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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 22X 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 ■M «' ¥>> <■ m . hifii flV'tili O' CENTRAL EATEROfEATAL FARir BULLETIN No. 27. i ri I ; I I ^^^-"^^^BERlllEs S. ■ ;o:- JUAE, 1807 , To the Honourable The Minister of Ajrriculture. npS'!'~T^ 'r" ^''r"!'""t for your approval Bulletin No. 27 of the Fx .^1.7? / P'-^'P*^--'".? the soil and particular. re.^■u•,I;n^ tl"o nu.st succe..ful treatment to secure an abundant crop are fuly exoTu ed and re.rgjes suggested for the .nore cou.non disea J to whi U, ^'"^l^, ^e The fact that this useful fruit can be grown so universally make, it f},„ ii- IS nopeu tnat the xnformation "iven n tlii>< ImllofJn ,.;ii • i • r?faTr^*° ''"7 '''' heaiu,furf"rut;iet nj ;''{v^.:;rth"e ev rv fami v"V''T,"^ ?? ^' ^'^'^^'^ '^'"'' *''^^« «<^<^'»^ "" good rea .m why warn w atl Ir ;•;: Iv" ''^'^ "', ""^'•^ fPP'^' «^ ^^--''--'i- cluring til I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant. WM. SAUiVDERS, Ottawa, June 7th, 1897. ^^''ector Expermental Farms. !''.;fe I'' 1 :? STEA-\^^BERRIES. (By JouN Ckaio.) repeat ,„ the Allowing pa^es the d. n "''• ^"^ '^'' "«' inten. ed to «n-en bjMr.Hi]hornrifut"ntthe^f;''w'' ""'"' "" ^'^'•''^^i«« «'ready ..ne nte3tincM.ew with old tieVr;in^"''r"^'^ ?'""'^^^ •^'"^ ^^a^ lata deduced fro„, experiments, Lea b'.," on ,'"" '%'i'""'^ ^^"^'^ ^«"''^'^'--l as have come under our notice. " '^ successful strawberry culture, IN-TKODUCTION OP NEW VARIETIES. pir r^trts^s'ts/^j^^i--/- -^^''^--^ the ^rr;ir;4;"-a;^,-hn,. »^erry specialists to the public wifl. -^surance that they are pSecUf -at iv.l n fV'' >'®''''^' '^<^'«t '« conipara- ^'l^on, connnercud standards ^f ti;;' Jessie. ,• ' "".v.,,,! ftianciarcls at ..»^ while .?h:.:'::;ts'tre;;f.::^^^^^^^^^ QUALITIES OF A GOOl. VAHIKTV fristics, which stamm',-; "''"^^'''''^t'^'"'- "''''nic- alroady\,porthe Zrk "' T^^"''''"'' ^« ^•'^''^^ti^s qualities to be souZ L. ^'"""^ *''" ^'"''''•^^'^'^ this includes ff^et^tr^LftVl"^'''^ '''''''''' colour and desirable fo™ ?..,''"' •■^^^^'-■"ve ^ plant; including produc i^enet T'''^'.-''^^"'' ^'^ ^'"^ ^ew Dominion, ar. usually fimrr ,nJ ' ."^ '^^''''^'''''' ^^'^'^^'efiel,!, and the non -l.jssv kind, -vit!, -Zu? "1 ^^'''' transportation better than bmne berries w.MIn , '^"P'"''*'^*'^'- -Jettetthan dora from disease. --mmm»^. 6 wh.ylo, it is best to separato fruits into two classes, by mal width. All freecrowinc .sorts noc becrow-lefl 'r.t%"l^''Sm'thL:'\rsr ''Leh''"'" °".^ "^ Thef-la^ti'^hZl'd rcnu.red protection to each othTand ror m fo ^ i ''T'^ *'^."*' ""'^>' ^*"' Si^-*^ *'>« abundance. '^"^ *°" '^°""' *° produce fruit of a large size and in fniit' lJl^:;:;i?rs?.;::.,Ko.:^Si:?c^:r::'"'''r''y ^-p""^'^- '"--'''^^ -^f* this little e.xpensc and trouhiriLfn^ ?,''''*.*'''"" ''«'''''es can bo grown with so -pply. Much difliritfh "been e'neSL^^^^^^ ^'■^•'"'•,' ^e without a suljjdent plot for family u.se for tl,,' , Ji,? fU ."ll ', ^^ ^"""' '" keening up a strawberry in .on.e out-o^-the 'wa; co ner oTi ,dos .^e X e'all h'' ""'' IT A'""^ «trawberd?s and where they rarely cet any attenHon nf" ■ H « f ''''"^ '"'■'' '° ''* ^°''^ ''y h''"''. fruit as may ripen. ^L he^ end ^fthef bird ' ^'"^^rT' «'''^''P» t" gather such exhausted, that but little fruit is produced ^n^ fK °" ^^' P ''"'' ^'" generally be so vigour rcjuired for starting another ilanT-^H^nV ^7u^ ''''"*' «^''^^'™ P"««^^«« that up as^ too troublesome. plantation successfully, hence they are often given Httle'd,Vt?fiSSr"lsSTbi'b»t'''°''' %°[°P.°f 't'-vbenies can bogro wn with be cultivated wi^a hcS 't -ator in Xln 'o' ^ procurable, where the^rrtrclS fan,i ly of ton or twelve p.rson Cr row two h, TT, *''' 1°'" ""■ P"*'^^"^" !'