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Print(
act

H)ivr^ntiui»Mim^--K

^me_moriaTl

CONTAINING

A fuminary View of F A C T S,

WITH THE III

A U T H O R I T I E S.

ANSWER

T O r

The Observations

^ Sent by the Englijh Ministry v""* ' " ' '^"'*/'«

'•«.

T O

.;?

The Courts oi E U R O P E.

T ^M

franjlated from the French,

X. N ETF' TO R K:

Printed and Sold by H. Gaine, at the Printing-Offic*
at tlie Bible and Crown, in HanowSquare, ,757.

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■■■B«np«M^MOTMHi^||«{pi^MMJ|PVWMI«llianMH^^

}JD FE R riSE ME N1

T O T H E

R E A D E R

rH E Public have been already informch^ that
the three French Volume Sy of which the fol-
lowing is a Tranjlation^ were found in a
French Prize taken and brought into New-
York : l^beir Authenticity cannot be fufpeSled, as
they were publijhed at the Royal-Office^ andy con-
Jequently^ by Order of the French iQng.

It is thought that a Publication of them might be of
Service^ as well to difcover the vile Mifreprefentation
of FaSfs of which the French have been guilty ^ as
to malff known the Falfity of their Pretcnfions to
Countries to which they have not the leafl Shadow of
Hight or Claim,

% t

' a*

tf •

•4

[ iv ]

yii to the trarjlatkn itfelf, it is as literal as the
sir fi rent Idioms of the two Languages ivculd permit.
Jn a fVork of this Nature Corrcdnefs rather than
Elcgaiice ought to be ftudied^ and the Reader would
be willing to dijpenje with the Beauties of Exprejjim^
provided he has but ajujl and clear Account of Fa£fsi

The Translator begs leave to make ufe of this
Opportunity publicly to acknowledge the Obligations
he is under to thofe young Gentlemen, who fo
geueroujly favoured him with their JJJillante in this
mrk, and to ajfure them, that he will ever entertain
the mojl grateful Senfe of the Favours they bavi
ionfared upon him.

IS liberal as the
r ivculJ permit.
;fs ratber than
le Reader would
s ofExpreJJimt
Iccount cf' FaStSi

make life of this
the Obligations
,EMEN, who fo
IJJillame in this
(I ever entertain
ours they have

quifit
tify t
her\
A
Wbicl
paciB
profe
lour,
dent I
theC
jpaft,
to be
the/
vanct
evinc

M E M O R t A L, &>€.

Hi S Britannic Majefty hath caufcd to be fcnt to
moft of the Courts of Europe^ a Pamphlet,
. entitled, *' Obfcrvations on the Memorial of
France^ with an Intention to confute the Rca-
fons upon which thcKing hath founded his Re-
quifition of the i\^ o^ Dtcember laft, and thereby tojuf-
tify the Refufal made by England^ of reflioring to Fra$c$
her Veflcls taken in full Peace."

A Refufal fo inconfiftent both with that natural Juftice
Which conftitutcs the Law of Nations, as well ai thofe
pacific Vitws to which his Britannic Majefty hath always
profefledah invariable Adherence, could admit of no, Co-
lour, butthelmputationof Hoftilities to Fr<2W^ antece-
dent to thofe Captures. To weaken the Impreflion, which
the Outrages committed by the Englifo Navy for a Year
jpaft, muft make on the PoWers abroad, it was neccffary
xa be proved, or at leaft maintained, that ihtFnncb were
the Aggreflbrs : Such accordingly is the principal Fadl ad-
vanced in thefe Oblcrvations. They are intended to
evince, that thtFremb have committed Hoftilities in /kne--
rica, which have obliged the Court of Londan, to feck
Redrefs by juft Reprifals. '

Jo thefe Imputations, the Court pf France will only op-
pofe the moft Ample Viewof what has pafled between the
two Nations, whether in Europe or America^ fince the
Treaty ok Jix-la-€hapelle. The Sovereigns have for
Judges, the Age in which they live, and Pofterity : It is
the Province of impartial Hiftory alone, to arraign their
Condud, as it alone can defend them.

To put the Recital of fuch important Fafts beyond the
l^wer of Cfiofurc, nothing fliallbe advanced which is not

B either

jija.

«.-^;.v*»....^_, ,

\ i

t^l

*-i .

( 1 )

tither confcffed by both Courts, or proved by authcnt'wi
«nd inconteftible Pieces. Thofe which were found in the
Cabinet of General Braddocky after the Engagement which
coft him his Life^ have given fucii Lights into the Plan of
the Court of London^ as were not intended for public View,
tillafter having try'd all poITiblc Ways, /paring the Eng-
lijh Miniftry the Mortification of feeing their Syftemun-
vailed.

By the Treaty of Utrecht ^ France had added to Eng'
land, Nova-Scotia^ or Acadia ^ according to its ancient
Limits, a- alfo the Town of Port-Royal. It is probable,
that at that Time, the Minidry of Great-Britain had
nearly the iame Idea of JCadia, properly lb called, as had
ever been encertain'd in France \ but certain it is, that at
that Time they had never dreamt of extending this Province
as far as the Southern Banks of the River 5/. Lawrence.
. Accordingly the French fettled upon the River St. JohH^
all along the Coaft of the EtcheminSj and from that Coaft
as far as the River 5/, Lawrence j even the Inhabitants of
Minas, in the- Neighbourhood of the JJlhmus, and the
other Countries neareft to that which had been ceded to
Great-Britain, found no Change in their Conditionj or
in their PoflcfTions. The Englijh neither attempted to
drive them out of the Country, nor to oblige them to
take the Oath of Allegiance to the .King oi England.

Thefe Inhabitants continued peaceably to enjoy their
Eftatts under the Proteftion of ths King, whom they had
never ceafed to regard as their lawful Sovereign.

From the Year 1744 until 1748, the Scene of War
was opened in America, as it had aj^eady been in Europe \
but the Objedt of it there was no other than that which
had already divided the Powers on the old Continent.
There was then no Queftion about the Limits of the re-
fpedlive States, nor about the Interpretation of the Treaty
of Utrecht j the Senle of which, clear in itfelf, ieemed the
more fixed by the peaceable Pofleffion of both Nations.
Thus, by tht fifth Article of the Treaty of Aix-la-Cha-
ftlUt it was :houghc iufiicicDC to ftipulate a Rcfiitution of

"« ar

-H

rT... wau» i >i i » < Hl i | i i M il>ili<fpWWWW>WW'>piWP>WlfiWWPI^

!WHWi.l.JJl l W.,W W

i by authent'wi
e found in the
igemenc which
ito the Plan of
)r public View,
iring the £»f -
eir Syfteni un-

addcd to Eng'
to its ancient
It is probable,
>at- Britain had
o called, as had
in it is, that at
ng this Province
St. Lawrence.
River St. JohH^
from that Coaft
le Inhabitants of
'ibmus, and the
d been ceded to
r Conditionj of
tr attempted to
» oblige them to
ng oi England.
r to enjoy their
whom they had
ereign.

Scene of War
been in Eurept\
than that which
e old Continent,
limits of the re-
in of the Treaty
iticlf, leemed the
t both Nations.
^ of Aix-la-Cba-
a Rcftitutwn of

( 3 )

■11 that one Nation might have gained by Conqueft upon
any of its Neighbours fince the Beginning of the War.
Nobody thought of going as far back as the Treaty of
Utrecht •, and by the ninth Article^ it was agreed, That
all Things fhould be reftored to the fame State as they
were, ofought to have been in, not in 1713, but before
the prefent War.

It was immediately upon the Back of this Peace, that
the Court of London formed the Plan of feveral new Set-
tlements', in which they conlulted rather the Intereft of
their awn Commerce, than the Articles of thofe Treaties
which were renewed by that oiMxrla-Chapelle. The Set-
tlements were proclaimed in all thtvc Gazettes, It was then
propofed to carry as far as the River St. Lawrence ^ fuch
Settlements as fhould have been formed on the Coafl of
Acadia i and thofe projefted towards Hud/on* s-Bay^ were
not to be conBned by any Limits.

The Rumour of thefc Preparations, and the Impor-
tance of the ProjeA wTiich they threatned, roufed the At-
tention of the King. He fet forth his Claims in a Me^f
piorial, which he caufed to be fent to the Court of London,
in the Month of 7«»'» i749» *"^ propofed the Nomi-

Sation of CommifTaries in Behalf of both Nations, who >
lould fix in an amicable Way, the Boundaries of their
refjiedtive Colonies. This Propofal was accepted ; and in
the Memorial of the Month of ^w-^j i749> by which his
Britannic Maj^fly confented to the Nomination of thefc
CommifTaries •, he declared •,

ift. That there was no Defign of any Projeft on th«
Side of Hudfon's-Bay. id. That he had fent efFedual
Orders forbidding any Attempt either towards Nova^
Scotia^ or Hudfon's-Bay^ againft the PofTeffions or Com-
merce of the Subjefls of his Mofl Chriflian Majefly*
gdly. That he had not given any Orders for forming Set-
tlements in that Part of Nova-Scotia to which France had
formed any Pretenfion^.

The Settlement of Halifax^ which had engaged the
^(tQntion of^»^/4»</attbat Time, feemeij in fgjpe Me^^*

■ - ' ^ iw\

;*' J.^t :>i tv'^j.JJi.'^'^

" ■'TL^*'''"^'^*

fc?-i

t 4 >
iure, to avouch the Sincerity of ^hts Dedarafion. The
Government of France could take no Alarms from Sup-
plies which feemed only deftined for this rifing City. It
is built on the Coaft of Acadia^ at the Mouth of the Bay
oi ChibouSiou. . ' ' -

One of the prindpal Stipulations which acconipianied the
Nomination of CommifTaries, was, that the Countries up;-
on which they were to decide fhouid fuffcr no Alteration
in thf mean Time. This Stipularion was a Confequenc^
of the Declararion cxprefs'd in the Memoraial of the Court
of London. Thus the French continued to pbflefs all th^
Land which the/had conftantly inhabited ever fince. the
Treaty of Utrecht^ whether between French Bay [Bay «f
Funda] and the River St. Lawrence, or in the Peninful*
itfeif, from Minas, as far as the Jfthmusy and from thCs.
■Jftbmus to the Bay of CbedabouSfon. As to the Banks of
Belle Riviere (Ohio) and the Countries fituatcd to the
^Velt of the Apalachian Mountains,- the EngUJh had ne-
ver had any Forts or Trading-Houfes there. The Court
of London had not even conceived any Projcdl of an Ef*
tablifhment on that Side, and there was ho Mention of
that Country, neither in the Negotiations which precede^
the Treaty of Utrecht, nor in thofc which paved the Way
for the Vciceoi Aix-la-Chapelle.'' ;■ f

The Appointment of Commiffaries, and the mutual
Engagement which had prcceedcd this Appointment, gavei
room to think, that the Ceurt of London, would fend lo
the Governors oftheEngli^ Colonies in AmericayOrden
conformable to the Meafiires taken in Europe. • Nothing
iribre nearly concerned the Tranquility df the two Na-
tions, than toput an early Stop totbofe little Diflenfions,
iRrhich might, in the Sequel, occafion DifFcrences of mofc
ierious Import;' We Ihallpafsover lightly, thofe Broil*
which happened before the Nomination r of CommilTariesj
> Mr. Ma/carens, EngliJhComtnandtint, had intended t6
force the Frf»f/> Inhabitants of St. Jobn-s River, totake the
Oath of Allegiance to the King ^f England. Intimidated
by his Threats, they apply*d to Count Z)tf la GatiJIfonitrty

■^ *-*^ilfy^. *• ? WTfllWWK(^»'

■^■■niR«iiPWw«ni««Mnw||i|i<

n^mumfitmm

aration. The
rms from Sup-
fing City. It
>uth of the Bay

ccompanicd the

e Countries up^-

no Alteration

I Confequcncft

lialpf the Court

pbflefs all th^
ever fince. the

cb Bay [Bay tf

in the PeninfuU

, and from the..

to the Banks of

fituatcd to the

EngUh had nc-

:re. The Court

'rojcft of an Ef-

ho Mention of

J which precede^

1 paved the Way

' 1 ■ ; T

A '

and the mutiial
jpointment, gavei
If, would fend lo
yfi«*r/w,Orderi
Europe. Nbthing
dt the two Na-
fittle Diflenfions,
ifFcrenccs of moft<
;htly, thofe Broil*
of Commiflaries:
t, had intended t6
! River, to take the
and. Intirtiidated
Vt ia Califimiiri,
*- "■' whfli

( 5 )
vho to remove their Fright, fent them an Officer with ^
jfmall Detatchment of Soldiers zndCanadian Militia. M. de
^Galijfoniereihcrff&rds writ to M. MafcarenSy not only to
complain of the Attempt, but alfo to engage him to forbear
thofe Hoftilities, which the Englifli had Continued againft
tYtcAbenaquis^ notwithftanding their having laid down their
Arms, by Order of theFr«i^i£» their Allies, from the very firft
Intelligence of tht Treaty of /lix-ta-Cbapeile. Thefe Com-
plaints laid the Foundation of a very fpirited Correfpon-
dence, which lafted for fome Time between the Marquik
'de lajonquiere And M. Cornwallis, the former of whom
l»ad. replaced the Count de la GaUffoniere, and the lattet
'M. Mafcarens, in 1749. It was taken for granted in
Europe, that an End had been put to thefe Altercations,
hy the Orders which the Court of London declared, in the
ftrongeft Terms, had been fent to the Governors of the
^£w^//^ Colonies, in Confequence of the Appointment of
CommilTaries.

But the Troubles were renewed as (bon as Governor

Cornwallts thought himfelf in a Capacity to aft without

refcrve. There were lent him from England fome Troops,

new Coloniils, Arms and Ammunition ; vthereupon he

immediately attempted to drive the French out of that

Country, againft which his Britannic Majefty had given

Affurance nothing Ihould be enterpfifed Until the Com*-

fniffaries had come to a Determination.

• The firfl: Outrages were committed againft the King's

Subjedts fettled along the North Side of the Peninfula.

The Defign of the Englijh Governor was to force them

to withdraw, in order to make room for his new Colo-^

nifts. The moft of the French FamiHes accbrdingly were

obliged to abandon their Poflefltons in the Peninfula, and

•flee to feek refuge in other Parts of New- France.

Encouraged by this Succcfs, Mr. Cornwallis had a
Mind to treat in the fame Manner the French that Were
fettled without the Peninfula, on the Rivers that empty'
themfeives either into the % French-Bay^ or in^o the Gujf
'■'St. Lawrence. Thofe being continually cxpofcd to the
5 TheBay of Funij. ' ^ "^ flioft

•'' i

'■h.

'^^*^iv^*^'^ii&^^.iiH:ii^.

■ ;3HP» Wi |l>. ' P I ^-WWtf' • -■

( 6 )

♦loft cruel -Treatment, having already fuffered Wrong*
and Outrages innumerable, tl^ought they had a right to
demand of the A/<»rj«/i «/*/« Jtf»j«/>rff that ProtciStion
which his Majefty owes to all his Subjects. The Marquis
dt la Jonquiere fent them a fmall Detachment of Soldiers
and Militia, under the Command of an Officer, to whom
he ^ave particular Orders, not to attempt any Thing
againft tht Englijh ; but only to prevent their making any
Settlpmeat on the Lands in the Poflefllon of France-, and,
above all, nop. to ereA any Sort of Fortification himfelf.
Nay further, the Marquis de la Jonquiere tbok care to
acquaint Mr. Cornwallis of the Step he had taken, his
Reafons for fo doing, and the Orders he had given to that
Detachment.

Mr. Cornwallis complained of that as an Encroach^
ment \ but as the Orders of the Governors of Newr
Frqnce were ftridtjy ohferyed, the Difpute went no
further. •

A little after this, two Things happened which occa-
fioned mutual Complaints, and in which th6 two Courts
warnily interefted themfelves.

Mr. Cornwallis conjplajned of the Cruelty with which
the Abenaquis Savages treated the Engli/b that fell into
their Hands. Thefe Outrages he imputed to the Sug-
geftions .of the French i and the Orders of the Marquis
de la Jonquiere. The Ai<ary«/j fully juftified himfelf frona
that reproach •, and indeed tl^e Abena^uish&d only gratified
their private refentment. After the Treaty of Aix la
Cbapellf the Indian^ at the requeft of the French Gover-
nor had ceafed all Hoftilities, but the Engiyh would never
look on them as comprehended in the general Peace, but
ftill cpntinued to purfue them. Provoked at this, the
Indians revenged their private Injuries } and fo far wa*
the Marquis de la Jonquiere from cnqoma^ng xhem, that
he only fought how to caln? their Fury. The Court of
London Teemed fatisfied with t)ie Explications of the Matr
ter that were (cot to it, and nothing farther \ya$ moved'
in that Affair. ■''■'' '

. ■ •Sep N". a. 'A . Thi

'-'^-»>iitiH^Sin"'

■^^•wfiff^fwmflH^

Fcrcd Wrong!
lad a right to
hat Protection

The Marquis
ent of Soldiers
cer, to whom
pt any. Thing
eir making any
France; and,
cation himfelf.

tbok care to
ad taken, his

given to that

an Encroach-
lors of Newr
ute went no

d which occa-
le two Courts

ty with which
that fell into
1 to the Sug-
F the Marquis
d himfelf frona
only gratified
ity of Jix la
^rgncb Gover-
h would never
ral Peace, but
d at this, the
ind fb far wa&
igthem, that
rhff Court of
IS of the Matr
T was moved '

II . 11 1 mw imii t

The other Affair was more importaht in itfclf, ancf
more dangerous in its Confequences. Some Months ago
the Englijh intercepted all the French VefTels which were
carrying Provifions from ^sbec, either for the Support of
the Troops polled on the Frontiers of Canada^ or for
ciiftomary Frefents, which the French every Year make
the Indians in their Alliance. They feized oppofite to
the IQand St. John^ a Veflel from ^ebec, called the
London^ which having carried Ammunition to Cbedaic f,
was returning empty. Some^Time after they attacked'
and took in the Mouth of the French Bay, a Sloop of
War, called the Saint Franfois^ commanded by a King's
Officer, and having under its Convoy a Schooner laden
with Provifions and Ammunition for the Detachments on
the River St. John. Thcfe Captures, and the Plunder-
ing of feme other VefTels, were theSubjeft of Complaint*
addreffed to the Court of London. And as no Satisfadtion
was made to France^ the Marquis de lajonquiere thought
he had a right to make reprifals, and accordingly ordered
three or four Engli/b Veffels to be feized and confifcated.
Thefe Hoftilitics on the Sea, in which you will picafe
to obferve, the Englijh were always the AggrefTors-
vere accompanied with fcveral Enterprifes againft thofe
Countries, iA which according to Agreement, no Inno-
vations were to have been made. In the Month of jfpril^
1750, General Cornwallis fent Major Lawrence on an
Expedition againft the French Forts on the Continent
which were commanded by the Chevalier de Lacorne.
The Defign of that Armament was inferted in the Bofion
Gazette in New-England^ and was looked on as an Hof-
tihty on the Part of the Governor. The fame Year, in
the Month of Augufi, there were Letters printed in Lon-
don to this Efl=cdt : General Cornwallis hath not confined
himfelf to his Orders j but having built a Fort at Minas^
hath endeavoured to penetrate into the Continent, and to
frcure Succefs to his Defigns, hath ordered a confiderablfe
Fortification to be raifed at a Place called Cbignitou, or
hau-bajjfm^ fituaicd on the Ifthmus, and at the Head of
» . - t SeeN". 3. . _ tht

"■■#

%mi

'**»*^^4«i

wifm

". >»f' HH ''

mfmmmmi'**

' \ '^ ■

the Frm* Bay. Thcfc Places were ccrtaml^^ in _thQ
Number of thofe the Property of >iihich was the Subjca;

""^ Th^Fr^n'^fi' Officers, in order to prbtcft the Countries
they were in Poffeflion of, againft an Invanon fo openly
avowed, were obliged to erc6t in their Turn two littlj
Forts, one oppofire to Beau-haffin, at a l^lace called
Beaufejour ; tiie other at GaJ^pareaux, on the Bay ot
yerte tQ fcrve as a Magazine tor the Erft, and to lecutc
ProviVions for it by the Gulf of f-Law^'l''' ^. , , ^ ^
What paffed at the building of jB** « 4#», Ihewcd the,
Neceffity of thcfc two Fort$, which were defigned for a
Security to the Continent. For General ar»«;<»///i had
inarched fome Troops with fome Piefces of Cannon againft
the Inhabitants of the Ifthmus, who being terriaed, fct
Fire to their Habitations, and betook themfclves to h light.
"What is very fingular •, the Englifi Geperal. who had
reduced the French and their Indian Allies to that cruel
Extremity, had the Aflurance to complain of an HoltHity
on their Parti an Hoftility indeed of a new Kuid, and
which, as it appears, confifted only in abandoning their
own Country upon being invaded • by powerful Strangers.
Thefe Complaints therefore of Mr. Cornwalhs only pro-
duced a clearing up of the Matter, which ooght to con-
vince the King of England of the regular Proceedings of
the Court of France^ and the earned Dcfire it had to pre-

/ The Confequence of that Explication was « formal
Declaration, in which his Britannic U^^^ alTurcs the
King, that he had fent new Orders to attetnpt nothing.
The King, on his Part, repeated the Order$ he had
already fent to the Marquis de la Jonqutere.

Whether the Court of London aftually took any
Meafures to prevent General Cormvallis from going any
farther, or whether the Vigilance with which the Marjwi
de la Jonqutere provided againft a Surprize, put a btpp
to the Proceedings of the Englip, they made no mord
Attempts on that Side, but kept thcrafelvc* wuhinthejr

^^iit.v^H' "-ii.w

■ I'lii&if'^"-'"''^''^

irninnv

crtainly in th^
was the Subjed;

ft the Countries
rafion fo openly
Turn two litclc
a ^lice called
on the Bay of
ft, and to iecucc
rence.

afitt, fhewcdthc
re defigned for a
1 Cornwallis had
f Cannon againft
ring terrified, fct
nlelves to Flight,
eperal, who had
lies to that cruel
jn of an HoftiHty
a new Kind, and
abandoning their
jwertul Strangers.
iwalUs only pro-
ich ooght to con-
ar Proceedings of
ifire it had to pre>

911 was a formal
I^fty affuresthc
I attempt nothing,
c Orders he had
iere.

ftually took any
s from going any
which the Marquis
•prize, put a Stpp
ley made no mprd
jfelvc* within their
Fort*

I
i
t
I

Forti
quiet
Year
give ;
fuffer
tolor
tc-ef^
fertioi
Succc
who i
which
Bill
Side c
plied
W^s n
there
than I

Called
and I
ccrhcc
were i
River
Gentli
theK
comp
theO

frequ(
ever
The/
thcB<
Th
leflcBi
enviec
fomc
River
up thi

fmrnm

IWMMMIi

RMPH

( 9 ) - ,
Fortiat M»«and Beau-baffm : And the B'emB remained
quiet in thofe of Btau-fejour and Gafpareaux. ' From-thft
Year 1751, to the Expedition in 1755, of which wefhall
give dn Account in the Sequel, that Part of New-Prance
ftiffered nothing from the Neighbourhood of the Engli/b
Colonies A good Underftanding fcemed again to be
i"e-eftabIilTied, fo that to put an End to the frequent Pe-
fcrtions on that Frontier, the Marquis du ^efney thi
Succeflbr of the Marquis de la Jonqtti&e, and Mr. IM/om,
who fuccecded General CornwaWs^ agreed to a Cartel,
which was ftriftly oblerved from 1752, till laft Year.

But if Tranquility feemed to be re-eftablilhed on the
Side cf Atadia^ Enterprizes and ^loftlKies were nuilri-'.
plied bn anotlier Side, in which the Prefehration oi Canada
Was not lefs concerned. To fix the Origin and Date of
thefe Troubles, it is neceflary to gb back a little farther
than the. Treaty of y*W<»Ci&/7/^//^. ^

J J<^ 0*'»» or L» belle Riviere, H it is fometimer^x
called, forms a natural Communicaupm between Canada
and Loiijlana, by the Lake Erie, ttfc m^frA being con-
cerned both to difcover and jireferve that Communication,
were the Firft that tractd out the whble Courfe of that
Ktver, part of which Was vifited by M. de Id Salle^ i
Gentlenran of Normandy, in the Year 1679. '" i7»2t
the King in his Letters Patent for the Settling of L<ja/>74»^,
comprehended the River Wabafi, which empties itfelf into
the Ohio, and ito general all the Rivers that faH into the
Miffijippi. Since that Time, the Ohio has never been
frequented by any but the /t^»<:A ; nor did the figf //^
ever make any Pretenfions to the Igrtds waterc^% i^.
The jlpalaehianMoxittt^xm Kivealw^bcen looked on as
rile Bounds of their CoiOTiieJ.

The EngHfl>M\tm^y wlio negTefted no Meahs of
leflcfiing th6 Trade bffranci^ hM tor feme Time paft
envied it that advamaseous Cd'rnii^Uhieation. Ifl 1749
fome Englifi, Traders t*^an'a contraband trade on that .
Rjvcr ; and it was difcoVered that they privatery ftirred
up the Indians to a War with the FreM, Whereuptfh

S. the

m — >i iw ^ j»»p WWi»iywq>BW W,.i i ij> m www^mwmw^w

^^1

( 10 )-

the Count di la Calif oniere fcnt thither M. CeUrin^ tn
Officer from Canada^ wiih Onlcrs, not to ufe any Violence
againft thofe (Irange Fradcrsi but only to enioin them to
withdraw, and, in Cafe of their obftinate Continuance, to
fcize 'heir Goods. That Enjoinnirnt had alitheEffeds

' that could be tcfircd : The Engtip Traders were obliged
to remove, and were ftri^ly charged never to return
thither. M . Celeron alfo, upon fome of the Traders pro-
ducing their Commiflions from the Governor of Pennfil-
vania, give them a Letter for him •, and in it he acquainted
the Governor of what had palTed, and prayed him not
only not to grant any Tuch Commiflions for the l<^uturc,
but alfo to put |i Stop to that contraband Tf ade which
was carried on by the Bfigli/h of his Government, on this
Lands of the King.

M. Celeron was no fooner gone from le 6elU Riviere i
than the Engli/b Traders returned m Crouds. They had
Orders from the Government to excj^e the Indians to take
up Arms againft Prance^ nay, they even brought thefA
J^rms and Ammut^tion. In 1750 the Marquis de la
Jonquiere was obliged again to lend different Detachments,
always with the feme Orders, not to ufe any Violence
againft the Englijh, and to keep in Awe the Indiani that
had' revolted. Accordingly they were ufed with all Gen-
klends : However to prevenr the Progrcfs of that contra-
band Trade, it was thought necefTary to feizefour Englijh
Traders, who in Spite of the Prohibition' continued the
Trade, and who heretofore had been very much fufpeded
of having endeavoured to make the Indians revolt. They
wenicondu£bed to Canada : The Marquis de la Jonqftiert
himtelf qucftione^ftihem, and their Anfwcrs f convinced
fiim of the Certainty of the Advice «he had received. It
wai^pfovcd that the Governor of Pinnjihania had actually
lent Arms and Ammunition and other Prefents to the

. Indians to excite them lb a War. thereupon the Marquis

de la Jonquiere without Hefitation fcnt thefe four Englijb

Men to France ^ and they were kept fofhe time Prifoneri

tit Ruki/le. My Lord AlbemarU, who was then Englijlt

t*e«N». || KmbaUkdor,

intenc
T^
thenif
much
thofe J
of Su
I did no
Detacl
in a vc
abfoJut
Govcn
thrcatn
march
keep c
March
The
fome\j
AlarniJ
figns of
having
M. de i
do, wa(
BlockKt

Therl
Vhen h<
Aimmor
that he
GeneralJ
mons f]
aliPolit]
iffcter.

t The!

fi'mttime [

%;- -':y,-mt'ti-^'^^^-'--'tMt*i^^'*'^^''''^^-'^

;Vf. CeUrSn, «n
lie any Violence

enjoin them w
[Tonunuancc, to
I alithcEffcas
ers were obliged
lever to return
the Traders pro-
crnor of Pennfil-
I it l.e acquainted
prayed him not
for the tuiure,
ind Trade which
rernment, onihie

I le Me Riviere,
ouds. They had
le Indians to take
^en brought thetti
,e Marquis de la
rent Detachments,
, ufe any Violence
re the Indiani that
ufcd with allGen-
rcfsof thatcontra-
afeizcfourfw^/^^
iqn' continued the
ry much fufpcfted
Hans revolt. They
quisdelajonquiere
ifwers t convinced
: had received. I;
/vanitf hadaaually
cr Pfefents to the
reUpontheAfarjai;
t thcfe four EngUjb
otnc time Prifoneri
ho was then Ef!gliJ»
Kmba0»dor,

H II )

PmbalTador, and to whom thry applied for Protedllon,'
folicitcd their Liberty, without compVuning of tlic Kcdkm
for which they were deprived of it., The King ordered
them to be diicharged, and fomc Monry alfo to be given
them : For which my Lord Alhemarle thanked the Super-
intendent of the Marine, as for a pt rfonai Favour.

The Moderation with which thf French had conduced
thenifelves, fervcd to embolden the Indians on Ohio info-
much that there was room to fear a general Confpiracy of
thofe People, to w^om th* Englijh had promifed all kinds
of Succour. Neverthelelj the Marquis de la Jonquiere
did no more in 1751 than he had done in 1750, but the
Detachments that were fent difcbvercd that I'hings were
in a very great Ferment, the ill Eflrefts of which it was
abfoluteiy neccflary to prevent with all Expedition. The
Governor of (Hannda convinced that the Colony was
threatncd with an Invafion of Indians^ was preparing to
march a more confiderable Body of Troops in order to
keep them in Awe, when he died in the Month of
March 1752.

