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PKOPOSED CATIILUUAL— Victoria Calliclial, IJiitisliCoUuiiljia 14 NEW WESTMINSFER AXI) THE LOWER FllASEK. Congregational Progress— Catochibiua—EJucation—Tlic Future auU Wants .... U— 17 . ^, COWICHAX. Report or ti'k Akchdeacon. lliirvcst Thanksgiving— Christmas Day— Summary— GoTcrnincnt S.;hools— Need of anti-inndel Literature— Indian Work— The Indian I,i(iuor Law— Agricultural Pro- gress and Wants — Successful Imliau A.^riniUiual Kxliiliitioii — i^ervici.s and Instruction ir— 22 EXTHAITS FUO.M 'rHK JolKNAI. OK Mu. W, H, Lo.MAS. .\ltendaneo at Sunday Service ia— '.'4 INDIFFERENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT TO THE WET.FAIiK OK THE NATIVE RACE— Letter from Archdeacon Recce 24— 25 • -..•'!7vf.;;-,i;i ',,.,.■., . ' NANAIMl) •,^77: ■ I Difficulties and Encouragements Yii' ' -"'—-'' COMOX. |FintServio«-.YaclatM Indians— Removal 20—28 fi! "..^ • if ii-^' '1 i ■.'Hi-'i' ,/ ,/ CONTENTS. MISSION TO THE TAnK-AIITS. AllNimi HlHSIONAmV JOUHNKY OF Arohdbacon Rrbcb. PAOI Pnparations to Start— Camp on tho Ooach— The Forest Troll— Fenrfiil Trnvnlllng— A Oenr Shot— Tlie Rnfk on th« Luke— Arrival— Indians alarmed— ProgroHH in tlio Aht UuiKiingo— Alberni as a MiHsion Station— Isolation of Allienil-Tho rciirc iiiiikerH- The Return— Lost in tho Mountains— Urgent need of t'hristiun lalxiun^rs '».)—:\\ Lkttkh prom Mk. Willbmar. MiKrntory Ilnhits— Ullltculties *': the way of MissioniirioH— Sitimlion of Albcini ,'i& Tub Tahk-aiit Lamovaoi :ii) THE THOMPSON RlVEIt MISSION. Christmas Day, 1869— Protrnctod Services - Roijrnof accepted— Watchmen— Continued Muccuss— Appliciints for ChrlHtinn Teaching refused— "A better and more exeel- lent way "—The Petite Property— Progress— Land allotted to tlie Inilinns — Indians apprefiinte what is d-me for tlicm — Easter Services — Indian Clmrch contem- plated— 800 Cutuchum tns— 4,000 Indians under instruction- Sunday UatbcrinKs— Mode of Service— Admission of Catechumens — Distant VisitorH-'Promising Con- verts—Temporary Lodgings — " Nothing lost"— Underground Accommodation — An important event— Chimney Comer— A natire Convert builds a Church ... 37- 46 HOP! AND YALE MISSION. Report of Rev. D. Holmes— Sites secured— His own workman— Reality of the work- Indian Chapels tO-is I I ' '<] CHTMSEAN AND NASS MISSION. The Religious State of Hetlacatia— Obstacles to Mission effort— Enconragoment— Mr. Duncan's Appeal— Visit to Great Yannouth, and Address at St. John's Chun^li— Early Trials and Difllcultles — Medlelnc-men — The Boy who would not eat — Attempts u|)on the MiMlonary's Life— Perseverance— First efforta in trailing — The Black Flag— Paul Legale— Leave-taking— Industry— Conclusion ... 4S-55 TREATMENT OP INDIANS. Treatment of Indians in the United States— President Grant's Message— Testimony to Missions 58— S7 THE CARIBOO MISSION. Opening of the Mining Season— The Woods on Fire— A Mission Journey— First Service —"En Route"— Insect Plagues— Contending "for the Faith once delivered to the Saints"—" Pigeon English"— A "Young Recruit "—Peace-making— Lillooet— Fountains— The Old Trail— Packers— An Indian nonplussed— Homeward, Ho I— Im- pitssions of Lillooet as a Church centre 17-05 Wimtbr of ISO^TO IN Cariboo. Resumption of Work— Church-building and its carus— A " Wint«r of disconteBl "— Severe Cold— A Cold Sunday— Church Institute Classes— Eloquence in Committee— Another Cold Sunday— Illustrations of the Cold of February— Music Classes— Great labour of Copying Music- To make a "Cariboo Lantern"- Easter-Day in Cariboo —Incidents of the Easter Services—Church-building at a atand-itill— Help of the Laity— Completion of the Church <5-7l rAdi il TrnvMllng— ion of Albcinl ">'o ^mcn-Co«tin»etl and iHoiu oxtul- lliuiili I'lintem- ul«y ORtUerhmH- AccominixlttW"" — aCUurc.U ■ • • ■'V CONTENTS. 5 WANTH OF THR DIOCRSE, 1871. PAOI R(!8(iun Fiinil— MlHHiim ruiiIlM— UcIIh, UoiIkch, mid KliiKii— AIiIh to Industry— Mlswl- liiiieoilM 71—78 (JLOTHINQ AND UOOKH.- THANKS TO IiADIK3 73 ITEMS OF THE MIHHION AND COLONY. Ccinft'duratlnii— VInw of ths Uiilnii — Cllmftto of Columbia— Now Disoovorios— Toiitl- iiioiiiiil of R(i«iim',t— I'Jiiilt^nitlim to Aiiiorirn — Cliiirrh PnigreBS— Indians undor iiiHti'Uctlou 74—76 LIHT OP THE MIS8I0NAUV UODT. CliTgy— I'HtuclilHtH— lloyH' CoUcgliitii Scliool— Angela College 77 OONTUinUTIONS TO TUB COliUMUIA MISSION, 1870 71 COLUMHIA MISSION UAUANOB-SUEKT, 1870 i»2 m 37-4f> ■tn eallty of tho work- •lO-is [i!nco«raBCii>ont— W>". fat. Joiin's Clmndi- |o would not cat- (ffortai in trudluK- llusion . • • 't L»go-Testlmony to ^^^^^ Lrney-FlTst Service kh once delivered to LTnaWng-Ullooet- aomewftrd.Hol-l>n- . I7-C5 (tar of disoontest"— TuencelnCommlttee- LmusIc cla88CB-Grcat ^8te^Day In Cariboo Bd-itlU— H«lp ot the «5-Il y ILLUSTRATIONS. iKV'Jg-^xS"-^--^ fiKii'OHKii CATiiFDnAi Fronttipicef. iNtirAX ScHooL-CiiArKr,, CowKirAN To face imrjf \'> Hprme's Briuoe. Tiiomi'hon Uivku „ !i7 Mutiiio Ono MiNiNd CoMi'ANT Cariboo „ .'>7 I I' BEPOET r II?. --s>^». (lood speaks of this change with great thankfulness ; but the move has increased the cost of this Mission alone to the extent of not less than 600/. The destruction of the Cathedral having made heavy calls upon Churchmen in Victoria, the funds of the Diocesan Church Society have suffered in consequence, and deficiencies and arrears in stipends of the clergy, which should have been l)orne by it, have fallen upon the General Fund. The Appeal and Statement following this Preface, which have been sent to every parish in England and Wales, will show the still anxious condition of the finances of the Mission. m. ■■> H, ft •> 'II ■III '^St: I'd REPORT. PROGRESS OF THE WORK. Notwithstanding many difficulties, the Mission has pros- pered. Ample testimony is borne to the high character, earnest- ness, and acceptability of the Clergy of the Diocese. These pages have often chronicled addresses of regard and sympathy from the colonists, showing tlie Church of England to be held in respect and confidence. Some not originally brought up in her pale are now her zealous sons ; and amidst the terrible temptations abounding on the Pacific Coast many will trace their interest in religion to the faithful labours of the Mis- sionary Clergy. Amongst the native race also the work is subject of thank- fulness. There cannot be less than 5,000 natives under Christian infraction, where twelve years ago there were none. The Ilev. Mr, Good reckons 2,000 in connection with his own station, and nearly as many more with that of the Kev. D. Holmes at Yale. In one of his last letters he writes of having 800 candidates waiting for Baptism at the hands of the Bishop. At Cowichan, Alberni, and Nanaimo we may estimate those under instruction at several hundreds, while amongst the Chymseans and Nish- kahs are 700 Christians who are haptizcd and leading exemplar)/ lives ; and many more of surrounding tribes are in the habit of receiving with increasing interest Christian instruction in their visits to Metlacatla, where also converts are now being added through the influence of native teachers. Although attended with drawbacks and fluctuation, this work cannot but result, under God's blessing, in a large amount of permanent good, spread as it is over a vast area, 600 miles from the Nass River in the noi-th to Victoria in the south, and 700 miles from Alberni in the west to Cariboo near the Rocky Mountains in the east, carried on also amongst a population the most varied in race and intelligence. NECESSITY AND IMPORTANCE OP THE MISSION. This Mission is most necessary, for tlie colonists are poor, and there are many poorer still who ar<5 attracted only by the gambling excitement of the gold mines, and who lead UKI'OIIT. 9 ision has pros- laracter, earnest- Diocese. These i and sympathy land to be hold [y brought up in idst the terrible nany will trace urs of the Mia- mbject of thank- 35 under Christian none. The Rev. 3 own station, and I. Holmes at Yale. g 800 caiididatcs ). At Cowichan, under instruction iiseans and Nish- leading exemplary je in the habit of istruction in their now being added [tuation, this work large amount of 3a, 600 miles from the south, and [o near the Rocky Ingat a population MISSION. polonists are poor, attracted only by les, and who lead reckless lives. Without help from homo no minister of religion could reach them ; many are ho cut off by distance and rough travel that they cunnot, however eagerly de.siring it, find within reach any sort of Christian ministration, and tire thus worse off than any who reside in the most destitute sulmrbs of Eng- land. Then nearness to the heathen is dangerous to the (Chris- tian morals of Kurojusiins, unless efforts are being made for the recovery and elevation of the savage. Contamination is constantly degrading even the educated Englishman to a condition lower than that of the poor heathen. Hence Missions to the native race are essential for the sake of the European colonist. Important is this work in view of the in-coming of an increased emigrant population. One chief cause of the sad conflicts between the Indian race and Americans in the States has been the uni)repare(l condition of the natives. Teach the Indian beforehand sonio Christian principles and the arts of industry, and ho may hold his ground, be useful and respected. Important also is this Mission in British Columbia, because this is the spot on which will meet the European and the Chinese settler. It /(teen tliv. 40U millionii of heathen China, of whom already 100,000 have crossed ov(U' to the American coast : of these, several thousands are in the British territory, and there are indications of this migration from China eastwards being greatly augmented. The presence of Mormonism, Spiritualism, and other wild theories which have drawn so many away from the Faith in the neighbouring American States, renders it highly important for the cause of truth and souls of men that our Scriptural and Apostolic Church shoidd be well planted in that colony, which, under confederation with Canada, and with a ailroad connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific by a route 1,600 miles shoi-ter than any other, is likely to become one of the most important of the British Empire. HOW THE CHURCH AT HOME MAY HELP. The Mission is indebted to many friends already. First and i foremost to the excellent lady who laid the wise foundation by endowment for a Chief Pastor and two principal Chaplains. Of all her many good works, that which she has wrought for the ! ' I I ■ . I , 'I ' I * i "t ;■ ;''V' .1% 10 KEPORT. / ■ 'VJ building up of God's Church in tlie livitish Colonies will be the most enduring and most wide-spread of good. It strengthens in the best way the tie with the mother country, by preserving the same standard of the faith and morals ; and in bearing tlie blessings of priceless value to untold millions, will cause lior name to be remembered gratefully in every age. Others, too, are helping us, and particularly is gratitude due to the many clergy who have presented the objects of the Mission to their parishioners, who feel the duty and privilege of advancin,Lf abroad the Kingdom of the lledeemer, and who know ho\v blessed and powerful an influence for the advancement of all spiritual work in a parish is an earnest Missionary interest. Some have feared this interest has declined of late. We would rather liope that a larger amount than ever of help is beiii^ given in the aggregate to various Mission fields. It has not probably increased in the proportion that wealth has increased, and here is cause for alarm ; nor does the Church of England, by a very long way indeed, come up to her duty if compared with other bodies who do much more in proportion to their means, or judged liy her great privileges, position, and tradi- tions. It seems hardly possible to maintain an earnest and intelligent Missionary interest by the one sennon and collection in the year. Not less than three Sundays seem to be required for this object out of the twelve which in many parishes are devoted to special collections. Two of these might go to tlie Parent Society, whether S. P. G. or C. M. S., and one to a par- ticular ^lission ; and where the Offertory is weekly, the 2'i'opi'i'- tion of offerings in aid of Foreign Missions should probably be not less than a fmirth, several stated occasions being given for pressing the duty and affording information. If such a recog- nition of the obligation could be attained, there might he expected larger individual liberality, a more prayerful spirit, and, above all, in more hearts a realization of the call of Crod to personal devotion and sacrifice. We can hardly expect the Church to be fruitful as of old in the dedication of her sons to the Missionary work, unless the subject is frequently and earnestly stirred in every congregation. How much need there is for such devotion let the cry tell, which may be heard from all parts of our vast out-spreading empire. Columbia is but APPEAL. 11 onies will be the It strengthens ry, by preservinf? d in bearing the s. will cause hov age. Others, ton, due to the many I Mission to their ^(TB of advanciuj4 ^vllo know hiAv ivancement of all issionary interest, f late. We wtAild ■ of help is bein}i fields. It has not alth has increased, )hurch of England, r duty if compared proportion to their losition, and tradi- lin an earnest and ,iion and collection !em to be reqiured many parishes arc ;e might go to the and one to a par- weekly, the proiwr- ihould probably he )ns being given for If such a recog- [1, there might he re prayerful spirit, of the call of tfod . hardly expect the ,tion of her sous to is frequently nw\ w much need there ' may be heard from I Columbia is but| one of many fields of Christian labour, and yet our want is twenty additional faithful m^n to go fortli and preach the Gospel to the not unwilling heathen, and to lay the foundation of our Zion for the blessing and salvation of future millions of our race and kin. If we may not expect to raise tlie necessary funds for these wants, may we not hope that some earnest men, having the means, will come forward and give themselves, with- out charge, to God's work in a land not very far distant now, and where climate is of the best; and thus that the favoured Church at home may help effectively her struggling Missions abroad. i\' APPEAL. The follmving has been forwarded to every imrlsli in England and Wales: — 70, Upper Berkeley Street, London, W. mh March, \8'\. Dear and Rev. Brother, This Mission having been thrown into difficulty through circumstances of the colony which none could foresee, I have been labouring in England for some months, with only partial success, and am still personally liable for 2,000/. I now make this appeal to my brethren in the hope of avoiding the sad necessity of breaking up a prosperous work. I shall be grateful for the least help — but I may remark that if small parishes, out of the oflertory.. or by special collection, could contribute 10s. or 11., and large ptirishes, say 4/. for this emergency, the whole amount will be easily raised, and the good work set free. Hoping you will lay this matter before your parishioners, and looking for an early and favourable reply, I am, Dear and Eev. Brother, Your faithful brother in the Lord, ^.'.'/i • , , G. Columbia. mM\ I'i- i-ir ' .*!;i \i . V'.'i t ^'■■■i ':■*.! % \^ ~ HI t 12 APPEAL FOR THE NATIVE RACE, SETTLERS, AND MINERS, OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. P r ' The Columbia Mission Fund was established in 1859, to aid tlie Church of England in the new Colony of British Columbia, the area of which equals that of France and England, in the maintenance of Clergy, Catechists, and Teachers, amongst the European, Chinese, and Indian population ; also in erection of Churches, Schools, Parsonages, and Mission Buildings. Thus far the work has prospered, and the Church of Christ is being steadily planted is that new land ; for in ten years, instead of one Clergyman and one Church, there are 25 Churches and Mission Chapels, 21 Residences, and 11 School Rooms; 10 Missions have been opened to the Indian population, glebes for future endowment have been secured in many parishes, and 15 Clergymen, 13 Catechists and Teacliers, form (1869) the Ministering and Educational body, through whom, from 35 centres, the work of civilization is proceeding in all parts of the Colony. The Native Indian race numbers 50,000, of whom about 5,000 are I under instruction in four chief centres, including the Chymsean Mission of t!»e C. M.S., hiindreds of miles apart. If these centres can he strengthened and extended as openings occur, the whole of this noble race may be rescued, elevated, and saved. The European Colonists are scattered over a vast area of many! districts, rural, town, and mining, varying in population from a fewf hundreds to several thousands, and are doing their utmost, makiugl efforts with much self-denial, to keep amongst them the means ofl grace. Columbia having now joined the Dominion, and a railroad througiil the whole British Territory being one of the conditions,' population isl likely from this time steadily to increase. Assistance at this time is earnestly sought in consequence of thel following circumstances, viz : — A Commercial Crisis, lasting four years, has greatly reduced! resources in the Colony, and in spite of all efforts has jo^ace(/| tite Missions in difficulty. Falling off in Subscriptions at home through death of friends,] expitation of limited time of subscriptions, and other causes. ' ;' Reduction- in the Grant of the Society for the Propagation ofl the Gospel 30 per cent, has rendered it impossible for tlie Clergi/1 already poorly paid, to exist upon the reduced incomes. Several I^ew Missions of peculiar interest have been recently! and almosi. of necesnty, undertaken : such as the Rev. J. PJ Good's removal to tlie Thompson River Indians, who urgentli pressed him to come, and o/wAom 2,000 have placed themseivei under instruction ; the new Mission to the Tahk-aht Tribes, \vh(f inhabit 20 villaqes alona 200 miles of the Pacific Coast : perl i'BAL FOR THE NATIVE RACE, ETC. 13 f. TTLERS, AND BIA. 1859, to aid the iiJolumbia, the area de maintenance of pean, Chinese, and chools, Parson^ea, a of Christ is being ^ ears, instead of one ind Mission Chapels, lave been opened to I it have been secured rhista and Teaclien, dy, through whom, iing in all parts of horn about ^,0(^0 are le Chymsean Mission these centres can be B whole of this noble , vast area of many ipulation from a few I [heir utmost, making! them the means of| ,d a railroad througiil [ditions," population isl consequence of the! L has greatly reduced! ] all efiforts has plactdM ough death of friends,! ^ and other causes. J br the Propagation ofl oossible/or tU Clergd yced incomes. I Lt have been recentlyJ Ich as the Rev. J. r>j Indians, who urgenili ave placed themselvei Tahk-aht Tribes, \M Pacific Coast : per] maneni residence of a Missionary at Cariboo, the chief mining district of the Colony, die. Urgent Call for extension, especially amongst the Nativee of the Fraser and Thompson Kivers, where two additional Missionaries are urgently needed to teach the converts and superintend industrial work j amongst the Haidahs in Queen Charlotte's Islands, and the Quoquolts, numbering 5,000 each nation, who have asked for teachers and to whom Four Mission- aries should go : these are calls which, if unheeded now, must result in ground being lost and openings neglected, never afterwards to be regained. For an efficient work, seventeen additional Missionaries are needed. Several vacant posts cannot be filled up without increased means. There will be absolute necessity fur gielng up important work which God is blessing, and reducing the number of Clergy, if this Appeal does not succeed. To the above causes of anxiety may now be added the total destruction of the Cathedral Church byjire on the night of the let of October, 1869. i£ 3,000 is required in Annual Subscriptions; — and Donations are earnestly sought towards the debt upon the Mission and extension of the work. hi 1 / I : (I i1 i rii' 14 Mi! PROPOSED CATHEDRAL. Our frontispiece presents a view of the future Cathedral of Christ Church, Victoria, to take the place of that which was destroyed by fire in October 1869. Supposing funds can ha found to m^ke a commencement of the work, it is proposed to leave towers, chancel, one aisle, much tracery, and all stoiKj carving for a future time ; and provide, in the nave, one aisle and transepts, the accommodation immediately required. The following description of the building, when completed, has been kindly furnished by the architect, B. Ferrey, Esq. : — VICTORIA CATHEDRAL, BRITISH COLUMBIA. The proposed new Cathedral in plan will comprise a nave 80 feet long and 24 feet in width, divided into five bays. There will be north and south aisles 15 feet wide, covered by span roofs. The western facade will contain a fine six-light traoeried window at the end of the nave, which will be flanked on the north and south by massive and lofty towers ; the latter will be terminated by pyramidal roofs, covered with wood shingle. At the north and south of the western division of the choir will come the transept, while bold arches will open out from the presbytery into the sacristy on the north, and into the chapel appropriated to the Governor's seat on the south side. A decorated fluche, of good proportions, constructed of timber and covered with lead, will mark the intersection of the transepts and the nave and choir. The principal entrances will be on the north and south sides, respec- tively, of the western towers. The nave will have a panelled and boarded roof, adorned with bosses, the height from the floor to the wall-plate being 27 feet. The choir will be groined in wood. All the external roofs will be covered with wood shingle. For the main walls the local limestone will be used with freestone dressings. Contributions to the Cathedral Fund will be thankfully received by the S(ftretaries of the Columbia Mission. See page 2. NEW WESTMINSTER AND THE LOWER ERASER The town of New Westminster is situated 15 miles from the mouth of the Fraser, about 70 miles from Victoria. Steamers ply several days a week between this and Yale, which is 80 miles up the river and the head of first navigation. NKW WKSTMlNSTKlt AND TllK l.UVVKl! rUASKlJ. 15 The tbllowin.L' arc extracts tiom a Jtcpoit of Arclulcacoii ^Vouds, dated January :>U, 1871 : — e Cathedral of hat which was ' funds can he ' is proposed to , and all stoii« nave, one aisle required, ^hen completed, 'errey, Es(i. :— ilA. ise a nave 80 feet :here will be north )of8. The western at the end of the th by massive and nidal roofs, covered western division of will open out from id into the chapel side. A decorated 1 covered with lead, he nave and choir, south sides, respec- xve a panelled and )ni the floor to the d in wood. All the For the main walls ings. ill be thankfully ission. See page 2. WEB FRASER. 