<"• '^ siipplyforfromthreetofive";ek ifruitlhle V ;'*' ^''' '°",« ^'"' ^'"■'^ •"> «™''^1« cultivation given. Suppose tL plot clo en to tf? are se acted and reasonable i ! i. r ' """"»l*«l*!»tV«-i \)v nllMveil t.) t^ikn root. Stir tlic soil nccassiniially with tho oultiviitor mid Ii,.i|i (Im giimml fici' tioiii Muoils. 'I'Iib boc-oiiiI half uf thi' pint BhoiiM hu \\r\l iiiaiiiiriil aii'l laiilo.l with pdtatDi'x, and after ihcsi- arc ihii,' in tlic fall thd luiiil Hhiiiild lie |p|r|)aiil 1 iiiiiii;,' in tho follow iiii,' niiiinK. I'lants of thi' h^Ht iiuality oan Im ohtainiMJ fiom losu hiat (dantcd for this niMjond (dot. I>y following this sjulini u fidl croi) of fi nit Ciiii III,' ^iillu'rcd in aliont foniticii nionlhs fpoiii the tiniu of plaiitinj^. "Ah soon an thu h.^rriet aro piokcd.pliMiudi up thr first plttiitatiim.add nmnuro and a).'ain preparo tho land for planting thu followinj,' npring. lUit one crop of frnil '\» takun fioin thu pliiilH and less time is reipdrfil in putting out u new plot every Hpiiiig thill in eleaning out the ohl ono. With thi^ method there is no di(li< ulty in keeping n|) a supply of strong and vigorous plants for 'eplanling— a most important point in snecessful st.aw hei ry eldture. A plantation can ho made to hear well for several seasons hy oh'Uiliig out till' rows as soon as the last ftiiit is gathered, oulling Ihcni down to ahout six in.hes in width and giving thorough enltivation until the aiiluinn ; hut more experience is reijiiired to manage tho plants under this mellio.l than with the renewal plan. "One row eaeh of the following varieties i— Crescent, Wilson, Wai Held and I'aiker Ivule will make a eolleetion that will give n suooession of fri'it for a month in a favour- uMe siason. In any locality where oilier sorts are kn vn to succeed aiiil are more easily ohtained, they can he used in place of those named. It is of great importan''e to procure plants as near home as possilile, or from tho«e who will take much care in Jiicking them. Failure is often due to the careless handling of the plants while out of the ground or to want of care in packing them. I'LANTIS'O. t. 1> ft. t Af iph ot i im c u :erthe land has heen well preimred, mark ofT with a corn marker, or stretch aline tilt hy. 'I'ake pains to have the rows straight ; it adds to the a|ipiNirance of the iiid time is iilsosavcil in the cultivation. Trim nil' all dead leaves and old runners llie plants ; shorten tlie roots to three or four inches, keep them moist and where cannot rcmdi llieiii while out of tho groiiiiil. When planting, make a hole (Iri'p enough to admit the roots without douliling them up. Take the plant in the left hand, placi^ the crown on a h'vel willi the surrounding soil, sjiread the runts out fan shaped, till ill the soil, woiUiiig it in among tliem, and jiicss so liiiuly that hy gi\ iiig a (|uick jerk on a leaf it will break oil" witlioiit iiioviug the plant. Only jilaiits of tho previous year's growth should he Us<'d. l'"ig, 1 shows the correct way of setting tlio plant. Jii lig. 2, tho roots are all in a hunch instead of heiiig spreail out evenly as in lig. 1. They cannot, therefore, make such a vig.nous growth. When jilanted too deep, as in lig. o, they arc nearly always siiiothereil and will rot oil' at the crown. In lig. 4, tlie crown is above the IcMd of tlie surioiinding .