The Marquis du ^efne his SuccefTor arrived at ^uebtc
fomc Months after. Finding the Colony in the greateft
Alarm, he made all haft to carry into Execution the De-
figns of the Marquis de la Jonquiere ; but leveral i hings
having retarded the March of the Detachments, all that
M. de Saint Pierre^ who had the Command of it, could
do, was to ereft at a fmall Diftance from Lake £r/V, a
BlockHoufe, in which he paffed the Winter j from 1753

There he. remained quiet tillthe Mon«h of Odober 1 753,
vhcn hp received a Letter from the Governor or Virginia,
fommoning him, to withdraw. To this he only anfwcr'd,
that he was on French Ground, and by the Order of his
General, to wJ|om he was going to difpatch that Sum-
mons f . As to the reft of his Conduft, he treated with
«U Politenefs the £irr///& Officer who brought him the
tlfcter. '^ . The

t The Governor's T.etter, and A/, dt Saint PJtrre's Anfwer, vfetc
(bmttime ago inferted in the public Newi Papers in Ltnu'ti.

i5'

'^~" 'illMT

( I^ )

The Marqms du ^efnf at the (anoe Time tliat he wai
in6)rined of this Stcj) qt the Governor of Virginia ^ received
Advice from all Farts of the Frcparaiions the EngliJk
Colonies were making to attack the French^ under i'tt^
tcnce of fiiccouring 'the Indians. Thefc Ffcpatation^
Were approved of by the Court of London^ in as much a^
they were publidied in all the Englijb Gazettes fince that
Time, even to the Harangues by wliich the Governors ol*
New England and Virginia laboured to engage the inJiaM*
(o a War with the Irtfub.

The Englijfjh.id already paflTcdthc Apala^bian Mountaint,
with an Army anil feme Pieces of Cannon, when M. d^
Contietdur^ who had taken the Command of that De-
tachment, which formerly belonged tu Af. de St. Pitrrt^
advanced in the Spring of the Year 1754. with five of
(ix Hundred Men, towards the Ohio. He found the
kn^tifij adlually entrenched in a little Fort which they had
built between the Obia md Riviere U Beuf^ {French
preck]. They did not exceed Fifty in Number, and were
commanded by Capt. 7*r^»/. They were || fummoned to
^purt unmediately out of the Liands belonging to i-'r<Mr^.
'I'hcy obeyed, and quietly evacuated their Fort •, they
alfo prayed M. de Contiemur to give them foqie Provi-
fions, which they were in want ot ; He ordered them a
plentiful Sup|)Jy, and deftroyed their For(.

Having continued his March to the Obia^ he found on
its Banks the Traces of 4 Fort which ^hc Engtfjb iutendcti
to build, but which they had no doubt abandonee! M the
Kews of his Approach •, there he fettled and fortified himi
fclf. As they wer; worluag at the Entrenchments of that
Fortification, which they called ^ort du ^eff'j M..
de Cotaiecceur was informed th't a con(Ideri^)lf
Body of Forces was marching towards him. Hcr«t
upon he charged M. dfjumonvilley with a writtei>
Summons, in Form of a Letter, directed fe) the firft Engr
hfb Officer he fljould meet : f It was date^ the 2,:jd of
May^ 1754, and was almoft of the fame Tenor wi£h||if

Summons before Tent to Captain Trent.

t See N» 7.

He aflurcd the
E^'glUk

mmtirH«ti>-

iTilrtWli

itfmm

T-

^1^

\c that he wai
linia, reccivcil

i the lingliA
b, uniler I'rt-
Pjrcpat-^tion^
in as much ai^
ettes fincc that
c Governor* ok*
;ag;e the InJioMS

bian Meuntaim
, when M. M
d of that De-
. de St. PUrre^

with five or
He found the
Which they had

Bcuff [trench
jrobcr, and were
: 11 fummoned tp
ingingtoir^wf*.
,cir Fortv they
em foppeProvi-

ordcrcd them a

rt. ,

hie, he found ot<

EngliJb iutendcd
■bandoncci at the
ind fortified himi
:Qchraenls of that
du ^efne, M,
a confiderahlf

d& him. Hc«"«'
with a wtiuei>

datc^. the 23d of
Tenor wiihl^f
lie affurcd the
Evgliik

( II )

EngUft> that no Violence would be offered them, and fur-
thermore, defircd the Englijb Commander to return hia
Anfwer by M . de JumtnvUUy aail to treat that Officer
with thac Diflindion and Kcf|>ed which he dcl'rrved.

That Deputy fct out with an EtLurt ot 1 hirty Men^
and the next Morning found hui 1 If furruundrd by 9
Numhec pf EngHJh and Indians : 1 he Engli/b quickly
fired two Vollies, vyiiich killed (omc Solilicrs. M. dejm
tnonvtlU made a Sign that he had a i < rtcrfrom his Ct^nr*
mandcr \ hereupon the Fire ccafcd, and ibcy furroundetl
the Frentb Officer, in order to hear i|. lie immediately
ordered the Summons to be read, and, ai itwaa reading
the fecond Time, the Englijb airalfinated him. Thq reft
of the French that efcorted him wrre, u{)on the Spot,, mat^
Prifoners of War. The only one who efcai^ed, and whp
gave M. de Conliecccur a circumftantial Account of th<^^
Affair, allured him, that the Indians who were with the
Englijh^ had not fired a Gun \ and that at the Inftant M.
d» jfumonvilk was airaflfinated, they thcew themfeLv«a io
between the French and their Enemies. -

That Murder produced an F ffcdt in the Minds qL thf
Indians^ which Major A^<}/(2)4»i;^0X, who w#a i|t,thc Peacl
of thajt £;^/fy^ betachmeot, dul pot ip thf leaft expedt,
F.ven thofe, who, by the Suggefttons of! the Engltflf^ had
been moft animated againlt the French, catn^ and oftcc*4
to go themfelves. and revenge that Cdgo^.

The Marquis du ^j^^yisif would no£ accept the OfiTer of
a Nation always cruel in their Vengeance. H9 iroaginf^
at firfl;, that the EngUJh vinyjiiiX difairaw the Facl, ai^
thro>y it upon the Fiercenefs of fome Traders v but ithaf
been fince proved that nothing w^s done but by the Ott
dcrsof the Governors of the EngUlk Col9nics. fW« h»we
the original Journal \ of Mi^pr fVa^^gtoUf, ^Om which
it is apparent that whathe diid«, waa by Virtue of exprefs
Orders which he had received. It was a Thing before
agreed upon* to attack the French wherever they cuuld be
p^i with.

$ See N» 8. ^ V^

1 *•

■'^^iwaff>i^'iiiite^<r'----i'-ii'tifii>^iih-'ti'^ii

( 14 )

As the EngliJIj made no Satisfaflion to M. Contiecaurl
he, upon receiving lnftru(flions from the Marquis du
^efne, enilf-avoured to difcover the i'hce where the
Nuirderers had retired to. He was informed that Major
Wijjhin^ton^ with his Detachment, was in a litrlc Fort
which the Eit^Ufh had built, and called Fort Necejftty^
where he waited the Arrival of fome new Troops that
were deftinec to come and attack Fort du ^,efnc. He
thereupon fent out a Detachmenr tb recover, if poflible,
the French Priforiers, or at lead' to oblige the Etiglf/b to
withdraw froni ihe Lands belonging to the French. M.
de Villiers, the Brother of M. dejunionville^ was charged
with that Cpmriiiflion, and tiie Inftruftions given him
were entirely confined to that. He was alfo cxprefsly com-
manded, not to ufe any Violence, if the EngUjh would
withdraw.

He left Fort'i?« "^uefne the 28th of 7«;/(?, and having
paffed the Place wherd the Murder was committed, and
where the Bodies of the French (lill lay ; he arrived the
third of 7«/)'., ih Sight of Von Neceftty. The Englijb,
•whaH»!'erc without the Fort, -fired a Volley, and retired
int^t. The Fort was immediately invefted, and attack-
ed: The JFire was very hot, but M. Villiers put a Stop
to it about eight o'Clock at Night, in order to propofe to
the*£»|'/(^a''Surrender,toavoidanAffault, which would
have cxpofed them to all the Cruelties of the Indians ^ even
in Spight of the French, The Propofal was accepted,
ind the Capitulation drawn ujh The French would not
make them Prifoners, becaufe they did not look on them -
fclves as'at War. They only demanded, that rhofe who
rfcorted M. Jumpnville {hould be returned. Mi]or IVafir
ingtori engaged to fend them to Fort du ^efne^ and gave
Hoftages for, the Performance of his Promife. In fine,
the Ew^/Z/^ were fufiered to depart with one Piece of Can-
non, and all their Effe6ls. § They themfelves acknov/-
Jedged, in the firft Article of that Capitulation, that the
Defign of the French was only to revenge the Jffaffination
ef-a French Officer ^ the Carrier of a Summons. The Ca-
§s.-eN». 9. pitulatioa

r ''"•^■^' Wf I m miviinilr-— ^-

< m < imi»!

i J iiiwii iii i n i in

to M. Cofttiecaurl
the Marquis du
IMace where the
ormed that Major
'as in a lifle Fort
id Fort Necejftty^
new Troops that
:t du ^.efne. He
cover, if poflible,
lige the Englijb to
the French. M.
ville^ was charged
ndions given him
alfo cxprefslycom-
the Englijh would

■ June^ and having
IS committed, and
ay ; he arrived the
f/y. The Englijh,
olley, and retired
ireftcd, andattack-
'illiers put a Stop
order to propofe to
Fault, which would
f the Indians, even
ofal was accepted,
; French would not

not look on them -
?d, that thofe who
rned. Major ^<»/!?r
a ^efne, and gave

Promife. In fine,
h one 'Piece of Can-
chemfelvesacknoW-
pitulation, that the
5ge the Jffaffinatlon
Ummons. The Ca-
pitulatioa

I-**™^!*!*!!

"'i'lW!?^'

( '5 )

|itulation being figned, and the Fort evacuated, fho
trench deftroyed it, and returned to Fort du ^uefne, with
the two Hoftages. ^ * ^

But that Agreement, to which feven or dght Hundred
tnghlhmen owed their Lives, was by no-Means executed
on their Part The Prifoners were never fent buck to
Jort du ^ue/ne : Out of twenty that ,vere taken, ftvcn
have been lent to £»^/W, where they arrived feparately.
atter having fuffer'd the moft unworthy Treatment Up-
on their Arrival, they inapbred the Afliftanceof the Duke
deMtrepoix, who fent them over to France mhc Ex
pence of the King i what is become of the reft, we are
altogether Ignorant. '

Pej haps the Motive which induced the Enplifh to de-
^in the Pnfoners was a Piece of Cunning on their Part.
The ^rw^. would have made no Hefitation in ipndinff
back the Hoftages immediately ; but thefe had theiRiOr-
ders, and their Stay at Fort du ^efne was too advanta-
8'°J?^ for ti^tEngm to think of having them iciroved. •
.u L ^^?^S« "anied,'- the one yacoi yimlrane, and "^
tht oihtr Robert Stobo, were two very crafty Spies, and 'V.
found Means to carry on a Correfpondence with the £«?-

Ia\ i^fo'rl. h^"%T' L°""^"'"°"S the Papers which
fell into the Hands'ofthei^rm^ after the Battle of the
9th ^JJuhyiySSy the Letters which Robert Stobo, one
Of the Hoftages, had written to Major fVqAimton +

lx:!i^fv' ^8^«7«^^» J° ^hich is'anne Jr al, ex^A
Plan of Fort du ^uefne, which he had himfelf drawn, de-
ferves, above all. a careful Perufal. In it that Spy aives
a very juft Account of iheSituat on the French were then
in, their Number, and their Forces : He fticws both the
Time when the F.nglifi might attack the Fort, and the
fureft Way to make themfelves Matters of it • But what
IS particularly to be remarked in that Letter, i^ that not-
withftanding that Englilhman feemed to be animated with
Fury againft the French, yet he is obliged to do Juftice
tp their peaceable DifpoHtions. "' •

■--■-^ '^ ■■-■- . , , ■',:. .V-, The •

■■•f

*'•..- J.. JSt.^

MRffP'iP'

( iS )
The Enzm were «|u\te of a diflfcrent Temper : Major
Waft>ington did not dare to attempt any Thing, btcaufc he
had not Forces enough ; but from that lime ^a I the
Emlilb Colonies were in Motion to execute the Plan ot
ierneral Inyafion, formed and fent trom LoKdon at.a
r^e len'l^ Commiffaries of the Enghjb Nation at
Paris feemed to -hare nothing more at Heart, than to
foncu'rwiththofeoftheKinginfcttlin^iPlanof Agreement:

The Faas which I am now giiing to relate, delerve a
Very ferious Attention. It is v»1lh regret they are pub-
hfhcd: but the Intcreft of Truth requires rt-, bcfides, itlS

hcceffary that Eurcfe. ^»^'^ 'f ^'^'-'^^^T ^ J'^f ,Tu/
"War, ftiould at lengrh know the true Authors 6T a Rup-
ture the Confequenccs of which cannot but be fatal.

fent thp feveral Governors of th<r Engl,ft> Colonies Orde«
refi*Rine the Manner in which they ought %)condott
thcmfelv?!. *i<h regard td the FrencB. As we have not

• the Otdersi we can only judge of their Contents, by the
Behaviour of the Englijh. From the Inftruaion»_^)f his
Britannic MajeOy. found among the Papere of General
Braddotk, we learn, that he exhorted the Governors to
imite their Endeavours for carrying Jnto Execution a
ftudied and preconcerted Plan. . ., • a „.«^

On thegd of July, i754» »^« ^^''T'l ^u*^'?^^!^

• hew Ord^i for the Execution of which, he fent the
GovernoHr yifginia ten thoufand Pounds Sterling; with
Liberty to^raw on England for ten thoufand Pounds more.

On the 25th and 26th' of OSfokr, 1754* and on thft
Ath of November of the fame Year, the King of £»^/^»'«
irote to the Governors of the Englifh Colonies other Let-
' ters. which contain^ Schemes of mifitary Operattons, fincc
one of the Inftruftions given the 25th of Ntvetl^er 1754.
t6 General Braddock, is, to confult thofe Letters and to
4ft agreeable thereto. r u-

AU.this e6uld not be the EfFcft or Confequence of the
Ouarrels that happened at the 0^/ff : For it was impoffiblc
^t the News of them could have yet reached London.

ricrc

<liitoiihitnit'iiifi»itt- ri

mMiebMi^ii^

.jMtfi- -i»Jt»*>-«i>»-'««''

empcr : Major
ling, bccaufc he
t Time all the
ute the Plan of
■n LorJon, at. a
iglijb Nation at
Heart, thantd
m of Agreement:
■elate, deferve a
tt they arc pub-
it-, befideSj itiS
;d with a bloody
jthors6taRup-
but be fatal,
of Great- Britain
Colonies Orders
)Ught%) condoft
As we have not
Contents, by the
nftruaion»*of his
apers of General
the Governors to
into Execution a

tnic Majefty gav«
hich, he fent the
inds Sterling; with
and Pounds moi^e.
754, and on thft
ieKingof£»^/<»»'*
:olonies other Let*
y Operations, fincc
)f isjfvettSer 1754,
lofe Letters and to

Confequence of the
'or it was impoffible
reached London.
Here

•!SSf!g

■lilll

( 17 ).

Here then is a Plan formed, and Operations com-
menced. But what thofe Operations were, it is of Im-
porcance to examine.

In the Month of September, 1 7^4, Colonel Braddock
was nominated by his 5r//<»««/VMajefty, General of all
th: Forces that were, or that fhould be fent to Nertb-
Jmerica. Immediately the Troops prepared to embark
in Ireland, which alarmed France. We fhall fee prcfcntly
whether there was any Foundation for Miftruft.

Commodore Keppel was appointed to command the
Fleet, which was to favour the Attempts they had deter-
mined to make by Land ; and when the Veffels were juft
ready to fet Sail, the King caufed co be drawn up and
figned at St. Jameses, on the 25th of November , an In-
ftrudion, containing Thirty Articles.

As it referred to the Orders which had been before
given to the Governors of the Colonies, it does not con-
tain a circumftantial Account of the Operations intrufted .
to the General. There we fee that he was commanded
to execute a Plan, for doing which, he was to aft in
Concert both with Mr. Keppei, and the Governors of the
Colonies; that, that Plan contained a Train of mili-
tary Expeditions, of which he was to render an Account
to the Minifter who was charged with fending him fuller
Orders from Time to Time.

The Duke of Cumberland, to whom, as it appears, his
Britannic Majefty committed the Arrangement of the
general Plan, caufed to be drawn up mere particular In- .
Itruftions for General Braddock^ They were contained in
a long Letter which was written to him by Colonel Napier,
in the Name of his Royal Highnefs, and which was dated
the fame tfth Day of November 1 754. That Letter •,
which deferves a particular Attentbn, contains the Order
and Succeffion of^ thofe Operations, which had been con-
certed long before at the Court of London. I fay long
before ; For indeed Colonel Napier begins with informing
General Braddock, who was then in Ireland, that the In-
ftruftions hp was going to give him in writing, were only
•SeeN". iz. ]jL * the

pV^v*

M^.:^

hi'

( i8 )

the refulc of thofe which his Royal Hijghnefs had hitnfelf
given the General in the feveral Converfations he had with
him.

I fhall not here enter upon a Detail of all that is con-
tainM in that Letter of Inftrudions. It does more Honour
to the Abilities of the General of an Army, than to the
Intentions of the Prince in whofe Name it was written.
From that authentic Piece, it is apparent, that for certain
in the Month of November^ 1754* and very likely many
Months before, it was refolvcd on in England to attack
Canada on all Sides, and that the Method of doing it^
was fettled and made known to the feveral Commanders
whofe united Endeavours were all to be diredted to the
fame Objedt. We fee that General Braddock was to make
himfelf Matter of Fort dti ^ejne, thence proceed to Ni-
iigaray and to reduce that Place -, that Fort Frederick v/ns
to be attacked, and carried by the Provincial Troops i
and, finally, that Colonel Lawrence was charged with re-
ducing Fort Beaufe/iur, in the IJlhmuSy and that all thefe
Expeditions were to be fcconded by the Motion of the
Fleet. The conquered Countries were afterwards to be
protefted by fome Forts which they intended to build,
and the Troops, after a Campaign^ the Operations of
which were fo well fettled, were to be quartered in Pla-
ces where they could alTifteach other to execute, no doubt,
the Sequel of the general Plan, and tbofe fuller Orderi
which were promifed the General.
^ While the Minifters of Great-Britain ^ endeavoured td
\ amufc the Court of France^ and in the N<^otiation that
was then carrying on, feemed to fhew the moft earneft
Defire to prefcrve Peace •, General Braddock^ in Concert
with Commodore Keppely Colonel Shirley^ and the Go-
vernors of ihe EngHJh Colooies, laboured vigoroufly in
yftnericOf to haften the Preparations for War. What I
am going to mention of thefe Preparations, is taken from
the General's own Letters : They form a very fingular
Contrail: with the Memorials which were fome Time ago
delivered to the Frtncb Awb^Sadox ^xLondon, ai^ which
■ I (hall

;hnefs had hitnfelf
itions he had with

of all that is con-
oes more Honour
rmy, than to the
ne it was written,
t, that for certain
very likely many
England to attack
thod of doing it,
eral Commanders
be directed to the
ddock was to make
ce proceed to iW-
'ort Frederick v/ns
■ovincial Troops i
i charged with re-
and that all thefe
le Motion of the
afterwards to be
intended to build,
he Operations of
quartered in Pla-
;xecute, no doubt,
fbofe fuller Orders

r, endeavoured td

Negotiation that

the moft earneft

ddocky in Concert

-ley, and the Go-

ired vigoroufly in

jrWar. What I

ons, is taken from

m a very fingular

re fome Time ago

London, and which.

I (hall

j j ^^ ^ 'j

. ( 19 ) -

I (hkll not take Notice of, till 1 have firft given a full Ac-
count of what pafled in Americay after the Arrival of
General Braddock.

He landed at fVilUamJhurg, the Capital o^Virginia, in
the Month of F(f^r«<7ry, '755« * AH the Governors of
the feveral Englijh Provinces, had already received their
Orders, which principally concerned the raiting of Troops
and Money. A common Fund was to beellabliflied, for
defraying the Expences of fo important a Campaign : As
to the reft, they were ordered to execute whatever was
prefcribcd to them by the General, whofe Abilities for
War, deferved to have been employed in a better Caufe.

He found at WiUiamJburg, Sir Jvhn St. Clair, who
gave him an Account of the Difpofition of the Colonies,
and Situation of the Troops. The Independant Compa-
nies of New-lork, were in a very bad Condition ; and
among the Provinces, Pennfylvania and Maryland, were
far from furnifhing their Quota. They had no Occafion
to complain of their Neighbours the French, and they
were not willing to interrupt an Harmony that was advan-
tageous to their Trade and Commerce. The Orders of
the Court of London^ and the Letters which the General
wrote upon his Arrival, had a greater Effect upon the
other Colonies. In order to haften die raiHng of Money,
the General engaged to make himfelf accountable for the
Manner in which it Ihould be expended. M. Dinwiddie,
Governor of Virgima, had found Means to raife io,ooo
Pounds ^rling: His Example kindled an Emulation in
the other Governors ; accordingly, the Afiemblics of the
Colonies were called to meet in the Month of May next
enluing.

General Braddock appointed Alexandria for the Ren-
dezvous of the Virginia and Maryland Troops ; and, in-
ftead of quartering thofc he had brought from Europe, as
he at firft intended •, he ordered the Tranfport Veffels to
fail up the River Potomack, and to land them at Alexan-
dria, in order to form a Camp there, -f- In the mean
Time, he took care to eftabhfti Poft«, that he might

SceN" 13. t SeeN^ i^.

maintain

flMW

•mumimm^

maintain a Aire Correfpondence between flie Army and the
Cities of Pbiladelpbiay AnnapaliSy and H^illiamjburg. Bqe
as it was in^poflible to 6nd Forage beyond the Morntains,
before the latter End of yfpnV, he refolved not to begin
his Expedition till that Time.

In the Interim .no Time was loft t The General had
begun with (hutting up the Forts, in orders fays he, that
m Provifiom may be carried to the Enemy. To this was
added another Advantage, of keeping all Things fcciet,
while they raifcd Recruits, tranfported the Artillery, and
formed Magazines of all neceflary Provifions and Muni-
tions. General Braddock and Commodore Keppel con-
tinually communicated to each other their Views and Pro-
jeds : The latter furnilhed fome Cannon, of which the
liand-Army had not a fufficient Number. Thefc two
principal Men were divided in one Tingle Point, which
was, how they fliould treat the Frencby whom they were
quite fure of taking. The King of England had ordered
them to be put on board the Fleet and fent to France.
M. Keppely who had not been apprized, but by General
^raddockt oi that Refolution, found it a very nice Aifair
for him. Hitherto he had followed fimply the Directions
of the Court, yet he was well aflured of the Defire of the
I^atton. He wanted however, to have it in his Power to
juftify himfcif, in cafe the Nation fhould one Day difap-
prove of thefe Violences, fo contrary to the Law of Na-
tions, and, therefore, he demanded of the General to fenc^
him pofitive Orders. ^

As the Number of the Forces could not b^oo great
with which they intended to fall upon Canada^ on the one
Hand, the Governors had Orders to receive all French
Deferters, to treat them well, and to furnifli them with
every Thing that they wanted .• On the other Hand,
Pains wer£ taken to acquaint the Indians on Ohio^ that the
Englijb had no other Defign, but to defend them againft
the Encroachments of the French : And the Governors of
the Provinces did not fail to prefs them to repair to ff^ills-
Cireeky on the Frontiers of Virginia. Hctwever, we can

fay

II H il l I I W l

he Army And the
llliamjburg. Bqe
1 the Moi:ntains»
vcd not to begin

rhe General had
f(rr, fays he, that
my. To this was
I Things fcciet,
le Artillery, and
fions and Muni-
iore Keppel con-
r Views and Pro-
n, of which the
iber. Thefc two
le Point, which
fvhom they were
land had ordered
fent to France.
but by General
very nice Affair
ly the Directions
the Dcfire of the
t in his Power to^
1 one Day difap-
the Law of Na-
: General to ienc^

lot b^oo great
nadoy on the one
iceivc all French
jmifh them with
:he other Hand,
on OhiOf that rhe
;nd them againft
he Governors of
» repair to fVills-
pwcver, we can
fay

• * ( 21 ) •

fty, in general, the EngUflj had very little Amftancefrom
thofc Peoole. The Iroquois^ [the Five Nations] did not
in the Icaft aflift them. By M, Braddcck's Letters, we
fee, that, of the Five Nations, none but the ylniez [Mo'
hawks] feemed to fliew any Attachment to them.

What Means fliould be uled in order to engage the //i-
dians to take up Arms againft the French^ and to ravage
their Colonies, was one of thofe Things which were de-
bated in a grand Council held at Alexandria, about the
Middle of Jpril. On the i jth. Colonel Shirley^ Gover-
nor of New- England, arrived in that Town : He was ac-
companied with all the other Governors, and with Colo-
nel John/on, who, of all the Engli^ Officers, was the beft
acquainted with the Genius oi the Indians, and the Man-
ner of treating with them. M. Shirley, if we believe Co-
lonel Napier' & Inftruftions, was fitter tor Council than for
Command. However, he had with an armed Force, builc
a Fort in the French Country, up the River Nourentfouac
[Kennebec] about 30 Leagues from Sluebec -, that Expe-
dition, no doubt, gained liim the Friendlhip of the Ge-
neral, who had always a particular Regard for him, and
who, as we fhall fee, trufted him with one of the mod
important Commands. He had already had an Interview
with him at Annapolis, in Maryland, and very likely they
had fettled between themfelves Part ot thofc Things which
were the Subjeft of Delibera:ion in the general Council at
Alexandria. A Copy of the Refolutions there taken, was
fcnt to M. Robinfon, Secretay of State, in a Letter which
the General wrote to him the 19th of April. That Let-
ter informs us, that the Plan of Operations for the Cam-
paign was there finiflied. They Icemed fo well conneft-
ed together; that M. Braddock is not afraid to fay, that
the Succefsof one, ajfured him of the happy Iffue of all the
Rejl, -j- — — And there might be Realon for his writing
fb } for the ill Succcfs of one, has made all the reft to
mifcarry. Here then are the different Parts of the Plan,
SIS they were fettled at that Congrcfs,

t Bet bU Letter of the ye^th 0/* April, la N?. 1 3 .

■trtMlh-^-t'-'

\:...
K^''

h I

( 2« )

ifi. It was agreed, that in Furluancc of the Plan con-
certed between M, Shirley and M. Lawrence^ Governor
of ylcadia^ and fornxrly fent to the Court of London^ Co-
lonel Momkton fliould, without Delay, attack the French
Forts on the Side of Acadia. His Orders for that Ex-
pedition were immediately difpatched to him.

2</, It was agreed that Mr. Jobnfon^ with a Body of
about four Thoufand four Hundred Men, raifed in the
iMorthern Provinces, fliould attack Fort Frederic [Crown-
Point] and make himfelf Matter of it.

3^, That M. Shirky^ with his own and PepperelPt
Regiments, fhould atuck Fort Niagara^ that he (hould
be lupplied with a fufficient number of Battoes totranfport
his Troops and Artillery thither by Lake Ontario^ and
that the Garrifon of O/wego fhould be reinforced, which
was to afTifl him in Cafe of Need, and to favour his
Retreat, if he fhould be purfued.

^tbfyt Befides the Attack of Fort Frederic^ Colonel
Jobnfon was charged with an important Treaty with the
Iroquois^ [Indians of the Six Nations] wh-om they wanted
by all Means to cngagd in the War. General Braddcck
was not ignorant what formidable Encmits thefc Indians
are. He gave Mr. Jobnfon Harangues ready made §,
and two thoufand Pounds, to be laid out in Prefents for
them.

c,tblyy The remaining Expedition, which the General
refervcd for himfelf, is but too well known by its ill Suc-
ccfs. It was refolved, that be fliould fct out for Frederic-
iTown the 20th of Jpril, ^r d to reach the Mountains by
the firfl of Afoy, that he might be in a Capacity to finifh
in the Month of June, all that he propofed to execute on
the Ohio.

Such exaftly was the Plan, which tended to open all
the Gates of Canada to the Englijh, and to make them
Matters of the River St. Lawrence, Every Commander
knew his particular Deftination, and the Connexion his
CommifTion had with all rhofe that ought to be executed
at the fame Time. They thought, by haftening the In-
i Sec N». 13 A14. •" vafion,

vafion
fpent
of M
which
pain ft
fitted
only c
at Nil
Shirlt

Iti
Time
Enter
painte
kobin
which
had \
order
Count,
for ti
Cumhi
about
Ifrue(
unha[
Proje

Co
Cong
theC
Part (
order
to ret
Prefei
to pel
feffioi
Engli
their

Id tie ',
Apala

^ ■■

n ^M *t \pn wj * m^ w ff '■^fi^iKiv*'^. . ^»-^**n,r

r.4P>««4IKlMN«*NP>i'«a>i«««l«»WM«»M«ai*MapMMipPHg^Ki

( 2^ )

" .^^I'l*^ r^^l -°"* I ^^*°"i *° furprifc the French. General Braddock having

^^^^^ ^^ Pf,fjgf.l^,<^gy^„ (}^g Ljj{t Qf ^^// and Beginning

of A/d[y, arrived the loth of Alay at Fort Ctimberland^
which l*lacc the Army reached on the 1 7th, after a very
painful March of twcnty-fevcn Days. This Army con-
fided only of two Thoufand effcftive Men, and fo wa«
aniy defigned to reduce Fort du Sluefne^ and then to join
at Niagara that Body of Troops commanded by Mr.
ibirley.

It appears that Mr. Braddock had not given himfcif
Time to refiedl ferioufly on the DifBcultics attending his
Entcrprize. You fee his Dilquictudcs and Uncafincfs
painted in the Letter he wrote the 5th of June to Mr.
Robinfon. He there complains of the little Zeal with
which the Colonies had feconded him, of the Dangers he
had under-gone, and the Charges he had been at, in
order to tranfport the Artillery and Munitions in a
Country as yet ujunhabited^ unknown ^ and unpajfable^ even
for the Inhabitants tbemfehes *. He ! was yet at Fort
Cumberland when he wrote that Letter. He left that
about the latter End of Juney and all know what was the
Iflue of the Engagement on the 9th of Jufyt which was
unhappy for him, and which put an Knd ro his Life and
Projeds.