15 miles from the ictoria. Steameis Yale, which is 80 xtion. CONUKKUATIuNAIi PUOOUKsiS. When work goes on ijuietly and regularly, it is not easy to find any- thing to say in an Annual lieport, beyond the ordinary statement of services, congregations, and offertories ; and all these will be found in the usual forms which, with the other clergy of the diocese, I have forwarded to Archdeacon Keece. The year just past has borne its witness to the Church work in this district by congregations above the average, offertories not below the average, and, above all, by a more satisfactory state of things in rela- tion to the attendance at the celebration of the Holy Sacrament, though in all still far short of what ought to be. The weekly celebration which has now been the rule since Septua- gesima 1870, independently of the blessings which in itself it has brought to the regular partakers, has had the effect of bringing before the people generally the blessed privilege which, alas ! so many of them neglect ; and, in some few cases, it has been the happy means of bringing " to the Holy Communion of the body and blood of our Saviour Christ " some who habitually absented themselves. I can but hope and pray that a deeper feeling and a truer sense of iho nature and value of this Holy Sacrament may be implanted, and grow and increase in the hearts and minds, and bring forth fruit in the lives of the " members of Christ," amongst whom it is my solemn pri- vilege to labour, CATECHISING. Another means of grace on which I hope 1 have reason to set a high 1 value, is my (Jattcldsm Class. I have tried in this to carry out the .»/-(>t7 of the Rubric and of the Canon ; for, as your lordship knows, I am at present, from multiplicity of Sunday work, hindered from carry- ing out the very letter ; and so, instead of, " upon Sundays and liohdays," instructing and examining the children in some part of the I Cucechism, I do so ou Tuesdays after the second lesson at Evening Prayer. I have found this an attraction to parents and others to attend the daily prayer, and for the children I certainly regard the 1 public catechism as the best and soundest preparation for Confirmation, I though of course I hope to be able to take especial care as the times come round for presenting them to the Bishop. 1 should be glad to think that results so satisfactory »i, through I God's blessing, 1 am able to point to, would induce other", who may find the circumstances of their cure such &s to render Sunday catechism either impossible or inexpedient, to carry on this portion of their woik somewhat after the same fashion ; though I should indeed be sorry that my use of the word inexpedient should bo misunderstood. I think nothing can be more important in Church work, either at home or abroad, than the bringing up her children sou, id in the J'nith, nor any method which seems to have &uch promise of success as that method ■■•{ - I ■■itif ii'^' '%' ! i« til 16 NKW WRSTMINSTEU AND TIER LOWER FBASEU. 1. which the Cliurch herself appoints. I can therefore only excuse m\ use of the word inexpedient because I know that in many cases (and I suppose this especially true of the Church in the colonies), owing to variety and press of work falling ou one man, however unwilling he may be to leave any work undone, or to choose between one duty and another, that at times he has no option. EDUCATION. While on the subject of education T may mention, and I do so with pleasure, that we have been enabled during the course of 1870 to re- open the Church School in New Westminster, and to place it on such a basis, both as regards the teachers and the teaching, that it is not likely again to be closed. At our Christmas gathering we had as many as 28 pupils, and parents express themselves as fully satisfied as to the work done since the opening of the school in May. Not the least satisfactory feature of our school work is, that while there is an efficient staff of teachers, and no branch of education suitable in such a school is either omitted or neglected, the !>chool is fully self-support- ing. By the ready help of those interested in the success of the school, supplemented by a grant of $35 from the Standing Committee, wehavu been enabled to purchase the lot next that on which the 8chool-hou.su stands, thus procuring a suitable playground for the children ; but, owing to its being as yet unfenced, it is for the present unavailable, as iwe cannot allow the girls to play on ground open to any passer by. Your lordship is aware that the grant to the Government School at Sapperton was withdrawn early in the present year. We have, how- ever, been enabled to keep the school together, and to impart to thr^ teacliing a sound Church tone which is excluded from the public school St/stem of the colonies. THE FUTURE AMD WAMT8. Our future opens, as far as human judgment can estimate it, a fair prospect, provided only we keep pace with the demands made upon us; provided only we are faithful to the trust committed to us. There is no doubt but that the near approach of confederation with the Domi- nion of Canada is drawing considerable attention to the resources of our country, and that, too, in a way which promises greater permanence to the efforts made, and yet to be made, in their development, than gold-mines and gold-mining have hitherto been able to impart. The very name of gold-mining, such as this country offers, imparts a reckless and fluctuating character to the great bulk of the mining population. Now, however, while our population at and about the mines will certainly not diminish, there is growing up a class of settlers who, of all others, seem to me pledges of industry and perma- nence. During the course of 1870, there have been over 20,000 acra of farming land taken up on pre-emptive claims between Harrison Mouth and the meadows below New Westminster, towards the mouth of the Fraser. A pre-emptive claim Implies, as you are aware, actual occupation of each section of ICO acres. Besides this, there have PRASEU. re only excuse ni) many cases (and I colonies), owing to vever unwilling he ween one duty and n, and I do so with urse of 1870 to re- to place it on such hing, that it is not ing we had as many [y satisfied as to the ay. Not the least while there is an ion suitable in such is fully self-support- uccess of the schoul, Committee, we havu ich the school-houso the children ; but, isent unavailable, as any passer by. Government School ear. We have, how- id to impart to the om the public school m] m 1^ an estimate it, a fair ands made upon us ; ted to us. There is ,tion with the Domi- i to the resources of I greater permanence r development, than ie to impart, itry offers, imparts a bulk of the mining Q at and about the )wing up a class of industry and perma- sen over 20,000 acra 18 between Harrison , towards the mouth iTou are aware, actual des this, there have i ■ W I M' '■ f if:'l i f! 'i: COWICHAN. 17 been purchases of surveyed lands, exceeding in total amount 5,000 acres. It will be seen from these facts how especially urgent is our present need of men and means to carry on the work here. If we do not take it up at once, and work it as it grows gradually to our hands, It will m time, and that in no very long time, have so grown that it will task our resources to the utmost to overtake whatever we should now unhappily let slip. Need I describe again our wants as to the settlements already in existence (hitherto I have spoken of settlements coming into existence) —the Inlet, with its lumber mills, its lagging camps, its shipping, its settlers, and its Indian tribes and villages ? The permanent and increasing settlements on both arms of the river, below the town of New Westminster 1 The permanent and increasing settlements on both banks of the river, for 50 miles above New Westminster? .1 t ' M COWICHAN. Missionary — Archdeacon Rrecb. Ciitechist — Mr. W. H. Lomas. CowiCHAN is a rural district, 30 miles in length by 10 in width, watered by two rivers, and containing several small lakes. European settlers have taken up most of the land, and are steadily increasing in numbers; and about 1,200 Indians live in several villages. There is a central church, parsonage, and glebe of 100 acres; also an Indian school, chapel, and catechist's residence. Besides which are Mission chapels and stations at otlier places in con- nection with the central work. . REPORT OF THE ARCHDEACON. There is very little that calls for any record during the past unevent- ful year,— uneventful at least in this secluded spot, however strangely full of sorrow and trial to thousands in Europe. Whatever the diffi- culties and hardships that the early settler in this neighbourhood may have to encounter, here at least at present reigns the blessing of peace ; and, if he will, he may with reason take up the ode — " Beatns ille qni procul negotiis, Ut pi'isca gciiH niortnlium, , Paternii nu-a bobus cxercet suis ^ Solutus omni fenore." • B 15' »y, '> j :J II t! i]n \H COWlCirAN. ffnoif Fritldji, 1S70. — Tt iH now fotir yciirs to-ilay Hiiico 1 flrnf, \m\ rlinr^jo of this distrifit ; and. on loolunfj; ovor my rcf^'iHtor, T lun Imppy fo find a Htoudy inorciiHo in tlio attnndMMcu on tlio HcrviooH of tliis dny. Oil tlio liiHf, thruu (lood FridiiyH there iiavc buon lioth niorniiig and ov(Miinj; HcrviccH. I'!i(ntfi' Dai/f 1870. — A lar^'o incroano upon last year in the nunihor of tlio coiif^rogation. The church nicely decorated, as it usually is on nil ^rnnt festivab. kimtcr Moudnif. — At our lUastor meeting last yeor, it was resolved, in tlio |)lttco of attempting to raise contributions for support of iniiiister by means of collectors canvassing the district, to dcpond entirely upon uollcctiouH mado at every Sunday servieo in wliatovor part of the district it might be hold. The result of tho first year's trial of this ohango of plan was laid before tho meeting to-day, and was considered satisfactory. 'I'lio Kaiiter balauco-ulicot stood as follows : — Uv Imliiiicn l)iwif;lit (roiii KastiT, "iHrtll .. no 17..M> 13S.,S!i,i .l!2r..';.;i!i; Tlio otfertory for tho year ending Easter 1869 haf\ yieldeJl /58 dollars "21}^ cents, while for 18G8 it reached Gli dollars 75 ccntH.j and tho first year it amounted to 20 dollars. Tho sums also collected in aid of minister's stipend on tho old plan had never reached tlie| amount under that head this year. This comparative statement, though it deals, after all, only with small sums, I must leave to spculij for itself, and I sincerely hope that succeeding years may aflbn proportionable grounds for thankfulness. IlAnVKST TUANKSfllVING. October 12, 1870. — To-day wo held our annual harvest ihanksgiviniJ service. It was beautifully tine, neitlior too warm nor too sininj.1 Every succeeding year shows how this day is taking more and nioio hold on the hearts of my people. With many it was a work of tlircoj days to attend the services of to-day, involving two nights' campinj" out from their homes. I am sorry I have not at hand some letters thatt appeared in the Victoria papers from some eye-witnesses and sLareii in tho day's proceedings, as they would illustrate, better than anythinJ I can say, the happy spirit which animated all who gathered togetheij 1 need not stop to describe our little log church or the services. Tlil former was as tastefull}' decorated, and tho latter as heartily renj dercd, as on any previous occasion. Tho congrcgiition numbered 137 of course, very many could not find even standing room wiiiiin tlij church, and were obliged to rest content with crowding into tho poicH and clusteriug rouud the open doors. The offertory collection amouDteil slT.MMAKY 19 b'iuco I fiVHt took \\0Y, T am happy viccH of thin (lay. )th morning and ar iti tho nunibov [V8 it usiuiUy is on •, it was resolved, iH for Kupport of istrict, to depend rvioo in whatever of tho fu'Ht year's ijg to-ilay, and wiis i?!V.».no 'Ho.-i<'"ty n.r.o ,l,.j..... 13S.,Hii,l 18G9 ha^T yielded 13 dollars 75 cents, 5 sums also cullectcill never reached tho I iparativo statement,! must leave to speakl g years iway aftbidl Harvest thanUsgivinJ krm nor too snnny, king more and move I was a work of tlircc I two nights' campiiif >nd some letters th:ii iritnesses and sbaren [better th'an anything 10 gathered together) ,i or the services. Th^ Itter as heartily m\ Ltion numbered 131 ling room wiihiu thi Iwding into tho povcl r collection amounted to :U (lolliirH .S7i (;onts, or Xii 11. v. iUl. nciuiy. Wo all had a Hub- Htiintial (liiintT t.o;.,'ctlicr on tho gloho harn floor, and tho younger portion altcrwai'il.s aninsod tlioinHelvis to tlicir lioartH' oonUmt. It was very gratifying, loo, to mx', in anotlicr whapc, tho growing interest that is lifiiig taken in this day. In antici[)ation of lite day, gei-so and fowls, roasting pi;,'H and hoot", bread, butter, and eggs came to hand, kindly presGUtH to their parson and ids wifo from those who were nn.xious to diminish the commissariat ditti(!ulties likely to arise from our yearly increasing nnndtors. It is always ojic of tho pleasantcsl days in tho year to look forward to and to look iiack upon, and many a little cloud lias been disporsed imdcr tho gonial warmth of that brotherly union and goodwill that is cemented us well as quickened by the spirit of thanksgiving wdiieh then brings us all togetlier. (.'llltlSTMAH DAV. ChrisinutK Day, 1H70.- It would appear that on or about Christmas Day there is always lui abmidanoo of rain in the colony, — so, at least, I find it noted in my register of services as raining more or less tverif Christmas Day since iHGf!. This sadly atl'ects the attendance, especially of a congrcgiition like mine, half of whom have to travel about four iiiileH, 'I'ho average attendance during tho last five Christmas Days ims been twenty-two. The church again nicely decorated. Thought ourselves fortunato in having some verbenas for the font, the plants of which, without any aid of greenhouse, were preserved in flower until within a day or two of C'hristmas Day. I must not omit to mention the present of a handsome crimson altar-cloth, with suitable monogram worked in g(dd-eoloured silk, from some kind friends in Victoria. It was used for the first time to-day, and gave to the Banctuaiy an ;i[)pearanco of comfort and decency which had long been wanting. Wo were also glad in having, on this day, the church supplied for the fust time with kneeling cushions. Why do I mention these seeuungly simple details? I think it may help our kind friends in England to realize tho fact that, in our sniiill Mission churches in tins far distant laud, wo are seldom able to complete their furniture at the outset ; out of our poverty wo have to wait in patience for first one little piece and then another, and for this reason, perhaps, when they do come, wo prize them the more highly. SUMMARY. During the past twelve months there have been 88 Sunday eerviees, [(! festivals, and 10 week-day services, held at 5 different stations. The total attendance, 2,0G0. A diminution in the number of services, I unavoidably caused by my absence on ofHcial duty, as Archdeacon, elsewhere. Supplying for the missing ssrvices the average attendance, the total would be raised to 2,281, as against 2,568 in the year 1868. This is partly accounted for by some of the congregation of 1868 having left the neighbourhood, partly by the efforts of the Wesleyan Society to establish a footing, but mainly by the interruptions to the 1$ 2 #■ \H so COWICIIAN. 'I' ". roy;iiliirity of the services al)ovo alluded to. The (iverago attendance at Rome of the stations lias been Iohh, wliilo at others it iiiis buen much greater, while the average attendance at the Holy (^oniminnon shows, I am thankful tu say, no diminution. Upon the whulo, although I am unable to speak of any marked advance in the attendance at public wnrwhip, a matter perhnps of little surprise in a widely-scutterod agricultural district, yet I believe there is a growing attachment to the services of the Church, and a thankful appreciation of its mnny blessings. There have been five baptisms and three burials during the year. OOVKRNMBNT SCHOOLS. r , Three Government Schools have also been opened — one on cftch side of the Cowichan River, and one in Siiltapring Islatid — and there are now, I believe, about forty children availing themselves of tlio benefits of education. These schools, however, are established on u purely seculiir liasis ; and if any minister of the Church, or of any Christian denomination, wishes to impart religious instruction to tliu pupils, he has the opportunity, under permission of the Local Board, of administering it iu the fi)rm of an " imposition," either he/ore or o/tft the regular school hours ! A system much to bo deplored, at leiist by Christians, even though tlie mutual jealousy of Protestant aects, wliioh renders it necessary, may rejoice at its establishment ; for, of course, it is far better (?) that the ignorance should prevail which lc\l one of our little boys the other day to assert that Pontius Pilate was tne of the,kinff» of England, than that the Catholic faith should he taught. He is a shrewd enough boy, too, and perhaps, after all, lio cnly meant it as a sarcasm on Henry YIII. It is, alas ! a sad and serious subject ; and would that the many large-hearted and pious Christians wh^ find themselves in oue or other of these human systems j would realize the rising dangers and the issues at stake. Now, if ever, there is an imperative call that an earnest prayer for unity should daily be offered to our Head, Who alone can bring it about, and Who has promised that " whatsoever ye shall ask in My Name that will I do." NEED OF ANTIINFIDEL LlTEHATUnE. Is. !'■'(' The need that 1 felt when last I contributed to the Columhial Mission Keport, of stirring tracts and pamphlets, of books of plaiiil dogmatic instruction, &c., has in no degree diminished ; and, in addi-[ tion, I feel the need of well and popularly-written books, up to the! level of recent pretensions, agai.ist the growing tendencies toward/ infidelity. I often wish I f)0Sses8ed a small but good hand-powen printing press, with the necessary types, iJicc. I am quite sure I shoiilii find it of great help iu the working of my own district, and I think ill might prove equally serviceable to the Mission in general. Tha ditSculty, expense, and time it takes to obtain anything that oii^ wants would be to a great degree obviated, and some of the printiuJ exp uses of the Mission might also be avoided. ACHICULTirUAL rHuciUI>;s AND WANTS. 8t lN0rAN WDUH. I hiivo not yet received Mr. Lumfti'i report about the ludinn work at (Jowiclmu during tlie past t«olvo iiiondiH, Ihoiiyh I am in Impes of being uhlo to forward it in time for the (Jolinnbia MiHHion Report. I know ho feelH Homuwiiivt diHiiear toned, hnt only in uonBeipiencc of the continued oxiHtenco of oliMtuuliH beyond onr power to ronu.vi;, and tiio want of more olleotivo niiiciunery, whicli, of conrHo, wo are iiimblo to Hupply, but which, did we pOHHCHH it, w..uld greatly awist us in weaning the Indians from their niigiatory habitN, whiuh so interfere with Hystematio iuHtrnctioti, and prove ho dmtrnctivo of the good impresHiona that may have been \u»\dii. TIfK INDIAM MQi'OIl T.AW. Tlje Indian Liquor Law Btill continncH in it8 unsatisfactory state. Nominally on tlio statute-book, its ]niu:tical o|ieration, so far as this dintrict is concerncnt several of the Indians who have thus laboured have met with much disappointment. One man, who had built a cottage and fenced in a tolerably sized piece of ground for a garden, cleared it, and cropped it well with potatoes, roots, &c. He then went away in the summer-time to gather berries, and on one of his return visits, found that pigs had invaded his premises, and had rooted up and eaten everything. Of course the fence in some spot was defective, but it was as well, perhaps, as he could manage. Had we had at hand the yoke of oxen, they would have hauled the rails for him, and his fence might have been made perfectly secure, and with much less outlay of time and labour. Similarly, one of our school boys had woi-ked away at a small patch of ground with great zeal and much labour for a little boy. He care- fully sowed his seeds, and looked forward with glee to the next Indian Agricultural Show, hoping to be a successful competitor and carry off a prize. He, too, left in the summer with his parents, and returned to find every vestige of his labours obliterated. Many similar cases might be mentioned, all ending in the same way. The Indians are very soon disheartened, and it probably will be moi-e difficult to persuade them to try again next year. For these reasons, aud many others, we at times feel disheartened at the slow rate of progress that is being made in gathering together a permanently resident body. 'I'Jik J! SUCCESSFUL INDIAN AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITION. On Saturday, October IG, was held the second Indian Agricultural Exhibition. Through the active exertions of Mr. Lomas and the kind assistance of friends in Victoria, we were able to provide many more prizes than last year, among which were two heifer calves — valuable prizes — for which we were indebted to his Excellency Governor Musgrave, whose donation of 20 dollars (£4) went far towards their purchase. The Exhibition was held on the shore of Somenos Lake, iu a field kindly lent for the occasion by A. Green, Esq. The stands for the roots and vegetables were fixed up by the Indians themselves. The articles exhibited far exceeded in number those of last year, while their quality was much improved — more pains having evidently been taken in their cultivation. This improvement was nowhere more marked than in the women's department of needlework — blankets, mats, baskets, «fec. Fifty-seven prizes in all were awarded ; the two heifer calves being given to the two who had been m >st industrious and continuously re .ident during the past year. The day was beautifully fine. Games and canoe races afforded amusement to the boys. Much interest was manifested in this Indian Exhibition by the resident European settlers, ih v. 111 i ,. M ' t 24 GOVERNMENT AND THE WELFAllE OF THE NATIVE RACE. Owing, in a great measure, to the kind exertions of Miss Woods, of Victoria, we were able to give quite a number of very useful and valuable prizes, amongst which were two heifer calves, given by his Excellenoy Governor Musgrnve, and a number of fruit-trees given by Medsra. Mitchel and Johnson. The attendance of both Indians and settlers was much greater than last year, and the whole affair passed off very successfully. December 10. — The fishing season is now over, and it has been a reraai'kably good one ; few can remember ever having seen the Cowichau rivers so full of fish. Almost every Indian, with very little exertion, bus been able to dry enough salmon to last a year. Attendasce at Sunday Seuvice. Average tiumlier present at cacli service from Dee. ISfiO to Maj' 1870 . . 7fl Average during summer months 39 Highest luquber at one time 103 Lowest ,, ,, 17 Average present at Mrs. Lonias's Girls* .School 12 „ Young Men's Night School 15 INDIFFERENCE OF THE GOVERNMENT TO THE! WELFARE OF THE NATIVE RACE. Archdeacon Reece, in a letter to a Society in England, thus! describes the apathy of the British Government in respect of tho| Indian race : — When I think, not of what is done, but of what, I see my wayj clearly, co^dd be done, with a more efficient machinery, at the outlay off a few hundred pounds, theu it is we feel dissatisfied and discouraged,! and wish that those who, recognizing the importance of the object forT which we are striving, and possessing the ability to promote that ohjecti by a judicious and fostering help, were on the spot themselves, not onlj to judge, but to accept the responsibility of their decisions. The Government of this colony has hitherto had no definite oij tangible policy with regard to the native Indian tribes. They havd preserved for them Crown lands, under the name of Indian Reserves [ they have prevented their land being encroached upon ; they have iii existence a Liquor Law, with penal clauses stringent and severe, bufl honoured more in the breach than in observance. Beyond thii they have done nothing, so far as I know. There does not exist an Indian hospital in the colony to amelioi'ate the evils which contacj with a too advanced stage of civilization has brought upon its uninef pared victims. There may be insuperable obstacles in the way of anj JIVE RACE. NANAIMO. 