraminilnis (Hiilorimi, \ si is>ura niodiia ( ris. I'.l in alia ;;eni(s cum superiore oris labio il.i lalo tV,: aniplo, M, iliiai \eliiil, lolam r.iiii.ni de illo legaiil. \l; I :. . • 1- •. :..'._ ....._,} ...i ..t: 109 Ali.i< fiirlc y.clUn. Crocudilr. II Vcl DcuJtia. Monoj^littiaU Mtifm>.4t. ;'rnia', ni^i quinl liabeni pedes . slia> cai)iant, ([uas ci'mediiiil, Cj iii'("> misorabililcr, \l de passu in passuiii \ idcanliir ca^uri in terra ni. Et in (piulain, se\um lam m.isculiiiiini, ipiaii; lu'iiiininuiii luibeiiles, qui diiiu masculiiio vluntur ner.i r.iiil, iliim ro'iiiiiiino, iiiipr, •;iiaiinii- ^S: paiiiinl. AU|;, \l in compindio niiilla (diicliidam, in sinjfiili.s jl, iiisulaiuiu iniit iiiunliir liomines, lornia, slalura, aclibus i>; moribus siii;;iilis ah iniiiccm H.tmaiiliro.lit.r f! •It lit * J ■»•»' '% i 110 Not I. Aiiilralit Uti* tU4to .1,1. iJt.l- diiimi i6. niinu' torum. H»f Mat Era- tosthriiii cu- ll ut it K). VOYAGF.S, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandtml- intiircm diflTcrentPs, do qiiiluH pdi'^t lirri dfNcripiio, iiuain porlraiHCn gratia breuitalis & caiisa iiirrcdiilitatis I'orii! qiu'iinulam .uidieiui'im. Ill \*U* aiilem iiitTiilioii.ilil n- |)artil>iis a|)|iarthat iiii'i ciciialio p li Anfarrtici 3.'{. gradiifi, CD l>». ininiili><. \'A scii'iulii (|iii)(l in I5i>lifi]'ii, ^ilnilill^ & in An^lia cic^nlur poIiH Arcli- ciis .V2. j^Milibus vfl cilra; Et in ij.irlibns ii,a»is scpti-n'iidnaiibii^, vl)i stmt Scoli (Vi. j;radi- bus cum quatnor ininiilis. Ex i\\w jiatct iT-picicnilo ad latiliidinoin cn-li, ([na- r^t dc poln ad pdliim, cpind itini-ntid mca liiit prr ipi niiiin Hori/.ot in splierx- tirriL- iV vltia, per quin- qui' jjradus, cum 'iO. minntis. Cum ergo seruiuluin Atfiolofjos, IdIih tcrrir rirciiilus sit .'il.iOO. milliarium, (x lo siacbj-* pro niilliario runiputaliH, i*i: spptinf'nta sta ba..'i5. I Sine I.atrtyn. Chinrtises ulim Cliiiituni. Aunt liuiuimodi etiam tjnri in liidiauiLiJrntjIi, trite Prtrfi Mar- lyre 111 Uccadf bus. C'ansav, vrl <|^uiii>ay, * iiul detcnjitio. ViTiumChinrnse il'prllaium ill- Jun. I)c bona Rpjjionc || Man cluis. r\'m i.:;itur tot & talia in istis Insidis vidimus niotiHira (ipia; si r^pli<-arrm scribcndo vi.t h loiii'niilnis omnia ( rcdorpntur) non ciirauinuis vltrriiH pro* i-fU'rc sub polo austrdi, nc in mail ra pcriiula incidcrcmus: scd propter aiiditam \' innisam noi)i>4 lainosiiatc-m poti'iitia-, imbilitalis, & ;;lori;r Impcratoris Tartarorum, xortdiam facirni ciim sixijs naui^are maf^is M'rsus Oricntrm. t'uiiique per uuiltxi diu'tas Nii.stinuisxMinis niulla prricula maris, pcruciii- nius in Kc>:iium |{ Manrhiis, quud est in confinil)iH supcrioris Indiu*. & i.i ^it irab vna parte Tartariie. Ilxr Rcj;io Mancinis, pro sui qiianlitatf rcputatur mclior, di-!e('tal)ili(>r, & om- nium l)onorum abundantior de bc intc^ram < iuitatem Clirisiiaiia.' liilci. N.im tV niaior pars Hegni credit in Christum. Ibi habctur in icui prci ii> copia rertim omnium, &: prfrcijiut^ vittualium: vnum genus est bi scrpcntiim in abiindaiiiia quod manducant ad omn»- '■unuiuium, iV ni>i pro tinah t'crculu ministrarrtur dc iliis 'crpcntibus, ronuiuium qui'tm mc "luiim diccrctur. Suntquc per hoc rcgnuin plcra'C]; ciuitatcs & Ecclcsia-, 8c rdbgioncs, quas instituit dux Ogcrus, t|uia hoc c^t vnum de quindccim regnis qua; quxsiuit, sicut inira (jicctur. Iliic sunt elegantes albrc gallinu', quu; noii vcstiuntur phimis vt ii' str;u, sed optima lana || Canes aquatici, quos nos lutras nominamus, sunt ibi multi cdomiti, quixl quuties inittuntur in tinmen, cxportant domino ])isccm. Ab hoc loco per aliquas di;clas, venitur ad huius rcgionis maximam vrbcm Cansay, hcc est (licere ciuitatem ccrli, imo dc vniucrso orbe tcrr.irum piitatur ha-c maxima Ciuitatum ; nam cius circuitus 50. Icucis est mensiis, ncc est facile dicere, quam ( ompress^ a quampluri- mis populis inhabitatur. Hut >.rdet in lacu maris, qiiemadmodum, & Wiulia-' & haben- tur in ea plurcs quain mille duccnii pontes, & in (piolibet liirrcs mir.T magiiitudinis, a(' foriitudinis, munitie peruigili cuslodia, & pro \rbe tueiida contra Imperatorem Grand Can. .Mulii sunt ibi Christian!, & mult.T Rcligionrs Christianorum, scd & de ordinibus Minn- rum, 8c pradicjitorum, aiisinli. Ml* in iiatfin poti-ntia-, s nauigare inagi.i ) maris, prriiviii- ;it ir al> vna parte i'tal)ilii>r, & oni- iiinc>i, bcsiia", & [*iitiir in vna i iui- i loco barlj.T, lia- liiin noiiiroM vidc- & iniraliamur, 8c major parii liegni : viiiirn genus est pro tinali fcrculu ()uns instituit dux (iicctur. si'd optima lana I (piuties inilluiitur rl)iMn Cansay, hoc la.xiina ('iiiilaliitn ; ■i'sm"' a quampluri- ■niti.T : & lialicu- lir.T inagnitudinix, ipcratoriMn Grand c (iriliiiil)us Mino- tas I'x iliiicrsis na- nppt'liatiir Higon. iia M'd I'agaiia: h bus, 8c arhu-ti-:, in nl);il)iiant bistiiilii- ad varia & nuilta OuMii Omni autem die post rerectionem conucntu« Abbatiar, qui est \Mb monachosus, dcferun- tur rcliquio! ciborum cum magno additainento, in vasis auro luccnliluis ad liunc hortum: & ad Honitum campana- argenti-ac, qiiam Elccmoiynariii!* manu gcHtat dcsrcndcntcs, & oc- ciirrentcH dc bcstiolin duo millia aiit piurcs icse componunt rc-idcrc ad circulum more pau- pcrum mendicorum, & traditur singulis per seruos aliqiiid dc his cibarijx, ac dciui6 audita campana scgregando iccurrunJ: Cumquc nos tanquam rcdargucntcs, diccrcmus cur haec non darentur egcnis, rcspondprunt, illic pauprrcs non habcntur, quod si inuenircntur, po- tius taincn dari debcrcnt bcsiiolis. Mabet cnim eorum pcrfidia, & Paganissiinus, aninias nobilium hominum post mortem ingrcdi coriiora nobilium bcstiarum, & aniinas ignobiliinn corpora bcstiarum ignobiliinn & vilium, ad lucnda videlicet crimina, donee pcracta pa;ni-p»i,a opinio d. tenlia ti-aseant in I'aradisum: idooque nntriunt, prout dicunf, has nobiiiorcs bcstias, ''iue J^'.™'™",.'""*' besiiolas, qu6d a (piibusdam nobilibus rundahatur in principio hxc Abbatia. Multa sunt alia mira in hac ciuitatc, dc quibus sciatis, quod non omnia vubis recitabo. C A P V T. 33. De Pygmxis, & dc itinerc vsque in prouinciam Cathay. EVndo per Ilcgioncm candeni >i dicta ciuifatc Cansay, ad sex dielxs venitur ad nobilcm vrbcm II Tvlenso, cuius muri iier circuitum tendunt ad spaciuin 20. || Icucarum: & sunt 6(). P, y''?^""'"* pctrini ponies, quibus iiullos memini pulchriores. In ista fuit prima scdes rcgiii Mangi, ncc immcrit6, rum sit munita, delcctabilis, & abiindans omnibus bonis, ac deindc in prcdicta Cansay, nunc autem tenctiir in quadain alia ciuitate. Nota, quilibet ignis soliiit qiiolibrt anno vnum balls pro tributo, quod valet vnum florcnum Triiiutum. cum diinidio, srd omncs famuli de domo vna |)ro viio igne computantur; siimina ignium irj. '•''"'"""""'• butalium, octie^< rentiim millia. lieliqiii vcrii Christiani incrcatorcs, in isto vico non coinpu- Coriavictuaiiutn lantur. Copia est ibi victualiuin. m Chim. Qu.itnor fratres ininorcs vnum p dicitur Iam, & niiilta pne-tan- proprio He^i irilniia, quoiiiam sicut ilii de ciuitatc laten- nobiiii, fur, valet a.i.iu^ regi (|iiini|Mg.iita niilia cuinan (loiei;ori:m auri. Nota. In lamthau ciuitaie e^t coniicntus IVatruiu minjrum: ia hac -sunt trcs !•>( Itsiic Mo- nastcriorum: lanicli.m CluiUl I I, fi; \ Ill VOYACrs, VAIMCATIONS, S I. Mundtuil. Summ tti''iili vniui C'luttali). Cnilt.ii Mike. M.ikint.« ti.iiui. I Slur l.intcnit. I Vil Cue. ItlUIUII. Cithiy Cil.iv priiui|u)it ) lo- UIIUIJ. • Eitgirmigii. Vilitiiirnci. Vtl t'imhjii.k. CiMlj tiuiiat. na'«tprii)riiin ; rcdilin Hiinul a-.coiulit :iil I'i. ririiaii. ()il( rini'*, \'iiih riiman r^t ilorpm iril- liiim. Siinnna Irllmii aumii, (|iiiii(|ii ijjm.i iiiilln ini|!iiiiM IT irrMrnm, \>\ \\\'\* iia'-qiir par- lil)iis ii):i){iKH iMiiiicroniin mimiiim^ (-linui il |ut ('iiin:iii, iiiinicniiM 10. iiiilliiiin ([iii H in I'la- ininivi (licitiir laiic Ad (|uiii(|iic Iciicnt ah liac liiiii.ilc •'"I all i ilii 1 1 Mcl.i-, in qua liiint ilc qiird md all)ii-.iiiii /zciuTc li<{iii iiaiu'H inaNiinit' I'liiii aidU fc ihaliin)i'<, w iiiiilii-i adilii'ijs lanqiiaiu I'alaliiiin li'lliin- riiml.itiim. Iiidi' per idiin rci^niim ad \I.iin oclo diflanim pi r atni;iiii diilirm, mullat prr riiiitatrs, & bunas \illa-i, Neiiiniii- !| ! iiulioriin, (OiIoi'u'ih Mpprllai |.(M>iin,) vi'bcm (ormi am o|)iim- qiii- inauniniin, sii.irii ^iipcr (liiim-n iiiauiuim |l C.ii annTaii. II f lliiim-ii Iran-il per incdinin C'allia\. ciii aipia iiilcrl daimiimi, (pi:iiidia pi'inini ia ot nuiltnin disimM, :i(' pi /ii.i i iuii.iiiliii'<, U oppidi(pu' ii'lVila n\ci( iiiuinij-*, niisinii' Mrir. -is dpciiliU-, iV arninalui* ►pc(i( l"M«. Nauinnido pi'rditlnin llnnu'ii mtsus Oiirnlcn, \ iiiiicr:inili> jii'i" iia if ("alliny pmnitK iam ail Mitdia- ditla« ptr |>lurinia- mIun \ villas, vcnitiir in ciiiil iicni • ,Siii;ariiiaj;ii, aliinidan- liiircni iinnilinsin men t-nioniis aiil('di<'lis, ijiiando -criiiint ('"t Ini' \ilisiiinnin . (piadra^^inla* libra' liabcniiir ibi pnt di-cJMU (Inrciiis. All liac 1 iuilali", iiudtis ( inil.ilib. s pcrrgralis MT-n» Oiii iiltin. \ciii a I ciiiilalcni (".inibaln, .u\lii'.i. >p>^c latiinit it \iuinti bri' liiuaruiii, duodoriin liabciis pnrias a sc di»tantrs iimplii'is (pi.nn ."•ladia ^4. (■ A V V ;(K 1 ! r li PaUtii Imj'fra- tdrn (Ji.ii.d C'jn drs^rijtiti. Dc pali.itio Impir.ii ri- (ir.iiul Cm. I'alatiiiin Impcralnrls (irand Can, qiidd (-.t in Cisda {iuit.iio, continrt in ciri uitii prcpnj ivmrali- vllr.'i dii.i-. Kncas, iS. Mint in en aula' ipi.nn pbiris, in Inrma iHibilc-, \ in mati-ria ik - bilicircs. AnI.i anlcm scdi-, t\\\;v c«t ina\lnic r.itcrariim, liabct iiitriii>«'( ns pro sni sn«ti'nla- lii)iu" '-i4. irrca-. riltimnas I'i.cias iipcrc liisi.rid, dc atiro piiro, \ oiniics p,irl( Ic- .ib iiitu-. (>|)rr- tas pcllibus qiKiniiidam animaliiiin, (jiia- Ndcanliir I'anlhciTs; liii- smi^nimi -iml ((dmi-, \ ita rcini< antes, mSoIc dc-iipcr rclurcntc, \i\ ociibis vali'al lumiainis siillcrro splcndnrcin, taniaqiR- franaiitiiv, \t ilii a|)pni\im irc mm po-scl acr inl'ci lii«. siidc iS: ist.i opcrtiira p.iric- tiim a|)prct iaiiir >upcr t( ;:m( ii anrc.inim lamiii.iriim. N inupic stnitornm aliipii I'.i'jam.rnm biiiii-iMndi adorint animalia propter rolcriim, odi- n'iii.<|iic virtulcin. I'ropo»ui rctr.ilurc ( al.iiiuim ,'i dc st i ibcnd.i tiipbilitatc, ^;iibcrnatii>nc, \ niiiii-trai'itiii li-cfiuciilia, .itcp c liiip.i'.itcris niai;nili( cnti.i : allamcn ( ios, ac inenidibiie-, iiom diinitta:n in toto. (JuidiiKpie eiiim i ihil crediiiil, iiiliii sciunt, neqiie erudiri iio^sniit, .Scriptiira 'e^tanfc, si iioii eredidcritii non iniellij;el!-. l)iioerj;(), iV vcre dieo, (piod in hiiiiis aiii.'c eapile sit ilirnmis, vel sedes Imperialis, exeel-ii.. & einiiiens in aseensu yiadiiiitn ( ilncin mil- Hit ii:t'"qiir |>ar- iin ([tu H in Vh- I'll III! :illii'<' iini )u]uiii> I'.iialiuni IM". per (■iiiii;it(N, Inrnii im ()|uim- iM'-ii |)( 1° iiu'diiim iTiii.i. Miniix ill I'.iri iriii', (III lain £: (<|)|>i(li4 bonit, >, &: ar«iiiuliri« itlmv pnnrmiiain ii'in.i'.'ii, iiliiinilan- iin . (|ii:Klrai;iiila- iiil.ilcm Ciinlialii, tlintiiliiiin iniliai'c ri:i in pnriaiii iliii li.iliilalnriliiii plr- lariiillt ('(111 Ti'ii- c^lriiim, iS; Ddiiii- iis \rl)>i Cindii, \Wi .\ml'iiii"> .iiilcm itpt ;mi|)iiiii (|iKMii in ( irc iiiiii proprri i. \ in maiiTKi m - iw pro Miii «>u»tonl;i- i( ic-. all iiiliN opcr- iK i -iinl ( elm \-, iV illi'iii' splcndorciM, jsia i>|UMliii'a p.iric pier roliriini. odn- !•, j;iil)crii:i(it>iu', \ ( rrpi ri;i>, pruptcr ciiiin I'iliil jTtdiiiit, lis lion inU'llincli-. Iiniirriali", cxcrUnv ilciKiria iiiaic-l.ilc. iti ;cinnii'«, \ iapiililv,^ i|)ldil'ii>', vip'itc |iri- •.ii|)r('iiiiiin ;iradiiiii, • linnali, :wn> Miluli . & ii.l.il- S. I. .yTivutcttil. TnAFriQuns, and DiscouF.nins. 113 «c niliili'iiiiniix p'^'r Kiiprrflcicm anri. di-iintfii ncininaii. flnnilt'rqiie incliml Inpill! carl, cum (irifiiialil)ii^ Marj»,iriliN, •lUininiiaH autt-m cum (crciilo rcsidcniiir in noliiliiaU' ox( ixioiiii. ^: ('abrirailiira .ipt-ris lam diiicrsa iM, & iiiira, vC pariiilatem mci iiiKcnij oxccdat, qiiamobrcm & ci trdd, vlifrii'iMqiip prorcdti. Ad Impcraf"*' - nini-tlraiu gradii vii" ba-dtior, est ncdfn mirc priiiin< coniii^iH, tola dc iatpidi- Imih auni circunv wi-, tfc in »iipci(i(ii' "ula- distimlir gcinmiihi- ciini jjianellis rode -rlu-malc, tc Himilili-r ck i -pidc. Scd adiiiic Niil)mi><- l>^diual^ in cdiiHiiuilibus scdibiH nobilcs pi'dxiini dc cognitidnc Itnpcriali. Iicin sii|)i'r ihrdiiiini fie dcsiipcr ante ipsiuM ilirdiii Idcuin, tanquani pro rclalo scu nprri- nicnld ill lliriiiid rcsidciiliiini, ^ roruiii niiiHlranliiiin, est cxlcnsa siinililudo \llis opcrala in paliniiibii'^, \ paiiipiiiis, dc aui'd purn ad cxlcii-innciii cubiidriiin (luadra^inla, |>cr (piadriim, at(|uc per cam dcpcndcnici boiri vuarum dc f;rmniis, fie (.'raiicllis (|uiiiqiic ( olonim, qunrum nlbi Mini dc clirisiillo iS: bcryllo, i^ irisirocci dc lopa/.io iSc fulud chrisialld, rubri dc rube* foniMi niani-i, (diallo, iV .ilibundiiiis, \iridts di Siiiaraj^di.s, pyrojiit, fie chry.sojylis, nigri, dc ciiiic liiiiis, yaticlis, \' jjcralcris. I'cinpdrc prandij in l)a( aula, linpcrnlcr ^: biipcralri( cs, & quisq; dc prirdirtis habct iiM'ii-aiii sjbi sdlani, qii.irum vilior pni iialcl ihcHaurd urandi. Ill ■.diciiiiilatibiis jidnilur iiiciis.i Inijicraldri dc r \(iuisild clc( tro, scu dc aiiro cxaminald, disiiiK la dianunililius, & iidbis i;:^iioiis in (oniparabilibiis gcnimis, (|iiaiid(Hpic dc c lirisiallo p<'rspi('ud, scu crocro, ( ircuiiuiusa atini cum ^cmmis : tpiandf'xpic dc Il.Tmalisio, (piaiido- |uc dc cborc caudidd, \cl riibicundo ; inicrdum dc lij^no arliliciosc cdmbiiiahi, (pidd dcsccn- il per llumina dc I'aradiso. Idciii dicil Odcricus. liis mcii-is aslaiil Itarmics, \ I'riiicipcs pro \asallis allcnU'' in siiis oflicijs miuislranlcs, <|iidiiiin IICC Mills I'iniiUTc Ncriiiim aliipia piicsumil audacia, nisi Inipcraiorc aiiiiucnlc, \cl ad ilium IcKpiciiic, illis dutaxal cxccptis, (pii ccriis iiiicrspaliJH camiiil, aul rccitant dc priii- ripiiin f-cstis. r.l iKJ.iiidiim, quamlii in lice solio Maicsiatis dirbus •.dlcnnibus reside! Iinpcratdr, siibsi- dcrc ad pedes ciiis ncilarios cpialuor, (pii omiic (piod Ddiiiiiuis luquilur, sin^uli ponuni in scriplis: nam quddi'uiKjUc liiMC c\ (ire illius ei^rcdiiiir, iieces>c est esse, vcl cflici, ncc valet item ipse verbum snum imil.irc, nee rciidcirt-, nisi ma}j;no cdiisilid cdnudcalo. N'liiucrsa Nleiisjlia (|iiil)iis in -dli nnilalc ad has scniiliir inciisas, siinl dc nobilibiH petrin aurd ri( liisi-, Cx plii dc Smar.iL;(li«, vcl Sajili) ris, idpasijs, p\ rdpis, -iiic ;jrvdi)liis : & priun- liiriiuis (lifbus, deauri) probaio ciiaiii in ( aincris, \- ciibi( uiis, ncc repulalur ibi claritaiiar- ^^enli, iii«i pni |)iiariis, ( (ilumnis, uradibu-, iS: pauimcniis. I-iiiis :iutein iisiia aulic, diiin in ea reside!, aul dc.inibulit Impcrator, mulli Raroncs in- ben^ ver- ve! habita- coitiu^li, linj>cr4« iiirii. N'dci lonluiill Siiriiim lulilrcrU i.nnnorumiiiU rrtmufenili Inw {)t-r.il>jni tilij lejri. :i ','rc>«iim »cruanl iiitciiiO-, iS: iic iimen lan'.^alur, <|Udil In c luibcrenl ]iro ,iui;urid, iv: licr.ir(iur. ijiiia Inipcralorc pi.c-cnie, nemo nisi addui lus in ipiacunquc camera, \ lidiic iiili' inillilur, ddiici iiilciTd;;alus iu^seri! Inipcraldr. I.aiitiiiliiiein luiiiis IJasilic-i' M-iiino ad ^paliiim dc ineis pedihus reiilum, & lon<;iludincm \llr.~i (pialiidr (cnlum. In ( ubiculo auiem ltc;;is ddrinildrid, tonsial vnus pillarius, sen co- liimiia dc aiiro sdliilo iS: carlmnculus Cdiulusiis in illo Idii^iludinis jicdis \iiius, tdliim liabila- 1 iiliiin (Ic iidctc pcrfiindciis luminc clard, llic jirdUl ef;o noiaiii, non csi |)lcn^ riibcus, scd Miliruliis, cpn-i Kiioris Maiiiaiisiini. I'drro in vna aularuni, ( irc.\ medium |)alalii, est alius 11^. Odcriii.s iliiii pigma, super (|uem dum placel, slai, vcl rcsidct bnpcralor, Man lim Itnj'rrjtuirj. ( iltnitiLuUii rirtpknilcii}. fl % iC, I' » \cc Id ■Us a-'Ccii II. li ditissiini: .: 1 ' 'It ' 114 VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandiuil. pibt; ;m inMir ni.i. I'l Ofi'idi. Pro In Jsi irtcl- lu- r Ir .. iSIX[V1t- b^Jui. M.iiidruiltus yvx si'aciitni If. mtiiiiiitti mil.ti- ml (Iraiiil '.'.in. Vi\,lin (.•..■■,l)i. lit uit)U3 3iini>. 8fx .Mima)] fi muliiiiim. m.l)l ojiillnril. Di'Ctiii Cumjn ffdiluni, Mrdict Clir«i- 4ni 1 ^. ;ii ..uli V'luii C innti CKllllllCt lliCflll millM, vt 111 • »!■■ .VI- M.itirti iV v'uno Vhl [lapyTu, •iiatlior ft'lj. ditissimi etiam opcraliw, ex auro, ijcnimLs, baccis, marnaiiii'), & lapiilibus raris, & in qua- tuor aiigulis, imaaiius qiiatuor,>ierponium de auro piiro. Huius per tria lateri dependent rciia sen Cdrtina" do cordnli.') seriris, in qiiibim ad sin^uiofi nrdos, tTOHsa n)arj;arifa luibctiir iiini'xn. (piibns cdrtiMi-; ti-^itnr ollicina : in eius ronranitate lenetur tuniba quadrala, in qna ronneniiint ((indurtiis omnium potuum, (|iii bibunfur in Curia, «S: innumera \asorum ;j;cnera. quibus potus omnibus ministratur. Friutcroa, iuxta palatii anibitU'ii, halutur ^r.nulis parci spaci.nncntiim, dinrrsi jiencris ar- boiibu-, r^'plctuni, iruclu-. torcniibns varios, & nobis inuisns, iV: in parte media, aula super cxi'olsum collcm i>it Ooniinus pro soljiio respicerc volu- criim auciiparii n s, bcsliaruin \ei a'lonrs, \- pi-cium u^ rara sinl opjiida cinn plunbus nian- .si<)nd)iis, (ji'Mim in i>to palalMi (-ontinrniur. 'I'ola ,i-.lali' iiionliir in Indin terra t'r >;iili>i'rp, in liveine in Cainbaln. Odericns. ]'r,T er pilatiuin Imr in Cavdo. habet liiipiralor ?.iii,iliitT Iria : \num in rinilate Sadns, vcr 11- •"^eplentrioncin. vbi conipetens est Irifius, ihi nioraliir in .estate. Canibalii, vi)i <(>m- pelens cdnr, ihi moratnr hye iic. 'IVrtium in ciuit itc I 'iii;h, in cpio & in i-.lo ("a\d.', vt sjcpiiLs seruat sedem, eo ipiod in istis e.'»t air maj;is tempcraius, quairuis (.( niper ealidus vi- deiur Nu>tratibus. (' .\ V V T. .S."». De (iiiatiinr . mcn.ibus, i\ ecrte iiiueniinus nnilio maiorcm partem hctniiuim, in inediam parti in nol)i< non ru:s.|ri locuin halieiit in Curia sua sj)ecialiter, \' fc-ti^ rliilnis ■.iitulis daiit jjenediclioni'm, Odericns. I't quoniain Iinpcratcr liabet sili-p'i'rcs ipiani dci ciii inille l'.li'[)hant<'s cdomitos. <.V \t!ut xitra iniinerum alias lies- ta-, ( <|iiaiii <|i,.e'ia II tci'eiiliir in (auei-, slabulis iiiirairhihii^, \el ealeni>,) nee no i*i; aue» rapaii'., \: ac cipitre^, l'.il( ours, (winmi's, j^rvfandos entile-, Laueroys, iV' Satyros, sed iV a;ii(ii!a- I. qiicntf*, \ p.ipinnns. & sim les, aliiisqiie eaiitanles: repiitalurnunierus luiminiim (le isiis curam h 'auo.cm ;;erentiiim, \l(r.i sex ciiman, & |)riL'lerea ius;iterad Curiam eipiiles cum |)!en:iiiis aniiuiiiri'i. (|ii;ni|iie ciimaii, iV de pcditibiis ( um pra'liandi arniatiiris, cumaii di'ceni. Sed & onini'- do intiKio (|iiacuiujue mundi venionlcs, qui petiinl destribi pro Cu- rl i rcclpiiintiii'. Sic oiiim iii»-ll linixTalor. Ila!)ci iS: modicos r.i.;;in(is vii;inii, \- f(>tidem Phvsicos, alcpio ■-ine his Medicos Christiancs (iiii .'iiiiis, I'v toti.Liii l'liy.i( (i-i, (iiioiiiain i>to Cmmiu! Can niaiorcm ^crit cunlidontiam in Mo- di( i> Clri-t aiiis, (|ii.'i:n in su;e propria- nalii'iii-. inedicis. Hoc or.;u (irmllor >.cias, qu 'd de Curia lienis accipiuni necessaiia sua iii;iilor xlira iriu;iiita ciiinai homii'iiiM, pr.etcr oxponsas aiiiinalium i't voliicrum, cum tainen in fosiis maioribiis s:n! homilies proiH"" m dii()! i lanli. Nee valet hic dominus defectiim vHum pali pecuiiia-, c6 (pin I in i.-rra -ua non cunii ni iiota i\c ar;,'onlo, vel auro, alioue inctalio, scd i.intum de co- ri.i \el pipvro; !.(iriim ci.m Iniaii donarinruiu sijriio Iini)oratoris impresscniin prociaiiir mi- ll ins .mi inaioris \atori-, sccuMliini diiicr>ifatem impresNionis, qui per visitationem, dolril: vol riipii, ( um ad IU^i>i thesuirarios dofcr;:nliir, protinus dantur pro illis noiii. Q at. r ill anno colobrai bnp rafor fesliuitates solcnnfs. I'rimani de die propria: Nutiiiitatis. Sceundani I' A I ni il lidi dii; tra irai mi III sui >">: val I'oi /r.i' t "•»>. /. Mandcvil. raris, & in qua- libiis ail < ar- icilia, .lula super ad |)r;i'-.in><, iioii liiliim vltra (|Uod (inn iliiicrsoruni ciconiannn, ar- iinillii" sylucstrc'* I) rcspiciTC volu- lun piuribiis nian- )(k'ritiH. in riiiilali' S.ulnx, niii).!]!!, vhi ciiin- in i-lo ("a\(l ', vt . mi per (aliilus \i- aturis, tradiilimiis t i'liinius apiul ip- in nii'iliain partem liuTum, ) ijui intra abcnt in f'nria sua pnmiatn Impiratir iiiniTuni alias bi's- .. ) iifc no & aiirs \.- Satvriis, sell iV ninnerus hominiini ■ ail Ciiriain e(|uiti's i arniatnris, ciiniaii !it ilescribi pro C'li- Icdifos Cliristiani's inlidcntiani in Me- i;iiter \ltra Irininla ill Testis inai()ril)iM m |)ati peciiiiia-, ci'i sed i.intuin de rn- iriini prei iatiir nii- i^itationcm, detrit: noiii. S. I. Mamleuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUFIMES. lib Soruiulam de die sii.-c prim.T praiscntationis in coruin Teinplo, quod appellant Moscath, vhi A; lit i.is "es'-io quod jrenus rircuincisionis. ^"J^Z"'"' Tcitiain in thronizatione sui Idoii in Tcmplo. Uuartain de die quo Idohim cepit dare respnnsum, sen faierc diabolica mira. PJurcs enim in anno iion tenet M>lennitafes, nisi si quaiido nuptias Hlij aut filia' eelebrat. Iiaqiu- in isli-i solcnnitatibiis est pninili miilfitudo absipie nnmero, omnes timen in ordinc uescriiti,. i-om- dibito, k sinu'uli iiifendentes proprio iniiiisterio: nam ad Iioe ordinaiuliim, & di.-Minfiidum, [jj^;;;"™'"- electa sunt (jualMor IJaronuin n()i,.iium genera, ex quibns nonnulli sunt He^es, & aiij Kqni- tc> poK'iitfs, Duces, & Marchinnes, omnes indtiti holo-ericis, quil)us iuierti cii certa di,'lca ad aliquai'tam nviram simili mododicii alius philosophorum, minimus digitus in aurc: & ccce hoc oiniK-s laciunt, donee dicat, siiflicit : sie in aliam horain, seu moram dicit, itia- nus \es|ra super os, i\: |)i stea luaniis siiikt caput. Atqiie in hunc modum iuxta temporis ( ursum imp lumt facieiuia si;;na diiiersa. ImuuiMt in eis latere ina^na mystcria, & ipiodli- btt h;rum laclonun nu-lodia terniinat Miisi-oni:n. Kt sciaiis me quandoqiie in tempore op- Mindtuiiii in- poriuno ab eis inierro^as-e de his siguis, qui rospoiidcruni quoJ inclinare caput Domino ad ''""gjtio. illiiis hcrie momenliim, toret conlirmatio omnibus ilicbus vit;e su:e, ad obediendum ipsi iS: lidelitatem obsiniandam imperio, ncc |)cs,!e corninipi promissioiubus sine ilonis, (|u6dquc di^ilur.) in auricula imponcre, obluratio e»l auditus contra iiiunia Imperatori, ^^ Im])erio con- fraria. Et sir dc sii,.;ulis factis singula mystcria ciMilinirentcs decipiunt atidientcs : horum iiaque fraudulento ingonii), istc Grand Can fe'stiuati;-, in n nisi ad taliiim itidiciiun parari pcr- niittit cibaria, aut fieri indumenta pro suo corpore. Dum autem est visinn (^iriie jMibernaforibus satis de pr.cdictis auditum, faciinil procjania- Icics vilciitiiuu imperari, i\: incipil lieri oHerenda Imperatori hoc niido. Intrant omnes qui oifnoij imp*, sunt de cognaiioue linperatoris J$ariines adornati nobilissime j)ro cuiusqiie deceiitia balteis, "'""'''"'' .'t indiimentis, qu(>riun primus cum resonaiile symplmiiia pra-mittit ad obialionem quutquot \a!et de dextrarijs albis, iV inrlinans ante thronum pertraiisit, atqueper cindem modunisin- giili Uaronum ollerenfes alitpiid dignuiii iocale iiiclinant transeuntes, silentio firmc seruato. Post hoH intrantes siniili r , :^f? ff pral; Sceundain Q2 iigioni rum .1- ll' 1' [■ 1 .i it •hill 1 f m { \ 116 Bdiedictio jtrs- liti. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. /. Alandeuil. Dfplorat Paga- solum tciiebras. Injignis Mandf uilli picLLS A: dcMiJcrimn ^i n- UCIilOlllS i'lliJJ- ilOIUIU. Slituto sacrosuiKl.i' uialris Ixclesia", in qua sola peiie al) oinni circumferenlia orbis terra- (ides, cpiie sakiat, iV j)er clilectioncii) o])iTalur nunc remansit. Ivi orcmus inst.iniLT pro ip~is Pajiai!i>, \t ai;nil.i \eriialis luce vidcn" pos^^int (]uu .imliul iiit,. \t pcriieiii,\nt ail K'suni Christum coaipialcm Dei tiliuni, alcpic in ipso, I'v per ipsuni Luid.irc & adorare .solum \num scrum Deiun, Capvt. .'{(), Dc ludis & pr;e>ti;;iis in suo fe>ti, iSi ilc suo coniilatu. CFJcbr.ito post hoc pr.inilio satis morose, (juia iunu|Uain est \llr.i semel cdendiim in die, do quo \' (ins adminislralione iin:;c loii!;um c-t scribere, : (Nunt i;esli( iilatores, miri\i-.u, suaiiiai|; auililu |)edil)iis, nianjlni-, br.uliij-, lunncris, c:i[)itil)us, iV: toio corpore, ac ad siii- jjwlos fjeslus, correspodetesdebilo vocis xmo. lit semper line horu mirabiliu (antilena sub- se(]uiiur musicorfi Kx hoc iociilatores |)ni-.to ",::'.t, \ .MaL;i, (pii suis iiuanlationibus pnes- tat pne^liuia niulta. Inprimi^ l.uiuiit xideri Solcm I'v: Iniiam, orietido, discendeiido consueluin diei intra H > silic.im pi ra^, re cur'nni, ( um lani i uimielale splcndoris, \ t \ i\ >e inuicem hnmiiu ^ valcanf r<'( OL'uoscere pi,T liiijiore, diccnies \ ineMtienics, Sulem iV I.iuiam i a'li banc niiidre retic- renliam Inijjeralori. llii.c pan iiiilo comparcnt sj)e(iis;e ])uell;v (hirere scmjias \- dinrcns, ncbiii iie^tu U' bi- lissin'um lerre picnlum laclis ecpiarum in auri is \asi-, de quo, poneutts se in j;enil)us, tr.i- dnrt potum (hniinis & dominalni^. TiMic pi riantur iS: milites in ecpiis, S; armis quoi); iileni aicpie parali, (jiii rcruentibu*^ ^r- nipedilus e iiuiirem cn^pidibus ad fr:i!;orein magnum (dnli'4Cllle^ laiKca- ( ominii-.uurf. \- fraj;menia per nieiisas, \ paiiiment.i di^currunl. .\c deiiide I'anlaNtii ■• venailur per ania.u, cum iambus iVi: papionibus, ail ( crnos, lupi^, \rso-.. \ apri'>, ad lc|)ore-, it niarnirt.is. (Ji,,!' si i;ula i um ad hor.:m p.i-caiit \ana delei taliMiie ser--!i- ( < rpireo.. ini^iriam l.imi n in^eiiii;t pia- nienli, quod tot iV tanti hnmines, uci;lc(la prorsus animi s.jhite, hisdia: olicis opcrat'oni- bu> sedederunt in toin. Nam cerlo non ii.i sine (heiiionum consol.itioiie iSj j.imiii.u'itaii pi.c- missa confit)'.;! dicercm. Nita: a Cambalu ad viginii dietas, e-t pul(hru:n nenni- pirans ocio dii fas iu ( irciiitu, in i d( scit Icrir crib aiilc ciirr J' n S. 7. JSIandeuil. pralatorum bc- r>a' bcstiic, qiia- lafrcninturaqui- luici'lis, nee noii t oinnes terrenas * pcrlcctis, ambulant: dia- pcrator sit homo brcui cmn i])-um l.nul.irc (■(liMuliim ill (lie, iinri's, niir I \isii, rpon', AC m\ siii- iliii I antili'iia Mih- iiiialionibii-i pr.r— liiiil dii'i iiiira H;- II iKiiuiiu-^ valcani lanc niiiicrc iimic- ni'tii'.i !;c»tii iv l/i- •e in J;('nil)ll^, tr.i- pii ('(•rnt'niibii< ^c- ~ (■iiniiiiir.niitf. \- ■nai'tur jxr aula.n, k niarnii't.w. Qij.i' Mil lanu ri in-fiur.t i! (.li(i» iipciat'oiii- ; l.iniiiiantali pi.i- tas ill (irciiitti, in nil) v<"l (iiiatlrirt;- ■inillimliir \' am--, sibi >ilaiii. T. iic •A a, hue i"^t, ni 'Ki cccdcntibiis ad -u.i S. I. Mandeuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS. Il'< Pr,-Btcrc:\ ante Imperatoris mcnsam eriguntur lalas tabiilas aurea: rum sculptis, ac si viuc- rcnl, iinasinibiis Kailorinn, paiionuin ac diiiersariini volucrnm artificiost-, cpias pracstigialor fat it pro libitii sine apprchcnsionc manns ire, tripudiare, chorizarc, Iremerc, compugnare, bibrre, niandiicarc, sed & raiilare : quod quidcin inter cx-leia niihi vidcbalur mirabilius & aspcitii dflcrlabilius. Nuiiu« istnd picne intueri potiiit, nisi qui erat in throno vel circa: & nic oportct hoc loco fatcri stultitiam propriain, quod hac delectationc tractus, magnam ad- hihiii apud Artistani dili-ciitiaiti, verbis blandis, & quibuscunquc nuimisculis, ac niciioribus promis>is, (juod dc tali iiiiiii traderet arteni, qui sagax siniiil & ("aliax imprimis, spem meam trahi-bat sponsionum fiiiiibiis : sod at vltimiim penitiYs alxscindcixit, dicens se vouisse Deo im- niorlali, nc ciiiqiiam doceret nisi proprio (ilio scniori, ac pi-r hoc me Dcus ab illo malo con- scniauit inuituin, & gratias nunc rcddcntcm. CiTtuii) cs: illic homines esse sulitiles ad quasdam humanas artes, & ingeniosos ad fraudes super omnes, qnas noui miindi partes, vndc & inter se dicunt prouerbium, sc solos viderc duobiN oculis, iV rhristianos vno, CTtcrns autem homines ctcos : scd mentitur iniquitas sibi, quoniam ipsi \ident solo oculo terrena & transitoria, & iios Christiaiii duobus, quia cum ter- renis vidcinus spirilualia, it inansura : percussit enim * Naas, id est, hnmani generis hoitis cum illi> la'dus, vt eriieret omnibus oculos dextros. scilicet spirituales. Ciiin itaquc narratade pra-inissis dibeaiit sulliccre, qiiando Imperalor Grand Can de vno qualuor paialioriim adaliud iransire \elit, vel Forte gralia \isitationis autardui negoiii per hn- perium de Regno ad Hognum tendit per comitatus, (|iiatuoi- excrcitibus anti; & retro, & c,\ ambolius lateribus. Primus exercitus |)r.Tci'dit personam Regis per Minm de suis dieti-", vt semper in liosiiitiuii de (111(1 reces^it exerciius Hex intret nocte sequenti,& est hie primus comiiatusdescripiiis, & statiitus de niinieni quin<|Ua<;iiita cninan viroriini, lice e»t, (iiiingenlorum inilliuin, ^empcr(lue pra'iii>uiii, iV pr niisiim est, \t iiiueniant iiecessaria in lotis, vbi habcnt (piieseeie, vel tardarc sine in ho^piiiis, slue in teiit.iriis. Seciindiis cSc terliiH comitatus sunt eiusdem luimeri virorum cum primo, quorum viuis ad dexiram tendit bnperatoris, alius ad sinisirum in distantia ab ip-io ad Iriuiii \el diiarum Icii- cariiin. Quarlus autem qui maior est omnilms, subseqiiitur ImperatiMcm ipiasi ad spatium iactus balist.e. Kt ad hue sciendum e-t, quod iiei-sona? horum comitatiiiim sunt sigillatim, & summa- tim oiniies descript;e, vtduin \iia moriiiir \el recedit, protiiius alia iiiscribatur, it niimerus non ininuaiur. Ipse vero linpciatnr tendit residens in cella sen c:iinera a-ditieata super ciirrum gran- dein Ibrma. I'orteni rotiore, nobilem in structura, est cella dc ligno Aloes i ptinii odoris, & pa- rieies cella" operti in siedistinguuntur gemmis variis, \ innrgaritis. l>t aiitein ciirriis {|i;aliior roiarum diintaxat, ipiem trahiint qnatuor Eiephantes ad hoc cu- ri(.^(' instnicfi, cimi qiiat or hiiipi-- albi-i e(]iia' diclis & ip>.i coojierti agilia'. Ip-e autem iiilcrdum jiro sodalitatc iubet seciini asceiidere (jimih vult personam, ^ed niiiiime vliia duos. In cella' qimque culminc, quod aperiri valet iS; daiidi, a-taiit in pcrtiia (pialiior grifandi, vd ostinnes. Odericus: duo- dccim (.iirl'alcoixs, Msi forte Imperalor in acre aqiiilam, \ulturuiii, ardeain, vel collectorcni c«i-iieret, ( ilo dim'lteret isiorum duas aut pliires ad aiicupandum. Nota, |)cr Dioincdarios, & cursdrcs, & veioces, (pii de lnwpitio ad liospitiiim pcrmutantur, «cit de reiiioii-i noua. Cursor enim appropiii(|iia'is cornu sonat, <.V tunc alius pncparat, & vl- Icriiis currii. Odericus. Sciendumque tarn ])iiniogciiituin Regis, quam singulas dc tribus vx- cribus ducere >imilem apparatum in itineraiido ])ost ijisum, scilicet cum quatuor comilatibus, ante, iV retro, & a latcrilms, sed in valdi"- niiiiori mimero personarum proplacilo, &. in singulii^ riirribus seqiienlibus se inuicem per vnam dielam. J'ra'missa omnia sic liunt, dum Iinperatori tendendum est remot^, aliiis autem minuuntur, c"!.- distiiiguuntuv MandeuiUi cu* riositas* Hoc corum dic- tum in nouis Cliinx hiituriii rrfcrtur. lnsi|tiis stim-ii- tij. * 1. Sjin. II. a. Celta st'u CJmtrA xditii.ita super I'uTrum. QuatuorKlr- rhantcs & i|ua- tuur c^uv albs irahfntC' cur- rum Impera- toris. H^clloitic vs- qur tiarrantur in histoiijsCh'- naruim. I V f ■ V i'l n I Prateira 118 VOYAGF.S, NATIICATIONS, S. /. MaiiddiH. ■'i||; ii \ \ \ h nL'imnis Cjiu Guit Cill- Cur jllii fijii niiuir.ariui lui- mrrus Tjrui ..nt 111 fi(t 0. Qtini C'lin* Ocholo Can. GuiCjn. M^ngo Cad. ilistinguuntiir comitatus, inxta quod Accc\, vt nonnun'|unm omiic; Impcntorc^ oti.itn nini (ilio simul tciulant, cum vna comilatiiiim Histiintioiif. Tran-ounfc aiitcm -ic Impciatorp per ( iui- Jates & villas" quilibct ante fnros proprias pra>panf.) i,i,'ne iaitnl piiliicrcm nrom;ila rcdolrntem, Ntans gcnibus flcxis ad rcucrciitiam illi. T.f sri,;iis vbi propo tniiisituni illiiis iiabcniiir Chrifti- an.T Abbatia-, (pias olim ronstituit l)ii\ Oj^cnis, o\«iiiit obni-Mi illi in pmcrs-ionr ciiin vi-xil- lis, tV sancia criuc, &: aqua bcncdi((a, & (hiiriLulo, liymiuiin, \ cni Creator .xpnitus, dccani- antcs. Nota: E"n scmcl turn Ki)i'*copo iinstro, i^ alijs fratriliiis, iuiiuiw obuiani per dua-t dictas iV portaui tluiribulum. Oderiius. Qiio'* ipit ita iiitextuin aiirn, diamantibus, ^rinmuiiridis, \ orienia- libu-i maru'.'iritis, <;rancllis, & dubletis, & pranliue,-. in materia I'v: ariiliiio, \ I ii dii tum, a (ili) Ni e, Cl^iui : : i-,l in icii.i Catlia\ a( repi \ aliani, \ ineram luiiiisrei \eritatem. Nam iV si rihendo h.ec duo noinini li.ihcni (lillireiitiaiii, <|iio(i lilius Noe Cham scribitur qnatuor elcnieiiiis, (puM-.ii;- \Irimum e^l .M, iV isie Can iribus l.ininm, qunruni \liiiiium e-i N. ! Post aMiios Christi 1 KM), ilia prima Tarlaria ;,ile qua siipr,"i >(r;p>'i m prima parte, c.qiiitil . quinio) Tuit nimis oppre^sa seruitiile -ul) Heuilnis clrcUMiiaieniium -iiii I'alioinnn. (iuamlo auteni Deo jila-iiit, m.iiores illii!- Tarlaria' iItira:ierMMt de -i [[j^i^ -ijyi lle^em dictum (Jiiis Can, cui \ proiui-erunt >ubie( ti ■■«imam ubedicniiam. Idem cum cssci prudeiis \ streniuis VI. \iiiles Ii.il ens liiKi-;, d< !)ellaiiSl • urn ijs iV populi, suo, \ \i(it, ac std)iei it cMiidns in cir. niiu r{e|;e-, eli.:!i', tV perbiaihium niari-, ad terrain Cathay, &: ad alias illic pluriiras ri'j;io!ies iran-iiiil, iV cui>it cum (iiijs suis alitjiuis e\ iilis dc- *■ bellare, i^ subijcere, Deo in onniilus adiniianlc palenti.;-. Kt tpioniam in cquo allio ei ;\iij;eius a|)i)aruil, qui eliam ante ])assum pnedicli luiri-. nouem orationcs Deo I'acere iii>»il, ideo >ui- ccssores \-(|; iuKlie dilii;niit e(|ii')> albo«, \- nouenaiiinn mnui rum Ii.djcnl |)r;e ceteris in gra- tia. Diinupicduis Can ini.rii pra- seniii a|iprei;i(>ri Iratri obcdientes, eonliibi in I)ci inxta [)romis.sioneru luihi ab .Aii^elo lactam, ipuxl oninem lalissiniani i-tam terram, iv; opiimnni illius imperii* siibiji ietis, ihim<| .Sc po>i pairis discrssum strenuissinif', ac lidelisninii' (Deo siln ])riisper.uile ■ j-erlVccrMnt. I'.t (pea cum prcpriis nniniriibus habebani eoj>nomen Can, prntio- j;enii is |)ro iliHereniia cbtiniiit nonuM (iniiid Ca i, id est, .Maf;nus Can, videlicet supra c;ttcn'< Iratre-i, (jni sibi in omnibus obediebanf. Iiaipie i-te sei imdus Imperafor vcxal atur ()( hoto Can. I'ost cpiein lilius eius re;;nauit t (juouiani ncccssc ill (li>^r(i j)iii' iriiiia i)arli', capiliili ralioiuim. (^iiando L'ni dii luni (luis Caii, It im niari^, ad tcrnm ii~ aliijiias c\ illis dc- fi|in) alliii ci Aiijjflus accrc iu>-it, idco >ui- nt pra' ( atcri^ in ^ra- tc r-c (iiios luTtahaliir, linriiiii pariliT rr:ii.i;i I (iiKpiit) dilfi'lis-imi. icutcs, (ciitido in Uv itn terrain, & cpiiiiu:-! lidi'lisninii' ( Dco ^\hi ()j>M()Unii Can. priiii >• idelicct su|>ril i.Ttcn « Cluistianus, rpii etiani S. J. Mandeuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS. Hi) misso ma.-no exercitu cum fratre suo llallaon in partes Arabiae & Acgypti mandauU destrui in loto Mahometi supcrstitionem, & terrain poai in manibus Christianoruin. Et fratre proredente, acicpit ruinorcs de fratris sui Imperatoris morte inopinata, quapropttr & redijt negotin inipcrfecto. • ^^ • » , ,. • Q intii^ C.bi'acan, qui eliam fuit Christianus, & rcgnauit 42. annis, & acdificauit mag- nam ciuitatcm Ion.!;, maiorcm satis vrbe Roma, in qua & coiitn.ctur valdque hodie omnes surccssorcs pa^'anisino lo-dantur. Tempore autcm me6 crat nome Imperatoris lAliianl Can, & pnmo-rpnitus eius Cosuecan pr.TlcrqULMn & alios tilios habuit 12. de quorfi uominibus coiiscnbcndis non est curae ^ Prima vx^rum suorum vocabatur Serochan, qua> & est Jilia Praesbyteri loannis scilicet Im- pcrat ris Indi.e. Sciunda Vcruchan. Tcrtia Cara illican. Istis du"bu- Iinpcraloribiis non crodifiir inueniri maior Dnminus sub firmamerto Coeji. In literis qiia^ (iilus Imperatoris Tar aria- scriluntur nomine pouitur smtpcr i-^te Tituhn. Can (iliu-i Oci i-xi c.-i, omnium vniucrsain tcrrani coleiuium summus Imperaior, & Dominus Di'ininautium ( milium. Cinuniforrntia maj^ni sui sijii'li, continet hoc scriptim. D(;u> ill Cfrl.>, Can ^upi-r terrain, eius fortitude. Omnium hominum Iiii|)crati ris si^illuni. Sficndiim qn/iqnc quod quan-uis populi ibi ditiintur, & «nnt Paifani, tamcn & rex & o!ni:ei er-.'duiit in Diiim immi>rtaiem, & (inini|)oti litem, & iiiranf per ip^iini appellanies, Yn" V T. :iS. Dc tcrritorii) Cathay, iSc morilius Tar'r.iorum. TOtuin Imperiiim Impcr.ituri-. (iiand Can distiiictuni est in 12. niaffiias prouincias, iuxfa niinuruin duodetim lilidrinii |iriini (ieniiori.s Can, (juaruin qiuelibet in >c eontiiiet lirciter (>. niilli.i linitiitiini, pneter \iilas iicm luimeratas (jiia- -iini veliit .ib-(|ue iiumeri". llaiient & sin^^iii.e pnuiiiui.e reiijem principaleiii, boi" est I'i. rc-.es proiiineiales, & iiorum (piis(pie sub «e rej;es IiiMilarum pliirimos, alij .)(). alij eettiii', ali| plnre*, qui omnes iV: sinwuli subiec- tiviiinii (li)cdiiint Cirand l\m Imperai.iri. ILui prouinii.iru niaii>r, \- iiobilior dieitur C.i- thav, que fon>istit in .V>ia profunda, fres eniin ^iint A^i;r, srilieet i|u;f profunda dieitur, tV .\sia dicta maior (pi;e n ibis e>t satis pr.pinquii'r \' terli.i minor intra (piam est Epliesiis lieati loannis l',iiangeli>ta' «epultnia, dc »pia babes in pr.Tcedenlibus. AudiNtis statum ma^natiim & iinbiiium e>sc pcrr.amiilieii, I'v u!crio»um, .^ed ^riatis loiij;^ seeiis esse apud cuminup.es & priiiatus homines i.im in eiuit.ilibus (|u.mi iii forensibus toiius Tar- taric. In prmiiiu'iis auteni Catliay habeiur taiituiii dc nieninioniis spccierum, & de operibiH scrico>is, quod mullis facilius ai(piirere e«set pr.Tiic sum indiinienium, quum cami-^ium de lino. Viulc & (piii u ■.([; Mint alic iiius luiiie>tatis non lareiit dc.^uper prc- tioso vestimento. Omnes tam viricpiam fa-miiiie siiiiilibiis in forma \estibiis ]■ diicuntur, videlicet vaid^ latis, & briuilwis v.-(|Ue aeu ffiiK.r.iiii us plen^ teitiis. Nunquain vtuntiir tou'a aut c(dli'liio, ^e.i nee cajiiiiio, \iid^ iicc pi r aspcetum iiuiiinient'iriim potest habcri dif- ferentia inter viruin i.^ niuliere.n iiiiiupiaiii. Sed luipia i,\t supra dictum est) gestat per ali- qu(Kl fegumentum in capite formam jicdis \iri. Nubit illic vir cjuotqiiot jilacet imili>ribus, vt iionnulii liabeant decern vel duodecim vxoret! aut plures. Nam (piisque niantus iuiigitiir iiccnlt;r cuilibet niulieri, e.xceptis niatre. CobiUcin Ectiiant Caa, Imprratur T;irtaroruni tcm)x)rc Mao* dn.illi. Serochan vxof Orad Cu. Yroga, Dew Naturx. II. Proiiincia, Cliitij. Niinitriis ciui* tatum. Calhij. AbuuJantia Mli* ci 111 Cathay. Vestiiui T»r- taruiLitn. Jf\ - 'I ' 1:1 <' ■■a * I-' *" m no VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, S. /. Mandiuil. * f Tart.iri lac cc^iinTkim I'ibuut. Arpclldtur h'oimx do* niorL'in. nuiruni. 'r.irtari Ha- nuxiiiiii, I. i:i jilaustri^ M- lirt;tn. N"iiitiiiiium in Ccti-iiii'iii.r I'jrt.iijiuin. Mmefrf intra tt.>nuini i'cci.Hii »>r..m. Aima TrtH-i &:<: mairr, & amit.i, soroie, & filia. Sicut viri cqiiitant, teiulimr, & curniiU per patriii pro ncgoiijs sic & imiliiTCs, qumiiain & ipse (ipcrantiir omnia feri; artificia nicchaiiica "iicut pannos & quicipiid efTicitiir do \mw, corio, si-ricoq;, ininAntq; carnicas, & vehiciila, sed viri I'abricant dc fern) cl do (iniiii mrlallo, lapidibus jitq; ii;,'m), iicc vir nee nuilier no- bilis aut dcffencr coinedit vitr;i seme! in die lommuniter. Mulia niitriiint pecora sed nulli's porcDS, parum coincdiliir ibi de jiane exceptis niajjnatibns & diiiitibuH, scd tarnes cdunt pccoriim, bcsti;iriiin, & bc^tiolannn vtpc.te bourn, ouium, capr.iruMi. ecpiorum, a^i- noriini, canum, raitonini, mi:riiiin, & ratloruni, iiis carniiiin sorbenles, & oninis generis lac bilienii's. Ndbiics ante I)ibuiit iai- eiiiiaru, sen inmentoru, |»ro nobilissinid potn & paiiporcs aqna bniiita lu niodiro mellis, cjuia ncc sinu ibi habctur, nee cerni.sia colicitiir: & ninlti ac ])lii- rimi I'nntes tosnlimt in sna siti. per vill;is. 8c rnra. Donuis, & liabiiarnia mtinid.e sunt forni.e, < onipo-ita; & lotexi.e parnis iii;nis, & (Icxilibns \ir};idis, ad niodfi lauearn cpias nos farinuis pm animli-", li.ibrirs rotnndani in cnlniine aperlur.i pni'slantem dno benelic ia liabi- lalioni, (jnoniain iV ignis (piem in niedii) donnis ( osiitunnt fninnni rniiliif, tV jn'o aspiticndu lumen iinniiltii. Intrinsetris qiia>i tentoria. Miillas »n|)iiua( n IS (>lwcniant cereni' nia-, <]uia respicinnt in \anilal(s I'i, inswiias laisas sdlem iSc iiinani pia'i ipue adcrant, eisque frecpienliir genua iiiruant, it ad iniuiinninm, cpiii- (piid est niagni e-tinian! im lioandum N'ulius onmino \titur caKaribns in eijiiiiadu, sed cogunt eqnmn (lagclln sf(>r])i(>iie, repii- tantes peceatvnn non leue, si (piis ad hue ilauellinn appodiat, aut iunienlnin peicnteref mim fren(>, pler;ibirit>ns sunt iam in Chrisiianitaie baj)ti/ati. Attainen qui illornm sunt cnri.iles lin|)eratoris non veileni in palatio public ari. I'cene oblitus eram, cpiocl ninie hie dieo nolandinn, cpiia dnm ab ( \tia Imperiuin, Milieus innitiiis aut legalus cii])il tradere proprijs inanibiis literas Iinperatori, vel depcmeri' ( "ram illo niandata, non pcrinittitur, donee prius in pinis Iraiiseat linias ad \n\\ ad minus regum pro .sui purgatione, ne cpiid I'cirsitan alleraf emus visu, vel idoratu seu tactu rex pos- sit grauari. I'cirro Tarturi in pnecincto expedilicmis habent singuli duos anus, cum magna |din:ii:- talc telorinn: Nam onme; sunt sajtittarij ad manmn A: < um riiiida iV longi iaiieea Nnl:- lis antem in ecpiis preeiosc'^ phaleralis ferunt gladios, \c| spatas brcue- <.v laias, M-indenli - pro \no latere, iV in capitibus ^aleas de corio coc to, ncii altas, scd ad c;ipilis IcirniaiM depressa-. (iniiunci; ile suis fugerit de pralio, ipso faeto eonscriplus ct, \t sicpi.ulo inuentiis fne- ril oceidatur. .Si castru vel eiiiitas obsessa se illis redderc voliierif, indlam a< c eptant ccjcii- tionc" nisi cum niortc omnium inimicorum, \cl si (piis homo sin<;ii!aris se dcvU'rlt victimi ni- hiloiniinis absque vlla miserationc occidunt, detruneai.tc.s illi protinus aure-, (pias postea kj- (pKUlls, qi in HO I If S. /. Mandfiiil. runt per jjatriii (icia mcchaiiica 8c vchiciila, scd iicc imiliiT 110- iiiit poconi seiu', rc'iiii- 111 pcrcutrrct >iio 111 iiiipoiicrc cii- dcrc, iii'c noli \ ibitaliir, I'v (|i;i i!i is lUMOsl' i-t M I'.t >i piK aui (li - • •iaccnloli'iii, pri- iirc i^iicm, mmiu'I, itur il taiili iiuiiii- ■(■ci'plant, Iii(la'('«, iilc-* -c saii-" piil.iii- 1 iiianis siiliilarcip, 1 in Clirisliaiiitalc l)li( ari. Ki Ini|)('rinin, ([iii'. Icili, \cl (IcpdlUTO ail \nii ad iiiiiiiis M'li laciii rc\ p:- iV laui-', '■eiiiiU'iili ■. m\ (•;ii)itis rdrnuiP! Ill.ul'l i!ltlClllU«i I'lU'- ini :i((cpt:int lOdi- dcdcril \i(lnni ni- •t>, (puis postcri ti)- (pi(nli'>, S. I. MandcuU. THAFFJQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 121 quc.itci*. & inacefo (dum habucriiit) poiicntes miltunt iniiicem ad conuiuia pro cxtrcmo j^''^','^';;^!"" I'er.'ulo: duinquc ipsi in bi-llis :iric liifjam simulaiil, pcriculosum est ens inscqui, quoniam iaiiiiiit safjilias ;\ icrj;", qiiiliu-i cqiinM & homini's otcidcrc norunt. Vx quandn in prima acic coinparaiit ad bellanduin, niirabilili^r scse constringunt, vt media pars numeri coruin vix (Tcdatur. (icncralili'-r noiirritis omncs Tarlaros habere paruos orulos, &: modicam vol raram bar- Tamti hahtnt bam: in pr.'iiiijs loiis raro inti-r -c liti)iant,contcndui)t,aut pujjnant, tinicntes legu pcrnraucs [""^'^"/."Jj"^* cmcnd;is. Kt inuenirur ibi rariii-i vespilio, latro, fur, homirida, iniurias, adulter, aut forni- rariu-i, quia tales eriminatorcs inuestigaiione sollicita requiruntur, ik sine ledemptione ali- qun |)criniiinlur. I)u qui'* derumbit intimitis lisitiir lanrea iiixta ilium in terra, & cu apprnpinquauerit Muticpuluux. morii, niilliis n-nianet iiixta ipsuni, i u vciu niurtuusi est>e acilur, cunfcstim in campiii, & cutn laiitca sepciitur. C A p V T. 39. Dc scpultura Iiiiperatoris Grand Can, & crcationc siiccessoriH. IMprrator (irand Can po^tquim eiiis fr,{»niia luerit dernnclio, defertur mox ;i paiicis viris in paici) palaiij, ad piartiisiim locii ^bi debeat >epfliri. Kt nudato priiis toto illo loco u gra- niitiibiii iiim te-pite tii;ittir ibi ti'iilnriuii, in quo velut iii solio rc:;ali de li^no rorpiw dc- fiiniii residens collocaiur, paraiurq; nien-a plena coram cti cibarij.s praet iosis, & poiu de lade iutnenioriini. Instabiilatur ibi & eqiia euin ^uo pullo, vcd & ipse albus, nobiliter pha- leniliis, i*v' oiiiiotutiis cerlo punderc auri & argenti. Et est tolum Tentorij pauiincntuin de niniido •.iraii'ine stratum. Ti'imqiie elliditint in lirinitu fossam lalain valdi^, & profiindani vt tolum trntorium cum otnnilnis eoiitentls deMend:it in illain. Ec'iq; facto ita equaiii^r terrain plaiiilirantes adopc- riniit jirnninibn-), vi in oiiini tempore Icciis sepultiiri'K non valeat apparere. Et quoniam ig- noiaiitia- nubilo turpiier exi.rtati |)ufai.t in alio seciilo homines delcctaiionibiis Irtii, dictint quod lenloriu erit ei pro hospiiio, i ibi ad cdendu, l.ic r.d |>olaiidum, eqiius ad equiiar.dum, aiiruiii i^i :ir;;entu ad respiiiendu, sed & equa lac semper prxsiabit, & pulios cqiiiiios »uc- ce-siue Keneriliii. I'list has it.iq; Imperat'Ti-j drfuncfi miseras exequia«, nullus omnino audebit de ipia. pannos, cqiio'^, ricpli.intps, aiiniin, ar)jrntum, & la- pidoH prccioscKs, quorum, quulium, & (puiritnrum vix vcl in iiuincro haberi potest ar.'ili- malio. C A P V T. 40 Dc nnilt'w rcKionibus Iinprrii) Tarlar'n* s'lbicrfi^. BRouit^r & nuiu- intciido ( iirsuin (Ifscrihcrc nliqiianiin ina^^iinruin regionum & Insularum Impt'rij Tartariav lit ])riiro illa'< ([iiir (Icsci'iuUnii a prou luia Calhay per M'ptcntrionalriii plaijam, \>qic- ad lines Clir'siianii.ilis |'nH>'ir, I'v Kiissa>. lir);o |)ri'uiiiria Cafhav dc :!'''!"Ioih in sui oricntc ;\ rrjjiui Thar'*i'< iu'iijitMr ah orcidpntc rcj^iio II TiirquficiMi, in quo I'i: sunt pluriniic riintafcs, (|uarii I'drmosidr dicitur Oclnpar. Ij)- sU'ii aulc'in Turqui'sciM) rcjj'iu iunj;iiur ad luddcntcin sui ri'uno sen Iinpcrio Persia", iSc ail septcntriiiiiein rcjiiu) ('orasin.r, (piod spuiosiim est xaMe, haliens virsus nrientem tui vltra een'uiii dia-tjs deserii; lior n-ynii est muilis bonis abundans, I'i: appi'llatur eius nielior ciuitas cliam {"(irasiiie. I.--fi quoij; rcp;ii<) iiinpitiir in occidcnlp versus paries iidstras re^inini Comman' riitn, quod & similiter loM;{nni e^t, \ latum, sed in pnuis sui lot is inhal^iiatutn : Nam in (piibusdani est fri;.'us niniiuin, in alijs n'niiiis calor, X in nonnullis ninii:i inusrarum inullitudo. De i«tis Cemmanis venit olim Cuyata qiK-cdam pluraliias populi vsque in ternini yEf;v[)fi qn.x- ibidem sucrrela nunc ita iiuialuit, M suppressis indi.'no Tunpiesren ad i (•( identem, \ illud c|ii6q; iunfji rej;n<) sen Imperio I'eraiori-; (pna (eCi tenet aiiquas terns sui Imperij ab lm|)eralore Tariarorum) neeesse e>t vt in lanto suliiertus sit illi. Sunt autein in Persia du;e refjioncs: vna alt.e Pep^ia-, cpiii" a re;;no Tunpiesecn de- seedens, iun};itur ad occidentem sui lliniio || Pvson. In isfa lia! etur renominate ciuilates, quaru nvliores du;e dirinitur Hccura & Seonaruanl, quam alicpii a|)pelljnt Sam;irkand: Kt altera Ref;in Jiass.-e Per«ia', desc endens a liuinine Py-on, <|ui a'l sui oceidenlem iunjjitiT rei;no Media-, k\: terra; innioris Armeni.T, it ;id Acpiilonein man Caspio, & ad Ausirum terra' ininoris hidi;p. In h\e bassa Persia tres prinripalinres (iiiil .les sui't || Aessal>nr, .Saphann, || Sarmn- saiile. bi terra autC- maioris Ar.ienia" jpiord.i hahebanlur tpiatuor rej^iia, (pur nunc di( uii- ti.r subes-e bnperio Pcrsarum, hab^ttpie lamain terr.x" nobili«, & ad oeci.lentem sui iinigitur Re^rno Turri.e, Ilee Armenia multas valde boiias enntinet i iuitates, quaru famo-ior est Taiirisa. Retr- nu Medi.T quod i.ubcst Regi Persarum ^ ? }. /. STandniil. S. I. Mandcuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. I'M ■(Tpnttim, & la- cri potent 3t.i\\- im & Insubruin ■,1'ptcntrionalcin tiir nh oriil ml" II ttrram /lijiypti narr: Nam iV dc 'iT ('(immancrum n aiina spi-isilu- iir, iV Drcani, ,jt vM)Ut' in Ii>- () iran~itin, fpi"- c hir aiipcllani^ pi iliclariim, in qiii- vsqiie in rrgnum ta p iffaiiisnu, mn- AiiktraU-m plaiia-n iin possum aliqiia- im prniiinciam (.'a- I f.cu Iiiipt \t in lanto no 'riiri, miigilus, rugitus, & boatus pecudiim, & besiiannn, sed it lantus galloruni, vt per ha-c iV- alia si:;na C(in-.iet ibi habitarc gentes: nam & lluuius dc- currens mon'-trat signa mi!|)^ corlissima in suo exitu; ignoratur tamen «i tenebne per lutuni tcrritorium sint eiusdem dcnsitalis, an forte sint in circuitu per aliquod spacium, & intrin- sccus plus luminosuin. Dlruiitur aiilcni tciicbraj ista olim j)cr diiiinum miraculum aduenisse. Sabocre enim Im- pcratore I'crsarum, circa annum Gratia* diicentessimum quinquagessimu in perseculione Cliriktianori' tcndciiie cum pleno cxercitu per luinc locum, & Clirisfianis tyraiinidem eius ('ui,'ientibus, contigit ex improuiso cos it;\ arctari, vt sc clliigerc despcrarcnt, quapropter siatini ad orationis rclui^iiiMi omnes se stcrnentcs clamaucrunt ad Christum auxiliatorem suiim: Kt (Icus, tpii pru pun cordc Chrislianos ad se orantes semper exaudii, expleuit iliic liicrain vaticinij Uaire: (]iiia ecce tencbrie opcricnt terra 8c caligo populos, mons- trans per tciiel)iain icrrcnam, quani ei'* superiluxit, ;itur rigno Turciii', (piod in longo & latd valdi" extcsuni multas colinct pr(;uincias scilicet Iconi.T, C'appadncia*, Saura?, IJrikc, Bc- sicon, I'atan, & (Jennoch; liij oinncs Tiirci, cum Iota Svria & Arabia vsq; ad Galli/iam liispania<, subsunt Iinpcratori Mabyloniie Soldano, & suni in singulis prouinciis 8c regionibus ciuitatcs magna', ac multic niniis. Cunsicjucicr hiiic regno Turciic ad Occidentem sui in ci- uilate II Cathasa iungitur per mare (ireciic superior pars poteslalis Iinperatoris Constantino- j VciSithit«. politani, 8c Fcrsia. * non- .f i m r 1 ' n \ % ) i " r Mi D r K ,| .). ,. ;." li . /■'», I' S< I ■ I I m VOYAOES. NAUIGATIOKS, S. I. Afaiidtull. mini ktl lio^ti. Arbor JLiniltr. nonniilla' sprriMc* vitcs fercnlcs bolros incrctliMlilor ma;;nrM, qiioruin vniim vix virilis vir vali't in Iki»I;i portaro. Et (Icinde in inrridicm per aliiiii.ii (''•'•ns, potest pcnicniri ad priinns Caxpia* alprs, qiiju dcscctulcndo doifi-ndiint xsciiir ad •' . i.-m, in^iiilam niiilia nmntTosiiair iion piis>int h nostra parte exirc, qnamiiis ali(|ui jjaiiri noi)niiii(]iiani sunt \inc Cadilia in oncntcm \cniliir ad ri'j;niim HackariiV, in (pia inali & innltuin -crudc'Ics liabii.int liciiiiinc-, ncc c»l sccurinn ilincrari' per ilLcn, tpiod ad nuMJicnm occa- sioncm (si Dciis non Km^criiarct) occidcrciit viatorcm & inniidiicarcnt. Illic sunt arhorcs , Ccrcntts lanam \rliit oiiiiini, cv cpia tcxnnt pantios ad vcsiimenta. Ilypoccntaiiri xmit ihl jjfo media siipiTiiiri parte in Corma lunnana. & pro inrericri fii;Mra eqiiorum, sen tanrornm, vcnantos In tcrrix, & piseaiitcs in acpiis quod eomedunt, & super onuiia ( arnes hominn, qnos caj)i'rc pi;s«nnl. c.ryri.orM, Jr Ncc iii'ii ^.' K''M'''' '"''' ai'par*"'" pro media posteriori parte in forma lecni-:, pro aatcrinri H'lii'i" ''•"•'"' in f( iina aciiiil.e. Sed sciati>, corpus nianni iirvplii mains esse ik to lennihiis de pariiluis istis Najn |)osl(|U.i <(pni!n, lioiieni \el lionimem, eliam asi;nnn Occident, lenal iV asjiort.ii pliiid vol.ilu : liiupia coriiUa bcni-^ ai.t vac( ;e sunt illi \ npnlii , de (inihns ctia o li. ri s de, t ci|)hi ad I)il)endum, (p:i |)lnrimnm repiila'itnr prc(io»i. Kunt (puMi; de peniiis a!arnm ciiis . rcii- ri- jjidi, \- I'l'rtes, ad ia( ienduin mis^ilia \- sai;itfa<, Ad isiiu-- reyni Uacca: r.e < xlu miiates i;i Orientem tinitur terra |)otest.iti- (ir.md Can ■ I'.t ini'j;itiir ci tern pctesialis manni Impcrit. ris Iiidi.T, (pii semper vicalnr I'm-slnler loannes. Not.,ndnm, tpic ties p( r |ir iiincias toll Imperii (Irani! Can, qiiicqnam accidit, cpiod I:iarone» ninuij in dr niedarijs ant eqni>,(pii celerriine I'e finant a-pi- tio appr piiiqiians, \ < ornn rr^i iian<, dnm aiiOitiM- paratnr nniii in-^ alter, ipii de ii ai ii ^us. rij)iens litcras, p< r rccenteni dniiiedariiim lesliiiat ad alind iicpilium. tV -i<' in l)reiii tem- pore perrcriir.tiir nirnore> iil ciiri.e .nres, Siniiii(p:i' niodd nii'cij pcdiles jierimilanliir de hos|)itio in liospitinni, \t citit'i^ pen ipi.ilur nej;ot ium hiiin-i nincij : ,ip|Kli.!nlur sii.i li; l;ii.i ("hidd)M, us in-f- C'linoTfs CM- rfib,> I'ail.nice F.rge') per |)i,i'mi>>a satis eincci maijnani esse rohilitatem, pote>tatem, ri'iiertnti chit t.is itcuitli. ■^,j„. miiiatione Imper,iioris Tartari.e (ira;id (". n rie Cathay, iS: quod niillns al) isia pa arte 1 miieiatiT, [iec Persia-, tiec I'abvloniie, nee (ir;'ciir, >ed ncc Hon';e e-t iili i ninpaia'uhis X'nde \ n idtu miserandn est, tpjia ipse cum toto Ini|)erionec cs| (i,!;- Calliolic a illiistratus, nee snlutari la- iiacliro reijencr.itus ; & hoc orennis \t in breui eueni.it, per lesnm Cinistinn Do.i.innm nos- trum. r.\i>lic it pus seeunda liiiiiis operis. 'I'ertia pars C 41, Dc ma^nificentia ImperatoriH India' ii: prcciosiialc Palalij. C'Vm in prajccdentilius Imperator Indi:r dictns sit mai:nns, restat dv iliius majjnificeniia aliquid poni hoc loco: cuius Mi(|; pluria, nobiliias, iS,: |)otestas, diri non hal)eliir minor, qiiiim dicli Impcratori- de Cathav : nam etsi in aliquibus \ideatnr Inrsilan minor, I'si tameri in aliipiilius satis n.aior, (piia omne a'artil)us ac cepi ratn'nem indubitata, qnam brcuiter liic cnarro. Circa aniui ab incarnatioiie Dnmini octingenlcssimu, dux Oijerus de Daiicinarthia, # riri tr;»l diif cul qui I'eil terl sull ?. /. Mandtiill. 1 \\x virili>t vir )ia> nipcs, qu.i: .Tlinn c*t. Iiiirr vnliinfitnii itii ii>i ;ili(iui paiici I inr.li*. L a^j:(>iia' [ili'iKi i S'lc. f ciphi ail mil (ill* : rciw ri- !• ( Mii miiaii's in I T^ni liiipcral. lis |,r iiiiu MS tdtiiH , coiilc-'iin iirf- l(> linaiit a'l i cili <• Miiiiriiw lu'-|)i- jiii (K' 11 niii ^u— ic iti lirciii ti'iii- < jxTiniitanfiir ili- i.inlur sua li; una iirr( rti.im, i'^ i!'- a pane lin|i('iatpr, I \'lii lanirii aiiir: it.'iq, ;\ liiii- lulias di.ctas iiilra- lullis l)oi)is; huiiis i\v, in qiK' rcsidet cuius niMiiinis lau- I indubitatri, qiiain I, ilu\ OniTiis lie Daucmarchia, DancmarrhiS; cum quiiulccim rognationit nuflD baronibus, & armatis viginti milihufi traniiuit marc (Jrccirc, & raiicnlc silii Uco couquisiuit Cliristianitali per miilta pnplia penir omncs ter- ras, rrjjionrs, iV iiisulas, qu.ii esse dr potentate GrSd Can pni-dixi, ner iion & omnes, quae sunt (K' polcstato IiMpcriJ huius Iinpt'ratoris Iridi.T. Eralq; inter Harones vnus denominalus loanncs lIliusGoudcbucf, regis Frisnnu : qui dirtus loSnes Deo dcuotiis fuit, & du licuit Ec- closiarii liniiiia iniuit, vndc iSc barones ci dabant quasi per iorum Pricsbyter loanncs vocabu- luni. Duin erjio (Vcrus diclas regiones expugnatas duiidcrcl in hijs tiu).> Irn- ptnj pTXi \Irri lo.iniiis r mi rrgfn prruiiici.ilfs. prriali'.. Magnificentii paLitij prcsSjtfti iuinntj. , I'.J ll I I ' i '/' (I !i u i , ' 126 VOYACiF.S, NAUIOATIONS, S. I. MandcHiL formal' aiiro Mplodlila reliircnic-*. S«rd &t ami)" llironi rrclinalnria ex HniiiragiliM auro contbi- iiniiH, f(U|iic (liNiiiK to nol)iliui)ernation<- aihninisiralionu in aula niaiori ))er sid)ieei.is eis 7'i. duies, \: ,'J(M) \- ((,'{. eomilCN ncu baroiics, (pioruin vnuxpiisque opiliiir n> uit tS: diliueiiUr iiitcndit proprio ininisterio. I'llos : alij dr .111.1- NCriimtanu-n ad ()Uotidiaiias e\pensas vsquc pra'nii - _ , - , rum, sed iion ampliiis ; sed sic ut p;..'di\i de Curia pr.Tiedenlis Iniperatori-. sje nulliis iiie, < i|. ((inudii \lir."i seme! in die, iV hue ip»uin sobrie salis; (picuii i n duodeeim hominuin de nostris eommuuiler eompens.irem N.uu i-iisunt liiiperaiori- ('id)ieiilarii, isii Camerarij, isti s(in duodei im. li.e vertanlur in sinj;ulis rurrilius, & siu;;ulariun ad lioe nuiximis rurribiis rum i ustodia euiusiiuique < rui is, de- (CMi niille e(piiiuin, \ eenluni mille pedilum, nee tamen liie Humerus au;;ei \ei miiuiit prin- < ipalem exercilum rav'aiiortmi. lentpore p.icis per terras proprias de p;dalio ad palalium, aul de ret;no ad re;;num, diiin fdidere ei placet, eoiiiitatur Nlicpie maro|)in(iuiiis Imperatnri ad sp.itium eentiini tanlibus esse possum sil discus onu^tus velut onini i;enrre jiretiosorum vasorum a |.« iMi(i.«iii^ 11III1 ti'iiin ^1 orrt' ijrruosuruiii \ .isiii inii .lui i iv ai^tiiii, ;;i 'iiiii.ii iiiii, s% uui .^* l)iiis artilieij. Illiimque disc urn subse(piitur pro|)in(piiiis Iniperatnri ad sp.itium eentiini passuum, alia crux lij;nea nullo peniti^s auro, nulioue colore aut preeiosiiate arlilieialis operi^ adiun.iia. Deliinc ad sex passuum s\irrcdit ibidem propinqiians Im|)eralnri discus aureus terra niu'cr- riina pleniis. Sunt eu' rdicli coniitatus in ( iistodium iS,: honorem personie Imperatnri^, discu.H vasorum in ostCM n diuitiaruin, & inaicstatis Impcrialis. ("rux in re< (irdatinnc p.ihijioni^ 1st del hal Ta die Ch exi n:e riei '0 \ " S. I. Mandcnil n^d'iM nurn ciitiilti' ir.i Ui'niH «li>rii»i- ciiloruin rubelii, & liufii-. lain pro plinii' (xliTC. ronrlii-i Mi'n; aii- ; t;iriii!< iiildincHli priipriii*, <m<»l(^ pra-mis- (llto Mlllll Mlidi SlMl (Iniliir, & in ip-i^ M'liit spleiitiorciii c.ipitc siiiL'iilonim pri'pri.i, iliiiioi ri- inioiraiidiui in uiil.i Kiriirn \nii>(piit(|ui' I innrst'llos : alij ilr idii, alij piiKcriisi', lire, (liKnlccim ,'ir- 111 1 1'diint per \'icv>. (Ml. inilli.i piT^.iiin- i-. sii- luilliis liii', ( II- )rii' !>ati"t '. c|iioni:Mi iiilt^r tompi'n>arfm la r\hil)iii(iiir, iiiii in, dc aurii jlistiiu in 1), II.'L- vtTlantiir in IXIUIIIIIU' (Till n.dt- ^I't M'l niimiil priii- 11(1 ad rri;num, duiii rciro, & »"x vlroqiif niiilni"* fa (liJ;ll^ no- 111 |, dciini |)as>.uiim ^i-mniariiin. 8c iiuis- ad spitium ii'iiluni Mv aiiilii ialis iiptri' I aurciH terra niijcr- ler-^i'Mii' IinprratiTis 'riix in rcciirdaiiniif paiiijioiiiH a. I. ,yfanrlfHil. inAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. pi««i()ni-< «C mollis, qiiam in rrucc lijini KJmplire rhri-tiiw pa««ut rt.1 pro nobii. F.t niirra in mcinoriain diraj inortiM, .|iiataro ip»i.ii< Impcralori*. quu;Jcmic»t,in tcrrnm ibil 187 F.t terra rof. ma* trcnoium. mra ruptioiiM' C A r V T. 13. Dc quibuxdain rniri* per rcgionr* Indiic. Urtt pliirima mira liabcanfiir in terra Iinpi-rij •' cxbvtori Inanni!*. nc materia operix niml 6m pr- tck-tiir. mulia (r-o Hilciiiio : h solum dc quibu-dam in principniibii-* InmiliH "arro. ^ Urj{6 in primi>i dico xidi-nr mr magnum mare arcnoxuin, tpiod dc «(dilm mimita arena sine „„,„„„ Vila aqua dim l.ipi loriim granrllit nirrit. iV ttiiit per altJ"< eicuatiimcs, iV: depreN-i.ineH.wUimi- litudinein mari-< aquie. ner vnquam qnicsrit : K qu(id ipse nnn ceKso Hliipere, inneiiiuntur pisres ad litlu^* pmiiTii. qui rum xint alteriuH lorm.a- & vpuiei, (piAmde no^tromari, videntur ,;;j°',7,|^'^;, lamen fju^tiii in edendo deiicatidres. Nullo lainen h'imano inyenio \idctur hoc mare trant. h.jie v.mi iiaduri.aiit naiiijj.iri, aiit illo pisiari, xed nee propter K.ii li>nj;itudincm, & plura impedimenta t"",|""'iiii' deirop.'Tir.uiri. . fir"'"^' llem .d) ho( latere marit per Ires dieias habcntnr majjnu- montium alpex, infer quas venit qiia.i I rieiii de I'.iradiso (Imiius dirurrentibust pttris. niliil penitiM habeim a«|U.T, in (iiiibiH .T'liinai da." xunt pliirimuin majjnaruni esse viriutum, quamuis dc hingulis bumana- «eiciitia> Ctinstare iiini potest Hie ptiiariim Ihiiiiiis ciirrit .id inten isnm tempus, qiia>i it. tribus srptiman.T? diebus per •paiium desiTii Indiii' pliiiinm dietaruin. velui (Iniiiii-, quoiisipie tandem se perdat in mare areiio-iin pr.idii tiiin, at(pie ex tunc ipsi lapidcs |ieiiiiiis iion minparent. Tempore aiilem sui nirsiis Miiliiis ap; ropiiii|iiarc pr.rsumit, prie slupiiii cius iS; molu ; scd tempore quieti't aditiir nine peiiciilo \ii.i'. In Oiieii'cin \er-us llutiij orijjinem ad inj;ressum deserii ira'zni inter qiiosd.im de moniibus^ ccrnitiir jjicndis tcrr.e ]dniiiies tiiupiam spaiio-i ci.mpi t.taliier areiiosi, in quo xidenlur ad Siilis (irliini cvurjjcrf lie arena, .V secundum elcuat'oium .S..|i^ excrescerc quirdam virfiulta, alqiie in (eruorc meriilici iimduirre rrucliim. Ac dc illo in Sulis ileciitio Irnclusdim arbiis- tiili-i |)aii!aliin miiiiii. iV in occa-ii penitiVi depcrire, vndc & iiullun homiiuim audct illoruin vti'friH'tilius. lie ^il (|uid (a t:isti(um \- iiociiiiiin. In liiiius dcscrti iiiterii.ribiis, vidi Imn iiics in toto syliicstrrH, qui efsi in superinribiis formain pr-rt lull re videaiiiiir human in, ilc^ceiidunt in subteiioribns ad t'orinam bcstiii' aliciiiu«. Iloriim (pii.lam (routes ^^enint (oriiibiis a-pcr.it is, grinicnles \t fene vel apri : alij nonnulla vli \iilci;ira'Ji-um, -sicut hic fcr6 rontinctur. Ideo Odoririis, qui postca narrat do \:illc inf.uista in ly i- sc- Iciininiit. Ad supradictuin India- rcgmini rciitcx-.iri.T s;i!i>< prop^, & I t.i est & longa Insula, Misrhn- rach, bonis roi)i()s6 iTlcrla, ilc qua vniini scrilio |)ru ii-rituni iiiiruin. Ante paiicos lios annos, vill:iiiii< dilissinuis, sibi val.li- |)roci(wuin roiistruvoraf palatiuin, quasi pro Paradiso terrosiri, ciriundatunt, nuinituiu rorialitijs, ac n-plctum omnibus corpora- libus delirijs. Illic an-.i", turrrs, ramenc, rubicula, mm abjs .xdilicijs, in mnlto nuiniTo, & glnria per- inao-MJ/ica. ac hisforiarum pirturis, inter quas, noniiun(|uam prodijjioso anilicio iH'sii;i!& bes- tiol.-p, aut's tS: auicula- discurrobant, volitabant, \ |)er pugnas, garritus, coilusiones, meticbantur viuere. I'lic prala, it pomrta, i*v: seruatoria circ;\ deliciosi rollis con^estum, distinrta velut omni genere (Iitmmi, arbcrum, & herbarum, nim niu'tis t'onfibus& riuuiis, tpKiruin pcr>piruitn'», iV: fbixiis in iHaris i-naucm & audilui pr.Tstabant reloi tioneni, \- su|)ct alKpios ruirunt exccptio- ris aiiilii'ii, ciri'iniir.lrucli auro, & argento, I't geniinis, ,*(; trcs principales /bntcs eniitlcntisad pnlaliuni Dcniini per orrultas conducias, ritnilns vini, lactis, ik melii<. Copio.-iis quoquc niimeru-i rormosoruni puerorum, & put'lhu'iun, u'latis inter decern & sex decern ann( s, induloruin ti'npiibus, & i ycladibus exaurali-i, e\crcenliuin infer ioccs caiitns it speetacula, ac scruienlium suo Domino prope nutum. Au(bebantiT exturriuni cust(>dibu>-, lice non videbantiir dulcisoi-m svMiph(.i;i.e, gcncruni diuersoium, vt eertissinu^ puiarcs, non hominum, sed Angelonim : iS: in isiis, ac siniilibus, delicitbaiur isle viilaniis. Sed & annnn liuido nil iiiuat, iino nocef : quia enim hic iniiidin' t't olij faciijus super in- gcnuitaieni mentis omnium gencr.ilittT nobiliu:n principum veiel ainr in d rde: (ingenuitas eniin, & nisticitas nunqnani cohaldtat in cordis vnodomicilio) ('ompo^ucrat iita sibi in hunc finem, vt per se sin;;idos .iduocaiet alicp.ios vasallos corpore robusto-, menlt'(]; audaces, atq; ad oinno proterniam bcn^ procliue-i; iSc cuibbet pro placitis nuineril)ns comnii p-cudo pr.e licjuit, si quern illorum pro his Mii^itijs eontigcret cor- poraliter tradi morti, nihiloniiiiui animam eius in hunc amceaum I'anidisum reeipi, & viucrc in ;Hcrnum I'er hunc igilnr nintbnn noniuiHis nobiiibu* occisis, & inlerlectis, tandem nndabatur eius nequilia tanfa, iV congregaii rejiionis IJar ncs mitlil)ii<, :im^ puiarcs, nmi l;uil)iH super in- rtle: (.innemiitas at i'ta silii in hiinr lt'(|; aiidues, atq; eomiiii-it vt ilium •r iii>-idias vel im- ui) in liunc lotum; js contij^eret tor- II rccipi, & viiicvf em nudaliaiur rius opera dcstrucntcs. IS inirabili>« paritcr ribiit infinilH, i\\\K iani vniim dc maiit- vallis, quasi ad (|iia- sou propii^^ dit'ino itruni, Icinpcslatnm, illic exercet imilti- ter intcuru ac niaxi- irc nullu«» pleno in- fit iruiulcnt^r, a^;i- ) tiajnmas in alli!:n. Totuinquc S. /. Mmdcull. TRAFFIQUES, and DISCOUERIES. 1^ Totiimqiie caput spse rotat ad minas, & variat terribilit^r modum & continentiamsub repent^ (liuersis manericbus. Exilquc do illo per totum ignis obscuratus fumo, & foctor tantus, qu6d per magnuin spatium viic pcssimam vallem infeclat. ■ Ingrcdi autcin volcntibus, apparet semper ad introitum valli^•, magna copia auri, argenti, vasoium, vcstium, & rerum pretiosarum, quas prociildubio ibi daemoncs conflngunt. quibus & ab olim miilti insipientium hominum concupiscentia tracli intrarunt, & vsquc nunc in- trant pro colligendo thesauro: sed dc Infidelibu§ paucissimi reiiertuntur, im6 nee de Chris- tiaiiis, qui auaritiiB eausa iiijrrediuiitur : per vallis antem semitam, quae inter montes & mon- ti( ulo, A •:,; MinbUiticiui. iiisione, quain ipsi fratres penes so gerebant peracto, parauimus menteg nostras cum pedibus ad intrandum. Sed ecce quinqiie de nobis, duo Gracci & trcs Ilispani, semetipsns ab alijs segregantes, visi sunt aliuin requircre introitum nos praecedere cupientes, & cent nos illos exinde noii vidimus, & quid cis accidcrit an pcriculum siibierint, vclne ignoramus. Nos autem nouem per vailein processimus in silcntio, & cum cordis ca deuoiione, quam quisque sibi potuerit obtinerc : m quia graiiissima erant, turn quia singulis r" mihi deuotionem mi- nuerct non altcndcbani, tiim etiam, quod prac horrore, laborc, & dolore multa me;norifE non commendabam. Per quartam autcm leucam (diictrice gratia) Icuiiis transeuntes, sustinuimus tamen sub ipedibus hominum cadauera mortuorum, propi vallis exitum rerum tentamina preciosarum. Nunc ilaque obsccro magno cordis aflTectu, hnec logcntes & audientes ego, qui in ilia hora f Ta me agebat misericordissimi Dei pielas ignorabam, vt velitis pro me, simul & me- '' mentis intiino collaudarc ipsum Dominum, qui tunc de potestate tenebrarum illarum ■ ,..:ii me indignum, & prout cnnlido, ;\ delictis iuuentutis me purgauit, quatenus de posted commissis, & committendis, mihi propitiiis fore dignetur, ciim iam senior sim eflTectus. Quo- niam etsi ex tunc proposui mores corrigerc, ex nunc statue in melius emcndare, per filium eius lesum Christum Dominum nostrum. Ad hoc, addo breuiier, quod non auderem hortari qucnquam, me consulcntem, vt spon- tanee ingredcretur hanc vallem infaustam, quamuis ego curiosus intraui. Venientes posthac ad proximas habitationes, neccsse fuit nobis intcnderc ad rccreandum corpora cibarijs, & baliieis, & ad medendum vulneribus, & quassafuris, donee per aliquod tcmpus vnusquisque accipcret deliberationcm super sue futuro. C A p V T. 46. De quibusdam alijs admirandis per Indonim insulas. VT modo procedam in tractatu. Sciatis ad paucas inde diitas grandem insulam haberi gi- ciginw. An- gantum, ad statiiram altitiidinis viginti quinque pedum nostrorum, de quibus ijisc vidi non- ''>"'P<'P'"e'- nullus, sed extrA terram eorum, & audiuimus esse intrinscciis quosdam triginta pedum, & vlira: hi operiuntur nor. vestibus, sed bestiarum pellibus vtcunque sibi ajipensis, comcdenfes animaliiim carnes crudas, & lac pro potu sorbentes, atquc appetentcs super omnem esum carnes hunianas. Istorum non ciiraiii intrare insulam: nam & audiui quc^d ad maris littus solent insidiari na- uigantibus, nauesquc submergerc, nisi intcrdum redimantur tribus aut quatuor per sortem lioininilnis sibi datis. Versus Austrum hinc in mari Occano, habctur inter alias insulas, vna, vbi crudelibus qui- i.«i/„i upc*- busdam mulieribus nascitur in oculis lapis rarus, & malus, quic si per iram rcspexerint ho-'"'""'''""'" iiiincm, more Basilisci intcrficiunt solo visu. S2 Jit m; }3i VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, S. J. Mandeuit. mA ]i i.i, I I m !>■ fj t < 1^1 , H i I :!' ^ InsuU vhi vir- ginei vitiamiir antrqu^m nu- bant. ^ Vel Cotluii. Irrentis. Nun li.dcj. DrkftjIiS be 11J Et virra banc insulara alia maior & populosior, vbi ciim iniilti sint vsua nobis iiisucti, vniim describo. Diini desponaauerit vir pucliajH, virgiiicin, niandat homincin iiiconipasiiimi, veliit ribal- dum. qui sua idonca clauc per c.xpcrtos super hoc diiijjcnti'r considcrala, n't rcpulaiur idone.i rcscret & vcsligct sub iioctc vniia \irginalem conclauein, pro incrccdr sibi tradiia compc- leiiti. Et si postcra iioctc aicedciis spoii.sus ita non iiuicnrrit, potcrit, & consucuit hoiniiiein impcterc ad mortis iudicium iiulccliiiabilc. Cuinquc biiius inoris discorc voluisscm causani, acccpi rcsponsum, pro ccrtis tcinporibus apud eos, virgiiiis iiajjuissc in matricibus paruus serpcntcs, quibu.s noccbantur prinu ad illas inirantcs. Idcoq; & \iri, qui pro inerccdi" tantum subcunt pcriculum, votant sua ioqucla cadibrum, est, stultos despcratos. Ex liar, appnrtt Insula in qua inter alios vsus, peruemffi sunt matros contra iialuram & scriptiirH, rum |)cpi'rorint coiitristantur, & dum proles moritur iociidantur, iaciantcs in mag- no i<>iic rum roiuiiuio & exultaliuno, dumquc maritus luitc vxorcni dccedit, patrbit vxnri^ plena dilertin, .si i urn rorpore niariti, quod rogo tradiiursc iaciat rrcniandam, \t <|uia in Islo seruio sti'tcruMt anMris vinrulc colligati, non sint alio separali. Ncr tamen intrlli<;unt illud seruluni, nisi (piod sibi ronlinguni terrcsfrem Paradisuin. I'ue- runi aul minorc annis, traliet mater scrunj si placet, sed .etalis puer pcrrrrlic, cligct pro proprio plariio viurrc superstc«, aut mori iuxia parentcs Uir etiam non succcduni Hcges per generaiioncni scd per clectionem, vt assumatnr non nobilior, aut FortiMr, scd niorigcratior, iV iusiior, 50 ad minus annoriim, niillani iiabens so- boleni aut vxorcm, scriiaiur(pic illic iustiriic rigor in plena rens-ura, in omnibus & contra omncs, etiamsi forrrrreril ipse Hex, (|ui nee e\imitur a traditis legibus pro concup scentia vol rontemptione quarumlibet personarum. Veruntamen Hex si percauerit non orcidilur ob rcuerentiam, scd (puxl sub |Kena mortis, public^ inhibetur, ne quispiam in Hrgioiic ei verbo vel vllo f.iiio eommiinieet. &• tpioniam sui loco alter rex riin,->lituiti;r, ncccsse est ilii breui vita degerc vel pcrpcluo exulare. Constat post ipsam, iV alia Insula, niullis bonis loruplcs, & liominibus papulosa, dc qua rccoio scribcudum, ipiod nulla orrasione roniednnt irii genera carniinn, galli- naruni, leporum, &l auiarum, ()uxs eisi niilri;>iit in copi.js, viuntur duniaxat pcllibus aut pluniis. Cajlcrarura vero bestiaruin ^: animaliuin liriti; vestuiiiur < arnibux pro virtu, & lade pru potn. Ibi quisq; ^ir liriie potest omiungi cui(|ue mulieri, quantnmrunque propiuquet, exreptis progenilciribus, [.aire \' inatrc. Nam rohabitaiio, & conimixtio omnium viroruni ad singulas nuilieres apparet ibi communis, vjkIc nialer nalum paruulum suuin, aditil pro sui plarito cuiri'inque \iro, qui cirra gener.itionis tempus serum dorniierit, nee \n- let \IIun \irorum esse rerlus de ])rcprio generalo, (pieni nuiduin exiegem aibitror iV turpein. Sicut ergo |)ra;rafus «um, mult.i inira xidentur per He. ioiies IikItuiii, niiia (piidc nchi^. sed illis assueta, cjuilius si noMra recitarentur assnrta, audireni [-ro miri";. Nam X- (lu:n (|ui- busdam dixi auras viuas :i|)iiil nos nasri in arboribus'. adniirati sunt satis. In n.ultis loils seiniiiatur singulis annis semeiitiim de l| Cothon, quid nos dirimus lanani arboream, exiii- gUDl ei modira arbusta, \el |) tius ariiusiula de (piilnis laiis l.iiia liabrlur: est arbor Iiuii- perus de ruins ligno desiccjio, si rarbniie.* \iuos siih propiijs tinrribus tenueris diligcnlcr (ipertos, igiiili seruabuntrr ad annum. list \: yeiius N'lirimi iiirr.dihilis magiiitudiriis a;l (|uantiiat('ni magni rapilis: & bestia vo- rata, orallans, vel srrfans, n rporc in nostroiuiii allituiline (aljallorum, it rolln in yO lungi- tudine ( ubitiiruni ad prtHpiriendum \llra donids iS.; nuiros, cpioniin j)osteiii.ra a|>parcnt M liiiinirnli sine lerni. (iei.us est eiiam C'amelionuni ad formam hvniuii.irum, cpii semper palulo tendunt ore, vrl nil manducantC'*. Viuunt dc acre, qux ctiain ad suuni libitum vidcntur sibi variare colorem. exceptis (vt dirilur) aibo vet rul-eo. Maxir.'.i ni| I' III 111 y. /. Mandeuil. )is iiiiiueti, vnum mm, veliit ribal- rc{nitatur idoncit tradila rompc- isucuit hoininein luissem cauKam, iialricibus paruos oquela cadibram, nntra iialuram & iactantcs in mag- it, patrbil vxori-> nm, \t lor in viillu niarcesicrcr, i*v: die terlia vita iieriret. Discrctio & ralioiiabi ii.is ij< adcst niodica, ncc enim liabcnt laborarc nisi pro vestitu, qiicm slbi cir(a arbusta colligiinl : IU conlicit \nusquisq: pro I'i aiinis \ita'sii,a\ Mtra haiic Iiiviilain siliicsfrcs, & fortes hab'-iilur homines, ^ed bistialcs, vestiti per totum corpus proprijs capillis lV [lilis, exccptis palmis, & faciebiw, cpii videntur penitus gubcrna- tione i"C: poliiia carcre : vcnaiKur carnes per silua:*, tSf discurnmt piscantcs in aquis, omnia • riula ■ orantes. Huiusad tcrrae inetas manat fluuius Briemer lalitudinis duarum leucariim, & semis, quern nos iransirc nequiuimus, nee ausi fuimus. Quoniam illo transniisso instant deserta 15. aut piiirium di;ctatum inliabitata nuc temporis (prout audieramus) diucrsis & nobis ignotis genc- nijiis be-stiarum, scrpciifum, VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. 1. JMandcuil. Oiilla. ArjiM. 1Ij!.c lo.uni r-it.it Ucijidii» MmjtDI III tN.t c^iit.i gcncrjl:. DjKnfi.g Pin ( iiiitur soils & hina\ vix possent. Altamen suo tempore Alexander magnus acribitur perti- Sissc, & qiiacdam ah arboribiis licfilia siiccepisse responsa. Circa has arborcs cxcolitiir 15alxamiim, cuius liquoris comparatio nusquam scitur rontiiieri sub coeio. Nam ibidem homines de isiarum arborum fructibus & BaNamo vtcntes dicuntur illoriim virtute quadringciilis aut piuribus annis viuere. I'cruenit autcm & Du\ D.iiius Ogcrus, ac manducauitde illis, vnde & nonnullipr.-c sensus -toliditate vcl fidei louitatc putaiit ipsum adhuc alibi viuere in terris. Eo;o autcm quia tantum pro diiatamla Christiaiiitale laborauit arbitror magis, euin regnarc cum ('hristo in ccelis. Versus Oiicntalcs park's Indorum ronsislit magna regie Taprobane cxiibcrans optimis fcr- rciiorum iKiiiorum, in quain nauigio infrauimus in octo vcl circa diaetis per aquam satis te- iiiicm, hand profundam. Ibi, sicut i*i; in alijs miiltis Insulis, rex non nasciliir sed eligitin l)er partes terra; : &: est iia-c vna dc (|uindi'cini nominatis Hegionibus conquisitionis Ogeii. Ista, cum modicum declinet a circulo terra- sub .liquatore, patitur in anno diias ;rstafes, \ duas hyeines, si tamen hyems aliqua diti dcbeat, & non magis a^sfan, quia nulhis luc die> anni caret friiclu, flore, gcrmine. Habitalorcs sunt discrcti, & honesti, vnde & mercalores, dc remotis partibus libenter cum ijs connniniicaiit ; & sparsim per regioncm habitant piurimidinites Christiani. Ilijs iunguntiir dua- insula? (qiias nos vocanuis, Urilla, & Argita,) quanqiiam ilia lingua aliter nominenlur. In qiiarum prima sunt nuilta> mincria; auri, in secunda argcnti, & pro))- Irr qiiandain rrassiludinem aeris continuam, perpaiica apparent sydera, pra-ti?r \nun) quod dicunt Canopfi, quod a:slimo planclam Veneris. Kt quod mirum est valJe, de omiii Junatione ijs apparot nisi 'i. quarla. Cuius roi probabilis ratio etlugit cliam Astronomos vald^ pcritos. IIAtque per has Insuias quoddani rnbruni njare a mariUccano segregatur. Iiaq; in Orilla in locis mullis enbdilur, colligilur, & conflatiir optimum auri meiallinii. per viros, mulicres, & paruulos in hoc insirurtos, sed & in nimnullis ilii montibus monstran- lur congregationcs bestiolarum in quantitatc nostrorum catulorum, in I'ormicarum forma ac nalura totali : qui pro suis virii)us cUbdiunl, purilicant, & collignni cum iiitcnta occupationc auri minntias, cas reponcnics, it rcpo-ilas rctrahentcs de caueriiis & spcrubus in cauernas & -pecus. Ht in conseruando sunt diligcnte.s & acres, \t nemo audcat de facili jiropinquare, nisi quod intcrdmn ab illis j)ausantibus, stu ab a'stu sc occullantibus, aliqiii non sine pcriculo in dromedarijs & vcredarijs rapiunt, vcl fiirantur. Solct etiani ab cis obtincri, quod excogitato ingenio super equam qua- nuj)er fwtum edi- dcrit, imi)oncntes hciUiines duas do ligno listulas sen copliinos nouos, vacuos, & apcrfos ;\ laleribus depondentcs prope tcrram ; hanc famelicam dimittunt vt se pascat ad herbas in montcni : Quam furmica- \'tdenles solam, salientes & iocantes, cnlludunt ad cam & ad cius (■(inlincs pro noiiiiate : & quoniam cis est naturale, vt circa se omne vacuum implere conen- iiir ('(important cerlalim atifuni sutnn in vasculis suis mundis. Ci'imque homines a remotis (cinpus obseniaiicrint, emiltunt ])ulluni equap vt videat niatrem, cuius aspcctu iam diu stclit priuatus, ad ( uiiis hinnitum protiniis eqna reuertitur onusta dc auro. Ilijs erg6 & similibus inodis homines aurum diripiunt a formicis. Capvt. 48. Aliqnid dc Info Paradisi tcrrcstris per auditum. AI"inihu>. Impcrij India? recta linea in orientcm nihil est habitalum vel habitabile, projitcr nipiiun, & nioiiiiiiin aiiiiudincni, iV aspcritalcm, & propter acris inter Alpes diucrsitatem ; nam III niulii". locis, licci (]iiaii(l()<|uc acr sit scrcnus, nunc (itspissus nunc I'umosus, vel venenosus, iV I'retiuenter die medio tcnebroMis. l)iir/int(]uc aut potius aggrauescunt huiusmodi dif1icidlate<, VKjuc ad illiiin ama-nissiniiMn Paradisi locuni, quern imiloplausti per inubedicniiam sibi iV posleris pcrdidi^sc noNCUiiliM', (jiiod spacium si metiri posset, est mullarum \iique dia-tarinii. Quia iam non \ltcrius proce«si, ncc procedere qniui, pauca dunlaxat de illo loco releramvc- risimilia, qua' (!idi( i per auditum. Paradisus tcrrcslris dicitur locus spaciosus ad amplitudinem quasi qujn(|; Insulartnn nos- tranun. S. 1. JMandeuil- ; acribitur perti- scitur rontiiieri vtci\tes diciintiir inulli pnx scnsus tem quia tantiini to in ccelis). •ans optimis tcr- r aqtiam satis tc- -iliir scd eligitiir [uisilionis Ogi-ii. tliias jr.statcs, \ ia inillus iiic iliis hiis iibcnter cum li. iqunm ilia lingua ar^ciiti, & prop- irlor Muiin qiind Ir omiii liinationc los \Mi; pcritos. n aiiri inctalliim, )iitil)iis iiuinstran- )i('anim forma ac tcnta orcupationc HIS in caiirrnas i.^ icili ]>ropinquarr, non sine pcriculo niipcr ffftum cdi- ruo.i, & apcrtos \ sr:it atl hcrb.Ts in ail fain & aiirgites, cfliccrct siirdos, & aeris miitatio ca-cos, vnde & mulli tain nobiles quAin ignobilcs, fatua sese audacia in isto pont-tcs pcriculo pcricrunt, alijs cxcoecalis, alijs absiirdatis, & nonnullis In ipso accessu subitanea morte per^ emptis. E\ cpio nimiriiin credi habetur istuni Deo displicere conatiim. *" Qiiapniptcr & ego c\ illo loco statui aniinuin ad rcpatriandum, quntenus Deo propitio, Anglia qua* me produxit seculo viucntcm, suscipcret inoricntein. C A P V T. 49. In reuertendo de Cassan, & Riboth, & dc diuitc Epulonc. EXhinc de illis quae in reuertendo vidi scribo cursim j)auca, ih- modum exccdcre videatur materia, Reucrtebar ilaque cpiasi per Aquilonarc lain* Impcrij Ircsbyteri loannis, & nunc terr.T, non mari nos commrndantcs, transiuimus Deo Duttorc, nuiltas InMilas in iniiitis diatis, Si peruonimus ad rogionem magnam Cassan: hac cum sit vna de quindccim liabens longi- tudincm diataruin (30. & latitiidinem propi! 30. posset esse nominatior omnibus ibi circa pro- uiucijs, si a nostris frequentarctur. Kotandum, Vis fCT qiism MandeviiUul rc- Ciisif'. m\ 'S i:m VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. MandaiU I , : I M^ ir^ f '\ ' Hikotli. (jtbaiiiisum- mvii ittnloluin NMaiuluni. Cassaii (,«fundum Odcriciim) est melior proiiincia dc niiindn, vbi sfrirtinr est, Iiabct di»tas 50 vbi loiiRior (lO, & est vna de 12. proiiincijs Imperij Grand Can. Est ist.i piUmlosa, distincta ciiiitatibiis, vt qiii^quc i\ quacunqiic plaga de vna exeat ciuitate nouerit aliam in media dix-ta proijiriquain. Tcni-tque istam rogicniem Cassan rex dines & potent, prii i)ar(c dc Imperio IVajshy tcri hiannis, & pro parte dc Imperio Grand Can. l)c i>ta in rcucrsiono nostra veiiimiis ad Re^num Riboth, qnod similiter est vnnin de quiii- decim, latum, & speriosuin, in »|no dc multis bonis, habetiir plena copia. Hoe tenclur in totode Imperio 'fartaroriim. \'na est ibi infer \; super omnes ciuitas .Sarerdotalis, & Rcgia, in qua Ilex liabef snmn maiisnilicinri palaliiiin, X: suinmns Idolorum I'oiitilex quern Labassi appellant, mi omnes Reg- ni ohcdiiint, & popiili siiiit Doniino I'apae noii Christiani quoniam & iubet, & benedicit, at conlcrt sacerdotibus bcntlicia idolorum. Ciuilafis vndique miiri siuit rompacti albis it nij;rii« lapidii)us eonquadralix ad inodiim nca- karij, omiifequc ronlracta; simili pauinieiito fC( iidis l';!- di!-, Kcllif;ii>s()s. & saccrdotcs pro posse, qui certo Die ronuenicntts sub maj;no Syinplxiriia' ('o>- to, L'oinportant dcruiirti cadauer, in nionlis sublime cacumen. ll)i arcedcns dijjnior Pri^la- loruni, funcris caput abscindit, tradens h.Tredi in lureo disco decatanti sub douotionc suas orationes cum suis in propria lingua. Afquc interim aucs reijionis rapaccs, iV immund.T, \t corui, vultures, & aquilac-, qua* pro con^ueludine optimf^ morem norunf, aduolant maj;no lui- incro in ai-re : Tuncque Rellifjiosi cum sacerdotihus dctruncant corpus in (ru-^ta velul in nii- cello, pvoijcientes pecias in ahum auibus, ac decatantes certain ad hoc compo^.itam oralio- nem, tanquam si nostri saccrdotcs cantarcnt. .Subuenite sancti Dei. \'c. V.t habct corum oratio, lunic scnsiun in sua liiijjua. IU'spi( e <|ii."ini iiistiis \- sane ttis tx'i. til homo iste, quern Anj;i'li Dei conuoniunt acciperc & in I'aradisum detcrrc. 'I'alique (li.i- holico errore delusi, pufant filius, & a.iiici, quod dcfunrtiis sit in Parailisuni Iranslafus, \iiiaf illic scnipiterne beams, quDuiain, vbi jWurcs comieuerc volucrimi, iiii niaiorrm lirtuntur \- iactant fuisse numcrum An^cloruni. nine delude reu. rtentcs, cum ciwris, iSj resonantia .Mu^icomm, lilius paralum prfrstat oni- nilnis cdiuiiiiiiuu, in cuius line pro cxiremo fercul", (radii sin;;ulis particular, de ])atris (a- pite summa cum deiu)lione. Ilane cliam capitis caluariam lilius facil pustmodum del)it('' f, r- uiari I's; poliri sil)i pro cvpho, in quo bihil inconuijs, ob recordaiionem amantissimi patris. Ab hoc Regiu) decern dieti.s ])er potestatem Imperatoris (irand Can. inuenitur Insula dc- lectabilis, & speciosa s;uis: cuius Hex est pra?poteiis in gloria, i^ in diuitijs superabundant iV de multis ipia- illic jjerunlur admirandis vnum recito solum. Quod est ibi homo quidam dili.ssimiis nullius dignitatis nomine honora(us,sed bysso, ac «r- rico udornatus, iV splendide oiiini tempore epulatus: non er>;() Mill dici priiurps. Dux. ro. me-, miles, aul luiiu-modi, licel siipcrioritatem habeat supi r irarchioncs aliqiKis \- baroiu-i I'.iiis posscssionis valor ;i's|imaiiir in anno ,'jO. euman de assinarijs l)ladi, iV lisj, ncc (jimrii iii«i tieiilio-c \iuere in islo seculo, vt cum diuite F.pulonc sepelialur in inferno. Cum cli.Tn •■il)i (lerclii lus sil, iste\iuen(li modus a retrdjjeniloribus, eiiin ^. ipse posicris dtTeliiKiui'l. Ilii i.oi()uam Inipeiiaii iisidct paiatio, cuius muri ainbilus ad Iraciiun leiici' lenditiir, conii- neiis arbusia, \inela, riiiiilos, (ontes &: siagna, aulas, & tubicula aurusiral-i ilcpi( i.i(|ue miri*, & scuipta arlillcio-c, vltra quam vales c\j)!i(are, K: inter cmiiia ad medium pal. ilium in cel.i) veriiie alriuin aniii-num, valile tamen iiKidicn, scd cundis pra-ci(wius, apdilU io, cpia-i ad scriiij no-tr.irum I'.ccle-iarum, cum lurribiis, jiilarijs, &; coltimiiis, in qiiibiis nihil pnirninct irKli;;- nius auro. Nuiiquam vol ran") hie exit de sud palaiio cum snjis pulehris (pios sibi (onuocai \ conuarial p;iruis pucris iV jniellis, non exccdcntilms Iti nnnosirtatis. Tt'nditdum lilietjir- dibus, <|uan(l6(|ue ve( l.iiur equo, interdiim duciiur vehicuin, noiinunqiiam vult ferri !;csi.it( - rio, \el (crle puellaribus brachijs, &- visit. il s.Tpisbimt- pnrfatum pncciosiiis.'Hiificium: :ilquf 'i* ■,w S. /. Mandeun indo, vbi sfrirfinr rand Can. Est ista eat ciuitafc nouerit X dines Si potcin, L'an. est vnuin dc quiii- Hoc- teiielur in Rex liiibet smiin int, riii omnes Heg- ct, & bencdicit, at •alin ad luodum !*rn- rcuerenlia sacrifici- ihtici.i- pcciidis T.i- iniiimionH suiicrxli- it copnatoH, nmicos jno Svm|)h()ii!a' rc>- di-ns dif;ni(>r IVfrhi- siib douoliime siia-^ ■c->, (S; iminiinda', \t :i(bi \' xniH 111-* c\'i' I'lVrrc. T.dicjiic di,:- tsnni traiislatiis, \iiiat maiorfm lirtantur iV- paratum prirstat oin- li( iila^n, de palri** ra- (istmtxliiin di'l)itt'' f> i- I amanlifsinni pafri-*. iniirniliir Insula dr- iiiitijs siiperabiindai!", •aiii's, '•ed bys«io, ar fe- ci priiurp^, Hiix. cn- <■« alitjuds & barniU'J li, iV ri>i, nee 118 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, S. I. Mandcuil. |M ' " '/ •' >/ I dationco, inxklia*, & interfrriionM, inter qua"", iiiti i\ Domino nwroditus, nnn tran«i(wem sine moMc, vel mortis periciilo. Si sine rriniiniim granili nimiiio. Et ercc nunc CRresiionin mw anno»33. constitutiw in Leodij ciiiitate, qiur h innri Annlio) diMtat solum perdua^diaetas audio dictas Dominoriim inimicilias, per jjrali.uii Dei consopiiaH ; (piaproptrr & spcro, ac propono de reliquo sierundum matiiriorem .xtatem mo posse in proprijs, intcndere corporis quioti, animicq; saluli. Hir itaquc finis sit srripli, in nomine I'alris, & Filij, & spiritus sanrii, Amfn. Explicit itincrariiim a terra Anj;li.r, i.i partes Iliirosoliniiianax, & in vlteriores transma- rina'i, editiim [mmh in linH;na Ci.iiliian.i, A Domino loaniie Nfandeiiillc milite, sno au- thore. Anno incarnationis Domini l.'ijj. in Ciiiitatc Leodiensi: Et I'auU^ post in eadem ciiiitalc, tran.slaiuni in dictani I'ormam Latinam. Hichardi Ilakluyti brciiis admonitio ad Lectorem. lOannem Mandeiiilliim nostralem, enidiiiini & insi;>ncm Anthorem (Balii-o, Mereatore, Ortelio, & ahj-i, tl•^lilln^^ ah inniimcris Siriharnm iS: T\ po^nphorum mendis rcpur;;an(lo,ex nuiltiiruni, eorum(|iie opiimorum exemidarinm rollalione, ipiid pni'stiterim, vir.rdin dortu- rum, i!t eoruni prie(ij)ui^, qui rie(rapni.'e, i'^- Anti(|uilali-i periti -"Unf, esto indicium. Qua- autem liabet de monstriferis h(Mninnm formi-* iiincrarij ^ni j)riecedentis capiiilius trii;e-<>iimo, fri^essimo primo, tri^essimo tenio, .S: spnrsim in scquentihus, (pianijuam non nei^em al) iilo fortassc qui'dam eonnn alicul>i vi-a fiiisse, maiori tamen ex parte, ex Caio I'linio sc< undo haiista videnlur, \t (acile patehit ea cum his I'linianis, hie ideo a me apposilis, rnllaturo, oii.t idem Plinius, Mnguiis suis autiiorihus singula referf, in eonim plivrisque lidem suam minin.c obbtringens. Vale, atque aut mtliora d.ito, aut his vicre meium. Ex libro sexto Naturalis histori.r ('. riinij secunlandas mohiliiate ij;nea. Fcriini ( crtc ah Orientis parte intima j;entes esse xine iiariliiis, a-qiiali loiius oris plaiiitie. Alias supcricire labro orbas, alias sine lins;iiis I'.irs iiiam ire concrcio & narihus rarens, vno lantuin fora- mine spirar, potumqiie calamis ancna? Iraliit, iV j;rana eiiisdem anei.a', s|)oM'e prone, lientib ad vcscendum Quii)n>dam pm sernione nniiis moti'i-((n(' memhrnrum est. &c. Ex libro ciusdem I'iinij septinio, ("Ar.'i. riii litulus est, De Scythis, & aliarum diuerhitate gentium. T,Sse Srytharum genera, & qnidem plura, qua- corporihus humanis vesrcrenlur, indiraui- mus. Idipsum incredihile forta-se, ni cogiiemus in nieJio orhe lerr.irum, ar Sirilia ik Italia fuissc gcntes hiiius monstri, Csclopas X- Lastrignias, & niipcrrime trans Alpes lioniinrm ini- molari gentium earn more sf)litum : tpiod pauhim ;\ niandciulo atiesf. Scd iV inxta eos, iim sunt ad Septentrionem versi, hand procul ah ipso Aqnilnis exortu, speci'icpie cins dido, (pieMi locu Gescliti-on appellant, prodnntnr Ariinaspi, duns diximu-, vno urulo in fronte media in- signes: qnibns assiilui; bJlum esse circa nu-talla cum gr\ pliis, fcrarinn volucri j^ctiere, cpialc viilgo traditur, erucnte <'x ( nuicnlis aiirnm, iiiiri cupiilitate S: f. ris ( nsfodienti! us, .^- Ari- niaspis rai)ientihiis, multi, sed maxima illiisires IleriHlotus, \- Aristeas Proci nncMus scribnnt. Super alios antem A .thropophagos Scylhas, in cpiadam connalle magna Imai nitnitis, regio est, qua- vncatur Aharimon, in (|i'a syhiestres vinnnt homines, aurrsis |) tnantcli- bus ante pectora \ti, Isigonus Nicrensis. Mi m» in Alliania gigni qnosda:n glama oruloruin acie, i pueritia statim caiins, qui nixtu i)liis(|Ma'n interdiii cernant. Idem itiiere dienim \. supra BoryMhcuem, Sauromatas terlio diecihum capcrc semper, ("rates IVrgamenus in llei- lesponto -L ' /. Mandcuil. nmxMtm siiir pjrcMionis vntx Mdinetaf, audid ro, ac propono (irpiiri'* quicH, rioros iraii'tma- inilitp, siio aii- I'aiili^ post iii !a;o, McrcatiTc, rcpuij^Miulo, i'\ \ir.iriiiii ilortu- ticliciiiin. Qii.r il)iH trii;cssimti, II ncijcni al) illo I I'linio sr( uiuld *, rollaliiro, uii.t in suuin iniiiinu- ]iii tilio .Ivtliidpc ills j;i^ni niiniiii^ I'criiiil ( iTli' al) Ali.w siipcricTc' vnn lantiim fora- m'r proucaiciiti^ *, Si aliariiiu crentiir, indiram- ac Sirilia iSi ll.iliii pc-i lidtiiinrni im- I iV iiixta »•"•<, iiui ' ciiis ilictd, (|iifm froiiic im'dia in- iicri .;<'iu"ro, (pialf ilifiitii ii«, i^- Ari- r niu'--iii-* siTibunf. 1 nidiiii-i, rcnid est. ra planlis, c\imia' •.I'l linitimosrpj:(s s nu'ifior pnxlidit. 1 itiiirrp supra Rn- pillci pp' tnaiilfli- I ^laina onildrum iliuTC dicriim \. iTj;amcmix in lli'l- It'spclllo S. I. Mandcuil. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. I2U lesponto cirtn Parium, Reiuis liomimim fiiiswe tradif. quon Ophioijencs vocat scrpenfum ictUN rontaclii leuarc hoIUoh, & manii iinposita veiicna extrahcre corpori. Varro etiani nunc CHue paiiccw ibi, quorum saliua; contra ictun scrpentum medcantur. SimiliH & in Africa gen* I'Hyllorum fuit, vt Agatharchides mrribit, h IVyllo regc dicta, cuius Hcpuichrum in parte Syr- (ium maiorum est. Ilorum corpori ingcnitum fuit virus exitiale scrpentibuM, vt cuius odorc nopircnt cas. M(W vcr6, libcros ^enitoN protinus obijcieiidi sapui'tHiinis earum, e6quc genere ])udiciiiani coniiiKum cxpcricndi,' non profuRicnfibuM adultcrino xanguine nalo8 scrpentibuH. lliisc gens ipsa (|iiidcm propc internicione sublata est i\ Nasamonibus, qui nunc cati tencnt scdcs : genus tamen Iioniiiiu ex his qui profugeraiit, aut ciSm pugnatum est, abruerani, ho- dieque remanent in paui is. Simile & in Italia Marsorum gentis durat, quos a Circes tilio ortoij seniant, & ideo inessc ijs vim naturalem eain. Et tamen omnibus hominibus contra serpcntes iiiest vc'neniim : feruntquc ictas saliua, vt feruentis aquir contactu fugere. Qudd si in fauces pcnelrauerit, eliam niori : (dq; maximt; himiani ieiuni oris. Supra Nasamonas confin^sque illis Machlya-i, Aiidrogiiios esse vlriusq; naturae, inter se vicibus coeuntes, Calliphanes tradit. Aristdtcles adijcit, dexiram mamniam ijs virilem, iteuam muiiebrem esse. In eadem Africa familias qua^dam ctllisrinantium, Ir.igonus & NymphtMlorus tradunt quarui.i iaudationc in- tcreaiit probata, arescant arborcs, emorianlur infantes. Esse eiusdem generis in Triliallis & lllvrij-i, adijcit Isigdiiin, qui \isu (iiidqiic etTiisciiicnt, interimiintque quos diutius intucStur. Iraitis |)r(rciputi nculis: quod edruin niahiin faciliiis scntire pubcres. Notabilius es.se qu6d pupillas l)iiias in oculis sinj;ulis habcani. Iluiiw generis &. fccminas in Scythia, quae vocantur Billiyu', prodit Apolloiiidis. I'luiardiiis iv in I'onio Thibiorum genus, multoiiquc alios eius- dem nalura:: qudrum nolas tradit in alirro oculo geinina pupillam, in aitero cqui effigiem. Kosdcin praiteni'l non posse intrgi, ne vcstc (piidem degrauatos. Hand dissimile ijs genus I'hariiai urn in yl-ltliiopia prodidit Damon, <|Udrun» sudor tabem cfltaclis corporibus aflTerat, Fneininas quidcm omnos vbiqiie visu noccrc, qua- dupliccs pupillas liabeant, Cicero quoque apud nos aulor est. Adc(^ natunc, cum fciarum niorem vescendi humanis visceribus in lioininc geiuiis.sci, gignerc etiam iu toto cdrjidrc \; in quorundam oculis quoque venena pla- cuil : nc quid vsquA mali rsspt, quod in homine non esset. Ilaud procul vrbe Roma in Fa- liscorum agro familix sunt pauca?, qua; vocantur Ilirpiie : qua; sacrilicio annuo, quod fit ad montein Soraciem Apoliini, super anibustam ligni struem ambulantes non aduruntur. Et ob id |)erpe(uo senaiusconsullo militiii- omnit'miq; alioru numerum vacationem habent. Qun- niiidam corpore partes nasciinturad ali(pia mirabilcs sicut Pyrrho regi pdllex indcxtero pede: cuius taclu lienosis medcbatur. Ilunc creniari cum reliquo corpore non pntuisse tradunt, coiidiiunupie loculo in lemplo. I'nrcipud India /Kthiopiimq; tractus, miraculis scatent. Maxima in India gignuntiir animalia, Indicia sunt canes grandiores ceteris. Arbores quidem tantir proccritatis tradutur, vt sagitiis supcrari nequeant. Ha-c facit vbertas soli, temperiei* ccrli, aquarum abundantia (si liboal credere) vt sub vna lieu turmte condantur equitiim. .\rundines venS tanf.-r proccritatis, vt singula internodia alueo nauigabili ternos interdum ho- mines ferant. MuWos ibi quina cubita constat longitudine excedere : non expuere : non capitis, aut dcntium, aut cculorum vllo dolore affici, raro aliarum corporis partium : tarn mo> dcrato Solis \ap(irc diirari. Phili)so|)hos eorum quos (iymnosophystas vocant, ab exortu ad Occasiim pnestare, contiientes .Solcin immobiiibus oculis : ferucnlibus harenis toto die alter- iii« pcdibiis iiisisterc. In montc ( ui nomen est Milo, homines esse aucrsis plantis, octonos (iii;ilos in singulis |)cdil)us habentcs, autor est Mcgasthencs. In nnillis autcm montibus genus iioininum capitibus caninis, ferarum pellibus velari, pro voce latratum edere, vnguibus ar- iiuiium vciKiiu iV aiu iipio vc>-ci. Ilonim supra centum viginii millia I'uisse prodente se, Clcsias scribil : & in quadam gcnte India?, fcrininas semcl in \ ita parcre, genila-ique confeslim cinesccre. item hominiiin genus, qui .Monosceli vocarentur, singulis cruribus, inira; per- nicitatis ad salluin : eosdcmquc Sciopodas vocari, {nniem nine ore, corpore fold hirtam vestiri I'rondium laniiRinf, halitii tanliiin vitienlrm.tc odorc qupin naribun Irahant : nullum illiHcibum, nullumqup polum ; lantum radirum iagilii!<, veris tempore, vniucrnu a^minc ad marc (liwrcMdrrc, & oua, pumnque earum allium coimumrre. ternis rxpeditionem eam mcuNibus coiili( i, alitor futiiriM ^ri'^ibus non rcNivti, Casas roriun Into, pciiiiinqui-, A: ouorum putainiiiibuM conxtrui. Aristotrlc)* in cauerniN \ iucrc Py^miiMM tradit. Coclora de hi*, vt rrliqui. CvrnoH Indorum kimiin Isi^nnuH anniN ccntcnis quadraKciiis viucrc. Itrm Aetliiopas Mai TobiiH, & Scras cxixtimat, Ifi qui Atbon montcm iiicobnt : bos quidcm quia vipcrinis carnil)u>( ulantur, itaqiic ncc capiti, nrc vc^tibuN corum noxia ccrpori incM^e ani- malia. Ono-^icritUM, ipiibuH in IocIm bidiiL- vmbrn> non !t.inc vllo corporis lan^uore traduci. Diiris, Indorum quo.sdam cum fcris coire, mistosipic iV scmilcros cs«e parties. In Calinj^is <-iusdem India- jjentp quinqiicnncs coiuipcrc IcGininas, octaiium \itic aiuuim non cxcedi re, iV alibi cauda villof-a homines nasci pcrnuilatis cximi,-r, alios auribus totns ;amenus ("rates. Item Aethiopas octona ciibita lonjjitu- dine excedere. Svrbot.is vocari ncntem cam Nomadum Aethiopum, secundum (lumen Ast.i- itnl,vu. pum ad Septentrionem II vreifentium, (Jens Mcnisminorum appellata, abesi ab oceano dic- rum itinerc \i;,'inti, animalium, quae Cynocephalos vocamus, lanim anneiit.i pascit maribus interemptis, pr.x-terquam sobolis causa. In Africe lolitudiiuhu- hominum spe- cies obuia; subinde Hunt, monient6que euanescunt. II.tc atcpic talia, ex hominum Kcncrc ludibria sibi, nobis niiracula, in^eiiiosa fecit natura : ^ singula quiilem. qu:r lai it indie^, nc lin.pti boras, quis cnumcrare valeat ? Ad delegendam cius potcntiam, sal is sit inter prodigi.i pusuisse gentes. This note fcdInvvinK, concerning the aide and as>istance of the rnglish Marchants, giuen to King lohn the first of Portugal, for the v»iiuiiiig of Cent in Harbarie, which was the nr>l occasion of all the Portugal! discouerii-s, is taken out cf Tb»)- mas Walsinghams Latinc Chronicle. Anno I4I.'». IIOc anno, loannes |)rimus Hex Portuga!!i;e, freius niixilio Mercatoriim Anglite quani ma\imt^, vS: .-Memannorum, \ icit Agarcnns in terra Kegis Hctinarinoruin, mullis eortiin milli- bus ad gencnim Ccreris destinatis: cepilquc ciuitatcm eoruiu quam ampliiwimain supra mart sitam, vocatam Ccut eoruin lingua. The same in P.nglisb. 1415. Tllis V cere lohn the first king of Portugal, l)ei!ig priiui|)ally assisted by ihc help cf the Unglibh .Slarchants, and Almaincs, ouercamc the .Moorcs in the dominion of the King of Bar- bariv, ' )■ ' if ''if ? (■. S. I. MandtuU. M cote cubitalr*, r NomadoH IiuIoh iyriclalis.siniain supra nuirr I by the help nf the I) of the King of Bar- baric, Macham. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. barie, putting many thousandi of them to the »wordc, and be tookc their Citie which was very mightie, acated vpon the Hea, which U called Cent in their language. The voyage of Macham an Engliihrnan, wherein he first of any man, diicoiiered the Hand of Madera, recorded verbatim in the Porliigali hintorie, written by An- ihonio Raluano. IN the yeere l.'144. King Peter the fourth of that n?mc, raigning in Arragon, the Chroni- cles of hii age, write, that about thin time the Hand of Madera, standing in 'M. degrees, was discoucrcd by an Englishman, which wan named Macham, who sayling out of England into Spaine, with a woman that he had stolne, ariued by tempest in that Hand, and did cast anker in that ha'ucn or bayc, which now is called Machico, after the name of Macham. And because his loner was sea sickc, he went on land with some of his companie, and the shippe with a good winde made saile away, and the woman died for thought. Macham, which loi'id her deerely, built a chappell, or hercmilage, to bury her in, calling it by the name of hn\9 and cai ic J his name and liers tobe written orgranenupon thestop-. of liertom ".', and the '"wi< ,i 'if their arriuall there: And afterward he ordained a boate made of one tm (for » • -c hv i le, tcouued <'i.i'iy of France and Castile to goc and to discouer ij, and also It j'reat <'aiM(ia, "ic. In the veere 1417 King Inhn the second, raignini^ ;>iif.'j.itii(, arijl h''i •■ii','';iri Liiiie Kath«'- rine beinj; Hcgent, one Monsieur Itiiben of Bfar,-.-« nt, whi•■ A(:m. )»■• him, he departed from Siuyl with a f^ood armie. And they ailirrt"' 'ho, a!^; , tf'.e (»i".iicij?.ni cause which moued him to this, was to di^coucr the Hand ofMadtni, v,!i.ch Machur.k iiiid founde, Sic. ibidem pag. "i. of Antbonii> Galliano. Conlirmatio treugarum inter Rcgem Angli.T tdiiardiim (piartuin, &• !< ;>nnetn jiCf un- diim Hej»em I'ortugalliie, datarum in o[)pido montis M.-iiiii(.< 8. C'-I)ruarij, & apud Westmonasieriiim I;}. Septcmbris, US*, anno rcjoi 'i2 Itegis F^'.iardi quart), lingua Liisitanica c\ opere scquenti excerpta. I.ibro d.\s fibras de (iarcia de Hcsende, que tnicta da vida i It it'/; df- He' ('.<>m lohnir. secundo Kinbaxada que el Key niurulnu a el Key H Inghtctra. { a\i 'S3. F.Daqni de Monte Mor mandoii el Key poremb,,ixadores, A cl rev dom 1?ii3T»>' d ■ Jn^l.'ittrra Hiiy (Ic Snu*a-pcs«(ia principal <• de muyfi bun saber e credito, tie que el Key m-.iyic <( f>.i;uia: «? ho doutor loam d'Klii.i>i, (• ((Tiiam de Pina por sccretario. K forain por mar muy hniira la- mente cum muy boa coinpanhia: bos ipuies t'oraiii en nomr del \cy I'Miiiirnvnr ns ligas air iqnis Com Inglaterra, (pie poila-condi(;an dcilas ho nouo Kci' 'le liimv reyno (■ <'. • .-titro era <)l;ri,;.v do i\ mandar conlirmar: <• l.nnbien |)era mostrarem ii > litoio que cl rcy tiiMia no senhorio di.' Ciiinee, pera «nie dcpois de \isto cl rey D'Inglaterra deliji le •« •! ,c I' Innlatcrrn mostrou rcceber grandc contentamcnto: i' foy delle con»nuivta honn rv oida, e em tiuli. Ic; inteiramcnte ho que pellos embaixadorcs Ihc foy requerido: de n.x elies (fti LJO.^, & a Cknientc (jiiinto Kom. ponfilice conlirinatiis. Splcndidus erat supn qu:\ni dc(cbat cpiscopiini. Constriixit rastrum Aclielandac, quatuor pa«iuiim millibusa I)u- neinu) in rijja \'ndiii;lcssi (Inuioli. Kitcshamnm eiiam vicinum Grenonico, ac Somaridunnm iMstelliini Lindian:e proninciir, ii-dilicijs iliusiria reddidit. Deinde & palalium Londini ercxit, quod nunc Edwardi principis est. Tandem ex splendore nimio, & polentia conflauit sibi apiid nobiiilatem iit<;entcin inuidiam, qiiani viiiens nnnquamextinf^uerc potuit. Sed de Antonio, & eius scriptis fusius in oi)ere, cuius titulus dc pontificibus Kritan;iicis, dicemtis. Obijt Au- toniusanno a nato in salutcm nnstram ('hri-(o, l.'ilO, Edwardo secundu regnante. The same in English. AN'iliinv Reck was bishop of Durisnie in the time oP the reigne of Edward the first of iliai n.nne after tlie ininsion of William the urcat into England. Tiiis Anthony was elected patrinrch of lenisalcm in Ihe yeere of our Lord (iod l.'iUJ, and was conlirnied by Clement the lift, pope of Komc. He was of greater magnificence then for the calling of a bi>4hop. lie founded also the casiU' of Achelaiid I'ouro miles from Dnrisme, on the shore of a pretv riucr (piead |)alatium imperaloris, (pii de illis sumpsit quot voluit, iS; residuas \ir ille ad locimi \nde venerat, addiixit. In hac ciuilatc requiescit corpus Athanasij supra portam ciuil;iii< ir:.!., miivi. Vltra traiisiiii vsque in Armenian) maiorem, ad qiiandam ciuitatem p. lie re of a proty riiicr ir nere vnto Grecn- :niilt new out of the .ird. Insoimieli, that limselfe great eniiy liut of this Anthony tlie Britain bishops, the reigiie of kiiij; rientaliiim Tar- •a mtiltis, egofaiiui' transfretare, nia^iia i Mare Mains me dr tus vocabatiir: Hire 'orum qui sunt vllra eentem serum pinv ro voiabant per aera, nda per tres diet.w : lu-i se nptabant (in a ad Trapesundam, & las \ir iile ad locum pra portam cinitaii^ v'lcatur Azaroii, qu.i- •uxeriint : In ea erai ni & friuluuni. II.ii a alia in hoe mnndu ■iialiirire ii (luminc a media enndi Tann- in ilia conlrata e-i II, si sorietas mea nit viupi.im ilium nmn- ICMU Odorlcus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. U:i Tiuriicioiui Pcrsix. tern ascendere potuit, quia vt dicitur, hoc Deo altissimo non placet. Vltra veni Tauris ciuita- tem magnam & regalem, quae antiquitiis Susis dicta est. Hwc ciuitas melior pro mereenarijs repufatnr, qni\m aliqna quae sit in mundo, nam nihil comestibile, nee aliquid quod ad merci- moniiim pertinet, repcritur, quod illic in bona copia non habetur. Hasc ciuitas multum benfe situatur: Nam ad earn quasi totus mnndus pro mercimonijs conflucre potest: De hac dicunt Christiani qui ibi sunt, quodcredunt Imperatorcm plus de ea accipere, quum Regem Fran- cia; de toto regno suo: luxta illam ciuitatem est mon» ■salinus praebens sal ciuitati, & de illo sale vnusquisque tantum accipii, quantum vult, nihil soluendo alitui. In hac ciuitate multi Christian! de omni natione commorantur, quibus Saraceni in omnibus dominantur. Vltra iui Suinnu. per decern dictas ad ciuitatem dictam Soldania, in qua imperator Persarum tempore aestiuo commoratur ; In hyeme autem vadit ad ciuitatem aliam sitam supra mare vocatam Bakuc : Praidicta autem ciuitas magna est, & frigida, in se habens bonas aquas, ad quam nuilta mer- cimonia portantur. Vltra cum quadani societate Carauanorum iui versus Indiam superiorem, ad quam dum transissem per mnltas diefas perueni ad ciuitatem trium Magorum quai vocatur Cassan, cpia? regia ciuiias est & nobilis, nisi quod Tartar! earn in magna parte destruxerunt : Vticusibin hajc abundat pane, vino, & alijs bonis multis. Ab hac ciuitate vsque lerusalem quo Magi iuerunt miraculosfc, sunt L. diettr, & multa mirabilia sunt in hac ciuitate quae pertranseo. Indfe recess! ad quandam ciuitatem voratam Gest i\ qua distat mare arenosum per vnam dietam, G«t. quod niir6 est mirabile & periculosum: In hac ciuitate est abundantia omnium victualium, & ficuum poiissinie, & vuarum siccarum & viridium, plus vt credo quam in alia parte mundi. Ha>c est tertia ciuitas melior quam Rex Persarum habet in toto regno suo: De ilia dicunt Saraceni, quo interrogate, qui diccnt vobis veritatem: .Muliere aulem .-ic diccnte, Kccc vniis de Alexandria pra'sens rogaiiit Kadi vt miileret pro eis, dicenseos esse homines maximac scientiit & scripturas bene s, ire, & ide6 dixit bonuin esse cum illis dc (idc disputare: Qui misit pro illis, & iiddtKii siuit isti quatuor, quorum nomina sunt frater de Tolentino de Marcliia, frater lacobus de Padiia, (rater Demetrius Lii(u«, Petrus de Senis. Diniisso auteiii fratrc Petro, vt res suas custodiret, ad Kadi perrcxeruiit, (pil cccpit cum illis de fide nostra disputare; diceiis ('liristum tantiuii hominem esse & non Dciim. V. contri frater Thomas rationibus & excm|)li, Christum veruni Drum & hominem e«sc cuii'riitir ostendif, & in tantum couTudit Kadi, & inlideles qui cum eo tenuerunl, (|ii(')d non liabucrunt "^uid r".(ionabiliu'r contradicere: Tiiin videns Kadi sc sic confusnni, in'e|)il clamare sic; Et quid dicis de Ma iiometo ? Uespondit frater Thomas: Si libi prol)auinuis Ciiristum vcruin Deum & hominem e .se, qui legem posuii inter homines, et Macliomctiis e lontrario \enii'. & lejiem contrariam doc lii, si sapiens sis op. fim«^ sciie poteris, quid dc in dicendiim sit. Iterum Kadi .Sc alij Saract ni clamal)ant, Et tii quid iterum de M.ichnnieto dicis? Tunc frater T. respondit: \os onmes \idere |)otestis, q'lid dicode eo. Tiini c\ ijiio vultis (juod plane loquar de eo, dico quod Vf.uhometus vcster (iliii" perditionis est, iS; in inferno cum Diabolo patre suo. 1'. non solum ipse, sed omnes Jln ernnt qui tciient legem hanc, quia ip^a tota pestifera est, & falsa, & contra Deum, ,Si contn v> Intern animic. Hoc audientes .Saraceni, coeperunt clamare, moriatur, moriatur ille, qui sk contra I'roplietam locutus est. Time accepenint fratres & in sole vrente stare permiseriint, \l e\ caloresoli^ adusti, dira morte interirent. Tantus cnim est calor solis ibi,(|u6d si homo ineo perspacium vnius missje persisteref, moreretur: fratres tamen illi saiii 8c hilarcs a tcrlia \s()ue ad nonam laudantes & glorilicantes duminum in ardore solis permaiisenint, quod m- dentes Saraceni stupefacii ad fratres venerunt, & dixerunt, volumus ignein accendere copid- *um, iVr in ilium vos pmijcere, & si fides vestra sit vt diciiis, ignis non poterit vos comburerc: »i autem vos combusserit, patebit quocrmittas. Tunc 4 .Saraceni >ii- nientes I'ratrem Iaiol)iim, eum in itjnem proijcere volebant; (piibus ille, permittatis me, (|iiia libenler pro tide mea ignem intrabo: Cui Saraceni non ad(|iiiesccntcs eum \iolentcr in i;;- nein proiererunt: ignis autem ita accensus crat, (juod luillus eum viderc poteraf, Noceni ta- in tu if OdoriaU. itute : Sunt & ibi iiurcn inagni sunt. valeiit. All liiiT. rum, ita inaRniim ibi aqua. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Multar istfi modum; dum •cut vsque Polum- iiuorum.qui Ncst- idam illorum ; con- iin scro vir fiirtilir t Kadi, vtrum hen nt in ilom.) lioc vi- Liite, Im'< t- viuis dc s maxima; scieiiii.i! [are: Qui misit pro 1 de Marihia, frater cm frairc I'ctro, vi a dis[)iitaro; dicciiv lonibus & pxcmpli'. in lonliidit Kadi, & foniradiiorc: Tiiiu umu'to ? Kespoiuli! c, qui IcKom P"»iii ii, si >api«'ns >ii <>p- ni ilamabant, Et in idiTC potesli?<, q'liil lometiis vcsi»T lilius ipse, scd omiies iln Drum, I'v- contra »,> loriatur ille, qui mi : ^isima cst,& m AUlcm ordinaretur iic» seiies, & iuueiii's iciiduin. Fratres aii- quem frater Tlimn.h \: retraxit, dicing; bcre po>isfs super h; Tunc ■♦ Saraceni mi- permillatis me, (piu eum xiolentcr in i^- re poterat, \ ocem la- mtii Odoricui. men eiut audierunt, inuocantem setnpernomen virginis gloriosae; Igneautem totalitir con- siimplostetit frater Iacobussui)er prunas illxsus, & laetus, inanibus in modum criicis eleuatis, CO 145 n coclii respiciens & Deu laudans & glorificaiis, qui sicdeclararet fidem suam: nihil aiucm in CO nee panmis, nee capillus l.xsus per igncm i-.i.entus est; Quod videns populus vnanimitir conclamare cocpit, sancti sunt, sancti sunt, nrias <>.t ofTendere eos, mod.) vidcmus quia fide* eorum bona & sancta est. Tunc clamare ccr;)it l.adi: sanctiis non est lilc, quia comluistiis non est, quia tunica quam portat est de lana terr. . ilabraae, & ideo iiudus exspolietur, & in ig- nem proijciatur, & vidcbitur si comburctur vcl non. Tunc Saraceni pessimi ad prasceptum Kadi i^ncm in duplo magis qu:\m prills accendcrunf, &: fratrcm lacobuni nudantes, corpus su- ura abUicrunt, & olco abund intissimd vnxerunt, insupcr & oleum maximum in struem ligno- runi ex quibu's ignis fieret, faderunf, ^ igne accenso fratrem in ipsum proieccrunt. Frater aulem Thomas, & frater Demetrius extra populum in loco separate flcxis genibus orantes cum lathrymis dcuotioni se dcderunt, Frater autein lacobus iterum igncm exiuit illa;sus sicut prius fecerat: quod videns omnis populus clamare ca>pit, pcccatiim est, peccatiim est, oiTen- dcrc eos, qui:\ sancti sunt. Hoc autem lantum miracuhim videns Melich. i. potestas ciiiitatis, vocauit ad se fratrem lacobum, & fecit eum poncre indumenta, sua, & dixit, videtc fratres, Ite cum gr.ttia Dei, quia nullum malum patiemini a nobis, inodo bcn^ videmus vos sanctos esse, & lidl'm vestram bonam ac veram esse; & ideo consulimus vobis, vt de ista terra excatis, quilm ciiii'ls poteriii", quia Kadi pro posse suo vobis nocerc ciir.ibit, quia sic confudistis eum: Hora autem tunc erat quasi coinpletorij, & dixerunt illi de populo, attouiti, admirati, & stu- pefacli, tot, & tanta mirabilia vidimis ab istis hominibus, quod iicscimiw quid tcncre & ob- Heniarc debemus. ?,felicli vcr6 fecit diici illos trca fratres vlira vnum paruiim brachium maris in qiiendam Hurgi.'n modicum ab ilia ciiiitatedistantem: ad qiicni etiam ille in cuius iam do- ino fucra it liospitaii r in se habuit, ita quod nunquam dc ilia pnsie.i aliquid scituni est. Facto mane misit Kadi pro rebus fratrum pnediclorum nostroruni, \- tunc iiuientus est frater Petrus de Senis quar- tus socius fratrum priidictorum, quem ad Kadi diixcrunt : Cui Kadi, & alij Saraceni maxima vol.. u. U promittcntcj *^1' m^'\ t\:' llfl f Pii ■ ': p f • "'• 1 <[/ f. 146 VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Odoricua. promiltentes pcrsiiascrtint quod (idem siiam rciiucrcl, & Icfjem Nfaclioincli ronCitcrcfur, 8c tcncrct. Fratcr aiitcm I'ctrus do illis trulliibat, cos imilliim dcridi'iid's quciii dc mane vs(|iic ad meridiem diucrsis pacnarum ac tormciitoniin <;ciu'ribiis aflixcriiiit ipso sciiipir consiai>ti>- simc in fide, & in Dei laiidibus piisi>iento, iV lidciii iilcriiin MaclKiincti derideiitf & dc- stniente. Vidciilcs aulcin Sararcni eum no jjDSsca sud i)r(>i)iisito ciiclli, eum sii|)cr quandain arbon" stispciiderunt, in ([ua de noiia vsq; a;i nin'tem \iiui-; .Sc illasiis pcpcndit : nocie vem ipsiini do arborc Miinpscrunt, & \idenios ilium latii, \iiiiiin, iS: ilhcMim prr nieilium siiiim corpus diuiscrunt, maiie ante laclo nihil dc corpurc cius imitnluin est, viii imucn ])i'rsoiiif fide dij;ii;e reuelatum est, quod Dens corpus cius occullauerat reuelandu in certo lemiiore, (|uand(') Deo placuerit Saiutorum corpora manilcstare. N't autcm Deus cstcndcrcf animas suoruni martynmi iaiu in ccvlis consislere, iS: con^aiidcre runi Deo & An^elis & alijs Sanctis eius, die sequent! post martyriu fratruin pra'dietoru Mclich dorniitioni •■edcdii, X ecceappa- ruerunt sibi isli I'ratres j;lorit>-iic \ibninles, quod \i si cum perfoder .ic ilii!idiuit, (piid sibi essct ? (piibus ilk", Illi Kaban Franchi quo interlici ius>i, vcncnnit line ad r.ic cum i nsibi;s, \olentes me inierlirerc. l.l .-tatim Mdicli misit |)ro Kadi, rclcrcns >ii,i \i-i(,nr, & peleM> consilium, & consolalionem, il)i consuliiit, \t illis nia\imas ciccmosviias f.ucrct, ^i de nianibus inlerfccloru cuadere vcllet. Tunc misir pro Christianis <|uos in carcere intrudi pra'cei)erat : A tpiibus cum ad cinn \cni>si- t iniiuli;entiam pctiji pro lacio suo, diccns sc e-.se aniodo soriimi corn, \ (onlVatrcni: I'ta- cejiit autcm & Icfiem statuit, quod pro tempore suo, si (|iii-i aliquc ('hri^ii.iiiu ollcmlcrii. staliin moreretur, K >ic omnes illiesos, & inilemius aliire piiir--it. I'ro ilii-^ auto ipiatuir fratribus inlerfectis quaincT mosqueias, ( i. ) la < lcsia> .edilii ari It. it, qi.a.* per Sacerdoics Saracenorum iiihabitari I'ei it. .'\utos trc> fratrc- talein scii- tentiam subijsse, misit pro Nfclicii, vt \inctus ad eum (Uuerctin', A (|uo < iim addui Ins e>set. ')uai>iuit im|)erator, jpiare ita crudelitcr illos Iratrc-. iusscrat inlerfici, rcspoiulit, train, iV malum \ bl\-plicmiam de |)roplieta iiostro diccbaiil : \ iinperator ad cum; () crudelis>ime cinis, cum \idcres t|uod Dens (imMip libcraueril, quo modo ausus fuisti illis mortem inl'crrc t.ou criuiclciu. V.l edicia scntentia, ip- , illius dominio cl.'im fugii. i^ sit cuasit. De miranilis (piatuor fralrum occisorum. FSt autem con,s,ietuilo in terra ilia, ()ll(^d corpora mortua non iradiintiir scpultui.e, sed in i omnia nieeum accepi, \- in |)ul(liris towaliiji i ollijjaui, iV in Indiani siipcriorem ad vnii locii fralrum nostnrii ca dejxirtaui, liabens meciim xicimn, & vnu famulCi. Cum aule e.ssemu> in via, hospilabamus in domo cuiiiMlfi liospitarij, \ ip^a osj-a (aj)iti meo .ui, I'i: dormiiii; F.t dum di rmircm domus ilia ."l Saracenis subittN accendebatur, \t mecum d.'ino eomluirercii!. Domo ante sic arcciisa, sociiis metis \- famulus de dntno exierunt, & me solum cum os>ibus dimiserunt, cpii \idens ij-nem su])ra me, ossa accc])i iV cum illis in annulos doinus reculle^i, Tres autcm anyuli domus slatiin eobiisti fuerunt, antrul ncntc: Supra me ante ignis se lenuil in modu aeris lueidi, nee descendil cpiamdiu ib sislebam ; quam (itoaute lum ossibus exii.i, staliin lota pars ilia sicut ali;e priores i;,iio ( o in quo sieti cu o>sibus >alu- kTiilcnle & lU'- siipcr quaiul;iin i\il : iiortc M'lo r nicH\iuin s^miin l.iincn i)iT-^i)iiii' II cert" tempore, .tiiulerif iinimns is & alijs Saiiiti- lit, iV eice appa- cs in maiiibiis, cS: uii CM italii> l«ir- iiii>iuit, iiiiiil "il'i !(• mm I ii^ilii;^, viMijiir, & jielen- .aili >ilii coiiMiluit, •re- villet Tuiu I ad I'liin villi -V' i roiilVatrdn: Tia- i~li.iiui olii'iulerct, ) illi ; aiilc »iuatui.r as ncr Sacerilolcs I'ratrc- laU'in scn- iiin aiUlmliis i>scl, ^loiulit, cdirla scntenlia, ip- m nu.rtcm fratri in- (lomiiii" tiaiii (jiii iiiTimi. 1-H" ao""' a corn clTiKli, & o-a joriorem ad viiii Ici ii Cuin ante essemu- iiippc-iii, t'^ diirmiui; II d>'n\o ciimliiirenr,!. 10 solum cum os«i!)ib uUis doiiuis rcriHi';;i. 'i ()«sibus -ahio riin,;- lulit qiiamdili ilii Iht- aliie |)rioics i;,ne n-ii- [iiiraiiilu conti^;;it, nii' titiir abudaiiler, (lui.i S UlOS SUOS \n-0 M'! !• pri'spt-T'.' Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. prospcro, que famcn no obtinuerunt : Tunc Saraccni suas inuorationes, & adorationcs labo- riosc leccrrit, scd nihil prolcccrut ; Et pracceplu est mihi & socio nico \ t orationcs fundcre- mus Dco nostro: Et dixit rector nauis in Armenico mihi, quod alij no intellijrercnt : qudd nisi posscmus ventu prospem a Dco nostro impctrare. nos cum ossibus in mnre proijccret : Tune e?o I'i: socius feiimus orationcs, voiicnfcs muita< mi.-sas de bcata vir^'ine celebrare, sic quod \ cntii placorct sibi nobis impctrare. Cum atitg tcpus transiret, &: ventus non veniret, atcejii viiii de ossibus, & dedi Cannilo, vt ad caput nauis irct, & cl;\in in mare proijccret ; quo proiecto slatim alUiit ventus prosper i rcponcrc istas reliquias volebamus. In naui autem ilia erant plus 700. mercatorcs & alij : Nunc illi Idolati.x islam consuetudinem habebant, quod semper antequam ad pnrfum api)licuprint, toiam naucm pcrquirerent, si isti alicpia ossa mortuorum animalium inueiiircnt, qui rcpcrta statiiii in mare proijccrcnt, A: per hoc boiium portum atfinjiere, Sc mortis pcriculu euaderc eredeieiit. Cum autcni frequenter perquircrcnt, iK: ilia ossa fre- cpientcr laiifjercnt, semper oruli deUisi fuerunt, sic quod ilia nop perpendenint ; & sic ad locum iValrum deportauimiis cum omni rcuerentia, \bi in pare requiescunt ; vbi etia inter idoiatras Deus contin^l^. miracula operator. Cum eiiim aliquo morbo };rauantur, in terra ilia vbi iVatrcs passi sunt i|»si vadunt; & de terra vbi corpora sanp;uinolenta iacuerunt stimunt quam abluuiit, i*t ablutioncm bibunt, & sic ab infirinitatibus suis iibcrantiir. (iuo modo habetur Pij)er, & vbi uascitur. VT autcm videatiir quo modo habetur piper, sciendum qudd in quodam impcrio ad quod applicui, nomine * .Minibar, nascitur, iS: in nulla parte mundi lantum, quantum ibi ; Ncmus enim in cpio uascitur, continet octodecim dicla<, iSj in ipso iiemorc sunt dux ciuitates vna nomine riandriiii, alia nomine Cyiuiliin : In Elandrina hai)ilant ludmi aliqui & aliqui Chris- tiani, inter quos est Ijcllum frequenter, se: ciistoditur. In isto ante nemore sunt (lumina multa in quibus sunt Croiodili mulli, & multi alij serpcntes sunt in illo nemore, quos homines cr stupam & palras i ;>mburunt, & sic ad colli^>cndum jiiper secure accediint. A capite li- tis nenioris versus meridiem est ciuiias I'olunibruin in qua maxima mcrcimonia cuiuscuuquc generis rej)eriuntiir. Omnes autem de terra ilia boiicm viuum sicut Deum suiim adorant, qucin (). annis faciiint laborare, 8c in septinii) jiu iuut ipsum quiescere ab omni o[)erc ; po- nentcs ipsinn in loco solemni, it commiiiii, 8c dicentes ipsum esse animal sanctum. Hunc autcm rituin obseruaiit : (juolibet mane accipiunt duas pcliies dcauro, vcl de arp;ento, iS: vnani submittunt vrina? h(n\U, & aliam stcrcori, de \rina lau;intsibi facicm & lu'ulos, & omnes 5. scnsus : de stcrcore vero ponunt in vtroqiie oculo, posieii liniunt summilatcs ocnarum, &. terlio pectus, & ex tunc dicmit se sanctilicatos pro toto die illo : & sicut facit popidus, ita etiani facil rex & reffina. Isti ctiain aliud idoluin murtuum adorant, quod in mcdicfatc vna superior est homo, iSc in alia est bos, & illud idolumdat eis responsa, iV aliipiotii'-ns pro sti- pendio petit san<;uine, 40, virjiiiuun : & ideo liomines illius regionis ita \ouent (ilias suas Sc filios, sicut Christinni aliqui alicui rclij;;i(ini, \el saiuto in coclis. Kt jier istum modiiin iin- molant lilios fee lilias, 8t multi ht>miiies per istum riliim inoriuntur ante idolum illud, i.V' multa alia abomiiiabilia facit |)opulus imc bestialis, iV- imilia iniiabilia vidi inter cos qua- nolui hic inscrere. Aliam eonsuctudincm vilissimani liabet ;;eiis ilia: Nam quado homo moritur.com- burunt ipsum mortutini, ^ si vxore habet, ipsam comburunt viiiam, quia dicunt quod ipsa ibit in aratiira, & cullura cum viro suo in alio nuiiulo : Si autcm v\or ilia habcat liberos ex viro suo, potest maiiere tuoriim. i}': '(.li. , I f't 1 *!■ 'i (J .■- ) %■[ ^ 'H I l,i M9 Mobar rfgnum «cl Mjtiapor. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Odoricm. Crudfliisima Sa- lan.T tyranilis, & vdriiilicliia. Platnnlca flimnltrx vfl bmutta. vinim, sed potest alia vxorem diicere. Aliam ronsiietudinem habct j^ens ilia, quod rcrminiB ibi bibiint vinum, & homineit non : Fccminfc etia faciunt sibi radi cilia, 8c !iupcrcilia, & bar- bam, & homines non : & sic de multis alijs vilibus contra naturam sexus eorum. Ab isto regno iiii decern dietas ad aliiid rcji;num dictum Mobar, quod h;ibct in se multas ciuitates & in illo rcquiescit in vna ecclcsia corpu'4 beati Thnmtc Apostoli, & est ecdesia ilia plena idolis, & in circuity ecclesiacsiniul Canonici viuuntin 15. domibus Nestoriani, id est, mail Chris- fiaiii, & 'ichismatici. De quodam idolo mirabili, & dc quibusilam ritibus eorum. IN hoc regno est vnuin Idolnm mirabile, quod onines Indi rcuerentur: & est statura ho- minis ita magni, sicut no>; n h:d)eiit, quando ^arentes rum his- t collo eius 5 rul- \niim ex cultclli^, nrisum proijcit in mori pro deo nieo .•leditiir, \U\ illiii" m sunt inarsarit.T diem per .'0 dicl:i< viri qiinm fcrmina' fbant me. direnifN iiir.t roninuint'"'. it:i rit (ilium \el liliam d)elur in comniuiii. spriialc-i: Carnc'i ■> bouinn' : iSc licet s, carnibus, lilnili'f, « auteni cum acct- Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. H9 illns t;cntl Mliu> •oniedunt. In hac im \iri quam mu- mper bi'llant ciipi (pur vocatur I;iii;i me a tic mundo rcput.i- & brcuitcr onims •.[K'til^ species ibi sunt, & maxima abiindantia omniu victualium praeterquam vini. terrac habet palatium nobilissimu inter omnia quae vidi aitissimci staf, & gradi Rex illius his & sralai habet altissimos, quorum semper vnus gradus est aureus, alius argenteus; Pauimentum >er6 vnum latcrem habet de uuro, alifi de argeto. Parietes ver6 nmnes interius sunt laminati laminis aurcis, in qnibus sculpti sunt Equites de auro habentes circa caput circuliim aureum plenum la|)idibus pretiosis: Tectum est de auro puro. Cum isto rege ille magnus Canis dc Katay frequenter fuit in belle: Quem tamen semper ille Hex vicit & siiperauit. Dc arboribus dantibus farinam, 8c mel, & venenum. IVxfa istam Insniam est alia contrata vocata Pantcn, vcl alio nomine Tathalamn^im, & Rex vei Maiaimi. illius contrat.'c niullas insulas habet sub se. In ilia terra sunt arbores dantes farinam, & mel, & vinum, & ciiam venenum periculosius qund sit in mundo, quia contra illud non est re- medium, nisi vnum solum, & est illud. Si aliquis illud venenum sumpsisset, si velit libc- rari, sumat stercus hominis & cum aqua temperct, & in bona quantitatc bibat, & statim fu- gat vencnu facicns exire per inferiores partes. Farinam autem faciunt arbores hoc modo, sunt magnac & basstc, fc quando inciduntur cum securi prop6 tcrram, exit de slipite liquor quidam sicut gummie, quem accipiunt homines iv sunt magnic vt arbores. Alia? ctia Caiina; sunt ibi quas vocantur C assaii quae i)cr terra dirigiintur vt gramen, & in quolilict nodo caru ramuli produnintiir qui ctiain prolongantur super teriam per vnum miliare fei(>: in hijs Cannis reperiuntur lapidcs, quo- rum si (piis vnuiu super sc porlauerit, non potcrit incidi aliqiio ferro, & ideo communitcr homines illius ctmtrafii! portaiit illos lapidcs super: Miilti etiam faciunt piieros suos duin sunt ])ariii iiicidi in vno brachio, A: in \iilnere ponunt vnum dc illis lapidibus, 5c faciunt vulmis roduderc sc ])er vnum piiluercm dc (piodatn pisce, cuius noincn ignoro. qui pul- uis statim \iilniis consdljd.nt & sanat: & virtiitc illorum Inpidiim commiinitiJr isti homines friiimpliant in bellis, iV- in m.iri, nee pnssciit i-ti homines l.edi |)cr aliqua anna terra: Vnum tamen rcincdium est, quod aducrsarij illius gcntis sciciitcs \irtiitcm lapidum, prouident sibi propugnaciila I'errea contra spicul.i illorum, ^,- anna venenata dc vcneno arborum, &' in manii portant palos ligneos :i( titissimos & ita diiros in extrcmitate sicut cssct fernim: Simi- liter sngiltant dim sagitlis sine ferro, & sic confuiuliit nliquos & perforant inermes ex lapi- dum scciiritatc. De istis eiiam Canis C.issan faciunt sibi vc!a pro siiis nauibus & domunculas v.UMarunj,- pariias, & multa sibi ncccssaria. hide rrccssi per mtillas diclas ad aliud regnum vocatum "''""'^"'"• C:iinpa, pulchcrriiniiin, & npuleiiti-simiim in omnibus victualiliiis Cuius rex qii.'ido fui Camp.i. ibi tot liabuit vxnrcs. & alias nmlit res, (piod de il!i> .'l(M). fiiios & (ilias habiiit. Isle rex ha- bet dej ics millcsie- & i|iiatii(ir e!ci)luitum ih mcsticorii, qiios ita facit ciistodiri sicut inter nos custodiiint boue«, vel grc ;es in pascuis. De iiitiltitiitline Piscium, cpii se proijdimt in aridam. IN hac contrata vnii miial'ilc valdJ' icjieritur. (|uod viiatpi.Tq; generatio piscium in niari ad ista ('oiitratam venit in tanta quantitatc, quod per magnu sp;itiuni maris nil \idetur nisi dorsa piscmm, & super nriilam sr ])roijfiuiit quando propt"- ripum snni, & permittCit homines per tres dies \enire. & Jo iliis s;iincrc (luatitiiin iiiaciicriiit, & tiint leileiit ad mare: Post ilia speciem per ilium luofuin vcnii alia species, & „|!;.rt se, & sic de omnibus speciebus, semel tamen tanium luc iariunt in anno. Kt pin(piare, & didtur qucKl nun est la|)is in muiulo pretionior illo. Magnus aulcm inij)enitor Tartarorum de Katai, nimquam vi, nee pecunia, iiec ingenio ilium ubtinere putuit, cum tamcn circa hoc- laboraucrit. De Insula Ceilan, & dc monfc vbi Adam plaiixit Abel liliinn siuiin. TUansiui j)er aliain insulam vocalam C'cilaii, Icoiuini, vrsarum, it om- nium animalium rapacium, & siluesirium, \- |)iiti~siM'(- elep' :intu. In ilia contrata c>t mons maximus, in retrahitsc, rodiuntiir Iiubi;c.& adainantc-, k niarxaritr, it aba' gemmae prelios,T: mM opinio est quid rex ille ma','is ;ilniiidat lajjidibus preiinsis, (juani alicjuis in mnndo. In con- trata ilia sunt quasi oiunia gciu'ra aiiiinaliuni & ;uiuin ; & dixcrunt iiiihi 'j;cnfes illx, qiu'nl animalia ilia nullii forenscm inuailiini, ncc olR-ndunt, sed tantii homines illius regionis. Vidi in ilia insula aues ita niagr.as siciit sunt hie aiisercs, habentcs duo capita, & alia mir.i- bilia i\\ix non scribo. \'ltra \cr-us nicridiein transiui, iV appliciii, ad iii-ulatn quandaai Bjdin tnwia. flii.T? \()tatur Bodiii, quod idem c-t (piod imniundum in lingua nosir.>. In ea moratur pcsM- mi homines, «]ui tonu'duiil cirnC'i ciiidas, \ dinncin iiinninidiiiit latiuiil (pi.x* quasi cxco- gitari uu poteril; nam pnicr innirdii lilium, lV liliiis p.itrc', tV mariius \ xorem, ^^ e ron. Iraric, ik: hoc per himc mi »i i)att JiO-SllUt (olli- :i('ci|>iiint lynioncs lilt, & >atipiii>iii;.!' larc, & ill transitu iiiitX i)retio»oiideas, do- \: si diiaf, vimt, I:- , niorietiir, Saierdu K i|)>iim niiTtiuiii icdciidiim euin iiim ante «"j;o cos dc l.ili ? vcrnic-i lariK's ciin I'lU-re (lis at) i>l<> ir- iderci.t. l'..uo aiitcm Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 151 iiiit jKm- ono- coram Deo nihil htc rcfcro, nisi iilud dc quo certus sum sicut homo eertificari poterit. De i-ita insula inquisiui a inidlis CNpcrtis, qui omnes vno ore respondcrunt mihi, dicenlcs, quod ista India 4I(K). insulas continct sub se, siuc in se, in qua ctiam sunt fA. rcj!;es coro- naii, & otiam dicunt quod maior pars illius insulie bcnf' inliabitatur. Et h!c istius India: fa- cio linen). Dc India superior!, &de ProuinciaManci. INpriniis rcfcro, quod cum transircm per mare Oicanum pcrmulfas dicfas versus Oricntcm, pcrueni ad illam magna piouinciam Manci, qua' India vocatur a Latinis. De ista India supc- riori inquisiui a Chiisiianis, Saraccnis, idolalris, & omnibus, qui ofTicialcs sunt domini Canis inay;ni, qui onines vno ore resiiondcrunt, (juod li.xc prouincia Manci habct pliisquam "ilCMO. mafjiiarii tiiiitatuni, iV' in ipsa est maxima ro|)ia()mniii victualium, puta, panis, \ini, risi, i-.rniu, pisriu, iS:c. Omnes homines istius prouiiuix sunt artifices iS: mercatorcs, qui pro quacunq; penuria, dumniodo proprijs manibu;^ iuuarc se possent per laborcs, nunquSiabaliquu elcemosynfi pclerenl. \'iri istius prouincia; sunt satis lorniosi, sed pallidi, & rasas & pai'uas barbas ha- bcntes ; fopiiiiih'c vcro sunt (lulclierriinac inter omnes dc nuindo. Prima ciuitasad quam veni Ue ista India vocatur Ceuskalon, & distat I'i mari per vna dictam, positaq; est super llumcn, VciCeu cuius a(|iia propi^ marc cui conti^iuiliir, ascendit siipcr terrain per I'i. dictas. Totiis populus illius Indi.x' idolatrat. Ista aiilcm ciuilas faiitum naui^iu habel, ((iiod inrredibilc I'orct nisi vidcnti. In hac ciuitate \idi quod.'i(X). libra; de bono i^; vcccnti zin/ibcro habentur pro mi- nori quam |)ro vno j!;r(isso : liii sunt anscrcs jjrossiores & jjulthrinrcs, i*v; mains forii de illis, quain sit in mundo, vl rredo, tV- sunt albissimi siriit lac, iV habent \ num os super caput ;allinis, ipia: niafjnn; sunt vald6 in ilia terra i)lus(|uam diia' de nostris. Ibi sunt scrpcntes inaximi, & capiuntur & i\ <;ente ilia comediinlur: viide i oinni ilie pactini Decs sii()>. viide seinci iui ail videndu ciuiicsiionein illam, & vidi quod ilia qua' diiiiiiiimt sii)i c( mcstiiiilia sunt. & calidissima, & muliu luiniijaiia, iia quod ruiniis asri'iulit ad idoj.i, .'v dixeriit Dcos illo I'uino recrcari. Totunj auic cibum ilii reportaueriit I'i coinedevut, &: sic dc Imno lantu Dcos sues pauerunt. Dc {'iiiilalc Fuko. Vl.ira versus Orientcm veni .ad cluil iicm qu.c \cicatur Vukn, ruius circuitus cfitinet 30. vd Fo<)„icu mini iria, in ipia sunt Calli maximi & pulciiciriiiii, \- ^'aliiiia' omnes ita aliiic sicut nix, lanam (Kilum |)ro pcnnis liabentcs sjciii peciidcs. Il.n i iiiilas pulchcrrima est, \: sita supra marc. Villa iui jicr IH. dictas. fi pcrtraMsij multas terras iV i iiiit.ites, & in transitu veni ad ipicndam monicin inagmmi, i\ vidi t|ui>J in vno latere nKniiis iMuiia animalia erant iiij;ra vt carho, <.V homines >ic mulicrcs diucr«um mcduin viuciuli li.'!)ciii ; :ib alio autcm latere omnia animalia craiit alba sicut nix, & lioaiincs loialiici iliiier i' alKilijs vixeruut. Ibi omnes fn'min;c i\i\x sunt dcs|)onsata; |)ortaiit in si,;i,um quod hdient marilcs \iium majiiium barilc de cornu in capiic. Indc transmi jkt IS. dictas .dias, ^ veni ad qiiodda ma};nuiii (lumen, iV- intraui ci-M,,gnum uilalcm vni, qiuc tiaii«ucrsu u illius (luminn liabet pontem iv.axiinfi, i*v: hospitabarin domo ""'""'■ . vnius hospitarij, qui volcns milii coinpla.-crc, dixit mihi: si veils \iderc piscari, veni mecum; iS: duxil nic super ponfcin. uis mcrnos liijatos su[)cr iiertiias, ad quorum uula vbi ille ligauit viuliliiii!, lie ilii cnpicntcs pi^cl.s, comedcrcnt cos: Postca in brachio vnoposuii .'{. cisias m,i!;iias >S>; tunc dissoluit merinos dc pcrtiiis, qui statim in aqua intraiic- runt. I ■f I ( II i 1 1 IV a ■> I 15t AlitiCinuli VOYACJKS, NAUIGATIONS. Odurkui. PjrlksioriiM Chilciito. Th.1.7. Kikam. V\ , runt, 8c pieces cepenint, & cistas illas rcplciiprimt in pariia bora, quibiis rcpIctJH vir ilte di<». Aoliiit (ib A tollirt eoiu, & ipsi reintraiitis fluincM hc tic pimibuH rcrrciuicrDt, & recrcati ad pcrtiraiircdierunt, & sc liK'ari situt priiis pcrmisiTiir.l; Kj-" •'''.'''' ''^ '"'". P'''^"''""' comodt, & opiimi milii vidcbatiir. Indc transii-iw pi-r niultn-. di( ta'* veiii ad viift ciiiitntpm (|uro vocatur • Kanasia, quic sonar in lingua nostra liiiitas cccndimus vn,\ barcliam, h iuiinus ad vnu ninnasicriuin maximu, dc ijuo vi!t replctos rcliquijs t|Mif supercrant dc uiciis.i, 4c duxit nic ad vna jicn lu-ain paniain, quam .ipcruit cum clauc, & aparuii \irjdarium gratiostnn & magna in quod iritr.uiiniU'', & in iliovi- ridario stai vnu* monlicidus si( iit mui campanile, rcplelus anicrnis luibis \ arboribiis, \' dum sfarcmus ibi, ipse siiin|)'it cvmbalu, I'v iiucrpil pcrcufcre ipxim sicut pertuiirur quand6 monaclii intrant rcfecioriii, ad < uiut sonita nuilta animalia diucr-a dcsccndcrunt dc monte illo, aliqu.i \t simi.r, aliqua viC'aii, Mayn laics, iV alupia facicin lumiinis h.thcniia, A: dutn sic starem congrcgaucruni sc ( irca ip-um, 40(X). dc iilis aniinalibu't, im|)liiiii ^ rusiiccru, corpora viliuin ani- malia intrant. Incorpi ist,'! abiisioi.c iiiiprobarc, scd inlul valuitsibi, no cnim |iottTat crtdcrc, quod alicpia anima |)ossct sine cnrpurc Uiancrc. Indi^ transniiad quandam ciuilatem noniint C'hilcnso, ( uius muri per 40. milliaria circucrunt. In i->ta ciuilale sunt 3(>0. i>ontc.'i lapidii pulcliriorcs quim vnquam vidcriin, i!C bent' inliabitatur, \- nauigiu maximum habit, iV: eopii omniuni victualiu, iV ali<.rum bonoru. Inilc iui ad (pirdda (lumen dictu Thalay, quod vbi oi strii tills habet in latitudinc 7. milliaria, iV iilud flunicn per medium terra; Pygni.Torum transit, quoruM) (iiuta'i vocatur Kakam, (pia- ite puUhrioribiis ciuilalibus intidiest. Isii Pignia-'i h.ibciii longitudiiic Iriinn spansaruni mcarri, l^«: raeiunt maiora iVc mcliora gotoa, & bombicini quaia alicpii liomines in mundo. Indi; per illud tlunu-n Iransiens, veni ad vnam ciuiiat£ I.in/ii, in qua est vnus locus fr.itrum nostroru, iV sunt in ea trcs ccclfibiu! Neslorianorti : hxc ciuilas nobilis est, & magna, tiabons in ite48. Thuman ignium, & in ca omnia victu.alia, & animalia m latij d( pail loiJ ill.l iikJ Odoricua, Ictin vir nie din- Si recrcati ud ibiH comodi, 8c c-in <|uiip vacatur taicm vidi, Cir- labiiarctui-; Imo .iibiirljiu maximu jriiuipalcH, & in it icstinui, <|Uikin lilt, & ncc fluunt, In en sunt phi« illbrt pontc stant re V.jtM. Vniim lilKt ignis s<)luit 10. vol U. Hupel- cii{! 85. "human, jiriiium facit, rc- ij transcunlcs |ifr iimil hahilari' : In ineiipii^ cum alij* iitc. ri' habit, ^ lopu Thalay, quod \bi e>i Pygm.TorumiraiiMi, . isii I'i^inaei habeiit & bonibicini quuin lUl ciuilate lan/u, in rianorii : h.xc ciuiia'. riclualia, & anitnalu in Odorlruf. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOURniKS. 1 53 in maijna ropia, do quo Christian! viuunt : Dominun intius riuifafis solum dc sale habet in reddillbuH 50. Thuman Balisi, & valet balisus vnuni florcnu cum dimidio : Iia quod vnum Tluiman facit l.j. miliia (lorcnorum, vnfi tamen ffrnlinm larit dominus populo, quia dimittit ei, ne sit carisiia in eo, 200. Thuman. Habet hnee ciuifas consuetudineni, quiid quando vnuH viilt I'accre coniiiuium amicis suis, ad hoc sunt hospitia dcputata, & vbi illc circuit per hos- pitc<, di(cns sil)i tales amiciw mens habebis, quos Testabw nomine meo, h tatum in festti \olo expendcrc, & per ilium modum meliiis conuiuant amici in pluribuw hospitijs quam fa- ccrent in vno. Per 10. milliaria ab ista ciuitatc in capitc (luminis Thalay est vna ciuitas vo- cata .Montu, (pia; mains nauigium habet, «pii\m viderim in toto mundn; Et omnes naues ibiMomu. sunt alb.-e siciii nix, & in ipsis aunt hospitia, & multa alia quic nulluii homo crederct nisi vi- dcrcntur. Dc ciuitate Cambaleth. IN(I6 transiui per S. dictas per nndtas terras & ciuitatcs, & vcni tandem per aquamdulcem ad qu.ldani cinitatem nomine Lcncyn, qua^ est posita super (lumen vocatum Caramoran, (luod Cwmo"*- per mcdiiun Catai transit, & magnum damnum sibi infert, quando erumpit. Ind6 transicnsi per (lumen versus Orientein per mullas diet.is & ciuilates, vcni ad vnam ciuifatem nomine Siunacolo, quie mainrcm copiam habet dc serico, quiini aliqua ciuitas in mundo ; Quandn cnim est maioi rarisiia Scriei, ibi 40. libne hnbenlur pro minori tpiiim pro 8. grossis. In ea est copii omnium mercimoniori^i, iSc omnium victunlinm, panis, viiii, carnium, piscinm, & om- nium specierum elcctarum, Indc Iransiui vei-sus Orienfem per multas ciuitatcs, & vcni ad tllam nobilcm, & nominatam ("ambalcih quic est ciuitas mullnm antiqua, & est in prouincia '^""'"'"• Catai, iV' ram cepenint Tartari : V.t iuxta earn ad diniidium niiliarc aliam cinitatem feccrunt, qu:c vocniur Caido iV Ii.tc I'i. portas hal)rt, & semper inter vnam & aliam sunt duo miliaria, tV medium inter illas citiitates bene inhabitatur, ita quod fariunt quasi vnam cinitatem; Kt ambitus isiarumduarum t iuii.i'iim est plustpiam -10. nniliaria. In hac ciuitatc magnus impe- ^'"J«>"l"^ ratorCanis habet sedem suam piincipalem, & suum magnum palalium, cuius niuri ben6 4. milliaria coiiiinent ; & infra illud p:ilatium sunt multa a!ii ])alalia dominorum de tamilia sua. In palatioeliam illoest vnus mons |)ulcherrimus cositnsarboribus, prfipter cpind mons viridi.s noininatur, &: in inontc palatium amocnissiinum in <|no cummnnitcr Canis residct : A latere autem montis est viuis lacus magiius, supra (|ucm puns puU lierrinnis est (actus, \- in illo lacu CM magna ccpia an>erum «.*(: ani:lum, iV timiiiinn auiinn a(|uaticarum ; & in silua montis copia onniium auiiim & ferarum silucsirium, iV idea quando dominus Canis vult vcnari non oportct eum exire palalium suiun. I'alalium vcro principale, in quo sedcs sua est, est magnum vald6, ik habet interim 14. column.is, aurcas, & (Mines muricius cooperti sunt pellibus rubeis quia dicunlur nobiliorcs pcllesde nuindn: Kt in medio palalij est vnapiLMia altiliidinis duorum passuum, qiiii' Ida est de vno lapiile prctinsn ni^mine mcrdochas; & est lota eircuinligata au- ro, & in (pinlibet aiigulo einse>i vnus serpens de auro qui verberalns (orlis.simt'' : Haljci cliam h.TC jiignareli.i de inargaritis, \ per islam pigiiam dererlur potus per meatus & condiicius qui in curia regis hal>eliir; & iuxta cam j)en(leni multa \,isa aurea cum tpiibiis volentes bibere possunt. In hoc aiilem palaliosunt mulli pai:oiics (le:iuro; iv cum aliquis r.irl.inis facit fes- tiim doiiiitiM suo, tunc ipiando ((iruiiiianles » .ijiidimt iinnus su s pne gaudio iV I.elicia, pauo- nes emiltinit alas siias, & e\|)andunl caiidas, & videniur ivipudiare; Et hoc iredo faclii .irte Nfagica, vci aliqua caulela subtcrranea. De gloria magni Canis. QVando autem magnus illc Imperator Canis in scde sua imperiali residcf, tunc a sinistro latere scdet Uegina, & per vnum gradum infcrius duomulicres quas ip.se tenet prose; quan- do nen poUNt ad lieginam accedere: In inlinui aiilt ni gradu resident omnes dominsp de sua l)arenle!a. Oiniies aiiliin miilieres niipln- porlani Mijira caput suum \num pedcm hominis, hingiiudiiiis viiius briidiij cum dimidio; & >ul)ler illun) pedeni sunt pcnna- grui.s, & toiws ille pc-^ (.rnaliir ma\inii>; margariiis. A latcie \ei<) deMro ipsius Canis residct filius eius pri- T '( m iii('!;einlii- vol.. n. post ipsimi, & inleniis X ipso omnes cpii sunt dc banijuiiic rcgio: Ibi ctiaat 154 V{)YA(ir.S, NAUKi.VnONS, Odorliui. ' 1 li cfiam "unt 4. wTiplorcn MnihontCH ••miiia verba qmc dicit Te\ ; Ante ciiiiH ron.nccfiim nunl UaniiuMsiii, & nuilli alij noltilex cum niia Kciitc ma\ima, quorum nullum ;iii(lcl I(.c|iti iiiMi a ilomino liccntia pclatur c-Mrptis hum & histrionilum, qui huuiii domiuum lonxolari InbrnI ; lllirfiam nihil amlrnt lairrf, nii^i Hccumluiii qu(nl Dominiw voluerit ci^ li-fjrm imponrre Ante portam palatij sum IJaroncH ruslmliente!*, ni- aliquis linu-ii porlw lanRal. i'iun uufem ille Canis volucrit facerc ninuiuium, habet necum I4U()0. Haroni'* porlaMltx rin uiiw, fcco. ronulas in capilc, & domino nuo Hcruicnies; Et (piilibel porlat \iiam vexleni ile auro & mar- Xarilis rot quol valeni plutt quain deiic'* milliet llorenoruui. {'uria rius opiimc ordinalur per denarioH, rentenarioi", & millenarion. & tuliter 4 liii ihi per Ires annoii, & inultotieiM in i'-lii I'esii't nuis lui, qui;\ nos t'rnlrcs iniiiores in xia iiiriii h:ibeniu>4 lo- cum noliis deputatuni. & oportel nos semper ire, 8c dare sibi nella tola de li;;nis Aloe, & aiiroornata, h niarnariiis ma\- imis, \ Inpiilibus preli<»'is; & 4. Elephanles ben^ onlinati duiunt isium cimtuim, cpios priv- cedunt 4. e<|Ui alii-siiui opiiMie cooperti. luxla rurrum .\ laleribns xunt 4. Harones Icnentr-i currum, ne aliquis approjiinipiet domino suo. Supra ciirrum scdcnt duo (icrfalcoiics albi>. simi, \ dinn videt ain» (jiios \ult capere, dimiltit Falcone* vulare, iV (apiunt cas; Kt sic habet solatium suum etpiitando, & per iactinn \nius lapidis nullus nudct appropincpiare ( iirriii nisi popnhis a*si;;nalus; viide incrcdibile e^scl lioinini (pii non vidisscKJe nuniero j;eniis sun-, iV re^itiie, \- priia";;enili sui. I>fiv Ooniinus Canis iinpeiium suum diui>.it in I'i. p.iries, \ \na hain't «ub «e 'J(M), maj;narum < iuilatum; \ndc ita latum \ Ionj;um est smun imperium, (|uoil ad quatiKuiui; partem iret, satis Iwberes faccre in sex meusibus, excepiis insulis, i\\.m- sunt bene b\M)0. De hospiiijs parntis j)er totum imperium pro transeinitd)us. ISte Dfiminiis, \{ innsi iintes habeant omnia noessaria sua per tottr.n suum imperium, IV- lil hos|iitia |)ni'|)jran \l)i(|ui' |ier \ias; in qnii)us >unt omni.i paraia (pue ad uitualia jicrii- ncnt : Cum aute^n aliqua nouitas oritur in in)|)erio suo, tunc si disiat, nmbassi,it(ircs super e(pii>s vel ilri'iiicdarii)- lestinant, \ cum lassanlur in cursu, |)i Nant iiirnu, \' proximuin hospitiinn |>arat Mium simililcr etpuim, qui quando alius \enit lessus aoipil liternm,& cur- rit ad li'^|)itiiiiii, A: sic per h(i>piiia, & per diuersos cur-iores rumor per . 'JO. dietas, \no die iiatiirah \rnit ad imjx ralon ni ; iV: idei) nihil jxinderis pdiisi licri ir) impcrio suo, quiu -t.ili'ii >ii 'iir ah ii>. Cum aiitcm ip~f Canis \ult ire vciialiiin ; istiim modmn habet. KMra CaniliaUlh ad 'iO. dietas, est \ na tore>ta ()Uie (i. dirias ( iinti:iet in ambitu ; in «pia sum tot genera .i;iinialii;in iV auiuni qiKnl niiral)ile est dicere : Ad illiiil iicmus vadil in fine iriuiu an- m rinii \i'l tjiiitucr cum tota fjcnte, luni < inirare pcniiiltit, (|i;i a.'iuialia, scilidt leoncs, ceruos, \: alia animalia redncuiit.Ml \nam plaiiiticm puh hcniiiMni in n.i'dio nenioris, (juia e\ < iamoribus canuin maxinii^ trenniiit omnes bestiic ?4vliiii'. 'I'liiu act ip.sum <'nines Harcni's, ^S. |)oit ips<»alji de l.iinilia sua eniiltuiit '-a^iilla-^ "Un'i ; iV iiiiine-- s.ii;i|i,c sunt ^i'.;nat,c ccrlis >i;;nis it diuer-is: 'Itinc xadit ad animalia interlccl;!, diniitieri- \iu.i iicniui rcii.lr.ii.' \l alia- liabeat e< eis M'liatiiiniin suam, ^i cpiilibet illud ani- mal liabcbi! in cuius (urpore inueuit sai>itiniii suam ({nam iaiicbal. «!' nic h(i Q( di( on da ii< (.1 •>\i M' Odorlciii. in^pci-tiim «unt let l(i(|iii um It Mxolari h:ii)rnl ; '(;rrn iinpnncrc. [. (fun antcm (ill llltM, & CO. (U- aiiri) & iiiar> )lime (inliiialtir lie pcra^it odi- t I'lii il)i per Ues uria hal)cnui>t Iih iicdiciidiH'm : Ki |)iiii(lrriint iniin lianiin, & aiiiiini II S .S; vniis Sara- ]ii:ini ad vrslillim 1 aliain, lial)Ct4. am, f{ Icriiii* xi- < ii ; iV ila oiniUN la pirata >\\\c t; F.t fie )ropiii(piaro curnii umcro giMiti^ Mur, ^it in I'i. pirtcf, \ '•t siiiim iiiipt'riiiiM, ccplis inxiilis, ({ua' iiiiin impcnum, li- • ad Ml tiialia prrii- inibassiatorcH ••upiT rim, \- |)rii\iimim Ipil liicraiii, & ciu- i(l. dii'tas, vno die inipcriii sue, «iiiiii dinn habi't. I'AIra II : ill ipia sum tut dit in (iiir irium an- rare pcrmitlif, (jtii iticiii piildurriniiim still' svhiir. 'rmic imdtitildinrni ,iiii- lilluiit -a;;ilta--iiai; iiiiimalia intiTlcti;!, c (liiilil)Ct illud aiii- Odoririii. TRAFFIQUES, AND DlSCOUl'IiriiS. IM He qiiatuor fcntii quan icnci in anno CaniH in curia. <^Vatunr ma'na Te^ita in anno faril Dominu* Canis scilii <'t ItNtum nuliiiilatiN, fcntuin lir- niinrii^ionis coronationi'', & drHponnatioMiH una! ; & nd iita I'tNia i omuicat oiniics JJaront-n, iV liistrioniN, & (ininos do pari-ntcla Hua. Tiiiir domino Cane in fiiin thriuii) si-dcnfo, acco- diiMl HaroiuN nun ( in iilin & ((iroiiiH in capitc, \csliti vario modo, quia aliipii do viridi, Hci- liict priiiii, spiimdi dc »aiij{iiinco, & toriij do rrorco, & eononi in maniluii vnam tabiilam • liurncain do dentil), is lilophantuni, & cingunlur (innuliH auroi* vno Homissi- latin, & Ktant jiodiliut Hiloiiiium tonoiiK'M. Cirra illiw -taiit histrioncst cum niii:, iiiHlrumoiiti* : In vno autoin aii'^ulo cuiiisd I iiiajjni palatij roHidcnt Philoxoplii omncs* ad ccrlas lioran, & piinriu atloiidoiitos , & ci'ini (loiioiiitiir ad ]iiinrtii 6c Iioram pctilam ;\ pliil(wo|)liii, vniis pru'ci. ( lamat valoiitt'T Iri- cliiu'iis voM omiu's iinporalori voiro : tiinr oinnoH IJaronos cadiint ad tiTr.ini; St ileriim cla- niar, Siir;;iio oiniiCH, ^: illi statiin siirKunt' licrum PiiiiixKiphi ad aliiiil piiiirtiiiM altoiidiiiit, & 111111 poriioMliiin I'lirrit, i torn in prion > claiiiat; poiiilo diKiluin in aiironi, & sijiim dirit, ovlraliiio i|)ouni ; itoruin ad aliiid piiticliiin I'lainat, liuratato I'arinain: & iiiulta alia faoiiiMl, «|iia! omnia diciint rortam uiil iiisiriimcnla sua, \ laciiint niaxiiiium soiiilum ; & Ktatiiii alius tiainat ; Taroant nnincN, 8c oninos lacont : Tunc arcodunt liislrionalricos anto do- iniiiiiiii diilciii'T ini>(liilanti'<<, quod milii plus piarnil. 'I'liiic vcnium Iconos, & rariiiiit ro- urroMliain doniiiio Ciiii ; lit rune histrionos f'aciuni oiplioi aureus plonos vino \olaro |)or DoriMi, \' ail ora homiiiiiin so a[>piicarr \t hibaiit. llii'i- iV- iiiiilia alia miraliilia in curia iN liiiH Caiiis villi, qiiir nitlliis (Todorrt nisi \idorol ; iK: idoo diiniito oa. Do alio mir.diili au- diiiiA lido diu'iiis, ipiod in vno ro<;ni> istiusCanis in cpio sum ninnlos Kapsci (& dicitur illud ro;;nuiii K.ilorj iiasciiiuiir pcpum iiialuri aporiunlur, & indVs iiw iioniliir \ iia liosiiiija hiinilis Mii agnollo : hicut audiiii qu(\d in niari Ilvhcrnicn !itant arbori-s supra ri|)aiii iiiaiis iV portant friicium sicut O'isciit cucurbiia-, (pi.-o oerto tempore cadunt in aifuain iS: (iuiit auO'< vocatx Ik'ruaixlos, iV' illud est voruni. I)c diucmii l'rt>uiiuiJ!i cV ciuitatibiis. DK isto imperil) Katay rocossi post trr< annos, & transiui .')0. diclas versus OcridentS ; & tandom soni ad torrain I'loloiroani, cuius i iiiilas principalis kosaii vocalur, (pi.T muha:^ ha- bol sub so ciiiilates. \'llra per mullah diotas iui, & poruoiii ad vnam prouinciam vocatam Kasaii ; vV liiic est secunda melior prouincia muiidi, vt tlicitur, & est optimi"- habitafa : Sic Cum. quod quaiido exidir .\ porta vnius ciuitaiis, \idomiir porta; allorius ciiiitatis, sicut ej;omot villi do iiuiiiis I.aliiudo I'rouincix' est .»(), diotarum, iSJ lonj-iiuilo |)Iii«qiiam (U). In ea est maxima copia omnium victualium, iS: ma\im6 ca-laiieormn ; & hac est vna de 12. prouini ijs mai-ni Canis. Vltra voni ad vnum rouniim vocatiim Tibok quod osl siibioi tum Caiii, in quo rib«rf,.nii,« «t maior copia paiii-; & vini, (|uaiii sit in toto mundo \t credo. Gons illius lerr.x- iiior.itiir Trbn r.uiiini. communitcr in lont.injs faclis ox Icltris ni>;ris : Principalis ciuifas sua imirata est pulclierrim^ "" ■*' '*"'"'"'• ex lapidibus albissimis, 8c nij,'errimis intorcscaiaritor dispositis ifvr curiosi> compositis, A: oin- nes viic ejus optimc paualio. In ista cmitrata nullus aiidot oflundcrc sant;uiiicm hominis, ner alicuius animalis, ob reuorcntiam vnius Idoli. In i^ia ciuitato jnoratur Ab.i^^i i. Pa|)a eorum, qui est caput 8c princops omnium IdoLitrarum ; iiuihus dat iV distribuit bonolicia scnmdum inorcm eorum ; nitut iiosior I'apa Konianiis est caput omnium Cliristiaiionim. rirmina- in hoc roKno poriant plus(|uam contuin tricas, & liabont duos doiito* in ore ila lon;;os sicut apri. Qiiando otiam pater alicuius moritur, tunc filius conuocat omncs sacordotcs vS( liistriones, iV dicit so vcllc patrem siiiim honor.ire, 8c fatit oiim ad ranipum duci scquoiitibus parentibus omnibus, amicis, »i \icinis, vbi sarcrdotes cum m.iirna ^oloninitate am|)utant caput suum, dames illud filio suo, & tunc totum corpus in Inista concidinif, 8c ibi dimitlunt, cum oia- tionibiis cum eorcdountes; Tunc\onium vultures, do inoiito assuolacti ad luiiiisinodi, \; larnes omiios .-isportani : Kt ox tunc eurrit lama do oo (|iiod saiietus ost, quia an<,'cH domini u.d.„. tu.ton, ipsum portant in paradisum ; Kt iste est maximus hoimi-, iiucin rcputat filius posse tieri pair! J' todcm lo,,,. \- .J ' ' ' lo >pud Ouil.il. •^ "• "iUO muiJcRulTi..p 1 ^I II t I li ,'' t ■^^, h f\>'\ h y'l I 1 ■ -I I ' IW VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Odoricits. suo mortuo : Tunc filius sumit caput pntris, & roqiiif ijisiim, & comcdit, ', qui Iiabuit *)0. domicellas virginen sibi rontinut! niinistrantes, in omnibus pasccntes cum sicut auis aui- culas, & habci semper 5. fcrcula tripliiala; & quando pascunt cum, continue cantant dul- cissimt : Istc habct in rcdditibus Tagaris risi 'M. Thutnan, (pioru quodlibet decies millics facit : vnfi autem Tagar pondus est asini. Palatiimi suiun duo miliaria tenet iii ambitu ; cuius pauimcnlum semper viuun latercin habct aureum, aliinn argcntcum : luxIa ambitum istius palatij est \r.us iiiouticuhis artiticialis de auro & argento, super (pio stant .Miinasicri:i. & campanilia, Sc alia (Iclcctabilia pro solaiio illius p()|Milaris ; r,t dictum Cult niii>i, qutkl qua- tuor tales homines sunt iu regno illo. N()l)ilitas viroruin est h)ngos habere \ugucs iu digitis Muiiftum iaronem, dicii illi qui pnccrai illi paradiso vt alicjuem de noli- illius regis, \e! Jlaronis introduceret iu paradisum illuu), & ilium deli( ijs I'nii pcrmiiicirl. & tunc daret sibi poiionem \nam, quie ipsum sopiebat in lan- tuMi, (juud iii-eii«ilillerii rcddca'I, & ip>um sii- dormientem lac ixtra paradi-um cons|)iciens, in tanta iristilia posilus foret, (jiiod lu- ciret um intrndn- cerelur; (pii sibi diiit, tu illi<' introduci non poleris, nisi talem vil talem interlicias; & ^\w iiiterleceris, sine non, rcp(.n;nn le in paradiso, iV ibidem poleris semper manere ; Tunc illc sic facerct, \ oiiincs -cni odiosos inlcrliccrct ; tt ide6 omnes reges orienlale.- ilium senim limucrunt. i\ sibi l.ibuiuni magnum dedenint. De morte Senis de montc. CVm «itcm Tari.iri niagnam partem minuli cepisseni, venerunt ad i>tum .Senem, & d. - mininni illiiw l'an\di>i ah co abNlulerunt, qui multos sicarios de I'aradiso illo cn\isit, & nnh- liores rariarnrinu mierlu i fecii. Tartari autem hoc videnles ciuilatem, in cpia crat seiicv obscderunl, eum ce|)ernnl. & pessinia morle interfecerunl. Hanc graliam habent fraiii> ibidini, (juud citi'.-.ime per virlulcm nominis ("hrisli lesu, iV invirlnle illius >ai)guinis pii- liiwi, qiicm cirndit in iruce pro >ahile generis humani, dicmonia ab ol)st'ssis corporibus t\- pelluiil ; V.t (piia niulli ihiilcm -unl obsessi, (hicuntiir |)ei' decern diclas ad fralres lif^ali, ijui lilx'ati >talim ircdunt in ("hri-lum, (|ui liberauit cos lial)cnlcs ip<.iim pro Deo suo, \; hajili- /aii ••unl, \ idola sua, iV pecorum suorinn sialim dant I'r.iiribus, quai >unl comniiinitcr turn modum fralres maxiiiiatii multiludinem liapiizant, <)ui ciio rccidiuam ad idola pecorum • qui fratres teiitiiuio (|ua>i stent III ei d( (; m lai re V, dl; M it Odoricm, sfa ciiis faciciw k'ninitatc & lii-- s ilia quijc nun arir!, qui liabuit n sicut auis aui- uie cantant cUil- ct nasicrla, luilii, qiukl qna- niiiic«i in (li^iti-:, nil) MiiiliiTiun ist pi'ilc-s ci.runi, £>: iiuLini contratani, vrM \niw votaiiN iK'in istos nmnto. rant pulc'.crrima- iiaiiitati'in, & : nn s()pifl)at in tan- I paradisuin i fdri'i, tpu'iil lu^- paraili>uni iiitrndii- intcrlit ia-i ; & it, & ni'l'.- \, in (|Ua crat sciun liani habi'iit IVairi* illius san>;iiinis pi\- iissis lorporlbu.i o\- ail I'ratn-s linali, qui o l)c(i sun, iV baMl;- >unl cdnnuMiiitcr ilr nit ad (lucin i)ii|)ulii» ii|)ulii Idola in j;iui!i ai).ia lu'iifdicta < m- luMii ni^tniini lus;!- )er at-riin talis, vide. uin IratrcN ina\inia!i\ atrcs ti'iitiiuii) i stent Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. stent cum illis, & illos ini'.)nnciit. Aliud terribile fuit quod ego vidi ibi. Nam cilm irem per vnain vallcm, quas sita est iuxia (luuiinn deliciaruin, niiilta corpora niortua vidi, cSc in ilia valle audiui sonos iniisiciis dulces & diiicrsos, & maximi; dc cytharis, vnd^ niultiini tinnii. Iter vallis liabet ]on;;itiidincm scptcm, vcl octo iniiliariiiin ad plus, in quam si quis intrat, in<)rit;ir, & nunquani viuus potest transire per medium iliius vallis, &. ide6 omnes de con- trata declinant a latere : Et tcntatii-i eram intrarc, & viderc, quid hoc esset. Tandem orans & Don mc rccommendans, & crnce sigiians, iu nomine lesu intraui, & vidi tot corpora mortiia ibi, (Miod nulius credcrct nisi viilcrct. In Ivic valle ab vno cius latere, in vno saxo viiam facicm ho- minis vidi, qua; ita terribilitt-r me rcspexit, qu6d omninocredidi ibi fuisse mortuus: Sed sem- per hoc verbinn (verbum caro factum est & habitauit in nobis) protuli, & cruceme signaui, ncc propiiis quani per 7. passus, vel 8. acccdere capiti ausus fui: lui autem fu^iens ad aliud caput vallis, & super vniun monticulum arcnosuni ascendi, in quo vndique circumspiciens ni- hil vidi nisi cviharas illas, quas per se (vt milii videbatur) pulsari & resoiiarc mirabilitcr au- diui. Cum verolui in cacumine niontis, inucni ibi ar!>entuni in maxima quantitate, quasi fiiis- senl squama" pisciinn. Congrcs>ans autcin inde in gremio ineo pro mirabili ostendendo, sed duc- tus lonscieiitia, in tcrram jiroieci, nihil mecum rcscruans, & sic per gratiam Dei liber exiui. Cinn autem homines iliius contratic sciucrunt me viuum cxissc, reuerebantur mc multum, di- tciilcs mc bapli/atuin & sanctum : iS.: corpora ilia i'uisse dacmonum infcrnalimn qui pulsant cytharas vt humiiies alliciant intrarc, & interficiant. llxc de visis certudinalitcr ego Prater Odoricus hie insiripsi; & nuilta mirabilia oniisi ponere, quia homines non credidissent niiii vidissent. De honore & reuerentia factis Domino Cani. VNinn tanliim rcfcrnm dc magno ("aiie quod \idi. Consnetudo est in partibus illis quod quaiulo pra'dictus dmninus ])cr aliquam contratani transit, homines ante ostia sua acccndunt igncni iV apponunt aroiiiata, ar I'ai iunt I'umum, \t domintis transieiis suauoni scniiat oilorem, iV inulli (ihuiani sibi \;uliint. Duin ;niteni si'iuel \eniicl in Canibclcth, c^ lama vnd'.; & ego iuiiniis (ibuiam >-il)i licni' per duas diitas : Ki duin a|)pnppinquarcimw ad cum. ])()suinuis rni- ccin super lignum, rium reuercnter obtulimus ; iS: ipse duo acn-pit, iSc dc vm ali(|uaiitiilum cumcdii: l"i lime fecit nobi- sigiiinn <|uikI reccileremus, ne e(|ui venicntes in alicjuo nos otli'iider. ni ; statinu|iR' al) co ilisccssimus, alque diiicrtinuis, iS; iuiinus ad alii|ii(H liarniics per fratris nnstri ordinis ad (iilcin coiiuersos, (pii in excrcilu eiiis cram, \ eis obtulinnH de pomis piadiilis, qui cum iiia\iino gaudio ip-a accipientcs ita vi- dcbantur felari, ac si ]>r ebuisscmus eis familiarilcr magnuni mtiniis. Ila-c pra-dicta fratcr {juili'lnuis de Solaiigna in srriptis rcdcgit, sicui j)ra'ilirlus fraler Odnricus ore tcniis expri- uubat. Anno Domini l.'J.'iO. meiise Maij in loco Saiicii Ant.mij dc I'adua; Nee curauit de latiiiii ilillicili, & still! orialo ; Sed sicut ipse narrabat ad hoc vt homines faciliiis iiilelligc- rent ipi.e diruntiir. Eg) iialer Odorit us de I'oro iulij de quad.nn terra quse dicilur Tortus Valuiiiis lie i.riiine minorum tesiilicor, S; testimonium |)crhil)ei> reucrendo patri (Juidnto nii- nistrii pnniini'i;" Sam (i Antonij in M;iri hia friiNNaiia, cum ab eo I'ucrim per obedieniiam re- c|iiisiius, (pio:! Ii.i'c rmiiii <|iia- siipcrius scripla sunt, aut proprijs m ulis ego \ idi, aut a liiie dignis ai 'liui : ('oniinimis iiiani lu(|iiulio illaium terrarum iila ft r I r' ii'.! ,ii!i ^MKf ■/■■I ■'•I . I '■■Wi f 158 Pcrj. Thrtiticnf Ai4rl this world: notwiilwtanding I frier Odoriiiis of Triiili, de porlu Vahonis beiii;: de- sirous to trauel vnin ilie foreign ;'.nd remote rKisi.ins of intidels, sawe and heard great and niir.i- culous things, whi( li I am alilc tiiiely to auoi It. Fir>t ornl therefore sav ling from Pera by Von- staniifKipIc, I arriucd at Trapesunda. This place is riglu ( (immodiously situate, as i)eing an lianen Icr the Persians and Mcdes, ami other conntreisbevondc the sea. In Ihishndel behelJc with great dclii^ht a verv strange -pec tacle, namelv a ( ertaiiie man leading about with him more then I'oure thoiisaiide p.itiriges. The man tiimselle walked vpon the ground, and tlir j)artriges (lew in the aire, which he leclJe vnto a certaine casiie called Zauena, being three da\ es ioiirney distant from Trape>.unil:i. The s;nde partriges were so lame, tlui! when the man was desirous to lie downe and rc-odv of .Xtlianasius, vjjon the gate ofthe ( itic. And then 1 pa^srd on further vnio Armenia in.iior, to aicriaine citie called A/aron, which had bene verv rich in iilile time, but iiowe the farters h.me almost lavcle it waste. In the saide citie there w.t. abu'idaine of bread and tle-h, ; ;ul cifall other victual- except wine and frtiites. This citie aUii is very colcle, and is repcjrted to be higher situated, then any other city in the world. It h.iih most holesnme and nweete water- about jt: (or tlie veiner- of the said waters seemc to sprin.; and (lnv lionithe mightv riiier of I^ti|)liraies, which is but a dayes ioiirney from thes;iiilc citv Also, the said c ilie -tandsdirecllv in the wav to Taiirii. And I pa»edon vnto a c criaine nioun- taine called Sobi-sac alo. In the loresaicle i cuintrc \ there is the \erv same moiintaine whereupon the Arke ol Noah rested: vnto the v\hivh I would willinglv haue ascended, if my companv \»iiulcl lunie st;iyed fc r me, Howbeit the people of that tountrey report, that no man could cuer ascend ih« Af.i (hi Bat: def like and hai Fr,, this a ;;i I .T Ire: con bila ill'' H' Odoricm. me dispone, si ciulum iter sua: gis ad mcritum, Domini loanni.-t cum ire volenti- Pontificcm. iion ill habit u pcrc- uosrcrct quo mo- uui sanctum pro- ucnti decimi) ex 1 cum Senex iile in bona prospc- (juc cssel in con- rouclatin, acccp- lumis in Domino iub manu Notarij Oihricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 159 ) Realu"' Odorirus miracula demon- de ])ortu Gruaric, [lumi-i, Hi. consilij ; sed non de om- iie Minorilcs, he Uast. ig the f.ishiDns ami Vahiini> bciii^de- ard fircaiand luir.i- Ironi IVra by Con- ituaie, as hcinj; aii this bnde 1 bchcLio n;; about with him he ground, and the aucna, lieini; three ll\a; when the man him like < hi( keiiv ir, uho tooke ax nu- ,1 e horn whence he i-. Ami then I jw-fd id bene very rich in lide citie there w.is litc-i. This t itie al«i the world. It h.ith cp* scemc to sprin- r from the'«;iiilecit\ nto arcrtaine numii- (mniaine whereupiin fmv company \>oiiIil uit ijiiuld cuer asccnl thf the said m' untaine, because (say they) it pleaseth not the highest God. And I trauailed on fur- ther vnto lauris that great and roval city, which wa* in old time called Snsis. This city is Jj»jj^ • "'« "^ accompted for traffique of marchandize the chiefe city of the world: for there is no kindc of victuals, nor any thing else belonging vnto merchandize, which is not to be had there in great abundance. This city stands very commodiously : for vnto it all the nations of the whole worlde in a maner may resort for traffique. Concerning the saide citie, the Christians in those parts are of opinion, that the Persian Emperour receiues more tribute out of it, then the King of France out of all his dominions. Neare vnto the said city there is a salt-hill yecldingsalt vnto the city: and of that salt ech man may take what pleaseth him, not paying ought to any man therefore. In this city many Christians ofall nations do inhabite.ouer whom the Saracens beare rule in all things. Then I traueiltdon furtherunfo a city called "Soldania, wherein the Or.Suitanb. Persian Emperour lieth all Sominer time: but in winter iiee takes his progresse unto another citv staiuling vpon the Sea called * Baku. Also the foresaid city is very great and colde, hauing The Caspian s«. good and holesomc waters therein, \nt() the which also store of marchandize is brought. ,>[or('( uer I traiielled with a cerlainc companv of Carauans toward vpper India: and in the way. after manv davs iourney, I came vnto the citie of the three wise men calied*Cnssan. which Or.Cassibin. is a iiobleandrenowmediitv, sailing that liie Tartar-^ haue destroyed a great part thereul, and it abouiidetli with bread, wine, and many other commodities. From this city vnto Icru- salcm (whither tlie three fort said wiseinen were miraculously led) it is fiftie days iourney. There be many wonders in this citie alto, whicli, for brciiities sake, I omit. From thence I departed viito a ccrtaine citv called'Ocste, whence the Sea of Sand is distant, one dayes cow. iotirnev, which is a most wonderful and dangerous tiling. In this city there is abundance of all kinds of victuals, and especially of (ij;^, reisins, and grapes; more (as I suppose! then in anv part of the whole w 'rid besides. This is one of thethree princi|)all cities in all the Persian Em|)ire. Of this citv the Sar.iceiis report, that no Christian can by any nieanes liue therein abniu' a veere Tlun pissing manv daves iournev on forward, I came vnto a certaine citie called *Co;niiin, wiiich wa-an huge and migiitie citie in olde time, coiileynin^r well nigh til'tie Com,^ miles in ( ircuiic, and hath done in times p.tst great damage vnto the Romanes. In it there are stately palaces allogiiher destitute !eas;iiitlv situated. There ihonts are certaine :n' iiniaincs Iniiinj; '^oiul pastures for cattell upon tliem. Here also M.imia is found in great alioiiiidam e Four partri>;es are here soldo for lessc then a s^roat. In this ( Munirev liiere are ino-l ■ o;inl\ "Lie men. Here also tli< men spin and c.ird, and not the women. This land bordertih vpon liie North i)ari ol Chaldaja. or tile inaners ,.f the Chalda'ans, and of India. 1 Horn thence I traiicle.l into( hald.'ea, which is a great kingdome.and I [)assed by the lower ofThnowti oi Bahel. This region hath a laijiiafie ])c(iili»r \nto it selfe, and there are beautilull men, and^'*^'' deformed woiuf n Tlie men >''■ the same couittrev \se to haue their h:iir<' kempt, and trimmed like vnto our women : and thev weare golden lurhants vpon their lieades richly set with pearle, and jiretious stones The wimien are clad in a course smock oiielv reaching to their knees, and h iiiing long slceucs liaiiiiing downe to the ground. .\nd tliev goe bare-looted, wearing breeches which reach to the ground also. The\ we;:re no aitire vpon their heads, but their haire hangs ('islieauelcd about their cares: and there be manv other strange ih' zs also. Fr(,m thence I (ameinlo tlie low <"• India, whiriiiic meiiibcis thcrewilh.do lap them \p in certaine bags Listened vnto tiicir bodirs. 1 5'^ < r'HMi i 'i 4 ^[1 . ' 160 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Odorictis. Thana, whereof I'redeiick Cesar maketh men- tiou. Malibjr. 'Hir biirfiiiif cf their dead. for otherwise they must needs die. Here also they vse a kindcnf Bark or ahippe called lase bcinj; compact together oncly with hempc. And I went on boiird into one of them, wherein I could not (inde any yron at all, and in the space of 28. dayes I ..rriiied at the city of Thana, whcro- in foure of our friers were martyred for the faith of Christ. This countrcy is ^ell situate, hauing abundance of bread and wine, and of other victuals therein. This kingd. me in olde time was very large and vndcr the dominion of king Porus, who fought a great ,)attell with Alexander the great. The people of this counlrey are idolaters worshipi)ing fire, serpents and trees. And oucr all this land (he Saracens do beare rule, who tooke it by mainc force, and they themselucs arc in subjeclio'i unto King Daldilus. There be diucrs kinds of beiists, as namelv blacke lyons in great abundance, and apes also, and monkcis, and baftes as biggc as ourdoucs. Also there are miseas biggc as our countrcy dogs, and therefore they are hunt- ed with d(i"s, bcc.iu-ic cats are not able to inconnier them. Mnrcouer in the same countrcy cucrv man liath a l)un; re.it as a pillar, and it will not wither, so long as w.iter is ap|)lied thereunto; with manv other nouelties and strange things, the relation whereof would breed great delight. How peper is had : and where it growclh. MOreouer, that it may be manifest how peper ii had, it is to l)e vndcrstood that it growcth in ;i ccrtaine kingdome whereat I my selfe arriucd, being called * .Millibar, and it is not so pIcntirMll in am other part of the worldc as it is there. Tor the wood wherein it growes con- tcinetii in i innit IH. dayes iournev. And in the said wood or I'orrest there arc two citic-, one c.illcd * Flaiidrina, anilihe oihcrCvncilim. In Tlandrina both lewcs and (Christians doc inhabite, betwcciic whom there is (d'tcri contention and warre : howbcit iht Christians outr- idim' liie lewcs at ail times. In ihc foresaid wood ])e|)per is had after this maiier: first if gmw- eili in Icaues like vnto pdt-hcarbs, which the\ plant nccre vnto great trees ;is wcdo our uncs, and lhe\ Ijiin;.; forth |)cpper in clusters, as our \iiusdoe vceld grapes, but being rijic, thcv arc of a grcciie colour. ;ind are gathered as we gather grapes, ami then the graines are laved in llie Suniic to be dried, and hcins drii d are put into earthen \essels: and thu>. is peppir made and kept. Now, in tiie s.ime wuod there he many rii:er«, wherein arc gre.it store < f ("riie;in« secrate tlu'ir daughters and thcr l.ild ren x nto some K. li^ion or ^alnt I'l Iiea'.icn. Likewise they sa( rilice liieir soi.iics and their d.au. liters, and to death before liie said Idol b\ reason of that accursed < cr<'inonv miK ti peojjie IS 1 1.1 .'. .Mso, manv olher h: and aboininal)le \illanies docth that brutish beastlv p.opje commit: and I s.iwr manv iiiii- stranye things among them which I mc.ine not here to insert. Another most vile (iisiini the loresai our \inc», lit being rijic, they \c graiiu's arc laycd and ihiis is |)C|)])(r arc i;rcat sidrc rf )iirnc \|) willi str;iw [jiigcr. At li.c Soiiih willi niarciiaiuli/.c if as tlicir god, whom ,n to rcit from al hi- I holy beast. Mun- .ns, cither of sihiiT. tlic other liis dun. Of tiie dung th\ icrcwith, and thirdly ; And as the pcojilo n a dead idolc, \\\\ni\ ■i\ an o\c. The\rr) <.(1 of founic \iruin- r (lauglitcrs and ihcr • l{ili;;ion or Saiiil r; ,(>. niiu h pcoph' is 1 1.; o, many nther haiivi- ml I -.luc many iikc >r most \ile custimi rnc his dead trijw I ; (s.iy they) she sh.l! omc into a new wcrW ill, rcmaine (till ahui Wllil Ottoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES. IGl %vith them, without shame or reproch : notwithstanding, for the most part, they all of them make choice to be burnt \V their husbands. Now, albeit the wife dieth before her husband, that law bindeth not the husband to any such incouenience, but he inay mary another wife also. Likewise, f said nation hath another strange custome, in that their women drink wine, but their men do not. Also the women haue the lids & brows of their eyes & beards shauen, but the men haue not : with many other base & filthy fashions which the said women do vse contrary to the nature of their sexe. Fro that kingdom I traueiled 10. dales Mob.r.o. iourney vnto another kingdome called Mobar, which containeth many citie.s. Within a Maiiapor. certaine church of the same countrey, the body of S. Thomas the Apostle is interred, the very same church being full of idols: and in 15. houses round about the said Church, there dwell certaine priests who are Nestorians, that is to say, false, and bad Christians, and schis- matiques. Of a strange and vncouth idole: and of certaine customes and ceremonies. IN the said kingdome of Mobar there is a wonderfull Strang idole, being made after the shape and resemblance of a man, as big as the image of our Christopher, & consisting all of most pure and glittering gold. And about the neck thereof hangeth a silke riband, ful of most rich & precious stones, some one of which is of more value then a whole kingdome. The house of this idol is all of beaten gold, namely the roofe, the pauement, and the sieling of the wall within and without. Vnto this idol the Indians go on pilgrimage, as we do vnto S. Peter. Some go with halters about their necks, some with their hands bound behind them, some other with kniucs slicking on iheir armes or legs : and if after their pe>egri nation, the flesh of their wounded arme festcrelh or cormpteth, they esteemc that limme to be holy, 6e thinke that their Ciod is wel pleased with them. Nearc vnto •he temple of that idol is a lake made by the hands < f men in an open & common place, whcreinto the pilgrimes ca.st gold, siluer, & |)recimis stones, for the honour of the idol and the repairing of his temple. And th'.'refore when any thing is to be adorned or mended, they go vnto this la'^e taking vp the treasm-e which was cast in. Moreouer at cucry yerely feast of the making oi repairing of the said idol, the king and queene, with the whole multitude of the people, & all the pilgrimes assemble tlicmschies, & placing the said idol in a most stately & rich chariot, they cary him out < f tinir temple with songs, & with all kind of musical harmonie, & a great company of virgins go proccssion-wisc two and two in a rank singing before him. Many pil"rims also put thcmsclucs Viulcr the chari<.t wheclcs, to the end that their false god may go oner them: and al they oiicr whom the chariot runneth, arc crushed in pieces, iV diuided asunder in the midst, and slaiiie right out. Yen, & in doing tiiis, fhpy think thcmsclues to die most holily & securely, in the scruice of their god. And by this nicanes eiiery yerc, there die vndcr the said (illhy idol, nio then .i()0. persons, whose carkascs arc burned, and their ashes are kept for reliques, because they died in that sort for their god. .Moreouer thev haue another de^ testable ceremony. For when any n.an odcrs to die in the seruice of his false god, his parents, & all his friends assemble themsclue:, together willi a consort of musicians, making him a great & soletiine feast: which feast being ended, they hang 5. sharpe kniues about^his neck ca- rying him before the idol, & so soone as I.e i> come (hither, he takcth one of his kniues crying with r. loud voice, For the worsliij- of my god do I cut this my flesh, and then he casicth the morsel whicii is cut, at J face if his idol: but at the very last wound wheiewiih he murthereth himsclfe, he vttereth these words: Now do I yecld my selfto dcatii in the behalfe of my god, and being dead, his bndy is burned, tV is esteemed by al men to be holy. The king of the said region is mof t rich in gold, sihicr, and precious stones, & there be the fairest vnions in al the world. Traueling from thence by the Ocean sea .•»(). dales iournev southward, I came vnio a certain land named Lammori, where, in regard of extreeme heat, the people both men p„iu,nh. and women go star .-naked from top to toe : who seeing me apparelled scoffed at me, sayin>r •"""«'' i"* that Gi d ma le Adam & Fue naked. In this countrey al women are common, so th..t no 'm.nn '""' can say, this .s mt wife. Also when any of the said women beareth a son or a-daughter she bestowcs it vpon any one that hath lien with her, whG she pleaseth. Likewise al the land of 'r fV,| I'll ■*9'- \f u s 4' I » f b < I 1(i2 Sumair?. Iau3. ■t.li ■>...:, VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Odoricus. that iTijion is possessed in comoii, so that there is not niinc& thine, or any propriety of pos- sesion In tiic diui^ion of lands: hrarchants comniing vnto this region for trafliquc do vsually bring w them fat men, selling them vnto the inhabitants as wc scl hogs, who immcdiatly kil & eat them. In this island towards the south, there is another kingdonie called Siinoltra, where both men and women marke ilieniNelucs willi red-hot yron in VI. sundry spots of I'leir faces ; and this nation is at cotinual warre with certnine naked people in another region. Then 1 Iraueled further vnto another island called laiia, the C(ln1pa^se whereof by sra is 3(M)i). miles. The king of this Hand hath 7. other crowned kings vnder his iurisdiction. The said Island is throughly inhabited, :t is ihou"lit to be one of the principall Uantls of y whole world. In the same Hand there "rowcth (Treat |)lenlv of clones, cubibc/, and nutmegs, and in a word all kinds of spices a -e there to be had, and great abundance of all victuals except wine. The king of the said land of laua hatha most braueand sunijttuous pallace, the must loflilv built, that euer I saw any, Sk it luiili most high greeses & stayers to ascend vp to the roonies therein contained, one slay re bein'i of -ilncr, & anollier of gold, throughout the whole building. Also the lower roomes were p.uicil all oner with one stpiare plale of sillier, iS; another of gold, .Ml the wals vpon the inner sije were seeled oner with pl.ites of beaten gold, wherupon were ingraiien y pictures of knights, hauing about their temples, ech of them awreilhof unldc, adorned with preiiou- stone>. 'fho roole of the pnl.ice vs.is cf pure gold. Willi tiiis king of laua the great Can of falav hath hid many condii les in war ; whom uoiwitlManding the said king hath alwaxcs cuercome Jt \aiui;,i--hed. ()l ceriaine trees \eelding nicale, honv, and povson. NEere \nlo ilie said II, iiid is .mother coiiiitre\ cilled l':inten, or faihalaiuasin. And the kinii ol' the ■^nme ci linlrv hath mauv Hands muIii lii> doiniiiion. In this land there are Ireis veeldiiiL' mealc, li(>nv. iV wine, ^\: the most dcadlv pii-im in :dl y whole wcrld : for a ;ainsl i( there is bin oiu' i i;l\ rciiu"d\ ' i\ lh.it i-. tiiis : ifanv iiia;i hath taken I'l \ pdssdii, vS, wmild In' deliucrcvl from llie da.igcr thcri f, hi him temper the dung '>!";; ui.in in water, vS; so driiikc ,i good iiuamitic thercci', iV it c\p( N llu' pos-oii iiiiiiie(liall\ , iii.ikint; it to aiinid al ihc I'linde- nieiil. Mealc i-. prochiied oi.l nl the ^.iid trees alter this iii.incr. fiiey be mi^hlv hu;;e tree-, and when llicy are (ill willi an axe b\ the ground, there i-siutli out of the stoi ke a icrlaiii lidiiir like \nio giiiiiiiK-, wiiii h the\ I. ike and put into b.i^'.s made of leaiies, Living iliem li r I,') dai:!d i.i the sun, \ ai the end of those Ij di\es, when the s;anl with froh water, and so it i- made \ery ;;oiid »V sauorie paste, whereof ihcv liiakr eillicr nil al i r bread, as ihc\ ihinke ',;oi)d. Ol wliiih bi( .ul I iii\ svlfedid c.ite, \ it isla\rrr \\i(h()iit\' si.ir.ewliil briAMic \\iiliiir 1S\ ihi^ 1 1 iintrcv is the sia i.illcd M. le morluii, wIik'i niiiiKlh conliiuinllv Si iillr.v.inl, ilitn v w'.iili win sceiier I'allelli is ueuer seine after. In liiis •.II ("iiiitrcv alsn are lou:;d i.iius of an i:uu'dililc ltiii;lli, iianicK o ihev lii.e tin;. (iO hii^l I I'r more, iV irt.i f as bigi;e ,is trees. Other laiies there be also c.illed Cassmi, uliii h (iuer'|)r(ad the c is-e, iV nut ol eiier\ ki'ol uf llielii spring fourth ceria lif.inclies, uuicli are njii- p- n llu.' ground aliini«i l< r tlu' spue ul a niilc In Ih ..ivil I alio f I crtaii e s'niie-, cue ol wliii h simies, »\liii-i.eiier (arr\elh aboiit with him, (.iiiiu't lie womnlcl vrcn: \ tl iilursi'ciier il'cv .ire vi.tiij Ih to b:- I:, icri lure the nun of il.al i oiiiilre\ fr the most part, larry s,.(h siimcsui ol' their I hildren, \.l the wound, lualiui; i III c\ i;.\ tl. lie af for tli il til' e most |)art triuu ph boti 1 on sc.i :iiui •re IS one kind of strataiji iiie, whirli the enemies of this iiatinii, knowiiiu Oduricus. )iicty of pos- i;ir vnto him- iintry. And with al como- olher things. men, neilint; 111 thi:i island n and women is nation is at (nrther vnto .- kin}{ of this ;hly inhabited, iR- Hand there (>r ".pices a -e )!' the said land cuer I saw any, incd, oncslajre le lower roomes 1 the wals vpoii laucn y pi( tiires [•d Nsith prccioiw the j;reat Can < I' n"; liatli alwaycs masin And ilie lul lluroare lre(s -Ul : I'cr a;;aiii>l it sson, it would l)i' ter, kS: so drinki' a loid al the riindc- niniity hn^;e tree -. [If sioi ke a ( eriaiii ^, lavini; llifni li r the >jh\ Im nr i- liT, \Na-liinj; it .il- htrcol' thev niakr eate, iV it isl'aucr ::re inorlnit, \\Uh\\ iiie alter. In lln'- > hiuh I'V more, ..v. ucr-priad ihe e.iil.i I's, \shi( h are lyn- ic, there are tmir.il ;annot he woundiil TV ^..eh >IolU"f Willi c'lr ihiMren, uliili" ound, healing al<« , lie wiienol i do ii..! (lUiul And l)> l'.- Li!i botli on se.i .uul ii> nation, kiio«iii;; tl;v Odoricui. THAll'IQUKS, AND DlSCOt KltlKS, US Snylcs ni.iilt' , C'.milM. the vcrtne of the snyd .stones doe practise against them : namely, (hey prouide tlieniselncs armour of yron or stcelc anainst their arrowes, & weapons also poisoiuil wiih the pov-ion ni' tree.s <^' thcv carry in their hands wooden .stakes most sharpc & Iiard-jjoiiiled, as if ihey were \ron : likewise tiiev shoot arrowes without yrrm heads, anil so they confound & s!a) sonio ol' their vnarined foes tmstinji too securely vnto the vcrtue of their .stones. Also of the lbrc.-a\d canes called C'asun they make saylcs for their ships, and litle hou>e.-, and many oiher neces- saries. From thence after many daycs trancll, 1 arriiied at another kingdome called Campa a n-.ost beauiifiil and rich cniirincy, & ahounding with all kind of viduals: the kinj; wlierof, at mv beiiio t'lere, had i-o many \\iues & concubines, that he had 31)0 sonnes & daii;;liters by the. This king hath lOOOt tame Elejjhants, which arc kept cuen as we keepe droiie.s of c.\en, or flocks of dieepc in pasture. Of the abundance of lishe.s, which cast ihcselites vpon the shore. IN this countrey ihcre is one stranije thing to be ob.serucd, j' enery seueral kind of (ishes in tho~:e seas come swiniminj; towards the said countrey in such abundance, that, for a j;reat dis- tance into the sea, nolhin;; can be .scene but y backs of fishes : which, casting theseliies vpon the s!iore when they come neere vnto it, do sulfer men, for the space of 3. daics, to come i*>: to tak" as many of the as they please, Sc then they retnrne againe vnito the sea. After that kind tif lislics conies another kind, olVering it selfe after the same maner, and so in like sort all other kind-- wliatsocucr : notwithstanding they do this but once in a yere. .\nd I de- maiindcd of the inhabitants there, how, or l>y what meanes this strange accident could come to jiasso : Tlic\ answered, that fishes were taught, cuen by nature, to come Sc to do homage villi) their I^inpcrour. Tlicre be Torioises also as bigge as an oueii. Afany other things I saw Tortoise. which are iiK ndihle, Milesse a man should see them with his own eie-. In this eounlrv also dead men arc Inirncd, iV their wines are burned aline with them, as in the city of I'oliimbriiin alioiie ineniioncd : lor the men of that country say that she gocth to accomjianv him in ano- ther world, that ho should take none other ^vif(• in mariage. Moreouer I traueled on fiirilier I'V the ocean-sea towards the soulli, & p.issed through many countries and islands, wherof one is called M' unioiaii, i^' it cOlainelh in ci^npasse ii. M. miles, wherin men & women hauc (h'gs faces, and worship an ose for tlicir god: and thcrefure euery one of tlicin carv the image c'f an o\e of gold or sillier \poii their faid country there be al kinds of beasts and foules: it tiie pe(j|)le told me, that those biasis would not inuade nor hurt any stranger, but only the natural inhabitants. I saw in tliis island fouls as big as our countrey geese, liauing two heads, and ( tlier miraculous thing-, which I will not here write pr.D.idni. otl". Traucling Oil further toward tlie souih, 1 arriucd at a certain island called Hodin, which signilieth in our language vnclean. In this island there do iidiabitmost wicked persons, who deuour \' eat raw lle*h cOmitting al kinds of vncleannes c!v abomin.ntiuMs in such sort, as it in incredible. I'or the father caleth his son, & the son his father, the hii-Iiand his owne wife, & the wife her luisband: and tliat after this inaner. If any mans father hevick, the son straight goes vnto the sooth-saying or prngnisticaliiig priest, recpiesting him to demand of his god, whether his lather siiall recouer of that inlirmily or no : Then both ol them go \nto an idol of gold or of siluer, making their praiers vnto it in maner folowing ; I, rd, thoii art our yod, & thee we do adore, beseeching thee to residue vs, whether sucii a man must I ; ilhesaiih he tihal line) then returnclh his son and miiiistret i things nciessarv v:ito him, til he hath aiiained vntohis former health; but if he saith (he shal die) then gic^, y priest miIo him, iSi pimmj^ a cloth into his ini>iii!i doih strangle him iherewitli ; which being done, Ium uis his dead li.niv into morsel-, >iv' al his liicnds and kinsfulks are iiuiited vnto the eating tlicrcof, \>iih musi(|i;c and all kinde of mirth : liowbcit his bones are solemnely buried. .\nd when I found fault with that ciistome (hnianding a reason thereof, one of them gaue me this answere; this we doe, least the worincs should cat his (lo-h, for then his soule should sud'er great torments, nei- ther ( 1 uM I In anv meancs rcmooue them from that erroiir. Manv other noneliies and siratigp lhin;;s thru lice in this cciintriv, which no man wouKl credite, vnles he saw t!iem with his owne 4VCS. Ili.wbeit, 1 Jicfnre .iliiiighly (Jod) do here make relation of nrthing but of tli:it imlv. thereof I ;iin :is vure, as a man may be sure. Concerning the foresaid islands I in(|uirrcl of diiRi's w( I e\|)e'icr,( cd persons, ^»h() al of tliem, ;is it were with one consent, an-wercd me ss\ iiig, I'hat this Ii:dia ccniained 1 KK). islands vnder it, or within it: in which islandi there are sixtie and foure crowned kings: and they say morcouer, that the greater part ot tho-e i-land» are we! inhabited. And here I conclude cucerning that part of India. Ol. China. Of i!,e\p|)cr India: and of the prouinccof Mancy. First of al therefore, failing iraueled manv dayes iourney \po the Dcean-sea toward tlir East, at leiiglh I ;iriiued al a ( eriaine great pi. mince called Maiuy, being in L:itiiie n.iiiuci Ii'dia. roiueriiing this Iiidi.i I in(|iiir((l of {'hrisli;iiis, of Siiracens, v\; of Idol.iters, and ol ;il siu h as bare aiiv (Hire muI.t the great Can. Who ;ill of them \*iih one consent answerdl. that this prouincc ol ,M;m( v h.ith mo tlicn y(KX). great cities within the prec inct- thereof, \- that it abou'iileth with all plenty of victu.ils, :is n;imcly wilh bread, wine, rise, llesh, and lish. .Ml the men of this preuince be artificers 8t m;ir( hants, who, though they be in neuer so ex- treme peiiiirie, so long as they can hel|>e ihemselues bv the labor of tlieii- hands, wil neiiir beg alir.es of anv man. The men of this pronini e are of a faire and comely personage, hii! soinevNiiat pa'e, iiauing their heads sh;men but a litle : bi'I the women are the incsi beaiitifui Or.ciuika'j,. Mider the -uiiiie I'he hist ( it\ of C said I'idia wlii(h I came Mito, i-. cille.l C'eusk.ilon. \iliiili being a ihiie-> iournev distanl iVothe sea, st:inds \pon .i riiier, the w.iter whereof, nere miId tiie mouth, where il exoneraieth it selfc into the sea, dulh ouerllow the land fur the space of l',i ol di mi sir n\c d< h( ba int the An ma oui teii Ihr the \i. hfii-l ' ?vU f I i m< Odoricu.%, IK'S also : which y ycre he pcr- I that they can they may with iiig thcmscliics he hors-U'cchos he Bea, and at a ones out of the met' of prctioiiH ntrv tiiorc be al not iniiadc nor Ills as bij; as our t not iiere write (I Hodill, which vcd pcptons, \\\v\ such sort, as il is , owni- wife. & ihc son siraiiiht niand ol his j;oheriii be exceeding gre.it iV faire cocks, and al their hens are as white as the very snow, hauinii wol in stead of I'c.ithers, like vnto sheep It is a most stately iV beautiful city &; st.indelh vpon the sea. Then I went IS daies ioiiriiey on further, cV ])assid by many pro- iiiiices iSc n ' , : -I I ( If 1 > I . 1 'r t 160 Thcluliancopjr iu RimutiiiSt hathiiouO. hr)d|Ci. VOYACFS, NAUIGATIONS, Odoiic hath twclur principal! jjatcst; and about the dititancc of cif{ht miles, in the liijjh way vnt > I'uery one of the Haidc j;ateH Htandclli a city at hij; by c^limaiion ;is Venice, and I'adua. Tin /bresaid city of (^anasia is situated in waters or nwr-iiics v.liic'i alwaycx sia;iil still nciiiifr ebbing nor llowinf> : liowbeit it hath a deicMce for the wirdr lil^c siitn Venice. In this ciiie there arc ino then UMYZ. bridges, many whereoi' 1 numl red .ind jn-cd oucrthcm: ami vpon euery of those bridges stand certaine watchmen if (lie c;iie, I. 'ping continual! watch and ward about the said cil\, lor the great Can tl>e Ivniperour of (at.. ■. The people olthis countrey »iav, that they halie one duetie inioyned vnio ilicm ly their lord: for cuery (ire nayeth one 15alis in rcr ' d of tribute : and a Halts is (iuc jjapt rs or pieces of «ilke, whidi are worth one (loren and ni lialfe of our coitie. Tennc or t«ciiic lioiJtolds arc accotnpicd for one lire, an- Thiiinan, with other foiirc Thiitnan of the Saracens, which itiake HI), in al ; And one Timman cosisteth of KXKK). lifts. The residue of the people of the city arc some of them {'hrislians, some marchatils, and some traueilers through the counlrey : wlierc- itpon I mariieilcd much howe such an infinite luiniber of jh r^ons could inhabile and line t(i- gether. Tlicre is great aboundance of victuals in this cilie, as namely of bread and wine, and cupecially of hogs-IUsh, with other neeewarics. Of a Monastery where many strange beastes of diners kindes doe line vpon an hill. IN the forcsaide citie foure of our friers had conuerted a niiglitv and rirlic man vnto the failh of Christ, at whose house F conlinuallv abode, for so long time as I remained in the fitie. Who vpon a certaine time saide vnto me: Aim, that is to say, I'alher, will you gop and beholde the citie? And I said, yea. Then embar(|Ued we our seines, and directed our course vnto a < eriaine great Monaster) : where bi iiig arriued, he i .died a religious person with whom he was a(()uainted, sa) iiig vnto him coiu ei-nin;; me: liii-- lialian iManciis, that i« to say, this religious I'Venchman comtneth from the \Vc«teriii' |).irt-. of the world, and is tww g.'ing to the ( ity of Cambaleth to prav for the life of the grc.t Can, and then-fore \ou mu-\ shew him some rare tiling, that when liee relumes intii his owne countrey, lie may say, tlii'. strange sight or nouelty hauc I scene in tlie < ity of Canasia. Then the said religious ni:ii) tooke two great baskets full of broken rcliijucs which remained of tlio table, and led me mi- to a little walled parke, the donre whereof he vnli:(ked with hi-- kev, and tin re appearri! Mito vs a plea-ant f.iire green plot, ii.to the wliiih we cntied. In the said greene siaiuU .i litle mount in forme of a •leeple. repicni-hcd with liagraiit licrbes, .wid line shadv trec''. And while we .slofd there, he frnke a cvmball or bell, and rang t! "rewilh, as thcs vsc tr, ring to dinni r or heiioir in cloisters, al the sound whereof nianv creatures if diners kiiiil> tainedowiie from the mount, some like apes, some like cats, some like monkeys, and somi hailing faces like men. And while 1 stood beholding of them, ihev gathered themselucs i,. gether about him, to the nuinber of 421)0. of tho-c (rcatiircs, putting themselues in gim! order, before whom he >et a platter, and gaue them the >;iid fragments to cate. .\n(l when thev had eaten he rang \pon his cvmbal the second lime, and the\ al reiiinied vnto their fnr- tner places. Ihen, wondring greatly at the matter, I demaiuhd wlmt kind of creatures iIknc might be i' They are ((|uoih he) the soules of nibble men which we do here feed, fir (lie loue of CJod who gouerneih the world : and as a man w.is honorable or noble in this lile, m' his •.(lule after death, entreth into the body of some c\cellent bea-.i or other, but thcsoulcsif simple and rusticall people do possesse the bodies of more \ ile and bruli-h creatures. Thou I began to refute that foule error: howbeii inv sjieach did m thing at all preuaile with him: f r hee could not be perswaded that any smile might remaiiie without a body. From ihcnii' I departed vnto a certaine citie named (!hiIeiiso, the walls whereof conteined 40. miles in circuit. Ill this city there are .'{(50. bridges of stone, the fairest that euer I saw: and it is wil inhabited, hauing a great naiiie belonging thereunto, iSc abounding with all kinds of vii tiia'< and other commodities. And thence 1 went \nfo a certaine riuer called Thalay, which where it is most narrow, is 7. miles bro.id: and it runneth through the midst of the land of V\^- ni.Ti, whose chiefc citv is calle«l Cikam. and is one of the goodliest cities in the world. Thrtc ,. m \ Odv) iciif ic liinh way vnti i\iul l';»liiii. Till' ia:icl slill ncitlicr CO. Ill ihit r'uii- oui r them : ami contiiiuall watrli rhc people nftliis \\ : for ciii'ry (irr i\s of »ilkc, wliii li Ids arc aiHDinplcd lircH amount vnto vhich make Hi), in lie of the city arc lounlrey '• wlicrc- labilr aiid line lo- ■cad and wine, and p vpon an hill. •ii lie man vnio ihc I I remained in the nher, will yon kop , and direiled our ;i religions per-ioii i;in I'rancu-, thai i> \Mirld, and !•< ih'** theielorc \oii niiiM k', he mas -ay. tiiii said reliiiiiius m:iii ilile, and led n.c mi- and lime apiieanil said ureeiie stands j nd tine shady tree- \silh, as tht> vse In iires ( r diners kimU monkeys, and sonu hercd theniselue^ i - i themsriucs in p' "i! "to cate. And wlifn mrned vnto their I'or- iiil of creatures ihisc 1(. here feed, l'< r llii' ■ nohh' in this lile, > ' lluT, hill thcsoult'il i,h rreatnrcs. Tlu-ii 1 preuailc with him ;t.r I \n>dy. From thenic mtcined 40. tniles in er 1 saw. and it is wtl ih all kind* of vie tua'< d'fhalav, whith where [ of the land of Insi- st cities in the wcrl'l. Tliwc i Odoricus. TliAFMUUES, AND DI.SCOUEIUM.S. Vw^p I>i«m!n.in>i are three of my spans hijrh, and they make larf^er and belter tlolh of cot- ten and silkc, then any other n;ilion vndcr llic snnm- And coastin^rahmK by liie saide liiier, I came vnto a ccrtaine citie named lan/.n, in which < itie there is one recej)tacle for the I'rier.siimu, of our order, and there be aUo three Churches of ihe Xcstorians. This l:ni/n is a noble and •rreatcilic, containing 48 Thnman of trihnlarle tiers, and in it aie all kiiidc-- of vicliials, and Trreat plenty of such beasles, foules and lishes, as Chri^ians doe vsnally line vpon. The lord of the same cilie hath in yeerelv renennes for salt onely, (iflie Thuinan of Halls, and oiu; balls is worth a (lorcn anda halfe of our cnync : insoinnch that oneTluiman of balls .nnonnteth vnto the value of fiftcene thousand llorens'. Howbeit the sayd lor.l fanomelh his people in one respect, for sometimes he for^'incth them freely two hundred I'human, least llierc should be anv scarcity or dearth among them. There is a custome in this cilic, that when any man is detennine.l to banquet his friends, goinj; about vnto certaine tauerncs or cookes houses ap- pointed for the same purpose, he >ayth vnto enery particular hoste, yon shall haiie such, and such of my fricndes, wliom you niust interlainc in my name, and so nuK h 1 will bestowe spoil the banquet. And by that ineancs his friendcs are better fe.xsted at diucrse jilaces, then ihey should haue bcenc at one. Tenne miles from the sayde i itie, about llie head of the foresjyd riuer of Thalay, there is a certaine other citie called Montu, wliiiii hath the "greatest iiauy tl\at I saw in the whole world. .Ml their shipM are as wliite as snow, ami they haue banqueiing houses in them, and many other rare things al.so/ which no man would beletuf, vnlcssc he had scene them with his owiic eyes. Of the citie of Cambaleth. 'fUaueilinj; eight dayes iouriicy further by diners territories and cities, at length I came liv fresli water \ nto a certaine ciiio named l.eiicyn, standing vpon the riuer of * Karaiioran, Kn.imoron. which runnetli tlu'onijh the midst of Calaie, and doetli gre.it harme in tlie coiiiitrey when it ouerll'iweth the bankes, or lnval>eih fourth of the chaiieil. From thence passing along the finer liisiwar.l, after manv d.iyi's Ir.iiiell, and tlu- siijlit of diners cities, I arriued at a citie c.iil-.'d * Sum.ikoto, w!iicii abouiidclh more with «ilke then any othiT (itie in the world : for sumjcoio. when there is grc.it siarcitie of silke, foriie pmmd i-.siiidlor lessc then eight groates. In this I iiie there is abundance of all merchandize, and of .ill kindc.s of \icluals also, as cd" lireail. wine, lle^h, li'h, witli all ciioisc .uul delicate s[)ices. Tlu'ii traueiling on still towards the Ka-t l)v manv ciiies, 1 catne vnto the noble and renowiued citie of Ciinbaleih, which is of greiit aniiijuitie, being situate in the proiiiin f of Catale. 'fliis cilie tlic faii.irs looke, and ncere vnto it within the »p:u'e of halfe a mile, tiiey built anollier cilie called Caido. The citie of (".lido hath twelue gates, being each of them two miles dist.iiit from another. -Mso the spare Iviiigin the midst betweene the two foresayd ( itie> i«. \ery well and throughly in- habited, ho that ihey in.ike .is it were but one citie between'.' them both, fhe whole com- pa-se or ciri uit of both cities together, is II). milis. In this citie the great emperonr Can hath W\> prim ipall scat, and his linperi.ill palace, the waU of which palace contaiiie lourc miles ill circuit : and neere vnto this his |)alare are niiiiy other pal. ices and houses of his no- bles which belong vnto his court. Within the preciiut; of the sa\d (lalai e Imperial!, there is a most bcaiitifnil ni'iint, set and replenished with trees, for which cause it is called the (ireciie mount, hailing a most royall a ul sumptiioiis palace -.tanding thereupon, in \Wii< li, for the most part, the great Can is resident. \'j)on tlu- one siilc of the s.iyd mount there i- a great lake, whereupon a most stateK bridge is built, inwhich Like is great abundance i>f geese, ducks, and all kindes of water foiiles : and in t'le wood growing vpon the mount there i;* great store of .ill birds, and wilde beasts. And therefore when the great ('an will solace himsclfe with hunting or liaukiag, he needs not so much .is once to step forth of his palace. Moreoiier, the principall palace, wherein he inaketh his abode, isvei\ l.irgc, hailing within it 14 pillers of guide, and all the walles thereof are hanged with red skiniiex, which arc sa\d to be the most costly skinnes in all the world. In the n\idst of tlie palace standes a cislerne of two yard-' high, which consistcth of a pretious stone called Merdochas, and is wreathed about with golde, & at cch corner thereof is the golden image of a serpent, as it were, fu- riously l()7 ('. 4i i; j ': )' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ 1.0 I.I ■- IIIIIM |50 '""^^ 1^ 140 2.5 IE IIIIIM III i-8 1.25 1.4 ^ -< 6" - ► V] <^ /a /a ^^,. ' „%, > ^ f^ .^ 4^ *^ '/ ■/A Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 Im 4<- '^4 4^ f li 168 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Odoricm. ■ /,! • ' riously shaking and casting forth his head. Thi;; cisternc also hath a kind of networke of pcarle wrought about it. Likewise by the sayd c'i>lernc there is driiike conucyed thorow ccr- teine pipes and conducts, such as v.selh tu be clrinkc in the ciuju'rcrs court, vpon the which also there hang many vessels of goldc, wlicrein, whdsoeuer will may drinkc of the sayd li- cour. In the foresayd palace there are many peancks of golde : & when any Tartar makclh a banquet vnto his lord, if the guests chance to clap their hands for ioy and mirth, the sayd golden peacocks also will spread abroad their winj^s, and lift \ p their traines, seeming as if they danced : and this I suppose to be done by arte magike or by some secret engine vnder the ground. Of the glory and magnificence of the great Can. MOreouer, when the great emperor Can sittelh in his imperiall throne of estate, on his left hand sitteth his qucene or emprcsse, and vpon another inferior seate there sit two other women, which are to accompany the emperor, when his spouse i-i absent, but in the lowest place of all, there sit all the Ladies of his kinred. All the maried women weare vpon their heads a kind of ornament in shape like vnto a mans foote, of a cubile and a halfe in length, and the lower part of the sayd foote is adorned with cranes feathers, and is all ouer thicke set with great and orient pearles. Vpon the right hand of the great Can sittelh his first begotten Sonne and heire apparent vnto his empire, and vnder him sit all the nobles of the blood royall. There bee also foure Secretaries, which put all thin;;s in writing tiiat the emperor speakelh. In whose presence likewise stand his Bnrons and diuers others of his nobililie, with great traines of folowers after them, of whom none dare speake so much as one word, vnlesse they haue obtained licence of the emperor so to doe, except his iesters and stagc- pkiyers, who are appointed of purpose to solace their lord. Neither yet dare they attempt to doe ought, but onely according to the plcisure of their emperor, and ashee enioinctli them by lawe. About the palace gate stand certaine liarons to keepc all men from treadinu vpon the threshold of the sayd gate. When it picaesth the great Can to solemnize a feast, he hath about him 14000. Barons, earning wreathes & lille crownes vpon f!i"ir heads, and giuing at- tendance vpon their lord, and euery one of them wearetli a giirmcPit of gold and precious stones, which is woorlh ten thnu-and Florens. His court is kej)t in very g')od order, by go- uernours of tens, gouernours of hundreds, and gnucrnoiirs of ihousamls, insomuch that euery one in his place pcrfdrmeth his duciie committed vnto him, neither is there any delect to bee found. 1 Frier Odnric iis was there pre.>^ent in jjcrson lor the space of three veeres, and was often at the savd banquets ; for we friers Minorites haue a place of aboad .'ijjpointed out for vs in the emperors court, and arc enioined to goc and to bestow our blcNsing vpon him. And I enquired t)f certaine ('ourticrs concerning the number of persons pertaining to the emperors court ? And they answered mee, that of stage-players, musicians, and such like, there were cighteenc Thuman at the le.ist, and that the keepers of dogs, beasts and foulcs were fifteene Thuman, and the physicians for the emperours bodv were foure hundred ; the Christians also were eight in number, together with one Saracen. M mv being there, all ihe fores.iyd number of persons had all kind of necessaries botii for a|)par('ll and victuals out of the emperors court. Moreouer, when he will make his progresse from one conntrey to another, hee hath foure troupes of horsemen, one being appointed to goe a dayes iourney before, and another to come a daves iourney after him, the third to march on his right hand, and the fourth on his left, in the mancr of a crosse, he himselfe being in the midst, ar.d so euery particular troupe haue their daily iourneys limited vnto them, to the ende they may prouide sufficient victuals without defect. Nowe the great Can himselfe is caricd in maner following ; hee rideth in a chariot with two whecles, vpon which a maiesiicall throne is built of the wood of Aloe, being adorned with gold and great pearles, and precious stones, and foure elephants brauely furnished doe drawe the sayd chariot, before which elephants foure great horses richly trapped and couercd doe lead the way. Hard by the chariot on both side^ thereof, are foure Barons laying hold and attending thereupon, to keepe all persons from ap- proching neere vnto their emperour. Vpon the chariot also two milkc-whitc ler-falcons doc m Odoricun. ictworke of thorow ccr- n the which the sayil !•- irtar inakcth th, the sayd ccniing as if nginc vndcr state, on hiii sit two other II the lowest re vpon their fe ill length, uer tl)icke set first begotten of the blood the emperor his nobililic, I as one word, •rs and stagc- lioy attempt to nidinclii them treadins vpon feast, he hath and giuing nf- d and jirccimw (irder, by go- insnmiich lliat lerc any defcit if ihri-e yceres, (load iijjpointcd ,>iing vpon him. rtaining to the and such like, [■asfs and fonles :• inindrcd ; the lieiiig there, all and victuals cut inc roiintrey to a davcs iourney I his right hand, e midst, ai'.d so cnde they may caricd in maner II throne is built lous stones, and elephants foure ot tin both sidc-i [jersons from ap- ; Icr-lalcons doc sit. Odoricm. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 169 sit, and seeing any game which hee would take, hec letteth them flic, and so they take it, and after this maner doeth hee solace himselfe as hee rideth. Moreouer, no man dare come within a stones cast of the chariot, but such as are appointed. The number of his owne fol- lowers, of his wiucs attendants, and of the traine of his first begotten sonne and heire appa- rant, would scenie incredible vnto any man, vnlesse hee had scene it with his owne eyes. The'forosayd great Can hath dcuided his Empire into twelne partes or Proiiinces, and one of the sayd prounues hath two thousand great cities within the precincts thereof. Whereupon his cn'ipire is of that length and breadth, that vnto whatsoener part thereof he intendeth his iournv, he hatli space enough for si,\ moncths continual progresse, except his Islands which arc at the least .WlJO. or cerlaine Innes or hospitals appointed for trauailers throughout the whole empire. Tile fore-iavd Emperor (to the end that trauailers may haue all things necessary throughout his whole empire) h ith caused certaine Innes to be pronided in sundry places vpon the high waves, where all things pertaining vnto victuals are in a continuall readinesse. And when any alteration or ncwes happen in any part of his Empire, if he chance to be farrc absent fnim that part, his ambassadors vjion horses or dromedaries ride post vnto him, and when thcmselues and their beasts are weary, they blow their home, at the noise whereof, the next Innc likewise pnniidrth a horse and a man, who takes the letter of him that is weary, and runneth vnto anofluT Innc : and so by diners Innes, and diners postes, the report, which or- dinarily could skarce come in '30. dayes, is in one natnrall day brought vnto the emperor : and therefore no matter of any moment can be done in his empire, but straightway he hath in- telligence thereof. Moreouer, when ^ great Can himselfe will goon hunting, he vseth this ( iistomc. Some twenlv dayes iourney from the cilie of Kambaleth there is a forrest contain- ing sixe dayes iourney in circuit, in which forrest there are so many kinds of beasts and birds, as it is incredible to report. Vnto this forrest, at the ende of euery third or fourth yeere, himselfe with his whole traine resorteth, and they all of them together cnuiron the sayd for- rest, sending dogs into the same, which by hunting do bring foorth the beasts: namely, lions and stags, and other creatures, vnto a most beantifull plaine in the midst of the forrest, be- cause all the beasts of the forrest doe tremble, especially at the cry of hounds. Then com- mcth the great Can himselfe, being caried vpon three elephants, and shooteth fine arrowes into the whole herd of beasts, and after him all his Barons, and after them the rest of his courtiers and family doe all in like maner discharge their arrowes also, and euery mans arrow hath a sundry inarke. Then they all goe vnto the beasts which are slaine (suflTering the liuing beasts to returne into \\>r wood that they may haue more sport with them another time) and euery man enioyelh that beast as his owne, wherein he findeth his arrow sticking. Of the foure feasts which the great Can solemnizeth etiery yeere in his Court. FOure great feasts in a yeere doeth the emperor Can celebrate: namely the feast of his birth, the feast of his circumcision, the feast of his coronation, and the feast of his mariage. .\nd vnto these feasts he inuileth all his Barons, his stage-plavers, and all such as are of his kinrcd. Then the great Can >itting in his throne, all his Barons present themselues before him, with wreaths and crownes vpon their heads, being diuersly attired, for some of them are in greene, namely, the principall: the second are in red, and the third in yellow, and they hold each man in his hand a little luorie table of elephants tooth, and they are girt with golden girdles of haife a foote broad, and thev stand vpon their feete keeping silence. .\bout them stand the stage-p'ayers or musicians with their instruments. And in one of the corners of a certaine great pallace, all the Philosophers or Magicians remaine for certaine bowers, and doe attend vpon points or characters: and when the point and hower which the sayd Philosojihers expected for, is come, a certaine crier crieth out with a loud voyce, saying, Incline or bowe your seines before vour F.mperour: with that all the Barons fall flat vpon the earth. Then hee crieth out againe; .Arise all, and immediately they all arise. Likewise the Philosophers attend vpon a point or character the second time, and when it is vol.. II. Z fulfilled, iv ! » l?0 VOYAGRS, NAUIGATIONS, Odoricm. Vr 5 rr ■1^ )\ Hii rpturnp Wcnwird. Catan. AjUjIlod, the crier rricth out ainaine; I'm your lingers in your earcs: and foorthwith againc he saieth; I'lurkc them out. Againc, at the tliird |M)inl he crielh, Itoult lliis niealc. Many other circumstances also doc they pcrlbrme, all which they say haue some ccrtaiiic Mii;nifica- tioo: howbcit, neither would I write them, nor niuc any lucd vnio them, hecausc they arc vaine and ridiculous. And when the musicians liowcr is come, then the Philosophers' snv. Solemnize a least vnto your Lord: with that all of them sound their instrument.s, makin;; n great and a melodious noysc. And immediately another crielh, Peace, jjcace, and they are all wluHl. Then come the women-musicians and sing sweetly before the I'lmperour, which musikc was more delightrull vnto mc. After them come in the lions and doc their obei- sance vnto the great Can. Then the iuglcrs cause golden cups full of wine to flic vp and downc in the avre, and to apply themsehies vnto mens moulhes that they inav drinke of them. These and manv other strange things I sawe in the court of the i;rcat Can. wliich no man would Ik-Iccuc vnle,*ie he had seen them with his owne cies, nod llicrefore I omir to s])eake of tliem. I was informed also by certaine credible persons, of another mira- culous thing, namely, that in a certaine kingdonie of the sayd C'aii, wherein stand Aiambeina *''* mouutaiiw called Kai>sei (the kingdomes name is Kalor) there growe great Cjounls or SDuiJ. Pompions, which iK-ing ripe, doe open at the tops, and within them is found a little bea'it like vnto a yong lambe, eueu as I my selfe haue heard reported, that tiicre stand cer- taine trees vpon the shore of tl»e Irish sea, bearing fruit like vnto a gourd, wliich, at a cci- taine time of the yeere doe fall into the water, and become birds called Bernac les, and this is most true. Of diucrs prouinces and cities. ANd after three veeres I departed out of the empire of Cataie, trauailing fifiie dayes ioiir- ney towards the West. And at length I came vnto the empire of Preiegoani, whose princi- pal! citie is Kosan, which hath many other cities vnder it. From thence passing manv daves trauell, I came vnto a prouince called Casan, which is for good commodities, one of (he onely prouinces voder the Stume, and is very well inhabited, insomuch that when we depart out of the gates of one city we may beholde the gates of another city, as I my sclfe saw in diuers of them. The b.-'-atlth of the sayd prouince is (ifty dayes iourncy, X- liie lengtli aboue sixty. In it there is great plenty of all victuals, and especially of chcsnuts, and it is one of the twelue prmiinces of the great Can. (loing on further, I came vnto a certaine (Or, Tkfbet. kingdoiae called || Tebek, which is in subieciion vnto the great Can also, wherein 1 ihinkc there is more plenty of bread & wine then in any other j)art of the world besides. The people of the sayd counlrey do, for the most part, inhabit in tents made of blacke fell. Their principall city is inuironed with faire and beautiful! walle.s, being built of moMt white and blacke stones, which are disjjosed chekerwise one by aiu/lher, and curiously com)>ileil together; likewise all the high waves in this comitrey are exceedingly well paued. In tin- sayd countrey none dare sbetl the bloud of a man, or of any beast, for the rcuerence of a certaine idole. In the foresayd city their Abassi, that is to say, their Pope is resident, be- ing the head and prince of all idolaters (vpon whom he bestoweth and di< and drinko of Can, which iforc I omit other mira- creiii stand it CjourJs or tilth; l>east ; stand icr- h, at a cer- es, and this e daycs iour- vhose princi- r many dayes one of the en wc depart selfe saw in : tiie lenjjtli lUts, and it is iito a certaine erein 1 ihinke liesides. The if blaikc felt. )f most white nsiy compiled ;uied. In liu- cuercnte of a i resident, bc- teth nit'-* af'i-''' all Christ ians. hem, and they y mans father isicians that he m to be cariei! im in the sayd ing it vnto his :auc it behindc I soonc as they Hyini; from the forth a fame is iod carried him into Odoricus. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 171 into paradise. And this is the greatest and highest honour, that the soniie can deuise to ,j.^^ ^^^^^ performc vnto his deceased father. Then the sayd sonne taketh his fathers head, seething it concerning the and eating the (Icsh thereof, but of the skull he makes a drinking cup, wherein himselfe with '"J[ w^JjJ^^'J ail his family and kinred do drinke with great solemnity and mirth, in the remembrance of Rubheii. his dead and deuoured father. Many other vile and abominable things doth the sayd nation commit, which I meanr not to write, because men neither can nor will bclceue, except they should hiiuc the sight of them. Of a ccrtaine rich man, who is fed and noiiri.shcd by fiftic virgins. Wllile I was in the pronincc of Mancy, I passed by the palace of a certaine famous man, which hath fifty virgin damosels continually attending vpon him, feeding him eucry meale, as a bird feeds her yoong ones. Also he hath simdry kindes of meat serued in at his table, and three dishes of ech kindc: and when the sayd virgins feed him, they sing most sweetly. Tliis man hath in \eercly rcucnues thirty thiiman of tagars of rise, cuery of which thuman yeeldeth tcnnc tliousand tagars, and one tagar is the burthen of an assc. His palace is two miles in circuit, the pauenient whereof is one plate of golde, and another of siluer. Neerc vnto the w.dl of the snyd palace there is a mount artificially wrongfht with golde and siluer, whereupon stand turrets and steeples and other delectable things for the solace and recrea- tion of the foresayd great man. And it was tolde me that there were foure such men in the sayd kingdoms. It is accounted a great grace for the men of that countrey to haue long LontaaUes. nailes vpon their lingers, and especially vpon their thumbes, which nailes they may folde about their hands ; but the grace and beauty of their women is to haue small and slender feel : and therefore the mothers when their daughters are yoong, do binde vp their feet, that they may not grow great. Tranelling on further towards the South, I arriued at a ccr- taine countrey called Melistorie, which is a pleasant and fertile place. And in this countrey Meiiitotte. there w.is a certeine aged man railed Scnex de monte, who round about two mountaines had built a wall to inclose the sayd mountaines. Within this wall there were the fairest and mofit chrystnll fotmtaincs in the whole world: and about the sayd fountaines there were most beau- tifull virgins in great number, and goodly horses also, and in a word, eucry thing that could be deuised for bodily solace and delight, and therefore the inhabitants of the countrey call the .same place by the name of Paradise. The sayd olde Sencx, when he .saw any proper and valiant yoong man, he would admit him iiito his paradise. Moreouer by certaine conducts he makes wine and milke to flow abundantly. This Senex, when he hath a minde to reuenge himselfe or to slay any king or baron, commandcth him that is gouernor of the sayd paradise, to bring thereunto some of the acquaintance of the sayd king or baron, permitting him a while to take his pleasure therein, and then to giue him a certaine potion being of force, to ca.st him into such a slumber as shonid make him quite voide of all sense, and so being in a profound sleepe to eonney him out of his paradise : who being awaked, & seeing himselfe thrust out of the paradise would become so sorowfull, that he could not in the world deuise what to do, or whither to turne him. Then would he goc vnto the foresaid old man, beseeching him that he might be admitted againe into his paradise: who saith vnto him. You cannot be admitted thither, vnlesse you will slay such or such a man for my sake, and if you will giue the attempt onely, whether you kill him or no, I will place you againe in paradise, that there you may remaine alwayes: then would the party without laile put the same in execu- tion, indeuouring to murther all those against whom the sayd olde man had conceiued any hatred. And therefore all the kings of the east stood in awe of the sayd olde man, and gaue vnto him great tribute. Of the death of Senex de monte. And when the Tartars had subdued a great part of the world, they came vnto the sayd olde man, and tooke from him the custoiai(l oleic man was tookc iiini, ami put hi.ii to a most rriiell ami ignominions death. The friers in that place banc this speciall jjii't and prerotjaiiue: namely, that by the vcrtiic of the name of Christ lesii, and in the venue of his j)rttious bloud, which he shcdde vpon the crosse for the saltiation of niankinde, they doe east foorth deiiils out of them that are possessed. And because there are many possessed men in those parts, thev are buinu! and brousrht ten dayes iournev \nto tlie sayd friers, who beini; dispossessed of the vncleane spirits, do presently beleeue in Christ who deliiiered them, aicountinj" him for their (iod, andbcinj; baptised in his name, and also deliueriii}; immcdiatly \nto tlie friers all their idols, and tlv idols of their cattell, which are commonly made of felt or of womens haire; then the savd friers kindle a lire in a |)ublike place (whereinilo the people resort, that tliev may sec the false jjods of their neighbors Inirnt) and cast the sayd idols llu'reinfo: howbeit at the first those idols came out of llie lire a;i;,iiiie. Then the friers sprinkled the savd (ire with holv water, castin*; the idols into it the second time, and with that the deuils (led in the likencsse of lilacke smoake, anil tlie idols still remained till they were inn^nmed vnio ashes, Afterw,ird, this noise & outcrv was heard in the ayre: Heholde and see how 1 ani ex|)ellcd out of my habitation. And by these meanes the friers doe baptise ureat multitudes, w o presently reuolt ajjaine vnto their iiloN: insomuch that the sayd friers must eftsixnifs, as it were, Miderprop them, and infurme them anew. There was another terrible thinj; which I saw there: for passing by a eerlaine valley, which is siiuale beside a pleasant riuer, I saw many dead bodies, and in the sayd valley also 1 hcird diners sweet soini:ls and harmonies of musike, especially the noise of citherns, whereat I was greatly ama/ed. 'I'his valley coii- teineth in length seucn or eight miles at the le.ist, into the which wh> soener entreth, dieth presently, and can by no meanes passe aliiie thorow the middcst thereof: for which cause all the inhabitants ihereahont decline vnto the one side, Moreoner, I was templed to go in, and to see what it was. At length, making my prnvers, and rccomniending niv •.elfe to God in the name of lesu, I entred, and saw such sw.irines of dead bodies there, as no man would beleeue vnlcssc he were an eve wilnesse thereof. At the one side of the fore>.a\d valley vpon a certaine stone, 1 saw the visage of a man, which beheld me with such a terrible aspect, thai I thought verilv I should liaiio died in the same |d.ice. Hut alwayes this sentence, the word became (le^h, and dwelt amongst \s, I ceased not to pronounce, signing my selfe with the signc of the crosse, and neerer then seucn or eight jiase- 1 durst not approch vnio the s,ii(i head : but I departed tV- fled vnto another place in the sayd valley, ascending vp into a Utile saiule monntaine, where looking round about, I saw nothing but the savd citherns, which nu thought I heard miracnlousK sounding and playing by themselues without the heipe of mu- sicians. And being vpon the toppe of the mountaine, 1 fomul siluer there like the scales oi (ishes in great abuiulaiice: and I gathered some part thereof into mv bosome to shew for a wonder, but my conscience rebuking me, I cast it \ pon the earth, reserning no whit al all vnto my selfe, and so, by Gods grace I departed without danger. And when the men of the coini- trey knew that I was returned out of the valley aline, they reuerenced me much, sa\ in.; th:it 1 was b.iptised and holv, and that the foresavd bodies were men subiect vnto the deiiiU iiiiirnall, who vsed to play vpon citherns, to the end they might allure people to enter, and so muriher them. Thus much eonceriiing those things which I bei "'d most cerfainely with mine eye-. t frier Odoricus haue heere written : many strange things also I haiieof purpose omitted, be- cause men will not beleeue them \nlesse they should see them. Of the honour and reuerencc done vnto the great Can. I Will report one thing more, which I saw, coneerniiig the great Can. It is an vsuall itis- tomein those parts, that when the fors:ivd Can trancleth thorow anv conntrev, his siibiects kindle fires before tlieirdoores, casting spices thereinto to make a perfumi', that their lord pass- ing by may smell the sweet and delectable odours thereof,and much people come forth to meet him. And vpon a certaine time when he w;is commiiig towardes Cambalcth, the fame of his approch being published, a bishop of ours with certaine of our minorlte friers and my selfe went all fe< nil a I in of V'i\i 1 J»l Odoricug. (1 the city nominioiH lat l)v tlie lu" slicddi" ll)cm tliat arc Ixiiiiul c" vnclcanc ihfir (>otl. tlu'ir idols, laire: tlu-n I tlu-y iiiiiy liowhcit al • savd (ire lied in tin- vnio ashes, in fxprllcd tildes, w ,(> mollis, as it njj which I riucr, I saw arinoiiics of vallcv con- itreth, diilh ih cause ail fd to jjo ill, -(•He to Gcd man would 1 valley vpon • aspect, thai ce, the word (•He with the Mito liie said p into a little •US, which nic heipe (if niii- ihe scales ol to shew lor ;i hit al all v!il(. 1 ol the coiiii- I, sa\ in:; that i •iiiU inicrn:dl. id so iiiuriiier ill mine eyes. e (iiniticd, be- an vsiiall ciis- *', his siibiect>- iheir lord pass- L- forth lomeci he fainc of his j anil my scllc went Odoricus, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 173 went two dayes iourney to meet him ; and being come nigh vnto him, we put a crossevpon womi, I my sclfe hauing a censer in my hand, and began to sing with a loud voice: Veni creator spiritus. And as wc were singing on this wise, he caused vs to be called, command- ing vs to come vnto him : notwithstanding (as it is aboue mentioned) that no man dareap- proch within a stones cast of his chariot, vnlesse he be called, but such onely as kecpe his chariot. And when we came neere vnto him, he vailed his hat or bonet being of an inesti- mable price, doing rcuerence vnto the crossc. And imincdiatly I put incense into the cen- ser, and our bishop taking the censer perfumed him, and gauc him his benediction. More- ouer, ihcy that coinc before the sayd Can do alwaycs bring some oblation to present vnto him, obscruing the antient law : Thou shalt not appeare in my presence with an empty hand. And for thai cause we carried apples with vs, and oflcrcd them in a platter with rcuerence vnto him : and taking out two of them he did eat some part of one. And then he signified vnto vs, that wc should go apart, least the horses coinming on might in ought offend vs. With that we departed from him, and turned aside, going vnto certaine of his barons, which had bene conuerted to the faith by certaine friers of our order, being at the same time in his army : and we ollercd vnto ihem of the forcsavd apples, who receiued them at our hands with great iov, seeming vnto vs to be as glad, as if we had giuen them some great gift. All tiie i)remisses abouewriiten frier William dc Solanga hath putdowne in writing eucn a* the foresayd frier Odoricus vltercd them by word of mouth, in the yeere of our Lord \3',iO. in the moneth of May, and in the place of S, Anthony of Padua. Neither did he rigard to write them in dillicult l.atinc or in an eloquent stile, but euen as Odoricus hiinsclfe re- hearsed them, to the end that men might the more easily vndcrstand the things reported. I frier Odoricus of Triiili, of ,i 'crtainc territory called Portiis Vahonis, and of the order of the minoriles, do tcstilie and be.ire witnesse vnto the reuerend father <-"'dotus minister of the proiiiiicc of S, Anthony, in the marcpiesate of Treuiso (being by him required vpon mine obe- dience so to doe) that all llie premisses aboue written, eilher I saw with mine owiie eyes, or heard the same reported by credible and substantial! persons. The common report also of the countreycs where I was, testifieth those things, which I saw, to be true. Many other things I haiie omitted, because I beheld them not with mine owne eyes. Howbeil from day to day I purpose with my scKe to trauell countreyes or lands, in which action I dispose my- selle to die or to line, as it shall please my God. Of the death of frier (Xloricus. IN' the yecre therefore of our Lord IS.'Jl the foresayd frier Odoricus preparing himselfe for the perlorniaiice of his intended iourney, that his trauel and labour might be to greater purpose, he determined to present himselfe vnto Pope lohn the two and twentieth, whose lienedictioii and obedience being receiued, he with a certaine number of friers willing to beare him company, miuht conuey himselfe vnto all the countreves of infidels. And as he was traiielling towards the pope, and not farre distant from the city of Pisa, there meets him by the way a certaine olde man, in the habit and attire of a pilgrime, saluting him bv name, and saying: All haile frier Odoricus. And when the frier demaiinded how he liad knowledge of him : he answered : Whilest you were in India I knew you full well, yea, and I knew your h(dy jMirpose also : but see that you relume immediatly vnto the coiien from whence you came, for tenne dayes hence you shall depart out j,Jihr •li:-.'. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Matt. Goumcfi (Irre.i^rd in Chri.st, at mIuxjc prayorx (iod shewrd many and sundry miraclcfi, which I Giic- ti-liifi |)iibli(]uc notarir nl' \ \\\v.\, soiuir of M Damianiw de I'ortn Gruaro, at the commiindr- incnt und (lirrctioii of tlio liononihk- ConraduM of the liorough nrGamaldiui), and one of the (.'(uinrcll of Vtinn, liniir written :i till' I riiTK niiiiuriti-s : iiowbcit not of all, becnuM they are iniiumcrahle, and loodiHicult I'iir inc 1(1 write. The voyage of Malthrw (ionriiry, a ino'if valiant F,iij»li(ih Kni>;ht, aj^ainst tlic Moorc« of A1;;irr in H^rbaric and Spainc. M. Camden pag. I;V.>. N'Kc i.u'endtini M.ittlia'tim Ciournry in oppidn (juodam, Milf;ari lingua Siokc vnder Hamdcii in eoinit.itu Somerseti'iiHi ;ippellai\ sopultum Jiwe, viriim bellicot*i«)imuni rcKnantc Ed^.trdo tertio: (|ui D*i. statii anno diiin i>l>init, rum (vt ex iniirriptinnc vidrre liciiil) nbHidioni d' Alj;i.Bcnama/,in, Sclnsensi, Crcisiaco, Innenox, rictauiensi, k Nazaraiit) in Hi-|)ania diniicu^^'ct. The Mtne in English. IT i^liv no nioaiios to he pai'iod oner in silonrr, that Matthew Gourney, being a most va- liant warrioiir in llic rcignc of Edward the third, Iveth buried at a cerlaine townc, in the rountie oC Somerset, roninii>nl\ i ailed Stoke \nder liaimlen : who deceased in the UG. ycare of hit :i^e; and that (as it is niaiiirot by the inscription of his tnnntiment) alter he lud valiantly liehaned hiin^ell'e at tlu' >-ie^e nf Ali^izer against the Sara/ens, and at the battailcs of Bciiiinia- /,in, «r Sliue, of C'resjiie, of ln<;eni>s, of I'oiclou, and of Na/aran in Spainc. The cmnining of Eyon Kin>; of Armenia into England, in the yeerc IH86, and in the ninth yeerc of Hichard the >e(dnd, in trust to (inde some meaiies oi' peace or tjfiod asreetiuiit betwecnc the King of England and the French king. lohn Eroyssart lib, .'f cap. .j(i. Tllns ill abiiliiig for the Dnke of Herrie, and for the Constable, who were behind, then kin^ Lynn of Armenia, vtho was In Eranee, and had assigned him by the king, sixe lh(iu.sande Ihiiikcs bv the ycarc to maintaine his estate, tooke vpon him for a good intent to goe inii) I'liglaiul to speake with the kin^ tiiere and his Coimcell, to •see if he might linde any matter of peace to be li.id, Ixiweenc tlie two He.ilmes, England and France: And so he departed from his I dgitii,' ofS.iiiil .Mbevnc beside Saint Denice, alonely wiih his owne company, and with no great appareil. So he rode to lioloine, and there he tooke a shippe, and so sayled foorth till he ( aine to Doner ; and there he found the Earle of Cambridge, and the I'^rlc of Hiicking- ham, ami nioc then a hiindreth men o( amies, and a two thousand Archers, who lay there to keepr that pa>^:\gc, for the brute ran, that the Frenchmen should lande there oral Sandwich, and the kinj; l.i) at London, and parted' his C.iunccil with him, and d;''!. heanl tydings from all the I'ortes of England. When the king of Armenia was arriiied . ''oner, he had there j^ood clieere, because he was a stranger, and so he came to the kings vml? liiere, who .sweetly recciued him, iind at a time connenienl, they demaiinded of him from v. Iicnce he came and whither he would. The king answered and savd, that in trn>.tof goodnesse he was come thi- ther to see tlie king of lingland, and his Councell. to treate of peace betwecnc England and France, I'orhesaiiic that bethought the warrcwas not nieele: fi.rhe sayd, by reason ofwarre betweene these two Healmes, wiiich haih imhired so long, the Saracens, lewes & Turkes arc waNCil proiide, fcr there is none that make them anv warre, and by occasicm therctif I haue lo«t my I iiul and Ucalmc, and am not like to recoucr them againe without there were Wrnie peace in ail Chrisfendome : eV I would gl.iilly shew the matter that touchcthall Chrislendoine to the kill!:; of England, and to his Councell, as I haue done to the French king. Then the kings \'ni losdemaundcd of him if the French king sent him thither or no; he answered and -ayd, no: there is no man that sent mce, but I am come hither by mine owne mulioii to see if the king of llnglan 1 & his Councel would any thing leane to any treaty of peace, then was he dcmaundcd where the French king was, he answered I belecuc he be at Slucc, I sawc not him I ' , ' *'.'' Gournci/ lirh I Guc- :flinmanclc- one of thr pie ihercof loo diflicull Aoorc* ler Ilamdcii re tJ*».iriiw I) nbHidioni ctauiensi, tc jj a most sii- II the coiintif ycjrc of Wit U(l valiantly 8 of Uciiitnu- and ill ' peace 5. lohn boliiiid, tlicn \c ihounande t to goc inti) le any matter jcpartcd frcin my, and wiili say led foorili le (if Biu kiiiR- I lay there to rat Sandwich, lydings from he had there ;, who sweetly i> he came and wan ciimc thi- ; England and cason of warre & Tiirkes are thereof 1 hane re were firiiie Chrisieiidoiin" ijr. Then the ! answered and lotion to see ii cace, then was itc, I sawe not him Hie K. of Ann. TRAFFIQUES. AND DBCOUERIES. ili} him sithcncc I tooke my leaiie of him at Senlize. Then he was dematinded, howe he could make any ircafic of peace, and had no charge so to doe, and Sir, if yee be conueycd to the King our Nephew and to his Connscll, and the French king in the ineane season enter with his puissance into England ; vee may happe thereby to receiue great blame, and yourpenion to be in great ieoperdy with them of the Countrey. Then the King answered and said, I am in suretie of the French king, for I hauesent to him, desiring him till 1 rcturne againe, not to remoue from Since, and ! repute him so noble and so well aduised, that he will graunt my desire, and that hee will not enter into the sea, till 1 come againe to him. Wherefore, sirs, 'l pray you in the instance of loue and peace, to conuey me to spcakc with the King, for I de- sire greatly to see him : or else yee that be his Vnclc«, if ye haue authoritie, to giue me an- swere to all my demaunds. Then the Earle of Buckingham sayd, syr king of Armenia, we be ordayned hereto keepc and defend this patwrge, and the frontiers of England, by the King and his Counsell, and wee haue no chaise to meddle any further with the businesse of the Realme, without we be otherwise commanded by the King. But sith ye be come for a good intent into this Counirey, ye be right welcome; but sir, as for any (irme answere ye can haue none of vs, for as now we be not of the Councell, bur wc shall conuey you to the king without pcrill or danger. The king thanked them, and said: I desire nothing else but to see the king and tospeakc with him. How the King of Armenia returned out of England, and of the nnswcrc that was made to him. WHen the king of Armenia wa< refreshed at Doner a day, and had spoken with the kings ViicliN .If good leasurc, then he departed towards London, with a good conduct that the Lord« .ippointed to him, for feare of any recounters: so long he rode that he came to London, and in his ryding through London he was well regarded, because he was a stranger, and he had good theare made him, and so Wiis brought to the king, who lay at the Roy.iU at the Quecnes wardrobe, and his Councell were in London at their lodgings: The Londoners were sore for- tefying of their citie. When the comming of the king of Armenia was knowen, the kings Councell drew to the King to heare what tydings the King brought in that troublous season: Wiien the king of Armenia was come into the kings presence, he made his salutation and then beganne his processe to the states, how he was come out of France principally to see the king of England who he had ncuer seme before, ik said, how he was right ioyous to be in his presence, trusting that some goodnMse might come thereby. And there he shewed by his woi-ds, that to withstande the great pestilence that was likely to be in England ; therefore he was come of his ownc goia!it words the king of .\rmenia spake to the king of England, and to his Coun- sell, then he was shortly answered thus: Syr king, ye be welcome into this Realme, for the king our Soueraigne loni, and all we are glad to see you here, but sir, we say that the king hath not here all his Councell, but shortly they shall be here, and then ye shall be answered. The king of Armenia was content therewith, and so returned to his Imlging. Within foure dayes after the king was counselled (and 1 thinke he had sent to his Vncles to know their intents, but they were not present at the answere giuing) to goe to the pallace at Westminster and his Councell with him, such as were about him, and to send for the king of Armenia to come thither. .And when he was come into the presence of the king of England and his Councell, the king sate downe, and the king of Armenia by him, and then the Prelates and other of his Councell. There the king of Armenia rehearsed .njjaine his requestes that he made, and also shewed wisely how all Christendomc was .sore decayed and fieblished by oc- casion of the warres betweene England and France. And how that all the knights and Squires of both Realmes entended nothing else, but alwayes to be on the one part or of the other : whereby the Empire of Coivstantinnple leeseth, aiid is like to leesc; for before this warre the Knights and Squires were wont to aduenture themselues. And also the king of Armenia shewed that by occasion of this warre he had lost his Realme of Armenia, therefore he de- sired i:r. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, lIoH. E. of Derbii. \i I \\ ,Uf '\ J • ei ' •! >! >irpil for C((hU Kikc that there m\^\ \w some treaty of peace had bctweene the two Rcahius KmjjImiuI :iiuI I'ranrr. To tlirsc wordes answered the ArchbUhop of Canterburie, (or he had iliarsje so to doe; And hes.iyd, Sir kin^ of Armenia, it is not the manner nor neuer waw scene bi'lweene two such enemies as the kinj; of England and the French kinjf, that the King mv Soiioriinne h)rde slmiild be required of peace, and he to enter his land with a puissant army, wherefore --ir, wc sav toyoii, that it it please you, ye may returne to the French kinjj, and (•nn>e him anil ;dl his puissance to relume l)acke into their owne countreys, And when euery man beat home, tl\cn if it please you ye may returne againe hither, and then we shall glaJIv intende to vour trealie. This wwi all the answere the kinj; of Armenia could pet there, and so he dined with th«' kin.<> of I'.nxland, and had .1« ^reat honour as could beedeuised, and the kin^ oll'ered him m.v nv ureal ijifts of ^oldc and >iiluer, but he would take none though he had needc thereof, bui nloneU a rin;; to the Naluc nl a hinidrelh Frankes. After dinner he tooke his leaue and return- ed vnlii his lodcin;;, and the next day departed, and was two days at Doner, and there he tooke his leaue of such lords as were there, and so tooke the sea in a passajrcr, and arriued at (,'alais and from thence \\ent to Since, and there he spake with the French kin<,' aiul with hik \nclcs, and shewed them how he had bene in Fn)>land, and what answere he had : the I'renrh kiuij and his X'ndes tooke no renard of his sayin;i, but sent him backe ajiaine into I'rinre, for their lull intention w.is lo enter into Fn<;land as soone as thev mi){ht haue winde and weallur, and the Duke of Herrie and the Constable came to them: The winde wa> sore contrary to them, for therewith they could neucr enter into Fngland but the winde was i,'0(kI to poe into Scotland. The voyage ofllciirie Karle of Derbie, after Duke of Hereford, and lastly Henry the fourth kinj; of Ivn^iland, to Tiniis in Harbarie, with an army of Fni;li«hiiien written by I'olidore Virj;ill. paj;. I,'{8!(. FKanci interim per inducias nacli otium, ac .simul Getiiiensium precibiis def.itigati, bellut'. in Afnx, cjui omnem orain insul.'i-i(]ue Italia; latrocinijs infestas reddebant, suscipiunt, Ilith- ardu-> quoipie rex An^li^e ropaius auxilium, miitit ilenricinn coinitem Derbiensein cum electa Anpiic.T pubis manu ad id belhnn faciendum. Ij^itur Franci Anglique viribus & ani- niis consociatis in Africa traijciuiii, qui \bi littus attiperc, eatenus a liarbaris descesione pro- bibiti sunt, (|Uoad Ani;lonnn sagittariorum virtutc factum est, vt adiius paleret: in terram ej-ressi recta Tunelam vrbem rej;iam petunt, ac obsident. Barbari tiinore all'ectide pace ad cos le;:atos mittuni, quam nostrls dare plarnit, vt soluta rerta pecunin* summa ab omni deinceps Ilaliie, (ialli.eqne ora manus absiinerent. Ita peracti>t rebus post paucos menses, quAm eo itiui) erat, domuin repediatum est. Tho same in English. Tile French in the meane se.isnn hauing gotten some leasiire by meanes of their truce, and being sollitiied and \rged by the intreaties of the Cicnur)is \ndertooke towage warre against (he Moores, wlio robbed and s|)oyled all the coasts rd' Italy, and of the llandes adiacenl. Likewise Richard the second, king of England, being sued \ nto for ayde, sent Henry the Karle "I Derbie with a choice armie of English souldiers vnto the same warfare. Wherefore the Ijiglish and French, with forces and mindes vniled, sayled oner into Africa, who when thev approrhed \nto the shore were repelled bv the IJarbarians from landing, vntill such time as tliey had passage made them by the \alour of the English archers. Thus liauing landed their forces, iliey foorlhwiih marched vnto the royall citie of Tunis, and besieged it. H'hereat the Barbarians being dismayed, sent Ambass.idour- vnto our Christian Chieftaines to treat of peace, which our men graunled vnto them, vpon condition that they should pay a certaine sunime of money, and that they should from thenrefoorfh abstaine from piracies \|)on all the coasts of Italy and France And so hauing dispatched their busincsse, within a fcwc inonclhs after their departure they returned home, Thi.^ Joh. Hawkwood. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEItlES. m Thi!) Iliiitoric in somewhat othrrwiKC rrrorded by Fmyiard and Holenshed in man- ner Cdllowing, png 473. IN flic ihirtociith ycerc of the rcisne of king Kii iicird the *crond, the Christians tooke in hand s imiriiey ajfaiiisi the Saracens of Harburie throujih ante of the CJenouois, <(o that there went a jjroal miml)cr oI'Lordn, KniHhf'*, and Gentlemen of France and England, the Duke ofBurbon bcinj; ilieir (Ji-nrrall. Out of England there went lohn de Beaufort bastarde sonne to the Duke of Lantanlcr (at Froytard hath nolfininii: of the foureteenlh yere of this kings reigne the whole army being embarked, sailed forth to the (d.ist ofBarhary, where neere to the city of Africa they landed: at which instant the Kni;li^h archers (as the Chronicles of Genoa write) stood all the company Th« chromtU- in j;ood stead with their hnij; bowcs, beating backe the enemies from the shore, which came " "*' downe to resist their landing. After they had got to land, they inuironed the city of Africa (called by the Moores Mahdia) with a strong siege: but at length, constrained with the in- leinperancy of the scalding ayre in that hot countrey, breeding in the army sundry di.sea4es, they fell to a composition vpon cerlaine articles to be performed in the behalfe of the Sara- cens: and so (>1 dayes after their arriuall there they tooke the seasagaine, and riturned home, as in the histories of France and Genoa is likewise expressed. Where, by Folidore Virgil it may secme, lliat (lie lord Henry of Lancaster earle of Derbie should be general! of the Englith men, that (as before you heard) went into Barbary with the French men and Gcnouois. The memorable vi( tories in diners parts of Italie of lohn Hawkwood English man in the reigne of Richard the second, briefly recorded by M. Camden, pag. 339. AD alteram ripam fliniij Colne oppositus est Sibbic Heningham, locus natalis, vt accepi, lo- annis Hawkwoodi (liali Aucuthum corrupte vocant) cjuem illi (antnpere ob virtutem milita- rem suspexerunt, vt Senatus Florentinus propter insignia merita equestri statua & tumuli honore in eximi.v fortitudinis, tideiquc testimonium ornauit. Res eius gestas Itali pleno ore predicant; Et I'aulus louius in elogijs (clebrat: sat mihi sit lulij Feroldi tetrastichon adijcere. Ilawkwoode Anglorum decus, &; decus addite genti Italica-, Italico presiditimq; .solo, Vt tumuli quondam Florentia, sic simulachri Virtutem louius donat honore tuam. William Thomas in his ilistorie of the common wealthes of Italy, makcth honorable mention of him twi.se, to wit, in the commonwealth of Florentia and Fcrrara. The voyage of the Lord lohn of Holland, F.arle of Huntington, brother by the mo- thers side to King Richard the second, to lerusalem and Saint Katherins mount. The Lord lohn of Holland, Karle of Huntington, was as then on his way to lerusalem, and 'iu- to Saint Kaiherins mount, and purposed to returne by the Realme of Ilungarie. For as he ''"''"'" passed through France (where he had great cheere of the King, and of his brother and vn- ( les) hee heard how the king of Hungary and the great Turke should haue battell together: therefore he thought surely to be at that iourney. Thevoiage of Thomas lordMoubray duke ofNorfolke to lerusalem, in theyeereof our Lord 1399. written by Holinshed, pag. 1233. THomas lord Moubray, second sonneofKlizabeth Segraue and lohn lonl Moubray herhuii>- band, was aduanccd to the dukedome of Norfoike in the Ml. yeere of ^ reigne of llichard the the 2. Shortly after which, hee was appealed by Henry earle of Bullingbroke of treason ; and caricd to the castle of Windsore, where he was strongly & safely garded, hnuing a time of combate granted to determine the cause betweenc the two dukes, the IG. day of September, vol,. II, A a in ■' 'h i» r m .( ' I ''^'J! md 178 VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, llftirff the 4. 