Colonel Jobnfan had fct out immediately after the
Congrefs at Mexandria, in order to execute on his Part,
the Commifllon which was intrufted to hin:. He fpcnt
Part of the Month of May among the Five Nations^ in

awrence^ Governor
lurt of London^ C«'
attack the French
)rders for that Ex'
to him.

0», with a Body of
Vlen, raifed in the
rt Frederic [Crown-

ivn and PeppereWt

arOy chat he (hould

Battoes to tranfport

Lake Ontario^ and

)e reinforced, which

and to favour his

rt Frederic^ Colonel
tant Treaty with the
I whom they wanted
. General Braddock
[iemi;s thefe Indians
gucs ready made §,
d out in Prefents for

I, which the General
known by its ill Suc-
[ fct out for Frederic-
ch the Mountains by
I a Capacity to finilh
opofed to execute on

:1s tended to open all
, and to make them
Every Commander
I t'je Conneftion his
ought to be executed
by haftening the In-
vafion,

order to animate them to the War. Nothing waslpared
to render ihe French odious. But neither Calumnies nor
Prefents had the defired Effe£t. In vain dki he endeavour
to perfuade thtf Mohawks., that the French had taken Pof-
Feflion of different Countries which belonged, not to the
Engliflt (for he durft not go fo far) but to the Indians^
their Allies. Thofc People, who have more Senfc than

How do theft Terms agree 'with that Pofeffian, ivhich, accor£/tg
lo tie Englifh, Jicurn to thtm the Property ofibg CektUnct IVifi of the
Apalachian iVi9»a/«///i .

S<^

■wi

Wfmmmmmmmmm

( U )
is commomly imagineil, were not to be taken in that
Snare. They returned an Anfwcr full of Compliments i
but they rcfufed coming to any Conclufion, under Pre-
tence that it could not be done, but in a general Council
of all the Nations. In fine, the Sjietchesboth of Colonel
'Jobnfony and of the Indian Sachems, prove, that the
latter did not think the Ettglijh had any Right to prefcribe
Laws to them. Both Nations treat with each other on a
Foot of Equality. The Iroquois^ who were then fomc-
thing inclined to make a I'reaty of Alliance with the
Englijh^ are become their mortal Hncmies, fincc the Pro-
clamations, by which the Engli/b Commanders were fo
imprudent as to offer a Reward for their Scalps.

While that important Treaty was carrying on, Colonel
Jobnfon did not lofe Sight of the Attack of Fort Frideru\
On the «lh of May he wrote to the Governors, who were
tofurniinhim with Men and Artillery §. On theoneHand,
that Letter proves that he had rcfolvcd to bombard the
Fort ( and, on the other, that he flattered himfelf, he
Hiould be able to appear before the Place, before the French
had any Intimation of hisDefign.-— /f// Ti>/)»^j, fays he,
muft be hajiened^ that Nothing may retard our March^
which might confirm the Enemy in their Su/picien of an
uittacky if unhappily they have any Intelligence of it-

On the Side of /icadia^ Colonel Moncittony ready to
execute the Attack of the Forts on the IJihmus, began
with pubhfhing a Proclamation on the third of May^ in the
Name of Governor Lawrence^ by which all the Inhabitants
of the French Lands beyond the Ifihmus^ are commanded
to furrendcr themfelves immediately to the Englifh^ and to
deliver up all their Arms*. That was certainly the
Country, in refpeft to which, his 5nV^«»;V»Majefty had,
after the Building of the Englijh and French Forts in the
JJibmus, formerly promifed, that no Innovations fhould
be made, till the Commiflaries had come to a Determination.
On the 1 6th and 1 7th of 7««' following. Colonel Monckton
bombarded and took the French Forts of Btau-fejour and
i^ii/pcre&iix.

jSesN'. 15. •SceNV 16.

be taken in thaC
)f Compliments i
ifion, under Fre-
a general Council
sbotli ot Colonel
prove, that the
kight to prcfcribc
h each other on a
> were then fomc-
Alliance with the
les, fince tJje Fro-
imanders were fo
ir Scalps,
rying on , Colonel
: of Fort Frideric\
irernors, who were
OnthconeHand,
d to bombard the
ttercd himfclf, he
, before the French
H Things ^ fays he,
etard our Marcbt
<eir Sujpicion of an
elligence of it-
knckton^ ready to
the IJibmuSi began
lird of Majfy in the
hall the Inhabitants
(J, are commanded
the Efigli/bt and to
was certainly the
<2»»/V«Maje(ly had,
rencb Forts in the
Innovations fliould
to a Determination.
, Colonel Momkton
i of Btau-fejour and

rnmmmimiim

im n i i ii

C 25 )

We are now come to the Time, when the Rupture
between the two Conn s became notorious » it would have
been fooner, if the Court of France could have been
fooner informed of the Rcfolu'ions of his Britunnic
Majefty ; Bm at the very Time that they exccutcil iti
yfmerica the Flan ot '..ovafion, that h;ul been concerted be-
fore the Year 1 y^^., the Minifters ot Great -Britain^ (ought
to amufe the Court of France with Negociations. 'J'hey
carried on a War J^f-yond Sea, and in Europe^ fcenicd
wholly taken up wit a Syflem of Facification, and the
Means to prevent that Rupture which England had rc-
folved on.

That Negociation, which Europe o\.\^m to be informed
of, was only intended, on the Fart of England, to gain ■
as much Time as would be neccflary to carry into Exe-
cution all the Farts of the Flan. So we fhall fee, that the
more condelccnding France fhewed itfelf, the more the
Rritifb Minifters invented new Difficulties, to prevent the
coming to an Agreement, till, at length. General Brad-
dock*s Letters having given the Court of london full AC-
iurance of Succefs ; his Britannic Majefty gave exprefs
Orders to make open War by Sea, and to attack, with-
out Diftin<5lion, all the VefTels of the King.

The Defigns of the Court of London will be laid open,
by a particular Account of the Negociations, which en-
gaged the moft ferious Attention of the French Minifter,
and which feemed to engage the Attention of the Miniftcr
of Great- Britain, forthe tirll fix Months of the Year 1 755.

In the Month of January oftha|.Year, his Majefty,
willing to prtvent the ill EfFefts onhe accidental Diffe-
rences between the French and Engli/h, 01! the Banks of
Ohio, (the Caufe of which, as you have feen above, can-
not be imputed to the French) fent to the Court oi Lon'
doH. by the Duke<// Af/r^po/x, a Memorial, which had a
Tendency to prevent the Effea: of thefe Troubles. %
In that Memorial, whxhwas dated the i«jth oi January^
he King propofed to his Britannic Majt-fty, that, before
^hiy examined into the Grounds and Circumjiances of that
. J Sec N* I. E ^iarrelj

.■■iV -!*'•*"■* ^

( 26 )

^arrely they Jhould jirfi fend pofttive Orders to the r effec-
tive Governors^ to make them ceafe from all Enterprifes and
Violences % and command them, with Rif^e£l to the Ter-,
ritory on the Side af Ohio, cr, la Belle Riviere, to
put all Things, without Belay, in the fame Condition in
which they were, or ought to have been, before the lafl War.
The King demanded at the fame Tine, that the
Claims refpeSling that Country, fhould be amicably referred
to the Commiffaries ; and, that to remove all Grounds of
Uneajinefs, his Brit ashic Majejly would explain himfelf
fully, as to the Beflination and Motives of that Armament
which was made in Ireland.

Had that Propofal been accepted. Fort du Sluefne,
which General Braddock was commanded to attack, would
have been dcftroyed by thcFrench themfclves, and the Com-
miflaries of the two Nations, would have examined in»an
amicable Manner, the Titles and Pofleillon of each
Crown.

The Anf^cr to that Memorial, was fent to the Duke
de Mirepoix, fcit iidi oi January, 1755. ThatAnfwerf
has two Parts •, and if the firfl; appeared captious, the
fecond, however, contained nothing equivocal, and ought
10 have been fufficient to affure the French of the Defti-
liation of the Armament in Ireland.

ifl. His Britannic Majcfty demands, that the PopMon
of that Territory on the Side of Ohio, be put in the fame
Condition, in which it was at the Time of the Conclufion 0}
the Treaty of Utrecht •, and, agreeable to the Stipulation
of that fame Trea0 he would have the fame done in all
the oiherFo&Rions of North- America; and agrees, when
that is done, to treat about the InJlru£lions of the refpec-
iive Governors, and making them ceafe from all Violences,
and to refer the Pretenjions of both, to be quickly and final-
ly dif cuffed and adjufted, in an amicable Manner, between^
the two Courts.

2d, He declares, That the Defence of his Rights and I
Poffefftons, and the Prots£lion of his Subjects, had been tie
fole Motives of that Armament which had been fent to\
t See N». 2. ' ' North'

mx.

I HW i' "U» -

t-y ^ f « T J Hwi , iii | « niU | i « , ' f | ||| ii |i n ii H P |. ■

( 27 )

iers t« the refpec-
\ll Enterprifes and
.tf'^eSl to the ter-.
LLE Riviere, to
fame Condition in
•fore the laft War.
Tine, that the
f amicably referred
ove all Grounds of
mid explain himfelf
of that Armament

Fort du ^efne,
d to attack, would
:lves, and the Cotn-
ive examined in»an
?ofleffion of each

i fent to the Duke
15. ThatAnfwert
ired captious, the
[uivocal, and ought
rencb ot the Defti-

s, that the Voffeffm
, he put in the Jame
of the Conclufion oj
'e to the Stipulation
he fame done in all
; and agrees, when
£iions of the refpec-
e from all Violences^
be quickly and final-
fie Manner, between^

:e of his Rights and
'ubje£ts, had been the \
:h had been' fent to
North-

North-America ; which was done -without Inten-
tion TO offend any Power whatever, or to do
ANY Thing which could infringe the general
Peace.

It was difficult to conceive, how the Treaty of Utrecht
could be made ufe of, to fettle the Rights of each Nation
on the Ohio 5 or how it was pofllbie to demand, as pre-
vious to all Negociation, that the other Lands in Difpute,
Ihould be reftored to the Condition in which they were ac
the Conclufion of that Treaty, and agreeable to the Sti-
pulations which are therein contained. At the Time of
the Treaty of Utrecht^ the Poileffion was in Favour of
France, fince it was France that ceded it.— And the Ex-
tent of that Ceffion, and the Meaning of the Stipulations
in that Treaty, were the Things, which it was agi-eed
fhould be referred to Commiffaries ; and the King of
England hid promifed, that no Innovations ftiould be
made, till they had come to a Determination.

The Court of France, therefore, urged [and at the
fame Time that it affured his Britannic Majefty of the
Confidence it had in the Sincerity of his Declaration, it'
made it appear, in a Reply, which was fent to the Court
of London, the 6th of February] that the Propofal qiade
by his Majefty, was the only one, which could elFeftu-
ally prevent Trouble and Uneafinefs. It afferted, that,
that Method was agreeable to the Engagements of the
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, to the Mealures taken fincc
that Time, and to the Conditions damanded by England
itfelf, in 1750, and 1751. And indeed, as the Dcfigti
of that Commiflion, to which the Court of London had
agreed to, was to determine the Meaning of the 1 2th and
Igth Articles of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Execution of
t)iofe Articles, could not be looked on as the Bafis of a
Negociation. That would have been to give up, as
an undoubted Principle and Rule of Adlion, the yery
Thing th.at was fubmitted to the Decifion of Commiffaries,

His Majefty therefore propofed, ifi. That both Kings
fhould command their refpefti^ Governors, to abftain
from all Violence, and all Enterprifes. id.

^'a

■iiiS^iim

iMM^^^k.-

m)i •ti 'm Tm t immmfmmam

< w ,yni i i.j iii i i i i iw ^yi w i i ii Ki. i nnm ii m ipiii i jj i i.\ i mmm mmiiKf\*

( 28 )

id. That in all North- yfmrUay Things fliould be re-
ftorcd to the Condition in which they were, or ought to
have been, before the lad War, agreeable to the 9th Ar-
ticle of tl]e Treaty 6( Jix-la-Chapelle.

3</. That, agreeable to the 18th Article of the fame
Treaty, his Britannic Majefty inform the Commiflion
cftabliihed at Paris y of his. Pretenfions, and the Founda-:
tion on which they were built.

Finally. In Anfwer to the Enquiry of the Court of
London^ in the la(^ Memorial, refpe£ting the Defign of
thofe Armaments which his Majefty had made, it was not
^diflfembled that thofe Armaments, which the Court of
London had publidied to all Europe and which it had,
in Fart, carried into Execution, had made thefe Precau-
tions neceflary, on the Side of France.

At length, France fubmitted to the Difficulties raifed
by tlie Court oi London. It even confcnted to take for
a provifional Rule, the Condition in which Things were,
immediately after the Treaty of Utrecht •, and the Duke
de Mirepoix fent the Engli^ Minifters, the Plan of a pre-
liminary Agreement •, the Terms of which, it was believ-
ed, would be afccepted {-. The two Sovereigns therein
agreed, to fend Orders to put a Stop to all Violences on
both Sides : It was moreover ftipulated, that the French
and £»^//^ fhould, by Agreement, evacuate all that
Country fituate between the Ohio and the Apalachiati
Mountains ; and that the French fhould reiire«beyond the
Kiver, and the Englijh on this Side the Mountains : That
all th-c Country, during the Time agreed on, Ihould be
looked on as Neutral •, that neither Nation fhould be at
Liberty to frequent it ; that all Things flioukl be reftor-
cd to the fame Condition, in which they were, or ought
to have been, after the Treaty of Utrecht \ and that the
Forts, which had t)ten built fince that Time, on the
Lands contended for, (hould on both Sides be deftroyed:
Furthermore, their Majefties agreed, that in the Space of
two Year?, they would ca^fe every Matter in Difpute, tq
b? examined and regulated, by Commiflaries nominated
tt>rthat Purpofe. tS6cN'>4. This,

fliould be re-

or ought to

to the 9th Ar-

; of the fame
e Commiflion
id the Founda-.

the Court of
the Defign of
ade, it was not
the Court of
which it had,
: theie Precau-

ifficulties raiffd
ced to take for
h Things were,

and the Duke
le Flan of apre-
1, it was believ-
ercigns therein
all Violences on
that the Fr encb
vAOXdXt all that
the A^alacbiaK
etire "beyond the
fountains: That
1 on, (houkl be
)n fhould be ^at
houkl be reftor*
were, or ought
f ; and that the

Time, on the
les be deftroyed;
It in the Space of
erin Difpute, tq
faries nominated
This.

( 29 )

This, as you fee, was to concur with the Propofal,
contained in the Memorial of the Court of London^ da-
ted the 22d of January, 1755. The Court of France
negotiated with much more Sincerity than the Miniftersof
his Britannic Majefty afted, when they aflured the Duka
de MirepoiXy that the Armaments made in Irelandy and
the Fleet which had failed from thence, were principally
intended to preferve a Subordination and good Order in
the Englijh Colonies.

Thele very Minifters, who feared nothing fo much as
an Accommodation, and who knew that M. Braddock^
and all the Englijh Commanders, were then on their
March, were extremely lurprized to fee France comply,
in fome Meafure, with their rtrft Demands. They there-
upon immediately changedt he Plan, which they themfelves
had propofed •, and on the 7th of Marcb^ fent to the
Duke de Mirepoix^ another Plan of Agreement, which
they would never have devifed, buc becaufe they well
knew it could not poffibly be agreed to*.
' The two Kings therein agreed to fend Orders to put
a Stop to all Violences : But th^e were not to take Place,
until France had fubmitted to the following Conditions.
\ft. To deftroy not only the Forts fitua:e between the
Apalachian Mountains and the Ohio^ but alfo to deftroy
all the Settlements which lie between the Ohio and the
Wabajhy ot the River St. Jerome. 2d. To demolifli
Fort Niagara and Fort Frederick, fituateon Lake-Cbam-
plain i and, with Regard to the Lakes Ontario, Erie,
and Cbamplain, they were to belong neither to * one nor
the other, but (houid be equally frequented by the Sub-
jects of both Crowns, who (hould have an equal Right
to trade there, ^d. To grant definitively to England,
not only that Part of the Peninfula to the North oi Acadia,
which was then in Difpute, but alfo the Space of Twenty
Leagues, from South to North, in all that Country
which reaches from the River Pentagoet, as far as the
Gulph o( St. Lawrence, j^ib. and /tf/?/y, That all the
> Southern

* See No. 5. ;: ; ^

i -'♦

( 30 )

Southern Bank of the River St. Lawrence, ihould belong
to no Body, but (hould remain uninhabited.

On thefe Conditions his Britannic Majefty was willing '
to commit the Decifion of his other Claims to the Com-
miflaries of the two Crowns.

By that Means the Court of London rendered the Pre-
liminary Ncgociation as long, and fubjeft to as many
Difficulties, as the principal One, which was all that it de-
fired. The Court of France, fenfiblc that Prppofals fo
ditFerent from thofe firft made, only tended to prevent
the Conclufion of a prehminary Agreement, infilled on
the Ncceffity of beginning, before all Things, with giv-
' ing Orders to prevent all Hoftilities, and to put a Stop
to all Violences. It was alfo propofed, that the two
Courts ftiould mutually communicate to each other, the
Orders they gave ; but with this Propofal||, fo juft and
equitable, the Britijh Minifters abfolutely refufed to com-
ply, in the Anfwer§ they fent to the Duke de Mrepoix,
the fith of Jpril, 1 755.

There was therefore a Ncceffity to return and combat
that Plan of Agreement, on which the Englifit Miniftry
fo much infilled. , It was eafy to prove, that the preli-
minary Agreement which England demanded, began with
abfolutely deciding, to the Prejudice of France, that
Controverly, which his Britannic Majefty had formerly
promifed to refer to Commiffaries. By that Plan, the
French irretrievably loft all Trade with Canada by the
River St. John, the King was ftripped of the Property
of the three Lakes, which had always been looked on as
Part of New-France, and the River St. Lawrence, which
is the Center of Canada, became the Boundary of that
Colony. All thefe Things were difcuffed it) a Letter of
the 1 3th of yipril, 1 755?* by which the French Mini-
fter informed the Duke 4' Mirepoix of his Majefty's In-
tentions, and his Anfwer to the Plan propofed by Eng-
land, which was an abfolute Refufal to agree thereto.

On the 24th of April, 1 7^5, the Britifi Minifters

lent the Ambaffador oi France, a fort of an Anfwer to

4 See N°. 6. § See N". 7. t See N<». 8. ,\h9^

i-'X' •^^^''■f^"'i-'^-i-f^f*«illfv^'^"

r-^rmrmifi^.

■w i f JU fw

, fliould belong

fty was willing "
IS to the Com-

idercd the Pre-
t to as many
^asallthatitde-
t Prppofals fo
led to prevent
It, infilled on
ngs, with giv-
to put a Stop
that the two
;ach other, the
III, fo juft and
refufed to com-
ce de Mirepoix^

urn and combat
•.nglifll) Miniftry
that the preli-
led, began with
■ France^ that
r had formerly
that Plan, the
Canada by the
>f the Property
en looked on as
Mwrence^ which
undary of that
I ii) a Letter of
I French Mini-
is Majefty*s In-
pofed by Eng-
ree thereto.
\rUifl} Minifters
»f an Anfwer to
that

• ( 3' )

that Letter. They had not yet received Advice of tTie
lad Difpofition of Affairs in America^ nor were they fure
h England, that the Operations, which they took fo
much Care to conceal^ could alt be executed at the fame
Time. It was therefore necefTary flill to prolong the Ne-
gotiation: So we fee, that in that Anfwer* the Court of
Lou/ion complains of the little Attention that the French
Miniftcr had given to their Refleftions i and, they alfo
add, that they are ready to enter upon an Examination of
all the Points in Difpute^ and in the Course of that
Examination, theywill be able to difcover wherein the
principal Differences conftfi.

His Ma jefly, even then, would have very willingly
confented to enter upon the Examination and Difcuffion
of thofe Points, which prevented the Co;)clufion of a pre-
liminary Treaty. Of this, the Duke de Mirepoix alTured
the Miniflers of Great-Britain, on the 6th of May,
I755f : And in the Memorial which the Court of Lon^
don ordered to be fent to him, on the gth of the fama
Month, they affedl to teftify the greatefl Satisfaftion on
that Account. In thefe Terms they exprefs themfelves :§
** The Court of Great-Brttain fees, with the greatefl;
** Satisfaction, by the Anfwer which his Excellency the
•* Duke de Mirepoix has fent to Mr. Robin/on, the 6th
** of this Month, not only that the Court oi France con-
** tinues in its ReG^ution to maintain the Peace, but that
•* its Difpofitions »% the fame as thofe of £»^/a»</ always
•* have l^en, and that it is flill ready to enter, without
** Delay, upon the Examination and amicable DifculTion
** of all the Points in Difpute. The Court of London,
'* in the whole Courfe of this Examination, has proceed-
*' ed with fo much Candour and Sincerity, &c.'*

It is not necefTary to remark the Date of that Memo-
rlol. Every Body may compare It with thofe of General
Braddock*s Letters, which 1 have fpoken of above, and
may, if they pleafe, reconcile that Candour and Sincerity,
with the Hoftilities which were then committed in America.
At the very Time that the Miniflers of Great-Britain,

SecN'.g. t SeeN*. lo, JSeeN". n.

were

\''

Pw^ii^

; i^'^^MiittS^i^fM^....^

-mm* * '. ^'^~'.

i*»««ll»llw»W».«=««»iai^-jji.f||Bfe;

^-U-^

^rwnnnaiyMIMMn

V ♦■'.

( 3» >

;;

r /

i •

wereeivmgfuch repeated and ftrong Affurances to his
Maiefty's Ambaffador, the People ih London begin to
pubhlh, thai a Rupture was refoWcd on, and tttot Admi-
fal Bofcawen, who had juft fet Sail, had Orders to attack
the French Veflcls wherever he fhould Hnd their. No
longer did they aflign the pretended Encroachments of
France as Motives of the VVar, but the Neccffity therii
was to embrace this Opportunity to rum her Conimftce,
and to put it out of her Power to rc-eftabl.m her Manpe.
Thefe Reports wcrefo current and unitorm, that the
Duke de Mirepoix, thought it his Duty to inform his
Court thereof : Which he did, notwithftanding the moft
formal and repeated AfluranceS, which the Minifters of
Great-Britain gave him of theit pacific Intentions. They |
told him again and again, that he ought to give no Crc
dit, either To common Reports, or to the public News-
papers. Nay, thefe Minifters went even farther : The
Dulce de Mirepoix, having about the latter End f fpr'fy \
Ihewed fome Uneafinefs about the Deftination of Admi-
ral Bofcawen*s Fleet, and the Orders that were given him,

• they pofitively afTurcd him, that the Engltjh would cer-
tainly not attack firft.

Confidering the Confidence due to fo many Appearan-
ces of Sincerity, it is no Wonder that g:^»« tl^o^ghtthc
Negotiation ought to be continued. The Enghjh Mmi-\
ftert had never made a Propofal, but at the fame Time,
they gavefufficient Room to belicvcihat it was not their

• laft : Therefore, on the 12th of May, the Dukc^^ A*H
repoix fent them a Memorial, much more regular than the
former II, and in which the Rights and Interefts of both
Nations were examined, with Relation to Articles of a
preliminary Agreement, in which they couU not yet

*° The £»p///Zr Miniftry made him wait an Anfwer, till
the End of M^^, and fome Days in June: On the 7th
tliev fcpt it. Now if any one will reflca:, that on the 8 th
Admiral P^jcawen gave the Signal of an open Rupture
by Sea, h.: muft be convinced, that the Delay ot that An- 1

12.

*!*•'

AfTurances to his
London began to
and tttAt Admi-
Orders to attack
find thcnr». No
Encroachments of
ic Neceflity thcrt
ihcr Commfrce,
ablilh her Mariwe.
uniform, that the
uty to inform his
iftanding the mo^
the Minifters of
Intentions. They]
It to give no Cre«
the public News-
even farther : The I
tterEnd oi Aprity
tination of Admi-
lat were given him,
nglijh would ccr-|

3 many Appearan-
Fr<J»f* thought the
The Englijh Mini-
\t the fame Time,!
hat it was not their |
, the Duke de Mi-
3re regular than the I
id Interefts of both
)n to Articles of a
;hey coukl not yet

vait an Anfwer, till
June-. On the 7th
eft, that on the 8 th I
if an open Rupturel
c Delay of that An-I
fwer,|

( n )

fwer, made a Part of that Plan of Aftion, which the Court
of London had formed.

In that Anfwer, which was deferred with fo much Ad-
drefs, the Britijh Miniftry repeated anew, the Grounds of
all their Claims in America -. In ic they found the Right
which England has to that Dominion it exercifcs over the
Iroquois y on a pretended Sale which the Indians have
jnade to the E^nglijh. In fine, they renew all the Dif-
pntes about Acadia : the Decifion of which had been re-
ferred to the Commiffaries of the two Nations. This was
no longer to treat, about a preliminary Agreement, which
might prevent Hoftilities, and put the two Courts in a
Condition to treat in an amicable Manner. It was to exa-
mine the very Foundation of the Coijtroverfy : But ic
then little concerned England, which had only fought to
gain Time j and now approached the Period, when all
their Enterprizes mlift become notorious.

On the 15th oVjulyy the News came to London, of the
Capture of two French Men of War, ' the Alcide and the
Lys. They had been attacked on the Banks of New
foundland by Admiral Bofcawsn, who had talked of no-
thing but Peace, till the Morticnt he had brought his
iGuns to bear^ and was ready to pour a Broadfidc into
them.

If his Majefty's AmbafTador at London, ^iid Room to
be furprifed at that News, he had much more Reafon
afterwards, at the Infinuation of one of the Englijb Mi-
niftersi who would have him attribute fuch operi Hoftili-
ticsrfo a Mtftake. The Secretary of State, went fo far as
to endeavour to pci-fuade him, that what had happened,
ought by np Means to break off the Negotiation. Doubt-
lefs, it would have been more advantageous for the Britijb
Miniftry, that France had negotiated till they could have
had certain Advice, that the general Plan of Invafion,
the Succefs of which was then looked on certain, was car-
ried into Execution.

From what is faid, it is eafy to judge, whether the
Departure of the Frencl^ Ambaffadci from London, was

S t09

■*^.

( 34 )
too precipitate, as the Court pf Great-Britain aflcrts, iii
the Memorial which I havtf anfwcrcd, only by a Detail ot

What has paired fince his Departure, either in Europe
or America, is too public, and too well known, to need a
Relation here. The Account I have given, both «t the
military Operations, and political Negotiations of Engjatid,
is fufficient to give a iuft Idea of the Caufes of the
Rupture, and of the Views which have influenced both

**S are the Fafts. England cannot deny one of them.
Let Eurcfe now pronounce^

End of the Firft Volume*

Ww^

. j<.>***.v«<te.'<r-t'«r»f»i*H«4*»-~-S»'-^ --»»!»^-

,>^?.J^i^W-i»?S*f(-&

IBiWP^^P W iii n i ,.mwi i II' -ir wywpw^w 'm ' W Iii " ' ' X '»''f»"

nVtfiu affcrts, ifi
nly by a Detail of

either in Europe
known, to need a
ven, both of the
itions of England^
Caufes of the
c influenced both

icny one of thcna*

lume*

§>

COLLECTION

Of PAPERS,

Tending to vindicate the Condiift of the Court <£ France^
in Anfwer to the Obfcrvations fcnt by the Englijb Mi-
fliftry to the fcveral Courts of Europe.

P A R^ the FIRST,
NUMB. I.

An ExtraA of a Mumojum from the Britifli Court, de-
liver* d to the French Ambaffador the 14//& July, 1 749,
in Anfwer to that which was fent from the French

. King, relating to the Settlements projeffed by Enghnd.

HI S Majefty the King of Great -Britain, having
confidered the Memorial which wa$ prefented to
the Duke of Bedford, the 7th of laft Month, con-
cerning Nova-Scotia, by Mr. Durand, one of the Mi-
niftefs of his moft Chriftian Majefty, at the Court pf
England, ordered, That the different Obfervations which
appear ncceflary to be made on the laid Memorial, be re-
prefented iit the following Manner to the faid M . Durand.
The two Points concerning which, the moft Chriftian
King demands an Explanation •, to wit. The Settlemept
of Acadia, or Nova Scotia, and the ProjcA attributed to
Governor Debhs^ are in thcmfelves, fo little liable to any
Objeftion from any Power whatfoever, that it ' will be
eafy to remove the bad Opinion, the Court df France
may have conceived, by the falfe Reports which nnay have
been fuggefted to them on that Account.

The only Thing which might in Juftice give Umbrage
^o the Court of France, would be an Apprehenfion foun-
ded on Reafon, that the King had given Orders to extend
the Settlements in Nova-Scotia, farther than his Majefty
had a Right to do, by the iitii Article of the Treaty of
W^cht.

' - m

.A.-^friUJ^Pi^'-.:,

iMiiiiiftimi,

mil imiiypiii

f'36 )

Bbtfuch an Apprchenfion falls of itfd^, fince the King
of Great-Britain^ in Con^rmity to the Frencb K\r)^\ Uo
fire, agrees to fubmit the Regulation of the Limits of
^ova- Scotia to CommilTioners, accort'ing to its ancient
Bounds, as alfo the Limits and the Right of FoflTc-niun of
the feveral Iflands and Countries in yimerica^ which have
been in Difpute between the two Nations •, no: ain it be
fuppofcd the King would extend Settlements, which muft
of Necefllty, be attended with vaft Expencc, in a Fart of
the Province he has not a clear and undoubted Right to.