25 f Miss Woods, of very useful and res, given by his lit-trees given by 30th Indians and hole affair passed ad it has been a having seen the n, -with very little a year. May 1870 . . 70 . . 39 , . 103 ■ "... 17 . . 12 ■ ' . . 15 definite policy of preservation and development being adopted. J am bound to suppose that such obstacles do exist ; otherwise, sucl» negligence would make the very stones cry out for redress auaiiist the wrongs of suffering humanity. Some such obstacles assim-diy must exist, otherwise what is known here would scarcely be credited I elsewhere. I have before me as 1 write the Colonial Estimate for 1869. The estimated e-.penditure of the Government for that year is £122,250, and in that amount this item occurs : '* Rxpenses can- nected with the Indian tribes, £100"!- the Indians in the colony being estimated by some at over 50,000, who pay duty on every- article that they consume, if it has been imported into the colony. \ do not wish to say more on this point, neither have I said this by way of complaint ; but' I could scarcely have said less to make the N.E.S. I realize the fact that little or nothing is done for the moral and social benefit of the North American Indians on this coast, outbide the circle I of efforts of the. various religious Societies. -vi^ lENT TO THE] RACE. in England, thus! in respect of the! hat, I see my way ery, at the outlay of led and discouraged,] nee of the object for promote that objecl themselves, not only decisions, had no definite o tribes. They havi of Indian Reserves upon ; they have in igent and severe, but ?ance. Beyond thii ire does not exist ai evils which contad ■ught upon its unpre lies in the way of an; NANAIMO. Missionary (in temporary charge) — Rev. H. B. Owen. IIrue are cluircli, parsonage, garden, school-house, and Indian chapel ; also 100 acres of land at present unused, Init M'liich may some day serve as an endowment. Tlie congregation, which consists principally of working people, provide their church expenses, and give £50 a year to the clergyman. The remainder of the clergyman's income hitherto has come from grants of the IS.P.G. and the Columbia Mission. Nanaimo is an important central post, from which several [settlements are reached. It is the coaling-place ibr all ships and traffic between Alaska and Victoria. Her IMajcsty's ships, American men-of-war, and coal-ships from San Francisco, come here. Then for 200 miles are many villages of Indians, who Imight be reached from this centre. The following are extracts from the Rev. II. Owen's report, [who is in temporary charge : — DIFFICULTIKS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS. My work at Nanaimo has, from various causes, been attended with ouch anxiety; but, on reviewing the past twelve monJis, there is teason for deep gratitude to Almighty God, who in His wisdom has graciouuly ordered those. Ujings in which wo saw but uncertuinfv n<>d "V ,f? * 26 COMOX. m '" ! difficulty, to the good of His Church and His own honour and glory. Friends have been won ; and if there is still much to be done, yet, from the past difficulties surmounted, our faith is strengthened, iind we are -encouraged to fresh exertions, assured that the harvest will in good time be reaped, if we, the labourers, faint not. In addition to the general commercial depression of the colonj-, which materially affected this place, we are now suffering from a strike amongst the coal-miners, consequent upon a reduction in wages. As ITanaimo is almost entirely dependent upon the coal trade, the effects of the stoppage may easily be imagined. There is, I fear, no immediate prospect of work being resumefl. Many people have left the town, and others are starting to seek employment elsewhere. H. M. S. Sparrowhawk has been sent here, and for the past fortnight has been lying in the harboui", in readiness to suppress any violence, should such be attempted. The distress and injury entailed by the strike will, it is feai'ed, be felt for a considerable time, even after work is resumed. If we have lost some of oxir members, there is certainly amongst others who are left a more evident and growing Church feeling. Our services are hearty, and the average of our congregation, though, of course, smaller than in previous years, when there was a larger Cluuxh population, is, on the present diminished number, favourable and encoui'aging. During the past year, the work at Comox has been carried on, so flu* as opportunity was afforded, by the monthly steamer, and this has tended to maintain a good feeling towards the Church amongst the settlers there. A Government School has recently been opened, and one great want thereby supplied. An idea of the state of apathy amongst the people may be gathered I from the fact that it is generally admitted that the total number 0/ persons attending all the places of tvorship in Nanaimo does not repre- sent one-fifth of tlie lirofessedbj Christian portion of tlie population. There has been a great decrease of late years amongst the Nanaimo I tribe of Indians, who at present number only about eighty. Drunken- 1 ness and vice have reduced this once numerous tribe, and comparatively [ few therefore are those who now respond to the bell of our Indian | school-church ; others, however, are frequently with us at St. Paul's. COMOX. ' Missionary — Roy. H. B, Owen. This is an extensive agricultural district, over w^hicli settlers arcl scattered, and where also are several Indian villages. Froiiil this may be reached also neighbouring Indians. It has beeuj worked hitherto from Nanaimo by occasional visits of the| YACLATAS INDIANS. 27 )nouv and glory. to be done, yet, trengthenod, and harvest will in 1 of the colonj-, •iug from a strike »n in wages. As trade, the effects : being resumed. starting to seek een sent here, and ir, in readiness to 11, it is feared, be led. certainly amongst irch feeling. Our egation, though, of as a larger Churcli 3r, favourable and ;n carried on, so far ,raer, and this has hurch amongst the jT been opened, and le may be gathered Ihe total number of ainio does not repre- llie population. Longst the Nauaimo t eighty. Drunkcu- !, and comparatively bell of our Indian h us at St. Paul's. clergyman. At length it was hoped that tlio Eev. H. Owon might go to reside there permanently ; hnt in this we were disap- pointed, as he was compelled to go and reside at the larger place of Nanaimo, until it could be otherwise supplied. KEPORT OF KEY. II. 13. OWEN. Novtmher 4, 18G9. — Having received instructions to proceed to iComox ~d take up the work there, I removed my family to Victoria, luntil such time as I could get the Mission-house in order. With sufficient bricks and lime for a chimney, on Saturday, [November 6, I left Victoria in the little steamer Emma for Comox \ Ihut, after proceeding a short distance, the weather became so stormy Ithat we had to return to the harbour, where we remained until Ir.SO A.M. on Sunday, when we again started, and managed to get as [far as the rapids below Nanaimo, where we anchored for the night. Monday, November 8. — Arrived at Comox at about 4.30 p.m. Two lof the settlers came on board and kindly welcomed me. With them ll went on shore, and was most hospitably received. The next day, [though very stormy, we managed to get the bricks and other things Ion shore, and I started up the river for the Mission, which is about Ifour miles from the bay. I found the house — built partly of logs — lin a most dilapidated condition. The Indians had stolen the locks Ifrom the doors, so that there was free entrance to all comera. Of the Itwo mud chimneys, one had caught fire and burnt a portion of the Iback logs and roof, the other was roofless, so that until the new brick lehimney was built I could not take up my residence in the house. November 13. — ^The weather being rather better, the Indians have Imanaged to take up the bricks, &c., in their canoes. FIRST SERVICE. Sunday, November 14. — Though the weather was cold, yet we had Itwenty-four present, and a hearty service. I preached from Hebrews Ixiii. 8. In speaking to me afterwards, the settlers expressed much Igratification at my being sent amongst them, and that there would now Ibe regular services. November 25. — After various delays, the chimney, though not Ifiiiished, is now sufficiently high to carry off the smoke, and I have laccordingly taken possession of the Mission-house, one room of which ll have made habitable for the winter. '■fe.i' 'i\. n '■: I| 1i; I ; t il If-i : which settlers arc m villages. IVoiu ians. It has beeu onal visits of the| YACLATAS INDIANS. Sunday, December 6. — In the evening, several Indians of the lYaclatas tribe, camped opposite, came up to the house, and I invited |hem in. The shelter of the house, and the glowing fire filling the dde chimney, must have been a comfortable change from the wet and ktorm without. In various attitudes they spread themselves before the plaze, and formed an interesting group. I gladly seized so favourable 28 COMOX. mill'' li fit I; ll ' an opportunity to proclaim the Gospel message of mercj'. Tiiey heard all I said with attention and much apparent interest, especially wheij 1 told tliem of God's knowledge of the most secret thoughts of tlieiil hearts, and that they could not hide anything from Him. Thoj «aid th«y ahculd be very pleased if, when the summ.er came, 1 could visit their land, which 1 promised I wonld do if an opportuiiitj offered. After much interesting conversation, as it was getting late, bid them "good night," and with a hearty shake of the hand tliev took their leave. The Indians of Comox are the results of intermarriages between th^ Puntledges and the Yaclatas. About sixty or seventy years ngo tlid Puntledge tribe were settled at Comox, and the Yaclatas. with wliotij thoy held friendly relations, came regularly to })rocure salmon, wliicli are extraordinarily plentiful here. Some of the Yaclatas took wiveJ from the Puntledges, and settled amongst them ; the descendants t>\ these are now known as, and form, the Comox tribe. Of the old Punt ledge tribe but six now remain, the others being absorbed and tlioij tribal distinctiveness lost. In the camp there are about 100 Indianj of all ages. At times this number is increased by visiting Yacliit.^ and occasionally Quoqholts (from Fort Rupert), some of whom fiiJ employment in digging potatoes, &c., for the settlers. There ari seasons, however, when the camp is nearly deserted. The white population of Comox consists of settlers who are in a fail way of doing well, as this is one of the finest settlements on the island Communication with Victoria is by monthly ssteumer. \M '■ REMOVAL. Deceniher 15. — The steamer Doiiglas arrived to-day with the Aiclj deacon on board. From liim I received instructions to procee immediately to Nanaimo to take the duty at St. Paul's, which was kl unsupplied, the Rev. A. C. Garret having resigned. ■ We started for the Mission, and on the following morning coiij menced a hasty packing up. In the midst of this a settler came whose wrist had been badly bitten by a pig. I had packed all nil things; but fortunately, the Archdeacon had in his pocket-book •small piece of plaster, and with this we managed to close and ilie| itlie wound. After waiting until the evening, and no canoes arriving to take iij things to the steamer, we were obliged to leave them. The Archdeactj and myself then started through the Bush for the bay, where ^arrived wet, cold, and hungry. In the comfortable cabin of t| JDouglas we .soon, however, forgot these little disagreeables. 29 MISSION TO THE TAHK-AIITS. ALBERXr. Missionary— Kev. J. X. Willemab. Cateehist— Mr. H Guillod. AUiemi is the centre of a Mission to the Tahk-ahts, who |iiilml)it twenty villa<;es on the Pacilic Coast. Up tt) the present time little else has been clone beyond laMiuiriuf,' the lan<,niage. It is hoped that during the present Ivear aggressive efforts will be made by visits along the coast. jit is d<;sirable, however, that a third Missionary should be sent, lif jwssible, inasmuch as the visits to Indians so savage shoidd Ibe by two Missionaries in company, while the third remains at [the central station conducting the education of youth in training. The fact of the central station being somewhat isolated is not lii disadvantage, inasmuch as there will l»e less interruption to Itlie educidional work Avhen, as we hope, many children may be liett there by iiarents of distant tribes. There is no other place L well suited for agricultural imlustry, as it is not above fifteen Imiles from Nanaimo as the crow flies, and to which some day a |ioad may be made. In the absence of the Bishop, Archdeacon Ileece resolved to Ivisit the new Mission station at Alborni, both to encourage the iMissionaries, and to report upon the progress of the work there. |The subjoined account of his visit, and journey across Vancouver Island to the Mission Settlement, is full of interest. The map ll'urnished with last year's Report gives a very good idea of the |distance and difficulty of the journey from Nanaimo to Alberni. MISSIONARY JOURNEY OF ARCHDEACON EEECE TO THE TAHK-AHTS. PUEPAnATIONS TO STAIiT. On Monday, July 11, 1870, 1 started from Cowiclian, accompanied by pfr. Lumas and two Indians iielonging to our Mission. Our plan wtvs Ito proceed along the east coast northwards sis far as Qualicum IRiver, and then track our way by compass across the island to the head lofthe Alberni Canal, the seat of the Alberni Mission, which I had long |l)een anxious to visit. Two friends, residents in Cowichan, strong, lactive young men, good hunters and experienred bush travellers, [kindly volunteered to accompany us ; and, personally, I feel much liiidebted to these gentlemen fur tlieir assistance in lighten ng the IdifRcnlties which, .as a neophyte in this special aspect of colonial life, II frequently met with. O.n- little coasting steamer was at tliat time lliiid up for repairs, and this determined the plan of going by canoe. JThe distance from Cowichan to Qualicum River might have been laccomplished, under favoumble circumstances of wind and tide, in two Idivys ; an it was, it took four. Ijfl^ i V if;- I'm. ^:!v i 30 MJSSION TO THE TAIIK-AIITH. CAMP ON THE BEACH. 'V I The first night, after paddling till quite dufik, wo camped on thci sea-beach ; on the second, under stress of Aveather, in a sheltered covol about five miles above Nanairao, protected from the wind and rain by! the friendly boughs of a goodly cedar. On the third night wo camped a short distance up the mouth of Englishman's River, whichl at first we mistook for the Qualicum, and from which we carried away I many smarting reminiscences of innumerable and voracious mosquitoes. I About mid-day on Thursday, the 14th, we struck the mouth of the I Qualicum, which at first we bad some difficulty in finding, owiiur tol the tide 'leing very low and the insignificance of its outlet, winding- itgl way as a mere streamlet through the low, flat, sandy beach. Afterf dragging the canoe over the rapidly forming delta at its mouth, wel ascended a distance of half a mile, and there hid our canoe and al portion of our provisions ; and having made up and shouldered ourl packs and guns, we plunged into the thick brush along the river bauk.| Our directions were to proceed up the left bank of the river about fourl miles, and then cross, taking thence a southerly direction to strike thel eastern extremity of Horn Lake. Hopes had been held out to us of the chance of finding a trail which in former years had been used l»y| the workmen at the Alberni saw-mills on their visits to Nanaimo. r :tf THE FOREST TRAII,. After scrambling for more than an hour through dense underbrushj and stumbling over swampy ground, mainly composed of a perfect network of roots from trees of larger growth, and loosely covered by ii soil that is constantly shifted by the winter floods, we fortuiiatdj struck what appeared to be the traces of an old trail, which led iis over ground somewhat easier to travel, and brought us to tlw desired crossing. The river here finds its way through a narrowi go.'ge, its sides steep i\nd bushy, while the crossing consists of a mass of driftwood, consisting of many a huge giant of the forest piled ovei and across each other in wild confusion, indicating botii the height ti which this river rises in the winter season, and also the volume amj force of the torrent that here rushes onward to the sea. On this afternoon, he wever, the Qualicum appeared contracted to its narrowest summer limits, and far beneath our feet, as we stepped our way aloiij the logs, it flowed as a gentle, shallow, silvery stream. 8eeing no tratf of a trail on the other side, and being imwilling to leave the streanil we followed the bank of the river for about a quarter of a mile in tlij direction of our route, and made camp about 6 p.m. FEARFUL TRAVELLING. The next day wa-s St. Swithin's Day, and, true to the legem), commenced raining shortly after midnight, and when we began to stij at our usual hoiu*, about 4 a.m., our prospects for the day were cold and wet and cheerless. It was generously voted by my companiouj oblif .short imd Our ccdai isileui |iuon( las it Ithe li |broa( liuvay THK RAFT ON THK LAKK. vo cam^tcd on thcl u a sheltered covo' D wind and rain by 10 third night \vo| man's River, which! ch we carried away (racious mosqnitocs.j the mouth of the in finding, owing tol s outlet, winding its landy beach. After a at its mouth, wel d our canoe and a| and shouldered our Llong the river hank.l the river about four! irection to strike tlicj ;eu held out to ns of ars had been used liy| isits to Nanainio. •h dense undcrbruslij niiposed of a perfed loosely covered by i oods, we fortunatel d trail, which led u brought us to \\\< through a narrowi ing consists of a nias: the forest piled ovei J both the height t also the volume m to the sea. On thii acted to its narrowesl tepped our way aloii; Ireain. Seeing no tnia to leave the stream jiirter of a mile in tin M. true to the legend, ij when we began to sti for tlie day were colJ ;ed by my companioi that I should bo relieved from carrying any extra weight ; nnd, after a hearty br'jakfast, we broke camp about (» a.m. for Horn Lake, which wo reached about 1 p.m. 1 find in my diary tho remark, " Fearful travelling ," and certainly, whatever ditiicidties wo had met with on tho previous day were as nothing compared with those that met us on this day ; yet, on our return journey, wo found that they might I have been comparatively all avoided had we kept further away from the river. A UEAU SHOT. However, on our way, Messrs. Lomas and Guillod were successful in shooting a young bear, tho haunches of which were packed along to supply tho probable deficiencies in our commissariat. We had depended ou our guns and finding a sufficiency of game, and in this wore entirely disappointed. On rcacliing the lake, Messrs. (iuillod and Synge set to work at once to construct a raft. Mr. Lomas took his rille and went in search of deer. One of tho Indians collected wood for our camp fire, while I and the other Indian worked at tho camp. Our shelter was a sloping roof of cedar bark ; our bedding consisted of tho tops of tir boughs. The I'aft could not bo finished that evening. ? Ir. Lomas returned unsuccessful as to deer, but successful in tho discovery of a roughly-built canoo and two paddles. Wo gathered round a blazing camp fire, and made a hearty supper off one of Eruin's haunches. Then, after evening prayer and commending ourselves to God, wc stretched ourselves, with smoking pipes, on our soft and leafy bed, aud enjoyed the first comfortable camping night on our journey. TI[E UAFT ON THE LAKK. SatU)'dai/,Jul>/ 16. — At early dawn tho workmen were busy finishing tho raft. We were anxious to get away as soon as possible, hoping at least to get to Alberni before night. Horn Lake is small, and most romantically situated at tho base of lofty mountains, round which it winds for about f.ix miles, in shape like a shai-ply bent-letter S reversed. Wo started abon . 7 a.m., but could not reach the end of tho lake before 1.4-5 I'.M. We took our canoo with us, and, fortunately for our return journey, wc were careful to hido it in a spot away from the raft. On lauding, wc pushed on our way until about G p.m., when we wero [obliged to camp ; and in my diary 1 find noted, " Provisions running Ishort; vimt travel onwards to-morrow, .Sunday notwithstanding;" and so we did, about G A.M., after breakfast and a short matin service. lOur way lay over a rising mountain, and through a forest of gigantic cedar trees. The entire absence of all animal life was marked by a silence almost cjpprcssive ; not a bird or even a squirrel to relieve tho luonotony, — nothing, save now aud again a mournful sob of the wind as it sighed amongst the tops of the cedars. About noon we reached the highest point of our ascent, and looked down upon and across the broad valley of the Somas spread out below us, aud stretching far away to the westward. ■*v If',' 1 1 if :| , r. '• ■,f.-. - ,1' ' ' i, 1 ' d2 MISSION TO TIIK TAHK-AHT8. AIUilVAL. — INDIANS ALAUMKD. We reached the Miaaioii at 5.30 p.m., ami, for myself, fairly tired out. Our arrival was expected. It turned out that two Opee-shesh-aht Iiuliaim I had on the Saturday reached Horn Lake, and, seeing the raft, drew] the inference that a largo party of Nanaimo Indians had come out on tho •' war trail " to redress some outstanding trihal grievance with the Opec-shosh-ahts. They destroyed tho raft, took possession of the ropes, liiistuncd back to their friends, had removed the women and chililrcn to a distant place of safety, and then, with the few men at that time nt Alherni, hud turned out to lie in wait for tho supposed approaohin;^ enemy. As wo neared the MiRsion we heai'd repeated sijots ; and thinking it might be some one connected with the Mission, some of our party fired in reply, hoping to attract attention. I was very sorry to find the Rev. X. Willemar, head of tho Mission, had not rettirncd frbm Victoria. 1 had counted on the pleasure of seeing liini. Mr. Guillod, our Catechist sit the Mission, gave '.:s a hearty welcomo, nothing daunted at the numbers of our party, and delighted thiit ono of tliat number was his own brother. Dinner was already prepared, nnd, substantial as it was, it nppeared to us, who had scraped the last I bono of the l)ear and eaten the last piece of bread, more than equivalent to "all the delicacies of the season," After evening service we werej all thankful enough for refreshment in sleep. Tho next day Mr. (jitiillod gave me an account of the woi it at Mission, while T accompanied I him over the deserted saw-mill and its imuiediate neighbourhood. PROGRESS IN TUB AIIT LANGUAGE. Both he and Mr, Willemar are working patiently at the language, and, about next J uly, Mr. Cjuillod hoped that they would have advanced so far in fluency of speech, and in obtaining such as insight into the Htructure of the languages, as might enable them to commence systematic instruction, which has not yet been attempted. I was able to spend only one day at tho Mission, being anxious to get back to Cowicliiin before Sunday, -and unable, therefore, to examine into matters very closely. ALRRRNI AS A MISSION STATION. I The impression Alherni made on me, however, was that, in a Mission point of view, the principal advantage was the being able to make use of many and convenient buildings at a small cost ; and if only there were a large and permanent Indian population, it would doubtless, in time, become the centre of interesting Mission-work. As it is, it is tlie winter residence of but two or throe small tribes, — the Shesh-ahts and Oiiec-shesh-ahts, &c., who for eight mouths in the year are away, scattered over Barclay Sound, and out of reach of the present available means of instruction. There are various other tribes scattered abouti the Sound and its mouth, which is some forty miles deep, varying iiij breadth and studded with i-slands. The natives principally employi themselves in catching the dog-fish, for the oil of wliich they obtain al THE PEACEMAKERS. 