1)1 i '' 'I? t'<< II < Ki Tkemii WjU uniham. OfdrT tikfn for buitdinjl of ihi|)| and (illiet. i / in the 22. nr tlic itayd kin^, hv'ww, thr yrcrc of our rc(I(>in|itir)n l:i9S. But in the end the mat- ter wa('nsis hospiiij sui >ohi('ns, it euin rcMpiiicns tanto fasil^in (h)nalitiis. F.t paiili') post: Mis auditis ninioribus, Imperator hi.'tior reccssit nb Anglis, honn- ratiiit I'l rege doiiarijs preiiosi*. The same in English. AHout the same time the emperor of Consianlinoplc came into ICngl.iml, to seeke aydc against the Tnrkes; whom ^ king ;u('oinp;Miieil with liis nol)ililJe, nicl witliall vpun Ulai k- healh \piin the day of .saint Thomas the Apusllo, and receined him a-, beseemed ■<<> gre.ii a prinee, and brought him to London, .uid roiallv entertained him for a long «easire( ions gift*. The Voiage of the l>ishop of Winchester to leriisah'm, in the sixt veere of tlie reigne of Henry the lift, which was the yeere of our Lord, l-il7. Thomas Walsing. VLtimo die mensis Octobris, cpiscopus Winloniensis accessit aiiig of the I'ope determined lo take his iournry to lerusalem: where his elotpient perswasion so inncli preuailed, th i he both perswailed \n\ lords the ("ardinais to vniiy and concord, and also moued them to proi eed more speedily to the elei- tion of the I'opc. A preparation of a voyage of King Henrie the fourth to the Holy land agaiii'^t the infidels in tlie vcre I4L'J, ijting the Livt yere ol his reigne: > herein he was preiientrd by death: written by VValsingham, Fabian, I'olyilre \ irgile, and Holenshed. IK this fourctccnth and last vere of king Henries reigne a coiuKell was holden in tin White friers in London, at the which among other things, order wa-. taken for shi|)s and gal- lies to be builded and made ready, and all other things necessary to be prouidcd for a \oy- age, which he meant to make into the Hdy land, t!iere to rccouer the city ol Icru'-alem Iroin the infidels: for ii grimed him to consider the great malice of Christian princes, tliat w( rr bent vpon a mischieuous purpose to destroy one another, to the perill of their owne Koiile*. rather then to make warre agiiist the enemies of the Christian faith, as in conscience, if seemed to him, thcv were bound. We finde, sayelh Fabi:ni in his Chroniile, that he wa- taken with his last sickenes,se, while he was making his prayers at S.iinI Edwards shrine, there as it were, to take his Icaue, and so to proceede fourth on his iourney. He was so suddenly and gricuously taken, that such as were about him feared least he would hauc died pre- sents : The lime of IVwden, TRAFFrQUES, AND DISCOUERIRS Krntly: whcrrrorr lo rrliciic him, if it were poHitible, they bare him into u chamber that wan lU'xi at hand, l)i'l(in>;irix to the Abbot of We^fminnter, where they lay.rd all remedies to reuiiie him. At leM«th he recoiiercd hit iipccch, and perreiuinn hiinsdlp in a Ktran^e plare which he knew mt, he willed to knowe if the rh.imber liad niiy p.irliriil.ir name, whereunto aimwerc wan made, th.it it wan called leru- naiem. Then -.lyde (he kin^, l.aiides be ninen lo the father of heanen : for now I knowe that 1 Mh.ill die iicre in iliit chamber, attordnij( lo the prophenie of mce decbred, that I Mhuuld depart thin life in lerwalem. Of thin intended vriyaj{e Polydore Vir>!ile writeth in manner following: I'O'tt lia-i llenri< UM Hex memor nihil homini debere e<««r antiqiiiiiM, cpclm ad offirium Iiih- tititf, (pile ad hominiiin Milil.iiem perlinel, omnc Niiiim Niudiiim conferre, protiniH omi«iio ( iulli bello, (pin piulebai videre ( liri»lianoi omiii tempore turpit^r occiipari, de republics Anxlica bene giibernanda, de bello in h(i<«le>t communes humendo, de HieriKtnlymis laiuleni ali(|iiaMd<> rci i|>ien(lis pliira (let usiiamcd to see, how ChriiliaiiH at all timc!* were dishonourably busied) enlcTcd into n more deepe cunsideration of well goiierning his Healme of England, of waging warre against ilic common enemie, and of recouering, in procesiie tif time, the eitie of lerusalem, yea, and was proiiiding a nauie for the name purpose, whenas in the very mid-it of tliis his heroicall actiim and enterprise, he was surprised with death: for falling into a sudden disease, he could not be cured bv any kinde of physicke. He deceased at Westminster in the 4(» ycare of his age, which was in the yeerc of our Lord, 14l.i A briefe relation of the siege and taking of the Ciiie of Rhodes, by Sultan Soli- man the great Turke, translated out ol French into English at the motion of the Reueren(l Lord Thomas Dockwray, great Prior of the order of lerusalem in En- gland, in the yeere, ir>a4, Willing faithfully to write and reduce in veritie Ilisioriall, the great siege, cruel oppng- nation, and piteous taking of the noble and renowmed ciiie of Rhodes, the key of Christcn- donie, the hope of many pooie t'lirislian men, wilhholden in Turkic to saue and kecpe them in their faith: the re>t and yeerely solace of noble pilgrimcs of the holy sepulchre of lesu Christ and other holy places: the refuge and refreshing of all Christian people: hauing course of marchandise in the parlies of I.euani, I promise to all (^states that shall see this present booke, that I haue left nothing for fcare of any person, nor preferred it for faunur. And first 1 shall shewe the occasions that inoued this cruell bloodshedder, enemie of our holy Christian faith, SuUan Soliman, now l)eing great Turke, to come with a great hoste by sea and by lande, to besiege and .issayle the space of sixe moneths, night and dav, the noble and raightic citie of Rhodes, fhe yere of the incarnation of our Lord Icsu Christ, I55>*i. The occasions why the great Turke came to besiege the Citie of Rhodes, THe first and principall cause was that he did consider and sawe by experience, that there was none other Towiic nor place in Leuant that warred against him nor kept him in doubt, but this poore rockc of Rhodes. And hearing that continuall complaintci of his subiectes as A a 2 well 179 , I U It •ri ' ■*, |I4.J M ' . * all ' IW VOYACES, NAUIGATIONR, The loxse of Rhodes. well or Syria, as of Turkic, for the «lonia<;cs and prises dayly done of their bodies and goods by Christian men of warre receiiicd into Rhodes: And also of the shippes and gaiiie* ol' the religion, he tooke conclusion in hiinsclfe. that if he might pnt the saydo Townc in his power and subiection, that then he should be peareable lord of all the parties of Leiiant, and that his Subiccts should complaine no more to him. The second, that he might followe the doiiijjs of his nol)le ])rodcressnurs, nnd shewe him- selfe very heire of the mightie and virlnrious lord Sultan Selim his rather, willinf; to put in execution the enterprise by him left the yecrr unv ilunisand line lumdrcd iweiiiie and one. The which Sclim the groat Tiirke put in all redincssc his arniie to the luiniber of throe hun- dreth saylos purposini; for to send them against Rhcxles, if morialiiie had not happened in his host, and he afterwarde by the will of our lorde was surprised and taken with death; wherefore he being in the latter ende of his dayes, (as some Turles and false christian men that were at this siege shewed me) did charge by h's testanifut, or rau>cd to charge his Honne now being great Turke, that after his death hee should make his two lirst entorpji-es, the one against Bellegrado in Ilungario, and the other agninst Hhodr^, for to get him ho- nour, and to set his Countries and subiectes in re-t and surctio, The wliich fatherly motion easilie entered into him and was imprinted in the heart and yoong will of the sn\de SoK- man, his sonne, the which soone alter the death of h" . father put in ellirt the tirst enter- prise, and raised an huge hoste both by water and oy land, and went hitn>^el('o in j»erson Tht taking of against Bellegrado, a right strong place in Ilinigarie. And after that hee had besieged it the *''*'"''' space of two moneths or thereabout, for fault of ordinaiue and viiailes, it wa-" \ecldod to hirti by cori'v^osition the eight day of September, in the yeere of our lord, oiu- thousand line hundred tv^^-ntie and one. The sayd Scdyman hauing this victory, being >wollen and r.iiscd in pride ;iud vaineplory, turned his heart agaynst Rhodes. Neucrthelesse, lie not ignorant of the strength of it, and considering the qualities of the people that were wiihin it, of whom he should be well roceiuod as his predecossours had bene aforeiime-;, doubted much, and knew not how to furnish his enterprise. For his capitaines and Rashas turned him from it as much as they might bv many reasons, they knowing the force of it, saue onelv Mu-tola Basha his brother in lawe, the which councelled and put him in minde to goe thither. Fi- nallv, hee purposed entirely to haue it by treason or bv fore. And also fop the same cause Forrtn physi- and purpose, his father in hU dayes had sent a lewe |)hysi('inn into Rhodes as a spie, to haiu •po^tViiTimti. ''!•■ better knowledge of it; the sayd Solyman was informed that he was there yet, wherfon he sent him worde that he should abide there still for the same cause. And gaue in charge to one of the chiefo men in Sio, to send vnto the sayd lowe all things needefidl to main- taine him. y\nd the same lewe wrote to him of Sio, vnder priuie wordes, all that w ix done in Rhmles to giue knowledge thereof to the great Turke: and the better to hide his treason, the sayde lewe made himselfe to bee bapti'^cd. And to bee the more named to be expert in Physike, he did some fiire cures to such a-; were diseased, whereby he began to bee well trusted, and came in fauiur with mauv sulistantiall folkes of the tow le. Amoni; all other things whereof hee .adneriisod the great Turke, one w.is of a will th.it w.i- taken downe for to be new biiilded at the bulwarke of Auuergiie, cerrif\iiig him that if hee came hastely with his hoste, hee might e.asilie and at vnawares siiriirise the towne in such estate as it was at that time. Many other adiiertisements aii IIMCI, • M. llie losse of Rhodes. TRAFFIQUER, AND DISCOUERIES. 181 And here it is manifestly to bee vnderetood of all men, that after the death of the noble and right prudent lord, Fabrice of Cacetto, great master of Rhodes, the sayd Sir Andrew inflamed with ambition and couetoiisnesse to bee great master, and seeing himselfe deceiued of his hope, by the flection made the two and twentieth day of laniiary, of the right reiie- rcnd and iHustrafc lord, Philip de Villiers Lislcadam, before him : from that time hec tooke Philip dtViiii«r so great eniiie and desperation, cnmitie and ciiil will, not onely against the sayde lord, but ''"' """"• against all the holy religion, that hee set all his studie and purpose, to betray and sell his re- ligion and the rific of HhofleH to the cursed misbeleeuers, forgetting the great honours and goodncsse that hee hath had of the religion, and hoped to receiue, with many other parti- cular pleasures that the sayd lord master had done to him. But the deuiil, vnkindnesse, and wickcdncsse had so blinded the eyes of his thought, that hee in no wise could refrainc him, but at euery purpose that was spoken afore him, hec was short and might not dissemble. And one day among other hee sayde before many knights, that hec would that his soule were at the deuiil, and that Rhodes and the religion were lost. And many other fooli.sh and dis- honest purposes nd wordes hoc vttered, whereat none looke heed, nor thought that hee had the courage to doc t!iat thing that hee hath done. Howbeif, obstinate as Iiidas, hee put in execution his cursed will : for soone after that the tidings of the election was sent Westward to the sayde noble lord, the sayd de Merall did send a Turke prisoner of his to Constanti- nople, viKJcr shado\>e to fetch his ransome. By whom hee aduertised the great Turke and hi* counsell, of the maner and degree of Rhodes, and in what state and condicion the towne was in of all niancr of tilings at that time, and what might happen of it, prouoking and stir- ring him to come with a great hoste to besiege the towne. And after tiic comming of the sayd reuerend lord great master, he gaue other adui.sc to the great Turke, shewing him that hee could neucr hauc better time to come, seeing that the great master was new come, and part of the wall taken downe, and that all Rhodes was in trouble by occasion of some ilalian knights, rebels agaynst the lord great master: of the which rebellion he was causer, the better to bring his cursed mind to passe : and also gaue the sayde great Turke knowledge that all Christian princes were busie, warring each vpon other, and that he should not donbt but if the rebellion lasted among them, the towne should be his without faile, as it is seene by experience. And for lackc of succours of euery part, and especially of such as might easily hauc holpen vs bcyng our neighbours, with their gallies and men of warre, wherefore it is now in the handes of the enemies of the christian faith. The which monitions and rca.sons of the false traitor being vnderstood and pondered l)y the great Turke and his counsell, it was consi- dered iif them not to loose so goo| I J ■A f 1, i>l *»( ** }■ , ISfl VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The lois» of Rhodes. Sir loll, Dourgh thr F.nglitli I'urcopllcr. eo Khodcs, of all that was sayd and done in Turkic. Neiierthelessc, the sayd lord gaiie no great credence to all that was brought and told, because that many yecres before, the prcdc- cessours of the great Turkc had made great armies : and alway it was sayd that they went to Rhodes, the which came to none cffirct. And it was holdcn for a mocke and a by-word in many places, that the Turkc would goc to besiege Rhodes. And for this re.rson doubt was had of this last armic, and some thought that it should hauc gone into Cyprus or to Cataro, a land of the lordship of \'cnicc. Howbeit the great master not willing to bee taken vnwarily, but the meane while as carefull and diligent for the wealth of his towne, & his people, vn- derstanding these tidings of the Turkcs armic, did all his diligence to repaire and strengthen the townc. Amongst all other things to build vp, and raise the buKvarke of Auuergne, and to cleanse and make deeper the ditches. And the more to cause the workcmen to haste them in their businesse, the sayd lord oucrsawe them twise or thrise euery day. How the lord great iiKWtcr counselled with the lordes for pruuision for the townc. THen the -^ayd reuercnd lord thought to furnish and store the townc with more vilailcs for the sustenance thereof, and for the same many times hee spake with the lordes that had the handling and rule of the treasurie, and of the expenses thereof in his absence, and since his coniMiing: Tliat is to wit, with the great Commander Gabriel dc pommerolles, lieutenant of the sayd lord : Tlie Turcoplier Sir lohn Bourgh of the English nation : and the Chanccllcr Sir Andrew de .\Ieral, of whom is spoken afore, and of his vntruth agaynst his religion. The which three lordes sayd, that hee should take no thought for it, for the townc was well storeil with vitailes for a great while, and that there w.xs whcatc ynough till new came in : Notwith- standing it were good to baue more, or the siege were laied afore the towne, and therefore it were beliooucrull to send for whcatc and other necessaries into the West for succours of the towne, and at that liuK' to puruey for cuery thing. Of the prouision for vitailes and ordinance of warre. A.S touching the store and ordinance of warre, the sayd lordes affirmed that there was ynough for a veere and more, whereof the contrary was found, for it failed a moneth or the cilie was veelded. It is of truclh thai there was grcit store, and to haue lasted longer then it did. But it was needful to spend l.irgely at the first comming of the enemies to kee|)c them from comming necre, and from bringing earth to the ditches sides as they did. And niorcoucr you arc to consider the great numl)er of them, and their power that wa* spred round about the towne, giuing \s so many assaults and skirmishes in so many places as they did. and by the space of sixe whole moneths dav and night ass;iilii,g vs, that much ordinance and store was wasted to withstand them in all points. And if it failed, it was no maruell. Howbeit the noble lord great master pronided speedily for it, aiul sent Hrigantines to Lango, to the castle of saint Peter, and to the castcls of his isle reracious and I.vndo, for to bring powder and saltpeter to >trength the towne, but it sull'ned nut. And for to s|)e:ike of the purueianee of \ italics, it w.as aduised by the lord great master and his three Inrds, that it w.is time to send some sliips for wheat to places thereabout, be- fire the Turks hosie were come thither. And fur this purpose was appointed a ship named the G.illienge, whose captainc hight IJramboiK, otherwise called Wolfe, of the .Mmaine na- tion, an expert man of the sea, the whi( h made so good diligence, that wiihin a moneth lie jjcrforined his xoiage, and brought good store of wheat front Naples and Romania, whidi did \s great ( oiniort. How a Brigantine was sent to Candle for wine, and of diuers ships that came to lielpe the towne. .\Kier this, a motion was in;ide to make prouision of wine for the towne, fur the men (jf Caiulie durst not saile for to bring wine to Rhodes as they were woont to doe for feare of the Turkes hoste : and also they of the towne would send no ship into Candie, fearing to be taken and enclosed with the sayd hoste by the way. Howbeit some merchants of the towne, were Rhodes. gaiie no he prede- y went to y-word in doubt was Cataro, a vnwarily, eoplc, vn- strengthcn ergne, and haste them iwne. vitailcs for hat had (he nd since his cutcnant ol' ChancclIcT :ligion. Thf well stored 'The lone of Rhodes. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 183 Notwiili- nd therefore succours of lat there wan onelh or the 1 longer then lies to keej>c •y did. And lat was sprcd |)laces as thoy iich ordinanre IS no tnariiell. nes to Lmgd, ', for to brini; I great master lereaboiit, bc- a >is person and folkes, whose good and lowable will I leaue to the consi- deration of the readers of this present booke. For hee being purposed to haue had his wines to Constantinople, or he was enformed of the bnsines of Rhodes, and was in the porte du Castell in Candie, would not bearc his vitailes to the enemies of the faith, but came out and returned his way toward Rhodes, forgetting all particular profite and aduantage. He being arriucil at Rhodes, dispatched and sold his wine, which was a great encrease and comfort for the towne. And when he had so done, he presented his person, his ship, and his folkc, to the reuerend great master, the which retained him, and set him in wages of the Religion, And during the siege, the sayd capitaine behaued him woorthily in his person, and put him- selfe in such places as woorthy men ought to be, spending his goods largely without demand- ing anypaiment or recompense for his doing, of the Religion. IIow the tome was shornc downe halfe ripe and brought into the towne for feare of the Turkes hoste. DVring these things, the reuerend lord great master carefull and busie to haue euery thing necessary, as men and other strengths, sent vessels railed brigantines, for to cause the wait- ers of the sea to come vnto Rhodes for the keeping and fortifying of the towne, the which at the first sending came and presented their persons and .ships to the seruice of the religion. Alter that the sayd lord caused to shere downe the Rie of his isle, and caused it to bee Hjru«i in brought into the towne. which was done in Aprill : and then in May in some places, he made '^p"'"'' ^'^' to shere the wheate halfe ripe, howbeit the most part was left in the fields, because the Turkes hoste was Cimie out of the streights of Constantinople. And doubting that any num- lier of .ships should come before to lake the people of the sayd Isle vnawares, the sayd lord made them to leauc shering of wheate, and caused the people of the furthest part of the Isle to come into the townc. While that the great master prouided for all things after the course of time and tidings that hee had, there arriucd a Carak of Genoa laden with spicerie from .Alexandria, the which pass- ed before the port of Rhodes the eight day of Aprill, and rid at anker at the Fos.se, 7. or 8. miles from the towne, for to know and heare tidings of the Turkish hoste. Then tlie lord willing to furnish him with people as most behooiiefull for the towne, sent a knight of Pro- uence named sir Anastase de sanrta Camilla, commander de la Tronquiere to the captaine of the Carak, praying him to come into the haiien with his ship for the defence of the towne, profering him what he would, assuring him his ship. The captaine excused him, saying, that the merchandise was not his owne, but belonged to diners merchants to whom he must yeeld account. Howbeit at the last alter tnaiiy wonls and promises to him made, hee (ame into the hauen, the which captaine was named messire Domingo de Fournati, and hee in his person behaued him valiauntly in the time of the savd siege. How i: t H *iv !t(> J \M VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The loase of Rhodes. 'it 't t Vj.!! flow the great nu.sior caused gcncrall mustera to be made, and sent a vessell to the Tiirkcs nnuic, of whom he receiiicd a letter. AFter the moneth of April the lord master seeing that the Turkes hostc drew neere, and ihat he had the most part of the wafters within the townc, he caused generall musters of men of :irmes to be made. And bcjran at the knights, the which vpon holy Hood day in May made their musters before the Conimis>ioiicrs ordained by the sayd lord in places deputed to each of them called Auibcrge. The which Commissioners made report to the lordes that they had found flic knights in yood order of harncsse & other things necessary for warre, & their araic laire i: proper, with crosses on them. When the muster of the knights was done, the lord master thought to make the musters of them of the towne, and strangers together : but his wisedonic perceiucd that li.irme should come thereby, rather then good, doubting that the number of people shouKl not bee so great as he would, or needed to haue, whereof the great Turke migiit hauc knowledge by goers and commers into Rhodes, and therefore he caused them of the towne to make their musters scuerall by bandes and companies, and the stran- gers also by themsehies, to the end that the inimbcr should not bee knowen, notwithstand- ing that there was good qnantiiie of gotxl men and well willing to defend themsclues. And tiie more to hearten and giuethcm courage and good will, some knights of the Crosse, decked their men with colours and deuiscs, and tooke with them men of the towne and strangers, and with great nnyseof trumpets and timbrels, they made many musters, as enuying each other which .should kcepe best aray and order, and haue the fairest company. It was a great pleasure to sec them all so well agree, and so well willing. The number of the men of the townc amounted and wtre esteemed, three or foure thou- sand, beside men of the villages, that might be 1500. or20i'0. The eight day of the same moneth, the Turkes hearing of those tidings, made a fire for a token in a place called le Fisco, in the maino land right against Rhodes. And cerlainc dayes afore they had made anotiicr, that is to weet, when the ship of a knight named Menetow went thither, and had with him the clarke of the gallies named h-ques truchman, the which vnder shadow to spcakc with him, was withholden of the Turkes. For the great Turke had C(mi- manticil to take him or some other man of the Rhodes to h.;>'e perfect knowledge in what estate the towne was then in euery thing. .\nd they of the towne v.eri'.iT'c that the second fire was for to deliuer laques, the reiierend lord great master sent one of his galhasses, ».'hose patron wa^ called messire Boniface of Prouence, to know the cause thereof And when hee arriued at the sayd place of ic Fisco, he demaunded of the Turkes wherefore they had made the token of fire. And they said that it was because their lord had sent a letter to the great master, but as yet it was not come, and desired him to farv till it were brought. The patron as warie & wise in the busincsse of the sea, thought in hiniselfe that the Turkes made such prolonging to some euill intent, or to sur|)rise his vessell l)eing alone, wherefore hee bade them gine him the letter speedily, or els he would goe his wav, and neither tary for letter nor other thing: and told tiiem of the euill and dishonest deed that they had done the daves afore, to withhold the clarke vnder their wonis and safeconduct : and therewith he turned his galiiisse to hauc gone away. The Turkes seeing that, gaue him the letter, the which he tooke, and when he was arriued at Rhodes, he presented it to the lord great master, which asscnil)led the lordes of his counscll, and made it to be red : The tenor wliereof was such as foloweth. Tlic copie of the letter that the great Turke sent to the lord great master, and to the people of the Rhodes. SVItan Solyman Basha by the grace of God, right niightie emperor of Constantinoj)le, ami of himselfc holding both the lands of Persia, Arabia, Syria, Mecha, and lenisalcm; of .\sia, Fvurope, /I'.gvpt, and of all the Sea, lord and pos.se!>sor: To the reuerend lather lord Phili]>, great master of Rhodes, to his counsailors, and to all the other citizens great and small, greet- ing. Sending conuenicnt and worthy salutations to your reucrcntes, wee giue you to weet, thai I .rf ) li. The lossc of Rhodes. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. \8h that wc haue rcceiued your letters sent vnto our imperiall maicstic by George your scruant, the tenor whereof we iloe well vnderstand ; and for this occasion we send vnto you this our present comniaundement, to the end that we will that ye know surely how by our sentence wo will haue that Isle of Rhodes for many damages and euill deeds which wc hauc, and heare from dav to day of the sayd place done to vs and our subiects, and ye with your good will shall hold it ofvs & doe vi obeisance, and giiie the citic to mine imperial! maiestic. And we sweare by God that made hcau< n and earth, n" I by 2G00O. of our prophets, and by the 4. Misali that fell from the skies, niiJ by our firs' prophet Mahomet, that if ye doc vs homage, and veckl you with i^ood will vpoii these othe , all you tliat will abide in the sayd place, great and small, "shall not need to fearc [jerill nor '! image of mine imperiall maiestic, neither you, your goods, nor vour men : and wlioso will ;;^.c to any other place with his goods and houshold, may so doe, and who so will dwell ^nd inhnbite in any other places vnder mine Imperiall ma- iestic, niav rcmaine where they like best, without fearc of any jjcrson. And if there bee any of the principals and woorthy men among you that is so disposed, wee shall giue him wages and pnniision jircater then hec hath had. And if any of you will abide in the sayd isle, yet- mav so doe after your auncient vsagcs and customes, and much better. And therefore if that vee will accept these our othes and intrcalings, send vnto vs a man with your letters to mine imperiall maiestic, or els know yec that wee will come vpon you with all prouisions of warre, and thereof shall come as it pleaseth God. And this wee doe, to the end that ye may know, and that ye may not say, but wc hauc giuen you warning. And if ye doe not thus with vour good will, wee shall vault and vndermine your foundations in such maner, that they shalbe tome vpsidc downc, and shall make you slaues, and cause you to die, by the grace of God, as we huuedone manv, and hereof haue ye no doubt. Writttn in our court at Constantinople the lirst day of the nioncth of lune. How the Turkes came to land in the Isle of Lango, and were driiien to their ships againe by the Prior of S. Giles. Wllen the lord groat master and hiscounsell had heard the tenor of the letter, thev would giue none answere to the great Turke, but that he should be rcceiued with good strokes of ;irtilleiie. So that to a foolish demaund behooued none answere. .And it was very like that he wciild liuue nothing. For si.\e dayes after, that was the 14. day of the said moneth of lune, the liiigaiiiines that went toward Sio to know of the said armie, came againe and s;nd, lli.it of a truetli the said armie was coniniing, and that nigh to Lango an Isle of the religion. ar.d ICO. mile Iniin liluules, they had scene and told 30. sailes that were most jjart gallics and liistes: the wliich \c»scls set men on land in \ i>ile of I.ango. The the ])rior of S. (^iies .Mes«irc |)re lolm de BiilmiN c mmander of the s:i\il place, taried not Ion;; trom horscb.icke with his knights and pcuple nf the isle, and he met so well with the Turkes, that he drouc them to liicir -.hips, and -.lew a ccrtaine number of rhein : and of the >ide of Pre lohn seine were hurt, and his horse was slainc. When t!ie eneinii-s wen- entered into their gallics, thiv weiii to a place called ca>'.le ludeo on the niaine land, betweenc the savd isle of Lango ami the castle of S. Peter. IIciw part cf the r.auic ami armie of liie great Turke came Ijcfore the cilie of Rhodes. ■fhe IS, (lay of the said moneth of lune, these ■'}(). gallics went from the sa\d place, and passed by the C.ipe of Crion, entering the guile of Lpimes beside Rhodes, and were disco- uercd from the shade of the hill of Salaco. a castle in the isle of Rh(Mlcs. On the inorow they 1 ame out of the gulfe hy plainc day, and sailing along by the coasts, they entered into a hauen on maine land tailed Malfnia, where tiny abode three daycs. Then' they went from ihenic, and returned to the gulfe of Kpin\es, \\hcrc ihcy abode two dayes and two nights. The 'i4 tl.iy of the same moneth they issued out of Epimes, and trauersing the chanell, tliev came to the vie of Hlicdcs in a place before a casilc called Faues, and they went to laud, and burnt a great field lA' come the same day, which was the feast of S. lohn Baptist oui patron. The guard of a castle named Abbito in the yie of Rhodes discouered and spied tin- "Of.. II. J5 I, ;,,.(.;,( *H '„ w 186 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The fosse of Rhodes fjreat hostc, and in great haste brought word to the lord m.Tster, and sayd that the sayd hoste, that was in so great number of sailes that they might not be numbred, was entered into the gulfe of Epimes. The 30 sailes that lay in the vie arose in the night, and went to the sayd hoste in the gulfe. The 26 day of lune the sayd great hoste arose and went out of Epimes an houre after the sun rising, & Irauersing the chanell, they came to a place called the Fosse, eight miles froni the towne. And the .'JO (irst sailes turned backe toward the cape of S. Martin and other places to watch for ships of Christian men, if any passed by to Rhodes. The great hoste abode still till noone or one of the rlocke, and then arose, not all, but about 80 or 100 ships, as gallie-i, galliasses, and fusts: and jia'iscd one after another before the towne and hauen of Rhodes three miles of!', and came to shore in a place nigh to land, called Perambolin, sixe miles from the towne. In the which place the sayd hoste abode from that time to the end of that viihap|)y siege. 'I'he number and names of the vessels that came to besiege Rhodes. THe number of the ships were these: .'}0 g;illiasses, Ui'J gallics, aswcll l)a>itards as subtill mahonnets, I."> taffours, 20 fusts, ()+ great ships, sixe or seiien gallions, it ,'?0 galleres, beside the nauy that waited for Christian men, if any came to succour vs. These were the vessels that came at the first to lay the siege. And sith that the sayd host came out of Perambolin, there came from Syria 20 other sailes, a^well gallics as fusts. And many other ships came sith, and iovned with the sayd army in the time of the sayd siege. .\iul it was sayd that there were 400 sailes and moe. The same day that part of the host came to the sayd jjlace, the reucrcnd lord great master ordeined a j^rcat brigandinc to send into the West, to ccrtifie our holy father ilic pope, and the Ciiristian princes how the Turks army was afore Rhodes. And in llie sayd vessel he sent two knights, one a French nian named Sir Claude Dansoyiiille called Villicrs, a:id Sir Lovs dc Sidonia a Spanianl: and llicv went to the ])ope and to the cmperour. After the comming of the Turks nauy into the sayd place, it was |4 or l.j dayes or thev set any ordinance on land, great or small, or any quantify of men came on shore, whereof we marueiled. And it was tokle \s by some that came out of the canipe, and also bv the spies that the lord great master had sent al)road arayed as Turks, (hat they abode the commande- ment of their great Icrd, \ntili the hoste by land were come into the camjie. Ilowbcit there came some ninnber for to view the towne, but they went priuiiy, for the ordinance of the towne shot without { cnsc. All this while the gallies and galli.asscs went and came to l.uul, bringing vilaile and peo- ple. At the which ships j):issiiig nigh the town, were .shot many strokes with bombards, which made si nie slaughter of our enemies: and when the most |)art of them was past, thev began to set (inliiKuicc nu the land with great diligen(e. Then tiie Icnl great inasterdeparteil from his pahue, and Indeed him nigh a church called The vi( turv, because that place was most to be donbtcil : ami also that at the other siege the great businessc and assault was there. How the lord great master ni.nde his petition before the image olS lohn, and of- fered liim the keyes of the towne. The day before were made many predications and sermons, and the last was in the church of S. lohn J}a])ii^f When the sernuin was done, a pontili( .ill Masse was < elebrate with all silemnitics, and all the reliques taken downe, and liie lord great m:isier and all his knights with great deiuitions and reuereuce heard it. And when the Afiusse was ended, the lord «reat master made a pitious oration or |)niyer before Saint lohn Haplist his protectour : and aboue all other words, whic'i were too long to tell, he besought him meekly that it would please him to lake the keyes o! that miserable city. The which keyes he presented and layed vpon the altar before the image, beseeching S John to take the keeping and protection thereof, and of all the religion, as by his gnacc he had giuen to him vnworthy, the gouerning vnto that dav : The loisc of mocks. TRAFFIQIIES, AND IMSCOUERIES. day : and by his holy grace to defend them from the great power of the enemies that had beiiicgcd them. How the women slaues would haue set fire in the towne. THc eight day of Inly it was knowen that the Turkish women being sialics and seruaunts in many houses of the towne, had appointed to set fire in their masters houses at the first assault that should be made, to the end that the men should leaue their posterns & defenses to go and sauc their hmises and goods. And it was found that a woman of Marchopola being a slaue, was first moouer thereof, the which was taken and put to exeruiion. The same day .some of our men went out for to skirmish with the Turkes, and many of them were .ilainc with shot of our arlillcrie, and of our men but one. How the Turkes fayd their artillerie about the towne, and of the maner and quan- titie of their pieces and gimshot. TIIc IH. il.iv of luly, fi'r the be-viiuiing and first day tlic) set vp a inanlellef, vnder llie wliich tlu'v put three or foure ineanc jjieces, as sacres, wherewith they shot against liic poitcrns of I'jij;land and Prouence. 15nt the maiitellet was soone broken and cast downc. and their |)icces de^troye(l with the shot of the wall, and they that shot them were nio^t |)art slainc. As this first niaiitcllet was broken, by the great and innumerable people that they had they let all their nrdinaiice on laiul, and caricd it to tlie places where it s^hotild be bent, or nigh ihcrcbv . .\iul the '."J. d ly of till- same inonelh, thev set vp two other manlellels. One beside a chiirih of saiiie Co^mc and Dainian, and anollicr toward the West. And from these man- Irllcts tliey shot great pieces, as ("nhierings, double gunne>, and great bombards agaynst the wals of r.iiglaiul and .Spaino, to ihe which mantellets the ordinance of the towne gaue many great strokes, and olieii br.ike ilieni. And the more to grieiie the towne and to feare vs, they set vp in niy otiier mantellets in diners places, almost round about the towne, and ihev were reckoiuo-|illcrie shot out of the towne from many places. The artillerie of the Turkes was such as followeth. First there were si\c great guniies, cannons ])erriers of brasse, that shot a stone of three footc and a haifc: also there were l,'>. j)icct's of iron that shot stones of line or sixe spanncs about. .M-o there were 14. great bombards that shot stones of eleuen s|)ans about. Also there were Iweliie basiliskes, whereof they slioi but with S. that is to weet, foure shot a:;a\nst the posterns of Mnglaiid and .Spaiiie, and two against the gale of Italv: the other two shot sometime against .Saint Nichol.is lower. .Mso there were I.'), double gunnes cast- ing bullets as basiliskes. The meane sh.-)l, as sacres and pasuolans, were in great number, 'fhe handgunshot ^^as innumerable and incrcilil'le. \Un there wore tweiue potgumies of brasse that shot xpw.ird, where. day of the same monetli, \nto the end of .August, & it was accounted that they shot yiKH). limes more or lesse. ■fhen tlie enemies were warned by the lewe that wrote letters to them of all that was done ami savd in the towne, that the sayd |)otguiin('s did no harme: wherefore they were angr\, for they thiiu;iht that thev had slaine the third |)art of our people: and thev were counselled bv liiio lo leaue I'lat shooting, for it was hut lime lost, and ponder wasted, and then they 1! 1) '2 shot 187 u\ i 188 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Ume of Rhodes. :'. .i ;. n ■ \i ;'ii shot no more with Ihcm. Il is of a triicth that they «hot with the sayd pntgiinnof* 12. or 15. times with bullets of l)r.isse or n)|)i»cr, dill of wild (ire. and when they were in the ayre, Ihev llnmed loorth, and in fallinj,' on the sfimd, they hrake, and the fire came out and did some harine. But at liic last wee- knew the maiiio thereol', and the people was waric I'ruin comming necre to them, and thcrerorc they did hurt no more folke. lh)W the captainc Ciabriel Martinin)ro tame to the suceor of Rhodes, and all the slaucs were in danger to be -laine. Tile li+. day of the same nioneth a hrijjantinr arrincd that was sent afore into Candic, wherein came a wortliv ( aptainc nanietl Gabriel Mariiningo with two other raptains. And llierc went to rerciue him nicssieur prou lohn pri ir of S. Ciilos, and the prior of Nauarre. Then after his honourable reieiuinj{ .is to him well appertained, they bronchi him before the lord f;reaf master, that loiiinsjlv recciued him, and he was i>ladK -eenc and wclcoinined (if the peoi)l(', as a man tlial was named \ery wise and injL;enious in frnls of w.irre. Then came a Spaniard rencjjado from the host, thai !>aue \s warninp; of all that was done in the field, and of the approchinp by the frcni lies that our enemies made. .And in likewise there arose a ^reat noise in the towne, that the slaiie-i Turks that wroiij^hf for \s in llie didies had slaine their keepers, and would haue (led, which was not so. Neiier- thelcs>e, the rumour was fjreat, and they ranj; alarmc: wherefore the sayd •daues coinming to i)ris(ni, as it was ordeined in al the alarnies, were met of the jieoplc, which in j;reaf aiiu'iT pill ihcm to death: so that there were slain an hnndred & inoe llie same dav. And if the lord ureat master had not commanded that none should hurt them, they had bene all slaine, and there were lirieene iuindreth of them; which slaues did <;real 5eniisary at our needs. How the great Tiirke arriiied in person before Rhopecially with harquebushes and handjjuns, and also to make their trenches and approchcs. And aNo they did more diligence then afore, to brine V earth ni^h the towne with .spades and pickaxes. And it is to weet, that they mooiicd the earth from hall'c a mile ut)', and there were shot out of the towne innumerable strokes with orilin:uice ai^ainst the savd earth, and innumerable quantitic of people hid be- hind the sayd tarth, were slaine. Neu rihclcsse thev neuer left working till they had brouf-'ht it to the brinimes of the ditches; and when it was there, they raised it higher and hif^her in >lrchfi;lhnin!; it \n Iviid. .\iid in conclusion the sayd earth was higher then the wals of tlie towne by 10. or VI. Ionic, and it seemed a hill. And it was agaynst the gale of AuiuTgne and Spainc, and beat our men that were at the i^:ites & bulwarks, in such wise, that none dur>t be scene till cerlaino defences and repaires were made of |il:uikes and boards to coucr our people and kcepe them from the shot. .And at the gate of Italy was made such another heapc, and in none other pari. When the trenches were thus made to the ditches, the enemies made holes in the wals of ihe ditch oniwnrd: whcrelhoniw thev sh. t inli'iilelv with haiidgunnes at our men aswcll on the walles as on the bulwarks, ami slew main of them. Then the bashas and capfaines enired into the trenches, ech to hi-. ))iace al'u r llicir order and dignity: that is to wit, Mus- tafa Raslia as chiere captainc enired t'.e trench direct to the bulwarke of England with his |ieii])le i*^ capt.iincs %nder him. I'erv Mas.-ha went to the trenches against the gate of Italy with his folkes and captaincs vnder him. /Vcinek IJassha was in the trenches ol' .\uuergne and Spaine with the Aga of the laniAaircs and the Beglarbv of Homanv with him. The Heg- iarby of Nalolia was in the trenches of I'rouence. .Mlibev was with his conipany against the u'ardins of saint Anthonv on the North side, and diuers other captaincs with him, and set his ordinance against ilie wall of the ga'e of .Miiiaine, which w.is but wcake, and set vp scucn uKintellets by the niilles toward the West; and bv the space of eight or nine davex they beat \pon the sauic wall; wliiili put vs in great feare, if thev had continued, llowbeit the noble lord j;rcat master forthwith caused ri[) aires to be made within, and planks \- tables to be set to fortilie liie sayd wcake wall; and abode there from the mcrning lil night, to cause it to be the more hasted. The arlillcrv of the gate of .Mmainc, and the Massif nf the gate ol the campc and of the palais beat so sore and so often \poii the sayd mantellets that it wearied the enemies to make and repairc them so often: and they tooke \p the pieces, and bare them away. And also ihey could not well beat liie savd wall because the brinimes of the ditch without were almost as hie as the w;dl that they Iieat. But or they bare the ar- tillery away, they beat the steeple of S. lohns church so, that the most part was broken and cast downe. The foresavd mantellets were appointed to beat S. \i( holas tower, and by the .space of ten or twelue dayes they shot sore against it; but thev had so shar])e and vigorous answere, that there was not one mantcllot that abode whole an houre. 'i he (apiaine of the .sayd tower and his folke did such diligCMC and busines-e in shooting oil' their pieces, that the enemies durst set vp no more mantellets by day, nor shoot no more but oiiely by night, while the Moone did sliinc, which is a thi;ig worthv of niemorv, of maruaile, and of praise. At the last when thev had beiten against the sayd tower a certaine time, seeing that it furthered nothing, they looke their ordinance fro thmce, and bare it where lhe\ thought best. During the shot in the sayd place, the other capt.ii;ic:j were not idle n( r in a slcepc, but wi \ . 'V>i oill HK) VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Tlic toHSc of Rhodin. '. >i mil c'i':wrni^lit and day ihcy bent the uall oT F.ii};lnii(l nnd Spninc, mid srt riiiirc'l(>LMic< inaii- icllct-t again-*! it, slidofiiif; jjrfat boinbardt, wIutcoI' tdiiH' of the xtDiiiN were line or >i,\e spanncs about, and soini* other of nine or ton : and wiihiii a innnclh and Icsm- tliry ta»tdo\4nc the wail abnost eiien smooth with the Barl)iian. And when the s.iv(! wall was so ijealcn, ihev set to l)eat the bnlwarl^e of Spaiiie fur to raise the defi'iices: and in their Irenches ihey set three great l)oini)urds, which shot slonis of eleiien spaiine- in idiiijiassc, and with thesayd jiieces thev beat the savd l)nlwarke and wall in such wise, that they inaile <;r<'at bracks, and the stone-, and earth that Ceil, scriied the enemies fur l,nl(ler>, so liiat they nujjht come Npoii liie plaiiie jjrouiul. In like sort they raised the dcfeiues from the height of the bnlwarkeai tlie |)i'.strrne of I'ronence, and set three ureal pieces on the briinme of the ditch, which shot atones of eleiun spannes again^: the w.dl, aiid within a while they made a breach as at the po-.leriie of Spaiiie. The artillery of the tnwiiedid shoot without cease againxt the nian- tellets, and i)rake main of them, but they made other as it is »iayd in the nights. For they had all things that belonged to them, \' neeshas or capl.iiiic-. ihen ilu; s.ud m isicr. Also it is to knowen that there were three or fouie malllellets addressed agaiiNt the plain ground (d' Italy, and lis (oiitiniiall beating of shot that thev m:iile, there was also a bre.nh, ard by the e.irtli anii stones that were fallen, ihe\ might come vp to it. Of the politike r<'|iaircs and defences thai the iiigi nioiH caplaine (labricl Marli- iiiiigo, made within the towiie against the breaches in ilu- wallcs. Tile raptainc (iabriel Ntartiningo, prompt, dilig( nl, and < \pcrt lo gnie remedies to the needful places, foi rlhwith c.nised to make the liaui im -. vpon the w, ill win re.is (he breach w,i-, will) good repaires, and giiiKies small and gre:it which wfre -ci in il.c >a\d ir.uicrse-, the whit h »hol not onelv ai ihc breaches Inn to the trciii lies, and iiMiie gre.il nnirdcr of ene- mies a-well al the assaull* thai tlc\ m.ide asolherwl.ilc-. And hcsidc llie Irauer-es, the s;ivil laplaine planted >inall arlilkrv, a> hait|iieliuslu's, and handgniine- \ poll cert.iine houses with- in the lowne, that stood open again-t ilu- brcac h, \sitli gi'od repairi-: and Iroin tli.it place great 'hti r of Turks w ;is m.iiic at ti.e .is-^imlls. .M-o it is of triK ih that beside the savd lantcllcts that shot against the wall of I'.ngland and .Spaine with great bombards, were two lantellcis in an hie pl.ice Inward the w.iv to the ganliii of .Mau|)as, in the whii h were eer- oiK's and wihU' lire in them, whi( h shotagaiiisi tame double gum les, as basilisks with hol.iw si the wall into the lowiic at ;ill aiiciilures for lo make iiiuriler (.1 pccjiU'. howbeil. thanked l;e (iod hev (lid no irc.it hariiie but to ihc hi iisc- .\fter these great iV terrible bealings, and that the enemies had wa\ lo mount vpon llic lowne walle-, and cmne lo hand with vs bv Irauersiiig cd' iheir Irene hcs lo the (alien e.irl'i \siihin the breach more sureK, ai.d wiihoui hurt of our gunshot, shooiing ihorow holes thai thev made in the walles of the diii h v^iihout, ihev (asi vp muc h stone ainl e.irih, beiaiise it should couer thcni from the shot of the biilwarke of .\uueigne. ,\iid aUo they shot fenienllv against the biilwarkc of .Spaine, for to raise the defeiues, id the which at the last ihey raised th e most part, reseruing on Iv a fi iiniers below in the mine of the savd bulwarke, v\hie h itie ( r nothing damaged them. .And this is touching liie It, whereid 1 »av not the third pari, because it is a thing iniredible to them lh.it liaiie not seeiie it. Tor some d.ives ihev shot vviih those great bonib.irds that were on the briinaie of the dilch, and from the manlelleis Ik lit against the wall of Ijigland and .Spaine 'iU or .'>'0 limes and more. And I beleeiie verilv iliai since the creation of the world siuh artillery , and so great quantitv was neucr bent and laved before any lowne as hath beiie against Khodesat this siege. Wherhirc it is no inariiell if the wallc!) be and haue bene beaten downe, and il ihere be breaches and clifls in inanv places. Of l'« '. M nuiuU-H. Jlic tostc of iihodct. TI{AITIQUF,S. AND DISCOUEHIES. 101 ic niaii- (ir >ixe t (InvMU- , iicr-^c, ihf ilir III' cnc- i>, the s;\yd i(iu»t'> wiih- I ih.it i)lat<' itli- ihf -avd >, ucrc two h wtTi' ( rr- >ihi>t acain-il , thankcil hi' ml \|ii'n llu' ■ (alh'U f.iri'i w hdlcs that I, l)('iau>i- II iiot IfnicniU ■ t ihc-y r:iiscil (Niirkc, \\lii(h not the third vf< they ^hi't i- niantclh't- cli'fiiP xcrily •mr bi-nl and i^. no inanirll lift- in M\aiiv Oi Of (he niincii thai the Turks made: and how they oucrthrcw pari of the biilwarke (>r Kiighiiui. ANd heraiise as it is navd hcfore, that the greatest hope that the enemies had to jret tin- lownc ol' Hhodcs, was by liiinin);, therefore now after that 1 haue spoken of the ;;iinsh(it and beatings, I shall shew of the mines that the Turks made, the which were in so irreat (luantity, and in so maiiv plares, that I bcleeuc the third part of the townc was mined: and it i-. h)iind by arcoiint made, that there were al)i'iit (i(> mines, howbeit, thanked be (iod, many m the savd bubsarke, and beaten with ordinance on euery side, withdrew them with their losse, shame, and damage. And this was the lirsi victory that our lord gaue vs, ;ind there abode oC nur enemies a thousand and more. When this assault was done, they made another at tlie lircach in the wall of .Spaiue, and mounted \ pon if, but ihc ordinani e of the trauerses of the walles and of the hoiiscs made so I'.iire a riihlaiiie, that liiev were \erv willing to withdraw ihemselues : for at the retreat, and also at their loinming tiie savd onliiiaiue oi the hnlw.irke did them great damage, albeit that the\ had m.ide some rop.iire of earth. Of our mcndied that day Mo or thereabout, as well knights as other. .\iid the same day in the morning (le|)aried out of this world (Jabriel ile I'omerollcs lieutenant to the lord master, which on a cj'rtaiiie dav before fell from the wall as he went to see thi- trenches in the diirlics, and hurt his breast, and for fault of good attendance he fell into a f»'uer, whereof he died. How the Tiirkk assaded the bulwarke of I'.ngiand, and how thev were driuenawav. Tile ninth day of the sayd moneth, at seuen in the morning the enemies put (ire in two mines; one at the posterne of I'roueiue, which had none edeit: the oilu r was at the bul- warke of I'.ngiand, which felleil another piece nigh to that that was cast duwne afore. And the sayd mine was as (iercc as ihe other, or more, for it seemed that all the bulwarke went downe, and almost all they that were in it ranne away. And when the standerd of the religion came into the sayd biilwark<', the enemies were at the lireach ready to liauc entered: but when they saw the sayd standerd, as jieople lost and oiiercome, they went downe againc. Then the artillery ol the bulwiirke of (iuos(inino, and of other places, (ound them well enough, and slew many of them. Howbeit, theircaptaiues made them to relurne with great strokes of swortlesand other weapons, and to remount vpon the earth fallen from the sayd bulv>arke, and pight seuen banners nigh to our repaire. Then our men fought with morispikes and (ixcd Hpcares against them the space of three whole houres, till at the last thev being well beaten with great ordinance and small on eucrv side, withdrew theinselues. .\nd of their banners our men gate one, lor it was not possible to get any more : for a.ssoonc as any of our men went vp on our repaires, A tluniMiid k m.'rf Tuikcft ilaiiie beli>rt (lir Fji|[lllhbul- w.iikf. I'l M J n '•/, ', ,ill . >v r.t. I!.'.' 'I* WO ihntit4iiJ )lif Kii^liih bul WJikr. VOYAOrs, NAfrCATIONS, The lotue of lihulfn. ri'paiitN, 111' w.iM slainc with hiikiII ^iiiiiun of iK<' n ihi>«. ^H'l oliMni.ulc in ihc w.iIIi-k u[ oh, (liirluN, And lIuTC was slaiiic 111' our I'licmicx tli:i* .. y at die ih--^"'! !■ <'" I > anciiirii aiul . tliri'c lUTooMH (if csiafc, which lay dc.u! ''-Mig in llir tllf^h. wiili far* niii liil iiarnrsno. Vrnj it wa!t rcM)i)rlcd Ions from liir canipe, the\ ^rre three sjiii if l>ei.., that m If. • i^ , jjreai senrsliilios or siiiarJ.s. Ami of Christian nu'ii of our par» al'mlf al)oul thirty })crsoi ^ Ami this w;i ihc "ccoml sictory ^'iiu'ii to vs !>) ihu Kracediuinc. How Sir luhn Hoiiruh Ttircnplirr of I'm ^ land w.m sIuiiu' at an aMauU of (he Ivnj^li^h liiilwnrkc. Till" 17 day oj" ihi- -.anie nioncth, about midday, ihc cnciny tailiP ORainc to );iiii' another a-.auU li> the sayd biilwariie, at the same place alorcsayd, without scilnri: of lire in mines, ;iml i)iMii>;ht Hue l)aiiners will) ihem, nigh lo llie repaires. Then was there stroir){ li;;lilin){ on l)i>lh |(art->, and there were ^rotten two of their l)ai)ners, of tlie which sir Chrislopher N'aldcnare, lint lime Ca^lelaine of Khodes, ^aleone: ihoot.'ier was in ihe hands of sir lohn liour^h Tiirciipjier ol' Kiifrland, ihiefe caplaincor the surcour> of thesayd |»i>siernc of Vm^- land, a valiant man iV hardy : and in hoidintt of it he was slaiiie with the stroke of u hand- unnnc, which wa-i j;rcal damage. The s,iyd lianner was rccoiiered liy one of our men. Anil after loDu (iulitinj; on I'oth sides, the encn ies seein;; that they ^ot iiotliin): but stripes, re- liiiiied into iluir trenches. At the sayd fray llie lord prior of S. Ciilcs |)re luhn was huri iImi'iiw the iiecke \>ith a haiid^nn, and was in f^rcal dan;(er of death, bnl he escaped and w.i . mailc whole. The ^ame day, and the sanu" hoiii'c of ihe «ayil assault, liie enemies mounted to the breai h in ihc wall of Spainc, and came to the rcpaires to the handes of our men, and inuuht a jtreat wliile ; but the great quantity of artillery that wa- shot so busily and «o sliarpU from our irauerses on ech side, and cut of the bulwarks ol Aiaierunc and Spaine, skirini' mines, oik e at tlie posiernc ol Sjiaiiic I Sp, .Old the other by the bulwarke of .\uuerniie, the wliich mine by .\iiui'r;;iie was so terrible, that it made .ill the tuwiie to shake, and made the wall lo open from .iboiie to beneath miio the plaiiie f;round ; iiowbeil, it fell not, for tlu- mine had vent ne ol the coiiiitermiiu s, and b\ a ncke viider the IJ.irbi (Mil, tlie \wiicl id cic tli.it I left the fury .iiid mii^ht of the mine had issue. ,\iul if die sayd two yents li.id not bene, the wall had bene turned \jiside downe. .\nd for truth, as it w.is npnrtcd to \s out of iju' lainpe, the enemies had jjn. it hopi' in ti.e -..ivd mine, thiiikiii'.; tli.it the wall sjiould (nn,,. bene oiiertlu'iiweii, and then ihes mi>;lit li.nie ciiteri il into the lowiie at their pleasuu's: Imt when they saw the contrary, tlics were very ill plea-ed. ,\iid the lajilaines ditcrniii.id to assault al i'oiire jilaies :it oiue, to make \s il le more ailoo, ,iii< I to h aue an eiilruiice into the townc bv one of the fuure. .\iiil the s:iyd day and iiijjht liny i eased not to shoot artil- lery : and there came in hope of llie mine threescore thoiis.md men and moe into the treni hcs. How the biilwarkc of Spainc wa* lost, .ind woone anaine. ■file 'i4 day of the same nKuicth. a little before day, they j;:iue assault al tlie breach ofSpaiiu', to the bulwarke id" England, lo the |)osteriie of ridiieiuc, and at Ihe |)Iaiiic ground of ii.,K. all at one hourc & one lime. The (irst that mounted to the breach of .Spaine, was ihe .\;; i of the laiiissaries, a valiant man, and ;rcal coura>;e with his company, and bare three score or three score and lenne banners and .sii^nes. and |)ij;ht ihcm in the earth of ihe iMeacIi, and then fouylit with our men, and mounted on our rcpaires, making other maiier of fr.iv : Thf lo»»e nf Hhntlei. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISrOUFHIFA .mil inort- riK'""""* •''•'ii '''*' «'i" ll>;il w«tc pasurd, and ihc layd ■•kirmith la*»ril alxnil ni\p liinirf<. Ami fiirtliwitli, at llu':i«smll wa<» niiirn, a Krcaf tort oi' Turku cntrcd iiilit the hiil- wjrke «f S|iaini\ anil ^it v|» rixhi or niiii- linnrw or l)annpr»< vpon it, ami droin- i)»ir mi-n oiH, I r.iii not trll hiiw, vnwari's or othcrwi'P. And they were iortU of it three lioure<< and more llowlxii the.' were of oiir men beneath in the nunc of the wyd Iniiwarke, the whirh hiil- warke so lust, j-aue vh fiiill hope. Hut iiicnnlinently the lord ^rt'at master heinj; at the ile- Icni e of the |iiwtirne ol Ijiyland, hailing knowledge of the Hay;iic« were left with vi*. Surely it may be x.iyl, that alter the j^nue of (iod (the tr-uicrses ol Spaine and Aiiucr){nc, and the ••mall artilU ry set on thf hon-e* ri^jht a^ainnt the •«a\d brcarhes, ax it )^' sayd, with the com- niinjs and pM'»ei' iniichinn ''"■ nuirdiT nf the people, done by the arii(lr/rv ol thf bulwarkcx of Knf^land ami SpaJlie, the owder, wee slew many of them, but it auailed nothing: for the quantitie and multitude of people that trauelled there was so great, that tiicv cared not for losseof them. And if we had had men enow within the towne, there miulit hiuie bene remedy to haue raised them from thence : but considering that our force and totall hope was in pco])ie, wee left to doe many things that might haue beene done, and that sliould haue bene good then and other times also, for fault of men of warre. At the last it was pondred by .Sir Gal)riel Martiningo, that there was no remedy but to hew the wall for to meet them, and beat them wiili ordinance and with enjiins of fire to burne and vndoe them. Then our men began to hew the w.ill, and made some holes to shoot at the enemies that slept not, but did as wee did, and shot at vs, and indeed they slew & hurt many of our men. Then .Sir Ciabriel Martiningo ordcined to make repaires within the towne at the front where they did cut the wall, to the end that alter the walles were cut, the enemies should know with whom to meet. The trauerses were made on ech side with good artillery great and small : and the sayd trauerses and repaires were of the length that the enemies had cut the wall, and beganneat the massife of Spaine made by the reuerend lord great master Mery d'Amboise, & ended at the church of S. Sahiador. The which trauerses and repaires the vulgar people call the Mandra, that is to say, the field. The me:me time \h-\ the repaires and trauerses were made with all diligence. Sir Gabriel Martiningo neiitv ceased going toeuery place to puruey for all things: and he being on the bidwarke of Spaine lo ordeineall things that were needfull, there came a stroke of a handgun from the trenches that smote out his eve, and put him in danger of his life, but thanked be God, he rcrouercd his health within a moneth and a halfe. His hurt came ill to passe, for the need that we had of him that time in all things, and s])ecially to the repaires of the breaches. Neuerthcles the lord priour of S. (Jiles (not ignorant in all such things) with other tnen ex- L'lided to the savd renaires and trauerses, liicre and elswerc. The enemies ;iji\il il.il pert I repa C c2 OJ1 1 1 tf *MjV T .' I 196 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 77»e losse of Rhodes. t on the other side night and day without rest ( for the };rcaf number of labourers that they had hourely and newlv ready) hewed and vndermincd thesayd wall. And the ^0 day of October they put tire in the vndcrmines, weenina; to haue cast d>wne tlie wall, l;ut tiicy t'Piiid not : then tliey would haue pulled it downe with fjreat rope-< and ancres, but the artillery of the biilwarke of Auucrsjne brake their ropes, and sent them away liirhlly. At tlie last they nindo a mine vnder the sayd wall and breach : and the 'iCt day of the same nioneth thev did |)iit lire to the same mine, weening to haue ouerthrowen t!ie wall, which it (lid not, but raided it, and made it lo fall almost straij;ht vpright, which was m re disaduanta<;c to the enemies iIumi profit. Then tliey shot artillery at il, which in iewe dayes beat it downe, and they had opcnini; and wav to coine into the Towne. Neuerthelesse it was not necessary for them as thj-n to enter: lor the artillery of our repains beat them in the lorepart, and the arlillerv Ivini; at the (wo uMJIes at the posierne of Quoscpiino, and in that of Ivnjiland, whereas was a basili-.ke that beat right vpon the breach with other pieces : and there- fore the enemies soiigl-.t other iiieanes, and besjanne to raise the earth betweene our luo wallcs, drawini; toward the bulwarkc of Inyland on the one side, and toward Auuergne o'l the other side, and would haue cut the wall further then our trauerses were for to come in vnbcaten of our artillery. Then were the repaires inl.ir»ed and ;nade greater with the wall that \v.i> cut, of the height of t«elue, \- Ki fool in bredth : and so the enemies might goe no further forward, but shot great artillery against our repaires, for to breake and cast them downe, and also ihey in.ide trenches for to come riglu to the breach, and vnto the rep.iires: and certeiidv we looked dav bv da\ , and home by houre for to haue some assault. The re- uerend lord great master, the whicli, as it is sayd, had left the bulwarke of Kngland the dav that the great assault was made, and since that time he inoued not from thence while ihev hewed the wall, & where as the breach was, because tiiat thev were most dangerous & most \nquiet places. And contiiuuilly the sayd lord kept him beliinile the sayd repaires with his knights anrl men of succours, intentiuely ready and |)repared to line and die, and to re- ceiue his enemies as thev ought to bee receiued. .And he alxule three or foure daves at the sayd breach, conliiniing since it was made, ynto the end, /ighting with his enemies eiierv day in great perill of his bocv had H'>wnc pc-< and ;in away ho same wliifh it liianta crgiic (I'l (•(IIIU" ill 1 the wall itiinht f!,oe (■a>-t tlicin rep.iires: riio rc- ul tlu- (lay i\hilo tlu'v IS lK: md-t paires with and to re- aves at tlie nies cilery )rease then the coil raj; (■ y were one assault, ird into the ;uniie>, aiul [s tli;il were more •.hiiii - whi( 1) w.i^ ,1 ill Id ildc ill »•: fur (lavlv lldwlirit l)v ol" tl\<' same ncourajje lii" and Irom the ruelliiils ;le M(rall,<,r lUlul sIkii tin;: great master. whicli Thclosse of Rhodes. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. which comnianded to fake him and examine him by iustice, and he confessed the shot of that letter & of other before, at tlie commandement of his master: and sayd that he had great ac- quaintance with the Tiirlts bashas, and that it was not long since he had written a letter to them, warning them that they should not g", for gunshot began to faile. and the men were wasted by slaying and hurting at the assaults in great quantity : and if they ibode still and gaue no more assaults, at the last the towne should be theirs. And diners other things the seruant sayd of his master, of the which 1 haue spoken part before at the beginning, and of the warning that he gaue to the great Turke for to come. But to returne to the plaine of Italy. After many battels and assaults done in the sayd place, by contiiiuall shot of seucnteene great gunnes that beat the saydc plaine, the repaircs and trauerscs were almost broken and lost. And by trendies the enemies were come ioining to the breach, and neucr ceased to grate the earth and scrape the earth to cause the repaires & trauerscs to fail : and at the last the most part fell dnwne, & our men were constrained to leaue the siyd plaine, sane a cantellthat was toward the -.ea, as it were the third |)art thereof Certaine dayes afore the enemies came to the fool of the plaine, and did cut it and rased the earth, I'v: at the last thev passed thorow vnto the towne wall : and anon be'jan to hew and cut as they did at that of Spaine. The lord great master seeing that, anon cast down a part {\^ the church of our Lady dc la Victoria, and of an ( ther church of S. Panthalion. And within they began to make the rei>aires and tr.iuerses as at the place of S[)aine, whereto was made extreme diligence, but not --ucli as tlie lord would, and as was needfull, because there were no labourers for to helpe. After that the enemies had woon the most jjart of the bulwarke of Kngland \: the plaine of If.iv, thev purposed to make assault to the sayde plaine, and to the breacli of Spaine, and to enter into riir repaires to winne them for to make an end of vs. And for euer to afleeble the repaires and for to abat into the ditihes, lor to couer tiieni from the shot of Auuergne. And the sayd earth being so suneken, the artillery of ilie saytle bulwarke (vnwarcs to them) smote them going ;ind comming, and made great murder of the savd dogges. The savd day also the enemies came to the plaine of Italy for to as>ault it ; but when they vnderstood that their fellowes had bene put backe so rudely, and with so great slaughter, they were at'rayd, and so thev returned againc to their trenches. llow the Turks got the plaine ground of Spaine. .\n(l that done, Acmek Basha seeing their liusiiiL'sse euery dav goe from woorse to woorse, and lliat at the as.saults were but losse of people, without doing of any good, and that there w.is no man that willingly would go to it anv more, he inttiided to giuc no miTC assaults but to 197 \i •! ' '.'l Ml ' < ■ i , 'hi i Wl lot VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The lotHC of RUodti'. 10 follow his tronthcji, and by tlicm enter eoucrlly without lossc oraman from the breach to the other entl of tlic townc. Semblably he intended for to winne the plaine earth beside iipaine : the which to jjet, he came ;it pleasure to the foot of the wall, & began to beat ddwne the plaine ground, and to }>iue inuny skirmishes and confliets to our folke that kept it. And there were slaine manv j{ood men. And at the last, for default of more hclpe and of fjiin- >h()f. if was left and {{iuen vp of our men, and ho lost. That done, the enemies came thither ;is in dihcr places. And ihi-. is the third place were they came nerc to the foot of the wall. .And xshoso wel considercih in what estate the poore towne was at that time, seeing their ene- mies h.Tiie so grc;it adunntage, might well say, and iudge, that at length it should be taken, and a lost townc. How a Gcnouois came to the gate of the townc for to speakc for a treaty and dcli- ucrancc of the same. A Few da\ es after the saide iourney a Christian man that was in the campc, the which by his fSpeech was a Gcnouois or .Siotis, came to the gate of Anuergne, and demanded to parle, and after that he was demanded what he would haue, he savd that he had niaruel! of \s why we would not veeld luir selucs, seeing the pitiou.s estate the townc was in : and he as a Chris- tian man ccunselled vs to yeeld our seines with some agreement ; and that if we would looke thereto, that some should be found expedient t(» do somewhat for our safegard. And it is \erv like that he savd not such words, nor spake .so farforth in the malter, without commis- sion fro some of the chiefc of the canipe, or of the great Turke bimselfe. To the which .Siotis was answered, thai he should go away with an euill hap, and that it needed not to speake of appointment: and that though the enemies had great aduantage, there was yet enough where- with to receiue and least them, if they made any assault. These words heard, he went awav : and two days alter he came again, and demanded to speak with a marchant Gcnouois of the towne named Mathew de Vra, and he was answereakc our faith, but only would haiie the towne, it were much better then, riiul tending to greater wealth to saiic all the icweU ahoucsayde, fl-at should be defiled and lost if they eamc in the haiides of the enemies of the faith. And also to kecpe so iiiuih small people, as women and children, that they would torment and <'Ut some in pieces, other take, and perforce cause them to forsake their faith, with innu- mer;d}le \iolences, and shamefull sinnes that should be committed and done, if the towne wore put to the sword, as was done at Modon, and lately at Bellegrado, Whereby they tlid conclude, that it were belter, and more agreeable to God, for to take the treaty, if it were inoircrcd, tiien for to die as people dcs|)eratc, and without hope. Kow the great Turke sent two of his men to the towne, to haue it by infreating. And how the lord great master sent two knights to him, to know his aasurance. VPon these consultaiic'iis and wonis almighty God that saueth them which trust in him, and that would not that so many ctiils and cruelties should come to the poore city & inhabitants of it, and also that the great Turke might not arise in ouer g.-eat pride and vaineglory, put him in niinde to seeke to haue the sayd towne by treaty, which ho ouglit not to haue done for bis honour, nor by reason, for the towne was in a maner his. And in like sort he ought not to haue let \s goe as he did, seeing that we were his mortall enemic's eiicr, and shall be still in tlie time comming, considering the great slaughter of his people that we haue made in this siege. Howbeit, the eternal! goodnes.se hath blinded him, and hath pleased that these things should be thus, for some cause vnknowen of vs. And for conclusion, the great Turke -cnt to haue a communication and parle in Hdlowing the words of the Genouese afore.sayd. Then was a signe set vpon the churche of the abbey without the towne, to the which was made answere with another at the milles of Quosquino. And forthwith came two Turks to spcakc with them of the towne. Then the lord great master sent the I'riour of S, (iiles pre lohn, and the caplaine (Jabriel Marliningo to know the cause of their comming. And when thcv came to them, without holding of long speech, the two Ti.rkes dcliuered them a let- ter for to beare to the lord great ma-ter from the great Turke, and tlien rctorncd safely into their tents. When the two lords had receiued it, they bare & presented it to the reuerend lord great master, which caused it to be read. By the whicii the great Turke demanded of the lord great master to yecid the tnwne to him, and in so doing he was content to let him go & all his knights, and all tlie other peoj)Ie of what codition soeucr they were, with all their goods & iewcls safe without fcare of any harme or displeasure of his folks. And also lie swarc and promiseii on his faith so to do. The sayd letter was sealed with his signet that he \>eth, that is as it were gilded. And he sayde afterward, tiiat if the lord great master would not accept the sayde treaty, that none of the city, of what estate souer he were, should thinke to escape, but that they all \ntothe cat.s shculd p.i.-(se by the edge of the sword, and that they should send him an answere forthwith, either yea or nay. After the sight of the ciinient' nl the savd letter of so great weight, and the time so short fur to giuc so great an answere, and with demand, the sayd lord great master and all the lords of the ("ouncell were in great thought, howbeit they determined to giue an answere, seeing the estate of the towne so ill that it could be no woorse. Hearing the report and is;i(h)ui> Iiad made them readie, they went out at tlic i^atc of Quo- sqiiino, and wei.t I > llie tent of Aemek l)aslui, lapitaine ^enerall. And l)ecaiise it was late, and that ihev mi^iht not j-oo liial day to the fjreat Turke, on the next day in the morning the loresriid captaine Acmck lud and coniicied our sayd ainjjassadours to the great Turkes pauil- lion, tliat thev lui^ht haiie the more knowledge plaincly, and Cor to heare his will as touch- ing ilic wordes which were reported to the reuerend lord great master, and alter, the crjntents of hi> IctlcT and writing-'. When the ■•avd two amhassadours were de|)aited tie to know what he requested, luid de-iired that tluy niigiit taike together, ar.d how the great master had receiued his let- ter. The great Turke answered theu\ bv his Iruehman, that ol' demanding to speakc toge- ther, nor writing ol' litter to the great master he knew nothing, llowbeit, .sith the great master had sent to him i\,r to know !iis will, he bade say to ihein that the great master should \ecld him the towne. And in so doing he promised by his I'aith for to let him goe with all hi.s knight-, and all other that would goe with their goods, without rcceiuing any di^ipleasure of his people of the ( ampe. And il he acce])ted not the sayd treatie, to eertilie him that he would neuer depart from Rhodes till he had taken it, and that all his might ol Turkic should die there, ratlier then hee would laile of it, and that there should neither great nor litle escape, but \nto 'he cats tiiey should be all cut in pieces, and .sayd that within 3. dayes they should giue liim an answere, for hee would not that his people should loose time, and that during the >avd truce thev should make no repaires nor defences within the towne. Wiien the great Turke had ended his wordes, our ambassadours tooke their leaiie of him, and returned to the towne, and there was giuen to ea<'h of them a rich garment of branched veiuet, with i loth of gold of the Turki-h fashion. Then Aeinek basha tookc sir Fassin, and led him to his paulllion, and intreating him right well, caused him to abide all that day and night: and in eating and drinking tiiey had many discourses of thingsdone at the siege, question- ing each with other. ,\iid among all other things our ambassadourdemaunded of Acmek, and prayed him to tell for Iruelli how inanv men died of the campe while the siege was laied. I he aid Hasha sware \ pon his faith and certilied, that there were dead of the campe of vio- lent death, that is to -a\ , of gunshot and other wave-, (i4(KK). men or more, beside them ili.it died of sicknesse, which were about 10. or .j(). thou-and. IIo\, one of the ambassadours made an-were of hi- niessagc, and how the Com- mons would not agree to veeld the towne. Kl'.lurnp we now to our piupose and to the arswere that our ambas-adours brought to the lord great master. The sayd llobcrt rernise made the answere, and told what the great I'urke had -avd, certifying that he would haue an an-were quicklv either vea or nay. The whii h an-were after the uemauiid of the great I'urke hath bene purpo-ed and concluded by the whole counsel, and his oiler ^c treatie accepted, liow belt the sa\d ambassadours had it not to do so soone nor the hrst time that thev went for good reasons, but vet they would not ilelcrre it, for feare least he should repent him. And v|)oii these determinations that they would haue sent the sayd Peruse to bearc the answere, came some of the common people vol. II. I) d ,,f 6^000. Turks sl.iiiie at ilic siege uf RhuJr,. !«'«« 208 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The tosie of Rhodet. i 4 ■t'l, r. . \ *<■■ iJ f of the townc to the lord grrnt mantcr, that wat with the lorde^ of the coiinscll, and saayd that they were aducrtiscd of the appointment that he had made with the xreat Turke, and that he would yecid the towne with coiienaiints by him taken, which, they suppoHPd ought not to be done without calling of them. And because they were not called to it, they sayd that they would not agree thereto, and that it were better for them to die, for the great Turke by some way would put them all to death, as wait done in Bellegrado in Ilungarie. How the lord great master sent two ambassadors for the Commons to the great Turke. VVHcn the rcuerend lord great master had heard their wordes, he sayd graciously to iheni, that as touching the acceptation of the great Turks offer, it was needful so to do in the de- gree that the towne w.is, and the causes wherefore he had done it the counseil had scene and discussed, and thai it was a thing that might not, nor ought not to be sayd nor published in common, for reporting of it to the enemies by traitours, but be kept stdl and secret. And moreouer, that it was concluded to make an answere shortly, for to take the great Turke at his word, least he repented him. For if they had bene called, or the answere had bene giucn, it had bene oucrlong businesse, and in the meane time the Turke might hauc changed his mind, and that that he had done and concluded with the great Turke, the lordes of ilu- counseil had well regarded and considered in all things, and for their protite and aduaniagc, :is much or more as for that of the Religion. And that they would send to the great Turke ngainc other ambassadoura, the better to know hi-i will, and to be surer of his promise. Then the lord great master ordained two other anibassadours for to goe to the great Turke, which were two Spaniardes, the one named sir Raimon Market, and the other messire I.^pcz, at whose issuing entered Sir Passin the first ambassadour, and the other two went to the tent of Acmek basha, for to leade them to the great Turke. And when they were within the Turkes pauillion, and had done him reuerence as appertained, our ambas.sadiiurs savd thai the great master had heard and seen his demauiid to yeeld the townc. And for j- it is a thing of great weight, and that he had to doe and say with many men of diners nations, and becau.se the time of answere was so short, hee might not doe that that hcc d-.-inaunded so soone. Ilowbeit hee would speake with his people, and then hcc would giuc him an answere. How the Turke began the assault, and how the Commons agreed to yecId towne. the i»l WHcn the great Turke heard the answere of our amb.issadours, he sayd nothing, but commaunded his Rashas that they should begin the battell againe to the towne, the which was done, and then the truce was broken, and the shot of the enemies was sharper then ii wa.s afore. And on the other side nothing, or very litle for fault of pouder: for that th.nt there was left, was kept for some great assault or necde. Ilowbeit the sayd Aniek R.ish.i kept one of the ambassadours, and ines.sirc Lopez onely entered. The great master seeing the warre begun, and the shot thicker then it was afore, and the enemies cntred hourely by their trenches further into the townc, called them that before had sayde to him, that thcv would not the towne should be veeldcd, but had rather for to die. And therefore the sayil lord sayd that he wns content for to die with them, and that they should dispose them to de- fend thensclues well, or to doe iheir cndcuour belter then they h.nd done in times past. And to the ende that each one of ihem should haue knowledge of his will (for as then he s|)ake but to foure or fine of them th.it gainesavd him) he made a cry through all the towne, that all they that were hidden to be at the posiernes or gates should giiie attendance, and not In come away day nor night on pavnc of death: for afore, the RhcMlians came but litle there. And that the other that were not of the posternes, or that were of his succours, should goe to the breach of Spaine where the savd lord was continually, and not to goe away day nor night on the aboue sayd payne. The sayd cry made, each one were obedient for a day or iwaine, howbeit a yoong Rhodian left his posterne and went to his house, which on the next day l)are cut fcr, mess woul fori nor sihii mak( savd grea > al tl wlii( and At towil he if •^-^■, Rhodtt. The lossc of Khtiiles. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. day wa* lian^id for brraking of the lordw commaundement. Notwithstanding that, by litic .111(1 liilc the people annoyed them, and their heartes failed, and left the posternea and lircarhcs: in xiirh wise, that the enemies might rome in without finding great reMiMtaunce, l)ii( of a fewc that tlic lord master caused to abide there (that is to wect) knightes of his Mircoiirs. And in tlic iiij;lit he sought out moc people for to kcene ^ watch at the said breach, and paied to ilu-in as much as they would. The sa) d lord seeing himself thus aban- ; on tlie other side, thai taking the towne by assault, he should lose manv ol his lolke ; and yet when liee had ouerconie ami wonne the towne, thev should fall earli \|)ou other in depariin;; of the bcu lie or pill.iite, doubling (I- nally the hazard td' warre. For these reasons and other thai mav lie allea'^ed, the great Tiuke had much rather to haiie ;lie towne by composition and Ireatie, then othiTwise. And it suf- fised him to driue his olde enemies out of the countre\s of I.eu.int, ami set the subiecis „\' his eounlrcvs in rest and surctie. And we of the towne that knew our weaknesie, iV; tliat wc might do no more, it scenied belter to saue so much small |)eople, then we and they to fall into the furic of our enemies, for otherwise roulil we not hauc done, but tempt Ciod, uiul died as in dispaire. Ilow the eilie of Rhodes was yeelded to the great Tiirke, and of the euill behauiour vl' cerlaine Tiirkes, BVt to rcturne to our principall : After that the reucrend great master had giuen his voyce to the veeldinR of the towne, he sent ihe said I'assin againc for to beare it to the great 'I'lirke. And with him went the two men lliat were chosen of the Commons, and lliev went all three together to the tent of Acmek Hasha. I'o whom the savd I'assin lir-l maile ihi-. piiions an- swere and conclusion to veeltl the towne. NoUsith-taiiding, he s.ivd the people had or- dained two men among them for to goe to the gre.il fiirke, to speake of liicir pariii iilar do- ings, and to haue some suretie of iheir per>'nns, wines, and childieii, to ilie ende lliat it xvere not done to them, as to those of i'ullegrado. The savd Acmek led the three amba-^>adoui-. toward the great Turke. And when t!icv were entered into the pauilion, iIk' s.ivile messire I'assin mrile the report of his ambassade to the sayil lord, and savd ih.it ihe great master veelded him the towne \!ider I'le promise made liy his lin|ieriall maiesiie, with the trealie promised. Of the whi( h promise hee held him sure and cirlame, and liuit hee wonid doe no lesse; howbeit, the people hid required him to ^'ine ihem licence to goe lo liis m.ieslie for to aske some recjue-t of liiin. I'ben ihe tvvti ( iii/.ens bc-on^bt the grc.it furke t'i;ii he would for suretie reinooue his c.irn])e lidin ihe lowne, to the ende ihal lliev should haue no maner of harme to tluir bodies nor goods, and lliat ihev tlial would goe, -.houM v.'V. am! that they that would abide still, might be well entreated, fhe great I'lirke answered bv in- interpreter to messire I'assin, that hee accepted the towne, and promised a^.iviievpon li:-. faith, and on his honour to the lord great master, tliat he would perfonne that he bad pri - mised, and sent to hini by the snnie l'a«sin that he shoidd not doubt of the cooir.Mv : and it ho had not ships ynott;;h for to larie his people and tt.eir goods, that hee wnuM let tliem haue of his, and thai he would deliuer fhe artillerie thai was wooni to be in the «lii|is <,f \ Religion. And as touiliing the recpiest of the people, he s.nvd thai In- would rcmooui' iln- eampe, and that thev thai would abid:-, might .abide, ami ihev should bee well enireattil. and should pav no tribute in hue vt-eres, and their children sliunld not be loin In d, and who so would goe wtlhin fhe savd sp.nce of line veeres, thev should goe in good nine, fhe-c wordes ended, our amhassadonrs tookc leane id him, iSi when lliev were ilcpiriivl. they sp.dvc againe with fhe saide Acmek liasha for to haue a letter of the contents of the promise ol' the savd lord. .Auil by his ( omniandemenl the savd Idler was tiiade, wherebv he promised to let go the great m.isler with .ill his knights, stringers and men « f the towne lli.il woulil go with their goods, willii.iit h.uiiiiu' displca-iire of anv (d' his people (d' the cainpe, or bv the wayes When llie letter wis made, il w:is delinere I t'l messire I'assin. ,\iid as toiichiii',' withdrawing of the rainpe, llie savd Haslia proini-e I agiine tli.il he would do it, sjmc liie great lord would so: howbeit he remou ed Ijiit fr nn liie trenches, and some of his people wen I f\ ) The tout f TRAFFfQUES. AND DISCOUKRIF.S. fi05 'ampp, townc, vcrilv wa>'tfd |)!:ir(N, ;>( willi- Wlll' 1)V line till' jiiii); li- lt Tiirlvr (I il siif. )ic( Is (if iV: that they li> 1(1, uiut went a I ■•ay off". Ami lh«* layil Basha dfmaiinilcd iti llic Tiirkcs bclnlfr, that ehcy shoiiM Hcncl u< 1 in h(i''taj;c foure and twrntic knigliK whcrrol' twoMhoiild bee of ilic great Crosne, ;ind tw( .Hid iwrniic citizens. And the Hayd lord should send onely a lapiaine with three or fi-iire huJulrcd lanisxaricn, lor to kccpe tlie townc when tlie ranipc were withdr.iwen. And so it was clone ; and beside this hee f,M\c tweluo dayrs respite to the lord j-reat miustcr, to prepare liiin and depart out of Rhodcfi. And in conilusion all this done, our ambassadourM rtlurni'd and mide the report to the rcuerend ureal master of all that lliey had done and pni( tised wilh the ^reaf Turke, and the s.iyd Hasha, and gaue him the letter lor to ^oe surely. Till II llie threat master with hiscounsell ordained the loiirc ami twcntic persons, and mlier of the towne. When thev were readie, they went to the (:anii)e, where they were well intreated foiirc- (laves. During; this time. Terra IJaslia passed I'lo tlie niaine land to the canii)e, with I'oure and iwcntie or flue and twentic thousand lanissaries, which by the commaundenient of the ;;real Tiirkc was ^one vpon the borders of the countreis of the Sophie. For the Turke seeing; the people of the cainpe discouraged and willin^j; no more to jjoe to the assaults, sent to thesa\(lc Daaha to conic to IJhodes with his peoijle, which would haue withstood mj sore, as fresh men. And it was the workc of (rod and a wondcrl'ull nnrade, that they canu- after that the appointment was made: for if thev had come afore, it is to be supposed that the deed had gone otherwise, and there had bene many strokes j^iucn: but I bcleeue that the ende should haue bene pitions for \s, but (icd would not tiiat the Turke should haue vicfori' \pon vs as 111 ,' mijjlit haue had, secinj; the f;reat aduaiintaije that he had in all things, but he blinded liim a;ul would not ihnt he should k.iow his might. And on the other part it may be saul and marueiled how it wms possible aK%'av to liiuie oiienoine our enemies in all assaults iV skirmishes, and at the end to loose the towne, it was the will cil' (iod tli.it so hath pleased for ^()me cause to \s vnknowen. It is to bee thought, that lackc of men and ginishot, and the enemies so I'arre within the towne, and ready to enter at other places, with the treasons haue ( aiiscd the towne to be lost. Two or three dayes after the comming of the savd Hasha, hi.s lanissaries and other of the campe entrcd into the Towne, which was on Christmas day, with- in the time giiieii lo vs, and then the Tiirkes word was broken, if it were his will or not, I cannot icll Neuerthelesse there was no sword drawen, and in that respei i promise was kept. Hut liu'v made pillaup, and cnteretl by force into the houses of the castle, and looke all that llicv iiiiLiht and would, .\fter that they had r.iiisacked the houses, they entered into the cliur( h(-s, and pilled all that they fiiind, and brake the images. .Viid there was no crmilix, nor figure of our ladv, nor of other saints, that were lelt whole. Then with great inluima- nine they went into the hdspitall of poore and sicke I'olke, (ailed the I'crmorie. and tooke all the sillier vcssell that the sicke foike were scrucd \\ith, and r.iiscd them out of their beds, and drone them away, some with great strokes and staiies, aiul some were cast downe from the galleries. When thise hounds had done that ade, thev went to the church (. I' saint loliii and looke downe the toinbes of the great masters, and s(iiij.hi if there were anv treasure hid in them, and they Inn cd ( crtaine wimien and ni.iideiis .And all ihev th.il were christened and had bene Turkes afnre, were they iren, w( men < r cliiMren, and children that the savd men had made christi.iiis, ihi y led infn 'fiirkie, which thing i- of greater im|)oitaiue then any of the other. The morrow after Christmas i!a\, the reucrend lord urcat mister went to the Kieat Turkes pauiilion lor to visile him, and to be better assured of his promise, llie which lord he made to l.e wd \' gr.uiously receiiicd. .Ami he siirnificd vnio him bv his interpreter, that the (ase so happened to him was a thing vsnall aiul common; as to loose townes and l( rdsh'ps, and that In e should not take outnr.iK li lluuiuht for il : and as lor his promise, he bade that he should not dnnlil in any thing, and that hi- shouM lO't leare an\ di-|j|(':\sure lo his person, and that he s'unild goe with his pecple without l\ ir.'. With these uordcs the. sayj lord thanked him, and to(>ko his leaue and (lepartcd riMs. |^ ' I N ■i*./ \.. ,1 vl \\ < - 1 l.( mi(i\ .\ I 'I t I ' \ I 71 M Irtifffi-f .V t V()YACi;s, NAIHGATIONS, Tradt lollu hitani. 51 1.P'iiiDy "f llir Trnniilntiir. (iOr liiilr hookc. .111(1 wncfiill Tnincdic, or till' iilindian t'lMri-riil oppiiKMalion, T> -ill (Ni.itCM I onipl.iiiiiii;; niiliriilly t)l iliiiif i-Hlnir, iiiul -udiliMi trnii^tiniilation: hvi ii<34. diiurs tall shi|)s of Lon- don, namely, The (,"lnis|oplur Campion, Ivhercin was Factor one Hoger W'hiitome; the .Marv George, wherein was Factor V\ illiam Gresham ; the great Mary Grace, the Owner'whi re- of, was William (junson, and the master one lohn Hely ; the Trinitic Fit/.-willi.ims, whereof Was m.isier Laurence .\rkey ; tlie Malhew of London, whereof was masier William Ca|)liiii;. with cerlaine other ships of Soiilhamplon and Hrislow, had an ordinarie and vsuall irade lo Sicilia, Caiulie, Chio, and somcwliilcii to C>pru.s, as also tu Tripoli^ and iiarulli in Svri.i. 'llie Liunnt. Trade to Slo. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. Wl vnio llif carle Iiiir^raiir I()iiri4 I'niiii ind Bcanif, the iuikc- Irr brutish) rrurrcnn- I'Aiji semi- ('i|)li'4 Weill ui>;ht fuortli Id llial Hovs- cil (nun till- |ucrc(l, what Uri-at Tiirkr llir IOkkIcs all the kin^t r < ompanit'-, iibtT of p«'i - p kin); as S. g() inilti in Ssria, ■■Hie The rommodilieii which they caried fhilhcrwcre fine KenieKof dlucrtroloiirt, rntine Keraiev, white Weneerne dozen*, Coltonii, rertaine riotlte* called StafiitM, and ofhert railed ('ardinal- whitr»,andCa!iieHkiniwhithwerewellMdld in Sicilie,&c. The comnKHlilict whieh they returned batke were Silk*, Chamletn, Hubarbe, Malmesien, MiwkadelH and other winen, nwccle oylc», cdtien wpol, Tiirkie carpctn, Oalle-<, Pepper, Cinamon, and nome other *v\ivn, Sic. IksideM the natiirall inhabitants of the forexayd placett, they had, eucn in thine dnycs, trafflf^uc with lewex, Turket, anNitb ithers, vn- laden in Portugale from Chio, SErenissimo Printipi, iloniino loanni Dei gratia Kegi Poriugalliie, & Algarbiorum citra iV \ltra mare in Africa, ac domino Guinea, & con(|iiistie, nauigationis, & commercij yEtliio- piie, Arabir, Persiu-, at(|ue India;, &c. Frairi, & amico nostro charissimo. lienricus Dei gratia, Itex Angliic, & Francitp, (idei defensor, ac doininus Hiherniac, Serc- nissimo Principi; domino loanni eadem gratia Kegi Portugallix, ilc Algarbiorfi citra & vltra mare in Africa, ac domino Ouineir, & conquist.-r nauigationis, tt coinercij .Ethiopia', Arabia*, Persiic, ati|; Indi;c tic. I'ratri, & amico nostro charissimo, salute. Tanto libenliCis, promp- tiusi|; iiistas omnes causas \esirir Scrcnititi commendandas suscipimus, cpianto apertiori in- dii^'4 nostroni, qui in eiusdem vestrx Screnitatis regno ac ditione negoliantur, subditorum testimonid cdgnoscimus, ipsam ex optimi prinripin oflicio ita accurati^, exact<sius Factor, Si negdtiorum gcstor naiiim «niandain Portugallensem, cui nomen erat Sancto Antonio, pr.Terdtqiie Diego Veren I'ortugallrnsis superioribiis incnsibiis in Candia conduxerit, cum naiiisq; pnrfecto coniienerit, M in instilam Chiiim ad (piasdam diuersi generis merces onerandas primo nauigaret, in Caii- fli.imquc mox aliarunt mercium onerandarum gratia rediref. omnes quidcm in hoc nostrum rrgniim postmotli'im aduecturus ad valorem circiter dundecim millium ducatorum, quem- ailmodiiin ex paclionis, conuenti(>nis(]ue instnimento a])erli6s constat, accidit, vt pracfatus Diego ve>tr.T Sereniiatiis Mibditu<, «licti« susceptis mercibus, & iam in itinere pariim fidcli- t^^, it longi^ pr.Tter inifas conuentioncs, grauissimo certe nostrorum siibditorum detrimcnlo, vbi in Portiigallin- portum diuertissel, sentenlia hue nauignndi nuilata, in emiem portii com- moreiur, nofitrdri'imqiie eiiain subditonim merces detineat quam iniiiriam (quiim suhditiN nostris in ve«trir Serenilalis regno, & ah eiiis subditd illata sit 1 1\ ^rcpiitate. ac iustitia ab ipsa corrigi, emend riiiiie mnlidiinii-, ndsiro quoque jJdtissimiim inimni, (pii \estra[' Serenitatis i|)sius(jue siibdil'Tiim caiis.w. iiieri(''s(|ue, si (juando in line nostrum rei;niiin a|)pMlcrinf, sem- per cdinmenilali-simas habenuis, id quod siipcriori aiiiio lestati siiimis: jiroiiide ip-ani vehe- inenter rogainiis, vt loannein HatHll'e prxsentiuin laidrein, & diili loaniiis Gresham iidiium Cdnstiiutuin iirocuralorem, huius rei causa istuc vciiicntcm, velit in suis agcndis, in dictis- (|uc bdiiis recuperandis, inipuntfupie asportandis reinittciulis(]ue vccligalibiis (quod nos in \esiros subditds fecimus) qiiuin jirr nauis pru'fectiim fraude, ac dolo istuc merces I'lierint adiiectic, nisi istic vcndantur, ac (oto deniqiie ex a'r ! I . J i , * t ! l.'r^■s^f and t in re I'or.siiiuli, aul i;i'.iuioii vi>stra Scrciiita* luw .«ibi {tnitilicaiuli ciijiidi-simos ''x- HTic'iiir, qiiii' Id'liciti'i' Mill a r,\ Kcji'ui iKi.-ilra lU" W'alllium, Dif lij. Octohr. \lt'S\, T \c >aiiic in r.n Knirlish, Mj;- I'O the lii'^li ami iiiij>liiy piiiirt', loliii l)y llic grace of God, kinp of Portii!>;alc, and of ariie on IIin side a.ul brNuii tlic . •■■' ill AlViia, lord of Ghiiiea, and of the conqurst, na- alimi, and Irafilquc ul' .Lihinpia, Aral)i.i. IVrsia, India, (!v:c. our most dccrc and \vcli)c- led hr.ther. Ik .f Ci .(!, i^ Lnnland and of France, defender of the faiiii. leiirv uv the graiv- i.i ii ui, Km;; oi i-ni;ian(i and oi trance, (leieiuier oi tnc laiin, and h)rd (it' Ireland: to lohn by the same uracc, kinj; of I'orliijjalc and Alijarne, on this side and bevoiul tlic sea in Afric.!. and lord of Ghinca, and of the conijucst, iiaiii;;atioii, and traflifjue of Aelhiiipia, Arabia, Persia, India, iS:c. our moit deare and welbeioned brother, scndelh U'rectinj;. So much y more willi'if;Iy and readily wc vndertake the reconimcndinjr of all iu-t causes \ nl) \(nu' hi;ihnc'srnied, that accordini;; to the dulie of a most wortliv ])rince, so carefully and exactiv vou minister iustice vnto euery man. that all men nin-i wiliiiii;lv rejiaire \nto your hif^thnesse, with full tru-t to oblaine the same. Whereas iherernn- our welbeioned and trustie subicct loliii (Jresham merchant of London, of late in humble mane r hath si!,'nified \nto vs, that one William Ileith his Factor and Assent, ccriaine Mioncths aijoc had hired in C'audie a cerlaine PnrlUijalc ship called Santo Antonio, (the pa- trniio whcreol' is liiei;o I'erez) and couenauntcd with the patrone of the sayd ship, that he should first sailc to the Isle of .Sio, to take in merchandize of sundry sortes, iV then eftsooiies retiirne to Candic, to be fraij;hted with other jioods, all which he was to bring into our king- dome of Lngland, to the value of l'i(KX) ducats, as by their Miles of couenant \: a^ree- nent more plainlv appearcth ; it so fel out, that y aforesaid Diego your highnes subicct ha- uiiig receiued the said goods, \crv tre'heroiisly tV much cotrarv to his couenant, to the ex- ceeding great losse of our >-ubiccts, |)ulting in by the way into an hauen of Portiigale, & altering his piirjiose of (oming iiit i Knglaml, he reniaineth still in that hauen, & likewise detsincth our subiccts goods. Which iniiiry (seeing it is done in your llighnes kingdomc) we hope your llighnes will see reformed according to equity & right, the rather at our rc- qne-l, which alwaycs haue had a speciall care of the causes & goods of your llighnes, & of \our subiects whensoeuer thev come into our kingdome, whereof wc made proofe the last yeere. Wiitreforc wee in~.tantlv r. (juest vour llighnes, y you would so receiue lohn Hat- clill'e the bearer of thes. ])rcsenl lelicrs, iV the new appointed agent of lohn Grcsham, which cuMiclli into vour dominions about this busines, being thus comendcd vnto you in this bnsi- ncs, iSj recouering & freely bringing home of the said goods, & in remitting of the customs, viile-se they were sold tliere ,,the like whereof wc did towards your subiccts) seeing by the Ir.uul ^t deceit of the patron of the ship, the wares were brought thither, & (inally in dis- paiching ^ whole matter, according to iustice, iV so further the same by directing your high- nes letters to your oflicers who it may conccrne, that we may pcrceiue, that our snbiecls right and liberty hath especially bene maintained \poi) this our < (immendaiion. Which wc will lake in most thankfuU jiart, and vour highnes slial find vs in the like or a greater niattermost ready to grntilie you, whom we wish most heartily well to fare. From our U-. I find that he the said William r.yms was factor in Chio, not only for his Master, but also for the duke of Norfolkes grace, I'v for many other worshipful marchants of London. .iMioug wliom I find the accompis of these especially, to wit, of his said .Master, sir William Howyer, of William iV Nicholas Wilford Marchant-taylors of London, of Thomas Curtis pew- tcrer, of lohn Starkey .Mercer, of William Osirige Marchant, & of Richard Field Draper And further 1 lind in the said ligier booke, a note of the .said liyms, of all such goods as he left in the hands of Robert Bye in Chio, who became his .Masters factor in his roome, and another like note of jjarticulers of goods that he left in the hands of Oliuer Les.son, seruant to William and Nicholas Wilfonl. .'\nd for proofe of the continuance of this trade vntill the end of the yccre l.'j.Vi. I found annexed vnto the former note of the goods left with Robert live in Chio, a letter being dated the '27 of N(uieniber l.YVi in London. The Epitaph of the valiant Esquire .M. Peter Read in the south lie of Saint Peter.'* Church in the (iiie of Norwich, which was knighted by Charles the Oft at the winning of Tunis in the yeere of our Lord Ih'.iH. HEre vnder lieth the corpes of Peter Reade Esquire, who hath worthily serucd, not onely his Prince and Counlrey, but also flic Emi)i'iour C^harles the lift, both at his cj)iK|UCst of Bar- baric, and at his siege at Tunis, as also in other places. Who had giuen him by the savd Em- pcrour for his valiant decdes the order of 15arbar\ . Who dyed the 29 day of December, in ihe veere of our Lord God 1,")()G. VOL. II. E e The itliew goeth m - 'lllr V ' ril ■ -^ A 1 ■ ■ 310 VOYAC.F.S, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Tho. Chahmcr. i . 1 f 1^ V Tht Darke Auchcr goot. Utlloiet The voyage of Sir Thomas Chaloiier to Algcr with Charles the fift 1541, drawen out of his booke De Repiiblica Angloruin instauranda. THomas Chalonerus patria Lnndinensis, studio Caninhrifi;ensi.<, eduratione aulirus, religi-' one pius, vert^que Christianus fuit. Iiaquc rum iuuenilcm aetatem, mentemq; suam huma- nioribus studijs robora-ihain. seriicd him or the gaily tormcs, ami lis strength ig hold with a and losse liis conntroy id Chio, Jarkc Auchcr I Chio in the > departed to 1551. The nie oner tiie It 10 miles to id there came t sir Anthony I oil our voy- last ofSpainc, I looke others Gibraltar that with contrary ' The Bo^cr lioAcnham. TRAFFIQUKS. AND DISCOUERIP.S. m M . Meiiin^ The first of March, we had s-ight of Sardenna, and the fift of the said month wee arriucd at Messina in Sicilia, and there discharged much goods, and remained th'-T-e vntill good Fry- day in Lent. The cliiefe niarchant that laded the sayd Rarke Aiicher was a march-oit stranger called An- Hclm Saluago, and because the time was then very dangerous, and no going into Leiiant, cs'jtciallv to Chio, without a safe conduct from the Turke, the said Anselm promised the owner Sir Anthony Auchcr, that we should receiuc the same at Messina. But I was posted from thence to Candi^i, and there I was answered that I should send tt Chio, and there I should haue mv safe conduct. I w.is forced to send one, and hee had his answpre that the Turke would giue none, willing me to looke what was best for me to doe, which was no small trouble to me, considering I was bound to deliuer the goods that were in the ship at Chio, or send them at mine aduenture. The marchanis without cnre of the losse of the ship would haue compelled me to goe, or semi their goods at mine aduenliire, the which I denied, and sayd plainely I would not goe, because the Turkes gallics were come forth to goe against Malta, The Turkt but by the French kin>!s means, he was pcrswaded to Icaue Malta, and to goe to Tripoly in JJnf''''^" — Uarb.Tv, which by the French he wan. In this time there were in Candia certainc Turkes ves- Main, scls called .Skvra-as, which had brought wheat thither to sell, and were ready to depart for Turkic. And thev departed in the morning be times, carving newes that I would not goe foorth: the same night I prepared beforehande what I thoujiht good, without making any man priiiie, vntill 1 sawe time. Then I had no small husines-e to cause my mariners to ven- ture with the ship in such a manifest danger. Neuerthelcs.se I wan them to goe all with me, except three which I set on land, and with all diligence I was readie to set foorth about eight of the clo( ke at night, being a fiire moone shine night, & went out. Then mv '.i marriners made such rccpiests vnto the rest of my men to come aborde, as 1 was constrained to take them in. And so with good wind we put into ;he Archipelago, iS. being among the Hands the winde .scanted, & 1 was forced to ankc- ut an Hand called Micone, where I taried 10 or 12 dales. The Bitkr hauinir a Grockc I'ilot to carrie the shin to Chio. In this meane season, there came many '^"'''■"" ^^' ~ I ' ' cone. small boles with mysson sayles to goe for Ciiio, with diuerse goods to sell. c'C' the I'ilot re- quested me that I would let them goe in mv com|)anv,to which I vccldcd. After the savde daycs expired, 1 waved & set saile for the Hand of Ciiio, with which place I fcl in the after noone, whereupon I cast to seaward againc to come with the Hand in the morning betimes. The foresaid snial vessels which came in my company, departed from me to win the shore, to get in y ni;;hl, but \pon a sudden thi / espied .i fovstes of Turkes comming vpon them to spoyle them. My I'ilot, hauing a sonne in one of tliosc small vessels, enfretcd mc to ca«t about towards them, which at his request I did, and being some thing farre from them, I cau.s- ed my (iunner to shooi i demycoluering at a fovst that was readie to enter one of the botes. This was so happy a shot, that it made the Turke to fall a sternc of the bote and to leaue him, by the which ineanes hee escaped. Then they all came to mc, and requested that they might hang at my sternc vnlill day li«;ht, by which time I came before theNIole of Chio, and sent my bote on land to the marchants of that place to send for their goods out of hand, or else I would returnc back with all to Candia, & ihey should fetch their goods there. But in line, what by perswasion of my merchants English men, & those of Chio, I was entreated to come into the harbour, and had a safe assurance for 20 davrs against the Turkes armv, with u bond of the cilie in the summc of liJOOO ducats. .So I made hast & solde such goods as I The loww.f h.id to Turkes that came thither, & put all in order, with as much sjieedc as 1 could, fearing *;''i°,ii^X.'' the comming of the Turkes nauie, of the which, the chicle of the citie knew right wel. So cmsfortht vpon ihc sudden they called me of great friendship, & in secret told me, I had no way to BiJk"A«h«. •aue my selfe but lo be gone, for said they, we be not able to defend yon, that are not able to helj) our selues, for the Turke where he commeth, taketh what he will, & leaueth what he list, but the chicle of the Turkes set order y none shal do any harme to the people or to their gomls. This was such news lo me, that indeed I wa^ at my wits end, & was brouuht into n any imagirations how to do, fer that the winde was conirarie. In fine, I dc- teriiiiiicd to goe foorth. But the marchants Ivnglisli men and other regarding more their '% ?■ M H. ]•: games \) 2\2 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, fuhn Lockr. It ^ I- «< ditc miirmiirr ap-iinjt th«ir The Turk's gaines tlion the ship, liiiulcrotl mc \cry iniuh in my purpose of .u;ninp Toorth, and maile the niarriners to conie to nie to di-niniind their wai^c-; to be payed tliein out of haiidc, and to haiie a time to eniphiy the same there. Hut God prouided so for me, that I paled tliem their money that ni^ht, and then rhai-»ed them, tliat if thcv would not ^et the ship foorth, I woidd make them to answere the same in England, with danger el' their heads. Many were married in Enf;land and had somewiiat to loose, tiiosc did sticke to nie. I had tweliic {gunners : the Master j;uiincr who uasamaddc biayned fellow, and the owners seniant had a pnrlament betweene themsclues. and he vpon the same came vp to me with his sword drawen, swearins; that hee had promised the owner Sir Anthonv Auilier, to line and die in the sayde shippe a;>ainst all that should otlcr anv harrnc to the shi])pe, and that he would lij^lit with the whole armic of the Turkes, and neuer veeidc : whU this I'eilow I had mueh to doe. but nt the last 1 made him con- fesse his fault and folinwe mine adiiise. Thus with much labour I };at out of the Mole of Chio, into the sea bv warpinj; loorth, with the heipe of Genoueses bote«, and a Freneh bole that was in the M(de, and bcinj; out (!od sent mee a speciall sale of winde to tjoe mv wav. Then I caused a i)ecte to be sliolte oH' for some of my men that were vet in the towne, I'v: with much a doe thev came aboord, and then I setsavlea litlle before one of ihe thuke, and I made all the sayle I ( ould, and about halfe an honre past two of the ciocke there came seuen rkcihc Bjlkc gailics Into Cliio to stay 'he sliippe : and (he admirall of them w.is in n great rai;e because sh<' Aichcr. ^^..^^ oDno. Whercupoii thev put some of the best in prison, and tookc all the men (if ihe three ships which I left in the port, and put them into the Gallies. Thev would haue fol- lowed after mee, but that ti\e townes men found mcanes thev did not. The next day came thither a hundred more of (ialiies, and there taried for their wiiole companic, which beinjj together were about two hundred \- ."lO sayle, takiniir-^e towards the Straits, where we entered the 21} day aforesayd, the winde bein^' very caline, but the cur- rent of t!ie sirailcs \ery faiioiirable. The same dav the winde beganne to rise somewhat, and blew a furthering pale, and so conliiuied at Northwest vntill we arriued at Legornc the third of liine. And from thence riding ouor land vnio \'cnice, 1 prepared for my voyage to Icrusaleni in the I'ilgrimcs shippf. I lohn I.ocke, accom]).inii'd with Maister Anthony IJastwold, with diners other, Hollanders, Zclandcrs, Almaiiu-; and rrenrh ]>ili{riines enlered the good shippe called Fila Cauena "' pJ"jf'',L' j'' Venice, the l(i of lulv l.")a'i. and the 17 in the morning we weighed our anker and led nhior icmii- i(>v\ardcs the coa»t of Istria, to the port of U niuno, and the said day there came aboaid of''"' . . i.iir sliip liic I'erceMena of the shippe luinied ranii>ari, for to recciuc the rest of all the pil- misttii. unines inonev. which wms in all after the rate of 55. Crowncs for eucry man for that voyage, . liter the rate of fine shillings starling to the crciwne: This dune he returned to Venice. The I'.* dav wo ti oke fresh victuals aboard, and with the boi that brought the fresh proui- -loM we went on land to the 'I'owne, and went to see the Church of Sancta Eufemia, where SinctiEiftmi.t. we >awe the liodie of the sayd Saint. The 'iO (lav wee dep.iried from Honignio, and about noone we had sight of Nfonic de .\n- M""" J' An. cona, and the hillcs of Dalmatia, or cUv of Sclationia both at one time, and by report they arc ""'' l(JO. miles nii;iiii) East southeast. Tiiis Hand is viuler the Signiorie or go- iiernemeiit of Itagiisa, it is distant l'nin\ IJagiisa .jO miles, and there is bv th;it Hand a greater, named Meleda, which is also \ luU r the goneinement of Kat^Usa, it is about ,'{0 miles in length, Mtitda. and inhabitetl, and hatli good porles, it Iveth bv East irom .Augusta, and oner against this Hand lyeth a hill called Monte S. Angcio, vpon the coast of Piiglia in Italy, and we had sight Moi«'Sant.iVn- ol both landes at one time. ^"'' The 23 we sa\ led all tl.e dav inng hv the l)o\iliiie alongst the coast of liagusa, and towardes night we were within 7. or X. miles of H:\gn«a, that we might sec the white walles, but because it was night, we cast about to the sea, minding at tlie sei oiid watch, to beare in againe to Ka- gu. giisa, for '.(> know the ncwcs of the Tiirkcs j,r: -, but the wincic l)Icw so hard and contrary, Risusa p.ifih ,1,3, ^yp could not. This citie of Rauusa paicth tribute to the Turkc yercly fourfecne Ihoii- 14000. Sfcninuf i«i' ■ i. . ^ r \r ■ -If I II !•■ loiheTurkr saHQ Sechmos, and eucry Sechino is of VenclMii nioiu-y I'l^ut lau-rs and two soldes, besides other presents which thev ^iue to tlie Turke< llass.is when they tonic thither. The Venetians banc a rocke or craggc within a mile of the said towne, for the whirh the Haguseos would giiie them much money, but they doe koepc it more for the namesake, then for profite. This rocke lieth on the Southside of the towne, and is called 11 Cromo, there is nothing on it but onely a Monasterie called Sant leroniino. Tiie inaine ol the Turken countrie is bordering on it within one mile, for the which Ciiuse they are in great subieclion. This night wee were put backe by contrarie winds, and ankercd at Mcllcda. The'i4 being at an anker vnder Mellcda, we would haue gone on land, but the wiiule came so fairc that we presently set sayle and went our course, iiiid left on (he right hand of vs the forenamed Hand, and on the left hand betweiMie vs and the maine the Hand of Zupanna, and within a mile of that vnder the maine by East, another Hand called Isola de Me/.o. Tlii^ Handhalh two Monasteries in it, one called Santa Maria de Di/o, and the other Sant Nicholo Also there i>a third rocke with a Frierie called S;)nt .Xndria: iliese Hands are from the maine but two miles, and the channell betweene Melleda and Zujjnnna is but foiire or fine miles oner bv gesse, but very deepe, for we had at an anker I'nrtie Caihnins. The two Hands of yiupaniia and Mc^o arc well inhabited, and \crv faire buildings, but nothing plenlie saue wine onely. This night toward sunneset it waxed < aline, and wesaylt-d little or nothing. The '24 we were past Kagusa 14 miles, and there we unite witii two Venetian shijx, whicii came from Cyprus, we thought they would haue spoken with vi, for we were desir- ous to tatke with them, to knowe the newes of the Turkes armie, ami to haue sent .some let- ters h\ thein to Venice. About noone, we had scant sight of CasicI nouo, which Castell a fewe yeeres past the Tiirke tooke from the r.mpcrour, in which light were slaine three hun- dred .Sjjaiii-h souldiers, be-ides the rest whic'i were taken prisniiers, and in.ide gallic sl.iues. n«t dc Caiiro. Jh\s ("astcH i> hard at the mouth ol a channell (ailed Ho ol .Vnliueri in Sclauonia, in the which hilles the Venetians iiaiie a lowne railed .\iiiiiuri, and llu- Tiirkes haue another acaiiist it called .Nfarcheuetii, the which two luwues cciiiliiui.iiU skirmish to);elher with much \t the eml of ih'-se hils endelli the ("ountrcv of Sclauonia, and .Mbania begin- neth. These hilles are thirlie mile-i liistaiit from liagus 1. The "21 we ke])t our course tow;irds I'li^lia, .iinl left .Mbania on ihe lelf hand. The ',H. we had .sight of boih the maincs, but we witc i.iere the coast uf ru^lia, f r feare ol Foystes. It is betweene Caj)e Chimera in All)ania and Cape Oiraiito in i'uglia W) miles. I'uglia is a plaine low lande, and Ciiimera in .-Vlbania is very high i;ind, so that it is scene the further. Thus savling our course along the coa-.! of Fu<;iia, we snw dinerse white Towers, whi(h seme for sci-markes. .About three ol the clo( ke in ilie alter nnone, we iiad sight of a rocke called II lano, 4S miles from Corfu, and bv sun ;e set we disi oi.eied Corfu. Thus we kept on our couise wilh a prosperous winde, and ina.le our wav alter tweliie mile euery houre. Most part of this w.iv we were accom])anied wilh certaine fishes called in the Italian tongue I'al^mide, it is a lish three quaiicrs of a yard in length, in colour, eating, and making like a Makarell, s.imewhat bi::ge and thick in brdy, and the i,i\le forked like a halfe mnone, for the which cause it is said ihal the Tiiike will n< I suflir them to be taken in all his dominions. The 2y in the morning we were in si;;ht of an Hand, whi( h we left on our left hande tailed Cephaliinia, it is vnder the Venetians and well inhabited, wilh a I'aire towne strongly siinated on a hill, of the which hill the Hand bearcth her nunc, it hath also a \erv strong fortresse or Casile, and pleiitie of erne and wine, their l.inguage is Crceke, it is disuni from the maine of Morea, thirlie miles, it is in compasse S() miles. One houre wiihin night we sayled by the towne st.mding on the South cape of Cephalonia, wherebv we might percciue their lights. Tiiere come oftenlinies into the treekes and riuers, the Turkes fovstes bitlr nouo. hiidiij. Antiufri. Mar,;hfuctti. I'he end of sclaiiciiia and ihf bfjinmni of slaughter Albania. rjjlia. C.ii< chimera Capf Otianlo. II fano. Corfu. ralomide. CrplialoDii Morea. I hn Locke. contrary, 'CDC thou- es, besidcit : Venetians ^eos would fitc. This r on it l)ut rdcrin<; 'ce were vindc ramc d of vs I lie panna, and Iczo. Tllii nt Nieholo 1 the maine r fine miles to Ilnnds of )lentio sauc • nothin;^. etiaii ships, were desir- iit some le(- lI> Castell a ■ three hun- ;allie shines, u'tians hauc il I'liriher \p n Sc'hiuonia, laue another T with much bania begin- 111. The '.8. r r fearc ol ia (K) miles, f it i.s seciie iuer.se while r noone, we e di>( ouered iir wav after •rtaiiie fishes th, in colour, l.ivie forivtd r ilieni to be iir left handc wne strongly X \ery strong , it is distant houre vsithiii fby we inij;ht , the Tiirkts fovste» John Locke. TlJAFriQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. tr» foystcs and gallies where at their arriuall, the Countrcy people doe signifie vnto their neigh- • bours by so many lights, as there arc foistes or gallies in the Hand, and thus they doe from one to another the whole Hand ouer. About three of the clockc in the afternoone the winde scanted, and wee minded to haue gone to Zante, but we could not for that night, zante. This Hand of Zante is distant from Cephalonia, 12 or l-t miles, but the towne of Ccpha- lunia, from the towne of Zante. is distant fortie miles. This night we went but little forward TH . ,{0 day we remained still turning vp and downe because the winde was contrary, and tov.irds night the wiiule mended, so that we entered the channel! betweene Cephalonia, & Zante, the which chanell is about eight or tenne miles ouer, and these two beare E.i.st and by .South, and West and by North from the otiicr. The towne of Zante lieth within a point oi' the land, where we came to an anker, at nine of the clocke at night. The .'{l about sixe of the clocke in the ini^rning, I with tiue Hollanders went on land, and lohn Lockt, and hosted at the licaisc of Pedro de Venetia. After breakfast we went to see the towne, and fi" HoiUndfit passing along we went into some of the Orceke churches, wherein we .sawc their Altarcs, images, and other ornaments. This done, wee went to a Monasterie of Friers called Sancta sanu Mini d« M;\ria dc la Croce, these are westerne Christians, for the Greekes hauc nothing to doe with iiCr«c. them, nor thcv wit!i the Greekes, for they ditl'er very much in religion. There arc but 2. Friers in this Friery. In this Monasterie we saw the tombe that M. T. Cicero, was buried m. T.Ci«ro. ill, witli Tereiitia .Viitonia, his wile. This tombe was foundc about sixe yceres since, when the Mdiia-itcrv was built, there was in time past a streete where the ti>mbe stoode. At the liiuiiiig (if the tombe there was also found a yard vnder ground, a square stone vomewhat longer then broad, vpon which stone was found a writing of two seuerall handes writing, the one as it seemed, for hiiiiii;;ht to Rome to the Emperoiir) went from Rome, and came to Zante, and there buried his head and arme, and wrote vpon his tombe this style M. f. Cicero. * llaiie Then followeih in other letters, Kl tu Tcrcntiii • Or, Aue. Antuhiu, which diflercnce of letters declare that tht-y were not written both at one time. The tombe is long and iiarrowe, and deepc, wallewne, and so high and ragged, that it will tyre any man or euer he be halfe way vp. Very nature hath fortified the walles and bulwarkes: It is by nature foure scpiare, and it commandeth the towne and porte. The Venetians haue alwaycs their I'odesta, or Gouernour, with his two Counsellours resident therein. The towne is well inhabited, & halh great qiiantitic of housholders. The Hand by report is threescore and tenne miles about, it is able to make twcntie thousand fighting men. They say they hauc alwaycs line or sixe hundred horsemen rcadic at an houres warn- ing. lli' 1^ ! '■ IMii*i ;^ " i' vl •i!i 1 y;'' '216 The Turk* I1.11I1 jttfinpttJ ihf VOYAGl-S. naui(;atioks. John J,orly. Thcv sav the Turke hnlh aHsn>cd if wilh KK) (iallics, hut ho roiiKI neucr hring hi< '" ' *- * ' 1-11 :.-...:- anv men in thi-* The Cisile of *I"ornf«e. Twfluc Turk* fC:iUirtaiModon, ind t'oron, and C'lndt.i. Mi>don< Coron. Oeti* dpe Spida. C. Silonion. purpose to passe. It i> strannc to mvc h(iw tlu'y shntiUi inuintaiiic ho many ilaiul, for their best siislcnaiue is >viiu', and tlic rc>f but niiseraljlc. The lirst of Aiif>iist we were wji-ncil aboonl l)y the patron, ami toward* eiieninjj >ve set «aylc, and had siglit of a Caslle t.illtd rornesto, whiih is the I'lirives, and \> ten miles IVoni Zante, it did belong to the Vencii.ins, but they haiie now lout it, it >tandetli also on a inl! on the sea side in Morea, All that iMj;lit wv li.irc into the ^e.i, because we li;ul newes at Zantc of twelue of the Turkes ^allies, that eaine from Hhcides, which were about .Modon, Coron, and Candia, for which raine we kept al the sea. The second of August wc had no sij;ht ol' land, but kept our course, and about the third watch the windc .scanted, so that we bare >Niih the shore, and had sight of .Nfodon and ('oron. The third wc had sight of Cauo Mattapan, and all that day by reason of contrary winder which blew somewhat hard, we lav a hull vntill nmrning. The (luirlli we were still vnder the sayd Cape, and so continued that dav. and tow.irdes nijthi there urewe a contention in the siiip amon;:st the Hollaiulers and it had like lo haiie bene a great iuconucnience, for we had all our weapons, yea euen our kniues taken fnnn \i that night. The (il't, wc sayled by the Howline, and "Ut of tiie top|)e we had sight of the Hand of Candia, and towardes noone we might see it plaine, ?.nd towards niglit the winde wa\cil cahne. The si\l toward the brcake of day we saw two small Hands called (!o/.i, and towaiil- noonc we were betweene them: the one of these IlaiuU is lifieenc miles about, and the other 10, miles. In those Hands are nourished store of laiicll for butter anti (hee-e. There are to the number of liftie or sixtie inhabitants, whidi aic Circekes, mikI ilicy Hue chiellv on milke and cheese. The Hand of Candia is 7C<> miles about, it is in length, from Cape Spada, to f i._i •)iu\ :\... :. :. ... .1..,.. »ut i„ i.!....i-...i .1 1 i:..i..:.. . Cape Salomon, .'i(M) miles, it is as they sa\, able to make one hni'.drcd tJKnisand (ightinu \Ve sa\ led betweene the (Jo/.i, ard Candia, ami they aie di-lant frcin Candia ;"> or <• 11, ami \crv good arclier-, and shoot ncere the marke. men. miles. The Candiots are slioui; men This llande is Iri'm Zante .'{(X) niile-^. The seuenlh we sa\ led all along ilie ^a'll llaiul wiiii iiiile winde and \nsiable, and tlie eight '■\* tot. -I,..!..- ii!iiKt iL-n ilcM.. r., tt... 1.' ._) jiiiit f.r tfi/> 1i-ii,,i 'ui saw no lauil. I'-fi, Miloii. Cauo Bianco. C411C dc la gattc. l.ilDlSi?. Caualrtu, ii a crnaiiie vfrniin* In (hr ltlat:d ui Crrlui. dav towards nij;ht we drew to llic I'.i.l end of the Hand. J'he !• and It) we s,i\!ril along witii a |,ri'..spci.iu> winde aii The II in the moi-nin;.!. we had sii^lil i.l llie Hand ntC'\ priis, and towards noonc we were thwart ti)e Caj)e called I'onia Malot.i, and alioui Inure oi the ( locke \ve were as Carre as B.illii, and about sunne set we passed Cauo Hianco, and tow.irds nine of the clocke at night we doubled Cauo dc la gatte, and ankered afore I.imi'so, but the wind blew so hard, that we could not come neere the towne, neither dni-f anv nii'n goe on land. The towne is from Cauo de le ^attc tweUie miles distant. 'i he 12. of -\ugust in the morning wee went ou laud to I.iMiis^o: this towne is ruinated and nothing in it worth writing, sane onelv in the niidsof the tnwne there hath bene a fur- tresse, which is now dec. lyed, and the wajs pari ouerlhrowen. which a Turkish Kouer with lerlaine gallics did destroy aliout 10. or l!i. \ceres p.ist. fhis d.iy walkint; to see the towne, we chanced to sec in the market phu e, a great ciuantilie of a certaine vermine lalled in the Italian tongue Caualetie. It is :>> I (an learne, both in slia])e .md i)ignesse like a grassehop- per, for I can iudge but little dillerence. Of the-e many yeercs they haue had sii< h o plagued with them, y almost etiery ycere they doe well nie loose liaife their eoine, whether it be the nature of the eountrev, or the plague of (i<)intcd for the same, the which officer taketh of them very (i(r;iij,'ht imaMire, anil wrilolh tlio names of the presenters, and piitteth the sajrd egges or si'cil, into a house appointed lor the same, and hailing the house Tull, they beate them to poikliT, and cast ilirni into the sea, and l)y this pollicic they doe as much as in them lieth for the (Icsiruition of ihcin. This vermino hrecdeth or ingendereth at the lime of corne being ripe, and the i ornc bevni; had away, in the clods of the same ground do the husbandmen /iiid ) nestes, or, as I may rather tcrme them, cases of the egges of the same vermine. Their nests are nuirh like to the kcics of a hasel-nut tree, when they be dried, and of the same length, but somewhat bigger, which ease being broken you shall see the egges lie nuirh like \ nto antes egges, but somewhat lesser. Thus much 1 haue written at this time, because I had no more lime of knowledge, but I trust at my returnc to note more of this island, with the commodities of the same at l.irge. The l.'i. day we went in the morning to the Oreekes church, to see the order of their ce- ^!" '"J,','^"" remonies, & of their communion, of the which to declare the whole order with the number (i[«ke of their ceremonious crossings, it were to long. Wherefore least I should oflTend any man, thutchr» I leauc it vnwrilten : but onely that I noted well, that in all their Communion or seruice, not one did cuer knecle, nor yet in anv of their Churches could I eucr see any graiien images, but painted or portrayed. Also they haue store of lainpes alight, almost for cuery image one. Their women arc alwayes sepcratcd from the men, and generally they are in the lower ende of the Church. This night we went aboord the ship, although the wind were contrary, we diil it because the patrone should not find any lacke of vs, as sometimes he did: when as tarviiig vpon his owne businesse, he would colour it with the delay of the pilgrimes. The 1+. dav in the morning we set saile, and lost sight of the Island of Cyprus, and the 15. dav wc were likewise at Sea, and sawe no land: and the Ki. day towards night, vre looked for land, but we sawe none. Hut because we supposed our selues to be necre our port, we tookc in all our sailes except onely the foresaile and the missen, and so we remain- ed all that night, The 17. day in the morning, we were by report of the Mariners, some sixe miles from lafTa, but it prooucd contrary. Hut because we would be sure, wee came to an anker seuen miles from the shore, and sent the skifT'e with the Pilot and the master gunner, to learne the coast, but they returned, not hauing seen tree nor house, nor spoken with any man. But when they came to the sea side againe, they went \ p a little hill standing hard by the brinke, whereon as they thought they sawe the hill of lerusaleiu, by the which the Pilot knew (af- ter his iudgcment) that wee were past our port. And so this place where we rode was, as the mariners sayd, about aO, mile from latla. This coast all alongst is very lowc, plaine, white, sandie, and desert, ibr which cause it hath fewe markcs or none, so that we rode here as it were in a gulfc betweene two Capes. The 18. day we abode still at anker, looking for a gale to returne backe, but it was con- a grot tutrmt. trary : and the 19. we set saile, but the currant hauing more force then the winde, we were driucu backe, insomurli, that the .ship being vnder saile, we cast the sounding lead, & (not- withstanding the wind) it remained before the shippe, there wee had muddie ground at fif- tcene fadome. The same day about 4. of the clocke, wee set .saile againe, and sayled West alongst the coast with a fresh side-winde. It chanced by fortune that the shippes Cat lept info ACitfaUfnint* the Sea, which being downe, kept her selfe very valiauntly aboue water, notwithstanding fhecoucKi"' great waue.s, still swimming, the which the master knowing, he caused the Skiffe with halfe a dosen men to goe towards her and fetch her againe, when she was almost halfe a mile from the shippe, anil all this while the ship lay on stales. I hardly beleeuc they would haue made sui h haste and mcanes if one of the company had bene in the like perill. They made the more haste because it was the patrons cat. This I haue written onely to note the estima- tion that cats are in, among the Italians, for generally they esteemc their catte.s, as in Eng- land we estceme a good Spaniell. The same night about tennc of the clocke the winde calmed, and because none of the shippe knewe where we were, we let fall an anker about 6 mile from the place wc were at before, and there wee had muddie ground at twclue fathome. vol.. 11. F f The m m. ' i' »:■'■"'■ I.: 1;^;. «18 VOYAOKS, NAUIOATFONS, John Locke, The 80 it wan still ralmc, ami llu- iiirrrnt so stroma still one way, that wo wore iidt ahic to 111 whore (loul)li trliilliPr Thfv met with Thf twotowcri 111 liir>. Sci'lio di Santo Ptlio. A mesfcpf f r df- f irtcth for Uru- ulrm. Mihomet il clothed in irctnc. The Guardian tf Icriiialem cum* mrth lo Itlfj, with th- Cidy, and Suljjsvi. A cloud callrd of the Il*Iuni tiori must daii^cruus. «temmc thi' sircame : morcniiiT wf kiu wre were past, or short of our port, the Ma^irr, I'ilot, and oilier Ollifers of the shippe cn- tcreil into coimsi'll wlial was hoi lo iloe, whcrcvpon they aurocd lo senile llie l»itc on lande againc, to sccko some man to speake witli all, but ihcy rcliirneil as wi te as iheV went. Then we set savle ajjaine and sounded ciierv mile or halfe mile, and loiKul still one depth, so we noi knowing where we were, ranie ajjaine lo an anker, seiieii or eij^ht miles In West from the plate we were al. Thus still doul'liii.!; where we were, the hole went on land a>{ainp, and bron;;ht newcs that wee were short SO miles of the plaie, whereas we ihounht wee lud beene ouersiiot bv eastlifiie miles. Thus in these doubts we lost Inure dayes, niiil neiier a man in the sliipjie able lo tell where we were, nolwilhstaiidin); there were diuerse in the shippe that had beeiie there before. Then snyd the I'ylot, that at his ((immiiii; to the shore, bv chance he saw two wavfaiinij men, which were Moores, and he crved to them in Turkish, insomuch ihit the Moores, partly tor leare, and partly for lat ke of vndcrstandini;, (seeiiii; iliein to be Chrisiiaiis) be)(aniie lo flie, yet in the end with much a doe, ihev stayed lo spi ake with ihem, wliich men when they came together, were not able to viidersiaiid ech other, but our men made to them the si^ne of the Crosse on the sande, to j;iiie them to \ndirstand tl at lhe\ were of the sliippe that brought the pilgrims. Then the Moores knowin<; (a.s al •he cou'itrv else doth) thai it was the \se of ("hristiaiis to j;o lo lenisaiem, shewed them to be \cl by west ol" I.dlii. Thus we remained all that night at anker, aiulthe I'ariher west that we say led, the lessc water we h.ad. The '21 we set sayle againe, and kept our cutirse Northeast, but because we would not goe alonj; the shore by night, wee came to an anker in foure and Iwentie I'alhome water. Tiieii the next morning being the 9!i we set s.i\le .igaine, and kept our course as before, and about three of the clocke in the afiernoone wee hail sight of the two towers of lallii, and about fine uf the clocke, wee were with a roike, called in the Italian tonuiie, Scolio di Santo I'e- Iro, on the wliiih r eke they say he fished, when Christ bid him cast his net on the right side, and caiigiit so many lishes. This rocke is now almost worne away. It is from laHa two or three mile: here before tiie two towers we (Mine to an anker Then the pilgrimes after itiipper, in salutation (.1 the liolv laiule, sang to the pcusf ol' (iod, Te Deiim laudamus, with Magniticat. and Uenedicius, but in the shippe was a I'tier of .Sanio Francisco, who for an- ger because he was not (ailed and warned, would not sing with vs, so that he stood so miirh vpon his dignitie, that he forgot his sjmpliciiie, and neglected his deiintion to the holv land for that lime, saying that first ihev ought to haue < .died him yer they did beginne, betaiise he was a Fryer, and had beene there, and knewe the orders. The i: the .Meniwe, with the P.idre guar- dian, but lliey could iioi come al vs l)\ reason o( the stonnv weather: in the afternoone we assayed lo send the bole on land, but the weather wmild not sufb'r vs. Then ag.iine toward night the bote went a shore, but it n turned not that night, 'flie same dav in the afK-rnonne we sawe in the element, a cloud with a long l,i\ le, like viito the tavie of a serpent, which (loud is called in Italian Cion, the tavle of this cloud did hang ;is it were into the sea: and we dill see the water Mider the .sa\ile clniule ascend, .is it were like a smoke or invste, the whiiii this Cion drew \ [) to it. T he .Marriners rep 'iled lo ss th it it had this pre perlie, tli:it if it should lia|)pen to haue lighted on anv part of the sliippe, that it would rent and wrelh i^ayles, mast, shroudes and shippe and ;ill in manner like a w. th : on the land, trees, houses, or whatsocuer else it lighieth on, it would rent :ind wrelh. These marriners did vse a cer- laine John Locke. not able to lin;; whillicr • sliippi' en- )|c on hindo went. 'I'licn li'plli, so we \ West from land ajrainc, ii{ht vvjT had and lienor a in ilicshi|)pf llic xhiirc, l)v 1 in Turkish, linn, i^i'i'ii'i; Vfd to spi iki- lid I'lh other, to \ndirstniid lowiiii; (as al ewed them to ihcr west tliat would not j;i>e water, 'rheii ore, and alioiit illli, and al)oiit di Santo I'e- t on the ri^^ht Iroin latla two piljjrimcs after hiiidanuK, with o, who fiif an- stood so iniirh () the holy land j;iiine, heiaiiso n of leriisalein. in Tiirkie, tliai vent in <;reene cap, whit h was \)r of the Padre he I'adre giiar- ' al'leriioone wi- 1 a^aiiie toward 1 llif afiernoiiiic serpent, whicli to the sea : and V or mvste, the . pn perlie, that rent and wieth d, trees, houses, rs did vse a i cr- taine h)hii Locke. riiAri'KiuivS, AND nisrouF.uiKS. lainc coniiiratinn to lircakc the >tay(l layle, or eiit it in two, which a* thpy My doth prciiaile. I'hey dill lake a Mac ke lafled knife, and with the cd>;e of the same did crosse the said taile as if they would (iii it in twain, saving these words, Mold ihoii ('ion, eat this, and then lliev sIik ke llic knife on the ship side with the edjje towards the said clmide, and I saw it therewith vaiii.h in lesse then one ipiarterof an lioiire. Hut whether it was then ron- siinied, or wiielher tiv vertiie of the Inchantinent it did vanish I knowe not, \n\\ \\ was i;one. Hereof let them iiidj^e that know more then I. This afternoone we had no winde, hut I'le Sea very sttormv, insoniin li that neither eheste, pot, nor any thinj; eUe could s:.i;n! i,, fhe shippe, and wee were driiien to keepe our meatc in one hand, and the pot in the other, and so sit dowiie vpon the hatches fn eate, for stand we could not, for that the Seas in 'I'c very port at an anker went so hijjh as if wee had bene in the liay of Portiijfall -..ith sliiruty wca- ther. The reason is, as the Marinei-s said to me, liecause that there meete all the wanes from .ill ])laces of the Siraiuhts of (iibralter, and there breake, and that in most caimcs there f;o greatest seas, whether the winde blow or not. The '2S. the weather ^jrowin;; somewhat calme, wee went on land and rested our seines for that (lav, and llie next dav we set forward toward the citv ( f leriisalem. What I did, and what place of deuotion I visited in leriisalem, and other parts of the Holv land, from this inv de|)arliire (rom lallii, vntill inv retnrne to the said port, may briefly be scene in mv I'esiiinoniall, \nder the hand »'<: scale of the Vicar nenerail ol' Mount Sion, whiv:h for the contenlinent of the Header I tiioii);ht jjood here fo interlace. VNinersis 8c siniiiilis pr.iseniis liiieras inspeciuris salntem in Domino iiostro lesii Christo. Atlestainur vobis ac alijs (]nil)us(im(|;, (pialiler honorabijis vir lohannes |,ok cinis I.ondoni- ensis, (iliiis honoraliilis \ iri (iuilhelini l.ok ecpiitis aiirati, ad sacratissima terra; salicln' loc.i personaliter se <-ontiilii, sanr|iide one, but in proportion they were wings and of a ^ood length. These wings grow out belweeiio the gils and the carkasse of - V f 'i the 2IU A conijritiaii Thr pilgrimfs rcmtiit I'fum Itrni^jk'ii). M'Hii.t Ciin'.fl ^^, 't ■< I ri u < (■'(I ..■^1 '■t¥ i:.\: f « ' >v 2S0 tnn ulunkuil, VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, John Locke. Cauo fit U CIrirp. Ainicho lU Vf lini. Siie horMmcn i<> witchtht i

  • tlir wamc (i«h. They are cBllod in the Italian tonxuo Pence rolumbini, for in drcdc, the winj{» liciiin Njiri'd it in lilic tt> a flyinj; doiip, tliry »;iy it will llir (arre, iind very hinh So it sremcth that brin^ weary >1 her liiKhl, i«he tell into the boate, and not being aliic to ri<iilni){ht we ankercd l)\ N irlh of the Cape. Thit rape it a hijjh hil, lonj; and Ncpiare, and on the Kasi corner it hath a hinh «d|», thai appraietli \nro thone al the oea, like a while c loud, for toward the sea it i' while, and it lieth into tlie mim Southwest. This roast of Cyprus is hiuh deflininj{ toward the sea, but it hath no clillesi The 'H't. we net saile aKaine, and toward noone we rame into the port nf Salini, where we went on land and hid)(ed that iii^ht at a towne one mile I'roin thence called Arnarho di Sa- lini, this is i)ut a \il|j):e (ailed in Italian, (.'.isalia. This it di coiiueyed by a trench into the sea This w.iter is let runne in about October, or -oorier or 'ater, as the time of the veere doth alforde. There they let i' rcinaiiie Milill the I'lide of r.ily or ll'.e middest of August, out of which pits at that time, in stead of water that they let in they gather \erv faire white sail, without any further art or labour, for it is only done by the great heaie of the suiine. Thi.s the Venetians haue, ami doe inaintaine to the vse of S. iMarke, and the Venetian »hips that come to this Island are IhuiiuI t,onie heapes able to hule nine or tenne fhippcs. .osl jhcrc are heapes of two yecre«t fjatherio}; some of three and some of nine or tenne \ccn . ni.ikin!;, lo the value of a >»reat summe ttf };iilde, and when the ships do lade, they neiicr I. ike it bv mca-ure. but when ihcy come at \'«'Mice thev measure it. This salt as it l\ci>i m ihe pit is like so muih ice, and it is si\e inches ihicke : ihev di;;f,'e ii with a.xes, ami < m^e their .l.inc» to cary it to the heapen. This night at niidiiighl we rode to Famagusta, which is eight leagues from Salina, which is 24 English miles. The 2!) about two hciins before dav, we alighted at Famagusta, and .ifter we were re- freshed we went to sec the towne. This is a verv l.iire strong holdc, .irid the strongest and greatest in the Hand. The wallcs are faire and new, and sirongK runpired with f ore prin- cipall bulwarkes, and betweene them turiions, rcspomliiig nnc i.i another, these w.illcs (|j,| tlie Venetians make. Tliev haue also on the hiuen side "I r .i Ca>ilc. and liie hanen is chained, the ( ilie hath onelv two gales, tosav, one fur the l.imic and another for tiie -e.i thev haue in the towne continualK, be it pea( e or warres, SIJll smiKlitrs. and fnriie and si\e gunners, besides Captaines, petie Captaiiies, (Jducriioiir ni iUi<'nerall. The laiule gate hath alwayes fiftie souldiers, pikes an this (Li great cin nil, and there he to this day not onelv ijirre, but .ilso in many ph or trenih the\ linde sotnctin»e> oldeai of Copper, yea and niaiu lombcs and is (roin the other, fmire miles, and slai we returned to new l-^on.nginta againe and in the great Church we sawe the I nnis, and was buried in the vere of CI had to vsife one of ihe d uightcrs of this day hath great reueniies in this chalenge the kingdome oI Cyprus. The fir-.i of Oridbrr in the morning we went to (rue of the (Jrceke- Chiirc one of the .seuen larres of water, the w It is a pot of earth very (aire, white en and h.ith on either side of it, instead ol .ingei. wings, it w.is about an elle high n'spondent in ciriuit to the boltome, I gallons, and hath a tap-hole to drawe \ it be one of them or no, I know not. say, by reason of certaine inarish grou sii knesNC rai^ning in the same town they haiic it in other townes, but nol eves, the which if it l.ei- not (piicki almost in that townr, they haue aboii and it ( ommeih for the most part in met diucrs times three and foure at i is better cheape in Kaniagw«ta then i kinde ol prouiMon within iheir libert.. The second of Octidicrwe returned towne is a pretic Village, there are th h.ith bene great ouerthrow of biiKling digging vnder ground, either coines see many, so that in elfect, all alongst mine and ouerthrow of buildings ; f before Saint Helens time for lacke ol ouerthrowen by Richard the (irst of tha sisters rauishment comming to lerusa of Famagusta. The sixt day wc rid to Nicosia, wh and twentie Italian miles. This is th it it) not strong neither of walles nor hn t.oekc. Tn,\ri'iaui:s. and Disrounniis. s»i N.ini KithtrtM C'lij|'t siiifiT ihrrn in drpnrf ifnrc .'». yoriH br rxpirrd, nnil there may ncriie of all natinno c 1 ()i (i'-fokcs. '[\\v\ haul* iMiiTv |);iv, whiih ii 4f). Nlo/cniuiw, which in IftMomiii*. lliMu^ -ifrrlini; I hr r horsemen h:iiie only xixe xoldcs Veiieliaii a day, and prouendcr lor s.ij. o< v.. •ir liorspt, hut thev haiie aluo ceriainc laiule therewith to |iImw and howc lor the niainte-'""' nic ol tlicir hoptcs, hut triicly I marii'-ll how they line heinj; -lo hartlly led, lor all the nmcr ihev leedconlv \|Mn ehopf «lraVKC and harlev. lor hey they ha'ie none, and yet they laire Iht awl srriiirfaMf. The Venetians send cnery two yeeroM new riilert, whieh they I l.'a>i('llnhi. The townr hath allowed it nNo iwr) ^allie'* eonlinnally armed and riirnished. Ctitdlmi. The .Ml ill the inr)riiin^ we riddc to a rhapijcll, where they -ay Siint Katheriii was borne, is ('Ii4|)prll sinolde I"aina){iis(a, the wi^irh was destroyed by I^njjlshineii, and is ( leane erihn wnc lo the uriiniid, |o this day olate and not inhabited by any prnton, it was of a at cireiiii, and there be to this day inountaines ol' I'aire, f^re.il, and MtroiiK buildings, and t onelv there, but .ilso in many placeH of the Hand, Morcouer when they digife, plowe, treiuh lhe\ linde somrtime^ oldeanlient coiner, • day hath jtreat reueniies in this Island, and by meani* of thai mariage, the VciictiaiH ilenj;e the kin;;dome ol' ('y|)riiH. Tin- first of October in the mornini;, we went to see the reliel'e of the watches. That done, went to one of the (ircekes Chiiri hes lo sec a pot or l.irrc of stone, which is sayoiue, with a io!i>; net ke and cor- it not no much. It is a rertaine rrdnesse and paine of the cs, the which if it bei- not tpiickiy holpcii, it takeih away their sij;ht, so that yeerely nost in that towne, Ihey haue about Iwentie thai lose their night, either of one eye or both, cl it ( ommeth for the most pari in this monelh of October, and the last moneth : for I haue rt diucrs times three and foure at once in companies, both men and women. Their lining better cheape in Faniniju-ifa then in anv other place of the I-land, because ihcre may no ide of prouihion within their libertie bee s(dde out of the Cilie. The second of <)c,ii, d tweiitie Italian miles. This is the anrienlcst citie of the Hand, anil is w.illcd about, but in not strong neither of walles nor situation : It is by report three Cyprus iniU> al>oui. it is Hut No vitjilff muit bf (tiW til* cf thr uty uf rjni.-giMtj. C'TfM TLlillM :..r ,iji. Cyi'nii \b, vete. diiiiilubitri tnr I.K'ke uf watfr. C'v! r. rui;i,iiei by Ki.h.itir I H m'\' ! I 'hi M iij <)•;•) tt-Jl wj!i -rlh in (he k itif. A Uii-rt:ii 1 ft. J. Meilii.g. >. Soph. J i^ .1 I' ilhi-dul .1 .uiwI'NI- VOYAGKS. NAUIGATIONS. lohn lA)cltluT triiilcx. There dwell all the (Jcntilitie df the l-laiid and there hath eiiery ("aiullier or ("oiite of the Nland an hahiiatio lere is in this iiiie one loiintaine rented bv saint Nfarke, >vhieh is bound eiiery eit,hl tla\es onec, to water all the _£;ardeMs in the towue, and the keeper of this j'lnintainc hath lor eiicry tree a Hi/antin, which is twelue soldes Venice, and six iience sterlinir. He that hath that to farme, with a f'aire and profitable jjarden thereto belonijin;:, paieth euery vcerc to saint Marke, (iftcene hiindn'd irownrs. The streetes of the eiiie are not paiicil. whieh maketh it with the ((uantilio of the jjardens, in scenic but a nirall habitati.m. J5ut there be many faire buildings in the Citie, there be alx) Monasteries both of Franks I'v: (ireckcs. The ("alhcdrall church is called Santa Sophia, in the which there is an old tonibe of I.xs|)is stone, all of one piece, made in forme of a cariairc cofVer, twchie sjianncs h'lijr, sixe spanncs broad, and seiicn spanncs high, which thcv sa\ was found viuler ;;rouiid. It is as faire a stone as cuer I hauc scene. The scuenth day wc rid to a (irccke Frierie halfc a mile without the towne. It is a vcrv pleasaunt place, and the Frieis fc.istcd vs according to their abilitie. These Friers are such ;is liaue bene I'ricsts. and their wines dying they must become Friers of this place, and neiicr after e.itc llc^lt, for if thev do, thcv are dcpriucd (rom saving n'assc: neither, after thcv banc t.ilvcn \ pi n ilicni this order, niav thev marr\' againe, but thcv mav keepe a single W( man. Tlu-e (.rccki-h I'ricis are very continent and chast, and surely I hauc .seldomc seen (which I haiu' well noted I any of them fat. The S. (lav we rcturneliich liill is from Arnadio l.j. Italian miles, Vpon the sa\d hill is a certainc cros»c, which i». thcv s;i\, a \w\\ Crosse. This Crosse in times past did b\ their r(])ort of th? Nland, h.uig in the a\re, but hv a certainc carthcjuake, the crosse and the chappell it hung in, were oucrthrowen, so that ncucr since it would hang againe in the aire. I?ut it is now coucrcd \>ith silucr. and hath.'f drops of our lordcs blood on it (as thcv sav) and there is in the mid-t of the great crossc, .i little crosse made of the crosse of Christ, but it is cli)-. the patrone sent forvs; but b\ reason that one fif our conipanv uas not well, wc \\cnt not presently, but we were forced afterward to hire a boatc. anil to oiicrtake the ship tenne miles into the sea. .\\ this I.imisso all the .'eneti.in ship* lade wine for their proiiision, and some lor to sell, and also \ini'gcr. Thcv Lideal- ;rcat stmc .f Car rol)i or , the counlrcx ihereabou It ad loining, and a II If le inonn- tainc- are Inl .f C irroni trees, thcv lnd( al: )t(on wooll there. In the -avd towne wc did see a ( i rtainc foule of the 1 md i whereof there are many in this Island) named in the li.i- lian tongue X'tiltiire. It is a fciule that is as big as a Swanne, and it liueth \pon carion. The skinne is lull of soli doune, like to a fine furre, whiih they vse to oci upie uhen they hane enill stoinacks. and it maketh good digestion. This bird (as they say) \\\\\ eate as much at one nieale as sIkiM 'criie linn fort le (la\es alter, am d wil'iiin the comjiassc of that time cartll lor no more inc.ilc 'I'he ( mintrev people, when tliev haue anv dead beast, thev carv il into the inountaincs, or where lliev suppose the .savcl Vultures to haunt, the\ seeing the carion doc inihicdiatelv greedily sca/,e vpon it, and do'" -o ingraft their t.ilcnl*, that thev cannot )ine and kill tlieni : somi'iimes ihev kill thev haue. fliis foule is \ery gnat -|)ec(tily rise aga\ lie bv reason ^^hc^eo )l the the pcop em Willi ilogs, ,111(1 somtiines with such weap ns and hard\ , much \\V Fagic in the leathers of her wings and backe, but \nder her great leathers she is onclv doune, her iic(kc also long and full of doune. She hath on the « sliips iia, wl Iwecii hut .11 lion : I'lcmJ Thj nanc(| striki of th(| riirkJ whicll Thl and tl in Locke •;!!<• tree-!, «• l-Iaiul, lliis citic trr all the in, wliiih r.iiro and hundred itic of the the Citic, lied Santa n lorme ol' i{;li, whiih I is a verv rs are sn( h and nciifr ihey haiie ;lc \V( man. ■en (wlij(h V nmipanv liill is li'iiin sav, a h(il\ \ re, l)ut I'v ) that neiuT ith .'{ driijis :)S>e, a lillle t' villi will , in the wall, his was icild he moniiiii;; rarv wintUs ere we went lilt 1)\ reason •d afterward inis>(> all the eeer. Tlu-v II the nioiin- owne wc did •d in the li.i- earimi. I'lii- n they haiie • as nimli at ; time careili car\ it into \. aii.l 'JO. we were at sea with calme sommcr weather, and the '20. we had some raine, and saw anotiier Cion in the element. I'his day also we -awe, and spake with a Anjti.tr Cun Venetian ship called el Boiina, bound for Cipnis. .a >hr,. caiicj The '.^1. we sailed with a rea-oiiable gale, and saw no land vntil the 4. of Noiicmber. This ' (lav we had raine, thunder, lightening, and much wind and stormie we.ithcr, but Gud be -^fi'"' """P'*' jiraised we e-caped all dangers. The 4. of N'ouember, we had lirst sight of the Ulaiul of Candia, and we fell with the Islands called (iozi, by Snuth of Candia, This day departed (his present life, one of our company CaiKib.Ooii. ii.im'.il .\Mlhonie Gclber of Prussia, who oncly tooke his surlet ofCvpriis wine. This night .Ant.int Ocii>-i we determined to ride a trie, because the wind was contrary, and the weather troublesome. jijr.'i'tiii ii". The ."». we had very rough stormie weather. This day was the sayd Anthonie Gelber sowed in a Chauina filled with stones and throwen into the sea. By reason of the freshnes of the wind we would haiie made toward the shore, but the wind put vs to the sea, where we endured a great storme and a troublesome night. The (>. 7. and 8. we were continually at the sea, & this day at iioone the winil came faire, wlierebv we recouerrd the way which we had lo>t, and sailed out of sight of Candia. I'lie !• we sailed all day with a jirosperous wind after 14. mile an houre: and the 10. in the morninu', wee had sight of Cauo .Slatapan, and by iicoiie of Cauo Gallo, in .Morea, with which Ciuo Mjuri:.. land we m.ide by reason of contrary wind, likewise we had sight of Modon, vnder the which m^o,,.' ' place we ankered. This Modon is a strong towne, and built in the se.i, and ioineth on the North side to the land. It hath a litle castle built into the sea, with a peere for lifle ships and galleis to harbour in. It hath on the Smith side of the chanell, the Hand of Sajiien- .sipicmia. lia, wiili oiher litle Islands all disinhabited The chanell lieth .Southwe-t and Northeast be- twcene the Islands ami .Mona, wliicii is lirme laiul. This .Modon was built liy tlif Venetians, hut as some say it was taken Iro them by force of tlie Turke, and others .-av by coni|)osi- lion : in like c.ise ("oron, ami Nnpolis de Uomania, whi( h is also in Morea I'his ijight the f^'J"'i, ,^ r , I'leinmish pilgrimes being dninke would haiieslaine the j)airone because he ankered here. mmu. The 1 1, day we set saile againe, and as we pas.sed by Modon, we saluted them with ordi- nance, for they that passe bv this place, must salute with ordinance, (if the\ haue) or els bv >lriking their top sailes, for if they doe not, the towne will shoot at them. This da\ toward 2. - I'urneste, '-'■'"''■''■"""I' and the Island of Zante. '1 his castle is on the lirmc land Muler the Turke fhis iii^ht we a i-'" "" kied M If' lis h. .v'f ■" [mi *■> 1 .1' ■! ■ |i / '0! VI yo4 V'OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. lohn Lorkf. Vri'd .iforc the lowne of Zanic, wlicro \vc fliat ni>jht went on land, and rested there the 13. This night t>ie ship tookc in vi- eii thr ccajt 01 AIKn.1.1. Curfu MjiiJ. i'he dr'inptioil '•("the lorcc iil" I i.t Ii'anJof C'urlu it very fl<-i liliill. A Ja Valor MelrJ H. and 15. at night we were w.irncil aboord l>y the palrone. failcs and other necessaries. Tiic 16. in tlic morninu: we set saile with a i)rosperoiis wind, and the 17. we had sight of Cauo i\q santa Nfaria in Albania on mir ri<;ht hand, and Corfn on the Iclt hand. This nijjht we ankcred before the laslles of Cnrlii, and went on land and refreshed our seines. The 18. by mcanesof a fiioml we were lirenced to enter the castle or fortresse of Corfu, which is not onely of situation the strnPijcsf I hnnc seene, but also of edification. It hath for the Inner wnrtle two stronj; castles situated on the top of two high cragges of a rocke, a bow shoot distant the one from the other: the rorke is vnas.saultable, for the second warde it hath strong walles with rani])icrs and trenches made as well as any arte can deuise. For the third w.irde and viterntost, it hath very stronij walles with rampires of the rocke it selfe cut out by force, and trenched about with the se.i. The bulwarkcs of the vttermost w.arde are not yet finished, which are in number but two: there are continually in the castle scuen hundred soul- dicnirs. .'\No it h.ith continually loure wardes, to wit, for the land entric one, for the sea en- trie another, and Iwn other wardes. Artillerie and other munition of defence alwa\es readie plnnfed it hath sutlic ient, besides the store remaining in their sti^rehouse^ The Venetians hold ihs for the key of all their dominions, and for strength it may be no les.se. This Island is \erv fruitfull and picntifull of wine and corne very good, and oliues great store. This Iilaud ix |)artcd from .■Vll)ania with a chanell. in some j)lares eight and ten, and ■•• other but three miles. .Mbania is vnder the Turke, but in it are many Christians. All the horsemen of K^'or- fu arc Albaneses; the Island is not abone H(>. or *M). miles in conipas.se. Tl • M>. 5if>. and '21. we rem:iiii«l in thelowne of Corfu. The • '. day wee went aboord and set saile, the wind being very calme wee toed the shiji all " I , v.nd toward Snnne set, the castle sent a Fragatta vnio vs to ginc vs warning of thrv.t • "s •oniming after vs, lor whose comming wee prej)ared and watched all night, but fhcy I. . . not. The 'i.'?. day in the morning being calme, wee toed o.if of the Sircighf, vntill wee came to the iilde fowne, whereof there is nothinu; standing but the walles. There is also a new Church r* of the Oreekes cnllcd Santa .Marii di Cassopo, and the townes name is cal!ene, more then by our ])rocuremenf, there had bene that night a great slaughter. Hut as (ii^I would, there was no hurt, but onely the beginner was put vnder hatches, and with the fall hurl his face vcrv sore. .Ml this night the wind blew at Southeast, and sent vs for- wanl. The ii-I. in the mornitig wee found ourselues before an Island called Saseno, which is in the '• entrie to Valona, and the wind pros|vrous'. The2». day we were before the liils of .\ntiueri, and about snnne set wee |)assed Ragusa, :uul three hciures within night we ankered within Meleda, hauing Sclauonia or Dalmatia on the right hand of \<, and the winde Southwest. The ;allics, and three foystes. All that night we remained there. 'J*he 27 we set .^ayic and passctl along the Hand, and towards aftcrnoone we passed in be- fore Curiulj i fruit full lljnd. othc ed, all well poll A hau heai fiirc iici- mid garn said man Al tlieni innrc T I'.lshi vo \\ ' 'I 1 li \\\ ■ Antli. leiikinsmi. TF. in the Gulfe of Quernero, and about two hourcs ^'fc"" Sl«n"'ro "' iioone we were before the rape of I*tria, and at sunne set we were at anker afore Rouignio Roui'gnYo! uliich i-i also in Istria and vndcr the VeiiCtians, where all ships Venetian and others are bound by order from Venice to t:ikc in their pilots to goe for Venice. All the sommcr the Pi- lots lie at Ii( uiiiiiio, and in winter at I'arenzo, which is from Rouignio 18 miles by West. I'lic 'il) wo set sayle and went as I'arre as I'arenzo, and ankercd there that day, and went no Pittmo. further. 'I'lu' .'iO in the morning we rowed lo Sant Nicolo a litlc Hand hard by vninhabited, but s.Nicdoa. only it liaih a Monasterv, & is lull of Oliue trec«, after masse wee returned and went aboord. This d;n the patron hired a Barke to irni)arke the pilgrims for Venice, but they dcparicxl not. In the ai'tcrnoone we went to see the towvc of I'arenzo, it is a prctie handsome towne, vnder the Venetians. Al't;'r supper wee imbarked our sclues :igainc, and that night . ee sayled to- wardes Veriee. 'i'he lirst of December we past a towne of the Venetians, standing on the cntery to the Pa- Ciorie itindinj ludc or niar^ihes of Venice: which towne is called Caorle, and by contrary windes we were JhtmjJ"h[Jof driuen thither to lake port. This is (iO miles from Parenzo, and forty from Venice, there we Venice. rcMiiyned th.it night. Till' second two hoiires before day, wiih the wii.de at Southeast, we sayled towards Venice, where we arriued [iioi\ he praysed) at two of the clockc after dinner, and landed about loure, Ou'."''""!! «• wc were kept so hmii from landing, because we durst not land vntill we had presented to the Prouidnr de la Sanit.i, our leller olhe.dlh. The manner of the eniring cl .Soliman the great Turke, with his armie into Aleppo in Syria, marching towards Persia against the Cireat Sophie, the fourth day of Noueinber, lly^'i, noted by Master Anthony lenkinson, ^jresent at ihat time. Tllere marched before 'he Cirand Signior, otherwise called the great Turke, 6000 Esperes, otherwise called liglif horsen:en verv braue, clothed all in scarlet. After, marched l(KMK) men, (ailed Nortans, which be tributaries to the Great Turke, cloth- ed all in yellow veluet, and hats of the same, of the Tartary fashion, two foote long, with a great role of the same colour about their foreheads, richly decked, with their bowes in their hands, of the Turkish fashion. Alter them marched foure Captaines, men of armes, called in Turkish Saniaques, clothed all foure in crimson veluet, eucry one hauing vndcr his banner twelue thousand men of armes well armed with their morrions vpon their heads, marching in gotxl order, with a short wea- pon by their sides, called in their language, Simitcrro. .M'ur came 16000 lanizaries, called the slaues of the Grand Signior, all a foote, euery one hauing his har r. Tiien came three men of armes well armed, and vpon their harnessc coates of the Turkes fashion, of Libard skinnes, and murrions vpon their I'.-ads, their spcares charged, and at the vol, II. G g end l^ 1 1^» '*! .1 lut. M I Wn ■i h^ik • 'I ll ^ (' f\ ^U 286 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, ^4nth. lenkinson. end of their staflTe hard by J head of the H|)earc, a horse laile died in a bloody colour, which is their enstigne: they be the chalengcrs for the Tiirkes owne person. After them came seuen pages of honour in cloth of sihier, vpon sciien white horses, which horses were coucred with cloth of siluer, all embrodcrcd and garnished with precious stones, emerauds, diamonds, and rubies most richly. After them also came sixe more panes of honour, clothed in cloth of gold, euery one ha- uing his bowe in his hand, and his fawthino of the Tiirkes fasliion by his side. Immediately after them came the great Turkc himselie with groat pompe & magnifircnee. vsing in his countenance and gesture a wonderfull nwiestie, hauing onely on each side <>f his person one page clothed wirh cloth of gold : he himselfc wa-) mounted vpon a goodly white horse, adorned with a mbc of rlotli of gold, embrodcrcd most richly with the mn-.! precious stones, and vpon his head a goodly white tucke, containing in length by estimation fiflecne yards, which was of silkr and linncn woucn together, resembling something C"alli( iit cloth, but is much more line and rich, and in the top of his crowne, a litlc pinnach of white Ostrich feathers, and his horse most richly apparelled in all points corres|)ondcnt to ihi' same. After him folowcd sixe goodly yong ladies, mounted vpon fine white hackneis, clothed in cloth of siluer, whith were of the fashion of mens garments, <-nil)r()dercd very richly with pearic and precious stones, and had vpon their heads caps of (ioldstniths worke, hauing great llackets of haire, hanging out on each side, died as red as blood, and the nailes of their fingers died of the same colour, cucry of them hauing two eunuchcs on each side, and liilc bowes in their hands, alter an Antike fashion. After iTiarched { great Hasha chiefc conductor of the whole army, ( lothed with a robe of Dollvmanl crimson, and vpon the same another short garment very rich, and about him fifiic lanir.arics afocitc, of his ownc gard, all clothed in crimson veluef, being armed as the grr.it Turks ownc l.nii/.irics. Then after ensued three other Basha^, with slaucs about them, being afoote, to the num- ber of three ihous.ind men After came a r<)mi)aiiic of horsemen very br.uie, and in all points well armed, to the nimi ber of foure thousand. .Ml this aforesasd arnn , most ponipous to hchold, wiiich was in number foure score and eight thousand men, cn< :impcd about the cilie ^A' .Meppo, and the (irand .Signior himselie was lodged within the towiie, in a goo(ll\ casth . situited vpon a high mountnine: at the foote whereof rimneth a goodlv riner, which is a branch of that famous riuer Kuphntes. Ti e rest of his arrnie p.nsscd oner the mouiitaines of .\rinenia called now the moimlainf- of Camarie, which are foure dave* iournev from Ale|)i)o, appointed there to tarv thecom- ming of the Grand Signior, with the rest of his arinie, intending to march into F'ersia, t. giue battel to the great .Sophie S.) liie whole armie of the (irand Signior, containing n- well those that went In- tlie mounlaines, as also tliose that ( ame to .Meppo in compaiiv wii!i him, with horsemen iS.: footc ncn, and the conductors of the camels and vii'tiials, were thr number of .SCKXK)!). men. The camels which caried munition and vitailes for the said army, were in number 'itXKM.'O A note of the presents that were ;jiuen at the same 'iine in .Aleppo, to the grand Signior, and the names of the j)resenters. First the Bash.i of Aleppo, which is as a Nicenn, presented IIX) garments of doth o! gold, and y."). hor-es. 'file U.isha of Damasco, presented KM). i;arincn(s of hip or ships, or other vessels whafsoeucr, that you sullicr him to laile or viilade his merchandise whereMoener it shall seeme good vnto him, Irafliking for him- ••cHe in all hip, his petiple or merchandise, and without enforcing him to pay any other custoine or toll wliatsoeuer, in anv sort, or to anv persons Whalsoeiier thev be, sane onely our ordi- naric duties contained in our cnstome houses, which when he hath paied, we will that he be fraiike and free, as well for liini'-elfe as f(ir his j)eo|)le. merchaiidise, ship or sliip«, and all other \essels whalsoeiier: and in so doing that he may traffike, bargaine, sell and huv, lade and vnlade, in all our foresayd Counfreys, lands and dominions, in like sort, and with the like iiucrties and priuiled;;cs, a-i the Frenchmen and Venetiaiis vse, and cniov, and more if it bee possible, without the hindcrance or impeachment of any man. And furthermore, wee charge and comniaund all Viceroyes, and Consuls of the French nation, and of the X'enc- tians, and all other Consuls resident in our Countreys, in what port or j)rouince soeuer they be, not to constraine, or cause to constraine by them, or the savd Ministers and Officers whatsoeuer thr\ be, the sayd Anthony lenkinson, or his factor, or his seruauntti, or depu- ties, or his nicrciiaiulisc, to pav anv kind of consnllage, or other right whal.soeuer, or to in- termeddle or hinder his alliiircs, and not to molest nor trouble him any inaner of way, be- cause our will niid pica-nrc is, that he >hali not pav in all ( ur Countrevs, anv other then our ordinanc custome. .\nd in ca-e any man hinder and inijieach him, aboue, and besides these (iiir present letters, wee t hargc \ou most exprcsly to defend and a.ssist him agaynst the sayd Consuls, and if the\ will not oliev t and defend hini agaynst all such as seeke to doe him Wrong, and that they aydc and heipe him with vitailes, according to his want, and tliat whosoeuer shall see these presents, oliey the same, as they vsill auoyd the penaltie in doing the contrary. Made in .\lep|)o of Syria, the yeere 9t)l. of our holy prophet Mahomet, and in the yeeie of lesus, lli.t.i. signed with the scepter and signet of the grand Signior, with his owne pro- per hand. A discourse of the trade to Chio, in the yeere l.")t)'J. made bv CJaspar Campion, vnto master Michael Locke, and vnto master Willi.nn Winter, as by his letters vnto them both shall appeare. Written the 14. of February. WOrshipfi.il Sir, &c. As these dayes past I spake vnto you about the procurement of a safeconduci from the great Turke, for a trade to Chio : The way and maner how it may be obtained with great ease shall plainly appeare vnto you in the lines following. Sir, you shall vnderstand that the Island of Chio in time past hath bene a Signiorie or lordship of it selfe, and did belong vnto the (ienowaies. There were 24. of the that gouerned the island which were called Mauneses. Hut in continuaunce of time the Turke waxed so strong and mightie, that they, considering they were not able to kvv\iv it, vnlesse they should become his tribu- taries, because the Island had no corne, nor any kind of vitailes to sustaine thetnselues, but (j jj 'i onely 93? 1569. •"' W I Kr > "V [\ 1 M^i \ I is I) j:;i').! Jii^ if f 1 v.. 'ill! I|! J ' 828 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Caspar CampUm. The Prince Pf dro Dutii is onely that which must of necessitie come out of the Turkes dominioriH, and the snyd island being inclosed with the Turks romid about, and but 12. miles from the Turks Continent, therefore the said Genowaies did compound and aj;rco to be the Turkes tributaries, and to pay him 14000. thousand ducates yccrcly. Al waves prouidcd, that they should keep their lawes both spiritnall and temporall, as they did when tlic Hand was in their ownc hands. Thus he granted them their priuilcdjie, which they inioyed for many yecres, so that all strangers, and also many English men did trade thither of long continuance, and went and came in safety. In this mcanc time, the prince Pedro Doria (l)eing a Gcnouois) became n ii'i°"o°f"4»'6ai''''^'''P''''"*' •" seme the Emjicrour with ',iO or H) gallics against the lurke. And since that time liHvndeiiht diucrs other captaines belonging to Genoa hano bene in the scriii<'c of king Philip against "''"""■ the Turke. Moreoucr, whensocner the Tiir'.'- ndc out anv army, he i)erceincd that no na- tion did him more hurt then those Gcnouois i.> were his tributaries. Likewise at the Turkes siege of Malta, before which j)lacc he lay a great while, with hisse of his men, and also oi luiinttte Dori.!. his galljcs, hc fouud uoiic SO troiiblesomc vnto his force, as one luanette Doria a (Jcnoiiois, and (liners others of the Hand of Chio, who were his tribntaric-j. At which sight, lie tooki' such displeasure against tiiem of Chio, that hc sent ccrtaine of iiis gallics to the Hand, for Tiif Mii.i.esis to seise vpun all the goods of the 'i4 .Mauneses, and to turne them with their wines and chil- fi"I,j",',"|.,'|'J drcn out of the Hand, bnt they would let none other (le|)art, l)ecanse the Hand shonld not be vnpe"pled. So that nciw the Tiirkc h.ith sent one of his chiefe men I" rule there : where- by now it will be more c.isie for vs tn oljtainc our s;ifecoiiiln( t then ciier ii was befure. For if the townesmen of Chio did know that we wouM trade tliiiher (as we did in limes past) tlu'\ thcniselucs, and also the customer (fur the Turke in all his doniiniims d^ih rent his c\istomes) would be tlie chielest procurer of this our safecoiuluct for his owne gaine : wliii h is no small matter: fur we can pav no Icssc tli;m ten in the lunnlrcd thorowout the Turks x\li(i|c diiiiii nion. Iiisonuuh, that if v)ne of oi'rsliippcs slumld go lliithcr, it would be for the cuslonu-is I) imiidr.ih. ppdlit 4000 (lucats at least, whereas if ue should not trade thitlicr, he slunild lose so nuich. Also the bi.rgesses, and the common people would be very glad of onr trade there, for the Fngiish mm do Commuoallv (lo get more bv cur conntre\ men ilien they do any oiher nation N>liatsoeiicr ■ madtlfs'oi ui'io ''"' ^^'^ ''" ^^'^ '" ''">' '"'""'y of llicir silkc (|iiiils, and of their Scamato and Diinile, that tlip tlitr any oihrr j)nnrc pcopIc iii.ikc in that tow ne, more I'lcii ;niy other nation, so that we would not so gl.idK """"■ trade, hut the people of llie connlrcv wot;l(l be twise so willing. Wlierefore tliev tliemsehi('> would be a mcancs \nto their goucnioiir, hv their petition to bring this tr.ide to pas-e : glu- ing him to vnder.-tand that of all nalions in the world we do him le;wt hurt, .ind that we iii;iv do his (-onn(ri'\ gre:il good in coivsnniiug those conintinlilies which his ci'iMUrev people make. Fnrtheriiiore. it \4ere farrc more ret|uisite that we -houlcl carv onr owne comnuHlilif-. then to suHiLTa stranger to (arv them thither, for that ^\e can affoord them belter cluape then a str,\ngcr i.in. I write not this by he.iresav ol other men, hut of mine own experience, fr I haue tr.idecl in the coiuilrev abonc this ;{() yeres, and bane bene n\arii sliillings the hundicd. .\iul where, hilli s now thcv are hronghi hv llie \'enetians, thev sell tiicni miId vs for tiiree pinind leiiiit' shillings, and Irur.' ])oiin,| the onr sii in iditil to fcl(f so fit tl nenieiJ Ganpar Campion. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 220 hundred. Also we liad three kintals of coften wooll for a carsic, and solde the wooll in Eng- land for M shillings cr ',i ponnd at the most, whereas now the Italians sell the same to vs for 4 pound 10 shillings and b pound the hiuidred. In like mancr chamlets, whereaa wc had three pieces, and «f llie best sort two and a halfe for a carsie, and could not sell them aboue 20 shillings and 23 shillin>rs the piece, they sell them f(ir30 and 3b shillings the piece. Also groger.uns, where wc had of the best, two pieces and a halfe for a carsie, they sell them for loure sliiliings and foure shillings ;ind sixe pence the yard. Carpets the smaller sort which scruc for cuplioords, wc had three for a carsie; whereas wc at the most could not sell theni but for 2tand in i iir \av to Clio, ,ns yi'U mav |)l.iiiily .tow, with iliiiers other ships which trailed thither verely, and made their voy- a;;e in ten or twelue nioiieths, and the longest in a yeere) M. Francis Lambert, M. lolm Hiooke, and M. Draiur can triicly informe vi ii heereof at large. \tu\ In reason that wee h lue not traded into those p.irts these m iin \eeres, and the Turke is i;roweii inightv, wlieicbv our ships ile whv the (-'hristii.i rulers were disi)laced: fur when they I'avd not their yerely fribulc, they were put out by force. Touchiii;; the ship that must go, she must obserue this order, she must be a ship of countenance, and s!ie must not touch in any part of Spaine, fur the times are dangerous, nor take in any latlini; there: but she nnist lade in England, either goods of our owne, or els of stranger-^, and go to Genoa or Lcgoriio, where we rnav l,e wel intrcaii'd, and from thence slie nuisi make her money to buy wines, by exchange to ("an- dia, for there lioih iii-.tome & exchange are reasonable: and not do as the Math. Gonion iS. other ships did in lime past, who m;id.' sale of their wares at .Messina for V:i' l.iding ol then wines, and p.ivcd for turning ilieir wliiie money into g(ilde after l\ ure and fine in the hun- dreth, and aUo did ha/',ard th.c liK»e of sliippe and goods by carying away their money. Thiit by the alore-ayd cimrsc wc -i'lidl ir.ide <)uiellv, and not be subieci to these tiangers. ,\|.,(i from I.egorno to Casiilla de la mar, which is Init l<» miles from Naples, and the readv way to Candia, \ou may lade h(io)K'-, uliiih will cost carolins of Naples 'i7 and a halfe the ihmi- sand, which is ducals two and a halle of Sjiaine. And in Candia for euery thousand id hoops you shall haue a but of Malnu'sry cicnre of all charges. Imsomuk h that a ship of the l)urdcn of the Mathcw (Jonson will car\ foure hiindrcih thousand hoop^, so iliat one thousand ducats will lade her, and this is an ysual ir.ide to Candia, as .M. .Michael I.rcke can tcstilie. Fur- thermore, it is not vnknowen to vow, that the oiles which we do spend in England for our cloth, are brought out of S|)aiMe, and that very jicare, and iji En;;l,iMd we lannot sell lluni vnder 'iS pound and .'10 pound the tunne : I say we may haue goo »■ readv was It- the tlinii- lid III hii(i|M ihr burden isand diirats stilie. Fur- land fur oiii lot sell them ler ehenpe in a^r in luuid, «t vour \>or- Campion. rs railed ihe skir- plain!\ F.arlr oT •ler, onr n Malini )rd) in^mtTrd lliri;! lo seeke r dcatii miuht leir lame alxi iiianv notaide ng luid weaiih .ii The losite of Fuimg TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES aai at will) in such sort, that not oncly certaine ruincs of the same siunptunus works builded so many hundred yeres |)ast, do still reniainc, but also the most part of those princes, the au» thours of them, do continually by them dwell in our memories. As the Pyramides made at Memphis, or necrr the fauKi s riuer of Nilus, by the great expenses of the kings of Egypt: the tower called Pharia, made in the Hand of Pharos by king Ptolomcc: the walles of Babylon, made or at the least recdilied by quecnc Semiramis; Dianas church at Ephesus builded by all the noble persons of Asia : Mausolus toome or sepulchre, made by his wife quecnc of Caria : Colos-us Solis placed at Rhodes, 1 remember not by wliat Princes charge, but made by the hands of Cares Lindius scholar to Lysippus : and the image of lupiter, made of Yuory by the hands of the skillull workman Phydias. The which moiuunents made of barbarous and hea- then Princes to redeeme theniselues from obliuion deserued both for the magnincence, and perfect workmanship of the samp, to be accounted in those dayes in the scucn woonders of the world. Since the which lime, an easier, readier, and lighter way, being also of more rontinuance then the firmer, hath bene found out, namely, Lettcr-i, which were first inuented by tlie ("aidics and KiiviJlian-i, aswcreade, and augmented since by others, to our great bc- nelit, and now last of all ( no long time past) the same to hauc bene committed to Printers jiresses, to th- greaUNi iierleeiion of the same : men being lirst inforced to write their nctes and monuments in bea-^tsskinnes dried, in barkes of trees, or otherwise perchance as \nrea- dily. Hy the which benelit of letters (now reduced into print) we see how easie a thing it is, and hath bene for Tinble persons, lo line for eiier by the helpe of learned men. I'or the memorv 111" I hose two woorlhy and valiant captaines Seipio and Hannibal had bene lung be- I'orelliis present quite forgee 1 iimmooly in all ai^es learned men to be much made of by noble personages, as that rare patcrne of learning ,\ristotle to ii.iue bene greatly honoured of that former renowmed .Monarch Alexander: wiio allirmed openly, that he Wiis more bound to his Master .Aristotle, then to king I'liilip his lather, bee.uise the one iiad well framed his minde, the other onelv his boilv. Many oIluT Hm' examples I eoidd alledgi" at this present, if 1 knew not vnto whom I now wrote, or in wliat: for your honour bein;; ^kilt\lll in hi-torics, and so fanuliariy acquainted with the matter it sclfe, that is in still entertaining learned men with ail curtcsic, I shouhl secme to light a candle at iKK)ne tide, to put you in remembrance of the one, or to exhort you to doq ilie oilier, dayly being accustoined to performe the same. Cras,sus sayth in Tullies first booke, l)c Oratore : that a Lawyers house is the oracle of the whole cilie. But I can iustiv witnesse, ihal lor these line yeeres last past, since my retiirne from my trauell beyond the se.is, that vour lodgiiiii in the Court i, where 1 through your vndescriied goodncssc to mv great comfort do da\ ly Irequent ) h ith bene a eontiiiuall rece|)tacle or harbour for all learned men coinining from both the eyes of the realme, Cambridge, and Oxford (of the which Vniuersity your lordship is (;haiucller'> to their great salisl'aetioii of minde, and ready dispatch of their sutes. I>|jecially for Preachers and .Ministers of true religion: of the which von haue becne from lime to time not onely a gre;it I'auourer, tint an earncNt I'urtherer, a;id proteetour : so that these two nurseries ol learning (in one of the which 1 haue before lliis spent part of my time, that I may sp.-ake b ddly w!iat I tliinke) should wrong your hon.itr greailv, and iniicli forget tliem-elues, ifby all meanes possible they should not heeiMl'ler ^as at this present to their smal powers many well learned •.■enilemen of them do) labour .ind tr.iuell in shewing ol iliemseliies thankerull, to reuerence and honour your lonls'.iip, and lionesi their owne nanu-s: whose studies certeinly would suddenly decay and fall ll:il, il't.iev were not held vp by such n(d)le propi>e>, and had not some sure ankerliolds in tlieirilisli\s..e to leane vnto. How readv dayly vour irauell is, and hath long beene besides to henelit all oilier persons, in whom any sparke of veriiie or honesty reinainelh, I need not labour lo e\pres-.e, the- world knowing already the same. Hut whosoeuer they be. that in all their life lime haue an especiall c.ire by all meanes to prolit a'- nianv as they be able, and hurl none, do nut niiely a laudable act, but leadc i^» I? •i« VOYAdF.S, NAUIOATIONS. Thf hme of Fnvuip:. \f.'ltt Mall 41 L'onttiiiii ii'l'Ic 1164. Ic.ulc a ppi I'lMt anil vri'v soillv lil'iv WluTcnpon Stril)i> adirmclh flus m(n( tnii'Iy lo he -ip ikcii of them : MiirfalcM turn (Icmiiin Dciim imit:iri, nini IxMiclici fiicriiit. 'riiiit it, Muriall men ihci) specially lo loll.iw liie nature ol'Ciod, when they are bcneliciall and Ixmntil'iill tn nt'ier'* (ireat commentlatinn \ nddiitjtedlv it lirinneth li> any nnlile persnna^^e, ttiat n* the Mnonr that li;;lit and l)rinlitn( •■se (vliich slie leccnu'lli nl' ilie Sun, in wimt pre'tenlly tn -prcid a rnml vpcn the ('lie of the e:irt!i, Id the rerie>hin!,' and rrmfortinn id' all inl'iM-ionr and nalnr:dl i!iin^-i l)earin}{ life: m) I'i r him, !'> he-tow all that lanonr and eredit, wliiih he harh fjolleii al ilie prineen handes, to the In Ipi' aid r< liel'e of the wonrtliy and needy, (ireat U the I'cird' (my ri.;lit hononrahle lord) o( irne xcrtnc. which eausetii men, a* riilly wriiith in his i)nokc l)i' Aniieitia, til lie loind \- ho'inred oil of liiose pciMons, whii ii nener -aw them. W liere- ol' I iiener had heller pri'id'e ( I i.ike (!od \ mine one eonsrieiue to witnesse, the which I ilc- " clared also to eertaine of my I'rieiids .nssoone as 1 returned) then at nn last beinj; at ('oii«laii- tinnple, in the \ere ol' our Lord l,')(H, wliereas 1 off resortins; (as ociasion serned) lo the rijjht honor.ihle Christi.in amhassailm-, while I made my abode there 'jiainelv vnto Monsieur Antonio I'eirimol, lietjer there for the rrenrh kin;;, Si-'. M. Virior l?raj;adino, for the seniii- orv oC N'enire, Sig. I.oren/o (iinsliniano, lor the state of Siio, or Chios, nnd .Si;^'. AHirr- t.irio drili Alberli, lor the diiki- of I'lorenee ) luard iheni often rep;ht 1 1 reuerence: who remenibrini,' that I had bene at Cyprus, was willin;; thai my pen -hi iild tram II about the Christian and Turkish adliiren, which there lately haue h.ip|)ened : peis^wadiuj; hiiK- sell'e, that soiiiewhat thereb\ 1 miv;lit benefit this our natiiie connlrey A^ain-t whose rea- »onabIe motion I could not ^reailv wrestle, ha/./ardin^ railier my slender skill in altem|iiiii4 and performing; this his re(i(i. .And now last of all int i>j.iu! K)it. onlv I'ama^u-ta the ihiel'e holde ,V fortrcsse in Cyprus to haiie bene lo-t of ihe \'ineli.ins the l.'i of Atij!;ust la-t jia-l I, '17 I (the ihiel'e ^oiicrnors I'v captaiiies if the bein^' hcweii In sunder bv the cciniandemeiit of ih.it tvrant Mustafa M.isha) but all the wlvde llindalso to lie i onipiered b\ those criiell Turks, ancient professed enemies to all Chri-lian religion. In the which eiiill successe (commiii'.' to \.s .is I take it for our ollences) as I lament the uenerall lossc; so 1 am surely pensiuc to vndersiand by this too true a report of the vile death of iwo jiarticular nolile gentlemen of Wnice, Si^. M. Lorenzo Tiepolo, and Sii;. .M. (Jiouamii .An- tonio (iucrini: of both the which I in my trauaile \sas very courteously vsed, the I'lPrnKTol them Ki:.J<> l"^l ritiiiitn. ' ■*[) :)kcil tiill MICH <) (it'uTH Mootip. Ill ;i ni:i the Monsieur till" sri;in- ,<•.. AllllT- 1" vcrv lid- cs])»'( i.ilK lUMi, \vhi( li nri) iiisilv •iiiTtl ;iiiil ; (illc:) 111 bililif will tiling nii\ hiiiii I w:i-i )irn'? I'l'i' |> 1(1 cldlllf l)ytl)(Ti;;lil iislv IViciKl. ts dUgllt U< < iilil train II vaditig liiiu- whosp rca- altcmpliiiL; inc to want lilt iin new as 1 kiuiw : •paclf, and «o irii an- ii^rm- viiij; of ymir isc thrrc ii"- lioixolftM 111 ^ nil Idlins d.iv re my liciiii; isi ()!' ail lilt :u' \'ciicli.iiis ij; licwi'li ill illd also to lie ii'li>;ioii. Ill t itic ".'Piinall • deatli of two Jioiiaiini An- ihc runiiiT ol llii'm 'the lom of FiiiiKi.^. TIlArFIQUES, AND DlSC()UF,RIi:s. tli Ihcm brinj: then (as now hImo he wih in this micrtlirnw) ^"iicrnniir of Hallo in Cyprux, tiu" iiilicr lapiainc ol" ono of tin- rasuls .it Corcyra in Orcrcc, now callfii Corfu. lUit lliinjjs pant arc past aini'iulinciii, ami tlicy cciulil nciicr die mort" linnoiirably, then in tlic defonio of tlicir coiiiilrcy. IJcsidiN that llip late l)lowe.s, which the Turks hauo rocciutd since this their liiry, in token (d(iods wrath against them, do niiirli roinfort emry I'liristian heart. Morc- tuier liiit Miilnrine preparation which in certainly ronelndcd, and forthwith looked for, by \crv many C'liiisiian Trinies (would (Jod by all jjenerally) aj^aiiist these barbarous Maho- iiu'ii'is who.e I riieltv and beastly bchauimir I partly know, and am able to iiidj;e of, hauing bene in Tiirky aiiionjjsl them more than eight inonelhs together. Whose vnfaillifulne.sHe also ;iiiil Irearh of priiinisr, as the Wnelians nianlv courage in defence of theniseUirs, and their fortresse, voiir honour may eisily readc in this short treatise and small handfnil of Icaucs, I hailing set downe al-o a short description of the Hand of Cyprus, for the better vnderstand- ing 111' the whole matter. The which I n.ayd llnnd, Honne to lanns of l.iiMignnii, had l>y lleKii his wife, which was of the Kniperiall house of I'aleolo^us, one da(i)scd oner in',' '.'"ji'-iis ,ns!i-j{ed iW-.'- Lewes in the castle of Nicosia, and at length compelled him to dcp: i* leae- ,j '.ii", kiiM iloiec. So that this Hishnp became againe King of this Hand: who shortly aflec di'n.i.ny to (!'.• Vene- tians hailing made a league of friendship with them, married bv their /.mhiuI one I'.'alherina the daughter of Marco ('ornaro, which it'alheri'-, the Senate of Ve.'.ice .>„l..;^(od ^ >!'> them Noone after as their danghler. This Hisluip not long after sickeneii, :ii«d died, l.Mui;ig ihi^ his wife with child, who lined not long after his fathers death. Pv ihe next heires to ("athcrina bv '.lu' hiw of ad ; ion, looke 'iif., them the possession of this kingdome, and liane kei.i ;>; -' >-(i)Oj 1 d the -i.tui' aii'.o,.t l/ii- hninlred \eeres. Now this great Tnrkc called Snlian Selim :.i the n^''M o! the 'ioldv, 1,.' .Ivgypi, whom his grandl.itlu'r (called aUo >iilian SelinO « iin(j-..err.!, jKctendet'- : «ighi li'.lc \ntoit, and imw, as you mav \ ndci-t.ind \>\ rciding of tins s'lorl irc:ii>i', li.i'. bv "n(,.ii- obtained ihe same. W'lioin 1 |)ra\ thi' cuerliuing (Jod, II it be 'i-s hidy .\ili, -horli" 10 1 ■ r out from tiience. To the Itc.ulcr. I .\m not ignorant (gentle lieadcr) how hard a matter it is for .\n\ one man tr \»rite ili.Tt, which should please and sati-lie all persons, we being connnniifv of s,) jljiiiri cpini(>ns iiul contrary indgement*: againe 'fully afTirmeth it to be a verv didit 'lit h'u'c. U< (iiufe . u» aii\ matter which in his owne kinde may be in all respects |^erfe( t. Wliciriori i ttM-' \>\ ^nur owne iudgeinent I ought of reason to be the sooner pan'med (,my lrans(;i.ioii I'ei.i-; tjeci^.lv tied to mine authciirs meaning) if any l-^ing her in besides be thought to be wan.iiig, I t'Ju learned by the way how combei'oi;* a thing it is to tiirne the sclfe same matter 'iiit if tii. Italian language into our conntrey speech. Rut wlio so doelh what he j)i'-siblv can i-. Im'niii to no more. And I now at the request of others (who put me m m i.de, it.at 1 was uoi oncly borne vnto my selfe) hauc accomplished that in the ende, \vhii'h I promised and wn tcouiri'd. With what paine and diligence, I referre me to them which are K),iirul| in th<,' (L.Tiaii tnii'^iie, or may the better iudge, if it please them to trie the sati e, c;Mli^^; ;; idc l'ii« t !ighl!\ to be con(l, I will pcrswade lus selfe that I liaue reaped sulTicient fruit of my traneil. Vnto whorr.c with all mv heart 1 wi-li prosperous >ucces3C in all their allitires Ann. Dom. 1 J72. W. M. In '/'//(' hue of Fiimaf. THAFrKJ In .*>\'mme Deus, nm F.I subeat geiiiis Unem ilas laniorin In nos Nibrabil I Ante Kliodum, mo TinchariMii cepii Mllsiaf.i f(i'(lifragu> I'it N'l'iiei.i ('\pr Kee IJnem impoiiit Nee ni-,i pui.iin . Qnalis, (pi;e innnp S.inguisiig.i oboe Tortur.in' scpiitiir 1 Ivl ciedcm admis' Sieint inops animi, \el maims indon At In, ina';ne I'.itcr Ncc sine iu.k i.iri I'.Mllcl line liioli-,||'ii Ia( iiii.'iiiKjiu' mi I'il (|iind (;iiri-.tiius(|U( Sathuiii' Aiiri- l{li()iliim, incix iiuli' Cliiiiiii, niiiir dcniiiiu' C'ypruin, Tun li.iriiin icpil saii^iiinnlt'iilii inaiiiH Miixlal'a rddirrajjiis parliw jira-.-aliir in otnlHN, Kt N'cnci.i Cspriaiii >lra|>i- criienlnl liiinuitn. Ncc (iiH'in iinpiiiiil si'ilrri, mollifiii^ I'lirorcin, Nee ni"! pul.iln '•anguine pasiiH abil. (^iiali'i, (|tia' iniiupiain nisi plena tiiincns(|iii< cninre Sin^nisu^a ohscssain iiiillil liirmlo ciilt'in. Tdrtur.iir sci]niliir turliira, iriinr(]iu' iruori'in, I'it c-i'ilcin .i(linissaii) (ifdis alius amor. Sii'iiil inops aniini, iici scl sr Icinprrat ipse, \('l inaniM iiuli)initiitn imsira doinaif pott'st. Al III, in.i';nc I'.iIit, tiiniidiiin dispcrdc Tyraniuiin, Net' siiu' in.icMri semper luiilf tniiin. l'!\ii!(-l line iiMinslnim, nc s.ni^ninc Irrr.i rcdiindi'l. I'A) ii(i.iiit(|ni' nuiniin Cvpiia rc^na in;;uni. V.t (|iiu(l (^liristii iil.i- I'n'diis pj'piniTf Miuiarihii', Id laiisliiin iidliis otnnibiis cs-e vclis. Til pii;;na iildiiiin pii);n.is, tV India scciukK'h. ('.ipliiu)si|iif tilii siilxic per aiin.i ScMJias, Sii III. I piT I >liiiii riiiiilciiir gloria nuiiidinn, V'niis sii C'lirisliis tici, iV \na lidcs. (Jnliflimis Nfalim. Till' true rcpiTl nf all the -.luccs-i- cd' Fainaniisia, made by the Karic Nestor Mar- linin);!', Milo ilif reiuiwincd Prince the Diike o( \'enice. Ill .si\ieenlh dav (d' I'ebriiary, * i.'>7l, the lleer wliich had lirnuj^lil the aydc vnto Fa- iisla, departed tVoin llieiuc, wherea^- were rdiiiid in all the armv, but foiiro thousand men, eij;ht hundred i>\' tliem chosen soiildiers, and three thonsand (areountinR the (.'ili- i and other of the \'illa;;es) the rest two hundred in number were souldiers (d' Albania. T the arrinall of ijie whii li sui coiir, the Inrlitii atinii ol' the City went more dilijjenily for- 1 (d' all hands, ilicn it ilid liei'nre, flic whole i;arison, the (irecian Citizens inhabilin;; the lie, the (iimenioiirs ami C.iplaines iml willulrawini: thenisehies (roni any kinde of labour, ihe belter ini lj(ri the ditc oi tlif ycte of yf l.ont n ilwivri ilun^cJ ihr tiikt of 1 1- lUUTViOt tMI Nt>v ydriJjVi .itul ttmn ihjt lijy rctk.tncJ V|H>n : jllhitugh v/ee hccrfiiih"iis« land, fi]t«cijlly ilic tPm|iorjll bwyrri Cur crr- t.iiiii* CLtuitt are not «iHui( ri) ihrr ttif unir viUill thf An- lUiiiiijruiii of v\\\ l.iiiic« tj > ^i l^ i\ I # I '■it! % ' i' U'l\ 236 • Carumusilioi be VfSKllllkf »nto yf l*rf ncli Gaijjrdi, lulling dayly vpon the Tiucr of Eor- dcaiix, which sailc W a mUen flr tiiangli' sj:Ic. • M-ione If vcs- ifls likr \nio )*■ fvM hulk^, whu"h ronic hi- ther (to Dtn- markr-, some of the whivh cary 7 or 8 hundred tunnes a jiiece, flat and broad, which saile lome of them with sc- iicii miscnsa (>ifce. • P.ilandrie be gre.1t Hat ve&iets msiif hke Fcn- bi'at- to tram- port horse. NikTosia, other- wise cjllcd l.i- cnsia. Sig. Uragadino wai I'rouf Jiiore, that is.Goucr- lunir, and Stg. lia^honc Gr ne- ralluf the Chris, tian armie. • Baffo of the ancietit wiitcri named Paphos, in the whuh L'i> tie thrre wai a tumi'iiiuut ChLireli dfdi. ctted tn Vtniik • Aijtnall in Coiisiatitinople and Venice i) the place tor muriitK n ^ud artillery to lie iB. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOXS, TJtc losse of Famag. souldiours, munition, fresh victuals, and other nrrc-etWi'ene Cvpnis and Syria, and other places thereabout, which they did witli j;reat speed, staiulini> in feare of the Christian army. And abmit the middest of the same monelh the Turkes caused to be broiijiht out of the Cilie of Nicosia, which they liad w.iouc a lillie bcfiTe, (ifteene pieces of artillery, and raising their arinv from whenie lliev were before, making ditches ;ind trenches necessary, incam|jed themselues in gardens, and toward the We-l jarl oi Famagusta neere a place called Precipola. The fine and twentieth day of the same monelh they raised vp mo -nts to ])lant iheir artillery vpon, and caused trenches to be made for hariinebu/er-, one >erv ni^li anolluT, approching still very neere liie Citie, in such order, as was almost impussihle to stay llie same, fortie tliou- sand of their I'ioners continually lal>ouring there (lie im -t pan t<\' all the ni;;ht. The intent of the eneinic being then knowen, ami in what j)arl of ilic Citie he minded most to plant his battery, we tookc diligent heed on the < tiier part, id rcpaire and fortilie all places neces- sary within. For the which cause wee plaicd a great watch in that way, which was couered with a counterscharfe, and in the sallies of their priiiy I'ostcrncs, for the defence of tlu' said countcrscharfe, iliere were new llanckers made, also Traner.es called Mutierisses made \ pon the Cortaiiie, with one trench of Tnrnes two foot high an-, with certaine loope holes for our Harquebuzers, by the whicii they del'eiuled the counter- si liarfe. Two noble personages IJragadino and IJaglione ])cr..onallv tooke this charge on them, by the which meanes the Christian alf.iires passed in very gcmd nrdir. .\11 the bread fiT our Souldiours was made in one storehouse, of the \shich the noble gentleman !,■ ren/.o Tiepolo captaine of * Balli) had charge, who rei'uscd im paine, where he thought his tr.niell might preuaile. In the castle was placed that famous gentleman Andrea Ih-.igadino, who with a diligent gard had charge on that part of the cavtle priucip.dh next \nio the sea side, trimming and digging out new flamkers fir the belter defence ol the * .\r-.enall. A valiant knight named I'oito uas ap|>ointed Master of the Ordinance, who w.is slain within few dayes after in a skirmish, who^e garrison the noble Hr.igadino I'roueditore before named presently deliuered oner lo me. Three other (a|)taines were appointed oner the wilde-(ire with twentie footmen for euerv one of them, chosen out of the aiinu', to \se and execnie the same as occasion should scrue. The best pieces of Ordinance were hnuiuht foorth vnto that side of the towne, where the battery was looked for to be made: and they made priuv fences to couer the better their cannon shot withall. There was no w.int in the Christians to annoy their enemies in issuing < ciuiered r tlir said made \ poii a-, n'.aile on lie ■riirke>, iie coiniter- harjic (III II the bread an !,■ ren/.o t hU tr.aicl! (I, will) \%itl) le sea >ide. r^lain \>itliin Inrc named lie wildr-tirc and exeriiie t foorth vMto made priiiv Chri>tians Ii' hinder their n V-. the like, eiiie, armed :ir company, lit so thicke, f them : yet re threcs( ore [) more come lies the l)a.se. • at Ionfay, ;reat artillery terme them) the Ar-ienall, oC the Arse- of the roi ke, eiien pieces: 1 were aboiie \sith Hie losse of Famag. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 887 with .me Tort of elciicn other pieces: another battery against the Turret of S. Nappa, the vhich was battered with fourc Basiiiska. The gate of Limissn, which had one high com- mniider or caiialicr alone, and a Brey and Corfaine without was battered by the forts with three and thirty pieces of artillery, whereas Mustafa himselfe Generail of the Turkes artny tooke the charjic in person. At the first they seemed not to care much to spoile the walles, but shot slill into the ciiv, and against our Ordinance, which greatl\ stalled them. Whereupon they, who were within the eiiy, as well our souldiers a.s the Grecians, assoonc as the batterv bc^f.in, withdrawing; them.selucs, came and dwelt by the walles of the citie, whereas they continued from that time to the end of the siege. The noble Bragadino lodged in the Keepe of An- dru/./i, Bifi'iioni in that ward of S. Nappa. The honourable Tiepolo in that which was called Campo Santo. Wherefore they being ])resent at all that was done, both encouraged, and l)unishcrding to their desert.s. The right worshipfull Luigi Martiningo was appointed chiefc oner the Ordinance, who answering all mens expectation cd' him, with great ( ouragc diuided the charge thereof vnto sixe other inferiour captaines, who tooke order and care for that company, and for the prouision of things necessary for the gunners: one company of the Grecians being a])pointed to cucry gate of the Citie for to attend vpon the seniicc of the artillery. The yaliant caplaine Francesco B.igonc warded at the Keepe, and at the gre.it ("omniander of the A:>enall. Captaine Pictro Conte attended ypon the Cortaine, at tiie ("ommander of the Volti, and at the Keepe of Campo Santo. I for my part attended ypon the ("ommander le Martiningo attended ypon the ("ommander of Santa Nappa, and to the whole ("ortainc, ynto the gate of Limisso. Horatio Captaine of Veletri attended ypon the Brey and Cortaine, toward the Bulwarke. Vpon the hinh Commander of Limisso, which was more troubled then :dl the re-t, attended the Cap- taine Iiol)erio Maliiez/.i. At the same time, when the battery began (by the commission of the lionouraljic Bragadino) yictuals were appointed, and giucn to all the souldiers, as well Grecians, as Italians, and Ciunners: namely Wine, Pottage, Cheese, and Bakon : all the which things were brought to tlie walles as need did require in yery good order, so that no souldier there speiii anv mi're in bread than two souses a day. They were paved at the end of enery TwoVmnian thirty dayes with the gre.it trauell of that right worshipfull Venetian gentleman M. Gio- |^'^'"„;'J,",""' iianiii Antonio (Juerini, who besides this his ordinary charge was found present in all weighty ™'t'ny Eng- and dangerims allaires to the great incouragement of our souldiers. And wee made a conn- '"''' terbattery against our enemies for ten dayc.i space, with so great rage, that we choked and destroyed liftcene of their best pieces, also we krlled and dispatched of them about thirty thousand at that season, so that they were disappointed at that time of their battery in that l)Iacc, and were greatly dismayed. But we forseeing that we had no great store of powder left, there was maile a restraint, and such order taken, that thirty pieces should not shoot oft' but thirty shot a piece euery day, and that in the presence of the Captaines, who were still present, because the Souldiers and Gunners should not shoot ofl' in yaine. The nine and twentieth day of Mav there came towards vs from Candia a Fregat or Pinnace, the which giuing ys great hope and lightening of ayde, encreased maruellouslv euery mans courage. The Turks with great trauell and slaughter of both sides, had woonne at the last the counterscharfe from vs, witli great resistance and mortalilie on both parts. Whereupon lliey began on the other side of the (ift baitery to till yp the ditch, with the earth that they threw downe, which was taken neere the wall of the counterscharfe. But all that earth and falling downe of the wall made by the shot of their artillery, was carried away of ys within the city, all our company labouring continually as well by night as day, yntil our enemies had made ( ertaine loope-holcs in the wall, thorow the which they flancking and scouring all the ditch with their harijuebussie, stopped our former course of carying, or going that way any more, without certainc and expresse dan ',er. But M. Giouanni Marmori, a fortifu-r, had deuised a certaine kinde of ioyncd boords, the which being caried of the souldiers, defended them from the shot of the harquebiizers, so that some other quantity of earth, but no great filure, was caried also away: in the which place this say( done M 'I'i I \ M (*i >. 1 1 'i;: t,f,, ' 'lirri fhrrc Mjg. ( i-itll..^iu u: CiJ'ta.. ' 'I' .r..-.f!:irC.,i 'lone o>iH'nall aood srniirc in :ill diir iicrcssan' adaircs. Ami our enemies liaiiini; ra-it s'l niiirh eartii inio ihe ilitch, a^ filled il \\> nfjainc, and made it a lirme way to tiic wall of the (•(Uintersciiarre, and castiiiu: before the ni the earth liv lit''-; and little, they made one tr.\iierides in all their lialterie-', 'lie vhich they made ihiike and slronj; with woolpac k>i, and other las;ote fewe (lanckers, wo threw downe wilde-lire into our enemies campe, the which annoyed them very sore, l)ecause it fired their woolpacks, & also their ta<;ots. And for the belter encouragement of the souldiers, the rigl'l lionorablc Uragadino unue to euery sonldier one (luckat, V which coiikl gainc or recouer any el' the former wor,lpa( kes, making rountermine> in all places. To the which charge Maggio the fortifier knight wa-. appointed, who in all our bii«inesse serued with siuh diligence and lourage, as he was able, or v>as rccpii^ile. But the countermines met not, sauing ih( <■ of the C"omin.inder of .S Nappa, of Andrii/./i, and thai (^{' Canipo Sanl'>, because thev were open, and our men .sallied out olien both bv (lav .inii night into the dilcli to perceiue bclier the wav of (l>e mines, and to fire the fagots .ind wooll. Nor we ceassed al any lime throu:;li tlu' vnspeal-.iblf Irauell of the Lord Haglioiie (who hail the ouersight of all these matters i lo trouble our enemies intents, by all maner of wit and policie, diuiding the conrpsnies for the baticries, iovning and ])lanting in all pl.ices a garrison of the *.\lbanoi.s snuldioers, who a-^ well on lout as on liorsebacke, shewed always notalile courage anil manhnnd TiiC lirs! assault. Tile one and twentietli d.i\ of hii.e liu'v put lire to the mine of the 'furrel of the Arsenall. whereas (iiambelat iiev tooke ( harge, who with ureal ruine rent in suiitlera most ureal and thicke wall, and so opened l' e sai!i(\ thai he threw dnwiie more then li„lie ihereol, breaking aUo oie part <>l the xaiuiurf. ma ic before to \|)holde the assault. ;\nd suddenlv a great luimber nf ihe 'I'urkcs -kippin,; \pon the riiines thereof, ilispla\ ed their Iwisignes, euen in the loppc id thesanu'. Capt.iio I'ielrn Conte with his company was in that ward, the whiili was nniih shaken and terrified In that sudden mine. 1 with my conipatn came first thither, so that thev shortiv lonke the repulse, and although thev reireshed theniselucs wiih m \v supplies (iue or si\e times, yet thev failed of their purpose. J'here fought personallv llir Lord l5aglioiie: IJragaiiino and (Jiierini being armed stood not farre off to refresh and imn- forl our .Souliliours, and the ("apt. line of the ('astell with the Ordniance, that was |)lanl<(l \ pon the liiilteries, destrcAed maiiv lainc I'ietro Conic, with other Caplaines and Standerdbearers, were \(r\ s.re hurl. The night following arriiied in C\ [iriis" a I'iiiasse Irom Caiulia, which bringing \tv\\i'^ (,(' most < rrt.iine avile, greallv im re:ised bnlh the mirth and courage of vs a!|, sn that we p'lulc siioiie alter, with the licipe of the Ciplaine Marco Crinillatorc, and Maggi . the knight, i ir- lain retreats flam ked to all the pficcs bi';ilen dowiic, and whereas thev su-piiled th:ii ihc enemy had digired \p any mines, \\ ilh hogsheads, Cliesis, Tikes, and Sacks siulfed full of moist earth ; the (Jreciaiis with all spcnl haiiiiig aln'.idv brought almost all th.il which llie\ had) because they hailing dis|i.iii hed their ( anueis about ncccss.irv vses, they l.roiight their hangings, cortaincs, carpels, euen to their vcrv sheets, to make and sinjlc \ p their fores.i\d sarks, a very good and ready wa\ to make \p agaiiie their \aimures, the which were ihroweu ilinMic >f J-'dinaii;. vail ol' the 111' tMllONl' and Niroiiir by rhanrc, th<' T'.irrct ('(irtaino, and iiiioy li annoyrd the belter oiildicr one ,iiilrriirmc> lo ill all o\i\- Hut the and tlnii ly day :iii(l .iiid wocill. r (who JKiil (d wit and IN a jjarrisdii avs iKitaljIe thr Aviciiall, t urcat and )!, liK-akiiii; lciii\ a j.'n:it [k's, t'lion 111 il, ihc \\lii(li lir-t lliilluT, It's with !u \, crsdiiailv iIk" •xli and < I'ln- was jilaiitcd It, flio \vhi( Il "iir side Ix - miinbcr wax iiouiif;ciilK V Karli- (lid. >1H« ll'I'iic TO vers s ,:c 1'^ liC\\''-. dl' fluit UC l'>;i|c knit;lit, I cr- ied lli.il the tiifl'ed liiM dl wliieli ilie\ ' rdiij;l,t tlieir luir !( i(".a\d vert' lliroweii dd^Mie I Tlie losse qf Famap, TRAFFIQUES, AND DJSCOUERIES. downc with the fury of the artillery, which neiier stinted, so that we mad'.' vp njraine still thai in the ni^ht, the which was throwen downe and broken in the day, sleeping very scl- doine: all the soiildieiN standing; alwayes vpon the walles, visited contiiiiially of the Goiier- iiors of the Citie, which slept at no time, but in the oxtrcame heat of the day, hauiii;; no other time to take their rest, because the cncmie was at hand, giuing vs continually ahiiines, not sullerinjj vs lonj; lo breath. The second ; .*ault. Tile nine and twentieth day of the same monefh they set the mine made towards the I5rcy on lire, the which mine was digged in stone, which brake and cleft all things in pieces, and caused great mine, making an ea-ie way for the enemy to assault vs, who with an outragious fiirv came to the foppe, whereas Nfustafa their General was altogether pre-eiit, which assault was recciiied, and stayed at the beginning of the Earlc Hcrcolc Martiningo with his garrison, and ?.o were repulsed l)y our company, who fought without any aduantage of couert, the vaimiire being throwen downe by the mine. There were slaine of our company Captaine Meaiii the Sergeant Major of our armie, Captaine C'clio de Fuochi, Captaine Erasmo da Ecrmo: and Captaine Sdldatello, Antonio d'Ascoli, Cnplain Gio. d"Istria, Standcrd bearers, with many other onicer-*, were sore wounded, there died also .'}0 other of our common soul- diers. .\t the Arsenall they were beaten backc with gre:iter dammage of our enemies, and small hurt to vs, Eiiie onelv of our part being slaine there, whereas Captaine (iiacoino dc Eabria;i(i al-o was killed, and I wa* wounded in my left leggc with an harquebush shot. The which assault continued sixe houres, the Hishop of I.imisso standing vp there, incoiiraging the Souldidiir-i. Where aUo were found present stout women, who came thither with wea- pons, sldne>i, and water, to hcipe the Souldiours. Our enemies vndcrslanding how great hinderance th"v had receiiied at these two assaults, changed their mindes, and began nuainc with gre.iter I'lirN- then eiier thev had before accustomed to lay battery to all place, and into our reireat-i, so that thev labouring more speedily then eiier they did, made seuen other forts more, \nder the cattle, and taking away the art'.llery from them which were farther oflT, plant- ing of if somewhat neerer, to the number of fourcscore, they battered the holde with so ^;reai rage, that on the eighth day of luly, with the same night also were mimbrcd fine thou- •iand Canon >hdt, and after that sort they ouerthrew to the ground the vainnires, that scarselv with great trauell and paine we could repaire them againe, because our men that laboured about them were continually slaine by their Ordinance, and by reason of the endlesse tem- pest of the shot of their Harqiiebu/ers. And our men beganne to decrease. For the Turkes caused vs to retire from our Breves, by the violence of their artillery and mining, in such sort, that there being no more standing left for our SouIdiour<, because we making our vai- miires more thicke, our standing began to waxe narrower, the which presently we of ne- ressitie enlarged with boords as a scatfolde to the \aimure, whereby we might haue more el- bow roome to fight. Captaine Maggio also made one mine vnder the sayd Brev, to the in- tent, that we being not able any longer to kcepc it, the same might be left to our enemies to their great hinderance. The third assault. TO the sayd Brey the ninth day of luly they gaiic the third assault to the Turrion of Santa Nappa, to that of Andruz7i, to the Cortainc, to the Kcepc of the .Vrsenall: the which assault haiiingcoiitinued more then sixe houres, they were beaten backc in Imire places, but we left the Brey to their great losse, and ours also: because we being assaulted, our company being not able to mannagc their ])ikes in good onler, by reason of the narrowncsse of the standing where they were, being willing to retire in that orilcr, as the L. 15agli(jne had prescribed vnto thorn, and could not, cast theniselues at the last into a confuse order, and retired, they being mingled amongst the Turkes: so that fire being giuen to our mine, the s.une (with a terrible sight to beholde) slew presently of our enemies more tiien one thousand, aiidaboiie one hun- dred of vs. There was wlaine Roberto Maluczzi, and Captaine Mar hctto de Eermo was grie- 239 Piouiilcntfc carcfiill joucr- nours or niagtr- Irjies leldomc tli-cpi- nil the night ut any lime, much Icr^ ill daiigcroii- teasoii5. thr beginniiis. or ill due time donc,helpeth much. Thatcenaint wn'.iifii inhibit- ing this ll-iiidhe viijcas.or mi- kiiid, 1 saw siif- ficiriit tri.ill ac nijhnt King there, in a city called Saline. It is accnnted t gi)od warlike jhiit, tojeane that to <>iiren<« mics wi;h hin- derance, «hich wp t>n not ,iny loiigci kcepe.riiiil v:« ti>oiir uwi;-- commodiiv. I )T\ M ., 'V I n U ) .'■t », 'II III* I^J ', V 1 \Ji(» VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The losse of i-Vimrt^- 1 iip fjrw.iiiliit • ilhc t.ii'taiiic iiouslv womulod. At tlic nssault of the Arscnall was slaine Captaine Daniel Nocc master of thc«ani|)o, tV I invsclfe ^vas luirt by tlie racing of a Cannnn shot. This as.'^ault conliiuicd (iuc hourcs, and the Citizens of Famagiista slicwed Rrrat roiiragc in c iiery ])lace, with their women also, and yoong stri|>liii,i;s. Tiie ]5rey was so defaced by reason of this mine set on fire, that no body any more attempted to rccoiier tiie same, because there w.is no apt place rcinainin;; to stav \pon. The left llanckcr onelv remained still, whereas another mine was made. 'Jlu- gaie of Limis-.o was oner aj;ain-.t this foresavd Urey, and sonu-wiiat lower, which was alwavcs ojjcn, liaiiin;; made to the same a Pnrtall, with a Percollois annexed to it, the which l'ercoli()i> by the ciittinjj of a small cord, was a present defence to the ,<;ate, and our Soiildiours {jaiio their attendance bv that fjate to brinj; in the battered earth, which fell In the ditches from tiie rainpairc: and when thev saw that their enemies in foiire daycs came not thither, they bejjannc to entrench ahone the Hrev, and by the (lanckers aboue thev suil'ered no ]>er>on to jiasse oiii of the uate, the wiiicli tliiiii; brought great siispition vnto our enemies, because they were ol- ten limes assailed of our company. The fourth assault. W'llercfi'ie thev came the foiireteenlh day of Iiily to assault the gate of Limi.sso, and la\ iiij; their haticrv to all oilier places, they came and planted their Kitsignes euen before the gate, iimti not only whcicas ilu' I.. I5a!;lione, and .Sij;. Liii;ji were in readines.se, who had taken vpon them t) dc- ™"c'omn'o'' fend that ijale of the ('itie. Who assoone a^ they had encouraged their Soiildiours, salivin;; louUiitt, I1..1 swifiK foorlh, killed, and put to flight the greater part of them, and at the Ixst i;iuini<; (ire to ,ifiiiyhiscrr,iit the niine ol the llaucker slew loure hundred 1 urkes, and Sig. Baglionc at the same tinu- " t""iimn,'''"°" ^^'"°" '"' I'li^i.HiH- ol'our eneuiics, w raslinn it \ iulently out of one of the Ensigne bearers hands. The (lav lollnwins; they gaue (ire to the mine of the cortaiiie, the which thing not falling out grcatlv to their purpo>e, thev followed not their prepared a.ssault. \Vhereft)re thev beganne to ("ortilic, and ailuame higher their trauer-es in the ditches, for their better assurance against thev shcuKl gine the assault; and thev hid emptied and carried awav all the earth iieere viiio the couiiUt--karfe, where thev K tlged in their pauillions, so that we could not descrie them, Thev -ihol Heiien pieie>i of artillcrv vpon the wall of the counter-it harle so t iniertlv, that thev were not seene: twn fnin the Rrey of the Turrion of Santa Nap|)a, one from .Vndruz/.i, and two otherall alt)ng the batlerv oftlie Cortaine. And thev came \vii!i certaine litu rdes couer- rd wilh r.iwe and greene hides, vnder which they brought their men totligge in the \aimures we being nothing bthiiidi' or forgetl'ull to cast wilde-fire amongst them, and sometime to issue foorlh of our>:inies c.illed I'osternes, to oflend their rioiicr^, aliliough to ourgreat hin- drance. .\;)tl we still lepaireil the vaimures by all meanes possible, wilh 15ti(le skins, being moi.-: all the women of Fam.igusta gathering themsrlues together into compa- nies 111 euerv sir, et (being guided of tme of their Afonkes called Caloiero) reported allviiiy uiiig (ire to ' same liiiu- arrr.s liaiid>i. alliii;; out (V bejjanne aiicc against 1 neerc viiio csrrie tlicin. y, that (hey [lulruz/i, and >i rdcs cdiKT- tlir vaimiircs sometime tn iiir great liin- skilis, lieiiin ?ll bduiul tc- inlo rompa- >rteil dailv to .. -lours and I li the Turks ' way, neucr l'fi;lia, wliicli r f;ale of \lio itch, kindled fill we threw lander, wliiih the extreaine Dwardes their [ could be no H of the IJrev lie, the whicii of The losne of Famag. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. of vs with stones, earth and other thin>!;s, was suddenly buried vp. By this time we were driu- cii to an exigent, all our prouision within the citie stooping very Iov,re, sauing onely hope, the noble courage of the Gouernours and Cajifaines, and the stout rcadincsse of the Souldiours: our wine, and flesh as well powdered as vnppwdered was spent, nor there was any Cheese to be gotten, but vpon an vnrcasouabic prire, our company hailing eating vp their Horses, Asses, and Cats, for lacke of other victualls: there was nothing left to be eaten, but a small quantitic of Bread, and Bennes, and wedranke water and Vinegcr together, whereof was not much left. When that we perceiucd that our enemies had digged and cast vp three mines in the Com- mander of the gate, they labouring in all jilaces more diligently then eucr they did before, bringing into the ditch, ouer against the battery of the Cortaine, a hill of earth, as high as the wall: and already they came to the wall aboue thccounterscharfe ouer against thcTurrion of the Arsenall, and had made one Commander complete, fenced with shares, like vnto plough shares, in proportion and height correspondent to ours. Within the ("itii; were remaining but (iue hundreth Italian Souldiours, who were not hurt, yet \ery faint and weary by their long watching and paines in fighting in those fcrucnt and burning heates, whicii are in those jiarts. And the greater and better part also of the Grecians were by this time slaiue, whenas the chicle of those Ciiizens remaining did fully resolue themselues (the which was about the twentieth day ofhily) to present a su])plication in writ- ing to that noble gentleman Bragadino Proueditore, desiring and beseeching him, that seeing their Citie aiul I'orfresse was thus battered and brought to cxtremitie, without sufficient ayde to defend the same, without subslance or sustenance, hauing no hope of succour, or any newc sujjply, tiiev hauing si)eiit and consumet. (•iaiinez'ri be thv gatd of tlie grc.it Turke, so tlut Apa Ac GiMumcti IS ll:f cii't.iiiu- it" the Turkci lujt Turkish ilr.iling, to <.;'- At ami not t.) mciiu : so. dfinlyto |»ri>- mise, iiiH iif- ufi ti> (•<'jfori;i •!ie«ame- VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The lossc of Famag. g'lAe with their Gallies shooting in all their assaults and batteric.4 continually Cannon shot in all parts of the Citie, asnpcrc as they might. After we had defended and repulsed this as- sault, and perceiued things brought to a narrower straitc then they were wont to be at, wee hailing left in all the whole Citie but seuen barrels (f ponder, the gouernours of the Citie fully determined to yceldc vp themscliies and the Citie, with honourable conditions. Where- fore the first of ,\ugust in the after nnone, fhev tooke a truce, one being come for thai pur- j)ose from Mustafa the Generall, with whom they concluded the next morning following to giue two hostages a piece, vntill such time as both armies were agreed. For our hostages (,by the appointment of the right honourable Hragadino) were sent foorth the earle Mercule Martinengo, and Signior Mattco Col^i a Citizen of Famagusta, and from our enemies came into the Citie the Lieutenant of .Mustafa, and the Aga ol' the Ciiani/.zcrs, the which were met, eucn vnto the gate of the Citie of Signiour Haglione with two lunidrcth harquebusers : ours also were met in like mancr with great pompe with horsemen and hartpiebusers, with the Sonne also of Mustafa in person, who made very much of them. The Lord Raglione imparld with these hostages, which were then come for that purpose of the articles of peace, requiring by ihein of their Cicnenill, tlicir lines, armour, and go(ul>, flue pecces of ()rdinance, three of the best hordes, and safe passage from thence vnlo Candia arcomi)anied with their Gallies, and last of all, that the Grecians inhabiting the Island, might dwell there still quietly, and enioy peaceably their owne i>-t;\(",i hnnscH'e bv worde of mouth presenilv answered me to this letter, in this sort, ihat I >hinild ivinrne, and make relation to this noble man Hngadiiio, wlio had sent mee, tli.it he sIkhiM cnme oner t.i him at his owne ple.\siire, fur hee w.is xcrv de-irous both to see and know him, for his j;rc.it wnr- thinesse and prowesse, that hee had tried to be in him, and in the other of his C.ipiaines and Souldiers, of whose manhood and courage he would hononrablv report, where stieiicr he c.ime, as oceanic II should seme iliercunto: and to conclude, that hee should notiiing doubt of anv thing: because in no maner of condition hee would sud'er anv violence to be done to those, which remained behind within the Citie. So I speedily returning made true report of the same: and towards ni;;ht about foiire of the ciocke, the right honourable Hri;;.idin(i accom- panied with the L. Haglione, uitli .Signior .Muigi Nfartiiiengo, with the right wcr hipfnll .Siij- nior Gio. .\ntonio (iucrini, with the right worsliipfull .Signior .\ndrea Hrag.ulino, with the knight ofUa^te, with the < aplaine Carlo Hagon:isco, with caplaine I'rain csco Straco, with captaine Hec- tor of Brescia, with captaine Giroloinn di Sacile, and with other gentlemen and (iltie souKliour^, the Gouernours and Noble men with their swordes, and the Mnihlioiirs with their harqtiebu/.es came foorth of their hold, and went vnto the pauillion of .Mustafa, olwhom, all thiv at ihe be- ginning were curteouslv receiucd, and caused to sit downc bv him, he rrasoning and discours- ing with them of dniers things, a ceriaine time, and drawiiiL; them front one matter to another, at the last vpon a sudden picked :i tinareli \nto them, espcciallv burdening that noble Bragadino with an vntructh, laying to In-; charge \ he hiul (aii-.cd certaine ol his slaiies in the lime that the truce contiiuied bet weeiie the, to be ])ul to dealh. 'I'he whii h thin^ was most f dse. .So tiiat hee being angry therewith, •suddenly step! foorth, .md cominaunded t'leni to bee bound. Thus thev being vnarmed ( nut sullered at that time to enter into his pauillion, with their former weapo is) and ■■''h ,11 ti 1: Thelosseo/Famas. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. i4S rtic tcit bide of our Sjiiiourat hii P.lstiCHI. • '/echini, be certaine piecci of Biie ijnld cjined ill Ve- and bound, were led one by one info the market place, before his pauillicn, being presently cut and hcwen in sunder in his presence, and last of all from that woorthy and noble Bragadino (who being bound as ihe rest, and being commaunded twise or thrise to stretch foorlh his necke, as though hcc should haue bene beheaded, the which most boldly hee did without any Thtproi sparkc of fcarc) his eares were cut oflT, and causing him to bee stretched out most vilely "f J'", , 'jjj.' vpon the ground, Mustafa talked with him, and blasphemed the holy name of our Sauiour, brXii°nih deniaunding him, where is now thy Christ, that hee helpeth thee not? To all the which no ',"J,''"""' answere at all was giuon of that honourable gentleman. The earlc Ilercole Martincngo, Mui'tnfj.coiin which was sent lor one of the hostages, who was also bound, was hidden by one of Mustalas ?.'™|"fj_'°.(iici, cunuchcs vntill such time as his furie was past, afterward his life being graunted him, hee was lionnnniiie made (he cunuchcs slauc. Three Grecians which were vnder his pauillion were left vntouchcd. All the soiildicrs which were found in the campe, and all sortes of Christians to the number of three hundred, were suddenly slaine, ihcy nothing mistrusting any such treason, or ti- rannio. The Christian soiildiers which were embarked a litle before, were linked and fet- tered with iron chaincs, made slaucs, all things being taken from them, and stripped into their shirtes. The second (lay aficr this murfher was committed, which was the 17. of August, Mustafa ctitrcd the first time into theCitie, and caused the valiant and wise gouernourTiepolo to bee hanged, who remained behind, waiting the returne of Signior Bragadino. I being in the citie at that present, when other of my countreymen were thus miserably slaine and made sinucs, hill my sclfc in certaine of (he Grecians houses the space of fine daycs, and they not beini; able In kecpe mce in couert any longer for fearc of the great penallie, which was pro- claimed agavnst sutli transgressors and concealers, I ofTred, and gaue my selfe slauc to one Sangiaccho del Rir, promising him line hundred * Zechins for my ransome, with whom I re- mained in the Cainpe. The Friday folowing (being the Turkes sabboth day) this woorthy and ])aticnt gcntlcmnn Bragadino was led still in the |)rcsence of that vnfaithfull tirant Mus- tafa, to the batteries made vnto the Citic, whereas he being compelled to carv two baskets of "'"•'""y'"" earth, the one \pon his l)a(Ke, Ihe other in his hand slaue-Iike, to euery sundry battrie, being ninvaiuesm- enfori'cd also to ki-se the ground as oft as he pas'icd l)y him, was afterward brought vnto the ,tl',c "„! 'I,f' sea side, where he being placed in a chaire to leane and stay vpon, was winched vp in tiiat moMy.*iome- iliairc, and la-tened Mito the maincyard of a galley, and hoisted vp with a crane, to shew '^u','i 'li,"",- * him to all the Christian snuldiours and sialics (which were in the hauen already shipped) 'i>tf>oaTur. hcc being aftcrw.inl let dnwiie, and brought to the market place, the tormenters tooke of " i""""- his clothes froni him, and tacked him vnto the pillnrie, whereas he was most cruelly flaied f)uicke ; with so i;reat constancie and faith on his part, that he neuer lost or abated any iot (if his stcdfast courage, being so farre from any fainting, that hee at that present with most Hudeithtn- stoiit heart reproched them, and spake much s!;amc of his most traiterous dealing in breaking imfotmeMire, of his faithful! pnnni^e. At the last without any kind of alteration of his constancie, he re- commending his soulc >. nto almightie (iod, gaue vp the ghost. When hee had thus ended his life (thanks be to (iod) his skin being taken and filled with strawe, was commaunded loorthwith to be hanged \ pon the bowsprit ol a * Foist, and to be caried alongst the coast of * a Fein ii » Syria by the sea side, that all the port towncs might see, and vnderstand who he was. ganjin'r! fnns This is now so much as I am able to declare to your highnesse by that I sawc my selfe, '""'"h" Ij-- and can remember whilest that I was in the Fortresse: that also which by true relation of 57.^7, much others I could vnderstand, and sawe also my selfe in the campe, whilest I was slauc, I will ',"^1"'/'"; likewise briefly vttcr vnto you. The enemies armie was in number two hundred thousand Mroi.oraiwc persons of all sortes and qualities. Of souldicrs which tooke pay there were 8(). thousand, be- J^JJ^'^Ri^" sides the which number, there were H. thousand of Gianniz/.ers taken out from all the holdeti >i"i. of Syria, Caramania, Natolia, and part of theni also which came from the * gate of the great • I'he sue of ■furkc. The venturers with the sword were 60. thousand in number. The reason, why i?a'/rau"ii'to'" there were so manv of (his sort, was bc■, "Coiman. 'furkes dominion, that Fainagusta was much more wealthy and rich, then the citie of Nico- whX.'heV'aii sja was: so for that cause, and bv the commoilinus and ca-ie nas^jiirc from Syria ouer into j" ''" '' I I 4 Cyprus, Snnloll. thejrc I'urlti,! » w1 244 VOYAGFS, NAUIGATIONS, The losse of Famag, \ . I It' i H<.' :•. W .)/. '10 oil Vfrlmitri d4 tpadj, ire a kind of vrndir- ing S(>ul(lin»t who vi>inmntily *rp wont to f'll- Liw thr army in hnpc of tlie ip.iilf. Ak|H)o, 1 fj- mooi 'Hif iifere Cyprus, these venturers wore easily iiuUiccil to come tliithor. In 75. daycs (all the which time the batteric still continued) 1 JO. th(iu-.and iron pellet!) were shot of, niiiiibrcd, and si'cne. The chiefe pcr-ionages which wore in their annie nccre vnto Miistari, were thcHc following! the BaHsa of Aleppo, the Ba^isa of Nutolia, Mu?;iac(ho of yVniipo, Soliman Bey. three Sinu;ia(chos of Arabia, Mustafa Bcv vi'itoAhiiochi.1, ironerall of the Venturers, Fcrtrit poucrnour of Mal.itliia, the Framhuraro of Diueric, uft.vl'I/,^')'! l'^*^ Sanjiiaccho of Arabia and other Sanjjiacchos of Icssir crcdite, with the number of »,x„, iht tiiy foiirostorc thousand i)cr«.ms besides), as by the inustir made bv his Conunission niiulit of tlic .Sunnc. ,, ' fikyiny.iuiit. ^^eil appcarc. uh linguigc, 'J"||,. I-'rainburaro which was at Hhodes, was appointed and left gonernour at Fainaf!;iif report was that there should bee left in all the Island of Cyprus, twcniie thousand t Uitim^insg- persons, with two thousand horses, many of the which I -aw, bciiit; very leaiic and cuill ap- Aamiraii' poviited for seruice. it secincth also a thinj; not iin|)ertincnt to the matter, to sl^niljc ((, 5 Sjiijiicdio, ii y,n,_ |,(,^^. [_ i,y (lij. c-jieciidl j;racc of God, w.is deliiiered out of tluir crucll hands, I liaiiiiiir iht Tml"",' |)a'eil within two iV foriif dayes (all the which time I was sbue) Hue hundred ZechiiH '''""'"'"""'" lor mv ran.iome to him, whose prisoner I was, hy the meaiie-- of i!ie Consul for the Krciuli [!'io.'"ty.' Merchants, a li^ier tlien at Tri|)olis, who a litlc before came I'rrni I'rjpoiis in Svria vnto i\- nnnhu'\- ditir 11 &').'nrr »n.irr?to4Kl Sy The ' Famag, |>c which [)rc(l, and lore these jlhc Uiissa Tripdiis, iinlmraro, 'lafii Hey Ir DiiiiTic, Jiiinljcr 111' |i(>n niinlit 'amafriwtii. thoiisaiul 1(1 (uill np- :iiiiii' ti) I liaiiinir |c(l Zei hiiii llu' l-'rciu li r,\ vnio {'\- him, hti' iMiiscil nu'c it'Cf llf tlic ,il-^chi>()(l (it wailinj; my if iho which V oarc?4 and '\l\fi ill MTV I' Clirisijai >, rr ill a lililr !• rndf, wfc ime 1 II land, )y chjunrc :i i«T whal s(iri hvc ill worse r dwiir, l)c- so that now iiiinit ol' the ircriiinf; the or l.il)(iur('1t> VOYAGI'S, NAUIOATIONS, lohti Foxe. 77. A.Mnng oiir n>erchanl« here in Unj;Iai)il, it is a common voiapc to traflikc into fipainr wherrunto a nhip, being called The three halle Moonc!*, manned with J8. men, and well frnsed with munition)), the better to encounter their enemiei* withal!, and hauin^ wind & ['ft,'''" "''" •"'*'• f**"' ^'"^ Portsmouth, I5(i.'i. and bended her ionrney toward Siuill u citie in Sjjaine, in- tending there to trafiquc with them. And fallinf; neere the Strei>;hts, they perceiued thr- sclues to be beset roiuid with eijjht fjaliittt of the Turkey, in nuch wise, that there was no way for the to flie or escape av,a\, but tliat cither they must yeeld or els bt sunke. Which the owner perceiuin^, manfully encouraged his company, exhorting them ■ aliantly to nhew their manhood, shewing; them that (iod was their (iud, and not their encmiu:, requesting tiuMn also not to faint in seeing such a heape of their enemies ready to deuour them ; put- ting: them in mind also, that if it were(i(Hls pleasure to giue them into their enemies hands, it was nut they ^ ought to shew one displcasant lookc or countenance there against ; but to take it patiently, & not to prescribe a day and time for their deliucrancc, as the citizens of ISethuiiadid, but to put tiieniNelucs vnder his mercy. And againe, if it were his mind and giiod will lo shew his mighty power by the, if their enemies were ten times so many, they were not able to siand in their hands ; putting them likewise in mind of the old and ancient wo.- ters mate, Hoateswaine, Purser, and eucry man well appoinltd. Nowe likewise .soundeil \p the drums, irMm))cls and llnlcs, wlijih would liaui- encour.med any man, had he neuer so liile heart or courage in him. I'lieri taketh him to his charge luhn l<°oxe the gunner in the dis|)osing of his pieces in or- der (o the best eflect, and .sending his bullets towards the Turkes, who likewise bestowed their pieces thrise as fast toward the Christians. Put shortly they drew neere, so that the bowmen fel to their charge iti sending forth ihcir armwes so thicke amonyst the (iallies, &■ also in doubling iheir shot ^o sore v|)on the gallics, that there were iwi.se so many of llie Tiirkes slainc, as the number of the Christians were in all. Rut the Turks discharged iwise as fjst against the Christians, & so long, that tiie ship \\;is \ery sore stricken iV bruised vn- der water. Wliii h the Turke.s perceiuing, made the more lia-te lo it there came a shot from the Turkes, which brake his whistle asunder, and smote him im the bresf, so that he fell dnwnc, l)idding them farewell, & to bc "f good comfort, encouraging them likewise to winne praise liy death, rather then lo line (aptiues in nii.sery and shame. Which they hearing, in deed intended to haue done, as it appe.ired by their skirmish: hut the ])rease and store nl the Turkes was so great, that they Kere not able long to endure, but were so oueri)resse(l, tiiat they could not wield their wea- ponii ; Tkf f lli.'ir .\ 4'»lh ol ll.fir lohn Foxe. TIIAFFJQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Uil ponn : by rca>inii whereof, tlicy mii-t iitecli be taken, which none ol them intended to haiic bene, but rather tn haiic died ; except onely the moHtcrs mate, who xhriinke from the Hkir- nilKh, like a notable coward, rstceming neither the vaUirc of hi* name, nor aci:ouniinj? of the |)rcMent example of \m felloweti, nor hauing reipect to the miNerien, whcreiinto he should be put. But in line, so it wan, that the Turk* were victor*, whereof they had no jjreat raiiKe to reioyte, or triumph. Thett would it haue gricued any hard heart to -nee thr«ie Inlidtl-i so \i()leiitly intrealiuf; the Christians not hauing any respect of their manhood whirh they had lasted of, nor yet respecting their owne ntate, how they might banc met with ku( h a bootie, an might haue giuen them the ouertbrow : but no remorse hereof, or any thing elt doth bridle their tiert e and tiraiinous dealing, but that the Christians must needs to the gallies, to seme in new odices: and they were no sooner in them, but their garmertts were pulled oner their cares, and torne from their backe«t, and they set to the oares. I will make no mention of their miseries, being now vndcr their enemies ragiir^ stripes, I thinkc there is no man wil iiidgc their fare goixl, or their bodieti \nloden of siripi •. :inil iiiit pestered with too much heate, and also with too much cold : but I will goe to m\ pur- pose, which is, to shew the c/ide of those, being in meere miseric, which conliinialK doc call on God with a stcdfusi hope that he will deliuer them, and with a sure faith that lie can doe it. Nigh to the citic of Alexandria, being n luuen towne, and vnder the dominion if the Tiirkcs, there is a ro.ide, being made very fensiblc with strong wals, whereinto the 'fnrkcs doe custonialilv bring their gallies on shoare euery yeere, in the winter season, and there doe irimrn<' them, and lay them vp against the spring time. In which road there is a prison, wherein ihecapliues iSc such prist)Mers as scrue in the g.-iUies, are put for all that time, \nlill the seas be calme and passable for the gallies, euerv prisoner being most gneiiously laden with inms on their legges, to their great paine, and sore disabling of them to any labc ur tak- ing. Into which prison were these Christians put, .and tiist warded all the Winter scnson. Hut ere it w.»s long, the Master and the Owner, by nicanes of friends, wert- redeemed : the rest abiding still by the miserie, while that they were all ( through reason of tin ir ill vsagc and wiirsc fare, miserably starued> s.iuing one lohn Fox, who (as some men > an abide harilcr and niorc miseric. then other some tan, so can some likewise make more sliift, and worke more deuises to hcipe their slate and lining, then other some ran doc) being somewhat skilfiill in the craft of a Harljour, by reason thereof made great shift in helping his fare now and then with a good ineale. Insonuicli, til at the last, (IchI sent him fauour in the sight of the keeper of the prison, so that he had Icane to i;oe in anertie and initirirtonment. So that tiiis hilin Fox at U-nxth ojiening \nto thi?* \'n- ticaro the ih'uise whirh he would laine put in |)racliie, ntade priiiie nne more to lliit liicir intent. \Viu( h three jlehaled of this matter at Huch tinu's* as they could comiiaiNp to nieele toifetlier : inHoinneh, that at Hcuen wci-kc'^ ende tliev hail snllicienlly eoiuhided how the matter HJionid hr, if it piea«ed (iod to i'arllier iheni thereto: who making l>i>c more |)riiiie to till-, their (lelli^e, whom they thouulil they niii;ht Hal'ely trust, ileterii\ined in three nii>hu after lo act iimpli>h (heir delii)eraie purpose. Whereupon llu- .same lohn l'"o\, and I'eler Vii- ticaro, and the oiher si\e ap|>ointed lo nieele all toj^ether in the prison the iie\t (!a\, beiii^ Th» im-ii).. the last i|.i\ of Di'i einher : where this lohn l'o\ certilied the rest of the prisoners, what their inieiil and denise was, and how ami when lliey minded to hrinn their purpose to nasse ; who thereiiiiio persuaded them without nun li a doe to fiirlher llieir ileuise. Which lite same lohn l'o\ secini;, dehucred \ nio them a sort of liles. whiili he had gathered to>;etlier lor tins purpose, hv ilie nicanes oC I'ctcr \'niii aro, ( har>(in;; tlicin that eiicrv man should be rca- (lie ;reed lo j(oe with him, willini; the warders not to barrc the i;ale, s.ivin;;, thai he wiuld not stas lonu, bin would come a^aine with all spcede. In the incaiie »e.ison, the other seiicn li.id prntiided them ol such weapons, as ihev could );et in lli.il lu ii-c. and lojin I'ox lookc him to an olde rustie sword blade, without either hilt or poniell, wliich he made to scriie his nirne, in bending the hand ende ol' the .sword, in steed of a poinell, and the other had ;;oi sue li spits .nid ){laiiies as ilie\ found in the house. I'he keeper now biiiif; come \nlo the house, and perceiuinj; no linlil, nor lie.irin^; an\ ii()\>e, sir.nnht w.iv siispe( led the m.itter: and reliiriiiiij; backward, lohn Fox staiidini; beliinil the corner ol the hoii.e, «tep]ied loorlh vnto him: who |ieritiiiin(; it to be lohn Fox, •<;iide. <) l'o\, what h.uie t deseriied ol ihee, tli.it thou shouldest seeke mv de.,lli? Tin n \il- laiiie (.(piolh Fox) hast bene a bhiodsui ker of manv a Clirisiians blood, and now thou shall knew what thou hast deserucd at my liaiides: wherewith lie lift \p his l)ri;;lil shining sword Wmbtt, fjnuar; of teiine xeeres rust, and stroke him so niaine a blowe, a siiiuler, so thereit iiliall his head claiie iIkii he fell siarke de.id to the j;round Wlier( u]>on Peler N'nln .iro went in, and icrlilicd the re-l how the case stood wilh the keejier: who came prcseiillv (oorth, and some wilh their spits ramie him ihroiinh, :ui(l the olher ^^illl tiieir glaiues hewed him in sun- der, ( ul oil' his head, and mangled him so, ijiat no man sliouKI disccrne wiial he was. Th ■d en man lied tlie\ toward llie roade, whereiiilo they entered so|||\, w icre were six warders, whom one of them asked, s;i\nn;. who was there.' (luo >th I' o\ iV his comp.inv, a fiiendes. Wliiih when they were all within, proiied coiitr.irv : for, quoth Fox, mv masters, here is not to euery man a man, wherefore lookc you plav your parts. Who so behaued tliemselues in decile, that thev had ilispalclicd these sixe ipiicklv. Then lohn Fox inteiidini; iiot to be barred of his enterprise, and niindiny lownrke surclv in that which he went about, barred the j;;ile surelv, :iiid planted a Ciiion against it. T lien entreil they into the (iailers lodge, where they found the keyes of the rorlres.se &: by his bed side, and there had they .ill I'etter weapons. In this chamber was a chest. wherein \\;is a rich treasure, a lid duckals, which iliis I'eter \'iiticaro, & two more. ft J , opening, siuil'cd thcmi>elucs .so full m they toultl, bctwcciic their shirts and their skinne : which lohn For. rnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOURRTES which lohn Fox woiihl not once foiirh, and wytlc, that it wm hi« and their libertlr whirh he nought Cor, to the hdiiDiir of \w God, He not to make a niarlc of the wieked irea«iire of the Inlideljt. Yet did iho^e wordi ninkc nothing into their nioinakeH, th, whom John Fox and his enm|>anie slewe; in the kill- ing of whom, there were eight more of I'le Turkes, which percciued »hcm, and got them to the topp.' of thr prison; vnio whom lohn Fox, avd his company, wer'' 'airic to come l)y ladders, where tliev found a hot ikirmi-ih. For some of them were there slaine, some wounded, and some hut scarrcil, and nkirmi«li, as 'I'urkes slaine. Amongst the I'urkes was one thrust ihorowe, who ( !'■• v^ not nay that if was ill fortune) fell oir from the toppe of the prison wall, and made ...ui li a lowing, that the inhahitant* thereabout (as here and there scattering stoode a house > r two) tame and dawed him, co that thev vnd'-'rxlood the case, Iniw that the prisoners were |)aying their ranv.omes' whercwiili the) raised lioih ;\le\.inilri.i which lay on the west side of the inade, and a Cas'le which ww at the Cities end, next to the roailc, and also an oth.er Fortre.s-e which lay on the Northside of the roade: so th it nov^e thev Irid no wsj tt- «.-,apt', but one, which hy m a um reason (the two holdcs lying so \|ion the mouth of th- r. •<)'■) might Hcemc impossible to be a way for them. So was the red sea impossii)le for ili." Israelites to passe through, the hils and rocken lay so (Ml the one side, and their enemies ci>nipas.sed them on the other. So was it impott- sible, thai the wals of lericho should fall downe, being neither \ndermined, nor yet rammed at with engines, niT yet any mans wisedo.ne, pollicie, or heipe set or put thereunto. Such impossibilities can our (iimI make ponsible. He that heldc the Lyons iawes from renting; Daniel asunder, yea, or yet from once touching him to his hurt : can not he hold the roring canons of this hellish forte? He that ke|)t the liers rage in the hot burning Oucn, from the three (hildren, thai praised his name, can not he keepe the liers flaming bl,\stc« from among hi... elect ' Now is the rcide frauglil \>ilh luslie .souldieri, l.'borers, aiiil mariners, who ate laine to •land to their tackling, in setting to euery man his hand, some to the carying in of \ictuaN, s(mie muniti(ms, some oares, and some one thing, .sonu ;:rother, but most arc keeping their eiiemie from the wall of the ro.id. But to be short, tlare wa' no time mispcnf, no man idle, nor any mans labour ill bestowed, orinvaine. So ihat in short time, this gaily was ready trimmed vp. Wliereinto euery man leaped in all haste, hoyssing vp the sayles lustily, yeeld- ing themselues to his mercie and grace, in whose hands are boih winde and weather. Now is this gaily on Hole, and out of the safetic of the roade: now haue the two Castles full power \pon the gaily, now is there no remedy but to siiike: how can it b*; auoided? The < anons let flie from both sides, and the gaily is euen in the middest, and betwcene them both. What man can deuisc to sane it? there is no man, but would thinke it roust needes be suiike. There was not one of thciu that feared the shotte, which went tltundring routui about their VOL. II. K k care. % a4!> ;i't n i \>\ %:^W 250 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, lohn Fox. 3 • '. ■ r , ' ^ Ml ill, Fitrfmit) cf Ichri Fni Kii swii'il ftr |iT as mori,inf r I in OaHj|jallies, in biisthnj; thcmseUies to dresse vp the ^allies, which would be a swift pcece of worke for them to doe, for that thev had neither oares, mastes, sailes, nalile*, nor any thing else ready in any gaily. But yet they are cary- ing them into tlieni, some into one !;ally, and some into another, so that, being such a con- fusion amongst them, without any certaine guide, it were a thing impossible to ouertake them: beside iliat, there was no man that would take charge of a gallv, the weather was so rough, aid there was such an ainasediu-s aaiontrst them. And verciv 1 tliinke their God was am.ised thereat; it could not be but he must blush for shame, he can speakc ncuer a word for duliu'x, nnu!) lesse c.ui he heipe ihem in vucli an cxiremitie. Well, howsoeuer it is, he is very much to bianie, to suiler them to rcceiue such a gibe. Hut howsoeuer their God be- liaued himselle, our God shewed liiinselfe a Ciod indcede, and that he was the onelv lining God: for the seas were swilt vnder his faithfull, which m dc the enemies agast to behold them, a skill'idler IMot leades them, and their mariners bestirre them lustily : but the Turkcs had nei;her marinei's, i'ilot, nor aiiv skilfull Master, that was in a re.ulinessc at this |)inch. When the Christians were xal'e out of the enemies coast, lohn Fox called to them ail, will- ing them to be thankfull vnto almighty (Jnd for their deliuerie, and most humblv lo fall downe vpon their knees, beseeching him to aide them vnto their friends land, and not ti> bring them into an other daunger, siih hce h;ul most mightily dcliuered them from so great a thraldome and bondage. Th, > when euerv man had made his petition, thev fell straight wav to their labour with the oarcs, in helping one another, when they were wearied, and with gre.it labour striiiing to come to some Christian land, as neere as they could gesse by the slarre-. But the windes were so diuers, one while driuing them this way, another while that wnv that they were now in a newe ma/c, tliinkinii ihit Gnd had for» iken them, and left them to a greater danger. Ami forasmuch as there were no victuals now left in the gallv. it might haue beene a cause to them (if they had beenc the l-raelites) to haue murmured against their God: hut they knew how that their (Jod, who h.nl deliuered them out of .Fgypt, was such a louingand merciful! Gi'd, as that hce wiuld not -iiHer them to be confoiutded, in whom he had wrrught so gre.it a wonder: hut what for y kept eper, esteeming it as a most pre ioiis a monument. When ihey thought go( (I, hauiiig leaue to depart from thence, they savled along the coast, till they arriued at Tarenlo, where they >ol(le their g.illie, and deiiivled if, euerv in;iii hauiii;! a part thereof. The Turkcs receiuing so shnniefnll a loile .it their hand, pursued ihe Chri-lians. and scoured the se.is. wlicrc lliev ( ( iiid in .igiiie that ihev had In nl their c( uinc. And the Christians h.id ilei):irted from thence on t le one dav in ihe n Vi if t c fi iiid seinri il- ir ( s ( aine thither lh;il iiinht, as it was ci'riilied li\ those wIkj ((llowed F''ox, and his cumpaiiie, tearing le.ist thev should iiaue bene met v\ith. And then they came a foote to piiol \[ Coul IIKII takil hiinl ciiail ohn Fox. from the lath tried mn thinks if power, touched cii mi);ht ".warmcs dresse vp ad neither [ire cary- luch a ron- (> oiicrtakp her was no ir Gotl was uer a word r it is, he r God he- inely liiiini; t to behold the Tiirko lis pinch. ?in ail, will- il)iv to (all and not t.' n so great a labour with our striuins; t (he vs'indes ey were now .laii;;er. Ami ' a cause to lit ihcy kiicNs' nd nu'ri'ifiii! ijjhl so <;rc.it their fiirlluT them noi tn illv, It init,'lii , llic Limine d i'ii;l)I [KT- I on llie F-le )t and Monks Tiiey k! |)t nost prc'ii II!