As the Limits, therefore, of Neva-Scotia^ are to be
fubmitted to the Examination of CommilTionerSj it b
needlcfs to anfwer here all the AITertions contained in the
Memorial of Mr, Vurand upon that Head. M. Bur and
has alfo lightly touched in his Memorial, on the Plan pro*
jccled by Governor Dobhsy as tending to incroach upon
the Trade which the French have with the Indians to-
wards the North of Canada^ and to extend the Britijh
Settlements in thofe Parts, to the Prejudice of the Rights
of his moft Cbriflian Majefly •, he did not enter into Par-
ticulars thereupon, the Objefts of the faiid Plan not bring
fufficiently known in /•'r^wftf. . ,

But it would be very eafy to give the Court *of France
an intire SatisfaAion on that Article, affuring them that
this Plan, which was debated in Parliament, had abfolutc-
ly no other Intention, than to open an axclufive Com-
merce to the whole Nation, which had been pradlifcd a
long Time by a privileged Company, under a private Pa-
tent i and that only, with an Intent to extend a general
Trade in thofe Parts, and not to enlarge the PcfTefliorts
of the Nation, at the Expente of any other. ' '

But as this Plan was not approved of in Parliament, it
is t4lw laidaflde, and confequently out of the Queftion;
nevdthelefs, had it been put in Execution, it cannot be
conceived, how it could have, given the Court of France
the leafl: Grounds of Complaint, as it had only a Relation
to an Affair that concerned the Subje<5ts of the Kingdptn
alone j thai is to fay ^ Whether a Trade, a long Time

praftifed

IvJv*'

L;V.#,1-,-, ^«

pradlifed
vate Coi
Majefly'
His {
makes r
mands n

ly?. '1

to commit

tr en thii

ihe Poffej^

that migi

Treaty

ments z6

2d, T

two Con-

fhail be a

ring the 1

between 1

Neva-Sec

of that C

Nations t

(accordinj

which are

are to rcr

Before

by his Si

(though

laid Clain

Decifion

I^efire to

reflored

//Letter/
complain
uetthe

IHavd
of5
to reprcf

' m !»<<»» «r m i Bi n

T'-*T

fince tlie King
Hch King's Ue-

the Limits of
g to its ancient
of Foffcfrion of
cat which have
i i no; c«n it be
nts, which muft
»cc, in a Part of
ijbtctl Right to.
coti^y are to be
niflionerSi it is
contained in the
ad. M. Bur and
on the Plan pro-
o incroach upoji

the Indians th-
ttend the Britijh
ice of the Rights
t enter into Far-
id Flan not being

Court ♦of France
uring them that
:nt, had abfolutc-
i exclufive Gom-
been pradifcd a
der a private Fa-
extend a generil
ye the Pcffcfllorts
Cher. •
in Parliament, it
of the Queftion;
:i6n, it cannot Be
Court of France
d only a Relation
of the Kingdom
de, a longTlme
pra£tiied

"( 37 1

praAifcdat /7w//<>«*s-fl<ijr, fhould be continued by a pri-
vate Company, cxclufively, or^Ihould be open to all hit '
Majefty's Subjcftsin general.

His Majefty having thus explained his Sentiments,
makes no Difficulty to declare, in Anfwcr to the De-
mands made by the Court of Fr««ff •,

)ft. That effeiiual Orders have already, been giveny not
to commit any Attempt ^ either on the Side of Nov a-Scoiu,
or en that of Hudlbn'j-Bay, a^ainfi ihelrade^ or againft
lie Poffejfions of his Moft Cbrijiian Majejly's Subjetts ; or
that might, in -any RtTpeft, derogate irom the (definitive
Treaty of /lix-la-ChapelUy or from any former tngagc-
ments actually exifling between 'the two Crowns.

idy That his Majelly conl'cnts to nominate forthwith,
two CommifTioncrs, to confer at Paris^ with thofc who
fhall be appointed by his mort Chriftian Majefty, concer-
ning the rcfpedive Limits, which arc adually in Difpute
between the two Crowns ; not only thofe which concern
Nova-Scotia or Acadia, but alfothe Limits in other Farts
of that Continent, whtrcfoever the Settlements of the two
Nations border one upon another ; as alio, to determine
(according to a Propofal made in a former IVlemorial)
which are the Iflands belonging to each Crown, and which
are to remain neutral. '

Before his Majefty approved of any Settlements raifed
by his Subieds in that Part of Nova-Scotia^ to which
(though undoubtedly belonging to the King) France has
laid Claim, he confented to ilibmit his Pretenfions to the
Decifion of CbmmifTioners, as a convincing Proof of his
Defire to prefervc the Union and Harmony fo happily
reftored between the two Crowns.

' "' ' NUMB. ir.

//Letter from my L, Albemarle, to M. the Marquis de Puyzieiilx,
complaining ef a Detachment fent hy M. de la Jonqulere, to pro-
tt£1the Inhabitants o/'Chiboudi. Paris^ March 25, 1750.

I Have this Moment^rcceived a Letter from fhe Duke
ofBedfordy wherein I have Orders fromljis Majefly,
I to r^prcf^nt to your Excellency, the Caufcsof Compbint,-

which

,'-i

i w r w"

<tm'

••m^

!'-•>

( 33 )
which the Governors of his modCbriflianM&jefiy in /Imi-
rica have occafioncd, by incroaching upon the Territo-
ries of his Majefty in Nova-Scotia. It is with the grcar-
fft Rcludance, that his Majefly finds himfclf under 4
Mcceflity of making Heprelentations againd any of the
Subje<^s of his mort Cbriftian Majefty \ and more fo,
liaving entertained fomc J lopes, that after thofe which I
Ji;)d nude, by his MajcUy'ii Orders in September Va^^ ami
the Anfwer of your f'.xccllcncy, concerning the Settle-
ment which M. de la Galijjonniere had undertaken at the
River St- j'ohn^ pofitive Orders had been fcnt to the
French Governors, not only to terrninatc every Caulc of
]3ifpute, but alfo to avoid for the future, with the greateil
Care, all Proceedings which might give rife to new De-
bates. Nevcrtlielcfs, his Majclly lias now received Let-
ters from Governor Coruwa/Z/j, oi Nova-Scotia^ wherein
he complains, that M. deJa Jonquiere fcnt Troops to
Chiboudit which. is one of thuke Diftridls that had fent
Deputies to the faid Governor, at his Arrival in that Pro-
vince, in order to fubmit themfelves to him, and to re-
ceiye the Orders of his Majefly. There can be no flronger
Proof, that thofe Inhabitants looked upon themfelves as
Subjeds of Great-Britain^ fincc the Province of Nova'
Scotia was annexed to that Crown.

It is needicfs to repeat here the Reafons which au-
thorize his Majefty to demand that Juftice which is due
to him on the Account of the new Proceedings ot M. dt
la Jonquiere \ his moft Chrifiian Majefty cannot be igno-
rant of them. After the exprefs Orders his Majefty fent
to all his Governors^ to bear continually in Aiind to adjuji
a'! thbfe Dijputes in an amicable Manner, and confequentlj
fo avoidf with Care, all Manner of Hoftilities*, unlcls

ajuft

* T/j.'t it <what Covernor Cornwalli! has not done,Jitce it is certain,
that the Fort at Mines, <iW that at Bcaubaffin, 'were built before thi
t'terxh rai/eJ^tho/e 0/ riea[i(e]oar a?iii Gafpareaax, anJ that the latlir
nA;ere built only after the violent Meafuret taken by Governor Comwallis,
again/I the hibahitdnts of toe Idhmai, which haJ obliged them to retiri
to the inner Part of the Lands. This is a'Fa£t which the Englifli cannel
deny, as the JEra of the Buildi'ig oftboje Farts, is iveilintxvn to l/iti
HalitHs. ■.*

■4^':-x.<ih'^_^.^^'~-~^'~'-^''',y^f-.

■fpiMWVn

*m A im

rmm^.

in Majcfty in Ami-
upon the Tcrrito-

is with the great- 1
I himfelf under a
5ainft any ot the

i and more fo,
iher thofc whkh I
September laft, and
:rning the Settle-

undertaken at the

lieen lent to the
ato every Caulc of
c, with the grcateft
ve rife to new De-
now received Lct-
va-Scotiat wherein
e fent Troops to
i(5ls that had fent
Arrival in that Pro-
:o him, and to rc-
c can be no ftronger
ipon rhemfelvts as
'rovincc of Nova'

Leafons which au-
jftice which is due
oceedings ot M. dt
;fty cannot be igno-
rs his Maje/iyfent
ly in Mind to adjujf
wr, and confequentl)
Hoftilities*f unlcls
ajufl:!

done,fi»ce it h certain, I
n, were built before tht\
lUX, and that the latttr

by Governor Cornwallis,
•ad obliged them Jo rttiri
which the Engliflj cannot
, it ivelikntvin to k'tl'

hi 39 )
I juft Defence of the Honour, and of the Rights of thtf
Crown, fl»ould indifpenfably require thvm. Without
mentioning his Majefty's inconteftablc Right, there is a
Rfalon of mutual Obligation, to determine his moft
Cbrijtian Majefty to give the hice Orders to M. de la
Jotijuiere^ that it belongs to him to reftore all Things in
their former State, until the Commiflioners, whoare-im-
powered to decide on the Limits in yimerica, have fettled
the Decifion thereof, and have dirc^cd the Rights of the
two Crowns, and that he defift from every Attempt
which might give the leaft Interruption to the Union fo
happily reftored between both Nations. The King of
Great-Britain is perfwaded that his moft Chriftian Ma-
jcfty will be fo much the more inclined to make Ufe of
liich friendly and wholefome Meafures, as fmall Contefta
of this Kind, draw after them much greater; unlcft
timely prevented. / «»»» ^c-

Signed, Albemarle.'

I An Answer from the Marquis de Puyzieulx, to tb* •
foregoing Letter.

- " * FerfailleSy March ^it 1750:

I Sir, *

I Received the Letter your Excellency was plcafed to
honour me with, dated the 25th of this Inftant, con-
Itainingthe Complaints your Court makes againft the
Marquis de la Jonquiere^ Governor of New France^ for
fending a Detachment ot Troops to Chiboudiy as the
Count de la Galijfonniere^ his Predeceffbr, had done
heretofore to the River St. John.

The Britiftt Court has no Doubt feen the Reafons,'
which have authorized the Conduct of thefc two Gover-
nors in a Memorial delivered to them in 7«»*laft, wherein
it was demonftrated, that the River St. John and Cbiboudi
I are on the Continent of Canada.

1 As to the Submiflions which fome of the Inhabitant*
of Chiboudi are faid to have made to the Englifh Gover-
Bor of Nova-Scotia, before the Arrival of the Detach-.

•tr

I i

i'lfff - iiiliiMiMiiiii'ii

^-..c-^

" m w f fm ^ Hf un

! j

m^'

i-/^

\ !

• C 40 ) * •

ment from Canada^ the faid Inhabitants being intimidated
by that Governor, thofe Submiflions would not acquire
any Right to Great- Britair.. nor prevent their being let-
tied on French Ground ; they would only prove§ that if
there was any Commotion upon that Frontier, it was oc-
cafioncd by fome Innovations brought about by the Rug-
lijh Governor ; and certain it is, that the Precautions
which the French Governors thought it their Duty to take,
were with no other View than to remove from the faid
Inhabitants the Fear of thole Innovations.

But there are to be no more Debates on that Head, a-
mongft the refpedive Governors, by Virtue of the Or-
ders they have received to make no Altera.tions until the
Limits are lettled, which is to be done by CommilTion-
ers : Orders, whicn A/, delajonquiere touid not have
received when he lent the Detachment to Chiboudiy fincc
they co«id hot be fcnt over to him before the latter Part
of the Winter, as 'tis well known in England.

Laftly, This ought jjo make us the more fenfible of
•the Necefllty there is to endeavour to forward the Bufincfs
of the CommiflTioners who are to regulate the Limits of
the two Crowns, in America ; and the King orders mc
to renew his Inftances on that Head, with his Majefty
the King of Great-Britain : His Majefly infifts thereon
with fo much the more Earneftncfs, as this Work tends
to keep up that gopd Harmony, fo happily reftored be-
tween the two Crowns, and the Subj efts thereof; and
his Majefty has nothing more at Heart, than to procure
the Support and Prefervation thereof.

I am, ^c. '

Signed, PuYZiEULX.

"' I I^UMB;

^ TheCt: Sulm'ijfiens forced from fame Inhahitants , were, in Effe^, a
Sequel cf the Threats of the Englifh (iovernor, and frame a recent 4''
tempt. Ho<w cameit to paf, ftnce the Treaty o/Utrecht, that England
has had tio Thought of making that Country ad^pomitedge the Autboritj
•f its Go'sernment ? IVe are yet in Doukt, as to the SubmiJJioH of the In-
habitants ; hut certain it is, the major Part of them imfltrtd tbt Pf*'.
teuton of the Marquis dc la Jonquicre. againji Fielenct.

tm \'9n i t m f ill f y,i.fjm w wt i i w .'y i

ants being intimidated
ns would not acquire
revent their being let-
ild only prove§ that if
t Frontier, it was oc-
;ht about by the Eng-
that the Precautions
t it their Duty to take,
;move from the faid
ations.

ates on that Head, a-
jy Virtue of the Or-

Altera.tions until the
one by Commifilon-
liere touid not have
cnt to ChihuJiy fmcc
before the latter Part
m England.
the more fenfible of
o forward the Bufincfs
gulate the Limits of

the King orders mc
i, with his Majefty
lajefty infifts thereon
, as this Work tends

happily reftored be-
bjefts thereof ; and
sart, than to procura
)f:

'gnedj PuYZiEULX.

tiitants, ivtre, in EffeS, »
r, and prove a recent 4''

1 o/'Utrecht, that England
ac/uicwkdge the Authoritf
r to the SubmiJJion of the In-
t of them imfUrid the Ptt'
njt Fioleaci,

\_ . i|il^il!l|IIL,«P

w i mi iii ww ^' ^tw

'^■

II J- liinn

Ifetisv..,-

( 41 ) * •

NUMB. III.
/t Memo^al delivered iy Order of his moft Chriftian
Majefty^ to my Lord Albemarle, the c,th of January,
1 75 1, andfent the fame Day to M. the Duke of Mire-
poix, in England ; containing the Complaints which
France makes concerniug the Hcftilities committed and
allowed of by the Englilh.

TH E publick News-Papers have made known,
iomt Months fmcc, feveral Attempts which the
Englifh have made againft fome French Vcflcls in the Bay
of 6V, Lawrence^ and upon theCoaft of New-Prance : But
this News feemed fo contrary to the Right of Nations, and
the friendly Difpofitions of which the Britifh Court has
given fo many Marks fince the Reftoration of Peace, that
no Credit could be given to them : But now, to our greateft
Surprize, wc hear, by Letters from Canada and Caper
Breton, that Englijh Veflels ad in thofe Seas, as in the Time
of an open War. During the whole Summer laft, thofe
VefTels were Ipread about, even to the utmoft Part of
the Bay of St. Lawrence, flopping and infulting all the
French Sloops they came a-crofs. They attempted to
take away a Brigantine which was at Anchor in the River
St, John, to which Place fhe had been fent by the In-
tendant of Canada, to carry Provifions to the Detach-
ments of the King's Troops which are in thofe Parts ;
and, finding it could not be done, an Englijh Captain
took fome Sailors out of the Brig, who have fince been
fent by Governor Cornwallis, to Cape-Breton. But,
without entering into Particulars concerning all the Vio-
lences and Irregularities of which the Englifh have been
guikyi we fhall only mention here two Fadts.

The firfl is. The taking of a French Sloop called the
London, Capt. Jalain, by two Snows of War. This
Sloop was fent by the Intendant of Canada to Chedaick,
inthcBuyof St. Lawrence, thereto carry Provifions to
the King's Troops, as alfo the annual Prefents, which it
was cuftomary for his Majefty to make to certain Tndians
belonging to a French ^lif^lon ; the faid Prefents confift-

G cd

■^- ♦tJ > 'w B ! aig^'«- «»■»«

^ y i A iWWIJ^jijWPWWWWl M i m m 'V '\f

( 4* )
cd in Ammunition, different Sorts of Goods, and ProvJ-
fions. This faid Sloop returning from Cbedaicky where
Ihe had landed her Cargo, v._ taken, towards the End
of the Month cH Auguft^ between the Coaft of Canada
and the Ifland 5/. John. Sh.: was afterwards fent to Qi-
iouffou, where fhe was condemned.

The fecond is. The taking a French Brigantine, by a
Frigate belonging to the King of Great -Britaitty the
Circumftances whereof, will, undoubtedly, appear to
his Britannic Majefly, more a^ravating than the firft.
The Marquis de la Jonquiere ; being informed of the Con-
duft of the Englifl) VelTels, had often fent Complaints
thereof to Governor Cornwallis, though to no Purpofe j
and having Occafion to fend the neceffary Succours to
the Detachments of the Troops which are towards the
River St. John^ thought it neceffary, in September lafl,
to fit out a Brigantine ac ^ebec, called the St. Francis^
in order to convoy a Schooner laden with the Succours
«♦ afore-mentioned. He gave to Mr. Vergor^ Captain of
the Troops, the Command of the Brig aforefaid, carry-
ing Ten fmall Guns, and Sixty Men, including Thirty
Soldiers. Captain l^ergor was pofitivcly forbidden in the
Inftruftions which were given him, to undertake any
Thing againfl any of the Engli^ Veffels he fhould chance
to m?et i and in Cafe he found any one that would op-
pofe him in his PafTage, his Orders were not to fire until
the EngUP had begun, and to let them know firft , that he
was Commander of a Vejfel belonging to the King of
•France, fitted out to carry Proviftons to his Troops.

On the 1 6th of OSfobery the Brigantine and Schooner
being Two Leagues to the Weflward of the IfiesofSealy
Capt. Fergor difcovered at Eleven in the ForeniSbn, an
Englijh Frigate making towards him, and crowding Sails,
* being right before the Wind, prefently came up to him.
In about Half an Hour after, the Frigate fired a Ball a-
'ftem of the Brigantine, and hoifted her Flag. Where-
upon Capt. Vergor ordered his Streamer and Flag to tic
hoifted, and fired one Gun, without (Jacking Sail. The

* Frigate,

Wj,

_tehn'^' -^ J-- - ■«■■■ .^~^~

'Goods, and Provf-
m Chedaicky where
t, towards the End
te Coaft of Canada
cerwards fent to Chi'

:A Brigantine, by t
Great 'Britaitty the
>ubtedly, appear to
iting than the firft.
informed of the Con-
en fent Complaints
Ligh to no Purpofe \
xefTary Succours to
;h are towards the
, in September laft,
led the St. FraneiSy
with the Succours
Vergor^ Captain of
rig aforefaid, carry-
, including Thirty
trely forbidden in the
I, to undertake any
fels he (hould chance
one that would op-
were not to fire until
w knowfirfty that be
\ng to the Kifig of
to Us Troops.
mtine and Schooner
I of the IJles of Seal,
1 the Forenibn, an
, and crowding Sails,
y came up to him.
igate fired a Ball a<
her Flag. Where
mer and Flag to be
c Hacking Sail. The
Frigate,

' Hn i i w aDi i i| r|>;BWBi'W' »W»"»"" i

iii HHlni i Hu i m H) ;

""*'*^.

( 43 )
Frigate, ftill continuing her Purfuit, came in Half an
Hour's Time, within Reach of a Six Pounder, then fir-
ed a fecond Gun, and hoifted her Streamer. Soon after
a Third Gun was fired, the Bullet whereof went through
his Fore-top- fail. Then he prepared for an Engage-
ment, in Cafe of a frefh Infult : However, the Englijh
Frigate coming clofe up, again, fired a fourth Gun, wirh
a Ball, into Capt. ^(fri'flr's Sails. According to the Or-
ders the Marquis de la Jonquiere had given him, he hail-
ed the VeflTd in Frencby telling them he was Commander
oi A Vejfel belonging to the King / France, and that he was
carrying Provifions and Ammunition to the Troops of his
Majefty. Whereupon the Englilh Commander made no
further Anfwer, than to tell him to bring to, or he would
fink hinj. To which the French Captain ordered the
fame Words to be repeated in Enghjhy which had before
been fpoken in French. But all the Anfwer he could get,
was a whole Broadfide, and a Volley of Mulkct-Shot.
The Fight lafted near five Hours j but the French Brigan-
tine was at laft fo torn and ihattered in its Sails and Rig-
ging, that Capt. Vergor was obliged to ftrike, after having
had feveral Men killed and wounded. His Long- Boat be -
jng alfo -n a fhattered Condition, the Englijh Captain fent
his own V take him on board, where Capt. Vergor ^\{c<t~
vercd . . /as the Albany Frigate, carrying Fourteen
Guns, ' wuty -eight Swivels, and One Hundred and
Twenty Men, commanded by Capt. Rous. This Cap-
tain alfo took the Crew on board, as alfo the Soldiers be-
longing to the Brigantine •, and left none but the Wound-
ed, then failed immediately for ChibouEtoUy leading the
Brig aforefaid in tow. They arrived at ChibouSlou the
\cit\i6i05lober. The next Day Goveroor Cornwallis
fent for Capt. Vergor^ wl|« was immediately conduced
from on board the Frigate to his Houfe, in one of whofe
Chambers he was confined. Governor Cornwallis cai^ie
to him Half an Hour after, !|nd having given his People
Orders to lock him in with the faid Vergor y told him he
Wits forry for what had happened, that Capt. Rous had
\ ' ' loft

4.%

<s,&

"'"'''''^Mk^

- ii > *i wtfftmmffnm'^^'^fm

l|ip i» nm jiW tW l l, l tll! ll ]| lll|f g i |H il |l| l > pii ,l > WM|i. i m||l.. l' !tV I W ' ". >i J> l' -" i | ' W y ,» ■■■ I...- ■'_ t |"

loft a great many Men. Heanfwered, that he was very
forry tor it himfeif, that it was altogether owing to Capt.
Rous, whofe Conduft he immediately related. Gover-
nor Cornwallis anfwcred, that if Things ^^ere as he faid,
Capt. Rous was in the Wrong ; and furthermore, would
call his Council the next Day to decide thereon, which
he accordingly did. Capt. Rous, his Mate, and fome of
the Company belonging to the firigantine, were called to
it ; Capt. Vergor was alio called, who declared the Fafts
in the fame Manner as related heretofore : Capt. Rom
could not but own, he had firft fired a Gun with a Ball in
the Fore-inafl ot the Brigantine. Whereupon the Gover-
nor arofe, and having ordered all the Officers belonging
to the Brigantine, who were in a Room adjacent, to come
into the Council Chamber ; they were alked who had fired
the firft Gun, and they all replied, that Capt, Rous had
fired two Vollies. Immediately the Declaration of Capt.
Vergor was red before them, and they all affirmed it true
in every Circumftance. Neverthelefs, nothing was deter-
mined, either at that Sitting, nor at five or fix others which
were fincc alTembled. But two or three Days after the
firft Sitting, Governor Cornwallis aflced Capt. Vergor,
what he would require to repair the Brig, fit for Sea Ser-
vice, offering to provide him with all that was neceflfary
for that Purpofe } He anfwered, he could not do without
a Main-maft, and four Pieces of Cordage. The Governor
promifed he Ihould have them, and accordingly ordered
one to be cut down, which the Crew belonging to the Bri-
gantine drew out of the Woods, and told Capt. Vergor^
to fee that his Sails, his Rigging, and every Thing elfe he
had Occafion for were mended. Whilft this Captain was
about repairing his VefTcl, Capt. i?(7ftj applied to |he Ad
fc miralty, where the Brigantine was condernned. In a Let
ter which Governor Cornwallis wrote to M. D^erlfiers,
a Commander at Cape-^retony as he was fending him
back, Mr. Vergor, and the Men belonging to the Brig,
as alfo their Arms, he faith, that the Adn^iraliy prp
nounced it a lawful Prize, for having carried on an illicit

. . . ■.■ ■ ■ Trad;

'i; iT iJiiiiiiTiiii iiwrtrn

, that he was very
her owing to Capt,
^ related. Gover-
ns were as he faid,
Furthermore, would
de thereon, which
Mate, and fome of
tine, were called to
> declared the Fafts
tofore : Capt. Rous
Gun with a Ball in
ercupon the Gover-
: Ofiacers belonging
n adjacent, to come
aflced who had fired
hat Capt, B.OUS had
Declaration of Capt.
y all affirmed it true
, nothing was deter
re or fix others whicl\
hree Days after the
liked Capt. Vergor,
Brig, fit for Sea Ser-
ill that was neceffary
:ould not dp without
iage. The Governor
accordingly ordered
belonging to theBrl
1 told Capt. Vergor,
\ every Thing elfe he
hilft this Captain was
?ttj applied to|jie Ad
ondemned. In a Let-
:e to M. D^erlfiers,
he was fending him
:longing to the Brig,
the i^dn^iralty prp-
5 carrkd on an illicit
^ Trad{

( 45 )
Trade within the Province of his Britannk MajcftyJ
Thefe are the Terms he makes ufe.of.

There is no NeceflUy of any Pro or Con in an Affair
of this Kind. Here is a Veffel fitted out for the Service
of his Majefty, commanded by one of his Majefty's Offi.-
ccrs, attacked as in a Time of War. So good an Opinion
we have of the Integrity of his Majefty the King of Creaf
Britain's Intentions, that we cannot attribute an Attempt
fo contrary to all Manner of Laws, to any Order from
his (aid Majefty j but, on the contrary, that as foon as
he is acquainted with the Truth of thefe Fa£ts, we «iay
rely entirely on his Equity, concerning that Juftice and
Satisfadlion thefe Captures call for ; as alfo, Orders to be
given to prevent hereafter the like Abiife.

?', I

Jn ExtraSi of a Letter from Capt. Rous, Commander of
his Majefty's Frigate the Albany. Dated, Chiboudoil,
in Ngva-Scotia, the 31/tf/O^ober, 1750. * ., :

THE Day after having left the River St. yobn/sil
palTed Cape-Sable^ about Noon, I dilcovercd a
Brigantine and a Schooner, turning the Cape, about two
Miles from the Coaft, fteering North- Weft ; and as I
had before been informed of a Brigantine which was a Pi-
rate orj that Coaft ; [) I immediately gave her Chace in
order to fpeak to her. As foon as (he found out who we
were, fhe made a. Signal to the Schooner which was with
her, who thereupon altered her Courfe, Weft-fouth-wefti
coming pretty near Gun-fhot of the Brig, which was fteering
W. N . W. I firf d one Gun at the Fore- Part of the faid Brig,
to bring her to, while the Schooner was making off with
all Speed. The Brigantine put up French Colours, and
ifired alfo one Gun •, the Schooner did the fame, but put
VP no Colours. When I was come within Gun-fhot, I

fired

• Tfjat Extras •wat given tfi his MajeByU Minifter hy the Englifli

Jmhaffadar, in order to excvfe the ConduB of thu Englifl), Capt. Rons

fyffrtffts feveral rffential Circutnftances therein, and altert the Fafft ;

ptverthelefs he it th/iged, tt own that he luas the ^ggrtjfor.

I By this betdE^-:Mif*, the Epgliih alvmys chak (heir 'ntfiiJilitt ^t Stg.

"-J..-

*'il

^■■mm

MNMiiiiili

wiikmmmimt'i

^mtm

ti.aiiii«i«i«mi«mwfq«nw •■.,

Ek^

( 46 )

Hred another right a- head of her, which fhe returned,
and furled her Main-fail to make Room for her Small-
Arms to play, and prepared to engage us. We hailed
them when wo wevrnear enough to them, but they re-
turned no Anfwer, I ordered a Six Pounder to be fired
upon them, and continued hailing. Soon after coming up
clofeto her, (he prefented her Head right upon our Star-
board, made one half Turn to the Southward, in order
to prefent us her l^arboard, and gave us her whole Broad-
fide,be fides Small- Arms, while we continued hailing with-
out Anfwer. I returned immediately a Broadfide, and the
Fight lafted two Hours and a Half •, after which fomc of
them hailed us in Englijh^ that they would not fire any
longer. I ordered them to ftrike, and fent my Lieutenant
on board, who brought me the Captain of the Brigantine,
and his Papers, whereby I prefently difcovered it to be
the 5/. ir<}»m Brigantine, of about One Hundred and
Twenty Tons, mounting Ten Guns, and four Swivels,
having fixty Men on board, including thirty Soldiers •,
that fhe had been laden at ^ebec with Arms, Ammu-
nition, Cloathing, and Provifipns for thclndians, and had
been fitted out to convoy the Schooner aforefaid, which
had made her Efcape during the Engagement, and was
alfo laden with the like F.ffeds.

I have brought the Brigantine to this Port, where (he
has been condemned by a Court of Admiralty, for carry-
ing on a prohibited Trade : Here is annexed a Copy of
the Sentence pronounced by the faid Court ; your Excel-
lencies will be pleafed to perufe it.

We had two Men killed and one wounded, during the
Fight. On board the Brigantine were fix killed, and feven
wounded. The Commander of the Brigantine, faith fhe
is a King's Ship : Though he has no Cqmmiffion fropi
the Crown, only an Order from the Governor of Canada,
to command the faid VefTel, and to convoy the Schooner
to the River St. John i where, after having unladen the
Ammunition, and the Prefents deflined for the Indians,
(he was to return to ^ekc, thcr« (0 bf difarmcd.

- ' • ^ * — 1 muft

r'rV .'- TM-t-Ttjr; -

ffft^^tm.yi

/•

'ir

iVn««*|lfte«Me»nMP*«1«|ipM

m IfiU ^UIMMPVMMI

ichflie returned,
n for her Small-
: us. We hailed
icm, but they rc-
junder to be fired
n after coming up
jht upon ourStar-
uthward, in order

her whole Broad-
inued hailing with-
Broadfide, and the
fter which (omc of
vould not fire any
bnt my Lieutenant
1 of the Brigantinc,
ifcovered it to be
)nc Hundred and

and four Swivels,
r thirty Soldiers j
th Arms, Ammu-
[ic Indians J and had
cr aforefaid, which
gagement, and was

kis Port, where (he
imiralty, for carry-
annexed a Copy of
:ourt i your Execl-

ounded, during the
fix killed, and fevcn
Jrigantine, fsuth fhe
o Cqmmiflion fropi
jovernorof Canadat
Dnvoy the Stjhooner
having unladen the
ned for the Indians^

b9 difarmcd.