33 slf, fairly tired out. B-sbesh-aht Iiuliaim | ing the raft, drew 8 had come out on grievance with the ession of tlio ropes, ■omen and clnldreu V men at that timu |)posed approacliini:; ! jpeated shots ; and le Mission, some of | tion. I was very 3 Mission, had not vsxire of seeing liini. 8 a hearty welcome, deligiited that ono | as already preparei^, liad scraped the last lore than equivalent ng service we were The next day Mr. while! accompanied] neighbourhood. E. tly at the language, I would have advanced 1 as insight into the them to commence attempted. I was anxious to get back )re, to examine into •vas that, in a Mission ■^iiig able to make use ; and if only there would doubtless, in ,vk. As it is, it is the —the Shesh-ahts and the year are away,! the present available tribes scattered about niles deep, varying in !S principally employ ^ which they obtain a ready sale, at a fair price, from the various trading schooners along the coast. Until the migratory habits which this mode of life neccs>i- tiitcs are broken through, there would appear to bo little prospect of tangible results ; on the other hand, to win the Indian to industrial pursuits on land will bo attended with formidable obstacles, unless some incentive equivalent to the dog-fish oil trade can be raised to counterbalanco it. ISOLATION OP ALBERNI. Our Missionaries at Alberni are entirely isolated — one solitary old Scotchman at a distant farm belonging to the Saw-mill Company, and not easily reached, being the only civilized neighbour. They can be reached from the outer world only by the Straits of Fuca, or by the route wo took. If the former way is taken in a small schooner, it is often far more uncertain and far less comfortable than the overland I journey. It is no matter of surprise, therefore, that, being so isolated — with the Indians leaving them so many months in the year — with no practical means of following after ol* retaining them, they should often- times feel depressed and out of heart at their present inability to do< much. Under these circumstances, it would be worthy of consideration., whether the Mission might not prove more useful if it were transplanted to some spot on the west coast, where there is a larger permanently- resident Indian population. If it bo considered advisable to persevere with the Mission in its present locality for a few years longer, it will be necessary to strengthen the Mission by at least one more assistant, ISO that while one remained at home to take care of the Mission build- ings, the other two might be away, following after and working amongst the Indians in the Sound. To be able to do this successfully, the Mis- sion should also be provided with a small schooner, the usual weather ill the Sound being such as to render any attempts to do this by means I of a canoe much too hazardous to bo undertaken. THE PEACEMAKEIV3. The Indians that accompanied us were not only two of the most I promising connected with the Cowichan Mission, but, fortunately, their physique was such as wc hoped might sustain a critical exami- nation, as the Opee-shesh-ahts, &c., are a iiner-built race than most of those on the east coast that I have seen. The Indians that happened to be at Alberni soon gathered round the Mission-house after our arrival, and they appeared much pleased and interested at the idea of our having made the overland journey to inquire after them. Our [Indians found one amongst them through whom they were able to cora- Imunicate freely with all. We learnt through that channel that the I Alberni Indians were under the impression that the Cowichan and IXanaimo Indians were hostile to them on account of ancient tribal I feuds. Our Indians were eager to remove this impression. They at ouce spoke out for themselves and their tribe, saying that their hearts Iwere being turned ; that they were learning that all their ancient feuds Iwere wrong, and ought to be put away ; that their hearts were good |t(iwards the Alberni Indians, and to all who were learning to become c 34 MISSION TO TIIK TAHK-AIITt«. tho disciples of Jesus Christ ; that thoy were niixiuus to furgot und forgive all tho past, and that thoy nud tlioir fricuds would bo glad [u receive any of the Albcrni Mission Indians as guests at Cowioiiuii iC they would only pay thera a visit, and then thoy would be able to sou and judge for themselves. Much more was said to this ufl'cct, om* friends waxing both warm and energetic, and they appeared to ho preaching as good a sermon on brotliurly union and concord as could be desired. One other good result of our visit was, that our ludiiinh were the meaiis of removing a difficulty between one of tho Alborn: and one of the Nauaimo families ; and that which might have bocu nursed into a grievance was happily followed by a visit of two canoes of Opee-shesh-aht Indians to Nanaimo some time afterwards, and tiic I restoration of confidence and mutual good-will. These are snvdl tilings, confessedly, to speak of, but still they are things to bethaukfid fur, und cheering signs that if we had a more complete and ellectivc machinery at our command, much more, by GuD'ti blessing, might [ confidently be expected. THE llETURN. — LOST IN THE MOUNTAINS. On Tuesday morning, 19th July, our party left Albovni on tho return journey, with the exception of Mr. G. Guillod, wlio remaiiic 1 behind with his brother. We were kindly supplied by Mr. Guillod with provisions to take us to tho Qualicum Iliver, which we hoped t reach on Wednesdav oveninj'. However, wo lost ourselves amoufj thj mountains near Horn Lake, and were obliged to remain in camp thul whole of Wednesday, attempting to verify our position. It was laiii-l ing heavily the whole time, and the mountains were enveloped witlJ thick cloud, thus adding to our perplexities by shutting out of viewj all prominent objects that might have assisted our calculatiuib Notwithstanding all our efforts, we did not veach Cowiohan uiitiil 6 A.M. on Sunday, the 24th. URGENT NEED OF CIIUISTIAN LADOUREUS. There arc several other places besides Alberni, both on the wi- und east coast of Vancouver 'sland, where Missions to the uatiw might be planted with good hope ; and would that self-denying, oariie>t| minded men would come over and help us, whether us priestsi deacons, or lay associates, who, by their lahour, might help to foi| ward our Lord's work. Wc cannot offer pecuniary attractions, but \vl can offer toil and difficulty and hardships, and souls that might b| won ; and for this work we need men of iron constitutions, simpl habits, few wants, trained and devoted to a celibate life, and wit| hearts full of the love of jEisus ; who might go forth in small bauds i three or four to distant fields, and plant the Standard of the Cross, auj become, under God's blessing, centres of expansive force in kiudhuJ fostering, und spreading the Spiritual Life among the heathen triba^ around th.em. This is no picture of worldly attractiveness, it is trtiel but, for tliis very reason, 1 believe that, amid the religious revival il England, there are those who might feel themselves called to realif the blessed fruits that might thus be harvested for God amid the stei| realities of such a Mission life. I-KTTKU FROM Mil. WILLKMAl!. u ious to forgot !unl [a would be glad t^ ^ icHts at Cowiclr.iu if voulcl be ftblc to scu to tbis effect, our loy appeared to be nd concord as could as, tlmt our ludiiinsi I one of the Alborui oh migbt have been I visit of two cauocs 5 afterwards, and the These are snvxll things to be tlumkful omplete and effective Jou's blessing, might I TAINS. left Albovni on tlio| luillod, who remuiuc ' opUod by Mr. Guillod >r, which we hoped 1 1 it'ourselves among tlu' to remain in ciunp thJ losition. It was laui- IS were enveloped witkl shutting out of vicwl sted our calculatioib. each Cowichiui uiitilf We have not received our usual reports of iho Mission to the |Tahk-aht3, ycL we know the Missionarii's Iiavo Ijeen doing faith- tiilly what they ( auld umlur ditVicult cirennistances. Mr. AVillenmr s energy and zeal have boon Honiewhat taxed I at tlie neces.sarily slow advance tlmt can be effected in his si>iritual labours. In such work, residts are slow at first, but, as tiie promise is "after many days," we may well wait in patience lor its fulfilment. A letttsr from him bears out the Archdeacon's I view as to the situation of the Mis.sion : — It would bo a great pleasure to mo to be able to say that our labours among the Alberni Indians have had some success, but, from tiie time I wrote before, tlungg have gone worse. The Indians find it Imore profitable to remain on the coast than to come to Alberni. Now I that there are more traders in Barclay Sound than there used to be, the Inatives obtain a better price for their furs and oil, and goods are sold to I them at a very reasonable price, lower even than at the Mission. HIQRATOUY nAlllTB. Last year, the Indians remained three months only at Alberni ; oven lihe Opee-shesh aht tribe, who have never been known to leave except for Ihunting deer in the interior, have given up their usual occupation and mc down to the coast in order to catch seals and make oil. I have [tried to keep one or two Indians at our place, so that we might learn jihe native language, but T ild not succeed ; so that we have not even Ithe means to learn what i^ absolutely necessary for the success of a iMission. lOUUKlW. jrni, both on the wc; lissions to the nativ vt self-denying, oanR'.>t whether as priests, i )ur, might help to toil liary attractions, but \v id souls that might h on constitutions, simp celibate life, and \yitl » forth iusmallbauusi indard of the Cross, au nsive force in kmcUm; long the heathen tvib ittractivencss, it is tni( the religious revival nselves called to reali I for God amid the steil DIFFICCLTIF.S IN THE WAY 01' MISSION AlUES. The Indians are no^\ much too well off to think of being induced to >mc and settle down it Alberni and cultivate the land : in less than liwo months they are able to make money enough to buy food and flothing for a whole year, and that without much labour. They are lell aware that, if they were to cultivate the land, they would have to rork very hard during the whole year to make /ess than they now do [ly two months of sealing and fishing. I sincerely wish seals and cod- sh would leave Barclay Sound and the neighbouring coast to go omewherc else. SITUATION OK ALUKRNI. Alberni is the best place for a Mission on the west coast, though too ^rfrom the Indian settlements. Even if we were perfectly acquainted with the Indian language, it [ould be almost impossible to visit the Indians at their villages. In [inter the sea is too stormy for a canoe or open boat, and in summer lie Indians are so much scattered along the coast of the Pacific, that it [difficult to find them out. If Alberni could be removed thirty miles loser to the Pacific Ocean, then it woald be an almost perfect situation |r a Mission settlement. c 2 U I : ii.'.i Ml 36 MISSION TO THE TAHK-AHTS. ■I'm \ ¥ i. .< rx I THE TAIIK-AIIT LANGUAGE. The following is an extract from the Mimon Field, May 2, 1870, containing a short account of the language whicli our ^rissionaries at Alberni are endeavouring to acquire, viz. tli language of the Aht tribes : — An account of the Tahk-aht language has been published (Hatchards.) I The author is the Rev, C. Kuipe, formerly a Missionary clergyman much beloved and re- 1 to future Missionaricsl The first few lines oil as a specimen : — \n was the Diocese of Columbia, where he spccted. This little work will afford help who may wish to write a complete grammar, the part that treats of verbs may be taken " So far as I am aware the verbs have no tenses but the present, andj no distinction between the singular and the plural. Time is indicatcdl by adverbs, and the plural, if needed, would, I suppose, be signified byj the universal lamilh, which, however, is far too ubiquitous to be cun sidered a mere verbal termination. The three persons are distinguishei in the following manner, but the terminations, though most generally, are not exclusively attached to the verb, but sometimes to some othe: word in the sentence. Terminations of the first person : ' Ah, tali utl-tah,' and rarely 'sah' and 'mah.' Terminations of the seconi person ' Huk, tuk, ayts.* Terminations of the third person : ' Mah utl-mah, win, twin.' In the third person ella is used when the persoi or thing spoken of is in sight, and win or twin when absent." It is much to be desired that Missionaries of ability and patienci may be raised up for the work of translating the Holy Scriptures am the Book of Common Prayer into this uncouth tongue. In the prefaci there is a brief account of the eighteen tribes that speak in Tahk-ahi The people seem as peculiar as their language. They are all flai headed, for each newborn child is placed at once in a " ny-yuk-put-to,' that is, a cradle in which its head is flattened and its limbs swathei It is kept there for many months till its head is quite flat. Their religion, like that of all North American Indians, is u idolatrous, but pantheistic. Their word for shadow and rejlectiou the same as that for soul ; and a tree, a blanket, a musket, has as muci a soul or spiritual being as a man. This principle underlies all tbeil superstitions and beliefs. . . . Their mythologies are singular, vei numerous, — for they seem to have stories connected with almost ever thing in nature— and often very poetical. The people are by natui violent, brave, and treacherous, and have from time to time engagi in the most horrid wars against, or rather surprises of each other. Ih nearly always attack in the night, and there are instances of whol tribes being thus cut off. In one instance travellers from a distant tri sought shelter for the night, and, while their entertainers slept, roi and killed nearly the whole of them. In another instance, a \\\A tribe while engaged in fishing was caught by its enemies and destroys lioib Fiehl, May 2, iiguago "vvliich ouv ) acqiiire, viz. the Wished (Hatchaids.)! lissionary clergyman j ach beloved and re- 1 future Missionariesj 'he first few lines otj a specimen ; — I but the present, andl . Time is intUcatedj ppose, be signified byl ibiquitous to be con-r rsons are distinguished! lOUgh most gcaerallyJ etimes to some otben st person : ' Ah, tahJ lations of the secono third person : ' MahJ used when the persoJ rhen absent." '• f ability and patiencd e Holy Scriptures and jngue. In the prefacj kat speak in Tahk-ahu e. They are all flatJ }ina"ny-yuk-put-toj and its limbs swathe^ C[uite flat. srican Indians, is no adow and reflection a musket, has as mucl iple underlies all the| gies are singular, ven scted with almost everi le people are by natuJ I time to time engagd ses of each other. Thd are instances of who! Hers from a distant trilf entertainers slept, rol lOther instance, a whol J enemies and destroyel '^. m u m i THE THOMPSON RIVER MISSION. Missionary — Rev. J. B. Good. TiiKur. has boon no abatement of interest during the past year lull the jiart of the Indians of this ^Mission. An important move has been made in taking up a new site and about 150 acres of [laud a sliort distance from the town of Lytton. Owing to the former residence and school being in cjosc Iproximity to public-houses, an adverse influence was constantly exercised among the converts ; and it became absolutely essen- tial for the healthful progress of the work that a change of site hliould be elfected. Accordingly, not without an exi)enditure of nearly £700, the liii'W buildings were sulliciently advanced to enable ^Mr. (Jood, lliis family, and staff of nativi^ helpers and school, to make the liiiove into them in November last. Mr. Good estimates the nund)er of Indians imder Christian liiistruction at 2,000 ; and he sadly wants additional assistance liu ministering to them. We connnence our details with an extract from a letter of Mrs. Good. CHRISTMAS DAY, 18G9. On Christmas morning we had full service with Holy Communion for lilie European residents. Although we numbered but few, we had a |iaost delightful service. Offertory 14 dollars. The Indians assembled about 2 o'clock, in number about 200. All Irowded into the school-room, where the service lasted till 4. PROTRACTED SERVICES. y*i Sunday, 2(Jtk. — Cold rainy day ; Indians from all the villages in Ireat numbers, with chiefs and watchmen ; we have a great revival oing on among them. Service lasted from 10 till 4. Prom 4 till 0, more private services were held ; examination, disci- iline, receiving penitents, &e., including "rebuke to open sinners." After this, again we had an European service, at which were present iveral men who had never attended before : we trust that this may bo beginning of a better life. i 38 TUB THOMPSON RIVER MISSION. ■rnkt f m ( ■'.?.;;'. !!; I- ilM pjm Saturday, Januar If \. — Bitter cold day; wind NNE. Long linos of Indians filing in from all quarters of our district. !Mr. Good driven to his wits-end to pack them, while more still were on their way for Sunday. Sundai/, January 2. — Fine day, no wind. The boys built a large fire in the middle of the school-yard, and, at 10 o'clock, assembled some 500 Indians. Service continued without intermission till 4 o'clock. Fancy this scene : Indians in all colours (all much cleaner than for- merly) seated on the ground, and a clergyman, with his white robes, in the midst, all grave, earnest, and reverently worshipping. The more private service (after only 3 minutes' intermission) was carried on in the schoolroom. At this time the chiefs, watchmen, and others, ususilly make speeches. RF.PEOOF ACCEPTFD. I One man, a powerful chief, much respected and feared by his people, and who, a short time ago, was publicly reproved by Mr. Good, said " that Mr. Good was like a true father ; if we do wrong, he punishes us, but // ive repent, he is always ready with both hands to receive us and treat us like sons : his heart never leaves us, even when we are bad ; and this is why we feel it good, and we know it is God's way." WATCHMEN. • Every village or camp has its appointed watchman, who leads tlie private diiily prayei's, exhorts, reproves, and reports all, good or bad, to Mr. Good. These men are mighty agents, and marked men, known oi all thft tribe. There is one village where a number of bad characters live, amont; them one or two medicine-men ; the good Indians of the village wished to have a watchman selected for themseh , but the bad ones said that if one were selected, they would at once kill him. However, one was chosen yesterday, and two catechumens admitted. January 3. — To-day, after a shaking of hands all round, the Indian? | 'jok their departure to their several (some very distant) homes. * CONTINUED SUCCESS. February 12, 1870. — Mr. Good writes as follows : — Our Sunday services are weekly crowded, numbering over -jOO anil sometimes reaching up to 400 or 500, compelling me to have servici in the open air, winter though it be j whilst vve keep adding to our I catechumen list in a surprising way — thus increasing one's pastoral J responsibility, and making the demand for additional help from horn' one of stronger and more pressing concern from day to day. APPI.ICANTS FOR CHRISTIAN TEACHING REFUSED. I was obliged to refuse the request of 100 fresh applicants tor Christian teaching, as I cannot undertake more. The itinerating work] INDIANS APl'KECIATE WHAT IS DONK FOR THEM. 39 of this Mission, as well as the home work, are as much as I can already manage, without entering upon more. " A BETTER AND MORE EXCELLENT WAY." We have a most active body of native co-workers, headed by Mashiatan (now, by the Providence of God, restored to health), who are unceasing in their efforts to bring their wandering acquaintance to the house of God, and, through their help, we have been able to rescue well-nigh the whole of the unhappy native fallen women from a course of vice, and they may now be seen frequenting the Sunday and week-day services, where they seem to take a pleasure in hearing of God and learning about " a better and more excellent way." Gambling has been well-nigh wholly suppressed ; our people are now industrious, peaceable, and attentive to social duties. The other day I was in a large " keekwoUey " across the river, and I was delighted with tha general appearance of the interior, and with the aspect of the inmates thereof. The way, too, in which they blessed their simple fare, the respect paid to the elders, and the manner in which they treated myself, were all significant of a happy transition- old things passing away, and many becoming new. THE PETITE PROPERTY. The Petite property is still under negotiation. The Government have dealt hardly witli us ; and, although they have at length agreed to give us a lease of the whole, yet it is only for ten years, and at an annual charge of oO dollars, which I have agreed to pay conditionally. PROORESS. — LAND ALLOTTED TO THE INDIANS. Moj/ 3. — Since my last letter matters have progressed very favour- ably. I am at this moment writing from Petite's old house and ranch, occupied by Ualee and the boys, where we have in a short time effected a very pleasing transformation. Our flag is flying in front of the house, that all our people may know where to find mo. The lower flat has boon divided up among Sashiatan's followers and tlioso of Spintlum: this I made a point of ; specially helping Senaquia and Soofeeoali, two of the oldest of my catechumens, and who con- stantly go forth as exhorters upon the Sunday. I am in hopes that they will in a short time bo able to make a comfortable living by sale, as well as use of, their garden produce. I REFUfiED. INDIANS AITKKCIATK WHAT IS DONE FOR THEM. It is most encouraging and refreshing to see how thoroughly the Thompson Indians ap[)rociate this endeavour to assist them in procuring an honest and reliable means of subsistence ; and ifwc had obtained no other advantages by purchase of Petite's rights than the ability to help I our catechumens in this thoroughly practical way, I think that any one 40 THE THOMPSON RIVER MISSION. Imn I. who considers the matter fully would agree that the money expended was not at all rashly laid out. But we have secured besides many other most valuable and needful advantages, and it will only require a year or two to pass away, and things to progress quietly and surely under God's blessing, as they are, I trust, now doing, to convince the most sceptical that we have acted wisely, prudently, and opportunely in at once making sure our position ir. this spot. I should like to designate this new site St. Paul's Mission Home, or, more briefly, " St. PoJil's." EASTER SERVICES. JIai/ 3, 1870. — We have had wonderfully exciting and telling services this Easter season. The Indian congregation of over /iOO souls, gathered from all parts of our district, and from parts even beyond, presented, in theiy clean, picturesque, and earnest mien and appearance, a picture of moral interest that was, perhaps, not surpassed Ijy any other assembly upon this Northern Continent on tliat great Christmas festival. 