«oil and therefore too high. When thus planted llicy ^'eni'iallv wither and die in a few days." AN' KXI'KKIMKNT I\ SKTllVfi P, AVTS. In .settinfj out the new ])l:iiitatioii in the fall of H'.'O, two niotliods of phinting wei'o adopted. Halt" tlie number of plants of each variety wefe planted in tho ordinaiy way, that is by ( 1 ) making a hole deep enough to admit the roots without doubling them up, then spreading them carefully in all directions a.s; much as po.ssihle, filling in the soil by h^nd, taking cure to ciimpact it tirmly ; (2) by setting them in a cleft made with a spade. To do tlii.s the sjiade ■was stn ''k into the ground acio.ss tho line of the row. Into this cleft the roots were inserted fan-shaped, and spread as much as the opening would admit, and the earth then packed well about th^m. This method rofjuires a man and boy — the fo'-mer to operate the spade, the latter to set the plants — and is much more rapid than the old style. Results secured were : 1. A perfect stand of plants was obtained from both methods. 2. No difference in the health and vigour of the plants cumjirising the two sets was noticed. Tlif >ul)..sijili.r f(,ll( iiwiiig till' iilduffl I I m spring pliinting. I'll, itdgmphfrl^ July 4th. H- H" C..,n,n..roial g,ou,.,-.s , ' i . . ^^- "I "'""'« •"'■""-■'■'al H,tn.,u,i.,ns Hlun«sidoug,u.d.Mii.e ^ msuncos, .stroi.g trowLs, an.J j.lan. I'ig. i.'. '•|«. 4. (•i'r,Ti\ n'liiv. W'licn these ^'(.iMiiiM "Nearly all K(m1h are full of wee.l Hee,ls groumi, enhivali,,!, .sl,„„M W^i,^ V,^,^^l^ "(.'''i'; ;'"7" K".Mm, ,(e a,,,, „|.|.ear .1 w.v,1m, ami .luring (Irnuulit will LMse KM, ^ "^ ^'"' «"" "''1 '''•«! "V H.e.ti '"'"H.,lia(elv ,„.,„„„l ,|u, i,la,U. eio i . H. '.' """^ '"" '''''''" ""' '"•^'"' tl"^ ■-"I ^Hl.c'IIISfl. the pla,„s s„ ,.,„el, as ,l,e .,n re,K ^, f ' "^;„ .^.r.^L "; ^'^^.^^ f--"'M M-tinjure, ".U..ryfr,„n,l.i«..a„.e. ()V( (r v !■ ^ L ^T' /' "l'^^ '•"'-' "'^1 '" pr.ne,,, i„« f ' ' ■■■ •• *^' ""■'II.V„P'-V'.'l<.s t.H. closely aiul .loos not ailinit na.ly e,,o„„, ,.. either «oii or , a^ !3,^" '"" ■■':'^" >' '":;'' ''"- "'"^ "it -' fn'.'/cs n. ,1h, an(,„„n sullieie^ly hi, , ' /' •\ ''',''r'>' '^""'•, ^^^ «""" "h the khhu,.! l"o„gl, ll„.er„.s(, ,he nuileh s.i I, ,',:"": '''"«'- ■■""! wa,^n,n fron, hreaki,,,, ..■lwe..n tl,.. row. with ,j„., e„o„S ,m L ov e^ l"^ ' '■ ,„a,erial sl.ouM he ,,lae,.;i ''•-;. ''■UM. liefor.. «ro„,h h,..i,?s i,/ / £ r Jn '"'">" "T^^ '""'"■ """' ^'".llot a re,Main between ,|„, Tou.s ,„ .T.'l f '"; '■'■'r'"'« "" '''"'" ^Ik" [.lanls ^^•rvos(h,Mri,,le,,,np,,se.,f k,.epi,, ' ,i i ' -i''' '.'"' '"'"■" «''th..re,l ; i thus '"'^';" .^'•-■'•tl'''M-l,ur<,K;(|,'r;ii Iv V '■ "'"■"'" r'!" '^"'1 -^uses it also lo l"'-'i;|otion of a lar^e .rop .,f f,',it ^ '" "" **^^^«<"'--wh.eh i.s all i,„port;au to the tmn ,^.iven. Th„ noil l.ec.V.uV v i.Z , I'T'' '!' "'"'""i ""'' ^■■■'■>' "''■■^""»- ••"''-- I'.seapeafrost, wluMMhe lau.l s t uUJ |^^^' ^ -'"'. "'- ''los^oms often coiisuiorahio extent. I'talc.l, which woiil.l otherwise injure them to n , MlLCItlVO KXPEUIMKNT. iiliy it is unneoos , ■ ^ '"'^'"; l"iri;icuiarly in localities wl.ere tlie ^. ^11 uit Mil (jt i,sy.i an oxperuiiont n nuileliin. iviiig Winter |ir.)tection— w fesuItN as si town below avo in fi as tried on soil of tliis d fcasion- that ivour of non IllUlcl'l ns.jription. The 'ig. Half of the planta m t 1 11 ■'"UliJiMlii^Aj^^i^ai^Mrii*^, 10 of each row made up of the followinp! varieties was covered witli wheut straw after the surface gi'ouiid was stifl'ened by frost in tiie autumn : — \'arii'tv. Condition, Mulched. Sprinpr, 1S!)4. Not niulflie*!. Royal Hautbois lA to i killed. . . i killed. Miilor'., Sfi'dliiip, O. 2 iUo J " ...'l " I'iiii'applo J " . . . ,i Wartield No. L> B('lnu)iit.. Coliauiiick TO •••10 i : ;;;!S : The uninulclied plants appeared to he stronjjor in the spring tlian those mulched. Later in tlie sunniier there was httle dilFeronce. It is undoubt- eiliy safer, notwithstanding the above results, one year with another, to cover the plants. Last winter was fatal to pluiils in nearly all unprotected bi'ds in the Ottawa Valley. lil.OSSOMS. " Strawlierry blossoms are dividoil into two classes, 1st, bi- sexual or pi rft'ct. 'I'liese contain stamens r)r nialo oi-g.