I muft

r 47 )

t:i*ff«*3lf«'»*; »»(•'»■ -'* ,

**•■**

I muft inform your Honors, that when I came her6
lall, I faw his Majcfty's Frigate the Tryal returning from
a Cruize in Bay-Vert, where, upon the 8th of Auguft hPi,
fhe had taken a French Sloop called the London, from
Canada, La Gras, Mafter ; and having examined his
Papers, found that the Bufinefs of this Vcird was to carry
Ammunition, Provifions, and other Goods to the In"
diansy who are in a Province belonging to his Majefty ;
whereupon the Tryal took her, and brought her to this
Port, where fhe was condemned by his Majefly's Court
of Admiralty, for having carried on an illicit Trade.

NUMB. IV.

An Extraft of a Letter written by M. de la Jonquiere,'
Governor of Canada, to Governor Cornwallis, of Nova-
Scotia ; dated Quebec, April 2, 1 750.

TH E King my Mafler is already acquainted with
the Orders which I have given to the feveral Of-
ficers that were lent by me to command the Forts afore-
faid •, to wit, to allow nobody to fettle near them, and
even to oppofe fuch by Force of Arms, a; would offer to
moled them, after my Orders were made known to them :
However, I fliall give them no Orders to raife any Forti-
fications, until the CommiiTioners, who are undoubtedly
nominated, have regulated the true Boundaries of Nova-
Scotia, and which are to belong to New-France. Thofe
Limits have never been regulated, fmce you acknowledge
that Commiffioners are nominated for that Purpofe ; and
that is the very Reafon which engages me to fend Troops
to keep the faid Stations, until Matters arc adjufled be~.
tween the two Crowns.

I hope you will fcrioufly obferve this Letter which I
fend you. You have, no Doubt, acquainted the King your
Mafter, ofall tt^t is done ; and as you have given me
to underfland, that you will do your Duty whilft you arc
waiting for his Majefly's Orders \ I alfo give you Notice*
thac I ihall not fail to do mine. .,, ,, ,.

A Rc-

:.iiHltmiii»tiM

<itimit

illiifll'ilitfU- Tgjlii^ililil

^■> l »P -\ » tlM » V WHW . .

'•«^^fV>f!**IViiVPf9H1Bi

'i:

( 48 )

'" A Report prevails here, that Mr Coram has arrcftcd
M. Girardy the Abbot, wh) is the Curate of Copeguit \ I
know not the Reafons for fuch a Proceeding ; but as he
is a Subjeft of the King my Mafter, I defire you would
fend him home forthwith.

A Memorial, containing the Ccmplaints of England,
and delivered to M. the Marquis de Puyzieulx, the ytb
#/ July, 1750, hy my Lord Albemarle.

BE it known, that thfi Subfcriber hereof, an Ambaflador
Extraordinary, and Minifter Plenipotentiary, of hij
Majcfty the King of Great -Britain^ has received Orders
from the King his Mafter, dated at Hanover^ the 26ih of
lait Month, to reprefcnt to the Court of France^ the ex-
treme Sonpriac his Majefty is in, to learn the rafli Pro-
ceedings of the French in America, under the Direction
and Authority of M. de la Jonquiere, who has made no
Scruple to avow them.

Governor CornwalliSy of Nova-Scotiay acquaints the
Duke oi Bedford, in a Letter of the firft of May^ this pre-
fcntYear, that the French have taken Poffeflion of all that
Part of Nova-Scotia^ on the other Side of the Bay of
Fundi,* from the River Ci'/^«^^<?, to the River St. Jobn^
fixing the firft for the Limits of that Province,

'I hey have reduced Beaubafftn to Afhes, and tranfpor-
ted all the Inhabitants and their EfFe^s beyond the River §,
have forced them to take up Arms, and have formed them
into Companies ; fo that Mr. Laccrne, (a French Officer)
has there a Body of Two Thoufand Five Hundred Men,
ccmpofcd of Regulars, Canadians and Indians.

'■- Mr.

• How eoulJ tley take Poji/pen thereof, feting ttt Englifli »w)» them-

filvet, that the French tjuere Ptfeffors of it ever fince the Treaty of

Utrecht. But M. de la Jopqaiere, fent a Detachment to prevent , the

Eng\\(h from executing a ProJeiJ which they ihitnfelvet had formai tt

take PoJJfjffion thereof.

5 By Beaubaffin, is here iinderftooJ, a French Settlement at Chignec
to, itihuh the French tuere obliged to quit. Setting Fire to one's ovt*
Habitation, upon being frightened by the Nevit of an Invafion cannot it
talltd committing an Ihfliiitj.

<MmM0.

mmn''m^mmmm

Coram has arretted
ate of Copeguit \ I
ceeding ; but as he
" dcfirt; you Would

hints of England,
Piiyzieulx, the pb
He.

eof,an Ambafl*ddor
nipotentiary, of his
has received Orders
anover^ the 26 th of

of France^ the ex-
earn the rafli Pro-
inder the Diredlion

Yfho has made no

cotiot acquaints the
ftofAf^jy, this pre-
PoflTcflion of all that
Side of the Bay of
the River St. John,
Province,

\(hes, and tranfpor*
beyond the River §,
id have formed them
f, (a French Officer)
Five Hundred Men,
1 Indians.

Mr.

•ng the Englifli anion thtm-

ever finct tbt Treaty tf

ttacbmeut to prevent ,tbt

ihemfilvet had farm: J tt

:h Settlement at Chignec-
Setting Fire to tne^s *<iv«
t of an IttvaJioH canntt h

■"mmmmo

C 49 )

Mv.Je Uforne, and Father Loutre, (a fVmift Mifio^
nary) have often threatened the Inhabrtants of that Pro-
vince, andasoftrnpromifcdtheiri prefents, in order to
ptrluadc them to leave the Country f.

The Inhabitants do not fcruplc to declare, that thofe
Proceedings are contrary to their Inclinations; but that
Mefli-s. Lacorne and Loutre^ threaten to fct the Indians
on to murder them, if they tarry in the Province.

They proteft and fupport, in open View, all %\\ok In-
dians who are willing to fide with them, although our
moft inveterate Enemies. They detain the Subjedls of
the King of Great-Britain^^ make his Officers and Sol-
diers Prifoners. They ftir up th; French Subjedls of his
Majefty to ReWlioft, and threaten to cut off all thofe
who remain true. They fend the Indians, who are
their Slaves, all over the Province, who commit all
Manner of Cruelties.

Yhey have fetFire to fome Towns, which thev them-
felves acknowlcge were belonging to his Majefly* .

Gorcrnor Cornwa/lis Tent Major Lawrence, with a
Detachment to CbigneSto, who arrived there the 20th of
laftif/ri/j they faw the Town of ChigneEto burnt to
Aflies, the French Colours planted on the Bank, and Mr.
lawrw at the Head of his Detachment, daring Major
tattrence, zvi^ declarinjg he would defend that Country,
to the very laft, as a Place bclbnging to France.

Mr. Lacorne having dcfired a Conference with Majorjl
Lawrence^ the latter weht to him, accompanied by two

W Captains

t How ihall we reconcile the leavine oft Country which is boflef-
fed by the FrMc*, with an Invafion laid to their Charge.

S The Ambaflador oioght to have named Tome of them. But that
WMOMofhiePtwer. "

• P"**'^ »«» Town in the Ifthmu, , all that were burnt, were

^l^JSSSH'i^^'t ^T ^'^} V Chig^-^o, to which the InAans
? 1 aw«n«n»e*, whea tkey and the Frrf»f* were oUiced to flv at
the Atuck of Governor C«nn4;«//i/. ** ^

•^T!.*]""- ^^* ***" *»* BtAntf9 be at that Place, which wal
p.flfefledbythefr#«*ttI«ifttUIth«? ' **"'" ^"^

'^jn.*uoKftak^

-rmmtm'

•pwp*

mmmn^mm

( 50 )

Captaihs, and having aflced faid Lsetrne by what Ordert
he thus invaded the Tcriitoricsof his Majcfty the King of
Creah Britain^ and there committed fuch Outrages ; he
anfwcred, that what he did was by Virtue of the Orders
of M. d^t la Jonquiere^ who had commanded him to
take Polleflion of Cjfc/'^fftf^/i, theRiver 5/. 7«/&«, Marm-
Coekf Pitcodiack^ and all that Part .of the Country, ai
belonging to his mod Cbri/Hari M jefly ^ and would at
leall keep and defend itf, until the Limits were fettled
by the Commifponers appointed for that Furpofe.

Although the Detachment of Regular Troops, com-
manded by Major La-jarenee^ was little inferior to that
which M. de la Cerne headed, ye? th| • Orders of hb
Majefty, detained him from committing any A£l of Ho-
ftility.

His Majefty car not imagine that the Court of Franct
has any Knowledge of fuch Outrages, nay, he is fo con*
vinced of the Equity of his moft Chfiftian Majefty, and
of his Defire to maintain a good Underftanding between
thie two Crowns, that he will make no Scruple to difap*
prove of them.

Governor Cornwallis never had the leaft Intention to
form any Settlements beyond the Limits of the Peninjula^
or in fuch Parts oi the Country, as France did not look
upon to belong to him % . nor was it ever the DcHgn of
his Majefty in fettling his Province of Nova-Scotit^ to
encroach upon the Rights of his moft Chrifti an Mjcfly,

:. ^

t Keeping and defending, cannot be called an invading { tkat
true.

* How came it to paf* that thofe very Orders did not keep hin
from advancing (o far with hi* Troops ? He acknowledeea that (lit
Detachment ot M. Ji ia Cmrni, wai faperior to hit ; that Detachment
was, no Doubt, « Difappointment to his DefigDs ; it wai therefon
very well done in the Marqaia it la y&fui*ri, to And Troop* t* op
fofe the Tnvaiion.

^ That is pofltive, and thtfir//^ acknowledge it themfelvtii
kaft they had no Liberty to form Scheme* in the Continent, befor
1^ DeierBunatioR i&ade by C«niaii0ioain. BiK did Mwy wait,
then?

•>

••<*

mmm

'««ffPWV*<***'^^

e by what Orden
lajcfty thcKingof
ch Outrages ; he
tue of the Orders
nmanded him to
St. Jobn^ Marem-

the Country, as
and would at

jmits were fettled
lat Furpofe.
ar Troops, com-
:le inferior to that
■i^ • Orders of his
ig any Aft of Ho.

Court of Franci

nay, he is fo con-

IliaH Majefty, and

lerftanding between

lo Scruple to difap'

:leaft Intention to
ts of the PeninJuUS
'ranee did not look
t ever the Defign of
»f Nova-Scotitj to
ft Cbrifii an Mjefly,
or

id an invading j tkat i^

rderi did not keep hia
acknowIedgM that tin
to hit i that Detachmeat
efigns i it wai thcrefori
, to And Troop* t* op

wtedge it themfelvcn t

n the Continent, befor

Bjrtdid iIk/ wut

( 5» ) ' '

•r to take ronTcflion by Force of Arms of any Country,
whofe Right and i'roperty his Majefty had betorc agreed '
fhould be determined by Lommiflioricrs nominarcd for
that Purpofe, until the Regnlation ot the Limits be effec-
tually decided.

The Ambaffador is ordered to require a Difapproba-
tion of M. de la Jonqutere's Condudt •, and that pofitive
Orders be fcnt him forthwith to withdraw his 1 roops,
as alfo the /«<//<z»j who arc under his Command, from
ofFthofe Places belonging to Great -Britain i thac Satis-
faflion be given for Injuries committed, and for tho
Wrongs vhich the Subjcdls of his M ajefty have fuffered.
His Majefty is fully perfwaded, that the Court of France
will readily confefit to deliver the faid AmbaiTador, a Du-
plicate ot whatever Orders may be fent to the Governor
of Canada^ that he may fend it to his Court. Cempeigne,
|hc Seventh of Julj, 1 750.

Signed, Albemarlb. *

!^ Lbttek from the Marquis de Puyziculx, to my Lord,
Albemarle, as a preliminary ylnfwer to the Complaints
aforementioned^ until his Mc/i Chriftian Majefty fhould-
receive from Canada, an exa£l Account of tb» Faffs

' wbicb had occajioned them. « -

Cemptigntj funt 23, 1 7 50.
.Sir,

TH E Memorial which your 5*c;el'cncy fcnt me, concern-
ing the Complaints made by Governor Cornwallisj of Na-:
vo'Scetiat contains feveral FaiSts, Co contrary to that liquitv
which is due to his Majefty, and to the Inftrudlions which M.
it la Jenquitrt has received^ that if they arc fuch as the Memo-
rial reprefents them t0bei the King will order that Satisfa£)ion
be made to the Subiedis of hi^ brita>ifiic Majefty, and will fen(|
new InftruAions, ' in Order to prevent all Manner of Difputea
between the two N.ationsi, not doubfinc:, his Britannic Majefty
will give the like Orders on his Part. Permit me, Sir, to tell
you, that I cannot help thinking the Declaration of the Fa£li ii
rnuch exaggarated ; and as I know M.dtla Jonquiertt is a Gen-
tleman of Wifdonij and know alfo his InllruAien^ I am forr^

. ,U.h

■««■

i i m i M.ii. I

lip

( 5. )

Governor Camuxillh did not ipply to him, before he fent Com-
plaint! to hi» Court I 1 fcnt immediately your Memorial to M.
Rtuille, defiring him to enquire with all Speed, how Aff»iri
• were tranliidcd in CannJa, and to let mc know them, that j
may be able toanfwcr your Excellency in a more pofuivc Mau-
Ujf, 1 have iht llonuur to />/, iJc.

Signed, PuvzIEULX.

P. a. Perhaps Governor Cornwallii may have formed Sitle-
mcrits on lomo Lauda contended lor, oi on the King's Territo-
lies.

^ Letttr fent by M. Rouille to M. dc la Jonquiere,
4 Copy ofwbicb was Jent on the ijjtb ef July, 1750,
. to my Lord Aluciiuric,

VerfailUs^ July'lht nthf 1 7 50.
S I R,

I Send you the Copy of a Memorial directed to the Marauls 4i
Puyzituhy from the AmbaiFador of Gnat-Britain \ \yheretA
you wi|l fee the Complaini> made by the Britijh Court, con-
cerning certain TraniatSions on the Frontiers of Canada and
yeva-Seotia : If any of the Frrnch Inhabitants in thofc Parts, be

fuilty of the Outiages there complained of, they would deferve
unifhment, and the King would make an Example of them.
His Majcfty therefore defires you would fend me, by the 6rft
Oppartu{iity, a faithfuj and true Account of the Fa<3s, that \
may acquaint him with the Particulars thereof.

The King alfo commands mc to put you In Mind of the fcve-
ral Orders which his Majefty has already given you, concern?
ing the Manner in which you are to condu<^ yourfelf towards
the Englijh^ efpecially in every. Thing th^t regards the Limits <4
the refpe£live Colonies, till they are regulated i in fupportiiig
his juft Rights againft every Attempt wbich might tend to in-
vade ibem: You are alfa to attempt nothing agaiiilt the Right*
ofthe£n^/f^, but to treat theminfucha reipe£lful Manner,
as may be confident with the Honour of the Nation, and the
I'refervation of iu PofTeiTions i you are alfo to take Care tha^
thofe Officers, who fliall be fent by you, from Time to Time,
tQ fuch Block-Houfes as s^rc adjacent to the Engli_ffx Colonies^
behave likewife in the fame Manner : In a Word, prevent evera
Tiling which might occafion any juft Caufe of Complaint againft

you. His Britannic Majefty, as I have already acquainted you,
Hias prefcribed to the Governors of his Colonies, the like Conr

^n^ refpeding you, T^cr^ is Reafon to hope that 4II Things

i&"

\» ,

tefore he Tent Com*
ur Memorial to M.
pccil, hdW Affairs
iDow them, that {
more pofuivc Man-

fd, PUYZIEULX.

y have formed Sttlc-
thc King's Territo-

r. dc la Jonquierc,
6 </ July, 1750,

\ly%i llthf 1750.

:cd to the Marauls 4i
iat-Brltain \ wherein
Britijh Court, con-
tiers of Canada and
n\i in thofc Parts» be
', they would deferve
1 Example of them.
nd me, by the firft
of the Fads, that I
reof.

J m Mind of the feve-
given you, concernr
)i&. yourfelf towards
regards the Limits o{
lated i in fupportiiig
;h might t^ind to in-
ng aj^aiuit the Right*
a re(pe£lful Manner,
the Nation, and the
b to take Care tha^
from Tio;>e to Time,
the Englijf). Colonies^
I Word, prevent everv
fe of Complaint againlt
Iready acquainted you,
lonies, the like Con-
I hope that 9II Things

'"^pm*""

( 53 ) / ■ '

will be carried on between both Tartict, in a Maneer igreeaM*
10 the Views of their Maiellics, for the Support of the Unioa
of both Nations. Once more, his M.iic(ly charges ywuto uo-
dtrtakc nothing thutmi'^ht caul'c any iSifordor,^

/ arrij l^c

Signed, Rouir.Lf.

A Memorial in Arifwr to the Complaints made by
Enjilandt and fcnt the i5ih of September^ to my Lord
AlhmarU*,

Cr^'iyO tlJintial Ohffrvat'tons have been viade in tht Jnjiu/r ti
•* thi Mtmoriat ftnt by the Earl 1/ Albemailc to tht AJarauii d«
Puyzieulx, cancerning tht Complaints of Govtrnor Cornwallis, of
Nova-Scutia.

ift. That it is not rtafonnhtt., that thofe Outragts, ivhich tht JhiJ
Governor imputts to tht French Officers, Jhould be left to his Decld^
ration only, that his Mnjejly would ^H an Jaount of what had
fajfed \ and if the Fa^s he complained of tutri founded on Rtafoit^
bis Majifiy would not hefitatt topunijh them accordingly.

ad, That his Mujejly was about renewing his Orders to tht Mdr*
fuis de la Jonquiere, on tht chief Subjeil relating to Limits in tht
moji pofttivt Terms, that the French within his Government, Jhottli
have in a Manner agreeablt to that good Correfpondtnct exi/fing bi-
iween tht two Nations, and to the Intentions of his Maftjlv, fo¥
ftrengthtning thereof; being confident that his Britannic Majejtj
1/uould givt the like Orders to the Governors of hit Caloniesi to ail
according to the fame principles.

IVe have not yet been able to knotv certainly, whether hif Majtji^
fent any Orders : However, by Letters from the Marauis de la Jon-
quiere, and-M. Delherblcfs, Commander o/" Cape-Breton, ivhiA
are juji come to Hand, wt art now enabled to convince the finglitll
Afinijiry, that tht two forementioned Obfervations wtrt well groUntlr
td. Governor Cornwallis began in the Month of March ti raifk
(onftderable Forces^ and ftnt even to Bofton to dtmand Mititairy SlU^
tours from that Colony, to that End.

Towards tht latter £«</a/ Auguft, fivtr)alTro6ps, andfivti TtOt
PiettSy undtr tht Command of major LAwrence, ivert piit tH'ihiyM
fevtral Vtjftlst imdtr Convoy of tht Albany Frigate of I'i Gult, im
trdtr toctflack M. delaOorne, Captain of tht Can^dikn Tr^St^i^
in tht Pojis which ht pojftffti, and to make himfelf Majttr if them \
alfo to force the? tench Inhabitants and tht Indiansr, i$ fuMt

whattvtr Conditions h$ thought prof tr to lay in thtih.

*.i

i-^

* £xa£l News of what h;kd paiTed in Amtrica, ha4 d^DbwtttMceWed,

'*-'

-j_i j|.^jft^ "

■ MSl ' l - .U^iW ' .". J-fJff B*???^

li^lWlWIPII WI M ipi liw ^-

ll'« I

( 54 )

Tt)e fitting out of tb$feTraopSy as alfo tht Tlireats of Governsf
Cornwallis, who made no Myjietyef his Proje£ls., exajperafed tht
Indians, and alarmed the Inhabitants^ ev(n of feme Pat ts o/" Acadia,
who, terrified ifllghe Attempts and Fropofals of that Government^
and feeing the VV^els at AnJ>ir in an Harbour belonpng to the French
Bay, called Le Grand Marins^ouin, or great Muflcetto Harbour ;
and one of the rej/cis making toivards Bcm-haHlny the Inhabitant^
tfthct Place betook thcmfehes to Flight, and the Indians immediatelf
Jit it en Fire. 7his huppemd iviay tloe Second.

The fame Day, Major Lawrence, landed his Englifti Trocps on
the Continent, upon a Point of Land called Benu-kjour. The Cap-
tain of that Place having zt/ith him a white Flag, fpoke to them, and
gave them to under/land, thai ihoje Lands belonged to France, and
that his Orders were to bid them depart,

frhereupon the English deftred to ffeak with the French General
Af. de Lacorne having had Intelligence of the. - Alarch, alfo camt
thtre^ deftring himfelf, to have a Conference wiih the Englifll Gene-
ral. After fome jhort Difcourfe betzveeh'the Subalterns, Major
Lawrence agreed to the Conferencey and M. de la Corne met him
half Way.

The Englifli Cornmander told M. la Corne, ih(it he wasfurpriz-
$4 at their Jetting Fire to Bcau-baffin, and to find the French en
Engliih Territories j that General CotnwaW'is had given him Orden
ta bid him withdraw ; that it luas contrary to the Law. of Nations ;
md contrary to fujiice, to take Pojfejfion ofthofe Territoriesy andtt
tnceuragt the Indians to a War againjl the Englifh.

Tke F rencli General anftvered Major Liwrence, that he aught
n$t to be furprixed to find him in the Forts which he poJMed ; and
that M de ]<( Jonquiere had acquciinttd Governor Cornwallis
thereof, before ; that it was without any Foundation he repoached
him with the Commotions of the Acadians, that he had no Part there-
»«, nor in Jetting Bcau-baffin on Fire, that the Indians were the file
jfuthors thereof; moreover, that his Orders were to allow no Englifli
to.maieany Dtfcent upon that Coajl, which belonged to France, and
tt repel Force by Force. Hereupon, the two Commanders parted, and
Major Lawrence made a Signal for bis Troops to etnbark, whicH
9fas immediately done.

This is a particular Account of what happened in that Adventure,
inCpnfequsnct of which. Governor Cornwallis thought proper to be
thefirji in fending Contplaints ; what he faid himfelf as to the Mar cH
tf his Troops, is right; but from thence it follows, that the French
did not enter the Peninfula «; Acad i a, as was fet forth ; they had hi
Hand in the Outrages committed by the Indians, nor in the Commo-
4ions of the Acadians j it is therefor* with the grtateji Inju/lice that

Gtvernir

Govet
his en
What
welli

Th
andtl.
Hew-
Part.

Th
Lend
ration
in the.

Aa
wallii
Inhab
whoa

Wi
in tht
Atten
quier
td, it

Th
thath
more
forth
Govei
ties 01

nijlto
Tf.
mate
Forct
ampli
fuch ,
pendt
theyt
edof,
vern
Ma)
fP
quie
£xd
who
vina

- mffm wi W^'T'yB"

■"" t?^W W" ■iP'ft'^iV^^

Tfjreats of Govti'Htf
ojeSiSt exafperated iht
ffome Parts «/" Acadia,

of that Government^
■ bilonring to the French
It Muflcetto Harbour ;
bafliii, fhc Inhabitant^
the Indians immediatelj
}iid.

I his Englifti Trocps on
ieau-fcjour. TheCap-
"lag, /poke to them, and
id'jp.gcd to France, ani

ith the French General.
hv. " Alarch, alfo canu
tvith the Englifti Gene'
the Subalterns f Major
'. dc la Come met him

le, ih(it he wasfurpriz-
to find the French on
His had given him Or den
to the Law .of Nations ;
tbofe TerriteritSy andtt
Englifh.

vrence, that he aught
'juhich he poffefjed \ mi
' Governor Corn Willis
foundation be repoached
hat he had n» Part there-
ihe Indians were thefole
were to allow no Englifli
belonged to Frznce, and
Commanders parted, and
'oops to embark, which

bened in that Adventure,
^llis thought proper to be
d himfelf as to the MarcS
'allows, that the French
7S fetforti ; they bad nt
ins, nor in the Commo-
tht greateji Injuftice that
Gevermr

( 55 )

Goviruor Cornwall is attributes the Caufes thefeoj^, to the French ;
his own CunduSl totvards tbofe People, being the Jole Occajian thereof.
What is here advanced, concerning the Condu£i of that Governor, is
well known, having been puUickly related at London.

The Preparations which thefaid Governor was making for JVar^
gnd the Occafwn thereof , were inferted in the Gazette at Bo&on, in
New-England, and were looked upon as an A61 of Hojiility on his
Part.

The xdth oflafl Auguft, Letters from Halifax were printed in
London, containing, not only a particular Account of all the Prepa-
rations of that Expedition, but alfo an Affair which hadpreceededit,
inthe Peninfula aforjfaid, between /Af Englifli Trco^j <7«rf//>;lndians.

According to the Tejlimonies of tbofe very Letters, Governor Corn-
wallis a^ed againji thofe Indians, as in a Time of open War, The
Inhabitants of his own Government, and even theje French themfelves
who are the King'4 Subje£is, were no better ufed.

We have Account: from elfewhere, that it was currently reported
in that Country, that the fame Governor had laid a Scheme for othtr
Attempts, and bv a Letter which he wrote to the Marquis de la Jon-
^uiere, dated the yh of May, 0. S. a Copy of which is here annex-
id, it is apparent how little he was inclined to a Peace,

TheKinghas Reafon to hope for Jujlicifrom his Britannic Majejty^
that he will give Governor Cornwallis Orders to obferve a Cendu£i
more moderate, and more agreeale to the Intentions of the two Courts^
for the Efiablijhment of Peace, and that he will not allow the faid
Governor to take Meafures fo contrary to thf Stipulations of the Trea-
ties of Utrecht and Aix-Ia-Chapelle, and to the Deftgn oftbatCom-
mijjion which is fettled at Paris.

The King ispleaftdto repeat here, that Jhould any of his Officers
make any Attempt of that Kind, when there is to NeceJJity to repel
Force by Force, his Majejly would not hejitate to make apublick Ex-
ample ofthenfi^ He has renewed his Orders to them on that Head, in
fuch a Manner, that they will not infringe them : It may be alfo de-
pended upon^ that in their Correfpondence with the Britifti Officers^
they will never make Ufe of fuch Declamations as could not be approv-
ed of, even inthe fmartefl War. The Stile of the Letter which G»-
verner Cornwallis ftnt to M. de la Jonquiere, dated Halifax*
May the ^th, O. S. we leave to his Maje/iy to judge of.

We Jhall conclude with this Obfervation : WhenM.. de la ]on-
Kmiert:.had received Orders from his mofi Chriftian Majefiy, for an
Exchange ofPrifoners laft Winter, he lent, without Delay, all thofe
who were tn his Cuflody, to an Englifh Officer belonging to the Pro-
vince o/'New-York. ; and gave the JlriSlefl Orders throughout his
^fvtrnmentj thai the readiejl Metheds mi^ht be tickenftr theRtuimp-

■#

■ i m p ij ii :f » mm

C 56 )

fmef/uckhngy^ Pri/onersas were in the Cujiody of the Indian
Nations. .TMshedidy without waiting for Seturities^ which he had\
m Right / dtm«ndfrem the |£ng|iih Governors. By this the Engliih
JUitt^ry may feet the good Difpofitions of the French Governor., as\
fdfo what Orders mere given birnj relating to every Thing that might I
itnd to a Union between the two Nations. .

The Engliib Govtrmrs^ 'tis to be hopedy have been as diligent and
faithful intending Home the French Prtfoners ; the EnRlifli Courts
no Doubt, will be ready,, whatever happens, to renew Weir Orders !
U their faidGovernorSt to prevent all future Complaints en that Head.

NUMB. V.
'^n Extract of the Examination of four Englifti fra-
' ders, who were arrefiedon the Territories of Franccf.

ON the 19th Day of June, 1751, i^ the Forenoon,
Ixfore us the Marquis de la Jonqutere, Knight of
the Eoyal and Military Order of Saint Lewis, Adnftiral,
and Lieutenant Governor of all New -France, JJleRoyak,
and the Territories of Louijianna \ as alfo in the Prefencc
pf Baron de Lonqueil, Governor of the City and Province
joi Montreal, and Mr. Varin, a Direftor of Affairs in
,ihe City aforefaid, at a touncil held in the Cattle of
VfiudreuiU the Place of our Abode, in A/(?«/r^<?/ aforefaid.
Perfonally appeared four Engli/hmen, C^c. having with
' us Daniel Jefepb Maddox, an Englifh Interpreter, duly
(worn, and in the King's Pay, to ferve us in the laid
jQuaiity, to interpret whatever Queftions and Anfwcrs
■lijiglit ti made between us and the Englijkmen afprefavd,
..who we examined feparately, as follows : ,

Oat of the four appearing ; we gave him to under-
'-ftand, by the Interpretation of faid Maddox, i)x)!L ht
niiuft .be qualified to anfwer us truly, whatever Qudlibns
"^"^c fl^ould alk him ; to which he readily screed, ^hd
laying his Hand upon his Breaft, according to, the Ls^ws
,And CMlioms of <jr<4/>Br//o/», he in that Manner pro-
nufiKi and fwore, that he would tell us the Xriith..