- cd alon;; the t, eut'ry nuni pnr>.neaue him his letters vnto the king of Spainc, where he was) very well entertained of hint there, who for tliis liis most worthy enterprise gauc him in fee twentic pence a day. From whence, being desirous to come into his ownc countric, he came thither at such time as he cnniieniently could, which was in the yeerc of our Lordc God, 1579. Who being come into England, wciit vnio the Court, and siiewed all his trauell vnto tiic Counccll: who con- sidering of the slate of this man, in that hee had spent and lost a great part of his youth in thraldomc and bondage, extended to him their libcralitie, to heipe to inaintaine him now in age, to their right honour, arid to the incouragemcnt of all true hearted Christians. The copic of the certificate for lohn Fox, and his companie, made by the Prior, and the brethren of Gallij)oli, where they (irst landed. WE the Prior, and Fathers of the Couent of the Amerciates, of the city of Ciallipoli, of the order of Preachers doe testifie, tliat vpon the 2!) of lanuary last past, 1517, there came into tiic said citie a certaine gaily from Alexandria, taken from the Turkes, with two hundreth fiftie and eight ('hristians, whereof was ])rincipal Master lohn Fox, an Englishman, a guinier, and one of the chiefest tliat did accomplish that great worke, whereby so many Christians haue recouercd their liberties. In toiien and remembrance wiiereof, vpon our earnest reiiuest to tiie same lohn Fox, he hath left here an oldc swordc, wherewith he slewe liie keeper of the prison: which sword we doc as a monument and memoriall of so worthy a detde, hang \p in the ehiefe place of our Couent house. And for becaine all things afore- <.\'h\, are sueii as wc will testifie to be true, as they are orderly passed, and haue tiiereCore good credite, that so much as is abouc expressed is true, and for the more (aith thereof, we the Prior, and I'athers aforesaide, haue ratified and subscribed these presents. Geiien in Gal- lipt p.ist, slew the keejier of the prison, (whom he tirst stroke on the fact^ to- gether with llure and tweiitie other Turkes, bv the assislai'ce of his fellow prisoners: and with 'ititi. ('hristians (,of whose libertie he was theaiitli(irl launched from Alexandria, and from theiiee arriued lirst ;it liallipoly in Candle, and aiicrwardes al Tarento in Apulia : the \\ritlen testimony and indite of whidi things, as .ilso of niiicrs, the same lohn Fox hath in pul)like tablis from N.iples. \'pon l'.;:sier cue he i aine to Rome, and is now determined to take his iourne\ to ihe Spanish Court, hoping there to obtaine Miine reliefc toward his lining: wherefore the poore distressed man humbly bcscechetli, aiut we in his behalfe do in the bowels of Chri^l, desire voii, that taking compass'on of his lormer ca|)tiiiilie, and present penurie, you doe not onely snfl'er him freely ti passe throughout all vour ciiies and townes, Init also succour him with vour charitable almes, the reward whtniof vou shall hereafter most assuredly receiue, which wc K k '.i hone , i m (I »*' 252 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, tohn Fox. TTk »oy»(f of loieph Clc-nrnts to Cor.llantir.o* ,.u. The fint vi'vije of M. Wilhatn Hifborne to Coutantitiuplc hope you will afford to him, whom with tender affection of pitie wee commende vnto you. At Rome, theSOofAprill 1577. Thomas Grolos Enjjlishman Bishop of Astraphen. Richard Silleum Prior Angliae. Andreas Liidouicus Re^jisfer to our Soueraigne Lord the Pope, which for the greater credit of the premises, haiie set my scale to these presents. At Rome, the day and yeere aboiie written. Mauricius Clement the gouernour and keeper of the Ei.glish Hospitall in the citie. The King of Spaine his letters to the Lioiitenant, for the placing of lohn Fox in the office oi' a Gunner. TO the illuxfrious Prince, Ve'^pa^ian Gonsaga Colonna, our Lieutenant and CaptaineGe> nerail of dur Kc.ilmc of Valenlia. Hauiiig toiisidcration, that lohn Fnx Englishman hath serueJ \>, and was one of the most princip^ill, whirh tookc aw;iy from the Turkes a certainr gallic, uhi( h ihcy haiie brought to Tarento, wherein were two huiidred, tiftie. and eight Chrintian raptiues: we licence him to ))ractisc, and giiie him the oflire of a Gunner, and haue (ird.iined, that he goe to our said Realme, t''"re to seme in the said office in the Gallic, which by our commandetnent are lately made. And we doe commaund, that you cause lo be payed to him eight ducats pay a moneth, for the time that he shall seriie in the saide Gal- lies as a Gunner, or till we can otherwise prouide for him, the saide eight duckats mniiethlv of the money which is already of our prciusion, present and to come, and to haue rcgardc ui those which come with him. From Escuriall the tenth ol August, 1577. I the King. luan del Gado. And vnder that a confirmation of the Coimcell. The renuinn and increasing nf an ancient and commodious trade vnto diuerse places in the Lcuant sca-j and to the chicfc-t partes of all the great Turks domi- nions, by the incanes ol the Ki;;ht worsh. ritizcns Sir Edward (>l I, till the yeere 1534, and afterward also, though not s53, and the stroi'g and weightv i»»asons ol Ga«ji,ir Campion for that pur|)iv»e) was vtterl\ discontinued, and in rnainT quite I rgotten, as if it hail neuer bene, for ?he space of 'M yeares and more. Howbeit the di-crcet;- and worthv citizens .Sir lulward (>>l»>riie and M. Richard St.ipcr -eriously <'onsidering what bcnefite might grow to the (ommon wraith by reniiinu of the foresaid discontinued tr.idc, to the inlaiging of her Maiesties customes, the furiheting of nauigation, the venting of diuerse generall rominodities of this Kcalme, and the inrii liing of the citie of I.ondartcd from London by the sea to Hamburgh, and thence i 'ohn Fox. you. At ater credit and yeere citic. n the ptaine Gc iinnn hath a certaiiir ami eight tinner, and lie CallicM, oil caiisf to e saide Gai- ts monethlv e regarde nf • Coiinccll. (liuerse s donii- crman, Jiinw, where- of our Lord ' veere l."):;0, ispcroiH VI 'y- ; the tbrc»aicl ny lenken.son ) was vlterK spare of '2t) erne and M. m wealth by ii'-ldmes, the alme, and the • the reci.. b- and expenses :•, where the L'nior, lor M. i> his Highnes hed, thf !-avd iiiiburgh. and thenrr The Turks Letters. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. «68 thence accompanied with loaeph ClomentH his guide and a seniant, he trauailed to Leopolis in Poland, and then apparelling himseife, Iiis guide, and hisseruant after the Turkish fashion (hauinu' Jirst obteyned the king of Poland his sffe conduct to passe at Camienijecz the fron- tier towne of his dominions next vnto Turky) by good means he obteined fauour of one Acmet Chaus the Turks ambassadour then in Poland, and readie to returne to Constantino* pie, to bee receiucd into his coinpanic and carouan. And so the fourth of September 1578 he departed with the said Acmet from Leopolis in Poland, and trauelling through Muldauia, Valachia, Bulgaria, and Romania, gratifying the Voiauodes with certaine courtesies, he ar- riued at Constantinople the 28 of October next insuing. Where he behaued himseife so wisely and discreetely, that »vithin few monelhs after he obtained not onely the great Turkes large and ample priuiledge for himseife, and the tv;o worshipfull persons aforesaid, but also pro- cured his honourable and friendly letters vnto her Maiestie in maner following. The letters sent from the ImperiaM Musulmanlike highnessc of Zuldan Murad Can, to the sacred regall Maiestie of Elizabeth Queene of England, the fifteenth of March 1579, contcyning the grant of the first priuileges IN grealnes and glory most renowmed Elizabeth, most sacred Queene, and noble prince of the most mightie worshippers of lesus, most wise gouernor of the causes and affaires of the people and family of Nazareth, cloud of most pleasant rainc, and sweetest fountaine of noblencsse and vertiie, ladic & heire of the perpetuall happinesse & glory of the noble Kealme of England (whom all sorts seekc vnto and submit themselues) we wish most pros- perous successe and liappie ends to all your actions, and do oticr vnto you such pleasures and curtesies as are worthy of ourmutuull and elernall familiaritie : thus ending (as best besecm- eth vs) our former salutations. In must friendly maner we giuc you to vnderstand, that a certaine man hath come vnto vs ill the name of your most excellent Kegall Maiestie, commending vnto vs from yon all kind- nesse, cunesie and friendly olTires on your part, and did humbly require that our Impcriali h'ghnegM- Moiild vouchsafe to giue icaue and liberiie to him and vnto || two other merchants |Thiira of vi'iir kmgdome, to resort hither and returne againe, and that by way of traffike they might '"'!^'',^''' be sutiered to trade hither with their ^oods and merchandizes to our Impenali dominions, md m. Rkhud and ill like sort to make their returne. S"t*'- Our Mately Court and Countrey hath beene euer open for the accesse both of our enemies and friends. But because we are informed that your most excellent Regall Maiesty doth abou'id with good will, humanitie, & all kind of louing afl'ectioii towards vs, so much the rather shall the same our Countrey be alwayes open to such of your subiecis, as by way of merchandize shall trade hither : and we will neuer faile to aide & succor any of them that are or shal be willing to esleeme of our friendship, fauour, & a.ssistance : but will reckon if some part of ourdiitie to ^ratifie them by all good meanes. And forasmuch as our Imperiall hi<>h- nesse is -men to vnderst.md that your most excellent Regall Maiestie doth excell in bountie Si curtc'-ie, we thcrfore haiie sent out our Imperiall commandement to all our kings, iudges, and traiiellers by sea, to all our Captaines and voliMitarie seafaring men, all condemned per- sons, and ollicew "f Ports and customes, straightly rharijing and ccmmanding them, that Mich foresaid persons as shall resort hither by sea from the Healine of England, either with great or Binall vessels to trade by way of marchandize, may lawfully come to our imperiall Domini- ons, and freely returne home againe, and that no man shall dare to molest or trouble them. And if in like sort ihey shall come into our dominions by land, either on foote or on horse- backe, no man shall at any lime withstand or hinder them: but as our familiars and confe- derates, the Frenth, Venetians, Polonians, and the || king of Germany, with diuers '-therour neis^hbours about v«, haue libertie to come hither, & to returne againe into their own" coun- trcys, in like sort the marchants of your most excellent Hegall Maiestieskinudome shall haue safe «oiuluct and leaue to repayre hitherto our Imperiall dominions, and so to returne againe into iht ir own Country : straightly charging that they be suffered to vse and trade all kind of narcl.andize ai« any other Cbribtians doe, without let or disturbance of any. Therefore It Ht c.illtth thf iirrm^inf tin* ill i I' '''II flh- 1\ ' It 254 VOYAGES, NAL'IGATIONS, The Q. LcUers. ' )• '^ laUi %: ^^r Tr.rTiukr.lf. miirtilh likf pri.iilrgc5for his iul)irit5 in the Qurrnca Therefore when these our Impcriall letters shall be brought to your most excellent Rcfiall Maiesiio, it shall bcincet, arcordinp; In ciillatiim tam urati^ l.nnq agente*^. \ habciilcs i;rali ralionc.. pniq; ea (pi im n>i!>is inscuit tcr maxinius nuindi tiionarc ha Dens (per quern iV cu- ius au-pici|s regnamus' naiur.K- bonitate, qua remotissirnas ik s esse voluit, \.' alihorrentrs ah ingralitiidinis oinni \t'l minima sus])itione, docuilij; luillorum vnquam \t priniipinn, vllis In nos nu'riti.-. nos sincre:nu«. \inci, aut sn]>eniri, vl apiid in^rata n principem tantum benelic imn ilej)osuisse, se ve-.ira Celsiindo existimet. Proptereaij; aiiimuiu no-tnun inprr^eniiarum vr- •ilne celsiliidini emeiimtir, bene seniirndo it pravlicandc, quanlopcrc'nos dbstrictas benelii'; huius ill subdilos uostros collati piilemiis nicmoria s(Mn])ilcrn;'i : loiii;('^ vlietiiTcm, iS: amplic- rcm uralitiulinis crga vcslrain (cl-ilndiiiein nosir.r le^tili( alioncin (laliir.i', (inn tempora iiid- dcnl, vl possiimiN iV a imMs de^idcnibiMir. Qnnniam aulem iiii.r luwiris |)an(issub hcitcliciiiitt e('» rcddat augiisliiis, (pio eiusdcm donatio lalii'is j)alel)it, \: ad pliircs periiiu'hit Ciiius tam sjngiilatis in nns benelicij tneriluin, eo crit cci^i- tudini \e^ir.T niiiiuv pn'tiitcnditm, (p,o siml ti-crccs ill.-e, quibiis rc^iia nostra abiind.int. & . alinrum priiitipu ditioues egeiit lam hiimatiis \sibii, cidnmoda; tamq; ncccssario.-, nulla gcit« jcnciinli'" accepimiis (tnavimas cclsiiudini vestr.T jtrnpterea i^- I tttillo vt vnquam paiieimir tempore, jiro faitiltaltim iKistrariim The Q. Letlers. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 855 ent Rc;'all Ity towards Ineuolence, Jnourish bv led by your Idominions, Ito refiirni' your hii- lire thereof eere of our flit the (ley. ■T, Fraiifia- [gcnfiiim, \ irix, aii^iis- iitcntissiiiKi, 11 rcriim op- n:c'cpiniii> 'litis aiiiii ad cntrr, litcni' larcl)()rno i,. litt'r.T pro- ,". nicrriliii'. , iiult'q; rc- •stra C;esaiT:i ;iia(]; aiiijii^- s(icijs(|; Mii- ibis, & iiosliM idilos iiostHK ])r('ptcrca iV nil iiDstrariiin qiiciii iV (11- ilidrrriitr- ali i|)Min, \llis in 111 b«MU'fi( iiHii .rnlianiin vc- itas bciU'(i( i; n, iSl amplii'- rmpora imi- •iiibdili", VM\: II' libera \ylenissimi; succiirratur. Facit pr;cterei\ »ingularis ista CeNitudinis vcsirx' in nos (iciiii'iiique nostram suiniii;L' bencuolentifc signilicafio ac fides, vt eandem, in causain quo- ruiidam siibdituruin iiosironini, qui captiui trireinilius vestris dctincntur, intcrpellcmus, ro- gemiisqiii', vt qiioniain riiillo in ceNitudinem vcstram pcccato suo, siu»^ arma in earn Ic'rcndo, siiit^ iiii(|uius pr.xlcr fas & ins gentium se gerendo in suos subditos, in banc calamitatem in- cidciint, soluii vinciilis, & libertatedonati, nobis pro sua fide & oI>sequio inscruicntcs, causam vbcriorcin jira-bcaiit vestrae Celsitudinis in nas humanitatem praedicandi: it Deuin ilium, qui shty defender of the Clirisiiaii f.iiib a;;aiiist ail kinde t>f idolatries, of all tli;it line among the Cliristiaiis, ami fully [irofisse the N.iini! ol Christ, vnto the most Iniperiall and most iiiuiiuiblc jiriiicc, Zul- (lan Murad Can, the most miyblie ruler of tiie kingdoine of 'furkii', sole and aboue .ill, and most soiicreigne .\Ionar( li of the fast limpire, greeting, and many happy and fortunate veirc's, with abiindaiKe of the best things. M(!st Imperiall anil most iniiincible lunpcroiir, wee liaue rc.ciiicil the letters of your niightie bighiics.se written to vs from Cust.inlinople the fifleentli dav of March liiis present vere, where- b\ we viuierstaiid liuw graliously, and how f.uiourablv f.e humble petitions of one William Hareborne a subieit of ours, re-ideiit in the Imperial ( itie of vour higbiies presented \nto your Maieslie for the obteining of aecesse for him and I'vo other .Marchaiits more of his com- pany our siibiects also, to come with marehandi/.es tmiii bv sea and I. mil, to the coiintrcis and lerritnries siiliiect to your goucrnment, and from tlienre a;4aine to returnc home with good le.iue and libertie, were accepted of your most inuiiicible Imperiall highiiesse. and not tluit oiiely, but with an extraordin.irie speed and worthy your Imperiall grace, that whidi was craned by petition was granted to him. and his company in regard oiiely (as it srcmeth) oi ill,.! ( -I ■1 iwr " :.)f» VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, 'Ihe Q. Leltm (1 '1 I ) I i I :i .1/. I •'K'i ih.it opinion which your, liighnesse coiicpiiicd of vs and ouramilie: which singular benefit iIdiic to (i\ir atore«aid !.ul)icct», wee fake so thankefully, anil in so good part (yeelding for flic «ainc oiu- greatest thanks to your highnc^se) that we will ncuer giue occasion to your said !iip.hnesse ^ according as time, and the respect of our aflfaires will permit) once to thinke so jijii at a pleasure bestowed vpon an vngratefull Prince. For the Almighty God, by whom, iiid by whose grace we reigne, hath planted in vs this goodncasc of nature, that wee detest .*iid aljhorre the least suspition of ingratitude, and hath taught vs not to suffer our selues to hfi' ouermatched wilii the good demerits of other Princes. And therefore at this time wee iloe cxtendc our good minde vnto your highnesse, by well conceiuing, and publishing also abroad, liow much we repute our sclfe bound in an euerlasting remembrance for fiiis good pleasure to our Subicrts, meaning to yeelde a much more large and pientifull testification of our tliankcruliicsso, when time conuenient shall fall out, and the same shall bee looked for at our handes. But whereas tliat graunt which was giucn to a fewe of our Subiects, and at their onely re- quest without any intercession of ours, standeth in as free a iibertic of comming and goinj; (o and from nil the lands and kingdoms subiect to your Maiestie, both by land & sea with man liinidizcs, as euer was granted to anv of your Imperiall highnesse confederates, as namely to llic I'leiu li, the I'olonians, the Venetians, as also to the subiects of the king of the Romanes, wee desire of vour highnesse that the commendation rf such singular conrtesie may not bee so narrowly restrained to two or three men onely, but may be iiilarged to all our subiects in i;ener.ill, that thereby your highnesse goodnesse may appeare the more notable, by reason of ihe gr.Hiniini; of liie same to a greater number of persons. The bestowing of which so sin- uul.ir abenelit your highnesse shall so much the lessc repent you of, by howe much the more (it and lucessary for the vse of man those commodities are, wherewith our kingdomes ddc ibouiul, and the kingdomes of other princes doe want, so y there is no nation that can l)p wiilioul them, but are glad to conic bv them, although by very long anddiflicult trauels; niu'. when tlicy haue tliem, thev .sell them much deerer to others, because eucrv man seeketh to make ])rolite by his labour: so that in the getting of them there is profit, but in the buying ijf tlicm from others there is l(i.sse. But this profite will be increased to tlie siil)ie( Is of your highnesse by this I'ree arre-se of a few of our subie( Is to your domininns, as also the tossc and biinlen wilhe eased, 1)\ the pern)is,i()n of gencrall ai ( esse to all our people. And fur- thermore we will trraiiMt as eijiiall and as free a liberlie to the subiects of your highnesse with vs for the vse ol tratVuiiie, when they wil and as often as they wil, to come, and go to and from \s ami our kini^doiiics. Whic h Iibertic wee promise to your highnesse shalbe as ample, and as lar>;e as any was euer giiien or granted to your subiects bv the al'oresaiile princes Noiir confederals, as n.imeiv (he king of the Romanes, of rraiitc, of Poland, and the comnKui wealth of Venice. In which matter, if your most inuinrible Imperiall hig'uiessc shall \omiIi- safc to iiiclin" to our rcas( nable re(]uest, and shall t;iiie order vpon these our letters, that wee may haiic knowledge how the same is aicejited of you, and whether it wiliie t:raiiled, with -iillicieiit seciiritie (or our subiects to go, and retunie s.ile ami se( urc Inini all violetnes .md miiirics of \oiir people, we on the other side wil ijine order, that lluse Kinmodilics winch .\linightv (iod hath Ixstowed vpon our kingdomes (whii h are iii deed so eviellent, that hv reason of them all priM( es .ire dr.iwen tocnlir, ami (oiilirme Iciyiies of amitie and ^ood neighborhood with vs, by thai ineanes to eiiiov these so great blessings of (Jod, which wehaue. 111(1 llie\ (an in no case want) our subiects ^!■,all bring them so abundanllv and plentifullv |n the kingdomes and dominions of your liii,hnesse, that both the former inconuenieiH es oi ne- cessitie, and knx-, shall most siillicienll; be taken awav. Moreoiier the signilicalion and as.surance of vour liighnes.,e great alleclion to vs and om nation, docth cau^e vs also to inlreal and \se inedi.ilion on the behalle of cirlaine ol oiirsnb- ie( N, who are (leleiiied as slaues and capliiies in vi.ur Ciallies, lor whom we t raiie. that foras- mui li as they are Lillen into that inisei v, not bv anv otience of theirs, bv bearing of arines against your highnesse, or in liehaiiing of ihemselues contrary to honestie, and to the law of nations, they may Ijc deliuered from their bondage, and restored to Iibertic, for their scruice iowarde» .» I Letlen ar lienolit ing for ilie your said thinke ho by whom, wee detest selues to time wee ishing also ' tliin good ification of oked for at r onely re- and goiiij; & sea with as namely c Romanrs, lay not hee !iiil)ii'Cts in by reason ol hich so sin- f h tlic more gdomes doe that can be Irauels: ani'. 1 serkcth tu I the biivin)» c( Is of your Iso flic losse f. And fiir- jboessc wlih lid go to and be as ani|)lc, princes \(,iir the ((iiiuiKin shall \ OIK ti- ers, that uce iranled, with iiilenccs .iMil idities uhi(h ent, that l>v tie and jioml ii( h we haiif, ilentifiilK i(. cn( es III iic- vs and our e of our s\il). e, that foras- ing of amies III the law of their seniice iin\ardc» Turkic priuOegen. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 257 towardes vs, according to their ductie : which thing shall yeeld much more abundant cause to vs of commending your elcmencle, and of beseeching that God (who onely is aboue all things, and all men, and is a most seucrc reuenger of all idolatrie, and is icioiis of his honour against the false gods of the nations) to adornc your most inuinciblc Imperiall highnesse with all the blessings of those gifts, which onely and deseruedly are accounted most worthy of asking. Giuen at our palace of Greenwich, nccre to our Citic of London, the fine and twentieth day of October, in the yeere of Icsiis Christ our Sauiour one thousand, fine hundreth, seuentie and nine, and of our reigiic the one and twentieth. The charier of the priiiileges granted to the Kngli.sh, & the league of the great Tiirke with the Queenes Maie-lic in respect of traflRque, dated in June l.'iSO. IMmcnsa & maxima ex jioteslale potentissimi, terribilibu.sque verbis & nunquam linicnda iiinumerabiliuc dementia ik inelfabili auxilio Hanctissimi & pura mente colendissimi trc- mendissimfq; v"iiicr.sitatiini crcaloris, priiicejjs temporum jirfcscntium, vnicus moderna; a;ta- tis inonarih.i, toliiis orbis tcrrarum potenlibiis sceptra diuidere potciis, dementia-, gratixq; diuina' xnibra, regnornm iirouinciarnmue, & vrbium ciuitatUTiUe distributor permultaruin : Nos sacratissimus Cesar Miizulmanicus, Meccha', id est donnis diuina;, Medina?, gloriosis- siniic & heali-siin.T Icrusalcm, Aegypti ftrlilissinix", lemen & Zouan, Eden & Canan, Sami pacifcr.c I'v; Ilebe-, lab/a iV I'azra, Zcnizub &: IIale|)ia;, Caramaritc & Diabekiruan, & Dulkadiriii', liabylonia-, \ loliiis triplicis Arabian, Kuzoriim iV Georgianorum, Cypri diuiti^, & regiiortiin .Vsi.e, Ozakior, Caiiiporiiin .Maris albi & nigri, Gra-ciic & Mesopotamia;, Africa- iV (iolcta-, .\l;;eris iV- Tripolis occidcnlalis, selectissimieq; Europa-, Huila-, & Te- nu-swar, iK; rci^noriun iransalpiiionini, tSc his siiiiilium jiermultoriim princeps ('a-saru^- sacer- rimiis, ])ciicniissiniiis Mnrad (".iii, liliiis prin( ipis Zclim Can, qui fuit Zoleiman Can, qui fuit Zeliiii Can, qui I'uil I'aie^id Cm, (pii liiil .\lelunicd ("an, <.Vc. No-- prim cj)> pulcntissiiniN Murad Can hoc in signiim nostra- C.Tsarea; amicitisi; signilica- mus, iiianilV«i.ciniis, cpiod in |{ inporibus nu'dernis I'cgina Aiiglia-, Fran( ia\ iV Ilibernix Kli- /alieliia in Chrisiianitati- h(iiir,rali>sim:i Hcgina (cuius mercatoruin cxitus sit I'celiciiisimus) ad niisir.uii cxccU.un, iv iiistitia- plcnani, liilgiilissinuiniui- poriam, qua- omnibus principil)us inundi est rdunium iV rc(piics, jkt egrcL;iuni (iiilielmiun Harcburiuim litcras niisit suas, (piihus su.i maic.-l.is si^nilicauit, (|uod tiniporc pra'terito quidam subdili sui vcnisseni ad no«tr.uii port.un exccUani, \- suaui obedic-ntiam (-rga e.im demoiislrauissent, \: ob cam cau- sain illi^ ir.intil)u^ cr:a no^tr.un |)(irl.i;ii CMilsam iv;:ii)us iV priiuipi- bus conrn-iltr.iiis '\t suiil re\ (l.dlnruiii, Vciicli, iV rc\ I'olouoruui, \' lU-teri) iMceni iV .. ., . . ... . . - • . ■ 1- 1 . • ... . . ' .' rtrju^ 1 urcic i IcL-iliw saiii lissiinuui pc|iii;inuw: -"ic eli.rn turn jjral.ita Kc^iiia auiK itiani cusiinliciul.ini, pa- inii"..i!,.iiic;.m (■cm i; litdus i(iniuii\unus. lllius igitiu' houiiuc-, iV' Miiuersi nun alorcs, sine aliquo j|„. "^-^i"" '"'"""■ pedinu-pio cum sui.s nitn ibus i^; oneribus cunclls ad nostras dilionis Ca'.sareas pat:ificii & se- cure \cnianl, i.*v. sa.un e\cr< caul inercaturani, niant-ant in suis Item, si edulia suis priunijs emere vuliierint, nemo resistat illis, sed situ- impedimcnto edulia emant. (i Item, si infortunium maris naues eorum in terram ])roiererit, Hej;i & iudic<-s, & r.Ttcri nostri siibditi sint auxilio illis, merees & res eonnn qu.e remanserint iterum reddantur illis, & nemo iiii])ediat illos. 7 Item, si pra-latsc rejjin.'c homines, eonnn interpretes, \- mereatores, sine |)er terram, sine per mare menandi <;raliA ad nostras ditiones venire velint, lei;iiimo telonio, i<: vectijjali reddito, pacilict' vn^entur, ea])itanei & re^es maris \- nauium, \' aliud );enus liomiinnn per mare vaf;aniium in personis, i"i: rebus eorum, i)eroribus(pie, ne noieani illis. H Item, si aliipiis e\ Anj;lis debitor, aut ii're aiieno esset obstriclus, iniu'iiirif|ue nun |)os- sit, raiione deljitornm .iltcrius niillus nisi esset (ideiu^sur ( apiatur ant impediatiir. 9 Item, si Anulus testamenlum fecerit, \' sua bona euirimque lej;auerit, illi dentur b m i illius, iV: si sine testamcnto moreretur, ronsu! enrimi cuin'impie sociorum mortui liominis dixerit debere dari, illi dentur bona mortui liominis. 10 Item, -^i .Xnuli, & ad \ni;lia:n |)rrlinentiiim locorum miTratnrcs \' interpretes, in vrndciulis iV t'mr;ii!is nierci'iii^ lideiu^iionibus i^vj rebus .d ijuid ne!.;o< ij habueri rem \eiiiant. ^ in librum in«(ril>i fariant npt;(i|ium, iV si \oluirint, lilcias (pii) iint .1 iudi(e, pniplcrea (pio I si ali(jiiid inciderit, vich'rnit librum \ lileras, \- se( undiim fcnorem i'>nim piTlit i.infur ne'^nicia eorum s\isj)e(ia: si :iulem neqne in librnm in-^criberen- tur ii((|iie iileris liaberciit, index i'aKa testimonia non admitlal, sed secundum iu»liliam le- ;:em adiiiini-irans non sinat illos im|)cdiri, n Item, -i nliquis (li( errt, quod isii Christiani nostne (idei Mii/ulmanie;e male (li\- cri It, \' <'ain vitnperijs atieierint, in hoc nejjocio eliam iV alij-, ii.sies lalsi minime ad- m t?ani!ir. I'i Item, si aliciiiis eornin aliiiuod lacinus p;ilrarel, iV I'ui^ii'us nun pussit iiuieniri, nulius nisi esset (i; nemo illis resistat. I') In-ni, si illoruiii iiilerprc- in aninis ne^otijs (Kcuj)a(uii abesset, doMcc \eniret jnterpris, expccutur, & interim nenii; illos iniptdiat. 17 Item, 1 1 iiidi- accepi- ol ol i'e Ml n< tell ;' i •//ri/i',c:f,». lulifionc" Isitiidiiiis lis 8c sup- niicribiN U noccat, litiunihus Turkic priuilcf(fs. THAFFIQUns, AND DISCOUERIKS. ia9 17 Item, si Anyli inter sc nliqiiam litem habcrent & vellcnt ad mum coiwiilcs ire, nemo rcsisiat iilis "cd libcri' vcniant ad Conftulcs such, vt sreuiidCiin innrcH coriim (iiiiatdr In orta. 18 Item, si jxm tempiis aul datum luiiuN priiiilo},'ij, piratnc, aiit alij aliqiii liberi gulicrna- inrCM naiiium per marc va^aiitcs, aliqiicm ex Aiiglis ccjjcrint, & trans mare vci eis marc veiiderint, sccmtduni iii.stitiani cxamiiu'tiir: & si AngliiH iniicntiis fuerit, & reli^inncm Mil- /.iilinaiii< am assum|)serit, lil'cr^ dimittaiiir: si nuteni adhiu; csset Cliribtiaims, Aiiglis rcdda- fiir, (.V emplnres siiam pccimiam al) illo petant, u quo cmerant. I!) llc'in, "ii iKiHtr.i" C'li-sare.T Celsitudinis naiic-* iirmatx- exiiieriiit ad marc, & il)i iiiueii- frint iiiiiic-^ Annlica-i nu-ries portanles, nemo inipediat iilas, imo amici! tractcntur, & luilluni damnum (acianl illis: (iuemadmoduni (i.ilirs, Veneti-i, & catcris nobiHeum confopdcrati'* rr- r^\\n\<. ik priniipibus priuilc^iinti, & arlicuins ])rinil(',i;iis flcdimus & coneessimus, simili modo ills (iiKKiue Aiifilis (jriiiili'^ium k^ artiiulcs jjriuilfj^ijs dedimusiS; conerssimuii, & contra Icuom diuiMani, & h(ic prinilcj;iinit, nemo \ntpiam aiiipiid audeat faetrc, 20 Item, si naiKN mnnnii-, 8c p:iru.T in iiinerc 8c loco vbi slant dclinebuntur, nemo illos nndcal impcdirc, sid poliiis auxilio sint iili-. 'il Iiini, si ij(roius\ I'll res vi raperi'iit natics illoriim, nauii'mupic incrcc!<, niapna diiigi'ii- tia i|ii:i'raiiliir hilroiies 8c (iires, 8c sollcrissiln^ piiniantiir. yi Ad iMi'iiiiiitn, Hi'>;lerl)esij. 8c Zan/.iacbegi, Capiianci noHtri, Mancipia, & per marr naiii^anies serui C"apilanel)seriiari niaiidamiis. Datum ('(iiwiaiiiinnpiili, anno iiostri prophetic Sanctissimi 'J8S, in priiiripio mensis Iiinij, anno .iiiiiin le^u I,"i80 'I'hi' inlcrprelatioii lil" liie letter-, or priiiileije of the most miitlilie and Mtisiiman- like l^niperour /nldan Miirnd Can, "granted al the rrtpiest of Ivli/.abeth bv the V'race of the most !iiii;hiie (iod, and onlv Creator of hcaiien and earth, of lin- •ulaiid, I'r.mre and Ireland (Jiieene, eonlirniin;; a peace and Icagi;c betwixt both the -aid I'rinres and tlieir siibicets. \VI'' iiKi-i -.irr( il Miisiilmaniike I'niperonr, by tiie infinite and execedin;; ijrcat power, by llie eiierla-linu and woiidrrfiili i lemeni ie, iV bv lliC vnspeakabie iielpe of the most mij;hlv \ mist holy Ci.nl, ( icator of all iiiini;s, to be wiTshipped and feared with all piirenesse of iiiinde, and r('iieren( e of speei li, I he prime oi ihise pre-enf times ti.e oiieiv Monareh of iliis afj;e, able to ^iiie -eepter-. (o the potentates of the whole world, the shadow of the (liiiine merey and ;;ra('e, tlie di-.tril)iiler of nianv lvinj;doii's, proninccs, lownes and (ities, Prinec, and most sailed llmjieroiir of Mecca, that is to say, of Clods house, of Medina, of the nio«t ulorii lis and l.le-sed lerii-aleni. of (he nio-t fertile KjiA |)l, letiieii and Ion in, Eden and C.inaaii, (f Sann s the jieai cable, and of Ibbcs, of lab/a, and I'a/ra, of Zeriizub and Hale|)ia, of Car iiiiaria and Diahekiriian, of Diiik.idiria, of liab\ ion, and of all the three Arabias, ol the Iii/.ian- and (ieorniaiis, of C\| ru* the riili, and of the kingdoines of A-ia, of O/akior, ol the tracts of the white and blai ke Sen, of (iretia and Mesopotamia, of Africa and (ioleta, ol Aluei-, and of f ripolis in (he We-t, of the most eI.oi>ie and pnneipall I'.indpe, of IJuda and 'l'eim'>\\ar, and of the kiiii;domes beyond the Alpes, and inanv others siicli like, most mi<;htie Miirad Can, the soiiiie of ihe l''.inperoiir Zclim C.iii, which was the sonne of Zoleiman Can, v\hi< h wa- the sonne of Zi lini Can, wliii b was the sonne of I'aii^id Can, which was the sonnr ol Mehenied Can, \c. We nio.-t mi<^hiie prince Miirad Can, in tlen of our Iniperiall friendship, doe signifie and declare, that now of late I'li/abeth (ineeiic ol' r.ni^land, Tram il and Ireland, the most lio- iiomablc (iiieene of Christendom (to whose niarchants we wish happy siicee.sse) sent her letter- by her waathy -eriiant William Uareboriie \nlo cnir stalely and most magniliccnt Porch !■ I « repleniiihed I ■ 1m' I i ■"■' hi n ,.« ■/, ' ' % III! 860 VOYAGKS. NAUlOATlONlS. Turkle priuilegtu. rcpIenishcH with iiistice, which is a refuse and Sanctuary I" all the prinrcs .)(' the world, l)y which letters her Nfaiottie sij;ni(ied, that whereas heretdiore cortaiiie of her subiects had re- paired to our naidc stately Porche, and had shewed their dljcdience to the •nfederats, shewinj; their deuotion. and oljcdiencc or seruices towards our stately Porch (as namely the French kin^, the Vencijans, the kiuK of I'oloiiia and others) to also we haue contracted an inuiolable amitie, peace and leajjucwith the alore-aid Queene. Therefore wee >{iue licence to nil her jjcoplc, and mar. iiants, peacc.iblv and safely to come vnto our Imperiall dominions, with all their marchandise and jjoods wiiliout any impeach- ment, ti) exercise their trafTique, to vse their ownc (uslomes and to luiy and m'II .Kcordinj; to the fashions of iheir owne countrev And l\irther her Maieslie sijinilied vnto vs, that ccrtaine of her pe<']>fe had herelornrc bene taken prisoners, and were detained in captiuiiie. and recpiired-that they mi;;lit bee set at libertie, and that as we h.id j'rauiited vnto other I'rinies our ( onredcrats, priuiledue^, and Im- periall decrees, concerninj; our most inuiolable leaj;Me with tiiem, so it would please our Imperial Maiesty to graunt and conlirme the like priiiilcdges, and princely decrees to the aforesaid Quecnc- Wherefore according to our humanilie and gracious ingralled dis|)osition, the rc(iiiests of her Maiestic were acce|)ted of \s, and we haue granted \ntn her Maiestie this |)riuilege of ours agreeable to reason & erpiitie And we siraightly command all our lieulerhegs, and Zanziacbegs our scruants, aii mnn bie arretted or up- nrcliciulfd f(ir anv other ni:iiis debt, cxcipi hr tie the surety. 9 Item, if any I-njilishman sliall make hin will and le?,'iuen, hee shall haue the same. 10 Item, if the KuKlislmien or tlie innrrhanK and interpreter* of anv places mkIit the iiirisdiciion of I'!in;hind sliall hiippen in the buNini" and -iellini; of wares, by promises or otherwise to come in enntrouersic, let lliciii lm to the Iiul .■,!■, and rausc fhe matter to be en- tri'd into a Ixoke, aiiiifyiii!; the same, that men mav see the booke and li-tters, whatsoeiier thinj; shall happen, and that ateordinj? to the leiioiir thereof the mailer in roiilroiiersie and in doubt ina\ bei-iided: but if such ihiiius be neither entrcd in booke, nor \et llie persons ham- taken letters of the ludKe, yet he shall admit no false wilnesse, but shall execute the Law accorilinj; to ui.sticc, and shall not slider them to be abu-ed. I! Item,. if any man shall «ay, that these beiii'; Christians hntie vpokcn any ihinj; to the deroyaiinii of our holv faith and religion, and bane --l.iiidered the same, in this matter as in all olher>, let no false witiie«ses in any i ase be adniiiied 12 Item, if anv one <>f them shall comirit any j^reat crime, and (lyiiit; lliereupon cannot bee found, li t no man be arrested, or detained for another mans fact, except In- bi* his surclie. \'.i Item, if anv slaue shall be found to be an Fji};li-hman, ami their ('oii»ull or fioiiernnur shall sue for hi^ libertie, let the same slaue be dili polle or head monev. j.t Item, if eiiher in .\le\,iiidria, Damase,', .S.un"-, Tmiis, Tripoli^ in ' we>.i. the port ltayefl and dillired till his ((imminn, and in the iiieane time no man shall trouble ttiem 17 Item, if any v.iriance or corfreu," sie itiiali arise amoni; the Englishmen, and there- upon tliev shall appeale to their ('on-«nls or p;tiuernours, let no man molest them, but let ihem freely die so, thai the controiu-rsie be-^unne m,iy be liiii>bed aciordiiif; to their owne eust(mies, 18 Item, if after the lime and dale of ilii- [iriiiileu'e, anv pinils or other free j;oueriiours of shijis tnidiii;; the Se,i sliall lake any r.iiuli-hman, and »liall niake ^ale ol him, either be- yoiiile the Sea, or on this side of flie .Sea. die matter shalbe examined aecorifiiin to i/Ntice, iiiid if the panic -.lialbe found to be Iviijiiisli. and sh.dl reeeiiie the holy relij;ion, then let him freelv be di--i hiriied, but if he wi! -.till remaiue a Christian, let him then be restored to the Knj^lishmeu, and the buyers shall (lemauiiil their money agauie of them who soldc the III, 111. I'J Item, if the ships of warre of our Iinperiall hijjhnesse sh-al at anv lime i (-me bee .-.tayid or arrested, let no man continue the same arrest, but rather In Ijie and assist them. yi Item. AM % ^' 'M IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I IM 1.8 11.25 ■ 1.4 III 1.6 V] <^^ v: V /A PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 SI e <^ ^ I' ,1" \> I' i- ^' ' I ,i! ( ' VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. The Q. Letter. 'IhiS w.ii of Ratairtc.wlm with ihc harke caltfd the R(«, rnbhfd cfitjir, • (iteciiM 10 the L^uant. fi '21 Item, if any thccucs and robbers shall by force take away any of their ships, and marchaii- disc, let the same thceiies and robbers be sought, and searched for with all diligence, and let them be punished most scucrely. 22 Last of all the Beglerbegs, and Zan/.iacbegs, our Capiaines, our slaucs and scrunnis of Captaincs vsing the sea, and our ludgcs, customers ami n»uern'ours of ships called Rciz, and free Rciz, all these, according to the tenor of tliis priiiilege and articles, shalhe bound to doc accordinuly: and, as long as the Quecne of Ki!<;1;iik1 on her part shall duely kecpe and obserue this league and holy peace, expressed in ihis priuilcgc, we also for our Imperial part, do charge and commauml the same so long to be siraightly kept and obscrned. Giucn at Constantinople, in the 988. yeerc of our most holy prophet, in the beginning of the moneth of lunc. And in the yccre oflK.svs 1580. Ilcr Maiesties letter to the Turke or (Jrand Signior ir)8l. promising rcdresse of the disorders of I'cter Haker of HatditVe, committed in the Leuant, Ut-i/.abelh by the diuine grace of the eternall God, of England, France and Ireland most sacred Queenc, and of the most Christian faith, against all the prophaners of his most holy Name the zealous and mightie defendour, &: c. To the most renew uci! and emperious Cjesar, Sultan Murail Can, Empcrour of all the dominions of Turkic, and of ail the East Monarchic chicle aboue all others whosoeucr, most fortunate yeercs wiili the sncccs*c of al true happinesse. As with vc.-y great desire we wisii and embrace the louc and amitie ol forrcinc Princes, and in the same by al good dueties and meanes we sceke to be conlirnicd: so to vs there may bee nothing more grieuous and disliking, tlicn 'hat any thing should happen through the de- fault of our Subiects, which any way might bring our faith and lidciitic into suspilion: Al- though wee are not ignorant how many gocii princes by the like misaduenturu be abused, where the doings of the Subiects are imputed to llie want of good goucrnnicnt. But such matters of iin])oriancc and so well :ipproucd wc niav mt omit: mk ii is to vs the sacred esti- mation of our hon(nir, and of oui- Christian piorc^sion, as we would the same should ap- peare as well in the concluding of our premise-, and ;i.;iccmcnfs, as in the faithlull j)erl'orni- ing of the s:nne. Ti)e matter which by the-e our Idlers wee ~i)ccia!ly bchoMc, i-< a nK^t iniurious and grieu- ous wrong which of late came vnio our vnJerstanding, tlial sliould be done vnto ccrtaine ol Balfr your subiecls bv cerlainc of cur Subiects, as yet n )t apprc'icndid : hut with all seucrilic vpon their apjjrcliension tliev arc to be aw.iriled I'ov llie same. And as ilic decdc in it >elli' is most wickcil, so is it much more intolicrabie, by how nnuh it ilocth infringe the credit of our f.iilii, \iolaie the fircc of our aiithoiitie, and impeach the estimation of our word faithfully giuen vnto your Imperiall dignitie. h\ which so great a disorder if wee should not manifest our hatred tnwardcs >o wi( kcd ai.d cuil dis[»nscd persons, wo nii:;ht not oneK mo»t iustly be rciiroued in the iuclgement ol" -M such as truely iammr lustico, Inii al-io of all I'rinc i> the palrones of right and equitie, might no lesse lie condcmnci!. That therefore consi- dered, which of our ])arts is ordained in liiis cause which niav be to the L-ood liking o( your highnessc, we are most csjieciailv to rccpicst of vour Imperiall Maie»lie, that through the default and disorder of a sort of cuill aiid wicked disposed persons, you wil no it shalbe ati example of our indi<;nati(m, that others mav dread at all times to commit the like odi'nce. Wherefore that our amitie might l)c continued, as it tliis vuforfiinate hap liad ncuer chanced, and tliat the singuler alVcction (if our Siiliiccts towardes your Imperiall Maiestie \owcd, and dayly more and more desired, might be i onserued and defended, we thereunto do make our humble suite vnto your great- ni'sse: And for so j^reat goodnesse towardes vs and our people granted, doc most hinnbly prav vnto the Almighlie crcatoiir of heauen an; •Sfi* i')i.ty''i'i i '«^ VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Turkic patenh. be beiweene them limitted, and agreed, and not otherwise, without any molestation, im- peachment, or disturbance, any Lawc, statute, vsage, diuersitie of religion or faith, or other cause or matter whatsoeuer to the contrary notwithstanding. And that it ahaibe lawful to the said Edward and Richard their executors and administra- tors, (during the said terme) to appoint or admit Jo be partencrs and aducniurers with tiicm the sayde Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, such jicrsons not exceeding the number of twelue (as afore is said) to trafique and vsc the said Ir.ide & feat of marchandisc according to oursaidc graunt. And that all and euery such person and persons, as shall hereafter fortinic tn bee appointed or admitted as parlcners in the >aid trade or tralicpie according to these our let- ters patents, shall and may from the time of such appointment or admittance, hnuc and eniiv the freedome and libertie of tlic said trade and trafique, during tiie residue of the said terme of seuen vccrcs, according to such limitation and agreement as is aforcsaidc, and that it shall and mav be Inwfull to and for the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their exccutour'i and administratours, scruants factours and deputies, and all such as shall be so appointed, no- minated or admitted, to bee partcners or aduenturcrs in the saide trade, or so many of them ;n can and will, ti) assemble thcmselucs for or about any the matters, cause-i, afTiiircs or businesse of the saide trade in any place or places for the same conuenient, from time to time durin;< the said terme of 7. yecrcs, within our dominions or elsewhere, and to make, ordcine, andcoii- stitiite reasonable lawcs and ordinances, for the good goucrnment of the said Company, ami for the better aduancement and continuance of the said trade and traliciuo, not being contrary or repugnant to the lawes, e^tafiitcs or custoiiie-; of our Rcalme, anil the same laues or ordi- nances so made to put in xsc, and execute accordinolv, and at their plca-^urcs to rcuoke tl-.c same lawes and ordinances, or an\ of them, a< occasion shall require. And in consideration that the >>aid Edward Osborne hath bene the principall setter foortli and doer in the opening, & putting in vrc of the said trade, we do therefore especially or- deinc, constitute, and j)rouide by these patents, tliat the s.iide Edward Osborne shall be go- uernour of all .such asl)y vertne of tliese our letters patents, shall be partencrs, aduentnrers, or traliqiiers in the said tr.ide, during the said terme of seuen yeeres, if hee so long line : And that if the saide Edward shall happen to decease during the saide terme, the saide Richard Sta- pcr tl'.cn lining, then the said Richard Siaper shall likewise be gouernoiir during the residue of the said terme (if he so lotig li: c) and that if the "aid Ivilward and Richard shall both haj)- pen to decease during the said terme, then the partners or aduenturcrs for the time being, rr the greatest part of them, siiall from time to time ;:s iiceessitie shall require, choose and elcrt a gonernour of the said ("onipany. Frouided alwayes, that if there shall haj)])en any iireat or vrgent occasion to remoiie ordis- place any jierson that shall be gouennnir oltlic saide fellowship, that then it shall, and may be law full for vs, our heires and successonrs, to remoouo, and disidnce cuerv such gonernour, and to place another of the said fellowship in the same ollice, during such time as such person should hauc enii cd the same, accordiii;" to this our graimt, if there had bene no cause to the contrary. And we further for ys. our hrircs, and successors, of our espcciall grace, cerlaine know- ledge, and meere motion, do gr.junt to the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Richard Sta- per, and William Garret, their execufors and administrators, that nothing shall bee done to he of force or yaliditie touching the sa\.ie trade or trali(]ue, or the exercise thereof, without or against the consent of the said Edwarl, during such time as hee shall bee (Jouernonr as afore is saide. And after that time withttut the consent of the (Jonernour for the time being, and the more part of the said Company. .\nd further, wee of our more ample and abundant grace, meere motion and certaine know- ledge, haue graunted, and by these patents for\s, our heires and siu'cessors, doe graunt to the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their executors and administrators, that they, the saide Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their executors and administrators, and the naid person and persons, by them the said Etlward and Richard to be nominated, or apjiointcd a« afore is said, together, with such two other persons, as wee our heires or succewors from time shall phut lie ti Thoii rin^: jiul A I seen; am! Ih.il cr t. saili' .ftl V( Turkic fiaUnln. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. time to ii:nr tliiriii>j tlic savd terme shall nominate, shall haiie the whole trade and frafique, and the whcilc cniiro oni'iv lihertie, vso and priuilej^e of tradinj^, and trafiquin<;, and vsinj>; fcalc ormarchaiulisc, into, and I'roni the said dominions of the said Grand Sij^nior, and cuery ol'tluMn. And wlit-n tiu-ri" shall be no such per-ions so nominated or api)ointrd bv vs, our liclrcs or surccssors, that then the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, liiclmrd Stapcr, and WilliMin (iarret, their executors and administrators, and sui'h |)ersoiis by them so to bea])ptiint- eil, «hall h.iue the saide whole trade and trafi(|iie, and the whole entire, arid onely libertie, vse, :niil iiriiiilene of tradinu; and Iraliiiuini; aforesaiil. And that they the said Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, their executors & administrators, and also al such as shal so be ncmiinated or a|)poiiit('d to be partners or aduenturers in the said trade, according to such ajjreement as is abouesaiil, and eucry of them, tlieir seriianis, factors and deputies, shal hauc t'ld and free au- ihoritie, libertie, facultie, licence and power to trade and traliipie into and from all and euery the saide dhaibe lawful for the said Edward, Thomas, Richard and William, and to tiie persons aforesaid, and to and for the mariners and s(amen to bee vsed and em])lovcd in the said trade and \ ovaiie to set and place in the lops of their shi|)s and other vessels the arines of I'^ij^land with the re I crosse oner the same, as heretofore they haue vsed the red rrossc, anv matter or tain"; to the contrary notwithslandiiiK. And we of our further rovall fauor, and of our especiall jjrace, certaine knowledge and meere motion haue jjrauntcd. and !.y these presents doe graimt to the said Edward Osbiirne, Thoma> Smith. Hidiard St:iper, and William (iarret, their executors and administrators bv these |)rc>enl-<, that fiie s.iid l,:n'l tiicm, whereol the s.ncl (ioni'rnoiir alwjvcs tobeonc, \pon paineof our high indigna- tion, and of lorfeilnre and losse, as well of tin- slip and shippcs, with the finniture thereof, as also of thi' goods, niar( li,utdi/cs, and things whalsoeuir thev he of those our Snbiects which shall ;itt''mpl, or presume to saile, tralique, or adiicnliirc, to or from anv the dominions, or places aboiiesaid, contr.iry to tlie pn>hibition aforesaid; the one halfe ofthe same forfeiture to lu" to the \sc of \s, our heires \- siicce.ssrs, doe condescend and graiint to the s.iid I'alward, 'f homas, Ri( hard N; William, their executors and administrators, ih.it we our heires \- successors during the said terme, will not graunt lihertv, licence or pow- er to any person or persons wliatsoeuer, contrarN to the tenor (d' thee our letters patents, to saile, passe, trade or tralicpie into or from the said ihrn remaining vnexpired. And'that the sight of these presents shalbe sufficient warrant to the Lord Chancellour, or Lord keeper of the gnat seale for the time being, for the making, sealing and passinj; of such new letters patents, without further writ or warrant for the same to be re- quired, had, or obtained. . And the said Edward Osburne, Thomas Smith, and Kichard .Sia|)er, and William Garret and such others as shalbe so nominated and a]>p(iinted, as is aforesaid, lo be of their trade or eoni- panie, shall veerely during t). of ihe last yeres ol the said 7. yeres, lade out of tiiis our Kealine, and bring home yeerely, for, and in the feate and trade of inarchandi/ing aforesaid, so mudi goods and marchandi7.es, as the custome, and subsjdie inwards and outwards, shall amount in the whole to the summe of adO. li. yeerely. So that the said Edward Osburne, Thomas Smith, Richard Staper, and William Garret and the said persons so to be nominated as is afoioaid, or any of them, or their ship or shippes be not barred, stayed, restrained or let bv any reason- able occision from thcsaide trade or iratique, and so that the said ship or shij>s do not pcri-li by any misfortune, or bee spoyled by the way in their \oyage. And further, the said Edward O-borne, Thomas Smith, Kichard Staper, and William Gar- ret, and such others as shall be appointed as afcrrsaide lo be of their said trade or ("onipany, shall giue notice vnto the Lord Admirall of En.;latul, or to some of the priiu ipall ollicers of the Admiraliie for the time being, of such ship or shi|)pes as they shall set loorlh in Ihe same voyage, and of the number of .Mariners appointed to j;oe in the same ship or shippes, by the space of lifteene davi's belore the seitiri;: or goinj; foorih of the s;iine ship or shippes. And also the said Edward Osborne, Thomas Smith, Hit hard 5?taper and William Garret, and such other as shall be bv liiein the saiile Edward and Hicharil, nominated to be of the said trade, shall and will at the setting foorih of their >hip, or shippes, for the same vovage, per- mit and sufl'er the Master of the Ordinance of \s, cuir heires and successor-, or some others, our or their priniipall oflicers of the Ordinance, lo take a \ iew of the number and (|iianliiic of such Ordinance, powder, and munition as shall be caried in lie said ship, or shippes, and shall also at the returiu of the same sliip, or shi|)pes, sulfer a view lo be taken, and vpon request made, make an accomj)! to the saidc ollic ers of onr Ordinance, of the expenses, and wastes of the said Ordinance, jiowder, and munition, so to bee caried in the same ship, or shippes. I'rouided a'wayes, that if any of the said trade or Company, or their seruanl.^, factors or sailers, in any ship by them laden, shall commit any piracie or outrage vpnn the .seas, and that, if ihc said Companv orsocietie «hall not, or do not, witiiin rta-oiiable time, after com- plaint made, or notice t;iuen lo the said Company, or to any of them, either satislie or re- compense the parlies that so shall fcrlune to be robl)ed, or sjx.iled by any of the said Com- pany, ( r sailers, in the said ships, or els shall not do their endem iir to the vtiermosi ol their reasonable power, to haue the parties so offending punished for the same their oU'ent es, that then, ;ind from theiicefoorlh, these present letters patents shall be viierly voyd, cease, and deteniiine. Prouided likewise, that if it shall hereafter appearc vnto us, our heires, or successors, thai this grant, or the continuance thereof in the whole, or in any part liiereof, shall not be profitable lo vs, our heires, our successors, or to this our Kcalme, that then, and from thencefoorlh, vpon. c patcnii, any time '^iiriiiuoM n the Naid rresKdrs ;it iriiiiKirs of anil make siK h |)cr- addiiiiiiH il" l;i\v Willi 11 these (ni|- ycrc> then rant tur IJcahne, id, so iinu'li I amiiunt in )inas Smith, IS aforouid, any reasoii- ) not pcri-h Villiam Car- r Conipaiiv, ill (ill'ie<"rs (if in the same shippcs, liy ) or >liip|)c>i. Ciarrei, and of the said oyage, pcr- ioMie others, nd qiinntitie or shippcs, M), and vpoii ,pcnM-s, and ine >hip, or , factors or ic se:i>i, and ', after eoin- ■atislic or rc- i" said Coin- no.-l of their Hemes, that tease, and sors, that this be profitable hencefoorlh, vpoii, Laur. AUhrset). TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. W7 vpon, and after one full ycercs warning, to be giuen vnto the said Coitipany, or to (heCiotiri^ noiir thereof, by vs. our luircs, or successors, this present grant shall tease, be voyd, and tiefcrniine, to ail intents, ronstructions, and purposes. Prouidcd also, that we, our heires and successors, from time to time, during the said 7. yecres, may lawfully nominate, appoint, and authorise two persons, being fit men, to he of the saidc company, and for want or lacke of them, two others to be aduenturers in the said tra >u . 268 VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Lniir. AMenei/. house, which is very faire, and beautiful: then he broujjht mee to the fiiu"*! uarclon, and orchard, that euer 1 sawe in my life: for there was in it a place for Cannrie liirdcn, :n lar:e am a faire Chamber, trimmed with wicr both abouc and beneath, willi fine little liranchrs of trees for them to sit in, which wa* full of those ("anarie birdes. There wa* such an otlu-r for Turtle dooues: also there were two jjijjeon house- idsnin^ to them, lianinj; in llicm store of Turtle dooiies and |»i<;ci>ns. In the sinne ;;ardcn also \>cre sixe or soiien li-liponds, ;ill railed about, and full of very ^ood lish. Also, seuen or einlil (ine fountaines or water springs, of diners fashions: .ts for fruite, there wanted none of A\ sorts, as Orenucs, lijjues, raisons, wallnuts, j;rape,s, besides apples, peaces, lillbirds, small nuts, .ind such other fruite, as wee haiie in England. Then did hee brinfj mee to the water tower of the same Citie. that by a slei)i;ht and deiiise hath the water brounht \p as lii){h as any Church in the low no, and to IcI vou the str.m^c deuises of all, it |)3sseth my capacilie. Then he brought ine in anolluT fiire jjarden, called the Shooters hoose, where are buts for the lonu bowe, the cro>se bowe, the stone bowe, ilio ionn pcece, and for diners other exercises more. After this, we walked about the w.illes of the Citie, where I- a urcat, liroadc, and olde. And for the lesuits, 1 thinke there be as many .it ^'enice, as there be in Colen. nitnumhrrof The iiunibcr of lewcs is tlicrc thought to be UKJ(), who dwell in a (crtaine place of the Uwt! m Vtimt. ciijc^ ;,i,d haiie also a phice, to whi(h they resort to prav, which is ( .liled the lewes Siii;i- jjo;{{U'. They all, and lii'ir ('tls|)riMn yse to we.ire red c;ips, (for so thev an' comm.uinilcd ) because they may thereby In- knowen from other men. For my further kii' wledi^e of ihc>-e |)eople, I went into their Siiia',"'i;ne vpon a Saturday, which is their Sal>l)ath d;iv : and i found them in their seruice or |)r:i\ers, verv deuoule: they rccfioe the line bookes of .Moes, and honour them bv carving them :iboiit their Churdi, as the Papists doe their crosse. Their Synaf;oy;ne i- in J'orme round, and the people sit round about it, and in the niicUt. there is a place for him that rea■, nii-idiK, H ' ', ai wee mil (Iciii-ic 1) 111' s!r.in'4c »ii. lalli'd m^ l) incv, I'Mcjit H/1 'csinu'iiis i,r set all ( iicr • as many .it ^^B'' pl.H c III the ■ k'ucs Siii;i- wnin.imiclrd) ^■'S 1^1' i>t' ihi-c and i Inund r .Mi'>cs, and n flit" niicl-t, wcaio .1 lar^c ,r<)nii(l. of ididatrie: imciit. This crdcr Icr :iil ra, and hath en that i-iur bearc-tlt WB^ Law. Aldersty. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 8(i9 bcareJh ihc name of a dnkr, but in tnicth hcc is but scruant to the Scignioric, for of him- •clfc hcc can d .c title: it is no otherwise with him, then with a Priest that is at Masse vpo a fesiiualda), which piiltinK on his jjoldcn garment, secmcth to be a ureatman, but if any man come vntii him, and craue some friendship at his handcs, hcc will say, you must goc to the Masters of the Parish, for I cannot pleasure you, otherwise then by preferring of your suite: and SI) it is with the \,\ 1 > »',( I ^ II « I :/ i \ ,1 ^;o VOYACES, NAUIOATIONS, /.aur. ,tlil(vwii Ctpni'. Uyf- I. I \''' n^'ii). All lliit \iM told llio Tricru, but I lir.inl nuthinj; of it in three daicn after: ami thru st piicninj; prayer, they sent the purser aliciul viih the im:i','c of our I.aily to rncry rinr to ki>M'. iV I perrciiiinp it went another wav I'roni him, and would not so'' it: vet at hwt lie fetched his eourie about, ho that he eanie to nu-, & oll'ercil it to me as he did to others, hut I refused ii: ■whereupon tiiere was a j^reat stirre: the patron and all the iritrs were told of it, and eucrv one saide I wa« a Lutheran, and so ealletl mt\ btil two of the friers il.at were of greatest an- thoritie, sci-med to beare me lielter good will then the rest, and traiiellcd to the patron in my liehalfe, and made all well acaine. The seeond day I'f August we arriued in Cvpni.t, at a tnwne ealled Missnjih: the people there be very rude, and like bea«ls, and no better, thev eat their meat Milling vpon the ground, with tiieir legges a crossc like tailors, their bed» for the most part be hanl stones, but yet some of them haiie fairc matlraecN to lie vpon. Vpon Thursday the eight of Augu»t we came to Inppa in a small barke, which we hired be- twixt Missagh and Salina, and eould not be suH'ered to come on land till iioone the next dav , Tiif Bathi ui and then we were permitted by the great Basha, who sate vpon the top of a hill to see vs sent awav. Ueiiig eoine on land, we might not enter into any house for victuals, but were to content our seines wilh our owne prouision, and that which we bought to carie with \s was taken from vs. I had a |).iire of stirrojw, which I bought at Venice to serue me in my journey, and trying lo make them tit for me, when the Dasha saw me vp before the rest of the companie, he sent one to dismount me, and t i strike me, whereupon I turned me to the Ha*ha, and made a long legge, saying, (iraiid men le .Signior: and after a while we were horsed vpon litle asses, and "(■lit away, with about liftic light horsemen to be our conduct througli the wildernesic, ( .illed Dcserta foclix, who made vs good sport by the way with their pikes, gunnes, and faiu bins. That ilay being S. Laurence d.iv, we eaine to Kama, which is tenne Italian miles from loppa, and there we .staved that niL'ht, and paved to the captaine of tlie e.nstell euery m:in a chekiii, wliich is seuen shillings and two pence sterlinj;. So then we had a new gard t vs for all our gard aboiie twentie shillings a man be- twixt loppa and lerusalem. These Arabians troubled vs oftentimes. Our Truehman that p.iycd the money for \s was siriken downe, and had his head bioken bec:iiise he would not ;;:iie them as much as lliey asked: and thev that should haue re-cued both hiin and vs, stood still, and dur-t doe nothing, which was lo our cost liciiig come within sight o|' Icritsalein, the maner is to kneele downe, and giue (iod tliankes, that it hath pleased him to bring vs to that holv plate where he hiinselfe had beene: and there we leauc our horses, and go on foote to the towiie, and being come to the gates, th; re they looke our naii'e-, and our fathers names, and so we were permitted to go to our I'idgings. The gouernor of the hou.se met vs a mile out of the towne, and very ciirteously bade vs all welcome, and brought \s to the monasferie. The gates of the eitie are all eouered with yron, the entrance into the house of the Christians is a very hiw' & narrow doore, barred or plated with yron, and then come wc into a very darke entry : the place is a monastery: there we lay, tlitrutih Aia- \\.% jrnuji I •iie ii^lit oi Laur. jildtruy. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 871 lay. & dieted nf free rnpointcd to receiue our money with a carpet vnder them vpon a banke of stone, & their Icgges a crosse like tailors: hauing paid our money, we are per- mitted to go into the church: right against the church doore is the graue where Christ was buried, with a great long stone of white marble ouer it, and raylcd about, the outside of the sepulchre ia very foule, by meanes that euery man scrapes his name and marke vpon it, and ia ill kept. Within the sepulchre is a partition, & in the further part thereof is a place like an altar, where they say masse, and at the doore thereof is the stone whereupon the Angcll sate when he sayde to Marie, He is risen, which stone was also rowled to the doore of the sepulchre. The altar stone within the sepulchre is of white marble, the place able toconteincbut foure persons, right ouer the sepulchre is a deuise or lantcrnc for light, and ruer that a great louer, auch as are in England in ancient houses. There ia also the chappcll of the sepulchre, and in the mids thereof is a canopie as it were of a bed, with a great sort of Hsiridge eggcs hanging at it, with tasicis of silke and lampes. Behindc the sepulchre is a litle chappell for the Chaldeans and Svri:ins. Vpon the right hand comming into the church is the tombe of HaKlwine king of France, and of his uonnc: and in the same place t''e tombe of .Melchisedech. There is a chappell also in the same church erected to S. Helen, through which we go \ p s. HcUm jii- to the place where Christ was crucified : the stayres are fiftie steps high, there are two altarsf*"' in it: before the high altar ia the place where the crosse stood, the hole whereof is trimmed about with siluer, and the depth of it is h.ilfe a mans arine deepe: the rent also of the moun- taine is there to be scene in the crcuis, wherein a man mav put hisarme. Vpon the other side of the mount of Caluarie is the place where Abraham would haue sacrificed n\ ' 'I ¥ 1 ra VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Laur. AUhruy. \i> %\ i ' 'I ' )• 't , \J ■■■) (turn Icltiijltin ' I .«jh , / -.rtt. jtarrilircd hii« nonno. Wlirrc alitn i^ n iliaprll, (inil (he pluir paucd with wloncit ol ilinen (Dloiirt. There i^ aim) the hnihc of AiinaM the hi^'h Pric'*!, ami tlic Oliiir tree whrrrunto ('hriNt wan hiMiiul when he was wliipt. AUo the hmiNe of CaiphaH, anil hy it the prinoii where ('hritt K.i'< kept, which is but llir nxmie nl one man, and hath no li^ht but the openiii); of the ill. lire. Without Ieni>ialem in the vallv of loxaphot it a chtircl) vnder the Kronnd, like to the Nhroudu in Pauls, where the sepulihre ol' the virgin Mary is : the stnins be very broad, and vpon the Niaires );oin); dowiie are two sepuUhres: vpon the left hand Heth losaphal, and vpoti the ri^ht hand lielh loachnn and Anna, the lather and mother of the virgin Mary. (ioinj; out of the valley ol' lusaphat we rame to mount Oliuet, where Christ praird vnio his I'ather bel'iirc his death: and there is to be seenc (as they lolde me) the water & blood that I'ell I'roni the eyes ofChrisi. A litle hijjher vpon the same mount is the place where the Apostles slept, and watched not. At the lout of the mount is the place where Christ was imprisoned. Vpon the mounlainc also is the place where Chri»t stood when he wept ouer lerusalem, and where he amended into heauen. Now liauinjj seeiic all these monuments, I with my companv set from lerusalem, theiiOday of Anjjiist, and came againe to loppa the 'i2 of the same moiu-ih, where wee tooke shippini; presently f r Tripnlis, and in fourc dayes \vc came to .\fecina the place where the ithipii lie that coive for Tripoli*. The I iiie of Tripolis is a mile and a halfc within the land, sn that no ship can come further then Mccina: so that ni^ht I came thither, where I lay nine dales for passa;;e, and at last we in)l)arked our .selues in a ijood ship of Venice called the new Naue lia^asona. We entred the ship the second of September, the fourth we set saile, ihescucnth we came to Salina, which is |4() miles from Tri|)olis: there we stayed I'oure dayes to take in mure lading, in which nieane lime I fell siike of an a;;iie, but reiimtred againe, I praise (iod. Salina is a niiii:ilcd citie, and was drstroved bv the Turke ten \eeres past: there are in ii now but sfuenlic'iie persons, wnnien and i hililren. A liile from llii-. i iiic of Salina is a salt piece of groiiiul, where the water growelh ^alt thai lainelh V|)im it. Thiiisdav the 'il of Sepicinber, we rainc to .Mj>.Hagli, it there we slaved eight dayes for our lailiii;;; the 18 of Scptcinlier bclorc we came to .Mis-.iuli, and within ten niih-s of the iinviic, as we lay at an anker, bri aiise the wiiidc w.is conlrarv, tlieie ciiiie a great boat full of men lo boord vs, they inailc an excuse to seeke for liiire nu'ii which (ihev said) our ship hail taken from theirs about Tripolis, but our captaine would not suffer any of them to come in to vs. The next morning they came to vs againe with a preal gallv, manned with .'i(K> men at \ least, whereupon inir captaine sci^t the boat lo llic;i\ with Iwrjiie men to know their |)lc.xsiiri'. lliev said ihiy siiii;ht lor 4 men, and therefore woulil taike with our niaisler: so then llie tiKii-iers ni.ilp was sent tliem, and him ihev kept, and went lluir w.w: the ni'\l nKirnmi; liiev (aim- againe with him, & with ihrec olher gallirs, aiicl llicii vmiiiIiI nr< ili's speake willi oiir r.iptai'ir, who went to lliem in a gowne of i riiiiviin d.ini l«^e, and (llier \ers braue ap- p:irill, aiiil line or si\e oilier urntlemen rii hlv .i|i[)arr Niiiicinher I nrriurd agn\n at Venice in f(ood health, where I niaied nine daiea, ,111(1 the 2j III' the •tnme monrlh I ( ame to Aiigii'^ln, nnd Htaied there hut unc d.iy, The 27 of Nouember 1 net towardt Nuremberg where I lame the '49. and there itluied till the Wol' December, nnd wa* \«Ty well intertciiied oC the DngliNn inarchnntN there: and the f;()uern()r4 oFthe lowne sent me and my company ^ixtecne ^(allnnN of excellent ^otHl wine. Front then( e I went to Frmklord, from Franklord tu C'ollen. from Colleii to Arnam, from Arnam to Vtrei^hl, from Vireif;ht to Dort, from Dort to Antwerpe, fron» Antwcrpe to Fliixh- tn^, front Fh^hiiiK lo Lninlon, where I arriucd vpon TwelFe euc in Naletic, and ^aue thank* to (mkI, hnuin>; finished my ionrney to Irrusalem and home ajraine, in the Npacc of nine moncllw nnd line dayex. The passeport made by the great Maister of Nfalta vnto the Fnglishmen in the barke HnjnohU. ljH;>. Fllerc lluRo de I,(iid)cux Verdala, Dei jjralia Marra; domuo hcwpitaliM Nancti loannltt Hicro- Mulyniitani ntngi'tler humilis, |)auperumi|; lesn Chrixti ciNto«, vniuer!tiH& Ningulixprincipibu* ecclesiasticis U Nerularibux, arrhiepiNCopi^, rpiNcopiN, ducibus, marchionibuH, baronibus nobilibu'*, capiiaiieis, vicedominit, prxfecli^, castellanin, admiralijs 8i quibusciinque trire- mium \cl alionim nuni};iorum palronin, ac cinilatum recloribun, poteatatibu8 ac mag int rati bux. cocterlsciuc oiricialibiK, & qnilxHcunque perMonin eiiiu^uiii dignitaliii, graduii, ittalUH & con- ditioiiii t'lierini, xbilibet locoriim & terrarum conHlilutiN, Halutem. Notum rM'iinu!4 ^ in vrrbo verilatiit niie.tiamnr, come nel mestedi Maggio proNsime pasuiato Ic nostre galore venncro dal viagKio di Harberia, done haiiendo niandalo per socorrere a vn gnlionelto de ('hrisiiani che liauea dato Irauerso in <|iiclle parti, essendo arriuali Nopra qiiesta isdia alia p;irte de ponente Irouarono vna naue Ingle-a, sopra cargo de essa il magnifico Gio- thuini Keale, iV Dauid Filly pairono, volendo la reconwcerc chc naue foase, han vi.^to, che se iiiclteua in online per del'endersi, diibiiando che detle norttre galere foiMerodc inimici: &. per (he \ n ninriiiaro rinolio'.e contra la voloitia de dclli magnincnCiiouanni Keale & Dauid Filly, hnbbi lir.ito \m tiro di ariiglieria verso vna de delte galere, & chc non He amangnaiia la vela de la Miiie>tra secciulo la volonta de delli magnilico (iinuanni Keale & Dauid Filly patnino, I'lirimeiisit.i deti.i iiane nel presente general porto di Malta, Nccondo I'ordine del \en(rniido (ienirale de detle galere, Sc essendo (pia, ntonxignor Inqiiiiiitorc ha impedita qiiella per conto del <>anci() olHciu, i\: t>i diede parte alia Mantita di niwtro .signer Gregorio papa xiij. A la tin fii licenriata per andarsene al suo viaggio. Ilan d6nq; humilmente supplicain deiti niagnilii'o (iiouanni Keale iV Dauid Filly per nome & parte delli magnifici F,dwardo Osborn senaiore & Kicliardo Staper irierrhanri ln;2lesi della nobile citta di l.ondra, \ anro di Tliomaso Wilkinson scriuano, piloli, nocheri, & marinari, gli voles-simo dare le nostre lelterc patentc & saliio condtitto, accioclie poiranno andare & ritornarc quado gli pnrera cnmmodo con alcuna roba & mercantia a loro beiuiisia: si come noi, es.sendo cosa giu»ta & che retornera cominoda a nnstra relligione & a quesii frrrestieri, per tenor de 11 presenti sc gli haliiamo contesse con le conditionc per6 infra scritte. videlicet: Che ogni volln chc detti mercadanti con sopradetta naue n con alira non portcranno mer- rantie de conlrabandn, & che constara per fcdc authenticn U con lettere patcnte de oanila, poteran liheralmente viclunliarse de tultc le victuaric neceiwarir, & pmticare in questa isola & doniinij, & poi pnrlisene & scgnirc suo viaggio per done volesMcro in Icuantc o altroue, come (iitti aliri vaselli & specialmentc de Frances! & allri nationi, h di vcnderc 8c comprare (pial ?i voglia mercantia a loro benuista. Item, (he potera portare |M)lucre de canonc &. di archibuso, salnitro, carboni di pctra ro- setla, plaiine dc rame, stagiio, acciale, fcrro, carisi-c commune, tela grossa bianca per far tcnde (Ic galere, balle de ferro de calibro, petre dc molino fine, arbore &c antcnne de galere. basiardi ft alieri. Ft in cimcliisione, haucndn visto che loro per il tempo che restarano qua, .si portorno da lideli \ Catliolici Chrintiani, & che sua santtita h;i!)bia trouato bono il «aIuo vol.. II. N n condutto ita 1 M n " ) 1 < ' ;';*^ 1 t : 1 ft ■ ' -if' - ' ,11 ' . 274 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Passep. of Malta. condutto del gran Turko a loro concesso, per il tiinordclla annata Turkesca & di altri vasclli de iiiimici, inherendo alia volonta di sua sanctil;\, & massime per che haiiera de andarc & passare per diuersi lorhi & tanto lontani come Ingiltcrra, Flandra, & tiilil parti di ponentc, & in altroue, a noi ha parso faric le prcsente nostre lettere paiente come lidelc conucrsarorc nostro, accio piu securanieiitc & scnsa obstaciilo possa andarc & ritoriiare quaiulo li pnrcra con delta naue o con altre. a loro benuisla. Per tanto donque tutti & ciasciin
  • cesse ncm siciite Pasucp. of Mall a. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEKIES. S?5 »hc tenor of these presents wc linue graunted the same to them : yet, with the conditions herc- uiidrr written, viz. That ciicry lime ilic said marchants of the said ship, or with any other, .shall not bring .smh niarchandizc a'i is forbidden, and that by sufficient proofe and letters testimonial it ap- pcarelh that they are Trie from the infections of the plague, they may victuall themselues with all neccssariu victuals, and traftike with \s, and in this Hand and dominion, and after- wardo may depart and follow their voyage whither they will into the Lcuant or else where, as all other vcsscN, and especially of France and other nations do, and sell and buy whatsoeuer marchandi/.c llicv shal tliinke good. I*en), that thcv mav bring powder for cannon and harqucbush, saltpeeter, cole of New- castle, pl:itrs of iattin, linnc, steel, vron, comon karsies while, course canuas to make saiic for the gallics, ballcs of yron fur shot, line miistones, trees & masts for gallies, litle and others, and in conclusion, hauing scene that they for the time of their abode here, did be- haiK' themselues like faithfull and ratholike Christians, & that his holincs hath allowed the saleconduct of the great Tnrke to them granted for I'care of the Turkish armie, and other vessels of the enemic, submitting our selucs to tl>e pleasures of his holines.so, and especially because our people haue occasion to passe by diners j,-laces so farre off, as England, Flan- ders, and all parts Westwards, and in other places, we haue vouchsafed to make these our letters |)alrnls, as (nir faithfull assistant, so as more surely, and without let they may go and reiiiriic when tliev sh,\ll tliinke gocul, with the said ship or with others at their pleasure. We thcrefiirc pray all and ciicrv of your subiec . eHectually thai by what part soeuer of your iuris- diction, vnio the whicii the said worshipfull lohn Keclc and Daniel Fillie l)y name aboucsaid, with llie ship and mariners of the said ])rincipall place or other, shall have accesse, saile, & ])nsse, and ( cme salVlv with liberiie without anv tiisturbance or other impediment, that vou giiie leaiic, and lau-e Icaue lo be giuen that thev may j)asse, stay and retiirne, and when tiny ])li\i.c, (lc|inrt, in sncli sort, that for our loue tt coiitentation the said w«r>hipfull lohn Keclc, with the sl.jp and mariners iiaiic no let, hiiulcrance, or retenlion, also that vou giuc all lu'lp,' .rul ';iU(nir, a thing worthv of \our iusiice, and to vs most acceptable, to be re- ( o)n|)cn( ed with cqnall and i;r('aier seruice, when vpon occasion it shalbe retpiired. .\n(l linaih , wc command all, and whaisuener religious ])cople, and brothers of our reli- gion, (if uhats, cucr mnditidn, degree, ,ind state they be, and all other receiuers and pro- curators, in all and wliaisocuer our priories deputed, and to be deputed by vertuc of the holy obedience, and ail ( ur jicople, and all that arc subiccf to the iurisdiction of our reli- gion, that in, and bv the same tiicv holil, and repute the said worshipfull lohn Keeic in the name as abnncsaid, the ship, mariners, and march,>ndi/e, without let in the same their voy- age, or in any other place, iliai thev be not molested, nor in anywise hindered, but that in all ilicir causes and bu-inesse thev be of you holjicn, and furthered continually. In witnesse whercol'. our scale of gniiernincni is impressed to these presents in blacke wa\e, Giuen at Malta in vur ("onuent, the twelfih of the moncih of Iidv, in the yecre IbS'i. The (iuecnes Commission vnder her great scale, to her seruant master William llareliorne, to be licr maieslies Ambassadour or Agent, in the partes of Turkic. I.JS'i. IiLIZ.\lM'/rHA, Dei optimi Maxinii. ronditoris, &■ rcctoris vnici dementia, Anglia-, rranci.e, I'v: Hiberni.r Hcgina, vera- (idci contra Idololatras falso Christi nomcn profitente* inuieta iV poienlissinia propugnatrix, vniucrsis. ^*t singulis ])r,Tsentcs has liieras visuris, t*fe inspeeiuris, sahitem. Cum aiigustissimus, i*s; inuiclissimiis princeps, /uldau Murad Can, ■furiici re^ni Dominalor potentissimus, impcriicpic Oricntis .Monarcha, fuuius, amiciti.imquc nobiscum |)ercusseril, iurauerit, noster, a legibus nostris non abhorrcntia in priemi-<>is aut pi feceril. lu cuius rei testimonium, has literas nostras lieri fecimus p.iicntrs, & sigilli iu)>lri iniprt'^sinMC iussimiis muniri. Datum 6 castro ni»iro \Vint, to all and singuler persons, to whose '•i;;ht and view thc>e mir present letters mav cinr.f, greeting. Whereas the mo>t rcnownied, and nui-t imiiinihle I'riiice ZiiMan .Murad if'.in, llic most mighty gouernour of the kingdom of Tiirkie, and Monarch of iheKist liiniiire, liaih entered into league and friendship with vs, (which we for our part, as iiuiih as lieili in \s, doe purpose solemnly, and ininolablie to kcepc in all times to come) and where is f^r ilie better countenancing and authori/.ing of tlie >anie, the fore-avd lenownicil Knipcronr hath graunted vnto our subiects free libertie of tralli(|iie, in all the |)arles of his sacred l!n)pire, with as ample and large a grant of priuileges^ a- is ;^:lu'n to other ;;o ;il Princes i~w n< ii;li- boiirs and confederates, the grant of which piiuileues, we taking \erv tiiankfulK, anil ac- ceptably, are certainely, and ihrouuhly determined to keepe and mainelaiiie, with ti'e like goodnesse and curtesic of ininde, dcsiriin; nothinu more, then with an honourable rcsiject to nourish, and deserue the bcneuident alleclions of hockI Princes toward \s: Know \v, that wee thinking well, and hailing go the prescription and order of the forcsayd priuileges, applying themselues in ail things, and through all things, to such din - lies Icii'l Li'f M. Wil. Harborne. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 277 tie^ and sieruiceH as appcrtainc to so great a league and friendship, and the ofTenders agaynst this our league to rccciue iustice, and punishment accordingly. We further giue vnto him power and authorille ouer all and singuler our Subiects, dealing, and vsing traflique in any place or part whatsocuer, subiect to the gouernement of that Empire, to appoint the placo* of their trafliciues, in what Haucn or Citie it shall please him, and to prohibite them from all other places, and wheresoeuer their trafliques are appointed to bee kept, there to make and create Con-iuls orGouernours, to enact luwesand statutes, by the vertue and tenor where- of all our foresayd subiects, and eucry one of them, shall both publikcly and priuatcly vsc and behaue themselues, to correct and punish the breakers of those lawcs : and la.sl of all, to doe and fulfill all and singular things whatsoeuer, which shall seeme requisite and conue- nicnt for the honest and orderly gouernment of our said subiects, and of the maner of their traflique in those parts. Promising assuredly, and in the word of a Prince, that whatsoeuer shall be done of our sayd Orator and Agent, in all, or in any of the premisses, not repug- nant and contrary to our lawes, shall be accepted, ratified, and confirmed by vs. In witnesse whereof, we hauc caused these our letters to be made patents, ;ind our scale thereunto to be appcnsed. Giucn at our Castle of Windsore, the 20. day of N'ouember, in the yeere of Christ 1I»82. and of our raigiie the 24. The Qucenes Letter to the great Tnrke Ii»S2. written in commendation of.Master Harcborne, whei. he was sent Amba-isadour. ELIZABETH &c. ;\uarca vc-ira Maicstas, anno saluatoris nostri Icmi lot'O. pacis fredus nobiscum pepi- gerit, coniuiu'tum cum liberalissima pririlegiorum quo-undam concessione, quorum bcne- licio subditi ncsiri cum omni sccuriiate luiissim^ liberrin.vque ad vniuersas &: singulas \fu- sulmanici iinperij ve.siri partes terra marique prolicisci, in iit-que commcrcij exercendi frratia, negoliari, habitare, manere, e\indc(,ue ire & .-edire cuir. volent queant, ab ijs qui sub Ca;- sarca vestra Maicstate in magislratu sunt vbique loconim protegendi dcfendendique sine \ lla vcl corporuni, vel bonoruin IfBsione: nos tantic concessionis beneficium uratum acc'?pturn- que habcntcs, (juaiitum in nobis c>t, approbamus confinnami'isque : pollicentcs in vcrbo re- nio, quiid nns eandem paccm sine vlla violatione sarlam tectamq; conseruabimus : lacie- musq; vt "-ubditi ncsiri priuilcgiorum sibi indultorum concessione iia vtanlur, vt ('a'>aream \cstrain Nfaicsfatem magnlficeniis«imir swx liberalitatis luinquam pocnitere queat. (iiioniain autem coiuessionis huius virtus in vsii j)otiiis quiim verbis, .Maiesiatis vtriusq; nostrum sen- teiitia, piincnda \i(letur, voluimus hunc mandalarium virum (iuiliclmum Hareborne, ex >a- tcllitibii.'i quibus ad corporis nostri (utelam vtinnir vinim, virum compluribus \irtuiil)us or- nntum, ad ('.-csaream votr.un NLiiostatem ablegare, qui turn nomine nostro vobis gr.itia-i age- ret, lum vi cius opera vieremurad earn ^ubditorum iiostrorum men iinoniorum raiionem sfa- bilicdam, taui in Impcriali vestra ciuitate C'oiistantinopoll, (piAm alijs impcrij vcstri .\(usul- manici'Iocis, cpur ex pra'scriplo iiriuilegiorum, Ciesareu- vestra- M.iic^laiis bcnignitatc, con- cedilur, & ex vsu subtliloruni \Iriusii; no>irum cril. Ad cpiain rem (|Uiiiiiani ((lus illi crit C'rxare.T vestra" Maiesiatis aulhoritate, sumina contentione ab cadein mgamus, \i'lit id rijtere apud omnes qui '•ub sc in uiagistralu sunt, vt ({utbtis(ii[\q; potorunt mcli(iril)us nuxlis luiic no-ilro mandatario in Citsareie vcstr.'e Maiesiatis placilo exequendo, adiutores sint i^ esse velint. Ei enim banc curam demaiulauiinus, in «)ua quarn liilem suam sit honesie liberaturus erga Maiestatem vlriust); nostril neutiqtiam dubitamus: cui etiam, vt in omnibus sint olneiii- perantes nostri subdiii, quantum Ciesarce vestr;e M.iicstati) coiup^sio patitur, voliimus. Pr-J'terea, cum pra^clariis vir Mustafa sacra- Ca-sarea- vcstr.-e .Maie>t:ili> .Musiilniannoiiim iii- ter|)re« cgregiam naiiarit operam vt hoc inter nos la-diis ficrct, rcu-iinus suniniopcn"' \t in nostram gratiam eum in Miisiafaracarum ordinem (■.I'sarca ve>itra Maic^Lis rccipcrc diiiiiclur. Si in his aliisque omnibus honestis caiisis hie noster aucii-. subdiii(|; nostri liii|)cratoria' ves- tra' suhlimitatis a-quanimitalem senserint, fion-bit inter has gcntes rmbile commerciuin, iV nos omnibus oflicijs huic vestrje Maiestatis fauori 8e bciicuo!eiiti;e t-^i vlla nitioiie rebus ves- trii; [Tes. B' 'Ml ars: VOYAOES. NAUIGATIONS, The Q, Leiiir.i. W' % uW ■II. km '■ >^ 1 • ', 'f hcint- iCilt am- ',1 i=s.»dor to tlic ■lulkc. A reiju'Ct for rltc prcfiTit ivis commoiliie |j()tcriinii!i) responilerc libenlissimfe semper paratiE crimus. Deus optiinnn maxiintis miindi opifcx, &c. Tlic same in English. ELizabctii by llie {riarc of the most mis^iitie God and only creator of hcaiien and earth, of Infjl.iiul, Franit anil Ireland Qucenc, the most iiniincible and most mighfie defender of the t'linsti:ui faith against all kind of idolatries of all that line among the Christians and falsly proFcssc the name of Christ, vnto the most Impeiiall and most inuinciblc prince, Sultan Murad Can, the most mighty ruler of the kingdom of Turkie, sole aboiie all, and most so- iieraigne ^I()narch of the Eii-t Empire, erecting. Whereas at our request your Impcriall Maicstie in the yeerc of our Sauiour lesus 1580. hath entered into a league of peace with vs, whereunto was vniled a most large & boun- tiful giant of (crl.iine priuileges, by bcnefitc whereof our subierts may with all securitic iu,:sl safely and freely trauell by Sea and land into all and singular parts of your Musul- manlike Empire, and in the same exercising the trade of merchandi-ie, may tradique, dwell, remainc. ilcpart from thence, and rcturnc thither at their pleasure, and in all places he in lintainrd jiul (lefonded from all damage of bodies and goods, by such as are in authoritie \ iMler viiiir liiipeiiall Maie>lie : we thankfully and gratefully rcceiuing the benelite of so ureal a priuiicLie, as much as in vs lieth doe appnx'ue and confirme the same, promising in tlie worde of a Prince, that wee will keepe the said league perfect and iiuiiolable, and will cause our subiects so to vse the grant of the priuileges giucn vnto them, as your Impc- riall Maicstie shall neucr haue occasion to repent yoa of your most princely liberalitie. And because the force of this grant, in the iud^cment of both our maiesiics, seemeth rather to consist in the vse tiierof, then in the wordes, we thought good to send vnto yourlmperiall niaiestie this i iir ambassadour William Harcborne, one of the Esquiers of our body, which both on our bchalfc should yeeld thanks vnto your maicstie, and also that we might vse his good indcnour for the cstabli»liin v of siu'h order in oursid)iecls trade of merchandise, as well in vour Imp.riall citie of C<)ii>iai'.iinop!e, as in other places of vourNfusuInianlike Empire, ns acconliji- to the prescript of the priuilcucs is jrnuited by your j)rincely maiesiies goodnesso, and sliall he for the benelite ft' both our subiects. For performance whereof, because hce stjndeth in iieede of vour Imperiall Maiesties authoritie, wee earnestly beseech the same, that vou would cause all those which bee in authoritie vnder your Highncsse, by all their bc-.t inenncs to aide and assist this our .Ainbassadoiir in executing this your Imperiall Maiesties pU-a- snrc, for vnto him wee hauc committed this charge : wherein how honestly hee will discharge his credite toward both our Maiesiies, I no whit stand in doubt: to whom also our pleasure is, that all our subiects shall bee obedient, as farre as the grant of vour Imperiall maiestie doeth permit. Mnreoncr, whereas that woorthie personage .Mustafa, your Impcriall maiesties ilil.?. Interprctnr, hath taken sjuciall paines forthe jirocuring of this leaijue betweene vs, wee ear- nestly beseech you that for our sakes your Imperiall .Maiestie would vouchsafe (oaduance him vnto the degree i^f the Musiafarak^ or ihiefe pensioners. in these and in all other honest causes, (!ur aforesavde .Agent and our subiecfes shall finde \our Imperiall Ilignesses faiiour, ;: noble fradiipu' will flourish betwrene tliest- nations, and wee (if bv anv way wee mav stand vonr.St.itc in stea.lc) will alwavcs most willingly be readie to requite tliis vour Maiesties fa- iii.iir and good will with all kindc of good ofliies, Almightie Ciod the maker of the world (ire-crueand keepe your Imperiall .Maiestie, \'c. .\ Letter of the Quecnes Maicstie to .\lli IJas-a (lie Turkes high Admirall, sent by her amlia^^adoiir M William Il.irebomc, and (Icliucred vnto him abuord his gallic in the Ars nal. I'.l.l/AHETUA, ivc lllu-lrissimo \iro Alii Bas>ii-, foitun.itc s, N'on i);nolum esse l',\cellenti,T vestr;e arbilr.umir, priuilegia (),;edam ,i po;cnii-,-,imo C.evire Mu-ulmanico domino xestro clementi-simo xiibdiiis no-tris ,\nglicis coni'cssa essi-, vt illis liceat in ornnibu* intpcnj .Musulmanici prouincijs tuto i^ic secure manere M. Rich, llakluyt. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 879 tnanere ac ncgotiari : non aliter qiiikin hoc ipsum Francis, Polonis, Venetis, Germanis antea inclultum est. Qua ex causa nos Gulielmiim Hareborne nobi- dilectum, fe corporis custodibus vnu, ac multis nominibus ornatum ad inclyfam Cori.-iuminopolis ciiiitatem pro ageiitc misimus : qui ex priuilcgiorum pr.xdictoruin proescripto nostras & subditoriim nrstrnrum res in illis locis constiiueret. Facere igitur non pntiiimus, quin Excellentia; vestrac Guiliclmum hunc, proeaquaapud magnum CaE«arem poiles authoritate, commcndaremus: potentcssiimmopcre vt tuto in mari sine Classiariorum veslrorum vioientia, & securi? in portibus absque minis- trorum rapinis & iniuria, tarn ipse qu:\m omnes Angli siibditi nostri possint vcrsari : \ ti pro teiiore lilcrarum patcntium ii magno Cicsarc conccssarum illis licere ex illarum conspcctione perspicuum esse potest. Gratissimum ergo nobis cxcellentia vestra facerit, si porluum omnium, aliorumque locorum, qui vcstrje iurisdictioni parent, custodibus, item classium & naiiium prasfectis omnibus mandare velit, vt Guilielmus iste, aliiquc Angli subditi nostri cum in illo- rum crunt potestalc, amic6 & humaniter tractarentur. Quemadmodum nos vici-isim omnes magni Cassaris subditos omni hiimaiiitatis gencrc tractabimus, si in Occani maria, ali;'iue loca venerint, quae nosiro parent imperii). Postremo excellcntiam vestram pro coqucm in nostros extendct fauorc ij* omnibus oflicijs proscquemur, qiix a grati-isima principe in optime tandiiig that vou arc of riglit good capadtie, and become a Factor at Constantinople, and in other partes in Turkie, I iinde lu) man fitter of all the English Factors there, then you. .\iul therefore I am so bold to put you in minde, and to tell you wherein with some indeiiour vou may chaunce to doe your Countrey much good, and giue an infinite sorte of the poore j)eople occa-^ion to ])ray for you here throughout the Kealme : this thai I meane is in matter of Cloth, tVc. i First, you cannot denie but that this Kealme yeeldeth the most fine Wooll, the most soft, the most strong Wooll, the most durable in Cloth, and most apte of nature of all other Id receiue Hie, and that no NIand or any one kingdomc so small doeth yeeld so great abinid- ance of the >amc : and that no Wooll is lesse subicct to mollies, or fi> fretting in prcsse, then lhi<, as the old Parliament robes of Kings, & of many noble I'eercs t > be siicwcd nia\ |)lainly teslide. 2 There is no commodiiie of this Realmc that may set .so many poore subiects on worke, as this doeth, that doelh lu mg in so much treasure, and .so much enrich the merchant, and so much employ the Nauie of this Kealme, as this commodiiie of our Wooll doeth. Ample and full V'ent of this noble and rich commo traucll in. What yon shall doc in Turkic, besides the busincssc of your Factorship. 1 rOrasnuich as it is reported that the Woollen clothes died in Turkic bee most excellently (tied, you shall send home into this realme certainc Mowslers or pieces of Shew to be brought III the diers hall, there to be shewetl, partly to remoouc out of their heads, the tootoo great opinion ihey haiie concciucd of their owne cutming, and partly to moouc them for shame to cndcuour to learne more knowledge to the honour of their countrcy of England, and to the vniiiersall benefit of the realme. 'i Yc II shall deiiise to amend the Dying of England, by carving hence an apte yoong man brought \ p in the Arte, or by bringing one or other from thence of skill, or rather to deuise to bring one for Silkes, and another for Wooll and for W(Ki!len doth, and if yon cannot worke this by ordiiiarie i .miics, then to worke it by some great Bassas meanc, or if your owne ( reditc then- be not snllident by mcane of vonr small abode in those parties, to worke it by the lielpe ol the French ambassador there resident, for which purpose von may insinuate your sdfe into his a<(piaintance, and otherwise to leaue no meanc vnsought that tendeth to tills end, wherein yon are to doe as circuinstaiues mav permit. .'{ fhcii to learne to know all the materials and substances that the Turkcs vsc in dying, be they of llirbcs, simple or compcunul, be they Plants, Barkes, Wood, Berries, Secdes, (Iraines, or Minerall matter, or what els soeuer. But before all other, such tilings as yccid tiiosc fainoiis colours that carrie such spcciall rejiort of excellencic, that our Merchaunts may bring iliein to this realme by ordiuaric trade, as a light mcane for the better vent of our liothes. vol.. II. O o 4 To I8t \<\ 'M H i\ I '■ I- H I; ni 1 ifi ;'!l •; •. '> ,'•) 288 Suvply nf the warn ui uile. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIOVS, M. Rich. Haklutft. 4 To know the vsc of those, and whcrr the natiirall place of thoni and of cch of them is, I mcanc the place where cch of tliem proweth or is bred. 5 And in any wise, if Anile that coloureth blew be a naturall commodity of ihoxe parts, and if it be compounded of an hcrbe, to send the same into ihis rcalme by seed or by root in barrell of earth, with all the whole order of xowinjj, sellin>f, planting, rcplaiitiiii;, and with the compoundinj; of the same, that it may become a naturall commodity in this reaiine as Woad is, to this end that the high pri(e of forreine Woad (which deimiireth yeerely j;rcat treasure) may be brought downc. So shall the marchani bus his cloth lessc deare, and m) \w slialbe able to occupy with lesse stocke, be able to aloord t loth cheaper, make more ample vent, and also become a j;reatcr gainer himselfe, and all this to the benelit of this realmc. 6 To do the like with lurbe i*t plant, or tree that in d)it)g is of any excellent vsp, as t« send the same bv seed, berry, root, iS;c; for by such mcancs Sallroii was bniughf lirst intu this rcalme, which hath set many pnorc on worke, and brought great wealth into this rcalme. Thusmav Siimack, the plant wherewith the most excellent bl.u ksbcdicd in S|)aine, bcbroiii.ht out of .S|)Miiie. and out of the Hands of the same, if it will grow in this more colde ciinilit. For thus was Woad brought into this reahne, and came to gond pfrfcction. In the great Io<,i« of the Trench our olde enemies. And il dolh inanicllously import this rcalme to make n.i- turall in this rcalme such things as be spc< ial in the dving of our clothes. .\nd to spcafcc c f such things as colour blew, they are of greatest vsc, ami are grounds ol the most excellent colours, and therefore of all other to be brought into this re.ilme, be it Anile or anv other nia- tcriall of that qualilv. 7 And because vellowes and greenes are colours of small prices in this reainie, by rca^cn that Okie and Greenweed wherewith they be died be naturall here, and in ^.'re.it plenu therefore to bring our clothes so died to e of the same. Then we haue many good waters apt for d\ ing, and ])eo|)le to '■pin and to doe the rest (fall the labours we want not, So as there wanteth, if coloin-s might be brou.;hf in and made naturall, but oncly Oile: the want whereof if any man could denize to vuppK at the full with any thing that might become naturall in this reahne, he whatsoeuer lie were timt could bring it about, might deseriie immorfall I'.rne in this our Common wealth, and -ik li a deuise was ollirred to the Parliament and refiiseil, hecau-e they (lenie(' f;rc'at vse, then to bring of the same into this realme some Mowsters, that our people may fall into the trade, and prepare the same for Turkic : for the more kinds of cloth we can ileuise to make, the more ample vent of our commoditie we shall hauc, and the more >.ilc of the labour of our poorc subiects that els for huke of labour become idle and burdenous Id the common wcale, and hiirlfull to many : and in England we arc in our clothing trade to I'rame our .st-lues acconling to the desires of forrcn nations, be it that they desire thicke or thinne, broad or narrowe, long or short, white or bl.icke. 1 1 But with this prouiso alwayes, that our (loth passe out with as much labour of our people as may be, wherein great consi- deration ought to be had : lor (if vent might so admit it) as it were the greatest madnesse in the world for vs to vent our wooll not dotheil, so were it madnes.sc to vent our wooll in part or in the whole turned into broad cloth, if we might vent the same in Kersies: for there is great (lillorcncc in profit to our people betwccne the clothing of a sacke of wooll in the one, and the like sacke of wooll in the other, of which I wish the marchant of England to haue as ■•rcat »are ;is lie may for ihc vniiicrsall bcnrlit of the poorc : and the turning of a sacke of wooll into Honeis is beltiT then both &c. ,\nd also not to cary out of the realme any cloth white, but died if it may be, thai ihe subierts of this realme may take as much benefit as is possible, and rather lo seeke the vent of the clothes died with the naturall colours of England, then such as be died with forren colours. 12 And if of necessity we must be forced to receiiic certainc colours from forren parts, f<>r that this cliinnt will not breed them, I wish that our marchants procure Anile and such other things to be |>lanted in like dimais where now it growc.s, in diuers other places, that this realme may haue that brought in for as base prices as is possible, and that falling out wiili one place we may receiue the same from another, and not buy the same at the second or the third hand tVc. For if a commodity that is to be had of meero necfs.sity, be in one hand, itisdcarely purchased. 1 Mow many seuerall colours be died is to be learned of our Diers before vou depart. 2 Then how many ol' those colours England doth die of her owne naturall home materials and •.ubstancex, and how many not. li Then to bring into this realme herbs and plants to become naturall in our soiles, that may ilie the rest of the colours, that presently of our owne things here growing we can not yet die, and this from all (orren places. 4 There is a woml called Logwood or Palo Campechio, it is cheape and yccldetha glorious blew, but our workmen can not make it sure. This wood you must take with you, and see whether the .Silke diers or Wooll diers in Turky can doe it, with this one you may inrich your selfc \ery much, and therefore it is to be endcuoiired earnestly by you. It may bring downe the priic of Woad and of Anile. Other some things to be remembred. IF you can .lo'.Ie out at Tripoly in Syria or elsewhere a vent for the Cappes called in Bar- baric, Koiu'ttos colorados riigios, which is a red Scottish cap as it were without brims, you should do your countrey much good : for as a sacke of wooll turned into fine Deiionshire kersies doth set many more people on worke then a sacke spunnc for broad cloth in a grosser O o a thrced. fi ' i ■ 13*^- .'^■^ m 1 n M, HS !i,t':' VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Ric. HaklwjI. thrced, no a Mcke of wonll lurnrd info those RonelH doth sot many more poorc people on worke, then a nackc liiriicd into Kcrsio-i, by reason of the knitting. And therefore if yon can indciiour thai, you workc great etl'ert. And no doiiht that a maruelUius vent may be found out of them into Afrikc by the way of Alexandria, and by Aliaycr Southeast and Southwest thence. 2 And by the vent of our knit hose of Woollen yarne, Woorsted yarne, and of Linnou thrcd, great benefit to our people may arise, and a great value in line Kersieti and in those knit wares may be couihed in a small roonie in the ship. .And for these things our people are growcn apt, and by indeuour may be drawen to great trade. li .Sairron the best of the viiinersall world groweth in this reaime, and forasmiirh as it is a thing that requiri'th much laliour in diners sorts, and setteth the people on worke so plentifdllv, 1 wish you to sec whether yon ran linde out ample vent for the same, "-ince it is gene out of great v.sein those parts. It is a spicp that is cordiall, and mav be \sed in meats, and thai i< excellent in d\ ing of yellow silks. This commodity of .'«;illroii groweth (ifiy miles from Tripi Ij in Syria, on an high hill railed in those parts (Jarian, so ,is there you may learneat that poricil Tripoli the value of the pound, the goodnesse of it, and the plaie- ol the vent. Hut it U sayd that from that hill there p.isseth vcrelv of that (dnitnodiiN lifieene moiles I.Kleit, ;i; d that those regions notwilhstandini; larke sulliciencie of that < tininindiiy. i5ut if a vent tnifjht be found, men would in Ilssex about Sall'ronwalden and in Cambridge shire reiiiue the tradi' for the benefit of the setting of the poore on worke. .So would they iloe in Hereford slurc by Wales, where the best of all England is, in wliirh jdace t!ie snile yecl'U llie wilde S;i(!i- |. commonlv, which sheweth the naturall inrliiiatil liu- ri^ ii Saffron, if the soile be maiuired and that wm\ em|)loved. 4 There is a walled towne not I'arre from iiarbarie, called llnbbed, toward the .South from the famous towne Telensin, about six miles : the inhabitant* of which towne in etlec t hv .iij Diers. And it is savd that thereabout they haue plenty of Aiide. iS: that tlie\ occupy th.it. and also that thev vse there in their dyings, of flie Saffron afores.iyd. The triieth whcrci I, in the Southerly ports of the Mcditeran sea, is easily learned in your passage to 'I'ripoli, or in Uirnej at Aiitf. rctume from thence homeward you mav vnderstaiul it. It is reported at SalVronwalden that n Pilgrim purposing to do gocxl to his coimtrev, stole an head of .SalJron, and hid the same m his Palmers stafTe, which he had mnde hollow before of purpose, and so he hr'iught this rw t into this realme, with veiuure of his life : for if he h.id bene taken, by the law of the cou;i- trey from whence it came, he had died for the fact. If the like loue in this our age were ui our people that now become great traiiellers, nianv knowledges, and many tratles, and many herbes and plants might be brouyht into this realme that might doe the realme gf>od. Aid the Romans hailing that care, brought from all ccasis of the world into Italic all arts and sci- ences, and ail kinds of beasts and fowles, and all herbs, trees, busks and |)lants that nii;;!i; yeeld profit or ]>leasurc to their roimtrcy of Italic. .And if this care had not bene luret"(i re in our ancesters, then iiad our lil'c bene saiiagc now, for then we had not had Wheat nor Hie. Peaze nor Heanes, Harlev nor Oat--, I'care ii Phv-i- cian, the Turky cocks and hciines about liftv vcres past, the Arlichowe in time of kin;,' IIent\ the eight, and of later time was procured out of Itatv the Miiske rose |il.mt, tiie plmnme called the Perdigwena, and two kindes more hv the I.oiil Cromwell alter hi> traui'll, and tic Abricot by a Freni h Priest one \V( He (Janlincr t.' king Hcnrv the ciijht : ami now willun these foure yeeres there haiie bene broii'^iit into I'ngland I'lMin N'ienna in Austria diners kinds of flowers called Tiilipas, and lUnsc aiil nihcr |)r"(ured thilher a little before from Constan- tinople by an excellent man called M. Car.dii'- Cliisiiis. And it is savd that sini e we traded to Zante that the plant that bearcth the Cor,."ii is also brought into this realme from the;ue ; and Leo Africanut tib.4. TJiii may be n f ' The \.vot/.lo Const. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. anil although it bring not fruit to perrrclion, yet It may scrnc for pIc.iNiire and for Komc \*e, like at our vinox doc, wliich wc cannot well opare, althoujth the ilimat so colde will not per- mit v» to hauc j{0()d wines of thcin. And many other things haue bene brought in, that haiie degenerated by reason of the coldc rlimat, some other things brought in hauc by negligence bene lost. The Archbishop of Cantcrburic Kdmund (irindall, after he rclurncil out of (Jcr- nianv, brought into ihii* rcalmc the plant of Tamariskc from thence, and this plant he hath so increased that tlicre be here thousands of them ; and many people hauc rec eined great health by this plant : and if of things brought in Huch care were had, then could not tlic (irst labour be lost. The seed of Tobacco hath bene brought hither out of the West Indies, if growclh lieere, and with the herbc many haue bene cased of the reunies, \:c. Kaih one ol a great number of thing't were woorthy of a iourney to be made into Spainc, Italy. J'l.irbaric, Egvpt, Zantc, ConsLinlinnpIc, the West Indies, and to diucrs other places neerer and fur- ther oir then any of these, yet forasmuch as tiic poorc arc not able, and for that the rich sctlcdat homo in <|uict will not, therefore we are to make siite to such as repaire to forren kingdomcs, for other businesses, to haue some care heercin, and to set before their eyc-i the e\amplcs of these good nicn, and to endeuour to do for their p.irls the like, as ihcir spcci.ill businesses mav permit the same. Thus giiiing you occasion bv way of a little remembrance, to hauc a ilcsirc to doc vivur counlrcy good, you shall, if you haue any inclination to such good, ilo more good to the poore ready to starue for rcliele, then cner anv subiert did in this rcalme by building of Alrncshouscs, and by giuing of lands and goods to the rdicfc of the poore. Thus may you helpc to driuc idlcnesse the mother of most mischiefs out of the rcalmc, and winnc vou pcrpetiiall fame, and the prayer of liie poore, which is more woorth then all the goldc of I'cru and of all the West Indies. The voyage of the Susan of London to Constantinople, wherein the worshipfull M. William Ilarboriic was sent first Ambassadour viito Sultan Murad Can, the great Turke, w'nh whom he continued as her Maiestics Ligier almost sixc yceres. Tile l-i of Nouembcr I.J82, we departed from Blackewall, bound for the Citie of Con- staTiiinople, in the tall shippc called the Susan «if London : the Master whereof was Hichard Parsons, a very excellent and skilfull man in his facultie. But by occasion of contrarv wea- ther wc spent two moncths before we could recouer the Kowcs in the Isle of Wight. Where i the 14 of lanuary following we tooko in the worshipfull M. William llareborne her Maiestics f""'"""'''* Anibass.ulour to the Turke, and his company, aiul sailed thence to Yarmouth in the foresavd Isle of Wight. The I'J wc put from Wight. The 'it* we did see Cauo de Sant Vincenfe. c.Vmrtmr. The same day wc were thwart ol Cauo Santo .Maria. The 27 wc passed by TariflTa, and Gi- .'.• ^""' ^'""■ braltar. The 2S in the morning we passed by Vele/. Malaga : and that night were thwart of VciIi'miIjj.. Cauo de (Jalcs. The 'i'.> at night wc had sight of Cauo de I'alos. The .'{() in the morning we (," IJ' pV"" did see the high land of Dcnia, in the kingdome of Valcntia, and that night we h.id sight D'hL '"'' of the Hand l'"ornienlcra. The.il in the morning appeared the Hand of Cabrera. The lirst f'^™"""' of February wc put into a I'ort in Mallorca, called I'orto »rfi ¥ '; .1 *.*.■ M •:i I !1 ' (• V t' I it 'fl hi-)' if ' I ii ,'? '?! h ^ 'W« VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, The 1. w/. ro Const. •iiiti. (Jim atc^ur* ,'iikJ. 1 lie S[>iiiijiJi Vt'tilc II) thir Kl '.i.lr lo tprake »iih ihe e«p- iht ilpaniardt ..'uine .1^ line IJ pjllc iv(iril!<, niir Piirnor ami another man went In a Towiip which wa* fhrcp or fmire inilcn from ihf port, and thcro wrro well cntcrtaiiu'd, anil had of Jhe people very fairc "poerhM, and snich umall thin>{» an could be n;nlten vpon the midden, and ho returned to the whippe that day. Then wee were eMiholdened, and tliniifjht all had bene well, acrordinjf to their talke. The next day. beiiijj; the sixth day of I'ehriiarie, two of our (Jentlemen, with one of our Mar- rhaiil*, and the Purser, and f one of her .Maicsties shippes : wheri'fore all things pa-scd in his name: and the Ambassadoiir not scene in anv thing but rather concealed, and yet did all, because of his tongue and goml inditing in that Innguagc, For he himsclfe went cm land clothed in Vcliief, and talked with these men, and with him ten or tweliie lusty fcllowcs well weaponed, ech one hniiing a JJoarcspeare or a Caliuer, the Caplaine lohn firay being one of them, and our boat lying bv very warelv kept and ready. For then wee began lo suspect, because the place was more freqiienicd w iih men then it w.-\s woont. The men on horsebacke were in doubt to come iiccre, because hce (ame so well weaponed. Hiil they bade him welcome, and gaiie him great salutations in words as iheir maiier is; and demanded \\\\\ he came »o strong, for thev savd ho needed not to I'eare any man in the Hand. Answere was made, lh.it it was the maner of l'.n;>!ish Caplaines to goe with their guard in strange places. Then thev loide our .Ambassador ( thinking him to be the Caplaine) that they were sent from the Vicerov to know what they did lackp, fi.r they promised him bcefc or mutton, or any thing that w.is in the Hand to be had, hiii their purpose was to haue gotten more of riir men if thev could, aiul they savde that wee should liauc our men againe the n<'\t dav : with sin h prelv delu-ions thev fed vs still. Then our Ambai anionn the tree'*. And in the morninj{ when ihr wat< h wa^* broken vp, l)einjj Saturday the ninth of Februaric, at fairc day li;{ht, one of our men looked foorih, riir ninth of and itaw Htandin^; on land the rariaj^e of a piece : theit was one commanded to (,'in' inlo the •'""'T' toppe, and there he did dcMrrie two or three |)ieceH, and al^u many men on the «hore, with diiuTH weapons (hat they brou^sht. Then they suddenly looke foure or due brasse pieces, and placed them on either side of the harboroiiuh where we should ^n out, and hid them with stones and bushes that we Nhould nol tiee them. Now I thinke the harborough not lo l)e abouc the ei<{ht pari of a mile ouer. Thus perreiuin;; their menniti); which was must pl.iine; wee aijreed to take vp our anker and ^ne out, and leaue our men there, hauiiig none other way lo take. Then our Anibassadour inlrcated the Master of the Marseilian, his friend, to Koe on land with his boat, and to know the truelh : who salislied his retpiest. And at Ims relume he tolde vs thai it was very true, that they would lay holde of vs if they tonld. Then we weiuhed our ankers : but huuin>!; little winde, we towed the siup l'i>rwar«l with the boat. I'he Viceroy hinisi'll'e was at the water side with more then Mue hundred men on both hides of the harbour as we thou>!ht. And when we came out with our xhippe as far as ihcir ordinance, our Aml)ass,idour and the Captaine beinf( in tlieir armour, the Master command- '"" r!c of the company, and triminini; of the sailes, the Pilot slandiiiK on the poope, attendiM(> fc'ili^hmt'ifff' lo his charge, with other very well furnished, and eucry man in order about their bu'-inesso very read), lliev on land on tlie contrary |>arl hailing; a very faire piece niounled on the North side openly in all our si.^his, .is the shinpe passed bv, ihey Irauerscd that piece ritjhl with the mainc mast or afier-tpiarier of the shippe, and a (lunner standing; by, with n lint- stocke in his hand, about foureteene or fifteene fool loni;, beiti'; (as we thought) ready to piue (ire. Our whole noise of irumpets were sounding on the poope with drumme and flute, and a Minion of brasse on the smnmer tiecke, with two or three other pieces, alwayes by our Ciiinners irauersed mouth to mouth with theirs on land, still looking when they ayil vnto him: llaue vou warres with vs > If you h:uie, it is more then wc know; but by \our prouision it seeinelh so: if you haue, shoot in (iods name, and spare nol, but tliey held all last and shot not. Then the Viceroy hiniselfe held vp a p.iper, and sayd he h.id a Idler for our C.iptainc, and desired vs to stay for it. T'hen we answered and savd we would not, but willed hini to send ii by the Marscilians boat, and our nu'n also. All this while, our trumpets, driun and llute ununded, and so we passed out in the face of them all. When lhe\ pcrcciued thai thev could lay no holde on vs, they presenilv sent to the T"wnc for our men. whom within lesse then three hoiires after thev sent aboord with the savd letter, wherein he desired our Cap- Tif ioi taine ami his company not lo lake it in ill part, for he meant them no harnie, but would L'iur't'"i'i,V haue scene our shippe. His Ictler did import these and such like faire speeches: fr it al- ^ «i'"i"« "i i^ toKelher contained courteous salutations, saving that he mii;hl boldly come into anv port within his Hand, and that he and his w(nild shew him what friendship ihey mi;;lit : and that the iniury that was odered was dime al the ri'(|uest of the Siiephearils and poore people of the countrey, for the more safejjard o|' th<'ir (lockes, and because it w;is not a thinj; vsuall lo haue any such shippetocomeintuthat purl, with many oilier decciil'ull words in the savd letter. Theu M it h '] H\] t!' ^'i 'i s ! t' ,-i^ •>■■ ^SS VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. 2%e I. V01J. to Const. "I hf tfTiCt of tli* Amhjftijdois fi..l,il«. :< irctiiiia. r.ii!asn"ijiM. C'tiimlirt. ('•mtjUria. Smlij. i'. I'jssatii. 1\ !1i>df C.i.le Thfii our Ainbassaildiir Willie viiio liiin nnotiuT letter lo answcre that, and gaiie him thanks Cor his men tlial lie had sent him, and also lor iii-i jrond will, and sent him a present. This done, wc sliot 1)11" iialfe a do/.eii pieces, iioiscd oursailes, and departed on our voyage. Then the Purser and the rest of our men that had bcenc in holde, loldc vs that they did see the Cap- taine, and other j;enllenieii of the Hand, haiiinj; llu-ir buskins and stoekinjjs tome from their IruuPs, witli labouriiiL; in the bushes dav and uiglit to make that sudden prouision. The 12 ot I'Vliruary we saw an Ilanil of Al'rieaside ealled Galala, where they vsc to drag out of the Se I imuit Corall, and we saw likewise Sardinia, wiiiih is an Hand Nubieet to Kpaine. The 1, > 111 ine inoniiU'r w e were hard by Sardinia. The 15 we did see an Hand neerc Sicilia, and an Hand on Africa side called Cvsinibrc. The same day likewise we saw an Hand ealled I'.iMtalaria, and that ni^jlit wc were ihwart the middle of Sicilia. The 1(> at nif;ht wc were as I'arre as Capo I'.issaro, which i-. the Southea-t ])arl of Sicilia. The 24 wc were put into a port called I'crip lie Conte, in an Hand (alleil Cephalonia: it is an out Hand in the dominie >f V, irecia, and new at this present j;ouerncd by the Sij^nory of Venice, as the rest of (Jre- cia is \Mdir the Tiirke, for the most part. The 27 we came from thence, and that day ar- riued at /ante which is aNo in Grecia: Curat this present wee entred the parts of (Jnc ia. Tl id (i( March we came from /ante ; and the >ame dav were thwart ol' an Hand call- j|'ifin. (1 I' and the 4 we were thwart of an Hand calleil Sapienlia. There >l i'c wne and a ("astle on the inaine St it, callcvl .Modi^ ndeth a f.iire The same d.iv bv re iMin tia. Ti Iraiv windes we jnil backe a^^aine to I'rodcno, because we could not fetch .Sapien- lie ninth we came from thence, and were as farrc as Sapientia ajraiiie. The tenth c. M.Mini'. we were as farre shot as Cauo Mata|>an; and that day we entred the Archipela<;o, and C . Malio. MrncLlul. D.ll.i|ed thorow betweene Cerijjo and Cauo Malio. This Cerij;<: ;in Hand where one .Menelaus did somctiiees rei<;ne, (roin wlioine w,is stollen bv I'aris faire Helena, and ried to Trov, as It lieci'rdo doe declare. The same dav ve h.id sii;ht of a litlli Hand called Hellapola, and did like\>ise see both the Milos, being IlaiuU in the Archipelai;(i irniiin wc were hard bv an Hand called Falconara, and ihe Hand of Ai The Ii in the morning wc were Hard Dv an liana caiicii falconara, aim ine iianct ol Aiiie- mila. Ihe 12 in the moiniii;; we were betweene Fermenia and Zea, beings both HaiuU. That niuht wee were betweene Neifiopoiile and .\iidri, bcinj: likewise Hands. The l;< in the morninij wc were hiiil bv I'sar.i and S.irafo, beint; Hands nine or tenne miles from Cliio, and ctuild not fcti h Chio So we put rooine with a port in Metelin called Sii^ra, and about nine of tlie clocke at nij;hl we ankeretl there, fhe !."» we came Irom thence, the sixteentli we put into I'crto Delli. This port is It Kn<;liHh miles to the Northward of the Citv of Chio, (and it may be twcliie of their miles) this night we slaved in the savd port, beiii;;, in the Hand of Chio. Then went our Maichanl and one or two with him to the Citv of Cliio. And when the lU', who is ihe gonernoiir of the Hand (and Is ill their laiiunace a I)tik( ned with the .Mai( ham. and lln se that wee with him, and viidersiood ol ; hail onr arnu.Tl v'ithin Ins (loininion, the dav l.dh' rnied Ins i;al ind came to welcome onr Aiii- bassadoiir, accoirpanicd with thi' l.rniine, that is, the Kin;;s Customer, and also the Krein h Consull, with dinirs of the cliiefe of the City, anil olicrcd him as n.iieh friendship as he cnild or w(nil(l desire : for he did oiler to attend \ pon \s, and towe \s if need were to llie Casiles. The 21 we de|)arted from thence, and that dav passed bv |)orl Si^ra ajjainc. This Hand of .Metelin is part of Asia, anil is necre to Naioli.i. The 22 we pa-scl bv a head land c.illed Haberiio, and is also in .\sia. .And that dav at niuhl we passed bv the Isle of Tenedn, ,irt of .\si.i )\ anoilier llaiul eallii And ll le same se<: (I th orow the straif;hts of (i.ilijioli, .iiul bv the Casths. and also bv the i'owiie of (ialipoli it selle, wliii h sta'ul- elh in I'.nn pa. .\iid tli.it niu'ht we weii' in sinhl ol .M.ir.iior.i which is neere .N'.ili |)art III .Asi 1. 'I he 2.'< in the morning wc were th\>arl ol Aiai lia, and that night we ankered in Sila 1 he 24 in the morning ilie .Man hant and the Pilot were set on land to goe to the Citv aboni the .Anibassadoiirs busincsse, hut there tliev loiild not kind because we had the winde faire. That place of some is called Ponte grande, and is foure and twenty miles on this side of Cinislanti- imple, and beiaine id the winde, ihev lollowed in the skille vnlill tliev lanie to a jilace called te |)i;, that is to >av, tiie second Bassa, wincli is a gelded man, and his name is Mahomet snatBawa. Bassa, to tiie tiiird who maricd the great Turks sister, and to tiie fourth whom they call Aliraham Ba-sa, to euery one of these he gauo foure clothes. Now, before the great Bassa, and Abraham Ba like (titer lanisaries. These Basses entertained vs as followeth : First, they ihf AminMi- I)rou!'ht vs into a hall, there to stand on one side, and our Ainbassadour and jientlemcn on ''°"" fmtitjin , , • , , ,1 11 1-1 1 * 1 I • tnem with uic the other side, who sale them downe on a liencl) couercd with cari)efs, the Ambassadour in Bams, the midst ; on his left hand site our gentlemen, and on his right hand the Tiirkes, next to the doore wIk re their mastir gceth in and out : the common sort of 'fiirkes staved in the Court vard, nut sullcrcd to come necrc vs. When our Ambassadour had sitlen halfe an houre, the Bassas ( who sale l)\ ihcmsclues in an inner small roome)sent for him; to whom the .Xmbassadour and his gentlemen went : they all kissed his hand, and presently returned (the Ambassadour onelv e\ce|)ti'il, who slaved there, and a Turks chaus with him) with the Am- bassadour and his genlieiiK'ii went in also so many of our men as there were ])resents to carv in, but these neither kissed his hand nor taried. After this I went to visit the church of Santa sama Sophia. Sophia, which was the cliiefe church when it was the Christians, and now is the chiefe see and ■liincb of primacie of this Turke present: before 1 entred I was willed to put olV my shoes, to the c;id 1 sIkuiUI not pro|)liane their church, 1 being a Christian. The pillers on a Jiicriptionof holh sides oi the church are very cosily and rich, their I'ulpets seemelv and handsome, iw'o '""" '''""''■ are common to preach in, the third resenied onciv for their I'aschall. The ground is couered with Mils, ;n)d the walles hanged with 'fa|)is(rv. Thev haiie also Lamps in their churches, one in the mi. At the endes, oiicr, and about their tombes are belts, like girdles, beset with iewels. In the other chappell are foure other of his soiincs, ami one daughter, in like order. In the first < happell is a thing foiire foot high, ( (iiiercd wiili greene, beset with mother of pearle very rii hl\ . 'fhis is a rcli(pie of .Mahomet, and si.indeih on the left side of the In ad of the grcii 'forks tomhe. These cha]ipels hane their (loores couered, and their walles hanged with ■|',ipi>tri(' of great ])rice, I could value the coiiering and hangings of one of the chnp|)els. at no lesse then line hundred poundes, besides their lamps hanging richly gilded. These chappels hane their roofes curiously wrotighi with rich stone, and gilded. And there lie the bookes of their l.awes for eiicry man lore.ide. The II d.iy of .\pril the shipjie came to the Kev of the Cu»toiiie house. The l<)^l,',',i".'Ih™J~. Ull., 11. 1* p the UKllc Ikiuk, i\\ \/ It ) ¥^ ' .:) ii 290 The Amhissi* dor preunttth the AdmifsU Vthali. VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS. Ttie 1. tot/, to Const. Thr Sitian |;ncth from the Cul» lomc home. The Admirall (Icjiirteth to the tea* The Amli.iss«' doiirs rep^irr to the great Tiiiks court. The entertaiii- mrnt dt d luirr *if li.e .Ambali- dt-uri men. the Ambassadour and we his men went to the Captaine Bassa, who U Admirall of the se.is, his name is Vchali, he would not receiue vs into his hcu.se, but into his gallie, to deliucr our present, which was as followeth : Fouro pieces of cloth, and two silucr pots jjilt & grauen. The poope or slerne of his gaily was gilded both within and without, and vnder his feet, and where he sate was all couered with vcrv rich Tapistry. Our Ambassadour ana his gentlemen kissed his hand, and then the gentlemen were commanded out, and our Ambassadour .sate downe by him on his left hand, and the chaus stood before him. Our men might walke in the gaily fore and after, some of vs taried, and some went out againe. The gaily had scucn pieces of brasse in her prowe, small and great, she had thirty bankesor oares on either side, and at cuery banke or oare seuen men to rowe. The IS day the shippe went from the Key, And 21 the Admirall tooke his leauc of the great Turke, being bound to the Sea with sixe and thirty gallics, very fhirely beautified with gilding and paintmg, and bc'tet with flags and streamers, all the which gallies discharged their ordinance : and we for his farewell gauc him one and twcntie pieces. Then he went to his house with his gallics, and the '22 he went to the Sea, and the Castle that standeth in the water gaue him fcureteene or sixteene pieces: and when he came against the Turks Seraglio he shot off all his caliuers and his great pieces, and so hee went his way. The 2+ our Ambassadour went to the Court, whose entcrtainemcnt with the order thereof followeth. When wee came (irsi on land there was way made for vs by two or three Bassaes and diuers chauses on horsebacke with their men on (out, to accom- jiany our Ambassadour to the Court. Also thev brought horses for him and his gentlemen for to ride, which were very richly furnished; and by the way there met wit!i vs other chauses to accompany vs to the Court. When we came there wee passed thorow two gates, at the second gate there stood very many men with horses attending on their masters. When we came within that gate we were within a very faire Court yard, in compasse lwi«e sf) biu'ge as Pauls Church-yard. On the right hand of the savd Court was a faire gallerie like an Allev, and within it were j)lacc(l railes and such other prouision. On the left side was the like, halic the Court ouer : it was diuided into two parts, the innermost fairer then the oilier. The other l)arl of that side is the place where the Couiicill doe vsually sit, and at the inner end of tli ,i is a faire place to sit in, niucli like vnto that place in Pauls Church-yanI, where the Maior and his brethren vse to .sit, thither was our Ambas.sadour bniught, and set in that plai e. Within that savde place is another like open roome, where hee did eate. Assoone as wee came in, wee were placed in the innermost alley of the second roome, on the left side of the Court, which was spread with carpets on the ground fourescore or fourcscore and tenne foot long, with an hundred and (ifiie seuerall dishes set thereon, that is to sav, Mutton boih-d and rosteil. Rice diuersly dressed. Fritters of the finest fashion, and dishes daintily dight with pritty pappe, with infinite other*, I know not how to expres.se them. We had also rosied Hennes with simdry sorts of fowles to me vnknowen. The gentlemen an.l we safe downe on the ground, for it is their maner so to feede. There were also (Jreekes and others set to fur- nish out the roome. Our ilrinke was made with Rose water and Sugar ai.d spit es brewed together. Those that did seme vs with it had a great bagne ficil ouer their showlders, with a broad belt like an arming belt full of plates of copjier and gilt, with part of the saytl bai^ge vnder his arme, and the mouth in his hand : then he had a deuisc to let it out when he would info cuppcs, when we called fordrinke. The Ambassadour when hee had eaten, [)as--("(l by vs, with the chauses aforesayd, and safe him downe in an inner roome. This place where he safe was against the jrafe where wc came in, and hard by the Councdl ch.miber end, somewhat on the left f-ide of fiie Court, this was at fiie Ivast end of the Court, (or we came in at the West. All this time our presents stood bv \s vniill we had tlined, and diner once ended, this was their order of takini: vp the di-lics. Ceitaine were t ailed in, liki- those of the Hlacke gnrd in the Court of Kngland, the I'urks call flieni .Nfoglaiis. These came in like rude and rauening Mastifs, without order or f ishioii, and made i leane riddance : for he wlio>.e hungry eye one dish could not (ill fumed two, one into the other, aiul thus eiicn on the sud- den was maiie a cleane ritldance of all. Then came ccrtaine chauses and bn nght j.vn- tlemen to sit with the Ambassadour. Immediaflv came tnictrs & ai)poii)ted lauiscrs to beare Iro The \. vo!/. to Cojiit. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 201 frd vs our presciin, who carit-d them on the right side of the Court, and set them hard by the doore of the I'riiiy chamlier, as we call it : there all things stoodc for the space of an hoiire. Thus tlie A'tibassadour and his gentlemen, sate still, and to the Southward of them was a doore whcrcax the great Tnrke himselfc went in and out at, and on the South side of that doore sate on a bench all his chiefe lordcs and gentlemen, and on the North side of the West gate stood his gard, in number as I gesse them a thousand men. These men hauc on their lieads rouiul r;i])pes of mettall like seniles, but sharpe in the toppc, in this they hauc a bunch of O^tridiro feathers, as bigge as a brush, witli the corner or edge forward : at the lower end of tliese feathers was there a smaller feather, like those that arc connnonly worn here. Some of his gard liad smal stauc-i, tS: most of them were wcaponed with bowes and arrowes. Here they wiili-d, during our aliodo at the Court, to gard their Lord. After the Amba-sadoiir with his gentlemen had sitten an hoiire and more, there came three or foure chauses, and l;rought them into the great Turkcs presence. At the I'riuy chamber doore two noble men tooke the Ambassadour by ech arme one, and put their lingers within his sleeues. and so bnniglit him to the great Tiirke where he sumptuously sate alone. He kissed his iiaiid and stood bv vntill all tlie gentlemen were brought before him in like maner, one bv one, and leddc backewards againe his face towards the Turke ; for they might neither tarry nor lurnc their backs, and in like maner returned the Ambas-adour. The salutation that the Noble men did, wa-i taking thcni liv the hands. All this time they trode on cloth of golde, mo-t of the Ncilile men that sate on the Soiuh side of the I'riuy chamber sate likewise on cloth of golilc. .M.uiy odicers or lanisaries there were with sta'ies, who kept very good order, for no furke whatsocnor might goe any further than they willed him. At our Ambassadours enlring thev followed that bare his presents, to say, twchie fine broad clothes, two pieces of The Tutko u line hollanci, teiuic jiicccs of plate double gilt, one case of candlesticks, the case whereof !""'"">'"'''' » was verv large, and three foot high and more, two verv great rannes or pots, and one lesser, "' f"""'' one b.isin and ewer, two poppiniayes of siluer, the one with two heads: they were to drinke in : two bottles with chaine-j, three fairc mastifs in coats of redde cloth, three spaniels, two bloodhounds, one common hunting hoimd, two greyhcuinds, two little dogges in coats of silke: one clocke valiu'd at line hundred pounds sterling: oucr it was a forrest with trees of ■iiluer, among the which were deere chased with dogs, and men on horsebacke Tollowing, men ilrawing of water, others carrying mine oare on barrowes : on the toppe of the clocke stood a castle, and on the c.istle a mill. All these were of siluer. And the clocke was round beset with iewcls. All the time that we stayed at the Councell chamber doore they were telling or weighing of money to send into Persia for his Souldiours pay. There were carried out an huiulred and three and thirty bags, and in cuery bagge, as it was toldc vs, one thousand ducats, which aniounieth to three hundred and thirty thousand * , and in sterling En- glish money to fourescore ami nineteene thousand pounds. The Captaine of the guard in the meane time went to the great Turke, and returneil againe, then they of the Court made obei- sance to him, bowing downe their heads, and their hands on their breasts, and he in like vn\cT rcsaluled them: he was in chiih of siluer, he went and came with two or three with him anil ni« nmre Then wcc went out at the lirst gate, and there we were commanded to stay \ntill ilie ('apt:iine of the guard was ])assed by and all his guard with him, part before him :iiul part hehinde him, some on horsebacke aiul some on font, but the most part on foot car- rying en their shoulders the moiu'v before mentioned, and so we passed home. There was in the Court during our abode there, for the most part a fiiole resembling the lirst, but not naked as was the other at the Hassas: but he turned him critinually, & cried Hough very hollowly, 'fhe third ol' May I saw the Turke go to the church: he had more then two hundred and lifiy horses before and behinde him, but most before him. There were many empty horses that ( amc ni no order. Many of his Noliilitie were in cloth of golde, but himselfc in white sattin. TIutc did ride behinde him sixe or seuen youthes, one or two whereof carried watiT lor him to drinke as they sayd. There were many of his guard running before him and behinde him, and when he alighted, thev cried Hough very hollowly, as the aforcsayd foolcs. ^ 1' p r2 A letter a I m «: ,i I I i / h'ilii .'! l.:tf',/ 292 VOYAGES, NAUIGATION.S, A letter to the Q, A letter of Muslapha Chans to the Quecnes most excellent Maiestie. SErenissima, priidentissima, & sacra Regia Maicstas, dortiina inihi semper clemenlissima, meoruni fidelium officiorum proinptain paratissiniamque commendationcm. Generosiw & virtiiosus (Julielmiis Ilareborne legatus vestras sacrw Maiestatis vcnit ad portain excelsissimain potcntissimi & inuictissimi, & semper Augustissimi Cicsaris Sultan Murad Can, cui Dens om- nipotens benedicat. Et quanto honorc, quanta dignitafe, quantaque hunianitate aliorum con- fiKderatorum legati accipiuntur, pra'fafus quoque lej^atus vcster tanta reuerentia, lantiKpic amplitudine acceptus & colloratus est in porta excelsissima. Et posthac subditi & homine* vesira? sacnc Maiestatis ad ditiones omncs Cssareas venire, & sua negocia tractarc, & ad su- am patriam rcdirc sine inipcdimento, vt in Uteris excelsissimi, potcntissimi, & inuictissimi & semper Augustissimi C.xsaris ad vestram sacram Regiam Maiestatem datis facile patet, tran- quility & pacific^ possunt. Ego autem imprimis diligentem operam & fidelc studium & nunc eodcm confirmando nauaui, & in futurum quoque vsque in vltimum vita? spiritum in negotijs potcntissimi & inuictissimi Cicsaris, & vcstnr sacra* Resji.c Maiestatis egrcgiam nau- abo operam. Quod Deus omniiiotens ad cmolumcntum & vtililatcm vtriiixquc Reipublic.e secundct. Amen. Sacram Regiam Maiestatem foclicissime valcre exopto. Datum Cou- «tantinoj)oli anno 1583, die octauoMaij. A letter of the English Ambassadour to M. Haruic Nfillcr-i, appointing him Consull for the English nation in Alexandria, Cairo, and other places of Egypt, HAuing to appoint our Consull in Cayro, Alexandria, Egypt, and other parts adiacent, for the safe protection of bodv and goods of her Maiesties subiccts; being well perswadcd of vour sufllicient abilitie ; in her Maiesties name I doe elect and make choise of you, good friend ilaruie Milicr-i, to execute the same worxhipfull oflicc, as shall be required for her Maioiiis better seruice, the commodity of her subiccts, and my contentation : hauing and enioying fur merit of your trauell in the premises the like remuneration incidetit to the rest of ours in such oflfice in other parts of this Empire. Requiring you (all other afliiires set aside) to repairc thither with expedition, and attend vpon this your h .Ambassadour, to Richard Forstcr, authorising him Consul of the English nation in the parts of ,\lepo, Da- masco, Aman, Tripolis, lerusalem, &c. I William Ilarborne, her Maiesties Ambassadour Ligier with the Grand Signior, for the af- faires of the Leuant doe in her Maiesties name confirme and appoint Richard Forstcr (ientlc- man, my Depiitie and Consull in the parts of .-Mepo, Damasco, Aman, Tripolis, FeriLsalem, and all other ports whatsocuer in the |)rouinces of .Syria, I'alestiiia, and lurie, to execute the odire of Consull ouer all our Nation licr .Maiesties subiccts, (iCwhat estate or qualitv soeuer: giuiiii; him hereby full |)owcr to defend, protect, and maintaine all such her .Maiesties siibieits as to him shall be obedient, in all honest and iust causes whatsocuer: and in like case no lessc power to imprison, ])iinish, and correct anv and all such as he shall linde disobedient to liiin in the like causes, cucii in such order as I mvsclfe might doe l)v \erlue'of her Majesties Coin- mission giuen me the 2Ci of Noucmbcr l.')H'J. tl'c cipie whereof I haiie annexed to this pre- sent vndcr her ^faicsties Scale deiincred me to tii.it vse Straightlv charging and comtnaiid- ing all her Maiesties subiccts in those parts, as they will auoid her Highnesse displeasure and their 1^1 li'.! UtertotheQ. M. Will. Harborne. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 292 their ownc harmes, to honour his aiithoritie, and haue due respect vnto the same, aiding and assisting him there with their per-sons and goods in any cause requisit to her Maiesties good seriiice, and commoHitic of her dominions. In witncsse whereof I haue tontirmed and seal- ed these presents at Rapamat my mansion house by Pera ouer against Constantinople, the 20 of June 158.'i. A letter of directions of the English Ambassadour to M. Richard Forster, appointed the first English Consull at Tripolis in Syria. COusin Forster, these few words are for your remembrance when it shall please the Almighty to send you safe arriuall in Tripolis of Syria. When it shall please God to send you thither, you arc to ceriific our Nation at Tripolis of the certaine day of your landing, to the end they both may haue their house in a readinesse, and also meet you personally at your entrance to accompany you, being your selfc apparelled in the best maner. The next, second, or third day, after vour comming, giue it out that you be crazed and not well disposed, by meanes of your trauell at Sea, i.*jring which time, you and those there arc most wisely to determine in what maner you arc to present your selfe to theBeglerbi, Cadi, and other officers: who cuery of them are to be presented according to the order accustomed of others formerly in like ol- fice: which after the note of lohn Blanke, late Vice-consull of Tripolis for the French, dcli- ucrcd you hccrcwith, is very much: and therefore, if thereof you can saue any thing, I pray you doe it, as I doubt not but you will. They are to giue you there also another lanizarie ac- cording as ihc French hath ; whose outward procedings you arc to imitate and follow, in such sort as you be not his inferiour, according as those of our Nation heerctoforc with iiim resi- dent can informe vou. Touching your demeanour after your placing, you are wisely to pro- recdc considering both French and Venetian will haue an enuious eye on you: whome if they pcrcciue \vi>c and well adiiiscame country without any harme doing. And touching those there lor the c(im[):iny, \ou are to defend them according to your priuiledge liipi)e hiding the same conuiindity will cause it to amount in price. From our man- siuii Rapamat, the lift ofSeplemljcr l.'jHJ. .•\ letter r »*- a I.-' i| !'( 304 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. mil. Hareborne. A letter to the right honourable William Hareborne her MaiesticsAmbassadour with the Grand Signior from Alger. Right honorable, we hauc recciued your honors letters dated in Constantinople the 5. of Noiicinbcr, and accordingly dcliucnd that inclosed to the king of this place, requiring of him, according an you did command vs in her Maiesties name, that he would vouchsafe to giue order to all his Captaincs & Haics that none of them should meddle with our English shipper ct)inming or going to or from these p:irfs. for that they banc order not to passe by the Christian coast, but vpon the coast of Harbary, and shewing him of the charter giucn by the Grand Sip.nior, requiring him in like case that for liic better fullillmg of the amity, friend>hip and boh league betweenc the CJrand Signior and her Maiesty, he would giue vs fine or six »afv- cciiiducts for our ships, that meeting with any of his gallies or galliots, they might not meddle with them neither shoot at them: who made me answere he would neither giue me any safe- conduct nor commission to his men of war not to meddle with them, for that he trusted to take some of them this yere, and made good account thereof. In likcmancr 1 spake to the chiefc of the I.inisersand the Leuents, who made me answere, the best hope they had this yere was to take some of them, and although they hauc the Grand Signiors commandement we care not there I'orf ; for we will bv policy, or one meanes or other prouoke them to .slioof some onliiKinco, which if they do but one jjiece, the peace is broken, and they be good prizes Aiul i, the Grand Signior his league, all reason and conscience, considering that all the world doth know that Marchants shi|)s laden with marchandise do not seeke to fight with men of warre, but contr.Tiwise to defend themselues from them, when they would do them harme. Whrie- fore if \oiir honour do not get oi't two letters of the Grand Signior as aforesavd, & send them hither with all speed by some one follow such onler as your honour should giue me) to certilie her Maiesty, to the end that they mav be commanded to leaue ofi'trall'H|ue, and not to lose their goods, and her poorc suhierts the Mariners. And thus humbly taking my leaue, I de- sist from troubling your honor. IVoin Algierlhe tenth of February lbS3. A letter of M. Ilarbornc to Miistnpha, challenging him for his dishonest dealing in translating of three of the Grand Signior his commandements. DOinine Mnstapha, nescimus cpiid sibi yelit, cum nobis mandaia ad (inem vtilem conrrssa pcrper.'im reddas, qusv male scripta, plus dainni, qu;\;i. ^tiliiatis adi'erant : (luemadiiiddiim constat ex tnbiis receptis mandatis, in niibus suinmum aut priiuipaledeest ant aufcrtur. In p()-t<'nnn noli ita nobisc um agere. Ita enim ludibrio crimus omnibus in nostrum & tuum dc- detus. Cum mis multarum aclionum spcm Turcice scriptarum in tua prudenlia re,oiiiniii.s, Ita prouiderc dcbcs, vt non ei.enianl huiusmodi mala. Quocirca deinceps cum manda.'um a:U ^V^\ -' Sir Edward Oshorne. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, aut sfriptiim aliqiiod ncripias, verbiim ad verbiim conuertatur in Lntinutn scrmonem, ne dam- num inseqiialiir. Nosti imiltox habere nos inimicos ronatibus nostris iniiidentes, quorum maliliaj vesfrae est prudentiasaduersari. Hi nostri, Secretarius & minimus inlrrpreii ex nostra parte dicent in triluw iilis receptis mandatis errata. Vt deinceps similes errorcs non eneniant precamur. Ista emcndes, & cstera Serenissimae regiae Maicstatis ne<;otia, vti decct vestraj fonditionis hominem, meliiis cures. Nam vnicuiquc suo officio strcnuii est laborandum vt debito tramile omnia succedant: quod spero te facturum. Bene vale. The Pasport in Italian granted to Tlioma-s Shingleton Englishman, by the king of Algier. 1583. NOi Assan Basha Vicere & lochotencntc e capitan dclla iurisditione de Algier doniamo e conccdiamo iibero saluo condutto a Thomas Shingleton mercadanfe, chepossi con suo vasscllo e marinare de che natione se siano, e mercadantia di qua! si voglia natione, andare & venire, e negotiari. e contrattare iiberamente in quesia citta dc Algier & altri lochi de la nostra iuris- ditione cosi di ponenie comi di Lcuantc: & cosi anchora commandianio al capitan di maarc di Algier & d'altri lochi dc nostra iurisditione, Rais de Vas,selli & Capitani de Leuanfc, & altri capitani di vasselli tanto gross! como picholi, si commanda a qual si voglia, che Irou- ando il sopradctio Thomas Shingleton Inglese nclli mari di Genua, Francia, Napoli, Calabri;), e Sardigna con suo vasscllo e mcrcantia. Si hominide che nationi si siano, nongli debba mo- Icstarc, ne piggliare, ne totcare cosa dc nessuna manera tanio di denarc, como di qual si voulia altra robba, sotto la pcna e disgratia di perdirla vita & la robba: Et per quantohauetc a caro la gratia del Gran Signor nostro patrone Soltan MuratesOltomano, lo lasciarctc andare per suo cainino scnza dargli ncssuno impcdimento. Dato in Algicri in nostro reggio I'alazzo, sigillnto del nostro reggio si^illo, e fermato della gran ferma, & scritto del nostro reggio Se- crctario, il di WJ dc Icnaro, 1583. The same in English. WE Assan Bassha Viceroy and lieutenant, and captaine of the iurisdiction of Algier, giue and grant (rec safeconduct to Thomas Shingleton marchanf, that v^ith his ship and mariners, of what nation .socuer they be, & with his marchandi/e of what countrey soeucr, he may go and come, and trade & traffiquc freely in this city of Algier, and other places of our jurisdiction, as well of the West as of the East. And in like sort wc further command the captaine of the sea of Algier, and other places of r)ur iurisdiction, the Reiz of vessels & capiaines of the Lruant, & other captaines of vessels aswcll great as small, whosocuer they be, we do command llicm, that finding the forcsayd Thomas Shingleton Englishman in the seas of Genua, France, Naples, Calabria, and Sardinia, with his ship and merchandize, and men of what nation soeucr ihcy be, that they molest the not, neither take nor touch any kind of thing of theirs, neither money nor any other kind of goods, vnder paine and peril of loosing of their liues and goods: and as you make account cf the fauour of tlic (Jrand Signor our lord Sultan Murates llottoman, so see you let him p:isse on his way without anv maner of impediment. Dated at Alger in our kingly palace, signed with our princely Signet, and scaled with our great scale, and written by our Secrctarie of estate, the 23. of lanuarie, 1583. A letter written in Spanish by Sir Edward' Osborne, to the kiny of Alger, the 20. of luly, loSi. in the bchalfe of certeinc English caj>tiues there lUtained. MVy alto y podcroso Rey, Sea seruida vostra alteza, Como la muy alta y potentis>inia magcstad del (Jran Sennor tiene becho articulcs de priuilegios con la Serenissima .Ma;;e.--tad rlo nucstra Hc\ na d'lnglaticrra, para los \assali)s dclla poder libremente \r y bolucr, y tratar piT mar v licmi cii los dominiosde su potciitisfiii'a Magestnd, Como a la clara paresce por los dithos articulos, de che cmbiamcis t-l iract.ndo al Scncir Iu:in Tiinon nncstro commis.sario, para Ic inuestnir a vostra Alteza. Contra el tenor dc iu.-. quales articulos por dos gaieras de su ciudad dc ,\lgcr ha sido hechado al fondo en SO.^i vV • i; il y. f\ I 'III UM VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Edvinrd Oiborne. An Fndiin shij^ sjT.kc h\ two >.Mt! ul Al|rr. fii 1» mar vn des micstros nauion que venia tie I'atras, que esen la Morca, cargado do corintes V otras incrcadcrias, que alia so conipraroii, y las mas do la gciitc del la malados y uhngado^ en la mar, v cl rcsto est an deleiiidos jmr csclauos: cosa miiy contraria a los dichod articii- los V priiiili'gios. Que cs occasioi), (juc jior esto siipplicamos a vostra Allc/a muy hu- miliiicnto, (jue, piien que la potcntissima ina;;L'slad del p;raiid Scniior cs scruida nos fauorescer por ios diihdS artiiulos, tambien sea scriiiila vostra Alliva assisiirnos en ellos, otDr^randonos pur vo-itra autoridad su auida v faui)r, seguii que espcramos, para que puedaii estar lihres, y holiicr para aca atpiellds pohres hoiubres ansi liechosesdauo"', tomo dicho cs. Yaiisimisnio, que mandc vostra Altc/.a dar orden a los lapilanes, maestres y ijcnlc de las galeras, que nos d.xcii di' a()iii adelantc lia/cr mieslro Iralico con seys naos cada anno para Turqiiia a los do- niiniiis del Gran Scnuor a paz ya saluo, ])or no cOtrariar a los dirhos nuestros priuilcj^ios, Lleuaiulo lada vna i\c nuestras dichas naos por sc ronoscer vn saluo rondullode siii alta \ pn- tcn(i>siiiia niagcstad. Y con esta vostra tan senallada mcrced v I'auor que en esso recibere- inos, qucd.ircmos iiosofros con ^randissima obligation a vostra Alte/a de seruir la por ello, sc- •;un quo cl dicho Sennor luan Tipton, a quicn nos rcportanins dc todo lo dcmas, niejor in- lornuTa \osfra Alte/a: Cuya screnissiina persona y estado siq>|>licamos y pidinios a Dio» oni- nipaicnlc prii>^))rrp y accresrcntc con loda felicitad y honra. De la ciuidad de Londres a los vcviiic ilias de hilio del mil y quinicnios y ochcnta y qiialro amies. Al scruilio de Mie^tra Alic/.a por y en nombrc de lodos los Iratantescn Turquia, lu el Mayor de Londres, Ldward Osborne. The same in English. lUglit hif;h and mi<;litie kinp;, May it please vour hiyhncsse to vndcrstand, that the most high and most mightic maiesiir of the Grand .Signor lialh conlirmed certaine articles of priuilej;cs with the most excellent maiestie of our (Jucene of Kni;lan(l, thai her subiects may freely go and come, and tranri(|iic bv sea and land in the dominions of his most mighty maiesty, as appearcth more at large hv y said articles, whereof \vc haue sent the copy vnio M. loh. Tiplon our ('i>mmissarie, to shew the same vnto vour highnes. Agaiii>t ihe tenor of which articles, one of our ships which came from I'atras which is in Morca, laden with corants and l.iin and drowned in the sea, the residue being detained ;wslaucs: An acte very ( onirarv lo the meaning of llic aforesaid articles and priuileges: which is the occasif) thai by these presents we beseech your highnesse \ery humbly that since it hath pleased the most mightie maiestie of the Grand Signor to fauoiir vs with ihe savd priuilegc. It would please your llighnesse in like nianer lo a>si»i \s in ihe same, graunling vs bv vmir aulhoritie, vour ayde and l';iuour, accordmg as our hope i> llial these poore men so delaiiied in captiuiiie, as is aforesaid, may be set at libcrtie, iS; relume into their counlrey. And likewise that your highnes>e would send lo giue order lo the capiaines, niasiers and peopled!' \uur gallics, that from henccloorlh ihe\ would sullrr \s lo vse our Irnfliiiue with sixc ships serely into Turkic vnto the dominions of the Cir.nid Signor in peace ai;il safelie, that thcv do not wiilistaiid iho-e our >ai(l priuileges, euerv one of our foresaid ships carving with ihem a passeport of hi-, most high and most mightie maiestie to be knowen by, And for that vc iir so >ingiilar fauour and curiesic which in so doing wc shall rcceiue, we on our j)art with all l)oun(!cii duetie vnto your highncsse, will seeke lo honi iir you in that behalfe, according ;n the sa\(l .\I.ister loin Ti|)ton ( lo whom wee ri'lerre oiirselues touching all other circumstances) shall niiirc al large enfnrme your higiincsse, whose most excellent j)ersoii and estate, wc prav and bcsicch .Mniiglity (lod lo prosper and increase wilh all fclicilic and honour. From the Cilie of London, the 20. of luly, li>Hi. At the scruice of your highncsse, for and in the name oi' our whole com|)any trading into Turkic, I .Vlaior ol' Londuii, Edward Osburne. Notes 'I ■' "L Xolcs of Mgfr. THArFIQUKS. AND DISCOUr.RlRS. 297 Notes concerning the trade of Alijcr. Tile money lliat is coined in Aljter is a piece of gold called A*iano, & Doublae^. and two t;i« mowr of Doiiblae't make an Asiano, but the Doubia is most vscd, for all things be sold by Uoniilacs, '^•"' which Doiibla is filiie of their Aspers there. The Asper there is not so fjood by hallc tV more, as that in ('onstantinoplc; lor the Chekin of uold of the Tiirkes made at Constantinople is at Ali^er worth an IjO Aspers, and at Cou- stanlinople it is but <»(>. Aspers. The pistolct and roiaisof plite are most ( iirrant there. The said pi-iiolet coeth for \30. Aspcrs there: & the piece of 4. roials "octh for 40 Asper-, but ofientinies is sold for nmre, as men need then» to carle vp into Turkic. I'heir Asianosand Doublaes are |)ieces of course K"'d. worth here but 40. s. the ounce, so the same is currant in no place of Turkic out of the kini;dom of Alfjer, neither the .Vspers, for that thev be Icsse then others be, for they coinc them in .'\lj;er. The customc to the kin<; is inward 10. per centum, to the Turke, to be paid of the com- The custome. moditie it scll'e, or as it shall be ratene outwards for any commoditie that you doe lade, nuire then a reward lo the nale keepers. The waiulif there is called a Cantare for line wares, as mcllals refined, aud spices \.c. whi;rosse wares, are soM b\ a};reat Cantare, which ishalfeasbin ai^iine: soil is ISO. li.siibiil of ours here. The measure < ( come i- bv a nica>ure called a Curlia, which is about 4. bushel-, of ourThc measure. measure, and corne is picnliful there and !.',oo(l chcape, except when there liapneih a very dry yeere. Till- snrcsl lodging fur a Chiisii.'n th(rc is in a bwes house: lor if he liaiie any hurt, the Th.- sumi indg- lew and his sioods .shdl make it u. li. of .\Iarscils waight, at Ij ounces the pound, which is lO.'j. 11. of lit. ounces to the li. There is another wai^ht called I'ois Gerrin, which is l.')0. li. vet. II. ^ '1 uf J''"-] fl; t 'I. ' ) ' wr,; S88 Catre ttirre dairs iourney Amn Alcian- itii by \tnii. f f) .< M., • tS ! ■ < \l j'liF' VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. mil. Harbornf. f..r- or MaiNciU waight, by which arc lold all thingi to rate: but wpice i:* sold by the mcr waight. From Alexandria to Cairo is three dales iourney, but you must take a laniMaric with you: & to go vp thither by water it '» H. daycs iourney. Uoials uf Spainr are currant mnny there, and are the best money you can cary. And ♦. roial^ are worth 1,'j. Metlin.s, and 'i. Medinx, are 3. Asperg. Pistolets and crowncs of I'rantc and Doilers will goe, but of all Hoials are be»t. Rice is not permitted to goe out of the land, but is kept for a victuall. But with a pre- icnt to the Bye and Ermine some may passe. All sortes of spices be garbled after the bar^ainc is made, and they be Moores which ymi deale withall, which be good people and not ill disposed, AntI after you be searched k hauc Icauc to passe, you must presently depart out of the port, and if you doe not, they will search you againc. And you must dcjiart in the day, for in the nii;l.t the castles will not suflier you to depart. The duetic to the Consul is 2. in the hundred, for his aide, and mrate, and drinke and all. And the port of Alexandri:! is t;ood when one is within it with gocKl ankers and cables. Silucr is belter currant then gold in Alexandria, but both arc good. Commonly the Carauans come thither in October from Mecca to Cair.), and from thenrr to Alexandria, where the merchants be that buy the spice", and therefore the spicc« arc brought most to Alexandria, where each Christian nation remainclh at the Consuls houses Yet oftentimes the christiaas go vp to Cairo to buy drugs it other comnKKliiies there, :i» they sec cause. And the commodities there vendible are all sorts of kersies, but the most |)ari blcwes, and of clothes all colours except mingled colours and blacks. IVpper is vsually sold for ^4. ducats the quintal. Ginger for 14. ducats. You must take .annus to make bags u, put your commoditie in fn)m Alexandria, for there is none. There i ' also fine (laxe, aiul good store of Bufl'e hides. A letter of the English amb.xs...in Hayes, which vou wrote to be ours, prooued to be a Cataloninn. As for ours, by report of that Hassan and other Icwes in his ship, it was aflirmed to be sold to the Maiteses, which with the rest you are to rcceiuc there, .\nd hailing ended these affaires and rcgistrcd our priuilege. and these three coinmandeinents, in Tripolis, Tunis, and Alger, I pray you make speedy reiiirne, and for that which inav be recouered, make oner liic same either to KichanI Kowed for Pairasso in Morea, or otherwise hither to lohn Bate in the surest maner you may, if the registring of that your priuilege and these coinmandemeiirs will not sutler yuu in person to returiie with the .same From my .Mansion Hapainat in I'cra this 24. ol lune 1584. I] 1", The t^Ja .W. mil Uarbornt. TKAFFIQUr.S, AND DISCOUEHIF.!?. The cominaundcmcnl oljlaincd of the Grand Signior by her \fnicstic* ambaHsador M. Will. Harelxirnc, for the quiet pasNing (if hi-r HiibicctH ro and TrO his dominions, sent in An. 1584. to llic Viccroyca of Algier, Tunis & Tripoli* in Barbary. To our Btglerbcy of Aljjicr. WR ccrtifie ihcc by this our (ommandcincnf, that the right honorable Will. Haicborne nnib.issador to the Qufcnes maicstir orEnj;land hath si(;nified vnio vs, that the ships of that cduntrcy in their cummin;; and returning to and from our F.mpire, on the one part of the Seas hauc the Spaniards, Florentines, Sicilians and Mallcses, on the other part our comitreis lommiltetl to your charge: which abouesaid Christians will not quietly sufler their egresxc and regre.sse, into, and out of our dominions, but doe take and make the men captiucs, and /(irfcit the sliippcs and goods, as the last yeere the .Maltescs did one, which they tooke at (ierbi, and to that end do continually lie in wait for them to their destruction, whereupon they are constrained to stand to their defence at any such time as they might meet with them. Wherefore consi; we (onirarily so we! entcenie do your dutie, I do by my warrant yoinu herj'witli charge vou, \: in her maiesiics name, to the viterninst to vsc your jjood and faithful endeiioiir, as becommeth a true suhirc t, it in all ihinfjs that may toii- cernc her maiesties yod sernice, assistiny the Chans with the rest of our niessenven in counsel, traiiel, \- what els shall be ihoiiKhl re(piisite for your jjood discharge of voiir diictie. And to v end you may boldiv proceed herein as also for the jjood opinion sir Kd- ward O-bcirne & the <'omp;iny haue of \ou, and I no lesse per^waded of youre wisedoni, vpriitht dealiii;,', St i;o(id e\i)eri<'nie in those paris, do ser, but lo hoisc out their skille ami an aboard to shew tlieni their >alec oiiduc t, iV to present the captain with a garment, & you there in such like c asc .ire to take order that ihev do not forceably take anv thinj; Irom ihein, Noihin;; doubtinj; but the Viicrov (whose frieiidslii|) in her maiesties behalfe I desire) will not oiielv perlornie the same vour iii-t recpie-t, \' aCLonlinj; to rijjht, restore to libertie nijr me since the |)riiiile<>c taken, but also ( aiise tho-c y tookc & sunke our ships to answcre the value, which I haue set diwne frulv. and rather with the least in the Iiiueiiti rie fr.wislated into Turkish, whereof the inclosed is the copy in , Ii)n};!ish, which I send to the end you may be the better informed of mv demand bv this onr (."li.iu.s Mahomet, with whom in all tilings you are to conferre of matters e\pedient, for the honor of her majesties country, & the commoditie, and libertie of poore c.jptiiie-, which if the Viceroy do wel consider, accordinj; to his wisedom, as the trraiid SiL'uior iloetli thereof, he shal wel |)er( eiuc it not onelv a j^reat honour to his master a» aluresaid, to confiniie ihis amitie with her maiestie, but chielly to the wlioic estate of hi.s kinj^doin e.\tcediii<; proliiable, whith Uarhovnt. chniiiM luM- * proourd '(I Ml well I miKhly u inlcrciiiirNr lip I'Vfiuli, inalrrial in rs Im" roll Mi I nmnuxliiicii all which t .iin tliiiit; ( iMihl hniic wild ]-, ail- ii'f I his civ \()ii say \ iii;ni(ir ri)m- lii- (liic what ipiiiiishrd (ir rp, vet ihp) HI hv u'aiii- thp ( liicfp*!, thpy will he I vxp his javs- proiooiliiiiji foiitrarywlHp, I'parp, aflpc- r (liitip, I (In crmnsl to vp ihat iDuy con- iip-i-PMUfniin argp of villi r pinion s\t I'.it- mrp wjspiloni, ;ranil Si^ninr^ l)\ vprtiip III' Ipl'enc c of our proriiied ihcrp \ to the vllcr- pal'tpr acidid- lljps of Alj;pr, o prc>*i'i)t thp It ihpv di) nii| i.sp iripiiiWiip »t rp(|ui>l, iV io laijsr th(i-(" Iv, and rathrr s the ( npv in ml hv this mir iliriit, fiT ihp IIP-, wliii li if (li'cth thcrciif, (iinfitiiic ihis iiij; proliial)lp, which .V. mil llarborne. 1 It.M riQUES, AND DISCOUKHII.S. which l>y ftihii means ^\\M hr aliniulaiitly sprupil with the < hipl'i-nt ('iimtnoditipN thry want, ivilh inanv .(her lhiii>{s .li'iiK.rc imiiortnnro to iIip jjrand Siijiiior his i untcnt.iiioii, not Iutp- iii to be lui/itionwl. Fur I know lliP V'iiproies px|HTipn(pd wisdom (an wpl roiisidpr ihprt'oC, ill «ii('l> -ort as lip wil not dpnv to acirtplish his inasiprs comm iiidpmcnl, & our earnest rc- niici III .so small a matter as this we retpiire, whereof I e\|)e( t no rcl'ii-all: lor thereliy he iliall Ini re;i-.p his honor with the ^land Si^jnior, l)e in rredile with her maie-iic, he void of Irniilili- >*l' h hercal'ler Ijy future suite anainsl him may happen, aniic as doelh chance, lijjhtiii); with our ships. Whiih, as it is well kiioweii ti all ilip wiirlil, haiie so );reat hearts as nencr cuwanlly to jeeKI to their eiieinies. And that lIuTclorc in thai respect (after the proucrbe, like e-teenie of their like) lilcy are the more of such a vaiiaiii prince as is their \'iceroy and hi-, i (Hiraj^ioiis Moiildier^ to lie in all (riencUhip I lieii-.he(l and lieltcr estepined. If the raptaine lla-s i had liciic returned from Capha, I uiiiild in lik<' maner liaiie |Hocnred his letters, \\|iirli for that he i- not, I douhl noihiii); hut tli.it the Kiaiid Si^nioiN will siiHise. Ihiis coiiimeiidiiin your selle and tlu-se proceedings to ilip almi;{hty his menil'iil direction, I hid \on 1110-.I heartily wel to lure. I'Vom my inunsiuii Itapaiiiat ni){h I'era, this ;iU. of Ntarch, l.tS.i. Series vpl re;;istrum \aloris nauiinn, lionnrum, i^- liominnm per triremes Arj»r- rienses ereptorum, viia cum captiuoruni h>lerbei;i Arjiir.r spolint.T iV ereptie naues, nxTces, iVi homines, I IVdilh dc Luiidon, rectore lacobo Pie.ire, cum hominiluis 'il \alore Klorenonnn .'MOO. '2 lesu^ de London, rcc tor<- AiulruM Dier, cum '21. hnminibu" N'alorem tuiius & 14. ho- iiiinc>-, reliipiis moriiii", red lidii llnmadaii l!.i-sa Tripnliianus Secrciario legati, l^dwardo Bar- irn, \.iloic I'lorenorum IKHHI. S'uinin.i hominiim mancipatoriim & \iiieniiiim liiiii liinporis, (piaiulo Cpvar lllu>- trissinuis, i^ doininu> Oiaior (.'h.iiiseum .Nlahnmelem miserunt .Mjiiram. I .\iile ficdiis iiiitum in ii;iiie I'j'lcr de lirisiow. '■I In naiie Swallow dc London. Post fcrdus iniluin in natie Hritonn. 1 In iKiiie Kabnet de Hampton 2 In natie .SaK iiion. ^lohn Winter. i^Hoberf Harton. lliic h. Crawford. Y\iiihon\ I'.luem. OVil. Uainolds. lames Yoong. Thomas Lisney. ilohn 'fracie. ^Wil. (JrilTith. f Wil. Cocke. .Wl §■ I Ii i'¥' ' p; t mm . K, < p -iJ .\ • iL^ >: tJ.. '(«li.' 30t VOYAGES, NAUTGATIONS, M. mil. Uarhmu: 1 I '1 n»iie Elizabeth. lohn Woodward, 'jilcs Nai)cr, Leonard lanu-s, Oliiicr D.illimore, and Hirhard Maiinscll. 2 In naiic Maria Martin. Thomas Moo; ■, Wil. White, Wil. Palmer, Nieli. imvx, Peter March, Rich. Uaslewood, Wil. Dewly, Wil. C'owcl, lohn Franke, Ilcnry Piiikrr, lohn Ca- uendi.sh, Moiscs Kobiiison, Iame« Sotherich, Henry Howcl, Nich, Sinilh, Henry U,i{;-.ier, Rich. Dauison, Rich. Palmer. 'i In naue Elizabeth Stokes. Danid Fillie, Walter Street, Laiireiicc Wilkins, Morgan Dauis, Ii)hn Qiiintc, Ambro.sc Harison, lohn Peterson, Tri>iirani Voi.t, Roger Kibbe. 4 In naiie Nicholas, Thomas Forster rector nauis & eiiis nautar. To Assan A also for your faithfull obedience like a true subiect to her Maiestie, naturally louin^ yourcountrey & countreymen, declared in your fauourabic furtherance ol the said Wil. Hamore, procurinjj their redemption. Of which your good & vertuous ac- tions, as I reioice to vnderstand, so wil I impart the same to your singulcr comendation, both to our mistressc her Maiestie, & her most honorable coinisellers the nobiliiie of En- jjland, to whom assure your sclfe the report shalbc very welcome. And now this sccdml time 1 am inforced by duetie to God ic. vehemently as I had occasion by his most vinvorthy answer. Rut I hope, & the rather \)\ your means, he will not contr.iry this second ccminandcment, threaining him, not obseruiti^ the same, lossc of office & life. The due execution whereof by your vertuous & careful industry procured, wil manifest to all the world, e'i])ecially to her maiesiv, (I*.: me her am- bassador, your true christian njind & English heart, inlentiuely bent to Gods honor, & ilio libertie of the poore men, for whidi 1 trust von be ;, her most exrclleni mai'sty, wil continiiailv seeke by all good means to manilcsi J' »amc in this & the like faithful seruice to your sin- gulcr cftmendation, whcrby both my selfe & others in that plac e hauing found you in all good oflices faithfully afleciionalcd, may in like ca-ie perforiiie the like toN^ards you, ulun & where you may haue occasion to vsc me : which as I for my part do as-urediv j)roniise, \- wil no Icsse faithfully perforine : so accordingly I exj)cct herein, and hereafter the like of voii, whom most heartily saluted I commend to the diuinc tuition and holy direction. From iiu house Rapamat, this 28. of lune lf)S<). Your louing and good friend her Maiesties .Ambassador with the Grand Signor, Will. Harebornc A petition exhibited 'u the viceroy for reformation of sinidry iniuries olTered our nation in Morea, as also for sundry dcmaundcs needcfull for the establishing of the traffike in those parts. 1 First that our people may be freed of such wonted molestation, as the laniscrsof Patras-c haue alwayes from time to time ofTeied them, not reganling the kings commandemcnts to tie contrary. That they be remoued and called away from thence, and none other remaine in their place. 2 Thai where heretofore the kings commandemcnts haue becne graunted to ours, that n(j person whatsoeucr shall forceably take from them any of their commodities, otherwise llien paying them before the deliuerie thereof, for the same in readie money, at such price as tlicv themKelucs will, and sell ordinarily to others, as alsu that no oflficer whatsoeuer, of the kings or the Ilarhorur. r Dallimore, 1.011'5, PcIlT r, liilii) Ca- iry U.igitcr, ins, MdPgaii bbc. ilow. ly, aswfl ini wh(i.se oiH'ly so truly Ijc- hcr Maipstic, "urtherance ol verluoiis ao romcndalion, L>ilitie of I'.ii- ^ this Mci'oiui 1 your mastpi lough not ihins; of iscrsof ratras»ii idemcnts to lie ther reniaine in to ours, that nn otherwise then ch priee as thiv or, of the kinj;s A manaale fur Patrasso. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. or any other, shall force fhrm to buy any commodities of that countrey, otherwise then the needfull, at their owne will ; of Lepanto owini; monev to our marchants for commodi- ties solde them, haue not hitherto sntisded them, notwithstanding ours had from the king a commandement for the lecoiicry of the same delits, but fled and absented themselues out of the Towne at the commiiig of the same, another more f irciblc commaundement mav be graiinted ours, that for nonpaiinen?, whatsoeuer miv be loud of theirs in goodj, houses, vineyards, or any otiier thinj;, may be solii, and ours satisfied of their said debt, according to ecpiitie and reason. A commandement to PatrasSd jn Morea. WHen this commandement shall come viii.i yon, know you, that the Consiill of the En- glish Nation in our port of I'atrasso, hath giiien vs to vndcrstand, that Ibrmerlv we granted him a r ommandement that ii.uiing paied onco ciistdinc for the currants bought to lade in their hiiips, they shall not pav it agaiiie : acciTdiiig to which they bringing it to the port of I'atr.asso, informing thereof .Mahomet the NaJir of I.cpaiito. he contrary to the tenor thereof and for- mer order, doth aiiaine t.ike another ciisionie of him. and requiring him to know why he so ilid contrary to our commandement, he aii-wered vs, he tookc it not for custome, but for a (>resen!. Sloremier the sayd Consull cciillird vs jiow that the said Nadir contrary to ancient hereafter haue no occavion any iiK-re to ii.m- ])laine here in our Court, and that the Nadir jjroceed in Liaiherin;; cornnts of the j)((i[iU' after the old order and not otherwise. This know you for certaine. and <;iue credit to tl.is nw commaundement, which hauin^j read deliucr againe info the ConsuK handcs. IVoni Coi - stanlinople the ycere of Mahomet 5)!'.'j. A commandement for Chio. V01)is, Be};& Cadi & Krmini, qui cstis in (^hio, siRuilicamus : quod serenissim;c Rei;iiKf Maicstatis Anjjiia; orator, qui est in exielsa porta per literas si^^nilicnuit nobis, quod ex na- tiil)u< Ansfliris vna iiauis veni^set ad |)ortum Chio, & illinc ('onstantinopoliin recto ciirsu vn. luisset \enire, & contra priuilegium detinui^tis, & non siuisiis venire, llanr pradictus orator signilicauit nobis : & petiuit a nobis in hoc ne^ocio hoc marulatum, vt naues Anglicre veniniii tV redeant in nostras ditioncs C.-csareaa. Priuilegium datum iV conrcssum est ex parte Sc- renitatis C.Tsareap nostra-: cV huius priuileijij copia data e>t sub insigni nostro: Kt contra nostnnn priuilegium Ca?sareum quod ita ayitur, qu.T est causa' (Juan no^iro luiinini's illorum ad vos venerint ex ])ra'dirta Anj;lia, si nanis venerit ad jinrtum vesirum, & si res iS: merces ex naue exemerint. iV vendiderint, & Iricessiniam »ecundam ])arien) rid- dideriiit,& re- quae nianserint Constantinopolim aulerrc vclint, ])atianlur : I',i sialijjuis contra priuilegium iV arliculos eius ali(|uid agerel, non sinalis, nee vos facile: ^" impediri iicii siiiatis eo-, vt recta Constantinopolim \ ententes in suis negotiationibus sine mojestia eN»c possint. Kt quicunqiie contra hoc mandatinn & priuilegium nostrum aliijuid frcerit, nol,]. signilicate. Huic mandato nostro iK: insigni fidem adhibete. In prini i|)io men-is Detembri- A coinniandement f'r Iialiabadram. SKrenissima' Uen;ina' Angjia' orator literrs -irppllcatorijs in jKirta nostra fulgida significaiiH, ijuod 15alial)adram venicntes mercai'ir''-. i.:nies &: homines corum, c intra priuilegium im- pedirenlur iK: niolestareniur. Inter i/im enini & lie^iiiam cum ffrilus sit, vt mercati res, ho- mines \: nauescrum contra [iriiiilegiiiin iiiipi dianliir aiit molc»telitur, tudlo vncpiam p;irlo I'oncedimus. Mandamus i'^iiiir. M liier.i- ni>-.ine (',e«ar>ii', ona propria cures, seciiiuluin quixl cnniicnit, \idea«(i; e\ Angiia Bali:;l)a(lrni!i cum nu rcibiis \cMicnlilni~ hk it aturihiis. i\ alia-. l(nlii contra fivihh \ priuilegium, iniiiria, \is .nut d.unnuni mui inlcnitin-; scd, \t co:.nenil. dcicndas, vl naiicv uR'natores, itri V( hit pruprij ■iibditi, lil'cri ab oinni \\ ^ iniuria permanr.ini. i*«c neiiotijs suis incumbant. lit (luod illius loci lanisscri illos im|)edircnt, si'/nilicatinn c«i \t illi illis uocumetito sint nullo modo coruedimus. luxla tencircm nianchiii luiios illos c.Mn- nionefaci.is, \t nihil (|uic([uain contra fredus f.icjaiit, ita \t nun(|uam hiiiu-modi querela hiir veiiiat, quia (juicquid acciderit, a le expostulabinuis. Negligeiiiiani po-tponiio, iSj insi^'ni C.L'sareo lidem adhibeto. A ( "ininauniicment for I'lg\|)l. SCito tpiod orator Reginx An^li.e in porta niea evisiens iibellum su])plicem ad prri.im nosiram mittens signilicauit, quod cum ex /7'!trvpio Consul eirum abcsset, Consid iliicCi.il- licus existens, Vento nuncui)alM», quaiimis ante lure toinpora ne matins in Anglos mitirrd mandatimi nostrum fuerit datiun, Anu:li -id) \c\illo I't Intel, i nostra stmt inquiens, mandatiim C;esareum vili existimans, non cessauil perlurbarc .\nglos. (iuare sdtoquod licgiii;e .Aiiiili.T priuilegium nostrum est datum. Iu\t.i illud priuilegium .\nglis nulla ratione ("onsul (iallidi- Consi:latum agat, neiie manus iintnitiat. mamhiiuin nostrum po>tulauit eius lei;alus. (Juan mando, vt contra priuilegiiun no-truin Consid (Jalliciis Anglis iniuriani non inferal, ncia Consulatum ajjat. ludici /l-lgypti lilira- nostra: sunt data; : hanc ob causuin mando tibi ipio- qiie, A c, TO the .iiui to the Ihiii conin \s our com no man si or in the or ports \> :nuch, and taken, hati either in Turkrs mandate. TRAFPIQUKS, ANO DISrOUF.RIKS 305 que, vf iiiMa illiiil maiidatiim nostrum, contra priiiilps'""' nostrum Anj;lis Galium (^onsulatum A'icre iiunquain patiarc. Sic sr ito, h iiisisiii mco (iilem adhibcto. A comniaumlciiiriU of ihc Grand Si;;iiior (o the Cadie dr lud^c of Alexandria. Tile Ivniba-isadour for the Qurenes most excellent Maiestie of I'j) : doe in this matter according to iustice, and crcdilc this our scale. .\ cominaiuleinent to the Hassa of .\lexandria. THe Enibassadoiu- for the (iocenes most excellent .Maicsty of luigland by sup|)lication cer- tified vs, how IJKit notwithstanding our priuilcge granted them to make Consuls in al parts of our dominions to ijduernc their nation accor(> being in their hands let this matter be done. .\>>ain-t this priuilegc come of this matter, for which you shall be punished. Wherefore beware, and if he that is dead be neither Venetian nor Englishman in veritie, doe not loose the goods of the said dt.ul marchant, vnder the name of a Venetian or Englishman, doe not to the discommoditie of mv trcasiirie, for after it will be hard to rccouer it. The voyage made to Tiii)olis in Barbaric, in the vecre l.")S.'?. with a ship called the le-us, wherein the aduenturcs and distresses of some I'.nglir-lunen are iruely re- ported, and other necessary circumstances obserucd. Written by Thomas .San- ders. THis vovage was set foorth b\ the right worshij)fiill sir Edward Osborne knight, rhieft- merchant of all the Turkisli coin|)any, aiul one master iiichard Siajjer, the ship being of the burden of one hundred tunnes, called the Icsus, she was buildcd at Earnine a riuer bv I'(irt>- mouth. The owners were master Thomas fhomson, Nicholas ("arnabv, and lohn (iilmnii. The master was one .\ches Mellier of lilack-wall, and his Mate was one Iiichard .Morris of that place: their Pilot was one .\nthonie lerado a Frenchman, of the |irouiiuc of MarseiK: the purser was one William fhomson ' ur owners soniie: the merchants (actors were Homane Son- nings a Erenchnian, and Kichard .Skegs seruant vnto the said master Staper. fhc owners were bound Miio the menhants by charter parlie therevpon, in one thousand markes, that the said ship bv (ioils permission should goe forTri|)olis in Barbaric, tliat is to sav, first from Portsmouth to Ne\vliauen in Normandie, from thence to S. l.ucar, otherwise tailed Saint Lu- cas in .\ndelu/ia, and from thence to fripolie, which is in the Ilast part of Africa, and so to rcturne vnto London, But here ought euery man to note and tonsiilcr the workes of our God, that many times what man doth determine Ciod doth disappoint. The said master hauing some occasion to goe to I'armne, tooke with him the Pilot anil the Purser, aiul returniiii,' againc by meanes of a perric of winde, the boat wherein thev were, was drowned, with ihc said master, the purser, and all the company: onelv the said Pilot by ex|ierieiu-e in swim- ming saued himselli': these were the beginnings of our sorrowes. Alter whi(ii the saitl mas- ters mate would not procei ^i in that voiage, oul the owner hearing of this misfortune, and the vnwillingncsse of the masters mate, did send downe one Hichard Deiinond, and shipped him for ma'tcr, who did chuse for his .Mate oiu' .'\ndrew Dier, and so the said ship departed on her voiage accordingly: that is to say, about the Iti of October, in An. I.')S.'{. she made s.iile from Portsmouth, and the |.H day then next following she arriued at Newhaiien, where our saidc Last master Dcimond by a surfeit died. The factors then ap[>oiiited the said ,\n(lre\v Dier, bein;; then masters mate, to be their master for that voiage, who did chuse to be his .Mates the two quarter masters of the .same ship, to wit, I'ctcr Austine, and Shillabcv, aiul for Purser ''"IT,/.': U\\ viiU4:\ Tito. Sanders. 'llw. Sanders. TllAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIF.S. 30T Purser wa.i .'.hippccl one Hichard Biirctps. AffiTwanl alioul thr H clay of Noucmbcr wc made (iaile forthward, and by rorcc of weather wc were driiien baeke aj;aine into IVirtcsinnulh, where we reiuied our victuals and other neressaries, and then the wiiule came faire. About the "20 dav th<;n next follnwiii!!; wc deiiarfp. oilcs; the kin<; there is a merchant, and the rather (_ willing to prefcrrc himselfe belore his ccmmons) requested our said factors to Irallique wiili him, and promised them that iftliey would take his oiks at his owne jiriee, thev should pay no nianer of custome, and they tooke of him certaine tunnes of oilc: and alterwardc ])erceii:in<; that they nii;;iit hauc farre hitter cliea|)e notwith'-tandini: the eustotnc free, ihev desired the king to licence them to take the oiles at the pleasure of his commons, for that bis price did cxccedc theirs: w hereunto the kiiiii would not ajiiee, but was rather contented to abate his price, insomuch that the factors bininht all ii)eir tu les nf the kinj; custome free, and so l:i'"i' together with (lur said I'actors iirokca house to themsclnes there. Our irench I'actor KomanctoTnH" Si)nniii;rs desired to l)uv a cnmmoditv in the market, and wanting money, desired the saidc Miles l)ic!.ens(.|) to lend him an hundred Ciiikinoes vntill he came to his lodging, which he di;l, and al'li rward the same Si'nnings mette with Miles Dickenscn in the strcete, and deliuercd him money bound vp in a napkin: s.iying, master Dickenson there is the money that 1 bo- rowcd ofyou, anil so thanked him for tl.esame: hee doubted nothing lesse then falshoodo, which isseldoine kiiowr.e i.inoiig inarchanis, and s|)ecial!v being together in one hou-e, and is the more dcicst.dde tietweene Cliristians, thev being in Turkic among the he.ithen. The said Dickenson did not tell the money presently, \ntill he came to his lodging, and then finding nine Ciiikinoes lacking of his hundred, wiiich was al)out three pounds, for that cucry Chikino is woorih sciien shillings of I'nglish money, he came to the savde KuTnane Somiing'^ and deliuered him his handkeri hiefi-, and asked !iim howe manv Chikinocs lice had deliuercd him •* Sonnings answered, an hinidred: Dii kenson said no: and so thev protested and swore on b.iih parts. Hut in the end the ^umI Ui;i<;ine Sonnings did sweare deejielv witli detestable oihes and curses, and [irayed (Jod that hee might shewc his workes on him, that other might take ensainple therebv, and that be might be hanged like adogge, and ncucr come into Kn- gland againe, if he did not deliucr vnto the sayde Dickenson an Iiunilred Chikinocs. Aid here beholde a notable example of all bla-pheniers, lursers and swearers, how Ciod rcw;iriled him aceordinglv : lor many nmes it coinmeth to ])asse, that (iod sheweth his mir.icles a poii -uch monstrous blasphemers, to the en»ample of other-, as nowe hereafter you shall hcarc wh;it befell to thin Koniane Sonnings, Tliere was a man in the said lownc a ]ilcdgc, whose mime was I'atrone Nor.ido, who the \ere liefore had done this Sonning-i -.onu' pleasure there. The foresaid I'atrone Norado was milebted vnto a Turke of that towrie in the snmme of foure hundred and lifiie crownes, for certain goods sent bv him into Christendome in a ship of his owne, and I)v his owne brother, arid himselfe remained in Tripolis as pledge vniill his said brothers returne : and, a.s the re- port went there, after his I.toiIum-s arriuall into ('liri-,tendonie, he came among lewdc eom- panie, and lost his brothers said ship and goods at dice, :nid neuer reiurncd vnto him againe. The said I'.iirone Noiado being \oydc of ill hope, and findirig now oppc rtunitie, consulted a conspiraOf with the said Sonnings for to swinime a scabonnle the Islands, and the ship being then out ofi'"",'"^*')' lianger, should lake liim in ;as after was confessed") and so to goe to Tolon in the prouincc F.uiorVtudr- nl' Marseilis with this I'atrone Norado, and there to take in his lading. "'"''■' T'"'''er sayles all aboorde, our savde aown«." " ' li T 'i Factor;* "i'i; i 1 . i 308 VOYAGKS, NAUIGATIONS, Tho. Sunders. ■t ■ I ,i I fii'' i i ill l|!'^ ■ Ti.e beg. .lur.g nf luir t ou- lU 1, .iiid iKOa- 5ion i)f 4 Ithrir nil tiic. I'nclors (lid lake llifir Icaiie of the kin^, ^vlll) very courteously bidde them farwell, and \vIkti th('\ came al)()ordc, they comniaundcd tlie Master and the eompanie liastily to ;;ii out the sliip: ilie Master answered tliat ii was vnpos-ilile, lor that tlie winde was eontrarv ;ind oiut- Mowed And he retjuired vs \ pon lorlciturc of our bandes, that we should doe our indeuour to j;et her foorth. Then went wee in warpe out the shippe, aiul presently the kin;; sent a honfo alioord of vs, with three men in iter, i nniniainulinir the saide Sonninns to eonie a shoarc: at whose eoniining, the kins; dentaunded oi' hint (MWtoine lor the oyies : .Soiniini;s answered hini that his hijjhnesse had promised t ' (ieiiuer ihein < uslonic free. Hiit notwithslaiulinj; On- kinj; weighed not his said promise, and as an inlideil that h.itii not the leareof (Ind lielore liis eyes, nor regarde of his wonle, allicit lice was a kini;, lu-e cau-.ed liic sayde .Soniiin^^s to pay the (iNtonie to the vtierniost penic. And allerwanle willed hnn to make h,iste away, savins, that tlie lanizaries would haiie the o\ le ashoare ataine. These lani/aries are smildier- tlu-re ^ mler the ^real TMrkc, and their power is alioue tlu Kinj;s. Ami so tlie saide Kac lor departed troin the kini;, and came to the waterside, tnd called Cor a boale to eome aboorde, and he broiiuht wiia him the foresaid I'attone Nonuhi. The eompanie iiupiisitiue to kiu)W what man that was, Sounin^-. answered, that he was h^ eounlrevman, a passeni,'er; I pray God said the eompanie, that we come not into trouble l)v this man. Then said Soiniini;s aiiijerly, what haue you to n, wherebv iiiav appeare the regard that the Turke or inlideil hath (d' his worde. alllioii^^li lu- be able to perforine it, \ea more, lluniiih he be a king. Theii our nienhanls seeing no rcmedie, they together with line ol our com|)anie \*cni ,i shoare, and liien they (c.ised shooting : they shot vnto vs in the whole, nine and thiriic sliootes, without the hurl of any man. .\nd when our niarchants came a shriare, the King cuininaunded presentU that they willi the rest of our eompanie that were witii them, should be cheined fonre iV: foure, to a huiulred waight id' vron, and when we came in with the ship, there came presently alioue an humlred Turks abooril of vs, and they searched v.s, and siript our very clothes IVoiii our b.ickes, ^Sc biakc open I";' Tho. Sanders. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUKRIES. 309 (il mine? if iiulml crowiK'- onci) oiii* cliesis, and made a spoyle of all tliat wc had: and the Christian caitifcs likewise, (hat (■■line a boord of vs niado spuyle oFonr ^oods, and vsed vs as ill as the Turkes did. And our niastrr-* mate haiiini: a (Joneua Hililc in his hand, there tame the kinj^s chiel'e "nnncr, and tooke it nut frmn hini, who shewed me of it, and I hanini; the lan;;nai?e, went presently tticnfes t > our owne discretion, as thcv sulRred the Spaniards and other nations to vse theirs, and he };rauiited \s : then ! told him that the niaister uiiinner had taken away a Bible from one of our men: the Treasurer went pre>ently and cominaunded him to deliuer vj) the Bible againe, which he did : \ within a lille after he lonke il froni the in.in aijaine, and I shewed the Treasurer of it, and pre-entiv he commanndcil him to deliuer il .ijiaine : sayiiij;, thou villaine, wilt thou tunic to ('hri^liaiiilie ajj.iine? lor he was a Hene;;ado, which is one that lirst was a Christian, and af- terwards becomiiu'lh a Tiirke, and so he deliii(T<'d ine the Hible the second lime. And then I li.iiiinj; it in mv hand, the ;runner came to ine, and spake these wordes, saying, thou doff^c, I wil liaue the hooke in despiuht of thee, and tooke il from me, saying : If thou tell the kinjrs Irea^iiror of it anv more, bv Mahomet I will be reuenf;ed of thee. Notwithstanding I went the ihirti time vnio the kinns Treasurer, and toldi' him of it, and he came with me, sayinj; thus vnto the t;nni.er: l)\ tiie he.id of the fjreit Turkc, if thou take it from him againc, thou shall iKine an hundred bastonadoes. .Vnd foortluvith he deliuered me the booke, saying, he had not ihe v.ihieawe our NfarchanN and all the rest of our company in rhaines, and we all readv lo re( clue the same reward, what luart in the world is there so hanl, hut would hane pitied our c.uise, hearing cr^tiing ihe lament. d)k' greeting there was betwixt vs : all this happened the lirst of W.tv, l.')SI, And the second diy of the same moneih, tlie King with all iiis ccunsell s.ite in iudgcmentThr Enfii>hm«» vpon vs The lirst that were had forth lo be iirraigned, were the Factors, and tiie Ma.sters, and ■"■"S""'- tlie King asked them wherefore thev (a:ne U' t ;i shoare when he sent for them. And Homaine .*^ollnings answered, that though he were king on shoare. and might commannde there, so was hee as touching ihose that were vtnler him: and therefore -.lid, if anv ollence be, the fault is wholv in mv -clfe, and in no other. flien foorlhwilh the king gaue uulgement, that the saide Koniaine Sonnings -houM be hanged oner I'le Northeast bulw.irke: from whence he conueved the forenamed I'atnine Nor.ido, ami liien he called h r our .Master .\ndrew Dier, and vscd fewe Wordes lo him, and so condemned hiai to be lianged oucr the wallesoi'the Westermost bnlwarke Then fell our other Factor (named Richard Skcgs) \pon his knees before the king, and said, I beseech your highnesse either to pardon our Ma-.ter, or cUe sulVer me to die fir him, lor he is igiiorant of this cau-e, .\nd ilien the people id' th.it counlrev I'auouring the said Richard Skegs besought the king lo pardon lluni both. So ihenihe king spake these wordes: lleholde for thy sake, 1 pardon the M.i>tir, flu n preseiillv the fnrkes sh()ute! lS>' A ^^' !■■# r K'piT 310 voya(;rs, nauioations. Tlio. Saiuhn. U H \ I'ii J- 1 ^ (• M fc '■> V vu Minrr Difr coiiiirniiicd (o Iw h.ingrd iiurr R butwifkc. A Fifinhnun tiitiicJ I'liike, HI lii'p.- oflilj lilr, jnJ .ifHT. Fufiv fine nipti alloMtd hut two pfiKf t'f bread • day. Tlie Tutkes buildrdachurdi yiM altered: for that one of his couiiscll luul niliiiscd him, that v.ilessc the Master died also, bv the lawc they could not conlisc.ite the nhip nor good", neither e;i|)tiiic any of the mr n ; whereupon the king si^nt for our Master againe, a'ld gaue him anotlx r iudgemeni after his pardon for one cause, which wa-t ih.it luc slumlil he lianucii. Here all true ("hri-.tiaiis may see what trust a Christian man may piil in an iiilidiK proni se, who being r King, p nloneda man nowe, as you liaue heard, and within an iioiire alter hanged him for tiie same cause he. fore a whole multitude : and also pr(iini>ed our r.uiors their <) les custonie free, and at their going awas made them pav the vllermo'-f penie for the ciisicune thereof. And when that Homaine .Soiuiings ^aw no remedy but that he should die, he protested to turnc Turke, hcpinj; iherehv to haue >aiieil liis life. Then said the Turkc, if thou wilt liirnc Tiirke, speakc the \,i>rds that thereunto belong: ;.nd he did so. Then naide they \nto him, Now thou shalt die in the faith of a Turke, and so hee did, as the Turkes reported th:il were at his execution. And the forenaineil I'.itrone Nor.ido, whrreas before he had libcrtie and did nothing he then was coiuleinned sialic |)crpctuall, except there were painient made of tlie foresaid sumine of money. Then llie king condemned all \s, who were in nuinl)er sixe and twentie, of the whidi, two were hanged (as you haue heard) and one died thi> lirsi duv wee came on shoare, ljy the vi.-.ilalion of .\lmightie (iod: and the other three and iweniie he ci ndemned slaues perpetu- ally vuto the great Turke, and the shi|> ;uid gnods were conliscated to the vse of the groat Turke: and then we all fell downe \pon our knce>, gining (ioil ihankes for this sorrowhill \'siiaiion, and giuing our seines wiioly to tlie .\lniightie power of (Jod, vuto whom all secretj lire kiiowen, that he of his goodnesse would vouchsafe to lioke \pon vs. Here mav all true Christian hearts see the wondirfoll worki-s nl (iod shewed \|)on such in- lidels, blaspiieniers, whorcmastcrs, anil rcneg.ite (hri^iians, and so \oiisiiall reade in ti.e eiuie ol' this booke, of the like \pon the vnfaiihliili king and all hi., children, and of as many as looke anv [joriion of the said goods. Ihit lirst to shevve oiir miserable Ijniulage ami s'.iuerie, and \nto what small pittance and allowance wee were tied, for eiicrv line nx'o liad ;ill"w;ince but Hue aspers of bread in a dav, which is but two ])eiice Knglish: and our lodging w;:s to lye < n the bare booriN, with a xcry simple cape to couer vs, wee were also ft rceably and most violently shaneii, head and biard, and wiihin three daves after, 1 and sixe more of inv fellowes, togetlu r vsith fourescore It.diaris and .Spaniards were sent foorih in :i Cialeot to take a (ircekisii Cannosell, which came into Africa ti) steale Negroes, and \>ent out if Triptiis \nlo tliat pl.ii e, which was two hnniheil and fcurtie leagues theme, hiil wee wen' i ii liiicd ihrce and three to :ui o;ne, and wee rowed n;iked ;ibouc the girdle, and tlie btiteswaine I'l lie (laliey walked ;il)aft tlu' ma'^lc, and Ins Male afore the ma>ie, and eche of them a bulls jii-scll diicd in tluir hamle-, ;m d when tluir diuelish choller rose, they would strike the Christians for no i aiise : and tlicy allowed \s Imi halfe a pound of bread a man in a dav without anv other kinde cf siisienance, water escepicd. And when we came to the jdace win teas wee saw the Carmoscll, we were not siillcred to li;iiic neither needle, bodkin, knile, or:niy other weapon al)oiii\s, imrai ;iiu < tlurtimein the night, vpon paine of one hundred bastiinadoes : wee were ihiii also (nielK inanacklcil in sin h «ort, that we could luit |)iit onr hamles the length ilv do. and so n.itliered it together, a little at one place and so at another, and ladeJ (>ur camels, and ( ame home about scuen of the clocke that night folowing : because 1 fell luce, and m\ ciunel was tired, 1 lefi my wood in the way. 'fliere was in Tripolis liiat lime a \'eni.iian, wlx'se name was IJenedctto Venetiano, and scuenteene captiues more of his Kimii.iny, which raime a\sav froui Tripolis in a bcate, and came in siglit of an Uland called M.ill.i, wliiiii lielli fourlie le.igues from Tripolis right North, and being \»iiiiiii a mile of the .^hoare, iV \ery laire weather, one of their compmiy said, In dis[)elti> {\c Dio adc^so \eiiio :i pilliar terra, wliic h is as much to sav : In tiie despite of God I ".hall now fetch the shoare, and |)reseully tlure arose a n\ighty storme, with thunder and raine and the wind at North, tiieir boale bciui; \crv small, so that ihev were inforccd to bcare vp roome, and to sheare rii;hi afore the winde oner against the coa^t of IJarbarie fr.im whence tliev came, and rowing vpand dowiie tlie coast, their victuals beir.g spent, the 'il. day after their departure they were inforced thr.ugli the want of food to come aslioare, thinking to haue r-tolne some shcepe ; but the Moores if the coimtrev very craftily [)erceiuinn their in- tent, gathered tcgetiuT a threcstore horsemen, and hid themselues behinde a sandie hill, and when tlie Christiiiis were cnuie all a slui.ire, and past \p halfe a mile into the coinitrey, the Moores rode betwixt lliem and llicir biale, and some of them pursued the Christian-, and so ihev were all t.iken and l)rou^;lit to Tripoli-, IVom whence tliev hail befi>re CMapcd: and pre- sently the kin^ conimauiiileil llial the (ore-aiile Henedetio with one more of his compaiiv shoidd lose tiieir cans, and the iv>t should be mo>l (ruelK beaten, which was presently done. This king had a sonne whii h wa> ;i ruler in an Island called Gcrbi, whcreunio airiucd an Kngli>h sliip|)e called the (ireene Dragon, ol' the \\hi' riu- kiii|« <.iiiiif hid .1 ctptiiir tltJI Wis Miniiir 10 one of the Ouerntt Mjiek- iTri guarij, that wai forced tu turtle Tutkr. ((imj>;m\, hro greatly fancied Riclinrd linrijcs our Piirscr. ami Liiucm Smith: llu>y wcro hoih joPf; nuMi, thcrofdrc" lie »vas very de-iriuis to liaue llicm in liinic 'I'lirkc", but tliey woiilil luit yeeld to liis ile»ire, >ayin^' Wc ""■ vnir lalluix slanc", and .is •.lanes wee will seme liim Then his lather the kinj; sent f- i ., and asked them if they would fume Tnrkes? And lliev s.iide: If it |de;ise \ our 1 fi, hnes-e, riiri-.tians we were Ix^rne, and so we wi reinanie. and luseei hed the kini; that thev niijjht not liee inlortHMl thereunto. The kinj; had llicre lore in his house a scnne ol' a veonian of onr (lueenes <;nard, whom the kiii'^s sonne had foreed to lurne Turkc, his name was Ii hn Nels him liie kini; < aused to he hroujhl ! i tin yon;; men, and then said \nto ihem: Wil not you hcare ihi. uuir countreyinan eompanv, and lie Tnrke as lu-e i»"' And thev sjlde, that they would nut \erld thereunto duriii;; liliv But it fell out, that wilhin a nuineth alter, the kn;i;s sonne went htinie to (ierhi an;aiiie, hc- in;^ si\c score miles from TrijKilis, and carlcd olu' two i'ore-aid yon;,' men witli him, whirli vere Hit hard Hur^jes, and lame- Smith: and after their de|):irture Irom \s, thev sent \s j letter, siijnif\in;; that there was no violciue sheweil \nto them a- vit, Imt within three daves iil'ter thev were siolentiv v>ed, lor that tl (• kiiiijs konn e deni:uind(d of tl Kill ajiainc, if ilut thev wmdd Inrne Turkc ^ Then answered Kicii.ird nur;;es, a Chrisiian 1 am. and so I will reinaine Then the kings sonne very anjjerly siid vnto him: I'y .Mahomet thou shall pn s.'iitlv he made Turki- Then i ailed In- fcr his iiu'n, and c.'inmaniled them to make hit Tmke, and thev did so, and t ircuuK iscd him, :ind would haue lad him spcake lite word," iIliI the reunlo lielon 'cd. Inil he answered them ■.loiillv that he would noi : ;iiul althnui;h llif had id put I n him the habile Turke, \el s,i\d he, A Ciiri-tian I w:is 1: )oine, anc I sti I will reni.iinc, tlu uuh vmi force me to doe oliierwisf. .\iid then he called for the other, and commaiindcd him In be m:idi' i'urke perforce al-o: but he was \er\ sironj;, for it was so much as eight of the kings sounes men could doe in sow lo passe (uitT hoidc him, so In the ende lliev cireuiiui-eil him, and made him Turke, a little lid so to shi we the mancr ol our dclnii-raiu e out ]|hthfrrnl deli- uerie. In .Mav .ill res.iid, slmrtK alter our :ippi(lun-i 'ii, I wn I" a letter into Kngland vnt f.illier dwtlliii'' in Tani-.tol.c in Denon-liin-. -iiinilviii; \nto hini tl e whide esl.ite of ru o niv amine- wrote al lo { 'on-.laiiliiiopU- to the I'nglish I'.niba-s.i.lour, both which Idle were failhliilJN tit liiiercd Hut uhen w\ lather h.id ret liiicil my letter, ami Miderstood tin trudh of I iir ir.i-hap, and tlie otc.isi.n tlvrinf, :ii.d wh.il had h;ippened to the oll'ender-, hi lioiirable the earle of I'eilford thereof, who in short sp it e :ic(pi,iiiited lu certilied the n"ht jht h. sse with the wliole cause thereof, and her Maicstie like a mi".t meriifnil I rincesse tcn- tlering her Siibiei t-, prescnilv looke ordi r for our deliueniHe Whereupon the right shipful sir lalwani ()-boroe knight dirci ted his Idlers with all spi'cd to the I'nglish I'.inhas. sadour in (.'(iii-.t;iniinoplc, to proinrc our deliiierv : and he ohicinetl the gre.ii 'i'urke- Commission, and M'nt it foorlhwith to Tripniis, hv one Master l'.dw. rd nartnn, together wil' a Itistice of the great Turkes, and one -ouldionr, :inil anolher fiirke, and a (iieeke v.h'cli wi- is inlerpretoiir, whiih (ouM s| •ake l)(-iih'» (ireeke, I'urki-ii, li:ili "P d I'.n-'i-'i, And when thev came to Trijioli-, tliey 'lere well inlcrteineil. .Viitl the !!;»( ni^lit ilicy Ii ('apt tames house in the towne. all lUi con IV thai were for io\ to M:istcr Harti id the other ( onimissioners ii see ther iiiii r.iiolis ( aine ili:it iii';:ii Th: n m.asier I'art in ►aid vnto \s, welcome my good countrex men, and huiingU intcrU'iiied vs, and at our tie- laniire Iroin him, he gaue vs two ^hillings, ami said, SerueCiod, f.r tn morrow ! iuipc \i \all be as free as ciier \on were; We ail i,'aue him tliankes and so departei Th e next dav in the liii"; \er\ ear]\, the Kin" h.iii ■ f tl leir comMiint sent Word to the keeper, that none of the Kngli-hnien (meanini; oi r lompanv) siuui'd gor rs, ;ind diinaunded ol .rkc Then he hcnt for Master H.nton and llie other Cominiss the S3' le Master IJ.irton his mes-age: the Iii-lice an-wered, that the great Turke hi- Si reiiiue had sent them \nto him, signil\ing that he w; led that a certaine V, shippe, called the lesus, was bv hiin the saiile king coiihseated. about twelue moneihs siiu i aiul nowc my saide Soiicrcigne hath here sent his especial! commi-sion bv ; .s vnto you, fi: ihe deliuerantc of the saide sjiipjjc anil griods, and al-o the free liberlie and dcliuerance < the Tho. Sanrtcrs. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 31S llic lio^lislimpii of the snmc Nliippr, whom you haiic taken and kept in cnptiiiilie. Ami I'lir- tlicrtlie ^amc liislico saiile, I am aiiihori/ed hy my sa\d Moiicraij;ne the great Tiirkc to see it (Innc: Ami tliercfore I commaiind yon by vertnc of this comminsion, presently to make re- stitution of the premisses or the vahic thereof: and so did the Listiees jleliucr vnto ti>e KinKxh«nn|iiihm«i' the ;;reat Turkes commission to the ellect aforesaide, whitli eommission the king with afi «i««"ii. obedience reteined: and after the perusing of the same, he foorthwith eommande«ri«a to his children ami (Jlliers aloies.ndc. I'irst when wee were made bondmen, l)emg the second ihe King and hi» HI. the king had .'{0(>. rapiiues, and before the moneth was expired, there '""''''■ (lied of them of the i)lagiie I.JO. .\nd whereas there were 'iO. men of our com|)any, of uhoin two were hanged, and one died the same day that wee were made bondslaues: that present moneth there died nine more of our comi)any of the plague, and other two were forced to tiirne Turkes as before is rehearsed: anci on the fourth day of Iiine next following the king lost I jO camels, which were taken from him by the wilde Mnores: and on the 2S. The king lott day <'f the saide moneth of lune, one (ielVrey -Maltese, a renegado of Malta, rannc away to '^°' 'j''"'''' his countrey, and stole a Hrigan.i\e more were commaunded to burie her, skinne, shoes and all, which we did. And about three moneths after our deliuerie, M.ister Harton, with all the residue of his company, de- parted from Tripoli to Zaiite, in a vessell, called a Setlea, of one Marcus .Segooriis, who (hsclt in Zaiile, and after our arriual at Z.mte we remained lifiecne daycs there aboordc our vessell, before wee coulde haue I'latego (that is, Icaue to come a shoare) beciiiise the plague was in that |>lai'e, i'rom whence wee (ame: aiul alx ut three daves after ue came a shoare, thillier c.ime another Settea of .Marseils bound for Constantinople. Then did Afasfer Barton,.,. - , ,. and Ins < oinpany, witli two more ol oiir lompany, shippe tliemseliies as passengers in the mm iim-rrd lo same Settea, and went to Constantinople. But the other nine of vs that remained in Zante. *'''r".T"l?"'''' 1 11' I • I • i * I' I ■ 1 « * ^ uarton. about tliree moneths alter, shipt our seines in a ship ol the said Marcus Segooriis, which tame to Zante, and was bound for Iviigland. In which three moneths, the souldiers of Tri-~ ... , ,..,,,.,. » 1 1 1 , • !■ 1 , Tht souldicn of polie killeil the s.iul king And then the kings sonne, according to the ciistome there, went TiipoUs kii tht lo C'oiHlantinople, to surrender vp all his fathers treasure, good-i, captiues, and concubines, """*■ vnto the great fnike, and looke with liim our saide I'urser Richard Hurges, and lames Smith, and ■ilso the other two Englishmen, which he the said kings soimehnd inl'orced to become Turkes, VOL. II. S .s a« \ f^ >!' :il4 V{)YA(;i;s, NAUKJATIONS, Thi Q. hiiert n:i:i? I f . J'ou OlII'lM ■ I Vtiik't luokf ihr kini; of I'ri- pull* hii galley, antl kiilril t^r kingi i.mi'.c, jiid Jl ihr '1 uiticf in II, ,l')(ilctr41« cJ >ll thrl'liiii. tuiil I'rliitr in iiiimtcr 1(0. n<) \h aforrsavd. And thrv the said 1''ii;;liohMii'n lindin^ now xomr o])|)()rlitnitir, niin ludcd with tlie ('liri'«tiaii c :l|)tilu■^4 whii h wtT<' H"i"J{ *^'''' •h<'m vnlo ('nii>ilaniiiiii|ilc, In in;; in niiiii- brr ahoui one hundred and lillir, In kill tin- kinj;^ sonnc, and all the iiirkos wiudi were aboordc nf the (f.dlr\ , and priiiilv llic ^aidc I'-nelisluni-n cnnucyed vnlo tlu> i4aidi' C'liritilan rapliiie'*, wcaponi lor tli.ii iiurpnstv And when they faino inlo iho maim- Sea, towardi- Cun. «tanlin('|ilr (\|)<)n tlic raitlilull promise (il'ilic vayiidili'nly inid the d '--ia, lliat is, inio llir iniddiNi nl' ilic (iailcy, wlirrc tin- rantin licili, ami \viili ihcir Nwnrdc- ilrawnc, did li^lil against all llic roif>.,ii(i Tiirkcs, aiid lor wanr ol lirlpc cfllir >aidf t'lvi-il:in (•a])liu<'>', wlio laUly brake llioir promises, the said Master llluii- ke(s hov was killcil, ainl ihe Hayd<' lames Smith and our I'lirsser Hii Iiard Hiirnes, aiid ilip oihei- F.iiulislnnan. were taken and bound into iliaine-, tube h.mjjfd at their arriujil in Con. stanfiiiople: ;iiid as the l.orde- »il! was, about two das e- alter, passim; lliroiii^h the unll'i- r | Venice, at an Is! mil (ailed (rphalonia, they nut with two oC the duke nl \Ciiirc his (i,il|,r., whidi tooke that (ialley, and killi'd the kin;;s sonne, an, and the\, with all the residue of the said capliues, had their lihertie, whi( h were in liuinhir !.")(), or thereabouts, and the saide (iiliie, atui all the Turko treasure wa« ronli-c.ited to ili,. vso of the slate ol \'eni(e. .\nd from ihenee our two luiiili-luneii iraueilcd Immeivard 1.^ land, and in Ihi" nieane time we had one nmre of our (ompaiu, which died in /aiile, iml aflerwaid the other ei^ht shipped themselues at Z.uite, in a shijjpe of the Kaid M.irdis Sci;.,. nis, which was bound for Faij^land ; and before we departed iheine, there arriocd the As'Cii. slot), and the (ieor^e nonaiienlnre of I.ondoii in Cepiialoni.i, in a harbour there, lallnl Arro^^osloria, whose Marchaiil-< .ii.'re('d with the Mar( hauls of our shippe, .and so laded al llir man haiulise (if our shippe into the said ships of I.oiulon, who tooke \s ei|;ht in as pas.ci- jjers, and so we came home, and within two nionelhs after our arriuall at London, our v,,.,! Purser Richard Hur^es, ami his tellow came home aUo : lor the which we are bound to praise Almi^hlie God, durini; on- 'iues, and as dueiie bindeth vs, to prav for the preseruation uj our most ;;raci(ius (lueene, for the u'reat tare lyr .M.iiestic had ouer \s, her poore SubiecN. in seeking and procuring of our deliuenni e aloresaide: and also for her honourable priiiic Cf'ninsell, and I especiail for the pros|)(rilie and i{ood estate of the house of the late (lece.iscil, the ri;;ht honourable the Farle of Hedford, whose honour I must conlcsse, most diligcntiv at the suite o!' my father now departed, traueiled herein ; for llie which I rest continualU bounden to him, who«e soule I diaibt not, but is already in the heaiiens in iov, with ilir Almijjhiie, vnt" which place he vouchsafe to l)rinjj \s all, that for our sinues sulUred inosi \ile u\h\ shameful death vpoii the CVosse, there to line |K'r|)etuailv world without emic, Amen. The (iiieenes letters to the 'I'lirke IJSI. for the restitution of the shippe (.liled the lesus, and the Iai};lish (ajitiues detained in Trijxilie in Uarbarie, and forccrtainc other prisoners in Arjjicr. EMZARKTHA, Dei ter maxinii & vnici c(rli ternetpie eondiioris jjratia, .An^iia-, T'r'.iui.T, & Hiberni.e Henina. lidei C'lirisliaiiie conira omncs omnium inter Cluisii.nios degeninin ('hri-ti(pie nonien f.d>('i prolilenliuni idololatrias, inuit ti-sima i^c |)olenlissima deleusatri> : auf^nstissimo, inuiciissim(')(|ue prim ipi, Ziiltan Miirad Can, Musulmaniri rejjni dominalori potentissimo, im])erij(|ue Orientis Monarchie, supra oinnes soli iV supremo salutein, & mul- los cum siwnina ruum ()|)timarinn adiuentia fu-lices & lortiuiatos annos. Aujjustisftinie " potentissime liti[)erator, biennio i iin perai to, ad C.esaream vestraiii Maies- tatem scri|)sini dilcctus nosier famulus (juiiielmus llar.'bornus, \ir ornaiissimus pro Ic- );ato no.stru C'c ' -noli, alijs(pie Mu»ulaiaiiici inipcrij ditiui\ibiu<, .subliini vcstru auiliu- rilale 4PC<- The Q. Iclieri. THAIFIQUES, AND DLSCOUr.IlII.S. rifalo riTipcrriiir: nimiil otinin Anuli Niiluliti inwiri iMminrrciun) & iiicrciriinun, in oiniiil)ii<* illli iiriiiiiiKijs cicrccaiil, iini) iniiii'is lilx-ri' (|iiAiii (ialli, I'lilnni, N'cncti, (icriiiaiii, i H'icri<|iio M".tri tdnrcrtli'iali, <|iii \ arias Oiicinit pirtcs pcrauraiit, <(|i('raiii miiiaiiKN, \t iniiliiis ( oni- iiirriijt fiiiiiimi - " ■ /4... ;.i Iiir Oiinix fiiiH ()(■( iniatc ^iii> lihoraliNsinit; iiidulscril, lacorp m " pntuiimi-', (piin cpias nia\iin:is aniniiH rmslcr rapcTo iidicxl ^raliat, cd nomine a;;rrrmii'« •iiicranli'i li'ir, \l liiri insiitula (omiiicri icrdm ratio maviinaii vtililat*''*, t*^' roinniixla \(rin(|Uc, lam in imprrij \cstri ililicmrs, ipiani rrj roi>aniUM, vl pt-r I,c>raliiin niwlrinn (•(jrnm ( an<i dintissinii' ini'olinnest thin>;s. Mo-t noble and puissant I'.niper.inr, alioiit t\%o \eeres nowe passed, wee wrote vnto your Impcriall Maie-lie, that oiir wcllieloiied seriiant, NViHi.nn Ilareborne, a man ()rj;reat reputa- limi and honour, mi|;ht be n'< ciiied \nder voiir hijj;h authoritie, for our Vnibassailoiir in Con- stantinople, and oilier pl.iies, \nder the obedience of your Kmpire of Mu^iilman: And also that the Knijiishmeii, bein;; our Siibiecls, mi;iht exercise entercour^e and marihandi/e in all those I'rouinc es, no lesse freely then the French, I'olonians, X'enetian", (iermanes, and other your confederals, whii h traiicile thninijh diners of the l^.i^t parts: \i\denotirinj; that iiv nui- tiiall tralicjuc, the Kasi ina\ lie io\ ned arul knit to the West Which priuileges, when .H your mo-i puissant Maiesiie. I>v \ our letters and yiuler vour dispensation most liberallv anil fauourably ^jranted to our Siibiects of I'in^land, wee eouiil no lesse doe, but in that re-'i)ect nine you as j^reat thankee, i^ mir heart could ( onceiiie, trusi- ini; that it wil come to passc, that this order of tr.itic|iie. - i well ordeined, will briii^' with it selfe most ^reai prohts and cciininodities to boiii side ^. as well to the parlies subiert to your Umpire, as to the I'rouinces of our kiii;;dome. Which ihinj; that it may be done in plaine and ellectuall maiier, whereas some of our Siiliiects of late at Tripolis in Darbarie, and ..t Ari^ier, were by the inhabitants of those places - lieiii;; perhaps ij^noranl of your i)leasuri') (iiili intrealcd and );rieuoush \execl, wee doe frieiulK and louinnlv desire your Imperial Ma- ic'siie, that \(ii will Midersiaiid their causes l> in.iundenic'iil to the I. ieuleiianls and Preside- Anibassadour, and afterward i;iue com- thosc- I'rouinces, that our people may heiice- lorth freely, without any yjolenre, or iniiirie, iraueile. and do their businessc in those places And we auaine with all endeuoiir, shall stiulie to perlorme all those ihinns, which we shall in any wise Mulerstand to be accej)tuhl< to your Imperiall Maiesiie, which (iocl, the onely iii;ikcr of the world, most best and mist >,real. Ion-; keepe in health, and tlourishinj;. (iiuen in our pallaicc at London, the lift day of the moneth of September, in the ycere of Itsvs Ciimsr our Saiiiour, I.■>^i. And of our rai"ne, the 'ii\. S Th i\rt > 11 J« l« S0. .« til. .^Ly '<■,': I •A f 1 Hi ''I iiii U" 'i. i lli^ I .Ml * 1^) ^■-^^1*1^ ^'f S16 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Turks mandate. The Turkes letter to the King of Tripolis in Barbaric, commanding the restitution of an English ship, called the lestis, with the men, and goods, sent from Con- stantinople, by Mahomet Beg, a lusticc uf the Great Turkes, and an English Gentleman, called Master Edward Barton. Anno I5&1. Honourable, and worthy Bassa Romadan Beglerbcg, most wise and prudent fudge of the West Tripolis, wee wish the ende of all thy enterprises happic, and prosperous. By these our highncssc letters, wee certifie thee, that the right honourable, William Harcborne, Am- bassadour in our most famous Porch, for the most excellent Qucenes Maiestie of England, in person, and by letters hath certified our highnesse, that a certaine shippc, with all her liirni- ture, and artillcric, worth two thousand duckets, arriuing in the port of Tripolis, and cIn- chargcd of her lading and marchandize, paide our custome according to order, and againe, the marchaiits laded their shippe with oylc, which by constnint they were iiiforced to buy of you, h.k- rurks mandate. M. Harh. letter. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 317 \ in the ende of non rrtornaua, qiiando da vostra magnifica Signoria gli era mandate. La morte del detto tristo Frnnresc approiiiamo como cosa benFatta. Ma al contrario, done lei ha confiitcato la delta naue e inrrcanfia en essa, & fatto sciaui li marinari, como cosa molto contraria a li pri- llilc&;ij (lal Grnn Signer qiinttro aniii pnn.iati cvllll.c^ni, 6c <^a iiui 1.1111(11 iiiuli Ui jjaitc Uc la Oc- reniWima Magesfa d'liigiltcrra nostra pafroiia, e molto contraria a la liga del detto Gran Signor, il quale esscndo dal sopra detto apieno informato, poi ha conccdiito il suo regale mandamento di restitutione, la qiial mandiamo a vostra magnmca Signoria col preaente por- lator Edoardo Barton, nostro Secrttario, & Mahumed Beg, droguemano di sua porta excelsa, EdoardoBinw con altre Ictterc del cxccllentissimo Vizir, & inuictissimo capitan di mar: chiedendo, tanto *^^ '"'"'"' di parte del Gran Signor, quanto di sua Sercnissima Magesta di V. S. M. che gli huomini, onlij, naue col fornimento, daiiari, & tutti altri beni qualconque, da lei & per vestro ordine da g!i nostri tolti siano rt'si a questo mio Secrctario liberamente scnza cmpacho alcuno, como il Gran Signor da sua gratia noi ha conceduto, spccialmentc per esser detti oglij comprati per ordine di sua Screnissima Magesta, per prouisione delta Corte sua. II qual non facendo, protesiiamo pcrqucsta nostra al incontra di esso tutti futuri danni chc puono succedcre per qucsta cagioiie, como aulhore di quclli, contrario il la Santa liga giurata de li duoi Rei, pa- troiii nostri, como per li i>riuilegij, che lei mostrera il nostro, consta : per obseruatione de gli <)uali noi stiamo di fermo en qucsta excelsa Porta. Et cosi responderete nel altro mondo al solo Iddio, & qua al Gran Signor questo massimo peccato commesso da lei al incontra di tanti poueracchi, rhc per quesia crudclta sono in parte morti, in parte rctenuti da esso en duro catliuerio. Al contrario, piacendo lei cuifar questo incommodo & restarcene en gratia del Signor Iddio, & li nostri palrnni, amichcuolmcnte, (como conuicn A par vostro di mos- trarsi prudente gouernalore, & (idcl seruitor al patrono) ad impirctc questa nostra giustissima domanda, per poter resultarui I'l grand honore c& commodo per la tratta di niarchantia, che faronno a ladiicnirc li nostri in quolla vostra prouinria. Li quali generalmente, tanto quelli, como tiitii altri chc nel mar riscontraretc, siano, secondo che manda il Grand Signor, de vostra Signoria magnidca amichcuolmente rccoiti & receuuti : Et noi non mancharemo al ilcbiio di ottimo amito en cjualconche occurrenza vostra, piacendo lei amicitia nostra, como (IcsidiTamo. II Signir Iddio lei conceda (adimpiendo qne>ta nostra giusta rechiesta, per cauar noidi piu futura i'atica in questo ncgocio, & lei di disgratia) ogni vera felicity, & supremo lionore. Data in palazzo nostro che fu da Rapamat apprcsso Pera di 15. di Genero 1585. II Ambassiatore de la Majesta Sercnissima d'Ingilterra, amico de vostra Signoria magnifica, piacendo lei. The same in English. Right honourable Lord, it hath bene signified vnto vs by diners letters, what hath fallen out, concerning a certaine shippe of ours, called the lesus, into which, for the hclpc of Ri- chard Slsegs, one of our Marchants in the same, nowe deceased, there was admittcil ,1 cer- taine Frenchman called Romaine Sonnings, which for his ill behaniour, according to his de- serts, seeking to cary away with him another Frenchman, which was indebted to certaine of yonr people, without paying his cieditonrs, was hanged by sentence of iustice, together with Andrew Dier, the Master of the said ship, who simply and without fraiidc, giuing crcdite to the .said Frenchman, without any knowledge of his euil fart, did not returne when hee was romniaundcd, by ynur honourable Lordship. The death of the saide lewde Frenchman we a])proue as a thing well done, but contrarywise, whereas your Lordship hath confiscated the said ship with the goods therein, and hath made slaues of the Mariners, as a thing altogether contrary to the priuileges of the Grand Signior, granted fourc yceres since, and confirmed by vs on the bclialle of the most excellent the Queenes Maicstie of England our Mystresse, and altogether contrary to the league of the saide Grand Signior, who being fully informed of the aforesaid cause, hath granted vnto vs his royall commandcment of restitution, which we send vnto your honourable Lordship, by the present bearer Edward Barton our Sccrctarie, and Mahomet Beg, one of the lutitices of his stately Court, with other letters of the most excellent ;i * *!l i^i MS VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, J\I. lien. AuHtdl \.\\ iJr I'M Ml H.n'.Mi Hjlbtrf.jr. rxVcIlcnt AHmirall, and most vnliant Captaine of the Sea, requiring your honourable Lord- ship, as \sc\\ on the behalfe of the Grand Sinnior, as of the Queenes most excellent Maics- lie my Nfystrcsse, that the men, ovirs, shipi)o, furniture, monev, and all other sjoods what- >oeuer, t)V vour I^ordshlp, and your order taken IVoiii our men, be • rentorcd vnto this my Sccretarv freely, without delay, as the Grand Signior of his goodnesse hath graunted vnto vs, especially in regard that the same oyles were bought by the commaundcmcnt of our Queenes most exrellcnt Maiesiie, for the prouision of her Court. Which if you performe not, wee protest by these our leters against you, that you are the cause of all the inconueniences which may ensiie vpon this occasion, as the authour thereof, contrary to the holy league sworne by both our Princes, as by the priuilcges, which this our seruant will sliewe you, inav appeare. For the sceinir "f which league performed, wee remaine here as Ligier in this stately Court. And by this mcanes yi u shall answere in another world vnio God alone, and in this world \ nlo the Grar.d Signior, for this hainous sinne committed by you against so many poorc soules, which by this your cruelty are in part dead, and in part detained by you in most mi- senibic raptiuilie. Contrarywise, if it shall please you to auoyd this mischiefe, and to ro- niaiiic in the fauour of Almighty God, and of our Princes, you shall friendly lulfill this nur iust (lemaund ( as it behooueth you to shew your selfe a pnident Gouernour, and faithfull ser- uant \nli) vour Lord) and the same may turne to your great honour, and profife, by the trndc of mart Ivindize, which our men in time to come, may vsc in that gouernment of vours . which generally, as well those ])oore men, as all others, which you shall meete at the sen, ought to be according to the commandement of the tJraiH Signior, friendly entertained .iiul receiucd of your honourable lordship, and we will not faile in the dueties of a spn iall friend, whcnsoeucr you shall haue occasion to vse vs, as we desire. Almighty God gr.iiit vnto vour Lordship (in tiie fulfdliiig of this our iust request, whereby wee may be deliucred from further trouble in this matter, and your selfe from further displeasure) all true Icliciiip, .iiid increase of honour. Giuen in our Pallace from Rapamat in Pera, the 1.5. of lanuarie I.-jS,"). The voyai;e of Master Henry Austell by Venice and thence to Hagusa ouer land, and so to Constantinople : and from thence by Moldauia, Polonia, Silesia and (iermanic to Hamburg, <.^'c. Tile 9. of lune we tooke shipping at Harewich and the next d.iy landed at the Ranickim in the Isle of Walchereii with very stormy weather, and that night went to Middleburcli in the same Island. The Iwelft we tooke shipping for Holland, and the 1.'?. we landed at Schiedam: and the same day went to Delft l>v boat, and so that night to the Ilage. The 17. we tooke shippin;^ at Amsterdam, and the 18. we 1 mded at Enckhuysen. The 19. we tooke shij)ping and by the Ziiydersee we passed that day the Vlie, and so into the maine sea ; .\nd the next day we entrcd into the riticr of Hamburg called the Elbe. Thr yi. we came to anker in the same riuer befnre a lownc of the bishop of Breine cillcd 'itade.n, where they pav a certaine toll, and specially for wine, and so that night wee l.iiidcd It Hainbtirij, where wc stavdc three daves. The 'il. wee ilepartcd iVom Hamburg in the company of Edward Parish Marrhant, and .'lal (lav wee baited at Wyntson, and so ouer the heathcs we left Lunenburg on the left hand, and trauailc'l all that night. The '^5. wt met with Master Suidcrs vpon the heathcs. and passeil by a towiie of thcdukp of Lunenborg called Clelllierne, and from thcn< e through many vvaters, wee lay that nii;ht within an I!iiglish mile of Brunswig. The ^7. we lay at Ilalber-tat, which is a great townc subiecl to the bishop of ilint towne. The 28. we baited at Erinsleiben . and (here wee entrcd into the duke of Saxon his roiin- trey: and the same night wc lay at a town called Eislcben, where Martine Luther was borne. The *'/ \ lien. AmicU )iirable Lord- •ellent Maics- r goods what- vnto this my unfed vnto vs, fourQiiecncs >rme not, wee ■nienr es which ;iie sworne by may appearc. stately Court. i in this world io many pnorc 311 in most mi. i*fe, and to rc- riiinil this ntir 1(1 railhriili srr- r, by the trnde lent of vours . •ete at the son, ■ntertained and ?s of a spec iail jhiy God gr.ini y 1)0 deiiiierrd II true Iciiiiijp, inuaric l,")8,V nucr land, iilesia and t the Rainrkim llcburch in the edam : and tlie iiysen. lie, and so into the Elbe, if Breitie <:dlcd jjht wee l.iiidcd \farrhapt, and 1 the left hand. viie of the diiko :• lav that nii;li! bishop of that laxon his roun- iie Luther was The Hen. Austell. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. Tii^ 29. we passed by Mansfield, where there are many Copper mines: and so that night went to Neuburg vpon the riuer of Sala; and at that time there was a great faire. The 30. we baited at a proper tuwne called lena vpon the same riuer, and the same night wee lay at Cone vpon that riuer. The first of July we baited at Salfeld: and the same day we entred first into the great woods of firrc trees, and that night to Greuandal. The second to dinner to Neustat. The 3. day to dinner at Bamberg: and before wee came to the towne wee passed the ruier of Mayne that runneth towards Arnfurt, and that night to Forchaim. The •t. we came to Nurcnberg, and there stayed two dayes. The G. to bed to Blayfield. The 7. we p'ssed without Weissenburg to dinner at Monhaim^ and that night we passed the riuer of Danubius at Tonewertd, and so to bed to Nurendof. The 8. we came to Augspurg, otherwise called Augusta, vpon the riuer of Lech. The 9. we lav at Landsberg vpon the said riuer, in the duke of Bauars countrey. The 10. to dinner at Suanego, and that night to Ilaniber against the mountaines, where the small toycs be made. The II. to dinner to Parcberk, 8c that night to Scfelt in the Archduke of Austria his countrey. The 12. to dinner at Inspruck, & that night to bed at Landeck, where there is a toll, and it is the place where Charles the lift and his brother Fcrc'-'iand did meet. And there is a table of brasse with Latine letters in memorie thereof. The 13. we passed by Siizen, and dined at Prisena, and so that night to Clusen. The 14. to dinner at Bolsan and to bed at Neumark, and by the way we passed the danger- ous place, where so many miirthcrs haue bene committed. The l;>. to dinner at Trent: That day we entred the borders of Italy, that night to l.enigo. The ir>. to dinner at Grigno, where the last toll of the Emperour is: and so we came by Chursa, which is a sireight passage. And the keeper thereof is drawne vp by a cord into his hoide. And that night we went to Capana to bed in the countrey of the Venetians. The 17, to dinner at castle Franco: by the way wc stayed at Taruiso, and there tooke corhe, and that night came to Mestre to bed. The 18. in the morning we came to Venice, and there we stayed 15. dayes. In which time the duke of Venice called Nicholas de Ponte died, and we saw his burial. The Sena- tors were continually shut vp together, a.s the maner is, to chuse a newe duke, which wa.s not yet chosen when wc departed from thence. Tiie 2. of August at night wee did emb.irkc our selues vpon the Frigate of Cattaro, an haiicn necre Kagusa. The .3. wc came to a towne in I«tria called Citta noua. The 4. we came to Parenzo, and so that night to Forcera of the bishop. The b. we p.isse(l b' Rouijfno: and a litle beyond we met with 3. Cialies of the Vene- tians: we passed in the sight of Pola; and the same day passed the gulfe that parteth Isiria Iron) Dalinatia. The 6. of August we came to Zara in Dalmatia, a strong towne of the Venetians : and so t!ial niiiht to Srhenko, which standeth in a marueilous goodly hauen, with a strong castle at till' entrie thereof. [he 7. we came to I.e/ina, and went not on shoorc, but Iraueiled all night. The 8. we passed by a very wel seated towne called Carzola, which standeth in an island (if that name. The 'J. in the morning betimes we landed at Ragusa, and there stauii three dales, where we found many friendlv gentlemen. The 1 1, being prouided of a lanizarie we departed from Ragusa in the comjjany of halfe a dosen Marchants of that towne; and within 6. miles we entred into the countrey of Seruia. So 319 Copper Minei. leni* Grriit wood nt firrc tr-tb. fiambet;. Niirenbeij. •V The borders of Italy. Rigui.-)- A . ' ■'^^ ' / I: M i : i ■ Hi •I' hf-J' i. MM ChiHnisi. Ill, •Fochij. Nou'iliJiar. Or, Nifsj. Pn>li|i'o|K>li. Alliluil01'0li4, iSihiieri. Cunstlntinoi'U. Po:nif)s piller. Proui<. V»M. Or, Moldiuii. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Hen. AmkU. .So trauailin;» in barren and cragp;ie mountaines for the space of foure dayes, wee came by a small Towne of the Turkes called Chiernisa, being the 14. of the moneth; and there wcc parted from the Marchants. The 16. we dined in a Cauarsara in aTowne called Focea, being then greatly infected with the plague. The 17. we lay by a Towne called Taslizea. Tiie 20. we came to Nouibazar. The 21. we parted fro thence, trauailing stil in a countrey very ill inhabited, & lying in i fields. The 22. we passed within sight of Nicea. The 2.'i. we p.nssed in sight of another towne called Circiii: and about those places wee began to Icaiic the mountaines, and to enter into a very faire and fertile countrey, but a.. cuill inhabited as the other, or worse. The 27. we came to Sophia, where wee stayed three dayes, being our lanizaries home: and by good chance we lay in a Marchants house of Kagusa, that came in company with v.., from Nouibazar; and also wee had in company, euer since wee came from Focea, a Turke which was a very good fellow, and he kept company with vs till we came very neere Con- stantinople. The lirst of September we came to Philippopoli. which secmeth to be an ancient towne, and standeth vpon the riuer of Stanuch. The 4. we came to Andrinopoli, a very great and ancient lowne, which standeth in a nciv large and ch,-impion countrey, and there the great Turks mother doth lye, being a place, where tlic Empcrours of the Turkes were wont to lye very much. The 5. we lay in one of the great Cauarzaras, that were built by Mahomet Bassha with >.> many goodly commodities. The 6. we lay in another of them. The 8. we came to Siiiucri, which by report was the last towne that remained Christian. The 9. of September wee arriued at the great and most stalely Citie of Constantindplc, which for the situation and proudc seate thereof, for the beaulifull and commodious haiieiis, and for the great and sumptuous buildings of their Temples, which they call Moschea, is tu be preferred before all the Cities of Europe. And there the Emperour of the Turkes thru lining, whose name was Amurat, kept his Court and residence, in a marueilous goodly pl.ncc, with diners gardens and houses of pleasure, which is at the least two English miles in com- passe, and the three parts thereof ioyne vpon the sea: and on the Northe.ist part of the Citie on the other side of the water oner against the Citie is the Towne of Pcra, where the most part of the Christians do lye. And there also wee did lye. And on the North nan of the saide Towne is the Arsenal, where the Galies are built and doe remaine: And on ilie Southside is all the Ordinance, artilcrie, and houses of munition. Note that by the wav :h wee came from Kajjusa to Constantinople, wee left on our right hand the Countrcys of Al- bania, and Macedoni.1, and on the left hande the c(dania, where Peter the Vayuoda prince of that Coimtrcy kecpeth his residence, of whom wee rcrciiied great courtcsie, and of the gentlemen of his Court : .And he caused vs to be safe conducted throu^^h his .said Couii- trev, and conuejed without coste. the 17. we came to Stcpanitze. The l{>. we came to Zotschen, which is the last towne of Bogdania vpon the riuer of Neis- tcr, that partcth the said countrcy from Podolia. The 'iO. we pnsscd 'lie riuer of Nyestcr and came to Cainycnci/ in the counlrey of Podolia, subicrt til the king of Poland: this is one of the strongest Towncs by nature and situation that can be scene. The 'il. we came to Skala. The 2'i. to Slot hone, or Sloczow. The 2+. to Lcopoiis which is in Russia alba, and so is the most part of the countrey be- twixt Camvenct/ and it. And it is a towne very well built, well gouerned, full of tratique ami plentiful!: and there we stayed (iue d:\yes. The .'{(). we bailed at (irixlecz, and that night at Vilna. The .'{l. we dined at Mostiska. and that night at Rodmena. The (irst of Noucmber in the morning before day wee passed without the Towne of laros- law, where they sa\ is one of the greatest faires in all Poland and chiefly of horses, and that jiight to Hdsdnoska. The second to diner at r.anczut, at night to Relsbou. The fhinle to Scnd\i/.()w, at night to Tarnow, and that tiigiit wee melte with the Palatine Laski. The fourth to Vonucz, and ih it night tn IJrytska. The (ifl to Ktihena. The rt. to Cracoui,! the princip:ill Ciiic of all Piil.md: at whith lime the King was gone to Liuiania: for he doetli m;ike hi^ reside nee o:,e \ cere in Poland, and the other in Litnania. C"rar( uia slancleth on llic riuer of Vistula. The 1). wee ilep.irled from {'r.icouia, and that night wee came to a village hard bv a Towne calicil llkusi h, where the leaclc .Mines arc. The 10. wee passed by a Towne called Slawkow: where there are aUo leade Mines, and b.iiicd that day at Bend/in, which is the last towne of Poland towards Silesia; and there is ••1 toil. Nolo that all the C"i I ■ ml} IM \uj 1; : ■I , J ! ii/ ^ii lit Mir ■# ■ 823 Magdeburg. Lvitifiibitrc. Hamburg- VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Tho. Foshr. The 21. we pas!taved ei^ht daves for passage. The lifih of lanuary we tocke shipping. The *. we laiuUil at Gr.iuc--cnd, ,inil so that ni'.;hl at London VNitli llie helpc of ahni:;hiic God. The Turkes p.is^cpori or -alVci lukic' for Cajilaine .Xiistcli, and laconio Maniichio. KNow thou which art Voyuod.i of Bogdania, 8t X'alachia, & other our olliicrs abidini; nml (l\Neliing on the way by \Nhicli men ((iniinonlv |(a>se into Bog(l,ini.i, and \'al.iihia, that the Emba^-ador of England li.mint; two iMiLili-.!! gentlemen de-^irous to dcp^irt for I/iniaiul, t!u one named llenr\ Aiistel, and the otluT lai'oino ile Maniuhio, rc(|U(>ie(l our lii;j;iines..c U't- ters of Safeconduci to |),i»>e through nur dominions \\itli one scniant to altcnde on tluni Wherefore wee siraighllv charge von and all other c'lir -eruants bv whomlhev shall pis^c that hailing reciined lliis our c nmm.inilemeiit, \ou haue diligent can- and regard that ihrv may haiie ])rciuided for them in this their ioiirney ^ for their mone\ ) all siuh necessary ])in. iiision as shalbe necessary fr themschus and their horses, in such sort as they niav iiuie no eau-e hercifter to complaine of you .\ncl if bv channce they come \nlo an\ place-, \nIhti' they shal stand in feare either of their per-ons nr i^inn]-, that thcii \(mi earefullv i aii-e them to bee guarded with your men. and to be cimducteil tlndiii;h all suspec ted plai c-, with sutFic lent company : But haue Lireat reg.ird that the\ comie\ not out of our countrc'\ anv of our seriiiceabic horses. Oliev our coinmandenti lit, and giue creditc to this lur S,ale. A I'asicport of the E.irle .if Leicester for I'hnmas I'wster gentleman irau.iiling to ('iiiisianlinn|)le, UObertiis Comes I.eii estri,e, b.iro de j)eiibi;;h, ordinmn (iarterij & .Sancti .\Iic haelis cc|iics auratus, Sereiiissiniie Rcyiii,L' Annli.e a Sec retioribus coiisilijs, & magister ccpioriim, diiv k capitant'us gcneralis e.xercitcis eiusdem Bi giie maie.siaii.s in' liel);io, & jiubernator geneia!is Hnllandiie, Zelaiidiu', & jjrouineiarum Miit,inim & assoc i,ilarnin, ominbus ad cpicis pra'sciitcs liter.e peruenerint, saliitem. Ciim lalor pra'.enliuiii Tlioiuas I-'osti-r riobilis An^liis in c e- sarijs de rausis hinc Coiistantinopojim pinfectiiriis sit, & inde ad iios cpiant,i \to\c>[ < elerilalc reiicrsurus: jjetimus ab omnibus Sc singulis Henibus, priiuipibus, nobilibu.s, magistral!! i,-. \ al.j-, The pihr. to Mecca. TRAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES. & alijs inaiidcnt & pprmiftaiit jlicto Thomoj cum diiobns famnlin lilicrum transitnm per roniin ditiones & tcrritoria sine detentionc aiit impedimento iniusto, & prniiidcri sibr de nercsHarijr* iiisfiim prcciiim rcddenti, ac alilcr coniienientcr & humaniler frartari, vt occa- sioncs ciiis ciiiuli & rednnidi requircnt: Siciit nos Maiestates, Serenitatcs, Celsitudinc!), 8c ddmiiKitioiies vcstra? paratos imicnictis, vt vestratibus in similibiis casibus gratiirn Himiliter (aciaimi-i. Daliiin in estris ndstris Diiisburjfi, decinio die Scptembris, anno 1586. stylo veteri. A dcsrriplion of the yecrely voya£>e or pilas woriliv in all his enterprises, so likewise in building hereof be did a worke worthy of hinisclfe, naming it after his owne name. This Citie hath one defect, for it is subi<'i t to an euill ayre, which onely pn'ceedeth of that hollownessc vnderneatii, out of the uhicli issuclli inliniie moisture: and that this is true the ayre without doth euidently testifie, which is more subtile ai'.d holesome then lh:it beneath. The waters hereof Ije salt, bv re:ison that the -oile of it sclfe is likewise so. .\nd therefore the inhabitants, at such time as the riucr N'lhis llowcth, are accii-.tonic(l to open a great ditch, the head wherof evtendeth into the -aid riucr, and from theme i'-i'\ conueigh the same within halfe a mile of .Mexandria, and -o ciinsc(piently b\ meaiies of conduct-pipes the w:iier commeth vnto the cesternes of Alexandria, which being full seme the citie from one inuiulation to another. Within the ciiie is a I'yramide nieniiiincd of in Histories, but nut of great importance. Without the citie is l.a culonna di I'oinpeio, or the pillar of I'ompey, being of such heii;ht and thick- ncsse, tliat it is su|)po»ed there is not the like in the wLole world besides. Within the citic there is nothing of im|)"rtance saue a liile cattle which is i^uanled with i>rtes, one towardes liosscllo, another to the land ward, & the third to the sea ward, which is called Halielbar, without uhi( li ap])eareth a broad llanil called (Jhc- -\r,\ in the Moores toiii-'iie, which is not wholv an Hand, because a litle point or corner thereof toucheth the linne lande, and therelore nia\ be c:dled Peninsul:i, th;il is to snv, al- n)osl an Hand. Hereupon are builded main houses of the lewes, in respect of the aire. This I'eniiisula is situ:ile belw<'ene two \erv gond ports, (i|ie <ortance, and j;u.M(led but with lifteene men or thereabouts. On the oilier side of this ll:i;ul is t!ie other cilled I'he new port, which name is not viilillv ginen vnto it, for that in all mens iudi'e- ineiil in tinier |i:is| there hath not beene wntir there, beciiuse in tiie inidsf of this port, wiiere the w:iter is \er\ dee|)e, th»'re are disi o'cri'd and lound great scuulrhres and other liuildings, out of the whi( h are daylv digLjed uit'i en;;ines lispar and I'orphvrie stones of grc;il value, of the whicli great sti^re .ire sent to Constantinople for the ornament (T the Mesquilas or Turkish feinples, and of other buil(lio!<:s of the firand Signior. Into this port inter ,ill such \ess(U ,is tralVupie to this phice. fhis port hath on ech side a castle, wliercid' ■f I 'i that 3^1 •;•' fl m\ A %i U(\ im VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Tlie pilgr. to Mecca. fittli .111 liodle 11 [r.iti^tii', .o the SulvatJ' Bichicr. Uo!«ttu. (hat vpon the Pciiin-iiila is called Faraoiic, vpon the lop|ie whcrcol" curry iiijjiu ilicro is a lijjht set in a j>rcat lantcrne for direction of the ships, and for the guard iherioi' arc ap- piiintcd iJlK) laiii/.aries: the other on the other side is but a litie castle kept In IS men. h is certainc, that this hauen of Alexandria is one of the chiefest iiaucns in tin- world: lor hither ci nic to trallique people of eiiery Nation, and all sorts of vessels which n^c round about the citie. It is more inhabited by stranjjers, marchants, and Christians, then h\ men ol the countrey which arc but a few in number. Within the cilic arc line Fontechi, that !■, 'to snv, one of the rrenrhmcn, where the Consul is resident, I'v this is the I'airc-t and nidNi conunodious of all the rest. Of the other Ibure, two belong to the \'cncii:ins, one ti> tlie Ha-iisi.ins, and the fourth to ilie Cienouescs. And all strangers uhidi come to tral1it)ii(' there, e\ce]it the Venetians, are vnder the I'rench Considl. It is also to be vmlcr- stood, ih;it all ihe Christians dwell within their Fontechi, and euery euiiiinj; at tiic L^oini; downe of the simnc, they which are appointed for that odiie <;oe about and shut all the nates of the saide Fontechi outward, and the Christians shut the same within: and so likewise they doe on the Friday (which is the Moores and the Turkcs Sahboth) till ilu-ir deuotions be expired. And by this nicanes all parties are .secure and voide of feare: (or in so doinj; the Christians mav sleepe (juicllv and not feare robbiu};, and ihe Moores neede not doubt whiles they sleepe or ])r:iy, that the Christians should make anv luntult, as in tiiiui past hath ha])pencd. Of the co:i«t of .\le\;ui(lria. ON the side towardes Barbaric alonj;; the sca-cnast for a j;i'eat s|)afe there is founde neither hold, nor any thirij; worthy of nienlion ; but on the oilier sjdc towards S\ ria l.'> miles fnim Alexandria ^landetll :i lille castle c.illcd IVichi<'r kept In liftie Turkcs, which ca-^tle is \crv oldeand weake, and hath a port wlii(h in time- |>.ist was gotnl, but at tiii-. present is vlterK ilecaved and full of sand, so that the vessels which come thither dare not come neere ihc shoare, but ride far otl'into the -ea I'oriie miles further is Uosseiio, which is a litle tnwric without w.dles, and is situ:ite \ pun the b;inke nf Nilus three milc'. from the sc:i, at wliii i' j)la( e mam times iltcv build ships and other vessels, for );oiicrncuicnl whereof is appoinli.l a Sani;Kbe\, without anv other uuard: it is a place of trani(|uc, anil the iidiabilants .ire \tr\ rich, l)iit iKiushlic \arhls ami li.u Iciur-. Furllier dowue aldiii; the .-ca--ide ;ind the riiicr banke is a^ioihcr lille i;i«lle like Mito the ;il)ouesa\de, and bei.iusc the Mi ores IhIccuc, that Me( ca will in sli.,ri liiuc hi' liaiis, tlu\ li. Ide npinion, that the ■.amc bcini: lust shall be rcinii'il in llii-> plai e of Hos.-etto, namciv, that :ill their pravcrs, \owe.s, and pil;irimai;es -lia'l l.r tran-porled In Kossetto, as the relinious (^rdcr of Saint lohn nf the Rhodes is tr;iii-.laled thence to .M.ili:i. I-'urihi r forwarde thiriie miles siaiules another c.isilf of small imp irlalicc (ailed Mnilles, ki'i>l continuallv bv founie Turkcs, which hath a i;iii.(| and >ecure |)ort, in funic like to a \crv ;;rial lake ir poii'li-, wherein is i.iken ureal i|uiii- titie offish, w li^h the\ sail, ai.d llic iii;uclianls of C.indic .md Cyprus i ome thillier I > lj,lc ihc same, niid it is ;;rcalh esteemed, espi'ciallv of ihe Camliols, who hauinj' ureal ahiin- ihiiKC ol'wiiie a.liicitiire .-.br' id to >ceke nie:ile litle for the taste of the s:iv;donie. Also there are two and twenlie Saniatkes, whose olliec isonely to oiicrsce and )j;uarde the kinj;dome for euerv ijood respect. There are also senen thousand Turkes in pay, til wit, three thousand lani/.aries, .ind loure thousand horsemen: The rest of the people Ml Cairo are fur the most |)art marchanis whi( h u'oe and rome, and the remnant are Sloores and other base pe(.ple Abnut two miles from (".liro there is another little Cairo called The iijde Cairo, which coniaineth in circuit liile more then tenne miles, and the better lialfe is not inhabited, but desiroved, whereof I neede not make any other mention, fhe new Cairo answerelli euery \ecre in tribute to the grand Sij;nior, (WKKKH) ducatcs of Isolde, neat and free of all ( har;;cs jrrowing on the same, which money is sent to Constantinople, al)out the line of September, by the way of .Meppo, ab\a\es by lanaid. The sfcund t'ainous inciiument of Cairo is called Nef- lisa, of one Ncfli^a biirird there, \Jiii was a Dame of honour, and mooned by lust, yeelded her body voluntarily without rewnnle, to any that re(|uired the same, and s.-i\de she bestowed li.is ahnes for t!ie loue of her I'rophet Mahomet, ant! liierelnre at this d.iv they adore her. rciiercncc her, and finally liane ( .nioni/ed her Inr a Saint, adirmin^' that shee did many mi- racles. The third is (ailed / luia di'll.i lMMacl::iri, who w.is one lA the foiire Docioi- in the l.iw. The fourth is c.dled Imanisi ialii, wiu're is Iniried Si i.ilij the second Doctor of this law. ()l the oilier two Di'durs one is buried in D.nii.xo, the other in .Meppo. The fill <.V last lainnus nioiMunenl is (Ji.iiKda/.ir. lh.it is, the house ol l.a/ariis: and this is tlu- j;enerall \'ni- iier-^ily ol' the wlui'e kini;doine of V.'j.\ pt. In this place ;\nno l.jtiG in the nioiietli of lanu;iry l)v niislurtnne of lire were burned nine thousand bookcs nl' <;real value, as well for that they were written by hand, as also wroiiLihl so richly v\ilh .L;olde, that they were wortii .'i()0 and •iUU ducats a piece, one with aiii'ther. .\iid lieca\ise it cduld neuer be kiicwen y et hr.w this lire liejjanne, ihcy haue and doe liidde the same fur a mrst sinister aui^iirie, and an cuidcntand inanilest sijjne of their \tter mine. Ihe houses df Cairo wilhiut .ive \er\ laire, & within the j;rcaler number ricldv adorneil with lum^jinsis wrouj;l'.t with j;(dde. laierv ijersi-n which resurteth to this place lor traHicpies sake, is b(.nnd to pay halle a dm kat. e\( ept the uentlemeii Vene- tians, Siotes, and lihatjiisean-, because ihey are Iribntarie to the CIrand Si;;nor. Cairo is ilistant fn m the riuer Nilus a mile and more, beinj; situate on a plaine, .^aue that on the one side it hath a faire little hill, on the lojipe where'd stands a faire castle, but not strong, for that it may be battered on euerv side, but very rich iV lari:e, ci>mpas«cd about with faire fjardens into the which they coMiieiuh water for their necessitie cut i f Niliis, with cert.iinc wheeles tV other like enjfines. 'fbis ma^nilicent citie is adorned with verv fruiifidl f;arilens both pleasant and commodidus, withunal plenty of |)[.ndes ti) water the same. Notwith- standing the great |)leasuies (d" Cairo are in the moneth of .\ugust, when by meaiies of the great raine in I'.iii pia t!ie riiicr Nilns (lui-rlltiweth and watereth all the counirev, and then thc-y open the moiit.i (d"a great ditch, which e.\lendeth into the riuer, and passeth through the midst ol the citie, and entring there are innumerable barkes rowing too and fro laden with iSt6. The drscii|'tion of C^Uu. I I l| U i I ', ».l . 11 .■r'rt VOYAGF.S. NAUFOATIONS, The rilf;r. to Mtrcn. ,U' >■ . ; .1 *r ( , ' » ; '(' ': iv--M^\ willi Kallani girlPH and licaulirull dames, wliiili with >in;;iny:, rating;, drinking and ('(M-iin;', take ihfir solace. I'lie women of lliis counlrev arc must Ijiaiiiiliill, and hoc in rich .iiiiie lic- drrked with jjold, ])retioiis stones, and iewels uf ureat \aliic, Iml chu rdy |)it('iuhc(| uiil, odiiurs. and are verv lil)idin(ius, and the men lilcuixc, Init roiilc and hard f.inonrid. TIk' soiU' is verv fertile and abinulant, the (lesh fat wiiii h they -ell withoni Imncs, their caii(l|,>, thev make nl' the niarnwe of (alteli, because the Moores ntc ihe tallow. They \-c alx. reriaine lille furnaces made of purpose, vnder the which tho\ ni.ike lire, putlini,' into the furnace foure or Due hintdreul llii' cilie ol ('air.'. Without the Citic, sixe miles hii',lier into the land, are to be scene ncere \nli> the riiici (iiiu'rse I'iramidc''. amons; which are three marueilous sjre.ii, and \erv arlilii i.illv wnMinlit Out of one of llu'se are daylv di;;j;ed llu' botiies of auiu icnt nun. not rcllcii, but all whclc, the (ause whereof is the qualitie of the lv{;y|)iian -oile. wliiihwill not dii^ume the llcsh ,,1 nian, but r.ither dry and hanlen the s;une, and >o alwaves ( ci'i> of giants Neare to these piramides a|i]>eareth oiii ofllic sand .1 ureal heail of stone sdinc- whal like marble, which is discouered so farre as ihe mike io\ nclh wilh (he sluiilders, heiii^ all whole, sauinj; that it wantwai(l, but lower than Caiio passcih no such ( reatiin-: aiiil this, ilicv sa\ , is bv reason ol .111 iiu haiilmenl inaile Ion-; since whicli hindereth their passage for commiiii; aiiv lower then Cairo. Moreouer of these cre.itures tin re are si'inetimes foiin,! sonie of an im redihie bijiuessc, tf.al isios.iv, of durtie foot alxiut. The males haue llnir inemb.'rs like to a man, and the females like to n woman. 'I'hese monsters oficniimes i.suc out of the water to feede, and lindin<; any small Ix'ast--, as shcepe, lambes, ;;o:ites, or itlicr like, doe ;;real harme. .\nd whiles ihc\ are fnorlh of the water, if tlie\ happen at xnw.irc- x|)onanv man, woman or childe, whom l!u \ can ouerconie, lhc\ sp.ire n t iheir biies. In the veere of our Lord one thoiis.nul line Inindrul and si\tie il ha])pen(d, that cerlaire pnorc Christians lrauelliii<: bv Cairo lowardes ihe (ountn y of I'rete l.uini to re> make his pravers (as their ( iis|i me is) at a pl.K e called Tana, whom beini; busii' in his double deiiolion one of these Ciocidiles ( ea/ed bv the sh' i,l ders, and drew him \nder w.itcr. so th.it he was neiier alter scene. .\nd lor this caiisr llie\ haue made in simdrv places cert.iiiie hedi;es as bankes within the water, so that betwixt lie hedj^e and banke of the riucr there remainelli so much water, tli.il the women w.ishini; 111. n lake water withotil dan;;i r .it lluir pleasure. Tliis (oiintrcv i> so rrnitfoll, that il ( auscth tl;e women as also other creatures to brinj; foorlh one, two, and oft liiiu's three at ,t birth. l'"iiu' miles soulhwarde of Cairo is a place called M.itare.i, where the balme is relinc rc|)lanle(l ( be il bv \erliie of the so\ |c, or tlie water, aire, ir anv other thiiiix vshatsoeiier) it sullii cth that lure thev beare the true balme ,iiul licoiir so much in these ilayes esteemed of. In this place of Matarea there are tcrlaine litile \\> iit-, with most giH dl\ ^jardens, and a chappell tif antiipiiiy, where the \er\ ,Mot)res ihenisilms allTiiip, llif pilpr. to Mirett. THAFFIQUI'S, AND DISCOl'RIilF.S. AIT iiflirini', tliat the mollicr of (iic Messed (,'hrist Hiving; Crom llic I'lirv nf wicked llcrodc there I her Mell'e witli llu' cliilde, wliciein lli.il s;i\ in;; of ilu- I'nipliet w;is liildlled, V.