^a^ ":^ai %^. o^. %^^^\% IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) y:^ A <? i/i fA \\J |io * I.I 1.25 2.8 M 2,2 I '- IIIIM mm U i 1.6 % ^ / y] ^? ^%.,%> >, ^ ^ / % > //a ''^ '/ ^^i^^vns^ ^-'.Vt> ^1>;^ <^i; CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 1980 Technical Notes / Notes techniques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Physical features of this copy which may alter any of the images in the reproduction are checked below. 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The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —»> (meaning CONTINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. The original copy was borrowed from, and filmed with, the kind consent of the following institution: Library of Parliament Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites a/ec le plus grand soln, compte tenu de la condition et de la netteti de I'exemplaire film6. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Un des symboles sulvants apparaTtra sur la der- nidre image de cheque microifiche, selon le cas: le symbole —^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grfice d la g6n6rosit6 de I'dtablissement prdteur suivant : Bibiiothdque du Parlement 4 Maps or plates too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes ou les planches trop grandes pour dtre reproduites en un seul clich6 sont film6es d partir de Tangle sup6rieure gauche, de gaurhe d droite et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Le diagramme suivant illustre la mdthode : 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 No. 9. ' i INFORMATION FOR THE ELECTORS. OUR IMPORT TRADE. COMMERCIAL RELATIONS WITH BRITAIN AS AFFECTED BY THE TARIFF. IMPORTS OF RAW MATERIALS-CONSUMPTION OF TEA AND SUGAR— HOW THE NATIONAL POLICY HAS PRO- MOTED HOME INDUSTRIEa Opponents of the National Policy base much of their criticism upon the figures relating to the foreign trade of Canada. If they would deal honestly with the returns, there would be no cause for complaint, because interesting knowledge of the working of the present fiscal system can be derived from the statistics of our import and export trade. But the hostile critics ignore in all criticisms two material considerations : (1) the decline in the price of all commodities since 1878, which affects the aggregate value of foreign trade, and (2) the changes which have occun*ed in the character of our imports, to some of which latter we pro- pose briefly to allude. The total value of imports into Canada during the five years of Liberal rule, and during the last five years of National Policy, has been — h Ji ! ' f;i I. 2 VALUE OF •^f' - Liberal Period. at .1874 $128,213,582 ..tt-,, 1875 123,070,283 ,,^,.,1876 93,210,346 '1877 99,327,962 ^ 1878 93,081,787 IMI '. ( :( v.OirfJ >tfw $536,903,960 IMPOETS. r ' i Conservative Period. vt 1886 $104,424,561 ,. 1887 112,892,236 ,^ 1888 110,894,630 1889 115,224,931 1890 *.... 121,858.241 • i: $565,294,599 So that even upon the face of the returns the exhibit is altogether favorable to the existing policy. The purpose of the National Policy was two-fold : to produce an adequate public revenue pnd to promote home industry. That the first object has been at- tained is well-known, the finances of Canada having continued in a most prosperous condition since 18*79. The progress in the dii'ection of encouraging home industry is in some degree set forth in the following statement of imports of raw materials, the figures being taken from the official returns : — ? IMPOET OF EAW MATEEIALS. \','--A^v: ;»:.i^<;t;::' 1879. Coal $ 3,054,846 Raw cotton , Lumber Rags Iron, pig Lead, pig Steel rails Zinc Broom corn India rubber Raw furs Grease Guns Hemp Hides Ivory nuts Raw silk Wool Settlers' efiects... Raw tobacco Coin and bulliou. Tinplates Raw sugar... 'Tl^n^?c■^) '«' 774,703 205,984 92,179 488,824 85,654 1,334,163 72,378 89,954 187,234 142,899 89,275 39,229 278,299 1,207,300 26,197 82,004 1,106,210 803,506 711,129 803,726 85,156 40,939 $11,751,788 . 1890. , $ 8,258,030 3,761,776 477,707 227,400 1,137,312 284,246 2,251,930 92,530 97,527 563,278 396,178 154,855 149,508 774,587 - ,^., 1,709,751 ^' 188,845 'T» t J 192,824 ^ jj^ 1,729,056 1.810,218 1,344,780 1,083,011 1,175,028 5,362,121 $33,222,498 , . . St). If; ■■■i 8 '• ... The import of the articles above enumerated is to-day about three times as great as twelve years ago. Apart from three items — settlere* effects, coin and bullion, and steel rails — every article mentioned has to undergo the process of manufacture in Canada before becoming ready for the market, in which opera- tions tens of thousands of artisans are employed. The manufac- turing business of Canada to-day, measured by the importations of raw materials, not a bad test, is about three-fold as large as when the Liberal party went out of power, a growth due almost entirely to the adoption of a protective tariff. ,, ,...