-ins, and pistils or fL'Mialo orjians, as in Fig. f), lience are called peifoct or tiisoxual, inai-kod thus (H). 2nd, pistillate or imperfect, which contain pistils only, or female organs, as in tig. 6. "Pistillate varieties usually yield the largest crops of fruit when properly fertilized. Tliis may be ctt'ected by planting one or more rows of a perfectllowering sort to every iodr or live rows of those with imperfoct blossoms," Fig 5. Bi-sexual. GENERAL RKMAUKS. Among the many errors which beginners in strawberry growing may fall into, none is attended with more serious conseijuences than that of limiting a plantation to a single variety, and that one not bi-sexual. At the beginning of the picking se;ison last year, I was requested by a young strawberry grower in this vicinity to visit and examine his grounds for the purpose of investigating the cause of the unproductiveness of his Fig. 6. Pistillate, thrifty plants. As the phints wei'e in tlower it required only a glance to arrive at a solution of the problem. The plants were nearly, if not quite all of a pronounced pistillate type. Therefore the unf ruit- fuliiess was due to the inability of the blossom to fertilize itself. He was advised at onoe to replace every third or fourth row with a strong growing free producer of pollen like Capt. Jack, New Dominion, Beder Wood or Williams. It is well known that the pistillate varieties uni'.er favourable circumstances are the most prmluctive, and the mi.stake came about in thi.s instanc?, by the grower making up his new plantation entindy of the variety which had been most productive in the old. Another p'int which it is well to remember in commercial Ijerry growing, is that tlie early berries are by far the most profitable. It is not here, meant to convey the idea that the earliest varieties bi'ing the most nioney because these are often comparatively unproductive, but rather that the plantation furnishing the bulk ©f its berries in the fore part of the season, is far more profitable than n '4 berries it is therefore cxtro.^olvf ^ ., ^" ^•''""^'ng a location for straw- is warm and early tl.ou''i'wS S^^^^ strawberry plant re-juire's a „' do f ^ "f ''"'^ "] "'"'"'""' '^^^•'■^"'^^ 'he growers Jontinuo tl e pkntui n J 1 '""'"'■' ''• ^''r^"" ''"^^- ''^'""^ account of the habit of the ol'^.mt ^"'y'- '" ^''" ^''"•^ P''^^'" "" than young plants A differem?. nf . "''"'""? "'"f ^''"'^ -"'owh' t earlier aflectJthe^Lncial r^:}f^Z^::i::,;;^ ^'"'"^ '^'^^^ '" ^-- «^ -1'--. SINGLE CROP SYSTEM. takrng'Snl^te^c'i.op rfr:[;^;,l°:'>: -'^"-^ ^!^ Ontario, the practice of plants are set in i!,^sn7lr^^^^^ 'I'bo apart in the row The Cu'nd is Tl :" ^'1 "'T T^ '' '' ^'^ '"'^^-^ weeds by running the cuSor I, .' sorupulou.sly clean and free from abouts, till the UM^I. le orirusfc ?L bl ° ""'' ''''' " '"''^ '' *''-- and the runners are cut oKn^ili'^ir 7'"' ''''■' '''"'°^'"^' '^^ ^''^y-'^PP^'^'' season, if a satisfactory growth "ns bee Z"?" .?'''''• ^^ *^'" "'"^ °^ *^he a width of about 18 ind,e7 y n' „., . ■''"' *''°. ™^' ^"' '"^^« ^"ained unchecked ^vlllexceecltl^vidthMal^'T. ''T''"'- '^ '^""^"' ^° '^^ some protecting ,nate,..-a s necess.r J " ' P''-"'' '" *''" '■"^'^"'™ ^'^'^ Quebec, particuLarly on soils iSri «"'^.'=f^'» eastern Ontario and where ille snow t^Z U., i^^^ ^ thawing in spring and far T^" ,?'??•'' '^^^ ^J^ct to frequent freezing and straw during tJ,e\iknse.so to '^"l "^'"f^ '^'"'^^'■'^ '"^^ mulched\ith County, OnUrio,^a cov% sTwelT tnl r? ^'^'"''\ In Prince Edward followedbyad.essinrof b.rV 1 '''' '^°*" ^^'^^ * ^oed crop and ing for str'awberries ' Wit 'tL croroT'LTt'-'T"'"''^'' 'r^^^ "^ P^P- turnedunderandthegrounLeedelLi! J ;i. r *''° P''''"^^ ^'^ lowing a system of this Linr^ A- • ' '" f''" ^^'"-''^^ ^^'^h clover. Fol- provide hin^sel with plant the 'ro'"^'r ""'^" "'"'^ ''^P'""'- ^^ ^^^^^ ^o in which the variet st pop tefto cultiS: ' '""" °'' '«- P<''-™nt bed selves. This insures t.Iin/«Tr^,2f cultivate are grown m blocks by them- mingling of b rxual ;tamin.t '^ ""'T rn' '""^^'^^ ''■^" ^^ '"'-^ke the proper it appea'-rs r.