\ /Iv^vpto s;iiU"i vociiii liliiiin iiHMini. The which ('h.ippcll in the veiin- (iT oiir l.drdc one ihonsand line hun (Ired .mil linn-e, the Mnijiiidco l);iniel lliirbaro lirs( ('(insull ol' ihat phice went to visile, ^ind caused it to he renned and reeditied, so that in these daycs tliere resort thither main Chris- liaiH, who orienlinies l)rin|!; with iheni a I'riest, los.tv masse ilicre AUo aljont an llarTinS«. tncv sav that I'hiiMo was resident. Moreoner three davcs ioiirnev hij>her \ p are two jjreat ia;:i's of speckh'd in rhie, all whole, and s-inewhat suiikc into the earth, beiiif!; things wondcrrull to lonsider (d', for llv.' nose o sp ice fniin one I'arc lo the oilur conteiiu lev their luads, and uraiien in evcellent proportion, so that tin \ are sjupes of mariiellniis lni!;ene^>e, aud the-e ihev c;dl I'lic wife, and The dannhtcr ol' rhar.io, I either is two spaniies and an hall'e lonjj, and the; •ih tenn. spaniies. the bodies beio^' correspondeiu Of llie p.itriarke (d"(ireeci IN Cairo are iwo I'.itriarkes, one of the (ireekes. and am lerof the lac nbiics. 'I'he (ireeke rair.itl xerv ';" .died (ii(.e( liiii, bcinu ahi ill liie a^e of one nniulri il and thirlecne \ ecies, il .iml hoU num. I he\ -ay, thai when SoUlan (i.iuri if Fuvpl reinned, llu re was his niirai It foil oN\ lllli thi id patriarke lii iiii; eniiie nie that he became somewhat pale insight, and so remained iiu rafter. .\nd lliis innai le whith nieritelh to be called no Icsse; was done to the t;real < nnimendalion of tic hol\ I'.ilriaike in the presence of a ihoii- ind persons, and n.imclv of the Soldan of l'!;^\pi secini: 1 he despi^ht of the lewo Mito their owne (o-t and I onfiision compelled ihev.i to make the coiidint. whiih with so IV eiiftines c nnmcth into the casfh' Nihis aboue mentioned .\nd this triumphani I'atriarke not lon.i; sime was aline, and in perfect health, which (j.il (oiitinue loii!; lime. Of 11 e preparation of the C.iroiian to goe to Ml AS toiK hin^ the Caroiiaii which i;oeth to Mecca, it i^^ to be \ndersIll)!,r. to Mecca. rcadic to (Ifjiarl on ilic voyaur : iiiul ihitluT rcnorl a urcat multihidc nl' pooplo from A^ia, CiriM-iii, anil Barliaria to mic on this Mivam', i<(iine inociiicil l)y (lcu(on, and sonic lor lialliniiiN sake, and sunu' In passe awav the tinu-. Nowf wiiliiii tVwc dayrs alter the least tliev wlncli Hoe on tlu' \(iyani' depart oiit of llic lilii' two U'aj;iies vnio a place ealled Kina, wIumc thcv fxpcet the Cipiaiiie of the Caroiian. 'I his plate hath a jjreal pond i inised li\ the inutiiLitJoii of Nihis, and so niaile, that the eaiiiejs ;itid oiliei lie.i«les may drinke the rein: wlu'reul', imiiu'- ly, of Mules, Camels, antl Droniedaries there are at least fortie thousand, and the persons whieli jollovse the Carntian euerie veere ate alioiit lil'iie thousa. d, lewe more «ir lesne, ai cord- in.; to the times, Moreoiier enerv three yeeres they renne the C'apt.iine of the ('aroiiiiii, ealled in t'.ioArahian tongue .\marilla lla^;;i, tiiat is, the Cuptaine of ihe I'ili>rinies. l4i Mluiin theCirand ,Sij;nior niueth euery xoy a^e ei;;hlecne purses, eonteyiiiiif; im( li n| them si\e hun- dred tv\entie and Hue duiales of nolde, ami these he for the hehool'e of ihe Car' u.ui, and .dso to doe almes Mito the needlidl pilnrinies. fhis C.iptaine, hesides other seruinjimen \»hi( li follow him, halh ;dso (oiire Cliau>i tosenie him. Likewise he hath with him for the seeurilii> of the Cirouan I'oiue hundred siiiddiers, louit, two hundred Spai hi or horsemen mounteil on Dromedaries, and two hiiiulred lani/.aries riding \pori Cunels. The Ch.uisi and the Spat in areal the i h.n';;e id' the ('apt, line, hut the lani/arirs not so, for their prouision is maile tlieiii from Cair.i. 'Ihe .Spaelii ki'.mc i.ips or lionnels like to the taps of Serj;eants, hut the laiu- /aries after antiiher si rt, with a lappe lalliiiK downe hehinde like a f'rent h-hooJe, and haiiiii:; bell re a ureal piete of wroimht siluer on iheir heails. 'Ihe ehar^e td' ihi>e is to eaiise the Caruuan to manh in ;;i otl arra\ uhrn m fde retpiireih, ihe.e ire not at the ii inmaiindemiin of any hut oT the Ciptaiiie of the C, iron in Mnreourr the Capl.iine hath lor his >;iiiile eii;lit pilots, the ollit e of whom isaiwav i s si.ijile ,inil lirme from heire to heirr.and these yoeheliir ftliidiii); the C.irouan, antl shew in;; the w.i\, as Leiiij; wt'il lApirlent til in the plai e, and m the nij;ht tin \ iMiuerne them :is liie maiineis, |i\ the staire fhe-e als.i \sc i,, .dule ImI. rr foiire or line men tarvinj; pieees ul drv wooti whirh f;ine lij;lil, herause llu', should not yn- iMil of the wa\, and if at am lime ihroUKh their ill ha|> ihey w.inder asir.iy out of llie w,i\, they are ea-t tlowiie and lieaieii wiihsM ni.iiiv l).i«ioiiaili es xpon the soles of their feele, .\^ serue them for a |)erpetiiall remend)rani e. 'I he < api.iine of the Carouaa halh his l.ieulenaiii acrompanied eonliiiu.dlv with lifleene S|)ai hi, ami he halh the ehart'c to sei the Caronan iii ortler, ami to laiisf them to depart on their ioiirney when netile retpiireih: anil tluriiij; iln- voyajje their i (Tit e is some whiles to u^e lielore with the lnrew;u'ile, snmriimes ti t oine he- hinde with the rerewarti, siunelimes lo ni.iri h on the one sule, and smneliines on the otiui, to sj)y, that the roa>l he i It :ire. I'lie C:iiouaii lariiilii with ilsi\e pin e- of ordinance tli:iweii hv I ^ tamels, which serue lo lerntie llie .Xrahi.ins, as also to make lriiiiii|ih at Meica, .u .1 other plat es. The marchanis which followe itie C.irouan, smce c.rrv for inarch. indise i Inili ol siike, some Corall, some linne, oiiiers wheat, rise, and ;ill sorts nf jjr.iiiie, .Some sell h; the way, some at Mecca, so that vwt\ tme hrinKeih someihinj; In L;,iine hv, hecaiisc all inai- thanilise that ^loelh hv hinil paveth nocustoine, hut that which j;neth hy sea is houiiil to p.n tenne in the hnndreil. The l)ej>iniiinj; of the Noyage. ■file feast hefore l!ic Caroii.in setteth forth, the C.iplaine with resort vnio thf taslie of Cairo het< re the H;L>lia, wliii h I'- ll his reli.'iue Miellt vhio euers man a i anil ofliiers arnuiit,,iiid that of the Captaine is wri'Uj;lil with ;;olde, and llie others are seriied act ordinj; lo their ile;;ree .Moreouer he tkluicrelh v,,lo him j, Clusiia falnahi, whit hsi<;nilii'lh in the .Ar.ihiaii lon;;ne, fhe j;arment of the I'mphd : this vesture is of sijke, wroujjht in the iniil-t with lel- irrs ol );i]|d, whit l> sii{iii|ie: l.a dia ill' alia Malnnnet Kesull.ila : that is to s,i\ , There are nu i;ods but GikI, and his and);u>sadoiir .Mahumet. 'fhis narnient is made i'[ purpose to timer Irom top to hotome a litle house in Men a .stanilini; in the midst of the .Mcs(|uit.i, the whit li house ^thtysay) was builtled hy .Mnaham or hv his sonne Nniael Alter thi.s he ijeliiiert tli lohim .1 f;ate matle ol purpose for the foresaitl house of .\braham wroU};ht all with line ;;okle. and hcinj; ol excellent workmaiishi]). .ic.tl it isjihiiii; oi' great value Itesides, he tlcliuereili «l)Iu The pillar, to Meeea. THAFFKIUKS. AND iJlSCOUEHHiS. vnfo liiin 11 roiicriiiK of Krcpiic vfliirf in;uli' in inaiicr of a pyranii", al out nine p.ilmc* liisrh, and arlKiiiallv wriiiij;lit witli must line ^olilc, and this ih lo cdikt llic toinbi' ol' their prciplict witiiii) Medina, wiiich lonihcis hiiill in manner of a pyraiiiis: anil lif^idiN that ((Muring ihcrc arr lirDiijjhl nian\ olhcrs nl' nnlilc and ftilkc, lur the urnanicnt nf tlic sivdc t' V .'"" thf mullitude cast- ing vpiin the sail! vestures thousands oT '..uilirnll tloWiT" . f ^tixtrs colniir?, A; «>seete water, others bringing towels ilc line cloth touch the ■••Ufu". wriiic'. ciivr aU<:'' duy keepe as relitpics with great renerence. Allerward hauing lelt the ■vtsturi' 1 > the '•l(»'.|iiita, as is al'oresaid, they returne againe into the ( itie, where they reinnine thcoa; <■ < I :iO dayes, -siid then >l:c <'aptainr deparleth will) his lonipanv, and taking the vestui/"-. (';ii i!" the \''v lini'inl of the grand Signior oner the gale, & the other ^ ri|\i tr>al| '•tit- ttaniiiiig nl;ai;e li> I'li'- low the Cuiinaii in this voyage to Mecn. \N I" •• yi ii 'liiall ^T-e e^-iaisiC wmuu''! whicl', ic. tend lo goe on ihis \oiagc accompanii'd v ■•! liieir ;K>r n- ai(i fri. nds if-nn it'd \;:,..n\ '.uii?!-'-., .idorned with so many trsdes, tassels and knot' ll-;'. in bcholdir ilic f^aw J man eai'i; ' t'.:~ I'raine Irom laui;l)ier. The last niglit bel'i.;!- tht ir deparlMi'c \iir\ nn! „■ )!fi?t K-'^tir.;. .11 d triiunph within liie Carouan, with ca*tles niil other in*'!iite (5' ^'.hmo.?' iiri'Vi-r)>e, 'K: 5%ini2atn;.s alw.ives staniling nunid about the tent id' th.c Cuptaine wi'b siici; ihniwirig ,tn.1 ioy, thai on eiicrv side the e.irih ri'Miundeih, and thi. night 1 e; di-.i h'Jtiie tdl their ordinance?, f luri' :)V sixe limes, and alter at the breake of tl"; day vpoii iht- '-ound vi' u k'rutlipet ihey iniifch i'or- ward on their way. What limes the Carouan trauelUlh, and ^yhen ■; resHrh. .W nil infill, IX lll\li .11-1*' i ^ V* t,^M' ■« * , *■-» !.-■ >• IfWIIV .^»l\l, (••■ tJ^\l\-t 1,*V VI ol)serue xntill the ' lul of the \oiage, nencr changing llic simc, except we will hci\;aller spcake, where lor respect of water 'hi-v u'sl :.ofnct and this liiev obserue to refresh ihenjselues, otVcrwisf boll n svinie jij. ccs, v/h'-'reof mes a da a h1 ct nalfts i in.n-. u beast woulo diC. In what order the i' ircnan frauelltth, file mailer and order which the Carouan ohsi-r ;eth 'ii n archi-'j' is ihis. It goeth diiiided iiie iiiaiier ami onier won 11 ine v aroiian ops'.'r ;eiii 'u 11 ariiijn^' is nun. II goein UlUiiieil into three parts, to wil, the forcw.ird, the inaiiic l„i.tell, ;uul iho r.rev.ard. In ihc forcward go the S rilots before with a Chaus, which '-..i'h ourc kiiaiies, tV ech knaue carrieth a sinew of a bul, to the end that if occasion runi retlt, y bastonado may be giuen to such ;wdescrue the same. These knaiies ca-t on'eiulo'.rs dowic, lUriiing vp the soles of their feete m.nde faat loa st.ille, giuing them a per|)r'vi!, ri iiuMnl>rai:ci' for them & the beholders. 'J"hi;i Chaus is .ns the Ca|)'.aine i-f the Ii ■i'vird, which commandelh lights to be c.irricd before when they irauell in the niyht. Also (Lcrt go in tliis foreward G Sunlonc-i with rcdturbanis vpon their VOL. 11. U U heads. I) ' w \ , I ' * , 111 ! " ■ 1--. ■. i I'i"' 1 'l,«SM"ilP( % / r. 1 1 ■ r Wl'iv' j%ii 330 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, r//(,' pilar, to Mecca. heads, & these eat and ride at the cost of the Caplaine of the Carouan. These Santoncs whrn the Carouan arriueth at any good lodging, suddenly after they haiie csoricd the place, cry with an horrible voyce saying, good rhe.irc, good iheare, we are neere to the wished IcHlging. For which good newes the chiefe of the company bestow their beneiiolence vpon tlicm. In thin foreward goeth very neere the third pnrt of the people of the Carouan, behind whom go al- wayes 25 Spachi armed with swords, bowcs & arrowcs to defend them from thiencs. Next vnto the foreward, within a quarter of a mile, foUoweth themaine batlell, and before the same are drawen thestayd sixe pieces of ordinance, with their gunners, and (iftcenc Spachi Archers. And next vnto these commcth theciiiofe physicion, who is an oide man of authoritie, hauiii;; with him many medicines, oyntmcnts, salues, and other like refreshings for t!ic sicke, hauiii'^r also camels with him for the sicke to ride on, which haue no horse nor beast. Next vnio him goeth one Camell alone, the fairest liiat can be found : for with great intlustrio i> sought the greatest and fairest which may be found within the dominions of the Grand Sin-. nior. This camell also is decked with cloth of golde and silke, and caricth a litle chest made of pure Legmamc made in likcnesse of the arke of the oldo Testament : l)iit, as is alxnip- sayd, made of pure Legmame, without golde or any other thing of cost. Within this (lu'«i is the Alcoran all written with great letters of golde, bound betweene two tables of nia>iiilein are found two waters, one called A^iam el Cassap, and the other Map;arraxiaibi, that i> to sav, the riiier of lethro the lather in lawe of Moses, for this is the place mentioned in the second chapter of Exodus, whitlicr it is sayd that .Mrses fledde from the an^cr of Pharao, who would haue killed liini, I)ecaiise hec had slainc the /I'ljryptian, which fought with the Hebrew, in which place stoode the cite of Midian ; and there arc yet the pondes, neere vnto the which Moses sate dow lie. .\iui from that place forward they finde more store of water by the way, ami in more j)laces, though not so good. It is also to bee noted, that in this voiage it is need- fiill and an \suall thing, that the captainc put his hand to his purse, in these places, and be- stow -.Mi'sents, garments, and turbanis v])on certaine of the chicle of the Arabians, to the ende tliey mav giue him and his Carouan, free pas.sage: who also promise, that their followers like- wise shall doe no damage to the Carouan, and bind themselues to accomplish the same, pro- mising also by worde of mouth, that if the Carouan bee robbed, they uill make restitution of such things as are stolh'u : but notwithstanding the Carouan is by them oftentimes damnified, and those which are rubbed haue no other restitution at the Arabians handes then the shew- ing of them a pairc of heeles, tlviug into such places as it is impossible to finde them. Nowe the Carouan continuing her acrustomed iourncys, and hauing passed the abouesayd castles, and others not woorthie nieiilioii, at length commeth to a place called lehbir, which is the beginning and conline v( the state and realine of Serifo the king of Mecca; where, at their approciiing issuetli out to nieete them the gouernour of the land, with all his people to rc- ceine the Carouan, with »uch shouting and triumph, as is impossible to expresse, where they staie one whole da\ . 'fhis place aboundetli with Ircsh and clearc waters, which with streames fill downe from ihe high niouuiaines. Morcout , in this place arc great store of dates, and (Icsli great store and gooitifull sort for ri'iicnge of the iniiirie done vnto the Carouan. The Carouan hauing rested and being re- freshed as is ahouesavd, the next day departeth on the wav, and the lirst place they arriue at woorthv mention is c.illed Hedfihonem, in which place (as is aforesavd) grow those little s'iriil»l)csw hereout Halme issueth. And before the Carouan arriueth at this place a mile from f|iB citie is a large and great field enuironed about with most high and huge mountaines. ^J\d in this licld, according to the .Mcoran, their [irophet Mahomet had a most fierce and cruel battell ^iiicn by the Christians of the counlrey and other people which set themselues agaynst them, and withstood his opinion, so that hee was oucrcome and vanquished of the Christians, and almost halfe of his people slainc in the battell. Whereupon, the prophet seeing himselfe in such extremitie, fell to his prayers, and they say, that God hauing com[)assion vpon his dcare friend and prophet, heard him, and sent him infinite thousands of angels, wherewith return- ing to the battell, ihey conquered and oiiercame the coiuiueroiir. .\nd therefore in memoric of this xictorie, the Carouan IndgetU euery yeere one night in this place, making great bone- fires with great mirih. \m\ they say that as yet there is heard vpon the mountaines a litle dniinme, whidi wiiile the Carouan passeih, neiier ceaseth sounding. And they say further, that tlie sayd druinnic is sounded hy the angels in sii;ne of that great victory graunted of God lo their prophet. .Mso the .Maluinu'l.in vxritiiiiis allinne tl.:tt alter ilic eiule of the savd bat- C n '2 ■ tell, a ,1^' I 1^0 v ';* : t I if : ; i: - !' < ) 11 ■ t > •],. 'Ml i +; . VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 7'he j)ilgr. to J\Iecca. tell, the prophet comtnaunded certainc of his people to goe and biiric all the Mahumctans which were dead in the fields, who going, knew not the one from the other, bcraiisc as yet they vsed not circumcision, so they returned vnto him, answering, that they had bene to doe his commaundement, but they knew not the Musulmans from the Christians. To whom the prophet answered, saying: Turnc againe, and all those which you shall (inde with their farps downeward, leaue them, because all they are niisbclccuers: and the other which you shull findc with their fates turned vpward, them burie, for they arc the true Nfiisulmani, and so his commaundement was done. The next morning by Sunne rising, the Carouan arriueth at Hedrihonem, in which place euery man washeth himsclfe from foppc to toe, as well men as women, and leaning oil' their apparell, hauing each one a cloth about their priuitics, called in their tongue Photaii, aru) an- other while one vpon (heir shoulders, all which can goe to Mecca in this liabite, doe so, and are thought to mcritc more then the other, but they which cannot doe so make a vowo to sacrifice i Ranime at the mountainc of pardons; and after they bee washed, it is not lawfnll for any man or woman to kill either flc? n." '-nvse with tlieir handes, neither yet to take them with their nailes, vntiil thev haue accomplished tiic'r vowed orati^ms in the moiintaine of pir- dons abouesay 1: and therefore they .'arv with them ccrtaine stirkes made <>rpnrp a (aire field, \Nhere a great miiltiitule of tents are pitched, and in the middest the ])auilIioii of the captaine, >vho meeting with the Serifo, alter salutations on each side, they lisrht frcir^i their horses and enter into the paiiillion, when the king of Mecca depriuelh hiinselfe of all authoritie and power, and committeth the same to the abouc named captaine, giuing him full licence and authoritie to commaund, gouerne, and minister iustice during his al)oa; nianer of a cloister, for that in the midst thereof separate from the rest, is the ahouesavd houxe ol .\bniham, also tlie galleries round about arc in maner of 4. streetes, and the p.iriiiioii. wliich dinide the one street fntm the other are ])illars, whereof some are of niublf, anil \ 1-i The moiimjint •I* )'4rdv'iis. Of the ceremonies of the pilj^rimes. IN the besinning wo haiip sayd how the Mahumetans haue two feasts in the ycerc. The one they rail Pascha A\ Rama/aco, that is to say, The feast of fasting, and this feast of fast- ing is holdcn thirtie dayes alter the feast, wherein the Carouan trauelleth to Mecca. The other is called the feast of the n^imine, wherein all they which are of abilitic are bound to sacrifice a IJamme, and this thev r ill Bine Bairani, that is to say, The great feast. And as the Carouan departelh frcvn t'airo thirtie dayes after the little feast, so likewise they come hithci- line or sixe dayes belorc the great feast, to the ende the pilgrimes may haue time before the feast to finish their rites and ceremonies, which are these. Departing from the Carouan, and being guided by such as are experienced in the way, they goe vnto the citie twentie or thir- tie in a company as they thinkc good, walking through a streete which ascendeth by Ijilc and liile till they come vnto a certainc gate, whereupon is written on each side in marble .«tone. Babel Salema, which in the Arabian toi, .ue signilieth, the gate of health. And from this place is descried the great Mosquita, which enuironeth the house of Abraham, which being descried, they reuerently salute twise, saying, Salem Alech lara sul Alia, that is tn say. Peace to thee, ambassadour of God. This salutation being ended, proceeding on ilu- way, they (inde an arche vpon their right hand, whereon they ascend (iue steps, vpon tlir which is a great voyd place made of stone : after, descending other fine steps, and proceed- ing the space of a flight-shoot, they finde another arche like vnto the first, and this way fmin the one arche to the other they go and come 7. times, saying alwaies .some of their pravcrs which ( they say ) the adlicted Agar sayd, whiles she sought .■>i)d found not water for her soniic Ismael to drinke. This ccreinonie being ended, the pilgrim*... enter into the Mosquita, aiul drawing neere vnto the house of Abraham, they goe round about it other sciien times, alwavis .saying : This is the house of God, and of his seruant Abraham ; This done, they goe to kl^^l• that blacke stone abouesayd. After they go vnto tiic pond Zun Zun, and in their apparcll as they be, they wash themsclues from head to foote, sayin^r, fobah .\llah, Tobah .Ml;ili, that is to say. Pardon Lord, Pardon Lord, drinking also of that water, which i.s both miiddic, filthic, and of an ill saudur, and in this wise washed and watered, euery one returncth in Ills pi.'- if abode, and these ceremonies euery one is bound to doe once at the least, lint those which haue a mind to oucrgoe their fellowe.s, and to goe into paradise before the rcM, doe the same once a day while the Carouan remaineth there. What the Carouan doeth after hauing rested at Mecca. The Carouan li.uiing abode within the citie of Mecca (iue dayes, the night before the eiicii- ing of their feast, the captaine with all his company settcth forward towards the mounlaine of pardons, wliic h the\ call in the Arabian tongue, label Arafata. This momitaine is di>l:iiii from Mecca I."), miles, and in the mid way thereto is a |da(C called Mina, that is id say, Tlic haucn, and a litlc from thence are 4. great pillars, o( which hereafter we will speake. Ndw first touching the niouniaine of I'ardons, which is rather to be < ailed a lille hill, then a moun- tain, for that it i» low, litlc, delightful and plea.saiit. containing in circuit two miles, andeiiui- roned round about with the goodliest plaine that eiier with mans eie c(.iild be seen, and il.e plaine likewise compassed vvith exceeding high mountains, in such sort that this is one of ihc goodliest situations in the world: and it seemeth verily, that nature hath therein shewed all hir cunning, in making this place vnder the imimtaiiie of pardons so broad and plea.saMt. \'|)(mi the >ide towards Mecca there are many pipes cif water cleare, faire, and fresh, and aboiie all most wholesome, falling down into ccrlaine \essels made of purpose, where the peiii)le re- fresh and wash them.selues, and water their caltel. And when Adam and Luah were cast mil of paradi.se by the angel of the Lord, the Mahumetans say, they came to inhabia- this liile moiintaine of pardons. Also they sa\, that tliev had lost one another, and were .se|):irak'd for the space oi 40. yceres, and in tiie end met at lliis ])la('e. with great iov & gladiie>^e, and biiilded a litle hoii^e \\v\n the top of this mountaiiie, the which at this day they call iJiM Adam, that is to sav, the house of Adam. Of Igr. to Mecca. The pilgr. to Mecca. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 335 or the three Carouans. THe same day that the Caroiian of Cairo commeth to this place, hither come 2. Caro- uans al-io, one of Dainasco, the other of Arabia, and in like maner all the inhabitants for ten dayes iourncy round about, so that at one time there is to be seen aboiie '2(KXXX). persons, and more the .S()0()0(). cattell. Now all this company meeting together in this place the night before the feast, the three hostcs cast themselues into a triangle, setting the mountaine in the midst of them : and all that night there is nothing to be heard nor scene, but gunshot and (ircworkcs of sundry sortes, with such singing, sounding, shouting, halowing, rumors, feasting, and triumphing, as is wondcrfull. After this, the day of the feast being come, tiiey are all at rest and silence, and that day they attend on no other thing, then to sacrifice oblations and jiravers vnto God, and in the euening all they which haue horses mount thereon, and approch as nigh vnto the mountaine as they can, and those which haue no horses make the best shift they can on footc, giuing euer vnto the captaine of Cairo the chiefe place, the second to the c.iptaine of Damasco, and the third to the captaine of Arabia, & being all ap- prochcd a-i is al)ouc. dayes, because at that time there is a faire free and frankc of al cusfome. And in this place are other 3. pillers, not together, but set ia i I ;l i 1:% f )■ .,r. *'.! \ ^I'l, )Ui< Mi. . It. I .'i,-{(i (irida a p' ueetr Mu VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The pilgr. to Mecca. Thf P.)rtU!>U iirfjtly tejrt-J iii llic RcJ U'i. r.irti-nr fftv r th *hiiM anliif y:crcly at Oud», ill (liners places, where (as their projiliet sailh) were the three apparitions whicli the diuel iiiinlc vnto Abraham, and to Ismael his sonne; for anionjr^t them they make no mention of Isaar, as if lie hail ncuer bene borne. So they say, that the blessed God hailing commanded Abraham his i'aithfiill seniant to sarrilice his lirst be<;otlen Ismael, the old Abraham went to do accordinjr to God's wil, and met with the infernal enemie in the shape of a man, and bi'inj; of him demanded wiiither he went, he answered, tliat he went to sarriliie his sonnc I«mai'l, as (iod had commanded him, A{;ainst whom the dinel exclaiming said : Oh dolinjr old man, sith (Jod in thine olil ajj[e hath mariieilonsly j^inen thee tiiis son (in whom all nations sh.ilbe blessed) wherefore fiiiiiiiij; cretlite vnto vainc dreames, will thou kill him whom so much thou ha-.t desired, and so inlirely loued. But Abraham shakinj;; him of}' proceeded on his wav, whereupon the diuel secin:; his words could not jireuaiie with the father attemjited the Sonne, sayinj; ; Ismael, liaue re;;ard vnto thyselfc betimes in this tliiiif; which is so dan- gerous. Wlierel'ore ? answered y childe. Because ( saith the diuel ) thy doting father scekcili to take away thy life. For what occasion, said Ismael ? Because (saith the enemie) he saiili, that Ciinl hath cominanded him. Which Ismael hearing hee tooke vp stones and threw at liiin, saving, .Auzu billahi minal scia itanil ragini, which is to sa\ , I defend me withCiod from tlu- diuel the olfcnder, as who would say, wee ought to obey the commandement ol (lod :Mid resist tlie dinel with al our force. But to rcturne to our purpose, the pilgrimes durin;; their ab(iad there goe to visite llu-se three pillers, tlniiwiiii; away the little stones which bclmc ihev gathered, whiles they repeat the same words which thev say, that Ismail said to the ili- lull, when lice withsionde him. From hence halfe a mile is a mountaine, wliitiier .Abrali.iin went to sacrilice his sonne, as is al)oiiesaid. In this mountaine is a great den whither the pil- grims re^ort in make their pra\ ers, and tiicre is a great stone naturaliv separated in the niiiNt ; and lliev say, that Nniael, while his father Abraham was Inisie about the sacrifice, tooke llic knife in h:ind to proouc how it would cut, and making triall diuided the stone into two |iail>. The line davcs being expired, tiie cajitaine ariseth with all iheCarouaii, and relurneth aj;:iiiu" to Mecca, where they remaine oilier line dayes. And while these rest, we will ire.it of ilu' city and ])orl of Grida \pon the lied Sea. OfGiida. Tllerefore wee say that fiom Mecca to (Jrida iliev make two small daves iournevrainl because in those |ila(es il is ill traueiling in the dav-lime bv reason of the great heat of the Suiine, liierelorc they depart in the eiiening from Slecia, and in the morning before SuMiie- risiii:; tluy are ariiueii lialle way, where there cerlaine habitations well fnriiisiu'd, and yocH limes to lod^e in, but espcii:i|ly women \ noiigh which \oluntarilv bestowe their alines xpoii the poore pilgrims: likewise departing the next euening, the mc ruing after, thev come vnto Griila. fliis ritie is founded \pon the Ited Sea baiike, enniroiied with wals fcc towers to lIu- land-ward, but throngli < (inliniiani e of time almost lusiinied and wasted, on the side to sea- ward it st.niils Miwallcil. (.'rida hath lliree gates, one on ei he side, .iiiil the thiiile in the midst towarde the land, which is (ailed the |)ort of Mecc.i, neere viilo which are (inr 7. 'fiirks \])()n tlu- old towers for yuard thereof with fniire f.iiiii oils \ pon one of the corners of the lily to the land-ward. .\No to sea-ward where the w.ill iovnelhwith the water, llirrc is l.itely m.uie a fort like \ntn a luilw.irke, wi.ere tliey liaiie pl.inlcd 2.» jiieies of the Ix^l ordin.iiiie tli.it might be had, which are \ery well kept and guarded. .More ouiward towards the sea \pnii the larlhest olde tower are other fiiic ;;ood pieces with '.iO men to gn.ird llieiii. On the oilier side of the city at the end of the wall there is lateK biiilded .1 biilwarke stmni; and well gu.inled by a Saniaciho willi 1.'>I) I'lirks wcl prouided with oidinance and all olliri- lieccss.irie^ and niunition, and all these lorlilviiius :iie for none other cause then lor feare ami sus|)ition of the I'orlugals. .And if the port were ;;ood all this were in vaine: but the piTt ' cannot be Wor«e nor more ilangen i|s ; being all lull of rocks and sands, in such wise, lli.il tiie ships c.iniiot c^ mr neere, bill perlon e ride .it the least twn miles olf. At this port ariiiie cilery Neere lorly or liltv great shijipes Liden with spices and other rich man haiidi/e wliiih ycclii in custonie 1J(KMJU ducats, the halfe whereof goeth vnto the Grand Signior, and the oilier gr. to Mecca. The }>ilii)'. to Mecca. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUF-RIKS. oilu'i- liiilfc to the Sorifo. And bcrausc thorc iii none oilier tliinji; worthy nit'iuion in Grida wc wil rcliinir to our ('anninn which hath almost rested enough. or their going to Medina. TIIc f'.irouan departeth for Mrdina returning the same way they came vnio Hcdrihoneni ;il)i)iie-:iv(l, where thev leaiie their ordiniuu e and other cariageM, wiicrcor tiicy haue no need, willi the pilyiims vviiich haue seene Medina aroretimc, and desire not to see it againe, but si.iv ill liiat place, e\pe( ting tlie laroiuin, and resting vntill the rarouaii go (V.iin liediihonetii to Afediiia, wliere thev aiwayes (inde go; dly liabitations, witli abniulaiice of sweet waters, ;ui(l il.itcs enough, and being within louicteeiie miles of Medina they come vnto a great plaine called by them I.diel el salema. that is to .say, the moiintaiiie of iicalth, from which they iiegiii to (lescrv the city ami lombe of Mahomet, at which sight they light from their horses in token of lenerence. .Vml being ascended \|) the-.iyd nioiinlainc with shouting which i)iercetli the -kies tlu'v sav, Sala iiuia salema .'\lac( ha laiali sul .\llah, .Sala tuna Salema Alaccha lan.dii All;ih, Sala tun.i Salema .Mlaccha lahabit .Mlah : which words in the Arabian tongue signide : I'ravcr and hc.dth be Mito thee, oh |)ropln I of (iod : |)r.iver and health be \|)on thee, oh be- liiicil of (Jod. And hailing pronounced this ^ahitadon, they proceed on their iourney, so tli;,t thc\ li (Ige thai nijit within three miles of .Melle, which is oldc and weake, :;uarded bv an Aga with (ift\ pieces of ar- tilhiK, but not \crv guDiJ. fhe houses thereof are faire and well situated, liuilt of lime and ^l.'iie, and in llu- midst of the < ily stands a l'oiiies<|uare .Mosquita, net so great as that o\' Mecc.i. bill nine gomlly, rich, and ~iiinpliious in buildint;'. \\'illiin the same in a corner liicicnf is a toinbe built \i)on fouie pillers with a vault, as if it were vnder a pauemeni, whii h bihdith all the foure ])iliers together. 'Hie tombe is so hii;|i, iIkii it lane exceed- ( ih m lieiuhlh the .\Ios(|uit:i, biiiig coiiered with lead, ;uid the t(>|) all inanulled with gtdde, \\illi ail halfe nioone vpon the top: .ind within the paueinent it is all \er\ artiliciallv wrou"ht with go'dc. Helow there are roundabout very gre.it staircs of vron asi ending v|) vntill the midst of the pillers, and in the very midst thereof is buried the bo[ahoniet, and not ill .1 che.-.t of yron cleaning to the adamant, a-, iiuun aflirme that know not the tnieth thereof. Mdreniier, ouer the body they haue built a to r.be ol -pci kled stone a|i brace and an halfe lii'di, |i and oner the same another of I.egmaine foiires(|uare in mancr of a jixiamis. Alter this, nnind abi ill tiie scpult..re there hangcth a c;;il.iine of silke, which letteth the si^ht of those willii'Ut that the\ (.laiut -ee the -epultnrc. Ilc\ond this in the sanu' Mosquit.i :irc other two se- piili lire- ( oiieicd with grcene ( l.iih, and in the one of them is buried T.iliiia the daughter of \I.ih"nut, and .\Hi is burii d in the other, who w. is t!ie husband of the s.ivd I'.itma. The at- iciul.inis \ jii'ii these sepulchre- are fifty eii.uiclu's w!iile and tawnv, neitlu r is it oranted to ail\ uf them to enter within tlu' tninlie. snuin;', to i!n-ee xvhite eiinuelics the oldest and l)c\st of iredit; \nto whom i* islawfiill to enter but twise in lli;' da\ , to linlit the liinps, and to doe ; ihi r SI ruii cs. All the other eunuchs atleiu! wiiliniit to the srriiii c of ilu' \Ios(jiiii;i, and the ' tlicr iw'isepuh lires oC T.itma, and .\lli, w!i( re euers cm- mas go and i.ukIi .it his iileasure, nd t.ike of the earth fordcuotioll, as m.inv do. Of thiims wiiliMiil the ('it\ . \\ Ith.nit the citv and on euerv side are most I'.iire gardens, sweet w.iter, iiilinile p made in miner of a pvraini,, with manv other of goKle and silke, de| nrteth, going thoidwilie iiiiiUt of the city, \iiiiil hi; eotne to the MoMiuita, where h.iiiing jiraied, lie |)iescntclh \ iito the t< nilie of his propli<>t (where the euniu lis rci ciiiing liaiuU are reads ) the vrsiiire for the s;i\ali tliree-iore horses ( iniie lliiiiier to bring refi I shnuir^ to the -aid i apt line of the piLrimage, as aNo to sell \ nto the pilMriiiis some \iitii.ds I'lori llietice l!ie\ set forward, and comiiiiiig to Hirca within two leagues ol Cairo, liiere i- li.e nia-ti r of the hou«e of the lia-sha of Cairo with all hi-, horsemen come thither to nccii.e liiin with a smnptu us and costiv h.iiiket made at the co-t of the H.isha lor the laptaine and his letiniie, who after he is well relic-hed departeth toward tiie castle ol Cairo to s.diile the Hasha, who retciiiiHi; him with '.;reat ioy ind glailnr—e in token if go d wil pM'sei.ieth him with a garment of i l.th of g- hie verv rich: a'ld the captaiiie 'ikiig the All a;( II (Hit of the i hcsl [)re«' iilclli it to the Ha-:i;i, who haoin;; kis.imI it, ( onimaiKletii to In it vp -.gaiiK'. S me there are whii h aliiruic, tl.al In ing arr tied at Cairo, thev kill that uoodiv cainell which c;iried the .Mcdidii, and eatehiin; wliicn is nothing 'o: Icr tliey are so super- stitious ijT. to Mecca. M. Casar Fndcrick. TltAFFIQUKS, AM) DISCOHERirS. 339 Our Frede- ricke traucUcd ci(;ht«-eiic ycerei in tlie luit In- dies. stitioiis to ihc contrary, that to gaiiir alt the world tlicy would imi kill him. But if by ca!>iialty he HJioiild die, in this case happy and blessed they ihinkc iheniseiiies, which can pet a morsell to cat. And thus miuh C( the voya;jc of the captaine of thccarouan of Cairo The voya^jc and irauell ol' M. C'lesar I'rcderii ke, Marchant of X'enice, into the East India, and Ijcyond the Indies. Wlurein arc contcincd the cuHtomes and riles of those cdiuilrio, (he nierchandiso and coniinoditics, as well of golde and .>,il- ncr, as s|)i(<'-, drn<;;,'('s, pearlcs, and other icwcis: trans!ate briefly as I could, to write and set forth this vovage made bv me, wilh the maniellous things I haue scene in my tranels in the Indies: The mighty Princes that goucrne those coinilreys, their religion and failh that they haue, the rites and custdnics which they vsc, and line by, of the diners successe that happened vnto me, and how manv of these counircvs are aboui.dinu with spices, drugs, and iewels, giuing also pri'lilablc ailuerliseincnl to all iho^e that haue a desire to make >>uch a vovage. .And be- cause that tlie wliiile world ma\ nnire ciimniodiouslv rei(p\ce at this my trauell, I haue caused it lo be primed in lhi> order: and now I pre>ent it vnlo \ou (gentle & louing Header-) to wlv'ui for the varieties (if thiuy-. hecrein cdiiieined, I hope that it shall be with great delight receiiied. And iluis(iod of his gi)o,lne-se l.ee|)e voii. A \oyage to the F.;i>-t Indies, and be\ond the Indies, iK:c. IN ihe ycrc of our Lord (ohI l.'iti.'J, I Cesar Frcdcrii ke being in A'cniie, and \erv desirous to sec the r.;i>t p.irls of llie world, shipped jny sclfe in a shippc called the Gradaige of Ve- nice, with cerlaini- marchandise, goucrncd by M. lacomo Vaiica, which was l,ound to ("v|)rns with his >hip, with whom I weni: and when we were arriiied in rv|)rus, I left tSat ship, and went in a Ic-.-er lo 'I'ripolv in Sori.i, wi.ere I stayed awhile. .Afterward I tookc m\ ioiirnev lo .Alcpn, imd there I ;h <]ua:ntcd my scllc with marchaiils of Anreni:!. and .Moores, lh;il were mart haiit<, ami iciisorled to go with ihcm tn Onnus, and wee di pailccl I'ri.in Alepo, and ill two dayes ioiiriie\ and a halfe, wee came to a (il\ called liir. Of the city called Bir. HIr is a sm;ill iil\ vcrv scar>eof :ill maner of siduaU, ar.d nere \\.U> t'.c walle- of the ciiy runneth the riucr ol I ipKr.iiis. In tlii« ciiv ihe m:u( liaiits diuide liieiii-ciiu"- int" cnnipanio, according to ihiir men lianili-c lli;it llu \ haue, and there either lhe\ bii\ i r ni.ike a boat to tarry them :uul tiieir gootls tc H.ibv Ion ilnwne the riuer Euplu'atcs, wilh t h,.rge tif a i'ia->tcr ^^^ „,„ ^^j,. anil inarincr-i to c'"" ^"• backe againe, if they haue man huiuli.se or got)ds that oweih cusltmic, then they make their The iiithrturs gttm.! fi» VcnicP to Cyvtits and Triprly. I rhl \ \ relume i »I I m^ ' \ nv>"'t'v I. ^ J'. \m /?40 Moiiil Tlie Ar..t>Mrt theiurr att in Tl.c c IJr Hiby ion halh ^irat tr^tlc »' n'.^r- chami ilUl. Abridge midr of b04ll. \OYAGF,S, NAUIOATIONS, M. Cersai' hWdirick. rcMirnc in Toriv miii;j; tli:it way with a j;rr;tt clraje lesser chiirjjrs ihcn liu- oilier wav. Ami it' ilicv liiiie imt marclinulisc iliat nwflli ciKlDine, ijien llipv fi(H' 1)V the wavcif Mosiii, wlu-ro it lo^li-ili tlicin urcil cIi;ii;:(n Imtli the Carouaii uiuI KiiniJaiu. I'nun liir wliero tlic inanlianls imbarke tluMns(l\es to l''eliuliia oner against Rn- h\liiii, I r till- riiiiT liaiic .t;()od store of water, tliev sliail nia»r tlu-ir voyage in (il'teene or c'iulili'ciic (layos dowiif lIu- rincr, ami it' the water l)e loue, and it hatli not rained, tlieii it is nun li trouble, and it will lie forty or (ifty dayes ionrney d' wne, beeanse that when tlic barks strike on tlie stones that be in tlie riiier, then tlie\ ni.>l\nlade tliein, wimli Is j;i(.;it trouble, and then lade ihetn ai;aine when they ham- memled them: therefore it is not nei cs. ■•arv, neither doe the inartiiani- ;;o with one boat alone, but with two or three, that if om boat split ami be lost wilii -tiikinu on tlie sholde-. they Mia\ haiio another ready to lake in their j;oods, vntil^mh tnne as they liane mended llie broko boat, and if they draw the broken boat on land to mend her, it is hard to defend her in ihe nijjht from the fjreat nudii- tiide of Arabians that will coiiu- downe there to r(d)lf you: and in the riiiers eucry nij;lii, Avhen y(Mi ni ike fast vonr boat eo the bam keside, you inunl keepe nood watf. against ih,- Arabians whiih are theeues in lumiber like to ants, \cl when they eoine to robbe, they will not kill, but steale \- runaway. llar<|uebn/.es are \er\ jjocd \\e:i|)ons anainst them, lor that ihev siand <;reall\ in le.ire of the shot. And ;is you piisse the ricier I'.nphrates from jiir to reliM Ilia, there arceertein plaees wiii(h \on must |);i>se by, where \(.u p:iy custonie (ci- taiiic medine.s viion a b.ile, whii h ( nsioine is bilonj;iii;; to the soniie of .Mxirise kin;; of the Arabians and (if the tlcscrl, wlui iialh eertaine ( ities and xilLn^eson the riiier I'luphrales. I'j'liii hia and lkib\ Ion. FF.hichia is a \ill.ij;e where llie\ th;it come from liir doe \nbarke tliemselue"- and vnl.hli' ■ their jjoods, and it is dist;mt from n:ibylon a dayes ionrnry and an luiHe bv l.nid: Habylon \* no ;;rent litv, but it i» \er\ ])o[)iilons, and of gre;it trade of stranger- because it is a f;ri;ii thorowf.ire for I'er-ia, liirki:i. and .\rabi:i: and very often times there goe out from theme C'aron:ins into diners coiintn-N-: and the city is \erv copious of viriuaN, which conime (Jiit of .•\rnieni:i downe the riner of 'l'\ j:ri>, on cerl:iiiie Z:ilt.ires or K.ille-. made of bloweii liido or skiiines called N'trij. 'flii^ riiicr T\ ^'ris (lojtii wa-h the w.ille- of the cilv. These li;i|li, are Ik nnd f;i«t lo<;ellier. and then they l;iy board- o\\ the :iforesn\il blowen skiniu-, ;ind dii the boards tliev hide the comniodilii"-, and >o ( ome ihev to Hiln ion, where thev \nlade thrm, and bein;,' \nl.i(l<'n, thev let >uil the winde oni ol the -kinne-, and l.ule them on cainiiU'l> in make another voyage. Tiii» < ii\ of l?ab\ loii is -itnaie in the kiiif;donie of IVrsi.i, but now j;iuer'ied bv the Turks. On tlu' other side of the riuer lo\v:irds .\ra!)ia, oner a^'ainst ihi- eitv, there is a faire place or towne, and in it ;i faire Haznrro for niarch.its, with \erv main lodnili;;'., where ihe ;^realest part i\[ the m:irch,ints sir:inu'ers whii h come to Habvlon do lie "ilh their iii,ir(h.ni(li/e. Ihe p:issin^ oner In ;;ri- from l'i,ib\ h ii to this 1!< rouuh is bv :i Inn^ hriilL;e nuulc <•( hi te- ( h;iiiied toL;etlu'r with i.Mi:it (h.iiiie-: prouidi-d, lh.it when the riiKT w;i\cth j.'re:it with the ;ibundani e ol raine that filleth, llien th(\ open the bridiie in the mid- e oncrthroweii, or j'js the streame doth rarv them aw;i\ , so that by this ine:ines, manv people are lost and drowned; this ihin;^ bv proole 1 liaiie ni;iiiy times seenc. Of the towc r of Habylon. 'file fower of Nimrod or Hahel i-. siinate on thai side of Tvijris that Ar:ibi:i is, and in .1 very 'jre:it phiine distant from H:il)\ Ion senen or eiuht niile«.: which tower is ininatdl 011 euery side, :inil with the hillini; of 11 there is made a ureal mount, line: so th.it it hath iio forme ai all, \ei there is a j^reat part o( it standiiiL',, whii h is ((jmp:i»sed and almost eonercd with the afore-ayd falliiijrs: this Tower was builded and made of foiire sipiare Ikickes, which Ijrickcs i- 1/. Ccuir Frederick. THAIIKiUIvS, AND DISCOUKRIES. im liif'- and viil.i.lc iiul: Ibl)) Idii :< W.V it is a j;rt;ii il)ia i-i, nnd in ;i :T !•< miiiaud nii lliat II hath im 1 almovt ci'iicrc'l ; lUitkcs, whii h Urickc^i Uricki'H wore made orrarlh, and dried in ihc Simno in innnrrnnd Ibrmc following: first they Th«w idcki b« laved a lav of Uiickcs, thru a iVfal made of Canes, square as the Hriekes, and in stead of ""'"'•''""'* liitu', they (iaiil)ed it with earth; llic-^e Mats ol Canes arc at this tunc so siroiij;, that it is n mj 4 ii & • thin;; wiioiuh-rhii! to Ijeimlde, beiiii; of such j;reat aiiti<|uit\ : I iiaiie );<)iie roiiiul almul it, •"''• "i"""' I haiie lint louiul any place where there iiath bene any doorc or entrance: it inav be in :iii( m\ Kuln<'ini'ii t in circuit about a mile, and rather lesse th en mure rhi>. Tower in ell'eci is contrary to all other thinj;- which are seeiie .ilarotV, lor iie\ -eemc •'111:1 \' the more ncre a man eoinmeih to ihem the bi>;uer they be: but lliis tower afar olV I'emith a \ir\ fjrcMt ihinn, and the ncrer you come to it the h'sser. My iiidjjeiueni iSc rea- lli.il bet :Mise the Tower is set in n verv "TvaX iilaine, and h.illi liollt to m:ik e anv shew sauinu; the mines of it which it hrdi made round about, and lor this re<|)i'( t deMr\iiiL; il :i i'arre oil) that i)ie( e of the Towci which yet staiuleth with the iiioimialne th:it i" made of the sub^taiuc that hath lalicn Iroin it, makcth a greater shew then Nou shall linde comiiiin^' neere to it. Hab\ Ion and Rasnra. FKoin n:ibylon I departed for Hasora, shipping my sclfe in one of the barks that \^p to ro in the riuer Tiuris Irom liabvlon to Hasora, and I'roin Rasora to Rabylon: wliidi barks arc made alter the maner ol' ImwIs or Cialliots with a Speroll and a couered poope : tliey haiic no |i!i'i\pe in ihem because of (he '.^real abundance of pitch which llie\ haiie to |)il< h ihein with all: wliiih pilch ihev h.uie in ainiiulancc two da\e» ioiirncy IVom llalnjon, Nere \:ilii the riiur i.iiphralt's, there is a city called lleil, nere \nto which t ily there i- a ureal plaiiie lull III' pitch, \crv maruell lis l.i beholde, and a ihinj; :dmcKt im rediblc. lh:it out ol' :i hoh ill ihc- earth, which coiitimnIK throweth out pilch into the aire with ccinliiniall sinoak( this ■||inll,)lt«lKl-r lit ,riini'lli lliH jiilch is ihrowen with mcIi lore c, that bein;; hot il lalleth like ai it were opriiic kled ourr all' llie pi.iine, in sue h abuiuiance that the plaine is alw lyes lull cd' pitch; liie Mores and the Ai'.ihi.ins of th;ii place -as. thai ihit lule is the mouth c I' hell: and In Iriii'th, it is a liiiiif,' \er\ notable to be- marked; ,ind by ihi- pilch the whole p;'.i|)le h:iue ;.',real benelit to |)it( h i-stcih. ,v th ritiirKth nitiitlie ^■|llr) or (laiiil ■ vtt tlicjiittli llicn I'.ir'n which bark- ihev call I):incck and .Sallin. Whin ihe riuer 1 N "rN i> well re- iileni-hcd with w.iter, \cu iniv p;i'>-e from H.ib\ Ion to Ha^or.i in cij;hi < r nine ilave-', .nul i"rii"'"i jiiJ -I'liit limes more .inci snmrliines les-c wo were hall'e -ii much inorr whicli i-. I ♦ or l.i claic cc;iu^c' the w.iiers were lliev m;iv s;iile dav i^ niuhl, ;inil there till- wav where \oii |ia\ -o m in\ niiilins on .1 b.iili ; il the water- lie lowi', II I- pl.icc.- in |Sd;i lukrtl) .,11 tli« rrc i,r.u.liiih ith tlir nmcll , 'pilill M.abi iDuriif' 111 1 \' ra IS a c lU i I ihe .\r;ibians, whic h c I' olde lime was n^iueriicd \i\ iIum' .Ar.ibi.m- called /a/ 11 1|, but now 11 1- ihc i;re.il 'iurl wh le k eepcni .111 arinv lo Ml Zi, • nt I'd I'l The .\r.il)i:iii' I'll Zi/;iri| haiic llie po-sc ^lon ol' .1 ureal couiire \, .Kill taniiol he nucr- loiiit 111 the Turke, bee aii>i' that llie -c. h;ilh diuiileil llicir counlrev inlo;in Hand 1"\ c li;iniifi »ilh the ebliiiiu and ilowinu of the -c id I'c ■• that 1 .luse Ihc lurk c c.iiin. t liriiiij ■o^air.-l ihcm, neclher bv sea nor bv l;uid, and :inolher rea-on is, ihe inli.il)il;inls nllhat Hand ;irc verv siroii;!; and warlike men. A dayes iourney beftire vtm come It) Hasora. you shall liaue a little ca>tle or lurt, whii h is mJ on th.ii point td the land where the riuer- ol I'.iiphrates id T' ins me et tonetlur, aiul the ca-ile is called Corna; at this point, llie Iwn riuers make •V'"^^-'"''"''' strolls jjre.it riuer, that runneih iito the sea, which i> t ailed tin unl'e of I'er-ia, whit h L'unij ilii- l';ul>lir.ili'i M\A \> low.iri Iratle of South: H; isoni IS di-tanl iioni the sea lilteeiie mile d II IS a citv o ,, I'^t^J Tyt'iisdo liutt. spices and clrii'.:"es whicli cnnic liiiiu Oriniis, Also ihei ;rc.it store ol come. id Dii e-., wliic II llie t (lunir Oriiu urds id -o we -.11 led 1 1 ev dolh veelil. I shipped inv scH'e in Iki isora to uo lor irow the 1 cTsiaii se.i siv hundred miles, vvhich is the distance fn Id On >r rope and ViC -.iiled in small 'hips made ol bo.iix! lis, bi ound together with >m; III! II Otnms 11 Tttr '' ' iMrrriicst Il.iiid s, and in stead of c.dkiiij^ t icy lav betweeiie euerv iKiard ccrtaine straw whic h """ i*" ""'!<•■ thcv I y V) r ii * 111;'. % (I'"' t t i ' ,' .• A 1 ' Mf yOYACJI'.S, NAUICATKWS, ^^. Ciffar Fralrilcl. . r4ikliii inllaiiJ III y' |uir< of Willi. Oiiniii II al- w lyr^ ffjilciiiih' •J with jliDnJ* «iur ofvktuaU, aiij yrt tliric it noiif that tfnm. riliin iliellinil. (Itrit liJ'Uaf iiiruhinJiK III Ormiti* The tteclion of ■ III kiiigul Ui- mui. A piiuilfjf lu Marchami. Oiu, Cimbiietu. ihcy liaup, and ho (Iioy nov/c hoanl iinil hn.iril ti)};rthrr, v\iili llic »lraw hctwcrnr, wlirrrthn- row llicrc roimnclli iiuul) \v;iler, and lln'v au' \ory (l.iii'iciiui-t. Drpiiriinjf Irom H,i„)r,i uc |)aisr(l 'i(M) inilcH wieli the sra on mir rinlil liaiid, alotii; ilic jiuirr, viDil ,it lciii;lh wp arriiinl at an IlamI ( .ilird Carithij, fro wlifie we »ail((l In Oriniii in -(i^lif ol llx- I'rr^ijii „\wrr oi, ihf left xide, :md on ilic ri>;ht xidc towards Aral)ia wc dixrouiTcd inlinile llandn. OrntiH, OUnuK it an Hand in tirniit line and iwcniy or lliirly n)ilri, and it m llu- harrcncM .itul moot drie Hand in all tlie uorlil, hccun-c lliat in it lliere ii nollnnj; to 1k' liail, lini -alt wai. and onl of other llandi neere thereunto adiov nin;;, in siiih aliuiid.inie and i|uanlii\, th.it the eilv in alwaves r(|)leni>.hed with all inancr of -.tore; there i< «l,iiulin'4 neire snio the wain,, »ide a verv faire lasiell, in the which tin' capiaine v( the kin^^ ol I'oitiinall is al«aye< rv>[- dent with i nood hand of l*ortM^.dle>i, and before ihi-. i .isiell is a >ery fain' prosjied; m t|„. eilv dwell the niaried men, souldiers and man hauls of eiuTx nalinu. amiitj;-! whom (here are .Moorcs and (ienlile.s. In this eilv there is \er\ ureal tr.ide lor .dl Miris ol «pi( es, drii;4.;c.^ xilke, I lolh I'f «ilke, linx ardo, and diners oilier hurts of inarehandise eome out of Persi.i nnd amiiui;sl all olhrr trades of ^U'^ehandi^<^ the trade of Horses is very i;reat there, which thev carry from thence into the Indies This Hand hatha Moore kini; of the race of the I'l-r- si.ins, who is created and made kiiiji l)v the ('aplainc of the I'leclion in the castle with ureal i ere- monies, and Nthen hee is elected, the ('a])t.'ine >weii'elh him to lie true and failhfull In ihr Kinn of I'iirlii;.'.dl, .is hi. Lord and (iouermuir, and llu-n lie >;iuelli him the .Sce|)ter refill After this with ^rcat frasiinn \: jiompe, and wiili ^real ci inpiiiy, he is lirou^hl iiii ' lih' royall palai e in ihe cifv. Tliis Knij; keepetli a ^ood iraiiie, and h illi scflicient reueiiucs t , luainlaine him-elfe without Iroulilini: of any, liei aiise the Ciplaiiie of the(a.stle dorili ni.ii;;- tcine and defend hi- riuiii, and when ih:il the Capiaine and he riile |.'};ellier, he is hoiiuiircd as a kin::, yet he ( aiiiiot ride aliroad with Ins iraine, wilhoiil the consent of the Capiaine lir-' had: it liehooiieih them In doe this, and il is nece>>arv, heiaiise of the ;;real trade thai i> ii! the ( ilv : their proper lioii;uaf;e is the Persian loimue 'I'liere I xliipped inv selfe to yoe (, , (ii'a, a eilv ill liie Indie-., in a shippe that had loure-core horses in her. This is to adiierti«i thlf)»!4C il br in liie kiii;;ilonie of Pegu, where iIuto ii iiintlicr Marareo, where the \»alerH rim mit wilh more fonc than ihenc doe. The priii(i|idll ciiy in ('.mibaii {% (aMi'y and an lialf'c rrmii ('aM\l>ai('i| i, it i^ a very ^'eat .licw like to Cairci, liiif nrlu;;als In buy litem, uiid I hatie Neene them Niild lor ci^^ht or leu larines a piece, whicli niav be ol' ni,r nxniey \ n. lii(h ((iinmelh lit .Mei ra, ('hickitios wliith de ol' liiiniba^l of al Is, ,is while St uii|ic(! I and panned wilh ;;rral ((iiantity of Inilico, ilried ).itiKei' \' coii.senied, .Myrabolans drie .ind ( iindiie, ihi i.iso in paste, ';real store of Mij:;n'. ^real (piantity of Cotton, abniulance (d' Opiiini, .\s«a I'elid.i, i'lM hid, wilh many other sorts id' diiijj)>e<, ttirbants iii,.de in Dui, ureal sionc.. like lo CoriKolies, (iraliaH, .\^als, Di.Hprs , C.di idonij, llematisl-, a:iil some kinde ol' natinall ('ainli.iii'lla .in order, bill no man is b'lind to keepe il, iliainoiKls. Tl \ere is in the citv o hut they lli.it will: bat .ill ihe l'orliii;.ill m,ii< li.iiils keepe ii. the which is iliis There are in lliis cilv icrt.iin brokers sthiih are (Jenlihs and i I ^real aiith( rit\ , ai,d bane ciiery one of iliem mieenc or iweiily -eriianls, .mil the M.irclianls thai \-e tli.it couiitrev haiie tlieir Hroker>, Willi which thev hi' seriieil : .oid iImv th.it h iiie mil bene llu re are iiiroriiied by their Trieiuls of the order, and oT wh.ii Broker ilu'y shall besenii'il. Now eiierv liftcene dives (asaboiic- savd) that the lli'cl to be di-< h.ir^i'd out ol ihe ship, .iiid i>ivei!i ihe i ii~li>mc, ;iiid c ,iu«et;i it to be brouijhl into the ho se where the HKirchani liith, Th cse noocls I' . , ihe M.uih.iiit not knovvini; anv Im.ii; ihercnl, neiilur cu-iome, nor charuc- h(i .Man h.mt il he hane aiiv desire to sell his are woith .it I'l.it pr»'s( nt timer .Vnd if he hith a desire io sell his i;oods presently, then a( iKil iiist:int liie Broker scdieth them av\ i\. .M'ler this the Bri'ker .savlh l.> the .\!;irchanl. voii irounht lo this p;is,e inl i the house ol' llu- .M.irchant, the Br.'kir demaiidelh of the mt il he liane aiiv desire to sell his jjnods or iii.ircl,:iiulise, al the pri-es iliat sm |i \v;irev h iiie so nine h oT euerv sort ol m.irc h ind ise iie;it anc I cl care ol euerv < h'irm' mil ^o much ndiliis. then the ready nwniev. And il' the Marchant will einplov his money in otiier ci broker lelleth him that siii hand such tommoilities will co-t sn mnih, put :il'oord without any iiiaiHT ol chirnes. The .\Iaiciiant \ ndcrsl.iiulinu the elicit, nuikelh Ids anoiint; arid if hi- tliinke i.i l.iiy or sell at llu |irieisinrrant. lu' jrineih order to ma^e nis mm h.uulise a say : and il lie halh CO iinodilv lor (HMM.dukets, a'l s albe b irlrcd hie aw .IV in filteeiie dave- wilh- oiit anv lare ur trouble: and when as the .\l.irch;ml i.iiiikcili ih.it he cannot sell his j;ooils at Ihe f. . f^ i' • f% \i *■ '/ iH VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, .1/. Cttsar Frederick. llieit ^tOIC 01 men I't wirre anJ loueis on tlic coa^t ot L'4tntut.i. A mail' KinJ ■ Tara an Iiland ulirrrc! (Jduri- Liii wiiictii, [ag. ■II the prise nirrant.hc may tary as long as he will, but they cannot be solde by any in;in bnt bv th;\t Broker that bath taken thcni (>n land and payed tlic nistonic: and pnrcliaiico l;iryinj; sontr- tiincs for sale of their commodity, they makej^ood profit, and somefinirs lossc: bnt those niar- rhandisc that come not ordinarily ciierv iiftcenc dayes, in taryinj; for tlic s:\lr of thi-ni tiicrc is great profit. The barks that lade in Cambaictla jio for Din to lade the ships that ;;,) frdin thence for the streijthts of Mecca and Ormus, and some <^o to ("haul and (ica: and these sliips be very well appointed, or els are jjuarded by tlie Armada of the Puriimals, for that there are many Corsaries or Pvrats which goe coursing nlong-it that coast, robbing and s|)oiling: and for feare of these tlieeues there is no safe sailing in those seas, but with ships very well ai)puinled and armed, or cIs with the fleet of the l'i.l liieir Iir.u elcls. D.unan. I5.is.in. 'i'.m.i. Il.\iniii; |, '— ed Diu, I i ame to the second ( il\ that the I'orluiials li.iue, called Daman, -iiu- atc in the terrilorv oi Camli.iia, distant from Diu an liu:nlr<'d ami iwenlv miles: it is n;, towne of menh.uidise, sauc Kice and corne, ;uicl halli manv \illagcs muIci it, wiicre in time of ])eaee the I'orlugals l.ike their |)lcasure, liiM in time of warre tiie enemies haue the spoile of (hem; in such wise that ihe I'orlugals haue little benefit bv them. Nc\l \iito Damais \iiii -hall haue JJ.isaii, which is a fillln jjlace in rcspec t of Daman : in this |)lace is liiee, Corne, .ind Timber to makeshippes and gallics. And a smkiII diMancc lievond Hasan is a lillle Hand called Tana, a place \ers populous with I'orlii'^als, Moore-, and (ie'ililes : these haue uothiii- in;! Itric, there ,ire maiiv makers of .Xruu'sie, and weauer- of girdles of wnoll and luimb.i-i hl.i, ',.,■ and rcdde like lo Mooehancs. Of tile lilies of Ch.iul, and of' the ralmer tree. Hl'sond this li.uid \ou shall tiiule (haul in the firme land; and they are two i itics, one . t the I'lrlugals, and llie other ol the Moores: that i ilv whii h the I'ortugals haue is sjtu.ite lower then the other, and goueriuih the nuuith of the harbour, and isverv slronglv walled: and.w it were a mile and an halfe lii-i.mt from this is the cilv of .Moores. gouerned by iheir kin; /amalluco. In the lime of \.arris ihi re cannot anv great ships eome to ihe i iiv of ilie Moeres, because the I'orluga!- v\ ilh iheir ordiir.uii e will sincke them, for th.il ■■,c\ must jur- force |)asse by the castles < f ilie I'l rni;;aN: boih the ciliesare porN of the se.i, and are gri.i cities, and haue Mito them gre;it irafliipie and trade of men haiiilise, of all sorts of' -pni-, driigges, sllke.ilolh ofsilkr, Sanilol-. .Njarsine, \ ersine, I'onelane of( hina, N'eluels amis, in- lets liial come from I'lirtugall and from Meca: with many other sorles of nu-rchainli-e. lliii ■ coine euf.ry \ cere from t.'ochin, and from CanaiU)r teiine or fdleene great shijipes laden u.i i ^riai.N'iis eureil.and with Sugar made ofthesel.'e ^ame Nuts called (iiagr;i : the tree where, n llie-e rjinr Frederick, M. Cxsar Frederick. TRAFFIQUF.S, AND DISCOUERIES. lliescNiils doc jjrow is called the Piilmcr tree: and thorowoiit all the Indies, and especially I'roMi tills place to Cioa there is jfrcat abundnnce of them, and it is like to the Date tree. In the whole world there is not a tree more prolitable and of more noodnesse then this tree is, nci- ihi-r doe iiHii reape so much benefit of any other tree as ihcy doc of this, there is not any ji.iit of it i)iit scnieth lor some vse, and none of it is woorthy to be burnt. With the timber (if this tree lliey make shippes without the mixture of any other tree, and with the leaues tlu rc(.r i!u y make sailes, and with the fruit thereof, whicli be a kinde of Xuis, thcv make w'mc, and of the wine they make Sugir and I'lacelto, which wine they <;atlier in the s])rin<; of the vcere : out of tin- middle of the tree wliere continually there novth or runneth out while li'.|Uour like vnio water, in that lime of the yeere they jnit a \es-;el vndcr eucry tree, and cilery eueninj; and morniii;j; thcv lake it away full, and then distilllnjf it with lire it makeih a \Ci"y strons; liquour: and then they put it into bills, with a <|uantity of Zibibbo, white or hiacke and in short time il is made a perfect wine. Alter this they make of the Nuts ^reat store of oile: of the tree they make j^rcat quaiitily of l)ooriles and qiiaiters for buildiiij^s. 01' ilie barke of this Irci' ihey make cables, ropes, and other furniture for shi])|)es, and, as they s.iv, these ropes be bitter then thcv that are made of Hempe. They make of the bowes, bccUled>i, al'ler ihe Indies fashion, and Scaiiasches for merchandise. The Icniics they cut very small, and weaiie ihem, and mi make sailes of them, for all mancr of shi|)pin!i, or els vcrv line mats. And then the (ir.-.t riiule of the Nut thcv stampe, and make thereof perfect Ockani to caike shi|)pes, i;reat ami small: and of the hard barke thereof they make sjxones and other vessels fur meat, in such wise that there is no ])art thereof throwen away or ca-t to the lire. When the-^e Mais be ureene ihev are full of an excellent swee' water to drinke: and if a man belhir-.l\, « ilh the li<[iinr of one of the Mat-^ he ma\ satislie himsellc: and as this Nut ri- ])cnclh, the liiphair Ihcrccf lurnelh all to kcrnell. There xoelh out of ('haul for.Mallaca, for (he Indies, for Macao, for l'i>rliiL;all, for ihe coasts of .Melinile, for Ormu-^, a- it were an iidi- iiile number and <|u.iniilv of i^cuuls and men haudise that come out of the k'P'dome of Cam- h.iia, as ( Kilh of bumb.i^t while, painted, |)rinted, ;,'rcat jpiantitv of Indico, Opium, ("(ilton, >ilke of eiierv >ort, urc.il »ltore of Fetida, i;reat i-tore of \ron, ( .>nu', and other meichandi»c. The Moore kiiit; Zamalluco is of (;reat power, as one that al need may command, iV hath in his camp, two hundred thousand men of warre, and hath j^rc.it store of aiiillery, some of tiiem made in |)icces, which for their ureatncNse can not bee LMiicdto and fro: yet allhoiii'.h they bee made in pieces, thev are so clone, and there hatii bene of that sliot •.(•Ml vni'i the kiui; of l'oinif;.dl for the rarenes of the thins;. The citv where the kinjj Za- m.ilhi( •' li.ith hi- beiii;;, i- within the kind of ("lianl -euen or eii;ht daves ioiTiuy, which city > i.illid .\i)ncncr. Ihrce More :muI tenne miles from Chuil, lowanis the Indies, is the port .1 D.ibiil, an hauen of iht kiiij; Z.nnallaio : from ihence totloa is an hundred and fifty miles. ( i oa . (iOa is ilie pi'iiu ipall < iiy that the I'orliinals haue in i!\e Imlics, wherein the Viceroy with il,'. ro\.ill C'i>url is resident, and is in an Hand which mav be in circuit line and twenty or iliiru mile-. : ;iiid ihe city with the borotii;hs is rcasonat)le bi<;<;e, and for a citie of ihc Indies il Is rc.isoiKible I'aire, but the Hand is farre more fiiiir: for it is as ■' were full of i;oodlv gardens, rt|)lenishe, this kinj; (,iine lo i^iue ass.iull to (0:1, bein;; encain|)ed neere \iito it bv a riiier >0L. II. V ) side 3\o Ct'tii ortiinince -iiaJf 111 [Mccii, i''J yet struic^ at) If, Thf • il y' i! "f%\ h V 7 I 346 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Casar Frederick. A vfry j:ftod mIv for huttd. A moit vnkiiid & Wifkcd tica^o af;ain:.t thrir princr . thiithf) hdve for giiiing credit ti' itran> jfrs rather Ihrn to their cwne iijtiue ptcfl*. Ihr liikili,' of ihc kit*. Ad cicellent gucxt j-ol ty to Inlra^ m-i. Hide with an army of two hundred thousand men of warrc, and he lay at t .. siege fourefeone moneths: in which time there was peace concluded, and as report went amongst his people, there was great calamity and mortality which bred amongst them in the time of Winter, and also killed very many elephants. Then In the yeere of our Lord 1567, I went from Goa to Bezcney;er the chiefe city of the kingdome of Narsinga eight daycs iourney from Goa, within the land, in the company of two other merchants which carried with them three hundred Arabian horses to that king : because the horses of that countrcy are of a small stature, and they pay well for the Arabian horses : and it is requisite that the merchants sell them well, for that ihev stand them in great charges to bring them out of Persia to Ormus, and from Ormus to Gna, where the ship that bringeth twenty horses and vpwards payeth no custome, neither ship nor goods whatsoeuer; whereas if they bring no horses, they pay 8 per cento of all thoii poods : and at the going out of Goa the horses pay custome, two and forty pagodies for eucry horse, which pagody may be of sterling money sixc shillings eight pence, they be pieces of golde of that value. So that the Arabian horses are of great value in those countreys, as 300, 400, 500 duckets a horse, and to 10(X) duckets a horse. Bezeneger. THe city of Bezeneger was sacked in the ycerc I.")fi5, by foure kings of the Nfonrcs, which were of ijreat power and might : the names of these foure kings were these following;, the first was called Dialcan, the second Zaniuluc, the thirti ("oiamaluc, and the fourth Viridv : and vet these foure kings were not able to ouercome this city and the king of BezeneuiT, but by trea.son. This king of Bezeneger was a CJeulile, and had, amongst all other oC Jus caplaines, two which were nritable, and they ^^e^e .Nfoorcs : and these two ra|)taines li.ul either of them in charge threescore and fen or fourescore thousand men. These two laji- taincs being of one religion with the foure kings which were .Moores, wrought meiines wiih them to betray their owne king into their hands. The king of Bezeneger esteemed not the force of the foure kings his enemies, but went out of his city to wage battell with them in the ficldes; and when the armies were ioyiied, the baltcll lasted but a while not the space nf Ibure houres, because the two traitourous captaines, in the chiefest of the light, with iluir companies turned their faces against their king, and made such disorder in his armv, thai ,i> astonied they set ihemseiues to fli: ht. Thirty yceres was this kin;;(lonic gouerned by ilircc brethren which were tyrants, the whn h keeping th<' riglitful king in prison, it wa-. their xvc cuerv yeere once to shew him to the people, ami they at their pleasures ruled as they lisird. These brethren were three ca[)taines belonging to the father of the king thev kept in pristm, which when he died, left hi- -onne verv vong, and then ihcv tooke the gouernment to ihem- seiues. The chiefest of these three was called Hainaragio, and sale in the rovall throne, and was called th'> king : the second was called 'rcniiragio, and he tooke the utuiernmeni on him- the third was called lieiigatre, arul he was caplaine generall o| ih;' army. These ihrrc brethren were in this battell, in the wiiich the c liiclcst and flu- la>.t were neuer heani uf quitke nor ileail. Onelv Teineragio fled in the battel, hauing lost one of Ins eyes : when the newes came to the ciiv of the ouertlirow in the hattill, the wines and duldren of lhc horses, ti> bring ilicin to him, and he woidd pay well for them, and for this cause the aliire- savd two .Merchants that I went in ( onipanv wilhall, carried those horses that ihey had to lic- zeneger. Also this Tsrant niac'e an order or lawc, that if any iMerch.int had anv of the horNCs that were taken in the afoicsavd baitcll or warres, although thev were of his owne marke, tliathc would giuc as much for ihciu as they would : and besides he gauc generall sale conduct r Frederick. vV. Casar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 34? Londuct to all that should bring them. When by this meanca he saw that there were great store of horses brought thither vnfo him, hee gaue the Merchants faire wordes, vntill such time as he saw they could bring no more. Then he licenced the Merchants to depart, with- out giuing them any thing for their horses, which when the poore men saw, they were des- perate, and as it were mad with sorrow and griefe. 1 rested in Bczeneger seuen moneths, although in one moneth I might haue discharged nil my busincsse, for it was necessary to rest there vntill the wayes were clecrc of theeues, which at that time ranged vp and downe. And in tlic time I rested there, I saw many strange and beastly deeds dene by the Oentilcs. Fir^t, when there is any Noble man or woman dead, they Ijurnc their bodies : and if a married man die, his wife must burne herseirc aliuc, for the louc of her husl)and, and with the body of her husband : so that when any jnan dieth, his wife will take a moneths leaue, two or three, or as slice will, to burne her sell'o in, and that dav being come, wherein shee ought to be buriU, that morning shee goetli out of her hoii-ic vcrv e:irely. either on horsebaeke or on an eliphant, or else is borne by eight men on a siiial stage : in one of these orders she goeth, being apparelled like to a Jiride, carried rdiiiid about tlie Citv, wiiii her haire downe about her shoulders, '^'arnished with icweis and flowers, according to the estate of the partv, and they goc with as great iov as IJrides due in \'eniee to their nuptials : slice eairietli in her left hand a looking glassc. and in her right hand an arrow, and siiigeth thorow the Citv as she passeth, and savth, that she ;:«jetl> to sleepe with lierdterc spowse and husband. She is accompanied with her kindred and friends vntill it be one or two of the clocke in the afternoone, then they goe out of the City, and going along the liiiers side called Nigondin, which runneth vnder the walle-* of the Citv, vntill they come \ nio a place where tticy vsc to make this burning of women, being wid- dowes, there is prepared in this place a great scpi.ire caue, with a little pinnacle liarrf bv it, toure or Hue steppes \p: llie foresayii kinseman of her hu-band liv the hand, and they bo;h goe together to the baiike of the fore>ayd riiicr, where shee puileth oil" all her iewels and all her clothes, and •'jiu't.i them to her parctits or kiiise'oike, and i ouering hersell'e with a cloth, because she will not be --ecne of the people Ixin'j, naked, she throweth herselfe into the riuer, saying, O vsrelrhes, wash away v I'lir sinnes. ( dniming out of the water, she rowleth herselfe into a '. t'llow ( loih of fonrctelie i. m the iiinnaeie, shee talkelh and reas; cth with the people, reroin- nienchies \o- \ \ i gether .K dimiption of t[i'- burning danciii.' vhtn thry slioiiid niouriie. MourniDg whni tllpy sllovUd rcio\cr. •liiit I t f t V' M irl ill ■} w ^ ;^.! t.i )l(^ >* .11 „ ' f ^'i.l' !l . ii„* ;) 348 The cause why the wnmcn do lo Suriic them- M,lues. P.Tifjondf. Meii tide oil bullncki, and tLUItlt ^MIh thrm on tlic wiy. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Casar Frcrkrid, gethcr with him. Also in tliis fcinp;dome I ha\ic scene amongst the base sort of people this vse and order, that the man beinj; dead, hee is carried lo tiie place where they will make hi, sepulchre, and setting him as it were vprin;ht, then commeth his wife b' fore him on her knees, casting herarmes about his necke, \sith imbracing and clasping him, \ ntill such time as the Masons hauc made a wall round about them, and when the wall is as high as their neckrs, tlicre ccmmcth a man behinde the woman and sirangleth her : then when she is dcavl, the wirkemen linish the wall oucr tlieir heads, and so they lie buried both together. Besides these, there are an infinile ninnber of beastly (pialities amongst them, of which 1 haue no desire to write. I was desirous to know the cause why ihesc women would so wilfully burne theni- sclues against nature and law, and it was told mee that this law was of an antient time, to mnkr pronision against the slaughters which wdincn made of their husbands. For in these (I,i\(n before this law was made, the women for eiiery little displeasure that their husbands had done vnto them, wcnilil presentlv [loison tiieir husl)ands, aiul lake other nten, and now by rensnn of this la.v thcv are more faithful! \nli) their husbands, and count their lines as deare as tlu'ir owne, because that after his de.iiii her owne followetli presently. Ill the veere of our I-onl (iod l.j()7, for the ill succcsse that the pco|)le of Bezcn'-gcr hid, in that their City was sacked b\ the foure kings, tiie king with his t'ourt went to dwell in a castle eight dayes ioiiriiey vpin the iaiul from 15e/eneger, called I'enegc nde. Also sixes iouriiev from 15e/eneger, is the place where thcv get Diainaiits: I was mil there, l)ui it w,,, tolde me that it is a great place, compassed with a wall, and that ilicv sell ihe earth within ilu wall, for so much a scpiadron, and tiie limits are set how decDe or how low tliey shall di;;i;c. Those Dianianis lluil are of a cerlaiiie sise and biiiger liu'ii that >' 'e, are all for ihe king, u |, manv \eeresagone, siiuc ihev ges stand stil', but em|)ly, and there is dwelling in them in llung, as is reporldl, b..t Tvgers and dilx-r wilde beasts. The tirtiiil of this t ity is foure iV iwenlie miles ahri;!, and within liic w dies are i I'ricine inountaincs The houses >iaiul walled with earth, .nA pl.iine, all sauiiig the three jialares of the llirce tyrant brethren, and llie I'agodes which :iri' idole hi us( s : the-e are made with lime and tine marble. 1 haue scene m.iM\ kings Court-, .uiil vet haue I scene ni'iu' in i;rc,itnesse like lo this of Ikveiieger, I sa\ , for tiie order of hi- pi. lace, for it halh nine gates or ])orls. lirst when yen f^oe into the place where the king (Jul lodge, there are line gnat |)orls or gales: these are kept with C iplaincs and sonldicrs: then within these there are foure lesser gales: which are ke|)t with I'orlers. Without the (irst i;.iii' there is a little pc^di, where there isa C.iplaine with line ami Iwenlie s(uildiers, that kce|itih watch and ward tii;;ht and day: and wiihin t!ial another with ihe like guard, whereihrnu they come in a \erv lairi- ('eliies in ?tead olgii-dlcs v\iih Mime line while bomba-t cloth: tiiey liaiie breeches after liie order of the Turk^: iliev weare on their feet plaine high things called of them .Vspergh, and at llieir cares they hauc h.mging gre.it plentv ofuolde. Hcliirniiig to mv \ovage, when we were li gelher in Ancola, one of inv companions that h.id nolhing lo lose, tooke a guide, and \>cnt to (Joa, uhiiher thev g--.- in lourc davcs, the other I'ortugall not being ili-p(i>ed to i;o, taried in .\neola for that U ii'\r. The Winter in those pails of the Indies b.ginneth the til'tceiith of Mav, and l.istelli \nto the end of October: and , .1-. we were in Ancola, liierc lanic another Mareh;uit of horses in a palanehine, and two I'ortu- gall souldiei's ivliieh came from /eilan.and two eariers ol Ictlci-s, whidi were Christians Ixirne in the Indies ; all the^e consorieil to g^ie to (ioa together, ;iiid I determined to :;iie with them, and caused :i pallam hine to be made for me \cr\ jjoorelv ol' C'anes ; and in one of them Canes I liid jiriiiiU all the iewils 1 h:id, ;nHl according to the order, 1 tooke eight I'ali liiiics t:)(aryme: and one d,i\ about eieui'ii of the cliike wee set forwards on our iourncv, and about two of the liocke in the :iftcniooiie, as we passed a mountainc which diuideth the ter- ritory of .Vncola and Di.ilcan, I being a little bchinde mv compaiiv was assaulted by eight thceues, foiire of them hail swordc^ and targets, and the other foure had bowes and ar- rowes. When the I'.ili hiocs lh:il e;irricd me viiderstood the noise of the assault, thev let the pallam liine and me I'.ill to tlie gn und. :ii:d r.innc aw;iv ,iiul left me alone, with my clothes wrapped abpiit me: pre-eiit!\ tlie thecius we:e on mv iiecke ;ind rlleling me, tlu'\ stripped me Starke n:ikcd, :md 1 lairu d my •iclfe -iekc. bee;ui-.e 1 wiuild imt le.iiie llu- ]);ill.i:u hine, and I had m:ide me .i l.itle beilde of m\ clothes; the thceues s(>ught it verv ikutowK and subtiMv, ami found iwn puixes that I liad, well b;iund vp together, wherein I h;id put m\ Copper money which 1 had (hanged for foiiii' pagodies in .\iuiila. fhe thecues thinking it h.id beenc so many duckats of golde, siarchcd no further ; then thev threw all mv clothes in a bush, and hied them away, and a^* (Jod would haiie it, at their departure there fell from them an hand- kerchcr, and when 1 saw it, I rose from mv I'allanchine or couch, and tooke it \p, .ind wrapped it to.cthcr .ithin mv I'.ill.uichine. 'fhen tliese m\ I'.ili hines were ( f so good condition, that they returneil to sicke nice, whereas 1 tlioiiuht 1 should not haiie found so mm h goodnesse in them: bcau'-c tliey were p;iyed their monv alore'iand, ;is is the \sc, I had thought to haue secne th- ni no more. lietore thiir comniiiig 1 w;is dctcrniined to |)liKke the Cane wherein in) icwels were hiilden, out of my couli li, ,ind to h uie m;ide me a w.dking stalfe to carrv in my hand to (>oa, tl. inking that I shonid h.uie gone thither on foot, but by the laithfullncss of at I'i.U hines, 1 was lid ol' that trouble, and su in lourc daves thev carried me to (ioa. in whii l\ riuir Winter , iir Suiiinur. fP ' f<. M ' \'l' '■ 1 ■: c\ ftM -4 ..i '.i f> mM'i W >ii. ^ ;430 iortr«i't' (hi il-iiell is a vcr\ A- t'ut CO; ;itir\. Iinmif' to tl't. kiM^ vt IN It-.. .■• I' ■„■.,, ;■• .• -V ■■ ( Khuli;." ! lv< .•:.-;-•!.:;. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, J»/. Cdfsor Frederick. whirh time I made hard fare, for the thceues left me neither money, golde, nor sihier, and that which I did cat was f;iucn me of my men for Gods sake ; and after at my rommin" to Goa I payed them for eucry thing royally that 1 had of them. From Goa I departed for Cochin, which is a voyage of three hundred miles, and betwecne these two cities are irin- ny holdcs of the Portiigals, as Onor, Mangalor, Barzelor, and Cananor. The Hokle or Fori that you shall haue from Goa to Cochin that bclongcth to the Portugals, is called Onor, whicli is in tlic kingdonie of the quccne of Ballacella, which is tributary to the king of Hezcncgcr ; 'here is no trade there, but onelv a charge with the Captaine and company he kee|)cth there And passing this place, vou shall come to another small castle of the Forlugals called Mant;a- lor, and there is \cry small trade but oriely for a little Rice ; and from thence you goe to a lit- tie fort called Bazdor, there they haue good store of Rice which is carried to Goa : and from flicnce vou shall goe to a city called Cananor, which is a harquebush shot di^tant from ilu- ( iiiefcst city that}' king of Cananor hath in his kingdome being a king of the ('entiles: and he & his are very naughty & malicious people, alwayes hauing delight to be in warres viih the Portiigales, and when they are in peace, it is for their interest to let their mercliandi/i' passe: there goeth out of this kingdom of Cananor, all the Cardamomfi, great store nf I'm. per, (linger, llonie, ships I.idcn with great Nuts, great quantitie of Archa, which is a fruit i.| the liiguc-sc of Nutmegs, which fruitc they eate in all those partes of the Indies and l)e\oml the Iii'liulsioii. I'ro Caiiantr vi-u go to Cr.M);;;\n"r, whi( li is anolluT sioal Fort of the Porlu:,'ales in the l.iiid i>f die king of Crauuannr, whidi n anoliur king of the (ieiitik's, and a (ountrev of small ini|)nrlaiuc, and of an huiulreih a!;(| tweulie miles, lull of thii'nes, being viiiler the king of ("alii ul, a kini; als.v of the (ienlilc'i, and a great enciiiie to the Portugalts, whicli when hee is ab>a\es in uarres, hee and his coini- trev is the nest and rcslinj; for stranger theeues, and those bee called .Nfnores of Carpos.i, he. cause they weare on their heads lotig red hats, and these ihieues part the spovlcs that lhi\ take on tlie Sea witii the king of Calicut, for hee giueth leaue Mito all that will goe a nniiii.-, lilieraily to goe, in such wise, that all alon;; that coast there is such a ninnbcr of ihieues. th.t there is no saiiini,; in those Seas but \siih ^reat >t;ips and \(r\ well armed, or els iliev inii.i go in coMip.un with the army of the PcTtuunl-. From Cranganor to Co( hin is l.>. miies. Corhiii COriiin i-, iu\t \iito (ioj, tlie cliicfest place that the I'orlug.iles haue in the ln^, one of the l'orlug:iles, and another of the king of Cochin : tli.il of the I'ortii- gales is situate neerest \ nio the .Sea, and that of the kiiii; of Coi hin is a mile and a IkiIIc \ ji higher in the land, but thev are both set on the baiikes of one riiicr wlucli is very L:re:il ami Casar Frederick. M. Cxmr Frederick. TRAFFTQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 361 s composilKui, , of a good depth of water, which riiicr commeth out of the inountaincf) of the king of the Pepper, which is a kino of the Gentiles, in whose kingdom are many Christians of saint Thomas order: the kins; of Cochin is also a king of the Gentiles and a great faithfull friend to the kinij of Portugale, and to those Portngalcs which are married, and arc Citizens in the Citie Cochin of the Portugales. And by this name of Portngalcs throughout all the Indies, they call all the Christians that come lut of the West, whether they bee Italians, Frenchmen, or Almaincs, and all they that marric in Cochin do get an office according to the trade he is of: thin they haue by the great priuileges which the Citizens haue of that city, because there are two principal commodities that they dealc withal in that place, which oreatiiriuiittc; arc these. The great store of Silkc that commeth from China, and the great store of Sugar of^'cochinhi'' which commeth from Bcngala : the married Citizens pay not any custome for these two com- modities: for all other commodities thev pav 4. j)er cento custome to the king of Cochin, rating their goods at their owne pleasure. Those which arc not married and strangers, pay in Cochin to tlie king of Portugale eight per cento of all maner of merchandise. I was in Cochin when the Viceroy of the king of Portugale wrought what hce coulde to breakc the priuilege of the Citizens, and to make them to pav custome as other did: at which lime the Citizens were glad to waigh their Pepper in the night that they laded the ships wilhall that went to Portugale and stole the custome in the night. The king of Cochin hau- iiig vnderstanding of this, would not suller any more Pe|)per to bee weighed. Then pre- sently alter this, the marcliants were licensed to doe as tiiey did before, and there was no more speach of this matter, nor any wrong done. This king of Cochin is of a small power in respect of the other kings of the Indies, for hce can make hut seuentie thousand men of amies in his canipe : liee iiatii a great number of (ientlemen which hee calleth Amochi, and some are called Nairi : these two sorts of men estecine not their lines any thing, so that it mav 1)1' for the honour of their king, they will thrust ihemselucs forward in eiiery danger, illlKuigli llu'\ know tliey shall die. These men goe naked IVcmi the girdle vpwardes. with a ilullie ri'ilid al)()iil their tliigh-i, iioiiig barefooted, and hailing their haire verv long and rolled \|) tii^ellier on the li)p|)e of their heads, and :ilwaycs iliey carrie their liucklers or Targets wild tiiem and their swordes naked, these Nairi haue their wines common amongst tliem- seUies, and when anv of Miein goe into the hoiise of any of tiiese women, hee leauetli his svvorde and target at the doo,-, and the ti>'.ie that hee is there, there dare not any bee so liarilie as 111 Kinie into that house. i'liv i^nigs children shall not inherite the kingdome after ihi'ir lathir, liecause th< \ hold ihi-^ opinion, that per( hance ihev were not begotten of the king liuir lailier, i)nt of some oilier man, tlurelore iliev .iccept for their king, one of the sonnes of the kingx sisier<, or ( f some other woman of the lilood roial, lor that they be sure they are of ilie bhiod roiall. The N.iiri and their wines vsc for a liraueric to make great holes in their cares, and s(j Avtiv,„a,.jr hii.;.;e and wide, that it i> iiureilible, holding litis opinion, that the greater the holes bee, bc'^k-tufd! ' llie more noble they esteeme ihemselucs. I had leaue of one of them to measure the cir- (iimference of one of tlieni with a threcd, and within that circumference 1 put mv arme vp I.I the MJiinilder, ( lothed as it was, so that in ell'et t they are monstrous great. T'hus thev doc make them when they be litle, for then thev open the eare, & hang a piece of gold or Ic.id ihertal, >v within the (ipeiiing, in the Imle thev put a certaine leale that thev haue for that purpose, whii h maketh tl;e hole -d great. Thev lade ships in Cm hin for Portugale and for Or- iniis, lull thev that goe lor Or'-.uis larrie no Pepper hot bv Contrabanda, as for Sinamomc liuv e.isilie gel le.iiie to < ,i;, ie that awav, lor all oliur S|)i( es ami drugs they mav liberally larie tlicm to OrnuiMir C.unliaia, an. about two lim,. dred miles, the |)eoi)le there are as it were all turned to the Christian faith: there aiv also ('luir( lies of the I'ricis of S. I'aids order, which Triers doe very much ^ood in those place, in turning the people, and in i oniiertinj; them, and t.ike great paiiies in instructing the in III iht Christ. The (Ishiim for I'carles. flic otilpr how llu-y lish Ivit TUc Sea that iieili iielweene the coast which desccndeth from Cao Comori, to the Inwo land nf CI id tlie Hand Zeilan, they call the fi^hiiif; of I'earle^, whi( h h^hinJ^ they inalvc id it lasteth (iltie dave», hut they doe not tislic cutrv veere, heninniiif; in .March or Ajiril ciierv veere in one |)lace, hut one \eere in one |)lace, and another veere in another jjlace of the same sea. When the time of this lishinij draweih necre, then ihev send very seotl Di- uers, that );oe to disiouer where the j;reatest heapes of Oisiers bee vndcr water, and ri^'hi ai;avii>t tliat place wiiere jjreatest store of Oisiers hee, there thev make and a Ha/aro, all of stone, which slandelh as long a-, the (lulling lime iasleih, III it is lurnishcil witii all things necessarie, and iiowe ami then it is neere \ nto pi aces ilui are inhabited, and other times f.irre oil", according to the |)ia( e where the\ li>.lie. 1 he 1 i>lur- \\ill ina\ <;oe to lishing, paving a id men ure a 11 C liristiaiis of ilie coiinlrev, and wli laiiie dulie to the kini; of rorliigall, and to the Churches of the I'riers nf S.iiiit rauie. wWiiU are in tint coa-l. .Mi the while that tin v are (ishiiig, there are three or fmire l-'us|es aniidl to delei;d the rishermen from I{i tiers It was niv chance to bee there one lime in iiu pas- sage, and I s;iw the iirder that thev xsed in lishiiig, which is this. There are three or I'liiin- Jkirkes thai in. ike coii^-nrt together, wliich are like to our litle Pilot boates, and a litle \v^r ei"liteeiie ladoiue of w.iter, which is the Oidi depth of all that coast When thev are at anker, thev cast a rope into the Sea, and al ihc elide of the rojie, the\ make l.ist a gre.it >t lie, .mil then there is rcadie a man that halli h and Ills e.ues wi ■11 s|, ■<1. nut anni 1 iited \Mlh o\ l( a basket about his iiei ke, or is lelt ariue, tlicn hi c uncili dowiie In the rope to th le bntiome o Sea, and as fist .|. Ill hee lillelh the Ii.isket, and when it is lull, he shakelli the rope, and hi> fellowes tli.il .1 in the liarke hale him \|) with the basket : and in such wise thev goe one bv one vntill ila haiie lailcii llieii b.irke with o\s|irs, and at etiening thev ccine to tiie village, and then em ciim|>any m.iketh their moimt.iine or heape 1 f ovstersime distant from anotlier, in such wi lh..t voii sl;:i|| see a gnat lung rowe of moiiiit.uiies or heapes of ovsteis, .nid thev are n tl iiilud M.lill siich time a- ti.e (ishiiig bee ended, and at Itie elide of the lishinij eucrv lanie snii til round about their inounlaine or lu.ipe o( ov-ters. .iiul lall tn npe nin< whiili thev m.iv easilic doe because thev bee dead, iiii<-airi brillli id il pearles in t.;ein, it wi iild bee a ver\ punhasc, l.iil there are \erv I 111; 1)1 llieir ei:erv ovsier li.i I manv that liaiie ii^ juarles in them : wiieii the lishiniz is eiidei.', thin tlii\ see whether it bee a gnod yatluriii.; or a bailile : there are leriai' e e\pert in the pearle.s whom thev call Ciiitini, which set ami make the jiriK- of ji arlcs at i onli'i;; to their larracts, bpaiitie, and goodnessc, m.ikinL' I'lire iirtes of liiei' ■file lost s,,]i lice I le ri iiiiil iie.uk thev be lalhd Aia of I ('rliii;ale, beiause the I'orlU'.;aies due Inn them. 1 he stcnnd surte which are iiniroiinii. are callul .\:a of IJellg; that is l( J\ le tiiiril sfirt wliicli are lu sjiiod as the sei Olid, the\ c.ill .\ia of C.iii.i •a\ the kiP'udniiie of Hr/(-'ie'.;cr. liie IimmiIi and last soil. Willi 11 are the le.ist a;i(| wor-t siil, are call< J Ai if C f Ills the price being set, there are nun liaiit e' ciy cru:ilre\ \v iii h are reailie with tlieir in iiev 111 their II iii'iii \ n il t hiliiU I thai in a few* all i> 1 1,1 liiii Si I rises set aiiordiH'^ in (lie '_;i ovliiesse and caiaits i I the pearles. tlij li-iuiig I'l pe.ules is ,111 Hand called .Maiiar, wliiili is iiihabilcil b\ C lia: Cieiar Frederick. lis iinkc, or viu!i: M. Ca-sar Frederick. THAFFIQUl-S, AND DISC0UERIR8. S5i» lians of the coinitrpy which first were Gcnliles, and hauc a sin:ill hold of the Portiigalcs being ditiiate oner a);aynst Zcilan : and betwccnc these two Hands there is a chanell, but not very big, and hath but a small depth therein : by reason whereof there cannot any \^reai shippe |)ass»- that way, but small ships, and with the inrrease of tlic valcr which is at the change or the full of the Moone, and yet for all this they must vnlade ihem and put their floods into imall vessels to lif;hten them before they r;ui jjas-ie that way for i'eare of Sholdes that lie in (he chanell, and after lade them into their sliippcs to fjoe for l)ir buiies, and this doe all small ^llippes that passe that vsay, but those shijipes that j;oe for the Indies Ea^twardes, passe by the coast of Coromandel, on the other side by ilie land of riiilao which is l)etweene the firmc land and the Hand Manor: and going from the Indies to the coast of Coromandel, they loose some shi|)peji, but they bee eniptie, because that the shipjies that pan.se that way discharge iheir goods at an Hand called I'eripat.nie, and there land their goot'>.> into small flat bottomed boates 'vliiih drawe litle water, and arc called Tane, and can run nuer oucry Shold without cither danger or losse of any thing, for that they tarrie in I'erii>atanc vntill such time an it bee faire weather. Hel'ore thcv d.'part to passe the Sholdes, the small shippes and flat bottomed boates goe together in coinpanie, and when they haue sailed sixc and tliirlie miles, they arriue at the place where the Sholdes are, and at that place the windcs binwe so forciblic, that ther are forced lo coe thorowe, not hauing any other refuge to sane ihemselues. The flat bottomed boates ;;oe safe ihorow, where .xs the small shipper if they misse the aforesayd chanell, sticke fast on the Sholdes, and by this meanes many arc lo-^t: and comming backe from the Indie«, ihev goe not that way, but p.isse by the chanell of Manar as is abouesayd, whose chanell is Oazie, and if the shippes siicke f;tst, it is great chance if there be any danger at all. The reason \\h\ this chanell is not more sure to goe thither, is, because the windes that raignc or blowc bclweene /eilau and Manar, make the chanell so shalow with water, that almost there is not anv p.issa;:c. l-'roui Cao Comori to the Hand of Zcilan is 120. miles ouerthwart. Zcilan. ZF.il.ui i- an Hand, in my iudgeinent, a great dcaJc bigger then Cyprus; on that side to- wards the Indies Ivinj; Westward is the citie called Colinnba, which is a hold of the I'crtugalcs, hut without wallesor eniinie-;. It bath towards the Sea a free port, the lawftill kin^^ of that Hand is in Colunibo, and is lurne«l Christian and maintained by the king of Portugall, being (lc|)riued of his kingdome. The king of the (Jentilcs, to whom this kingdomc did belonif, \.3s called Madnni, which had two sonnes, the lir^t named Harbinas the prince ; and the second Hugiiie. 'I'his king bv the pollicic of his yoongcr sonne, was depriucd of his kingdoMic, who because hce h;i,l cniised an,)\v the\ ;.aliicr the Sinaniom, or take it lioni the tree that it groweth (ii, ;u)(l sxi much the''"'"'''"""' fjfhcr, because the time that I was there, was the season which thev g ither it in, which was in the nionetii of Aprill, at which time the Portugals were in armes, and in the field, with the king of the c<'Unlrey ; yet I to satislie my desire, although in great danger, tooke a guide with tnee ami went into a wood three miles from the Citie, in which wood was great store of kiiiainoine trees growing together among other wilde trees; and this Sinamome tree is a "iniall tree, and not \vx\ higli, and hath leaiies like to our IJaie tree. In the moneth of March -[hcuKniij «, or Ajirill. when the »appe gotlh vp to the toppe of the tree, then they take the Sinamom Bxhci'is"' v«L. II. Z z Irom ! ' \'''l '1 'ill "L *» '1« .'1 !'l < ! I . 1 ■\iu^ JI.4 :(inte(I kind of cIotIi \ dictl of dniprs i()- loiirt \^li:' li thott [ .:| If de ligtit muth in, and f tr -iiu- tlicm of grt«t prUe. liom that tree i)i this ^vis^•. Tlicy tut the l)arkc of the tree roiiiul about in length fmin knot Id knot, or IVdin ioiiit to ioint. iiboiu- and hclowc, anil iht-n cHilic with ihiir haiuhy ihcy lake it away, liiyin^ it in the Siinnc to dric, and in this wine it is j{alhcred, and \(t for all thi^i the tree dieth not, but anayntit the next yeere it will h -iir a new Larke, and thai which is jr,,. thercd cnery yeere it the l)C(«t Sinainonie: for that whiiii ^roweth two or thre;- ye.iren i« i^rcat, and not so good an the other is ; and in these wondM jfrowelh inueh I'eppcr. Negapatnn. FHom the Hand of Zeilan men vsc to jroc with small sliip|)cs to Ne^apatan, within the tirnie land, aiui -.euentie twoniiles otV is a very gr<'al Cilif, and very poi)ulons ol" l'ortii<>,ils and Christians "f the eoiinlre\, and part Gentiles: it is a countrev of small trade, iiciilicr liaue rhcv anv trade ihirc, saue a f^ood tpiantiiie of Hire, and cloth vi liumhait wliii li tlnj earic inlodiiieP' ])arles; it was a very plentilnll (onnire) of vidnaN, l)ul now ii halh a (;rc;ii se ; and that abundance of \ ictuals caiNCd many I'drtugalrs to goc ihiihcr and liiii!(| houses, and dwell there with small char<;e. This ('tie belonjictli to a noble ntan of the kingdonie of Ikv.cne;;er being a (icntiic, nciierllu'li ->>o the I'ortngales and other ("hrisliaiis are well inireated there, and hane iluii- Churches ilicre with a nionasicrie (d' Saint I'rancis order, with great deuoiioii and vers wril aciomnioilated, v^iih houses round about: yet lor all this, they are anion;;sl Ivraiit-, wliidi aiwaves at their pleasure inav doe ihein some harme, as it happened in the yeer<' of our l.(.|i| (Jod one thousand line hundred, »i\tie and due; lor I remember \cr\ well, how tlial ilu' Nayer, that is to sav, the lord of lIu" cilie, -cnt to the citi/cns to deni;iuml ol lliern ccilaiiic Arabian horses, and lhc\ hauini; denied ihcni \nio him, ami ;;aincsa\d his dem.Miiul, it lain.' to pas>e that llii- Imd had a desire to -ce the Sea, which v\hcn the poore < ili/cns vuderstmul, they doubled -ome cuill, lo he;ire a thing which wa- not wnont to bee, lhe\ thought tiiat this man would come to sai ke the Cilie, and prescnlK thev emb irked ihemselnes the l>r\ :itr I'rcdcrick. M. Casar Frederick. TUAITIQUr.S, AND DISCOUKIUKS. m f^rraf utorp of red Yiirnc, whirl) they die with n rootf ( ailed Suin, and lliis colour will npucr wiiHte, but the more it i« wanhcd, ilic iiimr redder it will shew: thc\ lade thiN yanie the jjrrateNt part ;u, because that ilieri- iliey worke and weaiic it tn make cloth accordiii,!.; to their owiie l.ishion, and widi h>ser chiirfiei. Ii i- a niariicli'u^ iliiiij; to Ihem which haiie not scene the lading and vnladin); ol" men I'.iid nu-rchandi/e in S. Tome as they do; it is a pi ice no il.niijcronH, that a man cannot hee scnied with small barkc-i, neither can they doe their bu'; lods, thrN lade them oti land, and when they are laden, the liarke-nien thrust tlu- boato wiiii her ladin!; into i!u' -ircame, aiui with jjreat speed ihey make haste all lh.it they are able to rowe out against liic liuue waues i, and with tliem they take one another, and so eale one another: and il'liv end chain e anv 'diij) be lost on those Hands, as many h.n.e bene, there is not one man ol' those ^U\\\> lo.^t there that eMMpeth unalen apple™, with Iresh Nuts, and \\ilh .1 Irinle callid Inuni, which friiite is like to onr 'rnrne|>s, but is \ery swceir and gotnl to e.ite; they would not come into the shippe lor an\ thing that wee could doe: neither would they take any money for their frnite, Imt thev wmild truckc for olde ■.liirtes or pieces of olde linnen breeches, these ragges thev let downe with a ro|ie into their J'>arke\nIo them. ai\d looke what they thou:;hl tho«e things to bee woorth, so mucii Iruile thev would m.ike last to the rope and let \s hale it in: and it w:is told mc that at sin,l)iey fate our anolher. Tfif commoJi- tirs t^atgrovr in tlic kintidoni of Aui. ■; *. ' 1: 'W^'f IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■ 30 "^ 2.5 ■^ 1^ III 2.2 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 < 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 U.A JSM VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, M. C(t»ar Frederick, The kingdomc of Aia. Iwroughea thereof, but the citie alway withstood him valiantly, and with their ordinance did great spoile to his campc. At length I came to the citie of Malacca, The Citie Malacca. The tmi iiidf MAIacca is a Citie of marueiloiis great trade of all kind of merchandize, which come from tii« u .It Ma. jiup,.^ partes, because that all the shippes that saile in these seas, both great and small, are bound to touch at Malacca to paie their riistome there, although they vnlade nothing at all, as we doe at Elsinor: and if by night they escape away, and pay not their ciistome, then, they fall into a greater danger after: for if they come into the Indies and haue not the seale of Malacca, they pay double rustome. I haue not passed further then Malacca towards the East, but that which I wil speake of here is by good information of them that haue bene there. The sailing from Malacca towards the East is not common for all men, as to China and lapan, and so forwards to go who will, but onely for the king of Portugall and his nobles with leaue granted vnto them of the king to make such voiages, or to the iurisdiction of the captaine of Malacca, where he expecteth to know what voiages they make from Malacca thither, & these are the kings voiages, that euery yere there departeth frO Malacca 2. galliont At the Moluc- of the kings, one of the goeth to J- Moluccos to lade Cloues, and the other goeth to Banda CkiSfc '**''" to lade Nutmegs and Maces. These two gallions are laden for the king, neither doe they rarie any particular mans goods, sauing the portage of the Mariners and souldiers, and for this cause they are not voiages for marchants, because that going thither, they shal not haue where to lade their goods of returne; and besides this, the captaine will not cary anv mar- chant for either of these two places. There goe small shippcs of the Moores thither, which come from the coast of laua, and change or guild their commodities in the kingdom of Assa, and these be the Maces^ Clones, and Nutmegs, which go for the streights of Mecca. The voiages that the king oi Portugall grantrth to his nobles are these, of China and lapan, from China to lapan, and from lapan to China, and from China to the Indies and the voyage of Bengala, Maluro, and Sondn, with the lading of fine cloth, and euery sort of Bumhasi cloth. Sonda is an Hand of the Afoores neere to the const of laua, and there they lade Theihipof Pepper for China. The ship that goclh euery yeere from the Indies to China, is railed the ofthePoti^iil'.^'^'P °^ Drugs because she carieth diners clrugs of Cambaia, but the greatest part of her lading is siluer. From Malacca to China is eighteene hundred miles: and from China to lapan goeth euery yeere a shippe of grc.nt importance laden with Silke, which for returne of their Silke bringeth barres of siluer which the\ truckc in China. The distance betwecne China and lapan is fnure and twentie hundred miles, and in this way there are diners llaiub not very bigge, in which the Friers of saint Paul, by the heipe of God, make many Christians iiwd! net diic» there like to themselucs. From these Hands hitherwards the place is not yet discoucrcd for '^"*' the great sholdncsse of Sandes that they find. The Portugals haue made a small citie ncrre vnto the coast of China called Marao, whose church and houses are of wood, and it hath a bishoprike, but the customs belong to the king of China, and they goe and pay the same at a citie called Canton, which is a citie of great importance and very beautifull two daycs iourney and a halfe from Macao. The people of China are Gentiles, and arc so iialous and fearefull, that they would not haue a stranger to put his foote within their land: so that when the Portugals go thither to pay their custome, and to buy their marchandize, they will not con- sent that they shall lie or lodge within the citie, but send them foorth into the suburbes, cwm u MKiei The countrey of China is neere the kingdom of great Tartaria, and is a very great countrey of rf'iiK J^t""" the Gentiles and of great importance, which may be iudged by the rich and precious mar- "^"V- chandize that come from thence, then which 1 beleeue there are not better nor in greater quantitie in the whole world besides. First, great store of golde, which they carie to the Indies, made in plates like to little shippes, and In value three and twentie caracts a peece, very great al)otindance of fine silke, cloth of damaske and taifata, great quantitie of muske, great quantitie of Occam in barres, great quantitie of quicksiluer and of Cinaper, great store of Cam fora, an infinite quantitie of Porcellane, made in veiaels of diuerse lortea, great quantitie of painted cloth and squares, inviitc M. Catar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. SS") infinite store of the rootes of China: and euery yeere there commeth from Ch!na to the Indies, two or three great shippes, laden with most rich and precious marchandise. The Rubarbe commeth from thence ouer lande, by tlie way of Persia, because that euery yeere there goeth a great Carouan from Persia to China, which is in going thither sixe moneths. The Carouan arriueth at a Citie called Lanchin, the place where the king is resident with his a j-nij Cir» Court. I spake with a Persian that was three yeeres in that citie of Lanchin, and he tolde JJcSS™ '"''* me that it was a great Citie and of great importance. The voiages of Malacca which are in the iurisdiction of the Captaine of the castle, are these: Euery yeere he sendeth a small shippe to Timor to lade white Sandols, for all the best commeth from this Hand: there com- meth some also from Solor, but that is not so good: also he sendeth another small ship euery yere to Cauchin China, to lade there wood of Aloes, for that all the wood of Aloes commeth from this place, which is in the firmc land neere vnto China, and in that king- dome 1 could not knowe how that wood groweth by any meanes For that the people of the countrey will not suffer the Portugales to come within the land, but onely for wood and water, and as for all other things that they wanted, as victuals or marchandise, the people bring that a bonrd the ship in small barkes, so that euery day there is a mart a matkci kipt kept in the ship, vntill such time as she be laden: also there goeth another ship for the jj?^""*'** said Captaine of Malacca to Sion, to lade Verzino : all these voiages are for the Captaine of* '"* the castle of Malacca, and when he is not disposed to make these voiages, he selleth them to another. The citie of Sion, or Siam. Slon was the imperiall seat, and a great Citie, but in the yeere of our LordGotl one thou- sand fine hundred sixtic and scuen, it was taken by the kin>>; >.f Pegu, which king made a voyage or came by landc foure moneths iourney with an armie of men through his lande, and the number of his armie was a million and foure huiidrcth thousand men of warre : Aprin«of» u'hcn hee came to the Citie, he gaue assault to it, and besieged it and twentie monethes ^^'^[1), ud before he could winnc it, with great losse of his people, this I knov '.r that I ;vas in Pegui»*"- sixe moneths after his departure, and sawe when that his officers 4 were in Pegu, sent Hue hundrcth thousand men of warre to furnish the places of ihem that were slaine and lost in that assault: yet for all this, if there had not beenc treason against the citie, it had not becne lost: for on a nipht there was one of the jraJes set open, through the which with };reat trouble the king gate into the citie, iiiul bciaine goucrnour of Sion: and when the Emperour sawe th.it he was betrayed, .nnd that his encmie was in the citie, he poysoncd him- selfe: and his wiues and children, frieiij'; and noblemen, that were not slaine in the first affront of the entrance into the citie, ivere all caricd captiues into Pegu, where I was at the (-omining home of the king with his triumphs and \iitoric, which comming home & return- ing from the warres was a goodly si<;I)t to beh.)l(i, to sec the Elephants come home in a square, lade.i with golde, sihier, iewels, and gather themseiues together with their trade, are ;i hundred miles, which they rowe in cigh- teene houres with the increase of the water: in which riuer it (lowclh and ehbeth as it dotli in the Thamis, and when the ebbing water is conic, they are not aide to rowe against it, hv reason of the swiftnesse of the w. v, yet their barkes be light and armed witli oares, like tn Foistes, yet they cannot preuaile against that streame, Iiut for refuge must make them fa>i to the banke of the riuer vnlill the next flowing water, and they call these barkes Bazaras and Patuas: they rowe as well as a Galliot, or ns well .is euer I haiic scene any. A gnod tides rowing before you come to .Satagan, you shall haue a place which is called Bailor, and from thence vpwards the ships doc not goe, because that vpwanles the riuer is very .shaliowe, and title water. Ei^ery yeere at Huttor lliev make and vnmake a Village, with houses ami shoppes made of strawe, and with all things necessarie to their vses, and this village stand- eth as long as the ships ride there, and till they depart for the Indies, and when lliry arc departed, euery man goeth to his plot of houses, and there setteth fire on them, which thing made me to maruaile. For as I |)asscd vp to Satagan, I sawe this village standinjr with a great number of people, with an inliniie number of ships and Bazars, and at my rc- turne comming downe with my Caplaine of the last ship, for whom I tarried, I was al nnia/cd to sec such a place so soune ra/ed and burnt, &i nothing left but the signe of the bnriit houses. The small ships go to Satagan, and there they lade. Of tisar Frederick. M. Casar Frederick. TKAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. or the citic orSatan[an. IN the port of Satagan eucry yeerc lade thirtie or (iue and thirtio ships great and small, with rice, cloth of Bombast of diucrse sortes, Lacca, great abundance of sugar, Mirabolans dried and presented, long pepper, oyle of Zerzeline, and many other sorts of marchandise. The citic of Satagan is a reasonable f.iire citie for a citie of the Moores, abounding with all things, and was gouerned by the king of Patane, and now is subiect to the great Mogol. I was in this kingdomc foure moneths, whereas many marchants did buy or fraight boates for their bcnefites, and with these barkes thcv goe vp and downe the riuer of Ganges to faires, buying their commoditic with a great aduantagc, because that eiiery day in the weeke they hauc a faire, now in one ])lace, and now in another, and I also hired a barke and went vp and downe the riuer and did my biisinessc, and so in the night I saw many strange things. The kingdomc of Bengala in times past hath bene as it were in the power of Moores, neuer- thclesse there is great store of Gentiles among them ; alwayes whereas I haue spoken of Gen- tiles, is to be vnderstood Idolaters, and wheras I speak of Moores I meane Mahomets sect. Those people especially that be within the land doe greatly worship the riuer of Gan- ges: for when any is sicke, he is brought out of the countrey to the banke of the riuer, and there they make him a small cottage of strawe, and euery day they wet him with that water, whereof there are many that die, and when they are dead, they make a heape of stickes and boughcs and lay the dead bcdie thereon, and putting fire thereunto, they let the bodie alone vntill it be halfe rosted, and then they take it off' from the fire, and make an emptie iarre fiist about his necke, and so throw him into the riuer. The.se things euery night as I passed vp and downe the riuer I saw for the space of two moneths, as I passed to the fayres to buy my commodities with the marchants. And this is the cause that the Portugales will not (Irinke of the water of the riuer Ganges, yet to the sight it is more perfect and clearer then ihe water of Nilus is. From the port Piqueno I went to Cochin, and from Cochin to Malacca, from whence I departed for Pegu being eight hundred miles distant. That voyage is woonf to be made in (iue and twentie or thirtie dayes, but we were foure moneths, and at the ende of three monetlis our ship was without victuals. The Pilot told vs that wee were bv his altitude not Carre from a citie^ called Tanasary, in the kingdouie of Pegu, and thc-c his words were not true, but we were (as it were) in the middle of many Hands, and many vninhnl)ited rockcs, and there were also some Portugales that atfirmed that thcv knew the l.ind, and knewe also wlu're tlie li e of Tana>;ari was. This citie of right bclouijeth to the kingdome of .Sioii, which is situate on a great riuers side, which commeih out of the kingdomc of Sion: and where this riuer runneth into the sea, there is a village called Mirgini, in whose harbour cuerv vecrc there lade some ships with Verzina, Nypa, and Beniamin, a few clones, nutmegs and maces which come from the cn,ist of Sion, but the greatest marchandise there is Ver/.in and Nvpa, which is an excellent wine, which is made of the lloure of a tree called Nvpcr. Whose liqueur thev distill, and so make an excellent drinke cleare as christall, good to the mouth, and belter to tiie stomake, and it hath an excellent gentle \erlue, that if one were rotten with the French pocke.s, drinking good store of this, he shall be whole againe, and I haue .scene it proued, because that when 1 was ill Cochin, there was a friend of mine, whose nose beganne to drop away with that disease, and he was counselled of the doctors of phisicke, that he should goe to Tanasary at the time of the new wines, and that he should drinke of the nyper wine, night and day, as much as he could before it was distilled, which at that time is most delicate, but after that it is distilled, it is more strong, and if you drinke much of ii, it will fume into the head with drunkennesse. This man went thither, and did so, and I haue seene him after with a good colour and sound. This wine is very much esteemed in the Indies, and for that it is brought so farre off, it is very deare: in Po!iU ordinarily it is good cheape, because it is neerer to the place where they make it, and there is euery yeere great quantitie made there- of. And returning to my purpose, I say, being amongst these rockes, and farre from the land which is ouer against Tanasary, with great scarcitic of victuals, and that by the saving of 359 The commodi- ties that are ladtn ill Satagan, Moorcj arc of the sect of Ma* hornet. A ceremony of thegentileswhcn tliey ire dcaJ. Marchandise comming tVom .Sion. Niptr wint ^cod to cure the French dlsei]*«'. '.mi'- !M ' 'I I 'mm 360 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Ctesar Frederick. 'V\.M || ' m. .'I ■' I LaSftW,'^ '■■•■•i,'j I of the Pylot and two Portugain, holding then firme that wee were in Tront of the aforegayd harbour, we determined to goe thither with our boat and fetch victualu, and that the shippe should stay for vs in a place amigned. We were twentic and eight persons in (he boat that went for victuals, and on a day about twelue of the clocke we went from the ship, assuring our selucs to bee in the harbour before night in the aforesaid port, wee rowed ^1 that day, and a great part of the next night, and all the next day without tinding harbour, or any signe of good landing, and this came to passe through the euill counsell of the two Portugales that were with vs. For we had ouershot the harbour and left it behind vs, in such wise that we had lost the ' lande inhabited, together with the shippe, and we eight and twentie men had no maner of victuall with vs in the boate, but it was the Lords will that one of the Mariners had brought a title rice with him in the boate to barter away fur some other thing, and it was not so much but that three or foure men would haue eaten it at a meale: I tooke the goucmmentofthi.i omintRmiiit Ryce, promising that by the helpe of God that Ryce should be nourishment for vs vntil It pleased God to send \s to some place that was inhabited : & when I slept I put the ryce into my bosome because they should not rob it froui me: we were nine daies rowing alongst the coast, without finding any thing but countreys vninhabitcd, & desert Hands, where if we had found but grassc it would haue seemed sugar vnto vs, but wee could not finde any, yet wi> found a fewe leaues of a tree, and they were so hard that we could not chewe them, we had water and wood sufficient, and as wee rowed, we could goe but by flowing water, for when it was ebbing water, wee made fast our boat to the banke of one of those Ilandes, and in these nine dayes that we rowed, wc found a caue or nest of Tortoises egges, wherein were one hundred fortie and foure egges, the which was a great helpe vnto vs : these egges are as bigf>r as a hennes egge, and haue no shell about them but a tender skinne, euery day we soddc :i kettle full of those egges, with an handfull of rice in the broth thereof: it pleaded God thai at the ende of nine dayes we discouered certainc lisher men, a fishing with small barkes, and we rowed towardes them, with a good chearc, for I thinke there were neuer men more glad then we were, for wee were so sore afflicted with penuric, that we could scarce stande on our legges. Yet accordinj; to the order that we set fiT our ryce, when wc sawe those fisher men, there Tjuiy vnder the was left sufficient for foure dayes. The first village that we came to was in the gulfeof Tauav, kinj of Pt|u, vnder the king of Pegu, whereas we found great store of victuals : then for two or three dayw after our arriuall there, we would eatr but title meate any of vs, and yet for all this, we were at the point of death the most part of vs. From Tauay to Martauan, in the kingdome of IV gu, are seuentie two miles. We laded our bote with \ictuals which were aboundantly siifli- cient for sixe muneths, from whence we departed for the port and Citie of M.irtauan, where in short time we arriued, but we found not our ship there as we had thought we should, from whence presently we made out two barkes to goe to looke for her. And they found her in great calamitie, and neede of water, bcin;; at an anker with a contrary winde, which came very ill to pa.ise, because that she wanted her boat a moneth, which should haue made Iter prouision of wood and water, the shippe also by the grace of God arriued safely in the aforr- said port of Martauan. The Citie of Martauan. WK found in the Citie of Martauan ninetie Portugales of Merchants and other base men, which had fallen at difference with the Hetor or gouernour of the citie, and al! for this cau^c, that certaine vagabondes of the Portugales had slaine fiue falchines of the king of Pegu, which chaunced about a moneth after the king of Pegu was gone with a million and fuure hundred thousand men to conquere the kingdome of Sion. They haue for custome in this Countrey and kingdome, the king being whcresoeuer his pleasure is to bee out of his kingdome, that euery fifterne dayes there goeth from Pegu a Carouan of Falchines, with euery one a basket on his head full of some fniites or other ilelicates of refreshings, and with cleane clothes: it chaunced that thiBCarouan«t>aiising by Martauan, and resting themselues there a night, there happened betweene the Purtugales and them wurdes of despight, and from wordes to blowes, and Mtttijin 1 cine ioau the king •r fe|u. ▲ cuftom that Uifte people haue when the kjngi ain the tsar Frederlcic, US. Citiar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. S6i nd because it wax thought that the Portugale!) had the worse, the night follovring, when the Falchincs were a siccpe with their cnmpanie, the Portugales went and cut off fine of their heads, Now there is a law in Pegu, that who<«oeuer killeth a man, he ohall buy the shed AUwinPttti blood with his money, according to the estate of the person that is slainc, but these Falchinea J^i„'|'"'"*"'' being the scniantn of the king, the Relors durst not doe any thing in the matter, without the consent of the king, because it was necessarie that the king should knowe of such a matter. When the king had knowledge thereof, he gaue commaundement that the malefactors should be kept viitill his coniming home, and then he would duely minister iustice, but the Captaine of the Portugales would not deiiuer those men, but rather set himselfe with all the rest in armes, and went euery day through the Citic marching with his Drumme and cnsigncs displayd. For at that time the Citie was emptie of men, bv reason they were gone all to the warres and in biisinessc of the king: in the middcst of this rumour wee came thither, and I thought it a strange thing to sec the Portugales vsc such insolencie in another mans Citie. And I stoode Crtat pride m in doubt of that which came to passe, and would not vnlade my goods because that they were ''" Po""*"'''- more sure in the shippe then on the land, the greatest part of the lading was the owners of the shippe, who was in Malacca, yet there were diuerse marchants there, but their goods were of small importance, all those marchants tolde me that they would not vnlade any of their goods there, vnlesse I would vnlade lirsf, yet after they left my counscll and followed their (iwne, and put their goods a landc and lost cuery whit. The Rector with the customer sent for mec, and dcmaunded why I put not my goods a lande, and payed my custome as other men did? To whom I answered, that I was a marchant that was newly come thither, and seeing such disorder amongst the Portugales, I doubted the lossc of my goods which cost me very dcarc, with the sweatc of my face, and for this cause I was determined not to put my goods on lande, vntil such time a* his honour would aasure me in the name of the king, that I should haue no lossc, and although there came harme to the Portugales, that neither I nor my goods should haue any hurt, because I had nciihei: part nor any dilference with them in this tumult: my reason sounded well in the Retors earcs, and so presently he sent for the Bargits, which are as Counsellers of the Citie, and there they promised mee on the kings head or in the behalfe of the king, that neither I nor my goods should haue any harme, but that we should be safe and sure: of which promise there were made publike notes. And then I sent for my goods and h.id them on land, and payde my custome, which is in that countrey ten in the hundrcth of the same goods, and for my moresecuritie I tooke a house right against the Retors house. The Captaine of the Portugales, and all the Portugall marchants were put out of the Citie, and I with fwentie and two poore men which were ofliccrs in the shippe. had my dwelling in the Citie. After this, the (ientilcs dcuiscd to be reuenged of the Portugales; but they would not put it in execution vntil such time as our small shippe had discharged all her goods, and then the next night following came from Pegu foure thousand souldicrs with Areufngmntiie Home KIcphants of warrc; and before that they made any tumult in the citie, the Rctor sent, p^'us'I"- and gaue commaundement to all Portugales that were in the Citie, when they heard any ru- mour or noyse, that for any tiling they should not goe out of their houses, as they tendered their owne health. Th»:n inure houres within night I heard a great rumour and noyse of men ol" warrc, with lilcphants which threw downe the doores of the ware-houses of the Portugales, and their houses of W(>od and strawe, in the which tumult there were .some Portugales wound- ed, and one of them slaine; and others without making proofe oi their manhnode, which the day before did so bragge, at that time put themselucs to fligni r.iost shamefully, and saucd themselucs a boord of lille shippes, that were at an anker in the harbour, and some that were in their beds (led away naked, and that night they < iried awav all the Portu<'alles goods < ut ()( the suburbes into the Citie, and those Portugales that had their goods in the siiburbcs also. After this the I'orlugales that were fledde into the shippes to sane themselucs, tooke a newe courage to theniselues, and came on lande and set lire on the houses in the sub- urbes, whiih houses being made of boorde and strawe, and the winde blowing fresh, in small time were burnt and consumed, with which lire halfe the Citie had like to haue beene burnt; wlien the Portugales had done this, they were withr)ut all hope to recoucr any part of their VOL. II. ' :i A " goods • .1 \ !' iWi mm 36« VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, M, Catar Prtdtrick. 1 ^ * A ih'mK mctt maiueilous, that at thf commins uf 4 tidf (he earth ihouU quakr. Thi* tiilr U likr to tlir tictft in our riuf r iif Vufiiic. Th"t tiJn iniVt their lusl tturtr ^1 oull Thii Macarro U a itdc ur a hippe or barke: yet for all this, that the barkes be so farre out of theChanncll, anil though the water hath lost her great- est strength and furie before it come so high, yet ihev make fast their prowe to the strcme, and oftentimes it maketh them very fearefull, and if the anker did not holdehcr prow v|)l)v strength, shee would be ouerthrowcii ami lost with men and goods. When the water beginneih to increase, it maketh such a noyse and so great that you would thinke it anearthquakt . and presently at the first it maketh three wanes. So that the (irst washeth oner the barke, Irnm sfemme to sierne, the second is not so furious as the lirst, and the thirde rayseth the Anker, and then for tlic space of sixe houres while the water encreaseth, they rowe with such swift- nesse that you would thinke they did fly : in these tydes there must be lost no iot of time, for if you arriue not at the stagioiis before the lyde be spent, y%ith ditches full of "'"'>' *"'"'• water round about it, the lodgings within arc made of wood all ouer gilded, with fine pina- «lcs, and \ cry costly wurko, couercd witli jjlalcs of goldc. Truely it may be a kings house : within the gale there is a laire large court, (rnni the one side to the other, wherein there are made places for tlic strongest and stoutest Kliphanls appointed for the scruice of the kings person, and amongst all other Eliphants, he hath fourc liiat be white, a thing so rare that a '"""whit' man shall hardly hnde another king that haih any tiuch, and if this king knowe any other that hath white Hiipiiaiilcs, he sendeth for ihcm as for a gift. The lime that I was there, there were two brought out of a farre Countrey, and that cost me something the sight of them, for ^'?.''.".?"'i' they cominnund the inarchants to goc to see them, and then they must giue somewhat to the hiift « d,ick« men that briim them: the brokers of the marchantsKiucforeucry manhalfe aduckat, which they ™''"^'' r",',Y •* , call al ansa, which atnoiintethtoagreatsumme, tor the number o) merchants that arc in that citic* foure ytnctk ami when they haiie paydc the nforcsayde Tansa, they may chuse whether they will see them nt tliat time or no, becniise that when they are in the kings stall, ciiery man may see them that will : but at ihat time they must goc and sec them, for it i-i the kings pleasure it should he so. This King am(',ng>t all other his titles, is called the King of the white Eliphant.s, and it is reported that if thi^ king kne.wc any other king that had any of these white Eliphantc.>), amis would not send them vnto him, that he would hazard his whole kingdome to conquer them, he esteemeth these white Eliphants very dccrely, and they are had in great regard, and kept with very mcctc scruice, cucry one of thcin is in a house, all guildcd ouer, and they liatie their ineatc giiicn them in ves-els of sillier and goldc, there is one blackc Eliphant the jjrcatcst that hath bene scene, and he is kept according to his bignesse, he is nine cubites high, which is a innrueiloiis thing. It is reported that tliis king hath fourc thoii.sand Elephants of w.irre, and all haue tiuir teeth, and they vsc to put on iheir two vppermost If h sharpe A warlike pa. spikes of yron, ;.nd make them fast with rings, because these bcastes linht, and i,; \c battell '""' with their teeth; hee hath also very many yong Eliphants that haue not their teeth r .-owted I'oorth : also this king hath a hraiie deuisc in hunting; to take these Eliphants when hec will, two An emiieni dc miles from the ("ilie. He hath biiildcd a faire pallace all guilded, and within it a faire Court, ,"kcwiideEU-'' and within it and roiiiulc about there are made an infinite number of jilacc.s for men to stande phanti. to SiC this hunting: ncere vnto this Pallace is a mighty great wood, through the which the hiinls-inen of the king ride continually on the backs of the feminine Eliphants, teaching thcin in this biisiiicsse. Eiicry hunter carieth out with liini line or sixc of these feminincs, :ind they say that they anoynt the secret place with a cerlaiiic composition that they haue, ihat when the wihic Eliphant doeth smell thereunto, thev followe the feminines and cannot leaiie them: when the huntsmen haue made prouision, &: the Eliphant is so entangled, they guide the feminines towards the Pallace which is called Tambell, and this I'allacc hath a doore which doth open and shut with engines, before which doore there is a long strcight way with trees on both the sides, which coucrcth the way in such wi-c :;« it i- like darkcnesse in a cor- ;t \ ner. ^'"l^l'A: ) 1 1 .IM VOYAGKS, NAUIOATIONS, J\l. Ctraar Frederick •I !Hi,' my Alt txccllcnt tt\Umt of til .li|ihajili. Thew canfi are tikr lo them ill Spainr winch thry calt loco de tuic. ner: the wilcle Elipliant when he rommelh to thin way, thinkelh that he in in the wood*. At ciul of this darl posts and timber is so Htrong and great, that hee cannot hurt any body, yet hee oftentinios breaketh his teeth in the grates; at length when hee is weiiry and hath laboured his body that hee is all wet with sweat, then he pluckeih in his truncke into his mouili, and then hee thruweth out somnch water out of his belly, that he sprinrklcth it oner the heades of the lookers on, to the vttermost of them, although it bee very high: and then when they see him \crv weary, there goe certainc oflicers into the Court with long sharpc cams in their hands, and prick him that they make him to goe into one of the houses that is made alongst the Cnnrt for the same purpose: as there are many which are made long and narrow, that when the Eliphant is in, he cannot turne himself to go barke a>;aine. And it is requisite that thct- men should be very wary and swift, hir although their canes be long, yet the Eliphant would kill them if they were not swift to saue ihem>elues: at length when they haiie gotten him inin one of those houic, they stand oner him in a loft and gel ropes vnder his belly and abdiit his necke, and about his tegges, and binde him fast, and so let him stand foure or line dayes, A itrtnje ihinj and giuc him neither meate nor drinke. At the ende of these foure or liuedayes, they \ii- wiid/,h"!idTn loose him and put one of the females vnto him, and giiie them mcale and drinke, ami in JO ihori iimt bt eight daycs he is become t.ime. In my iudgement there is not a beast so iiitellectiue as are madtumt. ih^se Eliphants, nor of more vnderstanding in al the world: for he wil do all things that liis keeper saith, so that he lackcth nothing but hum:iine spceih. Thf imttii It is reported that the greatest strength that the king of Pegu hath is in the«e Eliphants, itrciigih ihai ihf f„r v,hen thev gf'c to battell, thev set on their backes a Castle of wood hound thereto, will) haiii. bands vnder their bellies: and, in eiicry ( astle loiire men very comnuKliously set to ligiii with hargubu.shes, with bowes and arrowes, with darts and pikes, and other launcin;; weapons: and they say that the skinne of tliis Eliphant is so liard, that an liar(|U( biissc will not pierce it, vnlesse it bee in the eve, temples, or some othir tender j)l,ice of his btnU. And besides this, they are of great .strength, and haue a very extellent order in their b.itlcl, as I haue scene at their fcasies which ihcy make in llie yeere, in which fea>tes the king inakcih triumphes, which is a rare thing and wortiiv memorie, that in so barbarous a people there should be such gowlly onlers as they haue in tiieir armies, which be distiiK t in squares el Eliphants, of horsemen, of harqnebiishcrs and pikenicn, that truly the nii:iiber of them arc inlinite: but their armour and weapons are very nought and weake as well the one as the other: they haue very bad pikes, lluir swords are wor->e made, like long kniue.s without points, his harquebushes are most excellent, and alway in his warres he hath eighlie thousand harque- bushcs, and the number of them encreaseth davlv. Because the king will haue them shootc euery day at the I'luncke, and so bv continuall exercise they become m<)>t excellent shot : also hee hath great ordinance made of vi rv good inetlall ; to conclude there is not a King on the earth that haih more power or sfrengih tucii this king of Pegu, because hec hath twentie kmg?a'°hi"'i'!.m. ^"'^ "'"'^ crowned kings at his cominaunde. lie can make in his campe a million and a halle ■.und. of men of warre in the tielde against his enemies. The stale of his kingdome and maiiite- ic'"'ihoilH'n. goodly horses; and this cart is very high with a goodly (•ano|)v cucr it, behind tiie <;iri goc 'iO, of his Lonis & nobles, with euery one a rope in his h.uid made fast to the tail I'nr to hold it vpright that it fal not. The king sitteth in the miiUlle of the cart ; \' vpon the same cart about ihe king vtande 4. of his nobles most fa- iKircd of him, and before this cart wherein the kiui; is, goeth all his army as aforesaid, and in the middle of his army goeih all his nubililie, round about the cart, that are in his domi- nions, a marueilous thing it is to see so many people, such riches & such good order in a people so barbarous as they be. This king of Pegu hath one principal wife which is kept in a Seralio, he hath .St xnml to bring lo IVgii, vnli>M« il lice alanine limcN by rhanrr la bring Opium of (!ambaia, and iT he hriiiv money be ithall luortance, that a i*mall hair of il will coNi a ihoufiand or two thoimand duckelN. AlKotVom S, Tome they layd grrni xiori' uP red yarnc, oP bombast died with a roote which thry call Saia, a* aforcHayd, which cnloin will neuer out. With which marchandixc cucry yecre there goetha great nhippc from .S. Tiinii' riUikptr. to I'egu, of great importance, and they vkually depart from S. Tome lo Pegu the II. or l'>. "s'-rlnMW "' f»«'plcmbcr, & if kIic >ttay vntill the twelfth, it is a great hap if nhv relume not wiiliom making of her voiagc. Their vw wan to de])arl the nixi of September, and then llirv in.idr sure >oyageH, and now becauwe there is a great labour about that kiiul of ilotli to bring it in perfection, and that it be well dried, a-* aUo the greed incwe of the ('aptuiiie that would ni;ilki' an extraordin.try gaine of hii4 fiaighl, thinking lo haiie the wind alwayc'* to seriii* their liirnr, lliey Niay >io long, that al Hometimex the wiiidc tiirneth. For in ihone pnrit the wiiules i)liiw lirmely for certa ne times, with the which they goc to Pegu with the winde in pnopc, .im' if they arriue not there before the winde change, and gel ground to anker, perforce ilicy must rclurnc backe agaiiie: for that the galen of the winde blowe there for three or four,' monethti together in one place with great force. Uut if Ihey gel the co.ih| & anker llicri', then with gre.-it hibour they may fOiic tlieir voyage. Also there goeth another great xhippi' from Dcn^ala euery yecre, laden with line cloth of bomba»l of all Norl<>, which arrineth in tlic harbour of IVgu, when the slii|) that commelh from S. Tonic deparieth. The haiiiour wi.i re thesie two Mpt arriue iw called CoMinin. I'rom Malaca to Martauun, which is a port in IVi;'!, there come many small iihipf), and great, laden with pepper, Sundolo, I'orcell.in of Chini, Camfora, Brunen .ind other marchandise. The hhips that come from iMccca enter into tlic port of IVgu and Cirion, and those shippes bring cloth of Wooll, .Scarlets, Veluets, Opium, The chikirioi and Chickino.*, by the which they lose, aiul thev bring them because they liaue no other lliin^ ioi'ihrniUif,"?. llial is good (or I'egu : but they estecnie not the losse of them, for that they make ^,l( h ariai gainc of their commodiiicK ihnt thev cary from thence out of that kingdoine. Also the kin;' of Assi his ships come thither into the same port laden with peper; from the coa-t of S. 'l\ mi of JU'iigala, ('111 of the Sea of Bara lo I'egu are three hundicth miles, and they go it \p iIk- riiKT ill I'onre d:iies, with the encrcasing water, or with the IIoikI, to a City called ('.winin, and there they discharge their ships, whither the Customers of Pegu come to t.ike the note and markfs of :ill the gooils of euery man, & take the ch.irge of the goods on ilicin, and coniiey them to IVgu, into the kings house, wherein they make the c ustome of the marcli.n:- (li/.e. When the Ciistomeishaiie taken the charge of the yoods & put iliem into bark.-, ihc Hetor of the Ciiy giiielh licence to the Marchants lo take b.irke, and goc \|) to IVuii KJih their ni.nrchandi/c ; and so three or fouru of them take a barkc and goc vp to IVgu in roni- ., , , l)anv. (iod dcliuer euery man that hcc tire not a \vron« note, ar.d criirie, or thinke lo htciilc tuMgn.f,. a;iy cii>lomc : lor it they do, (or the least triOe that is, he is \ llcrly \ luloiie, lor the king di ciii l.ikc it l(ira m«)ving in that Countrey. I haiie spoken before, how that ail .Marchants that meane to ;;oc tliorow the Indies, must (ary al ni;iiicr d b(uih(dd stiifle with them which is necessary for a house, because thai iliere i, not ai,\ lodging nor IniKs nor hostes, nor c Iiamber rooinc in llial Ccumtrcy, but ihe first thing a ni.Tii d(.ili when he coinmeth lo any Cily is lo hicr a house, cither by the ycerc or by the moiieiii, or M he mcancK lo stay in thoMC parts. In i'ommndititi bruut(lu Into Prju. ihill 1.14., rit iijour for il r i detar fVedcrlck M, CuKtr Frederick. TRAFFIQULS, AND DISCOUERIES. In Ven» their order in to hire their Houum Tor aixe monelhn. Nowe Trom Ctrnmin lo the Cilie of Pen» they gne in iiixe hnure* with the flood, and if it be ebbing water, then they mnlce fiut their boate to the riiicr widr, and there tary vnlil the water flow againe. It ina very commodiou* and piratant vovagr, haiiing on.both aides of the riuem many great viiagen, which they rail CilieN: in the which henni'N, pigeon'*, fg^e*. milke, rice, and other thing* be very good cheapo. It in oil plainr, and a goodly Countrey, and in eight dayeN you may make your voyage vp to Marceo, dintnnt Tro I'ogii twcluc mileM, fi there ihry djochaigc their g(M)di«, ii hilt' them in CartH or wainc* dmwen with oxen, and the MarchaniM arc caricd in a closet whiih thry call Deling, in the which a man Mhall be very well accommodated, with cimhionH vndrr hU head, and coiirred for the defence nf the Sunne and raine, and there he mav xleepc ir he haiie wil thereunto: and IiIh foure Kalchinc* cary him running away, changing two at one time and two at another. The ru^tome of Pegu and fraight thither, may amount vnto twcniic or Iwentic two per cento, and '23. according m he huth more nr Icfse wtolen from him that day they ciiNiomc the goodx. It iit rcquiiiitc that a man hauc his cyn walchfull, and to be rarefull, and to haue many friendea, for when they cuMtome in the great hall of the king, there come m:my gentlemen accompanied with a number of their sLuicn, and thcMC gentle- men haue no Nhnine that their HlauCN rob htrangcri*: whether it be cluth in shewing of it or any other thing, they Inugh at it. And although the .Vfarchnni* hcipe one another to kccpe watch, iV looke to their goods, ihcy caiwiot lookc iherto no narrowly but one or other wil rob itomelhing, either more or Itsse, according m their marchandisc is more or lesHe: and yet on this tlay there is a worse thing then this; although you haue «<•! ho many eyew to looke there for your hcnclit, ('<;it you escape vnrbed of the Nlaues, a man cannot choose but that he must !)«• robbed of the olUccrs of the cusiome house. For paying the cusiome with the same guilds oftentimes they lake the bent that you haue, & not by rale ofcuery Hort .is they oughl to do, by wliicl) nicanes a man payelh more then hi^ dutie. At length when the goods be dispatched out of the cuwlnme house in thin order, the Marchant causelh them lo be caried to his house, anllcd (■ansa or Cianxa, ulii(h is made of Copper and leade: It is not the money of the king, but cucry man may stamp it that wil, because it hath his iust partition or value: but they make many of them false, by putting oiiermuch lead into them, and those will not passe, neither will any lake ihem. \Vith this money (Janza, you may buy goldc or siluer. Rubies and Miiske, and other things. For there is no other money currant amongst them. And Goldc, »ihier and other marcliandize are at one lime dearer than another, as all other things ne. Tiiis Ganza goelh by weight tif Byze, & this name of Hyza gocth for y' accompi of the weight, and commonly a Hyza of a Ganza is worth (after our accompi) halfe a ducat, litle mure or les.sc: and albeit that Gold and siluer is more or lesse in price, yet the Bvza neuer (hangeth: euery Byza makelli a hundrcth Ganza of weight, and so the number of the money i> Byza. He that gocth to Pegu to buy lewels, if he wil do well, it behoueth him to be a Vfhulc ycre there to do hi.s businessc. For if so be that he would return with the sthip he came 367 DtKrtpt^n ef tht fniiifulntm of thai loylt* n«lti| litimati litirr iirifil with milt «| II Afuir* A littt for Biiikiupu Eucry mm m%f •ttmpc what mbncy ht wit. ir, H 'L' I'd ■'ii imw m 3ti8 How a man iniy ditpoie himsclfe for the tiidc in flood itistruc* VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 3/. Casar Frederick. The Mjtchin- out of I'fgu. M.il housed .J.jricd •llil KuhiriCICfcd I'rgu, came in, he canot do any thing so couciiicMlly for the breuitie of the time,beraufie that when they custome their good* in Pegu that come from S. Tome in their ships, it h as it were about Christmas: and when they haue customed thiir goods, then miwt they sell ihcm for their credits sake for a moneth or two: and then at the beginning of March the ships depart. The Marchants that come from S. Tome take for the paiment of their goods, gold, and sihier which is neuer wanting there. And S. or 10. dayes brfore their departure they are all satis- fied: also they may haue Rubies in painent, but they make no accompt of them: and they that will winter there for another yere, il is ncedfuH that they be aduertisied, that in the sale «>f their goods, they specific in their bargaine, the terme of two or 3. moneths paiment, j^ that their paiment shal be in so many Ganza, and neither goldc nor siluer: because that with the Ganza they may buy & scl euery thing with great adufitage. And how needful is it i(, be aduerti/.td, when they wil recoucr their paiments, in what order they shal recciue their Ganza? Benuse he that is not experienced may do hitnselfe great wrong in the weight of the Gansa, as also in the falsenesse of them: in the weight he may be greatly deceiucd, he- cause that from place to place it doth rise and fall greatly : and therefore when any wil rcrcinc money or make paiment, he must take a |)ubli(|ue waver of money, a day or two before he go about his businesse, and giue him in paiment for his labour two Byzaes a moneth. and Hn liiis he is bound to make good all your money, & to maintainc it for good, fur that hcc rc- reiueth it and scales the bags with his scale : and when hce hath receiued any store, then hcc causeth it to bee brought into the Magason of the Marrhant, that is the owner of it. That money is very weightie, for fourtie Byza is a strong I'orters burden ; and also whcr.' the .Marrhant hath any payment to be made for those goods which he buyeth, the Commcn waycr of money that rcreineth liis money must make the payment thereof So that by thi. mcancs, the Marchant with the charges of two Byzes a moneth, receiueth and paveth out In. money without losse or trouble. The Marchandizes that goc out of Pegu are (iold, .Sijnrr, Uubies, .Saphyrcs, Spinelles, great store of Beniamin, long neper, Leade, Lacca, rice, wine, some sugar, vet there might be great store of sugar made in the C'oiintrey, for that ilicv haue abotindaiue of Canes, but they giue them to Kliphants to cafe, and the people ciiisnnii great store of them lor food, and many more doe they fonsume in vaine things, as these lol- lowing. In that kingdome they sjiend many of these .Sugar canes in making of houses ,tiuI tents which they call Varely fir their idoles, which they call Pagodes, whereof there :\rc great aboiindance, great and smal, and these houses are made in forme of little hilles, like to Sugar loaiies or to Bells, and some of these houses are as high as a reasonable stee|)le, :ii the loote they are very large, some of them be in circuit a quarter of a mile. Tlie s.-iidc houses within are full of earth, and walled round about with brickes and tlirl in stcaile of liirc, and witliout forme, from the top to the foote they make a coiicring fur them with S||^,lr canes, and jilaister it with lime all ouer, for otherwise tiiey would bee ypoyled, bv the i;rc,'! aboiindance of raine that falleth in those (^ulntreys, ANo tliev consume about these VarcU or idol houses great store of leafe-goh!, for that they oiierlay all the tops of the houses \su\ i;old, and some of them are couered with golde from the top to the foote: in coiiering wiierc- nf there is great store of gold spent, for that euery 10. yeeres they new onerl.iy them ^^llh g '1(1, from the top to the (ooic, so ihat witii this v. initio they sjjciul gre.it abouiulaiue v\ golde. Tor euery It), yeres the raine iloelli eonsuine the gold from these houses. .\ii(l hv tliis inennes they make golde dearer in Pegu then it would bee, if they consumed not su much ill this \aniiie. Also it is a tiling to bee noted in the buying of iewels in Pegu, that lie that h.illi no kiiowletlge shall haue as good iewels, and as good cheap, as he th:it li:ii!i bene jiraeti/ed there a long time, which is a i;o(Hl order, and it is in this wise. There :iri' in Pe'ju fourc men of good reput.ilioii, whiili are called Tareghe, or brokers of lewrl-. These Inure men haue all the Iiwcisor Uubies in their h.indes, and the Marehant that wil hiiv coiuineth to oiif of these Tareghe and tellelii him, that he h.iili so much nioiiev to impl >, iii ■ Rubies. For ihnnigh the hainls of tiicse loiiie men passe all tiie Rubies: fir th<-v haue smli qiiantitie, that the\ knowe imt wlial to doe with them, but sill tiiem at most vile ;ind h.iv prices. When the Marchant hath broken his tniiid to one of thc»c brokers or T.ueghe, the\ cai . l>'il S. "^asar Frederick, J»/. Casar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 369 cary him home to one of their Shops, althoygh he hath no knowledge in Icvvels: and when the lewellers perceiue that hee will employ a good round summc, they will make a bargaine, and if not, they let him alone. The vse generally of thlit Citie is this: that when any Mar- chant hath bought any great quantitie of Kubics, and hath agreed for them, hee carieih them home to his house, let ihem be of what value they will, he siiall haue space to looke on iheni and peruse them two or three dayes: a;id if he hath no knowledge in them, he shall alwaycs haue many Merchants in that Citie that haue very good knowledge in Icwels; with whom he may alwaycs conferre and take counsell, and may shew them vnto whom he will; and if he finde that hee hath not employed his money well, hee may returne his Jewels backe to them whom hee had them of, without any losse at all. Whicli thing is such a shame to the T.i- reghe to haue his lewols returne, that he had rather beare a blow on the face then that it should be thought that he solde them so deere to haue them returned. For these men haue alwayes great care that they affbord good peniworths, especially to those that haue no know- ledge. This they doe, because they woulde not loose their credite: and when those Mar- chants that h.iue knowledge in lewcis buy any, if they buy them deere, it is their own faults and not the brokers: yet it is good to haue knowledge in lewels, by reason that it may some- what ease the price. There is also a very good order which they haue in buying of Icwels, which is this; There are nvany Marchants that stand l)y at the making of the bargainc, and because they shall not vnderstand howc the Icwels be solde, the Broker and the Marchants haue their hands vndera cloth, aiul by touching of fingers and nipping the ioynts ihey know what is done, what is bidden, and wiiat is asked. So that the .tanders by knowe not what is demaundcd for them, although it be for a thous.-.nd or 10. thousand duckets. For euery ioynt and cuery finger hath his signification. For if the .M.irchants that stande by should vnder- stand the bargainc, it would brcede great contronersic amon,[,st thorn. And at my being in Pegu in the monclh of .\ngust, in Anno l.'i()9. hauing gotten well by my endeuour, 1 was desirous to see mine ownc Countrey, and I thought it go«l to goc by the way of S. Tome, but then I should tary vntil Marili. In which iourney I was coun>ailrd, yea, and fully rcsolucd to go by the way of Bcngala, with a shi|)pe there re.idy to depart for that voyage. And then wee departed from Pegu to Chalig:ui a great harbour or port, from whence there goe snial ships to Cochin, before the llccte dep;irt for Portugal), in which ships I u.ns fidly lietcrmined to gi)c to Lisbon, and so to Venice. When \ h.iJ thus rcsolucd my scU'e, I went aboord of the shippe of Bcngala, at wliit'ii time it w.is the yecre of Toiilliin : concerning which ToulTon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often limes, tliere are not stormes as in other countrevs; but eucrv 10. or Vi. yecrcs there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that h;mc scene it, neither do they know ccrt.iinly what vcerc thcv wil roine. Vnfortuiiate are (hey that are at sea in that ycreand time of' the Toutlon, because few there are tliat escape tl.at danger. In this ycre it was our chance to be at sea with the like storme, hut it happened well vnto vs, for ihal our sliip was newlv oucr-planckcil, and h.iil not any thing in her sauc viiliiall and balasts, Siluer and golde, which from Pegu they rnry to Ben- ■•ala, and no other kinde of Marchandise. Tins Tonllbn or cruel storme ciidnrcd three daves and three nights: in which time it caried away our sailes, yards, and rudder; and because the shi|)[)e laboured in the Sea, wee cut our mast ouer boord: which wlicn we h.id done she |jb( ured a great deale more then before, in such wise, that she was almost lull witli water ih;il came ouer the highest part of her and so went downe: and IVr the space of three dave« and three nights si.xtie men did nothing but hale water out of her in this wise, twentie men in one place, aiul twentie men in another place, and twentie in a tlurdc pl.ice : and for all tliis storme, the shippe was so good, that shee t(M)ke not one iot of water below throng!) hrr sides, hut all r.ni downe through the hatches, so that those sixtie men did nothing but ca- ihe Sea into the Sea. And thus driuing too and fro as the winde and Sea would, we were in a darkc nigiit about I'oure of the clocke cast on a sholde: yet when it was dav, we could neither see land on one side nor other, and knew not where we were. And as it pleased the diuine power, there came a great wuue of liie Sea, which draue vs beyonde the should. And when wee felt VOL II. 3 B the An honest cire of heathen peo- ple. Bargainet made with the nipping uf Bngeri Tnder a cloth. This ToufToH is an eitraordinary storme at Sea, The Tout'oii Cometh hut cuery lo. or II. yeercs. Wil, I \\ »H ir ilfl .%' •i ■-!'■' ' t It 1'^ '\' i i) 370 Atninifeir tokrn of the ebbing and flow- ing in those Countrtis. This Island is called Sondiuj), VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, J\I. Ctesar Frederick. Sondivia 1! (he fruilfulltst Countrry in tl tbc woiW> Cha'lsjn is .i port in Ocngab, • llilhct thr I'or- thfir ihi['i* Thf King if Rjcliim.or Aia« CJlTli nri^hbuur to Bengali. Of) Aracam, the sliippe aflotc, we rose vp as men rcuiued, because the Sea was calme and smooth water and then sounding; we found twclue fadome water, and within a while after wee had but sixc fadome, and then presently we came to anker with a small anker that was left vs at the sterne for all our other were lost in the storme : and by and by the shippc strooke a ground, and then wee did prop her that she should not ouerthrow. When it was day the shippe was all dry, and wee found her a good mile from the Sea on drie land. This Toufion being ended, we discouered an Island not I'arre from vs, and we went from the shippc on the sands to sec what Island it was: and wee found it a place inhabited, and, to my iudgemcnt, the fertilest Island in all the world, the which is diuided into two parts by a chanell which passeth bctwccne if, & with great trouble we brought our ship into the same chanel, which partcth the Island at flowing water, and there we determined to stay 40. dayes to refresh vs. And when the people of the Island saw the ship, and that wc were Coming a land: presently they made a place of bazar or a market, with shops right oucr against the ship with all nianer of prouision of \ictuals to eafe, which they brought downe in great abundance, and sold it .so good chcapc, that we were ama/.ed at the cheapene.sse there- of. I bought many salted kine there, for the prouision of tlie ship, for halfe a Larine a pii-cc, which Larine may be Vi. shillings sixe ponce, being very gocxl and fat; and 4'. wilde hoggcs ready dressed f«r a Larine; great fat hennes for a Hi/.ze a piece, which is at the most a |)cn. nie: and the people told vs that we were decciucd the ha'ife of our muney, becau-ic we boui;lit things so deare. Also a sacke of fine rice for a thing of nothing, and conscc)ucntIy all other things for hiunaine sustenance were there in ^U(■h aboumlancc, that it is a thing incredible but to them that haue scene it. This Island is called Sundiua belonging to tlie kingdonie df Ucngala, distant I 'iO. miles from Chaligan, to which place wee were bound. The people .ire Moore-i, and the king a very goml man of a Moore king, for 11 he h.ad bin a tyrant as others be, he might haue rol)bcd vs of all, because the I'orlugall captainc (f Chntigan was in amies agaiii>t the Rctor of that place, &• cucrv day there were some slaine, at which newes we rested there with no smal fcare, keeping good watch and ward aboord eucrv night as the vse is, but the goucrnonr of the towne tlid conilort vs, and bad vs that we should feare nothing, but thnt we should repose our sclucs securely without any danger, although the I'ortugales of Ch.ni- gan had slaine the goucrnour of thalCily, and said that we were not culpable in that fact: ami moreouer he did vs cucrs day what pleasure he could, which wa-* a thing contrary to our ex- pectations considering that they & the people of Chatigan were both subiects to one king. We departed from Soiuliua, iV came to Chatigan the great port of Bengala, at the same lime when the I'ortugales had made peace and taken a truce witli the gouernours of the towne, with tills condition that the chiefe Caplaine of the I'ortugales with his ship should dcjiart without any lading: for there were then at that time 18. ships of Portugales great and small. This ('.ni. taine being a Cientleman and of good courage, was notwitlistanding contented to ilepart in his greatest hiiiderance, rather than hce would sccke to hinder so many of his friends ;n were there, as also because the lime of the yeere was spent to go to the Indies. The nighi bcl'orc he departed, euery ship that had any huling therein, \n\\ it aboord of the Caplaine to helpc to case his charge and to recompcnce his courtesies. In thi- time there came a luesseniHT from the king of Kachim to this Portugal Captaine, who saide in ihe behall'c of his king, ih.it hee had heard of the counige and xalure of him, desiring him gently that he would \ouih-:ile to come with the ship into his j)urt, and coming thither he sliould be sery wcl inircated. This Portugal went thither and was very well salisticd of this King. This King of Kachim hath his scale in the middle coast betweene Hengala and IN'gu, and the greatest eneinie he hath is the king of Pegu; which king of Pegu deuiseih niuhf and day how to make this king of Kachim his subiect, but by no meancs hee is able to ice it • because the king of Pegu hath no jiowcr nor arniie by Sea. And this kins of • Kacliini iii.iv armc two hundreth Galleves or Fusts by Sea, and by land he hath «'ertaine sliise- with the which when the king of Pegu prctendcth any harme towards him, hce mav at liis pleasure drowne a great part of the Countrey. So that by this nieanes bee tutteth oil' the N».iy whcrchy the king of Pegu should come with his power to hurt hiui. From M Canar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 371 From the great port of Chatigan they cary for tlie Indies great store of rice, very great The commodi- oiinntitie of B(Miiba«it cloth ofciicrv sort, Suger, corne, and money, with other marchandize.'J"'''iL',e°? " . . c 1 • ^1 ■^ ■ 1 r» 11 1 • i • 1 1 I f 1 from Cliatigan And byrcastw of tho warres in Chatigan, the Portugall ships taried there so long, that they to the inJiei. arriucd not at Cochin so soone as they were wont to doc other yocres. For which cause tho The Portugal declc that was at Cochin was departed for Portugal before they arriucd there, and I lje'i'gSp'i!'""',n in one of the small shippcs before the flccte, in di^x■oucring of Cochin, we also discouered out of thu harbor (he last shijjpe of the Fieete that went from Cochin to Portugall, where shec made saile, for"' ^''"'''"• which I was marueilously discomforted, because that all the yeerc following, there was no I'-oing for Portugale, and when we arriucd al Cochin I was fully determined to goe for Ve- nice by the way of Ormus, and at that time the Ciiie of (Joa was besieged by the people of Dialcan, l)ul the Citizens forced not this assault, because they supposed that it would not goiwm be- continue long. For all this I embarked my selfe in a Galley that went for Goa, meaning'"''''' there to shippe mv selfe for Ormus : but when we came tn Goa, the Viceroy would not sufl(?r any Portugal to depart, by reason of the warres. And being in Goa but a small time, I fell sickeof an inlirmilie that helde mce fonre moneths : which with phisicke and diet cost me eii^ht hundreth duckets, and there I was constrained to sell a smal quantitie of Rubies to sus- tainc my neede : and I solde that for (iue hundreth duckets, that was worth a thousand. And when I beganne to waxc well of my disease, I had but little of that money left, euery thing was so scarsc : For euery chicken (and yet not good) cost niee scuen or eight Liuers, which is sixc shillings, or sixe shillings eight j)ence. Beside this great charges, the Apothecaries with their medicines were no small charge to me. .\t the eiule of sixe moneths they raised the sioije, and then I beganne to worke, for Icwcis were risen in their prices : for whereas before I soltl a few of refused Hubics, I determined then to sell the rest of all my lewels that 1 had ihcrc, and to make an other \oyage to Pegu. And for because that at my departure from Pegu, Opium was in great rc(|Mcst, I went then to Cambaya to implov a good round Opium agoo* sinnme of money in Opium, and ilicre I bought (>(). peicels of Opium, which cost me two Jl'J'™"''""" thousand it a linndreih duckets, euery ducket at foure shillings two pence. .Moreouer I bought three bales of IJombast cloth, which cor Pegu that ycre, so that 1 was hoKlen of al the marchaiits there to be very rich: and so it would haue proued, if mv aduerse fortune had not bin contrarv to mv ho])e, whKch w.is this. .\t th:it time there went a great ship from ("ambaya, to t!ie king of .Vssi, with great i|u:uititieof Opium, cS^' there to lade pei)er : in wliicii vovaue there came such a storme, that the -hip was Ion ed wit'i wether to goe roomer S(M). miles, and bv this meanes came to Pegii, ulicrc.is tliev arriucdadav bclnre mce; so th:U Opium which was before verv dcare, was now .11 a l):i-e price: so that w!iiili was sold for IH'tic Hi.'/e licfore, w.as solde for !2. Biz/e & an J r. 'i halfe. I'l ¥ i' 1. 1 iri^t,i N'l S72 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, jyj. Ctesar Prederick. ii I . ii Ptfts tree. halfe, there was such quantitie came in that ship; so that 1 wa«glad to stay two yeres in Pegu vnlcsse I would haue giuen away my coinmoditie : and at the end of two yeres of my 2I(X). duckets which I bestowed in Cambaya, I made but a thousand duckets. Then I departed againe from Pegu to goe for the Indies and for Ormus with great quantitie of Lacca, and from Ormus I returned into the Indies for Chnul, and from Chaul to Conhin, and from Cochin to Pegu. Once more 1 lost occasion to make me riche, for whereas I might haue brought good store of Opium againe, I brought but a little, being fearefull uf my other voyage before. In this small quantitie I made good prolitc. And now againe I determined to go for my Countrey, and departing from Pegu, I tarried and wintered in Cochin, and then I left the Indies arid came for Ormus. I thinke it very neccss.iry before I ende my voyage, to reason somewhat, and to shcwe what fruits the Indies do yoeld and bring forth. First, in the Indies and other East parts of India there is Pcper and ginger, which groweth in all parts of India. And in some parts of the Indies, the greatest quantitie of peper groweth amongst wilde bushes, without any manor of labour : sauing, that when it is ripe they goe and gather it. The tree that the pcper groweth on is like to our Inie, which runneth vp to the tops of trees whcrcsoeuer it groweth: and if it should not take holde of some tree, it would lie flat and rot on the ground. This peper tree hath his flourc and berry like in all parts to our luie berry, and those berries be grainesof peper: so that when they gather them they be greene, and then they lay them in the Sunne, and they become blacke. The Ginger groweth in this wise : the land is tilled and sowen, and the herbe is like to I'a- nizzo, and the roote is the ginger. These two spires grow in diners places. The Cloues come all from the Moluccas, which Moluccas are two Islands, not tcry great, and the tree that thcv grow on is like to our Liwrell tree. The Nutmegs and Alaces, which grow both together, arc brought from the Island of Rinda, whose tree is like to our walnu! tree, but not so big. All the good white Sandol is brought from the Isluid of Timor. Canfora being compoinid commeth all from China, and all that which groweth in rancs commefh from Borneo, & I thinke that this Canfora commefh not into these parts: for that in India they consume grc;it store, and that is verv deare. The good Lignum Aloes commeth from Cauchinchiiia. The HiMiiamin commeth from the kingdome of As«i and Sion. Long pcper groweth in Bciigala, Pegu, and Iau:i. Muske commefh from Tarfaiia, which they tnakc in this order, as by gooti information 1 There is a ccrtaiiie beast in Tarlaria, which is wilde and as big as a wolfe. ou'i'hirfcihc which beast they f;ike aliue, \ beat him to death with small sialics y his blood may bespread b^iriuth".! ihroiigh his whole bodv, then they cut it in pieces, & take out all the bones, & beat ilic ■naucanJpui (Icsh with the blood in a morlcr verv snial, and drv if, and m:ikc purses to put it in of the Truelv I know not whereof the Amber is made, and there are diners opinions of it, but this is most certaine, it is ( ast out of the Sea, and throwne on land, and foinul vpon the sea bankes. RubiH, s«- The Rubies, Saphyres, and the Spinels be gotten in the kingdome of I'c^u The Diamante i>h»rcs, and ."ipi- come from diners places; and I know but three sorts of thcut. That sort of IJiamants ih.il is called Chiappe, commeth from IJc/cncner. Those that be pointed nafiu-aily conic from the land of Delly, and frotti laua, but the Diamants of lana arc more waightie then the other, ■riif BiiMji I could ncucr vnderstand from whence they that are called lialassi come. iiowc in Zc.Un. Pcarles they lish in diners places, a-, before in this booke is showne. Spodiom. Froin Catnbaza commeth the Spodioin which congelcth in rertaine cams, whereof I found many in Pegu, when I made my house there, because that (as I haue say«l before) the\ make On iht coait cf their hou«es there of wonen canes like to mats. From Chaul thcv trade alongst the coa«t of Et'hirpi?, i'"ihe^'^'''"'*' '" Ethiopia, within the land of Cafraria : on that coast are nianv good harbors kept iinJ of Cafuria, by thc Moorcs. Thither the Portugals bring a kinde of Hombast cloth of a low price, and ih« fh/pof'."'' f;'"<^a' stof^^ ^'l^ Paternosters or beads made of paltrie glasse, which they make in Cluuil ai - luialsbaue. Cordillj; Ginger. Cloues. NutfTiegs aild Micrs. White Sandol Canfora. Lignum Aloei. Benlamin. Long peper. Thii Muslte tht •'•'*''","""■ haue bene told %' e»ar Frederick. rbc is like to I'a- M. CtBsar Frederick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 373 cording to the vse of the Coimtrcy : and from thence they cary Elephants teeth for India, sialics called Cafari, and some Aint)er and Gold. On this coast the king of Portugall hath his castle called Mozambique, which is of as great importance as any castle that hee hath in all his Indies vnder his protection, and the Captaine of this castle hath certaine voyages to this Cafraria, to which places no Marchants may goe, but by the Agent of this Captaine : and they vse to goe in small shippes, and trade with the Cafars, and their trade in buying and selling is without any spcach one to the other. In this wise the Portugals bring tlieir °m!''\'"^ goods by litle and litle along^t the Sea coast, and lay them downe : and so depart, and the "ordfonew Cafar Marchants come and sec the goods, & there they put downe as much gold as they """''"• thinkc the goods are worth, and so goe their way and leaue their golde and the goods together, then commcth the Portugal, and Uncling the golde to his content, hee takcth it and goeth his way into his ship, and then commcth the Cafar and taketh the goods and carieth them away : and if he linde the golde there still, it is a signe that the Portugals are not con- tented, and if the ("afar thinke he hath put too little, he addeth more, as he thinketh the thing is worth: and the Portugales must not stand with them too strickt; for if they doc, then they will haue no more trade with them : For they distlaine to be refused, when they thinke that they haue offered ynough, for thry bee a peeuish people, and haue dealt so of a long time: and by this trade the Portugals change their commodities into gold, and cary it coWen traJei to the Castle of Mozambique, which is in an Island not farre distant from the firme land of 'hat the Por- Cafraria on the coast of Ethiopia, and is distant from India 'iS()0. miles. Now to returne to '° my voyage, when I came to Ormus, I found there Master Francis Berettin of Venice, and ^»e fraighrcd a bark together to goe for Basora for 70. durkcts, and with vs there went other Marchants, which did e.isc our fraiaiht, and very commodiously wee came to Basora and there wc slaved 40. davcs for prouidin,4 a Carouaii of barks to go to Babylon, becau-ic they v.se not to goe two or .'<. barkcs at once, but 25. or .SO. because in the night they cannot go, but must make them fast to ilie banks of the riuer, and then we must make a very good & strong guard, and be wel proui.icd of armor, for respert & salVgnrd of our goods, because the number of theeues is great th;it come to spoile and rob the marchants. And when we depart lor Babylon we goe a liile \sith our saile, and the voyage is ^8. or 40. dayes long, but we were .')0. dayes on it. When wc lame to B.ibylon we : 'a>eil there 4. moneths, vntill the Caroii.in was ready to go oner the wilderncs, or desert for .Mepo ; in this citie we were (>. .Marchants that ace (impanied together, Hue Venetians and a Portugal ; whose names were as followrih, Messi-r Florina>^a with one of his kinsmen, Mes-er .\ndrea de Polo, the Portugal \ M. Francis Berettin and I, and so wee furnished our selues with victuals and beanes lor our horses for 40. d.iyes ; and wee bought hoises and mules, for that the^ bee very good An otjftiio'v ihc.ipe there, 1 my stlfe Ixuf^ht a horse there lor II. akcns, ijid solde him after in Alcpo g",''™"'',','" lor .'iO. duckets. Also we bought a 'I'ent which did vs \erv great i)leasure: we had ;ilso i'""' f""" ainonust vs Wi. Camels huU-n with march.miHsc : for t!u' which we paid 'i. duckets for cuery Atcpo"" ' camels lailini;, and for eucry 10. camels they made 1 1, lor so is their v>c and cu^tome. We lake also with ss '.i. men to .-erue vs in the vovage, which are \sed to goe in those vovages lor (ii;e D d. a man, and are buind to scrue vs to Alej) i : so that wc |)assed \erv well without anv trouble : when the camels cried out to rest, our paiiilion was the lir-t that was erected. The Caniuan maketh but small ionrneis ab>)iit 20. miles a dav, &: thcv set forwards cuery mia:iing bel'iire ilav two houres, and about two in the artenuume they sit downe. We had great •.;ood hap in our voyage, for lint it rained: For which caujc wo iicuer wanted water, but eutrv .lay found gooil water, so that we could ml take any hurl tor want of water. Yet we caried a camel laden alwayes with water for e'.ierv gocnl respect that might chance in the dc;.ert, so that wee had no want neither of one thing, nor other that was to bee had in the (.ii'trcy. For wee ca:ue \ery well lurnished of eucrv thing, and cuery day we e;.t fresh mutton, because there < a^ue many shepheards willi \s with their Hocks, who kept those sheepe that wc bought in Babylon, aiul euerv marchant marked his sheepe with his owtie marke, and wc gaue the shepheards a .Medio, which is two pence of our money for the keeping and feed- in ■' r\ I If ."'(?•< ' -I ii M >)lll 111 41' » 374 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M, Cesar Frederick. j6. Dayes iour. itey oucr thewil- Jerlics. An order how to prouide for the going to leruulem. The author re- turnrth to Ve- nice Ij8l. A very pood oijer that they haur in thoic t'our.treys for the rccinicring •f the goodi of tile dead. iiig our sheep on the way and for killing of them. And beside the Mcdin they haue the heads, the 8kinnc9, and the intrals of euery shccpc they kil. We sixe boiij;ht 20. shccpe, and when v,c came to Alepo we had 7. aliue of them. And in the Carouan they vsc this order, that the marchant!^ doc lendc flesh one to another, because they will not cary raw flesh with them, but pleasure one another by lending one one day and another another day. From Babylon to Alepo is 40. dayes iourncy, of the which they make 36. dayes oner the wildernes, in which 30. dayes they neither see house, trees, nor people that inhabitc n, hut oncly a plaine, and no signe of any way in the world. The Pilots iroc before, and the Caro- uan folioweth after. And when they sit downc ail the Carouan vnladeth and sitteth doune, for they know the stations where the wells arc. I say, in 36. dayes we passe ouer the wjl- dernesse. For when wee depart from Babylon two dayes we passe by villages inhabited vntil wc haue passed the riucr Euphrates. And then within two dayes of Alepo we haue villages in- habited. In this Carouan there goelh aiway a Captaine that doth lustice vnto all men ; and euery night they keepe w.ntch about the Carouan, and comming to Alepo we went to Tripoli, whereas Master Florin, and Master Andrea Polo, and I with a Frier, went and hired abarketn goe with vs to lerusalem. Departing from Trijjolie, wc arriucd at lafla: from which place in a day and halfe we went to lerusalem, and wc gaiic order to our barke to tary for vs vniill our rctiirne. Wee stayed in lerusalem 14. dayes, to visile those holy |)la<;es : from whence we returned to laflh, and from laflii to Tripolie, and there wee shipped our selues in a ship of Venice called the Bagazzana; And by the helpe of the diuine power, we arriued safely i,i Venice the lift of Noucmber I.jSI. If there be any that hatli any desire to goe into ilKjfic partes of India, Id iiim not be astonied at the troubles that I haue passed: because I wn-t inlangled in many things : for that I went very poore fro Venice witli I'^'X). duckets im- j)loved in niarchandize, and when 1 came to Tripolie, I fellsicke in the house of Master l\C:::i- ly Oratic, and this man sent aw.iy my goods wit!) a small Cnniuan that wi'Ut from Tripolie lo Alepo, and the Carouan was robd, and all my goods lost sauing I'oure che-ts of glasses whidi cost me 'iOO. duckets, of which glasses I found many broken : because the thceucs thinkiii;; it had bene other niarchandize, brake them vp, and seeing ihey were glasses they let ihcm all alone. And with this oncly stocf%e I aduetiiured (u ;;()e into the Indies : And thus wiili change and rechange, and by diligence in my voyage, (Ji'd did blesse and helpe mee, so ili:ii I got a good slocke. I will not be Miniiiidfull lo juit iliem in reinembra'ice, that haue a dc- sire lo goe into those p. iris, how thev sliall keepe liieir goods, ane Marchaiits ihal hv chance die in those vovagrx, and ihey that haue not made their Wills and regi^ired tiiem in liie afore-ayde schooles, ilie C.iplaincs wil consume their goods in .such wise, that litle or nothing will be lel'i for ihcir heires and friends. Also there goeih in these same vovagcs some marchants that are commis- saries of the schoole of .Sancla miscriconlia, that if any .Marchani die and haue his Will made, and hath giuen order that the schoole of Misericcrdia shall haue his gocMJsand sell them, then ihey sonde the money by exchange to the schoole of Miscriconlia in Lisbouc, with that copic of his Testament, then from Lisljon thev ^iuc iutelli<,'enie thereof, into what j)arf ofChrisien- dome socuer it be, and the heires of such a one comming thither, with Icslimoniall that thev be heires, they shall rccciue there the \aliie of his goods : in sue h wise that thev shall not loose any thing. But they that die in the kingdome of Pegu loose the ihirde p.irt of their goods by anticnt custome of tlic {'ountrcy, that if any Christian dielh in the kingdmne ol Pegu, the king and his oflicers re-t heires of a ihinic of his goods, and there hath ncueri)rne any deceit or fraudc vsed in this matter. I haue kuowen many rich men that haue duelled in Cesar Frederick. The Q. let. to tlu K. of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 375 ill Pegu, ami in their age they haiic desired to go into their owne Countrcy to die there, and haiie departed with al their goods and substance without let or trouble. In Pegu the fashion of their apparel is all one, as well the noble man, as the simple: the Order of »ppaHi onely dilfcrcncc is in the fiiienes of the cloth, which is cloth of Bombast one finer then ancv'" '''«"• ihcr, and they weare their apparell in this wise: First a white Bombast cloth which senieth for a shirt, then they gird another painted bombast cloth of fouretccnc brases, which they binde vp betwixt their leggc-f, and on their heads they wcarc a small tock of three braces, made in ^uize of a myfcr, and some goc without tocks, and cary (as it were) a blue on their Iicades, ^vliich doeth not passe the lower part of his eare, when it is lifted vp : they goe all Iwrc footed, but the Noble men ncucr goe (m foote, but are caried by men in a seate with j^reat reputation, with a hat made oftheleaucs of a tree to keepe him from the raine and Siinnc, or otherwise they rkle on horsebacke with their feete bare in the stirops. All sorts Ti^j^^jj^^f^. (if women whatsoeucr they be, weare a smocke downe to the girdle, and from the girdle womens apparel downewards to the (bote they wcarc a cloth of three brases, open before ; so straite that they '" '''^'"" cannot goe, but they must shcwc their secret as it were aloft, and in tlieir going they faine to hide it with their hand, but they caiiot by reason of the straitnes of their cloth. They say that ihisvse was inuented by a Qucenc to be nn occasion that the sight thereof might re- moue frum men the vices against nature, which they are greatly giuen vnto; which sight should cause them to regard women the more. Also the wimen j;oe bare footed, their armes laden with lioopes of golde ;ind lewel-: And their fingers full of precious rings, with their haire rolled vp about their heads. Many of them weare a cloth about their shoulders instead of a cloake. Now to linish that which I haue 1)C!;nniic to write, I say, that those parts of the Indies are ve- ry good, because that a man tiiat hath litlc, sliail make a great deale thereof; alwaycs they must gouerne tlieniscliics tlial ihry lie taken for honest men. For why ? to such there shal rciicr wa!)t heipe to doe wcl, l)ut he that is vicious, let him tary at home and not go thither, l)ccause he shall alwayes be a begger, and die a poorc man. Letters concerning the voyaj'e of M. lohn Ncwbery and M. Ralph Fitch, made by the way of the Lcuant Sea to Syria, and oucrland to Balsnra, and thence into the East Indies, and beyond, In the yeerc l,')S.'jJ. A letter written from tlic (iucencs Majestic, to Zelabdiin Echcbar, King of Cam- baia, and sent i)y loiin Ncwlicry. I;i rdiruary Anno Ij8.'i. Kl.izabclh by the grace of (iod, &c. To the most iiuiiiicible, and most mightie prince, lord Zelabdim Eciiclar king ofC'ambava. Inuinciblc Kmpcror, &c. The great atlection whiili our Stibiccts haue. to \isit the niiHt distant places of the \wirld, not without good will mil intention to introduce the trailc of marchand'/c of at nations wh.-.tsncucr thev can, by wiiich meancs the mutii.d and IrieinlU traliqiic of marc handi/.e on liotli sides mav come, is the cause that the licarcr of this letter lohii Newherv, iovntlv with those that be in his com- |)aii\, with a curteoiis and honest l)iddnes«e, die repairc to the borders and coiiptrevs of Miir Kinpire, we douht iK.t imt that \oiir impcilall Maicstic tiirough vour roval grace, will i.cuoi'rabl) and IViciiilK aicept him. And that \ou would doe it the rathtr for our sake, to make vs greatly Ix'lioldiiig to vmir Niaicstic; wee should more earnestlv, and with more \sorde-. ic(|ul;\> it, il wee did tiiink it necdrul. Hut bv the singular rejxirt thai is of vour iitipcria! Maiestics hi niaiiitie in these \tter.nost parts of the world, we arc greatly eased of that burden, and tlicriTore we \se ilie fewer and lesse words; onciv we reipicst tliat because they arc our subiecis, thiv n.av be lionestlv iiitrcatcd a:.d n vciiied. And that in respect of the hard iourncN which thiv haue \iidcrtaken to piaces so Car dislnit, it would please your Maieslic with some libcitic and '^ci iiritie of voia^e to gratitie it, \-ilh such priuileges as to yoii sh.ll sdinc ;;coa : winch cuilcsie if vour Inipciiali ii'iii'slic shal U our subiects .It our rc(|iie-,fs jirrrmii.e, wet', acccniiiig t(i our ro\a!' lur. iir wii rccompence the same with as many dc-crt:! as we cm. .\nd herewith we bill your Imperial AJaies-tie to farewel. A letter :m I'^'i..'' ' 111 ■'" ■ i in iIM -I •'■ H. '\i S'.'* nm •3U VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, lohn Ncwhcrie. A letter written by her Maiestic to the King or China, in Februaric I58;{. ELizabcth by the grace of God Qiieenc of England, &c. Mo»t Imperial and inuinribic prince, our honest subicct lohn Newbcry the bringcr hereof, who with our fauoiir hath lakew in hand the voyage which nowc hcc pursueth to the part:< and counlrcys of your Empire, nnr trusting vpon any other ground then vpon the fauour of your Imperiall cicinencie ami Im- nianitie, is inoued to vndertakc a thing of so much din'uullie, being perswaded that hcc hailing entered into so many perils, your ^faiestie will not dislike the same, es|iecially if it may ap|)earc that it be not daniagcable vnto your royall Maiesiic, and that to your pcuplo it will bring some profite : of both which things he not doubting, with more willing inindc hath prepared himselfc for his destinated voyage vnto vs well liked of. For by this mcancs we percciiie, that the profit which by the mutual trade on both sides, a! the jirinces our neighbors in y West do receiue, vour Imperial maiestic & those that be subiect vndcr your dominion, to their i;rcat ioy and benefit shal hauc the same, which consisteth in the tran- sporting outward of such things whereof we hauc plenty, & in bringing in such things 3% we stand in need of. It cannot otherwise be, but that seeing we arc borne and made to haiie need one of another, & that wee are bound to aide one another, but lliat your imperial Maiestic wil wel like of it, & by your subiects \V like indcuor wil be accepted. For the increase whereof, if your imperial Maiestie shall adde the secnritie of passage, with other priuiieges most necessary to vse the trade with your men, your maicsiic shall doe that which belongeth to a most honorable & liberal prince, and dcserue so much of vs, as by no co- tiniiance or length of time shalbe furgotten. Which request of ours we do most instantly desire to be take in goo of .May IjS3. Yours asiiured.. lohn Newberie. vol., II. .'{ (■ Another ,i t \ r n >« • liH VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, lohn Newberle. 1^.' ; • ' 'i i •: ^''4 Ormu*. Thf pricpi of IPILCI it JSi' Another letter of Master Newberie to the arorcsaide M. Poore, written rrom Babylon. MY last I sent you, was the 29 of May last pant from Aleppo, by George Gill the purser of the Tiger, which the last day of the same moncth came from thciirc, & arriiitd at rdiige the ID day of lune, which Fciugo i» one dayes iourncy from hence. Noiwiilwtamlinj; houic of our company came not hither till the last day of the Ia»t moncth, wliith was for w.uit of Camels to rary our goods: for at this lime of the ycerc, by reason n{' the great hrale that U here, Camels are very scant to be gotten. And since our comining hither we hauc fdiiiwl very small sales, but diucrs say that in the winter our commodities will be very well sold, j Cray God their words may prooiie true. I thinke cloth, kersics & liiine, haue neucr bciip ere at so low prices as they art- now. Notwithstanding, if I had here so much readie moncv as the commodities are woorth, I would not doubt to make a verv good prolite of this voiagc hither, and to Balsara, and so by Gods hclpc there will be reasonable pniliie made of iho voiage. But with haife money & halfe commoditie, may be bought here the best sort nl' spices, and other commodities that are brought from the Iiidies, ai)ant uf a mini /.aranics anil one , but he is a very John Newberle. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 379 vnto you, bopini, fri) you, tiim- wil ivith tlu- ri'sl u»Tc iUw wil «irml v- all at I brought IcitiTs cause, vpou irtlers It-It wiiball in Cioa, lis letters for our )ut vs to (kalli. It will be dene. All lis trouble had lU'i nd from HaUara to irowiies, for that lis agaiiic which U now like to be lo«t: I pray you make my hearty commendation He »!'■ V !■ „!'.* ■■< r m VOYACRS, NAUIGATIONS. M. John Ntvihtrlt. V k^ 1 1:1 '?. ■ t ■ -I \ Tht lulSor of ihibgok ufthc tiiit luditi. y Tliii ii h« wh;j< borne in Wiltshire in England, and is called || Padre Thomas Sieiiens. Also I chanced to (inde here a young man, who was borne in Antwerpe, but the most pan nf his bringing vp hath beene in London, his name is I'rnncix de Hea, and with him it was nu Imp to be nrcpiainlcd in Aleppo, who also hath done me great pleasure here. In the prison at Ormus we remained many dayes, also we lay a long lime at i*ea cninmini; hither, and forthwith at our arriual here were caried to prison, and the next day after wiru Ncnt for before the Aueador, who is the chiefest iustice, to be examined: and when we wt-ro examined, he presently scntv* backeagainc to prison. And ;ifter our being here in prison l.{ dales, lames Storic went into the monasterj . f S Paul, where he remainetht and is made one of the company, which life he likcth very W' !l. And vpon S. Thomas day ( which was 92 dayes after our nrriuall here) I came out of pri-nn. and the next day after came out Halph I'itch, and William Hets. If these troubles had not chanced, I had beene in possiliiiiiy to haiic made as good a vonis;,. as cuerany man made with so much mcmcy. Many of our things I haiie sidde very well, j),ii|i here and at Ormus in prison, notwithstanding the ca|)taine willed me (il I would) to ^cll what I could before we imbarked: & so with odiccrs I went diners limes out of the laotlc in the morning, and solde things, and at night returned a<;nine to the prison, and all thin!;< tliat I solde tliey did write, and at our imbarking from thence, the capl.iin gaiie order that I should dcliucr all my mony with the goods into the hands of the scriuaiin, or purser of the ship, which 1 did, and the scriuano made a remembrance, which he leCt there v\ith the cap. laine, that my selfe and the rest with money & goods he -hould deliiicr into the hands of the Aueador generall of India : but at our arriuall here, the Aueador would neither meddli- wiii\ goods nor money, for that he could not prone any thing again>t vs : wherefore the goniU re mained in the ship !> or 10 dales after our arriual. and then, fur thai the ship was tosaile fn.ni thence, the siriuano sent the goods on shore, and here thev ren nined a day and a niijlii, .ird no biKly to rcceiue them. In the end thev sufTcrcd this bringer to receiue them, who f.iiu with me from Ormus, and put ihem into an house whi hands, where they remained fourtecne dayes after mv comniing out of prison. At my heir.; in Aleppo, I bought a founiaine of silm-r and gilt, sixe kniue-^, sixe spoone-i, and one furkc trimmed \%ith corall for line and twcntie chekins, which the captaine of Onmis did lake, and payed for the same iwentiepardaos, which is one huruircd larin«'s, ami was worth there it here one hundreur goods is (iiiisunied. There is miuh of our things which wil sell very well, & some we sh;i|| jrct iiolliiii'j; for. 1 hope in (iod that at the relurne of the Viceroy, ^vhich is gone to (haul and to Diu, they »av, to wituie a castle of the Moores, whose reiurne is thought \ull be about i;a*ter, then we shail get our libertie, and our sureties discharged. Then 1 thiiike it will be our hest way, cither one or both to returne, because our troubles haue bene so great, iV: so inu< h ol our ;;()ods spoyled and lo«.t. But if it please God that 1 come into Kngland, by (i(.ds lu'lpc, 1 will returne hither againe. It is a braue and pleasant couiitrev, and serv fruit- I'lilj. The --uininer is almost all the vcere long, but the chiefesi at ('hristmas. The (lay aiul the ni:;ht are all of one length, very liile diflereiice, and manieilous j;reat «tiirf of rniils. For all our great troubles, yet are we fat aiul well liking, for victuals arc here plentie aiul gixnl cheap**. Aiul here I will passe ouer to certilie you of strange things, Mitiil our meeting, for it would be too long to write thereof. .\iul thus I commit you to God, \tiui euer prescrue yuu and vs all. From Gou in the V-aal Indies the 'i5 of lanuarie ir>K4. Yours to conim.ind, Halph Fitch. The I! ■ mm '<^ ' 1 1' ft rB'lf f. yjv- >;«'¥*» i fill ,i^V :i,r?f SS'J Bird. Ujbvloii. '11.* (t'*.T BovlmE pitcli tciithtUjIU i\su II. g .»ut ul" the ••nh. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. J»/. Halph Filch. The voyage of Nf. Ralph Fitch marchant of London by the way of Tripolis in Syria, to Ormiis, and so to Goa in the East India, to Cambaia, and all the kingdomc of Zelabtlim Echcbar the prcat Mogor, to the mijihty riucr Ganges, and downc to Bcngala, to Bacola, and Chondcri, to I'egu, to Iinahay in thi' kinjjdomc oCSiam, and backe to Pegu, and from thenre to Malacca, Zcilan, Cochin, and all the coast of the East India: bcgunne in the yeere of our Lord 1583, and ended 1591, >vherin the strange rite.s, maners, and rnstomc.^ of those people, and ilio exceeding rich trade and commodities of those countries are faithfully set dowiu- and diligently described, by the aforesaid M. Halph rilch. IN' the veere of our Lord I.")S.'{, I Ralph Fitch of London marchant being desirous to nght a l)oafe and agreed with a master :i:i.! bargemen, for to go to Babvlci". These boats be but for one voiage; for the strcamc d I'l runne so last downcwardes that ihev cannot rcturne. Thev carie ycu to a towne wlii( h t\x, call Eelugia, and there vou sell the boate for a litle money, for that uhich cost you IHi:i ■ Birra you sell there forscuen or eight. Erom Birra to Felugia is si\icene dayes iourno\, : is not good that one boate goe alone, for if it should < hance to brcake, vou should li.r, ■ much a doe to s.iue your goods from the Arabians, which be aiwaves there abouis rolil.i; ■.: and in the nighl when vour bo.iies be made fast, it is necessarie that vou keepe good w ;r For llie Arabians that bee tlieeues, will come swimming and steale vour giKxIs and (Ice .w.i against \\hich a yunne is verv good, (or they doe fcare it vcrv much. In the riuer ol I ;;• jjhrale^ from Birra to Felugia there be eerlaine phices where you p:iy cu^tome, so mam NK- dines for a some or Camel-, lading, and eerlaine r.ivsons :ind sope, which is for the sunm ■< ■ f Ab. rise, which is Lord of the Arabians and all that great desert, and h:ith some villages \|i ■\ the riuer. Filujia where vou vnlade your goexls which come from Birra is a little \ili.i-c: from whence \ou ;;oe to Babylon in a dav. Babylon is a towne not Ncry great but vcrv poptdous, ami of great trathkr of stnin^ r- for thai it is ilic\\.i\ to I'er-ia, Turkiaand Araiiia: and from liunce doe gi e C.inui.jns li - these and other places Here are great store of vicHials, \vhihe Turke. Oner aL;:un»t Habvlon there is a verv liiirc \il- lagc from wlience you j).isse lo Bab\lon vpon a lonu bridge made of l)o:its, and t\cd |i ;i great cliainc of yron, wiiii h is made fast on cither side of the riuer. \\ iu-ii any boate- :irc to pa—e \i)ordowne the riuer, tin y t;ike ;iwav ( eil.'.inc of the boales \nii;l ihev l:e p.isl. Ihe fower id ri;d)el i-^ buill on ihisside the riuer T\:'i is. lowardes .\i;d)ia lium llie inw: • about seuen or ei';iit miles, which lower i- ruiiiated on all sides, ;iiul willi ihe fall IJcieol 1 uih made as it were a litle mnunlaine, so t!ial it h.nlli no sli.ipe al all: it w.is made of hiii kcs driol in the -oiine, and k riain c:ines ;ind leaiies id' ilie paline irce !a\ ed li; iwivt the biiikc'-. liicir is no entrance to he seeiie to goe into it. It doth sl:nul vpon a great pLiine belwix' iheriiicr- ol' Iviipliiates and T \ gris. By ilie riucr laipliraies two dayes iournev from Ba')\Ion at a [)Iace called .\it, in a litklr ncere \nio ii, is a strange thing lo sec: a mouth tliai doth tontiiiually throwc foorlh a^ii"-! the- ■ I % JM. Ralph Filch. rripolis in Syria, the kingdoinc of s, and downc to nj;domc of Siain, rhin, and nil the IJSJ, and ended people, and the thfully set downe being desirous to ■jcc nianhant (which ImJ I Storv I'.iintcr, hciin and M. Kicliard Stajicr ndon lalicd tlic Tvm-r. the way lor Alcp])!', and finding good (nni- rauaiie with t'aineU, the wall "I" ihe lowiir cd with a ma-itiT :i;iil ■; for till- sircamc d- ili to a towiie whi( h tlirv whii h io«t you (ili:c • tcene d:ives ionrnr\, : cake, von should li.r,,' s there al)outs rohliii:; vou keepe good wui iir gooils and (lee ;i\va , I. In the riuer of i n- i'u-.tome, so nianv Mi- lich is for the somiun ^ f th sonic viila;;es \]i ;i iirra is a little \iil>i,c: M. Ralph Fitch. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 383 It tralTtke of siranu r- doe gi e Caroiiiii^ ti - (■ from Armenia iloww kiiines lilowne fiiil "f )( (Is whieh are lin I'iM aiul ( arry iheni Imiko lo t'le kingdi'inc if there is a very liiirc \il- r lioats and t\e.l t> :i Wiicli any hoati-. arc \nli:l they he pa>l. Ai:il)ia from the mwr" siih tiie fall ilirreof laih » in.iile of hriikcs di-iitl wi\t the Iniike-. liicir )laine i)ct\si\' theiiiui- called Ait, in a licK'.i' iv ihrowo fourlli a,.""-' ilic the ayre boyling pitch with a filthy smoke: which pitch doth runne abroad into a great fielde which is alwayes full thereof. The Moores say that it is the mnuth of hell. By reason of the great quantitie of it, the tnen of that countrey doe pitch their boates two or three inches thickc on the outside, so that no water doth enter into them. Their boates be called Danec. When there is great store of water in Tigris you may goc from Babylon to Basora in 8 or 9 dayes: if tiiere be small store it will cost you the more dayes. Basora in times p.ast was vnder the Arabians, but now is subiectc to the Turkc. But some of them the Turke rannot subdue, for that they holde certaine Ilandes in the riuer Kuphrates which the Turkc ca' not winnc of them. They be thecues all and hauc no setled dwelling, but rcniciie from place to place with their Camels, goates, and horses, wines and children and all. They haue lar;;e blew gownes, their wiui scares and noses are ringed very full of rings of co|)p r and sihur, and they weare rings of copper about their legs. Basora stan;^ i ) H. , I ....... -^ i ,« tin. ,»*•*> I i 1|, ■■ i,^"*vi.^' ! SM Siniiu. Biiaim. Tani. Chtul. ■J'li'n *\\ tiiC 10. ut Nourm- Ixr. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, iW. 7Z7t Filch. shortly after his citie was taken by the great Mogor, which is the king of Agra and oi DcHI, which are fortic daycs iourncy from the country of Cambaiu. Here the women wcaro vpnn their armes infinite numbers of rings made of Elephants teeth, wherein they take so mucli delight, that they had rather be without their mcate then without their bracelets. Goinir from Diu we come to Daman the second townc of the Porfugalcs in the countrcy of Cambaia whi( h is distant from Diu fortic leagues. Here is no trade but of come and rice. They iiaiu; manv villages vnder them which they quietly posscsse in time of peace, but in time ( i warre the encmic is maister of them. From thence we passed by Basaim, and from IJasaim to Tana, at both which places is small trade but only of come and rice. The tenth of No- uember we arriucd at Chaul which standeth in the (irme land. There be two townes, the ono belonging to the I'orlugales, and the other to the Moores. That of the I'ortugiilcs is nccrct to the sea, and commaundeth the bay, and is walled round about. A little abouc that is ilu- towiie of the Moored which is gonerned by a Moore king railed Xa-.Maluco. Here i.s I'.rijt tradike for all sortes of spices and drugges, silke, and cloth of silke, saiulalcs, Elcphniii', teeth, and much China worke, and much sugar which is m.ndc of the nutle called (i.i'4:ira: the tree is called the palmer: which is the proiitablest tree in the workle: it doth alwaycs hcarc fruit, and doth yeeld wine, ov'e, sugar, vineger, cordcs, coles, of the leaucs arc m.iile iliaidi for the houses, sayles for shippes, mats to sit or lie on: of the branches they make ihur houses, and broomes to sweepe, of the tree wo(h1 for shippes. The wine docth issue mil ii the toppe of the tree. They rut a branch of a bowe and binde it hard, and hangc an rartlic i pot vpiin it, which thcv emptie euerv morning and euery eucninj^, and still if and put in hi. taine dried raysins, and it becommeth verv strong wine in sht, there is no passing in the strcetes but with horses, the waters be so high. The houses are made of lome and thatched. Here is great store of cotton cloth made, ami painted clothes nt' cotton wooll : here growelh great .store of corne and Hice. We fouiul mariages great store both in townes and villages in manv places where wee passed, of boves of eight or ten s„j„,, \ ceres, and girlcs of liue or six vecres old. Thev both do ride vpo!i one horse very trimly niaiij.c<. ilc(ke.(i voor.g, because it is an order that when the man dieih, li.e woman inu"-! lie burned uiih him : so that if the father die, yet tlie\ may hauc a father in lawe to lulpe to firing vp f!ie children wliiih bee maried: and also that they will not leaue their soiiniN without wines, nor their daughters without husbands. From thence we \>en\ to Mandowav, wliicii is a very strong towne. It was be-icjied tweliie vecres bv Ze- ,, , labdim F.chebar lielore he Klog' r. From thence we went for F"atepore, ^^hich is the pi. ice where the king kept his court. ? ■ Ihe towne is greater then .Agra, but thehou-^cs and streele-i be not so faire. Here dwell many ]iefi])le both Moores and Gentiles. The king hath in .Agra and Fateporc as ihcy doc credibly w>i. 11. .■> J) report Vi\ 1* ff > ' .1) i! f. V L '>! 'I 'ill 1^1 WU !i ', I. ' '■■■"•('''} f * h,^^f!)« .mA. ^i! SS6 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Ralph Filch. Tht likfij re- ported rt thr titicii^t CUiiu. MTurJ the k.ing of Cambau. rrport 1000. elephants, thiitie thousand horses, 1400. tame Deere, 800. concubines: such store of Ounces, Tigers, BulHcs, Cocks & Ilaukcs, that is very strange to see. He kcepeth a great court, which they call Dericcan. Agra and Fatep'ire are two very great ci- ties, either of them much greater then Loudon and very populous. Bctweene Agra and Fate- pore arc Vi. iniica, and all the way is a market of victuals & other things, as full as though a man were still in a towuc, and so many people as if a man were in a market. They haiie many fine cartes, and many of them earned and gilded with gold, with two whceles which be drawen with two litlc Buls al)out the bigncsse of nur great dogs in England, and they will runne with any horse, and carie two or three men in one of these cartes : lliey arc coucred with silke or \erv fmc cloth, and be v.sed here as our Codies be in Kngl ind. Hither is grc;it resort of niarchants from Persia and out of India, and very much marchandise of silke ami cloth, and of precious sKines, both Knbics, Diamants, and I'earles. The king is apparellcil in a white Cable made like a shirt tied with strings on the one side, and a litle cloth on his head coloured oftentimes with red or yealow. None come into his house but his eunuclics which keepe his women. Here in Fatepore we staled all three vntill the 'i8. of Scpiemhcr l."»8."). and then master lohn Newberie tooke his ioiirnev toward the cilie o( Labor, deter- mining from thence to goe for Persia and then for Aleppo or Constantinople, whether hoc could get soonest passage vnto, and directed me to goe for Hcngala and for I'cgu, anil did proirise me, if it pleased God, to luecte me in IJengala within two yeeres with a shippe out of England. I left William Leadcs the icweller in seruicc with the king Zelabdiin Eeliei)ar in Fatepore, who did entertainc him vcrv well, and ganc him an house and fine -lanes, aii horse, and euerv dav si\e S. S. in money. I went from .Agra to Satai^am in Bengala, in iln< companie of one hundred and fourescore boafes laden with .Salt, Opium, Hinue, Lead, Car- pets, and diners other commodities d')wne tiie riiicr lemcna. The chicle manhants are ,^|oore^ Thtsgpfrdi- and Gentiles. In these coinitrics fliey haue many strange ceremonies. The Hianianes \vliiih auhtlirmintl '^'"'^ ^^^^^ pricsts, comc to tlic watcr and banc a siring about their necks made with great re re- monies, ;ind lade vp watcr with both their hands, and inrne the string first with both tluir hands within, and then one arnic after the other out. Tliough it be ncuer so cold, thev \»ill wash themselucs in cold watcr or in warnu". 'flicse (icmiles will eate no flesh nor kill am thing. The\ line with riec, butler, niiike, and fruits. fhcy pray in the water naked, ami (Ircsse their nicat Ot ealc it naked, and for their |)eManec thev lie flat \pon the earth, and ri-c vp and turne ihemselues about .{(•. or ^^i times, and vse to heauc \ j) their hands to the vuiiiio, & to ki-^se llie earth, with their armes and legs strelehed along out, :in(l their right leg ahs:u(:s before the left. I^uery tinie they lie downe, they make a score on the ■jround with their lin- ger to know when their stint is finished. The liramanes niarke theui--elncs in the foreheaiU, cares and fhroatcs with a kiiut of \ellow gearc whit li thev grind, 8c euerv morning thev iln it. And they bane some old men which go in the streete-. with a boxe of yellow pinidcr. and inarke men on their heads \- necks as they meet them .\pid their wiues do come In 10. '20. iSc :iO. together to the water side singiny;, iV there do wash themselues, i*c then \«t.' their ceremonies, iK: niarke themselues in their foreheds and faces, and larv some with tlieiii, and so depart singing, fhcir daui;hters be marieil, at, or before the a^e of 10. vercs, The men may liane 7. wiues. TTiey lie a Kind of i raftic people, worse then the lewes Wluii they salute one another, they heaue \ p their bands to their heads, anil say Hame, liame. 1 lo ♦Jitivn ;\gra I came to I'raue, where the riuer leiuena entreth into the mighlie riuer Ganges, and Iiincna looseth his name tianges commcth out f>f the Northwest, iJs: ruruicth East into the guile of Hcngala. In those j)aris there are many Tigers and many partriges iSj lurtlc-dones, and nuuh other foule. Here be many beg^ers in these countries which goe naked, and the jjcople make great account of them : they call thetn Schesehe. Here I sawe one which was a monster among the rest. He would haue nothing vpon him, his beard was \erv loiii;, ami with the haire of his head he coucred his priuities. fhe nailes of some of his fingers were two ill! lies long, fVir he would cut nothing from him, neither would he speake. He was ac- coinpmicd with eight or tenne, and fhiy spake for him. When any man spake to him, he would lay his hand vpon his brest and bowc hiinselfc, but would not speake. Hce would not speake 'i'-'i M. Ralph Fitch. ;onrul)incs; hucIi ge to see. He wo very };reat ci- ne Agra and Fatc- s full as though a irket. They liaiie whccles which be ind, and they will they arc couered il. ilither is great lulisc ot" sili\e and king is apparelled 1 title cl.ith (111 his f but his eiiiuirlie-i ^8. ol" Sepiembcr e ()( Labor, deicr- ople, whether hec fur Pegu, and did s with a shippc mit Zelabdiin Kcheliar and (iue -lanes, an in Ik'iigala, in the Iliii^c, Lead, Car- inhanls are M()(irc> be Jiranianes wliiih de with great i trc- irst with boib il'„ir T so told, lliev \ull 1 liesb nor kill am ; water naked, ami I the earth, and ri«e bauds to the suiiiie. •ir rinlil leg alwaus und with their lin- in the forelu'iuU, morning they iln t' yellow pouder. iues do tome h\ hies, Js: then \»e ome with ilu-iii. I' 10. yer;-. llie ihe K'wes Wluii Haine, Itanie. liO riuer (jange-, and nneth La-it into llie <'s iV turtle-doui's oe naked, and llie iwe one which was was \erv long, ami of bis iiiigers were leake. He was ac- n spake to him, he e. Hce would not spcake M. Ralph Filch. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. as: rv speake to the king. We went from Prage downe CJangeii), the which is here very broad. Here i.s great store of fish of sundry sorts, & of wild foiile, as of swanncs, geese, cr.nnes, and many other things. The countrey is very fniitfull and populous. The men for the inost part bane their faces shauen, and their heads very long, except some which bee all shaiieii sane the trowne : and some of them are as though a man should set a dish on their heads, and shaue them round, all but the crownc. In this riuer of Ganges are many Hands. His water is very sweete and pleasant, and the countrey adioyning very fruitful!. Prom thence wee went to Hannaras wliieh is a great townc, and great store of eloth is made there of cotlo^l, Bmmrjs. and .Shaslies for the Moores. In this place they be all Gentiles, and be the greatest idolaters that euer I sawe. To this townc come the Gentiles on pilgrimage out of farre countreys. a piigrimige o* Here alongst the waters side bee very many faire houses, and in all of them, or for the most ''"'*=""'"• |)art they haue their images standing, which be cuill fauoured, made of stone and wood, some like lions, leopard.s, and monkeis, some like men & women, and pecock.i, and some like the deuil with foure amies and 4. hands. They sit crosse legged, some with one thing In their hands, & some another, & by breake of day and before, there are men & women which come out of the towne and wa.sh theselues in Ganges. And there are diners old men which vpon places of earth made for the purjiose, sit jiraying, and they giue the people three or foure strawcs, which they take & hold them betweene their fingers when they wash themselues : and some sit to marke them in the foreheads, and they haue in a cloth a litle Rice, Harlie, or money, which, when they haue washed themseliies, they giue to the old men which sit there praying, .\fierwaals they go to diners of their images, & giue them of their sacrifices. And when they giue, the old men say certaine prayers, and tlien is all holy. And in diners places there slandeth a kind of image which in their language they call ,\da. .\nd thev haue diners great stones earned, whereon they poure water, <.V- throw there- upon sonic rire, wheale, liarly, and some other things. This Ada bath foure hands with clawes. .Moreouer, they haue a gr<'at place made of stone like to a well with steppes to goc downe; wherein llie water standetli very foiile and stinkeih: lor the great quantitie of flowers, which coiiiiuiially they tlirowe into it, doe make it stiiike. There be alwaves many people ill it; for they say when lliey wa>.h tlicniselnes in it, that their sinnes be forgiuen them, be- cause God, as iliey say, did wash himseli'e in that pla< e. Thev gather vp the sand in the boitome of it, and say it is holy. They neuer pray but in the water, and thev wash iliein- sclues ouerhead, and lade vp water with both their liandes, and turiie themsehu s al)(iiit,[and then tlicN driiike.i lille of the water three times, and sogoe to their gods which stand in those houses. Smne of them will wash a place whi
  • ) <.*'k .;'"•#*> !. 1, r^ I .■^- ( Wl1(/ ft" This tying of new nijntd fi,lk^ t;.crlhfr ^y the cltiihci, wi» vv(il I'V the Mckuaniia vld titnr. Patenaw. CoU fautid. with their husbands when they die, if they will not their heads be shaiicn, and neiier any ac- count is made of them afterward. The people goe ail naked saue a lilie cloth bound about their middle. Their women haue their necks, amies and eares decked with rings ofslhicr, copper, tinnc, and with round hoopes made of luorie, adorne biirniiig before tlicni, From Hannaras I went to I'ateiiaw downe the riuer of (iangcs: where in the way we |),isM'(i manv faire towiies, and a counlrey ^ery I'ruitfiill: and many \ery great riiiers iloe enter iiiin Gangen, and some of them as gre.it as (iangc-i, which iai;se (ianges to bee of a great bre.iillli, ami so broad that in the lime of mine \ou cannot see from one side to the other. These In- dians when they bee si urched and throwen into the water, Uie men swiinme with their fat cs downewards, the women with tiieir faces vpwards, I thought thev lied something to them to caii-^e them to doe >o : bui thev sav no. There be very manv tilieiics in this countrey, wliii li be like to the Arabians: for thev haue no certainc ;iboiie, but are soiii,"time in one |)lai'e anil sometime in another. Here the women bee so decked with sillier and copper, tiiat it is stranue to see, thev use no'^hooes l)V reason of the rings of silner and topper, \\U\ li thev weare on tlulr toes. Here at I'aianaw the', linde golil in this miner. Thev iligge dcejie pits in the earth, aiul ^^.l^ll the earth in iircat holies, and therein tlie\ linde ilie gold, and they make the [)its round about wiili bricke, that the earth fall not in. I'aleiiaw is a verv long and a gre:it timne. In times p.•^^t it was a kingdom, hut now it is vnder /el.il)diin I^ilieb.ir, the great .Mogor. The men are l.iil and slemlcr, and haue manv old folk- among them: the hoii-.es are sim])Ie, made of e.irt!i and coucrcd wiih sirawe, the sirectes are vcrv large. In this towne there is a trade of colioii, & doth of cotton, much sugar, which thev cary from hem e to liengala ji;;l India, very mui li Opium anil other commodities. He that i> ihiefe here vnder the king is called Tip|)erda^, and is of great account among the [jcople. Here in Tatenaii I saw a dissembling prophet whitli sate vpon an horse in the market jilace, and made as though he slept, and many of the people tame and touched his feete with their hands, and then kissed their hands. They looke him for a great man, but sure he was a lasie lubber. I left him there sleeping. r!r' , -Miple uf these countries be much giuen lo such prating and dis»<;mbling hyj)ocrilcs. IV' m M. Ralph Fitch. , anil neucr any ac- cloth bound ahniit rith rings ofsiliuT, icT stones, and with and a stroke or red ', which is our May, (cd caps like to our ith thtir cares. Ha s all night, and that gilt, his friends will wafers side and si't hen tiicy be marled n which they mil a lie man and llie wo- 1 they giuc the olile diners things in it: rowe by the endc .if lilt I'lill of water, and id by her husbiuuU, ,|)on the cowcs taile, handes, and then the liev goc round about ; aivvaves tiiere, ami oe to diners of their iiiers times, and ihcii • niouthes nuuistriiii-, r, and glasse, soiiu' nio the houses where iriiiug lid'ore tlieni, 1 the way we |).is>e(l riuers doe cuter into e of a great bre.idlli, tlier These lii- ic with their laies imcthing to them t(i is lonulri'v, wliii li e in one place and ler, that it is strange thev weare on tlieir M the earth, aiuUsasli pits round about \silli ne. Ill limes jia-t ii The men are I.iH pie, made of e.irlh IS a trade of cotlon, id India, very muili ;illcd Tipperda-, and iliiig propiiet whuii many of tlic people ■i. They lookc him msr. T'.i-i.' , -iople ol M. Ralph fHtch. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 389 nm th From Patanaw I went to Tanda wliicli is in the land of Goiircn. It hath in times past bene Ttnda inCeu- a kingdom, but nov is subdued by Zelabdim Echcbar. Great trade and trafliipic is here of ""• rolton, and of cloth of cotton. The people goe naked with a litle cloth bound about their waste. It standcth in the eountrcy of Bcngala. Here be many Tigers, wild Hufs, and great store of wiide foule: they are verv great idolaters. Tanda standeth from the riuerCiangcs a league, be- cause in times past the riuer (lowing ouer the bankes, in time of rainc did drownc the countrey and manv villages, and so they (lie pevjilc Cnnw.\ thr lattJlir Cowr ta.Iei u BicaU. VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, M. Ralph Fiuh. berreporr. Sinnfrgan I IiUiiJ. Nejiail. Cotmin. l.adjcn vsrd lo ■uoyd the il-iii- gcr ui Willi bCASli. DwrlUii^ in Uaii. rouia or Tartaric. Ami they come to buy miiskc, cainhal.i, a$;al<), silke, pepper and Nun'roi) like the sadron of Persia. The countrcy is very s^at, ',\. moiielh.s ioiimey. There are very high iHoiintaiii.t in this countrey, iV one nl' iheni so sleep th.u when a man is (i. daiis ioiirney oil' it, he may sec it perfectly. Vpoii the-*e njountains an people which haiie cares of a spannc long : if their eares be not \m\)1, tiicy c;ill them ;ipcs. I'hey say that when they be \pon the mountaines, they see ships in the .Sea ^ayling to ami fro; but lliey know not ironi uliencc they come, nor whether they go. There are inarc.haiits which come out of the llast, they say, from vnder the sunne, whicli is from China, which haue no beards, and they suy (here it is somethins; warme. Uiil those which come from the other side of the mouniain's which is from the North, say there it is very (old. These Norliicrn merchants arc apparellcj with WDo'kn cloth and hats, white hosen close, and bootcs which be of Nfoscouia or Tariarie. Tiicy report that in their conntrey they haue very fjood horses, but they be litle : some men hauc foure, line, nr sixe hundred horses and kiue: they line with milke and lleshc. They cia ihc tailes of their kine, and sell them very sil!i slrawe, and ii.nic a I'ewe mats round about the wals, and ihi- do re to kcepe out the Tylers and the Fo\cs, Many of the pei>plc .irc \er\ riili. Mere llie\ will calc no llcsh, nor kill no beast ; ihev liiic of I{i( e, milke, and (ruils. They ;;oe with .1 litle cloth before llieni, and all the rest ol tiuir bodies is nuked, (ireat store of Coitiii cloili ti'.cth Ironi hence, aiul nnich Kice, wlureuiili they serue all India, Ceilon, IVgu, .Malai ca, Sinujlra. and many other places. I went I'rom .ScrrepcTc the 'iH. o! Noucinlier l.)S(>. for I'egii in a small shij) or foist i| one Albert Carauallos, and so pa-siny dowiie CJanges, and passing by the Isl.uxl ol .Sim- diua, portu Grande, or the counirie of Tipjjera, the kingdom of Kecon and Mogen, Icniiiiii: them on our left side with a I'aire wind at Norlliwest: our course was South and bv I{:i.i, which brought \s to the barre of Negrais in Tcgu: if any (ontrarv wind had come, wr had throwen many of our tilings oucr-boord : for we were so pestered with j)et ;tnd fiiu-.'-t ildih From the barrc of Ni^rnis to the cilie of I'cgu is ten dayes ioiirnpy by the riuers. Wee went tVimi Cosinin to I'enii in I'arors or boatcs, and passinj; vp the riiiers wee came to Me- m,j„,|. don, whirh is a prety townc, where there be a woiiderfull number of Faroes, for fhev kcepc their hies and their market-; in them all vpon the Witter. They rowc too and fro, and haiie :il! their marchandi/.cs in liieir boafcs with a >rreat Sombrero or shadow oner their heads (o kcf pe the simne from ihcm, which is as broad as a >;reat carl wheelc made of the leaiies of the C'.iro trees and li^j trees, and is \ery li.uht. From Mi'don we went to Dela, which is a very faire tnwne, and hatii a fairc port into the Dri... *ca, from wlience j;o manv ships to Nfalacca, Mecca, and many other places, llere are 18. ,ir 'iO. verv j;rcat and loii); houses, where thcv l.inn- and kee|> many elephants of the kinns: lor thereabout in the wildernesse they eatch the wiKle e!e|)hants. It is a very friiitfull coim- irev. Fmm Dela we went to Cirion, wln( h is .1 ..ood iciwne, and hath a faire j)orlc into the Cirion. wa, whither come many ships Irnin Mecca, Malacca, Sumatra, and frnn diners other i)laces. And there the ships staic and discliarye, iV send \p their jjoods in Faroes to Pet;ii. From Cirion we went to .Nfacao, which is a |)rclie tnwiie, where w,; I'-lt onr boats or Faroes, & in Mjciu. the mornii)'' takini; Delinueties, which arc a kind of Cochcs niatle of cords tS: cloth quilled,''"^'"'"';'''"" t^' ( aned vp(m a stan^; betweene .j. reaf, stnin,', and very faire, with wallos nf stone, and n both sides whereof arc houses ni;i(le liT the kings elephants, whii h be niatu'ilous great and faire, and are brought vp to w.irres ami in sendee of the king. And anniig the rest lie hath foure white ( lephaiifs, which r,.,ic»iiit« tir- .ire\.',- Tin re is no«.uih iicionni made of any l)lackcc|p. phant, be he neuerso preat. Anil -nrt'iy there be WdontUMTu'l l.iire and ureat, and some he nine cubitcs in hcij^ht. And they do report liiat ilie kinp; hath ;d)inie (iiie thousand elephants of warre, besides many other which be n<'t tau^'iit to (i^ht. Tiiis kinj; hath a very large ]Amt whereui he taketh the wililc elephant-. It -.lundeth about a mile In m Tenu, buiided with a faire court within, and is in a j;reat greiie < r wood; am) liwre be many huntsmen, whicli jr„ into the wildernesse with she elej)lianis: for without the she they are not to be taken, And they be tauj;ht for that purpose; and cuery hunter hath due orsixeol them : and they -ay that they anuoint the she elephants with a certaine (iintment, whch when the wild elephant drih smell, he will not leane her. When they h.iuc brought the wilde elephant neere vnto ilif place, they send word vnto the towne, and many horsemen and footmen come out and cnu«c the she elephant to enter into a strait way wl.ii h doclh fro to the palace, and the she and ho do runne in: for it is like a wood: and when thev be in, the >;atedolh shut. Afterward thev get out the I'emale: and when the male seeih that he is left alone, he wecpeth and crieih, imil runneth a;;ainst the walles, which be made of so slron;; trees, that .some of them doc hrc'ke tluir teeth with running ai;ainst them. Then they pricke him with -hnrpc u!i'. a good di>tance of!" and a great gnaid wiiiiont them. The Court yard is very gre.it. 11. u,* man will '•peake with tlu- king, he is to kiieeledowne, to heaut '» his hands to his liead, :m\ to put his head to the ground three limes, wlien he entreth, in liie middle w;n, and wlici he ccmnieth necre to the king: and then liesiiteth (h>wne and talkelliwith the king; il' ilr king like well of him, lie >itl( th neere him within three or foure paces: if he thinke not Kiil of him, he siiteiii liirllicr ill'. When he goeth to warre, he goeth very strung. At mv iicini; Odmiit.riii there he went to t)dia in the rountrev of Siani with three hundred thousand men, and tu.c thousand elephants. Thirty thou«and men were his guard. These people do cate roots, hcij),, leaiies, dogs, cat*, r.its, serpents, and snake- ; they nfii-e ahiiosi nothing. When the kiii; rideih abroad, he rideth with a great g\i.ir(l,and m.iiiy iinblemen, oftentimes vpon an ele|)!';iii with a fnie la-tle vpon him \crv fairelv gilded with gold; andsdmetimes vpon a great I'raiiu' like an horsliter, whii h hath a litile house vpon it coiiered oner head, but open on the >.iilc.. which is all gilded with golde, i*^ set with many ruhiis \- s.iphires, whereol he hath inliniie Ti;. minfrof Store ill his country, and is caried vpon sixteene or eighteene mens shoulders. This cnacii ""'IT'" """'. '" thvir language is called Serridii \'erv ureat feasting and triunwihing is many times hcfiiro in ivtu, and en ihc kuig l)olh ol inen and womcii. This king liaih liitle force by sea, because he hath imi vers few ships. He hath houses full of golde .iiid siluer, and bringeth in often, but -pciuhili very little, and hath the mines of rubies and saphires, and spineiles. Neere vnt > the p.d:i(f of the king, there is a treasure woonderfull riih ; the which because it is so neere, he ddili not account of it : and it standeth open for all men to see in a great walled court with two imIcs which be alwaycs open. There are foure houses gilded very richlv, and coiiered with leacli-; in cuery one of them arc I'agfidos i r Images of huge stature and great value. In the lirsi :. the j)icture of a king in golde with a crowiie of golde on his head full of gieat rubies and s.i- phires, and about him there stand foure children of golde. In the second house is the piriiiic i'f a man in sihicr woonderfull great, as high as an house; his foot is as lonj; as a nuin, and he riouda. M. Ralph Fitch. when hr is washed et in a ".iliier l):\sin : of any \)lac-kf clc- U,Tcat, and sniiic l)e (hniisaiul clcphaiiti \\ a vrry large pincp '"II, huililcd \\ilh a iinlsnu-n, which jio to be taken. And n : aiul they >ay thai ? wihl elephant dull hant neerc vnio ilif come (Hit and cau-c and the nhc and he nit. Afterward they rpeth and iTirih, ;iiul of ihcm iloc hreke irpe lanfs. & rau-e ; and abv i I h* li'ci, and thci shey iirin.; iftli taiic. 'Iheihiilc cri tlicv Hci a frame 111 .i\e men, wliieh li^lii sav that iheir skiiu-n e|)l it be in <*()mp ici.- )l very badly in tlifin. itaie : when he "iltcili mines "-it on cch »idi', U \crv pre.it. If aiiv lands ti> his head, :ii:il iddlc wa>. and wlici with the kiin;: if llr if he thinke not wtil strcin<;. At my i)eiiii; ou'>anil men, ami luit e d(i eate roots, herb*, iiig. When the kuii; nies vpon an e'i'i)!'.;>iii es vpon a great frame lilt open on the -iih-*, reol he hath iiiliniit houlders. Thi'* ro.ifli is many time-' hrlorc bee he hath hiil II often, but ^pendrlli Ntere vnt > the palace t is so neerc, he doili 1 court with two Slates id coiiercd with leade; value. In the liisi :» f fjieat rubies and '.i- nd house is the piduie long as a man, and lie M. Ralph Fitch. TIIAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. .193 istnadcsiltinR, with a crowne on his head very rich withHtoncs. Fn the third hoiinc Ih ihe picture of a man greater then the other, made of brasse, with a rich crownc on hiN head. In the fourth and last Itniisc doth stand another, made of brasse, greater then the other, with a crowne also on his head very rich with stones. In another court not farrc from this stand fourc other Pagodes or idolcs, maruelloiis great, of copper, made in the same place where they Ao stand ; for they be so great that they be not to be remoucd : they stand in fourc houses gilded very fairc, and are themseiues gilded all ouersaue their heads, and they shew like a i)lacke Morian. Their ex|ienccs in gihiing of their images arc wonderful!. The king hath one wife and aboue three hundred concubines, by which Ihcy say he hath fourescorc or fourescore and ten children. lie sitteth in iudgemcnt almost eiiery tlay. They vsc no speech, but giiie vp their supplications written in the Icaues of a tree with the point of an yron bigger then a bod- Vxftmf iiu kin. These leaucs arc an ellc long, and about two inches broad ; they are also double, n^, '"«• "f • "« which giiieth ill his supplication, doth stand in a place a little distance otT with a present. If his matter be liked of, the king acccpteth of his present, and grantcth hi.s request: if his sute be not liked of, he relurneth with his present; for the king will not take it. In India there are few commodities which serue for Pegu, except Opium of Cambaia, i)aint- ed doih of .S. Thome, or of Masiilipatan, and white cloth of Uengala, which is spent there in great <|uantity. They bring thither also much cotton, yarnc red coloured with a root which Antitciifmio- they call Saia, which will neuer lose his colour : it is very wel soldo here, and very much of cX7iaii! '"" it lomineth verely to Pegu. IJy your money von lose much. The ships which come from Uengala, S Thome, and Ma>^ulipatan, come to the bar of Nigrais and to ('osmin. To MarM> uan a port of the sea in the kingdome of Pegu come many ships from Malacca laden with Sandall, Porcelanc^, and other wares id' China, and with Cimphora of Borneo, and Pepper from Acheii in Sumatra. To t'irion a port of Pegu come ships from Mecca with woollen cloth, w'o«iicn dmh Scarlets, Veliiet«, Opium, and such like. There are in Pcsju eight IJrokers, whom they call "".j""!"' Tareghe, which are bound to sell your r.oods at the price which thev be woorth, and you glue them for their lalmur two in the hundred : and they be bound to make vour debt gocul, be- cause von sell your marchandises vpon their word. If the Hroker pay you not at his day, vou may take him home, and keepe him in your house: which is a great shame for him And if he jiav you not presently, \ou may take his wife and children and his sialics, and bindc them at voiirdoore, and set them in thcSunne; for that is the law of the countrev. Their current Thtmunfyof money in these parts is a kinde of brasse which they call Ciansa, wherewith you may buy golde, ''''"" mIuit, rubies, inuske, and all other thini;s. The golde and siluer is marchandisc, and is worth vimieliines more, and sometimes lesse, as other wares be. This bra/.en money doeth goe by .1 weight which thev call a bi/.i; and commonly this bi/.a after our account is worth about halfe '^' """all a crowne or somewhat lesse. 'I'he marchandisc which be in Pegu, arc golde, iiiliier, rubies, i"gli.'" "" ° ■•apliires, sjiinelles, niiiskc, bcniamin or frankincense, long prpper, linnc, leade, copj)er, lacca whereof thev make hard waxe, rice, and wine made id' rice, and some sugar. The elephants doe eate the sii^.ir i anes, or els they would make very much. And thev consume many canes likewise in making of their \arellaes or Idole Temi)les, which are in great num- her both great and small. They lie made rouiul like a su;>,ar loafe, some arc as hii^h as a Cliiirch, very broad beneath, some a quarter id' a mile in compassc : within thev be all earth done alioiii wiili stone. 'I'hey consume in these X'arcllaes great quantity of golile; for that tlie\ he all gilded aloft: and many rKi li ' 3*H VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS. M. Ralph Filch. The npfircll of thiii f iicili. Ohitnmion of lamatirv fiuc & KtirnfV Nt'llh" r<*i*.ir t from nre full of imageN both of men nnd womrn, which air nil gilded nuer with goldc. It in the raircKt place a« 1 suppojie, that in in ihr world : it Ntandolh very hinK and there are I'oiire w;iye» to it, which all along arc set with trce^ oC rrtiit^, in rikIi wixc that a man may fioe in the ithii(«lonie of |'r;.|f thither at their feast. In Pegu they hatie m:niy T.illipoic'* or priestn, which preach auainsi ill abuse*. Many men resort v nto thcni. \\ hen they enter into their kiack, that in to «av, their holy place «)r temple, at the doorc there i" a j;icat iarre of »\aicr with a < ocke or a ladle in it, ami there they wash their feet : and then the/ enter in, and lilt vp their hands to their IhmiI^, firnt to their preacher.andthento the Sunne, and sositdowne. The Tallipoiesuo very straiiui-ly apparelled with one cambalinc or thinnc cloth next to their body of a lirowiie colour, aimilicr of yellow doubled niaiiv liniCH vpon their shonlder: and ihono two be girded to them wiili .i broad girdle : and tliey (lauc a nknuie of leather hanuinR on a string about their nerkM, where- upon thev sit, bare headed & bare footed; for iidnc of them wearetli sIkics; with their riyht amies bare and a j^reat broad wimbrero or shadow in tiieir liaiuls to defend ilicin in the Sum- mer froni the Sunne, and in the Winter from the raine. When the fallipoies or priests ijikc their Orders, (irst thev go to schoole vnlill they l)e twenty veres olde t > them wnh a ladder of tweiue or foureteene staues. Their houses be for the most p^irt by the hie w.ives side, and amoni; the trees*, and in the woods. .And they fjo with a great pot made of w.uil or fine earth, and rouered, tieil with a broad ginlle vpon their shoulder, which comefh viidcr their arme, wherewith they go to bci.;'? their victuals whicli they i-ate, which is riee, li»li, and herbs. Thev demand nothing but come to the doore, and tlie people presently duo i;iiii' them, some one thing, and some another: ami they put all together in tlieir p itle: for tiir^ say they must eatc of their almes, and iherewith content fheniselues. 'fliey keepe their re,M« by the Moone: and when it is new Mnone thev keepe their greatest fe.ist : and then llie|ie— pie send rice and other things to that kiack or church of wliieh they be; and there all ilic Tallipniea doe meete which be of that Church, and eate the victuals which are sent them. When the Tallipoics do preach, many of the jicople cary them gifts into the pulpit wherr they sit and preach. And there is one whii h siticlh bv them to fake that which the peo|il. bring It is diiiided among them. They haue none other ceremonies nor seriiicc that I < oiild see, but onelv preaching. I went from Pegu to lamahey, which is in the countrev of the I,angeianiies, whom we mil langomcs ; it is fine and twenty dayes iournev Northeast from Pegu. In whi( h ioiirnev 1 passed many fruitfull and pleasant countrcys. The countrev is verv lowe, and hath in:ni\ fairc riucrn. The houses arc verv bad, maile of canes, and coucrcii with straw. Ilecre are man) wildc buflfes and cle|)hants. lamahcv is a verv faireand great towiie, with faire Iioim- of stone, well peopled, the streets arc very large, the men very well set and strong, wiiti .i cloth about them, bare headed and barefooted: for in all these countrev s they weare nn shoocs. The women be much fairer then those of Pegu. Ileere in all these countrcys ihe\ haue no wheat. They make some cakes of rice. Hither to lamahev come many inarchmts out of China, and brnig great store of niuske, goldc, tiiluer, and many other things of China worke. Here is great store id" victuals: tliev haue such plenty that thev will not inilkc the bullies, as they doc in all other jilaccs Here is great store of copper and beniamin. In these countrev > M. Ralph Fitch. M. Halph Filch. TnAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Sttb couiurcy* when ihe people bo xickc they make a vow eo olTi-r meal viUo llicdiucll, if tliey rurapc: and whrii thry luf rei'oueretl they make a biinkct with many pi|>eM U (Irummeii and nther iniirumcnts nnil • n^ all the iiiKhl, and their frieiidi come and bring n\(u, cnros, llffliCi*, arrrcupN, and othn- niiH, and with Kfcnt dauncin^ and rcioycing they oiler to the iliiicll, and Kiiy, thry utm ii c diuci tu eat, and dritic him out. When they be dancing and pliiyin)( they will cry & hallow very loud ; and in thitt Hort they nay they driuo him away. And when they be Hiike a Tnilipoy or two euery ni^ht doth »it by them tk iting, to pleartc the diucll thni he xhduld not hurt them. And if any die he it caricd vpon a (iTcU frame nuide like a iDWi-r, with a (diicrin .; nil gilded with K<>lil^' made of caneit curicd with I'uurcteene or itixiei-ne men, with drninnicN and |iipe!t and other iiisiriimenlx plnyinf; before him to a place out of the towne and there in burned, lie is nccompaiiird with all hiit frieiKU and ueighboiir-i, all men: and (hoy Kiue to the lallipoicN or prie»ls many malt nnJ cloth: and tiicn they relume 'n the hiiiisc and there make a feait for two dayex : and then the wife with all the neixhbinir* wiuet & her friends k" to the place where he was burned, and there they sit a certaine time and (TV nnd leather the piece* of bones which be left vnburned and bury them, and then relurne to their liouses an.l make an end of all mnurnin;;. And the men and women which be neere of kin do shaue their heads, which they do not vitc except it be fur the death of a friend: for tliev much esleemc of their haire. C'aplan is the |>lace where they linde the rubies, laphires, nnd spinellcs : it vtandelh sixe dayes iournev from Ana in the kiii({domc of I'ej;u. There are many jjreat hinh hille.s out of which they di){i;e them. None may ro to the pin but onely ihiwe which di);f;e them. In Pef(u, and in all the counlreysof Aua, I.anj^eiaiines, Siam, and the HramaM, the men weare btinches or lilllc round li.iileN in their priuy menil>ers: xome of them weare two and some three. Tliry cut the skin and so put them in, one into one ttide and another into the other side; which ihcy do when thev be 'ij or '.iO yeeres olde, and at their pleasure they take one or more of tlicm out as they thinkc )((»kI, When they be mnried the husband is for euery child which his wife hath, to put in one vnlill he come to three and then no more: for ihey s;iv the women doe desire them. They were inuenicd becaune they should not abuse the male sexe. Kor in limes past all those countries were so giuen to that \illany, that they were vcrv scirseol people. It was also ordained that the women should not haue past (liree cubits III' cloth in their nether clothes, which thev binde about them ; which are so htraii, th:it when ihev jjo in the oircets, they shew one side of the U'j( bare aboue the knee. The bunches :ir()rcsayd he of diners sorts: the least be as bi^ as a litlc walnut, and verv round: the t;rratest are as big as a liile hcnnes ej;i;e : unnc are of brasxe and dome of sillier; but those of siluer be for the kin;; and his noble men. These are gilded and made with great cun- ning, and rinu; like :t liilc bi'll. There are some made of Icade, which they call Selwy be- r.ins.' ihey ring but liile: and liu-se l>e of lesser price for the poorer sort. The king some- limes takelh his out, and giuelh them to his noblemen .is a i;reat gift : and because he hath vseil ihem, thev <'stcenie ilicm greatly, 'fhev will put one in, and hcale vp the |)lace in seiif n or eiglii iIun es. The I'ranias which lie of the kings counlrev ( for liie king is a Ilrama) haue llieir legs or bellies, or some part which they luiiie : lluv vse to pricke the skinne, and to put on il a kinilc of anile or hiac king, whici) doll) continue alwaves And this is counted an honour among tliein : hut none ina\ haue if but the Dramas which are of the kings kinrid. These people weare no beard« . ihev pull out tiie haire on their faces with little pinsons made for that purpose. Some of them will let iti or 20 liaires grow together, some in one place of his face and some in another, and pnlleih out all the rest: lor he carielh his pinson« alwaves with him to pull the liaires out as»oone as tliev appeare. If they sec a man with a l)e;n(l lliey wonder at him. Thev lianc llieir leelli hl.uked liolli men and women, for they say a dogi-e hath his Icelh white, therefore thev will blackc ihiir-i. The l'egue> if they liane a sole in the law wnit li i^ - 1 (li'iibiriill ihal ttiey cannot well deter- mine it, put two long canes into the w.iier where il i vei\ decpc ' and both the parties go i; e 'i into Tlipjr hurnf tlu'ir dcij* CrfitUii II ihr yUtt vthrrr th« rtibiriunrf »thrr )>r«ciuu^^"V 3% Malacca. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Ralph Fitch. Thr wiVSgc to F.)|;1h hundred thousjnJ Liusa- d<<«s 111 liKicnm' j'luvcd ycrrlv bv tlic- i'.iitu- £ih 111 Lhii.d. Thf wiiimg .flt,f|-u,lc •f f'r.ini tit, l.alan. DiJin.ililii. Itmbi. OuMr Bitca. Hf retiinifth into the water by the poles, and there sit men to iiulse, and they both do dine vndcr the water, and he which rcniaineth longest vnder the wafer doth winne tlic siitc. The 10 of lanuarv I went from IVgu to Malacca, passing by many of tlie ports of Pegu, asMartauan, the Hand of Taui, Trom whence conuneth great store of tinnc which seriicth all India, the Hands of Tanaseri, lunsal.ioii, and many others ; and so came to Malacca the S of Fcbrnary, where the IVirtngals hano a castle which standeth nerc the sea. And the ((luiitrcv fast without the towne belongeth lo the Malayos, which is a kindc of proud people, i'licv go naked with a cloth about ilicir middle, and a lille roll of cloth about their heads. IIiiIut come many shijjs from China \' from the Malucos, Banda. Timor, and from many other liainis of the lauas, which briim great sli're of spices and drugs, and diamants and other iewels. Iho voyages into many of these Hands belong xnto the captaiue of Malacca: so that none inav goe thither without his licence: which yeeld him great smnmes of money cuery yeere. The i'ortugais heere haue often times wari-es with the king of A( hem which slandeth in the lint^il of Sumatra : from wlieiice comnieth great store of ])eppcr and oilier spices euery yeerc to Pegu and Mecca within the Hed sea, and other places. When ihe Portugals go from Macao in China to lapan, they carry much while silke, gnMc, miiske, and porcelanes : and they bring from thence nothing butsiluer. I'hey haue a i;r(;it earacke which goeih thither euerv yere, and s!ie bringelh from thence euerv yereaboue >i.\c hundred thousand crus.idoes: and ail this .>i!uer of lapan, and two hundred th(>u.sand cru»a- does more in sihier which thev bring \ecrely out of India, they imploy to their great .iihiaii- tage in China : and tiiey bring from tlicn( e golde, mu>.ke, silke, eop|)er, p(>r( clanes, and ni.iiiv other things very costly and gilded. When the Portugals ccme to Canton in Ciiina to irallikc. they must reniaine there but certaine dayes: and when they ((nne in at the gale ol liie ciiv. thev must enter their names in a booke, and when they goe out at ni^ht lliey nuist \i\t\ out their names. Thev ni;iv not lie in the towne .ill night, but musi lie in llicir b. .its witiuiui the towne. And their daves being expired, if any man rem;iiiie ther;-, lliey are cuill \»cJ :ind imprisoned. The Chinians arc very siis|)itiiius, and doe not trust ^Iruigcrs. it is tlioii^lii that the king doth not know that any strangers come into his counliev. And further it n iredibiv reported that the common people see their kirg \erv seldome or not at all, nor in.i\ not looke vp to that place where he sitlctli. And when he ridelh abroad he is < aried vpoii .; great chaire or serrion gildeil \crv l.iire, wherein there is made a little house with a l:ili»c t i looke out at: so that he mav see them, but they may not looke vp at him : and ail the tmu- that he passeth by them, the\ lieaue \p their hands to their heads, iV lav their l)e:uls on t!u' ground, and looke not vp vnlill he be passed. fiie order of China is when thev mouriir, that lliev w'care white thread -hoes, and JKits of >iraw. The nian doth moiirne for Ins wile tmi yeeres, the wife for her hiisl\-nid three \ ceres; i!)e sonne for his father a vecre, and for lirs mother two ycres. And all the time which thev mourne they kecpe the dead in the h(iu*e, the bowels being taken out and lilied with chownam or lime, and coilincd : and when ihf time is expired thev carry them out pl.iying and piping, and luirne them. And when tlicv returne thev pull oil' their mourning weeiU, :ui(l niarrv .ii their pleasure. A man mav kei pc as many concubines as he will, but one \%ife onelv. .Ml the Chineans, l,i[)onians, and Cam hiti Chineans do write right downwards, am. they do write with a line pensiil made of dogs nr cats haire. I.aban is an Hand among the lauas from \Nheiue come the diamants of the New water. .\iul they lirule them in the riuers : for the king will not sutler them to dig-.^e the roc ke. lamba is an Hand among the lauas also, from whence come iliamanls. And the king liiitii a masse of earth which is golde ; it groweih in the middle of a riucr : and when the king doth lac ke gold, they cut part of the earth and melt it, whereof coinmelh golde. This m.is>e of e:irth dotli appcare but once in a yere ; which is when the water is low : and this is in tlie nioneth of April. Biina is another H.ind among the lauas, where the wonien trauell and labour as our men do in Knglaii'i. and the men kee|)e house aiul go where tlun' will. Tiie 2'.l of March IribiS, I returned from .Malacca to Slartauan, and so to Pegu, where 1 rcntaiiied M. Rdlpli Fitch. th do tUuc viulcr flic sutc. nf the ports of Pcijti. line whicli serueth ;ill le to Malarra the S »il ■a. And tlie cmiiilrcv jiroud people. Tlicv il their heads, lliihri- roMi many otlier li:in(is and other iewels. llio •ca : so tliat none inav iicv eiiery yeerc. Tlie (i standelh in the ll.ii.il spices euery yeere lo ueli white silko, jinlili-, !r. They h.iiie a iin ;ii encrv yere aboue ;.ixc indred th(>usand eriivi- IV to their i;real achiaii- •, p(>rc'elanes, and nmiiv ton in Cniiia to Irallikc, at the j;:ite ol llic cilv, I'^lit the\ must jint oui ' in their 1)' .its withmii •re, ihev are enill \~i\l tranjriT-;. It is thcuu'ii lev. And tnriher ii i- e or not at all, nor iii.i\ id he is caried \piiii .; e iwnise with a l;ni»e i i him : and all the tiim- lav their heads on tlu' is when tiiey nioiinio, nonrne for Ins wile in- r a veere, and lir lii- tlie dead in the Iimiim-, otVined : and wlu n tlu- lem. Anil when tli(\ re. A man mav keipc .iponians, and CaiK liiii nsill made of dojjs or if the New water. Ami ;e the rot ke. <. And the kini; li:iili ; and when the km;; [•ill ^otde. This nias-e low : and this is in the 1 lalidur as our men do d so to I'cgii, where I remained .1/. Ralph Filch. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 397 remained the second tiinc vntill the 17 of September, and then I went to Cosmin, and there tookeshippinj; ; and pa.<(sin<; many danjjers by reason of contrary windes, it plca.scd God that we arritied in Hen^jala in N,)nember following; : where 1 stayed for want of passn<;c vntill the B(iie>1<. third of February 15H9, and then I shipped my selfe for Cochin. In which voyage we en- dured great extremity for lacke of fresh wafer: for the weather was extreme hote, and we were many marchants and passenjjers, and ive had very many calmes, and hole weather. Yet It pleased (JcmI that we arriued in Ceylon the sixth of March, where we stayed fine dayes to Crybn. water, and to furnish our selues with other iieces.sary prouision. This Ceylon is a braue Hand, very fruitl'iill iV faire; but by reason of continiiall warres with the kinji thereof, all things are verv deare : for he will not sutler any thinj; to be brouf^ht to the castle where the I*ortu,i;als be: wherefore often times thev liaiie great want of victuals. Their prouision of victuals commeth out of IJengala euery yere. The king is called Haia, and is of great force: for he eommeth to Columbo, which is the pi ice where the Portugals haue their fort, with an hundred thousand men, and many elephants. But they be naked people all of them ; yet manv of them be ^ood with their pieces which be muskets. When the king talketh with any man, he Ktandeth \pon one legie, and setteth the other foot vpon his knee with his sword in his hand: it is not their order for the king to sit but to stand. His appareil is a line painted cloth made of cotton wdoll ab(nit his middle: his hairc is long and bound vp with a little fine cloth about his head: all the rest of his body is naked. His guard area thou.sand men, which stand round about him, and he in the middle; and when he marcheth, manv of them goe before him, and the rest come after h.im. They are of the race of the Chingalayes, which they say arc the best kinde of all the Malabars. Their eares are very large ; for the greater they are, the more hoii<)ur:d)le thev are accounted. Some of them are a spanne long. The wood which they burne is (iiiamoin wood, and it smelleth very sweet. There is great store of rubies, saphircs, :iiid spiiu'lics in this Hand: the liest kinde of all be here ; but the king will not suffer the inhidiit.Uiis to diggc lor them, lest his eiieinie« should know of them, and make warres against him, and >o driue him out of his counlrev for them. They haue no horses in all the coun- irey. The elephants be not so great as those of Pegu, which be monstrous huge : but they sav all other elephants do feare them, and none dare fight with them, though they be very small, 'flieir women haue a doth bound about them from their middle to their knee : and all the rest is bare. All of them be blacke and but little, both men and women. Their Bbdir ptorif. houses are very little, maile of the branches of the palmer or coco-tree, and couercd with the leaues of the same tree. The eleuenth of March we sa. ?d from Cevlon and so doubled the cape of Comori. Not C'v' Jr cvnn«i. I'.ir from tliciue, bciwcene Cevlon and the maiiic land of Ncgapatan, they fish for pearles. And there is lished eucrv \ ere very much; which doth serue all India, Cambaia, and Ben- i;,i!a. it is not so orient as the pearleof Ibh:irlni in the gulfe of Persia. Prom rape de Comori we passed by ('(>ulam, which is a I'ort of the Portugals: from whence commeth great store of ''<'"'■""■ ])cp|ier, which commeth for Portugall : for oftentimes there ladeth one of the caracks of I'or- tiigall. 'fhus passing the coast we arriued in Cochin the U2 of March, where we found the Cochin. weather warme, but scarsiiv ofviituals: for here groweth neither come nor rice: and the gre:ilest |)art comnuili from Bcngala. Thev haue here very bad water, for the riuer is farre oil'. This bad water causeth many (d' the people to be like lepers, and manv of tliem haue ■'"i''' ""'' their legs swollen as bigge as a man in the waste, & many of them are scant able to go. fhese Muiu' "nr'ui* |)C(iple here be Mal:d)ars, and of the race ■'''''• "">B''"- from the other Malabars. These haue their lieails \ery full of haire, and bound vp with a string: and there doth appe:ire .i bush without the band wherewith it is bound. The men he tall and strong, and good archers with a long bow and a long arrow, which is their best weapon: vet there be some cahuers among them, but thev handle them badly. lleere groweth the pepper ; and it springeth vp by a tree or a pole, and is like our iuv i!.'» perptt herry, but something longer like the wheat care : and at the first the bunches are greene, f'"""'^ and ;is they waxe ripe thev cut them off and dry them. The leafe is much lesser then the iuv 1 cafe and thinner. All the inhabitants here haue very little houses couered with the leaues of the 3 mi '•%Wif I *r,i'm. 1 'I il'j S98 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, i»/. Rali>h Fitcl,. Ormi]». the coco-trces. The men he of a reasonable stature; the vromen little; all blacke, with ;i cloth bound about their middle hanging downe to their hammcs ; all the rest of their bociir, he naked : they hauc horrible great cares with many rings set with pearles and stonrs in them. The king gocth incached, as they do all ; he doth not reinaine in a place aboiic line or sixe dayes : he hath many houses, but they be but litle: his guard is but small; he rc- moouetli from one house to another according to their order. All the pepper of Calicut ami course cinamom growclh here in this countrey. The best cinamom doth come from Cexlon, and is pilled from line voong trees. Here arc very many palmer or coco trees, which is ilu'ir chiefe food: for it is their meat and drinke: and yceldeth many other necessary things, as | hauc declared before. lOi rjiicm.or The Naires which be viidor the king of || Samorin, which be Malabars, hauc alwavc< w.ir> Caiiinct. ^^.