1 wish you could have heard their thrilling Hallelujahs, .i?, following upon the well-known lines of the hymn, "Jesus Christ is risen to-day," one could imagine that, in pleasing actuality, the words of the propliot of old were realised, and that " From the end of the earth have been heard songs, even ' Glory to the righteous.'" INDIAN OIIURCU COXTKMl'LATED. I Iiopi> to have the native church proper ready for opening by Eastor. 1871. The cost will be at least ,£400. One quarter of this, I trust, will be subscribed by tljo Indians themselves, and other friends of the Church who reside in this locality. This cliurch is sadly needed. In August, j\rr. Good -writos respecting his wovk of t]:' previous portion of the year. 800 CATECHrMKXS. We have (during the last quarter) been permitted to add ono hundred to our list of full catechumens, making our entire band of disciplined and closely g'^arded probationary disciples mount up t'l well-nigh eight hundred of both sexes, the whole, with few exceptions, being of adult age; and the majority also married, with a numerous progeny that will, as they grow up, be sure to imitate their elders, and conform to our teaching. 4,000 INDIANS UNDER INSTRUCTION. I estimate, therefore, the number of the disciples at large, younir and old, to be at least two thousand (Mr. Holmes having under him k the Yale district learly as many more) ; whilst we are continually receiving fresh aouitions to our ranks, and have inquirers seeking us MODE OF SEUVICE. 41 money expended iides many other ^ require a year md surely under nvince the most )pportunely in at like to designate , "St. Paul's." ,nd telling services over aOO souls, arts even beyond, n and appearance, surpassed l^y any \l great Christmas ag Hallelujahs, as, rds of the proph.i 10 earth have been opening by Easier. ter of this, I trust, other friends of tlio sadly needed. lis Avork of tl:' from most distant parts, attracted by the fame of our teaching and growth. I have been greatly assisted by an earnest and growing body of native auxiliary exhorters, who have done much to stir and kindle up religious feeling and enthusiasm in the breasts of their countrymen and countrywomen. My chiefs, head-men, and watchmen of the respec- tive sections into which the Mission district is divided, are apparently thus far all good men and true ; and we have not had an instance of any of our people offending against the civil law since my last report. SUNDAY GATHERINGS. Our Sunday gatherings have occasionally been of a kind to deserve the title of monster or mass meetings, requiring one to conduct Divine service in the open air, and that, too, in the depth of winter. Perhaps I shall best illustrate our work by giving a simple description of my proceedings a Sunday or two ago. Upon the Saturday previous, Indians began to stream into the town from all quarters, some on foot and some mounted. They were of all ages, and both sexes. The point of ren- dezvous was, of course, our Mission quarters, where I was incessantly engaged from noon till late in the evening receiving the successive arrivals of tired, hungry, yet bright and cheerful-looking Indians, inquiring after their welfare, distributing certificates, in the case vJ those who had not hitherto been numbered amongst our outward con- c:rcgation, and accepting such as wished, alter trial, to be advanced to the rank of full catechumens (the reception of such always taking place in public upon the lollowing day), administering to the sick, as well as ;ittending to the many other matters of general interest, and closing the 1 'I •mitted to add ono our entire band ot ;iples mount up t'> ivith few exceptions, d, with a numerous ;ate their elders, and )N. nles at large, younr: having under him m we are continually inquirers seeking U3 whole by evensong, and a brief exhortation concerning the duty of preparing both body and soul for acceptably worshipping the God of our salvation on His own most holy day. After this service, and shaking of hands with aU present, my interpreter takes my place, and he has frequently had to spend the greater part of the night in answering ques- tions of religious moment put to him by anxious inquirers, instructing those who live at a distance in committing to memory prayers and hymns with which he is more familiar than themselves, and affording such other kindly aid as it may lie in his power to bestow. His cares and his responsibilities on such occasions are, therefore, almost as great as my own. Early the following movnlng fresh arrivals were asking to see my face ; and, by the time our second bell had been 1 hundred Indians were gathered together in God's 1 school fence and enclosure. name some four within the MODE OF SERVICE. As I surveyed the assembled and expectant crowd, composed of wor- shippers who had come from far and near to join in this solemn act of I worship, I deeply felt my need of the Divine aid and blessing. Then, on our knees, we all together invoked the presence of God's Holy Spirit in those well-known lines, so sweet sounding in the Thompson Indian 1 tongue, sung to the tune of Mekomhe, " Come, Holy Spirit, heavenly 4.; Ml : M 42 TIIK THOMPSON UIVEU MISSION. h''m! !•■ i I, dove," &C. After which two preparatory collects are used, and then. all standing, a perfect burst of song was to be heard as one and all joined in the prodigal's Tament and prayer : " I will arise and go tn my Father." After this follows the exhortation, in which the congre- gation repeat after me the five great objects of coming together for public worship. I have from the first seen the great importance of this kincf of catechetical instruction, and my first brief formula has been the question : " Why do we come to church ?" and then, subsequently, I have enlarged the address, until, as now, our translation embodies tlio exhortation as it stands in the Prayer Book. After proceeding with a further description of the .service. Mr. Good says : — Then, in place of the Psalms, I always repeat the fifte'^ntli Psalm after ,this fashion. In the hearing of all present I ask the two questions : — 1. Lord,' who shall dwell in Thy tabernacle'? i.e. (Church on e.irth). 2. Wlio shall rest upon Thy lioly hill 1 (rest in heaven lierc- after) ; and then, breaking up the answer into its component parts', tlic reply is made first by myself, and then by all simultaneously ; so tli.it the whole is now well riveted in the minds of all our more constant attendants, who in turn impart their knowledge to thoiO less fortunatr than themselves. I conclude with the announcement — " As many as observe these things shall remain amongst the number of the faithful."' We then sing "Guide us, Thou Great Jehovah ;" after which ;i select number of suitable passages from Holy Scripture, with explana- tions and applications, are given, always prefaced with the exhortation " To-day, if ye will hear His voice, harden not your hearts." ]>etwtcn each portion of Scripture, &c., we sing a verse or more of hymns which I have no doubt will live for ever in the memories of the Indians, sucli as "Rock of Ages, cleft forme" — "All people that on earth do dwell,' "To bless Thy chosen race " — " Children of the Heavenly King." ADMISSION OF CATECHUMENS. At this time wo sometimes receive catechumens, which is always an impressive act ; and some one or two of our chief Indian speakers give a short address, urging upon all the importance of listening to the good Word. The-e men are now accustomed to illustrate their mcaninj: when they speak, and I myself rarely teach without using one or two familiar parables or symbols ; such a method of teaching being he>t calculated to make a lasting impression on the Indian mind. The recitation of the Creed has always been made a matter of grave ini portance ; and though our translation at first was necessarily very imperfect, it served to familiarize the people with the great truths o! the Christian religion ; and I have been careful to train all engaged in this deliberate expression of a Christian's faith to do lowly reverence at the Sacred Name. Most of the prayers and ofiices of the Church are chanted by the congregation, a high-pitched voice being natural and invariably used by the Indians, as well as by most other heathen people, in their acts of worship, and on any occasion of importance whon emotion is called forth. I'BOMISINa CONVKIITS. 43 used, ami thou, [ as one and nil arise and go to j\nc\\ the congrc- ling together fuv it importance ot formula has been ten, subsequently, tion embodies tho of tlie serviir. )eat the fifte'^ntli jsent 1 ask the two ,\ei;.e. (Church on est in heaven hen- imponent parts, the .taneously; so that our more constaut tho-e less fortunate lent— " As many as jerof the faithful."' ah ;" after which 11 kure, with explana- rith the exhortation r hearts." r.etwtGii ore of hymns which of the Indians, such ; on earth do dwell, ' javenly King." I which is always an Indian speakers give listening to the gooil trate their mcaiunj: [ut using one or tw" teaching being host Indian mind. l»t matter of grave im was necessarily very the great truths ot , train all engagcl ni ido lowly reverence at L of the Church arc Ice being natural and 1 other heathen people. of importance 'vhon A further dot.-iil of tin- sv ...vii hi not necduJ : what is ftivt'ii will serve to show tliiit Mr. (Jood, v/hilo confoviniii;:^' to the necessity of suitin;,' his method of worship iind instruction to the capacities iind character of the people amongst whom lie is lal)Oiirin<>-, is conscientiously careful to preserve the spirit of onr own acts of ]mlili(; worslii]) l>y milking' our Liturgy the hasis and model of all he attempts. niST.VNT visiTons. On the Sunday morning in question, a sermon followed upon the prayers, itc, ; then, at two p.m. there was another service and address, and coses of discipline were examined into. This (says Mr. Good) brought our afternoon exercises to a close. Then, a huge shaking of hands followed, when I generally have a word of caution, sympathy, or encouragement for each in turn ; and returning to my house, I attend to any sick cases that may await my examination and assistance. I had, on this Sunday, however, scarcely rejoined my family when two chiefs and attendants rode up to the door, one of them having come from a distance of 1;jO miles from Lytton. They were Siniil kameen chiefs, and the greater of the two had held aloof from mo for a long time past, simply from fear of what a Roman priest in his neighbour- hood might do to check his gravitating towards our centre of work. He could, however, keep away no longer, and it was really very touching to listen to his manly utterances concerning his difficulties and heart's desires. I received him cordially, but neither in his case nor in any other do I ever permit myself to say, " Come over to us," lest our motives should be misunderstood ; but the result is, that this very constraint on our part makes them all the more anxious to cast in their lots with us. 1 arranged to have a special Evening Service, at which our new and distinguished visitors might have an opportunity of judging for themselves what kind of fruit is springing from the Gospel tree here planted, and I was thankful to receive from them assurances of most cordial appreciation of all they had witnessed that night. The next morning I h.ad a great leave-takin^', so many chiefs and head-men having been in attendance the day before ; and it was well-nigh evening before the school-room was clear of departing friends. ^Ir. Good gives an account of several of liis most promising converts. I'ROMISINO CONVrCUTS. Sashiatan, an earnest, uncompromising, and sincere Christian. His resolute efforts' to put down gambling have well-nigh extinguished it. Having recovered his strength after months of weakness, like a giant refreshed with the new wine of the Gospel, he ceases not night and day to lead his people to the Fountain of Living Waters, and to rescue them from the thraldom of evil. In this he is ably seconded by Spintlum, who, though not free ficii frailty, has his heart, I believe, 44 THE THOMPSON RIVEU MISSION. t ' towards (3ocl, Shako — most potent man for good or evil— guilty ol taking to himself another wife in addition to tiio one with whom he has long cohabited, is brought at length to make touching confession of his faults, to reform his household, and is i'orcmost in attendance upon our ministry, as well as a laudable example of industry from day to day. Tekokeaman, of Si&ka, a wicked, wild, reckless man, converted Into a diligent^ hardy, and willing soldier of the (Jross. Shinimitseo, chief of Cook's Ferry, so indefatigable in his efforts to second our endeavours, having ventured to become a secret polygamist, in despair of obtaining a son and heir by his apparently barren wile, has been induced to purge himself from such complicity, and ho is again without reproach. And what shall 1 say of poor Quonilquali, the blind chief of Simil kameen f He is one who regards himself in the light of Bartimcus of old, and, being led by the hand, has come all the way from Nicholas to follow Jesus. Time and space would fail to tell of others of botli sexes who make the greatest sacrifices for the sake of serving God, and who, being new-clothed and in their right minds, are continually to be found sitting at the feel of Jesus, and hearing His words. TEMPORAUY LODGINGS. .Sfjitcmher 28, 1870. — Wo have removed out of Lytton to occupy, temporarily, Petite's old house, expecting fully to have the new Mission residence ready for occupation by the end of October. I am sure you will be greatly pleased with tho building, position, and general effect ; and that you will have no hesitation in acknowledging the money appropriated to tho undertaking to have been satisfactorily expended in detail. " NOTHING LOST." I have, by means of native help, taken down all buildings upon the School lot in Lytton, and then, bringing the -^ame to this site, have, out of the whole, erected, just behind the bain, a structure 40 feet by IrJ feet, to serve as a church, school, &c., tih a better one can be sub- stituted. I have put into it tho large old stove, which will make it '(|urte comfortable in the worst of weather. 1 have also taken down and brought away the larger tenement we brought from McKully, and, besides securing doors and windows, shall be able to turn to account every inch of material so transported. The remaining tenement I have converted into a church for the white population, and we all think it serves the purpose very well indeed. UNDERGROUND ACCOMMODATION. The KeekwoUey house ^ need not be built for some six weeks hence. It will, wl.:n built, be under the charge of Senaquia, and will furnish sleeping accommodation to those who attend our Sunday services from a distance. You will easily understand that this is an indispensable provision. 1 An excavated house rofed over ami lighted from the top. These jwiuter houses sometimes contain several hundred people. •; evil— guilty ol with whom he Ljhing confession t in attendance idustry from day } man, converted 53. Shinimitseo, 8 to second our laniist, in despair n wife, has been I is again without i, the blind chief • in the light of !Oinc all the way iild fail to tell of cs for the sake of r right minds, are , and hearing His Lytton to occupy, fc the new Mission ■. 1 am sure you md general eifect ; edging the money iiactorily expended juildings upon the this site, have, out ructure 40 feet by or one can be sub- which will make it larger tenement we and windows, shall . transported. a church for the purpose very well A NATIVE CONVERT BUILDS A CIIUnCH. AN IMPOllTANT EVENT. 45 Novemhn' .3, 1S70.— You will, I know, be highly gratified to hear from me that wo arc now most comfortably established in our Xtw Home, and that it more than realises our anticipations respecting the pleasant change it would bo in contrast with our former accommodations and surroundings. ^ly own desire is now to erect the native church on this same site as soon as funds permit. CHIMNEY-CORNEn. The Mission buildings possess an open fire-place, which is a great success. We carried it up with bricks above the ceiling, thence to the roof, and outside thick sheet-iron formed into the shape of a chimney stack. This ensures the durability of the structure, since the clay bricks obtained here would not have borne the weather. This fire-place is the joy of our household hearth, the room attached being very spacious, with a glorious prospect. In a recent letter we have the following good news from Mr. Go'd. He says: — It is not a little pleasing and satisfactory to be able to add that the year has closed in upon us with much that is encouraging in the retrospect of the past and the contemplation of the future. In addition to having secured our long-coveted Mission site outside Lytton, and our having completed our dwelling and schoolroom, we have the gratifica- tion of feeling now that — 1. Peace reigns throughout our camps — we hear of no quarrels ; 2. We are organically, I believe, more united than ever ; 3. The district is unvexed by sectarian strife or intrusion ; 4. Our proselytes are, for the most part, increasingly industrious ; and though this year there arc neither berries nor salmon, there is little complaint, and no revival of the old superstitious ways of accounting for the lack ; 5. Individuality is more marked. Some happy deaths have been noted^ and converts have then given cheering testimony of knowing in Whom they have believed ; 6. The church is well attended, and the fact of its being removed a mile from the main village aifords some test of the sincerity of our hearers in waiting on our minist'-y j 7. Sunday is now universally observed throughout the stations, whilst in the European town the stores are now closed and Sunday traflSc has decreased ; 8. Our whut; congregations improve ; 9. There is less im- morality, and a kindly feeling towards us is shown on all sides. six weeks hence. It a, and will furnish nday services from a 13 an indispensable ;he top. These jwiuter A NATIVE CONVERT BUILDS A CHURCH. We eagerly long for the Bishop's return, when we hope that a goodly number of catechumens will be presented for Holy Baptism. Greatly (to I desire to have ready at the same time our permanent Mission church. I appeal on every side for aid. I should also be thankful to receive help towards the erection of a Christian village, and the support of a training school : as also to be able to aid our chiefs and head men r 46 HOPE AND YALK MISSION. in impruving their own houses and iti building small chapels. One devoted old man hua ulready by his own unaided exertions put up between Lytton and Lillooot a building to serve as a house uf God fur all his neighbourhood ; this only lacks a good window and a few internal fittings to make it decently fit for its purpose.' HOPE AND YALE MISSION. Missionury — Rev. D. Holmes, 'I' This Mission embrace's a district ol' some sixty iiiiltis in lunyth along the Iliver Eraser. The town of Yale is the heail of navi- gatitin, about lUl) miles from the mouth of the river. A narrow gorge causes the vast torrent to be impassable l>y boats. Higher up, however, the river is again navigable. The great road to Cariboo, through the Cascade Mountains, begins here. At Yalo is a church and parsonage for the English population : tlujre is also au Indian school chapel. At Hope, fifteen miles down tlu- river, is also a parsonage and church. Here also is the Mission farm, on which are many gardens entrusted to Indian families. The Re\. David Holmes is the /.eah)us and successful Mis- sionary both to the Europeans and Indians. Ly the former hu is much respected, and his influence is great with the latter. There cannot be less than 1,000 Indians under Chiistian instruc- tion, of whom 300 are enrolled Catechumens. We give e.vtracts from Mr. Holmes's letter : — Fi'hruary 28, 1870. — The work continues to progress in my dis- trict. I said there was a move amongst the Indians, and I was right iu my impressioiia, for it has resulted in an increase beyond my most sanguine expectations. I go on quietly and consistently, and they come to mo better than if I used a great deal of persuasion. Yesterday our chapel was crowded, there was the largest congre- gation we have ever had, and that on an oi-dinary day. 300 Catechu- mens are now enrolled, and I have about 100 more to enroll. My choir of boys yesterday consisted of 20. I have 10 hoys from Spuzzini and 2 from Tickolous. I am teaching them the service and hymns. Besides these I have the ordinary boys at school. In one of Mr. Holmes's letters he had mentioned the desire of several chiefs to have chapels erected in each Indian village. He had calculated that if money could be found to the extent of 10?. or 12/., he could with that purchase sufficient rough lumber to put up a simple village chapel, himself and the Indians per- HKALITY OF THK >Vol!K. 47 I chapels. One portions put up lOUse of God for idow and a few )N. miles in leuglU liu head of navi- •iver. A narrow ,y boats. lligl>^'>' lie <^rcat road to s hero. At Yalo ulatiou: tlusre is 1 miles down thi- Iso is the Mission Indian families. , successful IMis- By the former he ^ with the latter. Christian iustruc- \Vc ^ive extracts .rogress in my dis- m^, and I was right beyond my most isistently, and they persuasion. the largest congrc- day. 300 Catechu- lore to enroll. My 1 boys from Spuzzmi service and hymns. ioned the desire of ,ch Indian village, tid to the extent oi lent rough lumber d the Indians l>cr- fonuing the labour iind finditig what more wiis r(M|uire(l. A f«;w of these have been s\i|.ph(!d by kind friends in Kn;,'hind, and allusion is made to the fact in the foUowin'' extract from a letter dated July IS, 1870 :— SITES SKOUIIKD. 1 am very much encouraged by the Uitcrcst wliicli seems to bo manifested towards my work and by the aid wiiich is being rendered. I hope soon to bo able to got everything in good order. There is a small debt on tho Indian Chapel at Yule, but 1 hope it will bo liqui- dated before long. If it is not 1 cannot blame myself, for I am neither ashamed to dig nor bog, but yet I prefer digging. The warden of St. Augustine kin.c^^- sary. And in a country like England, whenever the object is good, I money has always been forthcoming. Thiinks to the noble liberality of Miss IJurdctt Coutts, the Bishop of Columbia has already ilum,' immense good. The Church Missionary Society has not been Itack ward, as is nobly evinced by the success of Mr. l)uncan. Finally, let me state that if with all the truth and earnestness whiclil is in me, I have endeavoured to point out the causes of error audi failure in Missionaries, it is with the best intentions. Nothing can bel gained by concealment in such matters. Detter that kind admonitioul MR. DUNCAN'S APPEAL. 