"^ We

t Tlofe Examinations ittill prove, thatEngWIhTradirt could ohhiji
esiietnce from the Goverkor of Pcnnfylvania, in order ti'troditn
.^tnachSerritories, and that he.had a Spy, inbofit £ujhtefi it *iiUU to
[pvePr^tntt to Iwixxci there refidLug, to fir them up to War.

iia/ ::■ '-".s

..,^!»^«iiik.wr:'<^<Mli«i£%<>

kdy of the Indian I
rities^ tuhith he had\
BythistheEngWihl
ench Governor^ as
•y Thing that might

t been as diligent and
the EnKlifli Courts
renew weir Orders

ilaints on that Head.

our Englifti ^rd-
r/« of Franccf.
ip the Forenoon,
ieref Knight of|
Lewis, Adnftiral,
'ancCj IJle RoyaU, I
fo in the Prefencc '
Zity and Province
or of Affairs in
in the Cattle of I
'/(?«/r^<?/aforcfaid.
Cjff . having with
Interpreter, duly
: us in the laid
ns and Anfwers
liflomen afprefavd,

; him to under-
^addox, that he
hatevcr C^tftibns
lily f^rejcd, ^hd
di.ngto, the L^ws
that Manner pro-
theT^uthl

\TrM/ert cttild 0Hai»
•n iriir to'trmditn
If iufintfi it <Hi«/
tm up t» War.

mtir»-

Tradci
ladelph

C 57 )

We required of him to Cell us his Name, Sir-Name^
Age and Profcflion, as alfo where he was born, the Place
ot his Refldence, and in what Kingdom or Government;

To all vhich he anfwered, that his Name was Lukt Aroi
wtfiy aged Twenty-eight Years, that he was a travelling
Trader; an Irijhman by Birth, and an Inhabitant of Phi'
ladelphiai \n the Province of Pennjyhania,

^eft. ifty Being afked how long he had left Pennfyh
vaniOy where he had been fince, and how far he propofed
to travel ? He anfwered, that he did not pofitivcly re-
member the Day of his Departure, but it was in jiuguji
laft } that he went flraight way to a Village belonging to
the Shawanefe^ on the Ohio.

i^efi. idy Being aflced in whofe Company he was when
he left PennfylvanuU and what was his Defign, ISc ? He
anfWered, that he was in Company with two EngUjh Tra-
ders, and fix Servants of the fame Nation, and that his
Defign was to Trade among the Indians^ having for that
Purpofcj Goods that fuitcd them, which they propofed to
fell foow, in order to return home laden with Skins. That
James Hamilton^ Efq; Governor of Pennfyhanioy had
granted him a printed Licence to trade every where, with
all friendly Indians in ger:ral, for which he had paid the
faid Governor, the Sum of Fifty Shillings^ &c.

^eft. 3<i, Being aflced, whether he had not fold the
Goiods dforefaid, to thofe Indians who are fettled on the
Obioi, Reek-River^ and round about there, at a low Rate,
endeavouring toperfuadethem, that his Goods were muCh
cheaper and better than thofe fold by the French, and
how long he had been in that Trade with them ? He an-
fwered ^ that he had fold his Goods to thofe Indians who
are fettled • on the Ohio, Rock-River, and wherever he
could fee them, and that he had fold them very cheap, ia
Exchange for their Skins i but that he had never under-
valued the French Goods, but the Indians themfelvet
made a vaft Difference between them.

^eji. 4tb, Being afked, if it was not true t^at fome
Years before, as well as this, he had, b/ ^

I'jpp"'

f?;i

( «8 )

Governor of Pennjylvania^ and at the Ex pence of t'i;iC
Province, carried MeHages, Wampum, Englip Duck
for Tents, and Hatchets to the- faid Indians ^ as alibctjiv
iidcrablc Prtfcnts, and Ambundanceof Rum, ip oni.i to
induce them to acknowledge no other than the Kh;^hi!\
and to animate them againft the French^ and to engage
fhem to deftroy the F^encb^ promifing them for that I'ur-
pofc, a Sum of Money for every Frencb Scalp ? If he
could not fpeak the 5*flzy<?«<f/<r Language, or any of the
Languages fpoken by the Indians who are fettled on Ri-
ver Blanch, or elfe where ; and i( the faid Governor had
notfenthim on that Account to the River Ohio, Rock-
River, and to oxher Parts, in order to accompliOa his
Views ? He anfwered, that he had carried Wampum,
Hatchets and Rum, inordtr to trade with thofe Indians ;
but that from or by Order of the Governor, he had never
carried them either Meffages or any Thing elfe ; that the
Governor employed for that Purpofe, one George Croghan,
a Trader, whom he fent with all his Meffages to thofe
Indians, and who had continually a Nativeof Canada with
him, named Andrew Montour, (as he had been informed)
who under ftood the Indian Languages pcrfedlly well ;
that he could not tell whether the laid Croghan was then at
that Tim? among thofe Indians, but he knew he had Or-
ders from the Governor to depart foon after him, in Qua-
lity of an Exprefs to the Miamis Indians, and to fevtral
other Nations, and that for the following Reafon, to wit;
* The Miamis Indiaps aforefaid, came the laft Spring to
pay the faid Croghan a Vifit at Vejkak, or Oghwick,
(where he and fixtecn other Traders are fettled) to intreat
him to receive them j whereupon the faid Montour went
to thofe Indians, to affure them, in the Name of the faid
Governor, that the Engli/h would receive them well ; but
he could not tell if the Governor had given Orders to ftir
up thofe Nations to deftroy the Frencb, for the Miamis
Indiam were not arrived at Philadelphia when he left it,
??fejt.,^/w and

' tttitn tf tbtfeurth Englilhman privet tin fal/hotd iftkli

and nothing
fpcak Shall
but the Goi
Exprefs to

k'teft. 5/

^ejl. 61
Ohio in the
ders, when
the Fort E
Marquis de
New- Franc
fummon th
ries of the ]
ftfiaiy forb
the faid M.
of Pennjylu
Notice, tha
on the Ten
fwerable to
that he hac
Ohio, and (
Traders, a
Pennfyhani
from the G
out regardi

Then wj
Examinatio

The fecc
him to und
dox, that h
ever Quefti
agreed, an
to the laAv,
Manner pi
Truth.

Wt rcqi
Age and P
«f his Refic

■', ** (ilSuMbi

'"^3^

pence of t'wC

EngUflj Duck
rj, as alibajiv-
m, jp oni^r to
in the KnghJ'.K
and to en<?a^e
11 for that I'ur-
6 Scalp? If he
or any of the
fettled on Ri-

Governor had
:r Ohio^ Rock-
accompliOa his
iCd Wampum,
thofe Indians ;
•, he had never
; elfe j that the
jecrge Crogban^
effages to thofe
of Canada with

been informed)
jcrfedliy well ;
ban was then at
lew he had Or-
rr him, inQua-
, and to feveral
Jeafon, to wit;
le lad Spring to
, or Oghwickt
;ttlcd) to intreat

Montour went
Tame of the faid

them well ; but
n Orders to ftir

for the Miamis

I w^en he left it,

and

/ tki Fal/hotd tftkii

• ( 59 )
and nothing had tranfpired ; he acknowicdgd that he could
fpcak Shawanefe^ and feveral other Indian Languages,
but the Governor hud never ipade Choice of him as an
Exprefs to the Indians.

kueft. stb, i^c.

^ejl. 6th, fJeing afked, whether he was not at the
Ohio in the Year 1 749, jvith a Number of Engli(h Tra-
ders, when M. k Celoron^ a Major and Commander of
the Fort Detroit, was there, who had Orders from the
Marquis de la Galijfonni'ere, Commander in Chi«;f of all
New-France, and the Territories thereon depending, to
fummon them to withdraw forthwith, from the Territo-
ries of the King our Mafter ? and whether they were not
ftfi6tly forbidden to return there any more ? and whether
the faid M. le Celoron, had not written to the Governor
of Pennjylvania, to acquaint him thereof, and to give him
Notice, that if any more En^lijh Traders ever appeared
on the Territories of his Majefty, he would not be an-
fwerable to him for what might happen. He anfwered,
that he had heard o{ M. de Celeron's Expedition to the
Ohio, and of the Injunflions he had laid upon the Englifi
Traders, and of the Letter he wrote to the Governor of
Pennfylvania ; but he thought that the Licence he had
from the Governor, wasfufficient to indemnify him, with-
out regarding any Orders to the Contrary.

Then was read before the f^^d Luke Jroiiin, the whole
Examination, (s'c.

The fecond Engliffjman appearing before us, we gave
him to underfkand, by the Interpretation of the faid Mad-
iox, that he muft be qualified to anfwer us truly, what-
ever Queftions we (hould alk him, to which he readily
agreed, and laying his Hand upon his Breafl, according
to the Laws and Cuftoms of Great- Britain ; he in that
Manner promifed and fwore, that he would fpeak the
Truth.

1 W* required pf l»im to tell us his Name, Sir-name, his
Age and Profeffion, as alfo where h:^ was born, the Place
«fhis Refidencc, and iawhat Kingdoin or Government ?

••*uu«eSSTf

t-'\:.

( fo )

To which he anfwered ; that his Name was Jefepb For"
thter, aged Twenty-fix Years, an hired Servant, a Tra-
veller, born in the Jerfies, a Place belonging to the Pro-
vince of New^Tork.

He was examined on the firfl: Queftion, which was
read to him Word for Word.

To which he anfwered j that he had been four Years
abfcni from the Jerfies^ and lived the mod Part of that
Time in the Woods, but in the Winter he commonly re-
tired to a Village in the Province of Pinnfylvania^ called
Scanarii \ that l»c had traded with the Sbawaneji iX the
Ob^p'y and wherever he could fee any Indians.

He was eicamined on the fccond Q^eftion, . which was
read to hini Word for Word.

To which he' anfwered ; that he fet out with Michael
STw/, on Purpole to trade with the Indians ; that he was
hired to the laid feaf-, in Order to help him with his Hor-
fes and Goods ; that himfelf artd the other Englijbmen who
v/ere taken,' had btirnt their Invoice,' and that cdnfeqtient-
ly they coUld hot' tell us the Value of the Goods he had ;
that they ■ had been boujght from the lame Perfon Lukt
Arowin had bought his ; that he had a Licence from the
Governor of Pennjyhaniat but had left it in his Cdbin, at
an Indian Town, called by the Englijh Vendack, adjoining
the Sbawanefe. ' ^ •■

Being examined on the third Queftion, which was read
%o him Wbrd for Word, '

He anfwered ; that he had fold his Goods to thofe
Nations fettled on the dbio^ and in the adjacent Parts ;
that he had' hever defpifed the Frencb Goods, but the
Indians themfelves had told hini, that they rather chofeto
trade with the Englijh, knowing theit- Goods to be better
and ch<raper than thofe which the Frencb fold them *, that
he had traded with thofe Indians only four Years, as
aforefaid. ' .

He was jxamined on the eighth Queftion, whidh was
read to him Word for Word.

■"? ■ ■ / • • . T!

ftrmm

IS Jofepb For"
vant, a Tra-.
g to the Pro-

n, which was

in four Years
Part of that
commonly rc-
ilvaniat called
twaneje it the
ts.
on, which was

with Michael
• ; that he was
with his Hor-
ZngUJbmen who
lat confeqiient-
Goods he had -,
le Perfon Lukt
icence from the
in his Cdbin, at
^dackf adjoining

which was read

Goods to thofe
adjacent Parts ;
Goods, but the
^ i-ather chofetq
>ods to be better
bid them ; that
four Yean, as

tion, whidh was

( 6i )

To which he anfwered •, that in the Year 1 749, he
•was at Sufquibannab, in the Province of Pennlyhania^
where he had heard that M. de Celeron was at the QhiOf
but further faid not. '. .

Then was read before the faid Jofepb For finer ^ the
whole Examination, and his Anfwcrs, &fr.

The third Englijhman appearing before us, we garc
him to underftand by the Interpretation of faid Maddox^
that he mud be qualified to anfwer us truly, whatever Quel-
tions we (hould aflc him, towhicii he readily agreed^ &r«

Being afked his Name, i^c.

He anfwered, that his Name was Thomas Burk^ aged
Twenty-three Years, .a Traveller, a Native o\ Cork^ in
Ireland^ and now an Inhabitant of Laneajier, in (he
Province of Pennftlvania.

He was examined on the firfV Queftion, which was
read to him Word for Word.

To which he anfwered } that he had left Ireland
almoft Eight Years, that it was fcarce ten Months fince
he left Hufquebannaby thap he was hired by "John Martin,
an Englijhmany who traded at the Ohio^ that he fer out
with two other hired Servants, in order to trade near Otfan-
dojkety and from thence intended to return to hancajter.

He was examined on the third Queftion, which wai
read to him Word for Word.

To which he anfwered \ that he had no other Com-
pany with him than the two afbrefaid Englijhmen ; that
his EflFeds, including hisHbrfes, might be valued at
Fifteen Hundred Livres, but he had left them all at a
fmall River, about two Leagues from where the Rev.
Father de la Ricbardie had wintered, in the Care of two
Englijhmeny Who as foon as ttiey had heard that Warrants
were iflued out to take them, had left all and fled v that
the aforefaid Goods were the Property of the faid Martin,
he having bought them of two different Merchants in
Philadelphia, the Name of ohe he remembred was Shippen ;
that he had a Licence from the Governor of Penn/ylvania,
buc had left i; at fvd River with his Eff?^s.

■jfr.

^, '?^> -,..

'.:7

-\i&iV„

ff\

i •

liif

J* I

( 62 )

ilc was examined on tlic eighth Qucftion, £«rV.

To which he anrwcmi j that he had heard ot M. <// •
Celeron being at the Oife/<7, as alfo of the Letter he had
written to the (lovirnor at" Prnnjyhania ; that it was in-
truded to the hired Servants belonging to Geotgt Cro^han^
the chief Interpreter, but he could not tell if it had ever
been delivered.

Then was read before the faid Thomas Burk, the whole
Examination, and his Anfwers, fcff.

The fourth Englijhtnan then appeared before us, who
being qualified, i^c.

We required of him to tell us his Name, Sir -Name,
his Age, Gff.

He aiifwcred, that his Name was John Patten^ aged
Twenty-fix Years, an Indian Trader, a Native and In-
habitant of Wilmington^ in the l^rovincc of Penn/yhania.

He was examined on the firft Queftion, which was
read to him Word for Word.

To which he anfwcred, that he had left ff'ilmingtoMt
the24th of laft Jugujiy Q. S. that he fet out in orcer
to trade with fomc Miamis Indians who are fettled on
Rock- Riper t about thirty Leagues, as near as he could
guefs, from the Miamis Fort.

He was examined on the fecond Queftion, which was
read to him Word for Word.

To which heanfwered, that he had with him two hired
Servants, and that he was in Company with an Englijh
Trader who had five more -, that they all caipe together
to Rod-River, at which Place they fouftd ujswards of
fifty Traders, including Servants, lodging in Cabins be-
longing to the Miamis Indians^ •, that the Name of their
Chief, was La Demoifelle j that thofe Cabins were in a
Fort i that the Valu3 of his Goods amounted Co about
Seven Thoufand Livres •, that he had provided himfelf at
fetting out, with a Licence from the Governor of Pentt".
fyhania *, for which he had paid a Piftole, which LicenA

• It is neceffarY to fay fomething here concerning thofe Licences, j

A«y arc aiminiil aeainft the Laws of Traile founded on f rcaties.

, -^ The

-4t

•ST''

i6», r ,-f5>%ii ;^i^

lie had It
in a little I

He wj
reai! tu hi

To wh
the India)
othrr ad),
coming ti
trade wit.'i
and agree
never und

Me wa
read to hi

To wl
Governor
the head
Thouland
Woods V
ordc" to d
are fettled
Miamis 1
ing any I

He wa
Fortt by <
Fort, and
there ?

To wh
French wi
going to
himfelf ai
faid Fort,

The InJian
throughout
or to the'i
any Indiam
firethefcL
in order co
fo many Ei
pcrly (peak
Permiiiiion.

ard oi M. di ■

^tttr he had
hat it was in-
otgt Cro^hatt^
if it had ever

rk, the whole

.fore us, who

r, Sir -Name,

Patten^ aged
ative and In-
Penn/ylvania.
I, which was

t hf^ilmington^

out in orcer

re fettled on

ar as he could

n, which was

him two hired
ith an Engltjh
caipe together
d upwards of

in Cabins be-
>Iame of their
ins were in a
rjted Co about
ded himfelf at
rnor of Pentf-
which LicenA
he

thofc Licences, j

ided on Treaties.

• Th«

\ . • ( 63 ) • •

lie had left with the abo^efaid Miamis Indians^ fliut up
in a little Box of his in his Cabin.

He was examir.cd on the third Qutftion, which wai
reail to him Word for Word.

'1 o winch heanlvvcrcd, that he had fold fomc Goods to
the Indiaus who art* fettled on i\\tOhio^ Rock- River, and
othrr adjdcc'nt I'arts ; that it was the fnft Time of hii
coming to Rock- River -, and the only Way he ufed to
trade wit.'i the Indtans, was by (hewing thcn» his Goods,
and agreeing with thtrv as to the Price ; but that he had
never undervalued the French Goods.

Me was examined on th- fourth Queftion, wkich wa»
read to him Word for Word.

To which he anfwered > i>e had only heard that the
Governor of Pennfylvania had intruded George Crogban^
the head Indian Interpreter, with Goods to the Value of a
Thouland Piftoles ; and that he went up and down the
Woods with the faid Montour, a French Canadian, in
order to diftribute the faid Good? among the Indians who
ari; fettled on the Ohio^ Rock-River, and particularly the
Miamis Indians, and further fa'.th not ; he denied kn*)W-
ing any Indian Language.

He was afked if he had not been arrefted in the Mittmis
Fortt by Order of M. de Villi !rs. Commander of the faid
Fort, and was it not with Intention to trade, that he went
there ?

To which he anfwered, that the Indians telling him the
French were defirous to fee him, was th^ Reafon of his
going to that Fort •, that he was greatly furprized to fee
himfelf arrefted therein ; that he had Occafion to buy in
faid Fort, a Mufkec and fome Tobacco, and had taken

with

The InJiam having no Territories of their own, can freely trad*
throughout every Part of the Country, whether belonging to iheEng/iJi
or to the FrtHck. As to the Eurofean Nations, none can trade wi^h
any Indiam, except thofe who are on their own Territories. There-
fire- thefe Letters of Licence granted to Traders by Englilh Governors,
in order to permit them to trade on Lands poflefled by the Frtnch, are
fo many Enierprizes and Ufurpationi : I'hofe Englijh Traders, pro*
pcrly (peaking, kept up a Contraband-Tradc with their Goveruw's
Pcrnaiiiiion. _

i' •«

PPWW"

(iin»i"i|i»»iiiiiii«M

\ :

!^*

( 64 )

with him five Silk Caps, one Piece of coarfc Hellatid, and
iwdvcSiliclIamlkarchicfs for that Purpofc. and that all
had been fci«cd by the faid M. de VtllUrs, as alio his
Horfe i that his Boots and Portmanteau, wherein his Clothes
were, had been left in an 7«<i»/»« Cabin, and were to have |
been font to him at Detroit, but he never had any Tidings
of th-n- fince •, that another Horfe had alfo been taken
from him, whereon was an Indian who was his Guide.

He was alked whether (at the Time he had propofed
to 20 to the French Fort at Mimis). Prefcnts had not
been made, either by him, or any other Perfon, to the
/n^w«j who are fettled on the Ohio, and Rock-River, inj
order to obtain their Amilancc againft the French, in
Cafe they Ihould Attack them ? ^v. 1

He anfwered entirely in the Negative to tvcry Thing
contained in the aforefaid Queftion. .

Hewasalked, ifthofe Goods which had been fei zed
at t La Croix, twenty Leagues from the Fort atMiamis,\
M^erc not his, and if they were not the fame, which wertS
mentioned in the verbal Proccfs of M. de Mcnt.gf^. zni
Officer, dated December the zd, 1750, which had been

''^ To° w'hTch he anfwered, that he had left his Goods at
La Croix, and wasfatisfied ihatthofe Goods mentioned in
the verbal Proccfs, were the fame Sort as his, but in much
lefs Quantity -. that he could not tell what >^« becornc of
thb reft i it might be, his Servants had carried them away

"" nVwa^sextined on the eighth Queftion. i^hich wai

read to him Word for Word. . . .u. ni.:» ;«

To which he anfwered, that he was not at the 0/«* m
in the Year 1740, that he was told of M. le Celoron s\
being there at 'tt'a; Time, and of -hat Orders he ha
enjoined the Englijh Traders -. that he had alfo been told
of the Letter which M. le Celeron had written to the Go-
vernor of Pennjylvania on that Account, but was infprm-i
ed he had never received it j Crogban, the chief lnt"P'^^^"^|

t i« -'•»'■-*•, is ths Name of a Place fignlfying in Etiglijhrkt CroEi.

'*:-■ <*i.- > -

% »

ti i>.s

L^i,

^4>Jk '

fc Hellandt anil ]
ife, and that all
ersy as alio his I
rrcin his Clothes
il were to have
ad any Tidings |
Ifo been taken
s his Guide.
ic had propofed
'refents had not |

I»erfon, to the
Rock-River, in

the French t in

:o every Thing I

had been feizcd
Fort at MiamiSy
mc, which were* |
}e Mentigny, an
which had been

left his Goods at
ods nnentioned in
his, but in much
t was become of
irried them away

lion, ilrhich was

ot at the Obit in I
• M. /* Celoren*s
t Orders he had
lad alfo been told
ritten to the Go-
but was infprm-
le chief Interpre-
ter

inf»^///tKeCroi«.

tcr iforcfi

1 not know

I to ad agr

Then ^

[minacion,

I inclined U

he anfwcr

it; and fu

I the head 1

Uians CO d

I them by t

Ihad been I

[Country ;

iThing he

■Trade, ai

Idians : Ai

jwritten to

Ihad been i

Ivernor, b

Ibid him t

Said A

[the Baron

[interpnte

D.y. Mi

Saint Sau

A SUMMO
tfthe Int
tnander i^
tnander t
whereof i

JTSJOTH]

•*-^ temf^i

; that wl]

Captain of

^anada^ tl

• This i
pow he ha
be diilri

■ ■ i >p i i |i i»y i! >jtn i « iir .»',tw p' »i 'ii '. «Bi» i s<i iw tjf i .•/rmffcur^'^

MW)./ »n» II , I '

i is ) v

I ter aforefaid, Wjng torn it, that the Governor might
I not know the Contents thereof, left he (hould order him
: to adl agreeable to it.

Then was read bi'tore t(i.e faid Patten^ the whoK* Exa-

jmination, and his Anfwers -, and he was aflccd ii he was

inclined to add to, or extenuate his Aniweis? To which

he anfwcredj That all he had (aid was true, and ftodd to

it; and furthermore faid, that the afor*. m.-ntiomni Cro^han^

the head Interpreter, had at all Times pcrdiaded the In-

Uians to deftroy the Frencby and had lo far prevailed on

IthL-m by the Prtfcnts he had made them, that five French

Ihad been killed by faid Indians^ in the Upper-l-*art of the

[Country ; thatSelt-IrKercft was his fole Motive in every

iThing he did ; thai iii? Views were to engrofs the whole

iTrade, and to fcare th;' French from Dealing with th'. £n-

Idians: And as" to thfe Letters which M. de Celoron had

jwritten to the Governor of Phnjyhania^ three of them

Ihad been inii.Tcepted by the falQ Croghatt^ left the faid Go-

Ivernor, being acquainted with his Deeds, * Ihould.for-

jbid him ever to go amorigft them again.

Said Patten hath fet his Hand to every Page, as alfo
[the Baron de Longml^ M . Varen^ the laid Maddox, the
llnterpnter^ and our Sccre'ary ; Thus figned John Patten^
W.J. ModdoXy La Jonquiere, Longneely Farin^ and
\Saint Sauveurj Secretary. , ; • . / . #

-. N U M B. VI. ' - * " X

\A Summons fiht hy Order of M. de Conti'icoeur, Captain of one
of the Independant Companies of the Detachment of Marines ^ Com"
mander in Chief of his Majefffs Troops at the C5nio, to the Cam-r^
mander of thofe Troops belonging to the King of Great-Britain,
whereof M. le Mercier was Bearer ^ the l6tb Day o/Apri!, 1 754.
OTHING can furprize me more than to fee you thus at-
temf^t to fettle on the Ten itories of the King my Matter j
rtis that which obliges me this Day, to fend you M. Le Mercier,
aptain of the Cannoneers, and Commrnder pf the Artillery in
'anadat that he may know^ Sir, from yourfelf, by Virtue ©f

K what

* This is added to juftify the Governor. Yow hav« read before.
ovf he had given Croghan feme Goods to the Valu* of 100 Piftok»»
be diilributqd among the Indiant.

wiv

11^

I'M

*!^l^l^.

.)»

w^-

what Ordcri you are creaing; Forts on the Territories of the
Kin ' mv Maiter. This Motion appears to mc fo contrary to
th'e fn Trtaiyon'cacc, c„nc\uied ^l Jix-la-Ch^^pd'e, bctweert
hi,, nmll Chnjii.n MajcUy, a.ui his Majcfly the ^^'Y^^reaf
. iV ,..;«, tliat"^ I In .w not to whom I Iha I impute (uch Ufurpa-
tlon 1 hnce thole Lands which are htuattd ah.ng the R.vcra/;^^
bevomi all iJiCputc belonging to the molt ar;y(«fl« Kmg. •

1 am certainlv informed, Sir, that your Schemes a.e contriv-
ed onlv by a company who hath the Interert of Trade more m
View, than CO maintain the Union and Harmony exiftmg be-
twcen tl>.c Crowns of Great-Briuvn and Frame ; though, Sir, the
Maintainance thereof, may be as advantageous to your Nation

^' However, Sir,' if you are come vefted with any Orders to this
Place, I fummons you from the King my Malier, by Vntue of
the Urdcrs which I have from my General, peaceably to with-
draw jourfelf, and your Troops, from the King s Territories, if
Hot; I (hall be under a Necefiity, for the Performance of my Du-
ty, to oblige you thereto. 1 hope. Sir, you will not,pro!ong thtf
Time, and thereby force me to Extremes : You may, Sir, in tfcat
Ca'e, be fully perluadcd, 1 fhall give fuch Orders to my Detach-
ment, that you (hall receive no Damage thereby.
■Sir, Uive you Notice now, that it will be to no Purpofe to
. demand one Hour's Delay, or to exped I fhal» confent to your
Stay, until vou receive Orders from your Governor, for none he
can pive uj-on the Lands of the King my Mafter. The Orders
I ha^>e received from my General, are a Law to me; therefore,
Sir, I cannot go from them. ^ , -r i

But if, on the Cijntrary, you have no Orders ; if you are only
. come here to trade, i am forry to inform P^, ^hatlam obhged to
^ feizeyo.u I'dfon, and to coniifote yourEffcfls to the U(e of the
htiiJns, 'vho are our Children, our Allies, and our Friends, as
vou are not permitted to follow any illicit Trade.

It was^for that very Reafon, Sir, that two Enghjfmin v>txt by
- usarrefted laft Year, for trading on our Lands Furthermore,
the Kina my Mafter, dcmands\)nly what is his Right : His In-
- tentions are not to interrupt that g.^od Harmony knd Fnendfliip
fubfiiting between his Majelty and the King of Great-Bntain.
The General of Canada, can give Proofs in what Manner he
, concurieth to keep up the Union exifting between the two Prin-
ces ; for having been informed, 'that fome Inaiam o^rhz hm
j\auens, in Company with Come Nepijftngues, from the Lake of
the two Mountains, had tallen upon, and dejlroyed an br>i,!tjh
ramily towaftds Garolina j he ftopped their Paflage, and obliged

4^ /^^

%^s!miffi'i>:i*^*'-~^-^ "" " —

,.:%W,'V.»,,

them to del
who was tl
by Mr. UU
treat.

Moreove
ufual Crue!
complain.
Year to th(
were biify i

Sir, I ai
polite Mar
Diftindiior
back to m
pa£t Anfv
you, I ferw
quaint ther

Pone I

A Copy <

« ^

BE itKi
theDe
Ohio^ Fort
Orders to
immediate!
one Englifl.
as the Higi
keep along
Hangard ;
Road wbic
As the Ind
tack us (w
M. de Jm
tempt inte
ing to the
deliver the
We furl
before the
ries he hat
rions; an
fible Dilij

-■''^<ftiiHiii'i^g-' "*"

errltories of the
c fo contrary to
hapeUe, bctweert
: King of Great-
jtc fuch Ufuroa-
I the River (>»/»i
ifan King. •
mes a.e contriv-
■ Trade more in
ony exilting be-
though, Sir, tha
I to your Nation

ny Orders to this
ler, by Viitue of
:accab!y to with-
g's Territories, if
nance of my Du-
ll not_pro!ongthtf
I may, Sir, in tJiJat
rs to my Detach-
by.

to no Purpofe to
i> confent to your
:rnor, for none he
ler. The Orders
to me ; therefore,

•s; if you are only
hat I am obliged to
;s to the Uleofthe
nd our Friends, as
ie.

lnglij})men were by
ds. Furthermore,
lis Right : His In-
)ny knd Friendfliip
f Great-Britain.

I what Manner he
veen the two Prin-
Indians of the Six
from the Lake of
ertroyed an En^lijh
iflage, and obliged

., -^,•■ ■..-• . { ey ) ^-■: - ^ - •

them to deliver him tip a littlcBoy belonging to that Family, and
who was the only one left alive ; he was biought back to Brjhn^
by Mr. Ultrich, who was then upon fome Negotiatioo at Moh-
treal.

Moreover, he has ftri£lly forbidden all Indians toexercife their
ufual Cruelties on thole Englijh who arc our Friends. 1 could
complain. Sir, of the many Solicitations you have made laft
Year to the Indians^ to take up the Hatchet againft us, whilft wc
were biify in maintaining Peace. .

Sir, I am perfuaded that you will receive M./f Mercier, in a
polite Manner, on Account of his Commiflion, as alio of his
Diltindtion and perfonal Merit ; and I expc<ft you wiii fend him.
back to me with one of your. OfKcers, who will bring me aa
fxait Anfwer, figned by yourfelf. As you have Indians with
you, I fend an Interpreter with M. le Menier, that he may ac-
quaint them with my Intentions on their Accotint.

/ <7OT, i^c. Signed, Contrecokur.
Done at our Campy the i6th of AprW^ 1754.