|||^ |],^ Portugals. The kiig hath alwa\es peace with them ; but his people goc lo the sci to robbc iV stcalc. Their chiefe capiaiiic is called Cogi Alii ; he hath three castles viuler liim When tlie I'orliigals roniplaine to the king, he savlli he doth not .send ihcm out: blithe ronsenlclh that they go. They range all the coast from Ceylon to Goa, and go bv foiirc rr fine p:iro\vcs or boats together; and hane in euery one of fhcin (ifiv or threescore men, nml hoord i>rescntly. They do nuich harme on that coast, and take euerv ycre manv f.is ami brals of the Porlugals. Main of thest- jieople be Nfoorcs. This kings countrev beuiniicih fweliic leagues from Cochin, and reacheih necrc viifo (in.i. I rcmnincd in Coc hin vntill tLr second of NoiicmluT, which was eight nioneths ; for that lliere was no passage that went a\\;r, in ail that lime: if I had come two dayes sooner I had found a passage |)rcsenllv. I'mn'i Cochin 1 went to Goa, where I remained three daves. From Cochin to (ina is an hiuulrii! leagues, i'roin (Joa I went to ("haul, which is threescore leagues, where I remained ihrct- ;u!il twenty disyes : aiul there m.iking my prcniision of things necessary lor the shippe, from ilum, 1 departed toOrmiis ; where I slaved for a passage to Halsara lilty da\es. I'rom Goa foOinn.. is foure hundred leagues. Here 1 llinught go'd, before 1 make an end of this mv booke, to declare some things wlmi! India and the coiuitrcv farther I'^istward do bring forth. The pepper growith in ir.anv part-* of Itulia, especirtlly about Corliin ; and mu in the fields anintiL; the l>u-.hes without anv labour; anl is wood \cry sweet \- in great request among tlu- Indians; fcir ilir\ grindc it witli a litle water, and anoynt tlieir bodies therewith: it romnieih from the Me ( f rinu)r. Caniphori is a prc( ions thing anuing the Indiiuis, and is solde dearer then "<'li!('. I ihinke none of it commclh lor Christendome. rh;it which is compounded commeili livm ('iiin;i; but thai which groweth in canes and is the best, conuneth irom the great Me of IJorneo. l.igiiuni .Moes commelh from Cauchiiuhina. The bpni;imm commeth out of the countrevs of Siam and langomes. Tlie long pipper groweth in Hi-u -ala, in Pegu, and in the Hands of the lauas. The inu-ke commeth out id' Tariarie, and is made after this order, hv report of the in:ii- (hants which brinj; it to Pegu to sell; In 'fartarie there is a litile beast like viito a yon.; r: c, which they take in snares, and beat him todcath with the blood: alter that they cut out the hones, and Thp[vp[>fr Irrr. Oirrrr. C!i)UP!, L.rrfliora. Long pt'pjier. .\!iilkc. Mum M. Ralph Filch. lula: the tree i« like M. Ralph Filch. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 399 aiu! beat the flesh with the blood very small, and fill the skin with it: and hereof commeth the miiske. Of the amber they holde diucrs opinions; but most men say it commeth out of the sea, and that they finde it vpon the shores side. The rubies, snphifes, and spinellcs are found in Pegu. The diamants are found in diuers places, as in Bisnagar, in Agra, in Delli, and in the Ilantls of the laiias. The best pearlc-t come from the Hand of Baharim in the Persian sea, the woorser from the Piscaria nccrc the Isle of Ceylon, and from Ay nam a great Hand on the Southcrmost coast of China. .Spodiinn and manv other kindes of drugs come from Cambaia. Nnw til rt'lurnp to my vo\age; from Ormus I went to Balsara or Basora, and from Basora lo Hibvlon: and we passed the most part of the way by the strength of men by hailing the boat v|) ihf riucr with a long cord. From Babylon I came by land to Mosul, which standeth nere to Niniiic, which is all ruinated and deslroyeil: it standeth fast by the riuer of Tigris. From .Mosul I went to Nferdin, which is in the countrey of the Armenians; but now there dwell in tli.Tt place a people which thev call Cordies, or Curdi. From Merdin I went to Orfa, whit li is a very faire towne, and it hath a goodly fouiitainc full of fish; where the Moorcs hold many great ceremonies and opinions concerning Abraham: for they say he did once dwell there. From tluMW c I went to Bir, & so jjassed the riucr of Euphrates. From Bir I went to .\!e|>j)o, wiiere I stavetl ccrtaine moneths for company; and then 1 went to Tripolis; where (iiiding Knglish shipping, I came witii a prosperous voyage to London, where b)- Ciuds assist.n\re 1 safely arriued the lil) of April l.'i'JI, hauing bene eight yeercs out of my natiiie countrey. The rejxirt of I.)hn Ilnighen van Linschoten conrerniiig ^^. Xewbcries and M. Filches iiuprisoiunent, and of their escape, which happened while he was in (joa. IN the moneth of December, Anno IM3, there arriued in the fownc and Hand of Ormus foiire Ijiglisli men, which came from Ale|)po in the countrev f)f Syria, hauing sailed out of I'li'^hinJ. & passed thorow the straights of Gibraltar to Tripoli a towne and hauen lying on the coa*! of .Svri.i, where all the ships ''ischarge their ware;! & marchandises, & from thence .irc dried by land Mito Aleppo, whici. is nine daves iournev. In Aleppo there are resident iliticr^ niarchaiUs tV factours of all nations, as Italians, Frencli men, English men, Arn)e- Mi:m-i, Turks and Moores, euery man hauing his religion apart, paying tribute vnfo the i;reat Turke. In that towne there is great trafliciuc, for that from thence euery yecre twise, there iraucl! two {'all'vls, that is, cimipanies of people and camcN, which trauell vnfo India, Persia, ,\rabia, and ail the cnuntreys bordering on the same, and deale in all sorts of mar- (liandise. both to and from those countrcys, as I in another place haiie already declared. Three of the s:iyd English men aforesavd, were sent bv the company of English men that arc resilient in Alejipo, lo see if in Ormus thev might keepe aiiv factours, and so tradique in that place, like as also the Italians do, that is to sav, the Venetians which in Ormus, Goa, and .Malacca haiie their factours, and traftiquc there, aswell for stones and pcarles, as for other wares and spices of those countreves, which from thence are caricd ouer land into Venice. One of these English men had bei-.e once before in the sayd towne of Ormus, and there had taken good information of the trade, and v|)on his adiiisc and aduertisoment, the (ilher were as then come thither with him, bringing great store of m-ircliandises ^sith them, as Clothes, SatVron, all kindes of drinking glasses, and Haberdashers wares, as looking glasses, kniiics, and such like stud'e: and to conclude, brought with them all kindc of small wares that may be deuised. And although those wares amounted vnto great summcs of money, notwithstanding it was but onely a shadow or colour, thereby to giue no occasion to he mistrusted, or seen into : for that their principall intent was to buv great quantities of precious stones, as Diamants, I'rarlcs, Rubies, &c. to the which end they brought with them Amber. Rubies, sap]iire5 3rid spinels. Didmants. Spodium. Dast>ra. Bab)'Ion. Mosul. Mcrtlin. Otft. Bir. Aleppo. 'I'lipulia. (iibii NcwS rr liad heciie iik Onmis before. Aiuio. 1581. u;. i % I'il'j''- 111 ri'4 ' f If -' ! If' i 1 :.» i. i Ml- i: . :1 ■.':,'*^i:4lii| 400 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. M. Ralph Filch. them a great summc of money and golcle, and that very secretly, not to be deceined or robbed thereof, or to runnc into any danger for the same. They being thus arriued in Ormus, hired a shoppe, and beganne to sell their wares : which the Italians percciiiin>r, whose factours continue there ( as I sayd before ) and fearing that those English men find- ing good vent for their commodities in that place, would be resident therein, and so dayly increase, which would be no small losse and hinderance vnio them, did presently inucnt ail the subtile meancs they could to hinder them : and to that end they went vnto the Cap- taine of Ormus, as then called Don Gonsalo dc Meneses, telling him that there were ccr- taine English men come into Ormus, that were sent oncly to spie the coiintrcy ; and savd further, that they were hcretikes : and therefore they sayd it was conuenient ihcy shnukl ikh be sud'ered so to depart, without being examined, and punished as enemies, to the o.\aitii)lf of others. The Captaine being a friend vnto the English men, by reason that one of ilicm which had bene there before, had giuen him ccrtaine presents, would not be pcrswadcd to trouble them, Init shipped them with all their wares in a shippc that was to saile for Gon, and sent ihcm to the Viceroy, that he might examine and trie them, as he thought "wA wl-.cre when they were arriued, they were cast into prison, and first examined whether tliev X'icrc good Christians or no : and because they could speake I ut badde I'orlupall, onelv twli of them spake good Dutch, as hauing bene ccrtaine ycres in the Low cduntreves, and tluTc trafTikeil, there was a Dutch lesuile born in the towne of Hrugcs in Flander;, that hid hcnc resident in the Indies for the spare of thirty vers, sent vnto them, to \eulcrmine and ex- amine them: wherein they behaued themseiues so well, that they were holdcn and esu'ciiicii for good and Catholicke Christians: vet st.ll suspected, because thev were stranger-^, and specially English men. The lesuites still tolde tliem that they should be >ent prisoners inio Portugall, wi-liing tlicm to leaue ofl' their trade of marchandise, and !■> beci'Uie lc,-uiles, i)ri - mining tlieni lliereby to defend them from all trouble. Tite cause why tiu"v s.ivd so, and pd. swadcd them in that earnC'^t nianer, wns, fur that the Dutch lesuite had secrcilv bene adiurtivcil of great sumnics of money which they had about them, and sought to gel the same intd ihcir fingers, for lliat tlie lirhi|) they could dcuise, and all to winne the rest, to be a prav for them: Inil llie other three continued still in pri-on, being in great feare, because thev \niler^tood no ni:\n iIkit came to tliem, nor any man almost knew what thev sayd; till in the end it was lolde llieni thai ccrtaine Diiteli men dwelt in the .\rc! bishops house, and counsell niuen lliein to send \iit.p them, whereat they nuiih reio\(ed, and sent to me and an other Dutch man, ilesiiin^ vs once to come and speake with them, whii h wc nresenily did, aiul lhe\ with leares in their ryes made complaint vnto vs of tiieir hard vsa^e, shewing \s from jinint to point (a-i it i^ sayd before) why they were come into the countrey, wiihall desiring vs for(iods t.inse, il we might by any meancs, to hel|)e them, that thev might be set at liberty v pon surelic'^, being ready to endure what iusiiic should ordaiue ibr them, saving, that if it were found contnry, and that ihey were other then ir.iuelling niarchanis, and sought to linde out I'ur- ther l)enelit by their wares, they W(aild be conlent to be punished. Wirh th:it we de- parted from them, prontising them to do our best: and in the end we obtained so much nf the tf^"'^- M. Ralph Filch. TRAFFIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES. 401 the Arclibishdp, tlint lie went viiio the Viceroy to deliuer our petition, and perswaded him so well, th:it he was content to set them at libertie, and that their j!;oods should be deliiiered vnto tliem asjainc, vpon condition they should |iuf in sureties for two thousand panlawes, not to depart the couiitrev before other order should be taken with them. Thereuixm thev pre-enlly found a Citizen of the towne that was their surety for two thousand pardawcs, to whom thev jiayed in hand one thousand and three hundred pardawes, and l)c(■au^;e they sayd tliev had no more re;»lv money, he j;ane them credit, seeing; what store of niarchandise they li:i(l, whercbv at all limes if need were, he minht l)c satisfied: and by that meanes they were dcliuered out of prison, and hired themselues an house, and bcganne to set o|)en shoppe: so that thev vttered much ware, and were presently well knowen ainonj; all the inarchant^, because thev alwaves respected j;cntlenien, specially such as bou!;ht their wares, shewing jjrcat courtesie and honour vnto them, whereby they woon much credit, and were bcloued of all men, so that euery man fauoured them, and was willing; to doe them plea- sure. To vs thev shewed jrreat friendship, for whose sake the .\rchbi^ho]) fauoured them miiih, and shewed them verv ucod countenance, which they knew well how to increase, by oflerin;; him manv presents, allhoujjh he would not receiue thtm, neither woidd euer take (jift or prcent at anv mans hands. Likewise thev bchaued themselues so discreetly that no man caricd an cuill eve, no, nor an euill thought towards them. Which liked not the lesuites, because it hindered them from that thev hoped for, so that they ceased not still by this Dutch le^uite to put them in fcare, that thev should be sent into Portugal! to the King, rounsellinn them to vceld themselues lesuites into their Cloister, which if they did, he sayd they Would del'end iheni from all troubles, saying further, that he counselled them therein as a friend, c*v- one lh:it knew for certaine that it was so determined bv the Viccroyes Priuy conn- cell: whii!i 111 etl'cct he sayd ihey saved h;u for shipping that should saile for Portngall, with diners other perswa»ions, to put iheni ii', some feare, and ■•() to ellect their purpose The Ijigli-ih men to the coi.lrarv, durst not say any thing to them, l)Ul answered, that as vet tlii"v wonKi «tav a while, and consider th'-rcnf, thert'l)V putting the lesuites in comft.rt, as one among tiiem, being l!ie ])rin( i])all of them (called lohn Newbery) comjilained vnto mc often limes, casing thai he knew not what to say or thinke therein, or which wav he might be ridde of those truubles: but in the end they iletermined with themselues to depart from thence, and ^fi rellv b\ meanes of other IViciides thev imploved their monev in precious stones; whi(h the better to efl'eit, one of them was a leweller, and fi r the same purpose came with ihem, \\ hich being com hided among them, thev durst not make knowen to any man, neither did thev crcdiie \s so nun h, .is to shew vs their mindes therein, although thev tolile \s all wh.itsf.ener ihey knew. Hut nu a Whitsundav thev went abroad to sport them- selues about three miles from (!oa, in tlu- moiiih of the riuer in a coiinlrcv called Rardes, hailing with tliem goc-d store (f meale an.l driii.Ni'. .\nd beciuse thev should not be sns- peileil, they left their house and shoppr, \silh sonic wares therein \nsoI(le, in custodv of a Dutch bov, by vs prouidtd for them, tl.al looked vnto if. This l)ov was in the house not knowing their intent, and being in llardes, they had wiih them a Palamar, wliich is one ol the Indian poster, whi( h in the Winter times c.niith letters from one place to the other, whom they had hired to guide them: and beca' sf that betweene Hardes and the lirme land tliere is hut a little riuer, in a maner h:dre drie, thev pa>sc'd ouer it on foot, and so inmelled bv land, being nener heard of againe: but it is thought they arriued in .Aleppo, as some sav, hut thev know not cerlainely. Their greatest hope was that lohn Newberv could speakc th f 'Kii Ft %\ iWUi HIM 4()'2 \'OYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, JI. lohu Elilrcd. prayr, which ihcy niiulc Mire ncioiiiif of: whereupon tlic Dutch Icsuitc came to vh to asko vs il'wo knew thcrciif, sasinn, that if he had su-pcclcd so much, he would haue dealt other- wise, for that he sayd, he once had in his hands of theirs a bajj;;e wherein was forty thou- sand vrneseanders ^ech venescaiuler beiiijj two pardawes) which was when they were in prison. And that tliev had aUvaves put him in conil'ort to accomplish his desire: vpon the which promise he j;;uie them their money ai;aine, which otherwise they should not so lif,'htl\ haue lonie by, or peradnenture neuer, as he openly sayd: and in the endc he called thciii hereiicks, and spies, with a iht them. The I'.nj^lisii man that was become a lesnite, hearing that his com[)aiiions wore j;one, ami iiiTieiuiii}; lli:it the lesuiies shewed him not so gre.it faunur, neither \sed liim so well a^ the\ did at tiie lirst, repcnteii himscll'e; and seeing he had not as then maile any solcmne promise, and being lonnselled lo leaue the htiuse, and toKle that he could not want a liiiinj; in the toune, as also that (lie Icsnitcs could not keepe him there without he were willing to stav, so tlie\ coulil not a( cuse him of any thing, he tolde them (lall\ that he had no desire to sta\ within the Cloister. And although thev vsed all tiie meanes they could to keepe linn there, _\el he \V(Hild not stay, but hired an house without the C"loi-.l(r, and o])Cned sluippe. where he had good store of worke: and in the end m.irried a .Mest/.os (laughter of the tinMie, .so tiial he m.ade his account to sta\ there while he lined, liy this Hnglish man I w.is in- structcd of all the w:ivc>, trides, and vmages of the countrev, beiweene .\le|)po and Oniu^, anil of all tlie ordinances and common cusli.mcs which they vsuallv h ilde during tin :r voyage oner the l.ind, as also of the places and lownes where thev pa>sed. .\nd since ihn-e English mens de|)artures from (ioa, there neuer arrined aii\ >ir:ingcrs, either Fiigli-h or oilier-, by land, in the sa\i| countrevs, but onelv Italian-, which da\ly Irafliipie i uer land, and \m- continuall trade gi ing ai:d cumiiiiiig that wa\. The NoN.igi' of .\f. lohn MIdred to Trvpolis in Svria by sea. and from thence b-. land and riuer to Halnloii and Bal>ara. l.")S.l. I Dep.nted ii, iniin .mm- ber\, .M It.ilpli I'ili h, and si\e or seueii oilier honest inar( haiits \ pon Sliroiie miiiidas iJS.i, .ind arriued in Trliinlis nf Svria the lir^t da\ cf .\lav next insning: at our landing we weiil ni ^'"" • •■ '^ '-"orges Hand, a place where {'hri.-.tians il\ ing aboord the shi|)s, are woo.'t; lii- citv our Ijigli'h marchants haue a t'oiisull, and our nation abide toi^i- of liipuiiii;. S)IU. ixcit cf whi ■Uc. 'Hif rily of Hiimmah. Maving \ pon S. (ieo lo be buried. In tlii ., , .. - , fher in one house with him, tailed I'oiideghi Ingles, bnilded ol -.lone, sijuare. in maiur like a Cloi^iiT, & ciiirv ma i liaili his seucrall chamber, a- it is the \>e of .dl other Chrisiiaih of .■^euer.ill nalii'ii-. Ihi- towiie >tar.delh \ nder a part of the ni'iiint.iiiie of I.il.'ai.us iwo \'a\. glish miles a bankc (I iP'iuir.g sand, vshich gaihereili and increa-.clh with the Wesierne wiiuU, ill such sort, that, arc. inline; to an olde propliesie among them, thi,-. baiike is like to vwallmv \p i»; oucrwlieline tlie towne: for cuery yere it increaselh and eateth \p maiiv gardeiiv, al. lhou,";'i thev v^e all |iolicv t.i dimiiiisli the same, and to make it lirine ground. The citv U about llie biuiie«-e of J}ristovs, and walled about, though the walles be of no great force. The thiele :.lienglh <>[ the place i-. in a Citailell, which slaiiJelh on the South ^ide wiihin tlic walle-, ;iiid cuerhmkelh the whole lownc, and is slron^lv kept with two hundred lanisaries and uood artillery. A riuer passelh ihorow the midst of the citv, wherewith they water ihelr garde .1-. and inulbery tree-. c>n wiiicli there grow abundance place. This rode i-- more frequented with C'hri«tian man hauls to wit, Veneiians, (;enouoi«, I'lorentincs, Mar-ilians. .Sicilians, Uiguses, and lately with Knglish men, then anv other port of the Tiuk-- doiiiinions. From Tri| oli-- I deparled the 14 o! .\Iav v'.idi a c ar.iii.iii, passing ihree d.ive-. cnier the ridge of mount I.ibanus, at ihe ciul whereof we arriued in a city cillcd Ilammah, which standclh on a goodly plainc rcplciii^heil with .1/. lohu Eldrcd. c caine to vs to askc lid haiK' dealt otluM- >rcin was forty tlioii- i when they were in \U desire: vpoii the slioiild not so lifjhll) fiule he called thcin he vltered a^aiiiNt mpanioiis were noiif, r vsed iiiin so well ;l^ ■n made any solcnuu' iilil not w.ml a liuiiii; It he were wiliiii<; to that he had no (h-sire V eoiild to keepe him and opened >.',hi|)|ic. aiij;hler of the towiif, i'.iiiilish man I was iii- e Aleppo and ()iiini«, y h ilde lUirinj; llicr ii'd. And since iIk -o therTngli-h or other-, e < ntr Jaiul, and \m' , I'roMi thence hy lanv of M. lohn New- Sliroiie innndas iJS.'i, ir landing we went en the ships, are woont ur nation ahiiie to:;i- me, square, in inanrr if, ill other Chri-'tinib i,r l.ihai'.iis two l!ii- idinj; in Cornie of an rv K'""' artillery, ami s'|u\»iic IVoni the vci- thc We-lenic w'ukU, ikc i' like to sw.illinv p nianv t^anlen'', a!- round. The city U f no great force. The South side within the wo hundred lanisarlcs ■with they water iheir c wnrines, wherewith nalnrall coniMiodiiy to h Christian inardiant-, uses, and lately wilh (ili- I departed the 1 + I.ihanus, at the riul llv ptainc replenished with .1/. lohn Eldryl TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIKS. with cornc ar.d rniton wooll. On these nionntaincs which we pasccd ffrrivi great quantity of •jall trees, which are somewhat like our okcs, bnt lesser and more crooked: on the best tree a man shall not (inde aboiie a pound of jjalles. This fowne orHamiii.h is fallen and lalleth more and more to decay, and at this day there is sc.nrsc one halfe of I'le wall standinc;, whiih hath bene very sfroiif; and faire: but because it cost many mens linis to win it, the Tiirke will lot haue it repaired; and hath %vrilten in the Arabian toiij;ne oiui- the ca tic gate, which .slanilelh in the midst of the townc, these words: Cursed be the father and the sonne that shall lay their hands to the repairing hereof. Itefrcshing oiir selucs one d.ny here, we passed f(.rwar(l with camels three dayes more vntill we came to Aleppo, where we arriird the VJl of Mav. This is the greatest place of tralliciiie Inr a drv townc thtf is in all those ()arls : fur hither resort lewes, Tartarians, Persians, Armenians, iyiryptians, Indians, and many sorts of Christians, and eniov freedoine of their consc icnces, and bring thither many kinds of rich man haiidises. In the iniihlest of this towne also standeth a goodly castle raised on high, wilh a garisiin of foiire or line hmulred Fanisarien. Within foure miles round about arc g(;od- ly ganiens and \inevards and trees, which beare {;"odly fruit nccrc vnto the riuers .side, which is but small; the wallcs are about three l''nglish miles in coni|)asse, but the suburbs :ire almost as nun h more. The townc is greatly peopled. We departed from thence with our camels the la-t of Mav with M. lohn Newberv and his companv, ard came to Rirnh in three davcs, being a sni;<'l towne situated v|)on the riner Kiiphrales, where it beginneth first to take his tiame, being here gathered into one chanell, whereas before it commeih downc ill nianif dde branches, and tlierefore is called bv the people of the countrey by a name whiih si^'mlictli a lliousand heads. Here is plenty of victuals, whereof we all furnished our seines lor a long iournev dowiie the aliiresavd riner. And according to the maner of those tli^it trauell downe bv water, we pre]):ired a small barke frr t!ie connevance of (>tir selucs and ol our g< ods. These boates are jiat bolt ■mcd, be( •'lisc the riner is shallow in nianv places : and when men traiiell in the monelli of Inly, Auijnst, and September, the water being then at t'.ie lowest, lh('\ are constr.iined to > ary with them a spare beat or two to lighten their (■wne boitcs, if thev < hance to fall on the sholds. We were eight and twenlv davcs vpnn the water bctwcene Hirrali and V'elii'^ia, where we disimbarked (uir seines and our goods. Kiicrv nii;ht .ilier the Sun seiteih, we lie our barke to a stake, go on land to gather sticks, and set on onr pot with rice or briised wheat, and hailing supped, the inarchanf ■ lie aboord the barke, and the m.ninirs vpon the shores side as nere as thev < an vnto the --.ine. In inanv places \pon the riners side we met wilh troops of Arabians, of whom we l.'ought niilke, ImltiT, egges, and laml)s, and gaiie them in barter, (for thev care luit for inonev) glasses, f I inbes, C'Tall, ami er, to hang about lluir annes and nerks, and for ( luirned inilke we gauc ihein I'.read and |iomi;raiiai peeh's, wherewith they vsc to tanne their goats skinnes whiih thev (hnrne wiihall. 'I'Seir liaire, apparell, and colour are altogether like to tiiose vauabond l.^vptiaiis, whiih heretofore haiie i;- iie about in I'.ngl.ind. Their women ail without e\cep- tiipii weareagri.il nni'.d riii;; in one i.l their nostrels, of goUlc, siluer. or vnm, according to their ability, and about their amies and smalles of their legs lhe\ haue hoops of gdUlc, sihier or \ron. All of them as wel women and (hildren a~ men, are \erv gre;it swimmers, and often limes swimming thev brought vs inilke to onr barke in vessels vpon their heads. These jieople arc very iheeuish, wliidi 1 proiied to my cost: for they stole a casket of mine, with things of good value in the ^\\mi\ from viuler my mans head as he was asleejie: and therefore trauellers keepe good watch as they |iasse downe the riuer. Euphrates at IJirrah is about the breadth of the fhanies at Lambeth, and in s'ltiie places narrower, in some broader: it runneth very swiltlv, almost as fast as the riner of Trent : it hath diners sorts of lish in if, biK all are scaled, some as bigge as salmons, like barbils We landed at Felugia the eight and twentieth of lune, where we made onr abode scuen daves, lor l.iekc of camels to carv our goods to Babylon: the heat at that time of the vere is such in those j)arts, that men arc luth to let out their camels to trauell. This rehi^ia is a \illage of sonic hundred houses, and ■* place a|)poiiiled lor discharging of such goods as come downe the riuer: the inhabitants ire .\rabian.s. Not (liiding camels here, we were constrainrd to vnhde o\ • goods, and hired :\ V 2 -in 403 Cotton Wool!. Gall Trees. Alcj-p^*. Dirnh. Hupliritei ihil* low. Fijiil tt twenty d*yci iournf y by nuer. Arjbiif.* i-poi thp nuer ot" EuphtAtri. The AmSiai, women ucjtr goMe nn^^s m thfir niMrclv icnbcd. Frlu^* J t :'? 1 1 1 ] Jl'','- . rn if;WI'.! 404^ VOYACIKS, NAL'ICiATIONS, M. lolin Kldifd. The riiinM I'f oldc n.i).hiic. and let the water of the same runiic round about the towne. It is aboiie two Kn^lish mile- In compas>e, and the inhabitants •leiicralK speake three laniioaiies, to wit, the Persian, Arahi m and Turkish tongues : the people are of the Spaniards complexion : and the women ^encrallv weare in one of the Ti-tle- of their noses a rinu like a weddin;; riiip, but -oniewhat greater, with a pearle and a i'urkisli >.tont set therein; and this they do be thev iieiier so poore. This is a place of ver\ ureal trallujue. and a \crv RTeai iliorowfare from the K.i»t Indies i,i Aleppo. The towiic i> very well furnishetl with victmln which <'ome downe the riuer of Ti- j;ris from Mosul wliirh was called N'iniue in olde lime. Thc\ brinu the-^e victuals and diners Rjf'^hornfiTon ^,,,.|^ ,,(' niar» haudises vixm rails borne vpon "oats skins bioweii v ii lull of wind in manor n| ikins. bladders. .And when tiicv haue discharged their ^ooiU, they sel the raits lor lire, and let liu- wind out of iheir jjoals skins, and carv tlieni home aL;alne \pon llieir asscs b\ laud, to inakf other voyages downe the riuer. The building here is most of bricki- dried in the Sun, and very lille or no stone is to be foiiiul : their houses arc all llat-rool'ed and low. 'I'hcy haiic iin raine for eijilii inonetlis tou'cihcr, nor almost any clouds in the skic iii^ht nor day. riu-ir Winter is in NiHieniber, Di'cember, lanuarv and I'ebriiary, which is as warme as our Si^mnicr in Ivnjilaiid in a maner. This I know by j;oo mii;lily chaincs of y ron. I'Voin thence we departed in flat bottomed barks more stroiv; \ !;rc,iiii then tho.se of r.'.iphralcs, and were ciyht ami twenty daycs also in passin;, downe tliis riuer to lialsara, but we might liane done it in <-inhteeiie or lesse, il the water had bene higher. Vpon the waters side stand by the wav diners townes rcsemblini; much the names of the ulcle prophets ; the first towne tliev call ()/.eah, & another /ecchiah. Before we come to HalsniM by one daycs ioiirnc\. the two riucrs ol Tigris and laiphralcs meet, and there standelli a cas- tle called Curna, ke|)t by the Turks, where all marchanis pay a small custome. Here tlie Hvn riuers ioyiied together begin to be eight nr nine miles broad : here also it beginnctli to chiie and How, and the water oncrflowiiig iiiaketli the countrey all about very fertile of coriu', ri(c. pulse, and dales. 'The towne of lialsara is a mile and an halfein (ircnit: all the buildings, c.silc and wals, arc made of bricke dried in the Sun. 'The 'Turke hath here fine hundred lanis.irios, besides other souldiers contintialK in garisoii and pay, but his cliiefe strength is u\' gallics which arc about line and twenty or thirty very faire and furnished with goodly ordinaiice. To this port of Halsara come nionethlv diners shijjs from Orimiz, laden with all sorts of Iiiian, Aralii in le wdiucn j;cnfnllv t -omcwhat greater, uer so piiore. n (he l«i«t Indies |,i kvne the riuer nl' ii- ' \ielnals and diiirr* nl' wind in maner .■! lor lire, and lot liic ■es l)\ land, to make ied in ilie Sim, and low. Thi'v luiie iiii ^lil nor (lav. Tlii'ir irme a^ our Si^mnicr [)de at semndl liinc* we i(ime to the cii\, d ti'sietlter with i\mi re stron'; iV urealcr 'J, downe this riner er had tionc hi.;lu'r. le names of ilu- (■iilc we cinu" to Halsar.i there standelh a las- mie. Here the iw" t l)en;iiiiictli to ehlie eriile ofeorne, rice, the luiiidiniis, civile ■ Inmilred lanisarics, trenuih is of yallics h sjoodlv ordinal. re. ih all sorts of Iiiiiian e vsjiallv frDm I'TIv ol'the liarkc nfDali' lyd trees, and ot ilic s;mie Af, Tohn Eldrcit. TIl.\FFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIUES, 405 same they also make tiieir tacklinf;. They haiie no kind of yrnn wnrkc belonging to these vcs- ^||',''' ™''' ™ h'^' scls. sane only their ankers. From this plaeo six daye- ";"^''i,",'|'",''',j patched our busincssc at Halsara, imliarked our seines in coini>any of seuenty barks all laden Ak^v. with niarchandise, hailing ciiery barke I+. men to draw them, like our Westerne bargemen on the Thames, and wc were forty loiire da\es comining vp against the streainc to Babylon, where aniiiiiig and paving our ciistome, we with all other si rts of niarchants bought vs ca- mels, hired vs men to lade and driue them, furnished our seines with rice, butter, bisket, hoiiv Thrirprmiisiou made of dates, onions and dates: and eiiery inarchant Imiight a pr()]»ortion of line mutton.s, """""•■''• and hired cerlaine sticpheards to driue them with vs : wc also bought \s tents to lie in, and (o pill our goinls viidcr: anil in this our caraiian were foure thousand camels laden with spices, a C'lnvim of and other rich inarchandises. These camels will line verv well two or three daycs without cl'ma'.!"""' wafer: their feeding is on thistles, wormewood, maKdalene, and other strong weeds which they Hiule vpon the way. The goueriiment and deciding of all qnarels and duetics to be p.ay- ed, the whole caraiian comiiiiieth to one speci;ill rich marchant of the company, of whose ho- nesiv tliey conceiue best. In p.i-ising from Babylon to .\leppo, wc spent forty daves, tra- iielling twenty, or foure and twenty miles a day, resting ourseliies cOnionlv from two of the t locke In the affernoone, vntill three in the morning, at which lime wc begin to tako our iour- nev. Ijglit daves ioiiriiev from Baljyion toward .\ic|)|)o, iiecre viilo a lowne calletl Heit, as we crosse the riuer Euphrates by boates, about .'{. miles from the town there is a valley wherein are many springs throwing out .ibiiiidantly at great mouths, a kind of blacke sub- stance like vnto larre, which senieth all liie coiiiiirev to m;ike stanch tiieir barkes and boates: fiierv one of these springs makeih a noise like vnto a Smiths forge in the blowing & pulling nut of this matter, whicii neuer ceaseth night nor dav, and the noise niav be heard a mile (ilV rontinually. This xale swalowelh vjjall lieaiiie things that come vpon it. The people of tlic coiintrey cal it in their language Babil gcheiihain, that is lo sav, Hell doorc. As we pass- ed through these deserts, we ^aw certainc wihl beasts, as wild ;»sscs all white. Roebucks, wnjfes, leopards, fo\cs, ai.d many hares, whereof we chased and killed many. Aborise the king of the wandring Ar.iliiaiis in these deserts, haih a diilie of lO.s. sterling, vpon cucry Canu'ls lode, which he sendeth his otlicers to recciiie of the Caraiians, and in consideration hereof, he taketh vpon him to conduct ihc -ayd Caiauans if thev need his helpc, and to de- fend them against certainc prowling thieiics. I and my com|)anioii William Shales came to Aleppo with the Caraiian the eleiienlh of Iiine, l,")S4. where we were iovfiilly receined 20. miles distant front the towne b\ .\l. William Barret our Consiill, accompanied with his pco- ^y'"","! ""■■''■ |)lc and lanissaries, who fell sicke immediately and departed this life within S. dayes after, and .\i.Tp... elected before his death .M. .■\:i'hoiiie Bale Consul of our English nation in his place, who ^'- ^^''i- Burti. laudably suppned the same roome J. yeeres. In which meane time, I made two voyages „"« madc^j innrc \ntoBab\lon, and returned by the wa\ aforesavd, oner the deserts of Arabia. And Babylon. afierwards, as one desiroin to see other parts of the tininlrev, I went from .Vleppo to An- lidih, wiiich is thence (lO. Ivngiish miles, and from thence went dowiic to Tripoii.s, where going aboord a small \cssi'il, 1 arriiicd at lo[)pe, and li'aiielled to Kama, Lyti:i, Gaza, lerii- saiem, Bethleem, to the riuer of lordan, and the sea or lake of Zodome, and returned backc tu loppc, c^ from thence by se.i to Irijiolis, of which places because many others haiie publi.sjicd 'n I ■< i. s>: m 1 ! V, ■Mi I". II '^ '(i I 'Pi i! I- 1 •■mm j t^M^ '« 40G VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, WllUam narrct. published larRC discourses, I surcease to write Within Tew dayes after inibarKiiij; my srlfc at Tripoli^ the SW. of December, 1 nrriiieil ((ind be thanked) in salVty hire in the riuer of Thames with diuers Rnglish inarchal-, the Ul' ircli, I JW*, in the Hercules of Lun- don, which wa» tljc richest ship of English ni vhanis goods that eiicr was knowcn to tome into this rcalme. The money and meaMirea of Raliylon, Halsara, and the Indies, with the custoniw, &c. written from Aleppo in Syria, An. Ij8t. by M. Will, Barret. BABYLON ; The weight, mea-iure, and money currant there, and ihe customcs of merchandize. A Nfana of Babylon is of Aleppo I roue .'> ounces and a halfe : and (iH manas and thrrr Meucnth pirts, make a quintall of Aleppo, which is 494 li. H ounces of London: and l(M) manas is a quintall of Babylon, which makelh in Aleppo I4(i roues, ami of London t-i'i |j, and so much is the sayd quintall : but the marchants accord is bv so much the mana, and in the sayd place they bale the tare in all sorts of commodities, acconiiny to the order of Aleppo touching the tare. The measure of liabylon is greater then that of Aleppo 2\ in y IW. I'or !>rinuinn I0() pikes of any measurable ware from Aleppo thither, there is found but 82 pi'.es in Babylon, so that the 100 pikes of Hnb\lon is of Ale|)po 121 pikes, verv lille les.se. The currant nmny of B.ibylon are .Sales, which .Say i^ .> nieilines, as in Aleppo, and -K) nic- dines being H Saies make a duckat currant, and 47 mcdines passe in value as the duckat of ;;oId of Venice, and the dollars of the best sort are worth, '{3 medines. The roials of pLup are sold by the 100 drams at prise, accordinn as they be in iii;uesl: but amongst the mar- chants thev bargainc by the 1(10 metrals, which are \M drnms of \leppo, which ITiOdraiiN arc l:i:) siiij;le roials of plate : but in the mint or castle, they take the by the 100 dram., which is yo roials of (jlate, aiul tiiose of the muil i;iuc ;"» medines les.sc in each 100 draiii> then thev are woorlh to be sold amon;; the man hauls, and make paiment at the terme ol ^0 (laves ill .Sayes. The cu»tonie in H iby Ion, as \>cl inw.ird as oiiUNard, i> in this mancr ; .Small wares at G per l(X), Coral and amber at ."land a haile jicr I'X), Venire ciutii, Ijiglish doth, Kersies, MockaiiN, Chatnblel.«, Silks, Vi'liicts, Damasks, Satlins & such like at .'i per lOO: iV- they rate llic goods without reason as they ln>l liiciii'-cliies. Tlie Toafi, Bo.ibo, and other exactions (i me- dines per bale, all wliiili tlie\ ]):iy presently in ready niony, according to the euntomc and v.sc of the em|)eror. To the Ermin of the mint \ orilinarie vsc is to guic 'M .Saies in ciirtesie, otherwise he would by authoritic of his ollice come aboord, iV fir de^pi;^ht make such .search in the barke, llui he would turne all things toj)sie tnruic. BALSAHA : The weight, measure, and muney in the citic of Balsira. .^ .\fana of Balsara answcrcth ."> roues 2 (iun(es iV a halfc of .Meppo wci_;hl, &: 19 inaiias and one 4 part of Balsara, answcrcth the ijuintall of .\lc))|)o, which is 494 roues, 8 t iJ qiiiiitalii, aiul '.i crubi or rouc't, and otlirr •mine i qiiintalH 'J.i roiilups, and yi't bull) ii rallod a Iwrrc, whirh liarro, a* well n* nival a* lillt-, i^ 'il) (ra«oli, awi fiiciv fraHoll if) 10 mana», and ciieiy inana '^'.i i hiaii-i, aitJ oiicry iliianx) 10 miMiraU aid a haH,-, Note llial ciicry (luiiUall makc'th 4 rnilii or nuicH, and riit-ry niuo .'i'i rolilotN, \ iMu-rv i,i. VKiiatoiiioii, tilo KioiincfM, ami riu-ry ounce 7 mrlitaU, so tlial ilif (|iiinlall coninu'ih to I)p I'iM ruiilnc, ^vhich in Alcppine 2(i rotiloc* and one third part, wliirh is I.J'i Ii Kiiiilifth \vfi>{lit. And cdti. trarywi^cC quintal ol' Aleppo (wliicli \* VJi roiilncs H omit iw Hn);ll»li ) nial.upra, olwhiih llu-y haruainesiniplv, ai ( onj. ing to the sort of eoinniodirie, but if they bar^ainc ol' the ureal liarre, the ttame i* 7 <|iiini:ili and'H roliloes, whicii in ''JM Ii. i) onncew uf London weiglw, and of Aleppo lUJ roliioes ami a halle. TciurhiiiR the monev ofOrmiiz, they barnainc in m.inhandi^e at ■xi many leiheM l)y the l)arre, whi( h lei h i-* 100 Asarie'*, and liiaketli larines 1(H) iV a halle, \4ii(h makcth pardaott.fS, & larinet one halfe, at larine-* ,"> by the parilao. One a'*; rie ii stdinei 10, and euery nadine is I(K). danarie. The larine is worth ."is-idinc* and one fourth part, so thut the sadine i» worth of Aleppn inonv I niedinc and I fourth part, h the larine as in HaUara worih of Aleppo mony (i mcdims 8c a half. The pardao is ."» larines i f HaNara. There is also stamped in Ornui/. a seraphine of i;old, whiih is liile and round, and is wcirih '^4 sadine«, vhich niaketh .'JOniedines of Aleppo The Venetian mon\ is worth in Ormu/. Iarine> SH per l(K) ineiii aN, h ihe roials are wcrili larines Hriiiyiiij{ KM) pikes cif mv measurable ware- from HaNar.i nr Itibyluii, ijiere is found in Orimi/. i'i'i codes iind twolliinl parts. Tiie ( ther iitensnrc is callcil a \are, \Nhi< h was >eiil fn in tin* kiii'; of I'lirlu^all l(t the liitli.i, bv which thc\ •icll things of sin.ill \, due, \>iiich nx'asuie is of .'i p.ilines or "pan-, and i- cih rode and two thini jiarts, mi tluii biiviiin KM) cihIcs of anv nwasuiable wares, and reinriiiiii; i" meaKure it by the sayd vare, there are found but (iO vares, contrarywisc I0() varen make l(i(j codes and two third jiarts. Note thatal such ships as lade horses in Ormii/. for Cioa or any other place of bulla, l.iihii^ U) horses or vpwards, in what places socner the said horses be taken a shore in the IikIm, ihr niarchudi/e which is to be dischnr^ed out of that ship wherein the said horse* (oine, are lii.iiiiil til |)ay no custoinr at all, bill if thev lade one horse U-snc tiien ten, then the ^oods are IhuiimI to pay the whole custome. And this l.iw wan made by Dim Kmanuel kin^ of l>iirlu>;all, liiii ii is to be diligently foreseciie, whither all lliose hor.sis laden be bound to pa> the kiii^ his cii-- tome: for many times by the kin;; of Fortugall his commandement, there is lauoiir shewed to the king of Cochin hin brother in arm«'s, so that hin horses that come in the same ship, ;in' not to answere custome. As for example: If there were 4 horses laden in one »hi|), all whii h were to pay custome to the kin;;, and one other of the kinn of vJochiiw which were imi i" pay any custome, the same i aiiselh all the marcli,iiidi/.e ol that ship to be subiect to pay cii- toine, per .aduise. IJiit if they i "i horses vpon purpose to pa\ the kin;; his cusioiiic in (ioa, and in the voya;;e nny of ihei ild die in that ca-e, if they brin;; the laile of tlic(lc:ul horse to the custome in Goa, thei. iuiuli/e is free from all custome, because liny were latlcii in Ormuz to pay custo: oca. Moreouer, if the horseti .should die before ihr mill"! Wilttiiin linrirt fiiinliiU 'i."» nitilocs, .•i'k;iI* n'ld a h,ilf»-. illUN, kV CIUTV 1(1- to 1)P VIH n>lil(.(s, wi'IkIiI. Ai)il Tdti- iiuikrlli 47 i rolilni'4 niiicfiimplv.ait'Cdnl' c Hamc Ul <|uini^ili i|>i> I'Jii rotiliKw und naiiy lethcH hy tlic I makctli |)anlaoN;iH, , ni)d I'Ucry «ailinc is ir<)riiiii7. lii-< niii;(, i'(:aiisc' iii'itlifr Vein- r.i««'lli \|nin tlio iiicM- )rnMi/. ii»( rra'f \|Hiii UK MN) pikri nl' ;iiiv I ttxICM aiitl tv«() third >rlu^:ill to tlic li)tli.i, r x|>:in-, ami i- oiic TV, anii rciiirninu i.i KX) varcH make Ititi arc of Iiulia, l,iihii'4 u>TC in till- liidi.i, ihi' rxri(()inc, arc I), iiml the KoixU art' IkhiikI j> ()rP<>rtii>;all, liiil it )a\ the kinn his i\\>- re I* I'aiioiir shcwnl in tlie wmc >hi|), ;iio II (IDC !thi|), all uhii h whicii were not in )C >iil)icf t to pay rii- kinj; hi-i ciMonic in ; the taili- oithcih-:!.! stoinc, briausc they ->ynj{r, they pay no cimtnme at all, nnil if Jhey die in the midii of ihc voyaj^e, then they pay hallc customo, but if any horne die after the mid voia^e, they pay (imtoinc n(» Icsse then if they irriue Nal'e. Notwithntanding, the nierrhandi/c ( whether the Haid hone* die hi'lorc or in the mid V(iyr.ne or after the mid voia;;c) arc free from allcuHtome. The ciistome of Ornuiz is eleiien in the I0(>, to say, 10 for the kinj?p and I for the arminjf ol' the foiuls; but for Minali ware* m glaHiM, and lonking '.lasne* of all nortH, and niich like. made for anparcll, pav no custtomc. But cloth of Wool!, Kanties, Morkaires, Chamlctn, and alUorlcsol Silke, SaH'mn, ami xiich like, pay ciintome, being esteemed reasonably. There is also another (iistome, which tlicv tall caida, which is, that one brinfjing his j>oods into Orniii/:, with purpose to send j' "amc J'urther into India, the wamc arc bond to pay ■'< Us the l(K), but none other are bound to pay this rustome, except the Armenians, Moorc!*, ami Icwes; for the I'ortugalu and Venetian-* pay nothing thereof. Note j in Oriniiz the\ abate tare ol all sorts ol cominoditicM, by an order obseriied of ciwtome. rhc Iraight from Urmuz to (.'haul, (>oa, and Cochin, is as I'olnweth; Mokaires larines G oiT table ol (iO pikes. Aijuariosa H larines by ordinarie chist, raisins 10 by chiHt, which in a (|iiintall of roues I'i.S. Huuia of Chalangi larines 10 pcrfjiiintall, glasses larines 8 per chist, , r4 ro(-ie and a halle, glasses in ureal thisis 14 & l,» larines by chist. Small wares larines \'l b\ chis' of Hue fool 'I'ainari for Maschat sadines 'i and a half, and 3 by the fardle. Ta> inane fi); I'lU and (.'li.iiil i sadines, and 4 and a halfe by bait. Uthcr drugs and things which come iinni I'crsia p:i\ aiconling to the greatnessc of the bales. The li'ai;;ht inciilinncd, they pay as appeareth, when they ship the sayd goods in ships where lior-.cs i;(ic : tithcrwi4e not hauing horses, they pay nomc what Icmc, because of the custom whii'h they are to pay. The vse ol' the Inilia ships U, that the |)atrnncs thereof are not at any charge neither with ,111V passeiigtr, nor yet with any mariner in the ship, but that eiiery one at the beginning of the voyage doe riirnish to luaintaiiu- his owne table (if he will eate) and fordrinke they liaue ,1 i;rcal iarrc of water, which is garded with i^reat ciistodie. COA. The weight, measure, and moiiy currant in Goa. Tile (piintall of (>oa is ,'i inanas, and S larines, & the mana is 'J4 rotilos, so that the quin- i.iil of (>oa i« I'iS rot, and cuery rot. is Id ounces, which is of Venice weight I li. and a halfc, vi that the miiiitall of (ioa is ID'i li, sotile \'ciiice, which is '2ti rotiloes S ounces Aicp^Mne, ,iiiil of London weight \,ii li. Kn;{lisli, as the w<'i'4ht of Ormuz, .Ml the man liaiiili/.c, •.pices and drugs, are sold by this ipiinlal, except some drugs, as lignu (ic t'iiin.1, (iai.inga, \ others, whereof llicy bargaine at so nuuh per candill, adiici-iising that [here be two sort'> of c.uidill, one ol Iti inanas, the other of 20 manas, that it lii nian.TS inniniclh to be iust ;{ (jiiintaU, and that of 'iO manas, J ipiint.ils, ,'{ roues. Note that 4 roues make a (luintall. and the roue is :i2 rotiloes, as in Orniuz, riiore is also anotiier weight wliii h they call Marco, which is eight fninccs or hallc a rotiln nf Cioa, iV y ounces of N'cnicc .sotile: witli this they weigh amber, corall, nuiskc, ambrncan, 1 iiici, and other line wares. Tiifii- is al«o another sort of weight called Mangiallino, which i> ,'» maiiies ol' Venice weight ,;ail ihercwitli they weigh diamaiits and otlier ioweis. Note that in (ioa they \se not to abate any t.ire of any gootis, c\.'cpt of sacks or wraps. Si therfore it rcipiircth great aduisement in buying of tiie goods, cspcciallv in the icuskc " fartaria which conimcth by way of China in bladders, and sfi weigh it \>iiiioiit any tare 401) Nolf tint 4 roud nok n q\]ilil.ill. rcliating. flic measure of (lo.i is called a tixle, which eiureascll Music ofl tlur tiv V' > of O-M-i- Mill tlie nicasiuv of Habylon & liaUara after ilie rate of 17 iV one eight jiart by the l(X), so that briiiL'ing KM) |)ikes' ol' any measurable ware from thence to (ioa, it is found 117 pikes 7 eight pail^. aiul bringing KH) Cities from Ormuz to Ci<'a, there is found but !>.'{ cculc and "nt fourih part, VOL. II. J a There i'\ i " I. ^^ ilk I n \ ^ ' I '■ ' \i .1 'Jtvll .tiify. J 4U) VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. .1/. mil. Barret. There is also the varc in Goa, which is iust as the varc orOrmiiz, and therewith they mea- sure onely things thai arc of small value. For the inony of Goa, there is a kind of mony made of lead and tin mingled, beinpthiciie and round, and stamped on llie one >ide with the sphcare or >;lol)eof the world, and on the other side two arrowes & .') rounds: and this kind of mony is called Hasamchi, and 1,'j ol' tlu-sc niake a vinton of naughty mony, and .j xintons make a lanj^a, and 4vintcn3s make a taiMa „( base money: so that the tanga of l)ase mony is (iO ba^aruchics, and the tanga dl' (jooil nuniv ''5 basaruchies, & b tan^as make a scraphine of <;old, which in marchandi/e is wonli ■) (auiiasgood monev: but if one would change them into basaruchies, he may haue 5 laniia-, and l(i basaruchies, \Nhich oiierplus they cal cerafagio, ^: when the\ bargain of the pard.nv of gold, each pardaw is meni to be (i langas good mony, I)nt in marchandize they vsc not i,i demauiul pardawes of goKl in (Joa, except it Ije lor iewels and iiorscs, I'or all the rest ihcv takv of serajihins of silucr, per aduiso. The roials of plate, 1 vay, liic roial of 8 arc woriii per cu-^lnme iS; commandemeni of tlir king (i| I'lirlugall 40() reie-;, and cucry rcy i-; one baxiutichic iV one Imirlh part, wliidi nial.oii tangas (', aiul .'>.'{ basaruchies ;w llicir iii-t \aluc, but for that tlie s;iid roials are e\ccl!ciii sn. ucr aid currant in diners plaic-^ nl the India, and cliielU in Malaci a, wli'' llie ships are to d,'. part at iheirdue times (calieil Mon-ons) cnery one to haue the said nials jiay more then ihc, arc w. rlh, & the oucr|)lus, as is alxnu'said they cail sendagio. And (irst ihev giue v w-\ value of the I0() n iaU of S. at I) langas ,")() basaruchies a pie. e, wiiich do'C, lliev I'.ine «or.- piiins ."),<), 7, S, M, 1(1. \'2, 1."), \nliil 'i'i by the |(H>, according as iliev are in re(|nest. The diu kal of g
    and .'J fourth ]>ar|s, and 1 lariiU's m ,,, a seraphine of sillier, wlii( h is ,) langas nf goi d mniicy, and liusf also luiue scrafagnai (>, 7, S. U), vnlil it). In ihe lHO, fur when liie sliips depart lor the Noitli, to sav, for('i:i '. Diu, ("anibaia, or Hass.iim, all cary (>f the same, bei:ni-i' it is moni'v more lurranl liicii . other. 'J'here is also a son of seraphins of g.il 1 of ihc siani|ic dl Ormn/, whcrccil'lherc are luil Icu' in Goa, Inil being there, iIh'x arc wo, rth line l.irini s .uuI sonu'wiial mere, aci orJing as ilu are in recpiest. There is also ancjllur lille sort of monv, nmnd, haning on the one sie that h;uie bene married fourc yeerc in the countrey pay but foure in the hundred, per aduiso. MALACCA. 'fhe weight, mcasme and monev of Malacca. lOr the mar( hanilise bought and so'd in the citie they reckon at so much the barrr, which ii.irre is of diuers >iirls, great and small, accoriliug to the ancient cnstome of the said citie. \ (liuersitie of ihe go tangas of i^ood nionev, which i- .'i*>0 reyes, and is >t.imped with two letters, S. T. which is S. Thomas (.11 the one siile, and the amies of Poituuail on the other side. There is also a kind of inony cilled Cru/ados stamped with the armes of I'orlugall, & is i.crlh li tangas good monv, the lariiies arc euerv 'J of them worth 'i cru/.ados, which i> I'i langas gooil monev, and these larines be of those which are stamped in Balsara ;iml Orimi/. The roi.il, of S lhe\ call I'ardaos de lieales, and arc wi nil 7 tangas of good monev. 'fhe t ustome of Mal.n i a is 10 in the KM) a- wel iiu> ivl as outward, and those which pay ilie (ustome inward'-, if in case tliev send the same goo. med. li. ])er somme. For 3 platters of raisins, and 15 pounds of sope, med. 2."). Forcustome to kiriK Aborissei, Due. ;iO. is ' '-'"' For custonie at l>ea the sumnie of For 4 dishes raisins, and 'iO. jHiunds of sope. For rustome at Bosara, the suninic of Fit 'J dishes ra'sins, and 10 pound of sope. For cMsidnu' in Anna, in 10 (ler suinnie, Fur 4 dishes of raisins, and ij() p'und of s'-pc. For cn-t(ime in .\dite, medines 10 per l-arke, For 2 dishes raisins, and 10 pound of sope, For ru«toinc at (Jwekc, For "i dishes rai-ins, and 20 pound of sope, For rustome in I«t, For 4 platters raisins, .nnd 20 poand of sope, Charf;es of j)resents at Fi iupia, F'nr laniils from Feluijia to Babvlon, For customc in B.ibylon, as in the booke appeareth. For a barke from Haln Inn to Balsara, For custome of small wares, at C'ortio, Forcustome of clothes at ("orno, the siimme of For .'1 dishes raisins, and 'iO pound of sope, nn-u. .m. For fraipht from Balsara to Ormus, acconlin!; to the prealnesse, as in this booke appearetli For riisiomr in Ormus, as is abouesaid in this bonke. For frai^^ht from Ormus to Goa, as is in thi'^ booke shewed. For custome in Goa, as is abouesaid. A der laration of the places friini whciirc the ponds subsrribed doe come CLoucs, froiTi Nfaluco, Tarcnate, Amboina, by way af laua. Nutmefjs, from Bands med. WH). med. 'i'.iO. per barke. med. :i'.f. med. 10. per barke. med. 17. med. 10. per sommc. mcd. Jb. med. 10. per barke. med. 17. med. 10. per barke. med. 17. med 10 per sommc. med. .'{.'». med ;<0. med. ;iO per sommc, mrd. «H10. med. 20. per sommc. med. per sommc. med. 2t>. Maces from Banda, laua, and Malacra. Pepper Gawrie, fri>Hi Cochi:i. Pepper com, t. on from .\lalabir. Sinnamnn, fr >m Scilan. Tinne, I'rom Malacca. Sandals wilde, from Cochin. Sandales domoMck, from .NIalacca. Verzini, from S. Thomas, and from China Spicknard, from Zindi, and Labor. Quicksiliier, from China (linper Belledin, from the Countrie within Cambaia. (i'iiij,'er Sorallin, from Sorat within Cambai.n. Ginjjer Mordassi, fro Mordas Within Cambaia. (Jihffer Meckin, from Mecca. Miral)olans of all sorts, from Cambaia. While sucket from Ziiidi, Cambaia and China. Conunia, from diuers places of India. Coi-all of Leuat-,t, from Malabar. Chomin, from Balsara. Kequitria, from .\rabia Felix, (iarl.le of Nntmejjs from Banda. Sa! .Anr.oniacke, from J^indi and Cambaia. Galls, from Cambaia, Bentrala, Lstria & Svria. Zedonri, from diuers places of India Ginger Dabulin, from Dabui. Cubeb, from Chitia Amomiiin, Vhcnce drugs come. Whence drugs come. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. i\i is bookc npppareth Amomum, from Cliina. Cainphon, from Brimco necrc to China. Myrrha, from Arabia Felix. t'osto dulie, from Zindi, and Cambaia. Bor.i/.<), from Canihaia, and Lalior. A'.i fclida, from Lilior. \V:ixi', fnmi Bcnjjiila. .Scragni, from IVrsia Cnssia, frum Cambaia, and from Gran Cayro. Sinrax calamita, from Rhodes, to say, from A' ncda, and Cincmario within Car-mania. Sli>r:i\ li(|ui(h), from Khoilcs. Tiitia, from I't-rsia. Cagirrs, from Malabar, and Maldiua. Uiiuia to dip witli ill, from Chalan<;i. Ahimme di Kocra, from Ciiina, and Constan- linnple. Chopra, from Cochin and .Malabar. Oppopanav, from I'er'.ia. ljj;iium AKics, from Cochin, China, and Ma- lacca. Dcmnar, from Siacca and Blinton. dalanga?, from China, Chaiil, Cioa, & Lacclia, f- in I'onu, and lialaguatc. Carabbo. Ii' ■• Ahnanio, Coloqm ' ' ' 11 Cyprus. Aparici .• n ilcmania. Scamonei .1 Syria, and Persia. IWcllium, from Aral)ia fclix, and Mecca. C.irdainiimum >niall, from Barcelona. Cardainomiiin fjrcat. from iiengala. Taniarinda, from Bals.Tra. ,Mi c Setiitriiia, from Sei utra. Aloe Kpatica, from I'at. Safran, (rom Bal-^ara, and Persia. Lijzniim dc (^hina, from Ciiina. lihapontiriun, from IVrsia, and Pngia. Tliii-i, from Seciitra. Tiirhith, from Din, and Canib.iia. Niiti ol' India, from Ooa, and other places of India. NdX vomica, from Malabar. S:int;iiis Draconis, from Secutra. Armoni.iijo, from Per-ia. S|)c dio di ("ana, from Cochin. ^iarJ;araIina, from Bala;{uate. Miiske from Tartarie, by way of China. Amiirachan, from Melinde, and Mosambique. Indico, from Zindi and Cambaia. Siikeif fine, from China. Long pepper, from Bcngala and Malacca. Latton, from China. Momia, from the great Cayro. Belzuinum Mandolalo, from Sian, and Barosi, Belzuinum burned, from Bonnia. Castorium, from Almania. Corallina, from the red sea. Masticke, from Sio. Mella, from Romania. Oppium, from Pugia, and Cambaia. Calamus Aromalicus, from Constantinople. Capari, from .Mexandria and other places. Dates, from Arabia felix, and Alexandria. Diciamnum album, from Lombardia. Draganti, from Morea. Eiiphorbium, from Barharia. Epifhymum,.from Candia. Sena, from Mecca. Gumme Arabike, from ZafTo. Cochin. Grana, from Coronto, Ladanum, from Cyprus and Candia. Lapis la/.zudis, from Persia. Lapis Ziidassi, from ZalTeltn. Lapis Spimgij is found in >ponges. Lapis Hu-matites, from AInianie. Manna, from Persia. Auripigmentum, from manic places of Tur- kie. Pilatro, from Barbaria. Pistaches, from Doria. Worme-.seede, from Persia. Stmiack, from Cyprus. Sebesten, from Cyprus. Galbanum from Persia. Dente d'Abolio, from Melinde, and Mosam- bique. Foliiun Indicum, from Goa, and Cochin. Diaspriim viride, from Cambaia. Pefra Bezzuar, from Tartaria. Sarcacolla, from Persia. Mclleghcte, from the West p.nrts. Sngodi Rcquillicie, from Arabia felix. Chochenillo, from the West India. Rubarbe, from Persi.i, and Ciiina. The times or .seasonable windes called Monsons, wherein the ships depart from place to place in the East Indies. NOtc, that the Cilie of Goa is the priiuipall place of all the Orientall India, and the win- ter there beginncth the 15 of May with very great rainc, and so continueth till the first of August, so that during that space, no shippe can passe oucr the barrc of Goa, because through the II. 'I,' '^1 1^ u ' « ll^' ml 414 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The Monsonn ihe conliniiall shoiircs of raine all the sandes ioync t of lanuarie, and come to Goa about the end of l'ebru;irie. The (ir>t monson (u m Diu for the straight of Mecca. The ships depart from Diu about the 15 of lanuarie, and relume from the straights to l)i i in tl'.e nionclh of August. 'I'he second monson fnmi Diu for (he straight of Mecca, 'file ships depart betwixt the 2J and (irst of September, and returne fiom the straiglii, i,, Diu, the lirst and l."* of May. The monson from Secutra for Orinus. I'he ships tlepart about llie tenth of August for Ormus: albeit Secutra is an Hand and li.ii!i but few >iii|)s, which dcpirt as abouesaid. The monson wherein the Moores of the firme land come to (ioa. About the tirtcciuh of .September the \foores of the (irme lande beginne to come to (I • and thcv come from all parts, as well from Balaguatc, Be/encgar, as also from Sudalcan, ,iri! other places. The mon.son wherein the Moores of tiie firme land de|)nrt from (ioa. They depart froni (ioa betwixt the It) and l.'i day of Nouember. Note that hv goini; f ■ till' North is ment the deparliMg from {J.a, for ("haul, Diu, C'.unbai.i, Daman, Ba^iaim, (iiia<«,ii;) .mil other |)laa>t \nto Cape Couiori. The first monson from (ioa for Oiniiis. The shi|>pe'< depart in tlie moneli. < I' October from (ioa, lor Ormus pa^^ing with l",a>Ur!> windes along the coa>l ni' I'ersia. Tiie second monson fri-m (ica to Ormus. The ships depart about the 'iO of lanuarie |)assing by the like nauigation and windes as in tic lirst monson, and this is called of the I'ortiigals and Indians tntrenumson. Tlie tiiird monson from (ioa to Ormus. Tlie ships depart bel\\i\t tlu'i.) (jI March, and (5 of .Vprill. haulng r,a most troubiesoiiie of all : for the\ mai\e two i auigations in tiie heiglh of Sc\laii, wiiicii i> (i degrees aiul somewhat lower. The lirst nuuison from Ormus for Chaul aiul (ioa. The ships de|)art from Ormus for Chaul, and Goa in the moneth of September, \>ith Ni ri!i and NiTlheasf windes. The second monson from Ornuis for Chaul and (ioa. The sec(>nd monson is betwixt the line ami twenlie and last of Dei ember, with like wind- as the former monson. Tiie third monson from Ormus for Chaul and (ioa ■flic third monson liie ships depart from Ornnis, lor Chaul and Goa, betwixt the first and l.j. of April, and they .sailc with .Southeast windes, East and Northeast windes, coasting vpun ihc is;in Ihinil and lt,ii!i M. William Barret. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 415 the Ar ibia side from Cape Mosandon vnto Cape Rasalgate, and hailing lost the sight of Cape Kasalgate, they haue Westerly windcs, and so come for Chaiil and Goa, and if the said ships depart not before the 25 of April, they are not then to depart that moiison, but to winter in Ormus because of the winter. The first monson from Ormus for Zindi. The ships depart for Ormus betwixt the 15 and 20 of Aprill. The second monson from Ormus for Zindi. The ships depart betwixt the 10 and 'iO if October for Zindi from Ormus. Tlie monson from Ormus for the red sea. The ships depart from Ormus betwixt the first and last of lanuaric. Hitherto I hni'.e noted the monsons of the ships departing from Goa to the North- ward : Now follow the monsons wherein the ships depart from Goa to the South- ward. TIic inon-ion from Goa for Calicut, Cochin, Scilan, and all that coast. Tile ship-i depart from those pKicos betwixt the I and 15 of August, and there they find it nauigahle all the yeere except in the winter, which continueth as is aforesayd, from the 15 Note. * of May till the 10 of ,\uiru^t. In like niancr the ships come from these places for Goa at ciiory time in the veerc cvcept in the winter, but of ail other the best time is to coire in Noi. ember, December and laiuiary The fir^t monson from Goa, for Pegii. The sliiiK depart from (ioa, lictwixt the 15 and 20 of April, and winter at S. Thomas, and after the .'» of .Aiiijust, tliey e that monson, neither is there any more miMisoTis lill .April :is is aloroaiil. Note that the chielc>t trade is to take money of S. Thomas M„f|,,„,||,j ri.ils, aiiil p.ilerhoiii, and to goe to S. Tliomas, and there to buy Tellami, which is line cloth to.iiior 1V£U. of India, wIii'mmI' liicic is great (|iiantiiic made in C'oromandel, and brought thither, and ( tluT ni.iri liaiidise .in- not good lor ilial place except some dozen of very I'aire Eincraulds cricntall. Tor of golile, sillier, .mid Kiibies, there is sufficient store in Pegu, ilie mon-on from Pegu for the Indies. Tlic -hips depart from Pegu betwixt the 15 and 2."> of laiuiarie, and come to Goa about ilu- 2.1 if .March, or in llie liegiiining of April. Note, that if it passe the 10 of May lie- IdiT the savdc nliips lie arriiu'd ill Goa, the\ cannot come thilhcr that monson, and if thev liane not ilien let ilie coa-t of India, they sliall with great perill fetch S. Thomas. The lir>t moii«on from (r a li r .Malacca. Tic ships depart betwixt the 15 and l.i^t of .September, and arriuc in .Malacca about the ciiil of Oeli bcr. riic scC'iul monson I'rom Goa to Malacca. The ships depart about the 5 of .May from Goa, and arriiie in Malacca about the 15 of Iiine. The first mon-on IVorn Malacca to Go.i. The ships depart .about the l(t of September, and come to (ioa about the end of Oc lober. The sei ond moii-on i'r m M.ilac ea to Goa. The ships depart from M.il.icca abi lit the 10 of Pebriiarv, and come to Goa about the end of March. Hut if the siid ship- should siav till the 10 of Ma\. they cannot enter into (ioji, and if at that lime also they -hciuld not 'e arriued at Cochin, they are forced to retiirne to .Malacca, because the winter ar.d contrary windis then come \pon them. The monson f'n m (io' tor China. The ships depart from Goa in the moiieth of April. The 1 1 .J 'M '-.f :1 .141 'jv^. 'tV'^ 11 m ' J; ' , k(P ■ii.ltr ' t# lll:r ^'rtfM' In ■ ' iw tl'i U ! -IK) NulC. N.^ir. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. William Barret. The moiison from China for Goa. The '^hips depart to be the 10 of May in Goa, and beinp; not then arriued, thcv funic baciic to Cochin, and if they cannot fetch Cochin, they rcturnr to Malacca. The monson from Goa to the Mohiccaes. The ships depart about the 10 or 15 of May, which time being past, the shippes can not pas^ic oner tlie barrc of Goa for the cause abouesaid. The nionson of the ships of the Moliiccaes arriuall in Goa. The ships which come from the Moliiccaes arriue vpon the bar of Goa about the 15. of April. The nioiisoiis of tiie Portingall slups for the Indie.n. The ships which come from Portiin;ill depart thence ordinarily betwixt the tenth iS: (if. fecnth of March, comming the straigiu way during the moncth of luly to the coast of ,\Ii.. linde, and .Mosambicpie, and from thence goe straight for (ioa, and if in the moneth of lulv thov >hoiild not be at the roa^t of Mclinde, they can in no ivisc that yeere fetch Mclindc, but rcltiriic to the Isle of .Saiiil IleJenn, and so are not al)le, that time being past, to rfi( h the cii.i-t of India, and to conic straight for Goa. Tiu'rcfore (as is abouesaid) tlicv rctiiin,. to i!ic Khind of Saint Helena, and if ihey cannot make the said Island, then ihev riiiiiic ;s lost xpoM till" coast of Guinea: but if (ho u.ijd ships be arriued in lime vpon the coast of M,. linde, they set forwardes for (ina, and if by tiie fifteenth of .September they cannot IViih (ioa, ihey then goe for Cochin, but if they see they cannot fetch Cochin, tliey rcturnc 1 1 -Mosanibiipie to winter there vpon the sayd coast. .Mbeit in the veere of oin- Lord l.'iHI then' arriued the ship railed .San Lorenzo, being wonderfull sorr sea-beaten, llie eight i, October, which was accounted as a myracle for that the like had not bcene scene before. 'fhe mon-ion from India for Portiigall. The -Iiippcs depart fr(>ni Codiin beiweenr the (ifteenth and la>.t of lanuary, going on i!!; thev hane sight of Capo de buona spcran/a, and the Isle of Saint Helena, wlii( li Nlandr i, alioiit the midwav, lieing in si\teene degrees to the South. And it is a litle Nlaiid hcii fruilfull of all things which a man ran imagine, with great sli.re of fruit: and lhi^. Isl.iiiil ;, a great succour to llie shi|)ping \>liiih retiirne for rortugall. And not long since the s.ij ! Island was fciuul bv the I'oriuj;ales, and was di>rouered by a^hippe that (anie from the Indie, in a great slorme, in which they foinid such abinidance of wilde lieasles, ;ind hoares, and.i'l sort vf friiite, that by nu ancs ilicree f that ])oore shipwhi<-li had heene foure moneilis ;ii >,!. nlrohcd llicin-iiiics both with water and nieate verv well, and lliir, Nhuul thev (allid s Helena, becnu'-e it wis discducrcd vpon S. Helens dav A;iil \ ndoul)te(llv this Isj.iiui i, ,i '.reat snci our, and so great an ayde to the ships of l»iirtui;all, that riKuiv would -urel\ pcri-'i it' that lul[ie wanted And llierclore the king of I'drliiuall imised a Cluir( h to he ni:idc ifn n lor () of luiic', and goe to winter :it 'feiie and dcpiut theliLe about the Ij of .\uL;u>t for Dciii^al.i. The ■i(^\/i^ .'A , William Barrcf. M. lohn Euesham. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 417 The voyage passed by sea in'o Acgypt, by lohn Euesham Gentleman. Anno 1586. Tile 5 of Dorembcr 1586 wc departed from Grauesend in the Tiger of London, wherciit was Ma-itcr vndcr God for the voyngc Robert Rickman, and the 21. day at night we came to the Isle of Wight : departing from thence in the morning following we had a fpire winde, so (hnt nn the '27 day wee came in sight of the rocke of Lisbone, and so sayling along we came in sight of the South Cape, the 2'J of the same, and on the morrowe with a Westerly winde we cnfrcd the straights : and the second of lanuary being as high w? Cape de Gate, we de- parted from our flcetc towards Argicr. And the 4 day we arriued at the port of Argicr afore- said, where we staled till the first of March. At whidi time we set saile toward^ a place called Tunis, to the Eastward of Argicr 1(X) league icre we arriued the 8 of the same. This t.„„;,_ Tunis is a small citie vp 12 miles from the sc.i, uid at the port or rode where shipping doe ride, is a castle or fort called Goletta, sometimes in the handes of the Christians, but now of the Turkcs ; at wliich pKicc we remained till the third of Aprill : at which time wee set saile towardcs Alexandria, and hailing sometime faire windes, sometime contrary, we passed on the 12 dav bctwccnc Sicilia and Nfalta (where neere adioyning hath beene the fort and holdc of the knights of the Rhodes) and so the 1!) day we fell with the Isle of Candy, and from (hence to Alexandria, where wc arriued the 27 of April, and there continued till the 5 of October. The said citic of Alexandria is an ( >ld thing decayed or ruinated, hauing bene a faire and great Th« d««i|>iior» citie neere two miles in length, being all vauted vnderneath for prouision of fresh water, of AUundiii. whirh water cdmmcih thither but once euery ycerc, out of one of the foure riuers of paradise (as it is termed) called Niiiis, which in .September floweth neere eighteenc foote vpright higher then his arcustomed manner, and so the bankc being cut, as it were a sluce, about tliirtv miles from .Mcxaiidria, at a towiie called Rossctio, it doth so come to the saide Citie, with such aboundance, that barkcs of tweliic tunnc doe come vpon the same water, which water doth fill all the vaiits, cesiernes, and wcis in the said Citic, with very good water, and doth so conliiiuc fjood, till the next ycerc following: for they haue there very litle raine or none at all, yet haue they exceeding great dcwes, Also they haue very good come, and very pleniifiill : all the Counlrey is very hot, especially in the moneths of August, September, aiul October. \Uo within the saide Citic there is a pillar of Marble, called by the Turkes, Kill" I'haraoes needle, iV it is foure square, cucry square is Iwelite foote, and it is in height '.H) foote. Also there is without the walsof the said Citie, about twentie score paces, another niarl)Ie pillar, being round, called Pompey his pillar : this pillar standcth vpon a great square le to set the said pillar vpon the said square stone. The port of the said Citic is strongly fortificil with two strong Castles, and one other Castle within the citie, bein" all very \*ell planted with munition: and there is to the Eastward of this Citie, about iliree daycs iourney the citie of (irand Cayro, otherwise called Memphis: it hath in it by c.yr.'. report of the rej;isters bookes which we did .see, to the number of 2400 Churches, and is won- derfully populou'', and is one dayes iourney about the wals, which was iourneycd by one of 1 ur .\Iarriners for triall thereof Also neere to the saide citie there is a place called the l'\r;iiuides, being as I may well tcrme it, one of the nine wonders of the world: that is,. Miien seucrall places of flint and marble stone, foure s, and hearbcs ; to the Eastwards of Cayro, there is a Well, line miles nli', called Matri.i, and as tiicv say, when the Virgin Marie lied from Bi-lhleem, and c.une into .Egvpt, and licin^ there, had neither \vater, nor any other thing to susiaine them, bv t!ie prouiilonce of (Jod, an Augell came from heauen, and strake the gro\in.omic are st.uidiiig to this (l,i\. Alxi wc were at diners other places on the coast, as we came from Cayro, but of oilier anli<|iiitic. we saw but few. The towiie of Argier which was our lir>i ami List port, \\iiliin the sirci^liN standeth vpon the side of an hill, close \pon ihe sea shore : ii is \cr\ strong both bv sci ml land, and it is very well victualed with all manner ol I'ruilcs, bread and (isli good store, ai,,| very cheapc. It is inhabiied wiih Tiirkes, Moorcs, ami lewcs, and so are Ale\anilri.i ;in| Cayro. In this towne are a great uutnluT of Christian capliues, wlicrof there are of English- men onelv lifteene, from \\\\h\\ |)orl \*e sci sa\le low.irdes Eiigl.iml. the seueiiili nl lanuarie, Anno l.jST, and the .'{(( day of ihc s.ivd mmielli, we arriued al Darlinoutli on ilu- coast of England. The second voyage of M. Laurence AKUtscv, to ihe Cities of .Mexnndria, and Cavro ill .'\('|jypt. Anno L'>S(). I Embarked m\ selfe at Hristoll, in tlir llcniiles, a good ship of London, and set saile ilu' 21 day of Februarie, about ten of the clocke in ihe morning, liauing a nierrv wiiule: hut the 23 day, there arose a very great storine, and in the niids of ii we descried a small boatc of the burden of ten tumies, with foure men in her, in very great danger, who calleda maine for our helpe. Whereujxin our Master in:iscj)h >vas in pri- uc any sumine of iccrc liftic yanliN foresaide riuer ol )()te lhi(ke. Also licr S. Maries : \- tliis C'ilie is j;re:it •r by land, out of of l)reail, rooto. eailed Matria, anil .l!j{vpt, and bciii;; rouidence of (icul, e presently i'sucil d hide iheniseliic-, at an old Citie, all liere Hannibal and r tlu-re was, and i^ was brought vpim liis da\ . Also We 111' nther anli<|iiiii('~ within the slreinlii. \\>j both by sea nil li«li ncod store, ai;il are Alexandria an I liere an- of Knj;li^h d, the seuenih nl I Dartmouth on tin- ilevnndria, and on, and set saile tho a nierrv winde : hiii s(ried a small boatc anijjer, who called a md totike them into ned to Chepstow, la irmo, but the windr somewhat contrary : arch, we described a altare, but we spake whom we ihiU',dii very fast away, and f the roast of Har- the 'iJ of March, we mci M. Laur. Alderstij. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 419 met with the Conturinn of London which came from Genoa, by whom we sent letters to Kngland, and the foure men also which we fooke in, vpon the coast of England, before- mentioned. The 29 of March we came to Golcta a small Hand, and had sight of two shippes, which ooien. we indgcd to be of Kn^^hnd. Tuesday the fourth of April, we were before Malta, and l)eing there becalmed, onrMjiu. Maistcr caused the two ship boates to be had out, and they towed the ship, till wc were out of si^ht of the Castle of Malta. The 9 day of April we came to Zantc, and being be- Zamr, fore the towne, William Aldridge, seruant to M.ister Thomas Cordall of London, came aboord us, with whom our Master and twelue more of our company, thought to haue gone on shoare, but ihev could not be permitted: so we all came aboard againe, and went to I'alras, where we arriued vpon good Friday, and lay there with good cntcrtaincment at the vmik. Knglish house, where was ihe ("onsull Master Grimes, Halph Ashley, and lohn Doddington, who verv kinclK went with vs, and shewed vs the i)leasurcs of the towne. Ihcv brought vs to the house o!' the Cady, who was made then to vnderstand of the 20 Turks that wee had aboard, which were to goe to Constantinople, being redeemed out of captniitic. In sir I'rancis Drake in the West lndie>, and brought with him into England, and l)y order of the (lucenes Nfaiesiie sent now into their Countrcy. Whereupon the Cady coinmaunded them to be brought before him, that he might see them ; and when he had talked Willi them, and vnderstood howe strangely they were deliuered, he marueiled much, and admired the (Jiircncs Maiestie of England, who being but a woman, is notwithstanding of such power and renownr amongst all the princes of Christendome, with many other lii)noiiral)le wordes oT commending her Maiestie. So he tooke the names of those 20. Turkes, and recorded them in iheir great l)ookes, to remaine in perpetuall memory. After this, our foresaid rountrevmen brought mee to the Chappcl of S. Andrew where his tombe or sepulchre is, and the boord vpon which he was beheaded, which booni is now so rotten, that if any man oiler to cut it. it lalleth to |iow(ler, yet I brought some of it away with me. Vpon Tuesda\ in Easter weeke, wee set out towards Zante againe, and theSt. of April with much adoe, wee were all jierinitted to come on shoare, and I was caricd to the English house in /ante, where 1 was verv well entertained. The commodities of Zante arc Currants and i)\ le: the situation of the Towne is vnder a very great hill, vpon which standeth a very strong Castle, which commaundeth the Towne. .At Zante we tooke in a Captainc and Ifi. soiildiers, \>iih other passengers. Wee departed from Zante vpon Tuesday the 15. of A|)ril, and the next dav we ankered .it a small Hand, called Striualia, which is desolate of people, sauing asiiimiij. i'l-we religious men, who entertained vs well, without taking anv money: but of courtesie \ve bestowed somewhat vpon them for their maintenance, and then they gaue vs a couple of leaiie sheeiie, which we caried aboord. The last day of Aprill, wee arriued at Candie, at a Ond.f. Castle, called So\Klay, where wee set the Captaine, Souldiers, and •NLariners ashoare, which wee tooke in at Zante, with all their carriage. The second day of Mav wee set saile againe, and the fourth day came to the Islands of Milo, M>v- where wc ankered, and louiul the people there very courteous, and tooke in such necessaries Miio,'m"ni'je as we wanted. The Islands arc in my iudgement a hundred in number, and all within the'"""-'""' (impasse id' a hundred miles. '■"" "" The II. d,iv, the Chans, which is the greatest man there in •"."♦horilie, for certaine of- feiii.es done in a little Chaj)pell bv the water side, which they .saide one of our shippe had done, and imputed it to mee, because I was seeiie goe into it three dayes before, came to vs, ;uk1 made mm h a doe, so that we were i'aine to come out of oiir shippe- armed: but by three pieces ol' golde the brabliiig was ended, and we came to our shipjie. This dav wee also set «aile, and the next dav passed by the Castle of Serpcto, which is an old ruinated thing, and ..tandelli vnder a hiU side. The !.'{. dav we jiassed by the Island of Paris, and the Island of the bankcs of Helicon, and the Island called Ditlcr, where are manv boares, and the woincn bee witches. The same day 3\\'l also ;ll iii > tV' A^ M ■ Mi I -K 420 Sinfonliii. Bichicri. Th« Engliih housr in Akw* andfia. Thf moBu- mentt of Alri* andriA. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, iU. Laurence Altknt}/. also wee paned by the Castle of Tino, standing vpon a very high mountainc, and nccre vnto it if) the Island of Diana. The 15. of May, wrc came toSio, where I stayed thirtie and three dayc*. In it itt a very proper Townc, after the building of that Counlrcy, and the people arc ciuil : and while wc were here, there came in sixe Gallics, which had bene at Alexandria, and one of them which was the Admiral, had a Prince of the Moores prisoner, whom they tookc about Akxamlrin, and they meant to present him to the Turkc. The townc Ntandcth in a valley, and a Innj; the water side pleasantly. There are about Sili. windc-mils about it, and the commodities of it arc cotton wooll, cotton yarne, mastike, and some other druj;s. As we remained at Sio, there grew a great controucrsie bctwcenc the mariners of the Hercii- les, and the Grcekcs of the Townc of Sio, about the bringing home of the Turkcs, which the Greekcs tookc in ill part, and the boycs cried out. Vine cl Kc Piiilippc : whereupon our mm beate the boycs, and ihrcwe stones, andsoa broilc bc^nnnc, and some of our men were hurt: but the Grcckcs were fctcht out of their house, and m:uia('lcd together with yrons, nnij thrcatncd to the Gallics: about fourlic of them were sent to the prison, and what bccninr o| them when we were gone, wc know not, for we went thence within two dayes after, whiih wai the 19. of lunc. The 20. day wee passed by the Island of .Singonina, an Island risen by the casting of stoiic« in that place : the substance of the ground there is brimstone, and burncth sometimes so much that it bloweth vp the rockcs. The 24. of lunc wee came to Cyprus, and had sight in the way of the aforcsaldc si\c Oal- lies, that came from Alexandria, one whereof came vnto \s, and rcipiircd a present for liim- sclfe, and for two of the other (iallics, which wc for «piictnc.ssc sake gauc them. The 27. of lunc, wee came to Tripolie, where I stayed till the fift of Inlv, and then tntikr passage in a smal barke called a Caramusalin, which was a passage boat, and was bound t'cr Bichieri, thirtccne miles on this side Alexandria, which boatc was Iraighted with Turkc Moores, and lewes. The 20. day of luly, this barke which I pas.scd in ranne vpon a rocke, and was in vcr\ great danger, so that wc all began some to be ready to swinime, some to Icapc into the shipjif boatc, but it plca.scd God to set vscpiickly oH" the rocke, and without much harme. The 28. of luly I came to Bichicri, where I was well entertained of a Icwe which w;ls the Customer there, giuing mc Muskat. The '^(». day there was kept a great fe.ist of the Turkes and Moores, which lasted two dayes, and for a day they ncuer ce;i»cd shooting ofl' of great Ordinance. From Alexandria I sailed to Argicr, where I lay with M. Typton Consull of the English 'rii» Ensii.ii n.ition, who vscd me most kindly, and at his ownc charge, llee brought mcc to the kings AiBift," Court, and into the presence of the King, to see him, and the mancrs of the Court : the King doeth onely bearc the name of a king, but tho greatest goucrnment is in the hands of the souidicrs. The king of Potanca is prisoner in .\rgier, who comming to Constantinople, to acknow- ledge a duety to the great Turke, was betrayed by his ownc nephew, who wrote to the Turke, ihathce went onely .%s a spy, by that meancs to get his kingdome. I heard at Argier of seiien (jallies that were at that time cisit away at a towne called Formentcra : three of them were of Argicr, the other foure were the Christians. Wc found here also IJ. Eiigiishincn, wliirh were by force of weather put into the bay of Tuni.s, where they were very ill vscd by tlic .\Ioores, who forced them to Icaue their barkc: whereupon they went to thcCouncell of Argier, to require a redrcsse and remedy for the iniurte. They were all belonging to the shippe called the CJolden Noble of London, whereof Master Birde is owner. The Master was Stephen Hasclwood, and the Captaine Wmond Bence. The thirde day of December, the pinnessc called the .Mooncshinc of London, came to Argier with a prize, which they tooke vpcui the coast of Spainc, laden with sugar, hides, and ginger: the pinnesse also belonging to the Golden Noble : and at Argier they made sale both of shippe and goods, where wee left them at our comraing away, which was tlic seucnth day of lanuarie, and i \ hi- h 1 1 ■'i 4'2*i VOYAGES. NAIIIC.ATIONS, I'tuht In llw f.eunni. and ihf firm day of February, I lai)dcd at Darlinoiith, and ihc RCncnih day came to London, \Mth hninl)lr ihanki-*) to Alnii^htic (iod, lor my ^a^c nrriiiall A true report of a worlliv (inlil. performed in the voyage from Turkic, by due Shipt of London, anain»t II. (ialliex, and two frijjuts of the Kin« of Spaines, at I'aniabrea within the Slreinhli* Anno, l;»H(i Written by Philip lonct*. Tile Marrhints of London. beiuK of the incorporation of the Turkey tiulc, hauini; rc- ( eiued inteilijjcmiex, and ailuertitement'*, from lime to lime, that the Kinj; of Spaine Kriidf;. in){ at the prosperilie of ihi^ kin^dome, had noi onely of late arrested al KnuJinh thip*. |)„. ilitN, and Koods in Spaine, but aJMi maliKnin;; the cpiiet tralil nieanes, to interiept, take, anti H|)oile them, their pcr-Kint, and jid.uU ihev hereii|)on ihoiijjhl it their be-t (diirte to set out their llcte for Turkic, in i|ioii "il, and ahililie fi.r their defence, that the purpose of their Spani-ih eiieinic inijjht the beilcrlic preiiciiteil, aii«hip|ie>., apperi.iinin^' to London, and iiitendiii'^ oiielv a Mar- chaiit>i\oyaj;e, were priuiidcd and furni*he»l with all thinns belonuin;; to iheSe?«; the iiann , thereof were lliese: 1. The Marchaiil Iloval, a \crs brauc ami ^ood >thippe, ami of jjreat report. 2. The Tobie :i The I'.dward Honauenture. 4. The William, and lol»n. .') fhe Sii«aii. Tlie«ie line departin:; from the coast of Ln^iland, in the moneth of Xoiieinber l.'iH.j. Li", li';;eiher .is one ileeie, til ilicy came a» lii!;h as the NIe of Sicile, within the Lenant. And ihcrr accordini; to the order anas lo nteeie al /.iiite, an Nl.uul neere to the inaine continei.l of the West pnrt of M.iii well knowen of all the I'llots, \ ihoiiyhi to be the littesi place of their Heiideuoii... ('ntu i,,,. ill"; which meetiiiu', it was aKo < ouenanted on eche si ihrrr had not bcnr Innft in ihc liniirn, (nil ihr I'duaril HonnuoMliirr iiUo, to^cthri' with tin* Siman hrr coMmirl, were Cdnic from \'iMii(«' with tlii'ir liiilirif;, tin- »ii{lit of wlioni increased ilio ioy of the rest, .iiul llicv n() loic gl.ul ol' ilii- iirrNi'nrc of ilic oiIuth, Niilntrd thcni in nmsi IriciKlly and kindc nutt, arcordiiif; lo ihi- inanrr iif llir Seas: and wlirrcas sonir of tlirsc -iliipH Htoodr nl that instant in sonu' want of victiiaN, tlirv wtTf all cnntfiit to stay in llic |iort, till ilu" ncccNitilicM of cch bliippc wcri* Hiippljrd, and initiiiii}; wiinti'd In »t't out for their rriiirnc. In this port of Z inic, the iipwrs w.w fic^h and cnrrant, of two snicrall armies and IIctIcs priuiidrd l)v ihc kiii|; of Spainc, and Ivin^ >n w'aite lo intrrccpt (honi : ihi- one (onsisiinj^r III' ,'l(), !nc, Lt.( 'l',t Fiii; .,i!i •liippes, and no (lonl)i made their arconipt and snre reckoning; that not a '''ppr . niid V\ ',te iheii Inrie. And the npinion aUn of the iidi.diilants of the NIc nl'/anie vas ,hii >t n ^ipeci 111 the numluT •'!' dallies in hnih these armies, liauin}; receiiied such • u-i ij/lM eon ,-)a. «;''iiu'i' '. Iron) the l>in<;, our shl|)s :nid nten licinK but few, and little in comparison of th 'i i, \r wn"! a ihinj! in hinnane reason impossible, that wee shoidd passe either wilhoiii n|'.>!liM;t, if we rr- Kisteil, or without i innpusiiion .it the least, and .k knowledneincnt .if diictio (■■; ilu: Ji;v)«v.,h koii:. Hill it was neither llie report of the allendaiK e ot these armies, nor l^e ! 'Jt the people, nor anv thiiif; else, that r, \.|tii ){i' imcl- iiv; ihemsfhies \ |mmi the ;;ootliu'»-e of their cause, and the promise (>^ jo.l, to ' ei rieliiivrcd I'roin sill !i as without rcisuii souj^hl their destruction, caried r"s'.'i.(e Hci'df-, iu>Hv!?.V"!.iiia- in;; all iiiipediiiieiils to adiieiiliirc throu;;li ihe Seas, and to lin. !■ llieir .N.ii.iu.'.tio:), mvi^cc the be.irds of the Spanish ^oiildiers. Mm least they should jeeme to) ;iivicsse, and t(v Mire (if their est.ile, and b\ l.isinj; the s« hole and entire burden of lhe:r call »ic \|vonCii '•< IM.-Iii- (leme, should foolislilv presume .illiif;elher of his lulpe, ni'.d ueu'ect the niea;n's iiiii v.* put into their haiide-<, thev f.iih'd not to enter into Cdiinsell amoi>;( theinsclnes, aid to .ii'iibe- rile adiii'cdU for their l>e»t deli'iicc. And in the end with !;ciierall 'luiM'iit, li-f Mircl'.ant lln\all «as :ip|)oinled Admirall of the (leele, and llie I'obie \ ii eadmiral, by wlwisc orders liie rest prnini-cd to be diiected, and ei h sbippc M)wed not to bre.ike from aiuwlxr. ",vli;il>\itnicr I Aire iiiiiie sIiduKI fill out, but In st.uul to it to the death, for the honour ■•' llicir ('ouiiirov, .ind the frii-lialiiii; of the hope of llie ambilioii-. and proud enemie. Thus ill yood oriiiT thev leli /anir and ilie Castle of (ira-cia, and rormr'Hitl ibi'n'.sehu'j tmaiiie to the Seas, and |ir('i ceded in llieir course .iiid voyage in iiiiicliics, wiuuuit •. -'it »' ;.nv ciuiiiie, till they ca'iie lucci" to I'.Milai.iiea, .in NIaiid so called, betwixt Sirilie^ .iini ihr ,,i;i. And the same .l,v v"i the iivirning alumt 7. if the eiocke thev liescied ',.i. sailes in number, which were of the dailies, Kiiij; in wailc of purpose for them, in and about that place. .Xs so'iiie as the Fi''- 'ii-h ships had spied iliem, iliey by and by aciordiin; ton coniinoii . rdc maJo ilie:iis»'liie9 rcadv for a liuht, l:i\c(l out llieir Ordinance, scoured, charged, a-id prime^i ihcin, (iis,ili.v«'d liieir eii»i;;nes, and leli noiliinn Midone to arnie themselues throd^lil;, . In (he mi im ;inu', the (i.ilhcs more and more ajiproclied the ship«, ami in their l)iiin'.'r> l! .Ti- .ippearcri r!ie .nrincs of the Nles of S'.iiJi.i, ,iiid Malta, beiiii; all as then in the >eruic,' tiv' p. y of tl c Spa- niard. Immedially, both the .\dinirals of tlio (iailies sent from ed; ol them i iriL'a'i', 'n the Admiral of our l',n;;lish sbijis, which beiii}; come neere ihei". t'le Sr ilian f'i';at tirst hailed ihcin, and demanded of ilicin wheiue they were? T' ey .'iiswcu'd that they wf.re of Kn- uland, the amies whereol a|)peared in their 'dloiirs. Wh'. ■■. ipon tf.' <>\i\c fri^^at expostulated \\ilh ihrni, .ind asked .nIu they delayed lo seni'r (),• «o,ac with their Caplaiiies and pursers to Don I'edro de I.eina their Cimevall, to ack.i :.vkd;;e their duty and obedience to him in the name of tlie Spanish kin;;, I.ord of t'lcso sci«? Our men replied, and said, that they owed no such iluetie iioruliediencc tohiivi, and tiicrefore would acknowledge none, but commanded liic h- \ iM 111 f .1 ■ ' f , f('!\^M 4*21 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Fight in the Leunnl. the fr ;;at todcpnrf with thatanswcrr, and not to stay lona;rr abrabling, vpon her pcrill. Wiih that a\vav she went, and vp comes towards them the other frigat oT Malta, and shec in hke sort hailed the Admiral, and wonid needs know whence they were, and where they had bene. Our Englishmen in the Admirall, not disdaining an answere, tolde theiti that they were of England, Marchants of London, had bene at Turkie, and were now returning home: and id be re(|«ifed in this case, they also demaiindod of the frigaf whence she and the rest of the gul- lies were : the mep-senger answered, we are of Malta, and for mine ownc ;)arf my name is Canallero. These gnllies arc in seriiicc and pay to the king of Spaine, vnder the eondiut nf Don Pedro dc Leiua a noble man of Sp:iine, who hath bene comniandwl hither by the Kin;^ with this present force and aniiie, of p'.irpose to intercept yon. You shall therefore ((|ui.ili he) do well to repaire to him lo know his pleasure, he is a noble man of good behauioiir and courfesie, and meanes von no ill. The C'aptaine of the English Admiral, whose n:iine was M. Edward Wilkinson, replioil and said. We purpose not at this lime to make triall of Jjdn Pedro his conrtesie, whereof we arc suspilioiis and donbtful, and not without good i aiisc: vsing withall good words to the messenger, and willing hiin to come aboord him, promisinf •ecnrilie and good vsage, that thereby he miizht the better knowe the Spaniards minde: wlurc- upon hee in deed left his frigaf, and came aboord him, whom hee intertained in friendlv Mirf, and caused a ciippe of wine to be drawnc for him, which he tooke and bei;anne, with hi, cap in his hand, anil with reuerend tcrines to drinke to the health of the Qncene of l'.ni;l.n:ii|, speaking verv homiurablv of her Maiestic, and fining good s|)eeches of the courteous Nv.ij-e and interteincment that he himselfe had receincd in London, at the time that the duke if Alenson, brother to the late French king was last in England: and after he had well druiikc, hee tooke his leaue, speaking well of the sufliciencie and gocMlnessc of our shippes, ;iMd e<[i,'. ciallv of the Marchant Royal, which he confessetl to hauc scene befnre, riding in the Tli;iiiic, iieere London. He was no sooner come to Hon Pedro de Leiua the Spanish general. Imt |i,- was sent off againe, and returned to the E.nglish Admirall, sa\ing that the pleasure of liu Generall was this, that either their Caplaines, Masters and Pursers should come to him with .speed, or else hee wouKl set vpon them, and either take them or siuke them. The rej)|\ was made bv M Wilkinson af resaid, tiiat not a man >houId ( ome to him ; and for the I)ni;i;i and threat of Don Pedro, it was not that Spanish hr.iuado that should make them yecKI :i i i to their hinderance, but they were as ready to make resistance, as he to dder an iniiiri.. Whereupon C'aiiallcro the me-senger left bragging, and began to persn.ule ihem in cpiiei>'ri and \»iih manv wordes, but all his labour was to no piupose, and as his threat did nuiliir:, lerrilie them, so his perswasion did nothing mooue then) to doe that wliidi hee requirnl. At the la-t he intrealed to haue the Marchant ,(T the .\dmirall c.nied bv him as ;i messenger 1 1 the Generall, that so he might be sati«lied, and assured of their mindes by one of their ihmio company. Hut M. Wilkinson would agree to no such thing, alihough Iticli.ird Howit the ii:,ir- ihaiit himselfe seemed willing to bee imployed in that niessaue, and laboured 1)\ re.ison.ilili' perswasions to induce NL Wilkinson to ;;nninl it, as hoping to be an o(< asion bv his pie-ciicc and discreet answeres to satislie the Generall, and therein to sane the ellu-ion of ("hri>i;.i:i l)!ood, if it >.hould grow lo a battel. .\nd he seemed so much the more willing to be miu, bv how much deeper the oihes and protestations of this Cauallero were, that he would ; .i- licr wa« ,1 true knight and a sonldier) deliiier him backe againe in ".afelie to bis < (nnpanv. .Mhc ii, M. Wilkinson, which by his long experience had receiued sunicient triall of S|)aui-li iimii- sl.nicie and perinrie, wished him in no case to put his lift- and libertie in hazard vrxm a Sjw- niards othe. Hut at last, vpcm much inireatie, hee xeelded told him go to the (li ii< i;il, thinking in deed, that good speeches and answeres of reason would haue conti-nieil iiiiii, whereas otherwise rcfiisall to do so, might peradneiiliire haue prouoked the more discontent- nieiit. ^^. JJowit therefore passing to the Spanish Generall, the rest of the Galiies hauing espicil him, thought in deed that the English were rather determined to veelde, then to fight, .ind therefore came flocking about the frigat, euery man cr\ ing out. Que inienas, que luieii.is, Haue these Englishmen yeclded? the frigate answered, Not so, ihcy neither haue, nor purpn^e to ght in the Leuanl. Fight in the Lcnant. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 435 to vccid, oncly they haiie sent a man of their company to spcakc with our Gcnerall : and be- injj ronic lo the Gallic wherein he was, he shewed himselle (o M. Rowit in his armour, his (;uard of sonldiers atfendiiijr vpon him in armour also, and he<;an lo spcakc very proudly in this sort : Thou Englishnian, fnmi whenec is your llcctc, why stand ye aloofe ofl', knowe ye niit your (luetic to the Catholitjue Kinj;, whose person 1 here represent ? Where are your liilles of hulinu;, your letters, pasports, and the eliiefc of your men? Thinke ye my attendance in these si'as lo be in \aine, or my person to no jiurpose ? Let al these things be doiu- oiit of hand as I command, vpon paine of my furiher displcasureand ihcspoyle of you all: These wordes of the Spanish (ienerall were not so outrapiously ])ron(ninced as they were mildly answered bv M. Rnwit, who lolde him that ihey were al Marchantn\en, vsing tralique in ho- nest s( rt, and seeking to |)asse <]uielly, if ihey were not vrfjed further then reason, As for the kiiiu; of S|)aiiie, he ihouj^ht (for his part) ilial tiiere was amiiie betwixt him and his So- uerei^Mi- the (iucene of Iviinland, so that neither he nor his oflicers should goe about to olfer an\ such iniurie to Knulish Nfarchanls, who as they were farre from giuing ofli;nre to any man, so they would be loath to lake an abuse at the handes of any, or sit downe to their lossc, where their abilitie was able to make defenre And as touching his eommandement afore- saide, fcir ihe acknowledging of duetie, in such particular sort, he told him, that were there was no diu'lie ov/inj;, there iu)Me should be j)erforined, assuring him that their whole company and shippcs in generall stood residiitclv vpon the negatiue, and would not yeelJ to anv such vnrcisonabic deinaiuid, iovned with siuh imperious and absolute maner of conunaoiling. Whv then, «aid he, if they wil neither come to yeeld, nor shew olicdience to me iii the name of my king, I wil either siuke them or bring them to harbor, and so tell them lioin me. With tliat the fri>; it came auav with M. Rowit, and brought hini aboord the Enulish Admiral njjaine according to promise : who was no sooner entred in, but by and by deliancc was scaiiided on both siile-: llie Spaniards hewed oH'the noses of the Ciidlies, that no- thing niis^hl hinder the leiiell of the shut, and the English on the other side couragiously pre- pared lhem»ehies to the cnmbat, etuTV man according to his roome, bent to performe his of- liie wiih alacritie anil diligence. In the meane time a Cannon was ischarged from the Ad- mirall c f the g.illies, wliii h being the onset cl the light, was |)rcsenilv answered bv the En- o\\>\\ Admirall \>ith a C'uluering : so the skirmir-h be^an, and grew hot and terrible, there was no powder nor shot s|iareil : c( h laigli-h ship mat( hed it sclfe in good order against two Sp.nli^h Ci.dlio, bf-iiles tlie inequalitie of the lrig,its on ihe .S|)aniards side : and allhc ugh our men perfornu'd their p,nls with singular valiire ac icirding to their strength, insomuch that the enemie as ainaNcd therewith would oftentimes pause and slay, and consult uhat was best lo he done, vet they ceased not in the midst of their l)usinesse lo make j)raver lo Almighty CJod the reuenger of al cuils, and the giucr of victories, that it would plea«e him lo assist ihem ill ihat good ipiarell of theirs, in defending iheinsdues against so proud a tyrant, lo teach their handes to w.irre, and their fingers to light, that the glory of the victory might reihnind III his Name, and lo tiie honor id' true Religion uhiih tlie in-olciu enemie soiulil so mucli to (iiu'rihrowe. C'ontrarily, the fooli>h .Sjiani.irdes cried oi.t according to tiieir niancr, not to (iod, l)ut to our l.ad\ (a> llicy lerine the virgin Mar\ ) saying () I.adv helpe, O blessed Lady jziiic vs the victory, and the honor thereof s!i:iUic tiiinc. Thus with blowes \ pravers on both sides the tight conliinicd I'uricuis and >liarpe, and doiiblfiill a long lime to which part the viclurie would incline: lil at the i,ist the Admiral of the Ci.illies of Sii ilie began lowarpe from the fii;hl, and lo holde yp her side for leare oi" -iiikini;, and alter her went also two otiiers in like tasr.whom al ihe sort of them inclosed, hibouring l)y all their ineanes to keepe them aboue water, l)''ing ready by the force of Eiigli-h shot which ihcv had receiued to perish in the seas : iS: wliat slaughter was ilone amoriL' llie Spaniards llleln^elues, the English were vnccrtaine, but by a |)n)bable conieiture apparant afar oM', they supposed their lo«se was so great, that they wanted men to continue the charging of their pieu's : whereupon with shame and dishonor, Afighioftmt idler ,i. houres spent in the battel, they withdrew ihein-elues ; and the Ijiglish contented in '""'"' respect id' their deepe lading, rather lo continue their voy.ige then lo follow the chase, ceas- ed from further blowes; with tlie lo»se oiiely oi two men slaine amongst iheni all, and another vui.. II. J I hurl riin'ii),, AT'' :fl)Wl ;t^'-A;rlfi'«i, 426 VOYAGFS, NAUIGATIONS, Fight in the Leitant. The «prond inp in w;)itr hurt in his armr, whom ^(. Wilkin-ion with his );0(ul words ami fiiciitlly promises did so com- fort, that he notliiiii; esteemed the smart of his wound in rcspcet of the honour of the victory, :ind the >hameriil repulse of the enemy. Thus with (hielilul thankes to the merry of God for his gracious assistanre in that danger, the Kngiisli shi|)s proceeded in their Sanitation, and eomniini; as high as Ali.',er, a port toKne vpnn tiie cnast of liarharv, they lell with it, of pinpose to refresh themselues after liieir weari- lu'sse, ami to take in siieh supply ent a messenger to the ships to kiunve what they were, with which me-:>ei)_er the chicle master of ech shi|)pc re])urc(l to the kini:, and accpi.iintcd nim not - jieaccalilenes'-c: only such ])risoners and ca|)iiiics dC the Spaniards as were in the Citie, seeing the gnod \-age which thev receiiied, and h(an;;;r also what seruice thoy had perfrmed against the foresaide (iailies, gnulged excee(iini;K agai; st them, and sought as niiuh as they could to |)raciise some mis( iiiefe against them : arnl one amongst the rest seeing an l:iig'ishman alone in a certaine lane of the ("itie, came \ii,.;! him siuldinU. and with his knife thrust him in the sjde, yet made no such great wound, liji that it was easiU recouered. file l".nglish Ci'inpany hearing of it, acquainted the king un'i the fut, who uumedialK sent Imlh fnr the party that had receiiied the wound and the (illcin!- cr also, aiul caused an exec utioner in the presence of himsellc and the Knglish, to clia»li>o tliC slaue <"uen to death, which was performed to the eiide that no man should presume to commit the like part, or to doe any thing in conteiupf if his royal < ommandement. The F.nglisli liauing rereiued this good iustice at tlie kings hands, and al other things ih:ii they waited, or could criue for the furnishing of their shi])|)es, tooke their leaue of him, and of the rest of their frieniles, that were resident in Alger, and ; :l out to Sea, lookiii- i' meele with the second ariin of the Spanish king, which waited for lliem about the iiioiuii ii the Straights i'\' Ciihrallar, which thev were of iiecessitie to passe. Hut eomming neerr i ■ the said .Streighl, it jileased (iod to r.iise at that iiist.inta \ery ilarke and misiie fogge, sn thai one ship (oiilile not diseerne another, if it were 44). |)aces ojl': l)s meaues whereof, togelhir with the notable fiire I'.asterni- winds that then blewe most lit for their course, they p.T.snl with great speed thnnigh the Siriiuht, .'iiid might haue passed with that good gale, had |iiorc bene ,"»()(( (i.diies to withstand them, and the aire neuer so i leare for eiiery shi|) to he seeiif. Hut vet the Spanish (iailies had a sight of them when they were come within ,'j. Knglisji iiiilis 'f„,"of tlie towne, and made after them in all possible haste, and although thev s.iw tli.U l!'.(\ were farre out of their reach, vet in a \aine furv .ind foolish pride, they shot otV their Onl • nance, and made a siirre in the ,Se.i as if thev had bene in t!ie midst of them, which v.iniMi' ol theirs ministred to our men notable ni.itter of pleasure and mirth, seeing men to lis;lii with shadowes, and to take so great paines to so small |)urpose. J!ut thus it pleased (iod to ihride, and delude all the forces of that ])roud Spanish kin; which he h jil prouided of pur|)o.e to distresse the laiglish, who notw iilistam''ng pas.»ed thr(i;ii:!i both his .\r'iiies, in the one, little hurt, and in the other nothing touched, to the glory of In immortall Name, the honour of our I'riiu <■ and Countri'y, ami the iusi i inumendaiion of 1 1 i mans seriiice |)crfornied in that vovage. The relurne of Master William Il.uhoriie from Constantinople oner land to London I ;>ss. I Departed from Constantinople with .'{0. persons of m\ suit and family the .'{.of .XiigiM. Passing through the Countries of Thracia, now called Koiuania the great, Valachia \ .M'l- daili.i. Jit in the Lcuant. misps did so com- mr of the victory, re ill that danger, I'.'.cr, a port Inwiu- s alter ilu'ir wcifi- li'il ; ihey were mi cn^T'T til t!ic ships siiipjic rci)iin'(l to ct ot'niarchaiuli/r, iij; ciicry pailii ul.ir lim-i'lie iii.iriii'liiiiis of all their w;int<, all ol what (lii;ric allaires, nr to nlKr lispalclied al tliiiv.N ler-i and ia|)lin('s ( f ceiued, and h(:iri: ^ riuljicd exrccdinjK e against them : aiul !H' Ciiie, canip \]ip;; eh ureat woinul, 1m. i liiitcd the kint; \mIi dimd and the ull'tin!- f I'.nfjli^h, to (luMi.e n •"hoiiK'. presimii' i> landcment. il al other thiii!;< ihi: e their leaiie ol' Inn!, mt to Sea, Irxikiiiu i ■ n ahout the inoiiih 1 1 lit roniining iieerr I ' I mistie I'oijpe, sm ih.ii lies whereof, icuiil.i: • eoiirse, they pa«-t I : jjood sjale, had I'lcri' iierv ship l<> he ^iin ilhiii '.i. Knu'li^h miles h llu-v saw tint li:i'\ •V shot oil' their Onl • r iheni, whirh vaiii'u' I, si'i-ini; men to li;;lii proud Spanish kinc. laiu'Miji passed thriiii!;h led, to the <;lor\ of Ir* I iiniineiidation ol «'i > er kind to London mily the .'{.of Aiii;"^'. rcat, Valaihia «.V M"l- dam.i, .V. mi. Harborue. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 427 daiiia, where ariiiing the 5. of September I was according to the Grand Signior his commande- nier.t \ery courteously intcrteincd by Peter his posiiiue prince, a Greeke by profession, with whom was eoneludcd that her Maicsties sub'-^cls there traliquing should pay but three vpon the Inindretli, whicli as well his owiic Subiects as all othc" i.alions answcrc : whose letters to her Nfaiest.e be extant. Whence I proceeded info I'olriid, where the high Chanccler sent for nice llie 27. of tlie same nioneth. And after most hoiiora' le intertainment imparted with me ill secret niaiier tlie late passed and present occurrents ,: that kiiigdonic, & also ho writ to her M.iiesiie. Tiu'iice I hasted viiio Killing, where the 1'2. of October I was most frieodly welcomed by the Senate of that Citv, whom I finde and iiidge !o he faithfully denoted to her Mae-ties sdiiice, whose letltis likewise Mito the s:ime were presented me. No lesse at Dant/ik il e 41. of th:!t nioiielh I was courteously receiued liy one of the Biiroiighmasters accompanied with two others of the Senate, & a Ciuil doctor their Secretarie. After going through tlie land of I'oiner I re-ted one day at Stetin, where, lor that y duke was absent, nothing ensued. At Hostoke I passed through the Citie without any stay, and at Wismar receiued like friendly greeting as in the other places ; but at lubeck, for that I came late and departed early in the iiioriiiiig I was iu)l visited. .\t Hamburg th<; li). of Nouembrr, and at Stoad the ninth of Diicinlu'r in like inaoer I was ^aiiiled bv a lioroughmaslcr and liie Sei retaiie, and in all these places they |)resented inee sundry sorts of their best wiiie and fresh lish, euery of them with a long dis('oiir-.c, coiii'.n.tulating, in the names of tlieir whole Senate, her .Maiestics vict( ry oucrthe Sj.uii.ii'd, and in\ sale reriinu', cone liding with oiler of their readv seruice to her (iiliire di-pi'sini;. Yet the Daiil/iks .il'icr mv departure tlieiice caused the .Marchants to pay ciisioinc lor the ^oixls tliev Lroiight with them in mv cumpaiiv, which none other towiie nei- ther IiiliJels 111 r Chii^iiims on \ 'vav eiier demaiuled. An.d notwithstanding the premisses, 1 was mo-t certainly informed of smidrv of our ii:ition there resitccmed well allecied. The priiiilege of Peter the Prince of .Middaiiia graunted to t!ie l^nglish Marcliant-. PKtriis Dei gratia princeps Valachi.-u i"v Mo'daiii.e ; signilii ainiis pnesentibiis, vniuersis ^; sinuiilis (pioniin iniere-l ac iiitererit, (pioil cum niagn:li<-o di iiiino (iuiliclino llareborne ora- liiic SereiiissiiiKc ac poicLti-sinue dominie, doinii;.e Kli/abetlue Dei gratia .Vii'^li.e, Francia.-, ac Ilihernlie Hegina- apud Serenissimiiin ar poientissimum Tiircaruni Imiieralorcm hanc 1 iinsiitut.oiiem leccriimis : Nimiriini \t dihinc si;;e Sercnit itis siibilitis, (uniiibiiscpic nier- ilorilnis iiilegruin sit lie in prouimi.i nostra commorandi, comiersand!, mercaiuli, ven- Irahenilupie, iiiio omnia exenendl, (pNe mereatma' ac vita' huma'i.e societas nil' \ ll.i .ilieuiiis coiiir.uiirii ■no, aut inliibitiov.c : saliio ac iiilcLrro tameil hoc c«t, \t a singulis rebus icniiiin due.it. mm prelij. tri s iiiimercnt. lostra lialieri Miliinuis. l,i cuii Miniii, sji^illiun iHistiiiin apprc.s-um c^l Tilt If tttri of tht' Prince of Moldaiiiii to itie 1. ttiT- of ihe C.'iiiicdcr of l»ol.tiid to the i^cenc. rci II! mills testimo- ;7 meii-i.s .\ugusli, I a deiidi. con \-ii-iHie rei|iiiril, iiire lelonij im-'lri ; (Jui'.l r.itiim ac lirinum ( onstitutionc nostra lialieri Miliinuis. Al Hiin in castris iio-tii- die anno J>omini 1 j.sS. The same in I'.nglish. IM-ier by the grace of God prince of V.ilachia and Moldae.ia ; wcsignilie In tliese jirescnts luall and singuler persons, whom il doth or shall eoncerne. that we haue made this a>;i'ecment nitli the worthy •,entleinan William Ilarelurne Ambassador of the right high and mighty primi', the I.ady I'.li/abeth by the grace of (i.nl Ciiieiiie of liiiglaiul, Fiaiue and belaud, with the mesi piii-.«ant and miuhlie I.mperoiir of ilie finkes: To witte, that from hencefoorth II shalbc l.iwfull for her hi:;hne-»e Mibiects ,ii; " 3 I oil all her Man hauls, lo remaine, loniierse, bu\, 2 sel, . 1 Is 1:1 "■ r ■i : I it 4. I! . •U' m II ■ 'n-j'TU mi: ftp '' 'ji'' ■J -i ii'ii tf tin !l' .-;,* 'I "'-HI /'' i>; , / 111 II i^ 428 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Turks paimenti. ■el, bargaine and exercise all such things), as the trade of marchandise, and humane societie and vse rcquireth, without any hinderance or let : the right of our Custome alwayes reserued ; That is, that they pay three ducats vpon all such things as amount to the price of one hundred ducats. Which by this our ordinance we command to be surely and firmely obserued ; For the more assured testimony whereof, our seaie is hereunto annexed. Giuen in our Campe the 27. of the moneth of August in the yecre of our Lord 1588. A briefe extract specifying the ccrtainc dayly paimcnts, answered quarterly in time of peace, by the Grand Signior, out of his Treasurie, to the Ollicers of his Se- raglio or Court, succcssiucly in degrees : collected in a yeerely totall summe, as followeth. FOr his owne diet euery day, one thousand and one aspers, according to a former custome receiued from his auncestors: notwithstanding that othcrwis-" his diurnall expcnce is verv much, and not certainly knowen, which summe maivelh stt.iing money by the yere, two thous^and, one hundred, 92. pounds, three shillings, eight pence. The fiuc and fourtie thousand lani/.aries dispersed in sundry places of his dominions, at sixc aspcrs the day, amounteth by the yeere to hue hundrcth, fourescore and elcuen thou- sand, and three hundreth pounds. The Azamnglans, tribute children, farre surmoimt that number, for that they are collected from among the Christians, from whom betweene the yccres of si\c and twciue, thty are pulled away yecrelv perforce: whereof I suppose tliose in seruice may be equall in number with the Janizaries abouesayd, at three aspcrs a day, one with another, whirh is two hundred fourescore and iifteene thousand, sixc hundred and fil'tie pounds. The hue Ba.ssas, whereof the Viceroy is supreme, at one thousand aspers the day. besides their ycrely reueiuies, amounteth sterling by the yeere to ten thousand, nine hundred and fiftie j)ou.ids. The f: :c Beglerbegs, rhiefe presidents of Greece, Hungary and Sciauonia, being in Eu- rope, in Naiolia, and Caramania of Asia, at one thousande aspers the day : as also to eightcene other gouernours of Prouini es, at fine hundred .nspers the day, amounteth by the yeere, tti thirtie thousand sixe hinidred, aiul threescore pounds. The Ba.ssa, Admirall of the Sea, one thousand aspers the day, two thousand, one hundred foure score and ten pounds. The Aga of the lanizarics, generall of the footcmen, fine hundred aspers the day, and maketh by the yecre in sterling money, one thousand, fourescore and (ifteene pounds. The Iinbrahur liassa, Master of his horse, one luuidred and tiflic aspers the day, is sterling money, three hundred and eight and twenty pounds. The chicle Esiiuire vnder him, one hundred and fiftie aspers, is three hundred and cif;ht and twenty pounds. The Agas of the Spahi, Captaines of the horsemen, si.xe, at one hundred and fiftie a^pern to either of them, maketh sterling, one tliousand, nine hundred, three score and elcuen pounds. The Capagi Bassas head porters foure, one hundred and (iftie aspers to erh, and miketli out in sterling money by the yeere, one thousand, three hundred, and foureteene pounds. The Sisinghir B.issa, Controller of the housholde, one hundred and twentie aspers the liav, and maketh oi.t in sterling money by the yeere, two hundred, threescore and two ptiundcs, sixtccne slillings. The Chans Bassa, Ciipfaine of the Pensioners, one hundred and twentie aspers the day, and amouiittth to by the yeere in sterling money, two hundred, threescore and two pounds sixteci.e shillii'gs. The Capigilar Caiasi, Captaine of his B irge, one hunaiii' their )ccrelv annuitie of huuls. The Lord Chancellor is called Nissaiigi Bassa, who sonlclli with a cert.iine pro|)er characur such licences, >ale condu( ts, passeports. e-.pc( iail gi:iuiit«, \-c. as proceed from the (irar.d .Signior: notwithstanding all letters to forrcine princes so lirmed lie after inclosed in a l)aj;i;e, and s( lied bv the (irand .Si^nior, willi a -.i^nel which he ordinarily weareth about his nciko, credited ol'tium to hane bene ol ancient appcrtavning to king .Salomon the wise. The .Vdniirall giiiclh his voyrc in llie dcilion of all Hcg'i, Cipiaiiies of Maudes, to wlinin hee giuclh their charge, as also appointetli the .Subba'^sa^^, Bavlillcs or ("on>tal)lcs ouerCiiici and Townes vpon the Sea coa^les about Constantinople, and in the .\rchipelago, whereoriicf reapeth great prolit. The Subbassi of Fera payeth him \eerely (iftecnc thonsande dmat^, and so likewise eiihcr of the others accfmling as tliev are placed. The l{cssi?*lop serueth in dllice to llie \'i( erov and Ch.iiuellor, as Sccretar\ , and so likewise doeth the C igie Master oltlu- Mulls, bdorc which two, passe all writings pre«etited to. nr granted by tne said \'iceroy and Cliancellor, offices of especiall credile and like prolite, ninii- ouer rewarded with annuities of lands. There are .dso two chiefe Iud>;es named Cadi I.esker, the one oner Europe, and the oIIut ouer .\sia and .\frica, which in Court doe sit on the Ben< h at the lelt hand of llie Bassas. These sell all offices to the vnder ludges ijI the land called Cadies, whereof is one in euer\ Cillc .-r towne, before whom all matters in coiitruuersie are by iudgement decided, as also penalties and corrections for crimes ordained to be executed vpon the ollenders by the .SubbasM. The Turks officers. icir .summes d li. stcrlinsr. I so likcwi.si' cilhcr The Turkish garisons. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 431 The Ucglcrbcgs of •< > persons. The Bcglcrbcgs of ■< > persons. The number of Souldiers continually attending vpon the Beglerbegs the goiier- noiirs of Prouinccs and Saninciis, and their petic Captaines mainteiiied of these Prouinces. "GRaecia, fourtie thousand Biida, fiftcene thousand SciaiKinia, fiftcene thousand Natoliu, tifteene thousand Cnrninania, fiftcene thousand Armenia, cightccnc thousand Persia, twcntif thousand Vsdruin, fiftecne thousand Cliinista, fiftcene thmisniid Caracmiti, thirtie thousand (nersul, two and tliirtic thousand "Bagdat, fiue and twentic thousand Halsnra, two and twenty thousand Lassaija, scuentccne ihou-aiul Aiepo, fiue and twentic tiinu-and Damasco, seucntceiie thousand Cayro, tweiuc thousand Al)es, tweiiie thiusand \fccca, eight thousand Cyprus, ciijhtocnc tlioiisand Tunis in Harbary, ciy;lit thousand Tri polls ill Syria, cigiit thousand _AIgcr, fourlic thousand Whose Sangiacks and pciie Captaines be tlircc Innulicd siitic eight, cuery of which retain- ing coniiiuially in pay from fine huiulreih to two hundrcth Souldiers, may be one with another at the least, three hundrcth thousand persons. Chicfc officers in his Seraglio about his person. 'CAjjiign, IliL;h Porter. .Min.li T B.issi, Treasurer. Oda I! issi, Cluiinhcrl.iine. Killcr;;i B.issi, Steward. S;irai,iga, Coniplrollcr. IVskcrolen, (iroonic of liic chamber. i'(ln>toj;laii, (ici.tlcinan of tlic I^wcr. .>is riding cloakc. _I^!iiciaiag I, (iroonic -aiul pounds. .\loreoucr, in lime ol \sarre he exactcth nuniii'oldo summcs for maintenance of his Armie and Nauie uf the said Christians. The Be these < ■iim^^ 'if Hl':)^ . ^tr 1 rm<' ■ \]m . • J VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Let. to the Qiueur. The Emperour payelh him yecrely tributo for Hungary, threescore thniifiand dollcrs, whirh Is sterling thirteenc thousand pound, be-idcs presents to the Viceroy and Bassas, viiiich are said to surmount to twentie thuuMiid doliers. Amba'^sadors Allowances. THe Ambassadour of the Emperor is allowed one thousand Aspers the day. The Ambassadour of the French king heretofore enioyed the like: but of late yccrcs by meancs of displeasure conrciucd by Mahumel then Viceroy, it was reduced to sixc trowues the day, bcsiJc the prouision of his Esquicr of his stable. The Ambassadours of Poland, and for the state of Venice are not Ligiers as these two.ibouc. said. The .said Polack is allowed 12. French crownes the day during his abode, which may be for a moneth. Very scldome do the state of Venice send any Amba.s.sador otherwise, then enforced of vrgent necessity: but in stead thereof keepc their Agent, |)rcsident ouer other Marchants of them termed a bailife, who hath none allowance of the Grand Signior, althmij;h his port and state is in maner as magnilical as the other aforesaid ambas.sador9. The Spanish Ambassador was equal! with others in lanizaries: but for so much as he would not according to custoMie folow the list of other Ambaisadors in making presents to ^ Grand Signior, he had none alowance. His abode there was J. yeres, at the end whereof, hauing cOcludci a iriue for 6. yerc", taking |)Iace fro his Jirsf comming in Nouember last past 1580. he was not ad- mitted to the presence of the Cirand Signior. The letters of Sinan Bassa chiefe counsellour to Sultan Murad Can the Grand Sij;- nior, to the sacred Maiestieof Klizabelh Quoene of llngiand, shewing that vpon her request, and for her sake '•specially, hce graunted peace \nto the King and kingdomc of Poland. GLoriosisvima & splendore fuigidissima fii'minarum, selecifssima Princcps magnanimi^runi Iesvm seciantumi, regni iiu lyti Angliir Hegina Sereni.ssima Elixabetha, nuKleratrix renim k negoliorum omnium plebis & ramili.e Na/;ireniirum sapienlis^ilna; Origo spiendnris Ac nh>. riiu dulcissiina; nubes [)luuiaruni gratissima, lieres iV domina beatitudinis Si gloria* rc^ni inclvti Anglia? ; :i(i ((iiam omnes supplicc'* confiiginni, incrcnieniuni omnium renun & ac- tionum Serenitati-i vestra" beaiioirmim, e\itus(|iii' rorli(i>simos a ("reatore omnipotentc up- tantes, muuiat|U(- & pcrpefua familiaritate nostra (ligna\oln iV: laude-> sempiternas oderenlc*: Signilicamus .Scr. ve>lr,T aniicissimi' ; (itii:i sunt anni aliquot, a (piibus annis polcnlis-imi Ca-saroa celsiiiido bclla inctliibilia I'li C'asul-bas, Principe n('m|)e Persaruni gcssil ; raiimit quorum bellorum in jiartcs a!i;is |)rlifi munere noluil, ob eamque causam in pariibus Polmiiir latrones quidam Cosaci nuncupnti, tV alij ficinorosi in partiliiis illis e\istentes,!iul>dilos (';c- saris p()tcntis>^imi turbare & inlVstarc rion (li->.icrunt. Nunc autcn> jiarilbus Prrsicis ((iniixi- sitis iV ajjsolutis, in partibus Poioniu,' & :ilijs parlibiis exurgenfes I'acinorDsas punirc con-.ti- tuens, Ik-tjlerbegd (ira'cia- exercitu ali(|iu) adiuncto, & Prim ipi Tartaroruni mandaio ('.T<.iri« misso, anno proximt" pra-terilo pars aliqua Hegni P(doiiia.* infc-tata, turbati & deuastaia I'uii, & Cosaci alijq; facinorosi iuxia nieriia sua piiniti fuerunt. Quo rex Poionia; \iso duos le;;alcn ad Ca-sarea ccNitudinc mittens, quod facinorosos «'X(iuirere, & poena |)erl'ecfa punirc, i^i; ah annis muitis ad portam {"a!sarc;e celsitudinis missnm munus augerc vellet, signiliraiiii. Ciesarea aulem celsitudo (^cui Creator omnipotens tantam suppedilauit potentiani, \' qiiie omnes supplices exaudire ilignata est) supplicatione Regis Poloniae non accepta, itcruni in regeni Polonix excrcitum suum inittcre, & Creaioris omnipotentis auxilio regiuim eius >ul)- uertere conslituerat. Veruni Legato Screnitatis vestra; in porta beata ta & (leiiaslala liiit, ill; \ iso duos leyalo't •I'etta punirc, iS; ah vcllet, signilicaiilt. potentiani, iV qiiiP atcepta, iterum in regiuiin ciii* >uh- & fiilnjida C.Tsarcx 1 partibiiH I'oldiiia-, ijtiilicante, i"t paiem 'aisaria; reUimdiiii* ingtiiurein esse vn- iin Casarca; ccUitu- [jiatia debetiir, iu\ta iiiiantiir, aiit ratiuie muiuris let. to the Quteiif. TKAl'lIQUKS, AND DISCOUERIES, 41S muncris aliqiinnttili eornm delirta rodoncntur, hue inqiiam eonditionc literfn C.T^iarea eelsifu- dinis ad Heijem I'oioni.p sunt dat.x. Si aiitein e\ parte Serenitatis vestrne fopdiis it pax solli- litata non fiiisset, nulla ratione C'lesarea cclsituilo tedus cum regno I'olonia' inijsset. In I'auorem auiein Serenitatis vpstric regno & Uegi Poloniic singiilareni gratiain ('icsarea celsi- Indo exhibuit. Qm-d fi'iiii Serenitas vestra, q'li^'ti r;i,im Rex «.V regnuui Poloniii' sihi cerl('i iicrsuadere dcbciit. Serenitaiein veitram '/cue l'n'Iiei-siin<;quc \ak're rupimus, Daluin Cmi- stnntinopoli in (ire niensis Sabaiim nurriipnti, Anno prophetje nostri sariati Malunncddi Mongente^inio, nonn^esimo, octauo. I ;sv vero Anno inillcsinio qiiingcntesinio nonagesimo, die (lii'iderimo niensi!i Iiiiiij. 'i'hc same in English. M()st glorious, and the most resplendent of women, most select Princesse, most gratious lili/.aheih Qncene of the valiant lollowers of lesiis in the fainoiw kingdom of England, most wise goueniesse of all the atliiircs and InisineMses of the people and family of the Nazarens most sweet founfaine of brightnessc and glory, most acceptable cloud of raine, inheritres-Jc iS: Ladie of the l)les'.i'(lnes..f and glorv of the renowmed kingdomc of England, to whom in humble wise all men oiler their petitions : wishing of the almightic Creator most hap- ))ie increase and prosperous siiccesse vnio all \oiir Maiesiics allaires and actions, and of- fering v|) miitiiall ifc pcrpeliiall vowes worthy of our familiarity, with eternall prayes ; In most friendiv manner we signilie vnto N'xiur princely Ilighiiesse, that certaine yeeren past the most iiiightie Cesarlike maiestie of the (irand Signor waged vnspeakeable warre* with Casiil-bas the I'rince ol the Persians, in regarde of which warres he would not goe in battell against aii\ other places; and for that cause certaine iheeues in the partes of I'olonia called Cosacks, and other notorious persons lining in the same partes ceased not t(» iroulile and mo'est the sul)ic( t- of our most mightie Kmperour. Hut now hauiiiK (inished and brtiunht to some good issue his allaires in Persia, deiermining to punish the saide malelac- tors of Poland, and for that purpose rommitling.ui army vnto the Heglerbeg i.'f (Jrecia, and the yeerc la«.t pa*t, sending his imperiall cse llowbeit his inipcriall maiestie (vjion whom the jliiiighlie cri'aior hatli ln'stowed so i;re(it power, and who vouchsareth to L'iue eare vnio all humlile suppliants^ iclKling the suppli(ation of the King of Poland, determined aij.iine ff> «ciid his arniie against the said king, and bv the helpe of the .Mniiglitie creaior. vtierlv to siibucrt and oiierlhrowe his kiii'^doine. IJut y ur .Maiesiies lanbassadour resident in th'- Messed aiul glorious poK h of his imperiall lligluicsse interposing himselfe as n mediatoiir sii;iiil\ing that from the partes of Poland \i\\ were luriiisheil with <(-riie, giin-powiler. masies nfsiiips, guns, and other nec(ssaries, annc of our custonics, and the reuenues of our Crowue, and generally the great wealth of our whole Healme. And whereas wc are enformed of ihcsaul Kdward Osborne knight, William Harebornr, and Kichard Staper, that George Uarne, Richard Martine, loliu Ilarte knight*, and other m;\x- cluuits of o'lr say|((hori)e Kiii){lit, (icuriji' Huriic Kiiii{lit. (u'ori?o notulc kni^Iir, liichard Miiriiiir kiiijrlit, lolin Ilario kninhi, Ii)l\ii Hawkins knijjlit, Williairi Ma'»'oi), Robert Olllcy, Philip (Jrimw, Aiidri'wc Hanninn, l;iinrs Siapcr, Hubert Sndler, I.roiiar.lc Power, Cirop.^c Sailer, Niclu'las Lcale, lohn I'Jdred, William Shalcx, Ki( hard May, VVilliam \\ ilkes, Androwo rmic^, Aiihiir lackson, Edimiiui A iscll, lialph .\'*hlcy, ThoinaN l''arrin;;lon, Hoborte Saiidie, Thomas (iarr.iway, Kdwardc Lethia;;-.!", Thomas Dalkin^, Thnma'i Norden, Uobert H.iie, l/lward Sadler, Kichard Darsall, Kichard Marline Iimior, Halph Viuh, Nicholas Pcarde, Thomas Simons, and Francis Dorrinfcton, that they and eucrv of then) by the name of Gonernour and rmnpany of Marchant.s of the Lenant'iiiciiurchiH fihall front hence foorth for the terme of twelne veercs nc.\f ensuinu the date hereof bee one ?'''"" .'""f i bodic, fclhiwshippe and eom|)anie of thrmselnes both nideede and in name: And them b\ luw.hipand the name of Gonrrnoiir and rompanie uf niarehantes of the Leiiant wee doe orday ne, incor-',7vt'ciMh'i' porate, nnme, and tleclare by these pre^entes, and that the same fellowshippe and companie'hf """""f from hence foorth shall and may haue one (Jonernonr. And in consideration that the sa\deil',j'um"i"°' Kdwarde Osborne Knij;lit hath beene of the chiele setters foorih and actors in the opcnini; "f'!"""'- and pnttin;; in practise of the sayde trade to the dominicnis of the sayde Grand Sii^nor: Wee Lcuu" doe therefore specially make, ordaine, and constitute the sayde Kdwarde Osborne Kni;r the savde (jrand Sij;nor into and from the East India, l.itelv disconcred bv lohn N'ewberie. linlph Filch, William Leech, and lames Siorie, sent with our leliers to that purpose al the (.roper costs and charijc of ihe s,iyde Marchants or sonic of ihein : .-nul into and fn.ni ciierie of them in such order, maniur, lorme, liberlie and conililion to all internes and purposes a» shall be betweene tliein of the sayde fellowshipjie or companie of Marchanies of the bciiant or the more pan of them for the time beinjj limited and aj,'recd, and not otherwise, wilhont any molestation, impvachment, or disturbance ; any lawe, statute, vsajje, or diuer- siiie of Religion or faith, or any other cause or matter whatsocuer to the contraric notwith- -lanilinjf. And that the savde Governnnr and companie of Marchantes of the Leuant, or the greater I':iri of them for the better yo rrnenient of the savde fellowshippe and companie, shall atod iiiay>within forlie dives next and imniediatiy followinn; alter the date hereof, and so rrom lliencc foorth yeerely during the continuance of this onr <;raunt, assemble themsehies in M'ine conuenient place, and that fliey or the j;realer parte of them being so assembled, shall ;in(l mav elect, ordaine, nominate, and appoint twelne discrecic and honest perKons of the ^a^(l(■ companie to be ase, or oilu r «iili. sidie or dnetie for the same, rerciiiin;; jjood and sulTu lent bomb- and seciiriiie to onr \>f li r the pavmenl of the same aicordini^lv And vpon receipt ol the savde bonde to i^iiic ilieni I'lit their cockels or other warrants to lade out and reci'iue in the same their ;;i nds bv \ci- ine hcreid' without any disiurb.mc e. .\nd thai also as olien as at anv lime diirint; die ►ayde terme of Iwelue yeeres anv jj( (ids (.r marchandi/.e of any of the sa\de eompanie laden from ihis onr |)ort of London in anv the ilon\iMions b«doresj\dr shall h.ippen in misearic before ihtir safe disiharge in the j)ail(s lor and to the which ihev be sent That then and so ofteii so much tustome, pondage, and other subsidie as thev answered vs for the same, shall after due nroofe made before the 'Treasiironr of I''nril;iiiii' till" s.iyd iiiiiiilicr 1 .isr Hhiill >l)oriic knijjiii, iiliti Hart kiii;^lir, Niaiiif laix- r I u-l(iiniN ijI (.iir kcciiti" ai(iirdiii:;l\ or ali\ uf tliciM ,i< 1(0, rrrtaiiif kimw [)aiiic of niari liaiiic^ kriiu' and -pai «• n| ic diip and |):i\.ililc rr, t(i 1)0 larrifd i r -avdi", or out nl it ('list(inuTH, and all Ill-til.' \ lltd wllnlll II (• lime hciii',', ijliir alfr. and dtlici ilurc dan*', or ollu r -iili- iritic to our \«i- ti r xiiidc to ji;iiic llicin llu'ir j;iio(U liv \fi- V tinii' diirin<4 tlic hf sa\d«' (nMiitaiiif Ic shall lia|i|U'ii in liii h ihov 1)1' s( III if as tlu'S aii-wcTcd !ii<>laiid lor tlic time rtiu' hcroof allowed rN in till- in\l iiiar- ihc true rates of Ihc cii-tdinr^, (•ii»t()inp«, pondage, or nubtidJM hrretoforp pnydc for the ^omU so limt or any part or parctdl ilicreof And lor that the s.ivde ('om|ianir are like rontiniially to liriii>; into this our Heainie n much ;;rcaler tiuaiilitie ol' forreii coinniodilieM from the forri'ii Countrejes, (ilaroo, or territorirn .il'iiresaiile, then here can he spent for the necessarie vse of liic same, which id' npcesdiiic inii'.t he iraiis|ioried into other tountre\es, and there \ent«-d, we for vs. our heirex .'iiid siKcessors ol our special! (jrace, certaiiir kiiowledt;e, and meeic nintioii doc jrrauiit to and Willi the savd (ioiicrnoiir and cdin|i.ini<- that at all times frnni lime to liine diiriii){ ihc spare of llinleeiie nioiu-ths next after the discharije of any the savde j^dods so hronuht in, and the MiN-.idics, pondaue, cUHtonies and other duiics for the same hciii;; hel'ore haiide paydc or ininpoiindcd for as al'iirc^ayd, it shall he lawfuM for them or any of them (ran\ other person or |icrsons whatsoeiier licin;; mtiirall stihiccts of the Keahiir which may or shall huy the samp of them or any id' them to iransporl the same in lCn|>lish hollomes freely out of Ihi'* Itealmc without pa\mciil of anv I'liriher ciisloine, pdnda>;e, nr other subsidie toy-, our heires or "ticces-idis fur l!ic same, whereid' the sa\de suhsidic's, piindai;e, or customes or other duties shall !)«• Ml formerlv payde and eoin|)ouii(led for, as aforesayd, and so proiied. And the savd ciisiomer l)v vcrliu- herecr -hall vpon due and sullicieiit prnole ihereid'made in the ciistomc liuiisc nine them -unicieiit eoc ket or cerfdic.iie lor the safe passjnir out thereof aecordiii)>ly. And to ihe cnde im decii|)t he vscd herein to \s our heirC't, and siii ( c-^-drs, lerlilliile sh.di !)<• hroiiuhi from our cdllcctir dl'cusidinc inwanles to our ciistoimr oulwardcs that the sa\d marc h.iiidi/cs liaue within the lime limited answered theirdiie ciMdine, siihsidic, pdnda:;e and other diilies for the same inwards. ,\iid furthermore we of our ample and ahminilant jjrace, meere moiion.and certainc kiiow- lcd;;e haue ;;rannted, and bv these pre«en|s fir \s our lie\ res and siiicessniirs doe 'iraiint Mill) the said (iouemoiirs and companie of marchanles of the l.ciianr, that tlicN and snih oiielv as he and «hall he oflhit coinpanie, sjiall lirthe«a\d tc'rme of tweliie yeeres haue, Vse. ami eniov the wlioK' and oiiciv tr.ide and tiallike, and the whole entire and onelv liber- lie, \-e, and priiiilejje id' Iradin;; and tiMlVikinL;, and vsiiii; IVate .d man h.indise In 1(1 iliroir^h the I.euant sias oihervvi-e ( ailed the Mediterran eiule for the sasde trade as thev shall thinke j;i>od .;t their owne eostes and CNpenses. .Viid for that the shippes saylii'u into the -,iyde ('ounlreyes must take theirdiie and proper limes to proceede in the-e voya;j;es, vvliii h otherwisi- as wee well pcr( eiiie can not be pcr- loimc il in the rest id'the \eeie I'olli ■fh lerelore we of mir special! i;r.ice, certaine know- \i\\fiv, and meere motion for vs, mir heyres and successor- doe ^r.iiint to and with the s,iv(t (luiiernoiir and i oinpanie id' .Man hanles (d' the I.eiiai.t, thai I'oine u:oo.l -hippeswell furnished with ordinance and oilier miiniiion for ihcir delence, and ivvo hui.drcd inariiiicrs Kn^li-h men to iiiiide and savie in the s;iine foiire ;ies at all limes (liirint; the savde twdiic vceres shall ipiietlv bee permitted and snllcred to (i( part an 1 ;;oe in the savde vi>vaj;es, accordinj; to the purport of the«e presents, without any s ay or contraiiiction bv vs, (uir hevrcs and successors, or hv ;!ic I.orde hi"h .\dmir,iil or anv other ollicer cr subiett of vs, our hcircs or successoiin* Ilk h ' hi I ' ■i I. M;!. JvlNliil mi III M i :' mr n 438 .>4 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, TMr^i'c Puientx, ill any wise : Any restraint, lawe, statute, vsage or matter whatsoeuer to the contr.irie iioi- witlistanding. Prouided neuertiiclessc, that if wee shall at any time within the sayilc tweliie yeercs h:iue iiist cause to arme our Nauie in warrelikc manner in def-'nce of our Hea^iie, or for oIK-ncc of our enemies : and that it shall be founde iieedefull and conucnient for vs lo i( ync to our Nauie the shippes of our subiects to be also armed fi>r warrcs to sui h number as tunnot hoc su|iplied if the savd foure shippes should l)e |>ermiltc'd to dep.irt as abouc is inentioiie'I ; then vpon knowIed;je gincn by vs or our Admiral) to the sayde Gouernour or compaiiiK about the tiftecnth day of the moncth of March, or three inoneihes before the saide coni- ))anic shall bej;inne to make readic tlie same fourc shippes that we may not spare the sjvd foure ships and the marrincrs requisite for them to be out ol our Kialmc diirinj; tlie time tlmt our Nauie shall be vpon the seas, that then the sayde eompanie shall forheare to send such foure shippes for their trade of marcliandisc vntill that we shall retake our sayd Na: ie from the savd seniice. Ami further our will and pleasure is, and wee doe by these preseiites j;raunt that if iiliall be lawfull to and for the sayd Gouernour and eompanie of Mariliantes of tlie I.euani tohauc and \se in and about the allaires of the sa)de eompanie a common seale for matters eoiucrn- iiij; the s:- Ie eom|)anie and trade. And that also it shall be lawfuil for the NIarchants, Ma- riners. Sea-men, which shall be vsed and implciyed in the sa\de trade and voyage Iomi and ph; in the toppcs of their ships or other vessels the Amies of En^^laiid with the reddc- erosse in white ouer thcsrinu* as heretofore they haue vsed. And we of our ""iirthcr luisall l:iu(Uir and of our espeei ill grace, cerlaiiie knowledjje, ainl meere motion haue (rr.iuntcd andbv these prcsenti for v«, our hc\resand successors doefjrauni to the savd (.' uernour and eompanie of Marrhants of the Leiiant, that the sayde landes, ter- ritories, and ^lomir;il)n^ of ilie s;i\ile Grand Si^nor, or the dcrainidiis of the Signioiic il Venice, or an\ of iheni within the savde Leuant or Mediterran seas shi^ll not be visited, iVc- quented, or haunted b) the savde I.eunnt sea bv way of march uuli/e by any other our ^iil)- iects (lurini; thes.iidc :,..,i,,- of tueli.e veercs contrarie to the true meaiiini; of these presciitc>. And bv \erfue i-f our i.Tcroualuje ii; ..ill, whiili wee will not in that behalle hane ari;ucil i,r brouuhl in tjueslidU, wee -lr.n.;hllv rli.iri!i-, (onniiaunde and prohibite for vs, our hevresaiul suc( e^scHUN all our vubiccti I'l what ile^^rec or tjualitie -ioeuer thev bee, that none of tluni c into or fmni any nf the savd (Idjiiiiiifjiis ol the ^avd (iraiul Si^nor, or the doniinidii'. of the saide Se;;i>i('iif of X'enice, by or thi()u;;h the savde Leuant sea other then the savii Gouernour and Ciim])aiiie of mar. liants ol the l.eiiant, and sudi particular persons .is be r: shall be of that c.:mpanie, their factor-, af;eiits, seruants arul assigues. And further for that wee i)laiuel\ vnderstaude th.it the States and Goneniours of the ciiie aiul Segniorie of Vcniii- haue of late time set and ray.sed a uewc impost and char^ie ouer and be-ides their aum ier.i impost, custome, and char;;*' of and vpon .ill manner of niarchandi/e of our liealme lin iiuli! ' ito their dominions and al-o of and vpon all iiiarchandisc c.irieti or laden from their -.ml Countrcy or dominions by our subiects or in the ship-, or bottoms of anv of our subiei it - i.i the j;reat and infollerable ( harge and hinderance of our savd suhiet t> tradin;^ thiihcr, xvci' therefore minding the redresse thereof, doe al.so liv these presents for vs, our heires ami -ih ccssors further straightiv prohibite and forbid luit onelv the subiects of the savde Stale aiul Segniorie of \'enice, but also of all other Nations it Countries whatsoeuer other then tlie savd (Jouernour and eompanie of marchanis of the I.euant, and such onelv as be or shnlj be of that com])anie, their factor-, agent-, serii.intes, andassigne-; fhat tliev or anv of iheiii during the .sayde tcrme of twelue v ceres, -hall bring or cau-e to be brought into this our Kealme of Englande, or any part thereof anie manner of small Iruites tailed i.'rraiils, lieiiij; the ray-ins of Corinth, or v\ine ol Caiulie, vnle—e it be bv and with the licence, con-ent, and agreement tif the sa'. tie Ciouerntiur and eompanie in writing vndcr their sayd comiuon scale lir^t had and ubteyncd vpon paine viilo eiicry -uch jicrson and persons that shall trade and TiirKic raicntx. c contr..ric nnl- Turkie Patents. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, 439 and traflike into any the xayde dominions of the State and Sepniorie of Venice by sea, or that shall bring or cause to be brouj-ht into our saide Realme any of the said corrants being the raysins of Corinth, or wines of Candia, other then the sayd roni])anie in paine of our indignation, and of forfaitiirc and losse as well of the shippe and ships with the furniture thereof, as also of the yoods, merchandize, and thingca whatsocucr they be of those which shall attempt or presume to commit or doe any matter or thing contrarie to the prohibition aforesavd. The one halfc of all the saide forfeitures to Vje to vs, our heires and succcssours, and the other halfe of all and eucry tlu? sayde forfeitures we doe bv these presents, of our speciall grace, certaine knowledge, and meere motion clearely and wholie for vs, our hcircs and successors, giuc and graunt vnto the saide Gmernour and companic of marchantcs of the Lcuant. And fmthcr all and euery the savde oH'endours for their savdc contempt to suffer impri- sdnnient during our pleasures, and such other puiiisimient as to vs for so high a contempt sh,\ll seeme mecte anil conuenient, and not to be in any wise deliuercd vntill they and euerv of them shall be come bnunde vnto the savd Gouernour for tiie time being in the summe of one thousand poundcs or lesse at no lime, then after to sayle or Iradike by ^ca into any the dominions nforcsaiile, or to bring or cause to be brought from anv the jilaces aforesaydc anv corrant", rassins of ('orinlh, or wines of Candia contrarie to oui- expres^c commaundement in that behalfe herein set ilowne and [nibli>!i('il. I'rou'dcd alwaycs, and cur e\prcsse will is notwithstanding the premisses thai if our savde sublet les shall at any lime hcreal'tcr be recoinpiiiscil of and for all «ui h newe impostes and .a\de our sa\de prohibition and ro^ir.iint in lliese prcsentes mentioned, shall not be of any ••trciigth or Ion i aj,ain>l the sayde (itie or Stale of Veniie, orany the •■ubiects thereof, but (it and during such time oiiely and in such ia>e when hi'icarier the savde State of Venice shall againe beginne to la\c or Icuic anv n anncr of newe imposle within the savde dominions \|)on an\ the gonds or nianhaiuli/cs of our savde subiectes hecrealter to bo brought into any the diniinions of the said State or Segniorie of X'enice. Any thing in these our letters Patents iciiiia. ncd to the contrarie thereof in anv wise notwithstanding. Nnil finlher wee >traightly charge r.ml commanndc, and bv these prcsentes prohibile all and singular Cuiloiiirrs and Collectors of our Cu^tomes, ponda ;e, and sub-idies, and all other Offiiers within I ur porte and Citie of I.oiulim and el^e wl-.cre, to whom it shall apjiertainc and euerv of ihem, fhat thev or any of tluin by lhcinseii;es, ilu-ir clarkes, or substitutes shall not rcceiue or I ike, or sutler to be ncciued or taken lor vs or in our name, or to our \sc, or in the name, or vnto the vse of our heires or siiices-iors of anv per>on or persons, any (•iinime orsummes of nionev, or other consideration during, the sayde terme of fweliie y<'eres (or any custome, pondage, ta\e or subsidie of any corrants, ravsins of Coii.ith, <>r wines of I'andie aforesavd -lue onelv ol'and in the name of li.e savde Gouernour ai-d companic of marrhantes of the I.cuant, or of sonic of Itiat coinpanie without the consci I of the savde Go- uernour and companic in writing viulcr their savd ci nimoii scale, lirst had and obtevued.and vnto them shewed for the te«lirving their savd consent. \\u\ lor the better and more sure obseriuition thereof wee will aiul graunt for vs, our heires i r successors bv these presentes, that our Treasurour and Haroiis of t'le J'Achci|uer (' savde Court one or more suflicient writte orwritlcs t lo-c or patent, vnto euerv or anv of the sayd (aistomers or other Olficcrs to whom it sliali a|)pcrtaine, commauiuling thcia and euiry of them thereby, that neither they :*■! ' ■! •/ V m t v: ' : 1 i \ the -avil I.cuant Sea, into, or from the savde dominions of the s.iyd (JraiiJ Siirnior or the doinioions of the State ol N'enice or any of liiem, eoiitrary to the true nieaniiin of lhe^e jircscnt-i, without the consent of the savd Gouernciir and Comjianie or tlie most pjrt of theni. And will leas Henry l"arrin<;lon and Ht i)r\ I!ewet haue not yet assented to jjee ineorporatiil into the >a\(l -(x ietie oi (iouernour and ( (ni:panie of ntarehants i 1 I.enant, neuerthelessc- si- thence, a- we he inionneil, thev haiie hene Iruh-is tliat w.iv heretofore; our will and pleasure is, and we illii:, luo ini.ne of tlie savil con.p.iiiie, and doe c;iue suiii assuranie .is the sivd (iouernour and eompanie, or the more part of then» sh.ill allow of, t;, beaie, ])a\ , and i)crlorme sin h orders, (diistitntions, paimelits and eontiilnitions, as other cii the savd lompaiiv shall be ordered to beare, pav, and |)eifonf.e, that tlien ciiery of tl'.e shmI Hem, I'arrinulon alio Heiirv Hiwet so duinu; and submittiiis; himsell'e. shall v|)oii his or thru r((|uist \nlo the savil (i. iiernour bee admitted iuli) the savii eompanii' and eorporatiiui of (in- iiernour and t omjianie ol iii.irihant- ol l.ouaiil, and haue ai.d enio\ the same, and as jjrc.il liberties, priuileues, am! preheiniiieiue-, as the rest of the sa\d<- ( orjionilion (T conip iiu- iia\ , ( r ou^ht to haue bv \ ii tue ol this ciii the contr.ir-, ni luithsiandim; .\iid c ur will .iiul pleasure is, aiul Inn I lawfull, to, and hr tlie sa\fle (ioueruniir .r jiarl of them, In admit int". Mid to l.e ot shall bee en)])l(iMil as scr. anis, factors, or lunl. Any thin;; in these presents (rnt, lined I v\ec il I .i!-o ordanir that it shall and mav hcc I loMipinv if n:.iri I'.aiil- of l.cnaiit it the nn rr ll.esawi iiiipiiiie. aiiv >w\\ as haue bene it ii;i'nts in l!ie Ir.ide il ni.i;i haialisc l)v the s.imI I.enant se.is, into aiiv the eoiiitrles, doininions or tenitories ol the ».i\d (jr.i.ul Ni^nior i r S , niorie or St.ite of Neniie, aceordini. a- ihcv or the ii.ost p,iil if tliem shall tl.inke re(|u -iir. And where .Viithoin lialelille. Stei.en Some, ,jid II.luil llrooke Aldermen of tin -aidr Citie i F.ofh, riiniiin- li.inies, \h'\.ind(r iJaiiscv, Hii liard AliU.nrtli, llenrv Cowllliir^l, Ca-sar iK.IIii-, Martiiic Uoiiile, Oiiuer ^t^ le, and Nii i las St\ le, as shall pa\ viitoth<' s.iide CJuuernour an-' e' ii pain of Marehants ol beiiante the sinnine of one hundred and thirtie poiini'e. i'\' lawfull Kn^-lisli monev wiihiii twoinonethes next alter tl.i- d te hereof lovvards the ehar;;es di.it the same Ci iii- jjaiiy haiif already bene at in and abi ni the esiablishiiij; id the sayde tiad; s ^li ,11 from t' ea.e- fi.nrtli bee III the s.nne n 'np,in\ i f Man h.uil-ol l.eiuinl as fullv ,iiul ainplv and in like n..iiur M an\ other ol (i.at soeietie or ('>iiii]).in\ . I'roinded also, that woe, our lieires .md sun essours ,if aiiv lime diiiin;; the si\d t^M 1 n yecres i,;,iv l.iul'ullv a|)po\iitand anih ri/e t\M> otlier persons c\erii-in;; the lawfull trivle 1 1 niari-!:atidi/i . Turkic Patents. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 441 marchandize, and being fit men to bee of the sayd companie of Gouernour and companie of iiianhaiit!* of Leiiant, so that the sayd persons to bee nominated or authorized, shall aide, doe, licarc, and pale sucli payments and charges touching and concerning the same trade and Companie of niarchants ui' Lcuant, ratablie as other of the sayd Companie of marchants of Le- iiant shall, and doe, or ought to bearc and pay: and doe also performc and obserue the orders of the sa\d Companie allowable by this our graunt, as others of the same doe or ought to doc. And that such two persons so to bee appoynted by vs our hcires or succcssours, shall niid may with the sayd Company vse the trade and feate ot marchandise aforesayd, and all the liberties and priuiieges herein before granted, according to the meaning of these our letters patents, any tiling in these our letiers patents contained to the contrary notwith- si.uuiing. I'rouided also, that if any of the marchants before by these presents named or incorporated, to bee of the said fellowship of (Jouernour and companie of the merchants of Leiiant, shall not bee willing to continue or bee (if the same companie, and doe giue notice thereof, or make the same kiiowen to the savd Gouernour within two moneths next after the date hereof, that then such person so giuing notice, shall no further or any longer be of that companie, or liaue trade into iliose parties, nor be at any lime alicr that of the same corporation or com- panie, or vse trade into anv the territories or countries aforesavd. I'rouided alwayes neuerttielesse, that euery such person so giuing notice and hauing at this pre-ent anv goods or marchandises in anv the Territories or countreys of the savd Grand Sig- iiior, or Sc^iiiorie or St.ite of Venii c, mav at anv lime within the s|)acc of eighteeiie moneths next, anil imnu-.iiatclv following after the dale hereof, liaue free liberlie, power, and autlio- rilie to rcturiic ilie same it the value therool into liiis Heahne, without vsing any traflique iheie, lull iiniuediately from thence hither, paving, bearing, answcrinjj;, and performing all «,i( li charge", (hielies and sumiucs of monev ratablv as oilier of the same corjioration or com- p.un doc or shall pav, bean', answere, or performe for the like. I'rouided also, that if any of the persons before bv these presents named or incorporated 1,1 bee of the savil fellov\ship of Gouernour and Companie of the marchants o'" I.euant, or which hereafter sl.all bie admitted to bee of the savde Corpc ration or Companiv, shall at any time or limes hereafter refuse to Iwe of the snyd Corporation or Companie, or to heare, pav, • r lie contributorie to, or not beare and pa\ such ratable charges and .iKowances, or to obserue IT performe su(h ordinances to bee made as isaforesiyd, a- oiIut of the same companv are, rr sliall bee orilercd, to beare, paie. or performe, thai then ii shall and mav Ix-e lawl'ull for ihi" rest of llu' sayd Ciouernour and companie of marchants of I.eiiaut, presentiv to expell, re- miicuie, and ili<.place euery sui h person -o refusing, or not bearing or paviii;; out, of, and from ilie savd Ci rpoiation and com|)anle, and from all priiniege, libertie, and prehemiuence which ,mv such person should, or might (laiwf. or haue b\ ,ertue of this our graunt, and in place iiflhein to elect others exercising the lawfull trade of marchandise to bee of li . sayd Coin- |)jnie. And that euer\ such person so expelled, reinooiied, or displaced bv consent if the ~;iv(l Gouernour and comp iiiie of marchants of I.euant, or the more jiart of them, shall bee ii-m thenceloorlh \tt< rl\ disabled lo lake aiiv benelile b\ verliie e' this priuilege, or anv line alicr to bi'e admitted or receiued ag.iine into the s.iuie, anv thin;', in these presen's I "iil.i.'icd to the contrary milNvithsiaikliiig. I'louiiled .ilwayes, that if it shall hcreaflir appeare lo\s, our heires and successours, that ilii. ■.;raunt or li.e eoiitinuame thereof in ihc whole or in anv part thereof, shall iiot bee pro- lilahle to Vs. (lur heires ami su' cessours, or to this our realme, th.it then an I from thencefoorih, |)iin and after eighteeiie moneths warning to bee giuen lo the savd companie by \s, our hcires ..id successours, this present graunt shall cease, bee \ovd, and determined t > all intents, con- -triK lions and purjioses. .\ml fiirlhcr of our speciall grai e, cerlaine knowledge, .iiul meere motion, wee liaue Cv)ii- il( M iiuled and Lir.iiiiilcd. .ind bv these picsenls lor \s, our heires and successours, doe conde- -icrd and grauiil lo the sasile (iouernoui .iiul i (unpanic of in ii( h.iiits of I.euant, that il at the ( ailc of the sa_\d lerme of iweluc \ eeres it shall seeme ineetc ana coiiucnicnt to the sayile vol., II. .'J 1. Gouernour <: ic ..'It !■ ' ■ '^ I 1 \ ■ 4-12 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Rich. Wrair. Gouernour ami Companie, or any the parties aforesayd, that '.his p.esent n;raunt shall bee continued: And if that also it shall appearc vnto vs, our hcires and succcssours, that ihc con- tinuance thereof shall not bee preiudic iall or hurtfull to this our realme, but that wee sh, U findc the further continuance thereof profitable for vs, our heircs and successours and for our .ealnie with such conditions as are herein mentioned, or with some alteration or qualification tliprcol' that then wee, our heires and successours at the instance and humble petition of the saydo Go- uernour and Companie, or any of them so suing for the same, and such other person aiul persons our subiecles as they shall nominate and a])i)()int, cr shall bee by vs, our hcires niul successours newly nominated, not exceeding in number tweiuc, new letters patents vndcr ili, great scale of England in due forme of lawe with like couenants, grauiits, clauses, and arti- cles, as in these presents are i(int;iiiied, or with addition of olher necosarie articles or diaii". ing of these in some partes, for, and during the full terme of iwciue yeercs then next fullow- ing. Willing now hereby, and straightly commaundinu; and charging all and singular cur Admirals, \'ice-admirals, lustices, \Iaiors, Shirilles. Esclicators, Constables, Bailitl'cs, and ;ill and singular other our Officers, Ministers, Liege-men and subiects ■whalsocuer, to bee aid- ing, fauouring, helping, and assisting vnto the sayd Companie ;uul their successours, and tf their Deputies, OfUccrs, Factors, •icruainils, assigncs and ministers, and eucry of thcni, in executing and eniming the premisses as well on land as on Sea, from time to lime, i!i: at all times when you or any of you shal thereto bee required, anv Statute, Arte, ordinance, I'r . iiiso, I'roclamation or restraint heretofore had, made, >cl foortli, ordained or jiniuidcd, ur ,iiu other matter, cause or thing whatsoeuer to the contrary in .my wise ntitwithstandrig. Allhougii expresse mention of the true yeerely \aliie or certaintie of the premisses, dr aiv, of them, or of any (>ther gifts or ui-aunts by \s, or any of our jimgeiiitours to the savdc (ni. uernour and Companie of the marchants ol Leuaiii before this time made, in these prcsdn, i-i not made: Or anv Statute. .\rte. Ordinance, |iroui.- time bad, made, done, or prouided, or anv other matter, ij;;; or cause whatsoeuer, in ai;y wi'-e notwilhstaiuliiig. In witnes«e wheitof wee haue caihi : thciie our letters to be made patents. Witnrsse our >elle at Westminster the scuenth d.iv .; lanuarie in the foure and thirtieth yeere of our raignc. I'er brine de priuato Sigillo. Haijir, To the Worshipful! and his very louinj; Vncle M. Kowland newi>li, Esipiicr, at Sand in Oeuonshire. Sir, considering the goodne^se of your N.iture wliii li is woont kindelv to aciept froin ., frienil, euen of me;mc thin;;s lieing giiien with a ;;noil lie:ut, I haue presumed to trouble \.;, with the reading of this rude iliscourse of my trauailes into 'I'urkie, and (pf the deliuerie nfiht present with surh other oci iirreni-. a« there happened wooriliie the ol)seruation : of all wliii'i jjroceedings I was an eie-witnesse, it pleasing the .\mbas-adonr to take nice in with liim ii the Grand Signior. If fur l.icke of time to put it in order I haue not pi'rformed it vo well - it owghl, I ( rane pardon, ;Ls>iiriiig \ ed in the iru;;;, of any thing. If \oii aske inee what in mv traucN I haue learned, I aii>-\Mre as a nohle mij;! of Trance did to the likedem.uind. Hoc \num didici. muiuli < ()nteni])tnni : and so (iinilinl- ittg with the wise man In the booke of the I'reac her, that all is \anitie, and one ihin^ one!', i- neeessarie, I take mv Icaue and commit vuu to the Alinigliiie, IVoin London the 1(5. .\!„r. h 1597. Your luuing Nephew Kichard \\t:'.\i. A descripti(M\ M. Rich. Wrai;. :nt graunt shall bee ;ssours, that ihe con- jt that wee sh, U findc \rn and for our .•calme qualification tlicrcol' ilion of the saydc Go- ch other person and )V vs, our heircs aiul lers patents vnder tlv. Its, clauses, and arii- aric articles or tiiani;- ^res then next follow- all and singular (nr iblcs, Bailitl'es, and ;ill atsocucr, to l)ci' aiil- •ir succcssours, ami i. nd cucry of tiirni, ii; time to time, iV; at all Actc, ordinance, l'r> - ■d or prouidcd, or aiiv withstand nj;. tlu' premisses, or arv ours to the savdc (m. idc, in these pri'stin, .11 or restraint tu ihi nv other matter, thin;; riof \\ce haue caii-n; lor the seuenth d.iv . ; iiiato Sigillo. Hallh' , Ksipiicr, at Sand iciv to ar(ept from j churned to Irnnhlc x. v. (' the deliiieric oi i!? ernalioti : of all wlm'i ike mec in with liiai i )erfornu'd it >•() \m'1I - ot missed in the Iriiiih nswere as a noble man )tnni : and so cdiiilud- and one tliinu onely i- l.ondoll the l(). M-JlIi inj; Nephew Uiihard Wr.'.i'. A description .1/. Rich. Wrag. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. il3 A description of a Voia;i;e to Constantinople and Syria, ben;un the 91. of March 1593. and ended the !». of Aujtust, 1595. wherein is shewed the order of dcli- tierin^ the second Present bv Master Edward Barton her maiesties Ambassador, which was sent from her Nfaiestic to Sultan Miirad Can, Emperour of Turkic. WE set saile in ihc Ascension of London, a newshippe very well appointed, of two hun- dred and three sr>re tuniies (whereof was master one William Broadbankc, a prouident and skillnll man in iiis iaciiltic) from Graiicsend the one and twentie of March 159.'{. And vpon the eight of April! folowing wee passed the strciglits of Gibraltar, and with a small Westcme pale, the 24. of the saine, we arriued at Zantc an Hand vnder the Venetians. The fourth of Mav wee departed, and the one and twenlie wee arriued at Alexandretta in Cilicia in the verv bottome of the Meditcrrancsea, a made some '^5. miles distant from Antioch, where our niarchants land their floods to bee sent for Aleppo. From thence wee set saile the fift of lunc, and by contrary \wndes were driiien vpon the coast of Carainania into a road ncere a litlc Hand where a castle standelh, called Castle Kosso, soinc ihirtie lea<{ues to the Eastwards of the Rhodes, \vhere after lon^ >.earch for fre>h water.we could finde noiic,vntil certainc pooreGreekcs of the Hand biiiMi;ht ns to a well where we had 5 or (> tuns. That part of the country next the sea is verv barren U full of moiint.iins, yet found wo there an olde lonibe of marble, whh an epitaph of an ancicnl Greeke caractcr, by anti'.juity ncere wornc out and past r'-adin;;; which to the beholder.-, seemed a monument of ihf ■;reatnesse of the (ir^'cian monarchy. T'rom ihenrc we went to the Khodc-, and by contrary windes were driuen into a ])ort of Candy, Cami; called Sitiia: ilii- Hand is \iuler the X'enetians, who haue there fiiK) souldiers, beside certainc Greeks, contliuialK in pav. Herewith contrary winds we staved six weeks, and in lb'.' end, hauinj; the winde prosperous, we sailed bv Nicaria, I'haro.s, Delos, and .Andros, tv!t'\ sif;ht of inaoN other Hands in the Archipelajjo, and arriued at the two castles in Ilellespci t the ^H of .\ui;ust Within l ilaycs after we came to (iali|)iili some thirty miles from this ])laco, where foure of \s looke a Harma or boat of that place, with two watermen, which rowed vs alnon the fhracian >horc to ("on>itanliiiopIe, which sometime sailiiii; and sometime rowinji, in li. lire da\ e-, they |)erformed. The hrst of September we arriued at the famous port ol the (liaiid Si^nior, where we were not a little welcome to .\I. Edward Barton vntil then her Ma- jesties A!;ent, who (with many other j;rcaf |)ersons) had lor many dayes expected the pre- «tal. I'nie or sixe daxe-. after the shippe arriued neere the Scuen towers, whidi is a very riit ■•irom; ludil, and so called of so many turrets, whi(h it hath, standing ncere the >vi' side, be- '"'"' inu the (ir>t part of the i iiy that we came \nlo. Ileerc the A.;cnl appointed the master of the .\s('en>ion to >;.i\ with the shippe \nlill a litle winde and i)|)|)ortunity serned to bring licr abnul the Seraglio to salute the (ir.uul Signior in his nioskvta or ( lun-ch : for you shall Mulcrstand ih.it lie hath built one ncere the wall of his Seraglio or pallace adiovning to the Va side ; whcreuiito twise or ihrise a wecke hee rcsortetli to performe such religious rites as their law rcquireth: where lice being within few dayes alter, oiu- shippe set out in their best nianer with tiagges, streamers and pendants iddiuers colonreil silke, with al! the mariners, Iiiijether with most of the .\mbassadoiirs men, hauing the winde f.iire, and ca.ne within two • allies hiigth of this his mo->kiia, where (,hee to his great i onteuibeholding the shippe in siiih lir.uierx "i tiiev di-c harged fust two \olics of small shot, and then all the ureal ordiniuK e fwisc ihf niier, there being seuen and twentii- or eight aiul twenlie pieces in the sliij). Wliii h ]ier- '^'^J',' I'orined, he ap|)oinli'uslangi-B,i.ssa or c; plame of the great and spacious g.odcn or |i:irk ■, 10 giiie our men ih.iiikes, with reque.'.l .h it some other ilav tlie\ would shew bun the like s|)i)rte when lue would !>aiie the Sultana or Empressc a beholder tluieof, which fewdavcs .ifici at tlieship|)es going to the C'usi.ime- house thev performed. file granci Signiors s.,lut;.lion thus ended, the master lirought the ship to an anker at Kapa- mat ncere the ambassadors Ivuise. where hec likewise salnli d him with all his great ordinance "IK e luer. and where he landed tin- I'resent, the de'iuerie whereof lot a linio was staled : the I ..iise of which staic it shall neither be dishonorable for our naliin, or that woorthie man the aiiljasiadour to shew you. At the departure of .Siiiau Hassa the chicle \'i/.ir, and our ambas- :i 1. 2 sadois *\ see 11 SI.' 11 i-\ ,.t liic 7 ship ■ .- immv 1 ''■ ' f 1 i f ill 'il'^'i } n.i t.' 4t4 Tlic cnuir of (.tiiyiiigthf pre- sent. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. liich. IFrag. An Ara lo th« Thr p r«l hall t hee pass- ed a great gate into a large ci urf (niiich like the s))ace beltire White hall gate) where lie ■>yith his uentlemcn ali;!iteil .iiul left their hordes, rroin hence thev ]).issed into an ollui stately court, being about G score in bredtli, and some 10 score vards lont^, with maiiv tries >)• 1' A M. Rich. Wrag. M. Richard Wrag. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 44!i in it : where all the court was with /Treat pompe set in order to entertaine our ambassador. Vpon the right hand nil the length of the court was a galleric arched ouer, and borne vp with stone pillars, much like the Roiall Exchange, where stood* most of his guard in rankcs • AWtiaum from the one end to the other in costly aray, with round head pieces on their heads of met- "^^"afof'^M. tall and gilt ouer, with a great plume of fcthers somewhat like a long brush standing vp be- wf- fore. On the left h;uul stood the Cappagies or porters, and the Chauscs, All these cour- tiers being :iI)out (he ninnbcr of 20(K). (as I might well gesse) most of them apparelled in cloth of gold, silucr, vcluct, sattin and scarlet, did together with bowing their l)odies, lay- ing their hands vpon their brests in curteous maner of salutation, entertain the Ambassador : who likewise passing between them, Si turning himself somtime to the right hand and some- time to the left, answered them with the like. As he thus passed along, certaine Chauses conducted him to the Douan, which is the scat of lustice, where certaine dayes of the weeke llie grand Vi/ir, with the other Vi/.irs, the Cadi-lesker or lord chiefc lustice, & the Mufti or high jiricst do sit to determine vpon such causes as be brought before them, which place is vpon the left side of this great court, whither the ainbassador with his gentlemen came. The ambjsijtK.r where hce found the \'i/.ir thus accompanied as aforcsayd, who with great shew of kindnes viiiTwiiiwii ' rcieiued liiiu : and alter rcceit of her maicsties Icllirs, iS,; conference had of the Present, of '*''"'""'"• licr maicsties he.ilth, of the state of I-jiglaiul, and sucli other matters as concerned our peace- aiile tralliquc in those parts : dinner being prepared was by man) of y Courtiers brought into another inner roiinie next adioining, whicli consisted of an hundred dishes or therabouts, Uinirbroujiuin. most boiled I's: rosted, where tiie ainbassador accompanied \V the Vizirs went to dinner, his gi-nilenuMi likewise wild the rest of his men hauing a dinner with the like \arietie prepared \pon 5 saiiie side of the coiirt, by thesclucs sate downe to their meat, 40 or .")() Clunists i-landinij at the vpper cud allendinn vpon the gentlcnie to see them serued in good order; llu'ir driiike was water mingled with rose water iV su<;ar brought in a Luthro (that is a goates skiiine) which a man larielh at his backe, and viuler his arnie Ictleth it run out at a spout into cups as men will call Inr it. The dinner thus with good order brought in, aiul for hallc an home with ;;reat sohiietie and silence performed, was not so orderly taken vp; for cer- taine Mogl.ins olliccrs of the kilciiin (like her maiesties biacke guard) came in disordered Dimr tikm mancr and tooke away the dishes, and he whose hungry eie one dish could notsatislie, turned '""'*' two or llnve one into the otlu-r, and thus of a suJdeti was a cleane ridilauce made of all. The anibas.ador alter dinner with his gentlemen, by certaine oflicers were placed at the v])])cr cndc \p;)n the hit side of the ( ourt, ncre vnto a ureat gate which gniu- entrance to a third niiirt beiiii; liMl iitle, p.iued with st.iMC, In the niid^t whereof was a lille hou>e built o|' niariile, as I tike it, within wliiili sate tlie grand Signor, according to whose commandeiTient "iiien there were gownes (jf i loth of gold brought out of the war(lro|)e, and put vpon the """'"'."ffioih amii.ivs.idor and 7 of lii^ gentleineii, the aml)assador hiniselle h.iuing 'i, one of ^old, anil "mbis.jdorar!a the other of I liMioiiii \ehiel, all the re>t one a piece. Then lertaine Caiipagie-. had the '"' ''"''"""'• Present, whit I) was in trunks tliere ready, deliueied them by the ambassadors imn, it being VI goodly pieces of i;ill pl.ite. .{(i Ljarments of (iue I'.iiglish doth of al colors, 'iO garments '"'" '""■ --■"• of cloth oi' gold, 10 L'arnu'nis of saitiu, (» pieces of line Holland, and certaine other things ef good v.ihie ; al whiih were caried round about the court, each man taking a piece, being ill number very neer<- 100 parcels, and so 'i and 'igoinn round that all niiuht see it, to the ureattr gK'r\ nl' lie present, and of hint to wli ■ai it was giiien ; thev went into the inner- Tiie I'rtiot nici«t coari pa-sinu' bv the window ol tliat ,.:;ime, where the gr.uid Sii^uior sale, who, as jt ^'""•'''' went !'V to be l.ikl \p in ceilaine roonus .ili lining, tooke \iew ol" all. I'resenllv alter the present lolloped the anibass.idor with his ^entlen)en ; .it the gate of which court ;toode ;20 or.'JO A'jaus whii !i be euiuichs. Within the court yard were liie Turkes Dwarl'cs and Dtimbe men, being most of them youths. .\t the doore of his roonie stood the IJustangi-bassa, with auiiiher liassa to lead the ambassador and his folowers to tiu' grand Sii;ni')r who sate in a cliaire ef est lie, app relied in a L;owne of cloth of sihier. 1 he (loor(~ vnder his I'eete, which pari was .1 foote higher then the rest, was couered with .i carpel of green sattin end)rodered most lit lilv with siluer, orient perles & great lurke-cs ; \ I'llur part ol the house was ctniereil wiili ijsii n 4 ■•;,: 4M \'OYAGE.S. NAUIGATIONS, M. Rkh. II rfl5. I'ht ambaiudor kincth thf i;rAiid Sigiiipf) H-md. The.tmN.iJsador^ i !.(• Si.ltjn.is |U.*.i!:I- Ir'teri irnt I kngbtid- Thcotl.-rs Vi. it\'. j'K^cntiil. Ill ,1,1. Afc iiiit til' rpa 1 11,1 •i"- 4t; v.-rfcl. \>ith .1 carpet of Ciirnation satlin imbrndcrcd \V gold, none were in the roomc with him, hut a Bassa wlio stood next the w.ill oner a!»aiiist him han};inp down his head, A: lookin,; siih- miiscly vpon the ground at ail his siihiect-* doc in his presence. The ambassador tluH be- twixt two which sfoo nigh the dore anaine, where he stood viitill thev had likewise done so with ail tlie rest of his gentlemen. \Vhl( h ended, the ambassador, according as it i-i the cii^tome when any present is deiiiieri-d, in.nlc his three demaunds, such as he ihoiig'it most expedient lor iier maiesfics honor, iV the peace- able traffique of our natiO into his dominions : wherennio he answered in one word, Nuld, which is in Turkish as much a«, it shni Ik- done: for it is not the maner of the Tnrki«li em- peror familiarly to confer with any ('hri-.t!an ambassador, but he appointeth his \'j/ir in liis l)er> return \ wnuM m st delight her m.iicsiie : who sent w .rd that .isntc of princ<'ly attire heiii,, alter the fnrkish fi^hion would for the rarenesse thereof bi' acceptable in I'ngland Whrrt- lipon she sent an \ pper gowne of clolli o( ijold \er\ rii h, an \nder gowne id' i loth ol «il- ucr. and a Ljnlle ol Turkic workc, rich and faire, with a letter of i;rali(ication, wliiili (, r the r.ircnessr of the stile, because vou mav be ai(pi:,intcd with it, I linie at the cnde of ilil< discourse herciuito annexed, which letter and present, with one fmm the grand ,Sign(,r, ^^.^ sent bv M. F.dw.ird Hu-hcll, and Nf. William Aldridge oucr-lnul the 'iO id' March, wh.i p:i««cil through \:da( hia and Nfoldania, \ >n fhronL;h I'olanil, wIutc Mii had prin Mars, he stayed at h ,me. ^'et a great army was dispatilied this \ ere ; who. as thev ( aiae ( nt of .\sia to goe lor llnng:iry, did so |)ester the streets ol' ('(Uistantinoplc for the s|)a( e .'f two moneths in the -pring time, as searse either Ciiristian or lew c(ni!(l without danger of losing his money pa-sc vp and downe ih- city. What insolencies, murders and robhcncs were crmimitled not oncly vpon Christians but alsr) vpon Turks I omit to write, and I pray <;id in lln^land the like may neiier be scene : and vet I could wish, that siu'h amongst \s .u h.uic M.Rlrh. tt-raa. M. Richard Wrap;. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 447 haue imoyed the (>(ia of UoMia. ^ 80(K)0. The I!a-;a of Caramania. Thr lki>sa of l.aras. The lia-isa of Dainasco. The Has.'ia ^>a of Vsilrum 0{ lartars there be about l(KHH)0. Thus you may see that the great Turke maketh warre with no small numbers. And in anno 1597, \*lien Sultan M.ilioinet liiniselfe went in person into Hungary, if a man may bclecue reports, he had an army of (i(XKKK). For the cilv of Con-.iantinopk' you sliail vuderstaiul liiat it is niatchablc with any city in Europe, aswi-ll in bigncsse as lor the pleasant -iiuatiou thereof, and commodious traflike and brin'.;!ng of all inaner of necessary jirouisiou of victuals, and whatsoeuer els mans life fiir the siistiiiialiou tliereof shall require, being si-atcd \pon a promontorv, looking toward Pon- tus Eiixinus vpon the Northeast, and to l'r(>pontis on the Southwest, by which two seas by ship|)iMg is brought great store of all maner of victuals. The city it sell'e in forme repre- sciitelh a triangular ligure, the sea washing the walles vpon two sides thereof, the other side fareth the continent of Thracia; the grand Signiors seraglio standeth vpon that point which looketh into the sea, being cut oil' from the ciiv by a wall ; so that (' wall of his pallace con- teiiicth in circuit about two English miles : the seuen towers spoken of before stand at ano- ther ■i%~ }. mm it; . m ■ ■ ■ ^^V 'I 448 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Richard IVrap. I ihcr corner, & Constaiuincs nlilc pallacc to tlic North at the third corner. The city halh a (hrcofolde wall about it; the iiii)crii\(ist very hij;h, the next lower then that, and the third r. roiiutrrmiire, and is in circuit about ten Knulish niiU-s; it hath fouu and twenty jjates : ami when the empire was rcniooucd out of the Wei-t into the l-Iast, it wan inriclied with many spoilfN of olde Home by Vespasini\ and other cmpernurH, hauinjf many moninnentM and pli- lars in it worthy the oljiirnalion ; ainonij'*! the rest in the midst of ('on.slantlnople standrth one of white m;irblc called Ver.pasian.s pillar, of H8 or 10 yard-* high, whi(h, some ten yards distant from the wall : from which Milii these pillars is a nrr.it (jallery built, which gocih round about the church; and Npon the oiiiNideof the ),'allery stand ()() marble pillars which bcare vp the round roofc being the n y of the church; it hath three pulpits or preaching i)laccs, and about 'i(H)() lain|)e-i brought in by the Turke. Likewise ^ pon lie side in the top is the ])ictiire of Christ with the l'i,\|j(.- •-lies, but their faces are defnccil, with two or thrci" ancient tombs of Christians: to the Wc-i slicketh an arrow in the loppc of the Church, which, as the Turks report. Sultan Mahiniui shot uhen he first looke the citv. Neerc adiovniiiK be two ch.ipels of marble, where I;,' buried most of llie emperonrs with their children \ sultanas, 'fhe Iti of IiiK, accom|)aniul with soini' other of < iir nation we went bv w.iter to the Ulacke sea, being tti miles (li>i.ini fro Con-i.uiiiMople, the sea al the wav liiiiher being little broader then the 'fhames; hoih sides of the shore are be.inlilied witii faire & gocxlly buildings. At the imnith of this lins. ])horns lieth a rocke some foiirescore \ariis from the maine land, wliercNpon st.iiideth a while r«mrtyi jniUr. mai'ble ])illar (ailed I'om|ieys pill.ir, the shadow whereof w,is '.ilJ iootc long ;it nine of ilir clocke in the forciiiMnie: oiicr against it is a turret of sione vjU'O tin- maine l.tiul ri()si(|i. high, hauing a great glasse-lanihurne in the tnppc foiire siinls in diamitcr and three in heii;i|i, with a great copper pan in the mid-1 to holde oile, with twenty lights in it, and it -cnidli to ^iiie ])ass:ige into this straight in tin- night to sueh shij)-- as come from all parts of ilio.i' sens to Constantinople; it is contiiiii.illy kept by a Turke, who to y end hath pav of the grand Signior And thiis hauing spent elenen inoiieilis in Constantinople, ac(om|)anied will a (hause, iS,: caryiiig cerlaiiie mandates from the grand Signior to the Hassa of .Meppo for the kinile \s;igc of our nation in those parts, the ;{() of IiiK I looke |).i-sage in a 'Turkish c.irin..- s.ilertr shippe biuind for Sid(,ii; and p.tssiug thorow I'lc.poii-, luuiing S.iiinibri.i with ller.uli.i most pleas3ntl\ situated on the right li:ind, and I'rocdiic-iis ii(i\» Cillcil .\I;n-mora on the ji-ri. aai:.jx.l.. we came to (jallipc Iv, and so by llelles|)ont, bcHseeiie the two i ;;-tles Ixl'ore named c.illi.l Sestos and Abvdo . famous for the pass;iges made there bitli hv Xer\(- ;mu1 greit .'\!e\:ih'l(i. the one into Thr.n i.i, the other into .\sia, and so by the Sigcan l'ri)in(':ifor\ , now i ailed Capr ti .. lanil/ary, at the mouth ol llellcspnnt vpon Asia side, where I'rov stood, where are vet ruims of olde wallcs to be seciie, with two liils rising in a pir.imid.ill fonne, not viilikeK to he the tombs of .\chilles ;in(l Ai.ix I'rom thence we sailed along, hauing fenedus iind Leiniio- mi the right nalid, and the Troian fields on the left ; at length we came to \liivlen and Si,i Ion; lime inliabited by the Ciciiouescs, l)iit now \nder the Tiirke. I he Ibiul i- beautified with goodly buildings and pleasant uardens, and abonndeili wiili fruits, wine, and the gum n:a>- ticke. I''roin thence sailing .ilmiust ihe gnll'e of fiplicsus with Niiaria on the riuhl h;iiul, S:imos ami Sinirna on the left, we came to I'.itmos, where S. lohii wr<'te the Itenel.ilion. Tlir Hand is linl small, not aboue line miles in eompasse ; the chiefe thing it veeldetli is cirn ; it h.itli a port for shipping, and ui it is a ni(ma-ierv of (ireekish C.iloieros. from tliciue in- Cot Cos (now called Lango) where llipix rales was borne: \' passing many other llaiiils ami Hi.,. Piimo.. Rkhaul Wrap. M. Rich. fVrnff. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUEIUES. 4«» stayed three or foiirc dayos ; and l)y reaMon of a By whirli went in the ship to Paphos in Cy prui, will) vscd me With all kindncssi', I went ahoiit the city, and tookc the view of all : which < ity in still with all the hnii-iN and walliN thereof maintained in the same order ;w they tooke it IVoin llie Khddian knij;his, Oiirr ihedcxirfH of many of the houHeH, which he stronj^iy built of Htone, do rcmainc vndcliued, the arnuw of Mnnland, France, Spaine, and many other Christian knij^hts, ;iH tluuij^h the Tnrkes in the view thereof j;loried in the t.ikinj} of all Christendome, whose ar- mcs there they lieholde. From thenc e we Hailed to I'aphos an olde riiinoiH towne standing vpnn the Westcrne |)art of Cyprus, where S. I'aul in the Acts tonuericd the pouernor. Dc- |)nrtinj; hence, we i.injc to Sidon, by the Tiirkes tailed Saytosa, within tcnne or iwrliic miles sij,.ii. of the pla'C where Tirus stood, which now hein;; eaten in by the "ca, in, as F./.ekiel priiphe-K«.j sicd, a place li.r the spreading int of a net. Sidon it situated in a small hay at the foot of mount I.ih;inus, \pon the ^iJe of an hill looking; to the North ; it is walled about, with a castle nij,'h to the so.i, and one toward the land which is ruinated, but the w.dle thereof standeth. Some liidie mile \p Inward the inonntaine he ccrlaiiio mines of buildings, with marble pillars, re- inaiinng : lii-t re for throe dayes wc were kindly entertained of the Caplaine of liie castle : and ill ii -mall bait.ewe sailed from hence aloni; the -.hore to Tripoli, iV so to Alcxandrclta, where the ;i4 of Aiijiust we arriiied. IVoin thence with a Venetian carauan we went b\ land to Aleppo, paxsiiiK Ih Antioch, which is sealed \j)on the side of an hill, whose wailcs still stand Amiu.ii. with lU'tO turrets vpon them, anil necre a very jjrcat plaine which bcareth the name of the city, thcirow which runnelh the riuer Oroiites, in Scripture called Farfar. In Aleppo I stayed vn-Alq.p». till I'fbruarv follnwini; ; in this (itv, as at a mart, nu-ete many nations out eople of Ivunipe, hauin^ contiiuiall trallike and iiilerchanneablc course of marchaiidise one with aiKJiher : the slate and trade of wiiich place, bcc.une it is so well knowen to most of our nation I omilie to write of 'I'he 27. of February 1 departed from Aleppo, and the fii'ih of March imbarked my selfe at Ale\andrelta in a great -lup of Venice tailed the Nana Ferra, to I lime to Fiigl.inil. The 14 we put into Salino in Cypnii, where the ship stay iiiu; manv da)csto l.ide t oiion wool, .Hid iiihcr i umintKlities, in the meant- tnnt" accompanieilwiih M. William Uarret mv couiilrev m.iu, the master 'if the ship a (ireeke, ami others we tooke occa-ion to see Ni-Nicoiii iiKia, the i hiel'e city of this llaiul, whit h was some twenty miles I'nl this j)hice, whit h is si- iiiated at the liuit ol'an hill : to the Fast is a great plaine, extending it selfe in a greit length from the North to the Suulh : it is walletl about, but of no >uch strength as Fania<;usta (another (ity in this ll.iiid neere the Sea siile) whose walles arc cut tiut of the maine rocke In this liiv be mans snr.ipluous and gooiUy biiiltlings of stone, but vninhabitetl ; the can>o hIktcoI' thith giiie me i'.ist oi tasion to shew vou of a rare iutlgement of God vpon the owners ublicke basistane or market jjlace for the Turkes to sell commtxlities in; but beholde liie iudgemcnt of the right- cmis God, who payeth the sinner measure for measure, 'J he Turkes the yeere before the (iiicrihniwe giuen ihent at Lepanio by Don lohn tooke C'vprus. These mighty Nimrods lied some into holes &: some into niouiitaines to hide themselues ; whereupon the Turkes made };enerall proclamation, that if they would all come in and yecid themselues, they woulil re- VOL. II. .'J M store h; i I %^ i^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // Z ^ V] vl /: 5& k.*' sX ^^S ^ 7 1.0 I.I I IS 1 2.0 Uuu i 1.8 1.25 |u |i.6 < 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^4e Ms 'A o \^^ \ ^ %^ 450 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M.Rich. Wrag. 'Hi) tilt]-: ' :i) I H tiui'ans i>kitfiil The 'fuei .rptf of B;'ic, which can neither be darkened nor recciue detriment or hurt : but the Sunne rereiucth both in the Eclipse, as it is aparant : to which hee could not answere ; but vo they had rcreiucd from their ancestors, that it was without beginning or ende, as in any Orbicular or round bo- dy neither beginning or end could be found. He likewise sayd, that there were other Gen- tiles in ^ Indies which worship the moonc as chiefc, and their reason is. The moone when she riseth goeth with thousands of starres accompanied like n king, and therefore is chiel'e. but the Sunne goeth alone, and therefore not so great. Ag.Tinst whom the Banianes rea- son, that it is not true, because the Moone and starres receiue their light from the Snnne, neither doth the Sunne vouchsafe them his company but when he list, and therefore like a mighty prince goeth alone, yet they acknowledge the Moone as Qucene or Virenn. nprf- Law they hold none, but onely seuen precepts which they say were giuen them from their father Noe, not knowing Abraham or any other. First, to honor father and mother ; se- condly, not to steale ; thirdly not to commit iidultery ; fourthly not to kill any thing lin- ing ; fiftly, not to cate any thing lining ; sixlly, not to cut their haire ; seuenthly, to i;(i barefoot in their churches. These they hold most sirirtiv, & by no meanes will hrcake them : but he that breaketh one is punished with twenty stripes; but for the greatest fanli they will kill none, neither by a short death nor a long, onely he is kept some time in prison with very little meat, and hath at the most not nboue twenty or line & fwentie stripes. In the yeerc they haue 16 feasts, and then thev go to their church, where is pictured in a broad table the Sun, as we vse to paint it, the fare of a man with beames round about, not hauing any thing els in it. At their feast they .spot their faces in diuers parts with salli-on all yellow, and so waike vp and downc the streets ; and this they doe as a custonie. Thev hold, there shalbe a resurrection, and all shall come to iudgement, but the ncroimt shalbe nuKi Htreight, insomuch that but one of ilKXX) shalbe receiued to fauor, and those shall line ngaine in this world in great happine.sse : the rest shalbe tormented. And because they will e-rapc this iudgement, when any man dieth, he and his wife be both bdrnt together euen to .islivs and then they are throwcn into a riucr, and so dispersed as though they had neuer heiu-. If the wife will not burne with her dead husband, she is holden euer alter as a whore. And by this meanes they hope to escape the iudgement to come. As for the soule, that goeth to the place from whence it came, but where the place is they know not. That the body should not be made agaiue they reason \V the philosophers, saying, that of nothing nothing can be nude M. Rich. Wrag. The Sultanas letter. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 451 made (not knowing that God made the whole world and their god the Sun of nothing) but beholding the course of nature, that nothing is made but by a meanes, as by the seed of a man is made another, and by corne cast into the ground there commcth vp new come : so, say they, man cannot be made except some part of him be left, and therefore they burne the whole : for if he were buried in the earth, they say there is a small bone in the necke which would neuer be consumed : or if he were eaten by a beast, that bone would not consume, but of that bone would come another man ; and then the soule being restored againe, he should come into iudgement, whereas now the body beinj? destroyed, the soule shall not be iudged: for their opinion is, that both body and soule must be vnited together, as they haue sinned toge- ther, to recciue iudgement ; and therefore the soule alone cannot. Their seuen precepts which they kcepe so strictly are not for any hope of reward they haue after this life, but one- ly that they may be blessed in this world, fur they thinke that he which brcaketh them shall haue ill successe in all his businesse. They say, the three chiefe religions in the world be of the Christians, lewes, & Turks, & yet but one of them true : but being in doubt which is the truest of the three, they will be of none : for they hold that all these three shall be iudged, and but few of them which be of the true shall be saued, the examination shall be so straight ; and therefore, as 1 haue sayd before, to prcuent this iudgement, they burne their bodies to ashes. They say, these three religions haue too many precepts to keepc them all wel, & therefore wonderfull hard it wil be to make ac- count, because so few doc obserue all their religion aright. And thus passing the time for the space of three moneths in this sea voyage, wc arriucd at Venice the tenth of lune : and after I had scene Padua, with other English men, I came the ordinary way ouer the Alpes, by Augusta, Noremberg, and so for England ; > here to the praise of God I safely arriued the ninth of August I59&. A letter written by the most high and mighty Empresse the wife of the Grand Signior Sultan Murad Can to the Quecnes Maiesty of England, in the yeere of our Lord. 1594. IL principio del ragionamento nostro sia srrittiira perfelta nelle quatro parte del mondo, in nome di qiicllo chc ha crcato indiflercntemcnte tante infinite creature, che non haueuano anima ni persona, & di qucllo chc fa girargli none cieli, & chela terra sette volte vna sopra I'nltra fa lirmar; (iignor & Re senza viccre, & che non ha comparacion alia sua creatione DC opera, & vno scnza prerio, adorato incomparabilmente, I'allissimo Diu creatore; chc non na similitudine, si come c descrito dalli propheli: a la cui grandessa non si arriue, & .ill:i pcrfetlione suti roinpiiita non si oppone, & quel omnipotente creatore & cooperatore; :illa grandcssn del quale inchinano tutti li prophcti; fra quali il maggior & che ha ottenuto i^racia, hortu del paradiso, ragi dal sole, amato del alti.ssimo Dio e Mahomet Mustaifa, al qua! & suoi adherent! & imitntori sia perpetua pace: alia cui sepultura odorifera si fu ogni hunore. Quello che 6 imperalor dc sette climati, & delle quatro parti del mondo, inuinci- bile He di Graccia, Agiamia, Vngeria, Tarlaria, Valachia, Rossia, Turchia, Arabia, Bagdel, Carnmania, AbesMs, Giouasir, Siruan, Barbaria, Algieri, Franchia, Coniacia, Belgrado, &r. i-cniijrc fciicissimo, & dc dodcci Auoli possessor della corona, & della stirpe di Adam, tin hora Imperator, tigliolo del'Imperatore, conseruato de la diuina prouiden/a. Re di ogni dig- niia & honore. Sultan Murat, chc II Signor Dio sempre augmenti le sue forzze, & padre di qucllo a cui aspetia la corona impcriale, horto & cypre.sso mirabile, degno della sedia regale, & vcro hercde del comando iniperiale, dignissimo Mehemel Can, filiol de Sultan Murat Can, die dio compisca li suoi dissegni, & alunga li suoi giorni felici: Dalla parte della madrc del (|iial si serine la prescnte alia serenissima & gloriosissima fra le prudentissime Donne, & eletla fra li triomfanti sotto il standardodi lesuChristo, potentissima & ricchissima regitrice, k al mondo singularissinia fra il feminil ses.so, la serenissima Regina d'Ingilterra, che segue lo vestigic dc Nlaria virgine, il fine della quale sia con bene & pcrfetlione, secondo il siio (Icsiderio. Lc nundo vna salutaciun di pace, cosi honorata, che non basta tutta la copia di rosignoli con le luro musichc ariuare, nun chc con questa carta: I'amore siiigulare che e 3 M 2 conciput* ir !fc' 4b% VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, The Sultanas letter '( ! ,'i;, jF conciputo fra noi.Cfiimile avn'horto di Vccelli vagi ; che il Signor Dio la faci degna di saluacione, & il fine buo sia tale, che in qiiesto mondo 8c nel' futuro sia con pace. Doppo compani li suoi honorati present! da la sedia de la Serenita vostra, Hapera che sono capitati in vna hora che ogni punto e stato vna consolation di lungo tempo, per occasione del Amba»«adore di vo- stra serenita venuto alia felice porta del Imperatore, con tanio nostro conlcnto, qiianto si posso desiderare, & con quello vna Icttcra di vostra serenetik, che ci caiafa prcsentata dalli nostri Eunuchi con gran hnnore; liccarta de la quale odoraua di camrora & ambracano, & I'inchiofitro di musco pcrfefto, te quella pemeniita in nostro mano tiitta la confincnza di essa a parte ho ascoltato intenfamentc. Qiicllo che hora si coniiiene e, che corrcspnndente alia nostra aflecione, in tutto quello che si aspeila allie cose attenrntc alii paewi che sono sotto il commando di vostra serenitA, lei non manchi di sempre tenrrmi, dato noticia, che in lutio quello che li occoreri, lo possi compiaceria; de quello che fra le nosirc »erenir;\ r conueniente, acciochc quelle cose che si intcrprcndcrano, habino il desiderato buon fine; perche lo saro sempre ricordeuole al altissimo Imperatore delle occorenze di vostra serenita, per che sia in o^ni occasione compiaciuta. La pace sia con votfra serenita, & con qiielli che seguitano dretamcnte la via di Dio. Scritta al primi dell luna di Rabie Liuol, anno del proleta 1002, 8c di lesu 1594. The same in English. LEt the beginning of our discourse be a perfect writing in the foure parts of the world, in the name of him which hath indifferently created such infinite numbers of creatures, whirh had neither soule nor body, and of him which mooueth the nine hcauens.and stnblisheth the earth .seuen times one aboue another, which is Lord and king without any deputy, who hath nn comparison to his creation and worke, and is one inestimable, worshipped without all com- parison, the most high God, the creator, which hath nothing like vnto him, according as he is described by the Prophets, to whose power no man can atlaine, and whose absolute per- fection no man may controll; and that omnipotent crealourand fellow-worker, to whose .Ma- iesty all the Prophets submit thcinselucs, among whom the greatest, and which hath ob- tained greatest fauour, the garden of Paradise, the beame of the Sunne, the beloued of the most high God is Mahomet Mustafa, to whom and to his adherents and followers be pcrpe- tuall peace, to whose fragrant sepulture all honour is performed. He which is empernnr of the seuen climats and of the foure parts of the world, the inuincible king of Gnecia, A,i;ia- mia, Hungaria, Tartaria, Vulachia, Rossia, Turchia, Arabia, Bagdet, Caramania, Abcssi<, Giouasir, Siruan, Barbaria, Alger, Franchia, Coniacia, Belgrade, &c. alwayes most happv, and possessour of the crowne from twelne of his ancestours ; and of the seed of Adam, at this present emperour, the sonne of an emperour, preserued by the diuine prouidencc, a king woorthy of all glory and honour. Sultan Murad, whose forces the Lord God alwaye^ increase, and father of him to whom the imperiall crowne is to descend, the paradise and woonderfull U cypresse, worthy of the royall throne, and true heire of the imperiall au- thority, most woorthy Mehemet Can, the sonne of Sultan Murad Can, whose enterprise God vouchsafe to accomplish, and to prolong his happy dayes: on the behalfe of whose mo- ther this present letter is written to the most gracious and most glorious, the wisest among i'iTMlIJli?*' " women, and chosen among those which triumph vnder the standard of lesus Christ, ihc most mighty and most rich gouernour, and most rare among womankinde in the world, the most gracious Queene of England, which follow the steps of the virginc Mary, whose end be prosperous and perfect, according to your hearts desire. I send your Maiesty so honor- .ible and sweet a salutation of peace, that al the flocke of Nightingales with their mrhxiy cannot attaine to f like, much lesse this simple letter of mine. The singular loue which we haue conceiued one toward the other is like to a garden of pleasant birds: and the Lord God vouchsafe to saue and keepe you, and send your Maiesty an happy end both in this world and in the world to come. After the arriuall of your honourable presents from the Court of your Maiesty, your Highnesse shall vnderstand that they came in such a season that eurry minute miniatrcd occasion of long cOsolation by reason of the commiitg of your Maiestics Ambassadoiir Tlis SulMMt il mother to M»- kliinwt which l/l The Suttanai tetter The Sultanas letter. TRAFnQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 468 ci degna di saluacione, Doppo compani li I capitati in vna hora el Atnbamadore di vn- 'o conlcnto, qtianio si Cittata prcsentata dalli bra & ambracano, & ta la cnntincnza di essa he coiTCspondente alia pani che sono xotin il ) noticia, che in tutto le nostrc serenity c de tentiuely from point to point. I thinke it therefore expedient, that, according to our mu« tuail affection, in any thing whatsoeuer may concerne the countrcys which are subiect to your Maiesty, I neuer faile, hauing information giuen vnto me, in whatsoeuer occasion shall be ministred, to gratifie your Maiesty to my power in any reasonable and conuenient matter, that all your subiects businesses and afTaircs may haue a wished and happy end. For I will fliwayes be a sollicitour to the most mighty Emperour for your Maiesties affaires, that your Maiesty at all times may be fully satisfied. Peace be to your Maiesty, and to all such as follow rightly the way of God. Written the first day of the Moone of Rabie Liuol in the yere of the Prophet, 1003. Ann. Dom. ire parts of the worlil, hers of creatures, which and innblisheth the earth y deputy, who hath nn ipprd without all com- lo hiui, according as he id whose absolute per- w-worker, to whose .Ma- ;st, and which hath ob- ine, the beloued of the nd followers be pcrpe- e which is emperotir of I king of (iRccia, Aijia- •t, Caramania, Abcs«i«, alwayes most happy, )f the seed of Adam, at he diuine prouidence, a ;s the Lord (rod alwaye^ scend, the paradise and rirc of the impcriall an- Can, whose enterprise he behalfe of whose ino- rious, the wisest among lard of lesus Christ, the nkinde in the world, the irginc Mary, whose end your Maiesty so honor- gales with their mclcxly e singular loue which we birds: and the Lord God y end both in this world esents from the Court of such a season that eiiery uraing of your Maiesties Ambassadour .ijAl 1 :•*-;;. WW' m.- \\' a5 The second part of this second volume GOMTAmoia turn noKUAU. NAUIGATIONS, VOYAGES, TRAPHQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, o» Tm ENGLISH NATION, ♦lADE TO THE SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST QUARTERS OF THE WORLD, WITHOUT THX STRAIGHTS OF OIBRALTAR, MAUILT TO THE ILANDS OF MADERA, AND OF THE CANARIES, lO THE KINODOME OF BARBARIE, TO THE ILES OF CAPO VERDE, TO THE RIUER OF 8ENZOA, TO THE COAST OF OHINEA AND BENIN, ABOUT THE CAFE OF BUONA ESPERANSA, AND SO TO GOA IN THE EAST INDIES, AND UKEWISE BEYOND CAFE COMORI TO THE ILES OF NICUBAR, TO SUMATRA, TO THE CHANELL OF SINCAFURA OUER AGAINST THE CITY OF MALACCA, AND TO OIUERS OTHER PLACES. The voyage of \facham an English man, wherein he firat of any man diiicouercd the Hand of Madera, recorded verbatim in the Porfugall history, written by Antonio Galuano. IN the yeerc 1344, King Peter the fourth of that name reigning in Aragon, the Chronicles of hi« age write that about this time the Hand of Madera, standing in 32 degrees, wasMxiciaemdi,- discouered by an English man, which was named Macham, who sailing out of England into """•'"'' ""' Spainc, with a woman that he had stollen, arriued uj tempest in that Hand, and did cast Eufiuhmw! anker in that hauen or bay, which now is called Machico after the name of Macham. And berause his louer was sc.t-sicke, he went on land with some of his company, and the shippe with a good winde made sailc away, and the woman died for thought. Macham, which Mwhim mdr loucd her dearely, built a chapcll, or hermitage, to bury her in, callinir it by the name of'""":'''!*'' lesus, and caused his name and hers to be written or grauen vpon the stone of her tombc,ciui>lish men, Trom proceeding in a voyage which they were pre> paring for (iiiinca, 1481, tuken out of the booke of the workei^ of Garcias de Rcsendc, which inlreatcth o( the life and acts of Don luhn the second, king of Portugall. Chap. 33. ANd aflerwanl<4 the king sent as Ambatsndnun* from the towne of Monte maior to king Edward the fourth of Iviigland, Kuy de Souna, a principal! person, and a man of great wise- ilomo and estimation, and in whom the king reposed great trust, with doctor lohn d'EluaH, »nd Ferdinand de Pina, ao secretario. And they made their voyage by sea very honourably, being very well accompanietl. These men were sent on the behalfe of their king, to con-Thefi.it cmr (irme the ancient leagues with England, wherein it was conditioned that the new king of the ^''|"' ""'"'* one and of the other kingdonie, should be bound to send to conflrme the olde leagues. And likewise they had onlcr to -shew and make him acquainted with the title which the king held ''■'" "">"* in the segneury of Ginnce, lo the intent that after the kins; of England had scene the same, """' he should giue charge ihorow all his kingdomes, that no man should armc or set foorth ships to Ginnee: and also lo request him, th.it it would please him to giue commandement to dis- ''''" 'h'"* soluc a crrtaine fleet, which one lohn Tintam and one William Fabian, English men, were"" making, by commandement of the duke of Medina Sidonia, to goe to the aforesayd parts of Ginnre. \Viih which ambassage the king of England seemed to be very well pleased, and they were recciued of him with very great honour, and he condescended vnto all that the nmbassadours required of him, at whose hands they receiued authenticall writings of the dili- i;ence whicli ihey had performed, with publication thereof by the heralds: and aNo prouisoes (if those confirmations which were necessary. And hauing dispatched all things well, and with the kings go(xl will, they returned home into their countrey. A briefc note concerning an ancient trade of the English Marchants to the Canarie- ilands, gathered out of an olde ligier booke of M. Nicolas Thornc the elder a worshipfull marchant of the city of Bristoll. IT appeareth cuidently out of a certaine note or letter of remembrance, in the custody (>r me Kichird Ilakluyt, written by .\f. Nicolas Thorne the elder a principall marchant of Brisloll, to his friend and iactour Thomas Midnall and his owne seruant William Ballard at that time resident at S. Lucar in Andalu/.ia ; that in the yeere of our Lord \b26 (and by all Th^ Eniiith ( iriumstancei and probabilities long before) certaine English marchants, and among the 'est J'^^" "J™''' himscife with one Thomas Spacheford exercised vsuall and ordinary trade of marchandise c tu^?'°^M'»."' that the water of a slurc may come ouer euery roote being couered with earth : this root bringelh foorth sundry canes, and so consequently all the rest. It groweth two yceres before the yeelding of profit, and not sixc moneths, as Andrew Theuct the French man writcth. Then arc they cut euen with the ground, and the tops & leaues called Coholia cut off, and The nukinf yv the canes bound into bundels like fuggots, and so arc caried to the sugar house called Inge-'"*"' nio, where they are ground in a mill, and the iuvcc thereof conueyed by a conduct to a great ves^ell made for the purpuHe, where it is boiled till it waxc thicke, and then is it put into a fornacc of earthen pots of the molde of a sugar loafe, and then is it carried to another house, called a purging house where it is placed to purge the blacknessc with a certainc clay that is Inyd thereon. Of the remainder in the cauldron is made a second sort railed Escumas, and of the purging liquor that druppeth from the white sugar is made a third sort, and the remainder is called Pancia or Nctas, the refuse of all the purging is called Remiel or Ma- lasses ; and therrof is made another sort called Kefinado. When litis first fruit is in this sort gathered, called I'lania, then the Cane-field where it grew is burned ouer with su^ar straw to the stumps of the first canes, and being husbanded, watred and Irimincd. nl the cud of other two yecres it yeeldeth the second fruit called Zoca. The thini fruit is (ailed Tenia Zoca, the fourth Quarta Zoca, and so orderly the rest, til age rauseth the olde (^1nes to be planted againe. This Hand hnlh singular goial wine, especially in the townc of Telde, and sundry sorts ofwirw. good fruits, as Batatas, .\felloiis, Pcares, Apples, Orenges, Limons, Pomgranats, Figs, Peaches (if diucrs sorts, and many other fruits : but csi>ecially the Plantano which groweth neerc pununi. broiike sides, it is a tree that hath no timber in it, but groweth directly vpward with the body, hailing maruelous thicke leaues, and euery leafe at the toppc of two yiirds long and alin(Mt halfc a yard bro.id. The tree neuer yeeldeth fruit but once, and then is cut downe ; in whose |)l.ice spring! ih another, and so still continueth. The fruit groweth on a branch, and euery tree yeeldeth two or three of those branches, which beare some more and some Icsse, as some forty and some thirty, Ihe fruit is like a Cucumber, and when it is ripe it is blacke, and in eating more delicate then anv consenie. This Hand is sulBcientiy prouided of Oxen, Kine, Camels, Goats, Sheepe, Capons, Hens, Ducks, and Pidgeons, and great Partridges. Wood is the thing that most wanteth: and be- raiise I hauc pariiciilarlv to iiiireat of the other sixe Hands, I leaue further inlarging uf Ca- naria, which standeth in 27 degrees distant from the Kqu.itor. The He of Tenerif. "" Tile Hand uf Tenerif siandeth in 21 degrees and a halfe from the equator, and is distant from Caiiaria 12 lea;;iuN Northward. This Hand conlaineth 17 leagues in length, and the l.md lieth high in forme of a ridge of sowen lande in some part of England, and in the midst (if the sayd place >tai)(leth a round hill called Pico Deteithe, situated in this sort. The top of tliispikeconteineth ofheigth directly vpwnrd 15 leagues & more, which is 45 English miles, out of the which often times proceedeth fire and brimstone, and it may be about halfe a mile ill c(imp.issc: the sayd top is in forme or likenesse of a caldron. But within two miles of the Top is nothing but ashes & piimish stones : yet beneath that two miles is the colde region ( oiieretl all the yere with snow, and somwhat lower arc mighty huge trees growing called Vi- ii.iiicu, which arc exceeding hcauv and will not rot in anv w.itcr although they lie a thousand 3 N 2 vceres I 4410 VOYAGES, NAiriOATIONS. Thom(i» Nlmh. m ^^'i yfcrw therein, Alto ihert ir a wooJ ralleil narlnwano, of like vrrlue, with many Saiiii,,. ircM anil Pine tree*. Ami beneath ihcitc nort* of tnc* arc wcmhI^ of Bay tree* of ten A- \'> milm long, which i* a picaunt thin^ )•> iratiell ihoruw, amon^ the whirh are great nnmhrn nf amall birdi, which nin^ exceeding nwpi-t, but e«pcci«lly one aort that are very lillr, and nf colour in all reii(>eriM like a Swallow, waning (hat he hath a little blackennm on hix hrralliecaricv Of the wood of thiw tree are made l.irgeN greatly exteemcd, becaute if any xwnrd or dn^^ir hit ihereon, thry Hiicke ho faxt that it i^ hard plucking them out, ilii* in the mnxt fruilfull Hand of ail the rcxl for curne, and in that reipecl is a innilur ur nurse to all the other* in time ofnenl. There growelh also a certaiiie ino«, and hiiaband men. fifuCnti. There are other foure towne called the carle of Gomera. Rut in c.ise of any controuersie the \x«sals may appeale to the kings sujterior bulges which reside in Canaria. Thia Hand hath one proper towne called Gomera, which halh an excellent good port or harbour for ships, where often times the Indian fleet take refreahing for their voyage. There Thomait Nlroli. 'fhomai Mioh. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S. Ml There in alau •uffii icnt Rninc and fruit Tor the niiinienancr nf Uiemitclueii. There ii one In^cnio or SiiKar-houite, with great plenty of wine and other aorlN of fruitu, a* Canaria and Tcni'rir hath. Thi« Hand yecldelh no other commodity but onely orchell ; it otandrth in 87 degrees di!»< lant from the E(|uat(ir toward the pole Arclirke, The lie r)r I'alma. TlIc lie of Palmi Niandrih twcliie IcaRiic* distant from the He of (iomera NorihwcHtward- Thii Hand i^ fruilfiill of wine and nugar: it hath a proper city railed the city of I'alma, where in KCt*"' contraction for winex, which are liidcn fur the West India & other places. Thiii tiiv liaih one fuirc church, and a Koucrnour, and aldermen to maintaine and execute iiiNticc. Ii haih aUo another pretv tnwnr, called S. Andrcwrx. (i hath aUo fnurc Ingcuion which make c\i client Niigar, two of the which arc called Zauxe^, and the other two, Ta^wacort. Thiitlland yecldcth but little brcad-corne; but rathci U thereof prouidcd from Tenerif and other placcH. Their be<4| wines grow in a noilo called the Rrcnia, where ycerely in gathered tweluc thou- Rjnd buiN of wine like viiio Mulm.4ie!4. Thi** Hand Mandeth round, and containeth in circuit neerr line and iweniy Icagucn. It hath plenty of all xortu of fruitst, as Canaria and Tcncrifhaue, it ittandcth in twenty iteucn degrees and a halfc. The Hand of Yron, called Ilierro. Tllit Hand Ntandclh ten league* distant from the Hand of Palma WeDiward: it is but a little Hand, wliii'h cont.iineth sixe leagueit in circuit, and hath but small extcnoion. It appcrlaincih to the carle of (iomera. The chicfest comm(Hli(y of this Hand is goats flesh and orchell. There is no wiiic in all thai il.ind, but onely one vineyard that an English man of Tauuton in the ThfunrKvint. West cdunlrey planted among rock*, hia name wan luhn Hill, I'lMldhJ"'.". This Ihuul hath no kind of fresh water, but onely in the middle of the Hand groweth a great U!il of i ium^n. ircc with Icauea like an Oliuc tree, which hath a great cistcrne at the loot of the vayd tree. This tree ( ontinually is couereh and orchell. It is an carlcdomc, and (loth appert.iinc to Don Augustine dc Ilcrrerj, with title of carle of Fonauentura and I^inzarnta. But the \.issal» of these Ciirlctlonu-s may in anv cause of wrong appeale t>', !l sKi mUI' ' <1 I ' [ i' I 'I' I'll \ '■ 46'> VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The I. voyage In Barbaric. Both Fortcucntura and Lanzarota haue very little wine of the growth of those Hands. Ii standcth in 27 degrees. Thus much hanc I written of these seiien Hands by experience, because I was a dweller there, as I haue sayd before, the space of seuen yeeres in the affaires of master Thomas Lorko, master Anthonie Hickman, and uia-iier Edward Castelin, who in those dayes were worthy merchants, and of t,icat crcdite in the citie of London, A description of the Hand of \fadera. TIIc Hand of Madera standeth in 32 degrees distant from the cquinoctinall line, aiul se- uentie leagues from the He of Tenerif Northeastward and Southwest from Hercules pillars This Hand was (ir-it di«couercd by one Macham an Englishman, and was after conquered and inhabited l)v llie Poriugall nation. It was first called the Hand of Madera, by reason of ihc jircat wildc'rncsse of sundry sortes of trees that there did growe, and yet doe, as Cednrn, Cypres, Vinatico, Barbuzano, Pine trees, and diners olaers, and therefore the savd I!;in(l c()Mtiiiucth still with the same name. Howbeit they hold opinion, that betweene the sa\(| Hand and the He of Palma is an Hand not yet discoucrcd, which is the true Hand Madera called saint Brandon. This Hand yeeldeth a great summeof money to the king of l'ortiij;all yerrelv : it hath one faire citie called Pouchall, which hath one faire port or harlxmr tor shippes, and a Mrniig biilwarke, and a faire Cathedrall church, with a bishop and other di.;- nitics thereunto appertaining. There is also iustice and gouernment according to the I'l.r- tugall vse. But causes of appellation are remitted to the citie of Lisbone in Portugall tn ilu' kin>^^ superior iudges there. This Hand hath another towne called Machico, which hath like- wise a good road for ships, which towne and road were so called after the name of M.iclinii the Englishman, who first discouered the same. There are also sixtcene sugar houses (ajlcl Ingenios, wliidi make excellent <;ood sugar. There is licsides the gowlly timber before declared, great store of diners sortes of friiitcs, .as Peares, Apples, Plummes, wild Dates, Peaches of diners sortes, Mcllons, Batatas, Orcnue., Lemmoiw, Pomgraitates, Citrons, Figues, and all maner of garden hcrbes. There are iii;.in Dragon trees, such as grow in the Canarie Hands, but chiefly this land prmluceth great ()iijm- titic of singular goo' people therei'f liueth by hnsbandrie, for the Hand of Madera veeldeth but litle come, hut rather is thereof prouidcd out of France and from the liaiul of IVncrir. On the E.ast side (| the He of .Madera si\c liMgiKS distant standeth .mother lille Hand called the Desert, \>lii(!' producelh onely Orihell, and nourisheth a great number of Goatcs, for the pnniision of the maine Hand, which may be thirtie leagues in circuit: and the land is of great hciglh where tiie foresayd trees growe. It is woonder to see the conueyance of the water to the Ingenios In .Mines through the mountaines. In the mill way betweene Tenerif aiul the Hand of .Madera standeth a litle solitarie Ilaiul called the .Saluages, which may bee about one league in compasse, which hath neither tree m r /ruif, but is oiiely food for Goates. The originall of the first voya;;e fortrafPique into the kingdom of .Marocro in Bar- baric, begun in the yeere \'tj\. wilha tall ship called the Lion of London, where- of went as captaine Master Thomas Windam, as appearelh by this extract of a letter of lames ,\ldaie, to the worshipfull master .Michael Locke, which Aldaie professclh himselfe to haue bene the first inuentorof this trade. WOrshipful Sir, hauing lately bene acquainted with \our intent to prosecute the olde in- termitted discoiierie for Catai, if therein with my knowledge, trauell or indusfrie I mav diie vou seniicc, I am readie to doe it, and therein to adtienture my life to the vttermost point. Tnipth it is, that I haue bene by some men (not my friends) enill spoken of at London, say- ing that although I be a man of knowledge in the Arte of Nauigalion and ('osmographie, anil that 1 haue bene the inuenter of some voyages that be now growen to great effect; yet say they Theivoiageto Bar. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 463 they maliciously and without iust cause, that I haue not not bene willing at any season to proceed in those voyages that I haue taken in hand, taking example especially of two voy- ages. The one was when I was master in the great Barke Aucher for the Leuant, in which voyage I went not, but the causes they did not know of my let from the same, nor of the other. But first the very tniefh is, that I was from the same voyage letted by the Princes letters, which my Master .Sebastian Gabota had obtained for that purpose, to my great griefe. And as touching the second voyage which I inuented for the trade of Barbaric, the lining Godknoweth that 1 say most true, that when the great sweate was, (whereon the chicfe of those vith whom I ioyncd in that voyage died, that is to say, Sirlohn Lutterell, lohn Fletcher, Henry Ostrich and others) I my selfewas also taken with the same sweate in London, and after it, whether with euill diet in keeping, or how I know not, I was c.nst into such an extreame feuer, as I was neither able to ride nor goe: and the shippe being at Portesmouth, Thomas Windam h.id her away from thence, before I was able to stand vp-^n my legges, bv whom I lost at that instant fourescore pound. Besides I was appointed by tliem that died (if they had lined) to haue had the whole gouernment both of shippe and goods, because I was to them the sole inucnier of that trade. In the first voyage to Barbary there were two Moores, being noblemen, whereof one was of the Kings blood, conuayed by the said Master Thomas Windham into their Countrey out of England, Yours humble at your commandement, lames Alday. The second voyage to Barbary in the yeere I552. Set foorth by the right worship- full .Sir lohn Yorkc, Sir William Gerard, Sir Thomas Wroth, Master Frances Lambert, Muster Cole, and others; Written by the relation of Master lames Thomas then Page to Master Thomas Windham chicle Capiaine of this voyage. THe sliippes ihat wont on this voyage werethrcc, whereof two were of the Riuer of Thames, That is lo say, the Lyon ofLondon, whereof Master Thomas Windham was Captaine and part owner, of about an hundred & fiftie tunnes: The other was the Buttolfe about fourescore tiinnc-i, .niid a Portiigall Carauel bought of certaine Portugals in New|H)rt in Wales, and fraight- fd tor this voyage, of sumine sixtie tunnes. The number of men in the Fleele were an hun- dred and twentic. The Master of the Lyon was one lohn Kerry of Mynhed in Somersetshire, his Mate w.-»s Dauid Landman. The chiefe Captaine of this small Fleete was Master Thomas Windhnm a Norrtoike gcntl?man borne, but dwelling at NLirshfield-parke in .Somerset shire. Th'sFlei'le departed out of King-rode neere Bristoll about the beginiiin'; of May 15.')2. be- iii); on n Munday in the morning: and the Munday fortnight next ensuing in the euening (.line loan ancker at ihcir first port in the roade of Zaiia, or Asali on the co.ist of Barbaric, standing in .'i'i. !i- of the moneth of October, I.j.j2. A voiage made out of England vnfo (luinea and Benin in .\ftVikc, at the charges of certaine marchants Aduenfurers of the Citie of Lon^Ion, in the yeere of our Lord !.">.').'{. I Was desired by certaine of my friends to make some mention of this Voiage, that some memorie thereof might rcmaine to our pohteritie, if either iniquitie of time consuiuinj; all things, or ignorance creeping in by barbarousnesse and contempt of knowledge should Iutc- al'ter burv in obliuion so woortliie attempts, so much the greatlier to bee esteeiued, as hcli.ri neuer enterprised by E.nglishmen, or at the least so frequented, as at this present thcv arc, and may bee, to the great comiiKKliiie of our marchants, if the same be not hindered liv ilu' ambition of such, as for the conquering of fortie or (iftie miles here and there, and errcniii; (if certaine fortresses, thinke to be Lordes of halfe the world, enuving that other should eriim the couunodities, which they themsclues cannot wholv posscssc. Anil although such as liaiic bene at charges in the discouering and conquering of such laiules ought by gocnl reason i(i haue certaine priuileges, prcheniinences, and iribulcs for the same, vet C'o spcakc vnder cur- rcction) it may secme soniewiiat rigorous, and agavnsi goixl reason and conscience, or rather aaayiisf the charitie that ought to be among Christian men, that such as inu.idc thedomininns of other should not permit other friendiv to \scthe trade of marchandise in places neerer, ur scldonie fre<|uented of them, whereby their trade i-. not hindered iu such |)laces, where liicv themsclues haue at their owne election a|)pointed the Martesof their tradike. But forasnuidi as at this present it is not my intent to accuse or defend, approoiie or improoue, 1 will cmsc to spc'ake any further hereof, and proceed to the dc>criptiii) of the lirst voyage, as brielly and faithfully as I was aduerlised of the same, by the iufonnation of such credible persons, as made diligent inquisition to know the Irueth thereof, as nuicli as shall be requisite, omit- ting tosj)eake of many particular things, not greatly nccessaric to be knowen : which neiier- lhele»i' The a. voi. to Bar. Thotms Windham. TRAFFIQUES, AND DBCOUERIES. 4m thelesse, with also the exact course of the nauigation, shall be more fully declared in the m- cond voiage. And if herein fauour or friendship shall perhaps cause some to thinke that some haue bene sharply touched, let them lay apart fauour and friendship, and giue place to truethj that honest men may receiue prayse for well doing, and lewd persons reproch, as the iust stipend of their eiiill dcsertes, whereby other may be deterred to doe the like, and vertuous men encouraged to proceed in honest attempts. But that these voyages may be more plainly vnderstood of all men, I haue thought good for this purpose, before 1 intreat hereof, to make a briefe description of Africa, being that great part of the world, on whose West side beginncth the coast of Guinea at Cabo Verde, about twelue degrees in latitude, on this side the Kquinoctiall line, and two degrees in longitude from the measuring line, so running from the North to the South, and by East in some places, within 5, 4, niid^J degrees and a lialfe vntn the Equinoctiall, and so foorth in maner directly East and by Nortli, for the space of 3G degrees or tlicreabout, in longitude from the West to the East, as shall more plainly appeare in the description of the second voyage. A briefe description of Afrike gathered by Richard Eden. IN Africa the Icsse arc these kingdoms : the kingdom of Tunis and Constantina, which is Tumi. at this day vndcr Tunis, and also the region of Bugia, Tripoli, and E/zah. This part of Afrike x"|pou, is very barren by reason of the great deserts, as the deserts of Numidia and Barca. The prin- Numidia. cipall ports of the kingdome of Tunis are these: Golctta, Bizerta, Potofarnia, Bona, and Stora. The chicfe cities of Tunis are Constantina and Bona, with diuers other. Vnder this kingdom are many Hands, as Zerbi, Lunpadola, Pantalarcn, Limoso, Belt, Gamelaro, and Malta, where lUndiofTuaii. at this present is the great master of the Ithode.s. Vndcr the South of this kingdom are the Th!i'^e«m of great deserts of Lybia. All the nations in this Africa the Icssc are of the sect of Mahomet, Lyba. and u rusticall people, liuing scattred in villages. The l>est of this p.irt of Afrike is Barbaria Barbaric King on the coast of the sea Meditcrranemn. Mauritania (now called Barbaria) is diuided into two parts, as Mauritania Tingitana, and Mauritania. Caisariensis. Marritania Tingitana is now called the kingdom of Fes, and the kingdom of Ma- Tht kingdom of rocco. The prin.'ipall citie of Fes is called Fessa : and the chicle citie of Marocco is named F" * Maroccu. Marocco. Mauritania Ca'sariec.sis is at this day called the kingdom of Tremisen, with also the citie TrcmiiSB. called Tremisen or Telensin. This region is full of deserts, and re.icheth to the Sea Mediter- ranrum, to the citie of Oram, with the port of .Mersalquiber. The kingdom of Fes reachcth O"'". viito the Ocean Sea, from the West to the citie of Arf-ill.i : and the |)ort of thcsayd kingdom """'i"'''" is called Sala. SaU. The kingdom of Marocco is also extended abouc the Ocean Sea, vnto the citie of Azamor Aaimn. snd A/.afi, which are vpon the 0( can Sea, toward the West of the sayd kingdom. Ncrc Mauritania Tingitana (that is to say, by the two i\in;jdoms ol' Fes, and Marocco) ,ire in the .Sea, the Hands of Canarie, called in old time. The fortuiK'te Hands. Toward the South of X*" 'l-""''^ "■' this region is the kingdom of (iuinca, with .Senega, lalofo, (Jambra, and many other regions oulncli of the Blacke -Moorcs, railed ;\cthiopians or Ncgros, all which arc watered with the riuer Ne- Aeiiiiopiaiii ^ro called in old time Niger. In ihc sayd regions are no cities, but onely certiinc lowe cot- ta^'cs made of boughes of trees, plastered with chalke, and couered with strawe. In these rcijinns are also very great deserts. The kingdom of Manic(o hath vndcr it these seucn kingdoms: Ilea, Sus, Guzula, the Marocco. tcrritnrie of .Marrocco, Duccala, Ilazcliora, and Tedle. The kingdom of Fes hath as luany : rci. as l"cs, Tcmcsne, A/gar, Klabath, Errif, Garet, and Elcair. The kingdom of Tremisen hath Trtmism. these rciiions: Tremi>en, Tenez, and Elgazair, all which are Machometists. But all the regions 111' (I liiica are pure (icntiles, and idolatrous, without profession of any religion, or other ouincs. knowledge of God, then by the law of nature. Arri,■.! .m I'lm l*t 1-.* '. i:t * 466 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Thomas Windam. ,,A ■ I,,,,.-/!;- il i1 ^^i'ii;' I •■ ^lica the Itiie. Canhagr. Preitcr lolm. Cape Ae Bona oipcranzj. From whenc* the Qiiccnr uf ftiiba ^ame. Thf canhly Pa- radise. The irers of the Sunnr and the Moone. Ilia:ilr. The Hands cf M|ilera and Aethiopia, Afrike the lesse is in tins wise bounded. On the West it hafh Numidia; On the East Cyrenaica : On the North, the sea called Mediterranenm. In thi^i countrey was the noble city of Carthage. In the East side of Afrike beneath the red sea, dwellcth the great and mighty Emperour and Christian king Prester lohn, well knowen to the Portiigales in their voyages to Cnljcut. His dominions reach very farrc on ciicry .side: and hath viider him many other Kings both christian and heathen that pay him tribute. This mightie prince is called Dauid the Rmppnmr of Aethiopia. Some write that the king olPortugall sendcth him yeerely eight ships latlen with marchandize. His kingdom confincth with the red Sea, and rcacheth far into Afrike toward .\c- gypt and Barbarie. Southward it confiticlh with the Sea toward the Capede Bona Speranza: and on the other side with the sea of sand, called Mare de Sabionc, a vcrv dangerous sea Kinf. between 5' great citie of Alcair, or Cairo in Acgypt, and the country of Aotiiiopia : In the wliiih wav are main vnhabitable deserts, continuing for the space of fine dayes journey. .And (licv aflirmc, thiit if the sayd Christian Emperor were not hindered by those deserts (in the \>hi(h is great lacke of victuals, & cspeiially of wiiter) he would or now hauc inuaded the king- dom of Egypt, and the citie of Alcair. The cliiefe city of Ethiopia, where this great emperor is resident, is called Amacaiz, being a faire cilie, whose inhabitants are of jhe colour of an Oliue. There are also many other cities, as the city of Sana vpon the riuer of Nilns, where the Emperour is accnstonied to remaine in the Soinmer season. There is likewise a great city named Barbaregaf, and Ascon, from whence it is said that the Qucene of S.ibacame to Hie- rnsalem to heare the wiscdom of Salomtm- This citie is but litle, yet very faire, and one uf the chiefe cities in Ethiope. In this prouince are many exceeding high monnfains, vpon the which is said to be the earthly paradise : and some say that there are the trees of the ^llnne and Moonc, whereof the antiqnilie makef h mention : vet that none can passe thither by rcisDn of great deserts of an hundred daies iourney. .Mso beyond these mountains is the Cape of Bona Speranza. And to haue said thus much of .Mrike it may suflicc. The first vciage to Guinea and Benin. IN the veere of our I.onl I. ■».").'{. the twelfth day of August, sailed from Portsmouth tun goixUy ships, the Primerose and the Lion, with a pinnas called the Moone, being all will furnished aswell with men of the lustiest sort, to the number of seuen score, as also with ordinance and victuals retpiisiic to such a voi.age : hailing also two captaines, the one a str.m- ger called Anthonie Anes Pinteado, a Porfugall, borne in a towiie named The Port of I'or- tugall, a wise, discreet, and sober man, who for his cunning in sailing, being as well an ex- pert Pilot as a politike captaine, was sometime in great fauour with the king of Portuaall, and to whom the coasts of Brasile and (iuinea were connniited to be kept from the French- men, to whom he was a tcrronr on the Sea in those parts, and was furthermore a genticniaii of the king his masters house. Hut as fortune in ni.iiuT neuer fauoureth but flaftereth, neiier promiscth i)ut deceiueth, neuer raiscth but casfelh . wne againe : and as great wealili \- iauotir haue alwaies companions, emulation and enuie, he was after many aduersities \ «piart Is maiic against him, infcvrred to tome into England : where in this golden vovau'f he was enil nuitciied with an vn('(|n:ii companion, and vnlike match of mt 't sundry qualities \: conditions. T^ilh xiTtiie-; few or none adorned. Thus dcp.nrted these noble ships vndcr siilc on their \ova .c: But lirst caplnine Wiiulam putting forth of his >hip at Portsmouth a kins- man cf one of the \u-m\ nianiiMuts, .iiiil shewing herein a muster of the tragicall partes hee had conceiiied in his braine, and witli such small beginnings nourisiicd so monstrous a birth, that more happy, yea and blessed was that vong man being left behind, then if he had bene taken with them, as some do wi-h he had done tiie like bv theirs. Thus sailed they on their voyage, vntill they came to the Hand t)f Madera, where they tooke in certaine wines for the store of their ships, and paid for them as they agreed of the price. At these Hands lhi'\ niet with n gre.it G ilion of ijie king ol I'orlngall, full of men aiid ordinance: vet such as could not haue preuailed if it had attempted to wiihsiand vr resist onrships, for the which cause it was set (oorth, not onely to let aii'l infcrnipt tliese our -^hipijes of their purposed xoiage, but al other that should attempt the like • jet chicdv to fnistrate our voiage. For the king f ha'ieiiispan I'.ed all their ware \\r gold, if the vnlamc liraine of Windam had, or could haue^""' giiHv: e ,r<' to the counsell and experience of Pinteado. For when that Windam not satisfied wit I 'lie giild \viii.h he had, and more migiit haue had if he had taried about the Mina, com- nianili;itj ih ■ ^.iid I'intc.ido {U^r so he tooke vpou him) to lead the ships to Benin, being vn- (! r i'>e l'.f]nir..iiial line, and an hundred and lifty leagues hevond the Nfina, where he look- i.l lo haue their ships laden with pep|;er: and being counselled of the said Pinteado, consi- lUii'ig the late time of the yeere, lur tli:',t time to go no further, l)ut to mak<^ sale of their wares >iun as tliey hud for gold, whciLv t'u'\ mi ;iit haue bene great gainers; Windam not .^s<^nl!ll.; hereunto, fell into a sudtie.< i.ige, reuiling the savd I'inteado, calling him lt.\v, F""'"''"'""'' \.i;i other opjin i>rious words, sayiiig, This whore-on lew hath promised to bring vs to >,iuh pi .ees as are not, or as he cannot bring vs vol >: I iit if lie do in-t, 1 v^ill cut oil' his cares piid naile litem to the r.iaste. I'inteado gaue the foresaid counsell to go no further for the snlegard of the men and their lines, \\hieh thev s|i()uld pitt in daiiiier if thev eatne too late, tnr tue Itossi;! whiih is their Winter, not lor cold, but lor smothering heate, with close and Thr Rcs-ij. rKiiilie aire and storming weather, of stich putrilying (pialitie, that it rotted the coates of their h.K ks : or els for comming to soonc for tiie scorching heat of the snnne, which caused Rottini! litis, tliein to linger in the way. Hut of for( e antl not of will brought he the ships before the ri- uer uf Benin, wliere riding at an ,\nker, thev sent their pinnas vp into the riuer 50 or 60 Donn. leagues, from wiienee certaine of the inarchanls with eaptaine Pinteado, Francisco a For- itancisco. ii'^ale, Nicholas Lambart gentleman, and otiur marchants were conducted to the court where N\h. Lambart. the king remained, ten leagues from the riuer side, whither when they came, they were hroiisjlit with a great company to the presciu i' of the king, who being a blackc Moore (al- I'lit iii[u.-i Bt. iluHigh not so hlacke as the rest) sate in a great huge hall, long and wide, the wals made of ""''""■"" \i O earth y'm tT i '♦■ •*' N ^'Vt:\ i:;': * Ji..* • ilT rj*S''i' h mj f 468 Rcuerence to- war J the km£. Thr communi- calion betwcf n the kin^ of Be* niti and mir mtii. I'ej'per. Th* kiiifs gen- ttents towards our mtn. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M Tho. Windam. Th'<1"'h of WindiiTi. Pi. triin ruill vifii of the marl' neri. eartli without windowcs, the roofe of thin boords, open in sundry places, like vnto louers to let in the aire. And here to speake of the great rcuerence they giue to their king, it is such, that if wc would giue as much to our Sauior Christ, we should rcmooiie from uur heads many plaartly hauing no rule of themselues, but eating without measure of the fruits of ifio roiuitrey, aiul drinking the wine of the Palme trees that drop- pcfh in the night from the cut of the branches of the same, and in such extreme heate run- ning continually info the w.ifer, not vsed before to such sudden and vehement altcratiiuiv [ then the which nothing is more dangerous) were thereby brought into swellings and auur>: insomuch that the later time of the yeere comining on, caused them to die sometimes three it sometimes 4 or 5 in a day. Then Windam percciuing the time of the ',U) daics to he ex- pired, and his men dying so fast, sent to the court in post to Ca|)laine Pinicado, ^' the rot to come away and to tary no longer. But Pinteado with the r<>st, wrote backe to him ai;.iinp, rertifving him of the great quantity of jiepper Ihcy had alreadie gathered & looked d.iilv for much more ; desiring him furthermore to remeber the great jiraise and name they slioiild win, if they came home jirosjieroush , and what shame of the contrary. With which .iii- swcrc Windam not satislied, and manv of their men dying day Iv, willed and cominaiiii'Icil them againe either to come away forthwith, or els threatened to leaiie them behinde When Pinteado heard this answere, thinking to ])erswade him with rcison, hee tooke his wav frum the court toward the ships, being conducted thither with men by the kings co;nmandemeiil. In the meane season \\iii(lani all raging, brake vp Pinteados Cabin, brake open his che^ic-, spoiled such prouision of cold stilled waters and siicketN as he h.id pronidcd for his heahh, and left him nothini;, neither of his instruments to s.iile bv, nor yet of his a|)parell : and in the meane time falling sieke, himselfc died also. Whose death Pinteado comining alxiord, lamented as much as if he had bene the decrest frienil he had in the world. But cerlaine dI the mariners and other odicers did spit in his face, some calling him lewe, saying that he had brouiiht them thither to kill them : and some drawing their swords at him, making a shew to slay him. Then he percciuing that they would needs awav, desired them to tarv that he might M. Tho. Windam, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES. might Fetch the rest of the inarchants that were left at the court, but they would not grant tim request. Then desired he them to giue him the ship-boate, with ns much of an old saiic as might icnic for the same, promising tlicm thcrwith to bring Nicholas Limbert and the rest into England, hut all was in vaine. Then wrote he a letter to the court to the mar- ch;ints, informing them of ail the matter, and promising them if God would lend him life to rctiirnc with all haste to fetch the. And thus was Pinteado kept ashipboord against his will, ihnist among the boycs of the ship, not vsed like a man, nor yet like an honest boy, but j;lad to find fauour at the cookes hand. Then departed they, leaning one of their ships be- hind them, which they sunke for lacke of men to cary her. After this, within 6 or 7 dayes sayling, dyed also Pinteado for ucry pensiuenesse & thought that stroke him to the heart. A man worthy to seme any prince, and most vilely vsed. And of seuenscore men came home to Plimmouth scarcely forty, and of them many died. And that no man should suspect these words which I hauesaidc in commendation of Pinteado, to be spoken vpon fauour otherwise then tructh, I haue thought good to adde hereunto the copie of the letters which the king of Fortugall and the infant his brother wrote vnto him to reconcile him, at such time as vpon the king his masters displeasure (and not for any other crime or ofTence, as may appeare by the said letters) he was only for pouertie inforrcd to tome into England, where he first per- swaded our marchants to attempt the said vovages to (Juinca. Hut as the king of Portugall too late repented him that he had so punished l'inte:ul'>, vpon malicious informations of such as enuied the mans ^ood fortune: eiien so mav it hcrcijy ajipeare that in some cases cuen Lions thcmselues may either be liindcre»s Confessor. 469 Thii Limbttt waiaLondincr burne, wKoif fa> ther had bin Lord Maior of Lundon. The death of Fimeado. Pinteado first perswaded our men to the vol- age of Guinea. I The king doe giue you to vndersiand lord Francis Desseaso, one lUU' the , M..J. ^...f, «„^ f^,,.. ,„v. ... ..,„>...,.,. >.., .,.^j,v>..-.., v,..^ wl" my counsell and L-rscer of my house, that in tusjilcration of tlie j;ood seruice which Anthony Anes Pinteado, I, It- Sonne of lohn .\nes, dwelling in tlie towne called the Port, hath done vnto me, my will and pleasure is, to make him knight of my house, allowing to him in pension seuen hundred reis monethly, and eiiery »lay one alcayre of barly, as long as he keepelh a horse, & to be paid accortling to the ordinricc of my hmise. Proiiiilin;; alwaies that he shall receiue but line marriage gift. And this aKo in such lOdiiion, tli.a the time which is at ccpted in our iirdinanre, forliidding such men to marry for fretting «uih ciiildren as might surcetde them in this allowance, whidi is t> yercs after the making of this patent, shalbe first expired be- fiirc he do marry. I therfort- command ymi to cause this to be entred in the booke called the Matricula of our houshold, viuler the title of knij;hts. And when it is so entred, let the clarke of the Matricula, for the certeintic thcrof, write on the backside of this .\luala, or patent, the number of ine leafe wherein il»is our urant is entred. Which done, let himre- tiirne this writing vnto the saiil .Xnthonie Anes Pinteado for his warrant. I Diego Henri(|ues haue written tiiis in Aimarin the two and twentic day of September, in the yeere of our Lord l.'ijl. And iliis bcneuolcnce tiie king gaue vnto Antiionie Anes Pinteado, the line and twentie day of lul) tiiis present yecre. Key. The Secretaries di'daration written vnilcr the kings grant. YOur Maiestie hath vouch-afcd, in re-pert an and that not within the spare of sixe ycres afirr the inakiiii; of these letters Piitenls. fho Secretaries note. F.ntred in the booke of the Matricuia. Fol. (»H,i. Trancisco de Siijucra. The fopie of the letter of Don Lewes the infant, and brother to the king of IV{ ymi home a;j;ain into your iiiuntrcv. And for that piirjiose he hath with him a s.ife (Odiict for you, granted h\ ih( kini;, that iherbv yon may freely and without all fi-are come home. And althou;;h the wcj. ther be foiile and stormie, yet faile not to come : for in llie time that his MaicNtic hath s^iiicii Mill, \<>u in.iv doe manv things to yonr contenlalion and <;r.itir)iiij< itiO king, wlirrcdl | ^^(l|lld he riuht glad: and to brini; the same to p.isse, 1 will do all mat lietli in me (cr \niir profile. But forasmiicii as I'eter Gonsaliies will make Inrlher dei laration hereof vnto Mm, | -av no more at this present Written in Lisbone, the eight day of December. Anno l.i.ii. The infant Don Lewof, .M.I these foresaid writinj^s I saw vnder scale, in the honsc of my friend Nicholas l,ir-f The C.-j)- taine wluTcof was .\1. loliii I.ok. t \()ia^c I hnue declared rather the the naiiiiiatinn, wl;ereof at that lime I muld li.iiie no tion of ihisstTond vi ya^c, my clncfc intent haih beene tn shew the course of the same, m-. cordini; to the I'bscruatinr. and ordinarie ciistome cf the mariners, and as I receiiied it at the haiides of an evpert I'ilot, being one ol the chiefc in this voxajjc, who aWi with his owne hands wrote a briefe declaration of the same, as he found and tried all things, ik^ bv (cm- ieiliirc, but by the art ol' sayliiij;, and iiislru i eiiN perteiiiin;; ti the mariners facultie. Njt therefore a^-uinini; to mv sclfc the cdininendaiioiis (iiie \iil-a\d ^^hips and two pin- ncsscs (wherof the one was drowned on the coast ol Ivnuland) we went forward on our ^ov- age, and stayed at Doner fiuirteene dayes We staied also at Kie three or foure .)+ TheC.'jJ- iry, then the course of on : so in tiic dc-rrip- ouf^o of the >,anie, ac- 1 a-t I rcci'iiied it at the \h(' alsw with his ownc ail things, not by coii- niariiiers I'acultie. Nut ritliir M) l)o!d as in any hsenicd hy art and <\- j)hr;i'-i' of speech as is ;is 1 hanc said. Take it departed the riuer of r liie burden of scuoii- ?u of iiinetie, the thinl \d ^iliii»s and two pin- iiit forward on our »oy- ■ or foure daves. Morc- i; from the coast < f I'.r.- ea, and the next day all •th about noone, niakiii^;; ieh doth rise to iiiin ihat conniu'tli M. John Lok. TH.VFFFQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 471 commeth in the Northnortheasf part vpright land in the west part of it, and very high: and to the .Southfioiitheast a low lon<{ land, and a long point, with a saddle thorow the iniddest of it, standing in two and thirlie degrees; and in the West part, many springs of water run- ning downe from the mounlaine, and many white lieldes like vnto come fields, & some white houses to the Southea-it part of it: and the tojjpe of the mountairie sheweth very ragged, if v(iu may see it, and in tiie Northeast part there is a bight or i)ay as though it were a liarborow: Also in the said part, there is a rocke a little distance from the shoare, and ouer the sayd bight you shall nee a great gappe in the mountaine. The li) day at twelue of the clocke we had sight of the isle of Palmes and TencrifTa and ^he lie of the Canaries. The He of I'alme ristth round, ^: lielh Southeast and Northwe>t, and the t'.' "(Tj. Northwest part is lowest. In the South is u roinid liill ouer the head land, and anot'.er round "" ^'""i"- hill aboue that in the land. There are betweenc the Southeast part of the He of Madera Sc the Northwest p.irt of the He of I'alme seiien and lil'ty leagues. This Isle of Palme lieth in eight anJ twenlv dci;rees .\nd our course from Madi ra to the lie of Palme was South and ,'i'"7|'*^"f"'"' South and bv West, so that we h:ul srght of Tenerilla and of the Canaries. The Southeast paimei. part of the He of the Palme, I'v: the Norlhnortheast of Tenerilla lie Southeast and Northwest, and betweene tlitin are 'i'l leagues. Teneriflii and the great Canary called Gran Canaria, and onnCanarii. the West part of Fortcucntura st.inde in seuen ami twenty degrees and a halfc. Gomera is ThH'i!l'i!i"d' a faire Island but very ragged, v^t lieth Wcstsoutliwest oil" Tenerid'a. And whosoeuer wil Comtn. come betweene thcni two Hands must come South and by Ea.st, and in the South part of Gomera is a lowno and a good rode in the said part of the Hand: and it standeth in seuen and twentie degrees and three lerces. T'enerilli* is an high land, with a great high pike like Ttntriffa. a sugar loafe, and vpon the said pike is snow throughout all the whole yeere. And by rea- *"°*' son of that pike it may be kiiuwen aboue all other Hands, and there we were becalmed the twentieth day of Noucmber, from sixc of the clocke in the morning, vntill foure of the clocke .It afternoone. The two and twentieth day of Noueinber, viuler the Tropike of Cancer the Sunne goeth (lowne West and by South. Vpon the cc^ast of Barbaric line and twentie leagues bv North Thf co«t or Cape blanke, at three leagues od" the maine, there are lifteene fadomes and gowl shellv cait'ounkf. j^roiind, and sande a.nong and nostreames, and two small Hands standing in two and twentie ilcgrei s and a terce. From Gomera to C.ipc de las Rirbas is an hiiiulred leagues, and our course was South and bv East. The said Cipe standeth in two and twentie and a hallc' and all that coast is flatte, sixleene or seuentecne fadonie deepc. Seuen or eight leagues olFfrom the riuer del Oro to Tiic nutr dti Cape de las Uarbas, there vse maiiv Spaniardes and I'ortiigals to trade for lishing, during the °"'' niiiiielh of Nouember: and all lhat coa»t is verv low lands. Also we went (rotn Cape de las Barbas Siniliisoiitliwest, and Southwest and by .South, till we brought our selues in twentie degrees and a halfe, reckoning our selues seuen leagues ofl': and there were the least sholes of Cape nianke. Then we went South vntill we brought our .seines in l.'i degrees, reckoning our selues fiue and twentie Lagiies olT. And in I.") degrees we did reare the Crossiers, and we might haue Thecri)»i«spr reared t'-.ei i sooner if we had looked for them. They are not right a crosse in the nioneth of"""'"-"'- Noiieinbtr, by reason that the nights .ire siiort there. Neiierthelesse we had the sight of them the '2i> (lav of the said inonelh at ni;;ht. The tiTHt of December, being in I.'? degrees we set our course South and bv F,ast, vntill the fourih day of Deeendier at VI ol the cli>cke the same dav. Then we were in nine de- }:recs ir.d a terce, reckoning our seines ,'{0 leagues of t!ie sholes of the riuer called Hio Rio Gnude. (iraii'le, being Wcstsiuthwe t otV tluin, the \Jiich sholes be .'iO leagues long. 'i lie fourth uf i)eciinb. r we beganne to set our course Southeast, we being in sixc degrees and n halfe. 'llip ninth I'av of Dccen\l)er we set I'ur course Eastsoutheast; the fourteenth day of the >;i\.le 1 1'.jiieth v,e set our course liast, we heinu in line degrees and a halfe, reckoning our niucs thirl} and si.\c leagues fro.n the toast of Guinea. The (4 IV * I i.^ i A II I • ', '/ *' 4n Cape MriuriiJo. Thg riuer of Actio. VOYAGES, KAUIOATIONS, M. lohn Lok. Tlif riucr of StMO. Rio Oulct. Cipr dr Monlf. Cjpe it Ui Pilmai. Thr land of Cakeado. SJiaao. Crokr. S. Vuictnu lur- boruw. The rtufi Dulct. i-Afe de Us 'the com of Guinea. 'I'lif ciat'.e of Arrj. ihe ninclernth of the Mid moneth we set our counc East and by North, reckoning our «elueH m-iicntcenc leagtieit distant from Cape Mcnnirado, the said Cape being EaKtMoriheaat nf VH, and the riucr of Scuto being Eait. The one and twentieth day of the raid moneth, we fell with Cape Mensurado to the Soiifh- east, about two league-* oflT. Thi.t Cape may be easily knowen, by reason ir the rising of ji is like a Porpo«e-hcad. AUo toward the Southeast there are three trees, whereof the Easier- nioNi tree is the highest, and the middlemost is like a hie starke, & the Southermost like vnio a gibet: and vpon the maine are foure or fiuc high hilles rising (me after another like round hommorkit or hillocks. And the Southeast of the three trees, brandiernwitc: and all the coast along is white sand. The said Cape standelh within a litle in si\e degrees. The two and twentieth of December we came to the riurr of Sexto, & remained there vn- till the nine and twentieth day of the said moneth. Here wc thought it best to send before vs the pinnesKe to the riuer Dulce, called Rio Duke, that they might haue the beginning; of the market before the roniming of the lohn Euangelist. At the riuer of Ses(o wc had a tunne of graines. This riuer standcth in sixe degrees, lacking a terre. From the riucr of Sesto to Hio Dulce arc line and twcntic leagues Hio Dulce standrth in line degrees and a halfe. The riuer of Sesto is ea.sie to be knowen, hy reason there is a ledge of rockea on the Southeast part of the Kode. And at the entring into the hauen are fiue or sixe trees that beare no leaues. This is a good harborow, but very narow :it ^ entrance into the riuer There is also a locke in the hauens mouth right as you enter. And all that coast betweene Cape de Monte, and cape de las I'almas, lieth Southeast Sc by K.ist, Northwest it by West, being three leagues oH" the shore. And you shal haue in some pl.u c- rocks two leagues off: and that, betweene the riuer of Sesto and cape de las Palmas. Iktweene the riuer of Sesto and the riuer Dulce aVe fiue and twenlie leagues : & tlie high land that is betweene them both, is called Cakeado, being eight leagues from the riuer of Sesto. And to the Soulhea-stwarde of it is a place called Shawgro, and another called Shvawc or Shauo, where you may get fresh water. Off this Shyawe lieth a ledge of rockes: and to the .Soiiflieastwar-t M. lohn Lok. M. tohn Locke. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUBRIES. 479 'res Puntas is faire & coiut licth Emit and by North, Wmt and by South. From Cape de lu Palntas to the raid castle '» foiircHCore and fifteene leagues. And the coait lieth From the said raxtle to the Wcslcrmost point of Trcpoyntes, Southeast and by South, Northwest and by North. Also the Westermost point ol Trepoyntes is a low lande, lying halfe n mile out in the sea: and vpon the innermost necke, to the land-ward, ia a tuft of trees, and there we arriued the eieuenth day of lanuary. The 12 day of lanuary we came to a towne called Samma or Samua, being 8 leagues from ThetowM or Cape Trepointes toward Eastnortheaat. Betwcene Cape Trepointes and the towne of Samua'"""* is a ureat ledije of rockcs a great way out in the sea. We continued foure daves at that Towne, and the Captainc thereof would needs Liue a pledge a shore. But when they rccciued theTheDM|^«u pledge, they kept him still, and would tralTikc no more, but shot off their ordinance nt vs;;','/^™J^'''* They haue two or three pieces of ordinance and no more. The sixteenth day of the said month we made reckoning to come to a place called Cape Cipt Cona. Corea, where captaine Don lohn dwcllcth, whose men entertained vs friendly. This Cape Co- rca is foure leagues Ea'"■ did we set forth homeward the thirteenth day of February, & plied vp alongst till we came within scucii or eight leaguis to Cape Trepointes. About eight of the clocke the 15 day at afternoone, wee did cast altout to seaward: and beware of the currants, for they will decciiic The curranti. vou sore. Whosoeuer shnll come from the coast of Mina homeward, let him be sure to make From Mina his way good West, \ ntill he reckon himselfe as farrc as Cape de las Palmas, where the cur- 1"""""*!- rant setteth nlwayes to the Eastward. And within twentie leagues Eastward of Cape de las I'alinas is ariuer called De los Potos, where you may haue fresh water and balast enough, and RiodeioaPMbi. plenty of iuory or Elephants teeth. This riuer standeth in foure degrees, and almost two ["."^j, |^ tcrces. And when you reckon your selfe as farrc shot as Cape de las Palmas, being in a de- Haimii. Ijrce, or a degree and a halfe, you may go West, and West by North, vntill you come in three degrees: ami then you may go Westnorthwesi, and Northwest and by West, vntill you romc in Hue degrees, and then Northwest. And in sixe degrecti, we met Northerly windes, :ind great ruffling of tides. And as we could iiidge, the currants went to the Northnorthwest. Furthermore belweene ('ape de Monte, and Cape Verde, go great currants, which dcceiue cumnts. many men. The !i^i day of Aprill, we were in 8 degrees and two terces: and so wc ran to the Northwest, Inning the windc at Northeast and Eastnortheast, and sometimes at East, vntill wc were at 18 (Icjjreesand a terce, wliirh was on May day. And so from 18 and two tcrces, we had the windeat East and Eastnorlheast, and sometimes at East-outheast: and then we reckoned the M.inds of Cape verde F.astsoutheast of vs, we iudging our seines to be 4H Icigucs off. And in 2(1 and 21 degrees, we had ihewinde more Easterly to the Southward then before. And so we ran to the Northwest and Northnorthwest, and sometimes North and by M'est and North, vntill we came into 31 degrees, where we reckoned our sclues a hundred and fourescore leagues Southwest and by South of the Island de los Flores, and there wee met with the windeTtniie^f .It S'lnlHsoutheast, and set our course Northeast. " In 'i.'J decrees we had the winde at the South and Southwest, and then we set our course Nnrlhnortheast, and so we ran to 4i) degrees, and then we set our course Northeast, the winde being at the Southwest, and hauing the Isle dc Flores Ea>t of vs, and 17 leagues off. In the 41 degrees we met with the win lb af Vonio. Whrrf th«)r loit Ih' lifhtnflhr Ni^rtli lurn, llw« ilir ii>ni* |>.4tit duclh • int. VOYAGES, NAUICATIONS, M. lohn Locke Tkt CiimiuH. Titi inwnc of Ck'lil fotire hun- drrth wrighL Ctrainri. klrfluiiti itrth. "Vhf hrirfnf an Iltptulll. 8ir Andrew UJilr. The contfm|>li- tiuni uf Uudi works. The dticription ind jiropcrtiri uf ib< Elc|>ba>it. NnrlhwMt, nnd then we cant abmii, nnd Iny Northratt, vnlill wr rame in 4^ degree*, where ■we net our roiimc l'.ai«tnorlhea«t, imlginn; the lie of Conio South and l>y Went of \h, imUiixc and ihirtir Irngue!* diotani from vn. A remi-mbranco, that the '21 day of May we communed with lohn Hafc, and he thought it be»i to fjnc Norlheiwl, and indwell himnelfcKri IcagiiCH KaMward to the Me dc Florcs, and ni .';reeH lo the Wcttt. Be it alto in memory that two or three daictt before we rame to Cape de .*J puntan, the pin- nrsne went alonipit the nhore, thinking lo sell nome of our wares, and »o we ramr to nnUi thrtr or foure league* West and by South of the Cape de 'J punla!<, wlirrc we Jifi ihc Jn. niiie. Then our pinnesHC rame aboard with all our men, the pinnesse aNo tooke in more wa^w They told me morcouer that thev would goc to a plare where the I*rimro»e was, and hail ri- eeiiied much gold at the first voyage to the'«e parties, and tolde me fnrlhermore that it \\uh .\ ){o(mI place: but I fearing a brigantine that was ihenvpon the con>t,(|{d wey and follow ihrm, and left the Trinitie about foure leagues od'Hom vs, and there we rode against that toxtn,. foure dayes: so that Marline by his owne desire, and assent of some of the Commissioiu.r, that were in the pinnesse, went a shoarc to the towne, and there lohn Herin went to tnifiiui,. from vs, being three miles olF trafiquing at an other towne. The towne is « ailed .Sanun.i ( r Samua, for Samma and Sammaterra, arc the names of the tw«i llrst townes, where we did Iraliijue for gold, to the Northeast of Cape de 3 punlas. Hitherto continueth the course of the voyage, as it was described by thesayde Pilot. Nokq therefore I will speake somewhat of the countrcy and people, and of such things as are brought from thence. They brought from thence at the Ia?ound weight. Other there were which thev call the teeth of caliies, of one »)r two or three yeeres, whereof some were a fiMit and a hnlle, some two foot, and some '.i cr more, according to 5 age of the beast. TIich- great teeth or fusl»s grow in the vpper iaw downeward, and not in the neiiier iaw vpward, wherein the Painters and Arras workers are decciued. At this last v(iyai;e was brought fn m Guinea the head of an Elephant, ol such huge bij;nes-e, that < ncly the bones or cranc\» thereof, beside the nether iaw iS.- great lusks, weighed abcut two hundred weight, and was ;is much as I could well lift from the gri.inid: insomuch that considering also herewith the weight of two such great teeth, the nether iaw wilh the lesse teeth, the tongue, the great hanging eares, the biggc & long snout ortroonke, with all the (lesh, bnunes, and skinne,witli all other parts belonging to the whole head, in my iudgement it could weigh liilc lesse then fine hundred weight. This head diners haue scene in the house of the worthy inarchant ^i^ Andrew ludde, where also I saw it, and beheld it, not oidy with my bodily eves, but much more wilh the eyes of my mind and spirit, considering by the worke, the cunning andwist- domc of the workemaister: without which consideration, the sight of such strange and won- derfull things may rather secme curiosities, then prcfitable contemplations. The Elephant (which some to hi* mouth, therewith he hciprth vp hi* Mmrr m keeper, therewith he mierthrnweth trect. Benitle hin two f^tcat tuikq, he hath on ^\my side o| ftU mouth foure teeth, wherewith he eatcth nnd Rrindeth hit meau oithcr ofthpse 'PPth are almoul a npaii in leiiKth, a* they grow »U)ng ill the iaw, and arc about \ .ui inrhcn in hei|e;hl, and almost aw much in thickneiwe. The tuikeit of the male are greater then of the frmale: his tongue i^) very litte, and no farre in hJM mouth, that it cannot be neene: of all bo u(es they are most penile ifnd irartable, Tor by many wiidry wayeH they arc tauf(ht, and doe vndentinnd : in.'iomuch that they Irarnc to doe due honor to a kinjj, and arc of quicke (tenoc and Mharpenesae of wit. When the male hath once leatoned the female, he iieuer after toiirhelh her. The ni»le Elephant liueth two htiiulieiK yeerc!4, or at the leatt one hundred and tweiitie: the female almost a* lonfr, but the Moure of their a^c Ik but threescore yeren, ai* some write. They cannot sufler winter or cnld: the) Idue riuer^, and will often go into tiicm vp to the Mnoul, wherewith they blow and <*nuirc, and play in the water: but nwiinmc they cannot, for the weij^ht of their bodies. I'linie and Soline write, that they vkc none adiilterie. If iht-y happen to meete with a man in wildernen-te be- in« out of the way, gently they wil go before him, & bring him into the plaine way. loyned in battel, they haiie no ninall rehintf. Woikei of a • l« 1,' ' ■i cil^fi I!' Ifiuf If !' I llf " f (' i 'jiiF 'f III I I * 476 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. John Locke. Afiui. Libva int(rior« Ccluli). NijTitx. 'Jhe riutr Ni- jtitis or Sfiicga, A Mraiifc tUinc PtcpIcofLibyj, l^rfstrr lohin. RrgniimOr- (jucne. Oamhri, ('Uinea. Cilv.Vrr.lr. The l\intipaU Naui^atiuii tu llriiilc. Arfhiopia ■Ihc War.d of M-IIT. Til. i^- inountaiiics, replenished with diners kinds of wilde and monstrous beastes and scrjiciits. l"ir-t from Mauritania or Uarbary ti ward the South is (ietulia, a rough and s;;;!ige region, wiio-i' in- habitants arc wilde and wandering people. After these folluw the people called Mcl.iiinm- tuli and Pharusij, which wander in the wildernesse, carrying with them great gourdes of water. The Ethio|)ians called Nigrilx occupy a great part of Africa, and are extended to tlu- Weide iIuto- of, the inhabitants are of high stature and black, and on the other side, of browne or tawiiic colour, and low stature, which thing also our men confuine to be true. There arc also other people of Libya called Ciarainanles, whose women are common : for llicv contract no matrimonie, neither hane respect to chastitie. .M'ler these are tlic nations of the people called Pvrei, Salhiodaphnita-, Odrangi, Miniaces, Lynxainata-, noIo|)cs, AgaUj^iii.T, Lcuci Ethiopes, Xilicci Ethiopes, Calcci Ellii(i|)e.s, and Nubi. These hane the s.i.ne situaiicii in Ptfdome that thev now giue to the kingdome of Nubia. Here are certaine Christians xmici the dominion of the great Em|>erour of .liliiiopia, called Prcsier lohn. I'mm these toward the West is a great nation of people called .\pliriceri)nes, whose region (as farre as ma\ In' gathered by coniecture) is the same that is now called Hegnum Orguene, conlining vpon ilio East parts of Guinea. From hence Westward, ami somewhat toward the North, are the kin;;. doms of (iambra and Buclomel, not farre from the riuer of Senega. .\nd frum hence toward the inland regions, and along by tlie sea coast, are the regions of (iinoia or (iuinea, wiiiili we commonly call (iinnee. On the Wcsisidi- ol' ihese regions toward the Ocean, is the rape or point called C'.ibo verde, or Caput viride, (that is) the grecne cape, to the which the I'lr- tugals first direct their course when they .saile to .\inerica, {>r the land of Hrasile. Then dt - parting from hence, thcv tiirne to the right hand toward the (juarter of the winde (allid Garbino, which is belweene the West and the South. Hut to speake s(lme^.hat more of .Ijliio- pia: although there are man\ nations of people so named, yet is .\ethioi)ia chiellv diuidcd into two parts, whenof the one is called .\ethiopia vnder .\egvpt, a great i*t rich region. Tu this perteineth the Islatid Meroe, imbraced nnnul about with the siremes of the riuer .S'ilii-. In tl)i.s Island women reigned in old ;imc. loscjihus writeth, that it was sometime r.illcd Sabea: and that the Queene of Saba came from thence to lerusalem, to heare the wiscdi.m ul' .Salomon. Fro hence toward the l:.iod reason that it may so lie, forasmuch :is the nature of starres and riie nature of planets (as writcth Pliiiie') consisteth of lire, ami conteinetli in it a spirit of life, which tan- ''" "•"'"^• 111 t tie without heat. Anil, that the Moone giueth heafe vpoii the e:uth the Prophet Daiiid secmeth to conlirme in ills I'il. Psalmc, where speaking of such men as are dei'cnded from euils by Gods pro- tection, iiKT ,*:■■>'' i .all .i,\ , iT8 I'lUinz cut ut ihr Catararts of hciucn. V.hcn'.tiit U'.o* ri.iTis in thr Sea. A iiungctlii Tl'*" power (f tut Lit r- VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, J/. lohn Lot,; rhfy rue tllcir Fiiit icwpi>- Abri^clft. R,;." ■Mr. \ iniiikc ^at. ii'ffion, hec saith thus : Per diem Sol non cxiirot tc, ncc Luna per noctcm. That is tosav, 1m the day tlic Simiic shall not biirne thcc, nor the Moonc by night. They say furthermore, that in ccrtaine places of the sea they saw certainc strcames of wa- ter, which till y cull spouts, fallin;; out of theatre into the sea, & that some of these areas lii<;<;e as the j;reat pillars of Churches : insomuch that sometimes they fall into ship|)cs, ami put tliem in great d3ns;er of drowning. Some faine that these should be the Catar.icis of hcaucn, whicli were all opened at Noes floud. But I tliinkc them rather to be such lluxions and eruptions as Aristotle in his hooke de .Nfundo saith, to chance in the sea. I'or speaking of such strange things as are scene often times in the sea, he writeth thus. Oltcniimcs ..Ko ciieti in the sea are scene cuaporations of tire, and such eruptions and brenking foorth e their skinnes with pretie knots in diners iornir-i, :is it were branched daniaske, thinking that to be a decent ornament. .And allxit they goc ill maner .-,11 naked, yet are inan\ of them, arliire from the first place where thcv did Ini- fiek, one of iheiii either stole a miiske Cat, or l.i(d\e her awav bv force, iii I mistrusting th.il In, It sliMiihl liiiie liiii(ler«'d their barg. lining in aiiolher place whither lhe\ inleiided to "oc. Hut li r all tlie hasle llii-y collide make vsitli full saiics, the fame of their misiisage so prc- iiented tlieni, ihat the people of tli.il place also, (dl'ciided tl.ercby, would bring in no wares: iiisdriiiK h til. It till \ were iitfnreed either to restore the Cat, or pay for her at iheir price, be- fore llie> could tiMli(|UL' there. Their M. lohn Lok. TRAFFIQUES. AND IMSCOUERIES. 479 Their houses arc made of foiire jiosfes or trees, and coiiercd with boughes. Their houKi. Their common feeding is of roots, & such fishes as they take, whereof they iiaiic great Their f«dinr. plenty. There arc also such flying fishes as arc scene in the sea of the West Indies. Our men salt- FiyinsfiAn. cd of their fishes, hoping to prouidc store thereof: but they would take no salt, and must ihcrfore be eaten forthwith as some say. Howbeit other adirme, that if they be .salted im- mediatly after they be taken, they wil last vncorruptcd ten or Iweluc daycs. Hut this is Astranjeihun. more strange, that part of such (lesh as they caried with them out of Englaml, which putri- fied there, l)erainc sweetc againc at their returne to the clime of temperate regions. They vse aUo a strange making of bread, in this maner. They grinde bctwecne two stones Their brtid. with tiieir handes as much come as they thinke may suHire their family, and when they hauc tiuis brought it to (loure, they put thereto a certainc quantitic of water, and make thereof very thinne dough, which they stickc v|)on some post of their houses, where it \» baked by the heate of the .Sunne : so iliat when the master of the house or any of his family will eate thereof, they take it downe and eate it. They haue verv faire wlieale. the care whereof is two handfuls in length, and as bigge as Their »iit.,'. a great Hulrush, and iilmost liuire inches about where it is biggest. The stemmc or straw seemetli to be almost as bigge as the litle finger of a mans hand, or litlc lessc. The graines of tliis wiicate are as i)ig as our pe.ison, nmnd also, and very wliile, and somewhat shining, like pearlcs that haue lost their cnlmir Almost all the substance of thent turneth into (loure, & makcih lille bran or none, I tuld in one care two hundred & tiireescore grained. The eare is iii(l(mc'd in llircc i)lades longer then it scllc, k*t ol' two inches broad a piece. And by this friiitfubu's the .Sunne secmeth partis to reconipcnce sui h gricfes and molestations asTheSunne. flicy otherwise rcceiiie bv the ferucnt heate tliercol'. It is doubiicssc a worthy cOtemplalion to consiiliT the rontrarv etli'ils ol' the smme: or r.illicr the contrary p:issions of such things as rcceiuc the inlliu-nce of his be.imes, either lo their hurt or benefit. Their drinke is either Their Jrnikc water, or the iiiise ih.il droppelh from the eareil \p i:i the bj. stpifmbtr. VPon Mundav the thirtieth dav of September wee departed from the Isle of Wight, oui r.( the hauen of Xeuport with two good shippe<, the one called the Hart, the other the lliniic, both of London, and the Masters of them were lohn Ralph, and William Tarter, for a vovas^c to bee made vnto the Riuer dc Scstos in CJuinca, and to other haucns thertahnut. It fell out bv the vnrictie of wiiidcs, that it was the foiireiccnth day of October before wrc couidc fetch Dartmouth : and being there arriued wee continued in that roadc sixe d:ivr«, 'and the 20. of Octoi>er we warpt out of the hauen, and set saile, directing our course toward-i . the Southwest, and the next mcrning we were runne by estimation thirty leagues. The lirst of Noucmber we found our seines to be in 31. degreeu of latitude by the reckon- ing of our Master. This day we rannc about 40. leagues also. The second day we ranne .'<(>. leagues. . The third day we had sight of Porto Santo, which is a small Island lying in the sea, about three leagues long, and a league & a halfe broad, & is possessed by I'ortugals. It riseih .is we came from the Northnorthwest like two sfnall hilles nccre together. The Kasi end ol the siune Island is a high land like a saddle with a \allev, which makes it to boare that forme. The West eiide of it is lower with cerlaine small roimd hillocks This Island lieth in thirty and .\i.ijrri. three degrees. The same day at 1 1, oflhi- clocke we raysed the Isle of .Madera, which lieth 12. leagues from I'orto Sanio, towards the .Scuthwest : that Island is a faire Island and rruiiltill, and is inhabited by l'(irtug:il>, it riscth afarre oil" like a great whole land and high. My three of the dockc this day at after noime we were thwart of I'orto Santo, and we set cur course Southwest, to leaue the Isle of Madera to the KaslwanI, as we did I'orto Santo. These two Islands were the (irst land that we saw since wee left the coast of England. About three ol' the cl()( kc after midnight wee were thwart of Madera, within three leagues of the \\'cst ende III' it, and by uieancs of the high hilles there, we were becalmed : We sup[H)sc we raiinc this dav and night .'{0. leagues. i'he fourth day wee lay l)ecalmed vnder the Isle of M.idera, vntill one of the clocke at nl- lernoone, and then, the winde commiiig into the Ea.si, wee went our course, and ranne tiiat dav fiftecne leagues. The October. Noucmbfr. l*orto Sjuco. M. WU' Tovirson. to be noted, that space then twentlc if Cabo Verde tlic ! farre out of their lem home. There ny died at their rc- eores and England. id strong men, and • doth somewhat of- •T abide colde, then ipnt hcate resohielh th the same, lit all Afriike, vndcr I arc exirecme hcitc, est Indies as arc \n- lor with niride and an Oliuc, with Ion;; 1 in diners places in lire told me : That i>, from them at nooiic, may siifl'icc. London, to the Isle of Wight, oni ' I the other the Hindc, I Carter, for a voyauc hcrcaljnut. f October before wee lat roadc sixe dwyr-^, ig our course tov\aril< tv leagues. titudc by the reckon- ing in the sea, about ortngaU. It riseih .t* The Kast end ol the boare that forme. The nd licth in thirty and f .Madera, which lictli re Island and fruiiliill, and hi;;h. By lline nd wc srt ciir course to Santo. These two and. About three ol ijues of the West ende iippose we rannc this 10 of the clockc at al'- ;oiirsc, and ranne tl>at The M. Wil. Towrson. 1. XnAFl-IQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 481 The r>. day we ranne 15. leagues more. The (). dav in the morning we ravjcd the Isle of Tencrif, otherwi.se called the Pike, because Tewti/. it is a very high Island, with a jiike vpon the top like a loafe of suger. The same night we niis- cd the Isle of Palma, which is a high land also, and to the Westward of the Isle of Tenerif. •*»'""• The 7. day wc pcrceiued the Isle of Gomera, which is an Island standing betwixt Tenerif Oumcrj. anil I'alina, about \2. Icauiues Flastwanl from Palma, and 8. leagues Westward from Tencrif: and for fcare of being becalmed with the Isle of Tenerif, we left both it, and Gomera to the Eastward of vs, and went betwixt Palma and Gomera. We ranne this day and night liO. lejgiies. Note that these Islands be 60. leagues from Madera, and that there arc .'{. Islands more to the Westward of Tenerif, named the (irand Canaria, Forte-ventura, & L:niccrot, of whicli Islands we came not in sight ; they be inhabited by .Spaniards. This dav also we had sight of the Isle of Ferro, which is to the Southwards 13. leagues Ferro. from the other Islands, and is |)osscs.sed by Spaniards. All this day and night by reason of the winde \\e could not double the point of the Isle of Ferro, except we would haue gone to the WcMtvvard of it, which had bene much out of our course : therefore we kept about, and ranne backe line houres Fastnoriheasi to the ende we might double it vpon the next boord, the winde continuing Southeast, which hath not bene often scene vpon that coast by any traueil- ers: for the winde continueth there for the most part Northeast, & Fast Northeast: sn vpon the other boord b) the next morning we were in a mancr with the Island, and had roouie viioU!;h to double the same. The H. day wc kept our course as neerc the winde as wee could, because that our due course to feti li the const of Barbarv was Southeast and by East, but by the scant windu wee could not '^oe our due course, but went as neerc it as wc could, and ranne this day and night '2.>. leagues. The l>. dav we ranne HO. leagues, the 10 '2."i. leagues, the I'i. 'ii. The l'2. day we sawe a saile vndcr our I,ce, wliich was .as wc thought a fisherman, so that wee went roome to hauc spoken with him, but witiiin one houre there fell such a foggc, that nee could not sec the shippc nor one of vs the other : wc shot ofT'diuers pieces to the Ilinde, but -lu" heard them not : at artenioonc she shot olfa piece which wee heard, and made her aiiswere with another; and within one halfe houre cifter the fogge brake vp, aiul we were jL witiiin 4 leagues of the shoare vpon the coast of Harbary, and wee sounded and had J4. fadom •■'.,■. water. The Harke al«o came roomc with \s and there ankereil bv reason of the contrary winde When wc fell with the laiul, we could not iudge iustiv what part of the land it was, hciause the nio^t part of that co.ist is lowe land, and no ])art to be iuilgcd of it but the fore part of the shoare, which is white like chalkc or sand, and vers deepc vnto the hard shoare : there immediatly we be;;an to lish, and found great store of a kindc offish which the Portu- j;als conmionly li>h for vpon that coast, whii h they c.d Pergosses, the Frenchmen call them S.iiler*, and our men salt-water bre:unes Before the clearing vp of the fogge, the shijipe whii h we followed shaped vs sucli a course that we could sec her no more, by reason of oiir shooting o(I' to (inde the liirule ag.iine. Tiiis part of the coast of Barbary, by our Pilots reck- oning;, is about 1(». leagues to ihe Eastwards of the riuer del Oro. RincrdciOi» 'I'he \'.i. (lay in the afternoonc wee sp\ed asailc comniing towards \s, which wee iudged to !e (le s liU- ih:it wee sawe the dav before, and a^ soone as wc spied him, wee caused the Ilinde to way her am re and to ;;oe ti'wardes him, ami manned out our Skilfc in like case to lay hiai ,iboonle, or to discerne what hec was, and wee our sekies within halfe an houre alter \:ue(l .li-o : but alter the saile had espied \s, hce kept about, and turned backe againe, and sli'Ttlv .if'ter there fell such anotiuT fogije, tliat wee conlde not sec him : which fogges continu- ed all thai niglit, so that wee were constrained to leaue the chase, fhis afternoonc the winde r:imc about, and wee went our course Southwest and b) West, to goe clcare oil" the coast, wee raiiiu- that niuht sixteene leagiu's. The fiiireteentli dav in the m. with (iue men, VOL, II. 'J Q, and '1 ' « ■ I'- J 482 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. M. U'il. Towrson. I. lM-J1 )^ 1 iVji •i'/f '' ^' ' f hi|i, and thereby iudged it to be the riucr de Sesios, wliiili light as sooiu' as we espied, we taiiic to an anker \e supposed thai the light (amc from the shore, and so waved and set saile liast Soulheast along the slioare, becaiiNO ihr Nf.aster did not well kiu)w the place, but thou;;ht that we were not so farre io the East a-i ilic riuer de Sestos. This land all a long is a low land, and full of very high trees all along the shoare, so tli.ii it is not possible to know the place that a man doth fall wilhall, except it be bs the l.iiitiidt': In these 24. houres 1 thinke we ran l(». leagues, lor all the night we had a great gale :i> vc were vnder saile, and had withall store of thunder and lightnings. The Mi. day for the most part we ran Kast Soulheast all along the shoare. within two Ira^iirs alwayes of the same, and found the land all as at the first, ful of woods and great roi ks lianl aboord the shoare, and the billow beating so sore, that the seas brake vpon the shoare as while as snow, and the water mounted so hii;h that a man might easily disccrne it 4. lea;;ucs nl)', in such wise that no boate could land there. Thus we nui \ ntil 12. of the clocke, and then they tooke the Sunne and after iudged themselues tn be "*!■. leagues past the riuer de Sf^ll>^ to the Eastwards, by reason whereof we hailed into the shoare within two English miles, ami there ancred and found fifteene fadom water, and all oH'from the shoare the sea so sninoih, that we might wel haue rid by an Hawser. All thai after-iu)onc we trimmed our l-li'm ^iit to banc bene a ^Inp, • as we espied, we lainc eiause we doubleil ih.ii at an anker, but in tlic miles from vs, one ;;r(at iscil lluil the li^ht i.inn' the shoare, betan^c ilir I) fane ui the l/.i>t a-* llic ilonn till' shoare, sile a> ve hoare. \\ilhin two lcai;iics (ids and };reaf ro( k^ lianl vpon the shoare as while erne it 4. Iea;;ue> olV, in of the cUxke, ami thou < past the riuerde Sc>Iik I two English miles, :iml shoare the sea so snionih, ; trimmed our _">.i»e ami ore to seeke some ;)iaic ■stos, because the wkhIc blowes .V. Wil. Towrson, 1. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 483 blowes alwaye!) conlrary, and the Cnrrant runneth alwaycs to the Eastwards, which was also The Cumnt against vs. «||j^« ^'"• The 14. day we set saile & went back againe along the coast, and sent our boats hard aboord the shoare to seeke a watering place, which they found about 12. of the clock, and we being farre info the sea, met with diners boats of the Countrey, small, long and nar- row, & in eiiery boate one man and no more : we gaue them bread which they did cat, & were very glad of if. About 4 of the clocke our boats came to vs with fresh water: and this night we ankered against a Riucr. The 1,5. day we wayed and set saile to goe neere the shoare, and with our leade wee sounded all the way, and found sometimes rockes, and sometimes faire ground, and at the shallowest found 7. fadoins alwayes at the least. So in line we found 7. fadom and a halfe within an English mile ol the >.hnare, and there we ankered in a inaner before the mouth of the Riuer, and then wee sent our boats into the Hiuer for water, which went about a mile within the Riuer, where they had very good wafer. This Riuer licth by estimation 8. leagues beyond RiuerS.vin. the Riuer de Sestos, and is' tailed in the C'arde Riuer S. Vincent, but it is so hard to finde, ""' that a boat being within halfe a mile of it shall not be able to discernc that it is a Riuer: by reason that directly before the mouth of it there lyclh a ledge of rockes, which is much broader then the Riucr, so that a boate must runne in along the shoare a good way betwixt the rockes and the shoare before it come to the mouth of the Riucr, and being within it, 't is a great Riuer and diners other Riuers fall into it : The going into it is somewhat ill, because that at the entring the seas do goe somewhat high, but being once within it, it is as calmc as the Thames. There are iicerc to the Sea vpon this Riuer diners inhabitant.s, which are mighty bigge Cioih midfof men and go al naked except some thing before their priuie parts, which is like a clout about ,"Jl!j^"^' °' a quarter of a yard long made of the barke of trees, and yet it is like a cloth: for the burke is of that nature, that it will spin small after the maner of linnen. Some of them also weare the like xpon their he.i• ha>ons wee had by estimation about Hi), li. for a piece, and for an Elephants tooth of 30. li. w.iigiit, we gaue theiu 6. The Iti. (lay in the morning we went into the riuer with our Skilfe, and tookc some of curry sort of our niarchandize with vs, and shewed it to the Negroes, but thev esteemed it nnt, but made light of it, and aI.:iw that 1 was not there, he made signes to know where I was, and they made signes to iiini againe that I was in the ships : and then hee made signes to know who was Captaine b) the name of Diago, for so they call their Captaine, & they pointed to the master of the ship: then he began to shew his Graines, but he held them so vnreasonably, that there was no prdii to be made of them : which things the Master jierceiuing, and seeing that they had nosiiiri- of Graines, came away, and tookc not abouc M. pound waight of (iraincs. Then he weni a .shoare to the litle Towne where wc were the day before, & one of tiicm plucked a Gounl, wherewith the Negroes were ollended, &: came many of them to our men with their liaris and great targets, and made signes to them to depart : which our men did, hauing hut one bow and two or three swords, and went aboord the boatc and came away from iheni and assoone a» they were come aboonl wc wayed and set saile, but the windc was oil' ih: Sea, so that we could not get out cleare of certainc rocks, and therefore wc came to an ancre againe. This riuer is called Riuer S. Vincent, standing in 4. degrees and a halfe, and it thhcih there euery 12. houres, but not much water when it ebbeth the most : while wee were there, it ebbed one fadome and a halfe water. This countrcy as farre as we could perceiue is altogether woody, and al strange trees, where- of wee knewe none, and thev were of many sorts, with great leaucs like great dockes, which bee higher then any man is able to reach the top of them. There are certaine pcason by the Sea side, which grow vpon great and very long stalkcs, one of the stalkcs I measured' and found it 27. paces long, and they grow vpon the sand like to trees, and that so neerc the Sea, that sometimes the Sea flowcth into the woods as we might perceiue by the water markes. The trees and all things in this place grow continually greene. Diuers of ihe women iiaiie such exceeding long breasts, that some of them wil lay the same vpon the ground anil lie downe by them, but all the women haue not such breasts. At this place all the day the winde bloweth off the Sea, and all the night oflTthe land, hut wee found it to dilTer sometimes, which our Master marueilcd at. This night at 9. of the clockc the windc came vp at the Mast, which ordinarily about that time was wont to come out of the North Northwest ofTthc shoare : yet we waved and hailed oflT South with that windc all night into the Sea, but the next morning wc hailed in againe ic the lande, and tooke in 6. Tunncs of water for our ship, and I thinke the llinde tooke in as much. I could ;,:r;.";^ and flowcth «tid A hatCr. I.eaueiof n- crfding length. I.onp rose ! !:i. '. IVil. To-wrson. I. rcat leauc!) and bag- ■d high, where they >. In some of their workc their bo:\ics. But when wee were cir inancr. full ill tK\yi^ : lis scruants in a boat ;pt wee would ciiuu' ed vs his Graiiiei and :nild hauc done soino- I .-hoarc, and sent tin- n that the last das hv ito the riuer, the (i])- 1, ^ alter that hi- -iiw ■ made signes to lilm ) was Captaine b\ the c master of the >lii|i : n\ there was no pnlii that the) had nosiorc raines. Then he weui ihem plucked a (Joiinl, • men with their dari-i nuMi did, hauinu hut ■ame away from them the windc was oil li .■ lercforc wc came to an a halfe, and it thluih )bcih the most : while al strange trees, where- like great dockcs, which and very long stalkcs. lev grow vpon the >3nil th into the woods as we iucrs of the women haiic ,pon the ground and lie night ofl'the land, hut lich ordinarily about that yet we waved and hslUil ng wc hailed in agaiiic to inke the Uinde tookc in I could M. Wil. Towraon. I. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 485 *). ».| Tht tanfuiec •bout the Riutr sf S, Vincent. I could not perccitie that here was any gold, or any other good thing : for the people be to wildc and idle, that they giuo thcmsefuei) to Nceke out nothing : if they would take painea they might gather great store uf graines, but in this place 1 could not pcrceiue two Tunne. There arc many foules in the Countrey, but the people wil not take the paines to take ihcm. I obserucd some of their words of spcach, which I thought good here to set downe. Bczow, bczow, " fls their salutation. Manegele afoye, (Jraincs ynough. C-'rocow afoye, Henncs ynough. Zerammc afoye, Haue you ynough ? Begge saeke, Giuc me a knife. Begge come, > ^ Giuc me bread. Borkc, Holdc your peace. Coutrecke, Ye lye. Veede, Put foorth, or cmptie. Brekeke, Rowc. Diago, J LThcir Captaine, and some call him Dabo. These and other wordes they spcakc very thicke, and oftentimes recite one word three times toge- ther, and at the last time lt)nger then at the two first. The 18. day towards night, as we were sailing along the co.nst, wc met with certaine boats in the sea, & the men shewed vs that there was a riuer thwart of vs, where there were Graines to be sold, but we thought it not good to tary there, least the other ships should get before vs. This riuer hath lying before it three great rockes, and .'j. small rocks, one great tree, and u liile tree right by the riuer, which in height exceeded all the rest : we hailed this night along the coast 10. leagues. The ly. day as wc coasted the shoare, about twelue of the clocke there came out to vs 3. boatcs to tell vs that they had graines, & brought some with them for a shew, but we could nnt tary there. We proceeded along the coast, & ancred by the shore all the night, and ran this day 10. leagues. The tJO. day the Hindc hailing aiikered by vs amongst rockes, and foule ground, lost a small anker. At noone, as we pa.ssed along the coxsi, there came forth a Negro to vs, mak- ing signcs, that if wc would goe a shoare, wee should haue Graines, and where wee ankered at night, there came another tn vs, and brought Graines, and shewed vs them, and made si);nes that wee should tary, and made a fire vpon the land in .he night, meaning thereby to tell vs where wc should land, and so they did in diuers other places vpon the coast, where ihcy saw vs to anker. In al the places where we haue ancred, since we came from our watring place, wc haue The tides and found the tide alwayes running to the Westwards, and all along the coast many rockes hard ,hoate. aboord the shoare, and many of them a league off the shoare or more, wc ran this day 12. leagues. The 21. day, although we ranne all day with a good gale of winde, yet the tides came so sore out of the coast, that wc were not able to runne aboue sixc leagues : and this day there came some Negroes to vs, as there had done other times. The 22. wee ranne all day and night to double a point, called D.is palmas, and ranne six- The point of tccne leagues. •'•''""• The 23. day about 3. of the clocke we were thwart of the point, & before wc came to the Westcrmost part of it, we saw a great ledge of rocks, which lie West from the Cape about 3. leagues and a league or more i'rO the land. Shortly after wc had sight of the Eas- lermost part of the Cape, which licth 4. leagues from the Westermost part, and vpon the very corner thereof lie two grcene places, as it were clo.ses, and to the Westwards of the Cape the land parted from the Cape, as it were a Bay, whereby it may well be knowcn. Foure leagues more beyonde that there licth a he.id-land in the sea, ond about two leagues beyond the head-land there gocth in a great Bay, as it were a riuer, before which place we ankered m KV \i>. ,;• in 1 486 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. M. WU. TowTion. I. I lit r M " 'Hit iidtt run. iiin| E^icwtrd. A Townf . nnkrrei) all that nij;ht, which wee did, leant in the night, wee should oueminne a riuer, where • Thiiwiiihc the* last yeere they had all their Elephants teeth. ycrtijj«. jijjg (^jipj oa^ ualmaH lieth vnder fourc depreefi and a halfo, and betwixt the naid Cape, and the riuer de SeMm is the sreatent store of Graines to be had, and being pant the md Ca|)e, there in no great otore eke where. Where we ankered thi» night, we found that the tide, which before ran alwayeit to the Westward, from thin Cape runneth all to the Eastward: thixday we ranne Nome Id, leaguoii. The 24. day running our course, about eight of the clock there came forth to vh certaine boats, which brought with ihcm small egges, which were soft without shcis, and they made vs signes, that there was within the land fresh water, tind Goatcs: and the Master ihinkiiv that it was the riuer which we sought, cast ancker and sent the boate on Nhcaro, with one that knew the riuer, and comming neere ihe shoare, hee pcrceiued that if was not the rinor, and so came backe againe, and went along the shoare, with their oares and s.iilc, and wre wevcd and ranne along the shoare also: and being thirteene leagues beyond the Cape, the .Master pcrceiued a place which he iudged to be the riuer, when wee were in decdo twn miles shot past it : yet the boate came from the shuare, and they that were in her saidc, that there was no riuer: notwithstanding wee came to an ancker, and the .Master and I tookc line men with \s in the boat, and when hee came neere the shoare, hee pcrceiued that it was the name riuer which hee did sccke : so we rowed in, and found the eniiance \er) ill, by rcj- son that the sea goeth so high : and being entred, diners boates cuni' to vs, and shewed \s that thev had Elephants teetli, and they brought vs one of about eigh' poi.nd, & a little om- of u pound, which we bought : then they brought certaine teeth vo th''? riuer side, niakiiij; signes, that if the next day we would come againe, they would seli vs them: so we gaiie vnto two Taptaines, to either of them a manillio, and so we departeJ, and came uboord, and sent out tiie other boate to another place, where certaine boates that came into the sea, nude \s signes that there was fresh water: and being come thither, they found a towne, but nn riuer, vet the people brought them fresh water, and shewed them an Elephants tooth, makiiii; signes that the next day they would sel them teeth, and so they came abnonl. This riiicr lielh by the (\irde thirlceiic leagues from the Cape Das p;ilnun, and there huh to the Westwards of the same a rockc about a leag'r, in the sea, and the riuer it sclfe haih .i jioint of lande commir)gout into the .Sea, wherei.pou grow due trees, which m.iy well her discerned two or three leagues oil) comming froi i lie We-tward, liit the riuer cannot h(T j)erceiucd vntill such time as a man be hard by .1, and then a man may |>crceiiie a litlc Towne on ech sitle the riuer, and to ech Towne there belongeih .i Captaine. The riicris but small, but the water is good and fresh. Two miles beyond the riuer, where the other towne is, there lieth another point infn the Sea, which is greene like a close, and not aboue sixe trees v|)on it, wliich growc one ofihem from the other, whereby the coa>.t may well be knnwcn : for along all the coa.eene so much bare land. In this place, and three or fmire leagues to the Westward of it, a! along the shoare, there grow many Palme frees, whereof they make their wine de I'alma. Thc>ie trees may en-\\\ be know en almost two leagues oil", for they be very high and while luxiied, and strcij;hf, and be biggest in the niid>t : lliey haue no boughes, but onely a n und bush in the lup of them : and at the top of the same trees they bo;ire a hole, and there they hang a butlell, and the iuyce of the tree runneth out of the said hole into the bottle, and that is their wine. From the Cape das Palmas, to the Cape Tres puntas, there are 1(X). leagues : and lo the port where wc purpose to make sales of our doth beyond the Cape Tres puntas 40. Icai;iifs. Note, that b ' " ' ~ ' the graines be gathered. The language of the people of this place, a« far as I could perceiue, difT'crefh not miuh fro the language of those which dwel where we watred before: but the peo|)lc of this i)l;irc be more gentle in uaturc then the other, and goodlier men : their building & apparel is all one with the others. Tl.ri.- Many Palme irrti. C$yt Tic I {"untas Ires uu Note, that betwixt the riuer De Sestter and 1 lool^c line rceiued that it was ihp ■ance ver\ ill, l>y rca- to vs, and shewn! \.i pol.nd, & a little one ^r finer sicle, making; v.t them : no we gaiic and ramc aboord, ami line into the Nca, made Hind a tuwne, but in. lejihants tooth, makiiij; a!)*c trees may ra>iK ' bmiied, and streii;hf, iind bnsh in the tup of TO they hang a bdtlcll, lottle, and that i-; their IK), leagues : and lo ilic I'res mintas 40. lfaf!iies. , i.s tne place where all iue, dilTtreth not mu(h the people of this place )iiilding & apparel U all M. Wil. Towrion. I. TilAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUnRIRS. Tlifirm«Mi|^ iwctnna ky^P ,w>(trarthleand of thase that hauc bene there, haue not bene v.snall, but in the night, at North otf the lande, and in the day South off the sea, and most commonly Northwest, and Southwest. The Jl . day wc went our course by the shoare Northwards : this land is al along a low shoare, and full of wo(Hl,as all the coast is for the most part, and no rockes. This morning came out many boatcs which went a fishing, which bee greater boates then those which we sawc before, sn that in some of them there sale b. men, but the fashion of the boats is all one. In the afternoone about three of the clocke wee h.id sigh* of a Towne by the sea side, which our Pilots iudged to be 'i.'i. leagues to the Westwards of the ("ape Tres pnntas. The third of lanuary in the morning we fell with the Cape Tres punt.^s, and in the night pas-sed, as our Pilots saide, b\ one of the I'ortugals castles, which is 8. leagues to the West- wanls of the Cape : vpon the first sight of the Cape wee discerned it a verv high land, and all growen oner with trees, and comming neere lo it, wc perceiued two head lands, as it were two Bayes betwixt ihem, which opened right to the Westward, and the vitermost of them is the l'«nstenie Cape, there we perceiued the middle Cape, and the Exstermost Cape: the middle Cape slandeth not aboiie a league from the West Cape, although the Card sheweth them to be 3. leagues one from the other: and that middle Cape hath right before the point of it a .small rocke so neere to if, that it cannot be discerned from the Cape, except a man be neere to the shoare, and vpon the same Cape standelh a great heapc of trees, and when a man is thwart the same Cape to the Easfwanl, there riseth hard by it a round greene hommoke, which commeth out of the maine. The Cjpe Trci pui- tat. » ' I I \ 4HH VOYAORS. NAUKJATIONS. A/. Wit. Towrnon ] t \' :k 'i Thr lownf nf Vita loJiii. The ihinlrCape in alxiiU a league l)rvoii(l llir midtllp ("ape, kiid U a hJKh land like lo tlip other ('»!»«•!<, aiul brivsixt ihi- miiUlIc, ami ihe ihirdt- roinmelh oui a litlc head or |iaid, about two league* to the K.iktwanl, lie out into the Sci a]. mo-l two miles ,i ledge of rockes, and beyond that a great Hay, which runneth into tin- Nun i Nortliwi's|\v;ir(l, and the land in this |)lace lieth North Northea-t along the shoare: bin ihr viiiTino«i |)(>ini of land in that |)lace lliat we could see, lay Noriheasi, and by Kas| from \, After that we witc with a sniail gale of wiiuie runne pa*! that \tlermost head-land. «,• sawe a gre.it red ■ liile, which the .Master againe iuilge the r'.aslwiird of the clifli-, whereupon the towne standelli, and being williiii the t lidr, >,,( Id tall our grapnel!, and ^fter that we had laricd there a good sjiac e, tliev sent a lioatc .iIkh ri| of \ s, to sIk'wc \s that tlicv had golde, and they shewetl \s a peece aboiii hallc a ip^mi- W'cight, and ropiircd In know our mea»ure, \' our weight, th it thcv might ■•hewi' ilicirC,i|i tainc thereof : and w»e gaiie them a mea-iire of two ellc''. and a waiglit of two Ain;iir boitcs and went thither, ami Ixciiise ihil lh<' l.i-l vcerc the I'ortngaNai that place liiokc away a man Iroiii them, and alli r -hot al lliem \»llli ^nat Ili-c*, and did beale them frnm ihc place, we let fall our prappcl :iiino-l a Iki-c -IioI o(1 iln- -hoare, and there we l.iv ahoiil two liourcs, and no boat- came to \*. Then icriaiiic of our men with the llindes boate went into the 'n i M. Wtl. Toxornon. I M, mi. Timrwn. 1. TRAFI'IQUKS, AND DISCOUFRIES 489 ihc Bay wit uli lirlli to thf Raittwnrd or llie Kmne, ami within that Day they found n i^nmlty freth riiMr. and al'tcrwanU they came and waned lo vm .tUo t() rontc in, hecnimc they prn fined the Ne^oea to ennie downe to (hat place, whirh wc did: and inimeuiutly the Negrrx-N v.\vne fo va, and made vs ^iund that they had poidc, Inil none of ihein would come aboord our boatrn. n*»^er « cnid wee nerceine any hoalct that thev had to ronie withall, *o that we indeed ilwit ihc I'ortngala had njioiled their l)oalc*. I)ecan! twixt their legges, and m.ide fa^i before, ami behinde to their girdle", and cappes of their owne making, some like a basket, and some like a great vside purse of liea'elv wrought, and ihev bee in forme foure s(|uare, and \cry great, and somewhat longer then they bee broad, so th.il kneeling downe, thev make their iargefs to coiier their whole body. Their bowes be ef, I sent him two ellis of c!r a (|nartcr of .\» Angell a peece. or tlierrabiuih. We shewed them all our other things which wc had. but thev did not e-iteeme them About two ol' the clot ke, the Caplaine who did depart in the morning from vs, came againe, .ind brought with him to present nice withall, a hemic, and two great rooies, which I re- rriiied, and after made nie signes that the counlrey would come to his towne that night, and bring great store of gohl, which in deed aloiit 4. of the docke thev did : for there came ah( lit lot), men vnder .{. ("aplaines, well ap])ointed with their darts and bowes, and when ihey came to vs, cuery m;in slicked downe his dart vpon the slioarc, and the Captaines had »to(iles brought them, and they sate downe, and sent a young man aboord of vs, which brought a measure with him of an ell, and one fourth part, and one sixteenth jiart, and he would haue that fourc limes for a waight of one Angell and twelue graines: I offered him two clles, is I had done before for two Angels weight, whi( h he esteemed nothing, but still stuckc at vol. II. :i U hi> ^^\ ^m V iil I i ''I ' ■■ I i '■ Ml Vi ,7 kr^ .:h .ir, I. :■■/ -rii;^* 490 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, JJJ. IVil. Tourson. his foure measures aforesaid : yot in the ernle, when it grew very late, and 1 made him signes that I would depart, he came to foure clles for the weight abouesaid, and otherwise he would not deale, and so we departed. This day we toolce for basons s'xe ounces and a halfe and one eight part. The si\t day in the mornius; we manned our boates and the skifle well, for fearc of the Portuj^als which the last yecre had taken away a man from the other ship>4, and wnu on shoare, and landed, because they had no boates to come to vs, and so the nouii-; man whid, was with vs the night before was sent aboord, who seemed to hauc dealt and bargained be- fore with the Portugals for he could spcake a litle I'ortuguise, and was perfect in wei-^liisand measures : at his comming he ollcreil vs, as he had doiic before, one Angcll, and tweliic i;raii!f^ for foure elles, and more he would not giue, and made si^nes, that if we would not take that, we should depart, which we did : but before we did indeede depart, I odered him nt some rotten cloth three elles for his waight of an Angell and twelue graines, which he would not take, and then we departed making signes to him that wc would go away, as indeecic ko would haue done, rather then haue giuen lliat measure, although the cloth was ill, seeing we were so neere to the places, which we iudged to be \)elter for sale. Then we went ahuord our ships, which lav about a league o(l', and came backe againe to the shoare for sand and balaste; and then the Caplaine perceiuing that the boats had brought no marchandize but came onely for wafer and sand, and seeing that we would depart, came vnio them, makini; signes againe to kiu)w whether would wc not giue the foure dies, and they made si'.;nes againe, that we would giue them but three, and when thev sawe thai the boates were re.idv to dcpnr!, ilu'v came vnto them and gaue them the weight of our .\ngell and twelue graines, whicli wc recjuired before and made signes, that if we would come againe, they would take three die-. So when the boates came abn<>rtl, we la\de wares in then* both, and for the speedier dis|)at( li I and lohn Sauill went in one boat, and the Maister lohn Makeworth, and Itichard Curlijiin, in the other, and went on shoare, and that night 1 tooke for my part liftie and two ounccN, and in the other boate they tooke eight dunces aiul a quarter, all by one weight and mea- sure, and so being verv late, we ilepirled and went aboord, anil tonke in all this day three pound. The seuenth day we went a shoare againe. and that day I l(>(>ke in (mr boate three pouiiil 19 ounces, so that we dis[)alched almost all the doth that we caried with vs before noone, and then many of the people were departe iiille out y time, but goe thence with speede to Don lohns tiwne. Hut lohn Sauill and Idin Makeworth were desirous to goe againe : and I, loth to hinder them of anv profile, consented, but went not my sdl'e : so they tooke eighteene ouiu'es of gold and came awav, seeing lliat the people at a cerlaine crie made, were dep.irtcd While they were at the shoare, there tame a young fdlow which could speake a little Por- luguise, with three more with him, and to him I soldc .'W basni;s and two small white «aw- 1 ers, for three ounces, iVc which was the best reckoning tha: wc Hid make of any basons; and in the forenoone when I w.is at the shoare, the .Master solde line basons vnto the same fellow, for halfe an oun e of golde. rhis fellow, as farre as we couhl |)erceiue, had bene laken into the C'asilc bv the Porlii- gales, and was gotten away from them, for he tolde \s that the Portugales were bad men, and that they made them slaucs if they could take them, and would put vrons vpon their lei,'ges, and besides he told vs, that as many Frenchmen or Knglishmen, as thev could take (for he could name these two \ery wdi) they would hang them; he told vs further, that there were ()l) men in the castle, and that euerv yeere there tame tliither two shippcs, one great, and one small taruell, and further, that Don lohn had warres with the Portugals, which gaiie nice the better coura^^e to goe to his towne, which lieth but foure leagues from the Casile, whcrchence our men were beaten the last yeere. This fdlowe came aboord our -hippc without feare, and assoone as he came, he demauiuled, «w"y'/NnrM''^''y ^*^ ^■''^ ""' b""""??'" againe their men, which ll-.c last veerc we tooke away, and could tell itiihecaitU-ut Miui. Thf . .i\i%h\i\ r::v M. Wil. To-xrson. M. nil. ToxiTSon 1 . THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIF.S. 491 fell vs that there were fine taken away by Englishmen : we made him answcre, that they were in England well vsed, and were there kept till they could spcakc the language, :nd then they should be brought againe to be a heipe to Englishmen in this Countrey : and then he spake no more of that matter. Our boates being rome aboord, wc wayed and set saile and a iitle after spied a great fire vpon the shoarc, and by the light of the fire we might discernc a white thing, which they lonke to be the Castle, and for fearc of ouershooting the towne of Don lohn we there ankered two leagiics otl' the shoare, i.)r it is hard to fetch vp a towne here, if a ship ouershoot it. This day we tooke scuen pound, and fine ounces of goldc. This towne lieth in a great Bay, which is very dcepe. The people in this plaoe desired most to hauc basons and cloih. They would buy some of ihem also manv trifles, as kiiiues, horselailcs, homes: and some of our men going a shoarc, sold a cap, a dagger, a hat, Sec. Thcv shewed vs a certain course cloth, which 1 thinkc to be made in France, for it wxs course wooll, and a sn.all threcd, and as thicke as wosted, and striped with stripes of greene, while, yellow &c. Diners of the people did wejre about their neckes great beades of gla»se of diuersc colours. Here also I learned .some of their language, as fullowcth : Maitea. mallen, Dassee, dassee, Sheke, Cowrte, Cracca, B3.ssina, Foco, foco, Molta, Thil Ungua|e Itemcth partlf to be comi[K. >< 'Is their salutation. I thanke vou. Golde. Cut. Kniues. Basons. Cloth. LMuch, or great store. The eigiit day in the morning we had sight of the Castle, but by reason of a miste that Sijht of the tlicn fell we could not hauc the perfect sight of it, till wc were almost at the towne of Don ""'"^ *^"* Iiihn, and then it cleared vp, and we saw it and a white house, as it were a Chappell, vpon the hill about it : then we hailed into ihe shoare, within two English miles of Don lohns towne, and there ankered in scuen fadome water. Here, as in many other places before, wc perceiucd that the currant went with the winde. The land here is in some places low and in some high, and full of wood altogether. The towne of Don lohn is but Iitle, of about twentie houses, and Ihe most part of the ^°" '<'''"' towne is walled in with a wall of a mans height, made with recdc or sedge, or some such thing. Here we staied two or three hourcs after we had ankered, to see if any man would rome viifo vs : and seeing that none did come, we manned our boates and put in marchan- tlizc, aiid went and ankered with our boates necre to the sh.^ poll, and hailing driiion the matter ofT a long time, and hauing brought the measure to :i nayle ieswe then three elles, and their weight to an angcll and twentie graines, and could not bring ihcm to more, I did conrhide with them and solde, and within one quarter of an houre J tooke one pound and a quarter of an ounce of goide : and then they made me HJgnos to larv, till they had parted their cloth vpon the shoare as their manner is, and they would come againe, and so they went awav, and Inyde the cloth all abroad vpon the sandc peeco bv pecrr. and by and by one came running downc from the towne to them, ai-.d spake vnto thern,,iiul foorthwith euerv man maile as much haste as he could awav, and went into tlie wonds to hiilo his golde and his cloth : we mistrusted some knaucry, and being waned bv them to cdinc ? shoare, vet we would not, Init went aboordc the Hinde, uiid perceiueil vpon the hill ;{0 nu'n which we iudged to be Portngals : and they went vp to the toppc of the hill and there tnus. tcred and shewed themselties, hauing a flag^e with them. Then I being desirous to knciwc what the Hart did, tooke ihi- Hinder bo.ite and went towards her, and wh«'n I canic necrc ti. them thev shot off two pieces of ordinance which I marueiled at : I ni;>de as much IknIc ;i, I could to her, and met her boafe and skifle comming from the shoare in all haste, and we met aboord together. Thev shewed me that they had heenc a shoare all thnf day, and h;i(i giuen to the two oonnes of Don lohn, to either of them three vardes and a halfe of cloth, ;ind three ba-ons betwixt them, and had deliuered him .'{ yards ol cloth more and the weii;ht ui The PottiifaW an angcll and Vl graines, and being on land did larie for his nnswere, and in the meape limp of ihciMMif of ,|^p Portujjals came running from tlie hill vpon them, whereof the Negroes a litle before had ourmtr. guieii them warning, and bad them to go awav but thev prrcciiieo it not. The sonne of |)(,n lohn conspired with the l'ortiig:iles against them, so th.il ihev were almost vpon them, l)i;t yet thev rccoucred their boate and set oil' from the >ho.ne, and the Portngales shut tlicir calieuers at them, but hurt no man, and then the shippe pcrceiiiing it, shot off the two |)ci(e» aforesa\de among them. Hereupon we l.iyde bases in both the bcates, and in the SkiHe ;ii,(l manned them well, and went a shoare againe, but because of the winde we could not i,niul, but lay off in the sea about ten score and shot at them, but the hill succoured them, and thev from the rockes and from the hilles shotte at vs with their halfe hakes, and the Ncjirnc^ more for feare then for Imie stoode by them to hcipe them, and when we saw that the Negroe* were in sue h siibiection vnio them that diev durst not sell vs an\ thing for feare of them M' vent aboord, and th:it nii;lit the wind" kept at the Kast, so that we couhl not with our ship fetch the Hinde, but I tooke the boate in the night and went aboord the barke to see wliar was there to be {h hilles which may be sim : at last he sent a boat to call tovs, which would not come neere vs, but made v-; signes to (oine againe the next day : but in fine, I got them to come aboord in otlering them t.iiiig-. to giue to their captaine, which were two elles of cloth, one l;itten bason, one white bason, a bottle, a great piece of beefe, and sixe bisket cakes, which they rcccaicd making v.es cane to the rocks h.nd hy vs, and dis- charged calicuers ai \s, and agiiiw the roring.des shot o(i" their base twisc more, and then (Hir ship shot at them, but tl.v n ( kes and hilles detenilcd tliem. Then we we' I dioiid to goe liom this place, sppliv^ the Negroes bent against vs, because that the last \eere ,\1 (J.iiiisi. did take away the Captaines soiitic and three others fnnn this pla(o with llieir goldc. m.l all that tiie\ had about them : which was the cause that thev be- came friends witn th',- I'miu'. ■ilis, whu-n befoie they hated, as did appcare the List vecre bv the Four? men ti- ken .uvay by the Hngli.l: A great townf . The like ihry doe ill (he countrey of Preie lanr.i. M.stfr Rut'trt li.tinihes voy- jgf 10 (Guinea • 11 anno 1554 ^ ' 'if l:i 494 VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS. At. Wit. Tourson. Guine. A I'ortugilt Brijanilin?. TheEnsUih thc courtcoiis intcrtaincmciit whicli the Triniiic liad thcrc, when the Captnine rame alxiord bu"d°I'twn°in ^^^ shippe, and broiiglit them to his towne, and otVcrcd them ground to build a Castle in, and there they had good sales. The 14 day we waycd and plyed backc againc to sccke the Hinde, which in the mornins we met, and so we turned both backc to thc Eastwardcs to see w hat wc could doe at thai plarp where the Trinitie did sell her eight friscs ihe last yccre. Thc llinde had taken cightccnc ounces and a halfc more of goldc of other Negroes, the day after that we left them. Thi, day about one of thc clocke wc espied ccrtainc bnaies v|ii)n liic sand and men by ihcm and went to them with marchandizes, and lookc three ounces of gold for 18 fuffs of cloth, rucrv fuffe three yards and a halfc after one angcll and I'i graincs thc fufTc, and then they made mesignes that thc next day I should hauc goldc enough : so thc Master tooke the llinde with lohn Sauill and lohn Makcworih, and went to seckc thc place aforesaid, & I with Uirhanl Pakeman remained in this place to see what we could do thc next day : and when the Nc- grocs perceiued our ship to go away, they feared that the other would follow, & so sent forth 2 boats to vs with 4 men in them, requiring vs t(» lary & to giue them one man for a pledge, and 2 of them should tary with vs for him, so Edward M.Morlei>iseniant seeing these men so earnest thereiif offered himselfe to be pledge, and we let him goe for two of them, one whereof had his waights and scales, and a chaine of goldc aboute his necke, and another about his arme. They did eate of such things as wc had and were well contented. In i|ic night the Negroes kept a light vpon the shoare thwart of vs, and about one of the cloilcc wc heard and saw the light of a base which shot off' twise at the said light, and by and hy dischargetl two calicucrs, wliich in the end we perceiued to be the Porlugals brigandine whieii followetl vs from place to place, to giuc warning to the people of the cnuntrey, that ihev .should not (Icale with vs. The 15 day in the morning thc Captaine came downe with 100 men with him, and broujjlit his wife, and manv others brought their wiues also, because their towne was 8 miles \p m the countrey, and they determined to lie by thc sea side till they had lMiu<>ht what tlicy ui.uld When he was come he sent our man ahoord, and required to hauc two men plidgcs, ami lif liin'..sellc would come aboord, and I sent him two, of whom he tooke but one, and >o came aboord vs, lie and his wife with diners of his friends, and l;roughl me a goatc and two treat rootes, and I gauc him againe a latten bason, a white bason, (i manillios, and a boitell , f Malmesic, and to his wife a small casket. Afier this we bc(;an to make our measure and weight: and he had a weight of his owne which iield one .ingell aril I i graines, and rr()iiired :i measure of 4 elles and a halfc. In fine we conclude»l thc H part for one angell and *) graines, and before we had done, they lookc mine owne weight and meas;;'X'. The 16 day I tooke 8 li. I ounc e of gold ; and since the departure of the Hinde I heard ikh of her, but when our pledge went into the countrev the first niglit, he saiil he .saw her fa«t anker abouefiue leagues from tliiii |)l;uc. The 17 dnv I sold about 17 pieces of cloth, I't liKikc 4. li. 4 ounces and a halfc of gold. Thc IS day the captaine desired lohaue.sonie or our wine, and offered lialCe a ducket of gnli! for a liotiell: but I gauc it him freely, and miide him and his trainc drinkc besides. .And this d.iy also I tooke f) li. 5 ounces of gold. The ID dav hf sold about IS clothes, and tooke 4li. 4. cjunces and one i|uarter of golde. The liiO day we tooke 3 li. sixe ounces and a quarter of goldc. The 21 we tooke S. li 7 ounces and a quarter. The 22. 3. li. 8. ounces mid a quarter. .\nd this night about 4 nl" ihe clocke (he Captaine who had l,«ycn all this while \pon thc shoare, went away with all the rf day wee rcceiued out of thc Hinde 48 li. 3 ounces and one eight part of golde, which they Al. Wil. Toivrgoti. M. IVil. Tuurson. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 495 they had taken in the time that wc were from them. And this day vpon the request of a Negro lliat came vnto vs from a captaine, we went to shoarc with our marchaiidize, and tooke 7 li. and one ounce of gold. At this place ihey required no gages of vs, but at night they sent a man aboord vs, which lay with vs all night, because we might knowe that they would aNocome to vs the next day. Tlie 27 day in both our shippcs wc tooke 8. li. one ounce, ihrcc quarters and luiU'e a quarter of golde. The 28 we made sales for the companie, and tooke one pound and halfe an ounre of gold. The 29 day in the morning we heard two calieuers shot ofl'vp;)!! the shoi;e, wh"h vc iudgcd to be either by the Portugales or by the Negroes of the Portuj;ales: wc mnnned our boates and armed our seines and went to shoare, but could liiule nothing: for they were gone. The .'JO day we made more sale.s for the companie and lor the Masters. The 31 we sent (mr boate to shoare to take in sand for balast, and there our men met the Negroes, with wliom they had made sale the day before a fishing which did helpe them to till sand, and hauing mi gold, .sold fish to our men for their handkerchiefes and nightker- chicfes. The I. day of Februarv we wayed and went to another place, and tooke 1. li. 9. ounces 3 quarters of gold. The 2 ilay we made more sales: but h luing viewed our victuals, we deter- mined to tarie no long lime vpim the coast, because the most part of our drinke was spent, & tliat which remained grew sowre. The .'? and -t daycs we made some sales, though not great, and finding the wind this 4-. day to come oU" the shoarc, we set saile and ranne along the shoare to the Westwards: vpon this coast we found by experience that ordinarily about 2 of the docke in the night the winde comes olFthe shoarc al Northnortheast, and so confinueth vntil eight of the clocke in the morning: and all the re-it of the day and night it comes out of the Southwest : and a* for the tide or currant vpon this slmre, it gocth continuallv with the winde. The 5 day we continued sayling and thought to h:iue met with some English ships, but found none. Thesixt day we wen' our cnirse Southwest to fetch vnder the line, and ranne by estima- tion 2* leagues. The l.'}dav wee thought ourselues by our reokoniiig lo be clearc oil" the Cape das Palmas, and ranne I'i leagues. The 22 day we were thwart of the Cape de Monte, which is to the WestwanI of the Riuer lie Sesfiis, about .'JO leagues. The first day of March in a Tern.ido we lost the Hinde, whereupon we set vp a light and •hot off a piece but could not heare of her, so that then we strooke our saile and taried for lier, and in llie morniig had sight of her againe three leagues a sterne oU"vs. Vpon the22di\ we louiid our selues to be in the height of Cape Verde, which stands in 14. dcgrce-j and a halfe. From this day till the 2.) day we continued our course, and then wc found our selues to be ill 22 degrees. Thi-* dav one of our men called William Ki:)g, who had bene long sicke, died in Ills sleepe, hit apparel was distrilnited to iho-e that lackt it, and iiis monev was kept for his friends to be dcIiuiTod t'leni at hisconiining home. The .10 dav we I'oun ! our seines to be vnder the Tropike. The^l d.n wewentinir coui"/. Wj/. Toumm. 2. The HiTond voy.ijjp made by Maister \Villia;n To-vi I'n to tlio roast of Guinea, and the Castle ;>(). v. iih llii' Tiger of London a ship of 120 tiinnes, the Mart of London of (iO innnci. ;inii .i I'inne^sc ol'siN ;'enc tnnnes. THe foiirteentii day of September, the \eere ah 'iiiNayd, we depar'. d doni Harwicli, and directed our cour>e for the Isle of Siiiie, to niecic I'.cre with the Ilaii aiidPinnes.se, whicji were rigged and victualed at IJri^loll, i)ut airiiiin;- ihi re the eigtit and l>ventieth day we lound them not, and therefore after loni; l\inj> at Hull to I .rne for them, but not espying them, wc turned backe to riimnuuilh the I'i d:iv of DitobiT, .iiid lieiu^ there, the Han and the Pi,,. ncsse came to \s, so that the lii of Nonember ue all iie|)arted to ;elher from I'limnionih at one of the elocke in the alter noone, and the 2H d.iy we had siu;ht of ihe Isle of I'orlo Saiito and the next d:iy in the morning of Madera. The third day ol December we fell with the lie of I'alma, and the D wc were thwart n( Cape Hiaiike, and found tiiere cerlaine Carauels li>hing fur Fargoes. The li> we found our selues in the height of Sierra Lcona, and all this day we ranne thwart of cerlaine Currants, which did set to the We-st Souihweslward so fast as if it had bene the ouerfall of a sand, making a great noysc like vnto a streamc or tide-gate when the xsaicr i, shoale : and to prooue whither we coidd (inde ground in this place, wc sounded and !iad l,)ij fidoine, and no ground, and so departed. The ^0 of December we fell with the coa^t oftiuinea, and had first sight of it about k leagues oil". The best marke thai we cnuld l.ikc (I the place to knowc it was three liiiic,, wi)i(l) lay Northia^t and by Last iron; \s: bitwixi the .Norlheinu)st two hiiles there are iwi high and great trees -ending in siuiit as it were a saih's breadth one from another, andahil.' Tn,)re to the Norlhwi»iwaiils are certaine hommoiks ilauiiig savled somewhat into the shiare wee toiike our selues to be sholle somewhat p:i>l iht: riucr ere in the Xicitlur lA \-, .uid haiiing sight o( th( in we made nur scluo readie to mecle tm'm ,ind hailed odour sl.ips to fete h the wiiule as ncerc as wc cciilil : and h iiiiii'; saylcd ab()„r,i:. i'.oure or two, thev als>iii|)anv bciause of liie I'ortugals, and to goe to the Mina with them . wee loM tliem that we had iidi watered, and that we were but now fallen wilh the coast, and they shewed vs that wc wtrc liftic leagues [).is| the riucr de Scsins : notwithstanding there was walcrcnough to be had, aiiil lhc\ Wduhl helpc Ns to water with their cmue boats betausc thev would iiane om' ( ornp.une. .\nj luid \s lurther, that they had bene si\e wcekes \ j)on the nasi, and had gotten hul liiffc Inniics of graincs amongst them all. aiul \»heii wee h.id lieaid them, we made our rci koiiiiij; that aithcuigh the .\Iiiia were ( leare, yet if they did goe before vs, they would inarre our market; and if it were not cleare, then if the I'oilugals were there and did take thfin, thf\ Would vndersiand that we were behind, atul >(, would waite for \s. .\r.d further we niadi- account that if wc went with them we shdidd ilnc as well as tie\. it tiic coast were dc.irc; ii it were li't dcare, tlicn l)\ tlieni we were assured to be tlu' sir iigcr. 'i'herefore haimiL' roiisidciik' ^' ,-^w M. Wil. Tourson. 2. It or Guinea, and nil a nhij) of 120 s ;cn'' tunnes. , d lioni Harwich, an J I and I'iniiesse, wiiicli svcnticlh day we I'ounJ t not opyiiiR lliom, wi- the Hart and the Pin- ,,T I'roni IMimnim.ih at the \>\ate wlicii the wMcr i, ,c sounded and !iad 1)0 irst si^ht of it alunit i lowc il was three liilic-, >s<) hiiles there are iw. from another, andaliilj ..oniewhat into tlie sluare M) that we kept ahoiii to Mid l"t> pinnesses wlinh us readie lo iiicctc ilicm (1 li:iiiin« sayled abo.,i,,;: .e ihemsihies readie, an i ,( V ii.id made iheni-ilut, iiled wilh their slriMiiuT-, ,1 whin we niel, llu'\ luj lie riiilii>;;ii', waned llur. (led id" theni whence liu* ,.i' London in l'',ii;;l.uul me ImU l'is!iermen ; ilu'n in.i to defend it, and ih. ile-iiid to come .diouid ul rlifii llu' caplaine I'l' the Id keipe llu 111 coiiipjiiv I,, Id them that we ha>l rid leweilvs that wewereliftic ■iioiiilli to he had, anil liic) iiai'.e oiiriompanie. And , ;iiid had uotleii hilt llirfc n, we made our rci i,iiiu!i>; vs iliev would inarre mir ,. ;,iui dill lake ihcm, ihcx s. Ar.d further we kmW il till' toa^t were ile:ire; ii r n'_'<'r. Tiierefore haiiiiij; coii-iileriJ M. JVil. Towrson 2. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 497 roii>iderc(l lliiis imirh of their gentle offers, wee told them that the next day wee would con- I'er'e more largely of the matter. Whereupon they desired inc to come the next day to dinner tr ihcin, and lo brin more. The fourth day the French Admirall and wee tookc fiftecne small teeth. This day wee An «iauit vpun tooke tiiirlie men with vs aiul went to seeke Elephants, our men being all well armed ^vith '''r''"'"' h;ir()iiel)ussey, pikes, long bowes, eros.>ebowes, parti/.ans, long swordes, and swordes and bucklers: wee liiuiid two Elephants which wee stroke diners times with harqucbusses and long bowes, but they went away from vs and hurt one of our men. The fift day we set saile and ramie along liie co:ist. The () d.iy we i'ell with the riuer de S. Andre, at whic:h place the land is somewhat high to Riojjs. au. the Westward if the riuer, and a faire Uaie also to the Westward of it : but to the Eastward <>"■ of it il is lowe l.iiiil. The 7 day we went into the liiuer and found no village, but ccrtaine wild Ncgros not ac- (■ii»t(Miu'd t!> trade. It is a very great riuer and 7 failomc water in some places at the cntring. Here we lilleil w.iicr, and after set saile. Ihc S day we sailed along the shore and c.iine to the red clifles, and went forward in sailing the !• d.iy also. The lb day we came togetlier to confer with caplaine Blundel Adniiral of the French shi|)s, Cjfuinr Blim. Uriiin Uaiiilcl his \i(e admiral, and lohn de Orleans master of a shipi i 70 tunne, and with their ^VJ'jJjy""''' niarchai-.ls, and agreed that when Ciod siiouid send \s to any place where wee might make sale, ihat we should be ol one accurd and iml one of vs hurl the market of the other, but ccrtaine (if our hoales to make the price for all tiie re-t, and then one boate to make sale for euery •liippe. This night our Im.its going to the shore met with ccrtaine Negros, who said that they IkiiI gold, and llurcfore we here cast anker. The 1 1 day all tiie d ly we tooke but one halle angel weight of 4 graines, which we tooke hv hand, for llie people of tiiis jilace h.id no weight : tlic Negros called this place Allow. Allow. Tiiel'ida\ \w ran along llie coa-l and found but one lowne, but no boates would come out to vs, and therefore we went our course. The Hi day I tookc my boat and went along the shore, and passed by diners small townes, niul was waned to come in slioie at .'{ places, but the sea went so high \|)oii the shore, that it was not po>sil)!e fr \s t.i land, iiiither could ihev come to vs if thev had had boats, as I iiHiM sec nolle but at one pl.ice, where there was one that would haue come vnto vs, but the !.:iii(l-wash weni so xire liuit it oiiertiuiw his Ixiat, and one of the men was drowned, which ihc pcoiile l.iniented, ami cried mi sure, tlist we i.iight easily heare them, and they got Ills biiilv out of the sea, and i aricd it a'Ucngsl them to their lowne. ■file Ii dav we came within Saker--lioi of the castle, cV straigiitway they set forth an AI- nijih' to descry ss, and wiicii llu'v ])erieiiied that we were no I'ortugals, they ranne within the iiiwnc againe; for there is a great towiic bv the Castle which is called by the Ncgros Dondou » jrtu vol.. 11. ;{ S Dondou. '"""'• ' ) I J l^' iSf- 1 iV'.fe Jl^^' IP i^lflf!'^ 498 Tlif f Mile of Jhlina. Capt d< Tni VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Wit. Tomton «. Sdt*. H(MI< SlMnnM. Th« Ncgroi bruu(ht hum* byoui mm, Dondou. Without thii there lie two great rockes like Hand*, and the castle Rtandeih vpnn a point which aheweth almost like an Hand. Berorc we came at this caMle, wc Tound the Lnd for fiue or six leagues to be high land, and nboiit icuen leagxies before we came to ihe rin* tie, lowe land, vntil we came at the castle, and then wee found the land high againc. Thii castle standeth about fiue leagues to the East of Cape dc Tres piintaH. Here I tooke the bo:ite with our Nrgroa and ranne alongst the shore till I came to the Cape and found two small townes, but no boates at them, neither any trafiique to be had. At these \i\nn our Negros did vnderstand them well, and one of them went ashore at all the places and was well rerciued of them. This night we ankred at the Cape de Tres puntas. The 15 day I tnoke our boat and went along the shore, & about 3 leagues beyond the Eaut- ermost part of the Cayt". wc found a faire Bay where wc ran in, and found a smal lowne and certaine boates which bciun^cd to the same lowne, but the Negros in a long time would not come to VI, but at the last by the perswasiion of our owne Negros, one boat came to v.h, and with him we sent George our Negro a shore, and after he had talked with (hem, they rame aboord our boates without fcare, and I gaue to their rnptaine a bason, and two strings of Mar. garetf, and they shewed va about 5 duckats weight of gold, but they required so much for it that wee would not take it, becautie the Frenchman and wc h.id agreed to make price of our goods ail in one boat, and the price being made then every man to sell in hist owne boar, and no man to giiic more the the price which should be set by vs al. Thi^ place is called Bnllr, and here the Negros were very glad of our Negros, and xhewed them all the friendshi|> thcv couid, when they had told them that they were the men that were taken away being novt againe brought by vs. The Negroa here shewed vs that a moneth since there were 3 ships thai fought togethrr, ^- the two shippesput the other Ui flight: and before that at the rastie of Miiia there Mere 4 ships of the Portugals which met with one Frenchmaii, which Frcnchma'h causicd them all w flee, which shippe we tooke to be the Uoebargc : for the Frenchmen of our company iud>;nl her to be thereabout that time with her pinnasse also. And further, that after her went i shippe of tweluc score named the Shaudet all alone, and after her a ship of foiirescore, and ln.ih for the Mina. And there were two others also which they left, one at C.ipe Verde called ilu Leuriere of Diepe, and another at the riuer De Sestos. besides thciic 3 which all this lime br in our company, whose nancs be these : The Espoier of Hablenefl' which is the Admirnll, whose captaine is Denis filundell. The Leuriere of Roan Viceadmirail, whose nmstcr is lerome Baiidct. The other is of Hunfleur whose muster is called lohn dc Orleans. The sixteenth day I went along the shore with two pinnasses of the Frenchmen, and found a Bale and a fresh riuer, and after that went In a lowne called Ilania, twelue leagues beyonf! the Cape. At this lowne our Negros were well knowen, and the men of the lowne wept (cr ioy when they saw them, and demanded of them where Anihonie and Rinne had bene: and they told them that they had bene at London in England, and should bee brought home thr next voyage. So after tliis, cur Negros came aboord with other Negros which brought a weifjli; with them, which was so small that wee could not giuc them the halfc of that which they df- maunded for it. The Nejiros here told vs that there were fiue Portugall shippes at the Caslle and one \m- naase, and that the Portug.iis did much harme to their Counlrcy, and that they lined in fcirc of them, and we told them againe, thai we would defend them from the Portugals whereof thrv were very glad. The 17 day we went a shore and the Frenchmen with vs, but did no great good, the Ne- gros were so vnreasonable, we sold 80. Manellios for one ounce of gold. Then wee departed and went to Shamma, and went into the riuer with fiue boates well .np- pointcd with men and ordinance, and with our noises of trumpets and drummes, for we ihnught here to haue found some Portugals but there were none : so wee sent our Negros on shore, and after them went diuers of vs, and were very well receiued, and ihe people were very i>!ad of our Negros, specially one of their brothers wiucx, and one of their aunts, which receiurd them with much ioy, and so did all the rest of the people, as if they had bene their naiiirall brclhrea: M. Wit. To-wrwn 2. M. WU. Towrion t. TRAFnQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 499 is place is called Biillf, brethren : we comforted the captaine and told him that hee should not feare the Portugals, for wee would defend hitn from them: whereupon we caused our boat* to iihoote off their basefi and harquebusses, and o-auMd our men to come on shore with their long bowes, and they shot before the captaine, which he, with all the rest of the people, wondred much at, specially to see them shoot so farre as they did, and assaied to draw their bowes but could not. When it grew to be late, we departed to our ships, for we looked eucry houre for the Porlu- gals. * And here the Ncgroa shewed vs that there was an Englixh ship at the Mina, which *Naie. had brought one of the Ncgros againe, which Robert Gaynnh tooke away. R***" oiyriH. The 18 day we went into the riucr with no lesse strength then before, and concluded with the Ncgros to giue them for eucry FuW'e two v.irdn and three nailes of Cloth, and to take for it one angel-duckat: so that we tooke in all 70 Duckats whereof the Frenchmen had fortie, and wee thirtie. The nineteenth day wee went a shore cuery man for himselfe, and tooke a good quantitie of gold, and 1 for my part tooke foure pound and two ounces and a halfe of gold, and our Ilartex boate tooke one and twentie ounces. At night the Ncgros shewed vs that the next day the Portugal:! would be with vs by land or by Sea: and when wee were ready to depart, we heard diuers harquebusscs shonte off in the woods by vs which wee knew to bee Portugals, which durst come no neerer to vs, but shot off in the woods to see if they could feare vs and so make vs to leaue our tralRque. The 2U day we manned our fiue boats, and also a great boat of the Frenchmens with our men and the Admirals, Vi of them in their murrians and corsets, and the rest all well ap« poynted, with foure trumpets, a drumme and a Fife, and the boate all hanged withstreamen of Silke ai,d pendants very faire, and went into the riuer and trafliqued, our man of warre lying oflTand on in the riucr to waft vs, but we heard no more of the Portugals. This day the Negros told vs that there were certain ships come into Hania, which towne is about 2 Huta. leagues to the Westward of this place. This 21 day we manned our boats againe & went to a place a league from this to the West- wards, and there found many Negros with another Captaine, and sold at the same rate that wee had done with the others. The 22 day we went a shore againe and traffiqued in like sort quietly, and I tooke 4 pound and six ounces of gold. The 23 day about night the Negros with their captaine came to vs and told vs that the king of Portugals ships were departed from the Castle, meaning the next day to plie to the windward to come to vs, giuiiig vs warning to take heed to our selues: we told them againe that wee were very glad of their comming, and would be ready at all times to meet them, and to assure them that wee were glad of it, wee sounded our trumpets, and shot off certaine bases whereof the Ncgros were very glad, and requested vs that if the Portugals sought to hinder our tnttfique, to shew them all the extrcmitie that we could, promising vs that if they came by land, they would aduertise vs thereof. The 24 we went a shore with our trumpets and dnimmes, and trafliqued, and I bade the captaine of the towne to dinner. The 2."! day we being a shore, our ships had descried fiue sailes of the king of Portugals, Fiumileiof & our shijw shot of!" ordinance to call vs away, and we threw euery man his caske ashore for ^"j™''*"'"' water, and went to our ships, and by that time we had weighed and giuen order one to ano- ther what to do, it w.is night, so j' that night nothing was done. We set saile and lay close all night to get the wind if we could : we were neere some of them, and one shot off a piece which wee iudged to be the Admirall of the Portugals, to cause the rest to come and speake with him: so all this night wc made our sclucs ready for fight. The 2<» we came in with the shore and had sight of the Portugals where they rid at anker, and we bare with them, and we gaue all our men white scarfTes, to the ende that the French- men might know one the other if we came to boording: but the night came vpon V9 that we could not fetch them, but we ankered within demie-Culucring shot of them. The 27 day »ve weighed and so did the Portugals, and about eleuen of the clocke wee had J S 2 the l.F! ■ h: 111 li i1. J .;'! '-ll Mf 1 it ' ' I 500 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Jit. mi. Tnwrmi 2, Tlir fiKht with the Porti£4l>f Ihf Frtiith fi'p lake our mrn< the wind of ihctn, and then wc went roome with them, whirh when they perceiiied, tliev kept about to the shore ai;aine, and wee after ihem, an.o neere the >h(irc iliat they could not well riuinc any further on that boord, they kejit about ii^iiine, and lav lo the Sea- ward, and then we kept about wit' ' -m, and were a head of them, and tnokc in our tup. sailcM and laried for them : and ..jc .imt that came vp was a small barke which siiileil so well that she cared not for any of \>, and caried Rood ordinance; and as soone as she canu- \p, she shot at vs, and ouershot vs, and then she shot at the Adniirall of the Frenchmen, and shot him lhrouj;h in two or three places, and went forth a head of vs, because we were in imr fighting sailes : then came vp another caraueil vnder our l.ee in like case which shot at \s and at the Frenchman, and hurt iwo of his men anil shot him ihrou);li the maine ma-te. Anil after them came \p the Admirall vnder our Lee also, bul he was not able to doe vs so nuidi harme as the small shipjics, because he caried ordinance hif;iuT then they, neither were we able to make a ijood shot at any of them, because our shi|)p<' was so weake in the side, ili;,) she laid all tier ordinance in the Sea: wherefore we lhou;;ht to lay the sjreat ship abcuril, ami as soone as the French Admirall went roome with him, he fell a sierne and ctnild not Irich him, and after he fell asterne of two caraucls more and couM lef( h none of ihcni, but fell to Leeward of them all: and when he was to I.ecward, he kept about to the shoreward, am! Jdi vs, and then wc |)Ut out our topsailes and jjaue them chase, and both the other I'reiuhmen kept the wind, aiul would not come neere \«i, and our owne ship was a steriie so thai she could mi come to vs: and after wc had folowcd them about two hmiies to the seaward, tliev kept ahc m a^aine towards the shore, thinking to jiav vs as thev NNcnt aloni,' by, ami to h.iue the uind 1 1 the French Admirall whi( h bd'ure ran in towards the shore, aiul we kept about with them, ami kept still the wind of them thinking that our Viceadmiral and the other would bane f(ilo\Mi| vs as wee willed them to do; but after that the I'ortugall was past by ihcni, a:ul < nerv auv had shot at vs and our Vireatlniirall, both our \'iceadniirall and the two Frenc hnien, iV our owni' pinnasse left vs in the laps, and ran to seaward, and we ran still along, anil kept the wind 1 1 them to succour the French Admirall, who was vnder all of llieir l.ecs, and \*lien they met with him, euery one went roome with hini, aiul >.'aue him the brnail si ilh the smaller Fniirli- man, and he made mec answere that he lonld doe nothing, saving, tiiat bis ship would hcarc no saile, and had 10 of his men dead and sicke, so he maile vs plai le answere that he was able to due nothing. After this the Frenchmen durst not anker for fearc of the l^irtugales. ■fhe :\\^y \'' :• 1 /. mi. Towrmi 2. crcc'mcd, tlirv kept ire re ll>f ■"huro lliat •,;iiul lay totlic Sc:i- I tcHiko in our tup- wliidi »;iilc.c wliii'h j-hdl at v^ maii)r iTia''ti'. Anil li- to (Ice vs SI) nuidi c\, nrilluT were we kc ill lh<' »iil<'. Iliiit rcat ship aluMinl, ami and coulil not t'riih of them, but IVII lo (• sluiroward, ami Irli llur iTf nchnini krpi xo that she fdiilil iK'i ward, tlie\ kept aln ut id to h.iue the uiiiil > I t alxilil with them, ami •r would haiie I'lilnwiil them, aad < iierv cm' renchnien, I'v oiirowiu' and ke|)l the wind d 1, and \>hen they nin lie, and alter they i ;i-i veaiher ol' them, ir i :. re the sinalUNl, wenl • (irdinaiue that if llin lips that wc had, ami .< I. \iiule ax hee coiiKI, ni;.l iiie to Sea after the rf«t i- aloiK-, and ijane ilifin l i:i ^ed on all the -aiU"^ ili !' praied for vs, hut as li r of the iTenchnieii, nnil eti to lloaii : and \slitii I I) them to know whv tiny would neither rcare imr would doc luithinir, ;inil the Hart wasulad to tiwc a man of jtood stmnai kr, with the smaller I'lrmii- tiiat his ship would liearc i le answere that he w.w fcare ol ihc rortiigales. ■fla- M. Will. Towrson 9. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 501 The 29 day the tnastor of the piiina-cse came to vh and sayd that ihcy \«en not able to kec pc her any lonjjcr, and then wee vicvvcil her and seeing; there was no reinedie, her rudder with all the iron worke bcinj; broken both aloft and belowc, wcc aj^reed to brcakc her vpand to |)iii the men into the Hart. So we tooke out of her foiire bases, one anker, and certainc lire wood, and set her on (ire, and afterwards ran alonp; the coast. The thirtie day we went in to the shore, and spake with certainc Ne^ros, who told vs that snmc French shippes had bene there, but wee could not ba.'j;ainc with them they were ho vnreasonabjc. The .']! day I went lo shore but did not trallikc. The 1 (lav of Kcbrnarie we wci;4hed, seein;^ we could not bring the Nej^ros to any reason, and came to another place which sfanileth \pon an hill. The third day I went to a towne fourc leagues from vs, and shot o(T' two pieces, and the Captaine came to v-i, and I sent Thomas liippen a land who knew the Captaine, and assoone ■^^ he came on shore the Captaine knew him and diners of the Ncjjros who then began to aske for inee, and hauiiiif told the Captaine that I was in the boate, hee made no longer t:ir\inc but by and by caused twf) boaies to be put to the .Sea, and came to me himselfe, and when he sawe me, he crved to me before hee came to the boat and seemed to be the gladdest man aline, and so did ail the companie th.it knew mce, and I gaue him a reward as the maner of the Coiiiitrcv is, and caused the rrenehmen to giue another, promising the next dav to giiie him wmc: and th:it ninht berause it wa> late, lie Wllul(^not talkc of any price, but left me a pleil:;e, .ind tonkc another of me and so departed The ^ d.iy going on shore, I f iiinil that the ships of Kran<'e which had bin there, had dune mulh hurt lo our markets, but yet i lookc line ounces .iml a halfe of gold. The lift (l.iv I tiioke eight omii-es and one eight part of gold: but I saw that the Negros per- cciiied the iliHereiice in ("loth betwivt ours and tint which the Frenchmen had, which was better, and broader then ours: and then I told captaine lihindel that I would goc lo the Lee- ward, because I |)erceiued that being there where his Cloth wa* sold, I should do no good, whereof hee was sorie. The () ilay there came an almade i*i: Negros abnord me, reipiesting me to come to their towne for thev ha.l much t;oId and manv marcliants: and so I went and found flieir old Captaine '^onc. and another in his pi ice: but this ni^lit wee did no good, because the ni.irchants were nut come downe: so he rcipiircd a jilcdgc which I let hiin banc, and tooke amither of him. ■flic 7 day (iinrge our Negro came to vs, wlio had followed vs at tiie least 30 leagues in n >mall boat, and wlien he came, the Negros and we sooiu- concluded of price. I tooke this dav hue pound and one ounce, and .'{ ipLirlers of gold. This Negro we had left at Shamma :it the time of the light, who >.aid that he s.iw the liulit being on shore, and that when we were i;iine from the I'ortiig.iU, the I'drtuit-ils came into their riiier, and told them that the Knulish- miMi hid slaine two I'ortiig.ils with a piece, which was in deed out of our ship, and tlipv re- ([iiired harlionr there, but the cajXaiiie of Shamma would not siitVer them. The S day we tooke nineteeiie pound three ouiiees and a halfe. Tlie y diy we tooke two p unid six ounces and a halfe. The It) t come no iieerer to vs, so the piniuisse went after her. We tiioke this dav one pound liiiC ounces. The I'i day there came one of the Frcnchniens pinnasses to vs lade with cloth, and wculd hjiie made sale, but 1 would not sullicr him, and thcrcfoie tooke liiin and sent him aboord of FtltUMi' Cicorsr our Nfjto. Two Portiieals sliirir ty tlie Eligliih. Thf FfCiKliinen 'jtidlcd by iIk Eiijlikh. ^\ : - \ ' c''\ )k' !''■■' / ill !■ i" HOf V0YA0B8, NAUIOATIONS. M. Will. T\)wriion 2 of our ship, and caiiMil him to ride tiiere all day. We tooke flue pound aix ouncei and a halle. The 14 day we tooke of itnme NeKrox 4 ounce* or gold. The 1(1 wc came to another towne. The 17 day I went a shore and viKlfrnlood that S of the Portugall ahipa were nt the CaMlp, and the other two at Shamina. The raplaine of thi^ towne wa< gone to the prinripail li.wnr,' 10 itpeakc with their king, and would returne ahorily a* they told me, and m he did, and brought mc a weight and measure, and I Hcnt a man to hcc lh.1t principal! towne. and tju.jr kins. The Porlui'all nhipn rid no neerc v«, that within ii home* they might be with vi«, jft were all contented to tanr for nalea. The IH day cerlainc of the kingi leruants came und and foure nunrea. The 'J I I tooke foure pound and one ounce, and the Negree* enquired for flne clmh, and I (ipcnrd iwo piece* which were not fine enouKh, a* they —y<\. but i«eeing that wc had im (ilhcr, they bought of them. At night I prouided a gilt, or pre«rnt, and aent one tnarrh;int and a inurincr with it to the king, t.> certilc him of our want of \iciuaU, by reavnn wlirrrof we could not itiay long : for in deed we aearched our ahip. and the most part of our bctn: wuK leaked out of all our barrel*. The '^ day we tooke three ounce* and a halfe. KinfAbun, I'hc 23 our men came from the king Abaan, and told v*, that he had rereiued the vtr) rriciully, but he had liile gold, but promiaed, if we would tary, to iiend into all hi« ronnircv i>ter* vp in thr land, and i*, by the eiitimaiion i<( (nr men, a« bin in circuit a* London, but the building u like to the rest of the cuiintrcy. Thpv haue about thi» Towne great *lore of the wheate of the Countrey, and they iutlge, ihji ( ii one side of the towne there were one ihoutund rikc« of Whcaie, and another sort of (.'(irnr which i* called Mill, which iit «"jh vsed in Spaine. .\bout this towne they kcepe go(Kl \».ii h ciiory nisht, and hauc to warnc the watchmen crrlaine corHes made fast oiu-r their w.uf., >tliiri) lead into the towne, and certaine bels vpon them, fo that if any man touch the (order the I>cIh ring, and then the watchmen runne foorth of their watch houses to see what the \ Iw- and ii" they be enemies, if they paisr the coni, they haue prouision with certaine nets harii;ril oucr the wave*, where they must pas>e, to let fall vpon them, and sd take ihcm, and othir. wImc then by the wayes it is not possible to enter the towne, b\ reason of the thickets .md bushes which are aliout the name, and the towne is alsti walled round about with lon^; r;e and certaine barke* ol tree*. When our men came to the •ownr, it wa» about flue of the clock in the mornin;;, for ilifrr il)ey Irauell alwayo in the night by reason of the heate of the dav : and about nine of tin I locke, the king sent for them, for there may no man come to liiui heftirc he be sent for, anii then they would liane caried their preoenl with them: but the Negro* told them, that \hc\ Thfi.r.fi ,„i,,t |,ce three times brought before him, before they might otter their gift; and when ilirv tli'.'mlnt' ui our cuuie lo him, he talked with them, and receiued them very friendly, and kept them about "■•"• halfe an houre, and then they departed, and alter that sent (or them auuine three times, and last of all, they brought him their present, which he receiued thankfully, nnd then caused a pot of wine of I'alme to be brought foortli, and made them drinke: and before they drlnko both here and in all the Countrey, they \se cerlainc ceremonies. i!.-i, cftcmo- First ihey bring foorth their pot of drinke, and then they make a hole in the iiroiim!, •iriia drinking. . ' rii'i- ■ i . I'li «• .. & put ..>i4 f . ^cl.rt lllc i-rti*. JH. Witt. Tovrton %. TRAFPtQUES. AND t>I9C0tmRIES. M9 okc one pound two brfore, and then thry net the pnt vpon ihr oamr, then thev take a litle thinf; made nf a f^norii, and with that thpy take nut ol the ••ame driiike. and put it vpnn the f^round in three pl.iren, an.l in diuew placeit they haue certaine bunthet of the piln of Palme tree* «et in the jjroiid be- fore ihem, and there they put in aomc drinke, doing great reuercnce in all place* to the name Palme tree*. All these ceremnniea flr-.t done, the king tookt a cup of gold, and they put him in wine, and hee drankc of it, and when he dranke, the people cried all with one voire, Ahaan, Abaan, with rerlaine other worda, like a* they cry commonly in Flander*. vpo the Twelfe night, The kinniiig drinkn: and when he had drtinke, flic 'hey gaue drinke to cuery one, and that done, the king liren-ed them to depart, and euery one that departcth from him bowcth 3 time* to- wards him, and waueih wi'h Doth handji together, an they bow, and then do depart. The king hath commonly sitting by nim 8 or 10 ancient men with gray beards. Thi't day wc tooke one pound and 10 ounceH of gold. The 24 day wc tooke 3 |i'«ind .,nd 7 ounce*. The 25 we tooke 3 ounce* and ^ quarters. The 2(i wc tooke 2 pound and 10 ounces. The 87 two pound and (iue ounces. The 28 loure pound, and then seeing that there was no more gold to be had, wc weiglied and went fonrth. The first d.iy of March we came to a towne called Mowrc, but we found no boats nor peo-irf Almadcs to vs from another fowiic, of whom we tooke two ounces and a halfe of gold: and they tolde vs that the Ncgros that dwrllcci at Mowre were gone to dwell at Ligoua. Liiom. The srrond day wo came thwart of the castle, and about two leagues ofT, and there saw all Thiy t«tutM. the liuc I'ortugall ships at anker, and this day by night wc fetched Shamma. The third day we had sight of one tall ship, of about two hundred lunnes, in the wt-ather nf vs, and within lessc then two leagues of our ships, and then wc saw two more a sfcrne of hcT, the one a ship of liue hundred or more, and the other a pinnesse : and these were a new licet at that present arriued out of Forlugall. Whereupon we wayed, and made shift shipi of Por- t(i double nut of the land, and then the winde comming to the Sc willfull Master ran in with the shore of purpose to lose vs, being oflended that I toldc hini of his owne folly. The 27 day we fell in sight of two small Islands, which lie by our reckoning sixe leagues Two imiii (iV ihc headland of Sierra Leona: and before we came in sight of the same Hands, we made J''^"''' ""^ *" • uur reckoning to be forty or thirty leagues at the least ofT thcin Therefore all they that sailc N«;t. this ff Mk 604 fc;.. Jo. \OYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, J»/. IVil. Towrson 3. ft '.J tvjSf vnJci «t.Kyf. thiglit of a .shippc in the weather of vs, which was a Frenchman of 1)0 tuiiiu-, wlio came with v.s as stoutly and as desperately as might be, and conmiing neerc vs periciucil that we had bene \ pon a lonn voyage, and iudgingvs to be wcake, as indeed we were, came ncerer \<, and liiought to haue laved vs aboord, & there slept vp sonie of \\\> men in arniniir, )ind ci'mnianded vs to strike saile : whereupon wc sent them some of our stulle, crosscbarrc-, and cliaine--hol, and arrowes, so thicke, that it made the vpper wi rke of tlieir shippc nj; al)oul their cares, aiid wc spoiled him with sll his men, and toare his shippe mi.scral)lv with our great ordinance, and then he began to fall a sterne of v.s, and to packe on his saili-s, .hhI getaway: and we seeing that, gaue him foure or (iiie good pieces more for his farcKcIl ; and thus we were rid of this French man, who did vs no harme at all. NVe h;ul aboord \s j I'rench man a Trumpelter, who being sicke, and lying in his bed, tooke his trumiat nci- withstaiuling, and "omided till he could souml no more, and so died. The 'is wc conferred together, and agreed to go into .Seucrne, and so to 15ri-toll, but the same night we had sight of the I.i/ard, and bv rc.ison of the winde, we were not able i dii\ib!e the lands end to go into Scuerne, but were forced to bearc in with the Lizard. The 2[i dav, about nine of the docke in the morning, we arriued safely in I'limmouih, and j)rai>ed God for our good arri'.iall. The third and last voyage of M. William Towrson to the coast of (iuinie, and the Castle de Mma, in the \eere I."j77. Tile lliirlielh d.iy of laiiuary, the \eere abouesavd, we de))nrli'd out of the sound of l'li!r,. mouih, with three ships, and a pinnissc, whereof the names are the.se : I The Minion .\dinirall of the fleet. ;2 i'he Chri-iophcr N'iceadmirall. 'J The Tvgcr. 4 A jjinne.sse called the \'nicorne: being all bound for the Canaries, and from thence. In tlie i.;ra( e of (lotl, to the coast of CJuinie, The ne\t day, being the last of this muneth, \^e met wi;h two hulks of Dant/ii k, the oiii' called the Kosc, a ship of fi with vs, and wc exaininei! euerv one tif them a|,'art, wli.it IVench mens gm tis they haJ i;, llu'ir shi|)pes, and thcv said tliev had noiu- : but l)\ the contrarieties of tiu'ir talcs, aiulin the Misjucion whicii wc gathcreii of their false chartar-partics, we peneiued th.it tliey li:iil I'Venih mens goods in them : we therefore caused one of them to feti h vp his bils tif lading antl because he denied that he hail an\, we sent ccrlaine with him, who caused him to t;'!' to the place wheic he had hid them, and bv the dillercnccs of his billcs of hiding, and lii> taike, we g.Ttliered, as befiTe, that thcv hail Frcnchmens gocds. W'hcrcupun wc c\ainini ! them sl:aii;litlv, arul (irst the I'ur-er of the Vnicorne, whii Ii was the smaller sliip|)e, t unfes-cl that ihey had two and thiirv tunnes and a hog-head of a I'rcin h mans. T'k ii we i \;nii!iicd the Mister in like < asp, and he it kntnvlcdgcd the same to be true. 'I'hen we examined ,i!s,i the Master of the grc:'l .ship, and he confcsscil tliat he had an Inimlred and eight .ind Iwcni;. ttUlIlCs J\I. Wn. Towrson 3. ey may be imith dc- althoiiph flify nmtp in that lUcy were boiiiiil t day died lolin Vmlcr- ^rcnrhnnn of ".)() timiic, rnig necre vs pcrciiiica * in deed we were, came c of l\is men in aniK.iir, our stufl'e, crns-Tb.im , rke of their sW\\)\)i- t:ii s shippe miNcr:il)lv wiih p.icke on his •iailc-, ;\iul more for his lariwrll ; \\. We l>:id aboonl \- j tookc bis triuiipit mi- ld so to Iki-toll. but iIh- Ic, we were not .iMc t 11 with the Lizard, cd safely in I'limmcu!'. t of (luinie, and li'.c lit of the sound of rliir- ese : ries, and from theim', 1h ^idks of Dant/iik. the oik died the Vniiorne, ol .ni ,I;\s M;\s«e, and tlie M;Mrr r the nii-t part witl>\*iiH'- ^, aixl I" >■>""'" •'""' '•l"'-'''^' ' mens n<"'ds they hail i;. lies of their tales, and !n :• per. eined that ihey li;ul IVlrh \p his bils of laihi':.. „, \sho ( aused him to .i"i' s'hilles of ladin;;, and hi' Wli.renpon we examniol hc smaller shipi)e, .■onle>.c> mans. Tlun we . vumiiuHl Then we i>\an'.inid a- ndred and ei-ht and i^i"';. liiniK> M. Wil. Towrson 3. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 505 tiinncs of the same French mans, and more thry would not confesse, but sayd that all the rest was laden by Peter Lewgues of Hamburg, to be deliiicred to one Henry Summer of Cam- phire, notwithstanding nil tlicir letters were directed to Hamburg, and written in Dutch with- out, and within in French. When they had confessed that they had thus muc'i French mens goods within their shippes, wc conferred together what was best to be done with them. William Cretton and Edward Selman were of the opinion, that it should be goo e^'^J' /. I ' I ■ I- I • 1 ' I I i , «« If axed in the further, tliai il the tune were prolonged one nioneth longer before they passed the Cape, time of the but a few men uould go the voyage. All these things considered, we all pau.sed, and de- "„|J"J'^j',^f termined at the last, that euery man should take out of the hulks so much as he could well be- stow for nece-isaries, and the next morning to conclude what should be further done with thcin. .So wc tin>ke out of them for vs foureteene tunnes and a halfe of wine, and one tunne we ])Ut into the pimie^sc. .More we looke out one hogshcid of Aquauitai:, .Sixe cakes of ro/.zcn. A small haiser for lies: and ccrteinc chcsnuts. The Christopher tooke out, Ten tunnes of wine, and one hogshead. A quantity of .Aipiaiiitac. Shall-lines. Chesnuts. Sixe double bases with their chambers. And their men broke vp the hulks chests, and tiioke out their compassi'», and running glasses, the sounding leade and line, and candles: .'iml last some of their beefe oner board, and spoiled them so much, that of very pity we gaue them a compas.se, a running glasse, a lead and a line, cerlaine bread and candles, and what apparel of theirs we could findc in their ship, we gaue them againc, and some money also of that which William Crompton tooke for the ransome of a poore Frenchman, who being their Pilot downe the Hiuer of Hordcux, they were not able to set him a .shore againc, by rea.son of the fouie weather. The Tygeralso tooke out of the smailcr hiilke sixe or scucn tunnes of wine, one hogshead of .\()uaiiii:e, and certcine ro/zeii, and two bases he tooke out of the great hulke. The first day of Febniarv in the morning we all came together againc sauiiig W. Crompton \tlio sent vs \v(jrd that he was contented to agree to that order which we should take. Now Edward Selman was of this opinion, that it w,is not best to let the ships depart, but put WL. II. 3 T men mm*. ' m mm Ml 'ii» m < J; i- .<-; , ■:"; I If 11 506 TwoF.ngl.ih Mart: hints l.ijjicii It) thr OtanJ Ciiiarv, The Spanish Wfft Indiin fleet uf nine- lecnf uJIr. Kio (kl Oru. VraaciiCittclin. VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS. M Will. Towrion 3 men into them to cary them into England, which thing neither we nor our Ma"(fcr would agree vnto, became we thought it not good to vnman our ships going outward, considering how dangerous the time was: so that in fine we agreed to let them depart, and giue them the rest of the wine which they had in their ships of the Frcnchmens for the fraight of that which we had taken, and for their ordinance, rozzen, aquauilx, chcsnuts, and other things which tho company had taken from them. So we recciiied a bill of their handc«, that they confessed how much Frcnchmens goods they had, and then we let them depart. The 10 day we reckoned ourselucs to be 2.) leagues from the Grand Canarie, and this day abont nine of the clocke our pinnesse brake her i udder, so that we were forced to towe her at the Sterne of the Minion, which we were able to doc, and yet kept company with the rest of our ships. About ricuen of the clocke this day we had slight of the Grand ('anarie. The II day when we came to the Hand we perceiucd that it was thclleof Teneril', Jt then indeed wee had sight of the Grand Canaric, which lieth I'i Icigucs to the Kastwards of Tenerif : and because the road of Tenerif is foulc ground, and nothing w.is tlicre to be gotten for the helping of our pinnesse, hauing tlie winde large, we agreed to gn with the Grand C'anarie. Tlic 12 day we came into the roade of the towiie of Canaric, which licth one league frdin the same towne. And after we had shot ofl'diuers pieces of ordinance to salute the fnwno and the castle, the gouernour and captaincs of the Hand sent to vs which were the capfaiiio-. of the ships, requiring vs to come a shore. And when we came to them tliev receiiied vt very frcndlv, fptl'ering vs their owne lennels to ride to the tow, e, .ind what other friendship they could shew vs: and we went to the towne with two Englisi Marchants wiiich lay there, and remained in their house that day. The second day following we came aboord to deliucr our ni.iichandise, and to get our pinnesse mended. The 14 day came into the road the Spanish fleet which was bound to the Kmperours Indie*, wliich were in number ninetcene saile, whereof sixe were ships of fourc hundred and fine hun- dred a piece, the rest were of two hundred, an hundred and lifty, and of an hinulrcd. When thev were come to an ancre they saluted vs with ordinance, and so we did them in like c.^c. And afterwards the Admirall (who was a knight) sent his pinnesse to desire me (o come !■ him; and when I came to him he receiiied me friendly, and was desirous to lieare somewh.ii of the stale of England and Flanders. And after he had made me a banquet, T departed ; and I being gone vnto the boat, hee caused one of his gentlemen to desire Francisco the I'ortiignll, which was inv inter|)reter, to require nic to fiirle my llagge, declaring that hee was Genenill of the Emperours fleet. Which thing (being come aboord) Francisco shewed me: and because I refused to fiirle it, and kept it foorth still, certainc of the soiiUiiers in the shi|)s shut diners harqucbiish shot about the ship, and ouer the flagge: and at the same time there came certcinc gentlemen aboord our shij) to see her; to whom I savd, that if they would not caiKP those their men to Icaue shooting, I would slioot the best ordinance I had thorow their sides. And wl U \ 508 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Will. TowrsonS. Thty itut'it fiiif tailp of the The fight. 1.1 jui. Perinnen. Wcimha. I'rrctow. I'gi JIlJ. The 23. day, after wc had taken as many teeth as we could get, about nine of the clocke we set saile to go towards the Mina. The 31 we came to Hanta, and made sale of certainc Manillios. The first Aprill we had sight of fuie saile of I'ortugals, wlicrevpon we set saile and went off to F?a to get the winde of them, which wee should haue had if the winde had kept his ordi- nary course, which is all the day at the Southwest, and Wcst-southwcst : hut this day with a flaw it kept all the day at the East, and East-southeast, so that the I'ortugals had the winde of vs, and came roome with the Tygcr and vs vntill night, and broujjhf thcmsi-lucs all saiicono, which sailed not so well as the rest, within shot of vs : then it fell calmc, and the wirule came vp to the Southwest, howbcit it was neere night, and the Christopher, by meancs of Iht boat, was about foure leagues to the leewards of vs. Wc tacked and ranne into the weather of the Admirall, and three more of his company, and when we were neere him we spake ti> him, but he would not answerc. Then we cast about and lay in the weather of him ; and (ast- ing about he shot at vs, and then wee shot at him, and shot him foure or line times ihomw. They shot diuers times thcrow our sailes, but hurt no man. The Tyger and the j)innes-ic, because it was night, kept out their sailes, & would not meddle with them. Alter we liad thus fought together 2 houres or more, and would not lay him aboord because it wa^ niglit, we left shooting one at the other, and kept still the weather of them. Then the Tyger and the pinnesse kept about and came to vs, and altcrwarde being leerc the shore, wc three kept about and lay to the sea, and shot olTa piece to giue warning to the Christopher. This night about 12 of the clocke, being very litle winde, and the .Master of the Tvfjcr asleepc, by the ill worke of his men the ship fel aboord of vs, and with her sheare-honks mt our maine saile, and her boat being betwixt vs was broken and suncke, with certaino m.ir- chandise in her, and the siiips wales were broken with her outleger : yet in the ende we clear- ed her without any more hurt, but she was in hazzard to be broken downe to the water. The second day wc had sight of the Christopher, and were neere vnto her, so that I tudke our boat and went to her. And when 1 came thither, they siiewed me, that after the I'driu- gals had left vs, they went all roome with him, and about Iwelue a cloeke at night met l.i;ii, and shot at him, and hee at them, and they sliot him thorow the sailes in diners places, and did no other great hurt. .\nil when wc had \nderstoiid that they ii.id bene with him as \sell as with vs, we agreed altogether to seeke them (if wee might lindo them) and keepe a wcj- ther our places of tiaflique. The third day we ran all day to the .Southwc>twards to seeke the I'ortugals, but could haue no sight of them, and hailed into the shore. The fourth day, when we had sight of land, we found that the currant had set vs iliirty leagues to the Eastwards of our reckoning, which we wnondered af for the first land we made was Lagua. Then I caused nur boat to he manned, and the Christophers also, and went to the shore and tookc our Negro with vs. Ami mi shore we learned that there were liiure French ships \pon the coast ; one at I'erinnen, which is six leagues to the Westwanl ol" Li- guoa : another at Weamba, which is Inure lea. lies to the Estward of I.;igiioa ; a third at I'e- recow, which is foure leagues Id tlie I'^a^lward of Weamba : and the fourth at Egrand, wliidi is foure leagues to the Eastward of Perecow. When we had intelligeiu e (d" these ncwes we agreed to to to the l^astwards with the I'rciuli men to put them from their tralli(iue, and shot oil' two or three pieces in our boats to caiin- the ships to way : and hauing bene about one houre vnder .saile, we had sight of one (d'.lie French men vnder saile, hailing oil' from Weamba to whomc we gaue chase, and agreed in the night for feare of ouershootin;; them, that the .Minion should (irsi come to ancrc, and after tiiiit about three houres, the Tyger and the Christopher to bearc along all night. The ."> c(l, we soide Fr»'iuh cloih, and gaue but liirce yards thereof to cuerv full'e. The ■") day the Negros departed, and told vs tlity would come to \s againe within foure (laves, which we iletermined there lo tary, although we had diucrs of our men sicke. 'liic 8 dav, all 'uir cloth in the Minion l)eing sold, I called the companv together, to know whether they would tary the .-ale of the cloth taken in the prise at this |)Iace or no : they an- swered, that in re>pect of the death of some of their men, and tlie present sicknesse of iwen- lie more, they would nut tary, \)ut repaire to the other shi(is, of wliom they h.id heard nothing since the 27 of April : and yet they had our pinnesse with them, onely to cary newcs from one to another. The'J day wc determined to depart hence to our fellowes, to see what they had done, and to attempt what was to be done at the towne uf Don John. The The Engliih boord the rrcncbmcn. Fifiy pound of golde taken in the Trcnth priie. Btnii Our men die c.t" iickiie!5e. SiAii... «i jin VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, M. W. Towrson 3. ^i^tf'f ¥'^ \ ,^"^ If l> '/ :.. » fItflliK 'llv v.. .*>.„-. I ^ V M(i»r«. Comistin- Net'..!. The 10 (lay in the morning wc sat saile to sccke the Christopher and the Tyger. The II day the Captainc of the Christopher came to vs, and told vn that they could findc small doings at the places were they had bene. The 12 William Crompton and Tin our small pinnesse went to the Tyger and the Chrisito. phcr at Perenine. The 13 wc sent away the Tyger to Egrand, because we found nothing to doe at Perenine, worth the taryiiig for. The 14 our great pinnesse came to vs, and presently wc put cloth into her, and sent her barke to Weamba, where she had bene before, and had taken there ten pound of golde. The 15 the Minion came to vs, and the next day we went a shore with our boats, and fookc but one ounce of golde. The I'J day hauing set saile we came to an ancre before Mowrc, and there we tarried two dr'.yes, but tooke not an ounce of golde. The 21 we came to an ancre before Don lohns towne. Tlic 22 we manni?d our boats and went to shore, but the Negros would not come at vs; then the Captaine of the Christopher and I looke a skiflTe and eight men with vs, and went and talked with the Kcgros, and they sayd that they would send a man to the great towne, where Don lohn himsclfc lav, to aduertisc him of our commini^. The 23 we went ashore againc, and the Ncgms toldc vs that this day the marchantsof Dor, lohn would come downe: so wc tarrierd, I Idui.il our pinnesse <-ome from Cormatin, which had taken there two pound iv (iue ounces of jrnlde Then after much ado with the Iroward Mariners, we weni thitherwards with our ship, and the Christopher went to Mowre, The 2,T day the Master of the Christopher sent his boat to the shore for h.nla.st, and liio Ni - gros would haue beaten the com|)nnv Ironi the shore, whereupon the <<>nip,iMv resisted iliem and slew and hurt diuers <]f them, and liauing put them to flight, burned their li>wlie, n;.il brake all their boats. The 'if) (la\ our ))innesse ( nnir to \s from Cormatin, and had taken two pound iv eieiieii ounces of golde: and lolin Shirilc lolrle vs that the Negroji of that place were very (!c»irou~ to liauc a ship come backe a^jaine to their towne. The 11 we waved and went to Cormatin. 'i'lie 'is the Christopher rame to vs fnmi M"wre, and iraHiqued there two daves. The second day of tune the 'fvgerranie to vs from Mgraiid, and the pinnesse from Wcainl ;i. and they two had taken about filtv poun uld not fetch so farre to the weatherward as we, and therefore they ancrcd about a ieag . weather The castle, and we waied in the Christopher, and went roomc with her. The 12 day the Tvger came roome with vs, and she and the Christopher finding them- sclucs to stand in great need of victuals, would haue gone with the Portugals ships to haue fetched some of them forth: hut our master and company would in no case consent to goe with them, for fearc of hanging when we came home: and the other two ships being fully minded to haue gone, and fearing that their ownc company would accuse them, durst not go to them. Alter thij, l)v reason of the want of victuals in the pinnesse, which could receiue no victu- als from tiic otluT sliippcs, Init from vs oncly, we tooke out all our men, and put twelue I'rcnchmen into her, and gaue them victuals to bring them to Shamma, The 1?» clay the Tyger and Minion arriued at Shamma, and the Christopher within two leagues off them, but could not fetch the windc by reason of the scantnesse of the winde, which hall) l)pnes(>>,iant, that in (iftccne daycswchauc plied to the windewards but twelue leagues, which before we did in one day and a night. The'iO day I tooke our pinnesse, and went to the towne of Shamma to speake with the cap- t:iinr, and he toKIc me that there was no golde there to be had, nor so much as a hen to be l)oii;;hi, and all by reason of the accord which he had made with the Portugals, and I seeing that (li']>artcd i)oacealily from him. The '21 I put such things as we had into our small pinnesse, and tooke one marchant of our ship, and another of the Tyger, and sent her to Ilanta, to attempt, if she could doe any ihing there. That night thev could doe nothing but were promised to haue golde the next (lay. The next 1' ira 1 li.,i'» ■:*Ia V' JpJl llP'fflf ' Si. ^, Theme lUnd. The dewriplion rf the lie of 3. Thome. The Hind of ^mIi. 'I ii^ freii incon- ii*ni«-iice Ity Ijtc htiyins vpon the C'Witof Ciuinic, when vie pcrcciiicd our welucs so abufwd, we agreed to cast about againe, and to lie m nccrc the windf as we rould, to fetch the line. The seucnth of Inly we had sight of the He of S. Thome, and thought to haue sought the road to haue ancred there : but the next morning the winde came about, and we kept our roursc. The ninth, the winde varying, we kept about againe, and fell with the Hand of S. Thome, and necking the road, were brralmcd neere the Hand, and with the currant were put necrc the shore, but could haue no ground to ancrc: so that we were forced to hoise out our pin- nesse, and the other •(hips their skiffs to towe from the Hand, which did litle good, but in ihc cnde the winde put vs three lra^;ues off the shore. The tenth dnv the Christoplicr and tiie Tyger cast about, whereby we iudgcd them to haue agreed together, to goe seeke some ships in the road, and to leaue vs : our men were not willins; (n gnc after them, for fcare of running in with the Hand againe, and of putting our sehics into the same danger that we were in the night before : but we shot otl' a piece, nnd put out two lights, and they answered vs with lights againe: whereupon we kept our coiirvr, nnd thought tlint they had followed vs, but in the morning we could not see them, so that thev left vs willingly, and we delcrniined to follow them no more. But the cicuenth ibv we altered our opinion and course, and consented to cast about againe for the Hand, toscckc our ship-i; and aliout foure of the dorke in the afternoone we met with them. The 13 we fell againe with the Hand of S. Thome; and the same night we found our scluts directly vnder the line. This Hand is a very high Hand, and being vpon the West side of it, you shall sec a very liii;li pike, which is very small, and streight, as it were the steeple of a church, which pike licil) directly viuler the line, and at the same South end of the Hand to the Westward thereof licih a small Hand, about a mile from the great Hand. The tiiird of .\ugust we departed frO tlie He of S. Thome, & met the winde at the Soulli- west. The I'i dav we were in the height of ("ape venle. The 'iy day we fell with one of the Hes of Cape verde, called the He of Salt, aiul l)ciii<; iii- forincd by a .Scolish man that we tooke among the Frenchmen vpon the co.i!.i, that there \\cri' fre-h victuals to be had, we came to an ancrc there. The'i,'} dav in the morning we manned our skitfe, and went a shore, and found no house*, but we saw fourc men, which kept thcmayed, andscf saile. Vpon the same Hand we left the Scotish man, which was the occasion of our going aland at that place, but how he was left we could not tell: but, as y,e iudged, the pco|)lc of the Hand found him sleeping, and so caried him away : for at uinhi I went mv sclfe to the Hand to seeke him, but could hear nothing of him. The "il day the Master of the Tyger came aboord vs, & tolde vs that his nu-ii were so wcnki', and the ship|)e so leake, that he was not able to keepe her aboue the water, and ihcrcfuri' rccpiested vs to go backe againe to the Hand, that we might discharge her, and giiie her \\y. but we intreated him to take paine with her awhile, and we put a French Carpenter into lur, to see if he could findc the leake. This day we tooke a view of all our men, both those ih.n were hole, and the sickc also, and we found that in all the three ships, were not aboue thiriv sound men. The y.J we had sight of the He of S. Nicholas, and the day following, of the other lies, ,S. I.ucia, .S. Vincent, and S. Anthony ; which foure Hes lie the one from the other Northwest and liv West, Southeast and by Fast. The yt) we came againe with the Hand of S. Anthony, and could not double the Cajic. Thi> day Philip lones, the Master of the Christopher, came aboord vs, wiio had beene aboonl the Tvner, M. Wit- Towrion 3. (, and to lie as nccrc It to haue sought the It, and wc kept our lie Hand of S. Thome, rant were put necrc to hoisc out our pin- l lillc good, but in the • Judged them to haue kH : our men were iu)t ,c, and of pultiiin mir . shot off a picf*". ""'I on wc kept our awrso, not see them, so llui But the clcuculh iliy ,. lor the Hand, to scckc ;h them, ght we found our mUiin you shall see a vers l«i.:'i hurch. which \)ikf licil. e Westward thereof licih the windc at the Soiuh- llc of S;ilt, and beiiii; in- the cu.iM, that ihiTiMMTo ore, and found iio h.xiscs as for cattell wc (miW \vc could not tAc nlxnic ,n a small Hand wind. 1..; It she could lary "<> 1""?"' ,„tish man, which vsa-itho ■ouldnot tell: hut. a'* v^' him away : for at niiiln I f him. that his men were Ml wraU, the water, and therefor,- rneher, and }:iue hcrvp'. French Carpenter nUo lur, 1 our men. both those i''" l,ips, were not alxuie thiriy .,„i„p, of the other 1U-, S. from the other Norihwot I not double the Cai"-' ■'■';'' who had beenc abo.-nl ilu- ■lv;;ir, M. Wa, Towrion S. TRAFFrQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 518 Th«Ty-saiIcs, and vent our course with England. At the time when the Christopher left vs, we were within 130 leagues of England, and 45 leagues Northwest and by West from Cape Finister: and at the same time in our ships we had not abotie -ixe Mariners and sixe Marchants in health, which was but a weake company for such a ship to scckc a forren harbour. The 16 day, about sixe of the clocke at night, wc met with a great stormc at the West- noiith-west, & West, and our men being weake, and not able to handle our sailes, we lost E«reime weal- Ihe same night our mainc saile, foresaile, and spreeisaile, & were forced to lie a hulling, "'j"^"'""' vnlill the eighteenth day, and then wc made rcidy an olde course of a foresaile, and put it III the yard, and therewith finding our selucs far shot into the sleeue, wc bare with our owne rna«t ; but that foresaile continued not aboue two hourcs, before it was blowen from the yard with a freal, and then we were forced to lie a hull againe, vntil the nineteenth day of October in the morning, and then we put an olde bonnet to our foreyard, which, by the good blessing iind prouidence of Gtnl, brought vs to the He of Wight, where we arriued the 20 of October in the afiernoone. The commodities and wares that arc most desired in Guinie, betwixt Sierra Liona and the furthest place of the Mine. M.Anils of brasse, and some of leade. Basons of diners sorts, but the most lattin. Puts of course tinne, of a quart and more. VOL. II, 3 U Some (!' I f*. ^^ 'I I Hi:. 1( \ mi m VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, M. John Lok. I \ h H< h t'V \\ ■\ m k Thf Fnjiiih mjrchanti in- Ifnd to fntllfif in (Itiinrj* in !hi kinf; of H«» I hiin. cuuniry. loWlllg Some wedges of yron. MargarilcH, and certaine other tieight beadK. Some blew Corall. Some hone tailed. Linncn cloth principally. Biixoni* of Flanden. Some red cloth of low price, and «ome kernic. Kettles of Dutch-land with brascn handles. Some great bra.>iHc Iwftoiis gruued, such m in Flanders they set vpon their cupboord*. Some great basons of pewter, and ewers gmuen. Some laiiers. such as be for water. Great kniues of a low price. .Sleight Flanders-caskets. Chests of Koan of a lowe price, or any other chests. Great pinncs. Counfc French couerings. Packing sheets good store. Swords, daggers, frisc mantels, and gownes, clokes, hats, red caps, .Spani.'.li hlan- kets, axe heads, hammers, sliort pieces of yron, sleight belles, gloues of a lovsc price, leather bags, and what other trilles you will. Certaine Articles ddiuered to M. lohn Lok, by Sir William Gerard Knight, M.Wil- liam Winter, M. Reniamin (ionson, M. Anthony Hickman, and M. Edward Castclin the 8 ofSeplombcr 15GI, touching a voyage to Guinea. A remembrance for you M. Lok .nt your comming to the coast of Guinie. First, when God shal send you thither, to procure, as \ ou passe alongst the coast, to vn- derstand what riuers, hnuens, or harboroughs there br; and to make your sclf'e a plat therr' I', setting those places which you sh.ill tliinkc inatciiall in yr.ur sayd plat, with their true cluii- tions. Also you shall learnc what commodities doe belong to the places where you shall tmuh, and what may be gotxl for them. It is thought go(Kl, iliat hauiiig a fort vpon the coast of Mina in the king of Ilabaans rciiin- try, it would serue to great purpose: wlicrfore vou are especially sent lo consider wlierf ilu' fort might be best placed, and vpon wliai ground : wherein are to be noted these thiii<'^ lul- Thf king rf Habnn. 1. That the ground so serue, that it ioync to the sea on the one part, so as shippes .iml boats may come to lade and vnlade. 2. What molde of earth the ground is of li. What timber or wood may be had, and how it will be caried. 4. What prouision of victuals may he had in the countrey: and what kindc of our virtiLili will best Rcrue to continue. It. The place must be naturally strong, or such as may be made strong with a small charijr, .'ukI afterwards kept with a few men, f). How water may be prouidcd, if there be none to be had in the ground where llic fort shall stand, or neerc to it. 7. What helj)c is to be had fr.im the people of the country, either for the building of ii.nr for the defence thereof Til mooue the king of Ilaban a farre off, for the making rif a fort, and to note how lie \m!1 like it ; but vsc your (-ommiinicaticm so, that although there mi>;ht fall out ;;o(kI ( aii.'.c I. r the doing of it, vet he do not vnderstand vour meaning. .Scan h the countrey so farre as vou may, botli alongst the coast, and into the land. To Icariie what became of the inarcliants that were left at Benin. Tlie tL \r' Af. John Lok. M. lohn Lok. TRAFFFQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. ftlft vpon their cupboord*. ait or Guinie. wlurc you shall imnK part, !to an shippcrt and and into the land. The matters whirh shall be of importance to be noted we nothing dnubt that you will omit, wherefore werofcrre the order of these aflliircs to your good discretion. ANo we pray you as occasion shall seme that you ayd and hcipe our factouri), both with your counsel! and otherwise ; and thus God send you safely to rcturne. William Gerrard, William Winter, Beniamin Gonson, Anthony Hickman, Edward Custelin. A letter of M. lohn I,ok to the worshipfull company of Marchants aducnturers for Giiinle, written l.jfti, shewing reasons for his not proceeding in a voyage then intended to the foresayd rountrey. WOrshipfull sirs ; since the nrriiiall of M. Pet and DiittoU Monioy (as I vnderstand) for the voyage it U roncluded that the Minion shall proceed on her voyage, if within 20 daycs she may be repaired of those hurts she hath recemed by the last storme : or in the moneth of lanuary also, if the wind wilscruc therforc. Wherefore for that your worships shall not be ignorant of my determined purpose in the same, with the reasons that haue perswaded mc thereunto; I haue thought good to aduertise you- thereof, trusting that your worships will weigh them, as I vprightly and plainly meane them. And not for any fearc or discourage- ment that I haue of my sclfe by the raiding of the stnrmes of the sea, for that (I thanke the Loni) these haue not becne the (irst thiit I haue abidcn, neither trust I they shulbe the last. First the si.ite of the ship, in which, though I ihinke not but \f. Pet can do more for her strengthening then I eat) conceiuc, yet for all that, it will neither mend her conditions, nor yet make her so stanch that any cabin in hershalbe stanch for men to lie drie in : the which sore, what a weakening it will be to the poore men after their labour, that they neither can haue a shift of ,ipparell drie, nor yet a drie place to rest in, I referre to your discretion. For though that at Harwich she was both bound and caulked as much as might be, both within and without, yet for all that she left not, afore tiiis (law, in other weathers, being stressed, to open those seatnes, ami becotne in the state she was before ; I tneatie, in wetting her men : not- wiihstattdiiig her new worke. And my iudgement, with that little experience I haue had, Icadelh inc to thitike that the ship whose waterworks and footings be spent and rotten can- not be but leakc lor nicti. Next, the vnsca-ionable time of the yere which is now present. Atid how onely by tneaiics of the \ nseasonable times in the returnc front the voyage home, many thereby h:iue decayed, to t!ie great misery and calamity of the rest, and also to the i;rcal slander of the \ o\ age { \\ hich I much respect ) the last and other vovages haue declared. .\ti(l what it is to make the voyage in vnscasonable lime, that hath the second voyage also (lerlared. Wherefore weyiiig and foreseeing this (as I mav wel terme it) calamity and vn- ciiitable dauncr of men, and tliat by meti she must be brought home againe (except that God will shew ati cxtiaorirmary miracle) I purpose tiot nor dare I venture with a safe cotiscience It) tempt God herein. Againe, Ibrsomuch as she is alone, anil hath so little hclpe of boat or piiinesse in her ii-.ule, iV .ilso for her watering, where a long lime of force must be spent, my gdiiig, toihe.icioinplishinent of your expectations, will be to small effect for this time, because I shall want both vosell and men to accomplish it. .And I would not gladly so spend my li^nc an; (iol keepe \ our worahipa ail. Rristloll tliit 11 of Deremher l.'iAI. Your wonthip^ to eomand to l\i>t power, lolin Lok. The relation of one William Hutler to Nf. Anthony Ilii kman \m mauler touching a Miyage set out to Guinea in the yeere l.'itJ'i, by Sir William Gerard, Sir William Chester, M. Thoman L(Hl;;e, the aayd Anions Hickman, and F.dward CaNteliii, which voyage in also written in verse by Hobcrt Kaker. WOrHhipfull HIT, my duly remembreil, thi'4 nhalbe to declare vnto you ihc diacounc of iIin our voyage, since our departure out of England from Darlmoulh ; at which time I gaur \c>ii to vndenslaiid of our departure, which was the lii.'i of February 1602. Then hauing a pro.- peroii!) windc wr departed from thence, and sailf«l on our voyage vntill we arriiied at ('.ii;n Ctaiiilii"j of the Negroes that he had bene there three dayen before our romming : so we conrludtil together, that if he sent his pinnessc to traflike, we would not iiutllrr him, vntill we had i;ikfii further order with iheir capiaine Hi man lianls. In the aflcrnoone the pinnease came into the riuer, whose men we willed to make no trallike \ntill we had talked further with their )'.i|)- lainc, whom wc willed that night to come aboord our adinirall ; whii h was done. At whiih ThiMiiiMD. aayd time M. liurton and lohn .Munt went aboord the Minion where the Fren'hmcn were, & there concluded that they should t.irv by vs eight dayes, :im(I sutler vh (piicilv tu Iraffikc, wherewith ihev were not well pleased. Whcrevpon the next ninrning thcv (lc|i;iric.| from vs, sailing alongst the co.xst to the I'iaslward towards I'litis, which he did to hinder out traflike that way : wherefore the niarchants of the Minion & we concluded (forasmuch :h nt that present wc vnderstoot of l'oti«, In ^"''''''""' whom we naiwed, & arriued at Hio de I'otia the I'i of April, where we remained in traflikf RioiieS.Anirt. vntill thc I ."» of the sayd moneih, and then departed from ihciue along the coast toward S;irii Andre, where wc appointed by agreement to lary for the Minion : and the 17 at iiii;ht wr came to thc riuer of S. Andre; in which very day the Minion came vnto vs, tfljini: vs ih.si Ciuodurilmii. they met at cauo das Palma.s a great ship and a ( ariiell of the king of Portugals boiiiil to llio .Mina, who gauc chase vnto them, and shot Ireelv at them, and the Minion in h air-inr .iito v*, thf v (. ther beini> verv caliuc, they nhot at vs and hit vs J times, and shodi ; afici l\ o \ri>i\ ccti' t Udui the shore, at wlijch instant we descried the ship, & the carauell comfoini; ii< »'aril< v. then we weighed and sel saile, and bare as neerc vnto them jus we could: but 'f.v.is ni;;(hi'urcuer wcemet 'Vjih them, and the nijjht being verydarkewe lost them. The i'P\i .•!, a-ni foiiuhl with her the mcjsl p,irl of ihe forcnoonr : iv* >it t'.t ^i;;it fl rr,i kIi.Dicc liru>>ieU ir' the Minions stewanl-rooinc l>y means of a bnrrcll <■: ; .\i\>r, tit whii-h I'nc they wcr.' (.ore dJM'omlitcd. Whereupon we ileuised what was best to be done: iwid ;)ec.:us» wee klit'.v that the Negros neillicr would nor durxt trahike so long as fh./ paiiis <.eiv on 'he loasl ; it was therefore agreed thai we nhniild prepare our selii'-s to liepau to F{j(/ !'.!>' di- Scsi.i, wiu;r<; '"'"''''''" wearriued the 'I of lune, and ihc 4 '"ec departed from Hio dc Se>to, and ariiii,*, ((Jol bci rVJ •>",■«... thanked) the ('» of Ai/gu'-t wiili'n t*ight vl' the Slert in the West part of Engi,H' ^erv -sor^' li u' iind sicke I/.a-lrr Hiirlon halh bene sicke this ii weekes, and at ihi presriil ',Ciod strrn.';li)'-'n him) is so '.v.'al.e that I fearc he will hanlly escape. Herein iiu'osed voiii \\' i-sh"p shrill recciiie a briel'e ol'all the goods sold by vs, ft also what comnwHlilies we h;niP veer- ui| tVv il :■ .jaine. Thus 1 'eaiie to trouble your worship, rescruing all thini;s els to cur 'Si'iierall i/iceJiri',. and to the Iirinner hereof. From aboord the l'riinero>(' the ('!" A':g■^^, l.')();j. Your obedient seruant William Kulter. There are brmigl.t noir! ihh voiagc An. l.^M. F.Ie[ihnnts teeth 106. weighing I7I>1^ pounds. Graincs ^^'i buts full. The I •.■■\ m :.is VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Robert Baker. I. in 11 .» I' KUi,"' Jk •6 I , 'Uf 'i;i. -li I'^t >f-f, i 1 1 Tin God of ■Pir Moone. The first voyage of Robert Baker to Guinic, with the Minion, and I'rimrosc, set out in October, 1562. by Sir William Garrard, Sir William Chester, M. Thomas Lodge, Anthony Hickman, & Edward Castclin. AS men whose heads be fraught with rare, haue seldom rest: (For through the head the body strait with sorowes is opprcst : ) So I that late on bed lay wake, for that the watch Pursued mine eye, and causdc my hed no slecpc at all to ratch: To thinkc vpon my chaunce which hath me now betide, To lie a prisoner here in France, lor raunsome where I bide: And feeling still such thoughts so ihicke in he.id to runne. As in the sommer day the moats doe fall into the Sunne, To w.iike then vp I rose, fansie to put to flight: And thus a while I doe purpose to passe away the night. Morpheus I pcrceiu'd hail small regardr of me, Thcr?fore 1 should be but deceiu'd on bed longer to lie. And tiuis without delav rising as voide of sleepr, I horned (\vnthia sawe sircight wav in at my grate to peepe: Who passing on her way, eke knowing well my case. How I ill darke dungeon there lay alwayes looking for grace: To me then walking tho in (iarke withoulen light, Walking and watching eftc least any boate or ship At any time, while we had slept perhaps by vs might slip. And strcight with ardent fire my hc.nd inflameth shee. Eke me inspires with whole desire to put in memorie, Those dainigers I haue bid and I^berinth that I Haue past without the clue of threcdc, eke harder ieopardie. I then gin take in hand straight way to put in rime. Such traucll, as in Ginnie landc I haue p.xst in my time. Hut hailing writte a while I fall faint bv the way, And eke at night I lothe that stile which I haue writte that day. And thinke my doings then vnwortliy sure, to be Set forth in print before all men, for eiierv one to see. Kke with dispaire ihereforc mv pen I cast awav. And (lid intcnde this ncucr more hereafter to .is^av. My fellow prisoner then sir lidward (Jages sonne Willes me to take againe my pen and ende that I begonne. By this our friends (savth he) shall riglit well vnderstande •lir rUiiil Gjf^t, •■I iir, Cinirf Oagf . She wipie her face, and siraiglil did show And kiiowe the great trauols that wc the best coiintnance she might: Astonneth eke my head and senses for a spare, .\iid olde fansics a\va\ now (led she piiitelh new in place. Then leaning in mv grate wherein full briglit she shinde, .■\nd viewing her thus on her gate slic iiiazcth sireiglil my ininde: .\n(l makes me thinke anon liow off in (liiinie lande She W.1S my friend, when I haue gone all night vpon the .sande, haue past in Heathen lande. Take pen therefore againe in hande, I you recpiire. And ihinke (sailh he) thereof no paine to graunf this my desire. Then once .againe my hed my hand a worke doth setle: But lirst 1 fall vpon my bed and there deepe sighes I fetle, To see that this lo taske is giiicii me silly wight: And of .Miiieriia hcipe I askc that she mc teach aright. Hcipe Robert Baker. I. Robert Baker. 1. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 619 Tlic wjrre at Ve*c haurn. IIclpc now without delay, hcipe, hcipe, yo Muses nine, O CIco, and Calliope, shrwe me how to define In coiidi^ne stile and phrase cchc thing in euery line. To you I giuc loc all the praise the trnucll only mine. Giuc care then ye that long to know of my estate. Which am in France in prison strong as I wrote hoir" of late: Against all lawr or right as I dot* tliinkc in dccde, Siih that the warrc is ended quite, and pease is well agreed. Yet least pcrchaum c you might much marueli, how that I Into a Frcnchmans powre should light in prison here to lie: Giue nowc attcniiue heede, a straunge tale gin I tell. How I this yeare h.iiic bene bestcede, scaping the gates of hell. More liardc I ihinkc truly, in more daungcr of life, Than olde Orpheus did when he through hell did seekc his wife. Whose niusike so did soundc in plcn'*:iiit play of string, That Cerberiis that hellish hounde (who ;is the Poets sing Waning three huge heads great, which duo ( oMiiniially Still breath out firy (lames of heate most hnrrible to see) Did !.'iue him leaue to passe in at the gates of Hell: Of whi VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Robert Baker. I. m^ And sitting in a trough, a boate made of a logge. The very same wherein you know we vse to serue a hogge, Aloofc he slaide at first, put water to his cheeke, A signe that he would not vs trust vnlesse we did the like. That signe we did likewise, to put him out of feare. And shewd him much brauc marchandise to make him come vs ncare. The wilde man then did come, by signe' riowe crieth the fiend Of thiisc gay things to giue him some and I should be his friend. I traflikt there thit time for such things as they had, At night to ship I caried him, where I with clothes him clad, Yea, made him there good cheere, and he by signcs aguine Tolde vs that he would fraight vs then after a day or twaine. And ccnc thus as we were in (alke, looking about. Our boate he Hawe with wares that there was tied at stcrne without: Which boate he viewing still, as then well stuft with ware. We thinking he had meiit no ill, had thereof little care. Aiul the next mornc, agaiiic wc caried him a shore, Eke barircd there that day with them as we had done before. But when Pha'bus began somewhat for to draw ncare To Icariw his Court, the sonnc of Dedalus most dearc, (Whose chauiue it is to dwell aniiiis the Ocean flood, Hi'i-ause that he obseru'd not well his fathtrs counsell good) Wc then with saile and ore to ship began to hie. That we might fetch aboorde, before the day had lost his eye. To ship wc come at last which rid foure leagues from shore Hefrcsht vs alter Irauaile past, taken that day before. Then, as it was our guise, our boate at stcrne we tie. Eke therein leaue our marchandise, as they were wont to be. With troughes then two or three this Captaine comes by night Aboord our boate, where he with wares himselfe now fraighteth ^uight. The watch nowe hearing this, the boate they hal'd vp fast: But gone was all the ntarchandise, and they escapte and past. The next morne then by day againe we went to shore. Amends to haue for that which they had stolne the night before. But all in vaine was it, our signes were now too bad, They would not vndenitand a whit of any thing they had. But as though they had wrong for to reuengcd be. As we row'd downe the streame along after comes hee and hee. A hundred boats come fro the stcremost towne I say, At least meets vs as many mo before, to make vs stay. In euery boat two men, and great !■ ig targets twaine: Most of their darts had long strings then to picke and pull againe. Now gunners to your charge, giue fier all arow, Ech slaue for feare forsakes his barge, and ducks in water low. We downe the streame amaine do row to get the sea. They ouertake vs soone againe, and let vs of our wav. Then did the slaues draw neere, \«ith dart and target thicke. With diuelish fixed eyes they peere \>l)ere they their darts may sticke. Now Mariners do push with right good will the pike. The haileshut of the harqucbush the naked slaue doth strike. Through targe and body right that downe he falleth dead His fellow then in heauie plight, doth swimrae away afraid. The theft tf ihe Neiroei. A coiiflltt I,,. tweene the Nf. grot it gui mri,. To Robert Baker, 1. Robert Baker. 1. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 531 To bathe in brutish bloud, then flecth the graygoose wing, The halbcrders at liaiid be good, and hew that all doth ring. Yet gunner play thy part, make haiicshol walkc af^ainf . And feliiiwes row with like gooi. heart that we may uct the maiiie. Our arrowest all now >ij)ciif, the Negros gan ap;)ri)ch : But pikes in hand already Iient the blarke beast f.ist doth broch. Their captaiiu' ix'ing wood, a villaine long and lariie, With pois'iied dart in hand doth >a\ truly I neuer read that he paid for his passage there. Who ])ast and repast for to see if that liis wife there vere. Nor yet that he paid ou<^!;t, or any bribe there gaue To any office, while he sought his wife againe to haue. Whereby I surely ges.se these men with whom that wc llaue had to do, are fiends more fierce then those in hell that be. Silt of our nieii wounded. «*.s (I i... i \UI.. II. :t X Well .122 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Robert Baker, I. Well wc now scaping thus the danger I hauc tolde, Aboord we come, where lew of vs could stand now being coldc. Onr wounds now being drest, to meat went they that Hat, But 1 desired rather rest, for this in minde I wist. That if I might get once a sleepe that were full sound, I should not feclc my weary boncs nor yet my smarting wound. And lying long aloft \pon my bed in jiaiiie, Vnto Morpheus call'd I oft that he would not disdainc To heare me then poorc wight, but sende me helpc with speed That I might haue good rest this night of which I had great need. Me thought then by and by, there hung a heauie waiglit, At ech eye lid, which clos'd mine eve and eke my htad was fniight. And being strcight a sicepc, I fell into a swe.uicn. That of my wound I looke no kccjii- I dreamVI I was in licaiK-ii. Where as me ihougiit I see gcd M.irs in airiior luight, His arming swoid naked lioldcs he in hand, rc;id\ to liglit. Castor and Foihi\ there all ((iMiplet stand him by, Lca»t if tli:ii Mars conuincetl were llicN iniijlit rcuciiged be. Then ( amc m.irchin.; along the j.Tcat blackc smith Vulcan, }l;niiiig a stalle of yron strong, and ilnis at ia-t began : O Mars, thou Gi-d of might, \shat is the c.aise that thou Hast thalc'ig'd me with tliec to figlil ? jo pri"sT ihis time presently, Bill if at any lime these men chaiK'e tliere againe, Doe .istlioii list, the charge is thine 1 will not meddle then. I know Wm I, Robert Baker. 1. nd Mtid Robert nakcr. 2. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 523 I know tlicin well (witi he) iIknc HUM) need not loseckc, Tlicy liniu" so fruit'iill a countrcy that there is iniiic the like. But if tliey <';i i not lie thercwitli content, but still Will seekc for jjolde so couctoush wcrke tlun with them thy will. And then with str:iij;ht iloth .send .1 pursiiiicn.t in ]>ost, Conduct safe to that coast which Albion was hight. And that no storines do them withstand l)y (lay or eke by night. I sleeping all this space, as it were in a trance, The noise of them that hal'd apace did waken me by chance. Then looking out to know what windc did blow in likie, lis coast igamc ey light. lercat, e c oft" he, commands )urc. nde ; thee. To whom (saith he) sec that thou wend The maistcr straight came to me tho Onr »hi|'l»f. vnin llic windie coast. To K(>hi>, the kill}; ciimmand !;iin ihiis from me, That he sir;iii;ht way witiunit Jingriiig do set .It lilieiiie, His seruant Zephiius, whi( li now i^ lockt so low, l'!ke that he do command him ihiis, tli:ii he str.iight way do go To Vulciiis coast ill hast, aslu|) where he shall linde, Which ship he must with gentle blast ami eke with moderate winde. and thus said by and by. All om- ill lucke is past, we haue a merie winde, I hope England, if this winde last, yet once againc to (inde. When this I vnderstand, to lone I vowed then, Forswearing cleane the Ginnic land for comming there againe. And passing on in post with fauorabic windes, Wc all arriu'd on Englands coast with passing checrefull mindes. The -ei-onil voyaije to Giiiiiie, and the riuer of .Scsto, set out in the Moneth of No- ueml.er l.')(ii, 1i;. Sir Willi.im Gerrard, Sii- William Chester, >Sir Thomas Lodge, Maistcr Ueniamin CJOston, .Maister William Winter, Maisier Lionell Ducket, Anthonie Hickman, and Edward Castelin, with two ships, the one called the lohn Baptist, wherein went for Maister, Laurence Kondcll ; and tlic other the Marlin, isherein weul also for Maistcr, ItobiTt Hcuell, hauing lor Factors, Robert Baker, hi-.tiniaii (ioodwinc, lames Gleidell, and George Gage : and written in verse by ihe foresail!' Robert Baker. tand. 1. like slake againe, e is thine YOu heard before, that home I got from (iinnie at the last, But hv and by, 1 quite forgot the snrrowcs I had past. And ships rigged also, with speed to ship againe, I liein, then rcquird to go, did not denie them plaine, But gra\iied them to go, \nhap])ie foolish wight, When thev cimimand, eke there to do the best seruice 1 might. In line, to go our way now scrueth timt. and tide, W'e hauing nothing vs to stay, what should we longer bide? The hempen band with helpe of Mariners doth threat The Maister then gaH cheere with siluer whistle blast His Mariners, which at the leere are laboring wondrous fast. Some other then againe, the maineyard vp to hoise. The hard haler doth hale a maine, while other at a trice Cnl saile without delay : the rest that be below. Both sheats abal'( do hale straitway and boleins all let go. The Helme a Mariner in hand then strait way tooke, The Pilot eke what course to stir within his care did looke. Againe with siluer blast, the .Maistcr doth not faile. riic i»k>r. I know fo wey and rearc that slouthfull whel[)e To cause his mates forthwith in hast vp from his mothers teat. abroad to put more saile. :i X 'i Wr >*•! r(! 584 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Robert Baker. 2. We then lanch from the shore, sith warre we knew it right, And kept in sea aloofe therefore two dayes and eke a night. And, as it is the guise, to toppe a man we send. Who straight asaile or two espies, with whom we then do wend. Aloofe would some with one, and roomeward would the rest : But with the tallest -hip wc gone, whom we thinkc to be best. .\t last, in fomminj; neere as capfaincs vsc to do, 1 hale tiiem, and <>f whence thev were I did desire to know : Of France when they had said, we weaued them a niaine, But they nothing therewith dismaid did likc'to vs agaiiie. Wo then our selues adunnt throiij;h hope of purchase here, Ainainc say we, ye iolly gallant or vnii shall buie it dere. To arme the maine fop tlio the boat-wainc c apace ; The qiiarrer mai-tcrs with <;lad hearts do know ci'h (iiK- his place. Our t"ps;iilcs ■.trikevNC tho and lit niir sailcs tii li;;lit, Our biil\>;irke .It maiiie mast also i> made likewise aright. Vpou our poope eke then riv.lit -ubtillv wc lav I'oiuirr, to blow \pall siu h men, as Ciller thrrav^av. Our Trui'ipctter aloft iiiiw sound- the feat- nf war, riic lini-cii pieces rorinn oft Hill;; forth 1)1 ih (haine .iiid li.ir Sonic on the vardc- a^ainc .sav to tell it, il I might. But () Minerua, helpc me aye, mv Avits astond he quite. Yea hclpc ye muses nine, let no tliouyiil iiu" wilhstaiul, Aid me ihis thing well to dcline, which here I take in hand. Well, thus it fortuned iho, in (iinney now arriu'd. Nine men in beat to shore wc go, where we iralTiiie c-pidc, An;cr to withst.md: And l)einn tome to shore, with Ni'gros we intreat, That for our wares which we had there tiiey would glue vs to eat. Then fetch they vs of roots, and sucii things as thty had. We gaue to thiin our wares to boote and were tlierecf rij;ht glad. To sea go we .igaine, in hope along the s!)ore To finde our ships, yet thinking plaine that they had becne before. And thus wiiii saile .ind ore Iwelue da\i's we went hard bv The stnnij»e vnromfortablc shore where wc nothing espie. But all thiike woods and bush and ininhlie wildernesse, Out of the which oft times do rusli strange boasts both wilde and (ior^e, Wh('i('<>r(>lt times wee see, at going downc of Sunne, Diners descend in conipanie, and to the st-a lhc\ come. Where as \ pon the s;uid thev lie, and chew the ( ud : Soinciiine in water eke they stand and \vallow in the floud. The Klephant we see, a great vnweldic beast. With water iils his troonke right hie and l)lowes it on the rest. The Hart I saw likewise delighted in the snilc, I'he wilde Hoare eke alter his guisr with snout in earth doth nioile. A great strange beast also, the .\nteIope I wccne 1 there did ~ee, and many mo, which erst I hauc not scene. .\nd oftentimes wc sec a man a shore or twaine. Who strait brings* out his Almadie and rowes to vs a maine. Here let wc anker fall, of wares a shew wc make, We bid him choose among ihtin all, what wares that he will take To bring to vs some fitih, anlilps be lost, what should we do lliis while ? Ill Heathen land we be, iin|)ossible it is That we shoulil fetch our owne eountrcv in such a boat ;is this. We now gaii to pereeiue that wee had ouerpa^t The Mele .ate pcnking tiiery wi^rd In I'orluge-.-e ri^ht well demanding Iraflike there ? If we had any w:ires lo sell, and where our siiips then were ? We answered them againe, we had tw siiip-. at sea, 'i The which \»i iild come Iralike with the wc thought within u dav. The cause wi.y we thus said, w.is hope to be well \sde : IJut seeing this, as me.i tlisni.-,id .iw.iy we went and nin-de Whither ibijM Robert lifikif.'i Robert Baker. 2. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEIIIES. 6S7 shore, lime tree, secnc I they brins 1(hI, wcakc, nc ts wouUI ( brcakt c losit, hilc } sw i-otiiilrev I r ji( lilcMi liiif, I > > i. n were ? dike with ihe y. liclj Ic: i>ni:.i(l hie T«.. .blp- Whither our ships were pone, what way were best for v.s : Shall we here perisli now saith one? no, let v>4 not do thus : We sfc :ill h(i|)e is past our ohip-i to tiiule a^nine, And here our linen do shorten last in iniseric and paine: For why liie raging heat oC Suiine, beinp so extreme, Consinnes our flesh away in sweat, as (l:i\l\ it is seeiie. The Tfinados a^ainc SI) often iji a wceke, With great lightnings, thunder and raine with such abundance eke, % Doe so beat vs h\ night, that we sicepe n'lt at all, WhereliN our strenj^di is vaded quite, Ml) man an ore can hale. Mow hard liuc we, alas? three whole dayes oft be past, Ere we poore men (a heauie case) <>l any thing due ta^t. These iwenlir daves yc see, we haue sit still eeh one. Which we do of nec«'ssitie, for place to waike is none. Our legs now vs dccciue, swoliic euery ioint withall, With this disease, which, bv your leaue, the Scuruie men doe call. \\'e cannot lung endure in til is c.i-e as we be, To leane our boat I am right sure, c()m|)eld we must agree. Three \va\os for vs there is, and this i» inv recjuest. That we may "i' these three deuisc, t' chouse thereof the best. The Castle ol the Mine is not I'arre lu nee, we know. To morrow mon.e we there may be, if iliithcr von will goe. Tliere l'orti:i';als do lie, and ' i;risieiieil men they be: If we (Lire trust their curfesie, the worst Is h inking glee. Our mis.ri<> m.iv make ihrm piiie vs the more, Nine such yong men great pains would for life to hale an ore. [take Their Gallies may pcrhapH lacke Hueh yong men as we. And thus it may fall in our laps, all Cialeyslaues to be, During our life, and this we shall be snrc to haue. Although we row, such mcate an is the allowance of a slauc. But here we rowe and stenie, our miiiery is 80 aore : The slauc with meat inough they s;.rue, that he may tearc his ore. If this you will not like, the next way is to goe : Vnto the Negros, and to seeke what friendship they will shew. Hut uhai fauour would ye of these men looke to haue : Who beastly sauagc people be, farre worse then any slaue ? If Caninbals they be in kind, we doe not know. But if they be, then welcome we, to pot straight way we goe. They naked ^oc likewise, for shame we cannot so : We cannot litie after their guise, thus naked for to go. By rootcs and leaues they line, as beasts doe in the wood : .\mong these heathen who can thriue, with this so wilde a food ? The piercing heate againc, that scorcheth with such .strength. Piercing our naked flesh with paine, will vs cimsume at length. The third and la.st is this, (if those two you refuse) To die in miserable wise, here in the boafe you chuse. And ihisiudge by the wav, more trust is to be giucn, Vnto the Portingals alway, siih they be christned men. Then to these brutish sort, which beastiv are ye see: Wlio of our death will make a sport, if Canibals they be. We all with one consent, now death despising plaine: (Sith if we die as innocent, the more it is our gaine) ^\'\ Am i.i>i J ku)ir Whither t)ur :m VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Robert Biikcr. 'i. Our ■'avio wo Ikitsc in hastt, with spi-i'il we mind to go Vnti) liii- c.Hiell, now mil past a iwcniii' li'annrt v» fro. And -aNlinK all this day, \\v ^picd late in ihc night, An \vc past l)v thu'* on our way, Njiiin till' shore a li;;i)t. Then savd our Hoate-wainc thii«, by thiM great light a -hore, Tniliqiif I en- leejne-, will y<>" let vs •inker thii night tlierororc, And trie if we may get, thi-i next morning by day, S(iiiu' kind of I'. (h1 (or vs to eate, :iii;l then to goe our way ? We anker lh«re that night, the n«'\l niorning to shore : And in the plare, where wc the light did see the night before, A watch hou«c now tiirre stootl, \pon a roeke without : Hard by a great blaeke erosse of wood, whit'h piiltetli vs in doubt, Wh.ii place that thi- should be, ;ind loi'king to the shore, A Castell there we gan espie, this made vs thmbt the more. Wherein we saw did stand a I'oriingall or fw;iiiie : Wiio held a white flag in his hand, and waned vs amaine. Our (Icsli as fraile now shakes, whercbv we gan retire, .\nd he at \s a shot tiien m.ikes, ■:, Negro giiiing (ire. .\ piece discharged thus, the hissing pi-lli-t lights, I thinke within a vard of vs, but none of V'. it hits. Wc wisht then wc had there a goo■ Robert Baker. 9. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. SS9 ull Iniil, ISt Mould lif '■•• wli ilo>lick»", in sit fa^l on then, Miind. lout wc, licl, wc sec. ;iiid. tc ,1 11, in >i 1. ^ht, rt- kc. ■• not Varc Ci|)« (hire l • ,hr TOL. II. 3 Y The MO VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Robert Baker. %, •■.s W J A. Ti The Kings «onne after thit, a stout and valiant man, In whom I thinke Nature iwii, hath wrought all that ihe can, He then I ray commaundii them ■traight to laue our boatr, To worke forthwith goe many handi, and bring the lame a floair, Some Bwimmc to saue an orr, iome diuc for thingn be !o«f : I thinke there helpc t" hale a »horp, Tiue hundred men almoHt. Our boatr ihux haldc vp drir, all ihin^'H ie, no man that dumt kerpc ought. Then vsi they led away, knowing we wanted meate, And gaue to vn, cuen nuch as they thcmselues do daily eate. Was noucr Owlc in wood halTc HO much wondered at, As we were then poore men, ala«, v\hich there among them sat. We feared yet our pari, and wisht a monctli were past, For each man there went with his dart, which made vs uft agast. We lay vpon ihc ground, with them there all that nijjiil : Bui feuring still a deadly wound, we rould not siccpe a whit. Two dayes thus past we well, no man vs offred wrong : The cause thereof I gin you tell, they thought ihiit them among : Our shi[>s had bene at sea, anlreight way to the tire : Where we ro>t some of those, the Tv>l seeth in a pot, .And of this banket nought we lose, nor fragment re!.teth not. Tiie night as heists we lie the bare harti earth vpon. And round by vs a great fire light lo keepe wild beasts vs from. Bill Mh»i should I recite, or couet to declare My sorowes past, or eke t'endile of my hard Ginnie fare ? I cease here to enlarge iny miserie in that land, A toy in head doth now me charge, as here to hold my hand. In fine, what would ye more, the heat did so exceed. That wanting cloths it scorcht so sore no man could it abide. The coiinlrey eke so wilde, and Mihealthfull withall, That hungry stomacks neuer fill'd, doth cause faiut bodies fall. Our 'r.\ V The 7. voi. ta Gultua. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIF.S. Ml ■)'. Our men fall iicke apace, and cherishing hauc none : Thai now or nine, within abort ipace we he left three ainne. Alan, what f(reat agaitt In VH three liuing yet, Was it to nee, that death ho Ta»t away our fellowc» fet ? And then to loue on hie wc rail for helpc and grace. And him beiteech vnfaiiicdiy, to fetch VH from thi* place. From this wild heathen laiul, to ChriNtcndomc a)(aine, Or else to lay on vs his hand, and rid \» from our paiiie. Least that we oucrprcst with too much miscric, Perhaps as wcakc hroakc our behest which wc owe God on high. And lost wc liuing here am<)ii<; litis heathen, miKht He hearing v* at lenglh, how we to him doe call. He hclpa v« with his wonted «trenglh« and itraight thither withal!, A French ship aendti at la«t, with whom wc three go hence : But nix in earth there lie full faitt, and netier like come thence. This Frenchman as I Nay, through salt and Murging tea*, Vs brought from Ginnie land, away to France, the Lord we praiite. And warre he prnues it plaine when we entred hia ship, A prisner therefore I remaine, and hence I cannot ilip Till that my ransome be agreed vpon, and paid. Which being leuied yet so hie, no agreement can be made. And 8uch is lo my chance, the meaiie time to abide Perchance for need do that which were A prisner for ransome in France, ri)>ht hainoiis in his sight. Well, to my purpose then, wiicn wc to lone thus crie, To hclpi- vs hence poore silly men from this our miscric. till God send time and tide. From whence this idle rime to Kngland I doc send : And thus till I haue further time, this Tragedie I end. n. Baker. A meeting at Sir William Gerard* house the 1 1 of luly l.'>64. for the setting foorth of a voyage to (iiiinca, with the Minion of the Queens, the lohn Baptist of Lon- dun, and ihc Mcriinc of M. Gonson. AT this meeting were these chicle aducnturer<. Sir VVilliam Gerrard, sir William Chester, »ir Thomas Lodge, Anthonic Hickman, and Edward Cistelin. Where it was agreed that Francis .\shl)ie should be sent to Deptford lo M. Gonson for his letters to Peter Pet to goe .ihout the rigging of the \(inion vpon the Queenes maicsties charges, and so the said Francis t'l repaire with the same letters to (iillingham with money to supplie our charge there. .Mso that eiuTN one ol' the (iue partners shall foortliwilh call vpon their partners to supply towards this new rigging and victualling, 2'.) li. lOs. lid. for cuery HX) li. value. ,\lso ih.Tt cuery one of the Hue partners shall foorthwith bring in .JO li. towards the fur- niture of the premisses. Likcwiiie it is aj;reed that if M. Gonson giuc his consent that the Mcrline shall be brought .ilioul from Brisioll to H.impton, that a letter be drawcn whcreunto his hand shall be, before order be giiicn for the same. The successc of this V'oiage in part appeareth by ccrtaine briefe relations e.xtraclcd out of the .second vo\agc of Sir lolui Hawkins to the West Indies, made in the sayd \cerc I.")tt4. which I thought go(Ml to set downe for want of further instruc- tions, which hitherto I could not by any meancs come by, albeit I haue vsed all possible indeuour for the «)btaining of the same: Take them therefore in the meane Mea.sun as foloweth. .MAster lohn Hawkins, with the Icsus of I.ubcck a shijj of 700. lunnes, and the Salomon, 3 \' '.i a «hip 'A' III IW '■ mm <#! 'Mm- '"t "'"111 I \,«' f 1^' ft #'11? '^^. 532 The Minion of the Queene* The firing and tinkinf; of the M-rliiie hound for Guinea. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The 7. voi. to Guinea. a ship of 7 score, the Tiger abarke of 50, and the Swalow of 30 tunnes, being all well fur- nished with men to the number of one hundred threescore and ten, as also with ordiiia mc and victuall requisite for such a voiage, departed out of Plimmouth the 18 day of October in the yeere of our Lord 1564. with a prosperous windc: at which dcpartin}^, in cutting the foresaile, a marucilous misfortune happened to one of the offici-rs in the ship, who by the pullie of the sheat was slaine out of hand being a sorowfuii be^inninjj to tlicm all. And after their setting out 10 leagues to the Sea, hce met the same day with the Minion a sliin of the Queens Maiesties, whereof was captaine Dauid Carlet, & also her consort the luhn Baptist of London being bound to Guinea likewise, who hailed one the other after the iiis- tome of the sea, with certainc pieces of ordinance for ioy of their meeting; which done, the Minion departed from him to sccke her other consort the Meriinc of London, which was a Sterne out of sight, leaning in M. Hawkins coinpanie the lohn Baptist her other consort. Thus sailing forwards on their way witha jirosperous wind vntil the«JI of the same inoncili, at that time a great storme arose, the wind bein;; at Northeast about i) of the clofkc at •lij^ht, and continued so 33 houres together, in which storme M. Hawkins lost the company oi' the John Baptist aforesaid, and of his pinnasse called the Swallow, the other 3 ships bciii^ «iire beaten with the storme. The 23 day the Swalow, to his no small reioicing, came to him gaine in the night 10 leagues to the Northward of Cape I"ini>ter, h.uiing put roomer and not being able to double the Cape, in that there rose a contrary wind at Southwest. The 2b the wind continuing contrary, he put into a place in Ga!icia callel'orlunc of (ire (through the nei;ligcncc nf one of the giiiincs') the ponder in the gunner'* roome was set on fire, which with the lir~t blast >>troke out her poo| , and tliereuilliall lci>t ■'{ men, besides tuany sore burned (wtiich escaped by the Jkigandine being .it her sternc) and immediatly to the great los!,o of the owners, and mo^t horrible sight of the bchoMers, she sunke before their eies. The H) d.iv of the m meth M. Hawkins with his C)ns( rts and company of the Minion hauing now hoih the Brigandines at her sterne, weighed anker, and set -iiilc on their voiage hauing a priis])er- ous wind tiienunto. The 4 of Nouember they had sight nl the Hand of Madera, and the (I day of Tenerillii, wliich they tiiought to haue bene tiie Caiiaric, in that thev supposed iheiii- sclucs to haue bene to the liasiward of Tenerilia but were not: but the Minion be\ng it or 4 leagues a head of vs kept on her course to Tenerilia, haiiini; better sight thereof then the other had, and bv that means they ;)arle(l coiupany. The lorevud Sir lohn Hawkins p.i»ini; on his voiage bv Cnio Verde, and Sierra l.eoiKi, and afterward crossing oner the luaine Ocean loiumiiig to the towne of Burboioata v|)oii the coast of Terra firma in 'ho West Indies, had further infurmation of the euill successe of this Giiiiiean vovaL;e, as in the same hercal'tiT is verbatim mentioned. The 20 of April, we being at anker without the road, a Trench shij) called the green Drn- gon of Newhauen, whereof was taptaine one Bon Temjis tame in, who saluted vs alter ilic maner of the sea, witli ccrtaine |)iiccs of ordinance, and we resaluled him with the iil.c againe: with whom hauing communication, he derlared ihit hec had bene at thi Mina in Guinea, and was beaten off by llie I'ortngals gallics, and enlorced to cotne thither to in:ikr sale of such wares as he had : and (iirtlier that the like was hapned vnto the Minion : ;iU(i tliat captaine Dauid Carlet, & a marchant, with a dozen mariners were betraiedbv the Negrns at their first arriuall thither, remaining |)risoners with the I'ortngals, besides other misadncii- tiiros ol the iosse of their men hapned through the great lacke of fresh water, with greiil doubts of bringing home the ships : which was most sorowfuii for vs to viidcrstand. .■■.:■. The e 7. vot. to Guinea. being all well fiir- also with ordinate ■ 18 (lay of October rlins, in cutting the le ship, who by the IT to tliem all. And h the Minion a ship ^CT consovt the lnhn other after the nn- ng : which done, the London, which was a 1\CT other consort. I of the same nioncili, )f the clo'-kc at 'lif^ht, ,t the company nl the cr 3 ships Ijeiiij; -nrc ioicinji, came to him iiiinj!; put roomer and ul at Southwest. The d Fcrol, where he re- ■ the keeping of S""^ • whereof he pane llu-m cme, but the Minioiw r-ir departure from M. ini; met with her, ki'iit ui^h the nei;linenie i.f n", which with the lir«t ,v sore burned (which 1 'the great losse of the :heir cies. The iO rtng:il-i had Irci !u'roii>lv surprised in the Baie oT Santa On/, vpoii ihp <(iast of Harharie, which !>hip «f led there all '•piiletl. ()in(ieiit'iMl \ ninr(liaiii> Ix night in the ^ liil lowne lor our pmuisioii, 14 huts nf wine, whiih Ci'st 1.) (Iiii'kals a bill, whit h were olVriil \> al Santa Cri./ in Tenerif for S, ;), and 10 diirkji.. I'lic '.• (lay Hcdcjiarlcd Iroiii lliis road to another b.iie, about 3 leagues od'and tlitre Uml.e ill Irc-li water ; iS. so the 10 d.iv «e .•>et sallc lowardsC.ipc Blanke, which is on the icn-t if (iiiinea. The I'i (lav we fell into a Hale to ilic Eastward of C.ipe I'argos, which i^ 3i lenuues from Cajic HIanke. Hut hauing no knowledge of that coast, wc went with Cape Klanke. and ji the (all of the land wv mounded ami had It) fadoinc water two le.igiirs from the shore. Tln' l.iiid is \erv lowe ,iul white -and. \|)on the f.iil of the savd co:i«t licware how vou bomw i:i I'i or 10 radonic. for uillnii 'i or .'J ( a-l'. oT the lead you lu.n be on ground The 17 (lav wc -ct >aile lioiii ('.i|)e Blanke, (lire( ling our c (Uirse Soutii and 1>\ I!ast \ S, mli anioiij;, ,iiul so fell into a Biie in tin l-.a-tw.ini ofC.tpe Verde, about 10 leaniics, and .ih.i,' »i\c leamies IVoiii llie shore The sa\(l land seemed Mil > vs as il it had bene a ureal niiinlKi I't shiiipcs vnder saile, being imlced nothing (Is but the land wimli wa-* lull ol lluniniok'i, Millie high some lowe. with hi:;h trees on them. We bare with the said land till wc were within 3 leagues of the shore, and then we sounded, and found 2H Cadoiiic waicr, blacke oasc. 'fhis dav we s.t.v nun h lish in sundrv snils swiininiiig with their noses wiili i!k' brim of the water. I'assiiig .iloiig till roa-l we ini^lit see two small iciund hil-, seeming to \n abo.it a lea;;iieciii Irom the other, whi. !i is the Capi-, and betwcciie iliein .nc j;reat store of trees, and in all inw (laves sailiii;: wi' saw m land so hi;;h as the said two liils. I'lie l!l (I i\ wc came to an ani^er al the ('a|)c, in a roade fast i)v the Westerniost side ul two hils in 10 fa'loiiie ol water where you iiinv ri'le in fiue or si\e fadoine, lor the ground i, faire, and alwayes \(>ii shall haue the wiiide oll'lhe shore. .And :is soodc as wc were all at .ni aiikiT r: At. George Fetmtr. them off holding them I the boat would come ay Flower with sixe or light come a shore ami ledge of theirs for our rture gaue them fourc ;es with other things. haue sufficient jilcdi^cs picious, and went not Sumptcr a shore, wiio r them. 4 a far olT more like a ihat small at the top, it creof. And although it Midsommcr, yet is the ailed Ana^ona. , about I'i or l+IeamnN 'ctro de Sou*es, in wliirh rail had hcnc there ,it an lera, whereupon wecsei lere we found our Admi- le oftheCoppersniitlN.i . of Sant.i Cru/., vpnii the n, 14 bills iif \>inr, «h:i'n for rt, 'J, ai'.d 10 dm kji-, aiMics (lilaiul tlitTC lodkc which IS on the cr.a>t if which i'^.l.i lesuui-s In. ) lih C.ipc Hlank»-. ;mhI : iie-i I'riiin ilic shore, li twATC how you biuiiw II rouiui oulli and In East \ S, iilh ut IG loanucs, and aboiii had IxMic a ureal luimlxr h Nv:.s lull of Ihimmiik^, h ihc said land till "i found '2H ladoino \sati;. with tluir noM's wiiii i!'i' mio vsaboiitalc;i;;iicrm' un- of trees, and in ;ili "W V the We-lcrmost side "I radoinc, for the f^nuind i. sdoiic as wc were all at ;iii aiikir M. George Feimer. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. anker our General! came aboord va, and with him the master of the Admirall, whose name was William Bats, and with them the captaine of the Viceadmirnll, whose name was master Edward Fenner, and Robert Curtise the master, and dined aboord of vs being in the George, wherein was Captaine lohn Heiwood, and lohn Smith of Hampton master, and there we con- cluded to goe a land, which was halfe a mile from vs: and by the counsel of William Bats both Captaine and marchants and diners of the companie went without armour: for he sayd, that although the people were blacke and naked, yet they were ciuill : so that hee would needs giue the venter without the consent of the rest to go without weapon. Thus they rowed to shore, where we being in the shippe might see a great companie of Negros naked, walking to and fro by the sea side where the landing place was, waiting for the comining of our men, who came too soone, und landed to their losse as it fell out afterwards. There went a shore the Admirals skiffe, and the May Flowers boate, and in them the num- ber of 20 i)ersons or thereabouts, as M. George Fenner the Generall, his brother M. Edward Fenner, Thomas Valentine, lohn Worme and Pt-ancis Leigh marchants, lohn Haward, William Bats, Nicholas Dav, lohn Tomson and others. At their comming to the shore there were 100 Negros or vpward, with their bowes and ar- rowes ; our Captaincs and merchants talked with them, & according to the vsc of the countn-, the one demanded pledges of the other, & they were content to deliuer 3 of their Negr'''' for 5 of our men. Our f) mens names were these, Ichn Haward, Wil. Bats, Nich. Day, loh Tomson, 8c lohn Curtise: these were deliuercd them, and we receiued 5J Negros into our Admirals skiHe. Our men being a shore among the Negros, began to taike \\ith them, dcrlaring what ware and marchandi/.e we had, as woollen cloth, linnen cloth, iron, cheese iS: other things. The Negros answered againc, they had ciiicf, muske, gold and graines, which pleased our ca^ii- taines and marchants \cry well. Then the Negros desired to haue a sight of some of our wares, to the which our luarchants were content, and foorthwith sent aboord one of the boats lor part of their marchandise, and in the meane time wliile the boaie went to the ship, our line men were walking on the shore with the Negros, and our Generall and marchants staled ill the I llicr boat bv the sea side, hauing the '.i Negros with them. Our boate then came a^aine and briuight iron and other marchandise, with bread, wine, ac.d cheese which thev i^aiie \i\Ui thein. Then two of the Negro- ( which were the pledijes) iiiadi" ihemseluts sicke, desiring to goe a shore, promising to send other two for them. Cap- taine Ilaiward pcrceiuing tiiat our men had let the Negros come a shore, .asked what they meant, and doubting the worst began to drawe toward the boate, and two or three of theNe- gro< Inlowed him. And wlien hee eame to the bo.ite they began to stav him, and he in.ade signcH vnto them that hee w idd fetch them more drinke and bread : notwithstanding, when he was entering into the lioate. one ol them caught him by the breeches and woidd haue staied him. hut hee sprang from iim and leapt into the boate, and .as srd bv him, suddenly ilrcw the sword out ol the scabberd, and cast himselie into the Sea and swamme a shore, and presently the Nei;ros laied handes on (uir men iliatwere on shore, and •ooke three of them with great vio- lence, and tore all their apparell from their backes and left them nothing to cor _t hem and many of them shot so thicke at our men in our boates, that they could scarse set liand to any Oire to rowe from the shore, yet (by the heipe ofCJod) they got from them with their boaies although many ol' them were hurt with their povsoned arrowes : and the poison is vncurable, if the arrow enter wiihiii the skin and drawe blood, and except the poison bee presently sucki out, i>r the place where anv man is hurt bee foorlhwith cut awa\ , hee dieth vsithin foure daves, ami within three houre- at'ler they bee hurt or pri< ked, wheresc.eiier it be, although but at the liile toi', yet it striketh vp to the heart, and laketh aw.iv the stomacke, and causeth ihe j)artie marueiloiisly to vontile, being able to brooke neither meat nor drinke. fhe Negros hauing vscd our men with siiih cruelty, whose names weie Nicholas Uav, Ui!- Itaiii 535 The rooliih rashnfs of Wil. Bats ptrsffadinf the comfiny t* laud vnarmcd. Ciuet, inutkf, guld & grain., the L-umniuditte; of Cape VerJr. Tlic N.';rt*« t; e- dicrie. I)" r I' ■n- im tiO'. m0' i\ ^ •1' / f'y \ ; \' 336 '#> A French inter- preter for Cape Vudt. VOYAGES, NAXnOATIONS, M. George Fenntr. Tlie djiirer of y>t>ys ned .ir- rort'es. The answere of uie Negios. Fo".a v.ita. A rood admu- nilijn. liam Bats, and lolin Tomson, led them away to a towne which was within a mile of the water side, or thereabout. The 20 day we sent to land a boate or skifle wherein were eight personr and one of them was the foresayd lohn Tomson and our interpreter which was a Frenchman, ( {or there was one of the Negros which spake good French;) and they caried with them two lurquebusses, two targets and a mantell. The cause of sending them was to learne what ransome they demaunded for Bats and Day whom they detained. And whin they came to the shore and told the Negros what they de- sired, they went and fetched them from among the irees, and brought them loose among for- tic or fiftie of them. And being come within a stones cast of the sea side, William Bats brake from them, and ran as fast as he could into the sea towards the boat, and he was not so soone in the wafer but hee fell downc, either being out of breath or his foote failing him in the sand being soft : so that the Negros came and fell on him and tooke him and haled him, that wc thought they had lorne him in pieces: for they tore againeall theapparell from his backe, so that some of them caried our men againe to the towne, and the rest shot at vs with their niij. soncd arrowes, and hurt one of our men called Androwes in the smal of the leg, who being come abdord, (for al that our Surgeons ccnilddo) we thought he would haue died. Our (iPiicrall (notwithstanding all this villanie) sent agayne to them, and offered ihcm any thing that they dc>ired for the raunsome of our nie;i, but they wouUl not dcliuer them : giuin.r vs this answere ; That there \v.as in the foresavd roade, three weekcs before wee came, an I'.n- glish shippc which had taken three of their people, and vntill wt-e did bring or send tiicin agaitie, wee should not haue our men although wee would giuc our .liree shippes with their furniture. The 21 day a French shippe of the burden of 80 tunnes (or thereabouts,) came to the place where we were, being bound to traflique at the Caj)e: we told them of the delainini' of our two men by the Negros: and seeing that these Frenchmen were very well weirnmc to the Negro<, we wished them to see whether thev could i)roture them againe ot the Kcf;r(i.-, and hrin;; them aloni; with them, and our (Jenerall promised the Frenchmen KK) li. to ob- t;iine ihem. So wee ronimiltod the matter to the Frenchmen ancllr: onely two recouerctl of their hurts. So we placed other men in the roomcs of those that y,e lost, and srt saile. The 2(> day betweene Cape Verde and Bona \isia we sawe manv flying fishes of ilic hi^- nesse of herrings, whereof two Hew into our boat, which we towed ut our sterne. The '.^8 day wr fell with an Hand railed Hona \isia, whidi is Irom Cape N'erde 8(> Icaiiiic. The Northside ot the sayde Hand is full of white sandie liils and dales, and some^^ll;ll hi^h land. The sayd day wee came to an anker within the VVeslermo«f point, about a league witiiin iln' point, and found in our sounding laire sai.d in ten fadome water, but you may go nccic till you be in liuc or six ladoiiie, lor the ground is faire. As so(ju' as we were at an :niker, our (Jenerall sent his pinnasse a land, ami found fine or si\e -u'.all liou-c-, but the people were lied into the mountains: and the next dav he sent a shore auaine, and met with two PorlUKals, who williuylv went aboord with his men. and ,.l their comi'iing he welt oninied them, alihi ugh thev were but poore & simj)le, and gaue laili of them a paire "f shoes, and so st t lluin a shore againe. The .'!() dav we weighed \- sailed into a Hav within a smal Hand about a league from ^s, and tooke plentie of diners s h'partcd. ul one to sane his life had I able to htlpe him-cllc; n.omcs of those that \sc living fishes of the \)k- ■A our Sterne. ., Cape Verde Wi lia-uf-. dales, and somcsvluit high .about a league \siilii" 111.- luit you may go necrc till .e a land, and found fine and the next day he Miit word with his men. and;,! & simple, and gaue eaih hnut a league from Nsan.j in sixteenc degree-* -^i;'! i;,K- fadomi- ol' the S.uiii- i„ ,h,. road. lUu beware at a lowe water brcakeili, M. Guoigc Ftnner. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES. :>37 The last day of laniiaric our Generall with certaine of his men went a shore in the Bale to the house;), where he found 12 Portugals. In all the Hand there were not aboue 30 persons. Banished Por- which were banished men for a time, some fpr more yeeres, some for lesse, and amongst them '"*'''■ there \vas one simple man which was their captainc. They line vpon goats flesh, cocks, heniies, and fresh water ; other victuals they hauc none, aauing fish, which they esteeme not, neither haue they any boats u> take them. They re|)orted that this Hand was giuen by the king of Portugall to one of his gentlemen, who hath let it foorlh to rent for one hundreth duckats a yeerc, which rent is reared onely in tfoats skinncs. For by their speaches there hath bene sent foorth of the sayd Hand into Per- OtMtstoreof tugall 40000 skins in one yeere. *°"'** We were to these men inarucilously welcome, and to their powers very wel entertained, and they gane vs the fiesh of as many hee-goates as wee would haue, and tooke muchpaines for vs in taking them, and bringing them from the mountains vpon their asses. They hauc there great store of the oyle of Tortoises, which Tortoise is a fish which swim- moth in the Sea, with a siiell on his backe as broad as a target. It raineth not in this Hand but in three moncths of the yeere, from the midst of July to the midst of October, and it is here alwayes very hole. Kiiie liaue bene brought hither, but by reason of the heate and drought they haue died. The .'J of February wee departed from this Hand, and the same day fell with another Hand called the Hand of Maiyo, which is 14 leagues from the other Hand: there is in the midst of The lie oi the way between these two Hands a d.^nger which is .dwayes to be seenc. "''°' VVc ankred in the Northwest side of the sayd He i:i a faire Uaie of eight fadomes water and n>ire sand, but here we staled not, but the fourth da\ weighed and sailed to aF'other Hand called S. lago, which llctli off the .said Hand of Maiyo East and by Sotitii, an 1 about fme leagues s. int- one from the other. Being come within the VVestermost point, we s;«w a faire road, and a sm.ill townc by the water side, and also a fort or platformc l)y it : there wc purposed to come to anker, and ourmarrhants to make some sale. But before we came within their shot, they let (lie at vs two pieces, whereupon wc went roomer and sailed along the shore two or three leagues from the road, where we found a small Bale and two or three small houses, where wc ranie to an anker in 14 fadome faire groinid. Within an houre after we had ankered we might see diners lior>emen and footmen on the land right against vs riding and running to and fro. The next day being the fift of Februarie, a ureat companie of their horsemen and footemen appeared on the shoare side, vnto whom our (iriierall sent to vnderstande whether they would quietly trafikc with vs : And they sent hnn worde againe, desiring that they might .speakc with him, promising that if he came to tralike as a marchant he should be welcome, and also that he should haue any thing that he or the marchant would with reason demaund. When this answere was brought vnto our Generall he was very glad thereof and the whole companie, and presently (with as much speede as he could) he caused his boates to be made roadie : but doubting the villanlc of the Porlugales, he armed his boates putting a double base in the head of his pinnesse, and two single bases in the head of the Sklilc, and so sent to the Mu\-lloure and the George, and willed them in like sort to man their two boates. These boates being thus manned and well appointed, our Generall entered into his SkifTc, and with the rest rowed to the shoare where were threescore horsemen or more, and two hun- dreth footemen readie to receiue them. Our (ienerall maruelled that they came in so great u number and all armed, and therefore with a llagge of truce sent to them to knowe their plea-nre : and th.-y answered him with many faire promises and othes, that their pretence was all true, and that tfu-y meant like Gentlemen and Marrhantes to trafike with him, declaring al.so that their C.pt line was coinming to speakc with him, and therefore desired our Generall to come and sptakc with him hlmselle. With this an>.*<.'re the boate returned, and then our Gener.-'il caused his pinnesse to rowe 111 them, and as he c.iint neere the shoare tlie\ tame In a great companie with much obey- ^an(■c, openir.g their hands inid amies abroide, bowing thenise i.es with their bonnets ofl", with :is much humble s;>hitatioiis outwardly as the\ ini<;ht : earnestly desiring our Generall and vol. II. J Z Marchant" I T I i i' ,(fc ' t '.illii, 'hi h y't :h '( Jl 538 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. George Fenner. 'ihf irf^ion of the i'onu^all IQ S. Iigo to our men. Tl.t Idf i.t Fi.f. Marrhants to come on lande to them, wherevnto he would not agree without siidifient gai'cs of Gentlemen and Marchants. At length they promised to sende two gaj^es to our Oeiicnils contentment, promising fresh water, victuall, money, or Negroes for ware if it were such as they liked : and therefore desired our Generill and Marchants to sende them a shnarc in writ- ing the quantilic of their wares, and the names of them : all which our Gcnerall departed to ptrformc, looking for their answore the morrowe following. And being gone a litk- from the shoarc, he caused his bases, curriers, and harquebusses to be shot oil', and our ships In like case shot ofT'fiuc or sixc pieces oC great ordinance, and so came aboord to prepare ilic note. The Portug;iIes most of them departed, sauing those that were left to watch and to rc- ceiue the not,-, which about foure or Mue a clocke in the aftcriioone was sent, and it wns re- ceiued. Kut all flic purposes of ihc Porlug:ils were vill.iinou-^ly to betray v* (as shal :ippcare hereafter) althouuli we meant in truth and houcstie, frieiully to iralike with them. There was to the Westwards of vs and about two leagues from vs, a fowne behinde a Odjin fast I)v the sea side, where thi'v had ccrl:iiMC Curauels, or shippes and also two nrigaiulinc* whereof they (with all the specde that t'lcy miglit) ni.ide reailic foure Carauels, and butli (lie brigandines which were like two Gallies, and fiirni.shed ihcni both with men and ordinance a>^ much a.s thev could carrie, and as sooneasit was night, tlicy came rowing and falling towiirdis vs: so that the land being high and weather somewhat cloudc or m\stie, ami they comniini; all the way close vnder the shoarc wc could not sec them till they were right against one of our ships called the May-lloure. By this time it was abopt one or two of the cloekc in the morning, and the Mav-(loiire roadc neerer them then the other two t)v a base shotte, so they made a sure account either |m haue taken her or burnt her. In the mcaiic time our men that had the watch (litle thinking' of such villainous treacheries after so manv faire wonlcs) were singing and pla\ing one uiih the other and made such a noysc, that (beiuij but a small gale of winde, and riding nccre ihu landc') they might heare vs from the sho.irc : so that wc sup|)oscd that tliev nuulc acdumi that we had cspvcd them, which indecde wc had not, neither had anv one piece of ordinaiuc primed, or anv other thing in a reaiiiiicsse. Thev came so necre vs that they were within gunshot of \-i, if ordinnncc and shottc at ihem, wliic h caused tlicm somewhat to stav, »,i thev charg<'d their onlinaiu e and sh'if at vs frc^hlv againe, and while thev shotte this scVonI time al v>-, wc had made readie three pieces which we shot al them, i)iil the\ approdir,! still so iiecrc, ih,it at la-t we mii;hl Ikuic -.hot a sheafc .irrowc to tlieni Wliere\ pon we Iliiii: ■ a gnle of winde i 11' the -ho.ire ho\«ed i ur fore»ayle, ami cut our cable at the li.iwsf, .mjl vii.,", towarde our .\ilniir,ill, .iiul they conliniu'd folhiwiii;.; ami -hooting .it vs, and >.orn( lime at cur Adniirall, hut o'.ir Ailmirall shottc one sue h pie< c al them, that it made ihem to rc-lirc, and .it length to warpe awav like traileroiis \ il|.iinc~. and ;i!il,i.iii>li thev itiiis •.iiildeiil\ shot all llicir shot al vs, vet thev hurt neither mm it l)i\e o|' cit-, hiil wh.it wc did to them wc know not. But seeing the villanie of these me;, w thought it best to stay there no lon!;c» ge« to our Gener;il» V if it were sucli as em a shoare in writ- jcnerall departed to g "^one a litlo from (f, and our sliips in onrd to prepare tlic t to watch and to rc- I sent, and it was rc- y vs (as shal nppcare ilh liieni. iwnc bchindc a poim ilso two Brigandincs, laraucis, and both the iicn and ordiiiaiK c as ijand fjllinglow;irdes and ihcy lomniini; all 'lit against one of cnir , and the May-noure -urc account eitlirr t" watch (litle thinkin;' and pla\ ing one wiih and riding ncerc ilu' lat tliey made acdmiit )ne piece of ordinaiue then one of onr im;i lonU ( ricd out, (Jallii«. vs all the great nrdi- tcd cer;aine tronkc^ i r u- shoare as they in llu' iv-cs, still a|>|)r('acliii .; tir.il we might) niailc II somewhat to stay. «.i ihev shotte this seidivl •ni, i>iit they appn'dirJ Whert-vpon we li.iu ■ j, at the hawsc, anil uci.i ,s, and ■.iiiu( time al > ,; c them to retire, ami ..t I vuddenK ^hrt all thfir L- did to tlu'n\ wc kll u re 111! longer, Inil inMic- ic said I!,ind tI a \\lrit> r a litle fovsne, and villi lalK, and the inhahif.iiit- Inirned vmiIi the ahui- Abiu! Al. George Fenner, TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 539 About a league from the chappel to the Westward is a goodly spring of fresh water, where we had ai much as we would. Whcate they haue none growing here, but a certaiiie seede i-.- that they call Mill, and certaine peason like Guinie peason, which Mill maketh good breade, Miiu but they haue here good store of rother beasts and goaten. Their marchandi/e is cotton, which Cotwn in Fueg» growcth there. The inhabitants arc Portugals which haue comandeiuent from the king to trafike neither with Englishmen nor Frenchmen for victuall or any other thing, except they be forced so to doe. There lieth oft' this Island another called Ila I5raua, which is not passing two leagues ouer, ■"" '''"^ it hath good store of goates and many trees, but there are not passing three or foure perdons *" dwelling in it. The y.") day of February \\c departed towardes the Islands of Azores : and on the 23 day of """y '«"""■ Marth we had sight of one of thcni called Florcs, and (hen wee might see another Island to "'^' the Northward of it called Cueruo, lying two leagues or thereabouts olfthe other. The '^7 we came to an anker in Cueruo ouer against a village of about twelue simple houses ; but in the night by a gale of winde, which caused vs to drawe our anker after vs wc hoysed .saylc and went to the aforesayd Island of Florcs, where we sawe strange strcames of water nmning downe from the high elides by reason of the great abundance of raine that had sudilenly fallen. The 2i) day we c.imc againc to Cueruo and cast anker, but a stormc arose and continued seucn or eight lioures together, so that we let slip a cable and anker, and after the storme wasalaycd we came againe thinking to haue rccouered the same, but the Portugals had either taken it, or -poiled it ; the cable was new and neuer wet before, and both the cible and an- ker were better wcirili then 40 li. .So that wc accompt our selues much beholding to the ho- nest I'orliigales. The Is day of April we tooke in water at the Island of Flores, and hauing ai-.kered, ourAp'* cable was trctted in sunder with a rocke and so burst, where wee lost that cable and anker also and so departed to our coast. Then wre set sayle to an Islandc named Faial, about the which lie three other Islands, the one called Pico, the other .Saint George, and the other Gracio>a, which ,vc had sight of on the eight and twentieth day. The '^i) we came to an anker in the .Southwest side of Faial in a faire bay, and 22 fadom water again«t .i litle lowne where we had both fresh water and fresh victuall. In this Hand by the report ol the inhabitant-., there groweth certaine greenc woad, which by their speeches Wotd. is farre better then the wo.id of S. Michael or of Tercera. The 8 day of May we came to Tercera where wc met with a Portugall ship, and bein-f m.^. (le-titute of a cable and anker, our Generall caused vs to keepe her companie, to see if she (iUild coniienienily spare vs any. The next morning we might see bearing with vs a great sinppc and two C.ir.inels, which we iudged to be of the king of Portugals Armada, and so they were, whereNpou we prepared our seines for our defence. The said ship was one of the kings ^p,, >ii (ialliasscs. about the burden of foure hinidred tunnes, with about three hundred men in her, "•'''»"' "Use ilic shippe beini; well appointed with brasse pieces both great and small, and some of them '""""' so bigge that their shot was as great as a mans head, the other two Carauels were also very k^arlike and well appointed both with men and munition. .\s sdoiie as they wcic wiihin .~hoiteof\s, they waiicil vs amaine with their swords, we \cepiiig onr coui sc, the gre.ot ■.■ slnppe shot at vs freel) and the carauell also, and we prepared a fight «- . iir •clues, and m.iile all things < leare lor onr s.d'egard as neere as we could. Then the irreat '""■"' "" ^'■'" -hijipe sh' t at vs all lier broad side, and her loiire greatest |)ieces.that lav in her stcrne, atid I'wutX""'' ^ Curt with hurt some of our men, and we did the best we could with our shot to requite it. .\i last two oihi r Cirauels came olflhc shoare, aiul two other pinnesscs full of men, and de- iiiured them abo.-rd ihr great ship|)e, and so went backe againe with two men in a piece of tliem. fhe ship .md the Cirauell gaue \s the lirst il.iy three lights, and when the night w.as .oMie the\ left , iI' shooting, \et nutwithstaiuling kept hard b\ vs all the night. In the mcanc .•{Z2 ,i,„c f ' * ^Ar- il"-ii;' 540 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. George Fenner. ' h Tbt 7 Ponugil lifpait with •danic l"r in (iiir Kn^lish time we had as much as wee could doe all the night to mcnde our ropc«, and to strenijihen our bulwarkes, putting our tniftt in God, and reaoluing our sclues rather to die in our defence then to bee taken by such wreiche^). The next day being the 10 of May in the mornii)i!;, there were come to aide the said Por- tugals foure great Armadas or Carauels more which made seuen, of which 4 three of them were at the least 100 tunnes a piece, the other not so binge, but all well appointed and full of men. All these together came bearinj; with vs bcinj; in thes lie them suih a hcatc K) paused the space ol le of vs, & then went fcrred together a grf at o vs againe, our barki' vpon the lee, and h\ s againe, that both the them made reasonalilc ictih vs: then & of tlu m all. ilh vs all that day with ike the benefite thereof t-re vs. So when ni<;hi ii!;ht. )iir men must be >laine, •el for all this we did (Uir ith our xssured trust in them his harnics and men to hoyse out ihcir arc away againe. Which mother.'they came vp to , making ac'tompt either iall, yet least they shmilci fast as they, and waiieil Id not, seeing vs still so forsooke vs with shame, againe stopped witli al ur and trouble, lught vs sixe men in her r luirt men. cond day of lune we were who bare with vs, and at 1 him to hovse foorth hi* C'aptaine and Marchants demanded M. Edmund Hogan. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 541 :i I' demanded of tliem what ware they had, and whither they were bound, and they made an- swerc that their lading w.is sugar and cotton. Then our Captaine and Marchants shewed them tiue Negroes th.it we had, and askr " nem whither they would buy them, which they were very desirous to doe, and agreed to giue for them 40 rhests of sugar, which chests were small hauing not aboiic loaiies in a piece: so they with their boate did fetch fiue of the chestes and deliiiercd thetn and went for more, and when they had laden their boate and were come againe, we might see bearing with vs a great ship and a small, which our Cap- A PonugiU (aine supposed to be men of warre or Rouers, and then willed the Portugales to carie their |{'j|;J;;°\"j','!,',i, sugar to their ship .igainc, purposing to make our selues readie for our defence. But the Por- viianiej) defend. tiigales earnestly intreafed our Captaine not so to forsake them, and promised him (if >^tiuom».mal'^' would .sal'egard them) to giue him aboiie the bargaine ten chests of sugar: whereupon our Captaine w.is content, and the Portugall not being good of sayle, we spared our topsayles for her; so at last the foresaid ship bare with vs, and (seeing that we did not feare them) gaue vs ouer. And the next morning came two others bearing with vs, and seeing vs not about to flie a iof from thoin forsookc vs also. The It day of lune we had sight of the Stort, and about noone we were thwart of the bay of Lime, and so .sounded and had .'?5 fadom water. The sixt day we came in at the Needles and so came to an anker vnder the Isle of Wight at a place called Mcadhole, and from thence sayled to Southhampton where we made an ende of this voyage. The Ambassage of M. Edmund Hogan, one of the sworne E,squires of her Maiesties person, from her llighnesse to Miilly .Vbdclmclech Empcrour of Marocco, and king of Fes and Sus: in the yecre 1577, written by himselfe. I Edmund Hogan being appointed Ambas.sadour from the Quecnes \faiestie to the aboue named Empcrour and King Mully Abdelmclcch, doparted with my company and seniants from London the two and twentie day of April I.i77, being imbarked in the good ship called the Gallion of London, and arriued in Axafi a port of Barbaric the one and M. Hogan hu twentie day of May next following, lininediatly I sent Leonell Edgcrton a shoarc with my "'b,','^,". '^"'' letters directeil to lohn Williams and lohn Hampton, who dispatched a Trottero to Marocco Mj>. to knowe the kings pleasure for my repaire !o the Court, which letters came to their hands on the Thursday nij;ht. They with all speede gaue the king vnderstanding of it, who being glad thereof speeded the next day ccrtaine Captaines with sonldicrs and tents, with other proiiision to Azafi: so that vpon Whitsunday at night the said Captaines with lohn Bampton, Kobcrt Washborne, and Robert Lion, and the kings officers came late to A/.ali. In the meane time 1 remained a boord, and caused some of the goods to be discharged for lightning of the shippe, and I wrote in my letter that I would not lande, till 1 knewe the Kings pleasure. The 22 day being Saturday, the .Make-spcedc arriued in the roade about two of the clockc in the arternoonc. The 27 day, being Whitsunday, came aboord the Gallion lohn Ham])ton, and others, gin- in^' me to vndcrstandc how much the King reiovced of mv safe arriuall, comniing from the Qucenes Maiestie, and how that for my safe condiul to the Court he had sent foiire Captaines and an hinidred souldiers well appointed, with .i horse furnished which he vsed himselfe to ride on with all other furniture accordingly: they wished mccalso to come on lande in the hcsl urdcr I could, as well for my selfc as mv men, wliich 1 did, hauing to the number of tenne men, whereof three were trumpetters. The ships being foiire appointed themseluos in the best order ihev could for the best shew, and shot oH'all their ordinance to the value of twentie Markes in powder. .\t my comining a shoare, 1 found all the souldiers well ajjpointed on horsebacke, the Cap- taines and the Goucrnour of tiie towne standing as neere the water side as they could, with a lennet M [.' w tlpi 3 IS VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M, E/lmund Jtogttti. ■■■ J .'' tn iJlrr a Icnnct of the king-*, and receiued mee from the bcalc dcrlaring how jjlad h'l* Maicsiic u;n of my cafe arriuall, comminji from the Qticcncs Maic'ii»nfi.iiifi uei|((| till ten of the clockc, and then pitched our tents till fourc, and so traueiled ait loni! d. whrrr liny can , ,. , i i ,. ■ <•#■ -i i > ""J, JS •nd wuer. day light would -nfier about 'ifi miles that day. The next (lav being Tridav I traueiled in like order but eight and tweniie milvsat the hkm and by a Hiuer 'iciii ; about sixc miles within sight of ibeCiiie of Marocco we pitched our tents, Iminediatly after came all our English marchants, and llie French on horsebacl^e l<> mrrir me, and before night there came an Alcayde from the king witii lifiie men, & diucr- iiuilr, laden with vicluall and banket, for ni\ supper, derlaiing \iilo me hnw glad the kin;; >Iic\m I Thtiiriiiiirhu- himsclfc to hearc of the Qiiernes Maiesiic, and that his pleasure was 1 should be reioiuij kini'to our .\m- inl" hi'* couuircy as neuer any (.'hrisijan the like: and desired to knowe what time the luxi d.i) I would come into his cilie, becau-e be would llial all the ('hristians .is also hi^ nnhilnj,. should ineetc me, and willed lohn Kam|>ton to be with him curly in the morning, whiJi h, did. About seiien of thecloeke being accompanied with the rrench and Kn^li-h itiaichaiiis, and a great number of souldiers, I passed towards the «ilie, and l/v thai time I h;i(l iraueiled .i miles, there met me all the Christians of the .Spaniards and Porlii als lo rereiue me, whidii knowe was more by the kings roininandcment then of anv gucKl wils of liiemsehies: fdrsninc of them although they speake me faire hung downe their heads like dog-, and e"pe( ialK il,c I'ortiigales, and I counlenanceii them acconlin^Iy ,So I passed on till I cameuiihin two Kngli.sh miles of llic Cii>e, and then lohti Bainpri.n returned, shewing me that iKo king v%as so gl.iil of m\ commin,,, I'lal hee could not (icin.c to doe too much, to shcwe tlie goiui will that hee did owe to the (iiieenes .Muiestie, .md hrr Hcalme. Ilis counsellors met me without the gales, ;md at tlie eiitrie of ilic gales, his foi \\-.ui\ \ guard were placed on both sides of my hurso, and so bmuglil me to tic kings palate. The king sate in his chaire with his Couiim'II about him, . s well the .Moores as the I{|i liio>, and according lo his order giiien vnio nie before, I there declared my me-sa^e in S|)ani«ii. and made deliuerie of the (^ucenes iNfaieslies letters, and all that I spake at that |iresei:i m Spanisit, hee caused one of his hichies to declare the same to the Moores present, m the Larbc tongue. Which done, he answered me againe in Spanish, yeelding lo the Quecnes .Maiestie i;rf.ii thankes, and oflTering himselfe and his countrey to bee at her (Jraces cominainulement, mid then commaunded cerlaine of his C ounsellers lo conduci mee to my lodging, imt being larrr from the Court. The house was faire after the fashion of that countrey, being daily well furnished with a! kind of vicluall at the kings i barge. The same night he sent for mee lo the Court, and I had conference with him about ihc spa( e of two hourcs, where I throughly declared the charge coniinilled vnto mee from lur Maiestie, finding him conformable, willing lo pleasure and not lu vrge her \faiestie with any dcmauiulcs liusadour. The .^pjniirdt and l*i>itu);aUa wrrr cnmaiiil«d hv fhr kiii^ III painc xfdfath, M menelhf F-n- gtiih Amhaiaj- dour. M. EdmHitd llogati. }f. Edmund Itogun. THAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. M8 ninht as lonj; as I by ily well ful•lli^lH'll wilh al (IcniaiinilcH, more tlicn comiciiicully slice miKlu willingly consent vnto, hec knowing that Diit of his coinitrcy the Uealme of iinglantl mlglit be better scriicd with lackcs, then hec in comparison from vs. Further he gaiie ine to vnderstaiul, that the king ol Spaine had sent vnto him for a licence, Tii«kin|of that an Ainbassadoiir ol his mi-'ht come into his countrey, and bad in.ide great mcanes that spaincKmiht <• if the Qucenes niau-siv ofKngiaiul sent any vnto bim, that he would not giiic hiin any credit Qi;«nt*iiet oriiitcrfai imeni, allieit (said he) I know wh:it the king of Spiine is, and what the (iueciii' of '^'"'""'"'*"' Kngh'id and licr Healme is: (or I neither like ol' him nor of his religion, being ho goucrned by the Inquisition that he can doe nothing of himsell'e. Therelore w!n'n he commeth vpon the licenre which I haue granted, he shall well Hce how jille a( count ! will make ol' hiiu and S|)aiMe, and how greatly I will extoll you for the QucenC'i m;iiesiic of I-jigland. He s- all not come to mv presence as you haue done, and shall da\ly : for I minde to accept ofyimas mv compa'iiou and cjueof my house, whereas he shall attend twcntic dayes after he hath (lone his mes-age. Alter the end ol this speech I deliuered Sir Thomas Gresham« letters, when ax he tooke me by the hand, and led me downe a lonn court ti> a palace where there ranne a fairc fountaine of water, and there sitting himselle in a i- j)rouide them, and that I did net doubt but vpon n\\ returne they should come with the first ""»"•• ship, lie is willing to giue them good iniertainment with prouision of victuall, and to let them line .iccording to their law and lonscient c wherein be vrgeth none to the contrary. I (inde bim to be one iliat liueih greatly in the I'eare of Ciod, being well exercised in the Scriptures, as well in the nide Testament as al-o in the New, and be lieareth a greater alVee- fion to our Nation then to others because of our rv ligion, which (crbiddelh worship of Idiils, and the Moores called him the Christian king The same iii;.;lit being the first of lune, I continued with him till twelue of the clocke, and he seemed to bane so good liking of me, that he tooke from his girdle a short dagger being v rich jift ht. set with liJlK) stones, rubies and turkies, and did bestow it vpon nie, and so I being conducted Ambasudiur!" returned to mv lodging fr that time. The next day because he knew it to be Sunday & our Sahboth day he did let me rest, fint im the Munday in the afternoone he sent for me, and I had conference with him againe, and muticke. Likewise on the Tuesday by three of the clocke he sent for me into his garden, finding Inm l.ivd vpon a silke bed coinplayning of a sore leg: yet after long conference he walked into .iii(ithcr Orchard, where as hailing a fiire bankelting-hi>use and a great water, and a new );,illie in it, he went aboord the gallic and tooke me with him, and passed the space of two or three houres, she\Niiig the great e\|)eriei;'"■'' K"- disc, as (or vii tuall \ water, as also in time ol w.irre with any her enemies to bring in prises and to make sales as occasion should serue, or else to depart againe with them at their pleasure. Likewise for all Knglish ships that shall pas-c along hi.s ceast of Harbarie, \- thorow the straites '4 \ I'. 1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I Ui^m 12.5 40 mil 2.0 12.2 18 III 1.25 1.4 lll'-^ < 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. US80 (716) 873-4S03 s> ^ %^' 3i^ ^"^ 544 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Edmund Hogan. w 1* t'vi :h straitcs into the Lcuant seas, Ihat he would graimt safi- conduct that the naid ships and inar- , chants with their goods might passe into the Lenant seas, and so to the Turks dominions, anil the kinii of Argiers, as his owne, and that he would write to the Tnrke and to the king ol Argier his letters for the well vsing of our ships and goods. Also that hereafter no Englishmen that by any meancs may be taken captiues, shall be sokle within any of his dominions : whereupon I declared that the Qiieeiies maicsty accepting of these his offers was pleased to confirme the intercourse & trade of our marchants within this his countrey, as also to pleasure him with such commodities as he should haiie need of, to A i«od prouiso. furnish the necessities and wants of his countrey in trade of marchandi/c, so as he required nothing contrarie to her honour and law, and the breach of league with the Christian princcji her neighbours. The same night I presented the king with the case of combes, and desired his maiestie to haue special regard that the ships might be laden backe againc, for that I found litle store nf salt-peter in readinesse in lohn Bamptons hands. He answered me that 1 should haue all the assistance therein that he could, but that in Sus he thought to haue some store in his hoiisr there, as also that the Mountayners had made much in a readinesse: I requested that he would send downe, which he promised to doe. The eighteene day I was with him againe and so continued there till night, and he shewed me his house with pastime in ducking with water>Spaniels, and baiting buls with his Eiigli^ili dogges. At this time I moued him againe for the sending downe to Sus, which he granted to doe, and the 24. day there departed Alcayde Mammie, with Lionell Edgcrton, and Kowl:ind (iiiy to Sus, and caried with them for our accompts and his company the kings letters to his brother Muly Ilammet, and Alcayde Shauan, and the Viceroy. The 23. day the king sent me out of Marocco to his garden called Shersbonare, with hi* gard, and Alcayde Mamoute, and the d'i. at night I came to the court to see a Morris daiue, and a play of his Elchies. He promised me audience the next d;iy being Tuesday, but he put it ofT till Thursday : and the Thursday at night I was sent for to the king after supper, and then he sent Alcayde Rodwan, and AIcaydeGowry to confcrrc with mr, but after a little talkr I desired to be brought to the King for my dispatch. And being brought to him, I preferred two bils of lohn Bamptons which he had made for prouision of Salt-peter: also two bils fir the quiet traflique of our English Marchants, and bils for sugars to he made by the lewcs, a> well for the debts past, as hereafter, and for good order in the Ingcnios. Also I mooued him againe for the Salt-peter, and other dispatches, which he referred to be agreed vpon by ih( two Alcaydes. But the Friday being the 20. the Alcaydes could not intend it, and vpon .Sa turday Alcayde Rodwan fell sicke, so on Sunday we made meancs to the King, and that nrici- noone I was sent for to confcrrc vpon the bargainc with the Alcaydes :ind others, but did not agree. Vpon Tuesday I wrote a letter to the King for my dispatch, and the same aftcrnoone 1 was called againc to the Court, and referred all things to the King, accepting his ofler of Salt- peter. That night againe the King had me into his Gallic, and the Spaniels did hunt the ducke. The Thursday I was appointed to way the :iOO. kintals grosse of Salt-pcter, and that alter noone the Tabybe came vnto mee to my lodging, shewing mee that the king was oflended wit:> lohn Bampton for diuers causes. The Sunday night late being the 7. of July, I got the King to forgiue all to lohn Baiuptoii, and the King promised me to spcake againe with me vpon .Munday, Vpon Tuesday I wrote to him againe for my dispatch, and then liee sent Fray Lewes to met., and said that he had order to write. Vpon Wednesday I wrote againe, and he sent me word that vpon Thursday I should cciiu and be dispatched, so that I should depart vpon Friday without laile, beijig the twcltth of luly. So the Friday after according to the kings order & appointment I went to the court, iS: whereas motion and petit) >n was made for the confirmation of the deniaunds which I had pre- ferred, 'i&t (I. !i M, Edmund Hogan. he Haid ships and inar- ; Turks dominions, and ke and to the king ol I raptiues, shall be soUlc :s maicsty accepting of r marchants within this should h;uie need of, to idi/.c, so as he required ith the Christian princes desired hi» maiestie to that 1 found litle store of hat 1 should haue all the some store in his house I requested that he would till night, and he shewed ting buls with his English which he granted to dm-, rcrton, and Kowhind Ciuy kings letters to his brother led Shersbonarc, with his urt to see a Morris dance, beinff Tuesday, but lie put i>e kins after 'supper, and 1 mc, but after a little lalke brought to him, I preferred t-petcr: also two bils fii , he made by the lewcs, a> [•nios. Also I mooued liim I to be agreed vpon by iht lot intend it, and vpon Sa to the King, and that alici ^■des ;ind others, but did nol d the same afternoone I was accepting his ofler of Salt- iniels did hunt the ducke. f Salt-peter, and that alicr It the king was offended witu forgiuc all to lohn Batnpton. lav. hccsciit Fray Lewcs to mce.. MU\ Thursday I should c.-mc lilc, being the twelfth ot lulv. flit I went to the court, *: »e dcmaunds which 1 had pre- ferrcil, M. Tho. Stukeley. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 54l> ferred, they were all granted, and likewise the priuileges which were on the behalfe of our The Emperor ef English marchants requested, were with great fauour and readinesse yeelded vnto. And where- ^™„^'^'' as the lews there resident were to our men in certaine round summea indebted, the Empe- EniUih. rors pleasure and conimandement was, that they should without further excuse or delay, pay and discharge the same. And thus at length I was dismissed with great honour and speciall countenance, such as hath not ordinarily bene shewed to other Ambassadors of the Christians. And touching the priuate affaires intreated vpon betwixt her Maiestie and the Emperour, I had letters from him to saiisfie her highncsse therein. So to conclude, hauing receiued the like honourable conduct from his Court, as I had for my part at my fint landing, I embarked my Hclfc with my foresaid company, and arriuing not long after in England, I repaired to her Maiesties court, & end?d my Ambassage to her highnesse good liking, with relation of my seruicc performed. ^- v . The voyage of Thomas Stukeley, wrongfully called Marques of Ireland, into Barbary 1578. Written by lohannes Thomas Freigius in Histuria de caide Sebastian! Regis Lusitania;. VEnerant autem ad regem etiam sexcenti Itali, quos Papa submini.''in' % f%.l I; m VOYAGES, NAUIGATI0N8. Beportg (if China. 'km %m I 111 ii'i< Fwiuirii. C'incto. Cantan. Chciiuram* Xutiamfu, Gbeliin. Quianci, or, Quioat. r«chi«. TTifir moiKih*. Certaine reports of the prouince or China learned through the Portugals there im- prtioned, and chiefly by the relation of Galeotto Pcrera, a Gentleman of good credit, that lay prisoner in that Countrey many yecres. Done out of Italian into English by Richard Willes. THid land of China is parted into 13. Shires, the which sometimm were ech one a king, dome by it «elfe, but these many yecres they haue bene all subiert vnfo one King. Fuquicn is made by the Portugal^ the firtt Shire, because there their troubles began, & they hn«l occa- sion thereoy to know the rest. In this shire be 8. cities, but one principally more famous then othera called Fuquieo, the other seuen are reasonably great, the best knowen whereof vnto the Portugals is Cinceo, in respect of a certaine hauen ioyning thereunto, whither in time past they were wont for marrhandisc to resort. Cantan is the second shire, not so great in quantitie, as well accompted of, both by ilie king thereof, and also by the Portugals, for that it lieth neerer vnto Malacca then any other part of China, and was first discricd by the Portugals before any other shire in that prouince: this shire hath in it seuen Cities. Chequeam is the third shire, the chiefcxt Citie therein is Donchion, therein also standetli Liampo, with other 13. or H. boroughes: countrey towncs therin are too too many to be spoken of. The fourth shire is called Xutiamfu, the principall Citie thereof is great Pa( bin, where the King is alwayes resident. In it are fifieene other very great Cities : of other townes therein, and boroughes well walled and trenched about, I will say nothing. The lift shire hath nameChclim: the great Citie >^anquin chiefc of other fiftcenc cities was herein of ancient time the royall seat of the Chinish kings. From this shire, & from the aforesaid Chequeam forward bare rule the other kings, vntil the whole region became one kingdome. The 6. shire beareth the name Quianri, as also the principal City thereof, wherein the fine clay to make vessels is wrought. The Portugals being ignorant of this Countrey, and finding great abundance of that fine clay tn be soldc at Liampo, and that very good cheape, thought at the first that it had bene made there, howbeit in fine they pcrceiued that the stand- ing of Quinzi more neere vnto Liampo then to Cinceo or Cantan was the cause of so much fine clay at Liampo: within the compassc of Quinri shire be other 12. cities. The 7. shire is Quicjn^ the 8. Quansi, the 9. Confu, the 10. Vriian, the II. S^hiua. In the first hereof there bel6. Cities, in the next lb: how many Townes the other 3. haue, wee are ignorant as yet, as also of the proper names of the 12. and 13. shires, and the townrs therein. This finally may be generally said hereof, that the greater shires in China prouince may bcc compared with mightie kingdomes. In eche one of tncsc shires bee set Ponchiassini and Anchiassini, before whom are handled the matters of other Cities. There is also placed in ech one a Tutan, as you would say, a gouernour, and a Chian, that is a visiter, as it were: whose office is to goe in circuit, and to see iustice exactly done. By these meanes so vprightly things are ordered there, that it m.iy be worthily accompted one of the best gouemed prouinccs in all the world. The king maketh alwayes his abode in the great city Pachin, as much to say in our language, as by the name thereof I am adnertised, the towne of the kingdome. This kingdome is .so large, that vnder fiue monethes you are not able to trauailc from the Townes by the Sea side to the Court, and backe againe, no not vnder three monethes in poste at your vrgcnt businesse. The post-horses in this Countrey arc lifle of body, but swift of foote. Many doe traueile the greater part of this iourney by water in certaine light barkes, for the multitude of Riucrs commodious for passage from one Citie to another. The king, notwithstanding the hugencKse of his kingdome, hath such a care thereof, thai cucry Moone (for by the Moones they reckon their monethes) he is aduertised fully of wh.it- Hoeuer thing happencth therein, by these meanes following. The I': Report* (ff China, Reporti of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 54T in China prouince may bee The whole prouince being diuided into shirea, and ech shire hauing in it one chiefe tnd principall Citie, wherciinto the matterB or all the other Cities, Townes and boroughes, are brought, there are drawen in euery chiefe Citie aforesaid intelligences of such things as doe monethly fall out, and be sent in writing to the Court. If happely in one moneth euery Post be not able to goc so long a way, yet doeth there notwithstanding once euery moneth arriue one Poite out of the shire. Who so cometh before the new moone stayeth for the deliuery of his letters vntil the moone be changed. Then likewise are dispatched other PosU backe into all the i.3. shires againe. Before that we doe come to Cinceo wee haue to passe through many places, and some of great importance. For this Countrey is so well inhabited neere the Siea side, that you cannot goe one mile but you shall see some Towne, borough or hostry, the which are so aboundanlly prouided of all things, that in the Cities and townes they liue ciuily. Neuerthe- lesse such as dwel abrode are veiy poore, for the multitude of them euery where is so great, that out of a tree you shall sec many times swarme a number of children, where a man would not haue thought to haue k'bund any one at all. Prom these places in number infinite, you shall come vnto two Cities very populous, and, being compared with Cinceo, not possibly to be discerned which is the greater of them. These Cities are as well walled as ary Cities in all the world. As you come into either of them, there standeth so great and m ghty a bridge, that the like thereof I haue neuer seene in Portugal nor else where. I heani one of my feHowes say, that hee tolde in one bridge 40. arclies. The occasion wherefore these bridges are made so great is, for that the Coun- trey is toward the sea very plainc and low, and ouerflowed euer as the sea water encreaseth. The breadth of the bridges, although it bee well proportioned vnto the length thereof, yet are they equally built, no higher in the middle then at either ende, in such wise that you may see directly from tlie one ende to the other : the sides are wonderfully well engraued after the manor of Kome-workcs. But that wc did most marueile at was therewithall the hugcnesse of the stones, the like whereof, as we came into the Citie, we did see many set vp in places dis-habited by the way, to no small charges of theirs, howbeit to little purpose, whereas n« body -eeih them but such as doe come by. The arches are not made after our fashion, vauted with sundry stones set together: but paued, as it were, whole stones reaching from one piller to an other, in such wise that they lye both for the arches heads, and galantly seme also for the highway I huiie bene astonied to beholde the hugenes.«e of the aforesaid stones : some of them are xii. pases long and vpward, the least 11. good pases long, and an halfe. The wayes echwhere are galantly paued with fouresquare stone, except it be where for want (if stone they vse to lay bricke : in this voyage ^ee trauailed ouer certaine hilles, where the wayes were pitched, and in many places no worse paued then in the plaine ground. This causes vs to thinke, that in all the world there bee no better workemen for buildings, then the inhabitants of China. The Countrey is so well inhabited, that no one foote of gniui d I* left vMtilled : small store of cattell haue wc seene this day, we saw onely certaine oxen wherewithal! the tountreymcn do plow their ground. One oxe draweth the plough alone, not nnely in this shire, but in other places also, wherein is greater store of cattelF. These countrey men by arte do that in tillage, which we are constrained to doe by force. Here be solde the voydings of close stonles, although there wanteth not the dung of beastes: and the excrements of man are good merchandise throughout all China. The dungfermers seek in euery streete by exchange to buy this dirtie ware for herbs and wood. The custome is very good lor keeping the Citie cleane. There is great aboundance of hennes, geese, duckes, swine, and goates, wethers haue they none : the hennes are solde by weight, and so are all other things. Two pound of hennes flesh, geese, or ducke, is worth two foi of their money, that is, d. ob. sterling. Swines flesh is sold at a penie the pound. Beefe beareth the same price, for the scarcitie thereof, howbeit Northward from Fuquieo and farther off from the seacoast, there is beefe more plentie and solde better cheape ; We haue had in all the Cities we passed through, great abundance of all these victuals, beefe onely ♦ A 2 excepted. ♦ ''IM ilfp ' 548 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Reporti of China. ' ). ''Ill '''iUi'* ill Hmm l-out'. Chiin, or, Ctllrit, Pcnch.i*«i. excepted. And if this Countrey were like vnto India, the inhabitant!) whereof eate neither henne, beefe, nor porlie, but keepc that onely for the Portugais and Moores, they would be sold here for nothing. But it so falling out, that the Chineann are the greatest eaters in all the world, they do feed vpon all things, specially on porke, which, the fatter it is, in vnto them the lesse lothsome. The highest price of these things aforesaid I hauc set dnwnc, better cheapc shal you sometimes buy ihcm for the great plentie thereof in this countroy. Frogs are solde at the same price that is made of hennes, and are good meate amongst them, as also dogs, cats, rats, snakes, and all other vncleanc mcatcs. The Cities be very gallant, specially neere vnto the gates, the which are maruciiously great, and couered with iron. The gate houses arc built on high with towers, & the lower part thereof is made of bricke & stone, proportionally with the walls, from the walles >pwnrd the building is of timber, and many stories in it one abouc the other. The strength of their townes is in the mightie walles and ditches, artillerie hauc they none. The strectes in Cinceo, and in all the rest of the Cities we haue neene are very faire, so lar<;c and so straight, that it is wondcrfull to behold. Their houses are built with timber, the foundations onely excepted, the which are layd with stone : in eih side of the strrcles nre pciitises or continuall (Mrchcs for the niarchants to waike vndrr: the breadth of the streets is neuerthelcsse such, that in them 15. men may ride commodiously side by side. As they ride they must needs passe vnder many high arches of triumph that crosse ouer the strectes made of timber, and carued diucrsly, couered with tiles of fine clay: vnder these arches the Mercers do vtter their smaller wares, & such as list to stand there arc defended from rainc and the heate of the Sunne. The greater gentlemen haue these arches at their doores: al- though some of them be not so mightily built as the rest. I shall haue occasion to speake of a certaine onler of gentlemen that are called Louteas. I wil first therefore expound what this word signifieth. Loutea is as much to say in our lan- guage as Sir, and when any of them calleth his name, he answerelh Sir: and as we do say, that the king hath made some gentleman, so say they, that there is made a Loutea. And for that amongst them the degrees are diners both in name and office, I will tell you onely of some principals, being not able to aduertise you of all. The maner how gentlemen are created Louteas, and do come to that honour and title, is by the giuing of a broad girdle, not like to the rest, and a cap, at the commaundement of the king. The name Loutea is more genemll & common vnto mo. then the qualitie of honour thereby signified agreelh withall. Such Louteas as doe serue their prince in weightie mat- ters for iustice, are created after trial made of their learning: but the other which serue in smaller affaires, as Captaines. constables, sergeants by land and sea, receiuers and such like, whereof there be in eucry citie, as also in this, very many, are made for fauour: the chieic Louteas are serued kneeling. The whole prouince of China is diuided, as I haue .said, into 13. shires, in euery shire at the least is one gouernour called there Tutan, in some shires there be two. Chiefe in office next vnto them be certaine other named Chians, that is, high Coni- missioners as you would say, or visiters, with full authoritie in such wise, that they doe rail vnto an accompt the Tutans themselues, but their authoritie lasteth not in any shire lon<>(T then one yere. Neuerthelc.nse in euery shire being at the least 7. cities, yea, in some cif them 15. or 16. beside other boroughcs and townes not well to be numbred, these visiti'm where they come are so honoured and feared, as though ihey were some great princes. M the ycres end, their circuit done, they come vnto that Citie which is chiefe of others in the shire, to do iustice there: finally busying themselues in the searching out of such as are tu receiue the order of Louteas, whereof more shalbe said in another place. Ouer and besides these officers, in the chiefe City of ech one of these aforesaid l.i. pro- uinces, is resident one Ponchiassi, Capiaine thereof, and treasurer of all the kings reuonucs. This Magistrate maketh his abo. .5' »M VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Repona of Chhia. ftthion. •he betted iort, then may he haue two, three, or foure : the principall and chiefe loufcat may haue all their hatu ycalnw, (he which among them ixaccompted great honour. The l.ou. tea for wnrre!), although he be but meane, may notwithManding haue yealow hat*. TheTti- tans and rhiansi, when they gne abroad, haue beflideii all this before them ledde three or foure horiih their guard in armour. Furthermore the LouteaM, yea and all the people of China, are wont to eate their meatc lifting on Moolc!* at high tabl'cx at we doe, and that very clcanely, although they vsc neither lable-clothen nor napkins. Whatnoeuer is set downe vpon the boord is first earned before that it be brought in: they feede with two sticks, refraining from touching their meatc with ur.thit,i,(ii< their hands, euen as we do with forkes: for the which respect they lesse do neede any tabic i(ai|iM.ndSi-j. c|„,|,p^ Nc is the nation only ciuill at meate, but also in conueraalion, and in courtesie thev seeme to exceede all other. Likewise in their dealings after their maner they are so re.idy, that thev farre passe all other Gentiles and Moores : the greater states are so vaine, that they line their rlothrs with the best silke that may be found. The Louteas are an idle generation, without all maner of exerrises and pastimes, except it be eating and drinking. Sometime^ they walkc abroad in the fields to make the souldiera shoot at pricks with their bowcs, hut their eating pasteth : they will stand eating euen when the other do draw to shoot. The pricke is a great blanket spread on certaine long poles, he that striketh it, hath of the best man ihrrc standing a piece of crimson TafTata, the which is knit about his head: in this sort the winnen be honoured, and the Louteas with their bellies full returne home againr. The inhabiianu of China be very great Idolaters, all generally doe worship the heauens : and, as w ec arc are wont to say, (Bod knoweth it: so say they at euery word, Tien Tautee, that is to say, Thr heauens doe know it. Some doc worship the Sonne, and some the Moone, as they thinkc good, for none are bound more to one then to another. In their temples, the which they Afitrihc Dutch do Call Mcani, they haue a great altar in the same place as we haue, true it is that one may goe roimd about it. There set they vp the image of a certaine Loutea of that countrey, whom they haue in great reuerence for certaine notable things he did. At the right hand standeth the diuel much more vgly painted then we doe vse to set him out, whereunto great homage is done by such as come into the temple to aske counsell, or to draw lottes ; this opinion they haue of him, that he is malicious and able to do eiiil. If you aske them what they do thiiike of the soules departed, they will answere that they be immnrtall, and that as soone ns any one departeth out of this life, he becommcth a diuel if he haue lined well in this world, if other- wise, that the same diuel changeth him into a bufle, oxe, or dogge. Wherefore to this di- uel they doe much honour, to him doe they sac/Ifice, praying him that he will make them like viito himselfe, and not like other beastes. They haue moreouer another sort of temples, wherein both vpon the altars and also on the walls do stand many idols well proportioned, but bare headed; these beare name Omithnfon, accomptcd of them spirits, but suih at ir> heauen doe neither good nor euill, thoiij^ht to be su( h men and women as haue chastly liud in this world in abstinence from fi-ih and flesh, fed onely with rise and salates. Of that diuel they make some accompi : for these spirits theycare title or nothing at all. Againe ihry hoMe opinion that if a man do well in this life, the heauens will giue him many temporall blevs- ingt, but if he doe euil, then shall he haue inlirmitie<<, diseases, troubles, and pc nurir, and all this without any knowledge of God. Finally, this people knoweth no other thing then to liue and die, yet because they be reasonable creature^, all seemed good vnto them we epeake in our language, though it wore not very sulbcirnt : our maner of praying especially pirated ihcm, and truely they are well ynongh dispo«einted so suddenly and speedily discharged againe, that they hauenotimc to grow naught. Furthermore to koepe the state in more securitie, the Louteas that gouerne one shire are chosen out of some other shire distant farre olF, where they must leaue their wiues, children and goods, carying nothing with them but themselues. True it is, that at their comming thither they doc finde in a re.-)dinesse all things necessary, their house, furniture, seruants, and all other things in such perfection and plentie, that they want nothing. Thus the king is well senietl without all fearc of treason. In the principall Cities of the shires be foure chiefe Louteas, before whom are brought all matters of the inferiour Townes, throughout the whole Realme. Diuers other Louteas haue Ihc managing of iusiicc, and rcceiuing of rents, bound to yeelde an accompt thereof vnto the greater ofliccrs. Other do see that there be no cnil rule kept in the Citie : ech one as it bchouelh him. (icnrrally all these doe imprison malefactors, cause them to be whipped and nicked, hoysing (hem vp and downe by the armcs with a cord, a thing very vsuall there, and accompted no shame. These Louteas do vsc great diligence in the apprehending of Thtieai theeiies, so that it is a wonder to see a theefe escape away in any City, towne or village. "^ Vpon the sea nccrc vnto the shoarc many are taken, and looke euen as lliey are taken, so be they first whipped, and afterward layde in prison, where shortly after they all die for hunger and cold. At that time when we were in prison, there died of them aboue threescore and ten. If happcly any op<. h.iuing the menncs to get food, do escape, he is set with the con- demned persons, and |> >M;(ed for as they be by the King, in such wise as hereafter it shalbe baid. Their whips be certaine j leces of canes, cleft in the middle, in such sort that they seeme rather plaine then shiirpe. He that is to be whipped lieth groueling on the ground: vjMn hii tliighcs the hangman layeth on blowes mightily with these canes, that the standers by tremble at their crucltie. Ten stripes dr.iw a great deale of blood, 20. or 30. spoile the flesh altogether, 50. or 60. will require long time to bee healed, and if they come to the number of one hundred, then arc they incurable. The Louteas obserue moreouer this : when any man is brought before them to be ex- amii)cd, they aske him openly in the hearing of as many as be present, be the olTence neuer so great. Thus did they also behauc themselues with vs : For this cause amongst them can there be no false witne.sse, as daily amongst vs it fnlleth out. This good commeth thereof, that many being alwayes about the ludge to hcare the eiiidence, and beare witnesse, the pro- ccsse ctll it th< stti" il :>59. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Heporti nf China. • ^1 i!' OJ ■ \I ■I ,"''|M i. h' A ptllory rmxe rannot be raUifletl, m it hapneneth inmetimcA with vi. The Moorcii, GentilcM, and Iewe« haiie nil tlicir iiundry nthc», inc MoorcK do Hweare by their Mmtarun, the Brachman<« by their Fili, the rent tilcewiNe by the thing* they do worthip. The Chinrann though they be wont to Hwi'arc by heaiten, by the Moonc, by the Sunne, and by all their Idoleii, in iinlge- mcnt neiuTlhclcfwe they wwoare not at all. If for Home oflcncc un othc be vMed of any nrip, by and by with the lra.tt eiiidence he ii tormented, »o be the witnemei he bringcth, if they tell nut the trueih, or do in any point dinagree. except they be men of wonhip and credit, who are beleeued without any further matter: the rei»t arc made to confeiisc tiie triicih by force of torinentM and wltips*. Botideit ihii« order obaenied of them in examination)*, ihcy do fcare oo much their King, and he where he maketh hi* abode keepeth them no lowr, ilmt they dare not once Mtirre. Againe, lhe**c Louteas aa great as they be, iiotwithfltandinj; the multitude of Notaries they haue, not trusting any others, do write all great iirorcsxrs and matter!* of importance ihemwelues. Moreouer one vertue they haue worthy ol great prainc, and that i", bring men so wel regarded and accomptcd as though they were nrinccN, \e\ they be patient aboue measure in giuing audience. We poore strangers brought before ihc-ni mi);ht say what we would, as all to be lyes and fallaces that they did write, nc did we Htaiui before them with the vsuall ceremonies of that Countrey, yet did they beare with vs ko pa. tiently, that they caused vs to wonder, knowing specially how title any aduocate or ludgc is wont in our Countrey to beare with vs. For wheresoeuer in any Towne of Christcn- domc should l>e accused vnknowrn men as we were, I know not what end the very innorcni* cause would haue : but we in a heathen Countrey, hauing our great enemies two of ihc chiefest men in a whole Towne, wanting an interpreter, ignorant of that Countrey langua^T, did in the end see our great aduersaries cast into prison for our sake, and drpriued of ihrir Oflices and honour for not doing iustice, yea not to escape death : for, as the rumour gncth, they shalbe beheaded. Somewhat is now to be said of the lawes that I haue bene able id know in this Countrey, and first, no theft or murther is at any time pardoned : adulterers nrr put in prison, and the fact once proued, are condemned to die, the womans husband nuiM accuse them : this order is kept with men Si women found in that fault, but iheeues ,ind murderers are imprisoned as I haue said, where they shortly die for hunger and < old. If any one happely escape by bribing the Gailer to giue him meat?, his proressc goeth further, and commclh t'l the Court where he is condemned to die. Sentence being giuen, the prisoner i^ brought in publique with a terrible band of men that lay him in Irons hand and foot, with a bnord at his necke one handfull broad, in length reaching dowiie to his knees, cleft in two parts, and with a hole one handfull downeward in the table lit for his necke, the whii h they indosr vp therein, nailing the boord fast together; one handfull of the l)oord siaiidfih vp behinde in the iictke: The sentence and cause wherefore the fellon was condemned to die, is written in that part of the table that standeth before. This ceremony ended, he is laid in a great prison in the company of some other con- demned persons, the which are found by the kmg as long as they do line. The bord afnrc- ^aid so made tcrmenteth the prisoners very much, keeping them both from re^t, & eke Icitin;; them to eat cOmodiously, their hands being manacled in irons vnder that boord, so that in line there is no remedy but death. In the chiel'e Cities of eucry shire, as we haue erst -uid, there be foure principall houses, in ech of them a prison : but in one of them, where the Taissu maketh his abode, there is a greater and a more principal prison then in any cf t!:e rest : and although in euery City there be many, neuerlhelcsse ni three of them reinainc onely such as be condemned to die. Their death is much prolonged, for that ordinarily tiicrc is no execution done but once a yeere, though many die for hunger and cold, as we haue scene in this prison. Execuiion U done in this maner. The Chian, to wit, tl'e high Com- missioner or Lrd chiefe Iustice, at the yeres tnil goeth to the head City, where he heanili auaine the causes of such as be condemned. Many times he deliuercth some of them, de- claring y boord to haue bene wrongfully put about their necks : the visitation ended, he choscth iii:t seuen or eight, not many more or le-se of the greatest malefactors, the wliii h, to fcare and keepe in awe the people, arc brouglit into a great market place, where all the great V! M Reports of China. Reports of China. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 553 great Loufcas mortc together, and after many ceremonies and Huperatilionii, t» tlic viiriki'lh him thrise on the head with an yron sledge, that done he is dch'uered vnto his IVieiuU, if he haue any, otherwise the king hireth men to cary him to his litiriall in the lieiils. Thus adulterers and theeucs are vsed. Such as be imprisoned for debt once knowen, lie there viilil ii be p.iied. The Taissu c)r Loutea callelh them many times before him by the vcrtue of his office, who vndcrslanding the cau>e wherefore they do not pay their debts, ap- pointclh ihim a tertainc lime to do it, within llic comi)as.se whereof if they disch.ir'c not liuir debts being debiers in deed, then they be ^^ hipped and condemned to perpetuall im- prisonment : if the creditors be many, and one is lo be paied before another, they do, con- irary to our maiier, pay him first of whom they last borrowed, and so ordinarily the rest, in such sort that liie lir->i lender be the last rcceiucr. The s:nne order is kept in paying legacies: the last named rcceineth his pnriion tirst. They accompt it nothing to shew fauour to .such a of I'k' t befuie ihe fn-st, for tliat their intent seemcth rather to be vcrluoiis ihen gainef'ull. When I ^aid, that siirii as be committed to pri>^oii lor thefl and niurther were iudged by llie t'cuirl, I ment not tiiciu thai were ajiprclu iidcd in tlie deed doing, for they need no trial!, hut are brought inimedially belore the Tiilan, who out of hand giuelh sentence. Other not VOL. II. 4 B taken -^» T'H V [ M U .11 'AM VOYACrS, NAUIGATTONS, Kfporit qf China. taken tA openly, which do need trial, arc llir mnlrfartont put to exrrution nni'c> a yerr in the chiefe cilic», to kcepc in owe the people : or rondrmncd, do rcmainc in priMoii, looking Utr their day. ThceutM bcinjf taken arc raried t" prison from one place to anoili< r in a < hent vpon mens NhouldcrM, hired therefore by the kin;?, llie « hett U f». haniirnU hixh, the pilsi.nrr •iticth therein vpon a bench, the roiier ol the rhrti i* two boDrdt, amid them both ;i pi;i,rv. like hole, for the priHoncr* nccke, tliire >titlclh he wiih hit he.id without the c hrti, .iiul ilu. rent of hiN body within, not able t<> niiHUie or iMrne hi* head thin way or that way. imr |„ pluckc it in : the necen»ilie!« <'f nature hr voydcth :\t a holo in the bottome of the rhcvi, ili(. mcate he eateth is put into his nioulh by Dthcnt. Tlirrc nbidclh he day and ni^hi duriii;; hln whole iourney : if happily his porters stumble, or lh«- rlic-t do i'ij<>5«' "•" he "Ci dnwnr ( ,irc. lessly, it turneth lo bin j;reat p.iines that siilcth ihtrrin, a' such moiioiix lu-i.in \nto hint li.ihi;. iiig as it were. Thus were our c<)m[iani<>ns j-.iried fro Cinifo, 7. «laie-. journey, ncuer t.il ini; any rest as afterward they told ^s, & their gn-ale-.! uriele was to slii\ by the way : as s. on,. ;us thfV rame, beinj; taken out of ihi- (bests, they were not able tn stand on ih ir fcrt, iinj fuflui«». iu(i of them died shortly after. When wc l.iv in prison at riii|iiieo, we r.imc in. my limes abroad, iV were l)rouj'ht to lIu- p:illai rs cf nnbli- men, to br secnc of them A: their wnicw, lor that iluy had nener seene any l'ortiina!e before. Many thing's ihey asked \s oi i nr C'ountrey, and cur fiwhions, \; did writo rucry Ihinij, fur they be curious in noiu'liic^ Hirecf iuf»if. aboue measure. The j;entlcmen shew jjrcat courtoie ynto sir.nmers, and so tlld \,(. liiide at their hands, and liecause that many tinie^ wr were briij;hi abroad into ihi- Cliv, Hoinewhal wil I sav of such things as I ilid soi- therein, bci'jf a i;ailant City , and < hieli In l)li.h very much the City, and make it as it were to seeme another Venice. The buildings .irc men, wel made, high, not lofted, except it be some wherein marchandi/e is laid. It i< a world to see how great these cities are, and the cause is, for that the houses are hmlt euen, as I haue said, & do take a great deale of roome. One thing we saw in this cii\ ih.it made vs al to yvonder, and is yvorthy to be noted : namely, oner a porch at the ci mmin;; in to one of the aforesaid 4. hcniiies, which the king hath in euery shire for his gouernors, ,i« 1 haue erst said, staiuleth a tower built vpon 40. pillers, cch one whereof is but one stone, cell one if). handfniH or spans long : in bredth or comp.^s(ie 12, as many of vs did measure them. Besides this, their greatnessc is sucli in one piece, that it might seeme impossible to wnrkc them t they be tnoreouer cornered, and in colour, length and breadth so like, that the one nothing differeth from the other. This thing made vs all to wonder yery much. We are wont to cal thin country China, and the people Chineans, but as long as we were prisoners, not hearing amongst them at any time that name, I determined lolearne how they were called: and anked somefimesi by them thereof, for that they vnderstood vs not whcii we called them Chineans, I ansyvered them, thatal the inhabitants of India named them (hi- neani, wherefore I praied them that they would tcl me, for what occasio they arc ho called, whether peraduenture any city of theirs bare that name. Hereunto they alwayes answcrcil xNMi Kffort* i\f China. in pnro a verr in the n ))ri>«>M, liiokihK '^"■° li> anolli' r in a ihc»t iiUhinh. »!"' |i"i"i« iir lif xcl wi\f t.irc- lu'i.'H Mil" '*''" li.ini;. iotiriiry, nrm'r i.il.iiin l)y llu' W'>>; • "•* "' ""<" laiid on ih ir tVcl, and %,o raiiH' many (imos ihcm iV tlH-ir which, lIu'V atWrtl N^ ol . iir )c turidU'* in noiulint iimrrx, ami ho iliti vvr abroad into tin- (i'v, ant Cilv. ami diu'li in iV niinl'lily wallnl with hrradlh thrn T. liUnl M' ylr. alur the man.r d V vm- arc -o ca-ily ni.Mc, ilipv ilo: tin" "tircctM irc ..rciiinl-, ''lUTV onr h.iili 11 likf maiur curry .irii- lulamc of ill thinn* tlutr null it, the banks pinli.d, iriMmi arc sundry l^ridurt m, hinder not the pi^ !;;>' strcaincH come in ami no their Tarai, thai is a kiiul arches are closed \\) wiili » and l)arncs d» enn<>l)li-h cnire. The hnildin^is ,irc arthandi/.c is laid. It i" i that Ihc houses are l)iult mi; we saw in this cil\ thai J porch at the c. nuniii)i m hire for his ^rouernors, :i* 1 iicrcol' t* hut one stone, ci h nv of vs did measure them. sccme impossible to work readih so like, that the une Ur very much. »ns, but as h.nn as we were tcrmincdtolearnc how ihcy ey vndcrstood vs not wlu ii sof India named ihemChi- t occasiO ihcy are fO called, into they alwavcs ans-wcrcd lue Rtporit of China, TnAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 535 me, ^ they haiie no mucIi name, nor euer had. Then did I aske ihem what name the whola Country bearcth, 8c what they would annwcrc bcinjj asked of other nalionn what countrymen they were i It was told me that of ancient lime in thii* country had bin many king*, & thouKh presently it wore al vnder one, eeh kingdom iieuerllicleM cninycd that name it flrat had, thcita kiuKdomcs are the prouinccx I spake of before. In concluaion they uid, that the whole counirv in lalled Tamen, & Ihe innabitanis Tumeginoi, no tiiat thia name China or Chineann, T.m.n d,, is not neard of in V country. I Ihinke that the ncerncssc of another prnuince therabnut called p«n^t ium> Cochinchina, & the inhabitants therof CochincsitcM, firMt discouered before China wan, lying °"'""'' not far from Nfaljcca, did \iitte (iccasion In e(h of the nations, of that name Chincan*, as also the whole country to be named China, iiui their proper name Ik that aforesaid. I haue heard morcuucr that in the City of N,iui|uim remainelh a table of gold, and in it written a kin>;s name, as a memory of that residence the kings wtiX wont to keepc there. This table standelh in a great pallace, couered alwaycs, except it be on «ome of their fc*- liuall dayes, at what time they are wont lo let it be scene, couered ncucrthelciwie an it is, all Ihe nobilitie of the Cilv going of duelic to due it cuery day reucrencc. The like ii« done in ihe licid Cities of ull the other shires in the pailaccsof the Ponchia.sHini, wherein these afore- said tallies doe stand with the kings name written in them, although no reucrencc be done thereunto but in solcmnc feastes. I hauc likewise vnderstood that the City Pachin, where the king maketh his abode, in io Pochin, »r, great, that lo go from one side to the other, besides the Suburbs, the which arc greater then ''*''""' the City it selfe, it requirclh one whole day a horsebac k, going hackney pasc. In the suburlw br many wealthy inarchants of all sorts. They told me furthermore that it was moted about, and in the motes great store of (Ish, whereof the kiiii; maketh great gaines. It was also told me that the king of (.'hina had no king lo wage liattcl withall, bcsidcfi theThc> Tartars, with whom he had i:oncliided :i peace more then 81). yercs ago. Neucrthelesse their"'"" friendship was not so great, that the one nation might marry with the other. And demand- int; with whom they married, they said, that in 4ildc time the Chinish kings when they would Mjnuitar marry tiieir dan^liiers, accustomed to make a solemne feast, whercunto came all sorts of men. 'll'.^"*' ..,.,, t I . I • . I t ■ . , ■ i, ■ t»iW«l» Ihe daughter tliai was to be married, stood in a place where she might see ihem all, and looke whom she liked best, him did she c liuse to husband, and if happely he were of a base condition, bee became by and by .i gentleman : but this custome hath bene left long since. Now a dayes ilie king marrieih his daughters al his owne pleasure, with great men of the kingtlume : tiie like order he obserueth in the marriage of his sonncs. Tliey hiiie morcouer one thing very good, and that which m.ide vs all to mnrticile at them being (icntiles : namely, that there be hospitals in all their Cities, alwaycs full of people, we neuer saw any poore body bfgge. We therefore asked the cause of this : answered it Hcipniinh wa*, iliat in eiierv City there is a great circuit, wherein be many houses for poore people, for i'|',',Il'||,|,'[^ hliiulc, lame, old foikc, nut able to trauaile forage, nor iiaiiing any other mcaneu to line. <•" c.nci.for These fojkr haue in the aforesaid houses euer plentie of rice during ihcir lines, but nothing ',", "tl*"" £^1" il>e. .Sucli .IS be n'l ciued into these hoU'Cs, come in after this maner. When one is sickc, g«". "■yo" liliiulc or lame, he m.il.cth a supplication lo the Ponchiassi, and pr.aiing that to be true lie r""dy,Vw4tming wrilclh, he rcm,iineth in the aforesaid great lodging as long as he liucth : besides this d.^y ouioiutti. keepe in these places swinc and hcnncs, whcreiiy the poore be relieued without going a l'CV,!;i"g .... ^ 1 laid before lliai China was full of riuers, but now I ininde to confirme the same anew: ' fur the fartlicr we went into the Counirey, ilie greater we found the riiiers. .Sometimes we were so f.irrc oil' rrnm the sea, that where we came im sea fish had bene scene, and salt was llicre very dcare, of Fresh water lisli yet was there great abundance, and that lish very good: lluy kee|) it goi d after this maner. Where the riuers do meete, and so passe into the sea, ilicre lii'lli gre.ii store of boats, spec iaily where no salt-water coniaieth, and that in March and April. Tiicse boaies are so many that it seeincth wondcrrull, ne seme they for other then to take small lish. Hy the riiiers sitles tliey make leyres of line and strong nettcs, that he three handfuls viulcr water, and one alioiic to keepc and nourish their lish in, vntill such \ I! '.' time ^. w I ' ^l>.|! ,i I f ' %\\*. 556 Meancstofit Ilr ^leaketh of tutiuicii shiic* AlUi Cenchi. Th« Kingi re- VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Reports of aiina. time as other fishers do come with boates, bringing for that purpose certaine great chests lined with paper, able to holde water, wherein they cary their fish vp and downe the riuer, euery day reniiing the chest with fresli water, and selling their fish in cuery City, tiwne and village where they passe, vnto the people as they ncede it : most of them haiie net leyres to keepe fish in alwayes for their proiiision. Where the greater boates cannot passe any furtlicr forward, they talte lesser, and because the whole Countrcy is very well watered, there is so great plenty of diners sorts of fish, that it is wonderfiill to see : assuredly we were amazed to behold the maner of their prouision. Their fUsh is chiefly nouri-hcd with the dung of Bufles and oxen, that greatly fatteth it. Although I said their fishing to be in Afairh and April at what time we saw them do it, neuerthelesse they told vs that tlcy fished at ail times, for that vsually they do feed on fish, wherefore it behouetli them to make their prouision con- tinually. When we had passed Fuquien, we went into Quicin shire, wliere the fine clay vessel! is made, as I said before : and we came to a City, the one side whereof is built vpon the footc of a hill, whereby passeth a riuer nauigable : there we tooke boat, and went by water toward the Sea: on ech side of the riuer wc fdund many Cities, Towncs and villages, wherein we saw great store of marchaiidize, but spcciallv of fine clay : there did wc land by the way to buy victuals and other necessaries. Going downe this riuer Southward, we were gl;ui liia't wee drew neere vnto a warmer Countrcy, from whence we had bene f.irre distant : this Cmin- trey wc passed through in eight dayes, for our iiuirney lay downe the streame. Before that 1 doe say any thing of that shire we came into, I will first speakc of the great City of Quicin, wherein alwayes remaincth a Tutan, that is a gouernour, as you hauc scene, though sunic Tutans do gouernc two or three shires. That Tutan that was condemned for our cause, of whom I «|)ake before, was borne in this Countrcy, but he goucrncd Foquicn shire: nothing it auailed liiin to be so great an ofTirer. This Countrcy is so great, that in many places where wc went, there had bene as yet notaike of his death, although he were excrutcd a whole ycrc before. At the Citie Quanchi whiihcr we came, the riuer was so great that it seemed a Sen, though it were so title where wc tooke water, that we needed small boats. One day about I', of the clocke, beginning to row ncero the walls with the streame, we came at noonc to a bridge made of many barges, oucriinknl al together with two mightie chcines. There stayed we vntill it was late, but we saw nut one go cither vp thereon or downe, except two Loutcas that about the going downe of ihc Sonne, came ami set them downe there, the one on one side, the other on the other side. Then was the bridge opened in many places, and barges both great and small to the ninnhcr of sixe hundred began to passe: those that went vp the streame at one place, such as came downe at an other. When ail h.id thus shot the iiridgc, then was it shut vp againc. We hearc say that euery day they take this order in all principall places of marchandizc, for payinj; ( I' the Cusfomc vnto the king, specially for salt, whereof the greatest rcucnucs are made that the king hath in this Countrcy. The passages of the bridge where it is opened, be so nrere theshoare, that nothing can passe without touching the same. To stay the barges at their pleasure, timt they goe no further forward, are vscd certaine iron instruments. The brid};e consistcth of 112. barges, there stayed wc vntill the euening that they were opened, I ih- somely oppressed by the multitndc of people that came to sec vs, so many in number, lh..t we were enforced to go aside from the banke vntil such time as the bridge was opened : hnw- bcit we were neuerlhelcssc thronged about with many boates full of peoj)le. And lho'.i;;h in other Cities and places where we went, the people came .so importunate vpon vs, that it was necdfull to withdraw our sclucs: yet were we here much more molotcd for (he number 1 1 people: & this bridge is the principall way out of the Citie vnto another place so we! iniia- bited, that were it walled about, it might be compared to the Citie. When we had shot the bridge, we kept along the Citie vntil it w.xs night, and then met wc with an other riuer that ioyncd with this, wc rowed vp that by the walls vntill we came to another bridge gallanily made of barges, but lesser a great dcale then that other bridge oner the greater streame : here stayed we that night, and other two dayes with more quiet, being out of the prcasse of the Iteports of China. ertaine great chests ind downe the riucr, uery City, tnwne and !m haue net Icyres to not passe any furttior 1 watered, there is so ciUy we were ama/cd lied with the dung of cr to be in Afarc'i and . cy (ishcd at all times, kc their prouision con- ihe fine clay vcssicll is ':( built vpon the fontc went by water lowanl I villages, wherein wc id we land by the way ivard, we were gl;u! tliat lirre distant : thisCcnin- sireame. Before that 1 c great City of Qiiicin, uc scene, though some cforc, was borne in this o be so great an oflicer. hail bene as yet no talke le Citie Quanchi whiiiur f so litle where we toi'kc beginning to row nccro many barges, oucrlini^C(l as late, but we f-aw not the going downe of the other on ll>e other side. [ and small to the nunilier one pl.ice, such as i amc shut vp againe. We hearc larchandi/.e, for paying d' [ reuenues are made that it is opened, be so iiccre stay the barges at tluir instruments. The briii;;e they were opened, 1 ih- so many in number, ih.t ! bridge w.is opened : how- [.f people. And thoiij;h in tunatc vpon vs, that it «:i- nolested for the number < I another place so uel iniia- ic. When we had shot the we with an other riuer that o another bridge gallanily ; ouer the greater strcaine : being out of the prcasse nf Reports of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Wf the people. These riucrs do meet without at one comer point of the City. In either of them were so many barges great and small, that we all thought them at the least to be aboue three thousand : the greater number thereof was in the lesser riuer, where .^e were. Amongst the rest here lay certaine greater vessels, called in their language Parai, that serue for the Tutan, P««» when he taketh his voyage by other riuers that ioync with this, towards Pachin, where the king maketh his abode. For, as many times I haue erst said, all this Countrey is full of riuers. Desirous to see those Parai we got into some of them, where we found some chambers set foorth with gilded beds very richly, other furnished with tables and seats, and all other things so neat and in perfection, that it was wonderfull. Quiacim shire, as farre as I can perceiue, lieth vpon the South. On that side we kept at our first entry thereinto, trauayling not farre from the high mnuntaines we saw there. Asking what people dwelleth beyond those monntaines, it was told me that they be theeues & men of a strange language. And because that vnto sundry places neere this riuer the monntaines doe approch, whence the people issuing downe do many times great harme, this order is taken at the entry into Quiacim shire. To guard this riuer whereon continually go to & fro Parai ;;reat & small fraught with salt, fish poudred with peper, and other necessa- Fif ri- ■.icrfroin the Ciij'ijriifJ. At CaiMii. Kiurrs ouer- tVoscti in China. Ali Atioiiis. Tartars. Mount Viont. Mogorci. Blfwrsof grrit price lu China. B'liuc*. .*> rheiiLl.i to thr whereunto they all resort euery Friday to keepe their holy day. But, as I thinke, that will no longer endure, then whiles they doe liue that came from thence, for their posteritie u so conrused, that they haue nothing of a Moore in them but abstinence from swines flesh, and yet many of them doe eatc thereof priuily. They tell mee that their natiue Countrey hath name Camarian, a firme land, wherein be many kings, and the Indish countrey well knowen vnto them. It m^rw) be: for as soone as they did see our seruants (our seruants were Preu- zaretes) they iudged them to be Indians: many of their wordes sounded vpon the Persia,) tongue, but none of vs coulde vndcrstand them. I asked them whether they conuertcd any «)f the Chinish nation vnto their secte : they answered mee, that with much a doe they con- uertcd tlie women with whom they doe marry, yeelding me no other cause thereof, but the diflicultie they finde in them to be brought from eating swines flesh and drinking of wine. I am pcrswaded therefore, that if this Countrey were in league with vs, forbidding them neither of both, it would be an easie matter to draw them to our Religion, from their super- stition, whereat they themselues do lau^h when they do their idolatry. I I)nuc 'earned moreouer that the Sea, whereby these Moores that came to China were wont to trauaile, is*a very great gulfe, that fallcth into this Countrey out from Tartaria and Persia, leauing on the other side all the Countrey of China, and land of the Mogores, draw- ing alwaycs toward the South: and of all likelyhood it i.s cuen so, because that ihexc Moores, the which we haue scene, he rather brownc then white, whereby they shewc themselues to come from some warmer Countrey then China is neere to Pachin, where the riucrs are froscn in llic Winter for colde, and many of them su vehemently, that carts may passe oucr them. We did see in this Citie many Tartars, Mogores, Brames, and Laoyncs, both men and wo- men. The Tartars are men very white, good horsemen and archers, confining with China on that side where Pachin slandeih, separated from thence by great moinitaines that arc bctwi.yt these kingdomes. Oner them be certaine wayes to passe, and for both sides, Castles con- tinually kept with Souliliers: in time past the Tartars were wont alwayes to haue warrcs witli the Cliineans, but these fourcscore yeercs past they were quiet, vntill the second yeere of our imprisonment. The Mogores be in like maner white, and hcathi-ii, wc are aduertincd that of one side they border vpon these Tartars, and confine with the Persian Tartars on the other side, whereof wee sawe in them some tokens, as their maner of clothes, and that kinde ofliat the Saracens doe wcare. Tiie Moores aflirmed, that where the king Iveth, there be many Tartars and Mogores, that brought into China certaine blewes of great value: all we thoujiht it to be Vanil of Cambaia wont to be sold at Ormiis. So that this is tlie true situation of that Countrey, not in the North parts, as many times I haue heard sav, cim- fininj; with (jcrnianie. As for the Hranu's we haue scene in this city Chenchi certaine men & women, amonyvt whom there was one tliat laine not long since, hauing as \et her haire tied vp after the I'f- jiues lasiiion: this woman, and other nio with whom a black Moore dam.sel in our coinpanv had conference, and did vndcrstand them wcl ynoiigh, had dwelt in Pc^u. This new tcnic unman, iinai;inini; that \vc mcnt to make onr abode in that citie, bid \s to be of good ((iiii- fort, for that her countrey was not distant from thence aboue liue daycs iourncy, and th.il mit of her countrey tliere lay a hii;h way for vs home into our owne. lU-ing asked llie wav, sin- answered that tlie first tiircc daics the way lieth oner certaine <;rcat monntaines & wilder- nesse, alierward people .ire met withall agnine. Thence two daycs iourncy more to tin; Brames countrey. Whcrefdrc I doe conclude, that Chenchi is one of the confines of ilii-i kingdome, separated by certaine huge monntaines, as it hath bene alrcailie said, thai licoiii towards the South. In the residue of iliese mouiit:iines standeth the proniiicc of Siaii, (lie Laoyiis Cdunlrex, Canihoia, Campaa, and Corhinchina. This citie chicle of other siMeene is situated in a pleasant plaine abounding in all thinu;s nc- cessarie, sea-(ish 'incly exce|)le(l, for it standeth farrc rroinihesea: of fresh lish so mui li store, that the market places are ncner eniptic. The walles of this city arc very strong; and lii;;li; one day diil I see the Louteas thereof go \pon the walles to take the \iew tliercol, borne in their Beporta of China. Reports of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. &&9 their seates which I spake of berore, accompanied with a troupe of horsemen that went two and two : It was tolde me they might hauc gone three & three. We haue seene moreouer, that within this aforcsayd Citie : the king hath moe then a thou<)ande of his kinne lodged in great pallaces, in diners partes of the Citie : their gates be redde, and the entrie info their houses, that tiiey may be knowcn, for that is the kings colour. These Gen^emen, accoriiing to their ncerencsse in blood vnfo the king, as soone as they be married receiue their place in honour : this place neither increascth nor diminishcth in any resprct as long as the king liueth, the king appoinleth them their wines and familie, allowing them by the moneth all things necessaiie abundantly, as he doth to his gouernours of shires and Cities, howbcit, not one- of these hath as long as he liueth any charge or goueruement at all. They giuc thcmselues to eating and drinking, and be for the most part burly n-en of bodie, insomuch that espying any one of them whom we had not seene before, we might knowe him to be the King his co- »\n. Thev be neucrthclcsse very pleasant, courteous, and faire conditioned : neither did we find, all the time wee were in that citie, so much honour and good intertainement any where as at their hands. Tiiey bid vs to their houses to eate and drinke, and when they found vs not, or wc were not willing to go with them, they bid our seruants and slaues, causing them to sit downe with the lir:ilj, if he see occasion, steale a greater thing. It may be theft is so seuerelv punished of tliciii. lor that the nation is oppressed with scarcitie of all things necessary, and so pnore, lii;it ciu ii for iniserie they strangle their owne children, preferring death before want These Icilovvo doe iicilher eate nor kill aiiv foule. They Hue thiefely by fish, hearbes, and fruites, s(- healih- fully, tliat they die \erv old. Ol Kice and Wheat there is no gre.it store. No man is ash;imtil there of hi- ii- iicriie, neither be their gentlemen therefore Icssc honoured ^f'Jie meaner people, neither uii. <■ poorest gentleman there match his diilde with the baser sort for any gainc, so inmh they do make more account of gentry then of wealth. The greatest delight iIkn bane is in armour, each boy at loiirlecne yeeres of age, be he borne gentle or other\Ni»c, hath his sword and dagger: very good arthers they be, tonfemning all other nations in mm- parison of their manhood and prowesse, putting not vp one iniurie lie it iieuer so sni.ili in wordeor deede, among theniselues. They f'cede moilerately, but they drinke largely. Ihe Vse of vines they knowe not, their drinke they make of Rice, \iterlv they doe :ilihorre liiic, and all games, accounting iiothin>; more vile in a man, then to giue himsell'e vnto ihoe tilings that make vs greedy and desirous to get other mens goods. If at any time tluv do swe.ire, for that seldome they are wont to iloe, they sweare by the Sunne: many of them ;irc fau;rht good letters, whcrfore thev may so much the sooner be bnught vnto ("iiri-iiaiiiiii. I-.aih one is contented with oiu- wife: they be all desirous to learne, & naturally iniliniil vnto hiiiesty t delight llu\ lorne gentle or other\»i-f, r alt other nations in t um- rif he it neucr so small in ihcv drinke largely- llic ltIv' they doe alihorre dm', gii'ie himselle vnto iln«f 1. If at anv lime ility do Sunne: many of llieni arc dr. ught vnto riiri«liaiiiiie. •arne, & naturally inilinal especiallv wlu' they vndn- c lirst plate is due vnto ilu- hluli Reports of lapan. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 561 high Priest, by whose lawes & decrees all publike and priuate matters appertayning to reli- gion are decided. The sects of their clergie men, whom they doe call Bonzi, be of no es- timation or authoritie except the high Priest by letters patent doe confirme the same: he confirmeth and alloweth of their Tundi, who be as it were Bishops, although in many places they are nominated by sundry Princes. These Tundi are greatly honoured of all sorts : they doe giue benefices vnto inferiour ministers, and do grant licences for many things as to eate flesh vpon those daycs they goe in pilgrimage to their Idoles with such like priuileges. Finally, this high Priest wont to be chosen in China for his wisedome and learning, made in lapan for his gentry and birth, hath so large a Dominion and reuenues so great, that cftsones he beardeth the petie Kings and Princes there. Their second principal Magistrate, in their language Vo, is the chiefe Herehaught, made by succession and birth, honoured as a God. This gentleman neuer touchcth the ground with his foote without forfaiting of his office, he neuer goeth abroad out of his house, nor ia at all times to be scene. At home he is either carried about in a litter, or els he goeth in woodden Chop- pines a foote high from the ground : commonly he sitteth in his chaire with a sword in one side, and a bow and arrowes in the other, next his bodie he wcareth blacke, his outward garments be red, all shadowed ouer with Cypresse, at his cappe hang certaine Lambeaux much like vnto a Bishops Miter, his forehead is painted white and red, he eateth his meat in earthen dishes. This Herehaught determineth in all Japan the diuerse titles of honour, whereof in that Ilancl is great picntie, each «)ne particularly knowen by his badge, commonly scene in sealing vp their letters, and dayly altered according to their degrees. About this Vo euery Noble man hath his Soliciter, for the nation is so desirous of praise and honour, that they striue among themselues who may bribe him best. By these meanes the Herehaught groweth so rich, that although hee haue neither land nor any reuenues otherwise, yet may he be ac- counted the wealthiest man in all lapan. For three causes this great M.igistrate may loose his office: first, if he touch the ground with his foote, as it hath beene alreadie said: next, if he kill any bcxly: thirdly, if he be found an cnemie vnto peace and quietncssc, howbeit nei- ther of these aforesaid causes is sufficient to put him to death. Their thin! chiefe officer is a ludgc, his office is to take vp and to end matters in controuer- sie, to determine of warres and peace, that which he thinketh right, to punish rebels, wherein he may commaund the noble men to assist him vpon paine of forfeiting their goods: neuer- thelesse at all times he is not obeyed, for that many matters are ended rather by might and armcs, then determined by law. Other contmuersies are decided either in the Tem- porall Court, as it seemeth good vnto the Princes, or in the Spirituall consistoric before the Timdi. Rol)elles are executed in this manner, especially if they be noble men or officers. The king looke what day he giueth sentence against any one, the same day the partie, where- socuer he be, is aducrtiscd thereof, and the day told him of his execution. The condemned person asketh of tlie messenger whether it may bee lawful for him to kill himselle ; the which thing when the king doeth graunt, the partie t.aking it for an honour, putteth on his best ap- parel anil laimcing hisliodv a crossc from the breast downc all the belly, murthereth himselfc. Ihis kind of death they take to be without infamie, neither doe their chilJren for their lathers crime so punished, loose their goods. But if the king reserue them to be executed hv the hangman, then flocketh he together his children, his seniants, and friends home 10 his housr, to preserue his life by force. The king committerh the fetching of him out vnto his chiefe ludge, who (irst setteth vpon him with bow and arrowes, and afterward with pikes and swords, vntlll the rebcll and all his family be slaine to their perpetuall ignominie and shame. The Indie-writers make mention of sundry great cities in this Hand, as Cangoxima a hauen towne in the South jiart thereof, and Meaco distant from thence three hundred leagues north- ward, the royall seat of the king and most wealthy of all other townes in that Iland. The people thereabout are very noble, and their language the best laponish. In Meaco are sayd lo he ninetie thoiLsande houses inhabited and vpward, a famous Vniuersitio, and in it fine 4 C principall 'm- vol,. II. ')M^ '''I J'^l .'( Wv/i '!) i iliiil.! S62 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, Reports of lapan. I' 1. rui Pctrus Maffcius dr lebus lapo- iiicis. principall Colleges, besides closes & cloysters of Bonzi, Lcfi^iiixil, and Hamarata, that i». Priests, Monies and Niinnes. Other Hue notable Vniuentities there be in lajjan, namely, Cuia| Negru, Homi, Frenoi, and Bandu. The first foure haue in them at the least three thousand & fine hundred schollers: in the fift arc many mo. For Bandu prouince is very great and possessed with sixe princes, fiue whereof are vassals vnto the si\t, yet he himselfe siibicct vnto the laponish king, vswally called the great king of Meaco: lesser scholes there be many ill diuers places of this Ilande. And thus much specially concerinng this glorious 11;,,,^^ among so many barbarous nations and rude regions, haue i gathered together in one sunimr, out of sundry letters written from thence into Europe, by no Icsse failhfull reporters than famous trrauellers. For confirmation wherof, as also for the knowledge of other things not conteyned in the premisses, the curious readers may peruse tliese 4 volumes of Indian matters written long ago in Italian, and of late compendiously made Latine, by Petrus Maft'eiiii my old acquainted friend, cntituling the same, De rebus laponicis. One whole letter ont of the fift bookc thereof, specially intreating of that countrcy, I haue done into English word for word in such wise as followeth. Aloisius Froes to his companions in lesus Christ that remaine in China and India. Tile last yecre, dcarc brethren, I wrote vnto you from Firando, how Cosmus Turrianus had appointed me to trauaile to Meaco to hclpc Caspar Vilela, for that there the harue^t was great, the labourers few, and that I should hnuc for my companion in that iourney Aloisius Almeida. It seemcth now my part, hauing by the helpe of God ended so long a voi.igc, to signifie vnto you by letter such things .specially as I might thinke you would most dcliglu to know. And because at the beginning Almeida and I so parted the whole labour of writing letters betwixt vs, that he sh uld spcake of our voyage, and such things as happened therein, I should make relation of the Mcachians estate, & write what I could well Icarne of the la- pans manners and conditions: seltinj; aside all di.stourses of our voyage, that which stanileih me vpon I will discharge in this Epistle, that you considering how artificially, how eun- ningly, vndcr the pretext of religion, that eraftie aduersary of mankind Icadeth and drawei{i vnto perdition the lapanish minde.s, blinded with many superstitions and ceremonies, may tlie more pitie this Nation. The inhabiters of lapan, as men that neucr had greatly to doe with other Nations, in thrir Geogr phy diuidcd the whole world into three parts, lapan, Sian, and China. And albeit the Japans rccciued out of Sian and China their .superstitions and ceremonies, yet di thev ne- uerthelessc contemne all other Nations in comparison of thenisehies, and standing in their owne conceitc doe far preferre thcmselucs before all other sorts of people in wisedome and policie. Tniiehing the situation of the rnuntrey and nature of the soyle, vnto the things eftsoone- erst written, this one thing I wil adder in these Hands, the somnier to be most hot, the winicr extreme cold. In the kingdom of Canga, as we call it, f.dleth so much snow, that the houses being buried in it, the inhabitants kccpe within doores certaine inonelhsof the yeere, hauing no way to come I'oorth except they break vp the tiles. Whirlewindes most vehe- ment, earthquakes so common, that the lapans dread such kind of fcares liile or noihin); at all. The counlrey is I'ul of siluer mines otherwise barren, not so much by fault of nature, as through the slouthfulnessc of the inhabitants: howbcit Oxen they kcepe and that fortill.i^e sake onely. The ayre is hole-^oine, the waters good, the people very fairc and well boiiieii: bare headed commonly they goe, procuring baldne.sse with sorrow and teares, ef'soones rout- ing vp with pinsars all the haire of their heads as it growcth, except it be a lille i)ehiiid, llie which they knot and keepe with all diligence. Enen from their ehiidluxKl they wcare da;;- gers and swords, the which they ^se to lav vnder their pillowes when they goe to beil: in shew courteous and affable, in ilecdc haughtic and proud. They delight most in warlike af- faires, and their greatest studic is amies. Mens apparel diuerscly cidoured is wornc downe halfc the leggcs and to the clbowes: womens attnc made handsomely likc\nloa vaile, is somewhat lunger: all manner of dicing and theft they doe cschewe. The niarchuiii altlumuli Reports of lapan. Reports of lapan. TRAFFiaUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 563 China and India. he be wealthy, is* not accounted of. Gentlemen, be they neuer so prore, retaine their place: most precisely theystande vpon their honour and woorthinesse, ceremoniously striuin^ among themselucs in courtesies and faire speeches. Wherein if any one happily be lesse carefull than he should be, euen for a trifle many times he getteth euifl will. Want though it trouble most of them, so much they doe detest, that poore men cruelly taking pittie of their infantes newly borne, especially girles, do many times with their owne feete strangle them. Noble men, and other likewise of meaner calling generally haue but one wife a peece, by whom although they haue issue, yet for a trifle they diuorse themselues from their wiucs, and the wiucs also sometimes from their husbands, to marry with others. After the second degree cousins may there lawfully marry. Adoption of other mens children is much vsed among them. In great townes most men and women can write and reade. This Nation feedeth sparingly, their vsuall meat is rice and salets, and neere the sea side fish. They feast one another many times, wherein they vse great diligence, especially in drinking one to another, insomuch that the better sort, least they might rudely commit some fault therein, doe vse to reade certaine bookes written of duties and cerimonies apperteyning vnto banquets. To be delicate and fine, they put their meate into their mouthes with litle forkes, accounting it great rudenoisc to touch it with their fingers: winter & sommer they drinkc water as hot as they may possibly abide it. Their houses are in danger of fire, but iinely made and cleanr, layde all ouer with strawe-pallets, whereupon they doe both sit in stead of stoolcs and lie in their clothes with billets vnder their heads. For feare of defiling these pallets, they goe cither bare foote within doores, or wcare strawe pantofles on their buskins when they come abroad, the which they lay aside at their returne homcagaine. Gentlemen fur the most part do passe the night in banketting, musicke, & vaine discourses, they sleepe the day time. In Meaco and Sacaio there is good store of beds, but they be very litle, and may be compared vnto our pucs. In bringing vp tlieir children they vse words only to rebuke them, admonishing as dili- gently and aduisedly boycs of sixe or scuen yccrcs of age, as though they were olde men. They are giuen very much to intertaine strangers, of whom most curiously they loue to aske euen in trilles what fnminc nations doe, and their fushions. Such arguments and reasons as be manifest, and are made plaine with examples, doe greatly persuade them. They detest all kindc of theft, whosoeuer is taken in that fault may be slaine freely of any bodie. No publike prisons, no common gayiis, no ordinary Iiisticers: priiiately each housholder hath the hearing of matters at home in his ownc house, and the pu'iishing of greater crimes that descruc death without delay. Thus vsually the people is kept in awe and feare. About foure hundred yecres past (as in their olde recordcs we finde) all lapan was subiect vnto one Emprrour whose royall seat was Meaco, in the laponish language called Cubucama. Hut the nobilitie rebelling against him, by litle and litle haue taken away the greatest part of his dominion, howbeit his title continually remayneth, and the residue in some respect doc make great .ircount of him still, acknowledging him for their superior. Thus the Em- pyre of l.ipan, in times p.ist but one alone, is now diuided into sixtie sixe kingdomes, the oiiely cause of tiiiill w.irri-s continually in that Hand, to no small hiuderance of the Gospell, wliilcsl the kinjis that tiwcll neare together inuade one another, each one coueting to make his kinudonie greater. Furthermore in the citie .Meaco is the pallace of the high Priest, whom that nation hoiioureth as a G.id, he hath in his house SdC} Idoles, one whereof bv course is euery night set by his side lor a watchman. He is liiought of the common people so holy, that it may not tie law lull l'<'r him to g'lc vpon the earth : if happily he doe set one (bote to the ground/ he looscth his ollice. lie is not serued very sumptuously, he is maintained by almes. The But iiis iimc^ heads and beards of Ins ministers arc shauen, they haue name Cangucs, and their authoritie"""''^""^' i.s great throughout all lapan. The Cubuc aina vseth them for Embassadors to decide contro- iicrsies betwixt priiu-es, and to end iheir warres, whereof thev were wont to make very great Uaine. It is iu)w two yeres since or there about, that one of them came to Bungo, to in- Ircate of peace betwixt the king thereof and the king of Amanguzzo. This Agent fauouring the king of Huiigo his cause nu)re then the other, brought to passe that the foresayd king of 4 (.' 2 Bungo !'„f \. \>\ W-\i nod the maker of a|| (hipga is cleane extinguisthod and vlteriy nhnlished nut of the lapnns heart:*. Morconer ihrir fuperslitious sects are many, whereas it is lawfull foreuch one lo follow that which iikrth liim best: but the jirinripnll sects are two, namely the Amid;ins and Xacaians. Wherefore inthi* cnunlrey sliall you !>cc many monasteries, not onely of Bon/.ii men, but also of Bon/ia- vno. men diucntly ntiircd, for some doc weare white vnder, and blacke vpper garments, other gor ap|)arelic(l in ash colour, and their idole huth to name Denichi : from these the Amidunrsdji'. fcr very much. Againe the men Bonzii for the most part dwell in sumptuous hou>es, and haue great reuenues. These fellowes are chnsie by commaundement. marry they may nnr vpon paine of death. In the midst of their Temple is creeled an altar, whereon st.uiilrth a wo(Hldcn Idole of Amida, naked from the girdle \pward, with holes in his cures a!'i>rthc manner of Italian gentlewomen, silting on a wixnlen rose goodly to behold. Tliey haue great libraries, and hnllcs for them all to dine and sup together, and bels wherwilh they arc at ler- tainc hiuires called to prayers. In the eueniMg ilic Superintendent giucth eat h one u I'icamc for meditation. After midnight before the altar in their Temple they do suy M.tttens :is it were out of Xaca his last liuoke, one quier one verse, llic other quier another K.irly in the in< rtun!( eacli one giueth him^clfe to meditation one houre : they shaue their head.s and • cards. Their cloysters be very brge, and within the jirecinct iherof, Chappcis of the Fotoqiiieiw, for by that name sotne of the lapanish Saints are called: th<'ir holydaies yeerely be \erv many. Most of these Bonzii be gentlemen, for that the lapanish nobility charged with inatiy children, vse to make most of them Bonzii, not being able to Icaue for each one a patrimony good enough The Bonzii most coiieiouslv bent, know all the wave" how to come by mo- ney. Tney >ell vnto the people many serol.'es of paper, by the heipe whereof the cotnmott people ihiiikcth itselfe warr.mted from all power of the denils. Tliey borrow likewise mo- ney to be repayed with great vsury in an other worlde, giuing by obligation vnto the lender an afisurance theieof, the which departing out of this life he may carry with him to hell. There is another great company of such as are called Inambuxn, \>ith curled and staring haire. They make profession to iinde out aga'ne things citiier lost or stolen, after this mti. They set before them a child whotn the deuill inuadeth, called vp thither by charmes: (iiper<«tilii)n, thai it ran by no meanent aUo in an other mountaine to shew hiinselfe vnto the lapaniflh Nation. W!io -to was more di-siroiw than other to >»o to heauen and to enioy Paradise, thither went he to 'ee tiiat xight, and haiiinj *eene the deuill followed him (so by the deuill persuaded) into a denne vntill he came to a deepe pit. Into this pit the deuill was wont to leape and to take with him hi-, worshipper whom he there murdred. This deceit was thus perceiucd. An old man blinded with this superstition, was by hissonnedisswaded from thence, but all in vaine. Where- fore his Sonne (oilowcd him priuily into that denne with his bow & arrows, where the deuill gal- lantly appeared vnto him in the shape of a man. Whilest the old man fallelh downe to wor- shippp the deuill, his sonne speedily shooting an arrow at the spirit so appearin<;, strooke a I'oxe in stead of u man, so suddenly was that shape altered. This olde man his sonne track- ing the Foxe >o running away, came to that pit whereof I spake, and in thebottome thereof he foinid manv bones of dead men, deceiued by the deuill after that sort in time past. Thus deliuered he his lather from pre-ent death, and all other from so pestilent an opinion. There is furthermore a place bearing name Coia, very famous for t multitude of Abbyes which the Bonzii hiuie therein. The beginner and founder whereof is thought to be one Combendaxis a sutile craftie fellowe, that got the name of holinesse by cunning speech, although the lawcs and ordinances he made were altogether deuillish : he is .said to hauc found out the Inpanish letters vscd at this day. In his latter yecres this Sim suttle buried himselfe in a foiircsquare graue, foure cubitcs deepe, seuerely forbidding it to be opened, for that thi-n he died not, but rented his bodic wearied with continuall businesse, vntill many thou- sand thousands of yeeres were passed, after the which time a great learned man named Mi- rozu sht'uld come into lapan, anil then would he rise vp out remaine 6(M)0 Bonzii, or thereabout beiides the multitude of lay men, women be restr.iined from thence vpon paine of death. Another company of Bonzii dwell- cth at Fatonochaiti. Thev teach a great multitude of children all tricks & sleights of guile & theft : whom they do tind to he of i;reat towardnes, those do they instruct in al the petigrties of princes, and f.ishions of the nobilitie, in chiualrie and eloquence, and so send them abroad into other prouinces, attired like yong princes, to this ende, that faining themselues to be nobly borne, they may with great summes of money borowed vnder the colour and pretence of nobilitie refurne againe Wherefore this place is so infamous in all lapan, that if any scholer of that order be happily taken abroad, he incontinently dieth for it. Ncuerthelesse these fousiners leaue not daily to vse their woonted wickednesse and knauerie. North from lapnn, three hundred leagues out of Meaco, lieth a great countrey of sauageA'"'"''''* men clothed in beasts skinnes, rough bodied, with huge beards and monstrous muchaches, ["guj,^,^,!,, the which ihey hold vp with litle forkes as they drinke. These people are great drinkers of NotihofMc«\ mrtm ^^'Hif\ 56G The lapiniih fuiicrtli. VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Tliey Surnr tlKir deiJ. Rtportt qf lapan. Much more concerning this matter I had to write : but to auoyd tediouttnesse I will come to Hpeake of the lapanit madnedse againc, who most desirous of vaine glory doe thinke then specially to get immortall fame, when they procure themselues to be most sumptuously and solemnly buried : their burials and obse<|uics in the citie Meaco are done after this mancr. About one houre before the dead body be brought foorth, a great multitude of his friends apparelled in their best aray goc before vnto the fire, with them goe their kinswomen and such as bee of their acquaintance, clothed in white (for that is the mourning colour tiiere) with a changeable coloured vaile on their heads. Each woman hath with her also, according to her abilitie, all her familic trimmed vp in white mockado : the better sort and wealthier women goe in litters of Cedar artificially wrought and richly dressed. In the second place marchctli a great company of footemen sumptuously apparelled. Then afarre oil' commcih one of these Bonzii master of the ceremonies for that superstition, brauely clad in silkcs and gold, in a large and high litter excellently well wrought, accompanied with 30 other Bon/.ii or thereabout, wearing hats, linnen albes, and fine blackc vpper garments. Then attired in axhe colour ( for this colour also is mourning) with a long torch of Pincaple, he sheweth the dead body the way vnto the fire, lest it either stumble or ignorantly go out of the way. Well neerc 200 Bonzii folow him singing the name of that deuill the which the partic dcceas.sed chiefly did worship in his life time, and thercwithall a very great bason is beaten cucn to the place of fire instead of a bell. Then follow two great paper baskets hanged open at staucs cndes full of paper roses diuersly coloured, such as bearc them doe march but slowly, shaking euer now and then their staues, that the aforcsayd flowers may fall downe by litle and litle us it were drops of raine: and be whirled about with wind. This shower .say they is an argument that the soule of the dead man is gone to paradise. After al this, cif;hl beardles Bon/ii orderly two and two drag after them on the ground long spcares, the pointi ))ackward, with flags of one cubite a piece, wherein the name also of that idole is written. Then there be cnried If) lanterns trimmed with the former inscription, oiiercast with a fine vaile, and cniulles burning in them. Besides this, two yoong men clothed in oshc colour bcare pincaple torches, not lighted, of three foote length, the which torches scrue to kiiulle the fire wherein the dead corpes is to bee burnt. In the same colour follow many other that wearc on the < rownes of their heads fuire, litle, threcsquare, blacke lelhren caj)s lied 1;m viuler their chiniirs ( for that i'« honorable amongst them ) with papers on their heads, wherein ihc iinmc of the deuill I spaivc of, is written. And to make it the more solemne, after coin- nu'th a man \«ith a table one cubite long, one foot broad, couered with a very fine wiiiie \ailc, in both sides whereof is written in golden letters the afores.iyd name. At the length by fourc men is brought foorth the corps sitting in a gorgeous litter clothed in white, haii^jii<; downe his head and holding his hands together like one that prayed : to the rest of lijs .-iii. parcll may you uddc an vpper gowne of paper, written full of that booke the which his (mhI is sayd to hauc made, when he lined in the world, by whose heipe and ineritcs cominoiilv they doe thinke to be saued. The dead man his children come next after him most gallantly set foorth, the yongest wherof carieth likewise a pincaple torch to kindle the lire. Let of all foloweth a great number of people in such caps as I erst spuke of. When they are al come to y place appointed for the oI)sequie, al the Bonzii \V the whole nuiltiiude for the space of one hoiirc, beating pannes and basons with great cl.imnurs, (all vpon the name of that deuill, the which being ended, the Obscqiiic is done in this inaner. In the midst of u great quadra i;.'lc railed about, hanged with course linnen, and agreeably vnto the foiire partes of the w< rid made uilh foure gates to goe in and cot at, is dii;;;e.l a hole ; in the hole is laied good store of wikkI, whereon is raised gallantly a waued nule : before that stand two tables liirnished with diuers kindes of nicates, especially nziiie for honour and reuerence reach ii to each other ihrine ouer the dead rorpn, and !«o ca^t it into the pile of wood : by and by they throw in oylc, Hwcete wood, and other pcrfumei, accordingly as they haue plentie, and so with a great flame bring the corpes to ashrs: his children in the meanc while putting Mweete wood into the chafer ai the table with odouD, doe solemnly and religiously worship their father as a Saint : wliich being done, the Bon/ii arc paied each one in his degree. The master of the ceremonies hath for his part liueduckats, somelinies tcnnc, sometimes twentic, the rest haue tennc lulics a piece, or els a certaine number of other presents called Caxic. The meate that was ordained, as soone as the dead corps friends and all the Bonzii are gone, is left for such as serucd at the obsequie, for the poorc and impotent lazars. The next day rcturnc to the place of obsequic the dead man his children, his kinred and friends, who gathering vp his ashes, bones, and teeth, doc put them in a gilded pot, and so caric them home, to bee set vp in the same pot coucrcd with cloth, in the middcst of their houses. Many Bonzii returne likewise to these priuate funerals, and so doe they againe the seuenth day : then cary they out the ashes to bee buried in a place appointed, laying there- upon a fouresquare stone, wherein is written in great letters drawen all the length of the stone, the name of that deuil the which the dead man worshipped in his life time. Euery day afterward his children resort vnto the graue with roses and warme water that the dead corjis (hirst not. Nor the seuenth day onely, but the seuenth moneth and yeerc, within (heir ownc houses (hey rcnuc (his olMcquie, to no small commoe!ues in a new vesscll, tying great stones about their neckes, armes, loines, thighes, and forte: thus thov launching out into (he main Sea bee either drowned there, their shippe bouged for that purpose, or els doe cast themselues oucr-boord headlong into the Sea. The ctnplic barke is out of hand set a fire for honours sake by their friends that folow them in another boat of their owno, thinking it bla.sphemie that any mortall crea- ture should afterward oitco touch the barke that had bene so religiously halowed. Truly when we went to Meaco, eight dayes before we came to the He of Iliu at Fore tnwne, sixc men and two women so died. To all such as die so the people ercctcth a Chappell, and to each of (hem a pillar and a pole made of Fineaple for a perpeluall monumen(, hanging vp many shrciis of paper in ^(ickes all (he roole ouer, wi(h many verses set downe in (he walles in commendaiion of that blessed company. Wherefore vnto this place both day and ni<;ht many come very supen-tiliously in pilgrimage. It happened cucn then as Aloisius Almeida and I went lo christen a childe wee traueilod that way at what time foure or fine ohie women came foorih out of (ho aforesayd chappell with bo.ides in their handes (for in this point also the deuill counterfeiteth Christianiiie) who partly scorned at vs for follie, partly frowned and taunted at our small deuotion, for passing by (hat holy monument without any reuerence or won-hip done therrnnto at all. It remaineth now we speake two or three wurdcs of those Sermons the Bonzii are woont to 3W VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS. J?«^t/i oj iapan. -rd for his goiMlnesse vouchhafe to preseruc vs all continually, and lo glue v>> ayde both rightly lo inlerprete his will, and well lo doe the same. From Meaco the 1*J or February I56.'>. Other such like matter is handled both in other his Icilers, and also in the Episllrs wriiirn by his companions to be scene at lar^e in the afcresaid volume. Anioitgsl the rest this seemed in my iudgement one of the print ipall, .niul therclore the rather 1 tooke vpon me lo doe ii into English. Of the lies beyond Iapan in the way from China to the Moluccas. AMongst oiher lies in ilie .\sian sea bclwi.xt Cantan a Chini»h hauen in Calliaio Si the Mo- luccas, much spoken of in tlu- Indian liiiern lis grey hairen shew him I wcrne with extrrmr •aco (the i^hirh fur tlic itted of) that hee dculh i(4ca aUo he hath done freih hint. To ntake an iiinually, and to Rine vs From Meaco the I 'J of Itto in the V.\mi\r* written loiigxt the rest this seemed ,4e vpon nie to doe it into he Moluccas. men in Catliaio & the Mo- in Maps, Ainan and baii- e of the Equinocliall line )n for shipping and other neccosarii* A tUirrlpllon of Cliina TnAFFIQUES, AND DKSCOUERIES. 5(iO neces-ai ies requisite lor llieir N.niie. There sfaicd Dalthasar (jagii« a great traueiler 5 moiieihs, who (Irscnhcih that place after this maner. Ainan is a koikIIv countrey ful of na> an He neere vnto the haueii Caiitan in the conlines lilcewisc of China, ■•niiuism, funoiis for the iii;i, Frant is Xauier, who after great labours, many iniuries, niul calamities infinite siidied with mu(h palieiu?, singular ioy and gladnesse of mind, depirtcd in a cabben made of bowes and rushes vpon a desert mounlainc, no Icsse voyd of all worldly ' nminodities, then endued with all spirituall Iil'«sing8, out of this life, the 'i day of Dennili* r. ihr \eere of our Lord Ijjy. after that many (hoMsand of these Uasierliiigs were brought by hiin to the knowledge of Chri-t. Of this holy ttiiin, W« particu- lar \crtues, and spciially trauell, and wonilerfull work.s in that region, of other many lillc Hen (vet not so title, but they may right wel be written of ut iaiturc) all the latter hiiitorioi of the Indian regions are full. An exrellent treatise of the kingdome of China, and of (he estate and goucrn- inent thereol: Printed in I.atine at Macao a citie of the I'ortugals in China, An. Ddin. I.VJf). and written Dialugue-wise. The speakers arc I.inus, Leo, and Michael. Lisits. concerning the kingdome of China (Michael) which is oUr DPXt neighbour, wc haue heard and tiaily do heare so many re|)orts, that wc are to request at yoiii' hands rather a true then a Iarj;e discourse and narration thereof. And if there be ought it* your knowledge besides thai which by continual nnnours is waxen »talc among vs, we will rij^it gladly giiie diligent care snlo it. Nlu ii*KL. IVcause the report of this most famous kingdome i-i growen so common among vs, r.'diicing diners and manifidd particulars into order, I will espciially aime ut the trticth of things reieiueil from the fathers of the societie, which eucn now at this present arc con- uersaiit in China. First of all therefore it is not \nknowen, that of all parts of the maine"*^/,'''"*""" continent this knigiloni ot t Inna is situate most Kasierly : albeit cerlaine Hands, as our na- china. line lapon, & ihi' He of Manilia stand more llasterly then China it sclfc. As tcniching the limiles tt bounds of this kingdom, wc may appoint the first towards j West to be a ccrtainc He lommonly called Hainan, which standeth in li) degrees of Northerly latitude. For the rniitlnent next ndinining vnto this He trendeth towardes tlic I'«ist, and that especially, where the jiroinontorie of the citie called Nimpo or Liampo doeth extend it selfe. Howbcil, from that place declining Northward, it stretcheth foorth an huge length, insomuch that the farthest Chinian inhabitants that way doe behcdd the North pole eleiiated, at least f)U degrees, and perhajis more aNo: whereu|)on a man may easilie coniecture (that I mav speakc like an ,\stroiioimT) how large the latitude of this kingdom is, when as it conlaineth about more then .'>!() leagues in direct extension towards the North. Hut as concerning the longi- tude which is accounted from Fast to West, it is not so exactly found out, that it may be di'iingui-ihed into degrees, llowbcit certaitc it is, that according to the Nfap where- in llie people of Cinna describe the forme of their kingdom, the latitude thereof doeth chinim Co«n> not much exieed 5 longitude. This kingdom therefore is, without all pcraducnture, of*"?'""- all eartidy kingdoms the mm\ large and spacious: for albeit diners other kings vndcr their iurisdi( lion containing in dimensions more length & breadth then all China, do pos8es.sc very many kingdoms & lar distant asunder: yet none of the all eniuicth any one kingdom VOL. II. 4 D 80 ki' :'l :|) in '' f) 570 The Bch Teue- nurs of the kin^ of ChiUA. VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, ^ description of China. T'ltuene greii prouincci iu China. Thr sow tdiall of the king of Chinat Ttif warlike munitions i)f Chnk.1, ii a mar- uciloui wall. A^und.lncf of tnh.it>i(.intl in Ctiiiia. Cn'ny and SO large and so ample, as the most puisfiant king of China doeth. Now, if we shall make enquirie into his renenues and tributes, true it is, that tliis king, of all nthern, is endutci with the greatest and the richest, both in regard of the fertilitic & greatnes of his dominions, & also by reason of the seuetc collection and exaction of his duties: yea, tributes are imposed vpon his subiects, not onely for lands, houses, and impost of miirchandise, but also for eucry person in each family. It is likewise to be vnderstood, that almost no lord or potentate in China hath authoritie to leuie vnto himsclfe any peculiar rcuenues, or to collect any rents within the precincts of his seigniories, al such power belonging onely vnto the kiiiu: whereas in Europe the contr.iry is most commonly seen, as \\e haue before significcl. In this most large kingdom are coiiteiiicd lb prouinces, eucry one of which were in it sclfo sudi- cient to be made one great kingdom. Six of these prouinces do border vpon the .sea, namely {if I may vse the names of the Chinians th^iielues) Coantum, Fo<|uien, Chrquiam, Nanquiii, Xantumi Paquin: the other 1) be in-land prouinces, namely, Quiansi, Iluquam, llonan, Xiensi, Xansi, Sucliuon, Queicheu, lunan, Coansi. Amongst all the foresayd prouinces, iwo are allotted for the kings court and seat n/ial, that is to say, Paquin for his court in the Nnrih, and Nanquin for his court in the South. For the kings of China were woout to be resident altogether at the South court : but aftcrwiird by reason of the manifold and cruell warrcs mooued by the Tartars, they were constr.iined to delixc their princely seate and habitation in that extreme prouince of the North Whereupon it eommeth to passe, that those Nor- thren confines of the kingdom doe abound with many moe fortresses, marciall engines, ami garrisons of souldicrs. Lko. I hauc heard, amr>ngst those munitions, a ccrtaine strange and admirable wall reported of, wherewith the people of China doe represse and driue baike tlie Tartars attempting to inuade their territories. .Miciiaf.i.. Cerles that wall which you ham- hcartl tell of is most woorihie of admiration ; for .t runneth alongst the borders ol" three Northerlie prouinces, Xiensi, Xansi, and I'aquin, and is >avtl to confaine almost three hun- dred leagues in length, and in such sort tti bee Iniilt, that it hiiulerclh not the courses and strcimes of any riucrs, their chanels being ouerthwarfed and forlilicd with wonderfull bridges and other defences. Yet is it not vnlikelv, that the sayd wall is built in such sort, that onely lowe and easie passages bee therewith slopp.'d and eiuiironed ; but the mountaines running betweene those lowe passage- are, by their oune naliirall strength, and inaccessible heigth, a suflicicnt fortilieation agaynst the eneinic. Lims. Tell vs (Michael) whether the king- dome of China be so frequented with inhabitants, as wee haue often bene informed, or no? .Michael. It is (Linus) in very deed a most |>(ipiilous kingdom, as I haue bene certified from the fathers f)f the sociefie: who hauiiig scene smulry prouinces of Kiirope renouined for the multitude of their inhabitants, doc notwithstanding greallv admire the iniinite swarmcs of people in China. Ilowbeif these multitudes are not pel-mel and confusiuely dispersed oner the land, but most conueniently and orderly distributed in their townes and famo'.is cities: of which assemblies there arc diners kindes among the Chinians. For they haue ccrtaine principal cities (ailed by the name of Fu: other inferior eiiies called Cheu : and of a third kind also named llien, which be indred walled townee, but are nv Chinians Coaii- chef'u, but by the Portugals (oinntonlv termed Canlam, which is rather the common name of the prouince, the a word of tlicir ()!•( pei imposition. \'iifo the third kind apperfainelli a townc, which is yet nifther \nto ilu' port of .Macao, called by the Portugals .\nsam, but hy the Chini:ms lliansanliien. Al the I'oresavd prouinces therefore haue ilicir greater tilics named Fu, 5c their hsscr cities called Chen, vnto both ol' wliii h the other t<.wnes may he added. M'Tcoucr, in eucry pronince there is a tcrl.iin print ipal cit\ \shich is called llic Metropnlitane tlicreof, \> herein the chief nia;4islritiN haue their p'ace of residence, as the prindpal citic by me la-t mentioned, wliirh is the head of the whole iirouince calle.l Coan- tum. The number of the greater cities iliroiigliout the whole kingdom is more then !.)((, and there is the same ■ r rather a greater multitude td' inferiour cities. Of walled townes not endued cription of China. if we shall make lers, w endued with r his dominions, 8e ■ibutes arc imposed J, but also for cucry lord or potentate in to collect any rents icly vnto the kiiiu: ore signified. In this vcre in it selfe Mifli- ])()n the sea, namely Chcquiam, Nanquin, ii, Iluquam, llonan, csayd prouinces, two lis court in the Nnrih, woont to be resilient )ld and crucll warrcs \i seate and habitatimi passe, that those Ni>r- marciall engines, and a ccrtaine stran>{c and we and driue bai kc tlie t wall which yon liaue the b.irders of three aine almost three hiiii- h not the courses and ,vith wonderfnll bridfjcs in such sort, that onely he niountaincs running; and inaccessible hei^th, lael) whether the kin;;- benc informed, or no? |,aue bene certified from Europe renoumed for the the iniinitc swarmcs nf nfusiuely dispersed (uier wnes and famo-.is cities ; F( r ihcy haue cerlaine il Cheu : and of a ll'irJ priuile<;ed with the diu- kindcs of lesser towiies, . lirst and prim ipall kiinl ■d bv t'.'.e CliiniaMs Cuan- •alluT the (oinnion name tliird kind a)!pertainelli a l»orlii!;als .\n>ani. inil liy haue ilieir greater litie-. Ihc other tc.wnes may he 1 ci(\ ^s^ill^ '■* f''"<^'' '',"-" ilat e Of re-idence, a> tlie .lie pnmince calle.l Coaii- ii^dom is more then !.)(>, :", Of walled towncs not endued ^ description of China. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. 571 endued with the priiiileges of cities there ore mo then 1120 : the villages & garrisons can scarce be numbred: oner & besides the which eonucnts it is incredible what a number of coiitrie farmes or j^ranges there be : for it is not easie to find any place desert or void of in- habitants in all that land. Now in the sea, in riuers, & in barks there are such abundance of people, and of whole families inhabiting, that cuen the Europaeans themsclues doe greatly ^j")' ^j!i°"",'.'* wonder thereat: insomuch that some (albeit beyond measure) haue bene perswaded that there habUed." """ are as many people dwelling vpon the water as vpon the land. Neither were they induced so to thinke altogether without pmbabilitic : for whereas the kingdom of China is in all parts thereof "^ interfused with commodious riuers, & in many places consisteth of waters, barges & boats being euery-where very common, it might easily bee supposed, that the number of water- men was equal vnto the land inhabitants. Howbeit, that is to be vnderstood by amplifica- tion, whereas tiic cities do swarme so.ful with citizens & the countrie with peasants. Leo. The abundance of people which you tell vs of seemefh very strange: whereupon I coniec- ture the soilc to be fertile, the aire to be holesome, and the whole kingdom to be at peace. MuiiAKL. You haue (friend Leo) ful iudicially coniectured those three : for they do all so "''^"™'"]"' excel, y which of the three in this kingdom be more excellent, it is not easie to discernc. L'Sn..'^"" And hence it is that this common opinion hath bene rife among the Portugals, namely, that the kingdom of China was ncuer visitetl with those three most heauy & sharpe scourges of mankind, narre, famine, & pestilence. But that opinion is more common then true: si- thens there haue bene most terrible intestine and ciuile warres, as in many and most autcn- ticall histories it is recorded: sithens also that some prouinces of the .sayd kingdom, eucn in ciiini«a ««!««. these our dayes, haue bene afllicted with pestilence and contagious diseases, and with famine. Ilowbeif, that the foresaid three benefits do mightily flourish and abound in China, it can- not be denied. For (that I may lirst speake of the salubritie of the aire) the fathers of the societie themseliies arc witnesses, that scarcely in any other realme there are so many found that line vnto decrepitc and extreme old age: so great a multitude is there of ancient and i^raue personages : neither doe they vse so many confections and medicines, nor so manifold and sundry waves of curing diseases, as wee saw accustomed in Europe. For amongst them they haue no Phlebotomie or letting of blood : but all their cures, as ours also in lapon, are atchieued by fasting, decoctions of herbes, & light or gentle potions. But in this behalfe let ciiery nation please thcmselues with their owne customes. Now, in fruitfulnes of soile this kingdom certes doth excel, far surpassing all other kingdoms of the East : yet is it no- thing comparable vnto the picntie and abundance of Europe, as I haue declared at large in the former treatises. Hut the kingdom of China is, in this regard, so highly extolled, because there is not any region in the East partes that abonndeth so with marchandise, and from whence so much trailiquc is sent abroad. For whereas this kingdome is most large & full of nauiijable riuers, so that commodities may easilic be conueycd out of one prouincc into ano- ther: tlu" I'ortngalsdoe tind such abundance of wares within one and the same Cilie, (which per- Thecitjr of haps ii the greatest Marl ihroiuhout the whole kingdome) that they are verily perswaded, that Cwum.^"' "'* the same region, of all others, most aboundcth with marchandise: which notwithstanding is to be vnderstood of the Orientall regions: albeit there are some kindes of m.irchandise, where- with the land of China is better stored then any other kingdom. This region alVordeth es- pecially sundrv kinds of mettals, of which the chiefe, both in cxrellencie & in abundance, is gold, whereof so many I'ezocs are brought from China to India, and to our countrey of OtMt ibumuiice lapon, that I heard s.iy, that in one and the same ship, this jjrcsent ycere, 2000 such pieces "^soWm chmi. consisting of ma'isie gidd, as the Portir^als commonly call golden loanes, were brought vnto \s for marchandise : and one of these loaues is worth almost 100 duckats. Hciu:c it is that in tlic kingdtnn 1 :m; [rS\ 'M 573 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, A description of China. I. U the ci»ie commonly called Cantam by the Portdgal marchanf-< to buie wares, at the least 4(X) Sestertium thereof, and yet nothina; in a maner isconiieicd out of the Cliinlan kingdom: be- rause the people of China abouidini; with all necessaries, are not greatly in(|iiisitiiie or de- sirous of any marchaiidise from other kiiijfdomes. I doc here omit the Silucr mines whereof there are great number-i in China, albeit there is much circumspection vsed in digging the Bihier thereout : for the king standeth much in feare least it may bee an occasion to stirre vp the couetous and gieedie humour of many. N'lwe their siluer whicli they put to vses ii f,ir ' ' the most part passing fine, and purilied from all drowse, and therel\)re in trying it they vsc , , ^^. great diligence, wiiat should I spcake of ihcir iron, copper, lead, tinue, and other nuttals, ^ ^ ^ and also of their quick-siltier ? Ol all which in the realnie of China there is great abnii- *W* dance, and from thence they are transported into diuerscountreys. Ilcreuiito may bee add- PMriM. cd the wonderfull store of pearlcs, which, at the He of Hainan, are found in shell-Kshes t.ikcn very cunningly by certaine Diners, and doc nn.ch enlarge the kings reuenues. Hut now let OrciiiHortof vs proceed vnto the Silke or IJiiinbyciiie fleece, whereof there is great plentie in China: so iiikeioChiai. j|,a( cucn as the husbaiulMien labour in manuring the eirth, and in sowing of Rice ; so like- wise the women doe emplov a great part of I'leir time in preseriiing of silke-won;es, aiul in keeming and weaning of Siike. Hence it is that euers yeere the King and Qucene with great solemnitie come foorth into a publique place, the one of them touching a plough, and die other a Mulberic tree, with the leaues whereof Silke-wormes are nourished : and hcith of them by this ceremonie encouraging both men and women vnto their vocation and labcuir: whereas otherwise, all the whole yeere throiighcut, no man besides the principall magis- trates, may once attaine to the sight of the king. Of this Silke or Bonibycine fleece there is such abundance, that three shippcs for the most part comming out of India to the port of Macao, & at the least one cuerv yeere comming vntovs, arc laden especially with this fraight, and it is vsed not onely in Indi.i, but caried euen vnto Portugal. Neither is the Fleet it sclle oncly transported thence, but also diners & sundry stuHi's woiien thereof, for the Chiniaiis do greatly excel in the Art of weaning, and do very muih resemble our weauers of Europe. Moreouer the kingdom of China aboundeth with must costlie >pices tS: odours, and e.^pecially with cynamoin (albeit not comparable to the cynainom of Zcilan) with camphire also & Jhitr'.'cMnmkc. niuske, which is very principal & good. Mu-kc deriucth his name fro a bea.^t of the sumc name (which beast resembleth a Heucr) fro the parts whereof brused & pu trilled prucci'd- cfh a most delicate & fragrant smel which the Portiigals highly esteem, cAmonly calling tho-e parts of the foresaid beasts (because they arc like vnto the gorges of foules) I'apos, & cnn- uey great plenty of them into India, iV to vs of lapon. Hut who would beleeue, that there Coiton wocii, were so much goNsipine or cotton-wool in China ; whereof such variety of clothes are made whtrtufc.Uui- ijj^p ^.||,„ ]i||„{.p . which we ourselucs do so often \se, iV which also isconueied bv sea iiii') cloth II mid(. . , , ,, , , 111 . ■ ,, . SO many regicns ? Let vs now nitreat ol th:it earthen or pliable matter connnonlv called pur- cellan, which is pure white, & is to be esteemed the best stulle of that kind in the win le world: wlierof vessels of all kinds are \ery ciiriouslv framed. 1 say, it is the best earthen Thrfr cimi.iifi matter ill all the world, for three (jiialities; namely, the cleaniir.«s«', the bj-autv, t'v- the ui iHiitdUu. strength thereof There is indeed oilier mailer to be l(Uind more glorious, and more c(i>ilv, but none so free from Micleaniics, and so durable: this I addc, in regard of gla.sse, which indeed is iininacniale and cicane, but may easily be broken in pie(•e^. This matter is digged, , not thorowout the whole region c.f Ciiiiii, but oiiely in one of tlu- fifteeiie prouinces called Quiaii'i, wherein coiiiiMiially \ery iii.i iv ariilicers ,ire employed abiut the same nialter; nei- ther doe they only fraiuc thereof small r \essels as dishes, plaiur-^, sall-seilers, ewers, and such like, but also cerlaini- huge liiiii'cs, and vesst 1, cd' great iiiruitity, being very tiiielv and c unni«i;;ly wn ughl, which, Itv ri:i-ioli of liie cl:i ;;er and ditlic ii'tv of c arriage, arc n. e tran-p'^riid oiii of tiie re.ilme, but are \sc d one iy within it, and e-|i!cial!\ in the kings k un. The l-e.iul) cd' this matter is nuich aiigineiilcd by x.iiiety (d pii iure, which is laved in cer- taine colours vpon it, while it is yet new, gc Ide also being added ih-.Tciinto, which iiiakelh th • I'-resayd \e>sel- t'> appeaie most b^'auiifiill. It is wc;nii'rl'nll h'W higlil) the I'tirtiigaU do tsieeme thereol, seeing they do, with great diilic uity, tran.-pori the same, not onely to \> of lupoM Silkt kiought into ljp«n> 8picei, Cjm- criplion of China. at the least 4(X) nian kinj;ec add- in shell-lishes taken uMuies, Hill now lot Icntic in China : so ng of HifC ; so iikc- silkc-won^es, and in 11 jj and Qiieene with milling a plough, and nourished : and both ir vocation and labmir: the principall maj;i-i- ombyrine fleece thi-rc of India to the port oi pcialiy with this Craiiiht, tlu-r is (he Fleet it siilc icreof, for the C'hiniaiis our weauers of F.iirnpo. t odours, and espcrialiy with cainphire also & Iri) a beast of the sunie ed & putrilied pnucid- in, cOinonly ralliu); ihn^e f follies) I'apos, & o n- ,()uld beleeue, that tliirc riely of clothes are made isconiieied l)y sea into tcr commonly called por- r that kind in the whi Ir * vet the name of a vine. The proiiince of Paquin is not altogether de-ititutc of wine, but whether it be brought from otner places, or tiiere made, I am not able to say : although it aboundcth with many other, and those not vnpleasant liqiiours, which may serue in the stead of wine it selfe. Now, as touc;\iii come, there is indeed wheat sowen in all the prouinces, howbeit ri'.e is in farre more vse and request then it : and so in regard of these two commo- dities profitable for mans life; namely, wine and coriie; the kingdome of China and our countrey of Lipon may be compared together. Lko. Yuu haue discoursed (Michael) of the fruilfiiinesse of China, whereof I haiie often heard, that it is no Icssc pleasant than fruitful, and 1 haue bene especially induced so to thinke, at the sight of the Chinian maps. Michael. The thing it selfe agrees right well with the Chinianma|ii. picture : for they that haue scene the mediterran or inner parts of the kingdome of Ciiina, do report it to be a most amiable countrey, adorned with plenty of woods, with abundance of fruits and gr.isse, and with woondcrfull Vitriety of riueis, wherewith the Chinian kingdome is watered like a garden ; diners of wiiich riucrs dor naturally (lowe, and others by arte and industry are deriued into sundry places. But now I will intreat of the tranquillity and peace of ("hina, after I haue spoken a word or two concerning the nianers of the inhabitants. This nation is indued with excellent wit and dexterity for the attaining of all artcs, and, being verv constant in their ownc customes, tliey lightly regard the eustomes or fashions of other people. They vse one and the same kinde of vesture, yet so, that there is some distinction The diiposinom hetweene ihe'apparell of the magistrate & of the common subieet. They all of them do chmi'In" °' ''" weare long haire vpon their heads, and, after the maner ol women, do curiously keame their dainty locks hanging downe to the ground, and, hailing twined and bound them vp, they couer ihein with callc'', wearing sundry cajis thereupon, according to their age and condiiion. It seenieth that in olde time one Fangiiage was common to all the proiiinces : Their language, notwithstanding, by re.. ''ii of variety of pronunciation, it is very much altered, and is di- uided into sundry idiomes or pri.|!rieties of speech, according to the diners prouinees: how- beit, ammig the iiiai;i-trates, and in piibiikc :st iovall ""'"t'"" >"r" and obedient vnto the kiiig and his magistrates, wiiieii is the principall cause of their Iran- qiiillitv & peace. For wi ereis the common siiin- all thcr actions and af- faires vnto that lentil : a w. rid it i.; to see, in what eqiiabilitv and indilierei'.cv (^\' hi-u. e all of them d' ladetheir lines, and how onlerlv the piil.like lawes are adiiiinisircd. Wiiich tliin'4 ii'irii!>>>^oti> hcaril great rcpcrts. .\|icmKi.. Their industry is especially lo be di-^cerncd in mniuiaiv artes "''"'''*" ,ind occupatiuns, and tliereiii ilie Chiiiians do siirpa>^e most of tlie.sc Lasteilv n.iiions. For there '■In I ) t: si^k 674 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, A descriplion of Chiiut -.1 i fiintins. 6unnci. Printing. Kiuigation. raOKf d oucr Chiiu. there are such a number of artificers inireniously anil tiinningly TraminK Kii"tlry dcuiccs out of golde, sillier, ami other nicttals, a-i likewise of stniie, wood, and other matters eoiuieiiicnt for mans vse, that the streets of cities beiiifj replenished with their shops and line workc- manship, arc very woonderfull to bcholde. I'csides whom also there arc \fry many Painters, vsinfj either the pensill or the needle (of which the last sort arc called Embrothercrs) aiuj others also that curiously worke golde-twine vpon dolh eiilier of liniieti or of cotton: whose operations of all kinds are dilifv* ntly conucyed by the I'orlngals ijito India Their imiimtry doth no lesse appeare in founding of gunnes and in makinf; of iiun-|)ow(ler, wlicrcol are ni.ide many rare and arliliciall (ire-works. To these may be added llu- arte of Prinliuf;, aiiioii their letters be in maner infinite and most dinicult. the portraitures whereof they cut in wcunl or in brasse, and with inaruellou» facilitie they davly publish liu^e multitudes of hooks. Vnto these mechanicall & illiberall crafts you may adde two more ; that is to say, nauij;ali(in and discipline of warrc ; both of which haue bene in ancient limes most dilij;ently practised by the inhabitants of China : for (as we haue before signified in the third dialogue) the C'hi- nians sailing euen as farre as India, subdued some ]>art thcrof vnto their ownc dominion : howbeit after%vard, least they should diminish the forces of their reaime by dispersing them into many prouinccs, altering their counsel!, they determined to containe themselucs wiiliin their owne limits : within which limits (as I haue sayd) there were in olde time \eheiiietit and cruell warres, both betweene the people of China themselucs, and also a;iainst the Tar- The Tartar! ly- tarian king, who inuadcd their kingdome, and by hinisclfe and his succe.ssours, for a lone; '"'" season, vsurped the gouernnient thereof. Howbeit the kings of tlie T.irlarian race hvhv^ wome out, and their stockc and family being vtterly abolished, the Chinians began to lili vp their heads, and to uduance themselucs, inioying for these 2U0 yeeres l.ist past cxcceilin.' peace and tranquillity, and at this day the posierily of the same king that expelled the T;ir- tars, with great dignity wearelh the crowne, aiul wieldeth the royall scepter. Albeit tlierc- fore the people of China (especially they tiiat inhabit .Southerly from the prouiiue of l'a<|iiin are, for the most part, by reason of continiiall case and tjuict, growcn cllcininate, and ilieir courage is abated, notwithstanding they would prooue notable and braiie sonldiers, if ihev iovnc'd vsc and exercise vnto their nalurall foriiiiide. As a nan ma\ ea-ily oliscrue in them, that maintaine eonlinuall warres against the most barbarous and itu<1I farlars. Howbeit in this kingdome of China there is s.> great regard of milit,iry discipline, thai no city nor towne there is destitute of a garison, thecaptaines and gouerncnirs keeping ech man his order ; which all dl them, in euery prouince, are subicct vnto the kings lieutenant generall for the warres, whom they tall Chumpin, and yet he himselfe is subicct vnto the Tutan or viceroy. Let v.s now come vnto that arte, which the Chinians do most of all professe, and which we mav, notvni.ilv, call literature or learning. For although it be commt)nlv reported, that many liberall sricnt es, and especially naturall and morall phylosophv are studied in China, ,iiui that they haue V'lii- uersities there, wherein su Tartarian race tn-in- Cliinians began to lili eres last past cxeeetliii;,' g that expelled the T;ir- siepler. Albeit lliere- thc prouincc of Patiiiin ail ellcminate, and llieir liraiie soiddiers, il' iliev , ca-.ilv ob'^erue in llieiii, 1 Tarlars. Howbeit in Ihi, I no citv nor townr liurc laii his order ; whieh all ot rail lor the warres, wlimn iterov. Let vs now eonie hiili wc may, not \nl,iiv, lat many liberall scieiues, , .Mid that they haiie Vni- aiij:ht. yet, lor the hum I will dr( lare, vpon what • all things, prolesse the •niselues a long lime and and lownes, yea, and in -nds 111 instri.it ihildren : , their cliildreii are pnl In iih^landing mk li are taken (I \ p to niardiatuli/e or to lie slinlv of learninii, lliat nil bocks, lliey will easily .1 in ouery page, and where 'ariiin;;, liuy (.as the maiur ieiices; ihal is lo say, llu- iPee are called Siusai, ol'ihe llownetherc is a piibliqiie hoii-p A (lescriplion of China: TRAFFIQUES. Al-TD DISCOUERIES. 573 house called the Schoolc, and vnto that all they doe resort from all priuate and pety-schooles that are minded to obtainc the lirst degree; where they do am|)lilie a sentence or theameThpfint de- propounded vnto them by some magistrate : and they, whose stile in more elegant and redned, *'"" are, in ech city, graced with the lirsl degree. Ofsui h as aspire vnto the second degree trial! The «cond is made onely in the metropolitan or principall city of the prouince. whereunto, they of the '''"'"• first degree, eiicry third yere, haue recourse, and, in one publike house or place of assembly, doe, the second time, make an oration of another sentence obscurer then the former, and doe vndergo a more seucre examination. Now, there is commonly such an huge multitude of people, that this last yerc, in the foresayd famous city of Cantam, by reason of the incre- dible assembly of persons flocking to that publike act or commencement, at the first entrance of the doores, there were many troden vnder foot, and quelled to death, as we liaue bene most certainly informed. Morcoiier tiiey that sue for the highest degree arc subiect vnto a ThMhirdand most seuere and exact censure, wherel)y ihey are to be examined at the Kings Court oncly, '"s''"' ii'B'"- and that also ciicry third ycre next ensuing the sayd yerc wherein graduates of the second degree are elected in ech prouince, ami, a cerlaine number being prescribed vnto euery particular i)rouiiice, tliey do ascend vnio that highest pitch of dignity, which is in so great Notctheei- regard with the king himselfe, that the three principall graduates do, for honours sake, drinke {.""f'J"^,'^!,. olfa cup filled euen with the Kings ownc hand, and are graced with other solemnities. Out safcdby the of this order the chiefe magistrates are chosen : for after that they haue attained vnto this cw'a'tponW. thinl degree, being a while trained vp in the lawes of the realmc, and in the precepts of learned gra- vrbanily, they are .admitted vnto diners functions. Neither are we to thinkc that the Chinians '''"""■ be altogether destitute of other arles. For, as touching morall philosophy, all those books Moraii pWio- arc fraught with the precepts thereof, which, for their instructions sake, arealwayes conuer- "'''''^' sant in the hands of the foresayd students, wherein such graue and pithy sentences are set downe, that, in men void of the light of the (io^pell, more can not be desired. They haue Natur.iii phi. books also that intreat of things and causes naturall, but herein it is to be supposed, that '°'°''''''' aswell their books as ours do abound with errors. Tliere be other books among them, that discourse of herbs and medicines, and others of chiualry and martiall atVaircs. Neither can I here omit, that ccrtaine men of China (albeit they be but few, and rare to be found) are excellent in the knowledge of .astronomy, by which knowledge of theirs the dayes of the new Eictiient moone incident to euery moneth are truely disposed and digested, and arc committed to chmaT"'" writing and pidilishcd : besides, they doe most infallibly foretell the eclipses of the Sun and Moone: and whatsoeuer knowledge in this arte wc of lapon haue, it is deriued from them. Leo. We doc freely (onfesse that (Michael) sithens our books intreating of the same arte are, a great part of them, written in tiie characters or letters of China. But now, instruct vou vs as touching their maner of gouernment, wiierein ih?' Chinians are sayd greatlv to The poiitikt excell. MniUKi,. That, that, in very deed, is their c hiel'e arte, and vnto that all their learn- 'r'cimu!"' ing and exercise of letters is directed. Wiiereas therefore, in the kingdomc of China, one onelv king beares rule oner so many prouinccs, it is strange what a number of Magistrates jre by him created to .idniini>ter publiipie allaires. For (to omit them which in ech Townc and Citv haue iuri>diction oner the townesmen and citizens) there are three princip.ill Ma- !ji-trales in euery prouince. The first is he tlial hath to deale in cases criminal!, and is called Three princi- (lanchasu : the second i^ the Kih;;>. Fo^torer, and is called Puchinsu : the tliird i^ the Lieu- i"" """si- tenant-generall for the wn-res, nanicil, as we ■.a\d bcl'orc. Chunipin. These three tlierelore prouii't".'' Ii.uic their place o!' rc-ideace in ihc (liicfe Cily of t!,o prouince: and the tw i I'orr er haue rerl.une .is-.ociales of their owiie order, but of inreriour .nithorits , appointed in diners Cities and ■fownc't, vnto whom, acronling to the variity of ( .luse.s, the Ciouernours of Towries, and (lie Maiors of Cities doe appeale. Howbeit the three (oren.uned NLigi^irales arc in sublection \nio liie Tul.ui, that is, tiu- Vice-roy, ordained in ei h prouince. And all these Magistrates beare office for the space of three yeeres together: vet so, that for the goiierning of ech |iriiuiiue, not anv of the s.inie prouince, but -Iraiigers, that is, men of another prouince, .ire selected; wliereof il Kimnieth to passe, that the ludges may giue sentence witii a farre more entire and incorrupt minde, then if they were among their ownc kinsefolkc and allies. Ouer 1,1.5 ' V\^' 4 i !'• |»7G VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, A description ofChhia, !i mg Two Sfliatrs or Coiinscli rutiiiurflly h<>l< den in China* The cauielof piacc In China. Lrarning the Oner and bcsicle^f all these, there is an annuall or yccrely Nfagistratc, which in railed C'haieii, whose diiety it i>< to make inquisition of all crimes, and e-ipccially the crimes of Ma)'i>iiatcs, and also to punish common ollences: but concerning the f;iiil!s of the jjreiit mai;ir,tr:iics to admonish the kinj; himselfe. Of this order, enciy yeve, are sent out of the Kings Coiirf, for ecli prouince, one; and !j;oiijr ouer all the Ciiics and Towncs thereor, the\ do most iljli. pentlv ransackc and scrch out all crlnvs, and vpon ihem which are imprisoned they indici due punishment, or, hcinj; found not j;uilty, they di-^misse them vnpuni-hed. Hence it is, that all Magistrates greatly fearinu to be called in que-tion bv the Chaien are well ke|)t witliiii the limits of their caHinp;s. Hcsides all these Ma;;istr:iles there is at either Ci urt, na-i.c y in the North, and in the South, a Senate or honourable a-«nnbly of se and distance of the place, afliiircs of greater weight and moment are referred, and by their authority diners Magistraics arc created : howbcit tiie managing and expedition of print ipall allaires is cuiiiniiiled vnio the Senate of I'aijuin. Moreoner there are euery yeere cerraine Magistrates ap|)oiiiie(l in pcii prouince, to goe vnto the king; and euerv third vcere all the (Joiiernoiirs nf Cities and ol Townes do \ isit him at once, what lime triall is made of them that aspire vnto the third degree; \pon which occasion there is at the ■•ame lime an incredible nuntber of people at the KiiigN Court. Rv reason of this excellent order and h;irmony of Magistrate-" jilaiid 'wv of tlic place, alVairis V iliiu-rs Maj;istraies are ■OS is roinmitteil vnio tlie istrate>i appoimeil in eiii ueriioiirs ol' Cities and of i>ire vnlii the third dei^rec. A description of Cliiiia. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. fi77 or ol' people at the Kin;;< strates pUn id one vnilir lilitv (lonrishilh lhi.ro\v iit ,ons that are uuilty lie j-ul her vet are suits or aiti' ns ;• ('blainii\>; "f any di.^nily )l(-od, M'to all men, if iIkt 1 l>i"hest decree alore-avil V n Mirt are'vnio their M;i- irates come al-road : tor ilie ,„,„ ihcm, and -oin-; Ix'l-rc U, Maces, and Hallle-axes: A ivddes .rstanesc faccr- llu-lr hands : and two tlure ri> liVite: and many <"1hts may lie added the horrihle • a iVrnnir into the hearts ol ,^,rriediii a tl rone vp-n the i .nil\ (.•■ their olTiec. N"w, 11^ lui'.ll and rurnishid \M\ "s their ma;;i'lr:>cy laslilli, ti out v.irii ty ol -tones nic s of lapon al-o arc not "f- „r cIs for ods assistance ) they shall there be arriued, will by their letters more fully aduer- tise \s. The ki, •> of ("hina therefore is honoured with woonderfull reuerence and submission thorowotit his whole realme : and wheiisoi iier any of his chiefe Magistrates speaketh vnto him, he calleth liini \'.\N-SVI, signifying thereby rtuit he wisheih tenne thousands of yeeres vntoVin-Sui. him. The succe-sion of the kingdome dependeth vpon the bloud royall : for the eldest sonncThc 5u««uiui. home of tlie kings lirst and lawfull wife obtaineth the kingdome after his fathers decease:"' '""""""" neither doc they dtpriue thcmselucs of the kingly authority in their life time (asthemaner is in our Hands of lapun) Init the custoine of Kuropc is there obserued. Now, that the safety VOL. II. 4 B and ■ tliecrowTif 'A 'A H'i' «,V, •r 1 :'.i 57S VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, ^ dtHcrivtii^n of Chintz *rhr iJ.iUtrinii rcli^iuii uf tlie king. Thf kingi nnd life of the king may nfand in more senirify, lii« yoongcr brethren, aiul the rest bcirnrnf yongct '""'"'"•conciibine'J are not permitted to Hue in the kinj^t Court ; l)iif places of h;ibit;iii(iii arc bv the ktnp himselfe aligned vnto them in diuer-* proninres farrr distant asunder, where they (Iwcll most commiKliously, l)eing comparable vnto kin<;s for their buildings and rcuenne-: ho>vi)cj| they exereisc no authority oner the people, but all tin- guiicrnment of tho-e c iries wherein they dwell ronrerncth the Magistrates, who notwithsfandiiis; haiie the sayde Princes in hi(f|, regard and honour, and doe visit ihein twise in a nioncth, and salute them kneeliri!; > pon tliei,- knee!<, and bowing their lares downc to the earth : and yet thev cnniniiiniciite iidlhin!; viun them as touching the administration o( the ronin)on-we:iilh. These are fliev uhich in:iv pr. tomes, and diligently exerciselh himselfe in learning so much as concernes his estate, sliewcth himselfe davly vnto his chiefe Magistrates, and coniniuneth of matters appert.iininj; in ||„. pubiique commodity of the Uealme. Ilis palace is of woonderl'iill largeiiesse and <:ip.i(itv out of the which he verv seldome t;ikcs his ])r()gressc; and whensoeuer hedoetli so, there arc twelue chariots brought (oorth, all of them most like one to another both in workeniaiNhip Twiiucchiti.-ii. ^11^ ji^ value, that no man may discerne in whi( h the king himselfe is phiced. He ((illnweth in religion especially the o|)inions of the Magistrates, attributing dinine power vnto liiaiicn and earth as vnto the parents of all, and with gn-al solemnity sacrificing \nto them. lie haih diuent most sumptuous Temples dedicated \ nio his ancesiours, whereui'.to likewise he ascrilir i|, diuine honour, and yet ceaselh hee not to fauour Priests of other sects, yea hee ercrirtli Temples vnln their Patrons, endowing them with most rich rcuenues ; and so often as nm vrgcnt necessity requireth, he enioyni-s rontinuall fastings and prayers vnto them: and altc this sort he doeth in a mancr patroni/e all the idolatrous se( t-i of liis Healnie, and sliewin himselfe ready to embrace any false religion whatsoeuer, heliueth in siuulry and nianilii|(|( kindes of nuperslition. Out of all the former particul.irs by me alledged, you may casih coniecture that the administration of the kingdome of (.'hina doelh, for the most part, aurci- >■ i.iihe ^yjif, (},p instinct of nature, authority being commitleil, not vnto rude and vnskilfull pcrs(in«, but vnto such as haue beene conuersant in the vse and exercise of learning, yea, and in nr . moling learned men vnto magistracies, great cf matters : with the pniiscs and Vriaiuty. coinnwn lations of which vertues the Chinian bookes are full fraught. Now as touching their vrbanity, it is much ynlikevnto ours in lapan, and vnto that of F.nro|)e : howbeit vniier tw i pri:icip,ill kindes the rule of their vrbanity or courtesie may l)e compreheiliied : win rent ori- is obserucd l)tlweene ('(|uals, anri the other betweene superiours and infcriours. For wlicn men of ecju.All dignity meet tigcther, they stand bending their backes, and l)owing their he;iil- downe to the j^round, and this thcv doe either once or twise, or sometimes ihrisc. Now wh( n the iiiferiour meets with his superiotn-, the sayd inleriour, for the most part kneelin;; low'v on his knees, cnciineth his ccimlcnance downi- to the earth. Hut h.ow often and when thi- obei/ance is to he ptrformedit is woonderfull what a number of rules and prescrijitiuns are Tiir Chiniini Set ilownc, whi( h to rccount Wi uld require a Ion;; lime. Somewhat also I wil say as toiirli- «''rdVt'i"i'r'|.!l- '"K 'I'eir |jiely, and especially of the ])iel\ which t'u-y vse towards ilieir parents, which vc- r-ini. rily is HO exceeding great, that for the space of three whole yeres togellier, the sonnes being daddc Thf ciuill go urrnmrnt '»f Cliinj tn«tt iiittinct turr. I' r • A dcsrrivtim of China. .i descriiilion of China. TRAFFIQUES, AND DiSCOtJERIES. a7J> (laddo ill mourning vcsdircs doc bpwailc »hc death of their parents, which duety is pcrlonncd not oni'ly l)y the coniinnn sort, but cucii by all the Magi a irans^rcssour ol the lawesand customes of China : which accident (ai it is recorded) in ancient limes fel out euen so. Forwhenas a certain king mos( AmcmoraMo familiarly v^cda certaiiie Senatour of his about the manaijing and expedition of publike al- ""''' laires, and vnderstaiidini; well how necessary the helpc of his foresayd Senatour was, would {(ladlv, alter the death of his I'.itlier, haue retained him still in his oflice: yet a certainc other man, bein^ a wclwiller vntu iheC'hiiiian lawcs, could in no case abide ii,but checking his Prince with sharpe rebukes, obiected the lransiires>ion of the law against him. The king waxing wroth menaced present death vnto the man : but when the party being no wit danted with the ter- ruur of death, persisted siill in his sayings, the king changing hi.s determination dismissed the Senatour to mouinc for his father, l>ui as for his reprehei.der he adiianccd him vnto an higher dignity. l,i\i s. I perceiue (Michael) that drawing loan end of these dialogues, and being we.iry of your long r.ue, you begin to allect breuity : yet let it not secme troublesome vnto \ou to s|)eak«' somewhal of ilu- religion of China, which oiiciv thing secmes to be wanting in this Th.' rfiijion of presi-iii di.dogue. Micuaki,. I coiifcssc indeed that I endeuour to be briefe, not so much in re-*^'""'' gard of we.irisomncsse, as for fearc least I haue bene ouer tedious vnto you : howbcit I will not faile but accomplish thai which 1 haue vndertaken, and (according to your request) atldc some- whal more concerning religion. Whereas therefore the kingdome of China hath hitherto bene destitute of true religion, and now the first beginnings thereof are included in most narrow bounds, that naiion being otherwise a people nu^st ingenious, and of an extraordinary and high capacity, Ivith alwaves lined in nre.it ern urs and ignoiancc of the trueth, being dis- lracte'|"''^Jll are three more famous then the rest : ihe first is of iheni that priifes.se ihe doctrine of one chmLjr'''^''' Confucius a notable philoso]iliir. This man (as it is reported in ti.e history of his life) was one of m">-i vprighl and incorr,:pt inancrs, whereof he wrote sundry treatises very pithily •uul largely, which alioue all other books, are seriously read and perused by the Chinian.4. ■flie s;iine iloctriiie do all Magistr.ites embrace, and others also that giiic their mindes to the -tudv (if letters, a great p.iri whereof C perl'orine. The siirame of the Tiir .ummr of loresavd dniiriiie i-., that men sli()iild follow the ii^ht of nature a* their uuide, and that they Si^'Jl'i'^c"' *"' slioidii diligentU ciidcu iir to attaine vnto the verlues by me before mentioned: and lastly, lli.ii they she iild employ their labour about the i rderly gi uernnient of their families and of the Common-wejith. .Ml these things are in very deed praise-worthy, ii Confucius had made any mention of almighty (iiul and of the life to < ome, and had not ascribed so much vnto the hciiueiis, and vnto I'.ii.dl necessity, nor yet had so curiously inlreated of worshipping the images of their forcfiihers. in which regard he can very hardly or not at all be cxcu.sed IVoin the I rime of idobtrv : notwithstanding it is to be granted, that none other doctrine „ . .1 Mong tlie Chinians ajipro^u luin so iivere vnto Ihe trueth as this doelh. The -econd sect is .i iiiesr,..iid (if ihcm which follow the instructions of Xaquam, or as the Chinians call him Xequiani, ',"^J;,"'';'^''^5',jj ■t E ii whose C'tn iir Uouii. t •' i m % .. hSO :il Note. Th« third »♦«. Th* tupeniiiion «i the Suiccai. Chrinitn re- ligion planted In Chinn. An incifiit cui- tomr wi.Tthy y« obKIUAtluii. The Chinians ontemnc othft Hatioiii. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, A description of China. whose opinions, because they are well knowen amon{;<4t vs, it were bootleo^e for me to re- peat; especially sithens, in the Catechisme composeil by our graue viiitcnir, they are notably refuted. This doctrine doe all they embrace, which are in China called Cen, but with vs at lapon are named Bonzi. For this* I doe brielly and l)y the way gitie yon lo vntlcrstand, that all words of the Chinians language arc of one "tillable oncly, no that if there Ik- any word that consisteth of more billables then one, it contitteth ;ilxo of more wonlen then one. These sectaries called Cen doe Nhaue their beards and their headx, and doe for the ino-i pare, together with diuers of their associatcn, inhabit the Teicples of Xaqiiam, or of oihcr< which in regard of the same profession haiie in their Kalenders beene r.inotiized for Saiius, and doe rehearse certaine prayers after their maner, cither vpon book-* or beads, vsing other ceremonies after the maner of our Bon/i. These men haue some inckling of the life to come, and of the rewardes of good men, and the punishments of the wicked: howbcji all their assertions arc fraught with errour-i. The third sect is of them which are called Taiizu; and those doc imitate a certaine other man, to be adored, as thev l.iinke, for his holincssp. These also arc Priests after their kinde, howbeit they let their haire grow, and «loe in other obseruations differ from the fornuT. Nowc, because the sect of Confucius is the inn»f famous of all the three, and the two other sects called Cen and Tan/.u are iu)t much addicted vnto learning, their religion preuailing onely among the common sort, the Priests of bnih the sayd sects doe Icadc ;i most base and scruile life amonijst the Chinians, insomuch th.it they kncele downe bcfo' t the Magistrates, and are not permitted to sit beside them, and sometimes, if the Ma^.i-fate ple.ise, arc ab.iscd vnto the punishment of the bastonado; whereas in our lies of lapon it is farre otherwise, Prie-^ts, eiien of false religion, being had in so great honour among vs. I,r.«>. 1 heard also (Michael) that the Saracens superNtiiinn takes place in China: now, whether it doth or no, you can resohie vs. MiriuEi,. That forrcn superstition was brought into China what time the Tartars jnuadcd the kingdome, and vsurped the gouernment thereof. All the .Saracens therefore in China are originally de- scended of the Tartars, who, because they were an infinite number, could not vtterly be expelled and rooted out of the kingdome, but remaining still there, hau<" propagated their posterity, though not their religion. These therefore are soiihiiers for the greater part of them, and sometimes doe fibtaine marliall dignities: and except a few ceremonies of their super I'.'wn which is nowe becotne stale and almost worne out, they floe line altogether after the C'lnians fashion, their predecessonrs being brought into the same kingdome about foure hundred y ceres agoc. Linvs. Now (.Michael) let \s heare you say somewhat of the Christian religion, which as we hope hath set most h;ippv footing in that kingtldiiic. Michael. I could say much concerning those most wished and acceptable beginnings, were they not already published in lapon by the letters of the fathers: howbeit I will mal»e a briefe rehearsail of all things, that I may not seeme iillogellier to haue abandoned this labour. You know that from the time wherein the fithcrs of the society arriued in oiir Hands, to the end they might augment Christian reIii;ion, tiiey were in like sort most eare- full how they might insinuate them«elues into the innermost jiartsof the kingdome of China In the middest of this ciideuour and Irauell Francis Xauier, a most deuout man of the fore- sayd society, departed out ofthi-* present life at the He of .Sanciaii ( which some call Sangiani) leaning an e.xaivplc vnto the rest of his as-ociaies, how tiny should likewise doc their hct to plant the religion of Christ in that nation. This man was secoiuieil bv others, who v-ed all meanes, and left no practise vnattempted, that thev miyht l)ring these good beginnin);s vnto a prosperous issue: howbeit th( y were greatly hindered i)y reason of an anticnt cu-ithout great dilTnulty and circumspte- tion admit atiy strangers into their dominion", except those whiih haning a long time executed the ofiice of ainbassadours doe ordii-arily euery third yeere present themselucs be- fore the king: in the admission of whom likewise there is maruellous care vsed, that they may not easily espie and become ac(|u.tinted with the ail'aires of the Kealme. Heereuiito may be added, that the Chinians are great contemners of other nation>, and most constant oh- Ncruers of their owne lawes and cnstomcs: in ail which respects it came to passe, that there wan A de.icrtptlon of China. e bootlwxe for me to re- rauc vititiuir, thry are hin;i called Ccn, but with V giuc yim I" viulcnttand, y, HO that if there he any r more wordc!* then one. ds, and doc for the mii,| of Xaqiiain, or of ollicri cne f.inonized for Saints, lok-s or beads vsiiin; other ime inckling of the life to f the wicked: howbcit ail in which are called Taiizii: V t.\iiike, for his hoiine-sc. ire <;row, and doe in oilier . bcinj; had at the Saracens supervtitii.n soluc vs. MiriiAEi-. That inuaded the kinf;dome, ami II China arc ori|;inally dc- nber, could not vtterly be lere, haue propagated thiir liers for the greater part nf I a few ceremonies of their ley doe line altogether afur the same kingdome ahcut re vou say somewhat of ihi' footing in that kinpilomc. cceptable beginnings, wcrf ers: howbeil I will make a rr to haue abandoned liii- the society arriued in our i^erc in like sort most can- i)f ihe kingdome of ChitKi it deuout man of the fori'- which some call Sangiam) iild likewise doc their hcst iniicd by others, who \>(d iii; these good begiiu)in);s I by reason of an aiuienl I diflRdilty and circumspci- whiih hailing a long time re present tliemselues l)c- ji llous care vsed, that they the Healme. Heereunto may iii«, and most ctmstant ob- it came to passe, that there WW M. 'fhomai Steuena. TRAFFIQUES, AND ' -COUERIES Ml was wonderful! labour and diligence employed abom lijrty yceresi together, onely to get an entrance, vnlill in the yeerc one thousand flue huiulred f"urescoi* 4nd three, two fathers of the forcsnyd society, that had pretty skill in the letters and language of China, vtterly despairing of mans heipe, and depending vpon the prouidcnce of almighty GcxI, obtained licence of the Tutan or Vicc-roy to build them an house and a Church in the City of Xau- quin, which by reason of the coinmodiousnesse thereof is the seat of the Viceroy himseife. This workc being beguiine, the sayd falhcs of the society, for the nouelty thereof, were a few yecres right well entreated by the Magistrates: insomuch that two others out of India had free and easic nccessc vnto them, one couple remaining still in their foresayd house at Xaiiquin, and the other two taking their ioiirney for the inner prouinces, to conueri more peojile vnto the faith: who iiotwithstar.ding afierv\ard, other Magistrates not approouiiig of their attempts, were constrained to retire. Nowe all the time wherein the foresayd fathers abode at Xau(|uin { l)eing more then line yeeres) ceriaine of the common people were restrain- ed from false siiperstiiion to Christian religion, and seuenly persons were baptized. But the enemy of mankiiule, \vlio omitieth none opportunity for the hindcrance of Christian re- ligion, suggested into the miiules of the Chinians (being, as I sayd, of their owne nature, a people estranged from the trallicjiie and acquaintance of other nations, and alwayes being too too suspicious of strangers) that they should exhibitc letters of supplication vnto the Caien and the Tutan their principall .Nfa>>istrales, to haue the fathers expelled out of Xauqiiin: which \fagistrates repairing vnto their fore-ayd house and Church entered consultation how they might bannish them out of the sayd City of Xaiquin: in which thing v(rily they vsed great inoderatiun, not any way otfending or exasperating the miiules of the fathers, but oncly signifying that they had regard vnto Ihe estate of their Common-wealth. For the Tutan or Vicc-roy calling the fathers \nto him, and (to let passe other accidents) vsing courteous and familiar conference with them, declared by many arguments, that their habita- tion in the City of Xauquin was not comienient, es|)ccially sithens so many Magistrates resorted vnto that City, who wculd take great oflicce at the presence of strangers. For the which cause he perswaded them t(» accept some part of the money which they had bestowed in the building of their house, and so to rcturne either home into their owne countrcy, or vnto the port of Macao, Howbeit, such was the instant siippliiation of the fathers, and so woorthy of compassion, that the Tutan or Vicc-roy, in the extreame and mcditerranc borders of the proiiince of Coantiim, assigned vnto them a new habitation at the city called Xaiicheo, commending them also to a certaine Magistrate, who was come from the same place to r*.iliitc him. Thither therefore the >ayd fathers, not without great sorrow and griefe of the Christians, hied themselucs, and as we are informed by their last letters, they haue euen now Kiyed the foundation of their (irst building, and haue also written that they are like to liue much more peaceably and conueniently for the propagating of Christian religion. These he the first beginnings of Christianity in China, where, euen as in other places of the Chris- tian Common-wealth, the seed is to be sowen with great labour and teares, that acceptable fruits may be reaped with gladnesse. Leo. It is euen as you haue sayd (Michael) and nowe for this your pleasant and eloquent discourse we do acknowledge our sclues much bounden vnto you. A Letter written from (ioa, the principall City of all the East Indies, by one Tho- mas Steuens an English man, and sent to his father, M. Thomas Steuens : Anno 1579. AFter most humble commendations : These shall be to crane your davly blessing, with like commendations vnto my mother ; and wilhall, to certifie you of my being : according to your will and my diicty. I wrote vnto you taking my iourney from Italy to Fortiigall, which letters I thinke are come to )our hands, so that presuming thereu|)on, I thinke I haue the le.sse need at this time to tell you the cause of my dep.nrting, which neucrthele.ssc in one word I may conclude, if I do but name obedience. I came to Lisbon toward the end of March, eight daycs before the departure of the shippcs, so late that if they had not bene stayed about ■1 ■ j ii im VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. At Thomitu Sifucni. ■ii\-h m ;;■: ' . .«„ lli-'iii „ ififlifi' !'!.'! nboiU Home w«Mj»lily nialKT*, ihry hadljcne lon^ umic hi lorrmir mmiMiriK : inxjimiirh tlmi thric were olhcM "Riaincd In ^oi- in our \)laii"<, Hint (he kiiinn |triiui«iery well. The 5hicli parts ihev snilered mi maii\ m. conucnicnci'H ol heats, and lacke of winiK's, ih:ii they thinkc iheinHclues happy when iln \ h:ine passed it: for someinncs the ship -t.indcth thcie alnust by the Npace ol mans d.i\('«, soimtime she j»oeih, bnl in such order that it weic ;ilniosi .u jjoiul to stand still. And ilic greatest p.irt ol' this coa«t not clean', but thicke and iIouiIn, full of ihiiridcr and li^liicnii ^, und raine so vnhfilcsome, that if the w.^tcr sinnd a little w'.ilc, all i-t lidl of worines, and l.ill- iiii; on the meat whiili is hanucd \p, it makctli it sir,iii;iii lull of wornies. Along all (lia coast we often times snw a thing swuninin;; \|)on the water like a cccks lombe (whicli ihe\ rail a *hip ofdninea" but thecoh ur niui li lain r ; wliii li com be staiuleth vpon a ihinij alnn.-i like the swimmer of a lish in colour aud hignesse. and bcaii'ih \ iiilcrne.iih in the water, uriiii'. which sane it from turninj; oner. This iluni; is so poi^nnous. tli.ii :i man ciinnot ton, Int without L:reat perill. In this coast, ih.it i^ to say, from the si\i dcjin-e vnto the K(piinr,t>:ill, ue spent no leKse then thirty daves, partU with contnirv windcs, partly with rnlme. Ili, lliirlieih of .Mav we passed liie lupiinocl all with contentaiion, ilircrlmi; our ccurse as^^(l^,|, we could to p.isNe the promontorv, but in all that gulfe, \' in all the v>:\\ besid,', vsc |. i;,,,) xo often calmes, that iheexperte-l m;irineis wondrcd at it. And in pi. ires where are ahv.m, W( out to be most horrible tempests, we li und most quiet calmes wliii h was verv troiddc-i.in to those shi|)s whii h be the greatest ol all other, and cannot go \Niihout koimI winder liiv ■ much, th.it when it is tempest ahnosi intolleraMe for other ships, and ni.ikcili ihrni maim .1! their sailes, these hnisc- vp, and s.iile e\i client well, vnlesic the waters be tn.i too lui ■ c which seldi me happened in our iiauination. \o\i -hall Mider-land, tl at bcinij passal the lii.c. tliev cannot straightway go the next way to the promontory ; but aicording to the wiiuU-, ihev draw alwaves ;is iiicrc Soiiilias thcv tan to put thciiisducs in tlie latitude of t!ie puiii' which is J.'» degrees and an halle, and tlun they lake their Cdui-c low.iriU the La.st, ami >,, compassi- the point. Hut the winde scrueil \s so, that at .i,'< dcL;nes wc did dirci t our k mi-c toward the point or pronuintorv ol (ioixt iiope. Yon know that it is hard lo -ailc from I-.,isi to We-t, or conir.iri, bci ,iuse there is 110 (i\iii point in all the skie, whereby thi'v !n;iy direct their course, whcrefoic 1 shall tell voo wh.it help^ (JikI prouided fi'r these men. There is not a fowie th.it appcreth, or sigm- in the aire, or in the sea, which they haue not written, which ham- made the \oy;o.!;cs heretofore. Wlu-r- fi .re, partly b\ their owne e\|ierience, and pondering withall what space the ship was ahlc to make with such a winde, and such direction, and partly b\ the experience of others, w|i,%c books and natiigations they haue, they ge-se whcre.ibouts they be, loiii hing degrees if j,,,,. j;itiide, for of latitude they be alwaves sure; but the greatest and best inclusfrv of all is to in.iike M Hf Thomnii Sleueiii. riimmirtK: insomuch ilmt niHio.i and i ur< al«i minlu and tlu> loiirlh "I Aprill th*i« wen- II j;rriil miin- iiil i.t -naniell, v«lioii lli.ii (irt I 1 I'll ii'il I" •«'ll Ik'w i,i-.ilH I II nine il, riin«i(lfr- \A inoiiflli wconic In il\r \n vjton luirH (wl)i(li WM llint our »hi|> had layt'il nut c Kii^IhU sliipjic wan \cr\ MMir riiiiiiiK ;d)oiit, ko iIui ilu< ihlrtri'Mlh «>( the •<.\\i\ nine 1)1 Ihf Hand TcihtiI, •tMMdii i>r t (Hitrary *sinilr> ; Mav, llial thi y dcp.iiml, ikinn "ur Miyant" liftwrciu' 1 M all. we arrJiiid at Icn^ili I |):iii ol ihr liurniiii; /lie, 1 ilu-y ^iilUTfd HO niaii> in. •intcliio liapjiy whi'ii ilii\ iho (tpaio ol many (I.imh, Mil |« stand Htill. And ilu ol iliiindiT and li);lilfnii )i, 1 U lull 111' wirnic*. »n.ird> (lie V,.i>\, ami >.. iciN we did direit our n iir-i- s , lui lU-e llicrc it no liM.i •ri't'oif I -liall tell yon \<.hM pereth, or -ifine in the :ilrr, \o\;i'/rs licrrtofore. Wlier- vli.it ■ipacc the thip v»:h alilc ' I'Npeiitnce of other-*, win »c le. loiii hing decreet rl hn- nd Inst industry ol all is lo iii.irke At. Thoman Stfuenit. inAFFIQUnS, AND DISCOUERIES. Ml markc the variatiaii more slian;{e kindis of fowles appeared, insoiniu h that when we eame within no lesse then j|'J„^'j'"J^' ihirtN leannes (almost an hundred miles) and sixe hundred miles an we thoimht I'roin any ^"' '""""" llaiiii, :i« ij.iod as t!ir;'c lliousaiul I'ovylis of sundry kiiides followed our ship: some of them sogriMt tint thiir wiui;< beinu; npciicl Iroin one point to the other, contained seucn snaniics, as llie .\| Miners «a\ so'U.- |)ro|iriel\ wiiiih thiv haiie: some they rail Kushiailes, berause their tailes lie not jir. porli iialii,- I > I nii- I) uli,'-., but liiin and oinall like a rii-ii, some forked tailes be- cause tlie\ b • xcrv br 'ad and forked, soiiie Veluet sleeiics, because they hauc yvinjfs of the colour of \clii''t, a id b wc ihcm as a man bmveth lii^ elbow. This bird is alwayes welcome, for he appeirith iiecre^l the Cape I slimild luiier make an end if I should tell all parti- culars: bill It sliail siifl'tce brii'llv to touili a IVw, which yet shall be sullicient, if you ni;irkc them, I'l iiie oK-i-ion lo Jorilie alninht (rid in his wonderliill works, and such variety in his crealiirc<. .\nd lo s])'.- ike somewhat of lislics in all places of c.ilme, e-pecially in the biiriiiii;; /one, ncerc tlie line ( for willionl ue neiier >aw any ) lliere wailed on our siiip fishes '''.'''"j\,\f as loiij; ,is .1 man, wliiih thev c.dl Tuberones, iliey i oine lo e.it siicli iliin;;s as from the »hii>pe \iun. fall into llie sc i, not refii'.inir men tlitinseliiei if ihey li<;lit ypoii tlieni. And if thev finde aiiv meat lied in tlie se.i, they take il for theirs. 'I'liese liauc waiting; on them six or seiien small (i'hes ( wliir'i neiier depart) willi gaides blew and ureciie round about llieir bodies, like C'lmrlv »eriiiiu\ mrn : and lliev ^o two or ilirce belorc him, and some on eucry side. Moreouer, the, haue ilfe ;dione liie water, ind (liclli not very hie: the Albocore seeing llial, although he haue no wings, \ei lie giiicth a ure.il leape out of the water, :ind sometimes calchelh him, or els lie kcepeth hiiiiscll'e vmlcr the water going that way on as fast as he (lieth. ,\nd when the tisli being weary of tin- ,Tir«', or thinking liiniselfe out of danger, returiieth into the water, the Albocore meeteih with him : but soinelimes lii^ other enemy the sea-crow, calclieth him hel'iire he falleili W'ltU llie-c and like sights, Imt alwavcs making our supplic.iiions in (;od Nmi. lor good wrallier .iiid »:ilii,iiioii of the ship, we came at leiiglli \nto the poiil, so famous i\; feared of all men : lull we h uiid there no le:ii])est, only gre.it wanes, where our Tilot wa.s a iillle oiierseeiie : for whereas commonly al other iiencr come within sight of land, but see- ing signes inliiiirv, and linding bottomc, go their way sure and sale, he thinking hiniselleto haue yviiule at will, shot so nigh the laiiil that the wiiule inrning into the Soinh, and the waiicH being exceeding great, rolled vs so neire the land, t!ial the sjiip stnod in Jcsse then H ladoin- of wafer, no nmre then sixe miles from the Cape, yvliich is callecl Das .\gulias, aiid there wesiiicid as vitcrK c.isi aw.,y : IV. r viider \s wi re rocks of niaine stone .osh.irpe, and culling, that no ancre could hold the ship, the shore so i-nill, that nothing cmild t:ike l.iiul, and the land ilsclfe so full of Tigers, and people that are >auage, and killers ol all strangers, that we had no hope ...til rvl iSi VOYAGES, NAUIGATION.S. The riches of Pi-gu. [iU kli 'v* i Conli. hope of life nor comfortj but oncly in God and a ^ood conscience. Nolwithe, others fall intu (luxes and agues, and die thereby. And this way it was our chance to make : yet thougii wv had more then one hundred and filly sicke, there died not past seucn and tweniie ; wliich li)>-.e thev esteemed not much in rc>pect of otiier times. Though some of ours were diseas- ed in this sort, yet, thanks be to CJod, I had inv health all the way, contrary to the expeet.i- linnofmanv: GckI send me my health so well in the land. If it may be to his honour and seruicc. This way is full of priiiy rockes and (juickesands, so that sometimes we durst lun saile by night, but bv the prouidcnce of (!od we saw nothing, nor ncuer found bottome vniill we came to the coast of India. Wiicn we had ))a>.sed aj.aine the line, and were come to liie third degree or somewhat more, we saw crabs swimming on the water that were red as though they had bene sodden : but this was no sij;ne of land. Alter, about the eleucnth degree, the space of maiiv daves, more then ten thou.sanil litlies by csiiinaiion followed round about our ship, whereof we caught so many, that for fifleene dayes we did eate nothing els, and tliey serued our turiie \ery well : for at tliis time we h.id neiiher meat nor almost any thing cU to eate, our iiauigation growing so long that it drew neere to seucn inoneths, whereas comnnnily Thfy commiiy they goc it in (iue, I meane when thev saile the inner wav. lint lhalmes and sedges ; the tiiird, snakes swimming on the w.iler. and a substance which they call bv the nam<- of a (dine of monev, as bri .id and as round .i> a groat, woondcrfully printed and stamped of nature, like \niosome coiiie. Aiul these two jninf last signes be so certaine, that the ne.\t vl.iy after, if tiie winde seme, they see land, wliiJi we did to our great joy, wiien all our water (for \ou know they make no bccrc in those parts) Cfruinc The riches of Pi-j^u. twithstniitling. alter we safer plate, or when it i-d lor helpe, to lill our theihiy 'oUowiiip.lieiiis hinj;, ;uul so many they il one I'l' them pulled \|) |)V experience ) th.ii tiit and waxe hard and red. I shall vnderslaiid that. of S. La^renic, which a fortnight or a nioiuiii, The other '» without and eome so late to the id then they goe hvauiiy, nauij;:>tion. and want ol .real, and swell, and tlu y ommeth sore, and so W- ^•caknessc, others fall nitd Mo make: yet th<.u<;li ^*i' uen and twentic ; whali some of ours were dlsta^- conirary to the expecLi- lav be to his honour and at" sometimes we durst noi iuuerf"iii"llj"'"""»"^""" ine, and were eome to tiie icr that were red as though U iho ele.ienth degree, the , C.llowed round about our eate nothing eU, and thiy nor almost any thing el. to nneihs, wlure as eomnK.nly th< sc lishes were not sii^m' .f liirds whiih were a ki:uU- ,e of India, u. I inJfi-il ''"y we had bene lu-ere liulu. ,f the Ued sea. But ih.rc herexpon viiwillingly '"ty eeingsi-iieofland. wlien- c- before alwayes Nt. , e of the Needle, ami imM wen vsto this other daiij;rr, nid restored vs to our ri,iu he mo-t part of the goiur- hordinars experience, tiiai . neither ly the eomi)-i"i'. wles wliiih they knew to l.c ,,ke> swimming on the w.ilir. cv as br. ad and as ruuiul a, oin'e coine. And these iwo p.rue, thev see land. whi>h ,ev make no bccrc m ilioso part:') The riches of Pegu. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 58ti parts) and victuals began fo failc v». And to Goa we came the foure and twentieth day ofTiwy«triu«Jtt October, there being receiued with passing great charity. The people be tawny, but not ^oob""*'' disfigtired in their lips iV noses, as the Moorcs and Cafrcs oF Ethiopia. They that be not of reputation, or at le.ist the most part, goe naked, sauing an apron of a span long, and as much in breadth before them, and a lace two lingers broad before them, girded about with a string and no more : and thus they thinkc them as well as we with all our trimming. Of the fruits and trees that be here I cannot now spcake, for I should make another letter as long as this. For hitherto I haue not seene a tree here whose like I hauc scene in Europe, the vine excepted, which neuerfhelesse here is to no purpose, so that all the wines arc brought out of I'orfugall. The drinkc of this countrey is good water, or wine of the Palme tree, or of a fruit called Cocos. And this shall suflicc for this time. If God send me my health, 1 shall hauc opportunity to write to you once againe. Now the length of my letter com- pellelh me to take my leaue, and thus I wish your most prosperous health. From Goa the tenth of Nouembcr, \bl9. Your louing sonne Thomas Stcuens. I A bricfe relation of the great magniliccnce and rich trafiike of the kingdome of Pe- gu bevond the liast India, written by Frcy Peter of Lisbon, to his cousin Frey Diego of Lisbon, from Cochin. T Keceiued vour letters in the harbour of Damaon by a caraiiell of aduise that came from Malacca, which brought shot, powder, and other j)rouision for the furnishing of foure gallies and a great Gallion, which are now in building, to kcepe our coast for fcarc of great store of men of warre, being Moorcs, which trouble >» \erv sore. At that instant when 1 recciucd Tbt coast of in- vour letters I was newly come from the kingdume of Pegu, where 1 had remained one yccre tw ",111'' "°''" and an halfe, and from thence I departed to the city of (N)thin in October 1587. The newes Mooki. which I can certilie yon of concerning these countreys are: that this king of Pegu is the mightiest king of men, cS: the richest that is in these parts of the world : for he bringeth into the (ield at any lime, when he hath warres with other pri.ices, .iboue a million of (ight- ingnicn: howbeit they be very leanc and small people, and are brought vnfo the field without goo«l order, lie is lord of the Elephants, and of all the golde and siluer mines, and of all the Abundmctof jjearles and precious stones : so that he hath the greatest store of treasure that euer was heard '"'''f ' ''j^"'e. of in these parts. The countrey people call him the God of tructh and of iustice. I had great ciomiioneim conference with this king, and with the head captainc of the Portugals, which is one of the ^''"" countrey. They demanded of me many questions as touching the law and faith of lesus Christ, and as touching the Ten Commandcments. And the king gaue his consent that our Order should build a Church in his countrey, which w.is halfe builded ; but our peruerse and malicious Portugals plucked it downe againe : for whereas it is a countrey wherein our nation gaine very much by their commodities, they fearing that by the building of this Church there would be greater resort thither, and so their trade should be impaired, if their great gaines The sreatnint should be knowen vnto others then those which found this countrey out first, therefore they y[pi' „'"'""''''' were so vnwilling that the building of this church should goe forwanl. Our Portugals which are here in this realme arc woorse people then the Gentiles. I preached diners times among those heathen people ; but being obstinate they say, that as their fathers beleeucd so they will bclceue: for if their forefathers went to the diuell so they will. Wherevpon I returned backe againe to our monastery to certilie our Father prouinciall of the estate of this New fcnnul fountrev. It is the best and richest countrey in all this East India; and it is thought P't" ti"^ i»« * to be richer then China. iuaiuhc tJM I am afrayd th.it the warres which his Maiestic hath with England will be the vtter vndoing ''"'''• and spoile of Spaine : for these countreys likewise arc almost spoiled with ciuill warres, which the Moores hauc against the Gentiles : for the kings here arc vp in armcs all the countrey VOL. II. 4 F otter. ■m^ li i !l I ■ m w 1 K, i Ji' 58« VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Iam» Lancaster. Here IS an Indian which is counted a prophet, which hath prophesied that there will Aprepheiitof Olier, » ikl''"'^''''''" Dragon arise in a strange countrcy, which will do great hurt to Spaine. """^ out onely God doth know. And thus I rest : from this monastery of Cochin the 28 of De How it will fall ccmber, 1589. Your good cousin and assured friend frier Peter of Lisbon. A Yoya;!C with three tall shipx, the Penelope Admirall, the Marchant royall Vicead- mirall, and the Edward Bonaduenlurc Kercadmirall, to the Eatit Indies, by the Cape of Buona .Speransa, to Quitan^one ncere Mosambique, to the lies of Comoro and Zanzibar on the backeside of Africa, and beyond. Cape Comori in India, to the lies of Nicubar and of Gomes Polo within two leagues of Sumatra, to (he Hands of Pulo Pinaom, and thence to the maine land of Mabcca, bc- ^unne by M. George Raymond, in the yccre 1591, and performed by M. lames Lancaster, and written from the moutli of Edmund Barker of Ipswich, his lieu- tenant in the sayd voyage, by M. Uichard Ilakluyt. OVr fleet of the three tall ships abouenamed departed from Piimmouth the 10 of Aprill 1591, and arriued at the Canarie-i lands the 25 of the same, fro whence we departed the 29 of April. The second of May we were in the height of Cape Blanco. The fift we passed the tropique of Caiuer. The eight we were in ihe height of Cape Verde. All this time we went with a faire windc at Northeast, alwaycs before the winde vntill the 13 of the same moneth, when we came within 8 degrees of the Equinoctiall line, where we met with a contrary windc. Here wc lay oil" and on in the sea vntill the sixt of lune, on which day we passed the sayd line. While we lay tluis off and on, we tooke a Portugal Carauel laden by marchants of Lisbon for Brasile, in whiiii Caraiiel wc had some 60 tunnes of wine, I'iOU iarrcs of oyle, about 100 iarrcs of oliuci', certaine barrels of cipcrs three fats of peason, with diners other necessaries fit for our voyage: which wine, oyle, oliues and capers were better to vs then gold. Wc had two men died before wee passed the line, and diueis sicke, which tooke their sicknesse in thoic hotc climates: for they be wondcrfull vnholesonie from 8 degrees of Northerly latitude vnio Ti"« w'^'if^ the line, at that time of the yecre: for wc had nothing but Ternados, with such thunder, lightning, and raine, that wc could not keep (>ur men drie 'i hoiires together, which wav an occasion of the infection among them, and their eating of salt victuals, with lacke o; clothn to shift them. After we passed the line, we had the wind sti^l at Eastsoutheast, which caritd vs along the coast of Brasil 100 leagues from the maine, til we came in 2(> degrees to the SouthwanI of the line, where the wind came vp to the North, at which time we did account, that the Cape of Buona esperansa did beare oll'vs East and by South, betwixt 900 and KXX^ leagues. Passing this gulfe from the coatt of Brasil vnto the Cape we had the wind often variable .is it is vpon our coasts but for tlic most part so, that we might lie our course. The 28 of luly wc had sight of the foresayd Cape of Buona c^pcraiLsa: vntill the 3\ wee l.-iy ofT and on with the wind contrary to double the Cape, huping to double it, & so to hatie gone seuentie icigues further to a place called Agoaila de S. Bnis, bi!fL:re wc would haue hought to haue put into any harbour. But our men being weake and sickc in all our shippt-s, we thought good to sceke some place to refresh them. With which consent we bare vp with the land to the Northward of the Cape, and going along the shoare, we espied a gooilly Baie wiiii an Hand lying to .Seawards of it, into which we did bearc, and found it very commodioiH for our ships to ride in. This Baie is called Agoada de Saldanha, lying 15 leagues North- ward on the hither side of the Cape. The lir^t of .August being .S;inday we came to .in anker in the Baie, :ending our me on land, and there came vnto them certaine blacke .Sal- uages very brutish which would not stay, but retired from them. For the space of la or '20 dayes we could find no reliefc but uncly foulca which wee killed with our pieces, which wet< of iKkAct accic ^, liicliBC. A^tiiitSii- M. lames Lancasttr. rophesied that there will ipaine. How it will fall f Cochin the 28 of De. \d assured friend >r Liihon. chaiU royall Viccad- East Indies, by the ^ue, to the lies of ind. Cape Comori in leagues of Sumatra, »nd of Malacca, be- formcd by M. lames of Ipswich, his lieu- immouth the 10 of Aprill fro wlience we departed t of ("ape Blanco. The in the height of Cape least, alwaycu before the ,vithin 8 ilegrecu of the pre wc lay ofV and on I line. While we lay tluis isbon for Brasile, in which about 100 iarres* of oliiic*, ler necessaries tit for our en gold. We had two nuu : their sicknewc in those of Northerly latitude vnio ■nadoM, with such «hundcr, cs together, which wai :iii luals, with lacke o( clothes Kivstsoiitheast, which caritd came in 'iCi deprecs to ihc ivhich time wc did account, ih, betwixt 900 and KJOU ipc we had the wind often might lie our course. The vntiU the J I wee lay off uble it, 6i so to hauc »;athered on the rockcs. After 15 or 20 daycs being here, our Admiral! went with his pinnasse vnto the Hand which ficth oflT this Bale, where hee found great store of Penguines & Scales, omt>tsre>r whereof he brought good plenty with him. And twise after that we sent certain of our s,',"*||"" ""' men, which at both fiihes brought their bots lading vnto onr ships. After we had bene here some time, we got here a Negro, whom we compelled to march into the conntrey with vs, making signs to bring vs some cattel; but at this time wc could come to the sight of none, so wc let the Negro goe with some trifles. Within 8 daycs after, he with 30 or 40 other Ne- groes, lirought vs downe some 40 bullocks and oxen, with as many sheepe: at which time Buiiockf, o«;, we brought but few of thg. But within 8 dayes after they came downe with as many more, 5^^^"',;; & then we bought some 2i oxen with as many sheepe. We bought an oxe for two kniues, a stirke for a knife, and a sheepe for a knife,' and some we bought for lesse value then a knife. The oxen be very large and well fleshed, but not fat. The sheepe are very big and very good meat, they haue no woll on their backs but hairc, and haue great tailes like the sheepe in Syria. There be diners sorts of wild bcests, as the Antilope, (whereof M. Lan- caster killed one of the bignes of a yong colt) the red & fallow Deere, with other great beasts vnknowcJi vnto vs. Here are also great store of oucr-growen monkeis. As touching our proceeding vpon our voyage, it was thought good rather to proceed with two ships wel manned, then with three euill manned: for here wee had of sound and whole men but 198, of which there went in the Penelope with the Admiral 101, and in the Edward with the wor- shipfiill M. captaine Lancaster 97. Wc left behind 50 men with the Roiall marchant, where- of there were many prelily well rccouered, of which ship was ma.ster and gouernour Abraham Kendal, which for man v reasons we thoji^ht good to send home. The disease that hath consumed our men hath bene the skuruie. Our souldicrs which hauc not bene vscd to the Sea, haue best held out, but our mariners dropt away, which (in my iudgemcnt) procecdeth of their euill diet at home. Sixe dayes after our sending backe for England of the Marchant Roial! from Agoada de Saldaiiha, our Admirall M. captaine Raimond in the Penelope, and M. lames Lancaster in the Edward Bonaduenturc, set forward to double the Gjpe of Buona esperansa, which they cipe de Buom did verv sperdiiv. Rut being passed as far as Cape dos Corr'cntes, the 14 of Septcber we ^p"*"" <•<>''- were encountrcd witli a mighty sforme and extreeme gusts of wind, wherein we lost our cape dot Corn- Generals coinpanie, and could ncuer heare of him nor his ship any more, though we did our"' ■ . best ondeuour to sceko him vp .".ud downe a long while, and staled for him certainc dayes at Kuned riom the the Hand of Comoro, where wc appointed to stay one for another. Foure dayes after this vncom- P"''"!*' fortablc scpcr.ilion in the morniuj; toward ten of the clockc we h.id a terrible clap of thunder, which slew fouro of our men oulright, their necks being wrung in sonder witho.-t speaking Fome men anv word, and of 94 men there was not one vntouched, whereof some were striken blind, j',*''"*,'^,^^*^,^ others were bruised in their legs it armcs, and others in their brests, so that they voided blood two dayes after, others were drawcn out at length as though they had bene racked. But (Ciod be thanked) they all recouered sauing onely the foure which were .slainc out right. Also with the same thunder our mainc maste was tome very grieuously from the head to the decke, and some of the spikes that were ten inches into the timber, were melted with the extreme heate theereof. From thence wee shaped our course to the Northeast, and not long after we fell vpon the Northwest end of the mighty Hand of S. Laurence: which one of our Tfce shonUs of men espied by Gods good blessing late in the eucning by Moone light, who seeing afarrc ''' '""'""• off" the breaking of the Sea, and cilling to certaine of his lellowes, asked them what it was: which eft soones told him that it was the breaking of the Sea vpon the Shoulds. Whereupon in very good time we cast about to auoyd the danger which we were like to hauc incurred. Thus passing on forward, it was our luckc to ouer-shoote Mozambique, and to fall with a place called Quitangone two le.igues to the Northward of it, and wc tooke three or foure Qu''«sone Barkes of Moores, which Barkes in their language they call Pangaias, l.iden with Millio, il"u^ heniies, and ducks, with one PortU!>all boy, going for the prouision of Mozambique. With- in few dayes following we c;Hne to an Hand an hundred leagues to the Northeast of Mozam- 4 F U bique ^■■Mli m ■iM ' i M- '1 W w VV) .M' ''4 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. M. lames Lancaster. '*/f ''i; ii ^ 1 nil 'H *■■'"' ^ >.■ r:J ,Pi'lr ''fill' ^ *f The He or Co- muo. ^i of our mrn hftlairj It the He uf Ci>moro. Ziiiibit I'ai.J. A Portu|>lI Fartiirif in Z«QxiLar. The irfiion of thr l*or{u(all towjrdt the Ei>tluh. An firfllpnt plicr fu[ refreih- A |iUic Ffi|atc. Anothrr thun- ^r-cUp. bique called Comoro, which we found exceeding full of people, which arc Moorea of tawnie colour and good stature, but they be very trccherous and diligently lo be t ike n heed of. Here wee desired to store our selucj with water, whereof we >tood in great need, and sent sixtecne of our men well armed on shore in our boate: \vhom the people sufT'red (piietly to land and water, and diuen of them with their king came aboord our ship in a gowiic of crimosine Sattin pinked after the Moorish fashion downe to the knee, whom we entertained in the best maner, and had some conference with him of the state of the place and marchan- discs, vsing our Portugall boy which we had taken before for our interpreter, and in the ciiu licensed the king and his company to depart, and sent our men againc for more water, who then also dispatched their busincsse, & returned quietly: the third time likewise we scut them for more, which also returned without any harme. And though we thought our srluis furni>ihcd, yet our master William Mace of HadcliflTe pretending thai it might be long before we should finde any good watering place, would needes goc himsclfe on shore with thirlie men, much against the will of our captaine, and hec and l(i of his com|)any, together with one boat which was all that we had, and l(i others that were a washing oucr-against our sliip, were betrayed of the perfidious Moores, and in our sight for the most part slainc, we being not able for want of a boat to vecid them any succour. From thence with hcauie hearts we shaped our course for Zanzibar the 7 of Nouembcr, where shortly after wee arriued and made vs a new boat of such boards as wc had within boord, and rid in the road vntill the 15 of February, where, during our aboail, we sawe diners I*angaias or boates, which are pinned with wooden pinnes, and sowed together with Palmito cordcs, and calked with the huskes uf Cocos shels beaten, whereof they mike Occam. At length a Portugal Pangaia comming out of the harborow of Zanzibar, where thcv haue a small Factorie, sent a Caiioa with a Moore which had bene christened, who brought \s a letter wherein they dc>irtd to know what wee were, and what we sought. We sent them woril we were Iingli>hmcn come from Don An. tonio vpon busincsse to his friends in the Indies: with which answcre they rcturncil, anil would not any more come at vs. Whereupon not long alter wee manned out our boat and (ookc a Pangaia of the .Moores, which had a prios-t of theirs in it, which in their language they call a Sheriff: whom we vsed very coiirteou-Iy : which the king tooke in \cry goiul pan, hauin;; his priests in great csiimaiion, and for his deliiieraiue furnishcil vs with two moneths victu.iN, during all which time we detained him with \s. These Moores infonncd vs of the false and spitcfull dealing of the Porlugals towards \s, which nuidc them bcleeue that we were criull people and men-eaters, and willed them if they loued their safetie in no case to come neere vs. Which they did onely to cut vs oil' from all knowledge of the stale and traflfHiuc ol the counlrey. While we road from the end of Nouembcr \iitil the middle of February in this harborough, which is sunicient for a shi|) of .'■»t)0 tuns to ride in, we set %pon a Portugill Pangaia with our boat, but because it was very litle, & our men not able lo stirre in it, \se were not able to take the savd Pangaia, which was armed with 10 good shot like our lonj; fouling pieces. This place for the i^oodnessc of the harborough and watering, and plenlifiiil re- freshing with fish, whereof we lookc great store with our nets, and for sundry sorts of (riiits of the counlrey, as Cocos and others, w hich were brought vs by the .Moores, as also for o\cn and hcnnes, is carefully to be sought for hy sirch of our shi|H, as shall hereafter passe that way. But our men had lued to lake good heed of the Porlugals: for while we lay here the Porlugnll Admiral of the coa-t from .Nfeliiule to Mozambi(|ue, came to view and to betray our boat if he could haue taken at any lime aduantage, in a gallic Frigate often timncs with H or 9 oares on a side. Of the strength of which F'rigate and their irecherous meaning we were aduertised by an Arabian Moore which came from the king of Zanzibar diners limes vnto vs about the d'jliuerie of the priest aforcsayd, and afterward by another which we caried theiue along with vs : for wheresoeucr we came, (>ur care was to gel into our hands some one or two of the countreys to learne the languages and states of those partes where we tout!ue of Comori vnto the aforesayd Hands we ranne in sixe dayes with a very large wind though the weather were foule with extreme raine and gustes of windes. These Hands were missed through our masters deiault for want of due obseruation of the South starre. And we fell to the Southward of them within the sight of the Hands of Gomes Polo, T^e iw of which lie hard vpon the great Hand of Sumatra the first of lune, and at the Northeast side '^''"" ' "^'^ of them we lay two or three dayes becalmed, h(>ping to haue had a Pilote from Sumatra, Sumatra. within two liagucs whereof wee lay ofl" and on. Now the Winter comming vpon vs with much contagious weather, we directed our course from hence with the Hands of Puh) Pinaou, Theiifof (wlu'rc by the way is to be noted that Pulo in the Malaian tongue signilieth an Hand) at which Hands wee arriued about the beginning of lune, where we came to an anker in a very jjood harborough betwccnc three Hands : at which time our men were very sicke and manv fallen. Vnlu i'lDaou. \\ ^'k I "I •*fckfj M>'A % i II ]ii 'if' r ;;? IC li 111 ; ' ftW VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. lamet Lancanttr. TrrtiCl foi rauici. A¥.iljcci. Thrrf ships of I'r^j \iini with fci'ptr. Mi/tibam. Pfr.. l'..o64ml>iUm. ;.Liliiiuk'u. A ihipof S. fallen. Here wc determined to stay vntill the Winter were ouer]|>-iAt. This place in in 6 de- grees and a halfc to the Northward, and some fiue leagues from t.ie miine betweene Malacca and Pegu. Here wc ccmtinucd vntill the end of Augufit. Our refreshing in this place wao very smal, oncly of oisiers growing on rocks, great wilks, and some few fish which we tonkp with our hookcs. Here wc landed our sicke men on these vninhabited Hands for their health, neucrihclesse 20 of them diet! in this place, whereof lohn Hall our master was one, and m' Kainold Golding another, a marchant of great honestie and much discretion. In thc'.c Hands arc abiuidance of trees of white wood, so right and tall, that a man may make mastcs of ihcni being an hundred foote long. The winter passed and hauing watered our ship and fitted hn to goe to Sea, wee hnd left vs but ^ men and one boy, of which not past 22 were sninKl for labour and heipe, and of ihcm not past a third ]>art sailers : thence we made sailc to scekc some place of refreshing, and went wier to the mainc of Malacca. The next day we fani( to an anker in a Baie in six fodomes water some two leagues from the shore. Then mnsici lames Lancaster our captainc, and M. Edmund Barker his lieutenant, and other of the roni- panie manning the boat, went on shoare to see what inhabitants might be found. And com. ming on land we found the tracking of some barefooted people which were departed thence not long before : for we sawe iheir lire still burning, but people we sawe none, nor any other liuing creature, saue a certaine kind of fotiie called oxe birds, which are a gray kind of Sr.i- loulc, like a Suite in colour, but not in beake. Of these we killed some eight dozen with haile-shot being very tame, and spending the day in search, returned toward ninht ubonril. The next day about two of the clocke in the afternoone wc espied a Canoa which tame necro vntn vs, but would not come aboord v<<, hauing in it some sixteen naked Indians, with whnin neuerthcles going afterward on land, we had friendly roiiferenre and promise of virtiiaK, The next day in the morning we espied three ships, being all of burthen 60 or 70 tunnc^, one of which wee made to strike with our very boatc : and vnderstanding that thev were o) the towne of Martabam, which is the chicfe hauen towne for the great citic of I'egii, ami the goods belonging to certaine Portugal lesuites and a Biscuit baker a Portugail we tixiko that ship & did not force the other two, becau.ic they were laden for inarchants of IV;;ii, but hauing this one at our command, wc came together to an anker. The night (oiowInK •iH the men except fwelue, which we tooke into our ship, being most of them borne in l*( u'li, fled away in their boate, leaning their ship and goods with vs. The next day we weiglird our anker and went to the Leeward of an Hand hard by, and tookc in her lading being pcppi-r, which shee and the other two had laden at Pera, which is a place on the maine ',M leagues to the South, liesides the aforesaid three ships, we tooke another ship of Pegu laden with pepper, and percciiiing her to lx;c laden with inarchants goods of Pegu onelv, wee dismissfd her without touching any thing. Thus hauing stuied here 10 daios and discharged her goods into the EdwanI, which w.ns almut the beginning of September, our sicke men being somewhat refreshed and lustie, with such relicfe as we had found in this ship, we weighed anker, determinitig to runnr int«) the sireii;hts of Malacca to the Hands r allei )>apcrs full of false and counterfeit stones which an Italian brought from Venice to deceiue ^"" " '" the rude Indians withall, abundance of playing cardes, two or three packs of French paper. Whatsoeucr became of the treasure which vsually is brought in roials of plate in this gallion, we could not lind it. Alter that the mariners had disordredly pilled this rich shippe, the Cap- taine because they would not follow his commandement to vn lade those excellent wines into the Edward, abandoned her tt let her driue at Sea, taking out of her the choisest things that she had. And doubting the forces of Malaca, wc departed thence to a Bale in the king- dom of lunsalaom, which is bctwcenc Malacca and Pegu eight degrees to the Northward, to Thckinstdocn seckc for pitch to trimmc our ^4hip. Here we sent our souldier, which the captaine of the "f ''""•^''»- aforesaid galioii had left behind him with vs, because he had the Malaian langu.ige, to deale with the [icople for pitch, which bee did faithfully, and procured vssome two or three quin- tals with promise of more, and cert.iine of the people came vnto vtt. We sent commodities to their king to barter ftr Atnbcr-griese, and for the homes of Abath, whereof the king onely Amtxr mtu. hath the tralfique in liis hands. Now -this Abath is a beast which hath one borne onely in her ^^J^Jj"'"" °' forcheajl, and is thought to be the female Vnicorne, and ishigh'y esteemed of all the Moores Thcfc'makVni- ill those pans a-i a most soueraigne rcmedie against poyson. VVe had onely two or three of "'"'• these homes which are of the colour of a browne gray, and some rcisonablc quantitie of Amber griese. At Ixsi i!i ; king went about to betray our Portugall with our marchandise : hut he to {^et aboord v.<, told him that wc had gilt armour, shirtes of maile and halberd.s, s„„, ,„,i| which tilings they greatly desire: for hope whereof he let him returne aboord, and so he quicuiiic he™, escaped the danger. Thus we left this coast and went backe againe in sight of Sumatra, and °i ,"",,kalJ,c " thence to the Hands of Nicubar, where wc arriued and found them inhabited with Moores, thoie kingi. and after wee came to an anker, the people tlailv came aboord vs in their Canoas, with ^heYu^fNt! hennas, Cocos, plantans and other fruits: and within two dayes they brought vnto vs roiais cubir, which ( r plate, giuing vs them lor Calicut cloth : which roiais they finde by diuing for them in the "yMMt'el Sea, which were lost not long before in two Portugall ships which were bound for China and were rant away there. They call in their language the Coco Cilambe, the Plantane Pison, a Hen lara, a Fish kran, a Hog Bnbce. From thence we returned tlie 21 of Nouember togoe Thfyretume for the Hand of Zcilan, and arriued there about the thinl of December l.'>93. and ankered !j?"«>'"J- vpon the Suuthside in sixe fadomes water, where we lost our anker, the place being rockic z<\Ud"'"' and foule ground. Then we ranne along the Southwest part of the sayd Hand, to a place (ailed Punta del Cialle, where wc ankered, determining there to hauc remained vntill the comming of the Hengala Fleet of seuen or eight ships, and the Fleete of Pegu of two or three siiles, and the Portugall shippes of Tanaseri being a great Baie to the Southward of Marta- Timscri imh- liam in the kingdom of Siam : which ships, by diuers intelligences which we had, were to jl"^^'"'" "' come that way within fotireteene dayes to bring commodities to scrue the Caraks, which f ummunly depart from Cochin fur Portugall by the midde>it uf lanuarie. The commodities of ■ \, ■0 WW h kU Jir' '^' Jilt / i' ^.i • I i rWw :w< 592 ComifiAditlei of Bcngili. Cnmniodltiri of I'rfu Ctt fiihci Ukri). Bi'i dr A^03. 'They (ioii^ilr tjif C.ii** uf 12jot)i .Spctiiiu S. Hclrr.a. lohii Srcat jii ti-.pl.ihni*,i Ifh 18 tf. 'rictlil fe!i>i)r in tilr i\r t uiua hicirnd A n t jc.linii trriiK- Iclirnr •xtirine ioy. I he Jrtctiptio 'jt ilif cOTumix lilliti nftht lie of the shipper which come from Bcngala bcc fine pauillions for bcd.«, wrought quilts, fine Calicut rioth, Pii»taclo§ and other fine workes, and Hice, and they make this voiagc twine in the yccrc. Tiiose of Pegu brinj? the cl\icfcst monc*, ai Rubies and Diamants, but their rhicfc fraight is Kice and ccrtaine cloth. Those of Tanaseri arc chiefly fraighted with Hire and Nipar wine, which i* very Htrong, and in colour like vnto rockc water nomewhat whitish, and very hotf in taste like vnto Aqua vitap. Heing shot vp to the place aforcsayd, railed I'lmta del Galle, wee came to an anker in foulc ground and lost the same, and lay all that niglit a drift, because we had nowc but two ankers left v», which were vnstockcd and ni hold. Where- upon our men tooke occasion to conic home, our Caplaine at that time lying very sicke mdre like to die then to Hue. In the morning wee set our foresaile determining to lie vp to t1\i> Northward and there to keepe our selues to and a^ainc out of the current, which otherui.c would haue set v.t oil' to the Southward from all knowen land. Thus hauingsetour foresaylc, and in hand to set all our other savlcs to accomplish our aforcsayd determination, our men made answcrc that they would take their direct course for England and would stay there nn Itinijer. Nowe .seeing they could not bee perswaded by any meanes possible, the captainp \»a.s constrained to jjiue his consent to rcturne, leaning all hope of so great possibilities, 'riui-, the eight of December laU'i. wee set savie for the Cape of Huona .Speransa, pa.ssing Iiy ilu- Ilandsof Maldiua, and leauing the mightie Hand of S. Liurencc on the starreboord or Ntirili- wanl in the latitude of 2(» degrees to the .South. In our passage ouer from .S. Laurence tt, the maine we had exceeding great store of Ronitos and .Mbocores, which are a greater kind of fish : of which our ca|)tain, being now recouered of his sicknesse, tooke with an hooko .s many in two or three bowers as would serue fortie persons a whole da; . And this skule nf lish rontinued willi our ship for the space of (iue or sixe weekes, all which while we lockc to the quantilie aforcsayd, which was no small refreshing to \s. In February l."»5>.'{. we Icll with the I'lastermiist land of Africa at a place called Baia de Agoa some 100 leagues to the Northeast f>f the Cape of Good Hope : and linding the winds contrary, we s|)eni a mont ili or fnie weekes before we could double the Cape. After wee had doubled it in March foltm- ing, wee directed our course for the Hand of Santa ilclcna, and arriued there the third il.i\ of Aprill, where wee staled to our great comfort iiineteenc dayes : in which tncane sp.i(f some one man of n s tooke ihirtic goiwllv Congers in one da\ , and other rockie lishe ami some Hunitos. .After our arriuall at Santa Helena, I Ki).'i. wc dej)arled from S. Helena, atui dir(( lid our couple for the place afore>iayd. The next day our capitaine calling vpon the sailer'* to (inish a fore aile which they had in hard, some of them answered that vnle-se they might giic direc tly hunie, they would lay their hands to nothing ; whereupon he was cnti- strained to I'olow tliiir humour. And from ihencc-foorth wc directed our course for our couniiiy, ■■'^ M. lames Lanrnsler. M. Jamen Lancaster. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. r»9S rountrcy, which we kept vntill wc came 8 dcn;rces to the Northward of the Equinortiall, be- Iwecnc which 8 ^t to, and husband it more thriftily. Our rapilaine scckinj; to ])reucnt this mischiefe, lieiu;; aduertiscd by one of our companic which had bene at the lie of Trinidada in M. Chldleis v()ya<;e, that there we should be sure to haiic refreshing, hereupon directed his course to that Hand, and not knowinj; the currents, we were put past it in the nij;ht into the gulfe of I'aria in the bejiinninj^ of lune, wherein wc were 8 daycs, fmding the current Th^ suiffof continually setting in, and ofientinies we were in \i fadomcs water, and could find no going jVi'n'rJl,^"' out \ntil the current had put \s ouer to the Wcsternsidc vnder the maine land, where we rufJ found no current at all, and more deep water ; and so keeping by the shore, the wind off '^*"^"°"' the shore euery nij;ht did lielpc vs out to the Northward Ueing cleare, within foure or line daves alter we lell with the lie of Mona where wc ankcred and rode some cighfeene Thf iitof dayes. In which lime the Indians of Mona gauc vs some refreshing. And in the meane ' spuce there iirriued a French shi|) of ("ane in which was capilaine one Mtmsicnr de Barbaterre, of whom wee bou;;ht some two huts of wine and btead, and other victuals. Then wee wa- tered and lined our shippe, and stopped a great leake which broke on vs as wc were beat- ing out ol the guile of I'aria. And hauing thus made ready our ship to goc to ,Sea, we de- lerniined lo roc directly for New-found-land. But before wee departed, there arose astorme the windc licing North«'rly, which put vs from an anker and forced vs to the Southward of S.uitd Domingo. Thi>* night we were in danger of shi|>wracke \pon an Hand called Sauonn, Thtiitof s«. which is enuironed with (lats lying + or .'> miles olV: yet it pleased God to cleare vs of ;i-"h «".'.'.""""' lliein, iV- so we directed our course Weslwanl along the Hand of Santo Domingo, and doubled V,\\tc Tihcron, and p.issed through the old chanell bel»eene S. Domingo and Cuba for the Cii-tde Tibe- cajje of Florida: And here we met againe with the French ship of Caen, whose Captaine '""' ( iiuld ^pa^c \s no more victuals, as he said, but onlv hides whuh he had taken b\ traflfikc \ pon i'io>e Hands, wherewitii we were content and gauc him fir them ti> his good satisfaction. After this, passinjr ihe Ca|)e of Florida, and cleere of the chanell of Bahama, we directed Throidthmti our course for the bjnke of Newruuul-land. Thus running to the height of ,36 degrees, r'""*- ami as I'.irrc to the Fast as the NIc of Bernuula the 17 of September linding the winds there \cry variable, contrarie to our expectation and all mens writings, wc lay there a day or two llie winde being northerly, and increasing continually more and more, itgrewe to be a storme .111(1 a great Iretc of wind : which continued with vs S(mie 'i4 hourcs, with such extremitie, as it caricd not onely our saylts away being furled, but also made much water in our shippe, so that wee had sixc foolc water in holde, and hauing freed our ship tiicrcor with haling, the wiiule sliiltcd to the Northvest and bcr.mie dullcrd . but presently \pon it il.e extremitie of the slornie was such that with the labouring of our ship we lo>.i our foremaste, and our -hip grewe as full of water as before. The storme onic ceased, and the winde contrarv to goc our course, we fell to consultation which might be our best wav to sauc our lines. Our vic- tuals now being viterly spent, iV hauing eaten liides (i or 7 dales, we thought it best to beare l)a( k againe f r Donunica, iV the Islands adioyning, knowing that there wc might haucsome reliefe, whereupon we turnctl backe for the said islands. But before we could get thither Th.yteiume lilt- wirule scanted v|)on vs, which did greatly endangervs forlackeof fresh water and victuals; ij.''" '.","" so th.it we were consirainetl to beare vp to the Westward to cerlainc other Ilandes called the Nueblas e, which was readie first to come away, and leaning the rest of their companie in other shi|)s, where they were well intreated, to come after him, on Sunday the seuenth of Aprill lh\)i they set honiewarde, and disbocking through the Caijros from thence arriued safely in Diepe v^ithin two and fortieda\es after, on the 19 of May, where after two dayes we had stayed to refresh our selues, and giuen humble thankes vnto God, and vnto our friendly neighbours, wetcoke passage for Hie and landed there on Friday the '^4 of May 1594, hauing spent in this voyage three yeeres, sixe weekes and two dayes, which the Porfugales performe in halfe the time, chielely because wee lost our (it time and season to set foorth in the beginning of our voyage. We vndentood in the East Indies by certaine Portugales which we tooke, that they haue lately M. latnta Laneaiter. '. in an English Mhippe. ■NoueniberlB9.'J, and lorning, the Captaine, d to the houses of the our victuals being all led some new supply, icue the whole coinpa- crly and the sea some- M a thing of small sue- ntill the next morning, ht about tweluc of the our carpenter secretly • any thing, to our groat the goodnesse of God. ties, we contented nur . And because one place iding our selues into se- ihc Captaine could Rnde le boyled in water, atid )e Indian, who vpon this i«elfe continually aloft in i a French shippe, which iptaine was one Monsieur m topsayles. bare in with h ; so comming along to vnc with all spectle vnio lur Captaine Master lamo e went abooni the French cleuen more of vs aboonl shippe of the same towne en mens comming downc ; l„ call them, yet came not lo one ship, and sixe into M Domingo, where wc re- 's in traffike with the inhn- :ountrey. In this mcanc err, whereby wc had intr 1- of Mona : which was, that ihe I litres, other three were , knowledge giuen by bout the Isles of Cape Verde, to the quantitie of 25 or SO tuns of salt, to be iinployed among other the ownern marchandize, at Santos, and S. Vin- cent, to his onely behoofe, and the re.>l of the salt, so much as shall be needed for victuall, and for sauing of the hides to be kept aboord. & the same salt to be prouided cither at the tishermens hands iicerc the said Isles for truckc of commodities, or els to be taken in at the aforesaid Isles, at the discretion of the abouenamed. 4 Item, vpon the due performance of this voiage, the owner bindeth himselfc by this deedc. to yeeld vnto any such of the companir, as shall refuse their shares before they depart from the coant of England, 20 inarkcs a single share, for the dutie of the whole voiage, making not aboue 75. shares single in the whole. 5 Item, the company according as they be appointed by the oflicers of the said ship aboue named, shall at all limes be most ready to doe their painfull indeuor, not onely aboord, but in all labours at the land, according to the direction giuen by tlie aboue named officers, vpon painc of forfeiture of their shares and wages, the same to be diuidcd amongst the com- pany. () Item, that the shares be taken at their returne out of al the trainc oile, and hides of the scales, and of all other commodities gotten by their handle labour, and of the salt that shall he vended and other commodities, at, or neere the coa.st of Brasill, to allow after 9 li. the lunne freight, whereof one third to goe to the companie. 7 Item, that if any man shall practise by any deuise or deuises whatsoeucr, to alter the voiage from the true purpose and intent of the owner, viz. to make their first port at Santos, .ind Saint Vincent, and there lo reuictuall and traffike, and from thence to the riuer of Plate to make their voyage by the Iraine, and hide of the scales, with such other commodities as are there lo be had, according as the owner, with diuers that hauc gouemment in the said ship, are bound to her highnessc by their decdcs obligatoric in great summes, that all such prac- ti^ers. vpon due proofe made, shall loose their whole interlaincment due by shares or otherwise for this sayde voyage to be adiudged by the Captaine, his Lieutenant, the Master, Pilot, and marchant, or three of them at the lea.st, whereof the Captaine to be one. 8 Item, that the pinnesse be ready at al times to scruc the marchants turne vpon his demand, to take in wares and commodities, and to cary and rccary to and from the shore, when, and as oft as neede shall be, and to giiie due attendance at the. marchant and mar- chants direction during the whole voyage. 9 Item, that no head or chiefe officer being set downe for such an officer vnder the hand of the owner, at the going to sea of the said shippe, shall or may be displaced from his said 4 G 8 place ¥ m vM 4 '' .1 t« i '0! i i' i] Ti.;'« it 5M VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS, M. Ethu. Cotton, f.i' ThclilxifS. Sfbaitun. phce or office, vrilhoui great cause, and hit mindcmrannr to be adhulffcd by the Capinine, and Wi* Lieulrnant, ihc Master, the I'ilot, and the marchanl, or by the conu-n( or three ofthrm at the leaHt. 10 Iieiii, that vpon the rcliirnc of the tihippe to the coaitl nr .'-'n^land, (he Mai<«ter and Pilot put not into any port or harbour, to the Wentward of Southhampton, but forced hj Mealhcr, or luch like vrgent iau«e. William lluddie. lohn I'cwtpr. Idhn Hooper. Williau) ('l)ceDm:iii. Iluf;h Smith. A dirertion a*" well for the Captainc, and other my frirmU of the shi|>, nn eiipc- eialiy for William Cheetmaii Marchant, lor the MiyaKC to the riiier of ['late. AT your romminjj to the I-^Ie of S.iini Srba«lian, vpon the coast of HraMill, you shall ar- «<)nlin){ to your disrretioiDt, make Hale of »U( h commoditieH, an yon mav thinke will 1,^ tliereaijont well vented, and likeNsise to buy ronmiodities without making louRcr xtay ihrrc then your vittuaU bi- prouiilini;, but rather to brxpeake commoditieH a^ainHl ymir rctiirno from the ritier of I'lale, espec iaily of Amber, Su>;ar, (ireene pinner, Cotton wooll, and liome ()iianiiiic of ilie peppcri of the coiinirev there. Al"" for I'aratt and Nfunkien, and ihr bea-t < ailed Semibona. AIho you thall barrell vp of the beefe callcil I'dune, two or ihrci barreN, and to lone no nmxl oporlunitie, to ;;alher .if the Indian fijfU**"' ami the grainen of them to pre^enie ;anle. KdwanI Cotton. These lhini;s beinj; thus ordere;ence, she perished vpon a sand, with the most |)arl of the men in her, as appearelh bv the coiifcsiidii of one that escape*!, the •.ubsiance and tenor whereof is this The cnnfwsion of William Ik-iuls Masters .Mate in the Iklward Cotton, the 21 of Ot tuber, .Ann. I.jHJ. HE sayth, that the 17 day of luly, Anno l.")H.'{. hauinj; s.t(il 18 davis lliri: •upjjoxoll). TliP other .'10 in the pinncMHC, at lite end of IH d:i)<-<, diparivd that Niand, nnJ came to S.iint DnininRo, wIu-p' coinntiiig on shore, they were take i\ ..(' ihe Moorc«t, Hi stripped naked. Ami they l)iiried one f'oxe an olde man aline, notwith-i ndinu; liit pitiftill lamcnta-"«f"«"«i"'W "ion and Hkrikinjit: the rest huiin;,' Wire and water allowol ilicm, lined there a rerlaineh",V,l',i'i'u',''hy . iiie. This lAiininate was :\t last "-old to a I'ortiif.vili, with wli.ni he dwelt the spare of » ll',')'';^."',"' nnart. r of a ycre, and in llie end, a I'urlnKall Caraiiel roinmin); thither, his master liided olilnJl "" the same with Negroes, and he olnaincd leaiie of his master ii l;oc in the Hami- C'aru- Ufll, iSi l)v that meanes arrined .:t l,i>l)oiie, and I'nim theme (ame m > ljij;land the \'i nf Ortoher, \Mi, leaning' hehi'uli' him of his i umpanie aline, Kirhaixl Hacker, lohn Maker, lohn Nfathew, and a boy, with two oiliers whiih were v;one hevond Saint Dominjjo: all which, as he saith, were so NJcke and diseased, that he iudgcth them to he long before thi« limi dead, The escape of the Primrose a tall ship of London, from before the tnwne of Milbao in Hiscav: wliici) ship the ('(.riii;id(ir of the same I'ronince, accompanied with 5)7 Spaniards, oll'rred violcnilv lo arrest, and was defeated of his piirj)oie, and broMglit prisoner into Hiigland. Whercnnio is added the Kin;;s Commission for a i;enerall imbarj^mcnt or nrrent of all Knulish, Netherlandisii, and l^asterlingN ships, written in liarrclona the 19 of May I JH.». IT is not vnknowen vnio the world what danjjer our Kiiglish shippes haiie lately escaped, how Mharpelv they haiie heeiie inlriMtciie, I liaiii- t.iken in hande lo publish the triielh there- of, to the intent that it may he jjeneralh kiinwen to the rest of the Kn<;li'*h ships, that bv tiie j;o(mI example of this tiie rest ma. in time "f exlreniitie aduentiire to doe the like: to the lumourof the Healme, and the perpetuall remembrance of thvimselties: The maner whereof was as followeih. VPon Wednesday bcinL' tiie si\c an I twentieth dav of Nfay L'jS,'), the shippe called the Primrose beinj; of one hundred and (ifiie tiinnes, l\ inj; without the bay i>( Itilbao, hauinjr bcene there two dayes, ilierr * ,\«ie a Spanish pinnesse to them, wherein was the Corrij;i(lor and sixe others with bin the-e cune al)oord the Primrose, seeming to be Nfarchantes (d' niicay, or such like> brinj^in". Cherries with them, and spake very friendly to the Maister of the ship, who^-e nanu- \>as Foster, and he in courteous wise bad them wel- come, making them ihe bi«i rheerc lh:'i he could with beere, beefe, and bisket, where- with that ship was Ns(ll fiinii-lu'd; and while thev were thus in ban(|uetling with the \Jaister, foiire of ihe seueii dcpirteil in the sayd Pinnesse, and went backe a^^aine to Bilbao: the other three >tayed, and were verv pleasant for the time. lint .Master Fos- ter inisduuhiiii , some tl i'i!;er -ii relly /»aue speech that he was doubtl'ull of the>e men what their intent w.is; lu-urr'helcsse he sa\d nothing;, nor seemed in anv outward wise lo mistrust them at .dl. I o rt iisith there came a ship-boate wherein were seuentie persona bcin;; ^f,l^lIlants and suili like id' Biscay; and besides this boale, tiiere came also the Pinne- , ulilch befnre li.id l)r(iu;.;Iit the olher three, in whi( h Pinnesse there came I'oiire and tweniie, s t!ie SpiManU ;'\eMi«eUu's siiui- onf-s^ed. These made towards the Printrose, and bcinn come ihilhi-r. ti.ere came .dn" ril the Corri;;idor with three or fourc of hist men: bill Vaster Foster -e<'ii)^ ihis !;ri:it multitude desired that there inif^ht no more comeaboord, hii; that tlie re-t shoidil sia\ in their boates, which was granted : neuerthelesse they tooke Kinall hccde of these wordes ; for on a suddaine thev came foorth of the boate, enlring the shippe, H i I .! .Hi •i!'^ I" 14 598 voyages; NAUIGATIONS, The arrttt in Spaine. ,f . Tbf ConijKior of Hiltuo taken •nd brought 10 London. shippe, euery Spaniarde taking him to his Rapier which they brought in the boate, with other weapons, and a drumine wherewith to triumph oucr them. Thus did the Spaniards enter the shippe, plunging in fiercely vpon them, some planting themselues vnder the decke, some entring the Cabbiens, and a multitude attending their pray. Then the Corrigidor hauing an officer with him which bare a white wand in his hand, sayd to the master of the ship : Yeeid your selfe, for you are the kings prisoner : whereat the Maister sayd to his men, We arc be- trayed. Then some of them set daggers to his breast, and seemed in furious manner a.s though they would haue slaine him, meaning nothing Icsse then to doe any such an, lor all that they sought was to bring him and his men safe aliue to shore. Whereat the Maister was amazed, and his men greatly disromfilcd to .see themselues rcadie to be conueyed euen to the slaughter: notwithstanding some of them respecting the daungcr of the Maister, ainl seeing how with themselues there was no way but present death if they were once landed among the Spaniards, they rcsolued themselues eyther to defend the Maister, and generally to shunnc that daunger, or else to die and be buried in the niiddest of the sen, rather then to suffer themselues to come into the tormentors hands: andthercfurc in very bold and manly s(irl some tooke them to their iauelings, lances, bnrc-speares, and shot, which they had an in readinesse before, and hauing (iue Calieuers rcadie charged, which was all the small shot they had, those that were vnder the hatches or the grate did shootc vp at the Spaniards thnt were ouer their heads, which shot so amazed the Spaniards on the suddaine, as they could hardly tell which way to escape the daunger, fearing this their small shot to be of greater number then it was: others in very manlike sort dealt about among them, shewing ihem.xehies of that courage with bore-speares and lances, that they dismayed at euery .stroke two or three Spaniards. Then some of them desired the Maister to commaund his men to cease and holde their handes, but hee answered that such was the countge of the English N.ition in defence of their owne lines, that they would slay them and him al>o : aiul therefore it lay not in him to doe it. Now did their blood runne about the ship in great quanlitie, soaie of them bcin^ shot in bctweene the legges, the bullets issuing foorth at their brcastH, sunie cut in the head, some thrust into the bodie, and nianv of them very sore wounded, .so that they came not so fast in on the one side, but now they tumbled as last ouer boord on both sides with their weapons in their handes, some falling into the sea, and some getting into their boates, makini; haste towardes the Citie. And this is to be noted, thai although they tame very thicke thitlier, there returned but a small companie of them, neither is it knowen as yet how manv of them were slaine or drowned, onely one Engii.sh man was then slaine, whose name was lohn Tris- tram, and sixe other hurt. It was great pitie to behold how the Spaniards lay swimming in the sea, and were not able to saue their liues. Foure of them taking hold of the shippe were for pities sake taken vp againe by Maister Foster and his men, not knowing what they were: all the Spaniards bosomes were siuft with paper, to defend them from the shot, and tlieie foure hauing some wounds were drcst by the c pc. One of them was the Cities in Spaine, his liiiinR This skirmish happened in cntic Tnnno of goods and ,) of the same ship, whose uirc were apprehended and a.rainst 97 Spaniardes, they ""and by Gods prouidenre 1(1 came thence with all cx- .rc London on Wednesday nd the Spaniards that they shore in any place: which, J by him and his companie, naunded why they came in that it was not done oncly ot then)- The arrest in Spaine. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERrcS. themseiues, but by the commandement of the king himselfe ; and calling for his hose which were wet, did pluckc foorth the kings Commission, by which he was authorized to doe all that he did : The Copie whereof followeth, being translated out of Spanish. The Spanish kings commission for the generall imbargment or arrest of the En- glish, &c. LIcentiat de Escober, my Corigidor of my Signorie of Biskay, I haue caused a great fleete to be put in readinesse in the hauen of Lisbone, and the riuer of Siuill. There is required for the Souldiers, armour, victuals, and munition, that are to bee imployed in the same great store of shipping of all sortes against the time of seniire, and to the end there may be choise made of the best, vpon knowledge of their burden and goodnesse; I doe therefore require you, that presently vpon the arriuall of this carrier, and with as much dissimulation as may be (that the matter may not be knowen vntill it be put in execution) you take order for the staying and arresting (with great foresight) of all the shipping that may be found vpon the coast, and in the portes of the sayd Signorie, excepting none of Holand, Zeland, Easterland, Germanie, England, and other Prouinces that are in rebellion against mee, sauing those of France which being litle, and of small burden and weake, are thought vnfit to serue the turne. And the stay being thus made, you shall haue a special! care that such marchandize as the sayd shippes or hulkes haue brought, whether they be all or part vnladen, may bee taken out, and that the armour, munition, tackels, sayles, and victuals may be safely bestow- ed, as also that it may be well forcseene, that none of the shippes or men may escape away. Which things being thus executed, you shall aduertise me by an expresse messenger, of your proceeding therein : And send me a plaine and distinct declaration of the number of ships that you shall haue so stayed in that coast and partes, whence euery one of them is, which belong to my Rebels, what burthen & goods there are, and what number of men is in euery of them, and what quantitie they haue of armour, ordinance, munition, victuals, tacklings and other necessaries, to the end that vpon sight hereof, hauing made choise of such as shall be fit for the sernice, we may further direct you what ye shall do. In the ' meane time you shall presently see this my commandement put in execution, and if there come thither any more ships, you shall also cause them to be stayed and arrested after the same onler, vsing therein such care and diligence, as may answere the trust that I repo.se in you, wherein you shall doe me great seruice. Dated at Barcelona the 29 of May. 1585. And thus haue you heard the trueth and manner thereof, wherein is to be noted the great courage of the maister, and the louing hearts of the seniants to saue their maiite^rom the daiinner of death : yea, and the care which the master had to saue so much of Wc owners goods .IS hee might, although by the same the ^c eatest is his owne losse in that he may neuer traui'll to those parts any more without the losse of his owne life, nor yet any of his ser- iiantes : for if hereafter they should, being knowen they are like to taste of the sharpe tor- ments which are there accustomed in their Holy-house. And as for their terming English lihippes to be in rebellion against thcni, it is siithciently knowen by themselues, and their owne consciences can not dcnie if, but that with lone, vnitie, and concord, our shippes haue eiier beene fauourable viito them, and as willing to pleasure their King, as his subiectes any way willing to pleasure English passengers. The Letters patents or priuiledgcs granted by her Maiestie to certaine Noble men and Marchants of London, for a trade to Barbaric, in the yeere |[)85. r.Li/.abeth by the grace of («od Queene of England, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, Sic. to the Treasurer & Barons of our I>che([ucr, and to al Maiors, shirifs, constables, 1 iistomers, collectors of our customes and subsidies, controllers, searchers, and keepers of our hauens and creekes, ports and passages, within this our realme of P.ngland and the do- minions of the same, and lo nl our oflicers, ministers and subiccts, and to all other whoso- euer to whom it shall or may ap|jcrtaine, and lo euery of them greeting. Whereas it is m.ide euidcntly and apparanlly knowen vnto vs, that of late yccres our right trustie and right welbeloued 599 w if t n*. t.;i'V>|J ' It I T)'r>» 600 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, A patent for Barhary. ^elbeloucd councellors, Ambrose Erie of Warwike, and Robert Eric of Leicester, and also our lolling and naturall subiects Thomas Starkie of our citie of London Alderman, Icrard Gore the elder, and all his sonnes, Thcimas G"re tlie eider, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alexander Auenon, Kichard Staper, William lenninjjs, Arthur Dawbeney, William Sherington, Thomas Bramlie, Anthony Garrard, Robert How, Henry Coltliirst, Edward Holmdcn, lohn Swinncrton, Robert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, Niiluilas Stile„()liii('r Stile, William Bond, Hcnric Far- rington, lohn Tedcastle, Walter Williams William Brune, lohn Suzan, lohn Newton, Tho- mas Owen, Roger AJield, R >licrt Washborne, Rcinold Guy, Thomas Ilitchcocke, Cicurse Lydiat, lohn Cartwright, Henry I'aiton, lohn Boldroe, Robert Bowyer, Anthonie Dasstll, Augustine Lane, Robert Lion, and Thomas Dod, all of London, Marchants now trad'ng iniu the Countrcy of Barbary, in the |)arts of Africa, vniler the gouernement of Muly Hammct SheriflTe, Emijcrcr of Marocco, and king of Fcsse and Sus, hauc sustained great ar.d gricuous losses, and arc like to suslaine greater if it should not be prcucnted : In tender cOsideration whereof, and for that diners Marchandi/e of the same Countries arc very necessary ami conuenient for the vse and defence of this inir Rcalme of England, and for diners other causes vs specially mouing, minding the reliefo and bcncfite of our said subiects, and the quiet traliquc and good gouernment to be had, and vsed among them in their said trade, of our speciall grace, cerlaine knowledge, and nieere motion hauc giuen and granted, and bv these presents for \ , our heires and successors, doc giue and grant vnto the saide Earlcs nl' Warwike and Leiccsc 'r, Thomas Slarkic, lerard Gore the elder, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alex- ander Auenon, Rich.ird Staper, William lennings, Arthur Dawbenie, William Shcringloii, Thomas Bramlie, Anthonie Gerrard, Robert Howe, Henrv (^ollhirst, Fxlward llolmden, loiin Svvinnerlon, Robert Walkaden, Simon Lawrence, Nicholas .ilc, Oliuer Stile, William Bonil, Henry Farrington, lohn TedcasiK-, Waller Williams, Wil'i.mi '"-une, lohn Suzan, li>hn New- ton, Thomas Owen, Roger AfiUl, Robert Wasliborne, ) "-uie, 'flionias llitchcoikc, CJeorne Lidiate, lohn Carlwrighl, Henrv I'avton, lohn i; Robert Bowyer, Anthony Dassell, Augustine Lane, Robert Lion, and Thomas I)( <1, ■' . ,,icy -ind cutry of them by themselues, or by their l.ulors or seriianis, and none i.llicr-, .sli;ill .uul may, for, and diirinj; the space of Vi. \ccrc<, hauc and cnioy tlie wIkvIc rnedomc nnd libirlie in liie saide tratiijiic or trade, vnto or from the said countrcy of ISarbary, or to I'r from any part thereof, fur tlic biiving and selling of all maner of wares and m:ni hamli/i's wlialsoeuer, that now or accuiin- inably herelofore hauc bene brought or transported, fro, or to the said ci.unlry of Barl):irv, or fro or to any of the cities, lowncs, places, ports, niadcs, hnuens, harbors or creeks of inr saiil country of Barbary, any law, statute, graunt, matter, cu>lumes or priiiilegt-s, to th,- cou- trary in any wise notwith»taiiding. And for the better establishing, ordering and goucrning of the said Fries of Warwike and Leicester, Thomas Starkie, &c aboucsaid, their Ijk tors, seruants a;id a-sigius in tlic Iradr aforesaid, we for vs, our heires .ind sm ccs^ors, doc b\ these |)rc-( nls gii!c and graunt lull h- , or Iroiu any Cilic, towiie, place, port, harbor or creekc I,' A A pui^nt for Barhary. c of Leicester, and also iindon Alderman, Icrard ie gentleman, Alexander iam Sherington, Tlioiras ilmden.lohn Swinncrton, 'illiam Bond, Henrie Far- izan, lohn Newton, Tho- mas llilchcockc, Cicorgi- )\%ycr, Anthonie Dasstll, arc'hants now trading into lement ol' Mnly Haniuut taincd great ai.d grieiious d : In tender cOsideration are very necessary and iiid, and for diners other Dur said subiect-*, and the hem in their said trade, of ■ incn and granted, and by lit vnio the saide Earlcs (4 hnr Atie gentleman. Aic\- (cnie, William Siicringloii, St. Inward llolmdcn, lolm :)liucr Slilc, William Bonil, i,c, lohn Suzan, I<>lm Ntw- '•uic, Thouas Ilitchcoikc, liMlxrt Bowvcr, Anthony ,,cy ...ml cucry of them by 11 Miul mav, lor, and diirinf; lilKTtic in the ^-aidc tralimio n any part thcTCol", lor tlic (icucr, that now or acruMo- ip s.iid K.nniry of Barhary, hirbors <>r creeks ol' tin- es i>r in-inilcgc-s, to tlu- con- saiil I'rlc- ol" Warwlke a:ul and a-Mf;iu's in the Ir.iilc Ills ^iiic and i;rannt lull li- lla- rc-t alirc-aidi-, and t > 111- vcrcs, at tluir plcasiinn uithiii (iiir liiic ol 1/ ihImi, roiistut of the -aid r.rlc uf nlinaiK i-s, lor, and toii'hini; vri> and e\c( iiti', and them ailcr, chan:;e and inakc he >aide trrinc, thi \ or iho If. „t contrary or repujinaut to And to the intent th:il ties ,e onr Letters patents, and •111 and licence before ha.l, icr of Marchandi/.es, to, or tnviic, place, port, liarlior or crcckc Patent for Barhary. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES, fiOl creeke within the said conntrey of Barbary, to, or out of our said Realmes and dominionsj wee Joe by these preiients straightly charge, commaund, and prohibiie all and eucry our Subiects whatsoeuer, other then only the said Erles of Warwlke and Leicester, Thomas Sta - kie, and the rest abonesaid, and cuery of them by themselues, or by their Factors or ser- uants during the saide terme, to trade or trafique, for or with any marchandize, to, or from the saide C(nintrcy of Barbary, or to, or from zwy the dominions of the same, as they ten- der our fauour, and will auoyde onr high displeasure, and vpon paine of imprisonment of his and their bodies, at our will and plearure, and of forfeiting all the marchandizes, or the full value thereof, wherewith they or any of them during the saide terme, shall trade or trafique to or from the said conntrey of Barbary, or to, or from the dominions of the same, contrary to this our priuilege and prohibition, vnlcsse it be by .nd with the cxpresse licence, consent, and agreement of the saide Erles of Warwikc and Leicester, Thomas Starkie, lerard Gore the elder, and all his sonnes, Thomas Gore the elder, Arthur Atie gentleman, Alexander Auenon, Richard Straper, William lennings, Arthur Dawbnie, William Snerington, Thomas Bramlie, Anthonie Gcrranl, Robert llowe, Henry Colthirst, Edward Holmden, lohn Swinnerton, Ro- bert Walkaden, Simon Lawxence, Nicholas Stile, Oliuer Stile, William Bond, Henry Faring, ton, lohn Tcdcasfle, Walter Williams, William Brunc, lohn Suzan, lohn Newton, Thomas Owen, Roger AHeld, Robert Washborne, Rainold Guy, Thomas Hitchcock, Geo.-ge Lidiate, &c. or by, and with the expressc licence and consent of the more part of them then lining and fradliiir. first had and obtained, so alwayes, that the sayd Earle of Leicester be one, if hee bee lining. And we further for vs, onr heires and successors of our spcciall grace, meere motion and certaine knowledge, do grnunt to the said Erics of Warwlke and Leicester, Thomas Starkie, and the rest abouesaid, and to cuerv of them, that nothiufi shall be done, to be of force or Naliditic touching the said trade or trafique, or the exercise thereof, without or against the con.sent of the saide Kries, Thomas Starkie, (and the others before named) d^'ring the time of tliese our Letters patents for Vi. yeeres as aforesaid. And for that the said Erles, Thomas Starkie, &c. and cuery of them aforesaid .^hould not be prcuented or interrupted in this their said trade, we do by these presents for vs, our heires and .successours, straightly prohibite and forbid all maner of person or persons, as well strangers of what nation or conntrey soeuer, as our owne Subiccts, other then onely the said Tries, Thomas Starkie, &c. and cuery of them as aforesaid, that they nor any of them from hencefoorth during the said terme of 12. yeeres, do or shall bring, or cause to be brought into this our Kealine of England, or to any the dominions thereof, any m.-iner of marchandizes whatsoeuer growing, or bcini; made within the said Conntrey of liarbary, or within any the dominions thereof, vnlcs.se it be by and with th? I'rpncc, consent and agreement of the .said Erles, Thomas Starkie, &c. or with the consent and licence of the more part of them then lining, first had and obtained, so alwayes y the sayd Erie of Leicester (if hee be lining) be one, vnder the paine that cuery one that shall offend or doe against this oin* present prohibi- tion here last abone mentioned in these presents, shall forfcite and lose all and singular the said marchandizes to be landed in any our realmes and dominions, cOtrary to the tenor and true meaning of this our prohibition \n that behalle prouidcd : the one moitie of all and euery which said forl'aitnres whatsoeuer mentioned or specified in these our present Letters patents, shalbe to vs, our heires & successors : And the other moity of al and euery the said forfai- tures, we doc by these presents of our certaine knowledge and meere motion, clearely and wholy for vs, our heires and successors, giue and graunt vnto the stid Erles, Thomas Star- kie, &c. And these onr Letters patents, vpon the oncIy sight thereof lut any further warnint, shal bee sulVu lent authoritie to our Treasurer of England for e ;i,-i ; being, to our Burons of the E\che(pier. and to all other onr ofliccrs that shall hau( e: ' n this behalfe> to make full allowance vnto the said Erics, Thomas Starkie, &c. their dC|.uties or assignee of the one nioiiie of all and singular the goods, marchandizes and things whatsoeuer men- tioned in these our present Letters patents, to be forfaitcd at any time or times during the ••aid terme of twclue ycres: which said allowance we doe straightly charge and commaund v«iL. II. 4 H from r ■ '.,1 ■ ■^•(l 1 1' 1 I 1l 11 'li f ft i .^._v il 1' ' 1 ilv f 608 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Hen. Roberts. from time to time to be made to the sayd Eries, Thomas Starkie, &c. and to euery of them accordingly, without any mancr of delay or denial! of any of our officers whatsocuer, as they tender our fauour and the furtherance of our good pleasure. And wee doe straightly charge and commaund, and by these presents prohibitc all and singular Customers and Collectors of our customes & subsidies, and comptrollers of the snme, of and within our Citie and port of London, and all other portes, rreckcs, & places within this our Rcalme of England, and euery of them, that they ne any of them take or percciiie, or cause, or suffer to be taken, receiued, or perceiued for vs & in our name, or to our vse, or to J- vses of our hcircs ui- successors of any person or personx, any sum or summes of money, or other things whatsn- euer during the said terme of 12. jere.s, for, and in the name & Hew or place of ;iny cus. tome, subsidy & other thing or duties to vs, our hciri's or successors due or to be due loi the customes & subsidies of any in.irchandizes whatsocuer growing, being made or coniin}> out of the said countrey of Barbary, or out of the dominions thereof, nor mako, cansi', nor suder to be made any entrie into our or their books of customs & subsidies, nor make anv agreement for the subsidies and customs, of, and for anv the sajil niarchants, sauing onclv with, & in the name of the said Erics, Tiiomas Starkie, &c. or the most part of thi-ni, a* they and euery if them will answerc at their vltermost perils to the contrary. And Cur the better and more sure ol)seruation of this our graunt, wcc will, and grant for vs, our hcircs \- successors by these presents, that the Treasurer & barons nl' our Exchequer for the time be- ing, by force of this our graunt or enrolment thereof in the said court, at al & euery time & times during the said terme of 12. yeres, at & vpon rrqui'«t made vnto them by the s.iid Eries, Thomas Starkie, &c. or by the atturneis, factors, thcr places within this our realrne of England, .im the said ErIes, Thomas Starkie, iScr. or anv the atturneis, factors, (le|)nties r)r assi^ncs of them or the most part of tiicm tiien liuin;j and trailing, shall at any time require, eommaunding and straightly charging tlicin and euerv of them, that they nor any of them at any time or times during the said terme of 12. yeeres, make any enirie of any wares or marchandizes whatsocuer, growing, being made or comming out or (rom the s.-jii| countrey of Barbarv, or the dominions thereof, nor receiue or take any custome, subsidie or other entrie, or make any agreement lor the same, other then with (,r in the name of the said ErIes, Thomas Star- kie, Sic. liie factor or factors, deputies or assignes of them »;r the most part of them ilicn liuing and trading, according to this our graunt, and the true meaning thereof, and accord- ing to our saidc will and pleasure before in these presents declared. In witnes.se whcrcul we haue caused these our Ix!ttcr» to be made patents. Witne.ssc our sclfe at Westminster the l). day of luly in the 27. \eere of our reigne. The .\ml)ass,igc of Master Henry Roberts, one of the sworne F.-iquires of her Nfaiesties person, friim her highncsse to .Mully ILimet Empcrour of .Marocco aiul thf King of Fe.s.se, and Sus, in the ycere I jSj : who remained there as I.igcr for the space of y. yeeres. Written briefly by himselfe. VPon an incorporation granted to the Company of Uarbary Marchants resident in London, 1 Henry Roberts one of her .Maicstie* sworne K.squires of her person, was appointed her lii^h- nesse measenger, and Agent vnto the al'orcsaid Mully Hamet Emperor of Marocco, kin;.' ot Fesse, and Sus. .Vnd alter 1 had receiued my Comiuission, instructions, and her Majesties letters, I departed Irom Loiulon the 14. of August in the yeere lf>85. in a tall ship called the A.scensinn, in the company of the Minion and Hopewell, and we all arriued in sal'etic at A/afi a port of Barhary, the 14. of September ne.vt following. The Alcaide of the towne (beiiij the kings officer there, and as it were Maior of the place ) receiued mee with ail humanitii- and honour, according to the customc of the Countrey, lodgini; me in the chiefest house of the towne, from whence I dispatched a messenger (which in their language they call a Trot- tero) -tf-- ■— ■ M. Hen. Roberta. c. and to eiiery of them Rcers whatsocuer, as they vee doe straightly charge histomers and Collectors within our Citie and port Rcalme of England, and c, or suffer to be taken, I ^- vses of our hcirc'* or yr," or other lhinj;'< whntMi- licw or place of any ciis. isors due or to be iliio loi .mi.ictl mee I should stay but one day for his letters : howbeit, vpon some (.ecasinn I was stayed vntil the M. of September at the kings charges, with 40. or 5i), shot attending \ pon me fi r my guard and safetic. From thence at length I was coiulucted with all things necessary to the port of Santa Cniz, being si\c dayes iounicy from Marocco, and the place where our shipper Jo commonly take in their lading, where I arriued the 21. of the same moneth. In this port I stayed 43. dayes, ami at length the second of Nouembcr I embarqued my selfe, and one Marshok Reiz a Cap- taine and a Gentleman, which the Emperour sent with mee vpon an Ambassage to her Ma- icstie : and after much torment and foulc weather at Sea, yet N'ew-yeres day I came on land ai S. lues in Cornwall, from whence passing by land both together vp towards London, we were met without the Citie with the chiefest marchants of the Barbary Company, well moiMited all on horscbacke, to the number of 40. or 50. horse, and so the Ambassadour and iny selfe being both in Coche, entred the citie by torchlight, on Sunday at night the 12. of lanuary l.')89. Esie es vn traslado bien y fielmente sacado da vna carta real del Key Muley Hamet de Fes y Emperador de Marruecos, cuyo tenor cs este, que Segue. COn el nombre de Dios piadoso y misericordioso, kc. El sieruo de Dios soberano, cl conquistador per sii causa, el succes-sor ensal<;ado por Dios, Emperador de los Moros, hijo del Emperador de los Morns, lariffe, Haceni, el que perpetue su honra, v ensalge su estado. Se pone este nuestro real mandado en manos de los criados de nuestras altas pucrtas los mercadores Ynglcses ; para que por el sepan fcnlos los que la presente vieren, come nuestro alto Conseio les an])ara con el fauor de Dios de todo aquello, que les enpeciere y dannarc en qiialqniera maiiera, que fueren oflcndidos, y en qualquiera viaie, que fueren, ninguno les captiuara en esios nuestros reynos, y puertos, y lugarex, que a nos pertenescen : y que les eiihre el anporo de nuestro podor de qualquiera futiga; y ningun los impida commanode ene- niistad, ni se dari causa, de que se agrauien en qualquiera manera con el fauor de Dios v desua cotnparo. Y nian '■ Tbc nntia Eoiliih. Concords el dia d'esta carta con veynte diaon of Myra Momanyn, tlse brill) the lla/eiii, whose kingdoms (kul maintaine Mul Ham. hia tettert. Rahman cl Catan. Tke Queenea kiters. TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 605 II Which ii with V.IJ87. maintaiiie and aduance his authuritie: Vnto the right famous, right noble, & right highly esteemed Erie of Leicester, after due praises giuen vnto God, & due blessings and sa« lutations rendred vnto the prophet Mahumet. These are to giue you to vnderstand, that your letters arriued here in our royal Court, and we wel perceiue the contents thereof. And your Ambassador which remaineth here in our Court told me the cause of the 8lownes,«c of the gages or pledges vntil this time: which reckoning we accept of, and holde ourselues as satisfied. And as touching the matter wherof you write vnto vg concerning lohn Herman, and the "clfe same complaint which your Anibassador hath made of him, before the comming of your letter, we had already commaunded him to be taken vpon the complaint which your Ambassadour had made of him, whereupon he stil remaineth in hold, and shal so continue vntil further iustitc be done vpon him according to his desert. And so our Lord keepe you in his saicgard. Written at our royall court in Marocco, which God maintaine, the 20. day of the moncth Remodan, Anno || 996. The Queenes Maicsties letters to the Emperour of Marocco. MVy alto, y niuy podcroso Sennor, Auiendo cntcndido de parte de nucstro Agente la mucha aficion, y volontad, que nos TheQueenej tcneys, y quanta honra, y lauor le hazeys por amor nucstro, para dar nos tanto mayor testimo- Emperour. nio de vuestraamistad, hemos rcccbido de lo vno y dc le otro muy grande contento, y sntisfa- cion : y assy no podcmos dcxar de agradesccroslo, como mcreccys. Vuestras cartas hemos tambicn rccibido, y con cllas holgadonos infinitamente, por venir de parte de vn Principe, d quien tencmos tanta obligacion. Nucstro Agente nos ha cscripto sobre cicrtas cosas, que desscays scr OS cmbiadas dc aqui: Y, aunque queriamos poder os en cllo puntualmente co- plazer, como pidiz, ha succcdido, que Lis gucrras, en que stamos al presente occupadas, no nos lo consientcn del todo: Hcrrms pcr6 mandado, que sc os satisfaga en parte, y conforme \ lo que por agora la neccssitad nos pcrmitc, como mas particularmentc os lodcclararui> ..» olfendcd '^"s'"'' "*■'■ ( •'.I J V) t' n li'J tfli M I m *'i.:. m • I i< t (i06 VOYACES, NAUIGATIONS, P. Sarmienio i oktfi Thf gouemrtr of S. Michacltikfu firuoiicr. Vrdio Sirmi- citu the goun- nour of thf ^tijiijhti ij Mjgrlin ukri) j'luoiin. A hlii{i latlrn with liiJi taltrn ind rclrlKii ajalJir. Onr t)f lh« thij tAkcii, mil lit liwjy with }■ pfriuui. Th« Cinuel ii 'jkcti. (■trended vs, in such sort as wee haiic sent word viito you, wee hauc giuen order to mir Kaid Agent to informc yon more particularly in th.n which wc ilesire to be done in thin busine^, praying you iilso to command the same to be put in execution : and that it «\ould please you alwayes to fauour our said Aijenl ;ind lo K.ild him in good crcdile, as you huuedone hi- therto, not suflTering yoiir-elfc to be chaiiu;td in your opinion, for all the False reports whiih they may raise against him, nor to dniilii that wee will not accomplish at large all ihat he shail promise you on our I eliaife. Our i.onl kcepe and presenie your rinht high and nii;j;hiic person. Written in our rtiyall Court at Cir«enwich the 20. of hily l;)S7. A vovage to the .Vzoi-es wiih two j)in.i>es, the one called the Serpent, and the other the Mary Sparkcof I'tinioulh, both of them belonging to Sir W.nltcr Halogli, written bv lohn Ivicshain Gentleman, wherein were taken the goiicrnoiir, of the Isle of Sainct .Michael, aiul I'cdro Sanniento goucrnoiir of the Straits ol' Ma- galanes, in the yeerc l.'»8C. 'I'llc 10. of lune 1586. we departed from Plimoiiih with two Piriases, the rne nainr.J iJic Serpent, nf the burden of '.ib. Tunnes and the cthi r the .Marv Sp.irkc of I'liinoulii til ilic burthen of ."jO. Tiuw, both of them belonging in sir \\ iltcr Haleigh l-nigl.t; and directing dui course towards the coast of Spaine, & from thence towards the Isles of the A/orrs, we tonkp a small barke laden with Sumacke and other commmlitie^, wherein was the giiieriuiur uf S. .Michaels Island, being a Portugal, hauing itlur roriui'als and Spaniards with him. Ami from thence we .sailed to the Island of (iracio:.a to the We-ilward of the Island of Tcriem, where we disiricd a saile, mid bearing with hrr wee found her to be a Spaniard: Rut at i!ie lir-.! not greatly respecting wliu we tooke, so that we might haue enriched oursrliies, wlmli was the (an»c of this tuir trju:iile, and ftir that \»e would nut bee knnwen of wliat nafitni we were, wee displayed a while silke ensigne in our maine toppe, which they seeing, iTi:i(le at - conipt that we had bene some uf the king of S[)aines Armadas, l)ing in wait for Fnglisii ineii of war: but when we came within -Iv t of Ik r, wc ttioke dowiie one white llagge, and spread abroati the Crosse of S George, which when they saw, it n^.nde them to flie as fast as they ininiit, but all their haste was in vaine, Tt our shippe-. wen- -.wifier uf saile then tliey, which llu\ fearing, diil presently ea->t their tjrdinitnci' aiitl small -Imi \>iih many letters, and the dral'i lii the Straights of .Magelan into the Sea, and lhere\pon immedlallv \xe ftitike her, wherein \mt also tooke a gentleman of Spaine, named I'edro Sarmieiiti', gmierncur of the .Straights uf M,i. gelan, which saide I'edro we brought into England with \s, and presented him to our mmh-- raigne Lady the Queene. .■\fier this, lying oil" and about the Islands, wee descried another saile, and bearini; aftrr her, we spent the maine maste of our ,\ilmirall, but > et in the night tinr \'ice.idmirall t.ikt her, being laden with fish Iron. Cape HIanke, the which shippe wee let got- againe lor um' of men to bring her hmne. The next day we (li>cried two other sailes, the one a slii|)pe aiil the other a Carmel, to whoni we gaue i ha>e, which they seeing, with all specile inatie i i vndcr the Isle of Graciosa, to a certainc Fort there for their succour, where thev came to an anker, and hauing the wiiide of vs we could not hurt them with our ships, but we haiiini; a small boate, which we called a light horseman, wherein my sclfe was, being a Musqiieter, ami foure more with Caliuers, and foure that rowed, came neerc vnto the shore against ihewimle, which when they saw vs come towards them thev carried a great part of their marchamli/e on land, whither also the men of both vessels went and landed, ami as soon as wet.nnf within Musquct shot, thev began to sht-ote at vs with great ordinance and small shot, and wc likewise at them, and in the endc we boorded one sliipjie wherein wai no man left, so we cut her cables, hoysed her sailes, and sent her awa\ with two of our men, and the (;lhcr 7. of \s passed more neere \nto the shoare, .Tiid boorded the Carauel, which did riile within a stones ca-t from the shoare, and no neere the land that the people did (a^l stones at vs, but \et in des|)ight of them all we tooke her, and one oiulv Negro therein ; and cutting her cables m the hawse wehoysed her sailes and being becalineil Mulcr the laml we were constrained i> rowe her out with our boate, Uie Etrt still shooting at vs, and the people on land wiili MusquMt'- p. Sarmiento t a ken f giuen order to our Haid be done in thin husincH, md that it \>ould plcasr lite, as you haiic done lii- ill the false reports whii h nplish at !arj;e all that lie Hir ri^hl high ;iiid minhtii' y 1..S7. \v Serpent, and llic to Sir Waller R:ile)-li, he (jouernour, of the ,r the Straits of Ma- 'iiKises, the <-ne nanirj the 4p.irke of I'liinoiitii III llic 1 l-nijilit; and directiii;- (uii cs of till- A/orrs, we tcmkc 1 was tin- gi uerni'iir ufS Spaniards with liim Ami I of the Island of Timi i. , he a Spaniard: Rut at t'.ic enriched oursoliies, wimh knowen of wl at iiafinM wc liih they seeing, m;iile k - inj; in wait for Rn<;lis'n iron Mil- white flajrge, ami -spread 1 to (lie as fast as they iniuhl, .aile then they, whirh ihc) ;mv litters, and the dr.il't nl \\c tooke her, wherein \mt niiir of the Straights. . f Nf.i- presented him to onr muic- ther sai!e, and heariiii; afirr li.'ht our Viieadmirall i i ki wee let gin- :i};nine for w.:;' viiies, tiie one a shippo ;i! il ii;, with all speiile iiunk' i : •our, where they eaine to an our ^hips, but we hauuiu a was, being a Musqueter. ami the shore aj;ainst thewiiulc, •ill part of their marthaiidi/.e [■d, and as soon as we ( .iine janre and sitiall shot, and '.w ill was no man left, so we lul ir men, and the other 7. of \s ,hirh did ride within a stout". (a^-t Mones ;il vs, hut \et in n ; and cutting iier cahles in land we were constrained t > lid the people on land wiili Musquwl- Slr Franrh Drake. TRAITIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. (i07 Musqucts and caliuer.4, to the niitnber of 150. or thereabout : and we answered them with the Hinall force wee had; in the time of which our shooting, the shot of my Musquet being a cros<es, we did as before, turne away the shippe with the fish, without hurting them, and from one of the other shippes wee tookc her mainc Maste to scrue our Admirals turne, and so sent her away putting into her all the Spaniards and i'ortiigals, (sauing that gentleman Pedro Sarmiento, with three other of the Thepriiw priiH'i|ial men and two Negroes) leaning them all within sight of land, with bread and water '*"''"'""• siidicieni for 10. dayes if neede were. Thus setting our course for England, being ofTlhe Islands in the height of 41. degrees, or there about, one of our men being in the toppe discried a saile, then 10. saile, then 15. whereupon it was coiu:Iiii»i'>' all laden with Treasure, spices, and Migarswilh which 24. shippes we with two small Pinasses did fight, and kept company the space of .'i2. Iioures, continually fighting with them and they with vs, but the two C'ararks kept still betwixt the Flecte and v.s, that wee could not take any one of them, so wanting powder, wee were forced to giue them ouer against our willcs, for that wee were all wholly bent to the gaining of some of them, but necessitic com- pelling vs, and that onely for want of powder, without losse of any of our men, (which was a thing to be wondered at considering the incqualitic of number) at length we gaue them oiicr. Thus wc againe set our course for Kngland, and so came to IMimouth within (i. houres The*. pimsKi after our prizes, which wc sent away 40. houres before vs, where wee were receiued with g'^Tn'/"' triumphant ioy, not onely with great Ordinance then shot oH", but with the willing hearts of all the people of the Towne, and of the Countrev thereabout ; and we not sparing our Or- dinance (with the powder wee had left) to requite and answerc them againe. And from thence wee brtable seruice performed bv Sir Francis Drake vpon the Spanish Flecte prepared in the Road of Cidiz : and of his destroying of 100. saile of barks ; l'a.s.-iiig from thence all along the coast to Cape Sacre, where also hce fooke certaine FiTt.- : and so to the mouth of the Riuer of Lisbon, and thence crossin'^ ouer to the Isle of Sant Michael, supprized a mighty Carack called the Sam Philip romming out of the Iv.ast India, which was the first of that kinde that cuer wa< scene in Kngland : Performed in the yecrc 1.^)87. HEr .Maicstie being informed of a mightie preparation by Sea begunne in Spaine for the inuasion of Kngland, bv good .aduiseof her graue and prudent Counsell thought it expedient to preiicnt the same. Whereupon she caused a Fleete of some ^0. sailes to be rigged and furnished with all things necessary. Ouer that Flecte she appointed (iencrall sir Francis Drake (of whose manilold former good seruiccs she had sullicient prool'e) to whom she caused 4. ships of her Nanie royall to be deliuered, to wit, The Rimaucnture wherein him- selfe went as (Jeneral ; the Li(m \nder the conduct of Master William IJorough Controller of the Nauie ; the Dread-nought viider the command of M. Thomas Venner ; and the Raine- bow, captaine whereof was M. Henry Ucllingham : vnto which 4 ships two of her pinasses were ■1, f ■ I •'i il liir' i\ 1. I 1 \l I., ■H I" ,. V 1 ! • p;. \' I I H u If If f WtMi' ii ^4''. ' 'A' VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Francii Drakt. were appointed m hand-maid*. There were aliu) added vntn thin Fleet certaine tall sKlpn of the Citie of London, of whose enpeciall good seriiice the Generall made parliciilar me ntiuii in hit priuate Letters directed to her Maiciitie. This Fleete ttet saile from the !s there was one new ship of an extraordinary hugenesse in burthen aboue 1200. tui)ne«. belonging to the Marqucsse of Rnnia Cruz being at that instant high Admiral of .Spaine. I Iik of them were great ships of Biskay, whereof •!•. we lircd, as they were taking in the Killl;^ proiiision of victuals for the furnishing of his Fleet at IJsbon: the fift being a ship aliuiii 1000. lunnes in burthen, laden with Iron-xpikes, nailes, yron lnjopes, horkc-shooes, and other like necessaries Ixmnd for the West Indies we (iretl in like n^aner. Also we tookc a shipof^fjO. lunnei laden with wines for the Kings pr(>uision, which wee caried out to ihc Sea with vs, and there discharged the said wines for our owne store, and afterward »ct her in lire. Morcouer we tookc A. Flylwalsof JiOO. tunncs a piece laden with biscuit, whereof one was halfe vnladen by vs in the ilarborow, and there fired, and thte other two we tcM>ke in mir company to the Sea. Likewise there were fired hy vs ten oiIkt ships whirii were laden y\i\, wine, raisins, tigs, oiies, wheat, & such like. To eonelude, the wlioie iiinnl>er of shi[M iim! barkcs (as we suppose) then burnt, suncke, and brought n\say with V'J, amounted to .'{() n the least, being (in our indgement) about 10000. lunnes of shipping. There were in sight of vs at Porto Real al)oul 40. ships, besiijrs those that fled from C.kIi/ We found little ease during our ahoad there, by reason of their eontinuali «hooiini; Ifun the (tallies, the fortresses, and from the shoare : where coiiliiuialK at plaecs eoniicnieiit tinr planted new ordinance to oll'end vs with : besides the ine()niieiiitn guard others. There were ncucr Gallics that had better plate and fitter opportu- nitie for their aduautagc to fight with whips: but they were siiJl forced to retire, wee riding in a narrow gut, the place vcclding no better, and driucn to mi>intainc the same, vntill wco had discharged and fired tfie shippes, which could not conut".iently be done but vpon the flood, at which time they might driue rleare off vs. Thus being victualed with bread and wine at the enemies cost for diuers moncths (besides the prouisions that wc brought from home) our Gcncrall dispatched Captaine Crosse into England with his letters, giuing him further in charge to declare viilo her Maicstie all the particularities of this our first cnJer- prizc. After whose departure wee shaped our course toward Cape Sacrc, and in the way thither wee lookc at seucrall times of ships, barkcs, and Caraucls well neercan hundred, laden with hoope*. gally-oares, pipe-staucs, & other prouisions of the king of Spaine, for the furnish- ing of his forces intended against KiigKind, al which we burned, hauing delt fauourably with the men and sent them on shoare. We nko spoiled and cdsumed all the fisher-boats and nets thereabouts, to their great hinderance: and (as wc suppose) to the vtter ouerthrow of the rich fishing of ihcir Tunics fir the same ycrc. At length we came to the aforesaid Cape Sacre, where we went <.n land; and the better to enioy the benelite of the place, and to ride in harborow at our pliMsiire, we assailed the same castle, and three other strong holds, which we tooke some by f'.rce anil some by surrender. Thence wc came before the haiien of Lisbon ankering nerc vnto Cascais, where the Mar- ques (if Santa ('ni/. was with his (iailies, who seeing; vs chase his ships a shoare, ft take and carv aw.iy his barks and Caraucls, was content to suffer vs there quietly to tary, and likewise to depart, and neuin^ towariU llu- Isle of .Saint Michael, within 20. or .'?0. leagues thereof, it was his good f Tluiie to nice;e with a I'ortugale Carak railed Sant I'hilip, being the same shippcThtCtncic whicii ir) tlic voyage outward had caned thi" .'{. I'rinces of lapan, that were in Europe, into""'''*'". ^'"" ilie Indies. This Carak without any great resi-tance he tooke, bestowing the people thereof " "" ill rerl.iirie vessels well furnished with victuals, and sending them courteously liomc into tlieir Countrey : and this wms the first Carak that euer was taken comming foorth of the East Indies ; whicli the I'ortugals tooke for an euil signe, because the ship bare the Kings owne name. The riches of this pri/.e seemed so great vnto the whole Company (as in trueth it was) that they assured ihemsclues euery man to hnue a suflicicnt reward for his trauel: and thereupon they all rcsolued to returne home for England : which they happily did, and arriiied in I'liniouth the same Sommer with tlieir whole I'lecte and this rich booty, to their owne profile and due commendation, and to the great admiration of the whole kingdonie. And here by the way it is to be noted, that the making of this Carak wrought two extra- ordinary elVccH in England: first, that it taught others, that Caracks were no such bugs but that they might lie taken (as since indeed it hath fallen out in the taking of the Madre de Dio.s, and fvrcing and sinking of others) and secondly in acquainting the English Nation more generally with the particularities of the exceeding riches and wealth of the East In- dies : wherebv thernsehies and their neighbours nl' Holland hauc bene incouraged, being men as skilfuU in Nauigation and of no lessc courage then the I'ortugals to share with them VOL. II. i i in ,1 H • 1 'I k*,-. H i M l*i'll .-I'- ll lit 11 i' Wi'iM],,:ki>: wiikfm '/•; 1 410 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONR, A palent for Stntga, in the Eul Indiei : where their utrcngth i.s nothing ko great rm«»ny called by the name of Gambra, and within that Riuer: which, as we are informed, ihcy ■e< loo^ro It. 1^^^^^ already once performed accordingly : And for th.it we arc credibly giuen to vndersiand that the further proHCcuting of the name voynge, and the due and orderly cttlablishing of an orderly trafique and trade of marchandixe into thohc Countrien, wil not only in time be wry beneficial to thcite our KealmcHand dominions, but also be a great xiiccourand reliefc vnio the present distrcMited estate of thoiie I'ortugaU, who by our princely fauour Hue and continue here vndtr our protection: And conidering tiiat the aducnturing and enterpri'eliies or by their seriiant* or Factors and none othew, shall and niav for and during the full spai <• and terme of teniie yecres next ensuing the date of these pre- Hents, haue and eniny the free and whole traliqiie, trade and feat of marchaiidise, to and friiii', the said Northermost part of the aaid Kiuer, commonly ealled by the name of the Kiuer li" Senp<;.i : and from and within tliat riiier all aion;; the ((la^t of (iiiinea, vnto the ISoutherninsi part of the said liiiier, commonly called b\ the name of the Kiuer of (iamlira, .ind 'wiilijii that Kiuer also. And that they the said William Brayley, liilbert Smith, Nicholas Spiier, lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Kichard Duderige, Anthony Dassel niul Nichol s I'urner, «.^ euery of them, by them»eliics <>r bv their seruanis or Fat tors, \- >.ii li is they or tiie most part ( f them shall receiue into their Company anil socii tic, to be Iradii- with t'lein into ilie s.i>d Countreis (as i» aforesaid) and none nthers, shall and may, for, and ili-ring the snid spaee and terme of 10. yercM, haue and enicv the side & whole tntique or trade of marchaiulize into and from the said places* afore liinitted and described, for the buyiig & selling, bartering and c!ianging of and with any gmd-;, wares, and marrhanJi/es wh.itsoruer, io be vented had or found, at or within any the citie-*, lownes, or places ^ilu.lted or being in 'he eountri , p.irtes it toxstes of (Juinea before liinitted, any law, statute, or ^niunt, matter -usoiiir or priuilegcK tu the contrary in any wise nolwitlutandin^. And fui- the bcttn^f orucriuk, esta- blinhing, A patent for Sinr/fa. iretoforc halh l>ci»c mihi- of the Vfni parts, Cianibra in fluinen, Irrland, dcfcmlrr of the r and Baroim «)!' our Ux- lOfiuT. greclinK VVIicrc- 1 Spiirr, and IoIhi Dori- r toiiDty "I" Di'iion ni.ir- iion Marihant, AniliDnii- auc bone pcrKwailcil aiul iiH, to vndcrlakc aiul >ci ft, from the N(>rllllTlncl^t nega, and from and with- anothcr Iliucr commonly I wc arc informed, tlicy dibly giucn tn vndcntaiid orderly c»lablisl)inK of an I not only in time be very iccour and rcliefc vnln the laiiour line and continue ind entcrpri-ing of a newc lurer* in the beginning;; icttH William Brayley.Ciil- Doderi^e, Anthonic U.i»- Je in their «aide aducniurc i^c thereof for a icriaine nd « (Misiderations vh n|)cti- k> motion, we haue nincii Low doe giuc and uraimt e v^sewed, limitted and appointed. So alwivt!*, iiifho iiiicorrlcrs, '.<,;,'iil.'i.\jinafidordi'.:«ii'''*'b.*notrepugnant or contrary to the tuw.ii, •>i;a'i".es, ai'n .■urnpM.'s, t*ii«f«ril hy t'.. r I'ni'ipuMy of our Marchants, named Ad« iienti 'tilt. Ami \o the '..i-'nt Miat ill"/ oiirly, tn t^m lie salt! power and libertic of tralique anil trafle if inarcliar. ','.*c is rr.iunli'.! 'jy hu *>• o i ' '.ett'rs n.iten'r aforesaid, and none others vfhatsoenrr, ^% .thoM i.,f ii -i.^' t ia'I iofise-'t it.'l lit ense htf :.\ hpc^, ihrll, during the naid terme often yeeres vse, or h?.»t<,; tratic or trfllique, w'th or lor Oiv lonei of goods or marihan- dizes, tn mil from '.ir sr-'r'; ' .usfn nr par:< of Cni>n'j ttr.T-v- i.tiit.d: Wee doe by these pre- sents, by oiu ioyall and •iiprenie ;v(ifl ontic, ifr .n»t tly rhargt mu ■ ommaund, that no person or persons whatsoe.t-r f>y {h<-.n-eiuc?, or by their i;,ttor» , or ■,i..';;r.t?. during the said terme of 10. veres, shri! m anv '*ise fr.'ic or t/af'uiir.', .''i)r or with nnv ;;< fds or march.mdizes, to or from the said t o.i,r' and ].'yr(» of fJuine.i alV. e limitted, oti f, lien the said William Brayley, Gilbert Smith, NirKi.lr; Srir PI, iohri Ddiroi, lohn Y >i.n^, Hi<-h.''id Doderige, Anthony Dassell, and Nicholas Turne*, ;nvj >,i-r'u a. ;roni tlvnii \i< time, ihev. < i the most part of them, shall recciue into their so. ietic or coirip^sny, U- L-r Jradtrs ^,iih I'lcm, as is aforesaid, as they tender our uunur, and will auoyde i .ir lu^^h .'ispl'a.siin , and v loi paine of imprisonment of his or their bodies, at our will and plea'Dre, nnd lo lo.^e an 1 fi)rieit the ship or shippes, and all the goods, wares, and mar h,i«di/es, wherewith 'li.' y, ot aiy nf them shal, during the said tcrmc of 10. yerr-), irvU-, t r tra(!uiir to or from tl '■ 'aid Countries, or any part thereof, according to the 'imiiation aboiir mcinin/>»d contriry to our exprcsse prohibition and restraint, in that beiulfe. Aiid liirther, ui> do by these prrse its giue and graunt full power and authoritie to the mid Willi, n r.iniN, i J r^.iS'cli, mil Nicholas Turner, and to such other persons, as they shal recciue in'io their sorittr a-id ctnnpany, to be traders with them, as is aforesaid, and the most Wi ( y t'lem for t'le lime being : that they, and eucry of them, by thcmschie.s, their fac- tors, .lepiitii's, or aMijrnes, shall and may, lr. II, and Nidiolas Turner, and such other persons, as they shall receiue info their socii-iie and Company, to l)c tmders with them, as aforesaide, to their owne proper vsc and belio(ic : wiiich said .illowain cs and paimcnts thereof, our will and |)leasure is, and we do straightly < hari;e and commaund, to bee from time to time duely made and performed accordingly, witJK'Ut any delay or denial of any our officers aforesaid, or any other our officers or minister- whatsoeuer. And we do straightly charge and command, and by tlic>e presents prohi.ile all ami singular our custom- ers, ci Hectors, and fanners of our Customes and subsidies, and contr Hers of the same, of and within our poits of the cilic of London, and tiic Citie of Exeler, and all other j)orli, crcckcs, and places, within this our Healme of England, andeuery of liiem, and all other our officers and ministers whatsoeuer, which haue <'r shall haue any dealing or intermedliiiL:, tt-urhing our said Customes and subsidies, that they, nc any of them 1)\ thcmselue.^, their clearks, deputies, or substitutes, or any of them take or receiue, tir in any wi-e eau>.e or suffer to be taken or receiued for vs, or in our name, or to our \>e, or fir, or in tiie r.anies or to the vses of our heires «)r susors, of any person, or person-, any summe or suninirs of money, or other things whatsoeuer, jluriiig the said ternie of ten xeerc-^, for, or in il;c name, lieu, or place of any Custonie, snbsidie, (T other thing or duetie, to vs, our hi ires, or successors, due. or to be due, lor the Customes (t subsidies of am su( h goods, wares, tj marchandizes, to be transported, caried, or Itrought to or from the priuile^ed places, before in these presents mentioned, or any of them : nor make, luir cause to be made anv entry into, or of the bookes of subsidies or customes, nor make any agreeoicnt for the Cu-tonus or subsidies, of, or for any goods, wares, or marchandizes, to bee sent to, or returned Innii any the priuileged places, before in these presents mentioned, sauing onelv with, and in the name, and by the consent of the saide William Ilravlry, (iilbert Smith, Nicholas Spiicr, lohn Doricot, lohn Yong, Kichard Doderige, Antoiiie Da>sel, and Nicholas Turner, or if some of tlieni, or of such as they or the most part of them shall receiue into their societie and Company, as afresaid. Proiiided alwaies, that if at any tune hereafter, we our seli;e>;, by our writing signed with our proj)er haiul, or any si\e i r n.ore of our priuie Counsell, tor the time being, shall, by our direction, and bv writing signed and subs( ribcd witli their Iiands, signilie and noiifie to the said William Ikay'ley, Ciilbcit Smith, NichoLis Spicer, lohn l)i ri- cot, lohn Yong, Hichard Doderige, Anthony Dassell, and Nicholas Turner, t in this spi i iail priuiiege, that our will and pleasure is, that the said trade and trafique shal cease, and be no longer continued into the saide coasles and partes of Guinea before limited: then ininiediallv from and af"ter the eiule of sixe moneths next insuing, after such signilicali(ui & notification so to be giuen to any of the said Company and societie, as is aforesaid, or otherwise to our Officers in our ports of Exeter or Plimouth, by (hem to be notified to such as shall haue interest in this speciall pri- uiiege, these our present letters Patents, and our graunt therein contained shall be vtJerly vovde. ^ patent for Senega. nr and toward-" the reliePe r resa'ul. Aiul the other r ccriaiiic kiiow'f'^e niul crily and wholy v nto tlic (lit, li'hii Yiinf;'i Hirhard |)Crs()iis, as ihcy ^hnll re- niir Irtlcrs p^tc'nt^, or tlie olhiT \wirranl, xhall from lid aiillioriiic to curTroa- .ihcqiirr, and tc all otiier criaiiir, to allow, doliucr, e saiil Portiijials, and 'mu- ivip\, (Jilt)crt Smith, Ni- nv 'l)a'<>. II, and Nii liolas ii-lie and Company, to be .jc : which said .illowanciN ( hai>;c and coninuiund. to K'lil aiiV di'lay or deni.il of whafw-cuer. And we do I and >.insular our riistoin- onir Hers ol the same, oi' elcr, and all other porti, of iheni, and all other our diMlinj; or inteminllinL:, tlicin 1)> fhcinscUie-, their •, or in any wi-e cau-e or »c, or fir, or in the i.anii-s inri, any >innine or >nmiiirs ten \ecrcs, for, or in liic r dnelie, to vs, our hi ires, am siK h ^{oods, wares, i r prinileued places, bclori' ise to he ni.ide anv entr\ i;reeiucnt for the C'u«loniis esent to, or returned Inun aning onelv with, and in ert Smith, Nichol.is Spinr, nd Nicholas Turner, oril' receiue into their sucieiic le hereafter, wc our seli;c<, of our priuic Coinisell, lor «uhM ribcd willi their liaiuN, iic'htda.s Spicer, lnhn 1). ri- I Turner, ■ r to any of them, e into iheir Cnmp.inie and if Ivxeter, . of October before wee were able to reach Plimouth, and there we stayed (to our great expense of victuals) for lacke of winde and weather viito the 14. of December. On Saturday the said 14. of December we put from thence, and about midnight were thwart ol the Li/.arl. Thursdav the second of January wee had sight of the land neere Rio del ore, God be thanked, Riodtiorc.Wii and there had 21 degrees of l.ititude. and 47. minutes. "[mir"'"'"' Tiio iiiirde of laiuuiry wee had sight of Cauo de las Barbas, and it bare Southeast fine cjuoJcUg leagues oil". "^'''"• The 4 we had sight of the Crosiers in the morning. Crowerj. Tuesday the 7. day we had sight of Cauo vcrde, and I finde this place to be in latitude 14. c.,uo Vcrdcin degrees, and i'.t. minutes, being 4. leagues from the shoarc. 14.jfgr.4j.n1. Friday the 17. Cauo dc Monte bare olf vs North Northeast, we sounded and had .W. fa- cnudc Monte. tliom blacke oase, and at 2. of the clocke it bare North Northwest 8. leagues od". And Cauo Mensurado bare of vs Kast and by South, and wee went Northeast with the mnine: here the na^' currant setteth to tiie K.ist Southeast alongst the shoarc, and at midnight wee sounded and had 26. fathonie lihicke oase. The 18 in the morning we were thwart of a land much like Cauo verde, and it is as I iudge 9. league^ rom (.'auo .Mensura 11 'W|y|li l.ii 614 T»o while watch-houirs. AIonitRtdcodo. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M, lames Welsh. v;uitoiti. Kiod(L«|ot. Vcfy iliallow WllCIf Rio dc UjiL, Rio Benin. We*t»atd. Ten fixHf wa- ter kpan ihe birtf of Rii> dc llciiin. aboord, but he would not. And ouer the castle vpon the hie rockea we did see as it might be two watch-houses and they did shew very white : and we went eastnortheast. The 4 in the morning we were thwart a great high hill, and vp into the lande were more high ragged hilles, and those I reclconed tu be but little short of Monte Redondo. Then I reckoned that we were 20 leagues Southeast-ward Trom the Mina, and at 11 of the clocke I sawe two hilles within the land, these hils I take to be 7 leagues Trom the first hils. And to sea-ward of these hilles is a bay, and at the east end of the bay another hill, and from the hils the landes lie verie low. Wc went Eastnortheast, and East and by North 22 leagues, and then East along the shore. The 6 we were short of Villa longa, and there we met with a Portugall Carauell. The 7 a faire temperate day, and all this day we road before Villa longa. The 8 at noone we set saile from Villa longa, and ten leagues from thence we ankered againe and stayed all that night in ten fadom water. The 9 we set saile, and all alongst the shore were very thicke woodes, and in the after- noonc we were thwart a riuer, & to the Eastward of the riuer a litle way oflT was a great high biish-tree as though it had no leaues, and at night we ankered with faire and temperate weather. The 10 we set saylc and went East, and East and by South 14 leagues along the shoare, which was so full of thicke woods, that in my iudgement a man should haue much to doe t» passe through them, and towards night we ankeretl in 7 fadome with faire weather. The 1 1 we say led East and by South, and three leagues from the sltore we had but 5 fadome water, and ail the wood vpon the land was as euen as if it had beene cut with a paire of gar- deners shccrcs, and in nmning of two leagues we descemed a high tuft of i^rees vpon the brow of a land, which shewed like a Porpase head, and when wee came at it, it wvc sent the boat and pinneiae into the riuer with the marchants, and after that we set .saile, because we road in shallow water, and went Soulh.southeast, and the starbord tacke aboord vntill we came to fiue fathom water, where we road with the currant to the Westward: then came our boat out of the harbour and went aboord the pinnesse. The West part uf the land was high browed much like the head of a Gurnard, and the Eastermost land was lower, and had on it three tufts of trees like stackes of wheate or cornc, and the next day in the morning we sawe but two of those trees, by reason that we went more to the East- ward. And here we road still from the 14 of Februarie vntill the 14 of Aprill, with the winde at Southwest. The 16 of Februarie wc rode siill in 5 fadome, and the currant ranne still to the Westward, the winde at Southwot, and the boat and pinnesse came to vs againe out of the riuer, and told vs that there was but ten luute water vpon the barrc. All that night was drowsie, and yet reasonable temperate. The i M. lames Welsh. M. lames Welsh. TRAFTIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 61B Sickfiftte among ournici. The 17 a close day the windeat Southwest. Our marchants wayed their gnods and put tliein aboord the pinncs.sc to goe in*o the riuer, and there came a great currant out of the riuer and set to the Westward. The 18 the marchants went with the boat and pinnesse into the riuer with their commo- tities. This day was close and drowsie, with thunder, raine and lightning. The 2't a close morning and temperate, and in the afternoone the boat came to vs out of the riuer from our marchants. Twcsday the 4 of March, a close soultry hot morning, the currant went to the Westward, and much troubled water came out of the riuer. The 16 our pinnesse came a boord and Anthonie Ingram in her, & she brought in her 9t bags of pepper, and 28 Elephants teeth, and the Master of her and all his company were sicke. This was a temperate day and the winde at Southwest. The 17. 18. and 19 were fairc temperate weather and the winde at Southwest. This day the pinnesse went into the riuer againe, and carried the Purser and the Surgion. The 21> of the said moneth 1589 we sent the boate into the riuer. The 30 our pinnesse came from Benin, and brought sorowfull newes, that Thomas Hem- stead was dead and our Captaine also, and she brought with her 159Ceron8or sackesof pep- ThtdMthof ,„, ,^.., ' " ^ ^ the Caplaine. per and Elephants teeth. Pc,,pc, jc ei«. Note that in all the time of our abiding here, in the mouth of the riuer of Benin, and in ph"n"t«th. all the coast hereabout it is faire temperate weather, when the winde is at Southwest. And '"* when the vinde is at Northeast and Northerly, then it raineth, with lightning and thunder, and is very intemperate weather. The 1.3 of Apriil 1589 we set saile homewards in the name of lesus. In the morning we sayled with the winde at Southwest, and lay West and by North, but it prooued calmc all that night, and the currant Southeast. The I -^ the riuer of Benin was Northeast 7 leagues from the shore, and there was litle winde and towards night calme. The 17 a faire temperate day the winde variable, and we had of latitude foure degrees and 20 minutes. The 25 a faire temperate day the winde variable, and here we had three degrees & 29 minuts of latitude. The 8 of May we had sight of the shore, which was part of Cauo de Monte, but we did not thinke we had beene so farre, but it came so to passe by reason of the currant. In this ^ "•""p^"" place M. Towrson was in like maner deceiued with the currant. The 9 we had sight of Cauo de monte. The 17 a darke drowsie day, this was the first night that I tooke the North starre. The 26 a temperate day with litle winde, and we were in 12 degrees and 13 minutes of la- titude. The 30 we met a great sea out of the Northwest. The G of lune we found it as temperate as if we had beene in England, & yet we were within the height of the sunnc, for it was declined 23 degrees, and 26 roinuts to the North- ward, and we had 15 degrees of latitude. The 8 faire and temperate as in England, here we met with a counter sea, out of the South- bonlc. The 15 a faire temperate day, the winde variable, here wc had 18 degrees and fiftie nine minutes. The 12 of luly in 30 degrees of latitude wc met with great store of rockweed, which did Rockwtedar stick tog. thcr like clusters of grapes, and this continued with vs vnlill the 17 of the said "J^Jthttilu moneih, and then we saw no more, at which 17 day we were in two and thirtie degrees sixe and fortie minutes of latitude. The 25 at sixc of the clocke in the morning, we had sight of the Isle of Pike, it bare North and by East from vs, we being 15 leagues oft". The 'i7 wc spake with the poste of London and she told vs good newes of England. The m I- 4 * U m V'*' v! 1 if I ( :?■?:' I|''i'fe' i n .niillfib: '-I, f il If 616 Ir<.imi.i, » kind of bread in Benin. Wide of palni irect. Abundsncr cf Iioiiy. Tliii prtrsrniA- tlUC 11 »li>Ur III It) listing; into ■ri ho^kliraJ til' ft itc( *n \\if\i- fiilut l...\.n great store of cotton growing : their bread is a kind of roots, they call it Inamia, and when it is well sodden I would leaiie our bread to cat of if, it is pleasant in eating, and li^ht nf (iigcstion, the rootc thereof is as bigge as a mans armc. Our men vpon (ish-dayes had rallicr rate the roofes with oyle and vincger, then to eate gocxl stockfish. There are great store dl palnu" trees, out of ♦he which they gather great store of wine, which wine is white and very j)leasanl, & we shoui.. buy two gallons of it for 2() shels. They haue good store of sii|io, and it smelleth like beaten \iolcts. Also many pretie fine mats and baskets that they make, and spooncs of Elephants teeth very curiously wrought with diners proportions of foulcs and beasts made v|)on them. There is vjjon the coast wonderfull great lightning and thunder, in so much as 1 neucr hard the like in no Countrey, for it would make the decke or hatclus trcMnble vndcr our Iccte, and before we were well accjuainted with if, we were fearefull, Ijiit God be thanked wc had no h.irnie. The ])eo|ile are very gentle and louiiig, and they i;. o naked bolli men and women vntill they be married, and then the\ goc coucrcd from the middle downe to the knees. They would bring our men earthen poites of the qiiantitie . f two <;allons, full of hony and hony combes for 100 shelles. Thev would also bring great store of Oranges and I'lantans which is a fruit that groweth vpon a tree, and is very like \iii.) a Cucumber but very pleasant in eating. It hath pleased God of his merceifull goodne-so to giiie nic the knowled:;e how to preserue fresh water with little cost, which did serue \>i si\e moncths.it the sea, i^- when we came into Flimmouth it was much wondered at, of ilu- principal men of the towne, who said that there was not sweeter water in any spring; in I'li- nioiitli Tims doth God prouidc for his creatures, vnto whom be praise now and for eiur- inore. Amen. The voiagc set forth bv M. I.ihn Newton, and M. lohn Hird marcliants of London to the kinsdnnie and Citie of Benin in Africi, with a ship called the Hichard of Arundell, ami a |)innesse. in the \ere I jS8. bricfely set downe in this letter fol- lowing, wrillen bv the cliiefe Factor in the Miyage to the foresaid Manhants at the time of the ships first arriuall at riimouth. WOrshiijful Sirs, the discourse of our whole proceeding in this voyage wil aske more time and a person in belter hcalili then 1 ain at this present, so that I (riist you will |)ardoi'. me, till mv comining \p to you : in tlii- mi-ane time let this bulfne. WluTeas we departed in liie inoneth of Deccinher from the ' nist ol England with your good ship tlie Michard of Annulell and the |)innes. . we held on otir ilireci ct)urse towanls our ajipointed port, and the 14 d.iy ol Eebruarie fdlowinu; we iirriu'.l in the iiauen of ISL-nin, where we foi.nd not w.iicr eniiiii;li to (arrv the >hip ouer tiie l);irre, s) that we left her without in tiu- road, and with the pin- iK'sse iV ship I) lat, into vsliic a we li.iil put the ( liiere--t i>\ oiu" marcliadise, we went \p llic riuer to a place called Goto, wiicre we arriucd the 20 of February, tlic foresaid Goto bein.; the Antonie Ingram. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 617 the nearest place that we could come to by wafer, to go for Benin. From thence we pre- sently sent Negroes to the king, to certifie him of our arriuall, and of the cause of our com- ming thither : who relumed to vs againe the 22 day with a noble man in their company to bring vs vp to the Citie, and with 200 Negroes to carrie our commodities : hereupon the 23 day we deiiucrcd our marchandize to the kings Factor, & the 25 day we came to the great Citie of Benin, where we were well intertaincd: The sixe & twenty day we went to the Theste.tcUieoi Court to haue spoken with the king, which (by reason of a solemnc feast then kept amongst "'"' them ) we could not doe : but yet we spake with his Veadorc, or chiefe man, that hath the dealing with the Christians : and we conferred with him concerning our trading, who an- swered vs, that we should haue all things to our desire, both in pepper and Elephants teeth. The first of March, we were admitted to the kings presence, and he made vs the like cour- teous answere for our traffike : the next day we went againe to the Court, where the foresaid Veadore shewed vs one basket of greene pepper, and another of dry in the stalkes : wee de- sired to haue it plucked from the stalks and made cleanc, who answered, that it would aske time, but yet it should be done : and that against another yecre it should be in better rea- dines, & the reason why we found it so vnprepared was, because in this kings time no Chris- tians had eucr resorted thither, to lade pepper. The next day there were sent vs 12 baskets, and so a lille euery day vntill the i) of March at which time we had made vpon 64 serons of pepper, and 28 Elephants teeth. In this time of our being at Benin (our natures at this first time not so well acquainted with that climate) we fell all of vs into the disease of the feuer, whereupon the Captainc sent me downe with those goods which we alreadie had re- ceiued, to the rest of our men at Goto : where being arriued, I found all the men of our pinnesse sicke also, and by reason of their weaknes not able to conuey the pinnesse and goods downe to the place where our ship road : but by good hap within two houres after my comming to Goto, the boate came vp from the ship, to sec how all things stood with vs, so that I put the gocxls into the boat, and went downe towards the ship: but by that time I was come aboord, many of our men died : namely. Master Benson, the Cooper, the Carpenter, & .'Jor 4 more, & my selfe was also in such a wcake state that I was not able to retume againe ft) Benin. Whereupon I sent vp Samuel Dunne, and the Chirurgian with him to our men, that were about to let them blood, if it were thought needful! : who at their comming to Benin, found the Captaine and your sonne William Bird dead, and Thomas Hempsteede very weake, who also died within two dayes after their comming thither. This sorro.wfull accident caused them \sith such pepper and teeth, as they could then find, speedily to retume to the ship, as bv the Cargason will appeare: at their comming away the Veadorc tolde them, that if they could or would stay any longer time, he would vse all possible expedition to bring in more commodities : but the common sicknesse so increased and continued amongst vs all, that by the time our men which remained were come aboord, we had so many sicke and dead of our cumpanie, that we looked all for the same happc, and so thought to loose both our "ihip, life, countrey and all. Very hardly and with mucli adoe could we get vp our ankers, but yet at the last by the mercie of God hauing gotten them vp, but leaning our pinnesse bchinde vs, we got to sea, and set saile, which was vpon the 13 of Aprill. After which by little and little our men beganne to gather vp their cnmis and to rccouer some better strength : and so sailing betwixt the Hands of Cape Verde, and the mainc we came to the Islands of the Azores vpon the 25 of luly, where our men beganne a fresh to grow ill, and diuers died, among whom Samuel Dun was one, and as many as remained liuing were in a hard case: but in the n»id>t of our dislresse, it fell so wcl out, by Gods good prouidence, that we met with your ship the Barke Burre, on this side the North rape, which did not only keepe vs good cdpanie, but a!