^e:^}^:^:^:'::^^^^:::'^'^^^- Thi. syste.n,'wlfi.e ravages of white grub%,nd in urv bfln f ? . f "'"''^' '"'' ^™"' '^e injurious the second year Tefruft ?.]","'"''' ^••? /"-^^^-^tly most plants, though slightly later thnVl I ''Yf' '"''' «>•»'«•• on young also usually Ls injS^^rwintTr tirt^-o^eL-Ss. """'''''' ''-^' ^^ RKNEWINO OLD BEDS. folS:inr.SLh^^'s"sooVr";l^"' ^^ ''^"^^^ !"^ ^^•■-•'-•'•y ^^^^ by the which was placed bftweeTthe Iws Z-in. ??""• \'' """^^ ^^^ ^"'^^ interspaces with well rotted n fnnrJ f \^ P'^""'"" '«''^''^"' ^''ess the rate of 100 bushels per ace If S«f Tr' ^^ '^^^' "'^'"^ *''« better at the manureitshouldberelw'led ntothesol '7^' 1 '\' "^'"''^ "^ «^''''« fertilizer, cultivate, or rake in 11"^!! H ' 't ^«°^ /^'^''^^ o'" ^ commercial spaces. By the middle of September^ H.! '''^ ^''' '"""^"-^ '"^^ t''"'^-^ firmly rooted. A line should then b. «^ T?^, P'*""*^' ^^" '>^^'« l^«^'^™e separating the old pintrf m ^e Lriv! h a"=" "f ' ""^ °' ^'^^ ^•^-' knife follow the line cuttin ^ 1 1 ^ -r- 1 Ft. 180-11 IS! in ISIHI IS'.Ki P. ^ P. P. P. 'p-nglSiK) ;, do 189:5 May 3(1.. | (uiui 2.')...Tuly 11.. do 20.. do 2.. do 18.. do «.. do 20,. do (i.. (iO ' 17 d,, (JO (iO 30 \) do do ISiKl do 1894; do 25 . do 25.. •$ Anna l''i>ivst 8 Australian Kverboaring — isix; B. May ISilo' ilo 30.. do 24.. do »).. 30 2, ■ Albert IWIIl P. do ISill) .luno f)..! Inly 2.. do 11.. .50 2) A fVi ^ A- IS'tti' P. P. It lio IS! 15 do 1895 do 1893 May 22.. do 25.1 luno 20.. do 22.. do 25.. do . do 0.. do 11.. .50 30 (JO 4: A ill IS'IH' 4 Uflniont du Jo 1S')4! 10 isiin ISIM) H. P. do 189:51 do I8it:5 May 29 1 do :51.. do 2il . 00 2 do 24., Inly 2 . I'll) i^ Black (liant IS'.M P. do 189:5 do 25. . do 3.. 1)0 8 do 1 81)5 P. do IsiKli May 28.. do 29.. . . . . 1 ISIHI 18i)4 1 m li. P. P. P. do 18!)3 do 1S93 do 25. . lune 22.. do 18 . do 20.. Inly 11.. do 4.. do 2.. fiO 00 lio 301 'do do 1893 do 1893 May 25.. do 22.. 38 do . ISllli 8A Bi'dor Yn'uoJ ISiH P. do 189:5 do 23., do 11.. ()0 29S 17,? ;5ii. do isa") H. do 18it3 May 25.. do 18.. .Tune 28 . 1)0 do IS! Ill 15. do 1893 do 23.. do 13 . July 11.. 00 Beverly do • 1S04 B. do 1893 do 26, . do U.. 110 1 S!)") B. do 18!13 May 25.. do 22. . do 2.. (10 9. da ISill) '!S!I() IS'U B. P. P. P. do 1893 do ISilo do 18i)3 do 24, do 24.. do 20.. do 20.. do 25.. do 20. do (i. do 1»>.. do 11.. do 9.. (>0 30 (it) 00 9. lMt(^ynl.) U 35)) do ilSDf) do 1893 May 27.. 11 do I^M) P. do 1S!13 do 26. .lo 20.. do 11.. ()0 11:/ 23.( Uuliaeh IH04 B. 1 .K) l.vXi do 22.. do 11.. (10 do '1895 B. do 1S93 May 23 . ,lo 22.. do 2.. ()0 do 'lS9fl B. do ISiM do 25.. do 22., Juno 27 . . ()0 Boeclier, H. W I89() B. do lS!i:. .hine 1.. do 24.. July 11.. 30 '■1 Brandywine liissel I89(.) B. do 1S!I5 May ;50.. do 27.. do t).. ,50 i4 i ISill \'. do 1S!I5 do 25.. do 22. do 11.. :5o Buster, or No. .")ii 1891 P. do 1895 do 31.. do 2t.. do 11.. 30 1. d Buruetto ' ISill P. do 1895 do 31 . . do 27.. do 2.. 30 Barrv ;i8!)l 18!)l do 1 ','15 do 31 do 150 :5o B. do 18!I5 do 23.. 3 do ;50. do 24.. do 11.. 30 t^ lieebo 11891 ilo 1895 do 25 . . do 24.. ;5o 2 Cojjansiek 189- B. do 1895' do 28,. July li.. 00 11:^ do ISitr H. do 1893 May 27.. .Ic 29.. do 9.. 1)0 V do K9I 15. P. do 18931 do 25.. do 18931 do 24.. do 22.. do 11.. do 11.. 00 (10 1.^ Crescent 1 A'M 40 do 'ISiK ) P. ■ lo 1893; May 25. do 20.. do 9.. 1)0 ,SU do 'IS9( . P. do 18931 do 25. do 18.. do (). liO 18 Canieroniim ,18i)- B. do 1S93 . do 22. do 11. .1 30 13 C;iiiirhall Seedling . isgtii P. do 189 ■) .Tunc 1 . . do 27. . do 11. . 