51 tribe by inti r- ,re he brings war s wives away— lefore he hastily are not attended avy is always too ially active new ils his way he will ,cs located avound upon all Mission joloiiial laws, to \.e re great, there are ;hoose to purcho^sL, sets empty, i}^'- om debauches wit i to get spirits, will As to ove.'v HIS sources, nion that in rtfrh such education ibr being contentca pociety and civih/.a- ove all be an earncHt aeu are Hcnt out u^ are entirely against have tlie i>/(»/'«"/ ■' barbai-ous people. vose hearts incline t. Ax the labourers av, or Ishuid is as yet uu lliver tho places ;'-!w would be little u,. ilization. Men, 1 .v" money is also n.x. jr the ol^ject is :bc Fraser lany other should come from a friend among friends, while there yet remains time to remedy faults, than that such error and failure should he noised abroad by foes to the disadvantage of the cause we all have at heart, when it is too late to be of any use. (food During the past year, 1870, Mr. Duncan paid a visit to England, after thirteen years' absence ; and the following extracts are from an appeal lie put forth for lielp in his good work : — MR. Duncan's appeal. But it is with the future of this little Christian community that this appeal has to do, and on account of which the Missionary has come for a few months to this country. Thus far the advance which the settlement has made in secular mattev-s, and the cost of the same, have been sustained by the settle- mon i • 'If ; but now help is needed if the natives are to go still forv The spirit of improvement which Christianity has engen- dei .. ..iihin this people needs fresh material and knowledge in order to develope itself. The sources of industry, at present in the hands of tiie ludiang, are too limited and inadequate to enable them to meet their increased expenditure as a ('hrislian and civilized community, who are no longer able to endm*e the rude huts and half-nakedness of the savage. Again : numbers of young ' men are growing up in the Mission who want work, and work must be found for them, or mischief will follow, — the mischief being that these now promising youths will be attracted to the settlement of the whites in the colony, where numbers of them will be sure to become the victims of the white men's vices and diseases. But who is to supply and direct the labour for these young men 1 for there is no capitalist in the settlement to provide employment, all I being alike poor. Further, if these Indians as a Christian community are ever to bo I able to support respectably their own Chi-istian ministers and school I teachers, they must first be enabled to support themselves respectably lis Christians ; hence they must bo supplied from the civihzed world [with new sources of profitable labour. 1st. The Missionary, therefore, now proposes, while in England, to [acquire a knowledge of some simple trades, to buy the machinery re- o the noble hbeniiityB(jyj^.gjj . ^^^ g^ ^^^^^ ^^ l^jg people, erect workshoi>s, and inaugurate \,ia has already *^l'-'"*^Bthose new modes of industi"- which, when once started, will support has not been l''ick-Bjjjg^jggj^,gg )uncan. , . , B 2nd. It is further proposed to assist this little Ciiristian community [to erect for themselves a new church and a school-house, also to rebuild [the village: their houses to be model houses, and their village a piodel village wliiclJ ill nil' and earnestness le causes of error ions. Nothing can k [ that kind admonitiouj p^^, although there does at present exist a building used for a D 2 I 1 52 CHYMSEAN AND NASS MISSION. frm'i church and school at Metlacatia, and the houses of the settlers there are strikingly in advance of the ordinary Indian houses, yet, all having been built somewhat hastily, with few means at command, and while the community were in a state of transition, the village is far from being what we ought to have as a permanent model settlement. It is not, however, proposed to do more than assist the Indians in building their houses, and providing them with windows and nails, itc. And if in the providence of God and by His blessing, such tem- poral good is ever to be effected in that far distant land — though the benefit would especially belong to the Christian people of Metlacatia — yet indirectly very much good would come to every surrounding tribe of Indians. Thousands of heathen natives would be attracted to the spot, where they would hear the Gospel preached, and see Chris- tianity in its outward and temporal aspect, as well as mark it in the lives of the, Christian Indians ; thus the difficulty to reach this thinly- scattered family of the human race, and the impossibility of finding Christian teachers enough for every tribe, would in a measure be met. The money cost to carry out this scheme to its full exteut is estimated to be not less than G,000/. ; but it is not intended to take one farthing of the amount from the regular income of the Society. An especial appeal is now therefore made to the Christian philan- thropist. Whatever may be contributed for these industrial object? will be applied as far as they go towards their realization. It is to be deplored that temporally the Indians have been hitherto losers by their contact with the whites : their beautiful lands and rivers have been taken fi'om them by a strong hand ; vices and diseases of the worst type have been sown amongst them, and tlieir very existence threatened. Let the Christian philanthropist come to the rescue ; be it his to bless and to be blessed, after the example of { his Divine Lord and Master. VISIT TO GREAT YARMOUTH. During Mr. Duncan's visit to England, he spent a couple oij days with the Eev. E. Dundas, who was previously one of tlu Clergy of British Columbia, and had baptized converts iiii Metlacatia. Mr. Dundas sends us some account of Mr. Duncans | address at a meeting at St. Jolin's, Great Yarmouth. Mr. Duncan (says Mr. Dundas) began his simple, unadorned narrative of his work at Metlacatia by reminding his hearers hu, sensible he was of the fact that all success there was due to God, amlj to God alons. And, indeed, those who, like myself, have ministercf at the Mission, know well that no man could have done that workj except God were with him. He then went on to describe his call *f the work, — how it arose from an offer made to him by CaptiiiJ Prevost, R.N., when in training for a schoolmaster at Highbury. HI narrated in order his departure, his arrival in Victoria, and tlij various discouragements from unsympathizing and timid men whic| met him at every step. MR. DUNCAN'S ADDRESS AT GREAT YARMOUTH. 53 of the settlers I houses, ypt, all ^t comniand, and the village is fav )del settlement. d the Indians m 3W8 and nails, «.tc. leasing, such tera- land— though tlic ople of Metlacatlu every surroundiiv^ aid be attracted to bed, and see Cbris- as mark it in tht o reach this thinly Possibility of finding , a measure be met. , its full e^^^^'^ '' lot intended to take come of the Society. he Christian philaii- se industrial objects iilization. ,3 have been hitherto beautiful kndsand ,no hand ; vices and >„|st them, and theiv lilanthropist come to ! after the example ot L spent a couple o> leviously one, ot tlu' faptizccl converts m '3mitot'Mr.l>wnC'Ui>| jirmoutli. [is simple, unadovucdl Inding his beai-ers uu., Ic v,^ due to GOD, a» wself, have ministered H have done that wor In to describe his cal A % to him by CarH hater at Highbury. J tl in Victoria, and tiii [g and timid men vvb.c E.VRLY TRIALS AND DIFFICULTIES. He then feelingly touched upon that which seemed to him the greatest of his trials when commencing his Mission work, viz., the weariness of waitimj: waiting not for results, though that was weary enough afterwards, but waiting to he; them. But to that end the Mission must be strengthened and enlarged by the bringiUj^ in of men ordained to minister these means, ^tr. Duncan's hesi- tation to be ordained creates a difficulty ; but it seems to me that the C.^r.S, ai*e bound to find a speedy solution of it. My own earnest hope is that Metlacatla may be found in days to come what it certainly is to a great extent now, — a centre of Christian light. But the Church is the truest keeper and extender of that light, and a Missionary sta- tion full of baptized Christians with no ordained ministry must speedily I cease to be a Chunk Missionary station at all. It certainly is unfortunate that several clergymen who have leen sent to assist ^fr. Duncan have, from various causes, been unable to remain. Tiie IJev. R. Tomlinson, however, of Nass, 4xty miles ofl', comes occasionally, and visits by other clergy are nlso made. 5G TEEATAIENT OF INDIANS. TREATMKXT OF INDIANS IN TIIR UNITED STATES — I'UE.SIDENT ORANT's MESSAGE — TESTIMONY TO MISSIONS. ••*7 Most «nhapi)y have been the relations between the native Indian and the wliito man in the United States. Hardly a month j)assos withont some record of bloodshed and massacre. One week, recently, in the American con'espnndence of the Times, was announced the destruction of seventy Indians, men, women and children, by the soldiery, wliose commanding officers had fixed the time of attack •when the po,or creatures would be in a defenceless condition. Another week we are told of 300 Indians being seen ahead of a railway train, crossing the line, when the engine was put at full speed, driven into them, and thirteen were killed. Yet the United States Govern- ment had spent large grants, with benevolent intention, for the good of the native race, but with no results of improvement or a better feeling. The fact is, that only secular means have been tried, and these have failed. To the honour of President (Jrant, a new system has now been inaugurated under his administration, and the publi grants are to be connected with religion (for the improvement of tl'- native race). The following extract is from the annual Message of tlit President, delivered December 5, 1870 : — " Reform in the management of Indian affairs has received tlic special attention of the Administration from its inauguration to the present day. The experiment of making it a Missionary work was tried with a few agencies given to the denomination of Friends, and has been foiuid to work most advantageously. All agencies and' superintendences not so disjuiscd of were given to officers of the army. The Act of Cougress reducing the army renders army officers ineligible for civil positions. Indian agencies being civil offices, I determined to give all the agencies to such religious denominations as had lioic- toforc established Missionaries among the Indians, and, perhaps, to some otiier denominations who would undertake the work on tlie same terms — i.e., as a Missionary work. The Societies selected arc allowed to name their own agents, subject to the approval of the Executive, aud are expected to watch over tliem and aid them as Missionaries, to Christianize and civilize the Indian, and to train liiiii in the arts of peace. Ti»e Government watches over the official acts of these agents, and requires of them as strict an accountability as if they were appointed in any other manner. I entertain the con- fident hope that the policy now pursued will, in a few 3'ears, bring aF the Indians upon reservations, where they will live in hoiTses, have school-houses and churches, and will be pursuing ])caceful and ?ch- sustaining avocations, and where they may be visited by the law abiding white man with the same impunity that he now visits ti:i s. KSIDENT grant's the native Indian y a month passes )nG week, recently, as announced the chiUU-on, by tlie le time of attack ondition. Another diead of a railway t full speed, driven tod States Govern- sntion, for the good venicnt or a better avo been tried, and Irant, a new system tion, and the pu\)li mprovement of th' mual ISIeasage of tin rs has received the inauguration to tlio liasionary work was tion of Friends, and All agencies and , officers of the army. •my officers ineligibk^ offices, 1 determined nations as had here- ians, and, perhaps, to ko the work on tlit Societies selected arc the approval of the cm and aid them a- ian, and to train him over the official acts an accountabiUty as I entertain the cob- a few years, bring al' 11 live in ho\ises, have ng peaceful and pclt- 3 visited by the kiw- bat he now visits the THE CAnibOO MISSION. \ 67 civilized white Rottletncnts. I call your special attention to the Report of the Cominissioner of Indiau AtTuirs for full information on this subject." Tlie past bitter experience in the States and the present aconti should be tin encouragement to us in the ISritish territory. Happily, so far, the Indians are at peace with us, and desire to be instructed. The eil'orts of our Missionaries in British (yolumbia have been so far blessed that in ten years the number willingly under instruction has increased from 50 to 5,000. The British Government ought to assist in this work. At present they do not ; yet the Indian population contributes at least a fourth of the Colonial revenue. THE CARIBOO MISSION. Missionary — Rev. J. Reynahu. Our last Report left jNlr. Reynard in the midst of his difti- culties at Cariboo. We have now to bring before our readers a continuous history of the Mission work there since that time, containing items of progress and development in various branches of Churcli organization, and holding out the hope of establishing, on a firm footing, the position of the English Church in that extensive district. We allow ^Ir. Reynard to speak for himself ir^jthe following correspondence and journal extracts : — Rioni'iELD, CAKinoo, Ma;/ Wh, 1870. My winter's work hero has been so arduous that I never could make the effort to place you an courant with Church affaii-s till now. I never reckoned on the failure of my own energies as likely to result from tlic pressure of care and overwork. The persistent work — School from 2 to 5 in the afternoon, evening classes from 7.30 to 10.30 and often later, two full services on Sunday, with household toils and trials superadded, wore me gradually and surely down. Moreover, we have had a winter of luiprecedented severity. Extreme cold, rough winds, and no work doing for fully five months. And now the snow is three or four feet deep about my house, and the night-frosts often most rigorous. I hope the warm weather will restore me to more vigorous enjoyment of york : meanwhile, the old dogged York- shire tenacity of purpose remains. My church is yet unfinished ; the services held in the achool-room attached thereto. I need -i^GOO cash to complete the pretty little structure : Window frames and cases (very pretty Gothic arches) and door $300 ; carriage of glass from Victoria, §127 {six times the cost of the glass) ; contract for all interior work, $200. Some of this I can ly THF CARIBOO MISSION. r J' raise by Htibsoiiptioii lator on, and by tlio nuisicnl anrl Htcrftiy entor- taiunients (1urin<( the »iumnier. Tlu'io are h'v^uh of a more successful mining senson thnn wo antici- pated, and operations for working quartz are in hand, which will mako mining a more permanent industry. I hope during the summer to organize work on Lightening (Jreek. On that creok, and on the various smaller creeks running into it, there are more men collected than on Williams Creek. Lightening "will bo a country yet," is the confident expectation ; for the first time the creek has been " bottomod." Last week the old Lightening Company took out 400 oz. from a patch of ground six feet square. Many of my own people aro settled there now. Mr. Ward writes nie word that salaries may bo expected to get less and less. Mr. Alston, also, in his last two letters, inquires whether your lordship will be able to maintain the Mission here. Uf course, until the church is paid for none of the ineome derived here from any source can go to my maintenance. I must still depend on outer assist- ance. If the decrease of income be not made up, my wife and children will have to leave before the next winter. I cannot allow them to face such another time of hardship. When I get the church paid for I think the income derived from the place will not be much loss than i'.'200 a year, so that my successor need not feax" my cares and doubts. I hope the enclosed sketch of work will be interesting to your lord- ship, and also to the friends of the Mission. I look back on the past winter with great satisfaction. Every step in advance ban been honourably striven for, — won by unstinted, uuslackeuiug eflbrt. I hope still, witli Cod's help, to go on : "reasoning of righteousness, temperance and judgment to come,"' helping on all that is " honest and of good repute,'' turning to the service of Christ men hard indeed to impress, but so well worth the effort. UPEXIXO OF Tlli; MINIXa SEASON. T continued the use of the hired room for the Services of the Chnrcli till July 11th, l^di). But no sooner did the mining 8oaso!i open than the evening service fell otf in numbers. Most of the re<;uliir attend ants at evensong weie working miners, and now were fcattored about the wide district in various outlying creeks. It was very dishcartenint,' to walk down the crowded streets to see the saloons so full, while the evensong was a doubtfid matter. Yet I pei-severed Sunday after Sun day, althoujih on reference to my vestry-book I meet with such items as " W^e seemed a very little party of worshippers ; all around, sounds of business and pleasure, fiddles and forges. Gold and custom nullify ing duty." And again, '• Only ' two or thr'^o ' yet claiming the promise : and here in the ' utmost goal of the West' wo linked our prayers and praises with those of the Holy Church throughout all the world." I had, however, during this time, great delight in preaching to a few children who would occasionally drop in ; the old " Bible Lesson " habit coming back very pleasantly. Fllt8T SEUVlCi:, 59 litorftvy entcr- Mm\ wo antici- hich will mftki' Utenir.g Creek. Qg into it, there telling "will bo first time the ening Compftny 0. Many of my oxpccted to get inqiiivLrt whether .,•0. Of course, il here from any I on outer a'^sist- ,vifc and chiUlren ilow them to tncc luirch i>aitl for I , much less than cares and doubts, ling to your lord- back on the past Ivance hart been liug effort. Ihope sucss, temperance nest and of good udced to impress, ices of the Chuvcli season open than ic ve^uliir attend !-c!ittered about cry dishca'rtening , so full, while the Sundtiy after Sun et witli such itei>i< all around, sounds nd custom nullify ming the promise : sd our prayers and all the world." preaching to a few ' "Bible Lesson" re 1 Till', WOODS ON FIUE. In the iiiiddlo of ,Iiine wo had a great nlarm. Our little parsonugo Btands on tlif houIU sitlo of a very Mtoep valloy : the hills oti lioth sides are so stocp as to rosoinhlo the lettt-r V. These hill sides have gradu- ally been dcnudt-d of tives,— but the Hinrace was lovcivd with old stumps, brush, chips piU-d in places inanv feet dcei) 1 I w;is out in the woods splitting rails, with which to fence a bit of ground for an cxporimental gardi-u, and, coming to luncheon, noticed the woods >n tiro about a thousund yards oil". In a very few minutes the fire was all around us : the dry stumps seemed to take re spontaneously: wo were suou surro.inded with llimie, blinded with smoke ai.d hot ashes. Mounting the roof, [ poured water on the shingles, anxiously watching the sparks as they fell, and extinguishing.' them promptly. While so engaged the woods on the oi)posite hill to. k fire,- .vo were in double danger. It was an anxious time. Our little homo in the mountains, reared with such effort, ho soon to perish ! But the wwJil changed soon, and blew directly doivn the creek instead of across the valley, and wo were safe. For several weeks the v vcl; wero burning on the hill-tops j miles of fino timber destroyed ; 'jveiything covered with fine allies. One day was awful indeed : a blackness of darkness eanio «)n for which no onn conld account. ^Miners coming up from work thought they had loat all note of titno ; peoplo had to go about with lighted candles; the general alarm may bo imagined. Tho cause was soon karncd. Tlio woods about tho Forks of Qucs- uello had been on lire, in which conflagration ten Chinese miners were burnt in their cabin. • A MIBfllON JOURNEY. On my way hero I 'ftad promised to return as scon as I could to baptize tho children of some of the settlers on the road. I deter- mined to redeem this promise now, when J bad ceased to rent tho room. I bought a strong hardy "mustang," ."i. ;cr and sure-footed. This purchase took all my money save fjl/i I leit at home ; I started, myself without a cent. My Knglish instinct of "paying my way" wont much against this ; but tho work had to bo done, and I felt that doing the old work 1 should not I'ogrct doing it in the old way, and in the old spirit of Faith. I'lIlST SERVICE. I had arranged to hold service at Van Winklo on Sunday, July 18th. On arri"ving there, a gooil Welsh Methodist had obtained the use of an empty warcliouso for the service. Ho had swept tho placo up, and carried in soni'; old shiice-boxos, which being inverted made capital benches. My Welsh fiieiid i,? a good singer, and together wo pre- arranged hymns and tunes, and soon tho gloomy valley of "Lightening Creek " echoed in " Uock of Ages, cleft for me,' given out by the full voices of the sturdy miners. After service I rode on to Messrs. Boyd and Heath's place, where I was hospitably entertained. u 60 THE CARIBOO MISSION. Vf: " EN ROUTE." Mondnj, July 19. — And now I was fairly on the way; 600 miles of rough road and rude adventure befoi'e me. I was forcibly re- minded how long these miles were by the bleached skeletons of poor beasts of burden so frequent on the road-side. Many a tale of weary travail and travel was thus silently yet eloquently told. But the travail had at length been ended, the burden laid down, and rest at length attained. INSECT PLAGUES. I walked my horse quietly along : the day was before me, and it was perfection. Towards noon the heat increased, and with the heat came flies of all sorts and sizes and variety of sting. Some great fellow the size of a " bumble-bee " would poise on the wing, hovering in search of a particular spot, and then pounce down like a hawk. Other little black flies made selection of the tenderest places for attack, making rings of blood round the poor beast's eyes. Again and again I brushed them off, till at last the sagacious brute would turn round of his own accord to have this service rendered. As the day rose higher, so these pests increased. At last " Prince," after in vain trying to sliake off a fresh crowd, fairly stood still, looking back at me with blood-circled but patient eyes ; as if to say, "I must go on, of course, but I am a poor pestered creature, Avorthy of some pity at least." I was entertained by Mr. Williams of the H. B. Co. on my arrival at Quesnelle Mouth, and the next morning baptized his two children, holding a very pleasant service with the household : then took steamer to Soda Creek. • CONTENDING " FOR THE FAITH ONCE DELIVERED TO THE SAINTS. I had a long debate on board the steamer with the E. C. priest at Richflcld, who was on his way to their Mission at Williams Lake. He is rather an apt controversialist, with an Irishman's wit super- added, but I plied him with Wordsworth and Alford, common-sense and "No Popery," when he asserted *'No Anglicanism." A party of successful miners returning to Canada listened to the debate with great interest. An amusing episode during the course of the debWe was, the " cutting in " by a Barkerville merchant and a Jew without faith. Here was a common foe : our united forces soon silenced him, to the great delight of all present. "PIGEON ENGLISH." I made long stages after this, in order to reach Clinton on Saturday. At one of the road-side houses 1 was much amused with the fussy alertness of the Chinese cook. For poor mo ho had spread the table„with crockery and " napeiy " for a score ; then rang a great bell, PEACEMAKING. 61 \ay; 600 miles was forcibly re- ikeletons of poor y a tale of weary told. But the down, and rest before me, and it and with the heat lUg. Some great he wing, hovering )wn like a hawk, iderest places for st's eyes. Again ious brute would rendered. As the " Prince," after in still, looking back say, "I must go e, worthy of some Co. on my arrival l1 his two children, then took steamer TO TUE SAINTS." the Tt. C. priest at .