^., ^ ,. ^ The consumption of tea affords a good indication of the pro- gress of Canada in wealth and population, and as the article has to be imported, the Trade Eeturns give us the exact figures bear- ing on the point. Here they are : — *^ . "" ..-, '>'■" ^>5v•:--^.i•• ;■ ': iMPOETS OF TEA. "/"■-'- '^''^^ '^i ^^'^'^ ■ ' ■- 1878. '^ ^^^ . • ^^ 189a '-^ From. r • / wr.-i '. i ?/ ",?, ^ '. Lbs. ir» jk ( Lbs. Great Britain..... 4,680,690 7,905,830 United States 5,810,966 763,267 China 484,542 2,195,898 Japan 1,101,968 ' 7,462,674 Germany 5,404 , , , West Indies 50 127,011 Newfoundland 2,287 Total V 12,085,907 .18,455,280 Now it will be seen that : — The consumption of tea has increased 6,400,000 pounds an- nually, or 53 per cent, since 1878. . . " r i The value of tea imported in 1878 was 23^ cents per pound for green and 24 cents per pound for black, while in 1890 the value of tea imported was 15^ cents for green and Japan, and 17^ cents for black. This reduction in the cost of tea, by which every consumer in Canada saves money, has been brought about by the abolition of the duties imposed by the Liberal Government, six cents a pound (■ i ^ !i ■h 1 I i :i 4 on green and five cents a pound on black tea, and partly by the agency of the Canadian Pacifio Eailway, by means of which a direct and cheaper route to China and Japan is afforded. If the duties imposed on tea by the Liberal Government -were now in force the collection last year would have amounted to more than $1,000,000. The present Government has made the people a gift of that money. - » THE SUGAE TEADE. -- The character of our imports of sugar has undergone a remark- able change under the National Policy. It is scarcely necessary to recall the well-known fact that the single sugar refinery in operation when the Liberals came into power in 18'74 was soon after compelled to succumb to the one-sided competition from foreign refiners encouraged by the Liberal tariff, an event which deprived some 500 workingmen, heads of families, of employment. Since 1879 half a dozen sugar refineries have .gone into opera- tion,jthe latest addition to the number being in Victoria, British Columbia, and now practically every pound of sugar consumed in Canada is refined by our own people, several thousand of whom obtain employment, directly and indirectly, in connection with the sugar trade. Here are the figures of the imports : — , , . ^''''.y^'^.i'd''i 'W- IMPC: . '^F SUGAR— 1878. j/),, _,.',...' \i^\^^ >';.i^'F .^?«i-> '<■?• K' ;»::^i-: : K>yiK t'..,, ':»;*:' Raw. ftii; cv} Rbfinbd. ^> ..,>,, From. -i^h-k-^^^ irtivi* avc^ Lbs- i,. fij..^., ,^ Lbs. .^.,,^, United States 258,568 44,936,767 ,.; Great Britain 30,094 53,208,068 '^- • West Indies 714,616 tU^- 11,277,558 Other countries , .^. 533,285 ,, <^"fl Total 1,003,278 AfHC: 109,955,678 ?.' IMPORTS OF SUGAR— 1890. - From. • ,; Lbs. y , United States..^ 17,974,331 . Great Britain 9,459,239 West Indies 58,075,488 East Indies 11,818,571 Brazil....,...., 18,830,177 Germany 34,274,474 British Guiana 3,864,968 Spanish possessions 32,425,646 Other countries 2,559,343 Total 189,282,237 7 Q U h t. h m Hi Of the importation of nearly 190,000,000 pounds of sugar last year, only 5,140,000 pounds ranked as refined, the balance being raw sugars brought direct from countries of growth, and worked into the finished state in Canada. The total amount of duty collected on sugar in 1878 was $2,515,655, or $2.26 per 100 pounds. The total amount of duty collected on sugar in 1890 was $2,851,547, or $1.50 per 100 i^s. TEADE WITH GREAT BEIT AlK The allegation thdt the fiscal policy adopted in 1879 has done much to injure British connection may safely be left for answer to the observation and discernment of every intelligent Canadian. It is interesting, however, to examine the influence of that policy upon our trade with Great Britain and the United States. la 1873 Canada purchased British goods to the value of $68,522,000, in 1879 to the value of $30,993,000, and in 1890 to the value of $43,390,000. In the first period our import trade from the mother country declined more than one-half. It was a period of severe commercial depression, of falling prices, during which the aggregate trade of the councry suffered a serious shrinkage. It was also a period of low tariff. But mark the course of trade with the United States. In 1873 we purchased from that country to the value of $47,735,000, in 1879 to the value of $43,739,000, and in 1890 to the value of $52,291,000 ; that is to say, while under a low tariff the imports from Great Britain declined $37,500,000, those from the United States declined only $4,- 000,000 ; and while under the protective system imports from Great Britain have augmented $12,400,000 those from the United States have augmented less than $9,000,000. A fiscal policy pro- ductive of these results cannot truthfully be described as hurtful to British connection. It may be said, however, that we buy more largely from the United States than from Great Britain. We have done so for a great many years ; we did so before the National Policy was established, and we are likely to continue the practice indefinitely. The excess of our purchases from the United States over those from Great Britain was greatest between 1875 and 1879 under the low tariff, for the reason that in addition to raw materials we 1 1 6 then bought largely American manufactureB. figures : — If A •..17 ' . b'j.' ■/Mi IMPOETS. Great Britain. 