NUMB. VII.

jf Copy efthefe Orders xvhio'y M. deContrecoeur^flW M. i»

Jumonvillc, the i^d cfM&y ^ 1754.

BE it Known, that the Captain of a Company belonging to
the Detachment of Marines, Commander in Chief at the
Ohio^ Fort Du ^efne, the Peninfula, and River fl^^/, hath given
Orders to M. de jumonville, an Enfign of the Troops, to depart
immediately, with one Officer, three Cadets, one Voluntier,
one Englijh Interpreter, and twenty-eight Men, to go up as far
as the High-Lands, and to make what Diicovery lie can ; he Ihall
keep along the River Monaungaleia, in Pettiaguas, as far as the
Hangard; after which4ie Ihall march along, until he finds the.
Road which leads to that faidtohave been cleared by the EngJifh,
As the Indians give out that theEn^^liJh are on their March to at-
tack us (which wc ca-.not believe, fince we are at Peace) fhould
M. de JumonvilUy contrary to our Expeflation, he^ir of any At-
tempt intended tp be made by the Eng'iJI), on the Lands belong-
ing to the /Vm/' King, he fhall immediatoly go to thtm, and
deliver them the Summons we have given him.

We further charge him, to difpatch a fpeedy Meflengerto us,
before the Summons be read, to acquaint uS.of all the Difcovo-
ries he hath made ; of the Day he intends to* read them the Sum-
mons ; and alfo, to bring us an Anff er frofflfthem, with all pof-
fjble Diligence, after it is re*d, i"^

,*!--* \ V

' -. *

» t

:-,M,^amtSliliiMiii^'--

^:. i %« »aH»»«. <l> l l *W, l <» i . l '>MI I «W»IW W| il l W

«-N

• ( 68 )

If Mr. de JumonvilU fliould hear that the Englijh intend t« g»
on the other Side of the Great- Alcuntain, * he {hall not pafs. the
H ;'h-LanJ<t for we would nut diUurb them in the lea{^, being
de .rousto keep up that Union which exifts between the tvVo
Cr.iwns.

VVe charge Mr. dt JumoHville, to ftand upon his Guard
■gainfl every Attempt, either from the Englijh <( Indians. If
he Ihould meet any Indlnns^ he fliail tell them he is travelling
ab"ut to fee what is tranfadingon the Kin^j's Territories, and
to take Notice of every Road, and (hall fhcw them Frtendfhip.

Done at the v. amp at For/ Du ^<efne^ the 2^d of May, 175.4.
^ • ■ ' Signed, Contrec^EUR.

A Copy of the Summons whereof Mr. de Jumonvillp, was tbt

Bearer. ,

A Summons whuh Mr. de JumonviHe Jhall read. From an
Offii-er cf thu Troop<i of the Mo/{ Chx\%3in King, to the Com-
mander oft.e Enylifh TioJli.^ if any he jhall findon the Territoriti
of the ? isnd\ King.

Sir,
rr<Hli Indians have already acquainted me, you were coming
■* armed, oil the Territories of the King my Mafter, though
I cannot bc-licve it ; but as it is my Duty to leave no Stone un-
turned to dilirover exadtly the Truth thereof, I have feilr out Mr.
de fumonv lie, on that Acount ; and in Cafe he fhould fee you,
to ifummons you in the King's Name, .and by Virtue of fee Or-
ders which I have received from rt\y General, to depart forth-
with in Peace, with your Troops ; if you refufe, you will oblige
Itie, Sir, to force you thereto, by ufing the m«ft powerful
Means, for tlie Honour of th€ King's Arms : Your buying thofe
Lands at the Obia, from the Indians, gives you fo weak a Right
thereto, that I {hall be obliged to repel Force by Force. I fbre-
warn you, that if, ^ft^r this Summons, which (hall be the laft,
there be any Atlof Hoftility, you {hall .nnfwer for it; ^s it is
•ur Intention to keep up the Union exifting between the two
Crowns. Whatever your Schemes may be, I hope. Sir, you
will fhew Mr. Junr.nville all the Refpedi: that Officer deferves,
and that you will fend him back to me again, with all Speed, tQ
acquaint me vyith your Intentions, J am^ iifc.

Signed, Contrecoeur.

pent at the Camp at Fort Du Quefne, the 2^defMayf 1754.

■4

'""' • • The Apalachian Mauntaini.

- . ' ■ . . . ,

Letti
coeur,

S I n
CINCE
•^ the 3c
that lexpi
diiins have
defeated ;
de 'Jumonx
dian, mac
ielvesCab
felves, as
ing, the)
and the /
Volleys,
Interpreti
them. L
ville ord^r
be read ;
aforcfaid i
Mr. de Ji
that they
dians, dui
Way to u
along the]

This i
fortune is
circled th

I have
ChuUvigH
fee, that
lAr.'de

The //I
that Mr.
whilft th
would
who wei
prevei^t^i
Prifoner:
ble, bott
led. T

I beli
Englijh
Nations

IJh intend te gv
hall not pafb the
the leaf}, being
etwcen the tvVo

pon his Guard
i { Indians. If
He is travelling
erritorjes, and
lem Frieddfhip.

of Mayy 175.4.

)NTRECfiEUR.

lonville, was tht

PWJii'lOTIilKllJUijjuU'

• ',».UT|»lfm> llll l ( i m i m yi v i .n »r |i^ ^.

ing, to

From an
the Corn-

el on thi TerritorUs

you were coming

y Mader, though

eave no Stone un-

I have fertr out Mr.

he ihould fee you,

Virtue of «ie Or-

to c^epart forth

fe, you will oblige

he moft powerful

Your buying thofe

)U fo weak a Right

! by Force. I fbre-

h (hall be the )aft,

:r for it ; as it is

between the two

I hope, Sir, you

: Officer deferves,

with all Speed, tq

artiy (ifc.

I^ONTRECOEUR.

Zdo/Mayt 1754.

iy M. dc Centre*

( ^9 )

i/ Letter yjf* to the Mq'guit du Quefnij
coeur, J<}i'^J June 2</, J 7 54.

S I R,
CiNCE the Letter I had the Honqur to write to you, dated
^ the 30thoflart.Monih, whereby I acquainted your Honour,
{hit I expecied M.T. lie Jum nvllle^ within four Oays ; tlie In-
rfwMj have juft now informed me, that that Party is taken and
defeated ; they were Eight in Number, o.nc whereof was Mr,
de 'Jumonville. One of that Party, Monceau by Name, a Cuno;^
dian^ made his Elcape, and tells us that they had built thrm-
ielvesCabbins, in a low Bottom, where ihey (heltcrcd tl\^m->
fclves, as it rained hard. About feven o'Clock the ntAt Morn-
ing, they fr>w theiTi'elves furrounded by the £«^///2>on oneSid«
and the Ind am on the Other. The Englijh gave them two
Volleys, b it the Indians did not fire. Mr. de Jumonville^ by his
Interpret! , told thejn to dclill, that he had fomething to tell
them. Li (on which they ccafed fii ing. Then Mr. de Jumon^
vitle ordered the Summons which 1 had fent them to retire, to
be read ; a Copy of which, I here fend your Honour. The
aforcfaid iWa/iiffla, faw a'.l our Frenchmen coming up. clofe to
yit. de Jumottville, whilftthey were reading the Summons, fo
that they were all in Platoons, between the Englijh and the /«-
dianst during which Time, f4id Monceau made the bcft of his
Way to us, partly by Land through the Woods, and partly
along the River Menaurgaheia, m a fmall Canoe.

This is all. Sir, I could learn from friid A/swr^rw. The Mis-
fortune is, that our People were furi>r zed ; the Englijh had in-
circled them, and came upoVi them uufeen.

I have this Moment, Sir, received a Letter from M. de la
Chuuvigneriey which you have here inclofed, where you will
fee, that we have certainly loft Eighi Men, one of whdm is
Mr." de Jumonville.

The Indians who were prefent when the Thing was done, fay,
that Mr. de Jumonville wis killed by aMufket-^Shot in theHead,
whilft they were reading the Summons ; and that the Englijh
would afterwards have killed ail our Men, had not the Indians
who wo-e |)refeiit, by ruftiing in between tbemand the Englijhy
prevei^ted their l>efign. Meffrs. Drouillon and la Force^ are taken
Prifoners. We cannot ^ell, if Meffrs. de^Boucerville and du Sa-
ile^ both Cadets, are in the Number of the Light who arc kil-
led. This is the Account which the Indians have given us.

I believe, Sir, it will furprize you to hear how bafely the
^£«^//^ have adled ; it is what was nev,er feen, even amongft
Nations who are the leaft civilized, to fall thus upon Embafla-

dors,

■k^.,'

1 1

•'*'

( 70 ) ;

idors and murcler them, ^be Indians ire fc enraged^ thereat, that
thi-y I) ive r4>i)!icd lo we for Liberty to fall upon the EngUfln I
had (em Crop-^ivin^ a.'i Itieiian Chief, to hold a Council at his
Village, nil (he Aftiun aforci'aid j b»it he is returned, and is now

corrft.-mtly wiili me.

The Enyli/h are, no Doubt, on their March, with an Army
of Fix f Ihcniiand ftroiig. The hdicms layy they have always
Six Huiiili -li \ien j^oingbefoie, in oidcr to clear a Broad- Road,
to liiiM:Mip I'r .It;;, CminDn ; this was the Incitan Expreihon As
1 am ccirani \\\t F.'icjylj •-y. in their March, I wrote to M. Pean
to coin!- I ' lit- wiih ;ii! i;ii.gepce with the Provifions, and to
fi id usTiuoc Mjtuiif.d fv''.'i\, titlier l>y Land or by Water. I
al o \vrotc toiVl. rtfVC/vr.yWT'i///-, that, it IM. Pem was not at
T^'idi-i'H'tiiri, ho jlioijl'' r.iji.c with t'nc lanu-. fif umber of Men, a«
1 vxnitc roM, PiiiJ>: i r. * .

It the- Diicovcjy whi'-h ha^ ro.ft our Pe>i, Ic fo dear, Vtid not
been n>-':'li-. the kri'^^iijh vvouki n^iCe c^nic upon us unawares;^
but now we ihatl be viiiiiaiit <m ;>!! Accounts. VVe arc ^oldthat
the Main-liotlv of" ilic Ainiy isyci iai iJiihint, that it will b«.
one '*'in!)iii if ait nt'fcic thry if-a-h ;hi. PLce. 'Tis f«iiu iucjt
^STG' ■i^^'•:v.^^TanariJj^lm, u,' ihc River Monautlgahela. This
A'lv'ic' vc-havc Uom t'nc /«.-'(7«i, uho alfo fay, that the Eng-
lij?} hj\'. yj-,-n V^(^^) Vcn Co ihi/fiws, and Thirty Flat-Hrads,
of the- ncii'elc f> uliciv., a!i.i OneHundied Men of the Dog Nu-
iion ; \vhK-!ipiit:i \\\tV'\ in hi^-'n Spiiits,- as they are aU Enemiei
to tlie In J. .'I".! whfi \\y: '>n \.\u- ilivcr.

'Tis faiil \\\zLn'Jjh iinetui to build a Fort half a' Leagu*
above ns 'in;^ an.jtiu r a !i.tijt: more than hall a League below
U, which IS at ilicL/Vi/r-A't./, hei-.dcs anoiher at fcmefmall Dif-
tance alonj^ihe K.'Ci /Jii/JTK^v^/Wtf, on the fame Side that w«

are.* •

! {hall acquaint your Honour, at every Opportunity, ofevcrjj
Thing that IS done, ^c. \^' - ^'

N u M B. vin.

T'i?? fouRNAi. f/" Mj/V Wafliingtonr

ON the ^ ill of March, I receivecl from his Honour \
. A L.ieutenaflt (. olonc I's Commiflion, of the Fir-
ginia Regiment, Vvhtreot J'fJm.t Fry, Efq; was Coionel,
dated jhe j 5th •, with Ortkrs to take the Troops, which
were at th xt Time qu irtercd at Akxandrin^ under my
Cptnmand, and to march with them tow.^rds the Ohio^
* Governor Dttfjuidiiu, Ki Firginiai thCTC

there to h(
the Poirefl
Huftilities

/Ipril il
murch ao
two Com]
hogy and
two Serjei
Hundred
Gcntlemiii
by one Li
Soldiers.

Welef
{)ur jC«;ni
travelled 1

(From
this Jourr
how they
by Cafjtai

The t
Captam 1
^ith all ^
Hundred
Arrival o
"Whenl r
to Colont

The 2C
Detachmi
was taker
Mr. fVar
obliged t(
and upwa
who was
with Sixt
having pi
afterward

■ Mr. h
ftcdfallly

^.:-

-■.'^'kdft,.-

ij-8^*'''*'* "'

ed thereat, that

the Englii/ht I

Council at hit

neJ, and it! now

with an Army
:y have always
r a Broad- Road,

Expreilion As
/rote to i\4. Pean
vifions, and to
by Water. I

nn was not at
ibcr of Men, a«

dear, hid not
us unawares ;,
tVc arc ^old that
that it will b«

'Tis f<tiu iiic^r

ungahtla. This

, that the Eng-

irty Flat-Htads^

of the Dog Na-

are all Enemiei

: half a' Leaguip
I League below
t fcmefmall Dif-
le Side that wc

irtmilty, ofcveif

gton.

I his Honour ^,^
n, of the Fir'
] ; was Colonel,
Troops, which
•i.iy under my
^^rds the Obht
thcfrc

( 71 ) . ■
there to help Captayj Trent to build Forts, and to dcfen4
the l:*oireflion$ of his/Majefty againft the Attempts and
Humilities of the French.

April the 2d, livery Thing being ready, we began our
march according to our Ordeis, the 2d of Aprils with
two Companies of Foot,' commanded by Captain Peter
hog, and Lieutenant Jacob Vambraam^ fi'e Subalterns,
two Serjeants, fix Corporals, one Drummer, and oiw
Hundred and twenty Soldiers, one Surgeon, one Sivedijh
Gentlemitn, who was a Volunteer, two Waggons, guarded
by one Lieutenant, Serjeant, Corporal, and Twenty-five
Soldiers. . *"

We left Alexandria on Tuefday Noon, and pitched
t>ur jCents about four Miles' from Cameron^ having
traveUed fix Miles.

(From the :}d of Aprils to the 19th of faid Month,
this Journal only contairis the March of the Troops, and
how they were joined by a Detachment which was brought
by Captain Stevens.)

The 19th, Met an Exprefs who had Letters from
Captain Trent ^ at^he Obio^ demanding a Reinforcement^
iwith all Sppfd, as he hourly expetUd a Body of Eight
Hundred French. I tarried at Job Pearfal/'s for the
Arrival of the Troops, where they came the next Day.
"When I rrcrivcd the above Exprefs, 1 difpatchfd a Courier .
to Colonel /-ry, to give him Notice o\ it.

The 20th, Came down to Co\ond^re/apy to order the
Detachment, and on my Rout, had Notice that the Fort
was taken b, the French. That News was confirmed by
Mr. fFart, the Enfign of Cap'^jn Trent, who had beett
obliged to iurrendcr \o a Body of One Thoufand French
and upwards, under tiie Command ot Gaptain.Ccw/r^w^ar,
who was cc-me from Venaxgo (in French, the Pcninfula)
with Jsxty Battot's, and T'Inee Hundred Canoes, and who
having planted eif^.hteen fitcts ot Cannon againft the Fort,
attePivards had f^nt him a Summons to depart.

Mr. Wart alio informed me, that t\v* Indians kept
(kcdfallly aitached to our Intereft. He jroughttwo you*g

■ . InduM

'■

.■..ife«'"--

i'7t

( 72 )

frtcitijfi Men with hiii, who* were Minffoes^ that they
mi;^Iu have the Satistadion to fee that wc were marching
with our Troops to tlieir Succour.

He alio delivtnd mii the tollowing Speech, which the
Half'Knq Lni to nis: t- , .

•4 • Frrt-ObiOf Jpril i%th^ '754'

A Speech /rcw v^f Half Ki g, for the Governor} of
Virginia and ''cnnfylvania.

MY Brethren the En^ljh ' The Bearer will let you
underftand in what vlantier the French have treated
US, We waited a long lime, thinking they would come and
attack us ; we now ke how ihey have a Mind to ufe us §.
We are now ready to fall upon them, waiting oM'/ for
your Succour. Have good Courage, and come as foon
as pofTible ; you will Bncj us as ready to encounter witk
them as you are your f elves.

We have fent thofe two young Men to Tee if you are
ready to come,, and if fo, they arc to return to iis, to let
us know where you are, that we may come and join you.
"We (hould be glad, if the Troops btlongirg to the two
Provinces could meet together at the Kort which is in the
Way. If you do not coine to our Afliftance now, we are
intirely undone, and imagine we fhall never meet together
again. I fpealc it with a Heart full of Grief,

A Belt ot fVdippu^.\\

The Half-King difefled to me the tollowing Speech.'

. I am reiady^ if yoU think it proper, to'jgo xCf both rfie

Governors, with thefe two yoiing Men, for I haychow

no more Dependance on thoftj who have been gone fo longi,

' without returringqp fendiing any McffagQ.

" ; . J Belt of fFampum. .

''April

i Thh TM/ Kirg was an I^vfiar^Chief to whom ^tEngliJh had

. giJ'en that Title, and had fl^t.him on e;«cccc!ingl> againft the French.

J fifhold here is a ConfJrlHon of that Goodnei"S; witj» Which the

French had treated the lnditi> % which h id revolted. Thofe Indians

cxpedtcd to/be porfucd ; fiirpuztd at the Indulgence oi iY^eFren.^,.

- they propore to atuck them ti. infclves, and act^uainc the £/.;g<'^ of

th;;ir Refulutibn.

M, that they
ivere marching

;ch, which the

8 /A, 1754.-
Governor^ of

rcr will let you
ch have treated
fould come and
ind to ufe us §«
aiting oMy for
J come as fopn
encounter laitk

fee if you arc
n to lis, to let
e and join you.
,irg to the two
: which is in the
ice now, we are
r meet together
ef,

ot fVdnipu^.,^
lowing Speech.
;o .t(y both riic
for 1 haKe how
rn gone fj longji

9f fVampMtn. .
^jlprii

m thc£«p/y* had
jainft the F'ench.
1^; witb Which ths
;d. i'hcfe Indians
!nce of |he frenrS,_
iiainc ihc E,:glijh of

( 73 ) • . •,. ~

April 43d. A Council of War held at WilU-Cntk^
in order to confult upon what muft be done on Account
of the News brought by Mr. Wart^

The News brought by Enfign }Vart^ having been
examined into, as alio the Summons fent by Captain Con-
trecoeur^ Commander of the French Troops, and the
Speeches of the Half-King^ and of the other Chiefs of the
Six-Nations % it appears, that Mr. IVarty was forced to
furrender the faid Fort, the 1 7th of this Inftant, to the
French^ who were above One Thoufand ftrong, and had
eighteen Artillery Pieces, fome of which were nine Poun-
ders f , and.alfo that the Detachment of the Virginia Re-
giment, amounting to One Hundred |nd Fifty Men,
commanded by Colonel fVaJhington had Orders' to rein-
force the Company of Captain Trent^ and that the afore-
faid Garrifon confided only of Thirty- three efFedlive Men.

It was thought a Thing imprafticable to march towards
the Fort without fufficient Strength *, however, being
(Irongly invited by the Indians^ and particularly by the
Speeches of the Half-King^ the Prefident giave his Opinion,
that it would be proper to advance as far as Red-Stoni'
Creeks on Monaungabela, about Thirty-feven Miles on
this Side of the Fort, and there to raife a FortiBcation,
clearing a Road broad enough to pafs with all our Artillery
and our Baggage, and there to wait for frefti Orders.

The Opinion aforefaid was refolved upon, for the
following Reafons •,

ijiy That the Mouth of Red-Stone is the firft con-
venient Place on the River Monaungahela.

2dy That Stores are already built at that Place for the
Provifions of the Company, wherein our Ammunition n^ay
be laid up •, our great Guns may be alfo fent by Water
w 'eneverwt (hould think it convenient to attack the Fort.

3u, We may eafily (having all thefe Conveniences)
preferve our People from the ill Confequences of Inadion,
and encourage the Indians our Allies, to remain in our

L Intereft.

t Captain Trtnt, and Enfign Wart had greatly exaggerated the
Trench Forces. Which is common enough tor People to do, who
abandon their Fort at a bare bummons.

*"»■

•■■ 4.-^«, ,.^(ft-^— ...i-vi- ,- ,

:<T^- ....

'"»> ' < ' i 'lli m il^lpl ^ ^ ti i J. fl |>i | y ii n > ■«>■■« « n . ■ii i^i ii y mi i u w » i ynt I B

( 74 )

Intcrefts. Whereupon, I fcnt Mr. fFarf to the Govcri«
nor, t, with one otthe young Indians and an Interpreter :
1 thought ir proper alfu to aconaint the Governors of
Maryland and Pennf)hania of the News ; and I fent
away the other Indian to the Half-Kingt with the
Speeches inclofcd in the following Letter,

*ro tbt Honourable Robert Uinmddic, Efq\ Governor ^ C^e.

S I R,

MR. fVarty an Enfign of Captain Trent's Company,
is this Day come from Monaungahela^ anil has
brought the forrowful News of tlv* Redu^ion of the Fort,
on the 17th of this Inft.mi ; having been fummoned by
Captain Contrecofur to furrtnder to a Body of French
1 roops who were a Thoufand (Irong, who came from
Venango^ with eighteen Fitces of Cannon, fixty Battoes,
andTiiree Hundred Canoes ; they permitted all our Men
to retirf, and take with them their Working-Tools cut
ot.the Fort, which was done the fame Day.

Upon receiving this News, I called a Council of War,
in order to coiil'ult what was the bed to be done in fuch
Circumflances ; and have fent you a particular Account
of evt-ry Fhing agreed upon at the faid Council by the fame
Exi)refs that you may know Things yet more particularly.

Mr (Vart is the Ikarer of the Summons, asalfo of the
Speech from the Half- King^ wherein 1 inclofed the Wam-
pum -, he is in Company with one ot thofe Indians men-
tioned in the Speech, who had been fent to fee our Forces,
and to know what Time they might expeA us \ the other
Indian^ 1 have lent back with a Meflage. I hope you will
find it neceflfary, co fend us our Forces as foon as they arc
raifed, as alfo a fufficient Number of Canoes, and other
Boats with Decks ; fend us alio fome Mortar- Pieces, that
we may be in a Condition to attack the French with equal
Forces. And as we are informed that the Indians of the
5Vx Nations^ and the Outawas, are coming down Sciodt-
Creek\ in order to join the French who are to meet at the
Ohio ; fo I think it would not be amifs to invite the
t /ijc Goveraof of Firgm* is Jxere uaderfiood. Cberokte*

*f) Oa./V^ ^^<**-*

Hu. ift

««i> *■( •%

.-• ^./.

%■■■

JT/I

'¥ «.«,

'J?iV/

i>t*>-

«>s

Cherokee

Afliftanc
iii no go
of the Si
them to
fhould nr
and turn

Wcfii
riage, v
Number

This 1
7r/»/, w
Troops ;
Itno Shii
Pay; fr,

To his E:
S I

I AM I
andF
the remai
however,
clearing t
the great
as Red-S
Thirty-fi
have tak
carried a
Ohio Ci
and Pro
Befid(
Reafon
heard, 1
alfb lean
wais In
order to

fne r.jad

iji^^^f^

•m^

the Cover*
Interpreter :
Governors of
and I fenc
\gf with the

• t

/'s Company,
hela^ anil has
m of the Fort,
fummoned by
iy of Freucb
ho came from
fixty Battoes,
ed all our Men
.ing-Tools out

•
•

juncil of War,
le done in fuch
icular Account
)cil by the fame
>re particularly,
s, as alfo of the
ofed the Wam-
fe Indians men-
fee our Forces,
k us \ the other
1 hope you will
foon as they are
[loes, and other
rtar-Pieces, that
'emh with equal
e Indians of the
jg down Sciodt'
t to meet at the
lifs to invite the
i, Cberokttt

*''/

' '' ( 75 ) ' '

Cherehes, CatatohaSy and the Chickafaws to come to our
Affiftance i and as I have rtceivcci Inttlligcncr, that there
iti no good Undcrftanding between them and the Indians
of the Six Nations aforelaid, it would be well to pcrlwade
them to make a J'cace with them j otherwitc if they
(hoiild meet at the Ohio, it might caufe great Diforder,
and turn out to our Uifadvaniage.

We find the great Advantage there is in Water-Car^
riage, wherefore, I would remind you to provide a
Number of Boats for that Purpofc.

This Day, arrived the Men belonging to Captain
7rr»/, who by your Orders had been inlift.o as Militia-
Troops •, the Officers having imprudently promifed them
*rno Shillings per Day, they now retufc tofervc for Icfs
Pay i fVart Ihall receive your Orders on that Head.

to bis Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Governor of Maryland.

S I R,

I AM here arrived with a Detachment of One Hundred
and Fifty Men : Wc daily expedt Colonel Fry with
the remaining Part of the Regiment and the Artillery \
however, we (hall march gently a-crols the Mountains,
clearing the Roads as we go^, that our Cannon may with
the greater Eafe be fent alter us •, we propofc to go as far
as Red-Stone River y which falls into Monaungahela, abuut
Thircy-fcvcn Miles this Side of the Fort which the French
have taken, from thence all our heavy Luggage may be
carried as far as the Ohio. A Store is built there by the
Ohio Company, wherein may be placed our Amnuinition . -
and Provifions.

Befides die French Forces above mentioned, we have
Reafon to believe, according to the Accounts we have
heard, that another Party is coming to the Ohio •, wc have
alfo learnt that Six Hundred of the CW/potf^iw and Olio-
wais Indians^ are coming d9W.n th<; River Sciodo, in

order to join them, -rf ^.

"' • ' The ■

S How can the ingliji fay that Country v tM^^ir^ ? Tbey ha4 no*
f ne P.jadieacling to it from their Cojlonies. ; «,

'^; >^^.0^ ^^*- ^"^ L^/( (Q.4/,tr-«> K^Af*^ v^A-*..A /*//

^-, ^

» )

.,,*«*

( 76 )

The following ii my Anfwcr vo the Speech of the
Half- King ;

•* To the Half King, and to the Chiefs and Warriors
of the Shajjanefe and Loups our Friends and Brethren. I
received your Speech by Brother Bucksy who came to us I
with the two young Men Hk Days after their Departure
from you. We return you our greateft Thanks, and our
Uearts arc Bred with Love and Affedlion towards you, in
uratitudr for your conftant Attachment to us, as alfo your |
gracious Speech, and you; wife Counfels.

This young Man will into: m you, where he found a
fmall Part of our Army, making towards you, clearing |
the Roads for a prtrat Number of our Warriors, who are
ready to follow u :,' with our great Guns, our Ammuni-
tion and Frovifions. As' I delight in letting you know
with fpced the Thoughts of our Heart, I fend you backj
this young Man, with this Speech, to acquaint you there-
with, and the other young Man 1 have fcnt to the Gover-
nor of Virginia^ to dv!t -cr him your Speech and yourl
Wfmpum, and to be an hye-witnefsofthofe Preparation?!
we are making, to come \x\ all Haflte to the Afliflance of I
thofe vhofe Intered is as dear to us as our Lives. Wcf
know rh? Charadler of the treacherous Frf»fi>, andouij
Condud ih.i!I plainly (hew you, how much we have it atj
* Heart. I Ihall not be fatisfied if I do not fee you before I
all our Forces are met together at the Fort which is in thel
Way ; wherefore, I defire, with the greateft Earneftnefs,!
that you, or at lead one of you, would come as foon as|
pofTible to meet us on the Road, and to.iffift us in Council.
I prefcnt you with thefe Buhches of Wampum, to aflur.el
you of the Sincerity of my Speech, and that you mayj
remember how much I am your Friend' aud Brother.'*

Signed, Washington,

r or CONOTOCARIOUS *.

April 28. Came to us fome Pieces of Cannon, whiel
were taken up to the ^louth of Patter/en's River.(^

^ . ' (Troml

, . '.:";■:'' ' * I

^ * This was without Doubt an I/rJlau Name that Major ff^a^ingto»\

had taken, to pleafe (hofe hdiam which he wanted to delude.

^ tX'^MP -vvvvtt- L^t^^^> ■fff^l^ (^tt-^i^^i^V^v^i

J I

Speech of the

ts and Warriors 1
id Brethren. I '
who came to us I
their Departure
rhanks, and our
towards you, in
5 us, as alfo your |

ere he found a
ds you, clearing!
arriors, who are
I, our Ammuni"
ctting you know i

1 fend you backl
quaint you therc-
"cnt tothcGover-
>pcech and your|
hofc Preparations

the Afliftance of I
our Lives. Wc •

French, and ouii
luch we have it at
lot fee you before I
art which is in thel
cateft Earneftncfs,!
\ come as foon asl
ifijft us in Council.!
impum, to affurcl
ind that you may|
aud Brother.'*
Wash?ngton,
otocarious *.

of Cannon, whicl

•fen's River.^

(FromJ

that Major Wa^ingttn\
ited to delude.

i. t-t^-v

4jf,^i/J^\jL^

♦en.

^'V'^

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iUi^,

mmS'Jri

(Frorr
jjournal (
Ijequencc.
Maytl

commaiK
jOrdcrs t
land his t
|bourhoo(
|l alfo ore]
laboiic, A
[the reft,
llearn wl
Idefirous
■down an
Ivenient I
I we coulc
WalfKii
Iwe were
Ithc Fren
Ito do *,
Ithe leaft
The]
I where w
Ito foitl i
I up to th
Then
Jjng us, I
jred Mer

out in a

marchin
iCarelitta

TwoH

+ Mr.