•\t Williams Lake, shman's wit super- ford, common-sense nisra." A party of o the debate with iG deblite was, the Jew without faith, ilcnced him, to the linton on Saturday, used with the fussy ho had spread the cu rang a great bell, and removed the covers with a whisk and a swing which bespoke high art. I asked him if ho came from Canton ? " No, me Pekin man. So ! you number-one Pekin man I see. I stop Williams Creek, makee Church, makee China-man school. You * Missa Lenna ' 1 " Then we shook hands, and I answered many queries as to the well- being of Ah Ohn's, Sam Moo's, Soo Lang's, Chung Fung's, and Chung K6's. My fame had gone down the road, borne by many returning Chinamen. When clearing the table at the end of the meal, he came softly to my elbow, and said, — ' Bimeby I say 1 Pekin man. I tell a lie. I Canton man." Knowing me to be a friend to his nation, he had felt conscience-stricken at deceiving me. I arrived at Clinton just as a little party were returning from burying a poor young fellow who had died at the inn overnight — died a pitiable, loathsome death, the result of unchecked wantonness. And what was his mother doing when he was sinking into his miser- able grave tended by strangers, whose pity overcame disgust 1 I held service in the hotel-parlour on Sunday afternoon, but a party of Oregon horse-dealers having advertised a race, only a few attended. A "young recruit." Monday, July 26. — To-day I baptized N. H. Minsou, a lad of about twelve yeai-s. I held service in his mother's house ; a rough lad of the Oregon party, and other playmates attending. I spoke to these of what baptism was, of " enlisting under Christ's banner ; " of good soldiers " fighting a good figlit," by being brave, honest, simple, pure in heart ; and of cowards, and of deserters and traitors. The lads were very attentive, and when the candidate stood up, and I poured the waters of grace on his head, he fairly burst into tears, and the other wild lads looked^pu each other with startled looks and tremulous lips. God grant the lad to "lead the rest of his life according to this beginning." I had purposed riding on to Kamloops, distant about a hundred miles, but hearing that Mr. Good was in that neighbourhood, I sup- posed he would look up the settlers on the Grand Prairie. I therefore I'ode on to Lillooet. On the way I was entertained most hospitably by Messrs. Kelly. PEACEMAKING. Sitting up late in earnest conversation, we were startled by hearing cries of distress, together with the loud and threatening tones Ox' a man's voice. We rushed out; and found "Paul," Mr. K.'s Indian servant, beating his wife. He had tied her hands behind her back, and was beating her as she knelt unresisting before him. She liad declared her intention of leaving him because she had no children, — and Paul declared in an excited manner he would shoot any one she preferred to himself. Mr. K. endeavoured to make peace, but in vain. I then took up the Word, and told him how foolish was such a method of winning back affection : "Love, and love only, is the loan for love." He answered angrily, and in reply I took higher ground : " I am God's priest, and I tell you God sees you now, and knows how \J 62 THE CARIBOO MISSION. :■ if angry you are. God sees even if a poor bird falls to the grouad. Cod hates anger. Stronger than all, He is kinder than all, and there- fore we call him Father ; the down-below devil is angry. Give the •wife good words, and untie her hands : a wife is not a slave." Paul mused a while with downcast looks ; then threw away his anger and said : " Yes ; true words ; good words ; she shall get up, and I'll give her good words only." I enjoyed the ride to Lillooot very much : a new country to me, and most attractive in its varied beauty : beauty of hill and dale, flowers and foliage, with here and there a broad belt of cultivated land, fair, arable, and tilth. All more beautiful after long experience of the desolate creeks and sombre pine-clad mountains of Cariboo. On entering Lillooet, an active half-breed lad ran beside my stirrup : a bright, intelligent lad, and an incarnate note of interrogation, being of a most inquiring mind. He was barefoot and bareheaded, and unkempt. Amused by his bright appearance, I asked his name. "Tom Humphries." Yes, my lord, he was the son of the Hon. of that name, member of the Legislative Council for Lillooet. On Saturday morning I went to prepare the church Tor .service. A bystander seeing me busy, thereanent came to help, fetching pail and broom, addressing himself to the work as willingly as effectively. Thus, " uiy occupation being gone," I sat down to the harmonium, and began to play and sing the day's psalms. It was the first time my fingers liad touched the cold kejs for many a day. When I had finished the friendly helper remarked, " Ah, sir ! that sounds like civilization." u 'i LILLOOET. I was much interested in Lillooet, yet ••pained and grieved" to see the place so wholly given up to sin. English ifiothers and sisters I do 3'ou know how your sons and brothers live away from you ? The back slums of great cities alone can rival the nameless vice that has changed "the flower of the waters" into a vile fungus. " ^ly heart was hot within mc," and " the fire kindled : " I sjjoke sharply in re|»roof. When leaving, the man who had so kindly helped mc to prepaic the church followed me ; telling me he was a sinner like the rest, had felt my words deeply ; and had he known what degradation the Indian connection at last induced, he would have chosen death j'ather than such life. And now, children (whom he loved spite of their " native" propensities) were growing up round him : no school, no '• means of grace,' and all but beggared, and all but hopeless. His " sin had," indeed " found him out." But at Lillooet I learnt how much there is in a decorous church and its arrangements that can give strength to the parson as well as influence to the people. In Cariboo I uavo never hesitated to pray or preach in saloon, in theatre, on a stump — anywhere, to worshippers few or many. Yet after a peculiar career as a " choir-master," one feels strange in such places : the contrast between worship and irreverence is sharp and painful. Therefore very pleasant to me was Sunday in Lillooet, inasmuch as it was Sunday in a church. .1 PACKERS. 03. 1 to the grouud. an all, and there- ,ngry. Give the t a slave." Paul ay his auger and up, and I'll give w country to me, of hill and dale, clt of cultivated ir long experience 118 of Cariboo. )csidc my stirrup : terrogation, being bareiioaded, and asked his name. 1 of the Hon. of lillooot. ch for service. A fetching pail and effectively. Thus, ionium, and began 5t time my fingers 1 had finished the e civilization." ,nd grieved" to see rs and sisters ! do from you? The leless vie: that has ngus. " My heart sjioke sharply in idly helped me to s a sinner like the 1 what degradation have chosen death he loved spite of id him : no school, but hopeless. His a decorous church 16 parson as well as r hesitated to pray here, to worshippers ' choir-master," one ween worship and ry pleasant to me iu a church. FOUNTAINS. Ileft Lillooet the next day, and came to Fountains, a considerable Indian centre. Here I found a very great gathering of Indians, horse- racing. It was strange to see how closely the '' 8i washes " copied the stylo and bearing of those who know better, yet do the same. Some would call out bets on this, that, or the other horse. Others would hold up half a dollar and challenge the field. And this, my lord, was a standing contrast to the last great gathering of Indians which together we witnessed on the way to Lytton ; when the whole tribe turned out to meet us iu the road, and hai'elie.idcd and reverently were introduced to the " Father Chief," their IJishop. THE OLD TRAIL. Intendiug to look up all the settlers, I had determined to return by the " old trail," which mainly follows the course of the Fraser. This is an arduous undertaking, and my first day's journey of twenty- five miles took me ten hours to accomplish. This was mainly owiuf to forest fires, the trail being everywhere encun)l)ered with fallen timber. The damaged trees were ialliug one after and upon the other, and often I looked up nervously when hearinu; a crack and a groan. But ] found tliat the safest way after all was not to dodge, but go straight on. Sign of life or sound of bird was there none. I rode on through the ten tedious hours in solemn silence among the black stumps. At last I arrived at a rough, singlc-roouicd " slianty," and inquiring my way, learnt that there was no possibility that night of reaching the house to which I had been du-ected. I remained here the night, going out with my host to inspect his " herd o' knowt," and putting him up to a few Yorkshire wrinkles. At nine o'clock we " turned in ;" the Indian squaw had already retired. My host turned an Indian man-servant out of. his sheepskins in order that I might occupy. There was a peculiar smell in the long wool, but I was very tired. I was just falling asleep when my host jumped out of bed (with an exclamation), and produced a bag of feathers. He " had shot some ducks yesterday, and thought their feathers 'would make me a more comfortable pillow than tlie one I had." That might easily be : said pillow being a billet of wood placed under the sheepskin. Poor host ! he had done what he could. In the morning, after a hath in an ice-cold stream, I resumed my journey, none the worse for my rude entertainment, but very soi'ry for my hobt, a man intelligent, hardy, skilful, well-to-do he is? but what future is there for him, mated as I'ACKERS. I must plead guilty to >4i sneaking admiration of " packers " (muleteers) and teamsters. These men are wondrous results of the law of demand and supply : for the work demanded they have become thoroughly capable. And that work demands strength, skill, daring,, endurance, and trustworthines.s. Out-door life is picturesque, anu induces a romantic gipsyism of character not uninteresting. Havinj," 64 THE CAUIBOO MISSION. to lift heavy weights sheer from the ground on to tho pack-saddle, "packers" arc very nuiscular men, with grand chests and shonldcrs. They luivo also many savuge acconiplisliments : are good farriers, can accomplish nvi' vela witii tho axe, a screw-key and a you;;g sapling for a lover. But they aro a godless race, both actively and passively. They earn cousidoj ih' wages, and after a fow years settle down ia some of our beautifi va ays, surrounded by an Indian clientele, turning wliat should have oeen as " the garden of God " into a valley of tho shadow. I left my friendly hodt (an ex-" packer," by tho bye) early in the morning, and after a Rcrioiis inteiTuption to tho day's progress on account of the trail leing burnt out, I at last arrived at Mr. Kitchio's, Canoo Creek.' Very pleasant it Avas to see a smiling "Sonsie" face beaming welcome at the door, and to bo hailed by a kindly Scots tongue. Kindly indeed to a north-countryman, whoso ears rccogni/.u sounds of *' hfime, hame, hatne," in the broad, full-moutiiod words. And pleasant indeed not to see tho " klooch-man " skurrying away to hide ins shame, that shamo itself being' the Missionary's opi)o''tunity. Very pleasant to know that no "domestic arrangement" interposed between host and guest, involving poor apologies on tho one hand, and painful reproof on the other, — reproof to one whose roof-tree shelters you, and whoso meal you share. £ " AN INDIAN NONrtUSSKI). At Canoe Creek is a considerable Indian " Reserve," the Indians being Ilomanists (and very bad ones at that), and eloquent with liamc- less slanders of the Lytton Mission and of Mr. Good. One of these loudest professors of a religion of " strife and vainglory " stalked into tho room when I was at dinner. Mi's. Ritchif (in voluble Chinook) " tackled " him at once, " Take good heed, John, — this is one of my piiests, a King George priest. You and your people keep on saying he and his sort are altogether good-for-nothing ; now tell iiim so !" But poor John was dumb, took off his cap, and twiddled it in his hands in silent helplessness. I took up the Word, as he was silent, and spoke of Christian charity and truth. There are largo flocks of sheep in the neighbourhood ; I therefore taught him by the common but all-blessed apologue of the Flock and the Shepherd ; showed him tho misery of the flock if the shepherd's fighting gave the wolf his chance. I protested I was astonished that a man whose name was Jofin, of all names, should speak such poor graceless lies. After a while, and very humbly, John began to talk with me, and I found that the Ifoman Catholic priests had been making mucli display of prophetic power, by foretelling the coming eclipse of the sun ; nay, even in the altitude of power tolling tho exact when ! I rather damaged this " medicine power " by means of an old schoolmaster-dodge of making children revolve round mo in largo and small circles, under the names of tho planets, — very absuro, but practical, practical. And when I showed 1 So called because there Frasev and his party made canoes for their voyage down stream. WINTKR OF 18C9 70 IN CAHIHOO. 65 how eclipses were foretold years beforehfinJ, and their dates read in printed books accessiblo to a'l John gave a series of intelligent nods, and reuiariicd, " Nika Kurntux-ilss kluosli." HOMiiWAUD, no ! Making long stages, I looked np the settlors on Dog Creek and Little Dog Creek ; stayed at Alkali Lake one night, and so on to Williams Lake. In all thenc settlements the groat, tlie erying evils, arc Indian concubinage, and the poor, neglected lialf- breed families. Alas, for the sin of it ! Alas, for the pity of it, the pity of it ! Although the Romanists have Missions in most Indian camps in this route, and an especial one at Williams Lake, the settlers will not send their children to them to school. At Clinton, at Lillooet, at W^illiams Lake, all pressed upon me this urgent want of a school. Somewhat home sick this fourth week of my journey, I rode from Soda Creek home, 125 miles, in two days, being twenty-three hours in the saddle altogether. But I was by this in good tvaining, and indeed good for another such trip of fiOO miles. And for all my effort I was abundantly repaid by ti)e practical knowledge I had gained of life in the lonely " ranches," and my heart kept a " feast of ingathering " for the safe folding of eight lambs of the flock. IMPRESSIONS OF LILLOOET AS A CHURCH CENTRE. The cessation of work at Lillooet was an unmitigntcd disaster. T consider it of the last importance that work should be resumed there. School-work might well centre there, and from Lillooet the various settlements already mentioned, as well as Kamloops, miglit be periodi- •ally visited, rrcmises might bo secured at a price merely nominal ; land, and, what is of t-, ore value, water sociu-ed. Tiie Indians in the neighbourhood are numerous and friendly. The school project I dis- cussed at all places on my journey home, and I believe such work would be supported. And work at Lilhjoet woxdd dovetail with Mr. Good's work at Lytton, and foster and consolidate it. nioes for their voj-ago WINTER OF 18G0-7O IN CARIBOO. RESUMPTION OP WORK. My home work began by holding service in the Court-house, Rich- field. I found, however, tiiat the people of Barkervillo did not attend, and therefore hired the theatre for one month's services. This is a large building, entirely built by voluntary labour. In order to make the service as impressive as possible under the circumstances, I borrowed a harmonium from the Masonic brotherhood, so that if "samtly shout was none, there should at least be " solemn sound."' So, with tho floor strewed with cigar-ends, and crumpled play-bills of miserable farces played overnight, and signs everywhere of the want of spittoons, 1 did what I could. During this tenancy Governor Musgrave visited tlie E t> 66 THE CARTBOO MISSION. tipper country, and tho morning he attended service a very largo con- gi'OLiation ns&ombled, and Jjiukervillo assumed a Sunday aspect in deference to him that she refuses altogether lo the " Kin;.' of kings." Some subsennent Sundays I spent visitiDg t'lc out-'ying creeks, having doterminod to have a room of my own. V •!;:f m ciiuncn-uuiTDiNO ano its cares. At length we opfciiod ground for the now church — St. Saviour's. I had secured a suitable lot in the spring, paying for it $200, and balks and props for foundation cost mo $\ ■")(). Tliie lot is at tho 1 wcr ond of the town, at the fork of two roads, and haM a largo wodge-shapcd plot of vacant ground in front, which I hope to lon';f^ in and plant with fir-trees. I had spent many a pleasant hour- -hoping for what might bo, yet doubti})!^ might not be — drawing plans for this church; modest indeed, and unpretending, yet decorous in arranfjjcment, and effective by mere y>i\i[i 'ition. And at last the two best w(n-kmcn in the place l)cgan to budd. Their wages, ^10 a day each, timber costing 10 cents a foot, and nails (very cheap) 25 cents a pound. My means, consisting of subscriptions, balance of church fund grant, and my Christmas quarter's stipend, just covered the first amount for iahour done. I was compelled to stop work when the building was a mere shell, not quite roofed in. I was resolute to have service on Christmas day in the schoolroom, and therefore set to work myself, with my two lads for assistants. They are only little fellows ; but they could hold one end of a boai'd while I secured the other, and between us we finished the room in time. The Rarkerville people at this time grieved me much. A little sym- pathy goes far with hopeful natures, and the lack of it, not to speak of open rir.cule, is hard to bear. Cruel p(X»ple du pays! ready to worship success with mean adulation, ready to think one defeated, and then vae victis. But I was not beaten. To the Cariboo parson's Ni espoir ni peur, was added the Yorkshireman's pertinacity. Worship is an objective duty to God, and subjectively the promise is to " two or three." On Christmas-day three persons attended service ; on the following Sunday morning, two ; that same evening, none. Now seemed the justification of all the conderaners of my building at all, and my building a church as a still more foolish thing. 1 had one answer to all such : " Do what you can to help cheerfully, or not at all. For myself I am not afraid of poverty, or hand, heart, or head labour ; but I am afraid of doing less than my all, or of offering to God that which costs me as little as possible. I shall do my best un- stintedly." On the 5th of January, 1870, I called a meeting of all who had shown any interest in Church matters from my first coming. I laid matters fairly before them, askii^ for assistance by way of per- sonal effort and advice, at least sympathy. One after another declined any such service; some on the very proper plea that it would be bind- ing on a church officer to close his store on the Sunday, which they were not prepared to do. This was an old bar to any action of the laity, as I told the meeting ; but, assisted or unassisted, I should .iv A (JOLD SUXDAY. a very largo coi\- Unnlay aspect in 'Kiiij.' of k;ii,i,'s." out-h'ing CLoeks, -St. Saviour's. I it $200, and balks i at tho 1 wcr oiul ivrgo wclgo-shapcd onco iu and plant rhat might bo, yet ch ; modeHt indeed, I ofFective by more tho place l)cgan to iig 10 cents a foot, leans, consisting of Christmas quarter's c. I was compelled aot quite roofed iu. he schoolroom, and r assistants. They of a board while I room in time, uch. A little syni- of it, not to speak da pays ! ready to ;hink one defeated, le Cariboo parson's irtinacity. Worship •oraise is to " two or ed service ; on tho 'cning, none, Now my building at all, thing. 1 had one jheerfully, or not at land, heart, or head all, or of offering to shall do my best un- ed a meeting of all om my first coming, ance by way of per- fter another declined lat it would be bind- the Sunday, which bar to any action of unassisted, I should % 67 persevere ; knowing that tho Bishop in generous old Eufeland would help all he coidd, while I had two hands not luiacquainted *Uh blisters on which 1 could depend. These woi.ls hiid their effoct, f^r tho next nioming four of tho most intelligcut and reputable of the-%raders of the place came and i)rofrcrcd their assi.staiico as a Church Cimniitteo. To these I added a fifth, in the person of a most 8teadfasr,working miner, a Cornisii Wesleyan, now a good Churchman, vet I hoi>6 not the less a " Methodist." * . A "WINTEll OF DISCONTENT." »?