1873 $68^22,700 1376 40,734,200 1877 39,572,200 1878 ^ 37,431,100 1879 30,993,100 M,i. I.:, Look at the ,'...* ■'" /yriUO^ United States. ,v $47,735,600 .■ 46,070,000 ' 51,312,600 '; 48,631,700 '' 43,739,200 ''^ That is the way our trade with England went to the dogs in the days of Liberal rule. Now, under the National Policy, our purchases from the United States consist principally of raw materials, while Britain supplies us with our manufactured imports. Here is a statement of some leading imports into Canada in the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1890 : — , ,\ \..,ri- <■ )V ' ■ ^ . IMPOETS IN 1890. Coin and bullion $113,232 Settlers' efiects ... 327,460 1 r,:r. From • Great Britain Gutta percha Raw cotton Leaf tobacco Clover and grass seed Trees and plants Green fruit Broom corn • Wool 678,897 Raw silk Hides Grease Eggs Logs and lumber Anthracite coal Ivory nuts Raw furs Marine furs 7,816 40,722 5,444 1,121 2,383 5 30,177 69 1,990 9,066 76,835 ■■••■»... ,.;.^ " ;'?ia ., '.' ; • • J, , . ..?«-. <)./ From ji'C'iu United States, k *'v $925,644 :. 1,469,268 565,373 3,721,054 1,316,718 199,662 41,923 748,381 97,527 691,599* ^^'•'' 192,824 1.660,553: — - • 154,865- 89,444 893,890' 4,586,661 175,377 248,484 39,063: £ .■•<"^0f>r* Id Totals $1,295,217 $17,818,300. i T i 1 ,- '^O 1 Now there is not one of the articles above enumerated the soui'ce of whose importation can be affected by the tariff. If duties, high or moderate, were levied upon any one of them, the extent of the trade might be dwarfed, but the place of origin would not be changed in any degree. They are, for the most part, natural products which constitute the raw material of manufacturers, and ai*e put on the free list for the purpose of encoui'aging and fostering industrial enterprise in Canada. More than one-third of our imports from the United States are em- braced in this list, and as manufacturers grow and prosper in the Dominion, the purchase of these goods from our neighbours will increase ; but will any one pretend to say that the enlargement of an import trade so constituted implies tariff discrimination against Great Britain, or tends to impair British connection? Then, Canada buys a considerable quantity of farm produce from her neighbor, upon which duties are levied, partly for revenue and partly for protective purposes. The list comprises natural products not exported from Great Britain to any appreciable extent, as the following statement of imports by Canada during the fiscal year 1890 will show : — , ,, ,,^„ .jV- ,-p, (,;; ~ From v. ^ Frora '^ "'';.'', \. , f - i Great Britain. United States. *U'f, ( . > • U«> A/4' Beans.. $ 156... ^ $ 15,809 Corn t^&^A'^^;. 1,170,022 Oats 565 .-. emit! I 97,970 Peas 1,472 ,,.n....<. i^'n 6,312 Rye 6 ...>...... tttJ' 271 Wheat 111,,., .... 149,994 Bran and flour 18,688 ^.i , . . > • . 1,122,852 Softcof 141,348 . 3,549,943 Live St. -i.. 2,565 . 345,388 Butter and cheese 5,709 .,...,*..♦. 77,228 Lard 2bS .:..,,, iooasn 301,028 Meats 18,152 ..,.,,..:.£ 1,611,043 ^^t/^' ! Totals $189,030 $8,447,840 Here again we have a list of articles the source of importation of which cannot be affected by the tariff, although the extent of the trade may be. Deducting these items of natural products, M •!■ 8 which England cannot furnish us with, however anxious we may be to buy from her, the relative value of imports into Canada stands thus; — From Great Britain $41,905,994 From "United States 26,025,833 The trade represented by these figures is principally in manu- factured iron, cotton, wool, linen, etc., and the large excess of purchases from the mother country indicates plainly that, what- ever else it may have done, the National Policy has certainly not injured British trade. Moreover it does not lie in the mouths of advocates of unre- stricted reciprocity to attack the National Policy on the ground of discrimination against Great Britain, when at the same mo- ment they advocate the imposition of still higher duties against the mother country, and free markets for American products. Canada to-day buys from Great Britain to the value of $8 per head of population yearly ; the United States buys to the value of $2.'75 per head of population. Adopt unrestricted reciprocity and any school-boy can tell you that our trade with England will at once decline to nearly one-third its present dimensions. ir -o ~ -^