1 :50 •it 3h ChiUi's First; C>eason . ISiW U. ilo iS9 -, do 5. . do 22. .do (i. . I oO Cardinal . 189G B. ;.. do 4 , ','» 25.. .Inly 11.. 2(i.. do !!.. 20. .to *» 22.. do *> 25., do 11 18.. 4, do Kentucky Klickita JjOK-'VU d.) do Loader do do Loril SiiHlcld. . . . Lovctt Liixton's \o. 1 . Muoro's I'rulilic. do mm 1800 180(') jl89l jisur. IIS'JC !18'J4 1S!)5 18;i(; ISilli I8!i(; 18110 18!M 18% Mammoth ,1894 do 18!t.-) . . . • 18'J0 do Miller's S.'.'dliiig.O. -2. do do ...'1S!I4 . . I8nr> . . . 1890 Molinnor Stone's No. 0r).,il8',Ml' Miller's Se.'dliiig U. il.... 1891' do .... 189r>' Mrs. Cleveland 1894 do 1895 do 1890 Middlefield 1 1894 do 11890] Martha ;1894l do 18951 do 1890 Mineola 1890: Mary , 1890 Margaret 1890 Maple liaiik 1890 ^^onarch of the West 1890 Marshall 1890 Micanor il894 do |1895 do 1890! ^'orMlan 1894! do 1895. Now Douiiniou 1894! do 1895! do :1890 Noble 1890 Osceola 1894 do 1895 do 1890 Orange County . . 1S9G Ostego 1890 Oregon Everbearing . ... 1890 Pearl 1894 do 1895 do 1896 Pine Apple 1894' do 1895 do 1890 Prince of Berries 1894 do 1895 do |1890' Parker Earle |1894 do |1895 When Planted. Date of BloNsoin- ing. Date of First Picking. P. n. h. I'.. p. 15. U. I*. B. B. B. B. B. B. 15. B. B. B. B. B. 15. 15. ]'. 1'. v. V. V. p. p. p. p. p. p. 1". p. 15. 1'. 15. B. B. 15. P.. 15. B. 15. B. B. B. 15. B. B. P. P. B. B. B. B. 15. B. B. B. B. 15. B. B. do do do do do .lo do do do do do do do' ■ do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Seneca (^uee do do Sliirts... do .... do ... Standard. . do do .... >Sliai'|iles.s. . do .. do . . . ; Sliiiclilcss. .. do .. do . ., Shu.ster's (Jen Swia \ 'Ji When Plautoil. Date of iug. les. Date I Date ,,.*,'™' I Last I j= iickiiig. I Picking. to ri If SrRAwnERRiEs— Test of Varieties. Variety. West RpK.k ilSOf)' W( stliVHIl do ilo Wdston. Williams • lo do Wilson , , jlo Wudlvcrtoii. do do Yiilo do do Young's Si'i' 1001 do do 18!H 18i).j IHUtJ 18'J(i !l8!»4 iWJoi il8U6^ 1 1894 i 181)0 i8iH;; 18!t» 1895 181Mi 18!)4 1890 1890 1890 1894 1895 1890 H. do U. ' do 1$. I do 15. I do P. Sp'ng | ilo PHOnrCTIVK V.MilKTIKS. The fiillowing varibtics aro ainuiig the mast prodiictivo of tho-e wliicli have been uiuler test for live or more years. The best of tliese aro marked thus* pimtill.ut;, *Crescent, Bartons, *Boynton, *Bubach, *HaverlaiKl, Martha, Seneca Queen, •Stayoians No. *Wartielii, Windsor Chief, BI-SE.\UAL, (PERFKCT.) *Beder Wood, Beverley, Jas. Viciv, *S('\v Dominion, *Pariier Earle, Van Deman, =i-\Villiams. EAKLY VARIETIES. LATE VARIETIES. Beder Wood, B. Boynton, P. Crescent, P. Leader, B. ^liss Cleveland, P. Pearl, P. Scarlet Ball, B. "Wilson, B. Wartield, P. Haverland, B. JIartha, P. Parker Earle, B. New Dominion, B. Seneca Queen, B. Sharpless, B. Shuckless, B. Williams, B. m * s" 3 a ^ Uh -^ M > — 1, ^ a ^ •^ ^ ^t. 42 319 174 20.? 17 »l f! ^v.i?-'.-.^,'; •"'I "ii'litli.siiftcri.laiitiii- I'lint,,.. '•:il'li''il. .(lily .Itli, Thompson's Latp. 17 •'"^•t'vo than the p,-,?,. t I ^'•"*';"'J"' ^''"•'^'ti<'s us a r I . .^ ""'' ""'« selections a Huital.l,. , , , """"'red ki.uk Hy „L, : '"' '"^" ,'"""' I'ru- ''ISTII.I.ATK. Rissel, 'ireenvillp, 'nioinpsotis Lute, Uuater, 'Scarlet Ball, "'■•^ '•'•'' I- Ar.,(j.KliFJ.XT.) J!"lt (W,u.) ^i'lcshull, T.'iine8.spe Prolific. Clmrlie. VAn:mKsPonTnR„oM.o..nE:.. keep HI ,„,„,]. The follmvi, ''"*'^t..ssent.al to standpoint:-. -^ ^'*'""W« fruiu the amateur Pearl. standpoint; Poarl, ■Manila, I'lince of Berries, Gn^cnville, TiuiLrell, jBuhach, Belle, I5iandywine, L'overjjr. COMMEROUr, VARIETIES OLO AND NEW. I I To comply with the demands of ,u coimnereal "rowpr n „ ".