• All the "claims" about Barkcrvillc depend for successful minin^work upon the "Bod- rock Drain," made by the "common-day" laljojir of tho minors themselves ; otherwise a m"ost costly imdertaking. At the fall of the year 1809 this drain was seriously damaged, and months of hard labour for no wages wore necessary to repair it. Just* as some few claims got to work came on a spell of H':VEUE COLD. '• This weather set in with a gale from tho north ; the heavens were black with wind and storm. Down at a leap went tho thermometer to - 38", and lower still, eventually, for the mercury froze. The winter, up to this time had been comparatively mild. Now at our utmost '• need my wood-heap near tho house " gave out." I had purchased a lot of logs in tho fall, and slid them down from the hill-top. They were now snowed up seven or eight feet deep, and at some distance from tho house. Sleigh loads of good dry wood passed our door again and again, making the tenth connuand a great difficulty, but there was no Iu Ip for it. I turned out in the bitter cold, mined vmder the snow, beat a ])ath in the snow (dry as sawdust with the intense frost), and hauled a week's fuel homo. I had boasted of my strength and liealth, hand-skill, and fearlessness of rudest labour. God touched the " sinew " on which I depended. The last log I dragged up the hill fell upon my right hand, numbed with cold, bruised it very much, ami well-nigh broke the wrist. That day J. Reynard learnt how much physical enduranr c he is capable of (It seems now when I write out these memorials — Juno 20, 1870, with my wrist swollen still, and aching with holding the pen — that, a drop more of pain or anxiety, and I should howl like a dog. And yet 1 know not ; God's " grace is sufficient" for either fortune, grace given only "at need.") I persevered in the wood business till the Iqgs were sawn and split. and the house filled with fuel, and then collapsed upon my pain. A COL^ SUNDAY. . . ,, My accident happened on Friday, January 14th. Sunday came on. I was helpless for any work on Saturday, and therefore the books, &c. used at the evening classes had to bo collected, room " redded up " for service, prayer-books and Bibles distributed on the Sunday morning, ^ly boy Steevie is less sensible of cold than his elder brother, and I took him to assist me. While I madothe fire he gave out the books. E 2 <^ 08 THE CARIBOO MISSION. Thoy stuck to tho poor bairn's fingers ; he would come to me laughing, wliiie his teeth chattered like castanets, with a book depending from his open palm. On reaching homo I found one foot frost-bitten, black, and skin peeled off. And now, my lord, I felt beaten, tyrannous cold, maimed hand and foot — for tho first time incapable of tho world's work — my " hands hung down," and I felt as I think I should had I been another sort of soldier, and, stricken down at the beginning of some great battle, heard my comrades pass on " shouting " for the victory. CHURCH INSTITUTE CLASSES. Five evenings in the week I hold classes for young men : Monday, grammar and elocution ; Tuesday, music ; Wednesday I reserved for a sort of club-night, in which I could talk over Church news and Church teachings, or popular science and historic criticism ; Thursday, Euclid and aritlimetic ; Friday, music. The music classes were a difficulty, with my crippled liand ; but the piauo being impossible to my swollen fingers, I fell back on tho violin, and managed to "scrape" through. ELOQUENCE IN COMMITTEE. One of these days of extreme cold the mail brought me ** good news from a far country," in the shape of your lordship's letter. I read this to one of the committee, the steadfast fifth member aforementioned. He had just lit his pipe, starting home from the evening class ; and as I read one encouraging sentence after another the bow] glowed fitfully, finally brightly ; and when I read tho words, " So take coui-age and go forward," ho took the pipe from his mouth with quick triumphant gesture, and, in a tone of heartfelt relief, remarked, " Bully ! " ANOTHEn COLD SUNDAY. The wildest morning I ever knew was the morning of Sunday, February 13. A perfect whirlwind blew ; it seemed as if the winds in every " gulch " and valley made war against each other — and ani- mated nature was a common foe. Clouds of dry-cold snow smote you from all quarters. The storm caught the trees on the mountain-top, north side of the Creek, just as I and my lads came upon tho rugged " canaau " of Williams Creek. Down went the tall pines, like grass before the mower, with horrid roar and strident crash. Then, as the storm-cloud rolled down the mountain-side, I caught the lads firmly under my cloak — a precipice eighty feet deep was beneath us, on the edge of which the road is made, as usual, by " cribbing." The shrill laughter of the lads as the wind lifted us from our feet and bore us down over the hill-side showed how little they knew of danger. This storm was the precursor of ."nother spell of extreme cold — in the rigour of which a fifth little recipient of our Saviour's grace and tender pity was bom unto us. We were poor then, my lord, and the cold made life all the harder. We were camped at nights round the fire in the most sheltered room in the house ; the little ones crying from the cold — too active to remain in bed — then playing about when warmed a little, till they tingled with cold again. What wonder, theu. GRKAT LABOUR OF COPYING MUSIC, 09 ) to me laughing, depeuding from ost-bitten, black, eaten, tyrannous incapable of the I think I should at the beginning jhouting " for the ig men : Monday, ay I reserved for Church news and ticism ; Thursday, sic classes were a E5ing impossible to naged to «' scrape" ;ht me " good news p's letter. I road jer aforementioned, ming class ; and as owl glowed titfuUy, take coux-age and 1 qnick triumphant 1," Bully I" loming of Sunday, led as if the winds ch other — and ani- old snow smote you I the mountain-top, me upon tho rugged tall pines, like grass irash. Then, as the ight the lads firmly s beneath us, on the ibbing." The shrill >ur feet and bore us ew of danger, of extreme cold — in Saviour's grace and len, my lord, and the at nights round the the little ones crying 1 playing about when What wonder, then, that tho mother's maternal "joy that a man is born into the world " was attempered with braotious of more tendcnioHs, and piteous mouns of " My poor baby, thou'rt come to a cold world ! " Wo had a true neighbour in Mrs. Lee. My hand was getting better, and wo pulled through. That poor baby, bluo with cold, and rapidly stiffening when taken from under the bedclothes, is now a great healthy lad, all smiles, all dimples. Ho is named Tallis Cleveland, in grateful remem- brance of Church music and kindness, as of brethren in North Yorkshire. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE COLD OF FEBnUARy. A bottle of port wine froze under my wife's ))illow the day baby was born ; although the bedstead touched the stove in which fire was maintained night and day — the room 12 ft. by 10 ft., and the whole household living in it. Hoar-frost covered the windows for half an inch thick ; nail heads were like English daisies; the boards cracked like pistol-shots, and the knots fl(!w out with great noise. On culm days the air was full of fine needles of ice, and, on more than one occasion, I saw rainbows — if that is not an Irish expression. During these cold spella old men looked sad, young men serious, all worn out and weary. MUHIC CLASSES. My music classes commenced in small things ; but increaseil steadily, and still maintain their efficiency. Tho general classes con- tinued till Easter. I yet continue the music classes. The last week of the classes the average attendance at all was sixty. During the winter we have studied tho best glees and madrigals ; and the choruses from Ilaftdcl's «' Messiah " and "Judas Maccabeus." And a good hearty "joyful noise " my Cariboo chorus makes. Wo have no treble voices, of course, but a good cornet-player keeps tlie part agoing. The last night of the elocution class the mcmber.s nud and criticized (1) Bacon's Essay on Vain-glory ; (2) Gray's Ode on tho Progress of Poetry ; (3) Tho 1 )eath of Little Nell. My business was to explain all classical allusions, and words used in a literal sense; criticiz.o all criticisms as to faulty enunciation. GUKAT LABOUa OF COrYING MUSIC. To keep the classes supplied with music wm nacessarily a great labour. I took advantage of my Ciiine«e sciiool in tho afternoons to write much music, while tho patient plodding Chinamen conned their reading lessons. Often 1 have felt repaid for uU this exertion, when going home I have seen the glcaVn oJ a " Cariboo lantern " going up and up the suow-clad hill-side ; heard from the distant heights phrases of quaint madrigals or melodious glees. Then tho cheery "good nights" wouhl be heard, as one by one the tenants of th.* lonely cabins reached home, and the manly bass nC the last man havmg the fixrthest to travel was heard fainter and fainter. " Music made thcj winter fly," they said. 70 TIIK f'AUIItOO MIHHKJN. 'u f TO MAKE A "OAnmOO LANTKRN." Take a white-glass bottlo ; cover the bottom thereof about an inch deep with water : then hold it over a sharp fire ; and the bottom will crack off more or less evenly. Invert the bottle, and drop a candle in the neck. Voilii Q. E. F. EASTi:U-DAY IN OAUHIOO. On Easter-day we had a {jrand service, the evensong being more especially musical. AntlicniH, "Olirist being raised" (Elvcy), and the "Hallelujah" from the Messiah; and also two most joyous hymns. Hixty-five people crowded into my little schoolroom, filling up every corner. Two very tall miners came in late, and took their seats upon n low bench in front of the choir desk usually occupied by my lads. As they sat, in quaint pose, their loug legs almost level with their cars, tiu'y reminded me much of grasshoppers ! But they sat quiet as stones, although uncomfortable, listened attentively, and hailed my boy with the alms-basin with cheery " Hero, (ieorgio !" Tho ott'ertory on Easter-day amounted to )ii>3o. This is, I hope, a sign of what our Church service will do when in proper place and in decorous mode. INCIDENTS OP TUB EASTEn SERVICES. There is resident at Barkerville a member of the English Bar, clever, well informed, but utterly degraded by intemperate habits, lie has lost all self-control, and men who retain his services sit up witli liim the night before the trial to keep him from " the drink." Yet tho old habit of attending church on Easter-day brought him to matins ; ami as I passed from the vestry to commence e^rvice, I felt a gulp in my throat to see him for one day " clothed and in his right mind." Evensong attracted strangers of all nations : Europeans, two China- men, a few Indiana ; and in the remotest corner, tho last of the crowd, stood a poor Lascar, his dark Oriental face, lean figure, and gleaming eyca in marked contrast with all the rest. CIIUUCII-DUILDINa AT A STANDSTILL. I manngi'd during tho winter to get tho exterior of the church finished neatly and carefully. But, although men say to me, "people will koc your pluck at last" — the mining season, on account of tlie terrible length and severity of the winter, has opened late — only a few of the claims at work, and none "wuMJiingup" the results of their prepa- ratory labour. The building tliereforo stands still. I work upon it stated days, and hope ("yet fear presumption in the hope ") to get it ready for summer-day services at any rate. My great diflicnlly is In get the door and windows : the woodwork of these will cost mo 6'5"". the express charges for tho glass, ^127 (six times the original cost in Victoria). When, the work that 1 can do is done, ^IHO would siillico for all tho rest. ' , . I think I have said'ttiong'' to show that the work, if it has ivf reached the numerical success one could wish, has grown into tiic COMPLETION OF THE CIIURCIL 71 oof about an inch d tho l)ottom will i drop a candlo in proper form. It has gathered round me tho young, tho intelligent — tho hotter sort every way : it \» an influence to strengthen and foster all that is good, honest, and true ; to help tho wavering by frank com- panionship, and proffercnce of the solid for the doubtful ; an influence to warn the fallen ; while it is an undying protest against all that is rcckk'SB and wanton, as cafncat and altectionato as persistent. iisong being more " (Elvcy), and tlio lOst joyous hyiiMiH. m, filling up every 3k their scats upon snpiod by my lads, at level with their But they sat quiet foly, and hailed my i»ryio ! " This is, I hope, ii .iroper place and in :es. I English Bar, clever, ite habits, lie litis ces sit up with him Irink." Yet the old him to nmtins ; uiul I felt a gulp in my i right mind." xropeans, two China- ho last of the crowd, figure, and gleaming TILL. of the church finished mo, "pooile will soo count of the terriblo ■Q — only a few of the isults of their prc|ia- till. I work upon it the hope ") to get it r groat difliculiy is to !se will cost me ^.'5'">, 1 tho original cost in e, ^inO would sullico work, if it has tut , has grown into the HELP OF TUB LAITY. ]Mr. lioynard had bcf^nin to bo anxious for the completion of Ills church when the arrival of Mr. .lustice Crease at Cariboo, on circuit, brouj^dit him timely encourageiuent. lu a letter dated Augu.st 20, 1870, he says :— I suppose you will hear from Mr. Crease of all the ups and downs of the past winter. Steadfastness and silent endurance are winning their way. In the vernacular, Mr. (jrease workinl fur the church " like a steamer." His visit was altogether that of the first sympathizer in church matters. He prevailed upon two gentlemen to act as church- wai'dens, and lightened the burden very greatly. Tho church will be ready for service in two or three more weeks. I had exhausted my entire means. Through Mr. Crease's energy and liberality we have got the windows and door, and the benches are in hand. 1 get many rudely-expressed but hearty congratulations : " You've come out right-side uj), sir, after all ; and you deserve it, for, darn me, but you've tried to maite things stick." So deeply do many of the men feel the work in the evening and other classes of last winter, that many wish for the winter, that tho "night-shift" might not interfere with the ulauscs.^ COMPLETION OP THE CHUKCH. Mr. Keynard's hopes were not \(m>^ doomed to disappoint- ment. The enlarj^ed and orderly means of miuistering the Ordinances anil Word of Christ were at lc?igtli at hand. Tho following paragraph is taken from the Cariboo newspaper, tho Sentinel, dated Septendier 24, LSTO : — St. Saviour's Church. — The Rev. James Reynard formally opened the new church bearing the above name in Barkerville on Sunday last. A larger number of people than usual attended the service, a,nd tho completion of the church was the occasion of much congratulation toward Mr. Reynard, who has shown a great deal of patienco, energy, and industry, in the work he vu. ^ertook. i*.*.- 72 WANTS OF THE DIOCESE, 1871. LIVING AOENCY. I •'.>■ Place. Biirraril's liilot nnd Chilawnk •CohvooJ, Cedar Plains, &c. . *(!()inox Don^la.s ami liillooet . . . Foit Kiiiicrt Kaiiilni)]is ....... Koiitciiai •Lyttou "Metlacatla New Wt'stminstcr . . . . Ominica and Vviua Hivor . . Qneou Charlotte Islamls . . Saauioh Salt kSprinj^ Island and Chemainns San Jnan Island . . . . Stiekeon and Tongas . . . 'Victoria Nature or Poi'ulation. Settlers S.'ttlers Settlers and Indians . . Indians and Settlers . . Five thousand IndiaRS . Settlers and Indians . . ^liners Indians Indians Indians Miners Five thonsand Indians . Settlers and Indians . . Settlers and Indians . . J Uritish Soldiers, Settlers,! ( and Indians . . ,' Several thousand Indians Indians RKqUIKRD. ClorKjr. 14 Catocliliitg, G * riaccs thug marked have Cliurehcs, MiHsion Chapels, .ov RcHidunccs ah'caily erected. RESCUE FUND. Archdeacon Woods is anxious to open an orphanage for the rescue and education of girls whose fathers are Europeans and mothers Indian, but who, deserted by the former, are left in every Indian village to grow up as heathen. Touching is the sight of these beautiful and intelligent children, who, with the mind and vigour of the white race, speak only the native tongue. Bescued, they might become a valuable clement in European society ; neglected, they are sure to sink down even to lower depths than that of the poor native race. A house is ready — the means and the living agency are wanted. MISSION PUPILS. The Rev. J. B. Good, of St. Paul's.Mission, Lytton, asks for help to board promising native children of both sexes, the children of Christian parents who may be trained up as teachers. About 61. a year would suffice for the maintenanco of each Mission I'upil. \ BELLS, DADOES, AND FLAGS. ■ The chiefs who are adherents of the Mission are accustomed to call heir people every day in each village to prayer, and a small bell is k CLOTIIINO AND DOOKH— THANKS TO LADIES. 73 1S71. RKQUinCD. Clergy. CrttccliliitH.| required for each village. Also certain steady Indians are appointed watchmen, who look after the morals and order of the village, and who have badijea to distinguish them. A badge has been adopted similar to those used by the National Society for Sick and Wounded* in th« War. These are supplied at two shillings each by Messrs. Niohol, Regent Street, London. Every chief also who belongs to the Mission has the Mission Flag, which is hoisted on Sundays and chief occasions. This Flag is the St. George's Cross on a white ground, well known as used in the British Navy. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 14 1 1 1 1 6 cnccs already eroctetl. mage for the rescue and mothers Indian, ry Indian village to these beautiful and ur of the white race, it become a valuable sure to sink down race, sncy are wanted. tton, asks for help to children of Christian bout SL a year would ire accustomed to call and a email bell is AIDH TO INDUHTnV. Archdeacon Reece is leading the Indians of Cowichan to habits of industry and economy of labour. He is in great want of a yoke of oxen to bo lent out to the Indian farms, a plough, a logging-chain, two fishing seines (one for salmon, the other for hemngs), and two White- hall boats with fittings. MIHCRI>LANROUH. Two or three chests of carpenters' tools, any amount of clothing for the native women and children, sets of the most useful medical drugs and one or two surgical pocket cases, assortment of common flower seeds, school books and apparatus, especially Scripture prints. If any kind friends will bear the Mission in remembrance, and supply as they can any of these wants, they will be helping to make the good work efHcient, and promoting the order and unity of the new Christian flock, only so lately gathered from the kingdom of darkness, and who are in many respects still but as children. Better still if this ftatement of wants shall move any, whether Ministers of Christ, or faithful laymen, or devoted women, to oflfer themselves for the Lord's work (at their own charges) in a land of beautiful scenery and salubrious climate. CLOTHING AND BOOKS.— THANKS TO LADIES. The grateful thanks of all concerned in the Mission are here rendered to those kind friends and helpers who have sent books, clothing,, and other useful articles for distribution. And espe- cially to Miss Ellen Mackenzie, Miss Forbes, Mrs. Pitt Dundas, of Edinburgh ; Mrs. liulwer, of lleydon, Norfolk ; Mrs. Gelli- brand, Miss Hopes, of the? Albyns, Essex; Miss Ray, Mrs^ Morgan Graves, of (fn!cn»teon so often mansen Crook has luture iu our midst. Every ouo is waking up to take advantage of the new opportunities to reap a golden harvest. We hear of preparations for another llegira being made in all directions, from the lower as well as the upper country. We know parties comfortably situated who intend to throw up present advantages to go to the mines in the spring. The chance to make a lucky strike is consequently likely to be improved by all who are dissatisfied here, and who can manage to work their way by hook or crook to the mines. Victoria and all the lower and upper country may consequently expect to lose a considerable propor- tion of their population. There seems to be no doubt whatever but quite a large number of miners and others will arrive in the country from the neighbouring States. Hence we may expect a prosperous time after the opening of spring. From the character of the new diggings, Germansen Creek will be the central point where the miners and others will first direct their steps, and quite a town is certain to spring up there. But it is barely possible that Germansen Creek will not find claims enough for all who may go there, if there should be a great rush. Tt is, however, asserted by miners who have recently arrived hero from that quarter that good diggings can be had there in numberless places besides Germonsen. That being the case, we may feel assured tluit a largo gold field has been discovered, or, as one of the hardy explorers of the country has put it, ' In that northern country there is a larger gold field than can be found elsewhere on the Pacific Coast.' The opinion has been long entertained that the gold lead of northern British Columbia stretches away to the north west, and of this there is now no doubt whatever. In the ensuing year we shall probably hear of a continuation of gold discoveries all the way from the Omineca to the Stekiu. All that is required ore cheap provisions and a cheap way of getting •.o the mines, and we may feel •issuied that the prospecting season of 1871 will give a satisfactory account of our northern miues." — WeeUif Staadard. TKSTIMONIAL OF UKSPKCT, The Rev. J. Cave Brown Cave and Mrs. Cave left the colony in August last. The Churchwardens of Saanich i)rcsciitcd an address in tlie name of the parishioners, expressing " the sentiments of esteem which we have learned to entertain towards you personally, and our appreciation of the zeal manifested during the period of your minis- triitions in j'our present incumbency. Bo assured you will convey with you our warm and respectful regards ; and in whatever quarter the course of events may determine your future career, our kindest aspirations for your welfare and that of Mrs. Cave will attend you." i;mii;i;a'I'1()N to ,\.\ii:inrA. The Thirtieth General lloport of the Emigration rommissionor,^ published 1X70, shows that 2i)2,8S() emigrants arrived in Now YoiJ and Jhltish Anieriea in IS(ii) ; inehiding those who iiiiiy have ariivJ at other port,s, and the Chinese imniigiatiou on the Pacilic side, niiJj 76 ITEMS OF THE MISSION AND COLONY. more than 300,000 may be estimated as the number added to the population in a single year. Thu» a population equal to that of the metropolis of London — 3,000,000 — is added every ten years, to spread over th^e new country, and found villages and towns, where exists, to begin with, no spiritual provision whatever. Surely the Church should follow these wandering children, and assist in preserving amongst them the blessed means of Spiritual Life. They are for the most part poor. If assisted in their first struggles in settlement, they will heartily con- tribute labour and some means towards the erection of churches, and vrill gradually do more and more towards the support of their clergy. But, if neglected, they will fall away. Either there will be a spiritual desert or a wilderness abounding in superstitions and heresies. H n ' I. I m CHURCH rROORESS. Since the last Eeport, St. Saviour's Church, Cariboo, has been finished and opened, but not without leaving a debt of £400 yet to be paid.. — At Lytton, the new buildings of St. Paul's Mission have been erected, and operations begun upon a Mission farm of 150 acres. — Indian chapels have been commenced at several points along the Fraser. INDIANS UNDER INSTRUCTION. The Rev. J. B. Good, of St. Paul's Mission at Lytton, reports 2,000 in connection with his work. There can hardly be less than 2,000 willing recipients of the Christian instruction of the Rev. D. Holmes at Hope and Yale and the Fraser ; Cowichan, Alberni, and Nanaimo may furnish 500 more ; and Mr. Duncan atfJ the Rev. R. Tomlinson at Metlaoatla and Naas cannot have less than 1,500, who in various ways participate in their teaching. Thus may we hope that the good seed of the Gospel is being sown in various parts of the colony, sinking into many willing hearts, to be blessed by the Holy Spirit to a joyful increase of the Redeemer's kingdom. Twelve years ago there were not fifty Indians under Christian instruction. The above calculation shows the number now to be over 5,000. Hi: 77 LIST OF THE MISSIONAEY BODY. /j '/^ --®s^@^,i(ly Anon vinous. Pillo, for N'anainio ^nu'^i(•.■^ Dank of Dvilish Nartli nderclon, ,1. H., I'.sr, ■> i'kwi'iu'iil. Mrs. ii ; ;\ntri(l};c,, liev. V.C. ^for r.itlui'.ral) ... Jioatri.'c anil .M'Ycd HlomlirM, A. W. r,-.(| ■Jtnotlihy, Mrs. C liUindell, (". K. Ksn,. (for Nanainio) ]!enyon, Ilcv. E. I! Hlori". Mrs Jiriti ill Ciilunibin. Hank of Oliildeis, >irs. S. \V C'lMirtlioriic, G. V. I'.sc] ■'larkcMi.ss M.(f(ir('a!liedral)|n'rS.r.(;. :. M. n.. per S.I'. (i .'Cotton, Miss (AiiLilic-in Mission, I'lah) ['alv(Tley. Mrs. r. S Cliristian K no« led ;;i' Society (for Tlio'-nji- snii lliver .Mission) Colli), A. H. F.sfi Dent, W. S. Ksq. (£2 for N;i:ia;ir.o) Parnley, Karl of ]>ar(nio\ilh, I';arl of *' Fernsoed " I'awcett, ,1. li. Kmi I'ranklin, F.aily u^llo^e Mi--;oii Ni'W Hnjjiaiid Conipany. {Sc I'owieliaii) (School .-It I-yt I'ovcher, Ciiilain }■',. A '.. Porehcr, Mr-. Charles I'rrsrott,' II. W, Ks(|. jier S.l'.'t : rowel!, liev. ,1. \V. (for Cathedi I'owis, Karl of I'aiil, .Vri'li jraeon lieporl-. Sale of lloyei-.s. Sir I' Scrivener, Mrs. rike Smith, (i. ,1. 1'. Ksi; Smith. Ahid, Ksf|. M.l" Soniertt, •',(;. S. I'.sij S'rv.-nit^ ^f!s~ionary l!o\ SpiTliiiir, .Miss I", Siicyd, Hev. \V.' (for Nanaini' 1 Sothehy, ,M is. Ditto 'I'lionia's, Afrs. cidi. l\y (for f 'riuirhnrn. Colonel for N.in I Wilson, li. }\,^i\. perS.I'.ii. Watson, Miss MarvllorCa s.i'.G : Walford. Mrs.per S.l'.G Wylile, Miss (for Cathedral) I Winchesier. Iii..hop of We-u'lin. T. .M. i;~f|. M.P X. V. /. perS. l',(i. (for Cathedral; I II nonations . ,'i .'i DIOCESE or BATH AND WEIjIjS. * liAl'lI. II. D. SUrine E.q. Dnn. Ami. , £ .«. d. JJ s.il. i TaiKes, , , n sl'.sci. 2 111 - 1 I I Hewsnn, Mr llewson, ;\Iis,s .... ,M(1 1, Miss.... Itoseoe, Mrs Expenses D'Jii. Ann. i: .V. ,/. {j ..,•. rf. — i:i i.i n — 110, — 2 I 2 ion .-, K I [Siv .Ipiiciiiii.r.) ci.oi'orvi). Moore, Rev . ,1. il. t .V. I (i ri77, 1 \V!:ST.I'ENNA1U> OlIirtor\ 10 MISSIO- aLtf'il li r.G. M.l' S(l... am (h'.'i'nhn Mccti'il IV. 'Ill I'm- ("aiibd.i. lal i>iniM)>(.' iili.-iuy- (.Sc ;i>o()i ;it Lyi A...~ l!" iK'r"s.'p/< (for Catlu'di W.V y liiix r N'aiKU'.iv Ditto liy (for f f(ir Nail rS.l'.ii. ,v (lor Ca vl'.U ^ , c l'attu'(iral) *• ' " ;.(ror Cartu'ilrnlj ."i