>o sent vs sixe fresh men aboord, without whose helpe, we should surely haue lasted of many inconueniences. But by this good meancs we are now at the last arriued in I'limotith, this 9 day of September : and for want of better health at this time, I referre the further knowledge of more particularities, till my comming to London. Yours to commaund Anthony Ingram. VOL. II. 4 K The I ' w ',>> i iS I 'I" if I ir, t: 618 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. M. lames irehh. ■Xl [f I ^< ' ■ ) w Alii ) A tfkf n of I Noriherljr wind*. Omttumnti. 'lure rock*. A Frrmh ihip •I liunflruT. C-diodc lai The second voyage to Benin, set foorth by Master lohn Newton, and Master lohn Bird Marchants of London in the yccre 1590 with a ship called the Richard of Aruii- dell of the burthen of one hundreth tiinncM, and a small pinnesse, in which voyage Master lames Welsh was chiefe Maister. The third of September 1590 we set saile from Hatclife, and the 18 of the said moneth wc lamc into Piimouth sound, and the two and twentieth we put to sea ajtaine, and at niidniulu we were ofl' the Lisart, and so passed on our voyage vnlill tho 14 of October, on which il;u we had sii;lit of Fortcucntura one of the Canarie Islands, which appeared very ranged as wi' sailed by it. The 1(5 of October, in the latitude of '.H degrees and nine minutes wc met with a j;rcai hollow sea, the like whereof I neuer saw on ihis coast, and this day there came to the slii[n :-ide a monstrous great tish (I thinke it was a Gobarto) which put vp his head to the stiTpc tubs where ^ cooke was in shifting the victuals, who I thought the lish would hauo (aricd away. The 21 in this latitude of 18 degrees we met with a countersea out of the North boon!, and the last voyage in this very place we had the countersea out of the South, being very calme weather as now it is also. The 24 wc had sight of Cauo Verde, and the 25 we met with a great hollow sea out of ihe North, which is a common signe that the wiiule will be Northerly, and so it prooued. The 15 of Nouember we met with three currants out of the West and Northwest, one afiiT another, with an houres time betweenc each currant This was in the latitude of (i dcfjrccs and 42 minutes. The 18 day we met with two other great currants out of the Southwest, and the 20 we sa\\ another current out of the Northeast, and the 24 we had a great current out of the Southsoutli- west, and at of the docke towards night we had ',i lurrenis more. The 27 we thought that wc had gone at the least 2 leagues and a lialfe cuery watch, and it fell out that we sailed but one league euery watch for the space of 24 hours, by ineanes of a great billow and current that came still out of the South. The 5 of December in setting ihe watch we cast about and lay Kast Northeast, and Norili- east, and here in 5 degrees and a halfe our pinnest>e lost vs wiU'ully. The 7 at the going downe of the Sonne wc saw a great blacke s|)ot in the Sunne, and the 8. dav both at rising and setting wc saw the like, which spot to our seeming was aboiii ihc bignes.sc ol'a shilling, being in 5 degrees of latitude, and still there came a great billow out of the southcrboonl. The 14 we sounded and had 15 fadom water and urovse red sand, and 2 leagues from ihc shore ihe currant set Southeast along the shore wilii a billow still out of the southerboord. The !."> we were thwart a rocke somewiut like tiie Mewstone in Kngland, it was 2 Ic.iiiiics from vs, here wc soundwl anil had 27 fadom, but the rocke is imi ahoiie a mile from the ■.huic, and a mile farther we saw another rocke, and bctwee.ic them botii broken ground; here wc suiinded and Irid but 20 fadome and blickc sand, and we might sec plaine tiiat the rot kc> went not along the shore, but from the land to the seawaril, and about 5 leagues to liie South- ward we sawe a great bay, here we liad 4 degrees and 21 iniiiuls. The hi wc met with a French •hifi of iliiiifleur, wlio robbed our pinnesKe, we sent a Ici- tcr bv him, and this night wc saw another s|)oi in ilic Miniic at his going downe. And in- wards eueniiig we were thwart of a riiier, and right oner the finer was a high tuft of trees. The 17 wc ankered in the riucrs niMitli, and liu-ii we found the land to l)c Cauo tie l.i* Palinas, and betweenc sn & the cape was a great led^e of rockes, one league and a halle into the sea, and they bare to the West of the C.ipc, wc saw also an Island oil' the point of the foreland, thus it waxed night that we could periciue no ntore of the landc, but onely that it trended in like a bay, where there runneth a strcame as if it were in the riiier of Thames, and tiiis was the change day of the Mo'iiie. The 19 a fairc temperate day, and the wind Soutii, wo went Kast, aii his head to the sleejic lish would hauc ( aritil out of the North boonl, if the South, being very ;rcal hollow sea out of the and so it prooued. and Northwest, one afiir the latitude of () denrci^ hwest, and the *iO we sa\» ent out of the Southsoiitl\- n halfe cuery watih, and if 24 hours, liy meanes t.f a Kasf Northeast, and Norili- w ipot in the Sunne, and ilic lur seeming was about the re tame a great billow cut , and '2 leagues from ilu ut of the southerboord. Knuland, it was *i Icarus )oue a mile from the shun', broken ground; here \m sec plaine thai the roiki'> )Ut b leagues to the Souili- \T pinneiwe, wc sent a lii- s going downe. And t(i- was a high tuft of lre« •<. ic land to be Cauo dc lis , one league and a halle 1 Island olf the point of tin- the landc, but onely that L-re in ti»e riuer of Tiianu-s, isi, and liic land* a stenie of If of vs West, and it shewed low by the waterside like hiands, thisw.X'f ihc E.ist of Cauo de las Pnlmas, and it trended in with a great sound, and wc went East all night, and in the morning wee were but 3 or 4 leagues from the shore. The 20 we were thwart of a riuer called Rio dc los Barbos. Bu.aMo.UJi- The2l wc went along the shore East, & ii or 4 leagues to the West of Cauo de tres puntas, I find the bav to be set deeper then it is by 1 leagues, and at 4 of the clocke the land begun toshewc high, and the first part of it full of I'alnie trees. The 24 still going bv the shore, the land was very low and full of trees by the waterside, and at 12 of the rlocke wc ankered thwart of the riuer called, Kio dc Boilas. Here we sent Ki.i.ir Jo.ui our boate a shore with the niarchants, but they dinst not put into the riuer because t)f a fiyvM billow that continually brake at the cnli'rance vp8 Cerons or sackes of pepper, and 4 Elephants teeth, »9«."ik><.i and the winde wa> at Southeast. .Vnd the 2(( we put the rest of our goods into the Carauell, '*'''"' and M. Ilassald went with her to Cioto. The 5 of Marcli { Caranel came againe &■ brought 21 Cerons of j>epper, & 4 Elephants (ccth 4 K 2 The I J.'i ■1 ' ■ »• I: V ■ I, '1 T 1 o: % m I \\i k 1 (MO TkrH ipouii. Thejr niurncd konKwud. Weitfntd !■ cantftaj cf tpilM. Canio. It II more ffnjjieritf vn- drt the raut- nudiill, then on ihr ctMst '.( Guiiiir It Benin, VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. lamti Wthh. The 9 of Aprill our Carauell came aboord with water ro> our prouiaion for the «ea, and this day also we lost our shallope. The'17 a drowsie rainie day, and in the afternoone we saw 3 great npoutcs orraine, two on our larbord side, and one right with the ships head, but God be thanked, they came not at vs, and this day we tooke in the last of our water for the sea, and the S6 wc victualed our Carauell to go with vs to the sea. The 27 we set saile to goc homewarde with the windc at Southwest, and at two a clockc in the afternoone, the riuer of Benin was Northeast 8 leagues from vs. The S of May we had such a terrible gust with raine, lightning & thunder, that it torr and split our fore saile, and also the Carauels fore-sayle and maine-sayle, with the wind at Southeast. The 13 a fhire temperate day, much like our sommer mornings in England, being but one decree 8t a halfe from the line, but at midnight we had a crucll gust of raine, k tht wind at northeast. The 24 we were South from Cauo de las Palmas 37 leagues. The first of luly wc had sight of the Hand of Braua, and it bare East 7 leagues ofT, and this Island is one nf the Islands of Cauo Verde. The 13 of August we spake with the Quecncs ships, the Lord Thomas Howard being Admirall, and sir RichanI Gn-eneuill Viceadmirall They kept vs in their company viuill the 15 day at night, themsciues lying a hull, in waight for purchase 30 leagues to the South- west of the Island of Flores. The 15 we had leaue to depart with a Hy-bnat laden with sugar that came from Sant Thome, which was taken by the Queenes ships, whereof my Lord Admirall gaue me great charge, not to leaue her vntill she were harbored in England. The three and twentieth the Northeast part of the bland of Coruo bare ofT vs East and bv South sixe leagues off The 17 of September we met with a ship of Plimnulh that came out of the West Indies but she could tell vs no newcs. The next day we had sight of another sayle, this day aUd one of our company namc«l M. Wooyage were llroad cloth, Kersies, Ba\e«i. Linneii i loth, Yron vnwrought. Bracelets of C()i>pcr, Curall, Hawks belles, Horeetailes, liais, and such like. This voyage was more as ilcarc and as sweet as any lountainr canyeeld. In this voyage we sailed ^IM Ita^jucs within halfe a degree of the equinoctial! line, and there we funiul it more temperate, than where wr rode. And vnder the line wee did kill great store of small Dolphiiies, and many other good fishes, and so did wc all the way, whirh was I •e East 7 leagues ofT, and uo bare ofT v9 East ami by The ttate of Angola. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 621 was a very great refreshing vnto vs, and the fish neuer forsooke vs, vntil we were to the North- wards of the Hands of Azores, and then we could sec no more fish, but God be thanlced wee met with good company of our countrey ship* which were great comfort vnto vs, being fiuc moneths before at Sea without any companie. By me lames Welsh master of the Richard of Arundell, in both these voyages to the riuer of Benin. An Aduertiscment sent to Philip the second Icing of Spainc from Angola by one Baltazar Almeida de Sousa, ;ouciiing the state of the foresayd countrey, written the 21 of May, 1691. THe 26 of hily I certified your maicstic by lohn Frere de Bendanha your maiesties pay-master and commissioner, with the gouernour Paulo Dias, which is lately deceased, PiuioDiii of all things that happened the 28 of December in the ycre last past 1690. Now 1 thought J°",X°"' °' it conuenient to aduertise your maieslic what hath fallen out since that time, which is as foloweth. The gouernour Luis Serrano encamped himselfe eight leagues from Cabasa, where the Negro king dwcllcth with 360 Portugal souldiers : & afterward being there encamped, it hapned that the king of Matamba sent a strong and mightic army, & in warlike maner, with The kini of strange inuentions for the sayd purpose. So the king of Angola gaue this other king battcll, JJ""p™J"' j, and the gouernour sent 1 14 souldiers Porlugals to heipe the said king of Angola : in which iiiia in AnioU. battcll it was the will of God that our nrmy was ouerthrowen and all slaine, as well our Purtugals as the Moorcs which tooke p:irt with them. So with this ouerthrow it happened that this rcalme the second time hath rebelled against your maiestie. Hereupon the Go- uernour assembling the rest of his Portugall souldiers, to the number of 250 altogether, went to Amasanguano, which is now his place of abode. Moreouer, besides the manifold losses Amiuniuino which haue befallen the Portugal* in this rcalme, your maiestie hath sustained other great ibodru/ujoU. misfortunes boih in your lands and goods. And because I cannot personally come to certifie your maiestie thereof, I thought it gocxl to write some part of the same whereby vour ma- iestie may vnderstand the estate of this countrey. This rcalme, for the most part thereof halh twisc bene wonne, and Iwise lost for want of good gouernment. For here haue bene many gouernours which haue pretended to do iustice, but haue pitifully neglected the same, and practised the cicane contrary. And this I know to be most true. But the onely way '^< <»>>/ ^^y to recoucr this realmc, and to augment your majesties lands, goods and tre.isure, must be wf'o'lrs'kfni!" by sending some noble and mighty man to rule here, which must bring authoritie fro your ■'<""""• ••*- maiestie, and by taking streight order that cuery captaine which doeth conquere here may ''"°"" bee rewarded atcordiug to his deserts. Likewise your maiestie must send hither 2000 good souldiers, with nuinilion and sufficient store of prouision for them. And by this means your highnesse shall know what yeerely rcucnue Angola will yeeld vnto your coders, and what profit will grow thereof Otherwise your maiestie shall reape but litle benefit here. If with my presence 1 may doc your maiestie any seruice in giuing information of the state of this rcalme, as one which haue had experience thereof, and haue seene the ortlcr of it, vpon the vndersianding of your maiesties pleasure herein, I will doe my best indeuour. And the Ad viuji itkk cause wherefore I haue not done this heretofore hath bene, by reason that the Gouernours of ^i**** '"""■ this rcalme would sutler none of the captaines which haue conquered this countrev to in- forme your maiestie of that which is ncedfull for your seruice, and the augmenting of this conquest. Our lord preserue your catholi(|ue person with increxse of many kitigdomes, and the augmentation of youre crowne. Written in the conquest of the rcalme of Ancola the 21 of .May 1591. *" Your maiesties most loiail subiect, Baltazar Almeida de Souz:i A true M IP I" i '^V. '^^^ :!^.^ m P 639 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Portugal vuiujie A tnie discounc written (ni w thought) by Colonel Antonie Winkfleld emploied in the voia^e to Spainc and Poriiigall, I58*J. xriit to hirt particular Friend, & by him publiiihcd Tor the better ftatislurtion of all xnrh n^ hauing bene deduced by particular report, haue rntred into conrcili* tending U> the dincredite of the en- terprise and Actorx of the name. ALthough the desire of aduanring my reptitation caused me to withstand the many per- swasions you vscd to hold me at home, & the pursuilc of honorible actii ns drew mc (ton- trary to your expectation) to neglect that aduise, which in louc I know \«u gaui mc: yet in respect of the many assurances you haue yeeldcd nice of your jjudcsl friendship, I can- not suspect that you will cither louc orestcemc me llie Icsse, at this my rcturne: and ihcrc- fore I wil not oiiiit any occasion which may make me appcarc lliankfuil, or discharge niiv part of that ductic I owe you; which now is none other then m oHir you a true discourse how these warres of Spaine and I'ortugall haue p:iitscd since our goinu' out of Rngland the IH «[ Aprill. till our rcturne which was the first of luly. Wlierem I wil (vnder your fauourahle pnrdi>n) for your fiinhcr salisfactioi:, as well make relation of th(ame. Ilauing therefore dcierminatciv purposed to put on this habite of a ^ouldier, I grew diiublfiiil wlu'tlicr to employ my time in y w,irs of the low Countries, which are in auxiliarie maner maintained by her maiestic, or to folow the fortune of this voiage, uhich was an aduentiirc of her and many himorablc personai;es, in reuenge of vnsiipportable wrongs oMcrcd vniu the estate of our countrc\ by the C'a'iiliau king : in arguing whereof, I find that by hdw much the chalen^er is reputed berorc ihc delcndant, by so much is llie iourney to b- prc- Icrrcd before those dcfciisiiic wars. For had llic duke of I'arnia his turne bene In drtciui, as it was his good forlinie to iiiuade ; from whence i ouhl iiaue proceeded that glorious hoiidr which these Jale warres haue laid vpon him, rir wli.ii coul>l haue bene said more of him, then of a Kespondcnt (though neiier so valiant) in a |>riii;ilo Durll : Kuen, thai he hath doiu- no nuire then b\ his lioiw)r he was tied vnlo. Kor tlie gaiiir of ofie lovsnr or anv small defeat giueth more renoumc to the Assailant, llien the defence tif a coiinlrey, l the prince of I'arma be thought more easie for vs alone now, then the defence of them was 1 1 vcere.s ago, with the men and nionev of the Queciie of i . The Portugal voUtfie 'inkficid cmploied Hilar friend, & hy bene Hcduccd by rrcditc of the en- vithstand tlir many per- ' aclic iiM drew me (con» now \iiu paui mo: ycf iidcsl rriendship, I can- my relume: and iIutc- Dkl'iill, cr ditrliarge :inv you n true discourse how K ol En){land the 18 of (vndcr your fauouralile reasotiH »»hith contiriiu'd ic h.ippe-ncd during (nir r (lid (Iniwe me from ilic wing tlie warreit (o make Kouldier, I grew doublfiill 1 are in auxiliarle niancr which was an aduenliirc table wronj;" olVcrcd vnin [■reof, 1 (ind that by linw is the iourncy to b- prc- his tiirne bene to drii-iu!, •ecdrd that glorious honor IIP said more of him, then irn, th:il he hath done iki lowne or any small defeat Iro, or the *»ithstaiidiiii; il:)(0 lo gnard the "an'c iard, as the reports «( loi • warres vpon the Imwulcr. ol hailing »hcre»\ilhall i.. lies when the enemic ^lKlll wc liaiie won a tuwnc In rinces pnwer in llie (icld, [laves in the h( art of lii- eii his iones into the !.',:iI(n ir«c thereof more partiiu- I in sU( h an action as ciins cdid rather cary mc thither wasions j l her maiestie much aboue the third part of one iiTres expenses it *he Low rountrics, halh already spoiled a great part of the prouision he lad made at the (iroine of all sories, for a new voyage into F.ngland; burnt H of his ships, whereof one w:»s ^ second in the last veres expedition called S. Iiian de Colorado, taken fro him abuiic l.jO |)ie('c.4 of good nrlilferie; cut olV more then (U) hulks and f2U French ships wcl maned fit and rcadie to seme him for men of war against vs, laden for his store with come, victuals, masts, cables and other inarchandizes; slainc and taken the principal men of war he had in Cialitia; made Don IVdro Enriques dc Gusinan, Conde de Fiicntes, Ccne- rall of his forces in I'orlugall, shanierully run at I'eniche; laid along of his best Commaiiderit in Lisbon; and by these few adiienliire- iliscouercd how easily her maiestie may without any great aduenture in sh(irt lime pull the Tirant of the world vpon his knees, as wel by the dis- ipiieling Ins \surpali()n <>! I'orliiL;all as without diflicullie in keeping the commodilic of his Lidies from him, by sending an iriny so accomplished, as may not be subiect to those ex- tremities which we haue endured: except he draw, for those defences, his forces out of the Low C' unlries and disfiirnish his garisons of Naples iVr Milan, which with safetie of those places he may not do. .\nd yet by this nieane he shall rather be enforced thereunto, the by any (brce that can be vsed there against him : wherefore I directly conclude that this proceeding is the most safe and necessary way to be held against him, and therefore more importinu; tlien the war in the Low (ninilries. Yel halh the iourney (I know) bene much misliked by s(ime, who eilhcr thinking loo worthily of the Spaniards valiire, too iiuliflcrently of his purposes against \s, or loo vnwnrthily of them that vnderiooke this iourney against him, dill tliinke it a tiling danj;eroiis to ene(.unlcr the Spaniard at his owne home, a thing needle^so to proceed by iniia-ion an.iiiisl him, a thing of loo great moment for two subiects of their quahiie lo vnclertake: And therefore did not so adunncc the beginnings as though they hoped li r :iny godd successe iherof. The ehance> of wars lie things niost vnceriaiiie: for what peo|>le soeuer vndertake them, ihev are in deed as ehastisenients ap|)ointed h\ 'i((l him III glue some \ ill' ries to the Spaniards of laic yeeres against s(inie whom he had in |)urpose to ru'.nc. Hut if we co:isider what wars they be that haue ni.ide their name mi teriilJe. we stial lind them lo haiie bin none other then against the bar- barous Moore., the ii.iked Indians, and the Mi.irmed Nelherlanders, whose yeclding rather to the name tm- .ict of the Sp:uiiar(ls, hath put iIk in into such a conceit of their mightines, •is they haue considenttly \:i(lerinken the ci ikjucsI of onr monarchie, consisting of a people vniied & always held suiriciciiliy warlike: :igainst whom what siiccesse their inuincible army luid the last yeere, as our very cliildrc:i can witness, so I doubt not but this voiage hath siillieientiy mr.de kiKiwen what they are ciieii vpon thtir owne dinigliill, which, had it bene set out in such sort as it wa> agreed vpon liv tiieir lirst deniaund, it might haue made our ii:ition ihe most nlorioiis j)coplc of the world. For h;ith not the want of H of the I'l piece* ol irt llrrie, wliich were promised vnio the Aihieuture, lost her m.iicstie the possession of iiie (Jroiiie and 'nnny other places, as herc.iltcr sh.jlj appcare, whose defensible rainpires uere y.reater then our bcitlerie (such ;is it w,'^ , luld force: and therefore were left vnat- Icmpte.i > It was also rcsolued lo haue sent (iOU l.nglish Iiorscs of the Low countries, whereof we Ind 623 I •1 '^1 ■HI I V^ 1 1 M 'Ml b ■ Mf VOYACJES. NAUIOATJONS. The Portugal votagr. had not one, notwithmnndinK the j^reat ch.iijtm rKpciidrd in their traniportalion hither: and that may the army ait>«embled at Piicnie dc nurj^od ihaiikr Ood of, m well a« the fonoi oi Portiigall, who foreran vi 6 daie« tugethcr: Did we not want 7 of the l.'j old Companici, which we Nhould haiic had frO thence ; fourc of the 10 Diitrh Companieit ; & (i of their muii of war for the 'rO»tend were Rupprefwed, a neruite of no -imal moment? What misery the delrariing of the time of our setting out, which should haue bene ihc | of February, did lay vpon vs, too many can wilnes : and what cxircmitie the want of tbi inoneths victuals which we did eat, during the monclh wc lay at Pliinmouth for a tvind might haue driucn vs vnto, no man can doiibt of, that knowcth what men do Uuc by, Ii4,| not God giuen vs in the endc n more prosperous wind and shorter paiiage into Ualilia then hath bene often seen, where our owne force &' fortune reuictuallcd w largely : of winch crosse windes, that held vs two dayes after our going out, the (jcncrals being wearie, ihrun to Sea in the same, wiNcly chu'-ing rather to attend the change thereof there, then by lirimj in harborough to lose any part of the better, when it should come by hauiiig their mru on shore: in which two dayes "i!* of our cimipanieM Nhippcd in part of the fleet were scatiard from vs, either not being able or willing to double Vkhanl. These burdens layed vpon our (ienerals before their going nut, they haue patiently i-ii- dured, and I thinke they naue thereby mm h enlarged their honour: for hauing done ihii> much with the want of our artillery, 000 hor»e, 3000 foul, 20000 li. of their aducnture.auj one moneths victuals of their pro|>ortion, what may be conieclurcd they would haue (ii,nc with their ful cOplement ? For the losse of our men at sea, since wc can lay it on none but the will of God, whji can be said more, then that it is \m pleasure to lurne all those impediments to the honor ii them against whom they were intended: and he will still shew hiniselfe the l,ord of hi».|.t m doing great things by the, whom many haue suught to obsi ure : whu if they had let iln action fall at the height thereof in respect of those defects, vth'uh were such eapci iaily d r the seruicc at land, as would haue made a mighty subicci stoopr vnder the, I do not see liii« any man could iiislly haue layd any reproch vpon him who commanded the same, but rjihrr haue lamented the iniquity of this time, wherein men whom forren countrii's haue for iluir conduct in seniice worthily esteemed of, should not only in their owne countrey not he '.i'. conded in their honorable cndeuors, but mightily hindred, euen to 5 im|)airing of ihnr owne estates, which most willingly they haue aduentured for the ^ood of their couiiirio: whrMC worth I will not value by my report, lest I should seem guiliie i>f flattery (whith nu •oule abhorreth) & yet come short in the true measure of their praise. Unely lor your in- slruclrO against them who had almost seduced you from the true opinion you hold of mkIi men, you shall vnderstand that (iencrall Norris fro his bouke was trained vp in the wars (>r the Admiral of France, and in very y made Colonell generall of all ^ Knj;lish forces there present, or to rome, which he <»niimuil S yeeres: he was then made Marsliall of the field vnder Conte Ilohenio: and after that, (iciic- ral of the armv in Fiisland: at his cumin;; home in the lime of Monsieurs gdiiernnieni i.i Flanders, he was made lord I're->ident of Monster in Ireland, which lie yet holdetli, from whence within one vere he was sent for, & sent (iencrall of the I'liglish forces which her ma- iestie the lent to the Low countries, which he held til the erle of Leice.->tcrs going ouer. Ami he The Porlunat volagr. The Portugal volage. TRAFFIQIJES, AND DISCOUF.niES, he wan made Manihnll nr ihc field in HnKlnnd, the enemy being vpon nur coant, and when it wa« rx peeled the rrowne of Knj^land iihould hniie bene tried by battel. A! which placeA of rommandement which neiier any KiiKJithman xuccewiiiely altaine{ the waighty matters they haue in all the course of their liuen with wonderl'iill reputation managed, thai you wil estccme them not wel informed of their pro- ceedings, that thinke them insnlVu lent to passe through that which they vndertooke, espe- cially hiiuing gone thus far in the view of the world, through so many incombrances, k dis- appointed of those agreements which led them J rather to vndertake the scruice. Hut it may be you wil thinke mo heroin either to much opinionated of the voiage, or conceited of the Commanders, ^ labouring thus carncstiv to ailuancc the opinion of them both, haue not so much as touched any p.irt of the misoniers, weaknes Se wants that haue bene amongst vs, whereof ihey that returned did plentifully report. Tnic il is, I haue conceiued a great opinion of the iotuney, & do thinke honoral)ly of the Commanders: for we find in greatest antiqui- ties, lh;it many Comniandors haue bone recciucd home with triumph for lesse merite, & that our owne countrev halh honored men heretofore with admiration for aduentiircs vnequal to this: it might ihcrdnre in ihoso d;iieM haue seemed superfluoiiH to extend any mans com- mend:itions bv particular remenilirances, for that ihon all men were ready to giue euery man his due. But 1 hold it mo"! necessary in these dales, siihenco euer)' vertue tindeth her direct opposite, A: actions woorthy of nil memory are in danger to be eniiiously obscured, to denounce the prayses of the nclioii, and actors to the ful, hut yet no further then with sinceritie of frueth, Ik not without griciiini; at the injury of this time, wherein is enforced a necessilic of .\po|iij;ies lor those men & matters, which all former times were accustomed to entertaine with the uroatest applause that might be. But to answerc the reports which haue bene giuon out in repro.nch of the actors and action b) Hiich as were in the same: let no man thinke otiierwise, but that they, who fe;iring the casuall accidents of war had any purpose of returning, did first adiiise of some occasion that should mouc them thereunto : and hailing louiid any wha.'-oeuer did thinke il suflicieniiy iust, in respect of the earnest desire they had to seeke oiii matter that might colour iheir coming homo. Of iheso there were some, who hailing noted the late I'lemish warres did finde that many yong men haue ^ono o\ier and safely returned souldiorH wiihin Towc moneths, in hailing learned some wordes ol Arte vscd in the warres, and thought after that gooi vs. The neglect of discipline in the Annie, for that men were suffered to be drunke iviih the plenlic of wines. Tlie scarsitie of Surgions. The want ol carriages for the hurt and sicke: .ind the peniirie of victuals in the Cam|)e : Tlurcii|) in iliuini:)" that there would be no ^iood done: And that therefore they could be content tu lo-o their lime, and aduentnre to retiinie home againe. I'ltrso nun luuie either cOceiiied well of their owne wits (who by obseruing the passages of the warrc were beconte sut>iciet souldiers in thcs;- fewe weeks, & did long to be at home, where their div'cur-es minht bo woiidred at) or missing of their I'ortegiies and Milravcs which they dreamed on in I'ortugall, would rather returnc to their former maner of life, then attend the eiule <)f the iourncy. For seeing that one hazard brought another; and that though one es» lajted the bullet this ihy it might light vpon hitn to morow, the ne..t day, or any dav ; and that the wane was not confined to any one place, but 5' euerv place brought foorih new etie- niie<, they were glad to see some of the poorc souldiers fal sicke, J fearing to be infected h\ iliem they might iu^illy desire to go home. VOL. II. i L . The f.35 u "I '.■'I m n f\ r 1 , ft i 626 J3i ' IIIIJI PH H ^;4ti it Aniwcre first. (oth* An mere U the Amwerc third. tsthe Amwtrr to the fourth. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Portugall voyage. The sickn^sse I confeste was great, because any is too much. But hath it bene greater then is ordinary amongst Englishmen at their first entrance into the warrcs, whithersoeuer they goe to want the fulnesse of their tlesh pots ? Ilaue not ours decayed at all times in France, with eating yong fruits and drinking newe wines? hauc they not abundantly perii^hed in the Low countreys with cold, and rawnc^se of the aire, euen in their uarrisons ? Haue there not more died in London in sixe moneths of the plague, then double our Armie being at the «trongest ? And could the Spanish armie the last yeere (who had all prouisions that could be thought on for an Armie, and tooke the fittest season in (he yeere for our Climate) aiin\d sicknes amongst their souldicrs ? May it then be thought that our< could escape there, where they found inordinate heat of weather, and hot wines to distemper them withall f But can it bi-, that wee haue lost so many as the common sort perswade themseliies wee hauei' It hath bene prooued by strickt examinaliouK of our ti::isicrs, that we were nciicr in our fulnesse before our going from Plimoulh 11000. souldicrs, nor aboue 2500. Marrincrs. It is also euident that there returned aboue 6()00. of all sorts, as appeareth by the sencrnit paiments made to them since our comming home. And I hauely truely shewed you that of these n urn bem very necre S(XJ0. forsooke the Annie at the Sc.i, whereof some passed into France and the rest returned home. So as we neuer being 13000. in all, and hauing brnn<;hi home aboue 6000. with vs, you may sec how the world hath bene seduced, in belicuing that we haue lost 16000. men by sicknes. To them that haue made question of the gouernment of the warres (little knowing what appertaineth thereunto in that there were so many drunkards amongst vs) I answere that in their gouernment of shires and parishes, yea in tlieir very housholdes, themselues can hardiv bridle tlicir vas.sa!s from that xice. Fur we see it is a thin^ almost impossible, at any your Faires or publique assemblies to linde any quarter thc-eof sober, or in your Townes any Ale. poles vnfrequented: And we obserue that though any man hauing any disordered persons in their houses, do locke vp their drinke and set Butlers vpon it, that they will yet either liv indirect meanes sieale themselues drunke from their Masters tables, or runne abroad to seokc it. If then at home in the eyes of your histices, .\'aiors, Preachers, and Masters, and when- they pay for euery jiol they take, tliey cannot be kept from their liquor: doe they thinkr that those base disordered persons whom themselues sent vnto vs, as liuing at Ionic witlioiit rule, who hearing of wine doe long for it as a daintie that their purses could ntuer reach lo in England, and hauing it there without mony eue in their houses where thev lie & hold ihi'ir guard, ran be kept from being drunk ; and once drunke, held in any order or tune, exrcnt we had for euery drunkard an officer to ,-ittend him ? But who be they that haue mnne iriiu these disorders ? Kuen our newest men, onr yongest men, and our idelest men, and for the mcKt part our slouenly prest men, whom the Instices, (who haue alwayes thought vnwoorthilv ol any warre) haue sent out as the scumme and dregs of their conntrev. And those were flicv, who distempering themselues wiih these hote wines, haue brought in that sirknesse, which hath infrcted honestcr men then themselues. But I hope, as in other places the rerouerie of their diseases doelh acquaint llieir be dies with the aire of the countries where they be, so the re- mainder of these which hauc either recouered, or past without sicknes.se will prooue most lit for Martiall seniices. If we haue wanted Surgeons, may not this rather be laid vpnn the captaiiies (who arc to proiiide for their scuerall Companies) then vpott the (rcnerals, whose care hath bene more gcnerall. And how may it be thought that euery captaine, \ j>on whom most of the charges nf raising their Companies was laid as an aduenture, could prouide themselues ( f all thing?, ex- pedient for a war, which was alwaies \ out to be maintained by the purse of the priiK~e Hut admit euery Captaine had his Surgeon : yet were the want of curing neuer the lesse : for our English Surgeons (for the most part) be vnexperienced in l.urts iliar come by shot; because England hath not knowen wars but of late, from whose ignonice proceeded this di.scoinrcri, which I hope wil warne those 5' hereafter go to the wars to make preparation of such .is nijv belter preserne mens Hues bv their skill. From whence the want of cariages did proceed, you may coniecturc in ^ we marched through a countr( \ '■i ll lie Portugall voyage. The Portugall voyage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 6S7 a countrey neither plentifull of such prouisions, nor willing to part from any thing : yet this I can a.ssiire you, that no nia of worth was left either hurt or sicke in any place vnprouided for. And that the General commanded all the mules & asses that were laden with any bag- gage to be vnburdcncd and taken to that vse : and the carle of Essex and he for money hired men to cary me vpon i)ikes. And the earle (whose true vertue and nobilitie, as it doeth in all other his actions appcare, so did it very much in this) threw down his own stuffe, I meane apparel & necessaries which he had there, from his owne cariages, and let them be left by the way, to put hurt and sicke men vpon them. Of whose honourable deseruings I shall not need here to make any particular discourse, for that many of his actions do hereafter giue me occasion to obseruc the same. And the great complaint that these men make for the want of victuals may well proceed Ainwt7«totiif from their not knowing the wants of the war; for if to feed- vpon good bieues, muttons &*''^'' goats, be to want, they hauc endured great scarcitie at land, wherunto they neuer wanted, two dales together, wine to mixe with their water, nor bread to eat with their meat (in some quantiiie) except it were such as had vowed rather to stanie then to stir out of their places for food : of whom wc had too many, who if their time had serued for it, might haue seen in many oainpcs in the most plentifull countries of the world for victuals, men daily die with want of bread and drinke in not hauing money to buy, nor the countrey yeelding any good or healthful water in any place; whereas both Spaine and Portugall do in euery place aflbord the best water that may be, and much more healthful then any wine for our drinking. And although some hauc most injuriously exclaimed .igainst the smal prouisions of victuals for the sea, rather grounding the same vpon an euill that might haue fallen, then any that «lid light vpD vs: yet know you tliis, that there is no man so forgetfull, that will say they wanted before they came to the Grojnc, that whosoeuer made not very large prouisions for himsclfe & his company at the Groine, was very improuident, where was plentiful store of wine, biefc and fish, & no man of place prohibittd to lay in the same into their ships, where- with some did so furnish themselues, a.^ they did not oncly in the iourney supplie the wants of such as were Icsse prouident then they, but in their retume home made a round commoditie of the remainder iherecf And that at Cascais there came in such store of prouisions into the Fleet out of Eni;!and, as no man that would haue vsed his diligence could haue wanted his due proporiii) ihercof, as mi;;ht appcare by the remainder that was returned to Plimmouth, and the plentiful! ^aic thereof made out of the ir.archants ships alter their comming into the Thames. But least I should seeme vnto you ♦~r, studious in confuting idle opinions, or answering friuolous «|iie>lions, 1 wi! adresse me to the true report of those actios that haue passed there- in : wherin I protest, I will neither hide any thing that hath hapncd against vs, nor attribute more to any man or matter, then the iust occasions thereof lead me vnto: wherein it shall appcare that there hath Incite nothin;; left vndone by the Generals which was before our go- ing < ul vndertaken by tiiem, but that there hath bene much more done then was at the first rci)iiirc(l i)y Don .\nl(.ni(i, win. should haue reaped the fruit of our aduenture. Adcr (i tiaics sailing from the coast of luigland, & the ;> after we had the wind gootl being Oi.r mm hui liie 'iO (i| April in the eucning, wc landed in a baic more then an Ivn^iish mile from the ^,'^'i;",'„'"','fr (iroiiic, in our Ujuj; boats and pinnasses without any impeachment : from whence wc presently icf Ar'i- niarchctl toward ihc lownc, within one halfe mile we were encountred bv the encmie who be- ing charged hy ours, retired into their «;ates. For that night ciir annie lay in the villages, h( iwes \ mils next adioining, and very necre round about the towne, into the which the (lalcon named S, lohii (wliiih was the second of the last yecres Fleet agavn.st England) one hiilkc, two smaller ships and two (lallies which were found in the road, did beate vpon vs and vpon our C"om|)anies a< ihey passed too and Iro that night and the next morning. Generail Norris hauing that morniiiy; bclore day viewed the Towne, found ihe same defended on the land side ( lor it siand-ih \ pou the necke of an Hand ) with a wall \ pon a dry ditch : where- upon he resolueii to trie in two j)laccs what nii<;ht bee done against it by escalade, and in the nicanc timcaduised lor the landing of some ariillerv to beat \pon tiie ships and gallics, that 4 I. '^ ■ they i 1*1 m h' v'-i U ■ '''.'Mi t ■ 'mv, ■ \ 'f\.\ 688 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Portugall voyage. they might not annoy vs: which being put in execution, vpon the planting of the first piece the gallies abandoned the road, and betookc them to Feroll, not farre from thence : and the Armada being beaten with the artillery and musketen* that were placed vpon the next shore, left her playing vpon vs. The rest of the day was spent in preparing the companies, and other prouisions ready for the surprise of the base towne which was cirected in this sort. There were appointed to be landed 1200 men vnder the conduct of Coloncll Huntley, and Captaine Fenner the Viceadmirall, on that side next fronting vs by water in long boats and pinncsscs, wherein were placed many pieces of artillery to beat vpon the towne in lieir aproch : at the corner of the wail which defended the other water side, were appointed C ip- taine Richartl Winglield Lieutenant Colonell to Generall Norris, and Captaine Sampson Lieu- tenant Coloiiell to Generall Drake to enter at low water with 500 men if they found it pass- able, but if not, to betake them to tlic escalade, for they had also ladder-i witli them : at the other corner of the wall which ioyned to that side that was attempted l»y water, were appoint- ed Coloncll Vmpton, and Coloncll Bret with JiOO men to enter by escalade. All tlif •■oni- panies which should enter by boat being imbarked before the low water, and hainng giuer. u.e alannc, Captaine Winglield and Captaine Sampson bctooke them to the escalade, lor thev h.id in commandement to charge all at one instant. The boats landed without any great (iilhrul- ty : ye* had they some men hurt in the landing. Colonell Bret and Colonell Vmpton enircd their quarter without encounter, not finding any defence made again>it them : for Captaine llindrr being one of them that entrcd by water, at his first entry, with some of his ownc company whom he trusted well, bctooke himselfe to that part of the wall, which he cleared before that they ofliered to enter, and .so still scoured the wall till hec raino on the barke of them who mainleincd the fight against Captaine WingficlJ and Captaine Sampson ; who wore' twisc beaten from their ladders, and found very good resistance, till the enemies pirceiuin^ ours entred in two places at their backs, were driuen to abandon the .same, Tlu" reason wlw that place was longer defended then the other, is (as Don hum de Luna who commanded the (fame aflfirmeth) that the enemy that day had resolucd in councell how to ni;ikc their defences, if they wore approched : and therein concluded, thji, if we attempted it by water, it was not able to be held, and therefore vpon thedisrouery of our boats, ilicv of the high towne should make a signall by fire from thence, that all the low towne might injke their retreat ihi- ther: but they (whether troubled with the sudden terror wi- biought vpon them, or forgeiiiiiu their decree) omitted the fire, which made tliem guard that place til we were entred on eucr\ side. Then the towne being entred in three seucral places with an huge cry, the inhabitants bc- tooke them to the hiijh towne : which they might with it's.se perill ., wiiic h were cucry day found out in great numliers. Anicrngst thosf Don luan de I.im.i, a man of very good commandement, hauing hidden himselfe in a house, did the ne\t morning veeld himselfe. There was also t.ikcn iliai night a i()inmis>ary of \irtuals called Juan de Vera, who confess- ed that there were in tlic (iroine at our entrv .')(X) sonldiours being in seuen copanics whii ii returned very weake (as a|)pearcth by the .small numbers of them) from the iourney of En- gland, namely : "Don Diego Barr.-Mi, a b.xstard sonne of the Marques of Santa Cru/. ; his com- pany was that night in the (iaieon. D^ Wi Tie Portugttll voyage. iling of the first piece from thence : and the vpon the next shore, e cumpanieH, and other d in thin sort. Coloncll Huntley, and ;ater in long boats and )n the towne in l.eir e, were appointed C ip- Japlainc Sampson Licii- if they found it pass- Ider-i with thein : at the by water, were appoiiit- escahide. All llif '"om- [•r, and hauinR giuci, ...c le escalade, for lliev h;i(l ithdiit any great ailliriil- Coloncll Vmpton enlrcd nst them : f"r Caplaiiic with some of his owne • wall, which he cleared ec rainc on the backe of ainc Sampson ; who were' 1 the enemies pircciiiins e same. Tiie reason wliy una who commantled the w to make their defences mpfed it by water, it was k tln'\ of the high towne ight make their retreat ilii- t vpon them, or I'orgettiiiu 1 we wcrcentred on ciier'. ;e rrv, the inhabitants be- ll doe, for that our^ bcini; were not put to the ^word » in chambers and seller-, landcmcnt, hauing ntdden luan de Vera, who confe>- r in seuen <()()anies whi<'li ) from the lourncy of Fn- >8 of Santa Cru/ ; his coni- 'axides. n, with some of the towne Ako The Portugall votjuge. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Also there came in that day of our landing from Retanzas the companies of Don luan de Mo- nalle, and Do;i Pedro Poiire de Leon. Also he snilh that there was order giuen for baking of 300000 of biscuit, some in Batansas, some in Kibadeo, and the rest there. There were then in the towne 2000 pipes of wine, and 150 in the ships. That there were lately come vnto the Marques of Seralba 300000 ducats. That there were 101)0 iarres of oile. A great quantity of bcanes, praze, wheat, and fish. That there were 3000 quintals of becfe. And that not twenty dayes before, there came in three barks laden with match & harque- buzcs. Some others also found fanour to be taken prisoners, but the rest falling into the hands of the common souldiers, had their throats cut, to the number of 500, as I coniecture, first and last, after we had entred the towne; and in the entry thereof there was found euery celler full ol wine, whereon our men, bv inordinate drinking, both grew themselues for the present .senselesse of the danger of the shot of the towne, which hurt many of them being drunke, & tooke the lirst ground of their sicknesse; for of such was our first and chiefest mortality. There was also abundant store of victuals, salt, and all kinde of prouision for shipping and the warre : which was confessed by the sard Commissary of victuals taken there, to be the beginning of a magasin of all sorts of prouision for a new voyage into England : whereby you may coniecture what the spoile thereof hath aduantaged vs, and preiudiced the king of Spaine. The next morning about eight of the clockc the enemies abandoned their ships. And hauing oucrchargcd the artillery of y galliion, left her on (ire, which burnt in terrible sort two da\ es together, the fire and ouercharginivg of the pieces being so great, as of fifty that were in her, there were not aboue sixteene ukcn out whole ; the rest with ouercharge of the powder being broken, and molten with heat of tlie fire, were taken out in broken pieces into diners shippes. The same dav was the cloister on the South side of the towne entred by vs, which ioyned very neere to the wall of the towne, out of the chambers and other places whereof we best i. the same with our musquetiers. The next day in the al'iernoone there came downe some 2000 men, gathered together out of the cfiiintrey, euen to the gates of the towne, as resolutely (ledde by what spirit I know not ) as tlmiigh thev wouhl haue entred the same : but at the first defence made by ours that had the guard fherr, wherein were slaiue about eighteene of theirs, they tooke them to their hreles in the same disorder tliev iii.ide their approch, and with greater speed then ours were able to follow ; notwithstanding we followed after them more then a mile. The second day Cidonell Huntley was sent into the countrcy with three or foure hundred men, who brought home vcrv i;reat st' -e of kineand sheepe for our reliefe. The third dav it the night the Gencrall had in purpose to take a long munition>house builded vpon tlieir wall. he night following made so good defence for the place of the battery, as after there were very few or none annoyed therein. That day Captaine Goodwin had in corainandement from the tienerall, that when the assault should be giuen to the tuwne, he should make a proffer of an escalade on the other side, where he held his guard : but he (mistaking the signall (hat should haue bene giuen) attempted the same long before the as- sault, and was shot in the mouth. The same day the Generall hauing planted his ordinance ready to batter, caused the towne to be summoned ; in which summons they of the lowne shot at our Drum : immedially after that there was one hanged oucr the wall, and a parte de- sired ; wherein (hey gaue vs to vnderstand, that the man hanged was he that shot ut the Drum before : wherein also they intreated to haue fains warres, with promise of the same on their parts. The rest of the parle was spent in talking of Don luaii de Luna, and some other prisoners, and somewhat of the rendring of the towne, but not much, for they listened not greatly (hereunto. Generall Norris hauing by his skilfull victv of the towne (which is almost all scaled vpon a rocke) found one place thereof mineable, did presently set wurkemen in hand withal! ; who after three daves l.ibour (and the seuenth after we were enlred (he base towne) had bedded their powder, but indeede not farrc enough into (he wall. Against wl)ich time the breach made by tlic canon being thouglu a.ssaullable, and companies appointed as well to enter (he same, as that which was expected .should be blowen vp by (he mine : namely, to that of tlic canon, Captaine llichard .Vingfield, and Captaine i'hilpot, who lead (he Generals foo(-c()ni. panic, with whom also Cap(nine Yorke wen(, who.sc principall commandment was oucr (lii' horsemen. And (o that of the Myne, Captaine lohn Samp.son, and Cap(aine An(hoiiie Wingfield Lieutenant Coloncll (o the Mas(er of the Ordinance, wi(h certaine selec(ed oiii (if diners Hcginu-nts. All (hcse companies being in armes, and (he a.ssault in(ended to be giiii'ii in al places a( an ins(ant, lire was pu( (o (he (rainc of (he mine ; bu( by reason the powdir brake ou( backewnnls in a place where the caue was made too high, there could be nothin)' done in either place for that day. Durinj; this time Captaine Hinder was .sent with some chosen out of riier> company into the counirey for prouisions, whereof he brought in good glorc, anil returned without Icsse. The next day Captaine .Anthony Sam]xson was sent out with some ;>(H) to fetch in proui- sions lor (he army, who was cncoun(rcd by (hem of (he coun(rcy. bu( he pu( them to lli;;ht, and rtiurncd with good s|)oile The same night the miners were set to worke agnine, who by the second day al'icr had wrought very well info the fomulalion of the wall. A^jainst which lime the cimipaiiics aforcsayd being in rcadinesse for bolh places (Generall Drake on ihi- other side, with two or three hundred men in pinnc■.^es, making proll'er to attempt a ■..iron:' fort vpon an Hand bd'ore the towne, where he left more (hen (hir(y men) lire wa> gincii lo (he traine of the mine, which blew vp halfe the tower \iider which the powder was planiiil. The assailants hauing in charge vpon (he cll<( ting of (he mine presei)(K (o ^ine (he assault, performed it accordingly ; bn( (c;o soonc : for haning entrcd (he (op of (he breach, (he other halfe of the lower, which with the first force of the |)owder was onely shaken and made loosr, fell vpon our men : \niler which were buried about twenty or thirty, then being viider that part of the tower. This so an a/.ed our men that stood in the Ijreach, not knowing fn in whence tha' terror came, as 'licy forsooke their Commanders, and Icit ihcni among the niims of the mine. The (wo Lnsjgnes ol Generall Drake and Cap(ainc Anthonv \Vinj;ficld wcic shot in the breach, but their colours were rescued : ihe Generals bv Captain^' Sain[)sons I.itn- tenant, and Captaine Winnlields by hin\sell'e. Amongst them thai ihc wall fell vpon, \v,.> Ca|)taine Syilcnhain pitifully lost; who h.iuini,' three or fonre great sioiu i vpon liislo\»ir pails, was held so last, as iicitiifr hiinsclle could stirre, nor ;inv reasonable company reroiicr him. Notwithst.indirig the next day being found to be aline, there wai ten or (wclue Icsl in attempting to relieiie him. The breach made by the canon was woonderfully wcil assaulted by ihcm that had (he charge (hcrcni' <'.!i fic Portvgall voyage, ceiued direction from leaning a guard vpon e for the place of the ay Captaine Goodwin le giuen to the towne, eld his guard : but he ne long before the as- planted hill ordinance ins they of the tuwnc e wall, and a parlc de- he that shot at the >roini8e of the same on c Luna, and some other for they listened not almost all seated vpon n in hand withall ; who ase tuwnc) had bedded which time the brcaili itcd as well to enter llic ; namely, to that of ilii- 1 ihc GoneraU foot-com- imandincnt was oucr tlic and Captaine Anthonic 1 rcrlaine selected out of uilt ipieiidcd to be giiiin lit by reason the powder , there could be nothiiij; ndcr was sent with some ;reof he brought in good ne MK) to fetch in prmii- but he put them to lli;;ht, set to workc ajjaine, ulio )f the wall. Afiaiiist wliiih (Gencrall Drake on tho roller to attempt a ■-trcn:; ty men) fire was jfiucii in li the powder was plaiiUil. ■sentK to ^iiie the assimli, p of the brcjcli, the otlitr •Iv shaken ami maile loox-, 1V, then bcinf{ viuler lh:ii rc.uh, not knowiiii; iVv in I'lt tlu'm amon>! the niiiu's Antlioiiv Winnticiil were , r;i|)laiiii' Sainpsuns I.iiii- lal ihc wall Icll v|)oii, w ..s eat stoiu ■> vpon liis hmir asonablc cnniiiany rccoiur icro was ten or twcliic lc>l y ihetn that had the rharj;i! llitroi'. TTte Portugal voiage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 631 thereof, who brought their men to the push of the pike at the top of the breach. And being ready to enter, the loose earth (which was indeed but the rubbish of the outside of the wall) with the weight of them that were thereon slipped outwards from vnder their feet. Whereby did appeare halfe the wall vnbattered. For let no man thinke that culuerin or demy-cannn can sufficiently batter a defensible rampire : and of those pieces which we had ; the better of the demy-cnnons at the second shot brake in her carriages, so as the battery was of lesse force, being but of three pieces. In our retreat (which was from both breaches thorow a narrow lane) were many of our men hurt : and Captaine Dolphin, who serued very well that day, was hurt in the very breach. The failing of this attempt, in the opinion of all the beholders, and of such as were of best iudgcment, was the fall of the mine ; which had doubtlesse succeeded, the rather, because the approch was vnlooked for by the enemy in that place, and therefore not so much defence made there as in the other; which made the Generall grow to a new resolution : for finding that two dayes battery had so little beaten their wall, and that he had no better prepa- ration to batter withall : he knew in his experience, there was no good to be done that way ; which 1 thinke he fust put in proofe, to trie if by that terror he could get the vpper towne, hauing no other way to put it in hazzard so speedily, and which in my conscience had ob- tained the towne, had not the defendants bene in as great perill of their lines by the dis- ple.nsure of their king in giuing it vp, as by the bullet or sword in defending the same. For that day before the assault, in the view of our army, they burnt a cloister within the towne, and man^ other houses ailioyning to the castle, to make it more defensible: whereby it ap- peared liow little opinion thcmsclues had of holding it against vs, had not God (who would not haue vs suddenly made proud) layed that misfortune vpon vs. Ilereliy it may appeare, that the f(.ure canons, and other pieces of battery promised to the iourncy, and not pert'ormec', might haue made her Afaiesty mistresse of the Groine : for though the mine were infortuiiaf, yet if the other breach had bene such as the earth would haue held our men thereon, '. doe not thinke but they had entred it thorowly at the first a.ssault giuen : which had bene more then I haue heard of in our age. And being as it was, is no more then the Prince of Parma hath in winning of all his townes endured, who neucr entred any place at the first assault, nor aboue three by assault. The next day the CJenerall hearing by a prisoner that was brought in, that the Conde de Andradu had assembled an armie of eight thousand at Pi'ente de Burgos, sixe miles from thence in the way to Petance, which was but the beginning of an armie: in that there was a greater Icnuie readie to come thither vnder the Conde de Altemira, either in purpose to re- lieue the (iroine, or to encampe themselues neere the place of our embarking, there to hin- der the same ; for to that purpose had the marquesse of Seralba written to them both the first night of our lamling, .is the Commissaric taken then confessed, or at the least to stop our further entrance into the counlrey, (lor during this time, there were many incursions made of three or foure hundred at a time, who burnt, spoyled, and brought in victuals plen- tifully ) the General, I say, hearing of this armie, had in purpose the next day following to visite them, aga\ list whom hce caricd Init nine Regiments: in the vantgard were the Regi- ment of Sir Roger Williams, Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidney : in the Battaile, that of the Generall. <'r Colonell Lane, and Colonel Mcdkerk: and in the Rereward, Sir Henrie Norris, Coltmell lluntlcy, and Colonell Hrcts Regiments ; leaning the other fine Regiments with (ienerall Drake, f'lT the guard of the Cloister and Artillerie. About ten of the docke the next day, being the sixt of May, halfe a mile from the campe, we discouerirg the enemy. Sir Edward Norri-i, who commanded the \aiitj;ard in chiefe, appointed his Lieutenant Colonell Captaine .Vnihnnie Winglicld to command the shot of the same, who dinided them into three trM ; V The notablf oufrthri'W giut ru tHr SpitiiJidl at Furiuc ilc VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, r/,« Portugalt voyage. conded by Captainc Wingfield, who beat them from place to place (they hauing very good places of derence, and crosse walles which they might naue held long) till they betookc them to their bridge, which is ouer a creeke comming out of the Sea, buildcd of stone vpon arches. On the foot of the further side whereof, lay the Campe of the enemy very strongly entrendi- ed, who with our shot beaten to the further end of the bridge. Sir Edward Norria marching in the point of the pikes, without stay passed to the bridge, accompanied with Colonell Sid- ney, Captainc Hinder, Captaine Fulford, and diuers others, who found the way cicare oucr the same, but through an incredible volley of shot ; lor that the shot of their army flanked vpon both sides of the bridge, the further end whereof was barricaded with barrels : but they who should hauc guarded the same, seeing the proud approch wc made, forsooke the defence of the barricade, where Sir Edward cntred, and charging the first defendant with his pike, with very earnestnesse in ouerlhrusting, fell, and was gricuously hurt at the sword in the head, but was most honourably rescued by the (lenerall his brother, accompanied with Colo- nell Sidney, and some other gentlemen : Captaine Hinder also hauing his Caskc shot od; had flue wounds in the head and face at the swonl : and Captaine Fulford was shot into the Icli armc at the same encounter : yet were they so thorowly seconded by the Gcnerall, who ihriisi himselfe so necrc to giue encouragement to the attempt (which was of woonderfull difliriilty ] as their braucst men that defended that place being oucrthrowen, their whole army fell pre- sently into rout, of whom our men had the chase three miles in foure sundry wayes, wliicli they betookc thcmsclucs vnto. There was taken the Slandcnl willr the Kings armes, and borne before the Gencrall. How many two thousand mm (lor of so many consisted dur vantgnrd) might kill in pursuit of fourc sundry parlies, so many you may imagine tell hcidrc vs that day. And to make the number more great, our men hauing giuen oner the exccuiion, and reluming to iheir standes, found many hidden in the Vineyards and lied<;es, whit h thcv dispatched. Also Colonell ^fedkerk w.is i-ent with his regiment three miles further to ,i Cloister, which he burnt and spoiled, wherein he found two hundred more, & put them in the sword. There were slalne in this fight on our side onely Captaine Cooper, and one pri- uate souldier ; Capt.iinc Barton was also hurt vpon the brid;:c in the eye. IJul had yen sccr.o the lining baricadcs they had ni.ide on either side of the bridge, and how strongly tlicy l.iv Ciicanipnl ihercalionls, you wou'd haue thought it a rare resolniion of Oiirs to giue so braiic .i chari,'o vj)on a:i army so strongly hnlged. After the furie of the execution, the CJeiicr.]]! sent the \aiitgard one way, and the battel! an<f i.j' a iii.ui, which (had we • boaten the enemy at I'uenie tie Hingi"-) iiad bene iin| i i>sil)le to haue done; for that without doubt they Wduld haue atienipted sonieiliiii:; against \s in ( iir im- barking; as ap|)e:;red by the report of the ('on\niis-ary alcre ayd, who con/essed, that the Cr-t ni;:ht if our landing the .\far(iuc> ol Ser.ilba writ lo th«' Conde dc .\!temir. , ihe Coiide de Andrada, and to Terneis de Saniissn, to biing all the forces against vs that they cc uld possijilc he Portugall voyage. hey hauing very good till they betookc them of stone vpon arches, ery strongly entrench- ward Norris marching ied with Colonell Sid- id the way clcare oucr of their army flanked with barrels : but they I, forsooke the defence fendant with his pii^r, rt at the sword in the ccompanicd with Colo- his Caske shot off, had WHS shot into the Icit le Gcnerall, wi>o thriM oonderfull diflidilty) •ir whole army fell pre- re sundry waycs, wliith t the Kings armes, and SI) many consisted (.ur mav inia;;ine fell iiclorc iuen oiitT the execution, and hedges, wiii( h thi y [hrcc miles fiirlher U\ a d mere, & put them id ne Cooper, and one pri- cye. But had yiii sccr.c hd how strongly liiey lay W" oiirs to giuc so braiii- a execution, the Ciencr.ill , spoilc ; so as you mi>;ht TluTC was Inuiid \crv I rich apijareli, whit h tlit ulso landed in an Ilaiul I'ound. Thus we rcluriicd me, who shot many li:iu-> ne. e battery, and of llu- ^l^l 1 aiiv assurance of a lictur hat, 1 thiiikc the (it ncull "her tiiwne in one pLu .', ut they witliin ^uspdiiin; le same. In cuir dcpaitiirc as I may iuslly say, i! in W without his.se I 1' a man, i)ene ini|..o>sil)ie to liaiie hiiiL; against \s in cur im- i, wlio cunlisscil, liial the Ic lit .Mtcinir. , ilie Contle against vs tliat they ci iilil possijile The Portugal voiage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. ass poMJble raise, thinking no way so good to assure that place, a* to bring an army thither, where withall they might either besiege vs in their base towne, if we should get it, or to lie betweene vs and our place of imbarking, to fight with vs vpon the aduantage; for they had aboiie 15000 souldiers vndcr their comraandements. After we had put from thence, we had the winde so cont/ary, as we could not vnder nine dayes recouer the Durlings: in which passage on the thirteenth day the Earle of Essex, and with him M. Walter Deuereux his brother (a Gentleman of woonderfull great hope) Sir Ro- ger Williams Colonell generall of the footmen. Sir Philip Butler, who hath alwaye.i bene most inward with him, and Sir Edward Wingfleld, came into the fleet. The Earle hauing put himselfe into the iourney against the opinion of the world, and as it seemed to the haz- zard of his great fortune, though to the great aduancement of his reputation, (for as the honourable cariage of himselfe towards all men doth make him highly esteemed at home; so did his exceeding forwardnesse in all seruices make him to be woondered at amongst vs) who, I say, put off in the .same winde from Falmouth, that we left Plimmouth in, where he lay, because he would auoid the importunity of messengers that were dayly sent for his re- turne, and some other causes more secret to himselfe, not knowing ( as it seemed ) what place the Generals purposed to land in, had bene as farre as Cadiz in Andaluzia, and lay vp and downe about the South Cape, where he tooke some ships laden with corne, and brought them vnto the fleet. Also in his returne from thence to meet with our fleet, he fell with the Hands of Bayon; and on that side of the riuer which Cannas standeth vpon, he, with Sir Ro- ger Williams, and those Gentlemen that were with him went on shore, with some men out of the ship he was in, whom the enemy, that held guard vpon that coast, would not abide, but fled vp into the eountrcy. The 16 day we landed at Peniche in Portugall, vnder the shot of the castle, and aboue the waste in water, more then a mile from the towne, wherein many were in perill of drown- ing, by reason the winde was great, and the sea went high, which ouerthrew one boat, wherein flue and twenty of Captaine Dolphins men perished. The enemy being flue com- panies of Spaniards vnder the coinmandeinent of the Condc de Fuentes, sallied out of the towne against vs, and in our landing made their approch clase by the water side. But the Karle of Essex with Sir Roger Williams, and his brother, hauing landed sullicient number to make two troups, left one to holde the way by the water side, and led the other oucr the Sandhils; which the enemy seeing, drew theirs likewise further into the land; not, as we eoniectured, to encounter v.s, but indeed to make their speedy passage away: notwithstand- ing, they did it in such sort, as being charged by ours which were sent out by the Colonell ,:jenerall vnder Captaine lackson, they stood the same euen to the push of the pike: in whirh charge and at the push, Captaine Robert Piew was slaine. The enemy being fled further then we had reason to follow them, all our companies were drawcn to the towne; which being vnfortified in any place, we found vndefended by any man against vs. And therefore the Generall caused the castle to be suntmoned that night; which being abandoned by him that commanded it, a Portugall named Antonio de Aurid, being possessed thereof, desired but to be assured that Don Antonio was landed, whereupon he would deliuer the same; which he honestly performed. There w.xs taken out of the castle some hflndred shot Penichc nicm. and pikes, which Don Emanuel furnished his PorlUi;als withall, and twenty barrrls of pow- der: so as possessing both the towne and the castle, we rested there one day : wherein some Friers and other poore men came vnto their new king, promising in the natiic of their couii- trey next .'idioyning, that within two dayes he should hauc a good supply of horse and foote for his assistance. That day we remained there, the Generals company of horses were vnshipped. The Generals there fully rcsolued, that the Armie should march ouer land to Lisbone vmler the couduct of Generall Norris; ami that Generall Drake should mecte him in the riuer Iherof with the Flerte; that there should be one Ctmipany of foote left in garde of the Castle, and sixe in the ships: also that the sickc & hurt should remaine there with proui- voi.. II. 4 M sions % M ( ■ V, I 1l M }'l «M VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The Portugal wlagt. < atom for their cures. The Generall, to trie the etient of the matter by expedition, the next day beganne to march in this Hort : his owne Regiment, and the Re^iment of Sir Rover Williams, Sir Henrie Norris, Colonell Lane, and Colonell Medkerk, in the vantgard: Gene« rail Drake, Colonell Dcuereux, Sir Edward Norris, and Colonell Sidneis in the bartel: Sir lames Hales, Sir Edward Win);field, Colonell Vmptons, Colonell Hiinllies, and Colonell Brets in the arrereward. By that time our army was thus manhallcd, Generall Drake, al- though hee were to paase by Sea, yet to make knowen the honourable desire he had of taking equall part of all fortunes with vs, stood vpon the ascent of an hill, by the whicli our battalions must of necessity march, and with a pleasing kindnesHe tonke his leaue srueraily of the Commandew of cuery regiment, wishing vs all most happy successe in our iourncv nuer the land, with a constant promise that he wmild, if the iniury of the weather did not hinder him, meet vs in the riuer of Lisbon with our fleet. The want of cariages the first dav was such, as they were enforced to cary their muutiion vpon mens backs, which was the next day remedied. In this march Caplaine Crispc the Prouost Marshall caused one who (contrary to the Pro- clamation published at our arriuall in Porlugall) had broken vp an house for pillage, to he hanged, with the cause of his death vpon his breast, in the place where the act was com- mitted: which good example prouidcntly giuen in the beginning of our march, caused the commandemcnt to be more respectiuely regarded all the iourney after, by them whom feare of punishment doelh onely holde within romp:isse. The cam|>e lodged that night at Lorinha: the next day we had intelligence all the way, that the enemy had made head of horse arid foot against vs at Torres Vedras, which we thought they would haue held: but comming thither the second day of oiii manli, not two hourrs befon.- our vantgani came in, they Icfi the towne and the castle to the possession of Don Antonio. There began the greatest want we h.id of victuals, esperially of bread, vpon a commandr- ment giuen from the Generall, that no man >iild spoile the rountrey, or take any thin^ from any Portugall: which was more respectiuely obserunl, then i thinke would haue bene in our owne counlrey, amongst our owne friends and kindred: but the countrey (conlrarv to promise) wholly neglericd the prouisioii of victuals for vn, whereby we were driuen for that time into a >;reat starsily. Which mooucd the Colonell gencnll to rail all the Colonels toge- ther, and with them to nduise for some better course for our people: who thought it best, tirst to aduerlise the king what necessity we were in, before we should of our selues alter the first institution of abstinence. The riiionell generall hauing acquainted the Generall here- with, with his very goixl allowance thereof, went to the king: who after some expostulation!) vscd, tooke the more rarefull order for our men, and after that our army was more plenti- fully relieued. The thini day we lodged our army in three suncnces that the enemy would (ary vs there: for the (\')rdinall had made pijbli<|Ut' promise to them of Lisbon, that hi- Mould fight with vs in that |)lace, which he might hnur done udiiaMtageously ; for we had a bridge to passe oner in tiie same place: but before our connninj; he disliKlged, notwith- :itanding it appeared vnto vs that he had in purpose to encampe there; for we found the ground staked out where their trenches should banc bene made: and iheir horsemen with some few shot shewed themsclues vpon an hill at our comiring into that village; whom Sir Henry Norris (whose regiment had the point of the vantgani) thought to draw vnto some fight, and therefore marched without sound of driinime, and somewhat faster then ordinary, thereby 'he Portugal volagt. xpedition, the next iment nf Sir Rnger the vantgard: Oene- eis in the battel: Sir intliea, and Colonell , Generall Drakr, aU ble dcDirc he had of ill, by the which our ke hift leatie seueraliy cccMC in our inurncv r the weather did niit f cariaget the first dav ks, which waM the next ( contrary to the Pro- use for pillage, to be »here the act was torn- our inarch, caused the r, by them whom feare it that night at Lorinha: iide head of hone and ue held: but comining gard came in, they left read, vpon a commandc- itrev, or take any thing hinkc would haue bene ic countrcy (contrary f" we were driuen for that ■all all the Colonel* tope- le: who thought it best, lid of our seine* alter thr ainled the Generall here- after some expostulations r army wan more plenti- the one battalion lying , and the thin! in San I this march made triall of poraU rhar^ed with tiplit li some forty horses: whci cs that the enemy would thcin of Lisbon, that hi iitagfously ; fur we had a \^>' he disliKlged, notwith- lliiTf; fur we found the and their horsemen with ito that village; whom Sir loiight to draw vnto some cwhat faster then ordinary, thereby The Portugal toiage. TlUFFIdUES, AND DISCOUERIES. thereby to get neere them before he ^ere discoucred, for he was shadowed from them by an hill that was betweene him and them: but before he could draw his companies any thing ncere, they retired. General Drakes regiment (hat night, for the commodity of good lodging, drew them- iielues into a village, more then one English mile from thence, and neere the enemy: who not daring to do any thing against v« in fourc dayes before, tooke that occasion, and in the next morning fell downe vpon that regiment, crying, Viua el Rey Don Antonio, which was a generall salutation thorow all the Countrey as they came: whom our yoong Souldiers ( though it were vpon their guard, and before the watch were diicharged) began to en- tertaine kindly, but hauing got within their guard, they fell to cut their throats: but the alarmc being taken inwards, the officers of the two next Companies, whose Cap- taines (C:tptainc Sydnam and Cnptaine Young) were lately dead at the Groine, brouglit downe their colours and pikes vpon them in so resolute maner, as they presently draue them to retire with losse: they killed of ours at their first entrance fourteene, and hurt sixe or scueii. The next day we lodged at Aluelana within three miles of Lisbon, where many of our souldiers drinking in two places of standing waters by the way were poisoned, and thereon presently died. Some do thinke it came rather by eating of hony, which they found in the houses plentifully. But whether it were by water or b) hony, the poore men were poisoned. That night the Earle of Essex, and Sir Roger Williams went out about eleuen of the clocke with 1000 men to lie in ambuscade neere the towne, and hauing layed the same very neere, sent .some to giue the alarme vnto the enemy : which wiis well performed by them that had the charge thereof, but the enemy refused to issue after them, so as the Earle re- turned assone as it was light without doing any thing, though he had in purpose, and was ready to haue giucn an honourable charge on them. The 25 of May in the cuening we came to the suburbs of Lisbon : at the very entrance whereof Sir Roger Williams calling Captaine Anthony Wingfield with him, tooke thirty shot or thereabouts, and first scowred all the streets till they came very neere the towne ; where they found none but olde folks and beggers, crying, Viua el Key Don Antonio, and the hoiLses shut vp : for they had caried much of their wealth into the towne, and had fired some houses by the water side, full of corne and other prouisions of victuals, least we should be bcneliicii thereby, but yet left bchinde them great riches in many houses. The foiire regiments that had the vantgard that d.iy, which were Colonell Deuereux, Sir Edward Norris, Colonell Sidneys, and Generall Drakes (whom I name .-ts they marched) the Colonell generall caused to holde guard in the necrest streets of the Suburbs : the bat- tell and the arreward stood in arines all the night in the iield neere to Alcantara. Before morning Captuine Wingfield, by direction from the Colonell j;cnerall Sir Roger Williams, held guard with Sir Edward Norris his regiment in three places very neere the towne wall, and so held the .same till the other regiments came in the morning. About midnight they within the towne burnt all their houses i'i:at stood vpon their wall either within or without, least we possessing them, might thereby gre.;lly haue annoyed the towne. The next morning Sir Roger Williams attem,ited (but not without peril) to take a Church called S. Antonio, which ioyned to the wall of he towne, and would haue bene a very euili neighbor to the towne: but the enemy hauing nure casic entry into it then we gained it be- fore vs. The re.st of that morning was spent in quartering the battell and arrereward in the Suburbs culled Bona Vista, and in placing Musqueticrs in houses, to front their shot vpon the wall, who from the same scowred the great streets very dangerouslv. By this time our men being thorowly weary with our sixe dayes march, and the last nights watch, were desirous of rest; whereof the enemy being aduertised, about one or two of the clocke sallied out of the towne, and made their approch in three seuerall .streets vpon vs, but chiefly in Colonell Brets quarter: who (as most of the army was) being at rest, with as much fpeed as he could, drew his men into armes, and made head against them so thorowly, as 4 M 2 himsclfe 635 'fn f< in ' 'I t 'I ! n ( •M VOYAOM, NAUIGKTIONt. The Portugal volage. • 'I Ji. . ^ - n; u li'' hinHeir« w« fhlne >i» the place, Captaine Caisey Mhot thorcm the thigh, of which hurt he died within tiy\ut Aayt% ancr, Captaine Carre ilaine prejiently, and Captaine Caue hurt (but not morially ) who were all or his regiment. Thifl resistance made aswell here, as in other quarten where Colonell Lane and Coloneil Medkerk commanded, put them to a sudden Toule retreat ; insomuch, ** the Barle of Bwiex had the chase of them euen to the raiei« of the high towne. wherein they left behinde them many of their best Commanders : tneir troupe of horsemen also came out, but being charged by Captaine Yorke, withdrew themsehie!t n^aine. Many of them also left the street*, and betooke them to houNes which they Tound open: for the Sergeant maior Captaine Wil- son slew in one hou^e with his owne handt three or Toure, and cauxed them that were with him to hill many others. Their losse I can aMure you did triple ourx, as well in quality a« in quantity. During our march to thia place, Oenrrall Drake with the whole fleet was rnme into CkacaiN, and posseswd the towne without any re^ixMnce : many of the inhabitants at their diaciiuery of our nauy, flcddc with their baggage into the mountaines, and left the towne for any man that would potseMse it, till Gencrall Drake sent vnto them by a Por- tugal! Pilot which he had on boord, to ofTer them all peaceable kindnease, so farre foorth as thej woMJd accept of their King, and minister necessaries to the army he had brought; which offer they ioyfully imbraced, and presently sent iw<» chiefe men of their towne, to signifie their loyalty to Don Antonio, and their honctit atl'eciinns in our people. Whereupon the Oenerall landed his companies not farre from the Cloister called San Domingo, but not without perill of the shot of the castle, which being guarded with 6.") Spaniards, held still against him. As otir fleet were casting acre when ihey came flrxt into that road, there was a small ship of Brasil that came from thence, which bare with them, and seemed by striking her sailes, as though she would also haue ancred : but taking her fittest occasion hoised againe, and vwuld hatie passed vp the riuer, but the Gmerall presently discerning her purpose, sent out a pinnesse or two after her, which forced her in surh sort, as she ran henelfe vpon the Rocks: all the men escaped out of her, and the l.ndinj; (l>eing many rhests of sugar) was ma for our artillery : promising to themseliies, that the enemy being wcl beaten the day before, would make no more rallies: s^ ine others (whose vnbeliefe was \erv strong of any hope front the Portugall) pei>iwaded rather to march wholly away, then to be anv longer c.irried away with the opinion of things, whereof there was so little appearance. The Oenerall not willing to leaiie any occasion of blofte to be layed vpon him for his speedy going from thence, nor to lose any more time by atfcmling the hopes of Don .Antoini); tokle them, that though the expedition of Porluyall were not the onely |»urpose of their iourney, btit an aduenture therein (which if it siirrcetled prosperously, might make them sufficiently rich, and wooiidfrfidl honourable) and that they had done so much already in triall thereof, as what end socuer happened, could nothing impaire their credits: yet in regard of the Kings last promise, that he should banc that night 30(K) men armed of his owne Countrey, he would not for that night dislodge. And if ihcy came thereby to ma!;e him so siring, that he might send the like nunitier for his munition, he would resolue to trie his fortune for the towne. Itnt if they cumc not, he fuuiid ,/ • •■ > 'he Portugal vohtge. h, or which hurt he Captaine Caue hurt I Lane and Colonell an the Barle or Emcx icy lert behinde them ul, but beinK charged left the atreetM, and inaior Captaine Wil- them that were with at well in quality a« fleet was) rnine intn 'he inhabitants at their intaincR, and left the . vnto them by a Por- c*te, ao farre Toorth as army he had brought; men of their towne, to ur people. Whereupon San Domin)(o, but not >ri Spaniard*, held iitiil I, there was* a small ship I by strikinx her sailcs, K«ion hoised againe, and )g her purpose, »eiit out \e ran hcrselfe vpon the any cheats of sugar) waa h we con- tinued till we haured the Generall, that vpon his first landing, there would be a rcuolt of his subiects: whereof there was some hope giuen at our first entry to Peniche, by the maner of fhe yeelding of that towne and fort, which made the Generall thinke it most conuenient speedily to march to the |)rincipall place, thereby to giue courage to the rest of the Countrey. The Friers also and the poore people that came vnto him, promised, th.it within two daycs the gentlemen and others of the Countrey would cume plentifully in: within which twodayes came many more Priests, and some very few gentlemen on horsebacke; but not til we came to Torres Vedras: where they that noted the course of things how they passed, might somewhat discoiicr the weakncsse of that people. There they tooke two dayes more: and at the end thereof referred Inm till our coinmiiig to Lidbon, with assurance, that so soone a., our army should be seene there, all the inliabitanU would be for the King and fall vpon the Spanianls. After two nights tariance at Linhon, the King, as you hauc heard, promised a supply of 3000 foot, and some h'irse : but all his appointments being expire the field, and so march- ^apiainc Anthony Wing* ly (aey slrooke ofl' a gentlc- rsemen also followed vs in march, nor we had ca- After The Portugall voiage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 639 ' After we had bene two dayes at Cascais, we had intelligence by a Frier, that the enemy was marching strongly towards vs, and then came as farre as S. Iiilian : which newes was so welcome to the Barle of Essex and the Generals, as they offered euery one of them to giue the messenger an hundred crownes if they found them in the place ; for the General! desiring nothing more then to fight with them in field roome, dispatched that night a messenger with a trumpet, by whom he writ a cartell to the General! of their armjr, wherein he gaue them the lie, in that it was by them reported that we dislodg^ from Lisbon in disorder and feare of them (which indeed was most false) for that it was fiue of the clocke in the morning be- fore we fell into armes and then went in such sort, as they had no courage to follow out vpon Also he challenged him therein, to meet him the next morning with his whole army, if he vs. durst attend his comming, and there to try out the iustnease of their quarrel by battel!: by whom also the Barle of Essex (who preferring the honor of the cause, which was his countreys, before hisowne safety) sent a particular cartel, oflering himselfe against any of theirs, if they had any of his quality : or if they would not admit of that ; sixe, eight, or tenne, or as many as they would appoint, should meet so many of theirs in the head of our battel! to trie their fortunes with them ; and that they should haue assurance of their retume and honourable intreaty. The General! accordingly made all his army ready by three of the clocke in the morning and marched euen to the place where they had encamped, but they were dislodged in the night in great disorder, being taken with a sudden feare that we had bene come vpon them, as the General! was the next day -certainely informed : so as the Trumpet followed them to Lisbon, but could not get other answere to either of his letters, but threatening to be hanged, for daring to bring such a message. Howbcit the Gencrall had caused to be written vpon the backside of their pasport, that if they did offer any violence vnto the messengers, he would hang the best prisoners he had of theirs : which iiade them to aduise better of the matter, and to retume them home ; but without answere. After our army came to Cascais, and the castle summoned, the Castellan thereof granted, lliat vpon fiue or sixe shot of the canon he would deliucr the same, but not without sight thereof. The General! thinking that his distressc within had bene such for want of men or victuals as he could not holde it many dayes, because he saw it otherwise defensible enough, determined rather to make him yeeld to that necessity then to bnng the cannon, and there- fore onely set a giurd vpon the same, least any supply of those things which he wanted should be brought vnto them. But he still standing vpon those conditions, the Generall about two dayes before he determined to goe to Sea, brought three or foure pieces of battery against it : vpon the first tire whereof he surrendered, and compounded to go away with his Inggage and armies; he had one canon, two culuerings, one basiliske, and three or foure other field pieces, threescore and fiue Sotildiours, very good store of munition and victualles enough in the Castle : insomuch as he might haue held the same longer then the Generall had io purpose to tarry there. One company of footmen was put into the guard thereof, till the artillery was taken out, and our army embarked ; which without hauing that fort, we could nut without great perill haue done. When we were ready to set saiie (one halfe of the fort being by order from the Gencrall blowen vp by mine) the company was drawne away. During the time we lay in the road, our fleet began the second of lune, and so continued sixe dayes after to fetch in some hulks to the number of threescore, of Dansik, Stetin, Rostock, Lubeck & Hamburgh, laden with Spanish goods, and as it seemed for the kings prouision, and going for Lisbon : their priiK ipll I idmg was Corne, Masts, C.ibles, Copper, and waxe: amongst which were some of grc.it burthen wnonderful well builded fbr sailing, which had no great lading in them, and therefore it was thought that they were brought for the kings prouision, to reiiifsrcc his decayed nauy: w!:ereof there was the greater like- lyhood, in that the owner of the greatest of them wliich caried two misnes, was knowen to be very inward with the Cardinall, who rath'-r then he would be taken with his ships, com- mitted him-ielf vnto his small boat, wherein he recouered S. Sebastians; into the which our men, th;it before were in flieboats, were shipped, and the fliebnats sent home with an olt'er of corne, to the value of their hire. But the winde being good for them for Roche!, they chose ,''i m Hi i ii> Hi r>40 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Ttie Portugall voya'gr. I '/I fe choM rather to lose their corne then the winde, and m> departed. The Generall also seiii his horses with them, and from thence shipped them into England. The third of lune, Colnnell Deuereux and Colonell Sidney, being both rerjr sicke, depart, ed for England, who in the whole ionrnev had shewed themaelues very forward to ail sertiicei*, and in their departure very vnwilling to Icaue vs: that day we imbarked all our army, but lay in the road vntill the eight thereof. The sixt day the Earle of Essex, vpon receit of letters from her Maiesty. by them that brought in the victuals, presently departed towards England, with whom Sir Roger Williams vm very desirous to go, but found the Generals very vnwilling he should do so, in that he bare the next place vnto them, and if they should miscarry, was to command the army. And the same day there came vnto vs two small barks that brought tidings of some other shippes come out of England with victuals, which were passed vpwards to the Cape : for meeting with whom, the second day after we set saile for that place, in purpose after our meeting with them to go with the lies of Azores, the second day, which was the ninth, wc met with them comming backe againe towards V!«, whose prouision little answered our expectation. Notwithstanding we resolued to continue our course for the Hands. About this time was the Marchant Royall, with three or foure other ships, wnt to Prnirhc, to fetch away the companies that were left there ; hut Captaine Barton hauing receiiicd letters from the Generals that were sent ouerland, wa<4 departed before, not being able by reason of the enemies speedy marching thither, either to bring away the artillery, or all his men, according to the direction those letters gaue him ; for he was no sooner gone, then the enemy possessed the town and castle, and shot at our shi|)s as they came into ihf road. At this time also was the Ambassador from the Emjicror of Marocco, called Key.4 Hamet Bencasamp, returned, aud with him M. Ciprian, a Gentleman of good place and desert, was sent from Don Antonio, and Captaine Ousley from the Generals to the Emperor. The next morning the nine gallics which were sent not fine daye* before out of Andahiziu for the strengthening of the riuer of Lisbon (which being ioyncil with the other Iwelue that were there before, though we lay hard by them at S. Tulians, durst nciier make any attempt against vs) vpon our departure from thence were returninj; home, and in the morning being « very dead calme, in tne dawning thereof, fell in the winde of our fleet, in the vttermost part whereof they assailed one stragling barke of Plimmotith, of the which Captaine Cauerly Deing Captaine of the land company, with his Lieutenant, the Master and some of the Mariners abandoned the ship, and betooke ihem to the ship-boats, whereof one, in which the Master and the Captaine were, was oueminne with the gallics, and they drowned. There were also two hulks :■■ ^led farre from the strength of the other shijis, which were so calmed, as neither they could get to vs, nor we to them, though all the great shippes towed with their boats to hauc relieued them, but could not be recouered ; in one of which was Captaine Minshaw with his company, who fought with them to the last, yea after hi.4 ship was on fire, which whether it was tired by himselfe or by them we could not wel disceme, but might easily iudge by his long and qo«d fight, that the enemy could not but sustaine much lossc : who setting also vpon one other hulke wherein was but a Lieutenant, and he very >irke, were by the valour of the Lieutenant put off, although they had first beaten her with their artillery, and attempted to boord her. And seeing also one other hnlke a league olT, a sterne ofT vs, they made towards her; but finding that she made ready to fight with them, they durst not further attempt her : whereby it seemed, their losse being great in the other fights, they were loth to proceed any further. From that day till the 19 of lune, our direction from the General! wa«, that if the wind were Northerly, we should plie for the Azores ; but if Southerly, for the lies of Bayon. We lay with contrary windes about that place and the Rocke, till the Southerly winde preuailing carried vs to Bayon : part of our ships to the number of 'i5, in a great winde which was two dayes before, hauing lost the Admirals and fleet, according to their direction, fell in the morn- ing of that day with Bayon, among whom was Sir Henry Norris in the Ayde ; who had in purpose ( if the Admirals had not come in ) wiih some 500 men out of them all to huue bnded, and riie Portugall voyage. The Generall also seni both very wckc, dcpart- » very forward to all y we imbarkcd alt our Maieiity, by them that horn Sir Roger Williams »hould do (K), in that he o command the army. t tidings of some other wanli* to the Cape: for ce, in purpose after our which was the ninth, we lion little answered oiir for the liandM. er ship*, sent to Penirhc, Barton hauing receiticd tfore, not being able by ay the artillery, or all his DO sooner gone, then the came into the road, rocco, called Reyn Hamet ;ood place and dcserl, was ' the Emperor. , ^ ^ , . e^ before out of Andaluzia xvith the other twelue that t ncuer make any attempt and in the mornmg being our fleet, in the vttermost \e which Captaine Caiierly Master and s"me of the 1, whereof one, in which the and they drowned. There ,im. which were oo calmed. . crcat shippes towed with ^oiie of which wn» Captaine ra after hi.^ ship Nva* on fire. ot wel discemi-, but might lot but sustaine much losse : ant, and he veiy sicke, were aten her with their artil^ry, J league off, a sterne off vs, ,t wiih them, they dumt not sat in the other fights, they nerall was that if the wind forthellesofBayon. We p Southerly winde preuailmg a oreat winde which was two ir direction, fell in the morn- ris in the Ayde :/»'o,'^='Jj; Htofthemalltohauebnded, The Porlugatt volage. TRAFFK^UBS, AND OlSCOtFCRIGS. «41 and attempted the taking of Vigo. The rest of the fleet held with Generall Drake, who though he were two dayes before put vpon those Hands, cast off againe to sea for the Aporesi but remembring how vnprouided he was for that ioiirney and seeing that he had lost company of his great ships, returned for Bayon, and came in there that night in the euenin^ where he passed vp the riuer more then a mile aboue Vigo. The next morning we landed a.s many as were able to fight, which were not in the whole aboue 20U0 men (for in the 17 dayes wc continued on boi rd we had cast many of our men ouerboord) with which number the Colonell generall marched to the towne of Vigo, necre the which when he approched, he sent Captaine Anthony Wingfield with a troupe of shot to enter one side of the same, who found vpon cuery streets end a strong barricade, Vijoukm. but altogether abandoned; for hauing entered the towne, he found but one man therein, but might sec them making way before him to R.-iyon. On the other side of the towne entred Generall Drake with Captaine Richard Win^jlicld, whose approch on that side (I thinke) made them leauc the places they had so artificially made for defence : there were also certaine shippes sent with the Vice admirall to lie close before the towne to beat vpon the same with their artillery. In the alternoone were sent .300 vnder the conduct of Captaine Petuin and Captaine Henry Foure, to burne another village betwixt that and Bayon, called Borsis, and a-< much of the country as the day would giue them leaue to do ; which was a very pleasant rich valley : but they burnt it all, houses and corne, as did others on the other side of the towne, both that and the next day. so as the countrey was spoiled seuen or eight miles in length. There was found great store of wine in the towne, out not any thing els: for the other dayes warning of the shippes that came first in, gaue them a respit to cary all away. The next morning by breake of the day the Colonell generall (who in the absence of the Generalls that were on boord their ships, commanded that night on shore) caused all our companies to be drawen out of the towne, and sent in two troups to put fire in euery house vi|obun»4. of the same: which done, we imbarked againe. This day there were certaine Mariners which (without arty direction) put themselues on shore, on the contrary side of the riuer from vs for pillage; who were beaten by the enemy from their boats, and p;\nished by the Generals for their offer, in going withoiit allowance. The reasons why we attempted nothing against Bayon were before shewed to be want of artillery, and may now be alledged to be the small number of our men : who should haue gone against so strong a place, manned with very good souldiers, as was shewed by Iiian de Vera taken at the Groine, who confe-ssed that there were sixe hundred oTde SouldierA in garrison there of Flanders, and the Tercios of Naples, lately also returned out of the tour- ney of England, "Capitan Fuebla, Christofero Vasques de Viralta a souldier of Flanders. Don Pedro Camascho, del tercio de Napoles. Don Francisco de Cespedes. Cap. luan de Solo, del tercio de Naples. Don Dic^o de Cassaua. _Cap. Sauban. Also he sayth there be IS pieces of brasse, and foure of yron, lately layed vpon the walles of the towne, besides them that were there before. The same day the Genenls seeing what weake estate our army was drawn into by sicknesse, determined to man and victiiall twenty of the best ships for the Hands of A(oreif with Generall Drake, to see if he could meet with the Indian fleet, and Generall Norris to returnc home with the rest : And for the shifting of m-n and victualles accordingly, purposed the next morning to fall downe to the Hands of ilayon againe, and to remaine there that day. But Generall Drake, according to their apointment, being vnder sailc neuet strooke at the Hands, but put straight to sea ; whom all the fleet followed sauing three and thirty, which being in the riuer further then he, and at the entrance out of the same, finding the winde and VOL. II. 4 N tide «4 Vnder the leading of ni ■:■ 1 f » il;! 4 «M VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS. The Portugall vohge. ili>^! «) V I Ml ..a 'H I > ;..'■ riimniouUi> tide too hmt against them, were inrorced to cast ancre there Tor that night ; amongst whom, by good fortune, was the Foresight, and in her sir Edward Norris. And the night folowing, Generall Norris being driiien Trom the rest of (he Fleet by a great storme, (for all that day was the greatest storme we had ail the time we were out ) came againe into the Hands, but not without great perill, he being forced to truHt to a Spanish Fisher-man (who was taken two dayes before at sra) to bring him in. The next morning he called a council of as many as he found there, holding the purpooc he had concluded with sir FranciM Drake the day before, and directed all their courses for England, tarrying there all that day to water and heipe such with victuall, as were left in wonderfull dlNlresse by hauing the victuals thai came la.st, caried away the day before to sea. n-hriimmncio Th* ncxt day he set sailc, and the 10 day after, which was the 2 of luly came into Plim- mouth, where he found sir Francis Drake and all the Queens ships, with many of the others but not all: for the Fleet was dispersed into other harbors, some led by a desire of returning frO whence they came, and some being posstessed of the hulks, sought other Ports from their Generals cie, where they might make their priuate commoditie of them, as they haue done to their great aduantage. Presently vpon their arriual there, the Generals dissolued all the armie sauing 8 com- panies which are yet held together, giuing euery souldier fiue shillings in money, and the ar- mies hee bare to make money of, which was more then could by any means be due vnto them : for they were not in seruice three moneths, in which time they had their victuals, which no man would value at lesse then halfc their pay. for such is the allowance in her maiesties ships to her mariners, so as there remained but 10 shillings a moneth more to be paid, for which there was not any priuate man but had apparel and furniture to his owne vse, so as euerv common souldier discharged, receiued more in money, victuals, apparel and furniture, then his pay did amount vnto. Notwithstanding, there be euen in the same place where those things haue passed, that cither do not or will not conceiue the souldicrs estate, by comparing their pouertie and the ihortnesse of the time together, but lay some iniuries vp5 the Generals and the action. AVhere, and by the way, but especially here in London, I Knd there haue bene some false Erophetsgone before vs, tellinu; strange tales For as our countrey doeth bring foorth many gal- int men, who desirous of honour doe put themselues into the actions thereof, so doeth it many more dull spirited, who though their thoughts reach not so high as others, yet doe they listen how other mens acts doe passe, and either beleeuing what any man will report vnto them, are willingly caried away into errors, or tied to some greater mans faith, become secretaries against a noted trueth. The one sort of these doe take their opinions from the high way side, or at the furthest goe no further the Pauls to enquire what hath bene done in this voiage: where, if they meet with any, whowe capacitie before their going out coulil not make them liue, nor their valour maintaine their reputation, and who went onely for spoile, complaining on the hanlnessc and misery thereof, they thinke they are bound to giiic credite to these honest men who were parties therein, and in very rharitie become of thrir opinions. The others to make good the faction they are entretl into, if they see any of those malecontenls (as euery iourncy yeeldeth .some) doe runne vnto them like tempting spirits to confirme them in their humour, with a.ssurance that they foresaw before our going out what would become thereof Be ye not therefore too credulous in beleeuing euery report: for you see there haue bene many more beholders of these things that haue passed, then actors in the same; who by their experience, not hauing the knowledge of the ordinary wants of the warre, haue thought, that to lie hard, not to haue their meat well dressed, to drinke sometimes water, to watch nuirh, or to see men die and be slainc, was a miserable tiling ; and not hauing so giuen thrir mindes to the seruice, as they are any thing instructed thereby, doe for want of belter matter di.scourse ordinarily of these things: whereas the iourney (if they had with that iud);ement seene into it, which their places required ) hath giuen them fur mure honorable purpose and argument of discourse. Those The Portugall voiage. night; amongst whom. And the night folowing, storme. ( for all that day kine into the Hands, but ^er-man (who was taken !rc, holding the purpose ■cted all their courses for victuall, as were left in ly the day before to sea. 1 of luly came into Plim- with many of the others I by a desire of returning ;ht other Ports from their them, as they haue done the armie sauing 8 com- ngH in money, and the ar- r means be due vnto them: id their victuals, which no »nce in her maiesties ships lore to be paid, for which his owne vse, so as euery pparel and furniture, then e things haue passed, that ring their pouertie and the • General!* and the action. \\ere haue bene some false oeih bring foorth many gal- kctions thereof, so doeth it high a« others, vet doc what any man will report greater mans faith, become [heir opinions from the hi;:h i what hath bene done in ore their going out could n, and who went onely for inkc they are bound to giiic :y rharitie become of their to, if they see any of those them like tempting spirits ; before our going out what Tor you see there haue bene g in the same ; who by their he warre, haue thought, that imcs water, to watch much, not hauing so giuen their oe for want of better matter ley had with that iudgement acre honorable purpose and These The Portugatt voiage. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 049 These mens discontentments and mislikings before our comming home haue made mee labour thus much to instruct you in the ceriaintie of euery thing, biecause I would not wil- lingly haue you miscaried in the iudgements of them, wherein you shall giue me leaue some- what to dilate vpon a question, which I onely touched in the beginning of my letter, namely. Awmhj»''''««'• Spaine in the Low countries, or as in this iourney. to ofl'end him in his neerer territories, seeing the grounds of arguing thereof are taken from the experience which the actions of this iourney haue giuen vs. There is no good subiect that will make questio, whether it be behoofeful for vs to hold friendship with these neighbours of ours or no, as well in respect of the infinite proportion of their shipping, which must stand either with vs or against vs; as of the commoditie of their harbors, especially that of Vlishing, by the fauour whereof our Nauie may continually keepe the Narrow sea.4, and which would harbour a greater Fleele agaynst vs, then the Spaniard shall need to annoy vs withall, who being now distressed by our common enemie. I thinke it most expedient for our safetie to defend them, and if it may be. to giue them a reentrie into that they haue of late yecres Inst vnio him. The one without doubt her maiestie may do without dif- ficultie, and in so honorable sort as he shnl neuer be able to dispossesse her or them of any the townes they now hold. But if any man thinke that the Spaniard may be expelled from thence morespeedilyorconueniently by keeping an armie there, then by sending one against him into his owne countrey : let him foresee of how many men and conlinuall supplies that armie must consist, and what intollerable expenses it requireth. And let him thinke by the example of the duke of Alua, when the prince of Urenge had his great armie agaynst him; and of Don luan, when the States had their mightie assembly against him ; how this wise enemie, with whom we sre to deale, may but by prolonging to tight with vs, leaue vs occasions enough for our armie within few moneths (o mutinc and breakc ; or by keeping him in his townes leaue vs a Kpoyled field : where though our prouision may bee such of our owne as we starue not, yet is our weakneste in any strange country such, as with sicknes and miserie we shall be dii«solued. And let him not forget what a continual burthen we hereby lay vpon vs, in that to reposscsse those countreys which haue been lately lost, wil be a warre of longer continuance then we shall be able to endure. In the very action whereof, what should hinder the king of Spaine to bring his forces home vpto vs? For it is certaine he hath long since set downe in councell, that there is no way for him wholy to rocouer those Low countries, but by bringing the warre vpon England it selfe, which hath alwayes assisted them against him: and that being determined, and whereunto he huth bene vehemently urged by the last yeeres Insse he sustained vpon our coasts, and the great dishonor this iourney hath laid v|K>n him ; no doubt if we shall giue him respite to doe it, but he will mightily advance his purpose, for he is richly able thereunto, and won- dcrfull desirous of rciienge. To encounter wherewith, I wish euen in true and honest zeale to my Countrey, that we were all perswadrd that there is no such a.ssured meanes for the safetie of our estate, as to busy him with a well furnished armie in Spaine, which hath so many goodly Ruyes open, as we may land without impeachment as many men as shall be needfull lor such an inuasion. And hauing an armie of 20(K)() roially furnished there, we shall not need to take much rare for their payment : for shal not Lisbcm be thought able to make so few men rich, when the Suburbs thereof were found so abounding in riches, as had we made enemie of them, they had largely enriched vs all? Which with what small losse it may be won, is not here to shew; but why it was not won by vs. I haue herein shewed you. Or is not the spoyle of Siiiil suf- ficient to pay more then shall bee needful to bee sent against if, whose defence (as jhat of Lisbone) is onely force of men. of whom how many may for the present be raised, is not to be esteemed, because wre haue discouered what kind of men they be, euen such as will neuer abide ours in field, nor dare withstand any resolute attempt of ours agavnst them: for during the time we were in many places of their country, they cannot say that euer thev made liJO of 4 N 2 our 11 n Ml ■•( «M YOYAGBS. NAUIOATIONS. The Portugatt votagt. * mi y^{ ii^^ our men turn* their iacM ham tbem. And be thete not many other places of le«e diffkuliie to apoylc, able to aatufie our force* ? But admit, that if vpon tliii alarme that we haue giuen him, he tendering; hia naturall mxA netreat ioilc beibre his ftiriher rcmonued oflT Kouemment!*, do draw his forces of old suuU diers out of the Low counireya for his owne defence, i'* not the victory then won by drawinj; and holding them from thence, for the which we Nhoulti haue kept an armie there at a charge by many partes greater then this, and not Htirred them } Admit further our armie be iinpcachetl from landing there, yet by keeping the Sea and poAsciwing his |)rincipall madf-% are we not in po« ueriah our countrey, of whose mind I can hardly be drawen to be: For if mv enemie fighting with me doe breake his sword, no as I thereby haue the aduantage against him ; what shall I ihinke of him that puttcth a new sword into his hand to kill me withall? And may it not bee thought more fitting fur vs in these times to loose our trades of Cloth, then by sufTering these mischiefes to put in hazard wlielher we shall haue a roimtrey left to make cloth in or no^ And yet though neither Hamburgh, Embden, nor Stode doe receiue our cloth, the necessary vse thereof in all places is such, as they will lind means to take it from vs with our sufficient commoditie. And admit (which were impossible) that we damnific him neither at sea nor laod ( for vn- lesse it be with a much more mit>hiic armie then oui>), he shall neuer be itble to withstand vs) yet shall we by holding him at his home, free our selues from the warre at our owne wals : the benefit whereof let them consider that best can iudge, and haue obsenied the diH'erence of iniiailiiig, and being inuaded ; the one fining courage to the souldier, in llint it doelh set before him commoditie and reputation ; the other a fearefull terror to the countrey-man, who if by chance he play the man yet is he neuer the richer : and who knowing many holes to hide himselfe in, will trie them all before he put his life in perill by fighting : whereas the liHiadcr casielh vp his account before hie goeih out, and being abroad must fight to make him^tclfe way, as not knowing what place or strength to tnist vnlo. I will not say what I ob- serued in our countrey-men when the enemy oft'red to as>taile vs here: but I wish that all Kn- gland knew what terror we gaue to the same people that frighted vs, by viitiring them at their owne houses. Were not Alexanders fortunes great ag.iinsi the mighlie Darius, onely in that his Maccdo> nians thirsted after the wealth of Persia, and were bound to tight it out to the last man, be- cau-^e the last man knew no safer way to sane himselfe then by fighting? Whereas the Persians eitlicr trusting to continue siil masters of their wealth by yeelding to the Inuader, began to practise against their owne king: or hauing more inward hopes, did hide thcmselues ciien to the last, to Nee what course the Conquerour would lake in his Conquest. And did not the aduise of Scipio, though mightily impugned at the first, prooue very sound and honourable lo hiM countrey P Who seeing the lt(mians wonderfully ama/ed at the neeronesse of their ene- mies F tecteth the properest and most seruiceable men at euery muster from the warret, to contribute the charge that one of these idle men doe put him to for one yeere: nor for the Lawyer, who riseth by the dissensions of his neighbours, to take but one yecres gifts ( which they call Fees ) out of his cofl'ers. What would it hinder euery officer of the Exchequer, and other of her Males- ties courts, who without checke doe suddenly grow to great wealth, honestly to bring foorth the mysticall commoditie of one yceres profits ? Or the Clergie, who looke precisely for the Tenths of euery mans increase, simpfy to bring forth the Tenth of one yeercs gathering, and in ihankfulnesse to her Maiestie (who hath continued for all our safeties a most chargeable warre both at land & sea ) bestow the same for her honor &c their owne assurance, vpfound>land, mailing that there was part thereof distributed amongst our small Fleet, as wc could find Stow.ige for the same : and in the third, all their men were sent home into France. The same day Sl the day folowing we met with some other ships, whom ( when after some conference had with them, we perceiucd plainly to bee of Kotermiaaed, but 7 of their men that were willing to go along with va for aailcni, we timke to hel|>e vm, and an held on our cnume for the Azorea. The I of AugUNt being Friday in the morning, we had aight of the Hand of S. Michael, being one of the Kaatermont of the Asorea toward which we aailed all that day, ami at night hauing put fonrth a Spanixh flag in nur main-mp, that ao they might the lewe auaprct v«, we approrhfd nrere to the rhirfe towne and road of that lland, where we eapird 3 *hip« riding at anker and M>mr othrr veout lU or II of the clocke, Mending our boatN well manned to cut thrir cable* and hsuKem, and let them driue into the aea. Our men comminp to them, found i one of thoae grrateitt «hip» the Falcon of London being there vnder a Scntiinh Pilot wlio bare the name of her a« hiii own. Bui S other ttmal whip* that lay neere vnder the caDlle there, our men let looae and towed them awav vntn v*, mottt of the Spa- niard* that were in them Imping ouer-boord and swimming toahore with lowd and lamentanlt outrrica, which they of the towne bearing were in an vprore, and anxwcred with the like cryin/;. The raalle di^tcliarged Home great shot at our boatit, but ahooting withoul marke by reason of the darknciwe they did vs no hurt. The Srotx likewise discharged 3 great piecrK into the aire tn make the Spaniard* thinke they were their friend* an:l our enrmiea, and abort- ly after the Scottiah maMer, k itonie other with him, came abonni to my lord doing their dutie, and oflring their aeruicr, tec. The*e 3 »\\\[m were fraught with wine and Sallet-oilc from Siuil. The same day our Carauel rhaiied a Spanish Cnrauel to »hnre at S. Michael, which caried letters thither, by which wc learned that the Carak* were departed from Terccra 8 dayea be- fore. The 7 of Auguat we had sight of a litle ahip which wee cha*ed toward* Tercera with our pinnaiMe ( the weather being calme) and inward* euening we onertooke her. there were in her .'Mtunneaof good Madera wine, crrtaine woollen cintit, ailke, taflhia, flee. The 14 of Aii!»u*t wc came to the IlamI of Flores where we determined to take in aome fret.h water niul fre^th victual*, xurh a* the lland did alfoonl. So we manned our boat* with some 1'^) n»cn and rowed trwanl* the ahore ; whcretn vvhen we approrhe at S. Michael, which caried ted from Terccra 8 dayea bc- led lowardH Tercera with our [>iiertooke her, there were in Ike, tadhta, fcr. The 14 of to take in aome frrnh water ned our boat* with nome VH) rd the inhabitanM that were ■eupon we aUo did the like. by his Fortugall interpreter, any way to iniury the, but )f thim, Dy way or'exchan;;e which thejf prcucntly agreed e, and we in the meane nea* >m wlience all the inhabitants We demanding of them what ner was when any ahipa came rren hil« and mountains, liiic might partly appeare by thii ch was all ruinous and (as it lurnt about two yeeres before rted huge flah pursued vs for the tart fro the boats stcrne not a spearci 'the hon. Erlt of Cumh. TRAFFtQUES, AND DISCOURHn-S. <}49 a|>earcs length, anearing oft limes ahuue the water) were by esiimaliun 4 ur {i yards asunder, and his inwes gaping a yard and nii Imifc wide, which put vs in feure of ouer- turning the pinnaMie, but Uod bee thanked (rowing as hard as wc could) we eNca|)ed. When we were about Florcsa litic ship called the Drake, brought \s uorti that the Caraks were at Tercera, of which newcs we were very glad, & sped vs thitherward with all the speed wc could: and by the way we came to Fayal road the seucii and twentieth day of August, alter siniiie set, where we espied ccrtainc shippcs ryding at anker, to whom we sent in our SkitVe with Caplaine Lister and (^aplaine Monson in her to discouer the roadcrs : at\d least any daunger should happen to our boate, we sent in likewise the Sawsie lacke and the small Caraucll ; but the wind being oil' the shoare, the shiupes were not able lo fet it so nigh as the Spaniards ride, which neiierthelessc the boalc did, aiil clapped a ahippe abooni of two hundred and liflie tunnes, wliich caried in her foiirteene cast pceces, and continued fight alone with her for the space of one hoiire \ntill the comming vp of other boates to the reskur of her, which were sent from the shippcs, and then a fresh boording her againe one boate in the (luurtcr, another in the hause, wee entred her on the one side, and all the Spaniards lept nucruuord on the other, saue luan de I'alma the Captainc of her and two or three more, and thus we became posNeMors of her. This shippc was mored to the Castle which shot at vi all this while : the oncly hurt which we recciued of all this shot was this, that the master of our Carauell had the calfc nl' his leg}{c shut away. This shippe was laden with Sugar, Ginger, and hides lately come from S. luun de Puerto Kico ; after we had towed her cicare off the cisile, we rowed in againe with our boats, and fetched out (iue small ships more, one laden with hides, another with Elephants teeth, graines, coco-nuts, anf them. The other foure we sent for England the 30 of August. At the takiinj of these Prizes were consorted with vs nonic oiher small men of warre, as Maistcr Inhn Dauis, with his shippe, Pinnesse, and Boate, Cuptaine Markesburic with his shi|>, whose cwner was Sir Waller Italegh, the Barke of Lime, which was also consorted with vs before. rhe last of August in the morning we came in sight of Tercera, being about some nine or ten leagues from shoare, where we espied comming towards vs, a small boat vnder saile, which seemed somewhat strange vnto vs, being so farre from land, and no shippe in sight, to which they might belong: but comming neere, they put vs out of doubt, shewing thry were English n»cn (ei>;hi in number) that had lately beene prisoners in Tercera, and finding Anticip. cfs opporiunitie to e«eapc at that time, with that small boat committed themsclues to the sea, Enr'',>i'w'" vnder (iiuls prouidcncc, hailing no other yard for their main* saile, but two pipe staues tyed '""' ^"""• together by the endes, and no more prouision of victuals, then they could bring in their pockets and bosomes. llauing taken them all into the Victorie, they gauc vs certaine in- lelligcncc, that the ("arackes were deprted from thence about a weeke brfore. Thus Ineing without any further hope of those Caraks, we resolued to returnc forFayall, with intent to surprise the tuwne, but vntill the ninth of September, we had either the winde so contrary, it the weather so calme. that in all that time, wc made scarce nine or ten leagues way* lingring V]i :ind downc not farre from Pico. The tenth of Septeml)er, being Wednesday in the afternoone, wee came againe to Fayal roade. Whereupon immediatly my Lord sent Captainc Lister, with one of Graciosa (whom Captainc Miinson had iicforc taken) and some others, towards Fayal, whom certaine of the Inhabitants met in a boat, and came with Captainc Lister to my Lord, to whom hee gaue this choice: either to sutler him quietly to enter into the platformc there without resistance, where he and his cnmpanie would reniaine a spare without oAcring any iniurie to them, that they (the Inhibitanis) might come vnto him and compound for the ransome of theTowne; or else to stand to the hazard of warre. With these words they returned to the lownc : but the kcepen of the platforme answered, dull it was against their oath and allcgeance to king Philip to giue ouer without fight. Where- voi.. II. 4 O upon lA 690 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The htm. Erie of Oumi. The lalun( of ih< towiM ind phtformf of Fiyal. Adocription of the townr if FiitL upon my Lord commanded the boates or euery ship, to be presently manned, and soone after landed his men on the aandie shoare, vnder the side of an hill, about haire a league to the Northwards from the platforme: vpon the toppe of v/hich hill certaine horsemen and foot- men shewed themselues, and other two companies also appeared, with ensignes displayed, the one before the towne vpon the shore by the sea side, which marched towards nur land- ing place, as though they would encounter vs; the other in a valley to the Southwards of the platforme, as if they would hauc come to heipe the Townesmen : during which time, they in the platforme also played vpon vswith great Ordinance. Notwithstanding my L. (hnuinfr wt his men in order) marched along the sea shore, vpon the sands, betwixt the sea k the trwne towards the platforme for the space of a mile or more, Sc then the shore growin<; rockie, & permitting no further progresse without much difficultie, he entred into the towne & paaMd through the street without resistance, vnto the platforme; for those companies bcMre mcntionea at my Lo. approching, were soone dispersed, and suddenly vanished. likewise they of the platforme, being all fled at my Lordes comming thither, left him and his company to scale the walles, to enter and take {MMitession without resifttance. In the meanc time our shippes censed not to batter the foresaid Towne and Platforme with great shotte, till such time as we saw the Red-Crosse of England flourishing vpon the Fore- front thereof. This Fayal is the principall towne in all that is land. Si is situate directly ouer against the high and inighty mountaine Pico, lying towards the West Northwest from that mountaine, being deuided therefrom by a narrow Siea, which at that place is by estimation about some two or three leagues in bredth bctwcene the lies of Fayal ami Pico. The towne ronteyned some three hundrcti housholds, their hoimcs were faire and strongly builded of lime and stone, and double coucred with hollow lyles much like our roofe-tylcs, but that they are lesse at the one end then at the other. Eucry house almowt had a cisterne or well in a garden on the backe side : in which gar- dens grew vines (with ripe clusters of grapes) making pleasant shadowcs, and Tabacco nowe commonly knowen and vsed in England, wherewith their women there dye their faces reddish, to make them seeme fresh and young: Pepper Indian and common; figge-lrees bearing both white and red tigges: Peach trees not growing very tall: Orenges, Limon*, Quinces, Potato-roots &c. Sweete wood (Cedar I thinke) is there very common, euen for building and tiring My Lord hauing pimsessed himselfe of the towne and platforme, and l>cing carefnll of the prestTuation of the towne, ganc commandemcnl, that no mariner or soiildier should enter into any house, to make any s|K>y le thereof. Hut especially he was carefnll that the Chnrche.s and houses of religion there should l)c kept inuiolale, which was accordingly performed, through his appointment of guarders and keepers for those places : but the rest of the towne eyther for want of the former inhibition, or lor desire of spoyle & prey, was rifled, & ran- sacked b\ the souldiers & mariners, who scarcely left any house vnsearched, out of which they tookc such things as liked them, as chestes of sweete wood, chaires, cloth, couerlets, hangings, bedding, apparell: and further ranged into the countrey, where some of them also were hurt by the inhabitants. The Friery there conteyning and maintayning thirtie Fran- ciscan Friers (among whom we could not iiiide any one able to speake true Latine) was builded by a Fryer of Angra in Tercera of the same order, about the yeare of our lx>nl otie thousand fiuc hundred and sixe. The tables in the hall had seates for the one side onely, and were alwayes coucred, as readie at ail times for dinner or supper. From Wednesday in the afternoonc, at which time we entred the townr, til Saturday night, we continued there, vntill ihe Inhabitants haier in the Victorie, on the Sunday rhc hon. Erie of Oumi. Thehon. ErleofCumb. TRAFFiaUES, AND DISCOUERIES. Sunday following, so many of the Inhabitant!) as would willingly come (saue onely Diego Gomes the Gouernnur, who came but once onely to parte about the ransome) onely fuure came and were well entertained, and solemnely dismissed with sound of drumme and trum- pets, and a peale of Onlinance: to whom my Lord deliuered his letter subscribed with his owne hand, importing a request to all other Englishmen to abstaine from any further molest- ing them, saue onely for fresh water, and victuals necessary for their intended voyage. During our abode here (viz. the 11 of September) two men came out of Pico which had beene prisoners there : Also at Fayal we set at libertic a prisoner translated from S. lago who was cousin to a seruant of Don Anthonio king of Portugall in England : These prisoners we deteyned with vs. On Mimday we sent o«ir boates a shore for fresh water, which (by reason of the raine that fell the former night) came plentifully running downe the hilles, and would otherwise haue beene hard to be gotten there. On Tuesday likewise hauing ngt yet sufficiently serucd our turnes, we sent againc for fresh water, which was then not so easie to be gotten as the day before, by reason of a great windc : which in the afternoone increased also in such sort, that we thought it not .safe to ride so neere the land ; whereupon we weyed anker and so departed Northwest and by west, alongst the coast of Fayal Island. Some of the Inhabitants comming aboord to vs this day, tolde vs that alwayes abr .it that time of the yeere such wiiides West Southwest blew on that coxst. This day, as we sayled neere Saint Georjes Island, a huge tish lying still a litle vnder wa- ter, or rather euen therewith, appeared hard by a head of vs, the sea breaking vpon his backe, which was blacke coloured, in such sort as deeming at the first it had beene a rocke, and the khip stemming directly with him, we were put in a sudden feare for the time: till soone after we saw him moue out of the way. The 16 of September in the night it lightened much, whereupon there followed great winds and raine which continued the 17 18' 19 20 and 81 of the same. The 83 of Septem- ber we came againe into Faial road to weigh an anker which ( for haste and feare of foule weather) wee had left there before, where we went on shore to see the towne, the people (as we thought) hauing now setled themselues there againe, but notwithstanding many of them through too much distrustfulnesse, departed and prepared to depart with their packets at the first sight of vs : vntill such time as they were a.ssured by my Lord, that our comming was not any way to iniury them, but especially to haue fresh water, and some other thingi needefiil for vs, contenting them for the same. So then we viewed the Towne quietly, and bought such things as we desired for our money as if we had bene in England. And they helped to fill vs in fresh water, receiuing for their paiiiesKiich satisfaction as contented them. The 'J j day we were forced ag.iine to depart from thence, before we had sufficiently wa- tered, by reason of a great tempest that suddenly arose in the night, in so much, that my Lonl himsclfe s«»one after midnight raysed our men out of their Cabines to wey anker, hini- selfe aNo together with them haling at the ('apsten, and after chcariiig them vp with wine. The next day we sent our Carauel and the Sawsie-Iacke to the road of Saint Michael, to see what they could espie: we following after them vpon the 27 day, plying to and fro, came within *i^ht of S. Michael, but by contrary windes the 'iS 29 and JO dayes wee were driuen to Icewardc, and could not get neere the Island. The first of October wee sayled alongst Tercera, and euen against Brasill (a promontorie neere to Angra the strongest Towne in that Island) wee espied som'> boates comming to the Towne, and made out tuwanles them: but being neere to the landc ihey ranne to shoare and escaped vs. In the afternoone we came neere to Graciosa, whereupon my Lord foorthwitii sent Cap- tain Lister to the llanders, to let them vnderstand that his desire was onely to haue water and wine of them, and some fresh victuals, and not any further to trouble them. They answered they could giue no resolute answere to this demaund, vntill the Gouernors of the Hand had lonsultfd therevpon, and therefore desired him to send againe to them the next day. 4 O 2 Vpon 651 li 669 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS. The hon. E. of Cumb. 1 r il ■••{ '' 'f "m •.'• Vpon the second day of October early in the morning, we sent forth our long boat and Pinnesse, with emptie Caske, and about some firtie or sixty men together with the Margaret, and Captaine Dauis his shippc : for we now wanted all the rest of our consnrtes. But when our men would haue landed, the llandcrs shot at them, and would not suffer them. And troupes of men appeared vpon land, with ensignes displayed to resist vs : So our boates rowed alongst the shoare, to finde some place where they might land, not with too much disaduantage: our shippes and they still shooting at the Ilanders: but no place could be founde where they might land without great perill of loosing many of their liuei), and so were consirayned tn retire without receiuing any answere, as was promised the day before. We had three men hurt in this conflict, whilest our boates were together in consulting what was best to be done- two of them were stroken with a great shot (which the llanders drew from place to plarc with Oxen) wherewith the one lost his hand, and the other his life within two or three daycs after: the third was shot into his necke with a small shot, without any great hurt. With these newes our company returned barke againe at night, whereupon preparation was made to goe to them againe the next day: but the day was farre s|>ent before we could come ncere them with our ship: neither could we iinde any good ground to anker in, where we might lye to batter the Towne, and further we could fmdc no landing place, without great danger to loose many men : which might tnrne not only to the onerthrow of our vniage, but also put the Queenes ship in great perill for want of men to bring her home. Therefore my Lord thought it best to write to them to this effect : That he could not a litle maruell at their inhumanitie and crucltie which they had sliewed towards his men. seeing they were sent by him vnto them in peaceable manner to receine their answere which they had promised to giue the day before : and that were it not for Don Antonio their lawful king his sake, he could not put vp so great iniury at iheir hands, without iust rcuengement vpon them : notwithstanding for Don Antonio his sake, whose friend he was, he was yet content tosend to them once againe for their answere : At night Captaine Lister returned with this answere from them. That their Gunner .shot off one of their pieces, which was charged with pad rather giue vs two lunncs of wine then one of water: but they requested that our souldicrs might not come on shoare, for they themselues would bring all they had promised to the water-side, which request was graunted, we keeping (me of them .iboord with vs vn- till their promise was performed, and the other we sent to shoare with our einplie Caske, and some of our men to helpe to (ill, and bring them away with such other |)roiiisii)n as w.ts jiro- mised: so the Margaret, Captaine Dauis his shippe, and another of Weymouth slaved rydin;; at anker before the Towne, to take in our prouision. This shippc of Weymouth came t>ivs the day before, and had taken a rich Prize (as it was reported) worth sixteene thous;ind pound, which brought vs newes that the Wcst-Indian Fleetc was not yet come, but would come very shortly. But we with the Victorie put oil' tday the one and twentieth of October, we sent our long boate to shore for fresh water at a hrooke a little to the Westwards from Villa Franca. But the Inh.ihiiants cspyin of October wc departed for S. Georges Hand for fresh water, whi- ther wc came on Munday following October 'i7, and hauing cspicil where a spout of wnter came running downc : the pinnesse and long boate wen- prrseiitly manned and sent vndcr the conduct of Captaine Preston, and Captaine .Munson, !■ in horn my Lord sent a lettcrio the llandcri as before, to grant vs Icaue to water onely, i, .i we would no further Ironblr them: notwithstanding our men comming on shoare found .some of the poorc llanders, which for fearc of vs hid theinscUies amongst the rockcs. And on Wednesday following our boats returned with fresh water, whereof they brouphi only sixe tunnes for the Viciorie, aliiagiiig they could get no more, thinking (as it was sup- posed) that my I/ord hauing no more proiiision of water and wine, but onelv 12 tuiiiie>', would not goc for the coast of Spaine, but straight for the const of Lni;land, as many of our men greatly desired: notwithstanding my Lord w.-is Miwilling so to doe, and was minded the next day to haue taken in more water: but through rou^hncsse of the seas and winde. ami vnwillingnessc of his men it was not done. Yet liis i Ion. purposed not to returne with so much pruuision vns|)eiit, and his voyage (as he thought ) not yet performed in such sort a- mought giue some reasonable contentment or satisfaction to himselfe and others. Therefore because no more water could iiowcunueiiienlly be gotten, and being vncertaiiie when it could be gotten, and tite time of our slaying uboord also vncertaine, the matter being refcrrcfi to the choyse of the whole companie, whither ihev would tnrrie longer, till wee might he ii rhe hoH. Erie of Cuiiib. The hon. Erh of Cumb. TRAFFIQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. be more suflRciently prouided of fresh water, or goe by the coast of Spaine for Enghnd, with haife so much allowance of drinke m before, they willingly agreed that euery mease should bee allowed at one meale but halfe so much drinke as they were accustomed (except them that were sicke or wounded) and so to goe for England, taking the coast of Spaine in our way, to see if we could that way make vp our voyage. Vpon Saturday Octob. 31 we sent the Margaret (because she leaked much) directly for England, together with the Prize of Brasilc which we tooke at S. Marie, and in them some of our hurt and wounded men or otherwise sicke were sent home as they desired, for En- gland : but Captaine Monson was taken out of the Megge into the Victorie. So we held on our course for the coast of Spaine with a faire winde and a large which before we seldome had. And vpon Twesday following being the 4 of Nouemb. we espied a saile right before vs, which we chased till ai>out three a clockein the aftemoone, at which time we ouertaking her, she stroke sayle, and being demaunded who was her owner and from whence she was, they answered, a Portugall, and from Pernanbucke in Brasile. She was a ship of some 110 tuns burden, fr:ii<;hted with 41U cheste:« of Sugar, and 50 Kintals of BrasilNwood, euery Kintail contayning one hundred pound weight: we tooke her in latitude nine and twen- tie degrees, about two hundred leagues from Lisbone westwards: Captaine Preston was pre- sently sent vnto her, who brouuht the principall of her men abooni the Victorie, and certaine of our men, mariners and snuldiers were sent aboord her. The Portugals of this Prize told vs that they saw another ship before them that day about noone. Hauing therefore dispatched all things about the Prize aforesaid and left our long boat with C.iptaine Dauis, taking his lesser boat with vs, we made way after this other »hip with all the savles we could beare, holding on our course due East, and giuing order to Captaine Dauis his ship and the Prize that they should follow vs due East, and that if they had sight of vs the morning following they should follow vs still: if not they should goe for England. The next morning tut espied not the sayle which we chased, and Captaine Dauis his ship ar J the Prize were behinde vs out uf sight: but the next Thursday the sixt of Nouember (being in latitude 38 degfecs 30 minutes, and about sixtie leagues from Lisbone westwards) early in the morning Captaine Preston descried a sayle some two or three leagues a head of vs, after which we presently hastened our chase, and uueriooke her about eight or nine of the clocke before noone. She came lately from Saint Michaels roade, hauing beene before at Brasill toden with Sugar and Rrasile. Hauing sent our boat to them to bring some of the chiefe of their men aboord the Victorie, in the meane time whilest they were in comming to vs one out of the mainc toppe espied another saile a head some three or foure leagues from vs. So immediately vpon the returnc of our buate, hauing sent her backe againewith some of our men aboord the prize, we pursued speedily this new chase, with all the sayles we could packe on, and about two a dorke in the aFternoone ouertooke her: she had made prouision l« fight with vs, hauing hanged ihc sides of the shippc so thicke with hides (wherewith es- pecially she was lodrn) that musket shot rould not haue pearced them: but yer we had dis- charged tv*o great pceces of our Ordinance at her, she stroke sayie, and approching neerer, we asking of whence they were, they answered from the West-Indies, from Mexico, and Saint lohndc Lowe (truely called Vlhua ) This ship was of some three or foure hundred tunnes, and had in her seuen hundred hides worth tenne shillings a peece: sixe chests of Cochi- nell, euery chest houlding one hundred pound weight, and euery pound worth sixe and twen- tie shillings and eight pence, and certaine chests of Sugar and China dishes, with some plate and siluer. The Captaine of her was an Italian, and by his behauiour seemed to be a graue, wise, and ciuill man: he had put an aduenture in this shippe fiue and twentic thousand Duckats. Wee tooke him with certaine other of her chicfest men (which were Spaniards) into the Victorie: and Captaine Lister with so manic other of the chiefest of our Mariners, souldiere, and saylers as were thought sulfuieitt, to the number of iW. or thereabouts, were sent into her. In the meane time (we staying) our other prizes which followed after, came vp to vs And nowe wee had onr hands full and with ioy shaped our course for England, for s(< it was thought meeteat, 65S f >\1 i 41 «M VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, The hon. Erie of Cumb. : t f ' /f • 1 il 1 mcctest, hailing now so many Portugals Spaniards and Frenchmen amongot V8, that if y>e should liaue taken any more prizes afierwardit, wee had not bene well able to haue manned them without endangering; our selues. So about aix of the clocke in the afiernonnc (when our other prize had ouerlaken vs) wee set saile for England. But our prizes not being able to beare vs company without sparing them many of our iKailes, which caused our ship to rouie and wallow, in such sort that it wan not onely very troublesome to vs, but, as it was thought, would also hane put the maine Maste in danger of falling ouerboord : hauing ac- quainted them with these inconueniences, we gauc thrm direction to kecpe their courses to- gether, folowing vs, and so to come to Portsmouth. We tooke this last prize in the latitude of 39. degrees, and about 46. leagues to the Westwards from the Itocke. She was one of those 16. ships which we saw going into the hauen at Angra in Terpen. October 8. Some df the men that we tooke out of her, tolde vs, that whitest wee were plv- ing vp and downe before that hauen, as before was shewed, expecting the comming foorth ol those shippes, three of the greatest and best of them, at the appointment of the Goucrnour of Tergcra were vnloden of their treasure and marchundize. And in euery of them were pm three hundred Souldiers, which were appointed to haue come to lay the Victory aboord in the night, and take her : but when this should haue bene done the Victory was gone out nl their sight. Now we went mcerily before the winde with all the sailes we could beare, insomuch iliat in the space of 'ii. houres, wc sailed necre 47. leagues, that is seuenscore English miles, be- twixt Friday at noone and Saturday at noone ( notwithstanding the shippe was very funic, and much grownc with long being at Sen) which caused some of our company to make .-cctinipi they would sec what running at Tilt there should bee nt Whitehall vpon the Queenes day. Others were imagining wh.nt n Christmas they would kecpe in England with their shares nl the prizes wc h.-id taken. Hut so it befell, that wc kept a colde Christmas with the Bishop and his riearks (rockes that lye to the Westwards from Sylly, and the Wcstcrnc parts of En- gland :) For soone after the wind scanting came about to ilic E:iMtwards (the worst part uth sort, that vjc could not fetch any part of England. And hereupon also our allowance ofdrinkc, which was scant ynoiigh before, was vet more scanted, bc(ause of the .scarciiic thereof in ihe shippe. So that now a man was allowed but halfc a pinte at a mcale, and that many limes colde w.itcr, and scarce sw'ceie. Notwilhslaiidiiig this was an happie estate in coinjKuison of that which followed: For from halfe a pinte we canie lo a quarter, and thai lasted not lung neither, so that by rc.i. son of this great scarsilie of drinke, and contrarietie of windc, wc thought to put into Ire- land, there to relieue our wants. But when wee came iiccre thither, lying at liull all ni^lii ( tarrying for the dayliglu ol the ne.st morning, whereby we inii;hl the salelycr bring our nlijji into some coiiuciiient harbour there) we wcrcdriucn m) farrc to ice-ward, that wc could fetch no part o'" Ireland, so as with heauic hearts and sad chearc, wee were consircincd to returiie backe ugaiiie, and expect till it should please (iod lo send \s a f,iire winde cither for England or Ireland. In the uieane time wc were allowed euery inaii three or foure spoones full of \incj;ei to drinke at a meale: for other aucd, that so neere .-.s wee coulde, not one was lost in all our shippe. .Some hanged \p .shceles lied with cordes bv tlie foiire corners, and a weight in the midst that the water iniitht rutine downe thithtr, and so lie rceeiucd into some vessel set or hang«"d \ndcrnelh : Some that wanted shceles, hanged \[t napkins, and cloutes, and watched them till ihcy were thorow wet, then wringing and suek- iiig out the water. And thai water which fell downe and wa.shed away the lillh and sovling of the shippe, trod vnder foole, as bad .?s running downe the kenncll many times when ii rainctli, ^J riie hon, Erie of Cumli. ne hon. Erie of Cumb. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. raincth, was not lost I warrant you, but watched and attended carefully ( yea sometimes witli strife and contention ) at euery scupper hole, and other place where it ranne downe, with dishes, pots, Cannes, and larres, whereof some driinke hearty draughts euen as it was, mud and all, without tarrying to dense or settle it : Others cleansed it first but not often, for it was so thiclce and went mo slowly thorow, that they might ill endure to tary so long, and were loth to loose too much of such precious stuife: some licked with their tongues (like dogges) the boards vnder feete, the sides, railes, and Masts of the shippe : others that were more ingenious, fastened girdles or ropes about the Mastes, dawbing tallow betwixt them and the Maatc (that the raine might not runne downe betweene) in such sort, that those ropes or girdlrs lianging lower on the one side then on the other, a spout of leather was fastened to the lowest part of them, that all the raine drops that came running downe the Maste, might meete together at that place, and there be receiucd. Hee that got a canne of water by these meanea was spoken of, sued to, and enuied as a rich man. Quitm puichnim digito monstrari & dicier hie est? Some of the poore Spaniards that we had taken (who notwithstanding had the same allowance that our owne men had) would come and craue of vs, for the loue of God, but so much water as they could holde in the hollow of their hand: and they had it, notwithstanding our great extremitie, toteachc them some humanitie instead r)f their accustomed b-irbaritie, both to vs and othec nations hereto- fore. They put also bullets of lead into their mouthes to slake their thirst. Now in euery corner of the shippe were heard the lamentable cries of sicke and wounded men sounding wofuily in our eares, crying out and pitifully complaining for want of drinke, being ready to die, yea many dying for lacke thereof, so as by reason of this great extre- mitie we Tost many more men, then wee had done all the voyage before : hauing before this time bene so well and sufficiently prouided fur, that we liued in maner as well and healthfully, and died as few as if wee had bene in England, whereas now lightly euery day some were cast ouerboord. But the second day of December 1589. was a festiuall day with vs, for then it rained a good pace, and wee saued some pretie store of raine water (though we were well wet for it, and that at midnight) and filled our skins full besides : notwithstanding it wete muddie and hitter with washing the shippe, hut (with some sugar which we had to sweeten it withall) it went merrily downe, yet remembred we and wished for with all our hearts, many a Conduit, pumpe, spring, & streame of cleare s*veetc running water in Bnghtnd : And how mis^erable wee had accompted some poorc soules whom we had scene driuen for thirst to drinke thereof, and how hnppy we would now haue thought our selucs if wc might haue had our fills of the same: yet should wee haue fared the better with this our poore feasting, if we might haue had our mcate and drinke (such and so much as it was) stand quietly before vs: but beside :ill the former extremities, wee were so tossed and turmoiled with such horrible stormie and tempestuous weather, that euery man had best holde fast his Canne, cup, and dish in his hands, yea and himselfe too, many times, by the ropes, railes, or sides of the ship or else hi- should soone ftnde a" vnder feete. Herewith our maine .saile was tome from the yarde and blowne ouerboord quite away into the sea without recouery, and our other sailes so rent and tome ( from side to side some of them ) th.it hardly any of them escaped hole. The taging wanes and foming surges of the sea came rowling like mountaines one after another, and ouerraked the waste of the shippe like u mighiie riucr running ouer it, whereas in faire weather it was neere SO. foote aboue the water, that nowe wee might cry out with the princely Prophet Psalme 107. vers. 26. Ihcy mount vp to heaucn, and descend to the deepe, so that their soule melteth away for tn.uiilc: they reele too and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and all their cunning is jTone. With this extremitie of foule weather the ship was so tossed and shaken, that by the craking noise it made, and by the leaking which was now much more than ordinary, wee were in great feare it would haue shaken in sunder, so that now also we had iust cause to pray a litle otherwise than the Poet, though marring the verse, yet mending the meaning. vou II. 4 P Deue «5? 1 %.% i •M 698 VOYAGES. NAUIGATIONS, The Hon. Erie of Cumb . •in r-'n ' \i ■ 'i 7 JW' ■'. Deu» mariR & Coeli, quid enim nisi voia Kupenunt, Soluere quiMatc parcito membra ralis. NotwiihstandinK it pleased God of hu great goodnetMC to deliuer vs out of thi« danger Then forthwith a new maine saile waN made and fastened to the yard, and the rest repaired M time and place would suffer : which wc had no sooner done, but yet againe wee were trimbled with as great exiremitie a* Ijefore, «o that againe we were like to haue loht our new maine saile, had not Master William Antony the Master of the ship himitrlfc (when none else would or durst) ventured with danger of drowning by creeping along vpon the maine yardc (which was let downe cliwo to the railes) to gather it vp out of the sea, and lu fasten it ilierelo, being in the mcanc while oft-times ducketl oucr head ami earcs into the sea. These stormcs were so terrible, that there were some in our company, which confessed they had gone i" seas for the space of '^0. yecrcs, and had neuor scene the like, and vnwcd that if euer they returned safe home, they would nciiercome to Soa againe. The last of Nouember at night we met with an Knglisli ship, out of which ( bcc.iuse it wat loo late that night) il Wm agreed that we should haue had tlic next morning Iw • or tlirce Tunites of wine, which, as (hey said, was al the prouision of drink they had, sauc onely i Bui or two, which they must needs reserite fi on our course to Ventrie hauen, where wee safely arriued ihe same day, th.it place being a very safe and conuenient harbor 'br vs, that now wee might sing a« we had iust cause. They that goe downe to the sea, &c. So soone as we had ankered here my Lord went foorthwith to shoare, and brought pre- sently fresh v.ater and fresh virtiiaLs, as .Muttons, pigyes, hcnnes, &c. to refresh his com- pany with.'tll. Notwithstanding himsfilV had lately bene very ^eake, and lasted of the same exiremitie that his Company did : For in the time of niir lornier want, hauing a little fresh w.iter left him remaining in a put, in the night it \Nas broken, and the water drunke and dried vp. .Soone after the sjcke and woinidetl men were cariird to the next principall Tuwne, called Dingi-nacush, lM-in<; about three miles distant Irom the forcsaidc hauen, where our shippe roadc, to the K<-istwards, that there they might ho llie lielter refresheil, and had the Chirurgiansdayly to attend vpon them. Here wc wel n-freshcd our selues whiles! the Irish harpe sounded swcctcly in our eares, and here we, who for the former extreniiiies were in luaner halfedead, had our liues (as il were) restored vnlo \s ajjaine. This Dingenacush is the chiefe Towne in al that part of Ireland, it cusistetli but of one maine streele, from whence some smaller doe procceiie on either side. It hath had gales (;i.s il srenu'lh) in limi*s past al cither ende lo open and sliul ax a Towne of warre, and a Casilc also. The houses are very strongly built wit!) ihii kc stone walles, and narrow win- a fownc of warre, and a le walles, and narrow win- le, by reason of the wilde les. The castle and all the by the T-rle of Denmond. lood him and all his power rt the midst of the strectc they thus defended them- I as great extremities as tin- Icwes, The Itun. Erk of Cumb. THAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUEUIES. 65» lewes, beiieKed by TituH the Koniane Empcrnur, inNomurh that they were conatrained to eat dead mens carcases lor hiuiger. The Towne is nowe againe somewhat repaired, but in effect there remaiiic but the ruines of the former Towne. Commonly they haue no chimneis in Ihcir houses, excepting thcin of tite better sort, so that the smoake was very troublexom to vs, while we ci>ntinucd there. Their fewell is turles, which they haue very good, and whinncs or furrcs. There groweth little wo. m VOYAGES, NAUIOATIONS, Fight with Spanith galHtt. Mn wliidkk birt afterwanhi it KSnted to, that (aa I nid before) we wen faine to keepe a cold ChriatBiu with The Biahop and hia clearkea. , After ihia we met with an English ahip. that brought va ioyrul new* of 91. Spanish prizes that were coanc to England: and sorrowruU iieweii wi thai!, that the last and be«t prize we tocAe, had auft'ered shipwracke at a place vp<>n the coast of Cornwal which the Cornish men CipuiM Liitn cal Als EflTenie, that is, Hel'difTe, and that Captaine Listf r and all the men in the tihip were (hawaiii. drowned, laue 5. or 6. the one halfe English, the other Spanish that saiied thcmselues with swimming: but notwithstanding much of the goods were saiied, and rcserucil tnr va, by sir Praiwia Oodolphin, and the wonthipful gentlemen of the Conntrey there. My Lord wa.4 very torry for Captaine Listers death, wishing that he had lost his voyage to hauc saucd his life. The 89. of December we met with another shippe, that tnlde vs the same newes, and that sir Martin Frebi.iion. The fifth was the Centurion of Master Conlal : The sixi the Violet : the seuenih the Samuel ; the eight the Crescent : the ninth the Elizabeth : and the 10. was the Richard be- longing to M. Dulfield. All these shi|)N being of notable and approued seruice comming neere to the mouth of the Straights hard by the coast ofBarbary, descried twelue tall Gallies brauelv furnished and strongly prouided with men and munition, ready tn scaze vpon these English hhips : which being perceiued by the Captaine^ and M.i!>ters thereof, wee made speedv pre- paration for the defence of our selues, still wailing all the night long for the approching ol the enemie. In the morning early being the Tucwlay in Kaster weeke, and the 2't of April 1590 according to our vsiiul customes, we said Seruice and made our prayers vnto Almiuhiie God, beseeching him to saue vs from the hands of hucIi tyrants as the Spaniards, whom we iuslly imagined to be, and whom we knew and had found to be our most mortall enemies vpon the Sea. And hauing finished our prayers, and set otirselues in a readinesse, we per- ceiued them to come towards vs, and that they were indeede the Spanish Gallics that lay vndcr the conduct of Andre Doria, who in Vice-roy for the King of Spaine in the Straights of Gi- braltar, and a notable knowne enemie to all Englishmen. So when they came somewhat neerer vnto vs, they waued V!« a rtiaine for the King of Spaine, and wee waned tbem a maine for )\r.y^ tighfuiith SpaniihgalUes. TRAFPIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. (Ml For the Queene of England, at which time it pleaticd AlmiKhiie Ood |{[reatly to encourage v« all in Nuch Nort, an that the Dceivr they came the leme we Teared their great muliitudea and huge number of men, which were planted in thoM (lallic* to the number of two or three hun- dred men in cch (iailie. And it was thus concluded among vs. that the foure firat and tallext «hip!i nhniild be placed hindmotit, and the weaker & umalleDt ships formost, and so it was perrormed, ciiery man bring ready to take part o{ such succcMe as it ahould please God to send. At the first rncountcr the Galliex came vpon vs very fiercely, yet God so strengthened vs, that if they ha.ed, we were constrained for want of wind to stay and waft vp and downe, and then went bneke agnine to Titinn in Barbary, which is sixe leagues ofl' from Gibraltar, awl when we came thither we found the people wonderous fauourable to vs, who being but Moorcs and heathen people shewed vs where to haue fresh water and al other ne- cessaries for vs. And there we had such good intertainment, as if we had bene in any place of F.ngl.md. The gouernour was one that fauoured vs greatly, whom wee in respect of his great friend- ship presented with giftes and such cnmmoilities as we had in our custodie, which he won- derfully wel aceepied of; and here we stayed foure daves. After the batlell was ceased, which was on F.aster Tuesday, we stayed for want of winde before Gibnltar, vntill the next morning, where wee were becalmed, and therefore looked euery houre when they wculd hiue sent foorth some fresh supply a doe it, for all their Gallies were so sore battered, that they durst not come foorth of the harbour, by reason of our hot resistance which they so lately before had re- ceiued. Yet were they greatly vrged thereunto by the Gouernour of the said Towne of Gibraltar. At our being at Tilion in Barbary, there we heard report of the hurt that wee had done to the GaHic><, for al our dimming from them wee could not well discerne any thing at all by reason im VOYAC.r-S, NAIIIOATIONS, Flffht with Spa. Rn/z/iv |( ' rf iiNon ol' the ^nloakc which iho powder had made : there vie he»rd that wc had almnxt •poileil thi)>te fweliie (Jallieii l)y nhuolinn them rieanc ihmiinh, that two of them were ready to NJnke, and that wee had ulaine of their men muh ^reat alnindante, m that they were not able In riiriii''.»0. I'lic \aliant HKhl performed in tlie Straight of (iibrallar, by liie Centurion uf Lon> don, a^ainxt fine Spanisli (ialliex, in the niuneth uf April l.ii)l. IN tlic monclh of Nonembcr I5!K), there were niindry nhippr» nppertainin;; to *eucnll Marchani'* of London, which were ringed and ftaii^ht foorth with mtirchaiidi/e, for MindrN placet within the Straight of (iibraltar: who, tojtelher hauing winde and \«eaiher, which oli- lime fell out \ery vncertaine, ,?rriued safely in Hliort Npace, at such placiM a* they dc^irn! AmoUff whom waw the Centurion of London, a very tall fthippc of burden, yet but weakrU manned, at appearelh by thi>4 dii«courte following;. Thin aforri«aional)lc pcrswaiion, nolwilhst;iiulinK lliat this shippe was ot such sulliciencic as they niiRht hazard her in the danger of liie Sea, yet thev stayed for thoic litle shippe-i, according to ilieir request, \vlia\iini; :i!oiim il,p coast of Spaine, were vpon Faster day in the Strainiitol (iibr.iltar suddenK l)ci:ilmc'l. ulierc immediatly tlirv s:iw sundry (iailies make towanU them, in very valiant and coiir.ivii iis snri : tlx- « hiefe I^'adcr- and souldiers in those Gallics brauely apparelled in silke co;iie'', uilli their siluer \\hi>ths about their neckes, and great plumes of fcihcrs in their haiic^, who with their Caliiieni shor at the Centurion so fast as ihey might : so tiiat bv lU of ihc < lo( ke and hoinewhal before, they had boortled the Centurion, who before their (omining had prepared for them, and iii^ tended to i;iue them so sonre a welcome as they might. Anil tliereui)on hauing prepared their cliise lights, and all things in a readine-se, the\ called vpon (ind, i n whom onelv thcv trusted : and hauing m.ule their piaxers, :mil iheercd \|i one aiinll,cr to (ighi «o long as lilc endured, thev beganne to ilischarge their great Ordinaiue vptui the (iailies, but the liitir shippes durst not come forward, but lay aloofe, while line (iallie» had boordcd them, \ea and with their grapling irons made tlieir Gallies fast lo the said shippe i ailed the Cinturion. The (iailie!) were grapled to the Ceniurion in this nia;)er, two lay on onr side and two on another, anil the Admirall lay full in tlie storne, which galled and batn-red the Centurion so Kore. that her maine Maste was greatly weakened, her sailes lilled with manv holes, and the Mizzen and stcriie made almost vnwruiceable. During which time there was a sore and deadly fight on both sides, in which the Trumpet NJnWr, t (hey were mil able u< hi three neuerall limpx, line halily away, and xi igl.ind, which wiw in ihi- ' (U'liliirioii of Loll" liril I.»D1. iipperlaiitinj; to «eii«Tall iniin haiidize, lor Mindrs e and weather, which oli- h pfaifi an they dr-im! burden, ycl hut wcakcl\ leiU, where after thiy iiail lid better, and then tuokc there wore »«iulry other i(»e name in K'lbcrt Brad- ihey were in a readines>c •re better for them to slay thi'in-eliioM without roni- ■ir eneinien in the Spanish t this shippe wat of '•uch lel thev Htayed for thoii- Sea friiin MarNi-iln, niul apprn to meete with anv aloii;; llir coast of Spaiiie, cd, wliorc imincdially tlics M* snii : the chiefe Ix-adrr^ with tlieir sillier ^^hi•tll•^ III! wiili thnr Cahuen* shd! rkc anil Kiiineu'hal before, |)rcparcd fur them, and in lereiipon hauinj; prepared (idd, I n whcm oneU thr\ itlicr III lijiht -ii loMj; ax lilc the (iallien, hut ihi liltlr ii> had hoordi'd them, \ca lippc lalird llic ("(nturioii av on one side and two on batiered the Centurion so I with many holes, and the iide*. in which the Trum|ut J eiu oiiragcil them to )ij>ht Is no warlike .Nlusicke in the unde<* and eight, wh^ together lough' mnsi valiantly, and «o galled the cnemie, that many a braur a/id Itwiie Spnniard Itmf his lilo in that place. The Centurion was lired liue«euefaM tinirs, with wilde (ifP and other prouiiiinn, which th« Spaniard!* threw in for that purjMNC: vii, (iinl be thanked, by the great and diligent fore- Night of the Master it did no harme at all. In eiiery of the (iailies there were about '2tX), *^ouhlier<< : who together with the tthot, spoil- ed, rent, anil battered the Centurion very nore, shot thfiiiigh her maine Ma«ie, and slew 4. of the men in the said shippe, theiine of them being the Masiefn male. Ten other persons were hurl, by meanes of spliiitern which the Spaniards Hhntte : yea, in the eiide when their proiiision was alimmt spent, they were constrained to shoote at them ham- inen«, and the chaines from their slaiies, and yet (iimI bee thanked, they receiued no more domage: but by npnyling and ouer-wearying of the Spaniardu, the Kngiinhinen constrained Ihein lo vngrapple theinseliies, and get them going: and iture if there had bene any other fresh fihipne or succour to haue relieued and aiwisied the Centurion, they had Hiaine, «uncke, ur taken ail those Galliex and their SouldierH. The Dolphin lay n lonfn olT and durst not come neere, while the other two imall shipper fledde away, no that one of the (tallies went from the Centurion and set vpon the Dolphin, which shippe immediatly was set on lire with their owne powder, whereby both men and Nhippe permhed : but whether it wa.s with their got thi< Keahne; and >pred the same in a mo-t false sort oner all partH of France, Italy, and elnewhere. When sh rtly after it was happily inaiiife>teil ill MH (m VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, 4/r BIc. CreeuuUl . I ) .ii'i '•i» \ .: I ''■■' ■ 1 ' 1 ■ ■ f Til '■ 1 4 ' I in very deed to al Nations, how their Nauy which tlicy termed inuincible, consisting of I40. saile of shippes, not onely of their owne kingdome, but Ktrengihened with the greatesit Ar- gosies, Portugal Caracks, Florentines, and huge hulk* of other Countrcis, were by 3(). nl her Maiesties owne ships of war, and a few of oiir owne Marchants, by the wise, valiant, and aduantagious conduct of the L. Charles Howard high Admirall of England, beaten and sliufHed together; cuen from the Lizard in Cornwall first to Portland, where they shamefully left Don Pedro de Valdes, with hi'* mighty ship ; from Portland to Cales, where they losj Hugo de Moncado, with the Gallies of which he was Capfaine, and from Calcs, driuen with squibs from their anchors, were chased out of the sight of England, round about Scotiaml and Ireland. Where for the sympathic of their barbarous religion, hoping to finde succour and assistance, a great part of them were crusht against the rocks, and those other that landed, being very many in number, were notwithstanding broken, slainc, and taken, and so sent from village to village coupled in halters, to be shipped into England. Where her Maicstie of her Princely and inuincible disposition, disdaining to put them to death, and scoriiinj; either to retaine or cntcrlaine them : they were all sent backe againe to their countreys, to witnes and recount the worthy achieuements of their inuincible and dreadfull Nauy : 01 which the number of Souldiers, the fcarefull burthen of their shippes, the commanders names of euery squadron, with aH other their magasincs of prouisions, were put in print, as ,in Army and Nauy vnresislable, and di.sdaining preuention. With all which so great and terri- ble an astentation, they did not in all their sailing round about England, so much as sinkc ur take one shippe, Barke, Pinnessc, or Cockbote of ours: or euer burnt so much as one sheepecote of this land. When as on the contrarie, Sir Francis Drake, with onely 80(). soul- diers not long before-, landed in their Indie.s, and forced Sant-Iago, Santo Domingo, Carta- gena, and the forts of Florida. And after that, Sir lohn Norris marched from I'eniche in Portugall, with a handfull ol souldiers, to the gates of I.isbone, being abouc 40 English miles. Where the Earic of Essex iiimselfe and other vali;int Gentlemen braued the Citie of I.isbone, encamped at the very gates ; from whence, after many dayes abode, finding neither prouiised partie, nor prouisioii to batter; thev made rctrait by land, in despight of ail their (Jarrisons, both of horse & foote. In this sort I haue a little distressed from my first piirpoMC, onely by the neccssaric comparison of theirs and our actions: the one cotietous of honour without vaunt of osteni.i- tion ; the other so greedy to purchase the opinion ,i\e viclualers of London, the Barke Ralegh, it two or three other Piiin.ises riding at anker ncere vnto Fluros, one of the Westerly Hands of th^ Azores, the last of .\ugust in the aflernoone, had intelligence by one Captaine Middleton of the approch of the Spanish .\rmada. Which Middleton being in ,i very good sailer had kept them conipanv three dayes hcfore, of good purpose, both to dis- couer their forces the more, as also to giue aduise to my 1.. Tliomas of their approch. Ilec had no sooner deliuercd the newcs but the (leete was in sight : many of our shippes compa- nies were on shore in the llaiide ; some pnuiiding bala-l for their ships; others filling o( water and refreshing themseliies from the laiul with such ti>ings as thev could either for mo- ney, or by force recouer. By reason whereof our ships being all pestered and romaginj; euery thing out of order, verv licht lor want of balast, and that which was most to ourdis- aduantage, the one halfe part of the men of cuery sliippe sicke, and vtlcrly vnseruiceable : for in the Heurnge there were ninety di.sc.ised : in the Uonauenture, noi so many in health as could ^J Sir Bic. Grtetiuill cible, consisting of 140. ed with the greatest Ar- untrcis, were by 3(). pight of them, and enforce those of Siuil to giiie him way. Which hee performed vpon diners of the forniost, who, as the Mariners tcrme it, sprang their lud'e, and fell vnder the lee of the Heuengc. But the other course had beene the better, and might right well haue bene answered in so great an impossibility of preualing. Notwithstanding out of the great- nesse of his iiiinde, he could not be perswaded. In the incanc while as hee attended those which were nearest him, the great San Philip being in the winde of him, and coinming to- wanls him, becalmed his sailes in such sort, as the shippe could neither make way, nor feele the helmo : so huj^e and high carged was the Spanish ship, being of a thousand and fine hiindrelh tuns. Who after layd the Keuenge aboord. When he was thus bereft of his sailes, the ships that were vnder his lee lufTing vp, also l.iyd him aboord : of which the ne.\t was the .\dmiral of the Biscaines, a very mighty and pui.ssant shij)pe commanded by BrittandonH. Tlie sayd Philip carried three tire of ordinance on a side, and eleucn pieces in euery tire. She shot eight forth right out of her chase, besides those of her sterne ports. After tlie Reueiige was entangled with this Philip, foure other boorded her; two on her larboord, and two on her sturboord. The fight thus beginning at three of the clock in the afterniioni.', coiiiini.ied very terrible all that eiiening. But the great San Philip hauing re- iciucd the lower tire of the Reuenge, discharged with crosse barshot, shifted her selfe with all diligence from her sides, vtterly mislikiiig her first entertainement. Some say that the ■.hippc Iciundred, but we cannot report it for truth, vnlesse we were assured. The Spanish -,hips were filled with companies of souldiers, in some two hundred besides the m;iriners; in -.ome liiK", in others eig'it huiulreth. In ours there were none at all beside the mariners, but (lie seruants of ilu- commanders and some few voluntary gentlemen onely. After many en- tcrchanged \olics of great ordinance and small shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter the Reuenge, and made diners attempts, hoping to force her by the multitudes of their armed ,>uuldier-i and Musketters, but were still rcjtiilsed againe aiul againe, and at all times beaten backc into their owne ships, or into the se;is. In the beginning of the fight, the George Noble of I.oiido having receiiied some shot thorow her by the Armadas, fell vnder the lee of the Keuenge, and asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being but one of the victiialhr--, and I'f small force: Sir Richard bid him sane himselfe, and leaue him to his for- tune. .M'ter ilio liL;ht had thus, without iiilcrinission, continued while the day lasted and some hoiires of liic night, many of our men were slaino and hur'e, and one of the great (lallions of tiie .\rmada, and the Admirall of the llulkes both sunke, and in many other of the Spanish shippes great slaughter was made. Some write that Sir Richard was very dan- gerously hurl almost in the beginning of the fight, and lay speechlesse for a time ere hee recouered. But two of the Reuengcs owne company, brought home in a ship of Lime from 665 vot. i Q the 666 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Ric. Greenuil. the IlandeH, examined by some of the Lordes, and others, affirmed tliat hee was neuer so wounded as that hee forsooke the vpper decke, till an hourc before midnight ; and then being shot into the bodie with a Musket as hee was a dressing, was againe shot into the head, and withal! his Chirurgion wounded to death. This agreeth also with an exammation taken by sir Francis Godolphin, of fourc other mariners of the same shippe being returned, which examination, the said sir Francis sent vnto master William Killegrue, of her Maiesties priuy Chamber. But to returne to the fight, the Spanish ships which attempted to bord the Reucnge, as they were wounded and beaten oft', so alwayes others came in their places, she hauing neiicr lesse then two mighty Gallions by her sides, and aboard her : So that ere the morning, from three of the clocke the day before, there had fifteenc seiierall Armadas assayird her ; and all so ill approued their entertainment, as they were by the bn-ake of day, far more willing to harken to a composition, then hastily to make any more assaults or entries. But as tlip day encreased, so our men decreased : and as the light grew more and more, by so much more grewe our discomforts. For none appeared in sight but enemies, sauing oiip small ship called the Pilgrim, commaundcd by lacob Whiddon, who honored all night to see the successe : but in the morning bearing with the Keuenge, was hunted like a hare amongst many rauenous houndes, but escaped. All the powder oi the Reuenge to the last barrell was now spent, all her pikes broken, fortie of her best men slaine, and the most part of the rest hurt. In the beginning of the fight shee had but one hundredth free from sicknes, and fouresrore & ten sicke, laid in hold vpon the Ballast. A small tronp to man such a ship, \ a weake garrison to resist so mights an army. By those hundred al was sustoined, the voleis, boordings, and rntrings of fil'tern ships of warre, besides those which beat her at large. On the contrary, the Spanish were always supplied with souldiers brought from cuery squadron : all nianer of .\rmes and powder at will. Vnto ours there remained no comfort at all, no hope, no supply either of ships, men, or weapons ; the Mastcs all beaten oner board, all lier t.ickle rut asunder, her ypper worke altogether rased, and in cITecf ciiened shco was with the water, but the very foundation or bottome of a si)ip, nothing being left oner head cither for flight or defence. Sir Richard finding himsclfe in tiiis disfresse, and vnablc .nny longer to make resistance, hauing endurctl in this fifieene houres fight, the assault of filicene seuerall Armadas, all bv fumes abonrd him, and by estimation eight hundred shotte of great Artillerie, besides manv assaults and entries ; and that him.selfe and the sliippc must ncedes be posse.s.sed by the enemy, who were now all cast in a ring round about him (I'hc Keuenge not able to monc one way or the other, but as she was moued with the wanes and billow of the sea) com- manded the .Master gunner, whom hee knew to be a must resolute man, to split and sirikc the shippc ; that thereby nothing might rcmaine of ^ims or \ iciurv lo tlie Spaniartls : seeing; in so many h(uires fight, and with so great a Nauie they wi re not able to take her, hauiiii; TtirSpiniih S3 had lifteene houres time, aboue ten thousand men, & lirtic and three sailc of men of waire to performe it withall: and perswaded the cmnpanv, or as manv as hee could induce, to yeelde ihemselues vnto Ciod, and to the mercie of none else; but ;is they had, like valiant re- solute men, repulsed so many enemies, they should not iiowe shorten the honour of their Nation, by prolonging their owne lines for a lew hoiircs, or a fcwe daves. The Master gunner readily condesceiuled and diners others; but tlie {■ap!:iiiu' and the Master were ot another opinion, and besought Sir Hi-l needs sinke, and was besides so crusht and brused, as shee could neucr be remoucd cut el the place. And .va Sir Ric. Greenuil. 'd tliat hee was neuer so lidnight ; and then being shot info the head, and an examination taken by >e being returned, which of her Maiesties priuy to bord the Heucnge, as places, she hauing neuer lat ere the morning, from madas assayled her ; ami of day, far more willing ts or entries. But as ihp •e and more, by so much It enemies, sauing one o honored all night to see united like a hare amongst ent, all her pikes broken, :. In the beginning of the e & ten sicke, laid in hokl garrison to resist so mights igs, and cntrings of fifteen ■ontrary, the Spanish were all nianer of Armes and hope, no supply either ol cr t.uklc rut asunder, her th the wafer, but the very •ithcr for (light or defence, oiigcr to make resistance, le seuerall Armadas, all by cat Artiilerie, besides many cedes be possessed by the Ucueiige not able to mouc id billow of the sea) coni- ute man, to split and sinkc iry to the Spaniartls : sceiii); (It able to take her, hauiii'; three sailc of men of warre nv as hee could induce, u> t as thcv had, like valiant n - shorten the honour of their 1 fcwc daves. The Master lie and the Master were ot alU-aginu that the Spanianl lin;; to oiler the same: ami iiid whose wounds %vcre in f lice hereafter. And wlurcas lo haue taken one shippe of ihemseliies; they answered, •ater, which were so weakely ke, and wa.s besides so cnislii And Sir Richard Grecnuill. TRAPHQUES. AND DISCOUERIES. And as the matter was thus in dispute, and Sir Richard refusing to hearken to any of those reasons: the Master of the Reuenge (while theCaptaine wanne vnto him the greater party) wasconuoyd aboord the Gencrall Don Alfonso Ba^an. Who (finding none ouerhastie to enter the Reuenge againe, doubting least Sir Richard would haue blowne them vp and nim.selfe, and perceiuing by the report of the Ma.sier of the Reuenge his dangerous disposition) yeelded that all their lines should be sailed, the company sent for England, & the better sort to pay such reasonable ranuome as their estate would beare, and in the ineane season to be free from Gaily or imprisonment. To this he so much the rather codcscended as wel, as I haue said, for feare of further Inssc and inischiefe to themselues, as also for the desire he had to rccoucT Sir Richard Greenuil; whom for his notable valure he seemed greatly to honour and admire. When this answere was returned, and that safctie of life was promised, the common sort being now at the ende of their perill, the most drew backc from Sir Richard and the Master gunner, being no hard matter to disswade men from death to life. The Master gunner liiiding himsclfe and Sir Richard tluis prcuented and mastered by the greater number, would haue slainc himselfe with a sword, had he not bene by force with-held and locked into his Cabben, Then the Gencrall sent many boatcs aboord the Reuenge, and diners of mir men fearing Sir Richards disposition, stole away aboord the General! and other shippes. Sir Richard thus ouerniatched, was sent vnto by Alfonso Bapan to remooue out of the Re- uenge, the shippe being manieilous vnsauorie, filled with blood and bodies of dead, and wounded men like a slaughter hou.se. Sir Richard answered that hee might doe with his body what he list, for lice esteemed it not, and as he was carried out of the shippe hee swounded, and reuiuing againe desired the company to pray for him. The Generall vsed Sir Richard ftith all humanitie, and left nothing vnattempled that tended to his recouerie, highly com- mending his valour and worihinesse, and greatly bewailing the danger wherein he was, be- ing vnto ihcm a rare spectacle, and a resolution sildome approoued, to see one shippe turne toward so many enemies, to endure the charge and boordinu; of so many huge Armadas, and to resist and repell the assaults and entries of so many soiildiers. All which and more is con- firmed by a Spanish Captainc of the same Armada, and a present actor in the fight, who be- ing seuered from the rest in a stnrme, was by the Lion of London a small ship taken, and is now prisoner in London. The gencrall commander of the Armada, was Don Alphonso Bagan, brother to the Marques of Santa Cruz. The admiral of the Biscaine squadnm, was Britandona. Of the squadron of Sinil, the Marques of Arumburch. The Mulkes and Flybotes were cdmanded by Luis Cou- linlio. There were slaine and drowned in this fight, well neere one thousand of the enemies, and two speciall commanders Don Luis de sant lohn, and Don George de Prunaria de Malla- ga, as the Spanish captaine confesseth, besides diuers others of speciall account, whereof as vet report is not in.ide. The Admirall of the Ilulkes and the Ascension of Siiiil were both sunke by the side of the Reuenge; one other recouered the rode of Saint Michael, and sunke also there; a fourth ranne her selfe with the shore to sane her men. Sir Rich.ird died as it is sayd, the second or third day aboord the Generall, and was by them greatly bewailed. What became of his body, whether it were buriid in the sea or on the land we know not: the comfort that remayneth to his friends is, that hee hath ended his life honourably in respect of the reputation wonne 10 his nation and coimtrey, and of the same to his posteritie, and that being dead, he hath not oniiined his ciwiie honour. For the ie«t of her Maiesties ships that entrcd not so farre into the fighi as the Reuenge, the reasons and causes were these. There were of them but sixe in all, whsreof two but small ships ; the Reuenge ingaged past recouery : The Hand of Flores was on the one side, 53 saile of the S|)anish, clinided into squadrons on the other, all as full filled with souldiers as they t'oiild etnitaine: Almost the one halfe of our men sicke and not able to serue: the ships growne foule, vnroomagcd, and scarcely able to beare any saile for want of balast, hauing bene sixe inoneihs at the sea before. If all the rest had entred, all had bene lost: for the 4 Q 8 very 66? 668 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Richard Greenuilt. m)mv> ■s» .'i I ill? ■i'fl very hugenes of the Spanish flccte, if no other violence had beene offered, would haue crusht them betweene them into shiuers. Of which the dishonour and losse to the Queene had bene farre greater then the spoyle or harme that the enemie could any way haue re- ceiued. Notwithstanding it is very true, that the Lord Thomas would haue entred betweene the squadrons, but the rest would not condescend ; and the master of his ownc ship oifred to leape into the sea, rather then to conduct that her Maiesiies ship and the rest to bee a pray to the enemie, where there was no hope nor possibilitie either of defence or victory. Which also in my opinion had ill sorted or answered the discretion and trust of a Gencrall, to commit himselfe and his charge to an assured destruction, without hope or any likelyhood of preuailing: thereby to diminish the strength of her Maicsties Nauy, and to enrich the pride and glory of the enemie. The Foresight of the Queencs connnntinded by \f. Thomas Vauisor performed a very great fight, and stayed two houres as ncerc the Reuenge as the weather would permit him, not forsaking the fight, till he was like to be encompassed hy the squadrons, & with Kreat Jifficultic cleared himselfe. The rest gauc diuers voleis of shot, and entred as farre as the place permitted, and their owne necessities, to kccpe the weather gage of the ene- mie, vntill they were parted by night. A fewe daycs after the light was ended, and the English Prisoners dispersed into the Spanish and Indie ships, there arose so great a sfonnc from the /est and Northwest, that all the fleete was dispersed, as well the Indian fleetc which were then come vnto them, as the rest of the Armada that attended their arriual, of which 14. saile together with the Reuenge, and in her WO Spaniards, were cast away vpon the Isle of S. Michael. So it pleased them to honor the buriall of that renowmed ship the Reuenge, nut suflTering her to perish alone, fur the great honourshe atchieued in her life time. On the rest of the Ilandes there were cast away in this storme, ITi or 1<> more of the ships of warre: and of an hundred and odde saile of the Indie fleete, expected this yeere in Spainc, wUat in this tempest, and what before in the bay of Mexico, and about the Bermudas, there were 70 and odde consumed and lost, with those taken by our shippes of London, besides one very rii h Indian ship, which set hcrsclfc on lire, bceing boordcd by the Pilgrim, and fine other taken bv ma.ster Wats his ships of London, between the llananu and Cape S. Antonio. The fourth u( this moneth of Nouember we rereiiicd letters from the Tercera, affirming that there arc .'WXKt bodies of men remaining in tliat Hand, saucd out of the perished ships: I't fliat by the Spaniards owne confession, there arc |()(XJ<) ca>t away in this storme, besides those that are perished betweene the Hands and the maine. Thus it hath pleased CJod to light for vs, and to defend the iustice of our cau.se, against the ambicious and bloody pretenses of the SpanianI, wlu) seeking to deuoure all nations, are themselues deuourcd. A manifest testimony how iniii.st and displeasing, their attempts are in the sight of (Jod, who hath pleased to witnes by the successe of their alfaires, his misli!;e of their bloodv and iniiirious designes, purposed .iiul practised against all Christian princes, ouer whom they seeke Milawfiill and vngodly rule and Empery. One day or two before this wracke h;ippened to the Spani»h fleete, when as some of mir prisoners desired to be set on shore vpon the Ilandes, hoping to be from thence transported into England, which libcrlic was formerly by the Gcierall promised: One Morice Fit/. lulin. Sonne of olde lohn of Desmond, a notable traylour, tousin german to the late Earle of Dcs- mond, was sent to the Kn;;lish from shippe to shippe. to perswade them to serue the King (I Spaine. The arguments hec vsed to induce them were these. The increase of pay which he |)ro- inised to be trebled: adiiancenicnt to the better sort: ami the exercise of the true C'aiholiijUf Religion, and safetie of their seniles to all. For the first, eiien the bejfgcrly and vnnatiirall behaiiiour of those English and Irish ri'hels, that seriicd the Kinn in that present action, was suihcient to answere that (irsl argument of rich pav. For so poore and bcggerlv they were, as for want of apparell they stripped their poore Couiilrey men prisoners out of their ragged garments, worne to nolhinj; bv sixe months seniice, and spared not to despoyle them eucii of their blooed: One Morice Fit/, lulm, lan to the late Earle of Dcs. le ihein to serue the King < I ncrease of pay which he pro- I'rcise of the true Calholiipir liie beggerly and vnnaturall ; in that present action, was rrc and beggerly they were, prisoners out of their ragged not to despoyle theni eucn shooes from their fcete; .\ The second reason was hope [ill to the King. But what man Sir Richard GreenuiU. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. mau can bee so blockishly ignorant euer to expect place or honour from a forraine King, hauing no other argument or perswasion then his owne disloyaltie; to be vnnaturall to his owne Countrey that bred him ; to his parents that begat him, and rebellious to his true Prince, to whose obedience he is bound by oath, by nature, and by Religion ? No, they are onely assured to be employed in all desperate enterprises, to bee helde in scorne and dis- dainc euer among those whom they serue. And that euer traitnurw.is either trusted oraduanc- cd I could neuer yet readc, neither can I at this time remember any example. And no man coulde haue lesse becommed the place of an Orator for such a purpose, then this Morice of De.smond. For the Erie his cosen being one of the greatest subiects in that kingdom of Ire- land, hauing almost whole Countreis in his possession ; so many goodly Mannors, castles, and lordships; the Count Palatine of Kerry, fiue hundred gentlemen of his owne name and family to follow him, besides others (all which he possessed in peace for three or foure hundred yeeres) was in lesse then three yeeres after his adhering to the Spaniards and rebel- lion, beaten from all his holdes, not so many as ten gentlemen of his name left lining, himsclfe taken and beheaded by a souldier of his owne nation, and his land giuen by a Parliament to her Maiestie, and possessed by the English : His other cosen Sir lohn of Desmond taken by Master lohn Zouch, and liis body hanged oner the gates of his natiue Citic to be deuoured by rauens : the thirde brother Sir lames hanged, drawne, and quartered in the same place. If hee had withall vaiuited of his successe of his owne house, no doubt the argument would haue inooued much, and wrought great en'oci : which because, hee for that present forgot, I thought it gocd to remember in his bciiall'e. Fcr matter of Religion it would require a par- ticulcr volume, if I should set downc how irreligiously they coner their greedy and ambicious pretenses, with that veile of pictie. But sure 1 am, that there is no kingdome or common-wealth in all Europe, but if they be reformed, they tiicn inuade it for religion sake : if it bee, as they ternie Catholique, they pretend title; as if the Kings of Castile were the naturall heires of all the world; and so lioiweene both, no kingdome is vnsought. Where they dare not with their owne forces to inunde, tiiey b.xsely entertaine the traitours and vacabonds of all Na- tions; seeking by those and by their runnagate lesuits to winne parts, and haue by that meane ruined many Noble houses and others in this iande, and haue extinguished both their lines ami families. What good, honour, or fortune euer man yet by them atchieued, is yet vnheanl of, or vnwritten. .\nd if our English Papists doe but looke into Portugall, against which they haue no pretense of Religion, how the Nobilitie are put to death, imprisoned, their rich men made a j)raye, and all sorts of [)eoplc capiiued ; they shall liiide that the obe- dience eiien of the Tiirke is casie and a lil>rrtie, in respect of the slaucrie and tyrannic of Spaine. What haue they done in Sicill, in N.iples, Millaine, and in the Low countreis; who hath there bere sp.ired for Religion at all ; And it commcth to my remembrance of a certaiiic Burger of Antwerpe, whose house being entred bv a company of Spanish souldiers, when thev lirst sacked the ("ifie, hee besought them to spare him and his goods, being a good Ca- tholique, and olio of their owne partie and faction. The Spaniards answered, that they knew him to be of a good conscience for liiniscHV, but his monev, plate, iewels, and goods, were all h( reticall, and therefore good prize. So they abused and tormented the foolish Fleming, who lio|)ed that an .\u,niH Dei had bene a sutlicient target against all force of that holy and charitable n.ition Neither haue thev at anv time as thev protest inuaded the kingdomes of the Indies and I'erii, ami eNewhere, but onely led thereunto, rather to reduce the people to Christianitie, t'leii for eiiher ;;ol(l or I'.mperie. When xs in one onelv Island called llispaniola, they haue w.isfd tnirtie huiidretl tliou>amt (d' the naturall |)eople, besides many millions else in other places (d' the Indies: a poi-re ami haiinclesse people created of God, and might haue bene wonne to iiis knowledge, as many if them were, and alnio>t as many as euer were per- swaded thereunto. The storie whereof is :it large written bv a Bishop of their owne nation called Hartii(domcw de his C"a...as, and translated into Eiij;lish ami many other laiigua'^es, in- tituled The .Sp.iiii li ( ruelties. Who would llierelcre repose trust in such a nation of raiien- ous Strang rs, a.ul j'-peciallv in those Spani.irds which more greedily thirst after English blood, then alter the lines of any oilier people of Europe, for the many ouerthrowes ami 669 f> ■■. 1 Hi k{ :M 1 , ill',)* \ I'll I'll i'Vl'^"" 67(r VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, SiV Richard Creenuill. and dishonoura they haue recciucd at our hand:;, whose wcakencsse wee haue discoucrcfl to the world, aiul whose forces at home, abroad, in Europe, in India, by sea and land, wee haue eucn with handfulles of men and Khippcs, oucrthrowen and dishonoured. Let not therefore any linglish man, of what rclifjiou soeur, haue other opinion of the Spaniard)), but that those whom hee sceketh to winne of our Nation, he estecmeth base and trayterous, vn- worthy persons, or vnconstant foolos: and that he vseth his pretense of religion, for no other purpose but to bewitch vs from the obedience of our natural! Prince, thereby hoping; in time to bring vs to slauery and subiection, and then none shall be vnto them so odiou«, and disdayncd as the traitours thcniselucs, who haue solde their Countrey to a stranger, and forsaken their faith and obedience contraric to nature & religion; and contraric to that hu- mane and gcnerall honour, not onely of Christians, but of heathen and irreligious nations, who haue alwa\cs sustaynrd what labour soeuer, and embraced euen death it selfe, for their countrey, Prince, or common wealth. To conclude, it hath euer to this day pleased God to prosper and defend her Maic!*tic, to breake the purposes of malicious enemies, of forswonie traytors, and of iniust practises and inuasions. She hath cucr beene honoured of the worthicM kings, serued by faithful! subiccts, and shall by the fauourof God, resist, rcpell, and confound all whatsoeuer attempts against her sacred person or kingdomc. In the mcunc time let the Spn- niard and traytour vannt of their successe, and wee her true and obedient vassals, guided by the shining light of her virtues, shall alwayes loue her, seme her, and obey her to the cull of our lines. A particular note of the Indian fleet, expected to haue come info Spaine this pre- sent yeere of 1591. with the number of sliipprs that are perished of the same: according to the exainin.ition of certaine Sj)aniards lately taken and brought into England by the ships ( f London. THe fleete of Nona Ilispaniu, at their first galhcrin;; toKCllicr and sctlin,-; foorth, were tw,. and fiftie sailes. The Admiral! w.is of sixe hundred tunnr-, and the Vice Adinirall of the same burthen. Foure or line of the shippes were ofni! c luindrcil and 100() tiinnes a piece, some fine himdred, and some foiirc hundred and the Ic.i^l of two hundred tuns. Of this fleet ly were cast away, and in thcin ''2CA)0 men by rsiimaiioii, whiih was done along t!u- coast of Nona Ilispania, so that of the same fled there came to tlie llauana but .'Ji sailcs. The (Icete of Terra Firnia were, at tht ir first departure from Spaine, lifiie sailes, which were iwund for Noinbre de Dios, where ihey did discharge 'heir ladiii;;, and thence returned to Cartagena, for their healths sake, Mitill the lime the treasure was readit thev should take in, at the said Nonibre de Dios. But before this llecte departed, sume were gone l)y one or two at a time, so that onely "23 >ayles of this fleete arriued in the llauana. r.J.'i sailes of Nona Ilispania. At the llauana J 2-i sailes of Terra Firma. there met | 12 sailes of San Doming". [_ U sailes of the Ilnnduras. The whole 77 shippes, ioyned and set sailcs all tonciher at tlie llauana, ilie I / of InK, according to our account, and kept fonether vniill they ciniv into tlie height of thirlie lim- degrees, which was about the tenili of August, where tlicv i'ouiid the wlixle at Soutliwesi chaunged suddeiily to the North, so that the sea emnniing out nf tlie .Southwcit, and the wind very violent at North, they were put all into great extrcniitij-, ami then first lost the General! of their fleete, with .jlK) men in her; and within three or foure dayes after, an other storme rising, there were line or >ixe other of tlie biggi'st shi|)pes cast away witli all their men, together with their Vice-.VImirall. .\nd in llie height of .'iS. degrees, about the end olWiuju^t, grew another great storme, in which all the fleet sauing 48. sailcs were cast awav : which 4H. sailes kept together, vntill they came in sight of the Islands of C'oruo and Flores, about the filt or sixt ol' SeptemV.r, at which time a great storme separated them; of which number fil'leene or sixeleene were aliT liecne by these Spanyard* to ride at anchor vndcr the Terceia; and tv vine or I'ourcleene mon- to Sir Richard Grtennill. M. Robert Flick. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 671 to beare with the Island oFS. Michael; what became nf them aPtcr that these Spaniards were taken cannot yet be certified ; their opinion is, that very Few of thee fleet are escaped, but are either drowned or taken. And it in other waies of late certified, that of this whole flcete that should haue come into Spaine this yeere, being one hundred twentie and three sayle, there are arriued as yet but flue and twentie. This note was taken out of the examination ofcertainc Spanianles, that were brought into England by sixc of the ships of London, which tooke scucn of the aboue named Indian Fleete, neere the Islands of Azores. A report of Master Robert Flicke directed to Master Thomas Bromley, Master Richard Staper, and Master Cordall concerning the successe of a part of the London supplies sent to my Lord Thomas Howard to the Isles of the Azores, 1591. WOrshipfull, my heartic commendations vnto you premised : By my last of the twelfth of August from this place I aducrtised you particularly of the accidents of our Fleete vntill then. It remayncih now to relate our endeuours in accomplishing the order receiued for the ioyning with my Lordc Thomas Howard, together with the successe wee haue had. Our departure from hence was the seuenteenth of August, the winde not seruing before. The next day following I cause*! a Flagge of Counsell to be put fooilli, whereupon the Captaines and Masters of eucry shippc came aboord, and I acquainted them with my Commission, firmed by the Right honourable the Lordes of her Maiesties Counsell, and with all the aduer- tiscments of Sir Edward Denny, of my Lordes determination to remaine threescore leagues to the West of Fayal, spreading North and South betwixt thirtie scuen and a halfe or thirty eight and a halfe degrees. And not finding him in this heighth to repaire to the Isles of Flores and Coruo, where a I'iiincsse of purpose should stay our comming vntill the last of August, with intent after that day to repaire to y coast of Spaine, about the heigth of The Kockc, some twentie or ihirtic leagues oil' the shoare. The which being aduisedly con- sidered of, hailing regard vnto the shortncsse of time, by reason of our long abode in this place, and the vncertaincty of the weather to fauour vs, it was generally holden for the best and securest way to mectc with my Lorde, to beare with the heigth of The Rockc, without making any stay vpnn the coast, and so directly for the Islands which was accordingly fully agreed and performed. The "iH day wee had sight of the Burlings, and the 29 being thwart of I'cniclie, the winde scniing vs, without any stay we directed our course West for the Islands. The ',iO day we met with Captaine Roydcn in the Red-Unse, sometime called the Golden Drngon, separated from my Lonie of Cumberland inastormc: who certi- fied vs of TjOsayles of the Spanish kings Arinadus to be gone for the Hands, but could not inl'orme vu any lunve- of my LiTd Thomas Howard, otherwise then vpon presumption to remaine about the Islaiules, and so wee continued our course the winde standing with vs. The 4 of September wc reccuereil Tercera, and ranged along all the Islands, both on the South and North sides the space of inure dayes: during which time it was not our hap to nieete with any shipping, wli'Tcliy cither to vnderstand of my Lord, or of the Indian Fleete: hereupon we directed oiir course to the West from Fayal, according to the instructions of Sir lulwanl Denny. The 1 1 day in the plying to the Westwards we descried a sayle out of our maine toppe, and in the aficriioiMic betweenc two and three of the clocke hauing raysed her hull, the weallier became calnie, sc that the ship could not fetch her. 1 sent ofl' my SkifT'e throughly manned, furnislu'd with shot and swords, The Cheriibin, and the Margaret and lohn doing the like. \[hm this the savle stood olf againe, and the night approching, our boates lost her aiul so returned. In this our pursute alter the sayle the Centurion being left a Sterne, the iie\t inoriiing wee missed her, and spent that day in plying vp and down seek- ing her. And for as much as euery of the ships had receiued order, that, if by extremity of weather or anv other mischance they should be scuered from our Fleete, they should nu'cte and iovne at Flores, we, accordinj; to the instructions of Sir F.dward Denny, proceeded to the linding of my Lord Thomas Howard, being in the heigth appointed and not able to liolde the same by reason of extreme tcmpcsfcs which forced vs to the Isles of Flores i/t« t, :\ r ( ioil:';ii|lii(ij ' -''1 > -'"ai™ ¥' if # '■4 Ms- ■"hi Tllf hi 618 A tiulrnt tivrmc* A Portugall Hnic taken. AtiihWfit- In.lia pT\ie t«krn. VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, M. Robert Fli,i ■ KlorM and Coriio, whicli wc made the H day in the morning, and there alsto ioyncd againc with the Centurion, whose company before wr hjd lost: who declared vnto vm that tKc l;i day, being the same day they lost vs, theT met with (iue and forty Railed of the Indian Fleete. The same ni^ht, vpon these iiewes w<' came to an anker beiweene Flores and Coruo, and the mnrow followiii); at the breake of day, a llaggc of Counsell being put out, the Captaines & Nfasler^ rame abord nie : where, for liie desire to vnderNtand some tidings of my Lord, as also the NUpplving of our want (hed on shore, vndcr llic conduct of Cnptaine Urolhus, and then it was also or- dered after our departure theni e to range along the Southsidcs of the Islands to the end vie might either vnderstand of my Lord, or else light on the Indian flecte ; and in the ini.ssin» of our purpose to direct our course for Cape Sant Vincente. The boatcs, according to the foresayd determination, lieing sent on shoare, it chaunccd that the Coslely ryding vttennost in the roade, did weigh to bring her selfc more ncrn among vs Irr the succour of the boales sent od', and in opening the land discouered (wu sayles, which wc in the roade could not perceiue : whereupon shee gaue vs a warning pice c, which caused vs to wane ofl' our boates backe, and before they could recoucr our shipper, the discrycd siiips appeared vnto vs, towardcs the whicl> we made with ail liaste, and in ;, very happie houre, as it pleased (lod. In that wee had not sosoone cleared the lande, aii.l spoken with one of them, which was a Barke of Bristoll, who had also sought my Lordc m the heiglhs aj)pointcd and could not findc him, but a violent storme arose, in >uch manner, as if we had remained in the roade, wc had iieene in daunger of perishing: and the same extremely continued during the space of tiireescore houres. In which storme I was sepa- rated from our Fleete, except the (^herubin and the Co«teIy, which kept company with nice And so say ling among the Hands, I viewed the made of ISval, and linding no Koaders there, went directly for the Isle Terccrn. The nineteenth day in the morning coninnng \nto y s.nne with intent to edge into tiu- Hoad, a tempest arose and scanted the winde, that ue lould not spase it: from the which being driuen wc fell among ceriaine of the Indian Fleete, whii h the saydc storme dispersed, and put them from the road : whcrcu|)on my sclfe with tlie other two ships in companie gaue seuerall chasps, and thereby lost the €■ nipany cacli of oihcr. In following our chase aboue noone we made lur to strike and yeelde, being a I'crtiigall, laden with hides, salsa-perilla and Anile. At this \crv insiant we e»pied another, and tak- ing our I'risc wiih vs followed h«T, and somewhat belinc niu'iit obtayned her, named the Conception, Francisco Spinola being Caplaine, which was laden with hides, Cochonillic, and certainc raw silke. And for that the seas were so growen, ;is neither with boate nnr shippc they were to bee boorded, we kept them till (it opportuniiie. The same night a litlc before dav there happened nnoti.er into our compiiu , -upp ising \s by our two prizes to l)c of their Fleete, which we vntill the niorninx dissembled. The ;iO day in the morning, the sa_\ le being shut somewhat a head of vs, hauing a sjk'- ciall care for the safe kcejjing of the two former, we purposed to cause our Prizes to |>iit out more sa)le thereby to kecpe them ncerc in giuing chase to the other: vnto the which the Master would not hearken nor be |)erswaded, but that they would follow vs: by the which his wilfulnesse bv sue h lime as we had caused the other to \ eelde, and sent men aljoord, the Conception, Francisco .Spinola Captaine being l)rought a sterne, and hauing gotten the winde of vs, stood ofl' with all her sa\lcs bearing, so as we were forced to make a new chase of her: and had not the winde enlarged vpon vs we had lest her. In the pursulc before we recouered her and brought our sthies againe in company of our other Frizes, (he whole day was spent, and bv this meaiies we lost the o|)<)rtunitie of th:it day, the weather litly srr- iiing to boon! the I'ortugall Prize, which w:is in great distresse, and made request to take them being readie to sinke, and, as we well perceiued, they ceased not to pumpe day aiui night : the which ship to all our iudgements the same night perished in the sea. The one anil twentie dav the Conception, whereof Francisco Spinola was Captaine, being also in a leake, and the wme ktill increasing notwithstanding the continuall pumping, in «uch M. Robert FtU'K- here also ioyncd againo ircd vnto vs that the I'J •ty nailes of the Indian :r bclwefne Florcs ami Counsell bcinK put out. vndcrttand some tidings liought good to send ouv and then it was also or- ihc Islands to the end wo ectc ; and in the misxiii;; U on shoarc, it chauncid ing her sclfc more nrm T the land discouered iwu ^paiie vs a warning piiic. ould reroiK-r our shippc", Ic with all haste, and iii ;i )ne cleared the lande, m.\ A also sought my Lordc n. nic arose, in -nth manner. • perishing: :••«' •'"' "»""' whirh storme I was sepa- h kept company with n-ic d linding no Uoadcrs there, ill, intent to edge into tin- ,t >ease it ; from the whicli ll)e savdc sti.rnic disjier^ed, iwo>hips incompanie gauf 1 veeld<-, »)eing a I'ortug.ill, we e»pied another, and lak- ,t uhlayned her, named ilu- liM) with hides, CoihoniUio, ;m neither with bi'atc nnr iiiie. The same nighi a litl.- g vs by our two pri/.es to be a head of vs, hauing a spe- I to cause our Prizes to yul „ ihe other: vnto the whidi cv would follow vs : by tlic , x'eelde, and sent men abourd, erne, and hauing gotten the L- forced to make a new chase I her In the pursute before r our other Prizes, the whole lat day, the weather litly ser- tise, whereby I was forced to yecid, least the Spaniards which we had abord being many peiV ceiuing the same, might haue had tit opportunilie to rise against vs, which, after their brawls were appeased, they sought to haue put in execution. By the last aduise from Castile the Genenll of the kings Armada which is lately corM to sea hath receiued commaundement to ioyne his Fleete with those of the Indies, and for to slay altogether at Tercera vntill Ihe 15 of October: for that 6 pataches with 7 or 8 millions of the kings treamire will come by that lime, or els they stay their romming from Hauana vntill lanuary next, or Ihe kings further pleasure therein to be knowen. These Pataches are said to be of 300 tuns the piece, and to cary SO pieces of bnsse, and also of saile reported to haue Ihe aduantage of any shipping. There perished of the Indies Fleete sunkc in the sea before their comming to FloTes 11 ■ailes, whereof the General was one, and not one man saued. And it is by the Spaniards themselues presupposed that the stormes which we had at Flores & at Tercera haue defiour- ed many more of them, whereof in part we were eye witnesses. And so what by the aeas and our men of warre I presume that of 75 sailes that came from Hauana, halfe of them will neucr anriue in Spaine. The 1 1 day of October at night we came to anker in the sound of Plimouth, and the next morning with our Prize came into Cattewater : for which God be thanked : for that a vehe- ment .storme arose, and with such fury increased, as that the Prize was forced to cut oner her maine maste: otherwise with the violence of the storme, her ground tackle being bad, she had driuen on shore : which was the most rausc that moued me to put in here ; intend- ing now here tu discharge the goods without further aduenture, and haue certified thus much vnto my Lord Admirall, and therewith also desired to vnderstande the direction of Ihe Lords of the iDounsell together with yours, insomuch as my Lord Thomas Howard is not returned. How the rest of our consorts which were seperated from vs by weather haue sped, or what Prizes they haue taken, whereof there is much hope by reason of the scattering of the West Indian Fleete, as yet we are able to say nothing. And thus expecting youf answere, and for all other matters referring me vnto the bearer Captaine Furtho, I end. Plymouth the 24 of October 1591. Your worships louing firiend Robert Flicke. vol.. II 4R A large A e74 VOYAGES. NAUIOATIONS. ^* 'n .' Wl "" '•!; iV V Mm 'rm The hon. Ertt of Cumft. A large testimony of lohn Huighen van Linichoten Hollander, concerning the wor- thy cxplofta atchieiied by the right honourable the Earle of Cumberland, By Sir ** Martine Frobisher, Sir Richard Greenuile, and diuera other Englioh Captaines, about the ImIcs of the Acorett, and vpon the coa«tM oF Spaine and Portugal!, in theyeeres 1589, 1590, 1591, &c. recorded in his excellent discourac of voiagcs to the East and West Indies, cap. 96. 97. and 99. THe S2 or luly 1589 about Buening, being by the Islands of Flores & Coruo, we per- cciued J ships that made towards vs, which came from vnder the land, which put vs in great feare: for they came close by our Admirall, and shot diuers limes at him, and at another •hip of our companic, whereby we pcrceiucd them to be Englishmen, for they bare an En- glish flagge vpon their maine top, but none of them shewed to be aboue 60 tunnes in grrai- nes. Aouut Euening they followed after vs, and all night bore lanternes with randlex burn- ing in them at their sternes, although the Moone shined. The same night paNning hard by the Island of Fayal, the next day being belweene the Island of S. George that lay on our right hand, and the small Island called Graciosa on our left hand, we espit-d the 3 Engliiih ships still following vs ^ tooke counsell together, whereof one sailed backwards, thinking that some other ship had come after vs without cdpany, & for a time was out of sight, but it was not long before it came again to ^ other two, wherwith they tooke coDhcI & came all 3 together against our ship, because we lay in the lee of al our ships, 8c had f Island of S. George on the one side in stead of a sconce, thinking to deale so with vs that in f end we should be constrained to run viM>n the shore, whereof we wanted no. much, and in that manner with their flagges openly displayed, came lustily towardes vs, Mmnding their Trum- pets, and sayled at the lea.st three times about vs, Iteating vs with Musket and Caliuer, and some great pieces, and did vs no hurt in the body of our shippe, but spoyled all our sayles* and ropes, and to conclude, wee were so plagued by them, that no man durst put foorth his head, and when wee shot oflT a pcece, wee had at the least an houres worke to lade it againe, whereby wee had so great a nnliie and eric in the shippe, as if we had all bene cast away, whereat the English men themselues begannc to mocke vs, and with a thousand iesting woids called vnto vs. In the mcane time the other shippes hoiiied all their sayles, and did the best thry could to saile to the Island of Tercrra, not looking once bchinde them to heipe vs, doubting they should come too late thither, not cai.nK for vs, but thinking themselues m haue done sulTiciently ko they saucd their owne slako-, whereby it may easily be scene what company they kccpe one with the other, and what order is among them. In the ende the English men pcrceiuing small aduantage against vs, (little knowing in what case and fearc wc were, as also because wee were not farre from Terrcra) left vs. which made vs not a litle to reioyce, as thinking our selues to bee risen from death to life, although wee were not well assured, neyther yet voyde of feare till we lay in the road before Tercera, and vnder thesafetie of the Purtingales fort, and that we might get thither in good time wee made all the .sailes we couki: on the other side wc were in great doubt, because we knew not what they did in the Island, nor whether they were our friends or enemies, and we doubled isn much the more, because we found no men of warrc nor any Curuels of aduisu from For- lingal, as wee made our accounts to doe, that might lonuoy vs from thence, or giue vs ad- u\t,e, as in that counlrey ordinarily they vse to do : and because the English men had bene so victorious in those parts, it made \s suspect that it went not well with Spaine : they of the Island of Tercera were in no lease feare then we, fur seeing our llecte, they thought vs to bee Englishmen, and that wee came to ouerrun the Island, because the 3. Englishmen had bound vp their flags, and came in company with vs : for the which cause the Hand sent out two Cnruels that lay there with aduise from the king, for the Indians ships that should come ihiiher. Those Caruels came to view vs, and perceiuin;; what we were, made after vs, where- upon the Engliiih ships left vs, and made towardes them, because the Caruels thought them to be friends, and shunned them not, as supposing them to bee of our company, but we shot foure or fiuc times and made signes vnto them that they should make towards the Island, which ^:>^)l^ le hon. Erie of Cumh. icerning the wor- ^ mberland. By Sir itglish Captaines, and Portugal!, in Hcourac of voiagw ores & Coruo, we per- l, which put v« in great at hiin, and at another n, for they bare an En- joue 60 tunncs in great- rnes with randlcH burn- c night pawling hard by George that lay on our we espifd the 3 English led backwards, thinking ne was out of sight, but looke coQm) & came all M, & had J Island of S. Mith vs that in J end we 1 no', much, and in that MH, -•ttunding their Trum- Musket and Caliuer, and but apoyled all our saylcs J man duwt put foorthhii es worke to lade it againe, ,e had all bene cast away, h a thousand iesting word* ir sayles, and did the best chinde them to helpe vs, ,u thinking themselues to may easily be seenc what g them. In the ende the ig in what case and fcarc , which made vs not a litle c, although wee were not before Tercera, and vndcr in good time wee made all brcauxe we knew not what icmics, and we doubted no Jaruels of aduisc from Por- rom thence, or giue vs ad- thc English men had bene W with Spaine : they of the r llcctc, they thought vs to ,use the 3. Englishmen had ich cause the Hand sent out ians ships that should come were, made after vs, wherc- se the Caruels thought them >r our company, but we shot " make towards the Island, which Thehon.ErhofCumb. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. which ther presently did. The Englishmen perceiuing that, did put forwardi into the tea, ll so the CarueU horded vs telling vs that the men of the Island were all in armea, as hauing receiued aduise from Portugall, that Sir Francis Drake was in readinesse, and woulde com* vnto those Islands. They likewise brought vs newrs of the ouerthrow of the Spanish fleet before England, and that the English men had bene before the gates of Lisbon : whereupon (he king gaue vs commandemont that we should put into the Uland of Tercera, and there lie vnder the safety of the Castle vntill we receiued further aduise what we should do, or whe- ther we should saile : for that they thought it loo dangerous for vs to go to Lisbon. Those, newes put our fleet in great feare, and made vs looke vpon euhe other not knowing what to say, as being dangerous for them to put into the road, because it lieth open tu the sea: so that the Indian ships, although they hud cxpressc commandement from the king, yet tliey durst not anker there, but oneiy vsed to romc thither, and to lie to and fro, sending their boaies on land to fetch such necessaries as they wanted, without ankering : but being by neceasitie compelled thereunto, as also by the kings commandement, and for that we vnder> stood the Erie of Cumberland not to bee furre from those Islands with certaine ships of warre, we made ncccssiiie a verlue, and cntring the road, ankercd close vnder the Castle, staying for aduise and order from the king, to performc our voyage, it being then the 34. of luly, and S. lames day. The day before the Erie of Cumberland with (i. or 7. ships of war, sailed by the Island ol Tercera, and to their great good fortune passed out of sight, so that they dispatched them- selues in all haste, and for the more securitie, tooke with them 4. hundred Spaniards of those that lay in Garrison in the Island, and with them they sayled towards Lisbon, hauing a good wind: so that within II dales after they arriued in the rioer of Lisbon with great gladnes Sc triumph : for if they had stayed but one day longer before they had entred the riuer, they had ail beene taken by Captaine Drake, who with 40 ships came before Cascais at the same time that the Indian ships ca»t anker in the riuer of Lisbon, being gardcd thither by diuers Gallies. While I remained in Tercera, the Erie of Cumb. came to S. Marie, to take in fresh water, and some other virtuals : but the inhabitants would not suffer him to haue it, but wounded hoth himselfe & diuers of his men, whereby they were forced to depart without hauing any thing there. The Erie of Cumberland while I lay in Tercera, came vnto the Isle of Gracinsa, where himselfe in person, with seuen or eight in his company went on land, asking certaine beasts, hens, and other victuals, with wine and fresh water, which they willingly gaue him, and therewith he de|Mrted from thence, without doing them any hurt : for the which the inhabi- tants thanked him, and commended him for his conrtesie, and keeping of his promise. The same time that the Erie of Cumberland was in the Island of Graciosa, he came like- wise to Fayall, where a; the first time that he came, they beganne to resist him, but by rea- son of some controuersie among liiem, they let him land, where, he razed the Castle to the ground, and sunkc all their Onlinance in the sea, taking with him certaine Carauels and shi|M that lay in the road, >vith prouision of all things that he wanted : and therewith depart- ed againe to se.i. Whereupon the king caused the principall actors therein to be punished, and sent a company of souldicrs thither againe, which went out of Tercera, with all kinde of warlike munition, and great shot, making the fortresse vp againe, the better to defend the Island, trusting no more in the Porttigales. The 99 Chapter, THc ninth of October 1589. there arriued in Tercera fourtecne ships that came from the Spanish Indies, laden with Cochinile, Hides, Golde, Silucr, Pearles, and other rich wares. i'hey were tiftic in cumpaiiie, when they departed out of the Hauen of Hauana, whereof, in their coinming out of the Channell, eleuen sunke in the same Channell by foule weather, the rest by a storme were scattered and sepcrated one from the other. The next day there came another ship of the same companie, that sailed close vnder the Island, so to get into the 4 R 2 Roade; VOYAOU, NAUIOATIONt. Tluhmt.Brk^^fam^k 1' ■U":S^'^V f,> ' r; Rioad* : when sb* met with an iMgIkh ship that had not aboue thra* oait pmcea, and ih« ^niaida It. Thty rought a long time together, which we being in (he bhuid might atantf and behold i whefevpon tne Ooucrnour of fentn iicnt two boam of Muihcticra to heljie the •hippe : but before ihev could come at her, the Ingliih ship had shot her vndar water, and v»e aaw her ainke into tne Sea with all her laylea vp, and not any thing aeene of her aboue the water. The EngKthmen with their boate mued the Captaine and about thirtie othei* with him, but not one pcnie-worth of the good*, and vet in the ahippe there waa at the leant to the vahie of two hundred ihouMnd Docliata in GoMe, .Silurr and Prarira, ihe re*t of the men were drawiied which might be about flftie perMna, among the which were aome PryerN and vwmen, which the Bngliihmen wouM not aaue. Thow that they had aaued they mi on land : and then they Myled away. The wiien and twentieth of the aame moneth, the nayd ftnireteene ahipa hauing reftvfihed thrmMeliiea in (he Inland departed from Tercera toward Si- uill, and comming vpon the coanl of Spaine ihr^ were taken by the Kngliwh iihipii that lay there to watck for them, two onely cxi. ntcd which escaped away, and the reat were wholly caried into England. About the aame time the Erie nf Cumberland with one of the Queenca Mhipa, and flue or aixc more, kept about thoae Islands and came orienlimea mo clone vnder the bland, and to the Road of Angra. that the people on land might eaiily icll all hinii of golde and ailuer, And hauing with all aper.lc refrmhrd their ahipi, fearing the comming of the Bngliahmen they aet aayle, ami arriued wifely in S. Liicar, not meeting with the enemir, to the f;reat good lucke of the Spaniards and haiti fortune of the Engliahmen : for that within leaae then two dayea after the gnldc and xiluer was laden againe into the Spanish ithipa, the Erie of Curober> land sayled agyine by that bland : m that it appeared that (ind would rot let them haue it, for if they had once had »ight thereof, without doubt it h.-id bene theirs aa the Spaniaitla themselues confeaaed. In the moneth of Nouember there arriued in Tercera two groat nhippea, which were the Admirall and Viceadmirall of the Fleete laden with niliier, who with aiurmie weather were aeparaied from Ihe Fleete, and had beene in great torment and diNtre»(e, and readie toainlie : fer they were forced to vwe ail their Pump*: nn that ihev wished a thousand time* to haue met with the Engliahmen In whonvlhey would willingly haue giurn iheir xiliier and all th.it euer they brought with them, onely to saue their liiie<*. And although the Erie of Cumber> hnd lay •ttill about thme blandn, yet they met not with him, so that after much paine and la- bour they got into the Road before Angra, wherewith all speede they vnladcd and dinrharged aboue fine miliionH of ailuer, all in pieics of H or 10 pound fj:reat: so that the whole Kay lay couered with plates and chexN of itilucr, full of Kyales of eight, moHt woiulerrull lo behold, (each million bcin^ ten hundred thuuNand ducltals,) befiide>< pearlet*, gold, and other stones which were not rrgistred. The Admirall and chicfe commaundrr of those shipn and Flceie called Aluaro Florcs de Quiniones was sicke nf the Nea|)»lilan ditease, and was brought to land, whereof not long after he died in Siuillia. He brought with him the Kings broad scale and fnllauthoritie to beOenerall and chiefe commaunder vpon the Seas, and of nil Fleetes or ahips, and of all places and Islands, or lands wheresoeuer lie came : wherevpon the Goueriiour of Terrera did him <^rcat honour, and brtweene ihem it was concluded, perceiuing the weak- nesse of their ships and the danger of the Englishmen, thai they would send the shippes emptie with souldicre to conuey them, either to Siuill or Lisbon, where they could first arriue, with ■S'' ' t Uhtft. ErU^Oimk SpmUtk priutmkm. TRAFnQUlS, AND DISCOUBRIBS. hb Maietti* of all thai had patatd, and that h« would giua order to finch iH aihicr wMi good and aafc conuoy. Wharevpon the aaid Aluaro Plorta atayad thtra, vn- dar colour oX kecpinf th« iiluar, but apaoially bacauno of hi* diaeaae, and for that thay wera allVaida of fkt EnglUhnen. Thia Aluaro Floras had alone for hia owna part aboue 60000 Duckatt in pcadlm which ha ahewed vnto va, dC aought to tell ihem or barter tham with va for npirea or b« Deere and Sheepe, belonging to the inhabitants of the Island of Tercera. Those Saylera knew it well, and thereupon they rowed vnio them with their boates, and lying at anker that day, thry Tetched as many Gnaies and sheepe as ihey had neede of: which those of the toWne and of the Island well saw and beheld, yet durst not once goe Toorth : so there remained no more on land but the Master and ihe Merchant of the said EnKlish ship. This Master had a brother in lawe dwelling; in England, who hauing newes of his brothers imprisonment in Ter> ccra, got licence of the Querne of England to set forth a shin, therewith to aee if he could recouer his losses of the Spaniards by taking some of them, and so to redeeme his brother that lay prisoner in Tercera, and he it was that tooke the two Spanish ships before the Towne, the Master of the ship aforesaid standing on the shore by me, and looking vpon them, tat he was my great ar«fuaintance. The ship* being taken that were worth 300 thousand duck- ate, he sent al the men on land sailing onely two of the principnll (icntlcmen, which he kept aboord thereby t6 ransome his brother : and sent the Pilot of one of the Indian ships that were taken, with a letter to the Gouernor of Tercera : wherein he wrote that he should de- liuer him his brother, iV he would send the 2 Gentlemen on land: if not, he would aaile with ihcm into England, as indeed he did, because the Gouernour would not doe it, saying that the (ientlemen miirht make that *\\\\c to the king of Spaine himselfe. This Spanish Pi* lot we bid to supper with v<<, and the En;;iiNhmen likewise, where he shewed vs all the man- ner of their light, much commending the order and maner of the Englishmens fighting, aa also their courteous vsing nf him : but in the end the English Pilot likewise stole away in a French ship, wiihoiit paying any ransome ax yet. In the moneth of lanuarie I.VJO there arriued one ship alone in Tercera, that came from the .Spanish Indies, and l)ri-ii<;ht newcs that there was a Fleete of a hundred shippes which put out from Ihe Firme laiul of the Spanish Indies, and by a storme were driuen vpon the coast called Florida, where they were ail cast away, ^he hauing onely escaped, wherein there were great riches, & maiy inin h^t, as it may well be thought: so that they made their account, that of 2'^0 shi|)>> that fur certaine were linowen to haue put out of Noua Spagna, S. Domingo, Ilnuana, Capo verde, Brasilia, Guinea, &c. in the yeere 158U. to saile for Spnine & Portu^all, there were not aboue 14 or 15 of them arriued there in safe- tie, all the rest being cither drowned, burst or taken. In 67R ^ '1 '¥ T ' 1' u : J mrmA VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS. Spanish Barbaritie. In the same moiicth of lanuary there arriiicd in Terrera 15 or 16 ihips that came Trom Siuil, which were nioxt Flieboati of the Low countries), and some Britons that were ari'estsd in Spalne: these came full of souldiers. and well appointed with munition, to lade the siluer that lay in Tcrcera, and to fetch Aluares de Flores by the kings comandement into Spaine. And because that time of the yeere there are alwayes stormes about those Hands, therefore they dunt not enter into the road of Tcrcera, for that as then it blew so great a storme that some of their ships that had ankred were forced to cut downe their mastes, and were in dan- ger to be lost: aiid among the rest a ship of Biscaie ran against the land and was striken in pieces, but all the men saued themselues. The other ships were forced to keepe the sea and seperate themselueti one from the other, where wind and weather would driue them vntiil the 15 of March for that in ail th.it time they could not haue one day of faire weather to anker in, whereby they endured much miserie, cursing both the siluer and the Hand. This storme being past, they chanced to meet with a small English ship of about 4U tunnes in big- nesse, which by reason of the great wind could not beare all her sailes : so they set vpon her and tooke her, and with the English flag in their Admirals steme, they came as proudly into the hauen as if they had conquered all the realme of England : but as the Admiral! that bare the English flag vpon her sterne was cntring into the road, there came by chance two English ships by the Hand that paied her so well for her paines, that they were forced to cry Misericordia, and without all doubt had taken her, if she had bene but a mile further in the sea : but because she got vnder the Fortresse, which also began to shoot at the Englishmen, they were forced to leaue her, and to put further into the sea, hauing slaine flue or sixe of the Spaniards. The Englishmen that were taken in the small shippe were put vnder hatches, and coupled in bolls, and after they had bene prisoners 3 or 4 dayes, there was a Spanish Ensignc bearer in the ship that had a brother slaine in the Fleet that came Air England, who as then minding to reuenge his death, and withall to shew his manhood on the English cap- tiues that were in the English ship, which they had taken, as is aforesayd, tooke a poiniard in his hand and went downe vnder the hatches, where finding the puore Englishmen sitting in boltcs, with the same poiniard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart : which two others of them percei;iing, clasped each other about the middle, because they would not be murthered bv him, & threw theraselues into the sea and there were drowned. This acle was of all the Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken, so that they caricd the Spaniard prisoner vnto Lisbon, where being arriued, the king of Spaine willed he shocld be sent into England, that the Queenc of Engbnd might vse him as she thought good : which sentence his friends by intreatic got to be reuerscd, notwithstanding he commanded he should without all fauour he beheaded : but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going to masse, .ill the captaines and Com- manders made so great intrcaty for him, that in the end they got his pardon. This 1 thoui;ht good to note, that men might vnderstand the bloody & dishonest inindji of the Spaniards when they haue men vnder their subiection. The same two English ships which Iblowed the Spanish Adinirall till he had got the Fort of Tercera, as I sayd before, put into the sea, where thev met with another S|>anish ship being of the same Fleei, '.hat had likewise bene srattrcd by the storme and was onely missing, for the rest lay in the road. This small ship the Englishmen tooke, and lentall the men on .shore, not hurting any of them: but if they hud knowen what had bt-ne done vnto the forosayd En- glish captiucs, I beleeue ihcy would soonc haue reuengcd themselucs, as afterward many ;in innocent soule paied for it. This ship thus taken by the Englishmen, was the same that w.i« taken and contiscated in the Hand of Tercera by the Ivnnlishinen that got out of the Hand in a fisher boat (as I said before) and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then came from llie Indies, wherewith they sayled to S. I.ucar, where it was also arrested by the duke, and ap- pointed to go in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera, because it was a ship (hat sailed well, but among the Spaniards Fleet it was the meanest of the company. By this means it was taken from the Spaniards and caried into Knghmd, and the owners had it againe when they least thought of it. rhe 19 of \tarch the aforetayd ships being 19 in number, set saile, hauing laden the kings siluer. Spanish Barba^itie. Spanish ships taken. TRAFFIQUES, AND DISCOUERIES. 679 mhaet, and recciued in Alunro Florcs de Quiniones, with his company and good preuision of nec c wa ric a^ munition and souldiers that were Tully resolued (as they made .shew) to fight va- liantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches : and although they set their course for S. Lucar, the wind draue them vnto Lisbon, which (as it seemed) was willing by his force to helpc them, and to bring them thither in safetie, although Aluaro de Flores, both against the wind and weather would perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucar, but being con- strained by the wind and importunitie of the sailers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him, hf .\ugii-t the kings Armada comming out of Ferol arriued in Tercera being in ail .'iO ships, Hiskaines, I'ortugals and Spaniards, and 10 Dutch (lieboats that were arrested in Lisbon toseruc the king, besides other small ships & pataxos, that came to serue as mcsseiiirers from place to place, and to discouer the seas. This nauie came to stay for, and coinicy the ships that should come from the Spanish Indies, and the flieboalsi were appointed in ilieir returne home, to take in the goods that were saued in the lost ship that came from Malacca, and to conuoy them to Lisbon. The l.'J of September the said Armada arriued at the Hand of Coruo, where the English- men with about l(> ships as then lay, slaying for the Spanish fleet, whereof some or the most part were come, and there the English were in goiul hope to haue taken them. But whe they vol.. II. 4 S pcrcciucd 681 # 682 VOYAGES, NAUIGATIONS, Sir Rich. Greenuil. • 1 !• ijl i 1 H:l Tri' '''li/il'j!'* % perrciucd ihe kings army to be strong, the Admiral being the ford Thomas Howard, com- manded his Fleet not to fa! vpon them, nor any of them once to separate their ships from him, vnlesse he gaue commission bo to do : notwithstanding the viceadmirall sir Richard Greenuil being in the ship called the Reuengc, went into the Spanish fleet, and shot among them doing them great hurt, & thinking the rest of the company would haue folowed, which they did not, but left him there, & sailed away : the cause why could not be knowe. Which the Spaniards perceiuing, with 7 or 8 ships they boorded her, but she withstot>d ihcm all, fighting with them at the least ISJ hoiires together and sunke two of them, one being a new double Flieboat of 600 tunncs, and Admiral of the Flieboafs, the other a Biscain : but in the end by reason of the number that came vpon her, she was taken, but to their great Inssc: for they had lost in fighting and by drowning aboue 400 men, and of the English were slaine about 100, Sir Richard Greenuil himselfe being wounded in his braine, whereof afterwards he died. He was caried into the ship called S. Paul, wherein was the Admirall of the (lect Don Aloiiso de Ba(;an : there his wounds were drest by the Spanish surgeons, but Don Alonso himselfe would neither see him nor speake with him: all the rest of the captaines and gen- tlemen went to visite him, and to comfort him in his hard fortune, wondering at his courage and stout heart, for y he shewed not any signc of faintnes nor changing of colour ; but fi'elin;>; the houre of death to approch, he spake thetie words in Spanish, and said : Here die I Rich- ard Greenuil with a ioyfiil & quiet mind, for that I haue ended my life as a true souldicr ought to do, that hath fought for his rountrey, Quecne, religion and honor, whereby my soule most ioyfull dcparteth out of this body, & shal alwayes leauc behind it an euerla'^ting fame of a valiant ik true souldier that hath done his dutie as he was bound to doe. When he had fini.shed these or such other like words, he gaue vp the Ghost, with great & stout courage, & no man could perceiue any true signe of heaiiines in him. This sir Rich Greenuil was a great and a rich gentleman in England, & had great ycercly reuenues of his owne inheritance, but he was a man very vnquiet in his mind, and greatly nflectcd to war; insomuch as of his owne priuatc motion he ollrcd his seruiccto fhcQucene: he had performed many valiant acts, and was greatly feared in these Hands, and knowen of euery man, but of nature very scucre, so that his owne people hated him for his (iercencsse, & spake very hartlly of him : for when they first entred into the fleet or Armada, they had their great saile in a readinesse, and might possibly enough haue sailed away, for it was one of the best ships for saile in England, and the master perceiuing that the other ships had left them, & folowed not after, commanded the great saile to be cut that they might make away : but sir Rich. Greenuil threatned both him & al the rest that were in the .ship, jr if any mS laid hand vpon it, he would cause him to be hanged, and so by that occasion they were compelled to fight & in the end were taken. He was of so hard a cOplexion, that as he con- tinued among the Spanish captains while thev were at dinner or supper with him, he would carouse 3 or 4 glasses of wine, and in a brauerie take the glasses bctweenc his teeth and crash them in pieces & swalow them downe, so that ofientimes the blood ran out of his mouth without any harme at all vnto him: & this was told me by diucrs credible persons that many times stood and beheld him. The Englishmen that were left in the ship, as the caj)- taine of the souldiers, the master and others were dispersed into diners of the Spanish ships that had taken them, where there had almost a new fight arisen between the Biscains and the Portugals : while each of them would haue the honour to haue first boonlod her, so that there grew a great noise and quarel among them, one taking the chiefe ensigne, and the other the tlag, and the captaine and euery one held his owne. The ships that had boorded her were altogether out of order, and broken, and many of their men hurt, whereby they were com- pelled to come into the Island of Tcrcera, there to rcpaire thfselues : where being arriued, I and my chamber-felow, to heare some newes, went aboonl one of the ships being a great Hiscain, and one of the iVi Apostles, whose captaine was c.illed Bartandono, thnt haayd. All the rest were cast awav vpon the Hands, and oucrwhelnied in the Sea, whereby may be considered what great lo.sse and himlranrc they rcceiued at that time : for by many mens iudgemenis it was esteem- ed to be much more then was lost by their army that came for Kngland: and it may well * be th(>ught, and presumed, that it was no oilier but a iust plague purposely sent by (iod vpon the Spaniards, and that it might Iruely be sayd, the taking of the Rcucnge was iustly reuenged vpon them, and not by the migiit or Hircc of man, but by the power of God, as some of them openly sayd in the He of Terrera, that they bcleeued verily God would con- sume them, and that he tooke part with the Lutherans and hcretiks: saying further that so .soone as they had throwrn the dead body of liie Viceadnurall Sir Hichard Greenfield ouerboord, they verily thought that as he had a diucllisli failh and religion, and therefore the diucis loucd him, so he presently sunke into the holtomc of the sea, and downc into hell, where he rai.-icd vp all the diucis to the rcucnge of hisdcalh: and that they brought so great stormcs and torments vpon the Spaniards, i)c('au^e they oiicly maintained the Caiholikc & Uomish re- ligion. Such and the like blasphemies ag,iin:.| (ioil, they ceased not openly to vtier, without being reprooiied of any man therein, nor for iheir false opinions: but the most part of ihcm rather sayd and affirmed, that of truelli it must needs be so. As one of tiiosc Indian (Iccis put out of Nona Spagna, there were .'{5 of them by stornic and tempest cast away and dro\vricd in the Sea, being 50 in all; so that but 15 escaped. Of the fleet that came from Santo Domingo there were 14 cast away, comming out of the chanell of Ilauana, whereof the .\dmirall and Viceadmirall were two of them: and from Terra Firma in India there came two ships laden with golde and siluer, that were taken by the Englishmen: and before the Spanish army came to Coruo, the Ivnglishmen at times had taken at the least 20 ships, that came from S. Domingo, India, Brasilia, &c. and were all scut into England. END OF VOL. II. U. Wuoorjtii., Printer, pMctni»icr-taw, LodiIou. ■ » Spanish sMpwrdcke, Jliim, and hauing imbraccd ■led his Sonne not to take Ihou art yon^, & maycst ' (I am oHe) what become ry luuin;^ father and kinde Lc in iiicces the fMher on rh laying holdc vpon that kigh and furious, that thcv sclucs by swimming, with Ivas the Masters sonnc, and jlh the Captainc and \faster, Idc so gricuoiis a sight, spc- las the bcastlincsij and inso- pne ? Whereby may be con- jt bcholde, and by the mm liir cuuiitrcymen that as then on the Hand of Saint George ps: on the Hand of GratioAa bout diuers pieces of broken he sea was all couercti most ure ships cast away, and be- werc seene and heard to try ;i without masts, ail tome and all, there were but :i2 or 33 ■eat misery, painc and labour, ind to morrow another, next •>ayd. All the rest were cast n)ay be considered what great ens iudgemcntB it was csfeem- for Kngland: and it may well jiague purposely sent by (iod ng of the Rcuenge was iustly but by the power of God, as icleeued verily God would con- crrliks: saying further that so r Richard Greenfield ouerbooni, igion, and therefore the diiicls a, and downc into hell, where it they brought so great stormcs I'd the Cathojikc & Romish re- ed not openly to vtlcr, without His; but the most part of them re were '3~t of them by stormc 1 all; so that but IT* escaped, ast away, comming out of the were two of them: and from and siluer, that were taken by ), the Knglishmen at times had 1, 13rasiiia> &c. and were all saut «; ■\ • . 0^ i ^\ N t>