^'n'l'iaa of the good frro^vet Z '. f'"'*^ """«> ^^ » fruit firn, enou^h^ o "J '"' """^ P''^^^^^ ^^jj enough to bear tranaportation -ieties at th« p^^Hj^' Kef ShT light in colour ,u u '"^^^'' ^^^^ '-iiid in southern Ont^' o Lt i f '' P"'"*^ tipped." Michol AT^lt ■' ^ ,''^*^° " ^^hit« affost barren o^uS;':orr^%^ ^Tl extandij^g over three ^"1; ;^tf nl "^^ locllity ^''"'^"'"^ ^^ -'^'•t^'l««3 in this Haveriand. I u IIUIKK VOTi:,S OF SOMi: IJlAIUVr. VAHIKTIKS. nEDKR Wood n._TV,. is valu.l.l.. as a pull..ni/.or. Tt is mrfv an.l pro ' > <■ ivo, iM.t il,„ l„.rn.s are scarcely (inu e.-.ugl. to «tam] alapiufnt, well •*»■*.. Bednr Wood. III.. fj.!i Beverly, H, — A strnns: irrowor with liyht mlonrofl Uh^o. Fruit stalk.s long and hUhh. il.^ny, inr.jmiu lu jaiy... n.ui.di.sl, cninc.l. lij.i ,td, .scfds deeply set, rather snt't, .piaiiiv -,'(j.m|. An anmtcur vari-'iv -nw'''''rr^.//~~,'''"'"'""! '""" •'^- ^''•'^^^■^/"•J. Cuyalu.ga, Ohio. Planted spnng ut l,S;tii. It proved a jxior fjrower tho llrst year. The next season it ;;re\v much more vigorously and sliowed a greater disposition to form ruimeiu Fruit medium size conical, crimson, firm, fair (juality ; somotimea it has a hard core. Tho f(illou in.,' year and since that time it has been a pnjduetive viiriety, but not an ideal market berry, being rather small and not vo"v attractive. BuBACn, P. — This is essentially an amateur variety. The berry is large, mo(]orately firm, is handsome and of fair (luality. The blossoms usually have a number of stamens. The plant iloes not make runners freely. It succeeds well in the " Plill " system. Crawford. — Has been highly spoken of, '"' ^• but here it has been soft in texture and unproductive, though excellent in '[uality. Gandv, B. — Blossoms and fruits late, but like most of this class is unproductive. Martha, P. — A fair to strong grower, berries medium, conical, dark orimso!!, modo-ately firm, fair quality, season medium to late. Fruit stalks -ii," sler^'f :• and drooping, necessitating canful mulching. ^TT'-•.•,LSPIELD, P.— This is of the New Dominion type of berry. The foliage i li";.l thy and i' -. a fair grower. Berry roundish conical, bright glossy J. -id ivith promiL .at light coloured seeds, quality good, mid season or late. parlr and pro iliipiUL'iit, Well Fruit, stalks lio. Planted I excellent in this class is conical, dark Fruit stalks , The foliage iright glossy in or late. m viy-.nuH, almoHt tfn, much ^.. |,t.. .,f . i '"■"''' '"'* T'"" P'^^vnt !s lionloaux mixture. ' '' ^""""'"' '''"' ^'"'"''' '"' ^l"')-'^l with -^-v -r I A,#«< Wuifiuld. wurthloss by •lime stations, lil;iiii. iitirry as :m rxticmoly ;iuwer '-Try is uioiliiini tn small, miv soft iiHiuliL'akliyi.lunt. lii-iry cunicil. Parker I"'urIo. .^TAVMAv'.s No. 1, p. - Althnugh roportod as hen. ,t has ,!,„,,. w..|l us rnganls yidd ..f Iruit and lu-altl, uf m-dunn .,«.d, hnud.t hmI. linn, ,,„alitv fair „ 1 ' ' Vav Dkm.v, I!.. -T,,is ,,us 1 ..-Hidelv .ulvcrtisod prudiictivt' aiK v,i uahlc vnii'iv (fl,, •' '"''^' "''•". .^ and iif jioor (lualitv. Waufikm,, F.-1a xi-.,rou« dark crimscin, medium «ize, acid and firna. A goixl point aliuut this variety is tluu the last pickings are nearly as good .i.s the first in re- gard to the size of the herries. Williams, B.— Foli- age lioavy dark (■olourcd, a strong grower. P.orries Will Woolvertoii. large, cornea , dark red, sometimes irre.^ular wedge. haped.lirm, of fair ..uality. In ee;"^,^ oc.J.t es growers con.pluin that this variety lias a hard core and a •' ■ hite tip " ^^ OOLVKKTON, B.-Tl.. ,as tho same type " tohageas Bubach anu like that vj^ !"•"< iu^'es few runners. Berry kin^e li,™ ng caretul mulching to prevent the berries trum becoming -'.sanderi.- This variety was ™ very generally in tJie Ottawa VHlliy^ •i 20 ». ! Among varieties of more recent introduction, the following appear to bu the best as tested here : — = i r J3is.sia, P.— Plant vigorous. Berry large, sharply conical, dark red, fairly firm ; (luality not above medium. This should he carefully tested by coni- mercial growers. Bvsrm, P.— Also a vigorous grower. Berry large, conical, light red, m xler- ately hrin, rather acid m character. Season, medium to late. Fruited 189G-97. iJicryr (Wm.), Jl— Plant vigorous and healthy. Picking season extend,? over a long perioil. Berry medium size, conical, bright crimson, firm, fair quality. Appears U) he worthy of trial for commercial purposes. Bii.WDvwiNi:, B.— Only a fair grower. Bt-rry large, roundish, dark crim'^on, hrm, good quality. This is a distinct acquisition as to quality. I'urther trial is needed to determine its productiveness. Charlie, P.— A strong gi'ower, with healthy foliage. Fruit. stalks long. Berry medium size, conical, bright scarlet, mo(len..ely firm, fair quality. Cr.AHK.s Early, B.— Fair grower; good foliage. Berry lar-o, oblate, dark red. glossy, firm, good quality. This at first gave every indication of productiveness, but failed late in the season. Ghekwille. p.— A strong giuwor. Berry medium size, round, crimson, attractive ; good quality, but soft. It has not iicen productive. ]^)iii\.soN, B.— Vigorous. Berry medium size, conical, dark red, moflerately firm. Rather acid in quality ; produces an aljundance of pollen! Kio, L. — loliMge healthy. Berries large, light red, part from the calyx readily ; quality good. Home use. ScAHLET Ball, B.— A particularly strong grower, with long leaf and truit stalks. Thus far it has not been affected by rust or mildew. Berry large, round, light red, firm, good quality, sometimes unevenly coloured Apparently a worthy late variety. Te\\,:ssi:i-; PiiOLiiic, B.— A strong healthy grower. Berry medium size conical, bright glossy red, firm, fair quality. Of considerable merit for market purposes. TiioMPsov's Late, P.— A good grower. Berries, small, conical, firm, fair quality. Ihis should be thoroughly tested in a commercial way, givin" it rich soil and good cultivation. TiMBRELL has been much advertised ; unfortunately the plants set out three years ago, owing to an accident, did not fruit the following season. Last year the crop was small in the aggregate although a few plants gave evidence of groat productiveness. The berries ripen unevenly, and while farm-fieshed and of fine quality, are very unattractive in colour. It would seem to be worthy of a place in the amateur's garden, but does not com- mend Itself to the commercial grower. DISEASES. ^LEAP BLiGUT : BUST. {Sphaerella Fragariae,, Sacc.) The round purplish or reddish-brown spots which appear on the leaves of strawberry plants during the growing season and in greatest abundance just after midsummer, are the evidence of the presence of the above injurious fungous disease. The spots, at first small and few in numlier increase in size till the entire leaf is involved, and the foliage shows the eftcct ot the parasite's presence by shrivelling and withering. This loss of foliage IS a very serious matter, often coming early enough to materially lessen the crop, and taking place at a time when the plant should be making new runners for the next year. The fungus is carried over winter by means ot spores and by means of mycelium (representing the vege; .tive portion of the parasite) contuined within the leaves. Some varieties are affected much more than others. It has been generally noted that strawberries are affected to a greater exten" ' " ' sandy soil than on clay loam. S'ow York 'nul'irifIl°"Mi'°«''''' ""' two following cuts by Messra. Maouullan & Co.. of M-w loiK, piibiishors of tlie Spraying Book. ^J P.iss,.!. Belt (^-1 %i-l Ili< extent when the berries are ripening flowers of sulphur niaj' be used advantagcfiusly. When this is scattered between the plants, the fumes given off under the action of the sun's rays, have a preventive action upon the growth of the fungus.