I Je yumon

three otli

WaflfingU

•Ifth

[Time; ii

Qrderi w

-?^w

wmmmmmffipmKK

( 77 )
(From the 29th of Jpril, to the nth of Mayy thai
Ijournal only contains Marches, and Things of little Con-
Ifcquencc. )

May the nth. Detached^ Party of Twenty-five Men,
jcommanded by Captain Stfvens and Enfign Peronie^ with
jOrdcrs to go to Mr. G//?'s, to enquire where La Force t,
land his Party were ; and in cafe they were in the Neigh-
Ibourhood, to ceafe purfuing and to take care of then>felves.
Il alfo ordered them to examine clofely all the Woods round
labout, and if they ihould find any Frenchman apart from
Ithe reft, to feizc him and bring him to us, that we might
llearn what we could from him ; We were exceedingly
Idefirous to know, if there was any Poflibility of fending
Idown any Thing by Water, as alfo to find out fome con-
jvenient Place about the Mouth of Red-StonC'-Credcy where
Iwe could tJuild 4 Fort, it being my Defign to falute the
IHalfKingy and to fend him back under a fmall Guard ;
Iwe were alio defirous to enquire what were the Views of
Ithe Frencby what they had done, and what they intended
Ito do *, and' to colled every Thing, which could give i&
|lhe lead Intelligence. <n

The 1 2th, Marched away, and wentonarifing Ground,
jwhere wehaltcd to dry oiurfelves, for we had been obliged
Ito ford a deep River, where our (horteft Men had Wartcr.
I up to their Arm -pits. j '

I There came, an Exprefs to i^s with Letters, acquaint"
ling us, that Col. Fry, with a Detachment of One Hund-
Ired Men and upward?, was at Wincheflery and was to fee
lout in a few Days to join' us j as^alfo, that Col. Innis v/is

marching with Three Hundred and Fifty Men, raifcd in
[Carolina ; that it wais expected Maryland would raifc

Two Hundred Men,- and that P^»»i5'''y<M«/a had raifed
r • •' ■ '.-rv - . Ten

t Mr. t/e la force was one of the frenchmen who accompanied Mr- ,
\ie JumonwUe, and about the Beginning of M'iy, was fent out witji
three oCasx frenchmen znd (ome InJians, afur Dcferters, and Major
Wafi>ington had Knowledge of this from the InMans.

• If the Englifi were ignorant of the DeHgns of the French at that
Time ; it cannot then be faid, that their Hcftilities had occafioned ihe
Qrders which Major IVaJhingtoB had to attack them.

r'l

(

.— ^

mill III ix'maii

i.^.

% V

*:4

( 78 ) '

ten Toufand Pounds (equal to about Fifty-two tboufand
Five Hundred Livres) to pay the Soldiers raifcd in other
Colonies, as that Province turnilheth no Recruits, as alio
that Governor Shirley had fent 600 Men to harraf* the
French in Canada •, ♦ 1 hope that will give them fomc
"Work to do, and will flacken their fending (o n>any Men
to the Ohio as they have done.

The 1 6th-, Met two Traders, who told us they fled tor
Fear of the French, as Parties of them were otten feen to-
wards Mr. G/y?'s. Thefe Traders are of Opinion,* as well
as many others, that it is not poflible to clear a Road for
any Carriage to go from hence to Red- Stone-Creek.

The 17th, This Night Mr'. H^art arrived with the
young /»^M« from miliamjburg, and delivered me a
Letter, wherein the Governor is lo good as to approve of
my Proceedings, but is much dilpleafed with Captain
^rent, and has ordered him to be tried, for leaving his
Men at the Ohio : The Governor alfo informs me, that
Capt. 'Maclcay^ with an Independant Company of 100
Men, excluding the Officers, were arrived, and that wc
might cxpedt them daily 1 and that the Men from Nev)r
Ycrk would join us within ten Days.

This Night alfo came two Indians from the OhiOy
who left the French Fort five Days ago : They relate that
the French Forces are all employed in buiWing their Fort,
that it is already Breaft-high, and the Thicknefe of twelve
Feet, and filled up with Earth and Stone, 6?f. They
have cut down and burnt up all the Trees which were
about it, and fown Grain inftead thereof. The Indians
believe there were only 60Q in Number •, though they
fay themfclves they are 800 : They expeft a greater
Kumber in a few Days, which may amount to 160Q,
then they fay they can defy the Engliftt.

The 18th, The Waters being yet very high, hmdred
me from advancing on Account of my Baggage, where-
fore I determined to fct myfelf in a Pofture of Defence

' again»i

• The ^figlijb ar? ftcQ tQ atuck enicty wh?re.

to you.

■- (f*

•**s*ifW^fei^,

m^mim^'rf^/Wf"

f'tfvo Tboufani
raifcd in other
lecruits, as alio
to harrafs the
;ive them fome
I fo many Mea

us they fled for
fc otten feen to-
) pinion,* as well
[ear a Road for
me-Creek.
rrivcd with the

delivered me a
as to approve of
;d with Captain
, for leaving his
nforms me, that
ompany of lOO
:d, and thatwc
VIen from Ncvir

from the ObiOy
They relate that
ilding their Fort,
licknefe of twelve
tone, 6ff. They
frees which were
>f. The Indians
ler •, though they
ixpea a greater
amount to i6oa,

:ry high. Kindred

Ba^age, wherc-

ofture of Defence

', againfi;

cry wh^re.

( 79 ) •
againft any immc(Jiate Attack from the Enemy, -}- and
went down to obfervc the River.

The 1 9th, I difpatched the young Indian which was
returned with Mr. ff^art, to the Half King, with the fol-
lowing Speech.

TV //&tf Half King, Gff. ^'J

My Brethren^ ,

TT gives me great Pleafure, to learn that you are marching to
■^ affill me with your Counfels ; be of good Courage, my Brc
thren, and march vigoroufly towards your Brethren the Englifii
for frcfii Forces will loon join them, who will prote£l you againft
your treacherous Enemy the French. My Friends whom [fend
to you, will acquaint you of an agreeable Speech which the Go-
vernor of Virginia addrefles to you : He is ver}' forry for the bad
Ufage you have received. The great Waters do not permit us
to make fuch Hafte towards you as we would do ; for that Rca-
fon I have fent the young Men to invite you to come and meet
.us : They can tell you many Things which they have feen in
Virginioy and alfohow well they were received by the moftPart
of our Grandees ; they did not ufe them as the French do your
People who go to their Fort ; § they refufe them Provifions ;
this Man has had given him, all that his Heart could wifh: For
the Conlfirmation of all this. I here give you a Belt oifFampum.

The 20th, Embarked in a Canoe with Lieut. JVeJi^
three Soldiers, and one Indian *, and having followed the
River along about Half a Mile, were obliged to come
aihoi-e, where I met Peter Suver, a Trader, who feemed
to difcourage me from feeking a Paffage by Water ; that
made me alter my Mind of caufing Canoes to be madg ;
I ordered my People to wade, as the Waters were ihallow
enough ; and continued myfelf going down the River ia
the Canoe : Now finding that our Canoe was toofmallfor
fix Men, we flopped to make fome Sort of a Bark j with
which, together with our Canoe, we gained 1'urkey-Feot,
by the Beginning of the Night. We underwent feverat

Difficulties

t It has been feen in the foregoing Pieces, that this pretended
'Enemy had no Inclination to attack.

^ This is the only bad Ufage this pretended Half -King could com-
plain of : The French were not willing to receive in their Forts fuch
Indiatit at were perfidious and evil-minded : It may be feen in Rtbert
htbti Letter hereafter, how the French ufed the Indiont,

[9 'M

■'\

sssKe^i»iate?s.S3g?

- •**»&!- ta»&'^-

8/.

■ \ 1 ( to ) ' -.^

bifficultics about eight or ten Miles from thence, though
of no great Confequence, finding the Waters fometimes
deep enough for Canoes to pafs, and at other times more
Ihallow. • *

The 2 ill, Tarried there fome Time to examine the
Place, which we found very convenient to build a Fort,
not only becaufe it was gravelly, but alfo for its being at
the Mouth of three Branches of fmall Rivers : The Plan
thereof, which may be feen here, is as cxaft as could be
done, without Mathematical Inftruments.

We went about two Miles to obferve theCourfe of the
River, which is very ftrait, has many Currents, is full of
Rocks, and rapid ; we waded it, though the Water was
pretty high, which made me think it would not be diffi-
cult to pafs it with Canoes.

We alfo found other Places where the Wafer was rapid,
but not fo deep, and the Current fmoother ; we eafily
pafled over them-, but afterwards we found little or fcarce
any Bottom : There are Mountains on both Sides of the
River. We went down il.c River about ten Miles, when
at laft it became fo rapid as to oblige us to come afhore.
' {From the zid to the i/^tb^ the Journal contains only a
Difcription of the Country.)

The 24th, This Morning arrived an Indian, in Com-
pany with him I had font to the Half King, and brought
me the following Letter from him.

V. To any of his Majejlys Officer i wham thefe may concern.

AS 'tis reported that the Frtnch Army Is fct out to meet M.
George IVaJhingion, I exhort you, my Brethcrn, to guard
againft them ; for they intend to fall on the firft Engitjh they
meet H ; they have been on their March thefe two Days ; the
Half King, and the other Chiefs, Will join you Within five
Days, to hold a Council, though we know not the Number we
(hall be. I ftiall fay no more j but remember me to my Brethren
theEngliJh.. Signed, 37)* Half-King.

II Obferve the Craft of this Mian ! It has been proved that M. dt
Contrccoeui- tarried at Fort Ju i^tefne j as to Mr. de Jumanniille, this
cannot concern him, feeing he did not fetou'. bsfore the 23d, and hit
Inilru£lians have been already feen.

me.

»«»'«***k.

««««H^,"«lS*<atW»r=-'S>««^^te»^'5»*S8SKp^

thence, though
atcrs fometimes
ither times more

to examine the
:o build a Fort,
) for its being at
ivcrs : The Plan
ica£t as could be

theCourfeof the
irrents, is full of
b the Water was
3uld not be diffi-

Vafer was rapid,
lother i we eafily
nd little or fcarce
30th Sides of the
ten Miles, when
to come afliorc.
al contains only a

Indian^ in Com-
4g, and brought

e may concern.
:l out to meet M.
Brethcrn, to guard
e firft Englljh they
:fe two Days ; the
n you within five
ot the Number we
me to my Brethren
he Half-King.
I

en proved that M. dt

. de Jumonnjille, this
fore the 23 J, and hii

EU'

( 82 )

■«■

*.,/•

I Examined thofe two young Ind'iam in the bed Man-
ner I could, concerning every Liicumftance, but was noC
much the better fatisficd.

They fay there are Parties of them often out, but they
do not know of any confidcrable Number coming this
Way. * The French continue raifing their Fort, that Part
next to the Land is very well inclofed, but that next to
the Water is much nrglefted, at Jeaft without any De-
fence • They have only nine Pieces of Cannon, and fome
of them very fmall, and not one mounted. There are
two on the Point, and the others lome Diftance from the
Fort next to the Land.

They relate that there are many fick among them, that
they cannot find any Indians to guide their Imall Parties
towards our Camp, thefc Indians having refufed them.

The fame Day at Two o'clock, we arrived at the
Meadows, where we faw a Trader, who told us that he
came this Morning from Mr. G(/?'s, where he had feen
two Frenchmen the Night before ; and that he knew there
was a ftrong Detachment out, which confirmed the
Account we had received from tht Hal/ King: Wherefore
I placed Troops behind two natural Intrcnchments,
where our Waggons alfo entered.

The 25th, Detached a Party to go along the Roads,
and other fmall Parties to the Woods, to lee if they coii-ld
make any Dilcovery. I gave the Horfe-men Orders to
examine the Country well, and endeavour to get fome
News of the French, of their Forces, and of their Moti-
ons, 6ff.

At Night all thefe Parties returned, without having '
difcovercd any thing, though they had been a great way to-
wards the Place from whence it was faid the Party was
coming.

The 26th, Arrived William Jenkins ; Col. Fry had
fenthim with a Letter 4r(jfnfCol. Fairfax, which informed
me, that the Governor himfelf, as alio Colonels Corbin
and Ludwell, were ai^rived at IVincbeJltr, and were defir-
ous to to fee the Half King there, whereupon I fcnt him
an Account thereof. M The

♦ A new fro.f of the f alfehood ot this Letter.

tf-^H^wtiiiiaitffifyttiS j;-^

'iiiMiri^iii'"^"'f' "•""

,,.,^^ir^'<'m;^!^''!si!r»i/m^'^pfli^^^'*''

f #

I
I:

nm*m > » ' n t >nm ■

( 82 )

The 27th, Arrived Mr. G(/?, early in the Morning*
who told us, that Mr. la Force^ with fifty Men, whof-
Tracks he had feen five Miles off, had been at his Plan-
tation the Day before, towards Noon -, and would have
killed a Cow, and broken every Thing in the Houfc, if
two Indians^ whom he had left in the Houfe, had not
perfuaded them from their Defign ; I immediately detach-
ed 6s Men, under the Command of Captain Hog^ Lieut;
Mercery Enfign PeroniCy three Sergeants, and three Cor-
porals, with Inftrudlions.

The French enquired at Mr. GiJi*Sy what was become
of the Half King ? I did not fail to let the young Indians ^
who were in our Camp know, that the French wanted to
kill the Half King i and that had itsdefiredEffeftt- They
thereupon offered to accompany our People to go after
the French^ and if they found it true that he had beert
killed, or even infulted by them, one of them would pre-
fently carry the News thereof to the Mingoes^ in order to
incite their Warriors to fall upon them. One of thefd
young Men was detached towards Mr. Ciji*s ; that if he
ihbuld not find the Half King there, he was to fend
a Msflageby a Delaware.

About eight atJEight, received an Exprefs from the
Half Kingy which intornied me, that, as he was coming
to join us, he had feen along the Road, the Trafls of two
Men, which he had followed, till he was brought thereby
to a low obfcure Place-, that he was of Opinion the whole
Party of the F^-ench was hidden there. That very Mo-
ment I fent out Forty Men, and ordered my Ammuni-
tion to be put in a Plafce of Safety, under a flrong Guard
to defend it, fearing it to be a Stratagem of the French to
attack our Camp -, and with the reft of my Men, fet out in
a heavy Rain j ahd in a Night as dark as Pitch, along a
Path fcarce broad enough for one Man -, we were fome-
times fifteen or twenty Minutes' out of the Path, before
we could come to it again j and f6 Hark, that we would

' ' ' often

' t Major Waftiington, it feemi, did nttfirHfU $9 mak* ufi^tf an Im-
fofturt, far hire ht takti Pridi in it. • -.

often ft

tinued <

at the ]

with the

them to

where t\

Ground

for an E

the Indii

them, a:

upon 1 01

by that c

ctived th

Part of

Hour, b

Weki

Party, a:

Twenty-

Drouillon

and took

marched

Camp, wl

there infc

him, and

that, he c

eminent a

uponf;
Nations,
He fent a
and gave
young Ni
were allot
be kept f
to his owi
on them s

S Thertfi.

* Major ;^
But the Ett^

t Allthti
itattatkcd,

le Morning*
Men, whof-
at his Plan-
1 would have
he Houfc, if
ufe, had not
liately detach-
ti Hog^ Lieut;
nd three Cor-

it was become
roung Indians
neb wanted to
IfFeaf. They
lie to go after
It he had beert
:m would pre-
«, in order to
One of thefe
(i*si that if he
ic was to fend

jrcfs from the
he was coming
Trafts of two
rought thereby
nion the whole
i'hat very Mo-
ray Ammurii-
i ftrong Guard
■ the French to
^en, fet out in
Pitch, along a
ve yitfc fome-
Path, before
hat we would
often

vai* ufiif an Im-

^ ny * " >^

( 83 )
often ftrike one againft another : All Night long we con-
tinued our Rout, and the 28th, about Sun-rife, we arrived
at the Indian Camp, where, after having held a Council
with the Half Kingy it was concluded we (hould fail on
them together ; fo we fcnt out two Men to difcovcr
where they were, as alfo their Pofture, and what Sort of
Ground was thereabout; after which, we formed ourfelves
for an Engagement, § marching one after the other, in
the Indian Manner : We were advanced pretty near to
them, as we thought, when they difcovered us ; where-
upon I ordered my Company to fire j mine was fupported
by that of Mr. fTager^s, and my Company and his re-
ceived the whole Fire of the French^ during the grcateft
Part of the Aftion, which only lafted a Quarter of an
Hour, before the Enemy was routed.

We killed ? Mr. deJumonvilU^ the Commander of that
Party, as alfo nine others } we wounded one, and made
Twenty-one Prifoners, among whom were M. la Force, M.
Brouillony and two Cadets, The Indians fcalped the Dead,
and took away themoft Part of their Arms, after which we
marched on with the Prifoners and the Guard, to the Indian
Camp, where again I held a Council with the Half-King ; and
there informed him, that thcGovernor was dcfirous to fee
him, and was waiting for him at fVinchefter \ he anfwercd
that, he could not gojuft then, as his People were in too
eminent a Danger from the French, whom they had fallen
upon •\ ; that he muft fend Meffengers to all the allied
Nations, in order to invite them to take up the Hatchet.
He fent a youngDelaware Indian to the Delaware^ ation^
and gave him alfo a French Scalp to carry to them. This
young Man dcfired to have a Part of the Prefents which
were allotted for them, but that the remaining Part might
be kept for another Opportunity ; He faid he would go
to his own Family, and to feveral others, and would wait
on them at Mr. Gift's, where he defired Men and Horfes

fliould

^ There/ore ctrtain it it that the Engliih hadOrdert ta attack.

• M(i/»r;Walliington takes Care here, not to give a faithful Account:
I "But the Eri^eaveur he makes tojuftify himfelf, •will be feen hereafter.
I t All their Fear was from the French, becaufe they knew tbiy had
vt atta (ktJ, and thtj wiuld certainlj rfvenge (hemlelvti.

.*..

<;^raAii;iliia»r *l»MinW»Mfc-irfrt'gliSliir fiirift

•f<ry,yi ii— «r ^« j|ll |i ii np » »l»^ |I H II J

( 84 )

(houW be fent ready to bring them up to our Camp.
Afcirr this I marched on with the Prifoners •, they infermtd
me that they had been jent with a Summons to order me t$
depart. A pUufible Pretence to difcover our Camp !U and
to obtain the Knowledge of our Forces and our Situation!
It was fo clear that they were come to reconnoitre what wc
were, that I admired at their Affurance, when they told me
they were come as an Embafly •, for their Inftruftions
mentioned that they (hould get what Knowledge they could
of the Roads, Rivers, and of all the Country as far ai
Potoivmack : And inftead of coming as an Embaflador,
publicity, and in an open Manner, they came fecretly, and
fought after che mod hidden Retreats §, more like Dcfer-
ters than Embaffadors in fuch Retreat they incamped, and
remained hid for whole Days together, and that, no more
than five Miles from us : From thence they fent Spies to
rtonnoitre our Camp \ after this was done, they went back
two Miles from whence they fent the two Mcflengcrs
fpuken of in the Inftruftion, to acquaint M. de Contrecour
of the I'lace we were at, and of our Difpofition, that he
r ight fend his Detachments to inforce « the Summons as
fton as it Ihould be given.

uefidcs, an Embalfador has princely Attendants j
wliereas this was only a fimple petty French Officer ; an
Fmbaffidor has no Need of Spies, his Charaftpr being
alwiys f icred i And feeing their Intention was fo good,
•wh/ d d the/ tarry two Days, at five Miles diftance from
us t, without acquainting me with the Summons, or, at

l.aft,

II Then I find that the enlv Hofiility the French can bertproached of,
is, the endeavouring to difcover an E tie my 'who ivat marching •wilt
Orders to attack them.

^ Why this Afology in a hare Journal ? Major Walhington onlj
mf/fitou fuch Reproaches, at knoiung others have a Rigtt to reproach
him in the like Manner.

* A Schtnie is here attributed to the French, tuhich howevfr, declarii

only regular Procit i gs. It was proper to fummon the Englifli to dfpart

from ike 'Territories they had invaded, before ever Force ivas uffd. h

is the Bufinefi of an Emhufador to make that Summons, and he muft ali\

I «. quaint the Peijon nuho fends him, nuith tjuhattver is dene, that if in Cajt

. tie Englifti had refufed tofatisfy his Demands, he might take hit Mea/itri.

'•eiccordiiigly.

t Mr. dc Jumonville krww not tba tbt Englifli ifiirtjivt Millet of>

r fr t.'.i ^^ 'iamnT- -' ■imijiiiart-'-"-'-"" ■-'*'''^ m^u-v^hmtf^^i^bsiaimtsimm

ip to our Camp,
i v They informed
tj to order me t$
our Camp !|, and
nd our Situation!
onnoitrc what wc
hen they told me
their Inftruftions
/ledge they could
!ouniry as far ai

an Embaflador,
ame fecretly, and

more like Dcfer-
ey incamped, and
^nd that, no more
:hey fent Spies to
le, they went back
e two Mcflengc-rs
■.M. de Contreccur
ifpofition, that he
• the Summons as

:ely Attendants \
rencb Officer ; an
5 Character being
ition was fo good,
liles diftance from
Summons, or, at
l.aft,

h can be reproached of,
'9 nvas marching •witi

lajor Walhington cnlj
ve m Right to reproach

vhich hoiuevtr, declarit
\on the Englifli to dffari
ver Force ivai uffd. h
\mmonf, and he muJI aid
er ii done, that if in Cajt
I might takt his Mea/un

h ititrtfivt Milks of.

^•mmif^'mimffimmmm

mmnm ^ \ i inmi i

( 85 )

Iraft, with fomcthing that related to the Embafly } That
alone would be lufficic-nt to rji(e the g' eatcft Sufpicioni,
a id wc ought to do them the Jullicf to fay, that, asthc/
wanted to hide thcmfi'lvcs, they could not pick out better
Places than they had done.

The Summons was fo infolcnr, and favoured the Gaf-
connade fo much, that if it had bcin brought openly by
two Men, it would have been an immediate Indulgence,
to have fuffered thc.Ti to return §.

It was the Opinion of the Half -King in this Cafe, that
their Intentions were evil ||, and that it was a pure Pre-
tence •, that they never intendfd to come to us but ai
Enemies •, and if we had been fuch Fools as to let them
go, they would never help us any more to take other
Frenchmen.

They fay they called to us as foonasthey had difcovercd
us i which is an abfolute Falfhood, for I was then march-
ing at the Head of the Company goirg towards them, and
can pofitively affirm, that, whv.n they fird faw us, they
ran to their Arms, without calling •, as I mud have heard
them, had they fo done.

The 29th, Dilpachcd Enfign Lateur to the Half-King^
with about Twenty-five Men, and almoft as manyHorfes i
and as 1 expefted fome French Parties would continually
follow that which we had defeated, 1 fent an Exprefs to
Colonel Fry for a Reinforcement.

After th\s the French Prifoners defired to fpeak with me,
andaflcedmcin what Manner I looked upon them, whether
as the Attendants of an Embaflador, or as Prifoners of
War : I anfwercd them that it was in Quality of the Lat-
ter, and gave them my i^eafons for it, as above.

The 3oih, Detached Lieutenant ff^eji, and Mr. Spin-
dorphy to take the Prifoners to fVincheJiefy with a Guard
of Twenty Men.

Began to raife a Fort with fmall Pallifadocs, fearing that
when the Frencb^^ovAA hear the News of that Defeat,
we might be attacked by confidcrable Forces.

June

\ Jttother Kind ojExcu/t luhicb only Jhit/us his Rimorfi,

I What Jutborily f^ ,• . /, '

■4Me-¥:ksi'i&^^i' i

.vtt^isMmmi^aimmijltiim

^*^ik_-

It. !

• ( 86 )

Junt the ift. Arrived here an Indian Trader with the
Half- King : They faid that when Mr. de JumopvilU was,'
ient here, another l^arty had been dctaclitd towards thcv'
lower Hart of the River *, in order to take and.HiH aII the
Engli/h they fhould meet.

Wc are finilhing our Fort. . , ^.

Towards Night arrived ^nfign T'cwers, with the Half-
^'"Jf* Qi>fen/^/^«/y)<;§, and about Twenty five or Thirty
Famihes, making in ail about Eight or One Hundred I'er-
fons, including Women and Children. The old King f
being invited to come into our Tents, told me that he had
fent Monakatoocha to Log*% Tcun, with Wampum, and
four French Scalps, which were to be fent to the Six Nations^
to the fViendots, ^c. to inform them, that they had fallen
upon the French^ and to demand their Afliftance.

He alfo told me he haiUbmething to fay at the Council,
biit would ftay till the Arrival of the Shawanefe, whom
wfe cxpedted next Morning.

. The 2d, Arrived two or three Families of the Shawanefe :
yJt had Prayers in the Fort.

,. . The 3d, The Half-King aflembled the Council, and
informed me that he had received a Speech from Grand-
Cbaudiere, in Anfwer to the one he had fent him.

The 5th, Arrived an Indian from the Ohio, who had
lately been at the French Fort : This Indian confirms the
News of two Traders being taken by the French, and fent
to Canada j he faith thry have fet up their Paliifadoes, and
fcnclofed their Fort with exceeding large Trees.

Thei'e are eight Indian Families on this fide the River,
"dorhirig to join us : He met a Frenchman who had made
hisEfcapein the Time of M. deyumonville's Aftion, he
was without either Shoes or Stockings, and fcarce able to
icalk i howe\rer he let him pafs, not knowing we had fallen
upon them.

The 6th, Mr. Gifl is returned, and acquaints me of the
fafe Arrival of the French Prifoners at mnchefier, and of
the Death of poor Colonel Fry. It

§ An Indian Squaw created a ^een
t Amtbir Indian Chief.

tiri f fi^'*^'^'^'^'''-^'*"^''

• An egregiaut Faljhoad,
h *kt Engliih.

'»'.

Pradcr with tFic
Jumo^vilU was.(
It'll towards the* '
: und.^ill ullthc

, with the Half-
f five or Thirty
'Hundred I'cr-
^hc old King f
I me that he had
Wampum, and
the Six Nations^
t they had fallen
Tiftancc.
^ at the Council,
%'wanefey whom

"the Sbawanefe :

le Council, and
;h from Grand-
cnt him.
OhiOf who had
an confirms the
renchy andfent
i^ailifadues, and
rces.

Ide the River,
who had made
le's Adion, he
fcarce able to
)g we had fallen

laints me of the
cbe/ier, and of

wcreattd a Sluttn
bttf. •

( 87 ) ".

It gave the Governor great Satisfadion to fee the French
Prifoncrs fafcly arrived at IVtncheper.

I am alfo informed that, M r. Montour f, is coming with
a CommifTion to command Two Hundred Indians.

Mr. Gift met a French Deferter, who aflured him, that
tl^ey were only Five Hundred Men, when they took M/,
Jf^ari*s Fort, that the/ were now lefs, having (ent Fifteen
Men toCanada^ to acquaint the Governor of their Succefs;
That there were yet Two Hundred Soldiers who only
waited for a favourable Opportunity to come and join us.

The 9th, Arrived the laft Body of the Virginia Regi-
ment, under the Command of Colonel A/«y?, and we learnt
that the Independanc Company ot Carolina was arrived at
IVills-Creek.

The 10th, I received the Regiment, and at Night had
Notice, that fomc French were advancing towards us
whereupon I fent a Party oi Indians upon the Scout towards
G/)?*s, in order to difcoverthem, and to know their Num-
ber : j uft before Night we had anAlarm, but it provedfalfc.

The 1 2th, Returned two of the Men, whom we had
fent out Yefterday upon the Scout •, they difcovered a fmall^
Party of French \ the others went on as br as Stuart* s.
Upon this Advice, I thought it neccflfary to march with
the major Part of the Regiment, to find out thofe Ninety'
Men, of whom we had Intelligence, Accordingly I gave
Orders to Colonel Muftt to put away all our Baggage and
Ammunition, and to place them in the Fort, and fet a
good Guard there till my Return ; after which I marched'.
at the Head of One Hundred and Thirty Men, andabou^^
Thirty Indians i but at the Diftance of i^alf a Mile, 1 met*
the other Indians ^ who told me, there were only nine.
Deferters j whereupon I fent Mr. Montour, with fome feyr^
IndianSy in order to bring them fafe to me ; I caufed theni
to bcdred, and they confirmed us in our Opinion, of th|^'^
Intention o(M.de Jumonville^i Party ; that more than One,'
Hundred Soldiers were only waiting for a favourable Op-'

portunity

t Tbu is the Canadian-Deferter, mintiontd in tit E^aminAtitH ef

ff ! m nm u fffflffmmiff

in ii <>iii . ii i y «w . li ^lM f I ij [^. <|pwwi<)t|l!i

-' 1.

( 88 )

portunity to come and join iis •, that M . de Co»trecour\
expcdted a Reinforcement of Four Hundred Men ; that
the Fort was compleated j and its Artillery a (hcjter to
its Front and Gates ; that there was a double Pallifadoc
next to the Water ; that they have only eight fmali Pieces |
of Cannon ; and know what Numb.-r of Men we are.

They alfo informed us, that theDJaw/jr^and Shawafteje^\
had taken up the Hatchet againft us j whereupon, refolved
to invite thofe two Nations to come to a Council at Mr.
Gr^'s. Sent for that I'urpofe Meflengers and Wampum.|
The 1 3th, Perfwaded the Df^ferters to write the fol-
lowing Letter, to thofe of their Companions who had an|
Inclination to Defert §.

(It is not in the Journal.)*
The 15th, Set about clearing the Roads.
16th, Set cut for Red-Stofie-Cree kyind were extremely |
perplexed, our Waggons breaking very often.

1 7th, Difpatched an Exprefs to the half-King, in order toj
perfwade him to fend a Meffage to the Loups \ which he did.l
■ 1 8th, Arrived eight Mittgoes from Loifioity who at theirl
Arrival told me of a Commifllon they had, and that al
Council muftbe held. "When weafTembled, they told uil
very Ihortly, that they had often defired to fee their Brc-T
thren out in the Field with Forces, and begged us not to
take it amifs, that they were amongft the French, and
that they complied with fome of their Cuftoms ; nstH
withftanding which they were naturally inclined to fall upon
them, and other Words to that Purport : After which
they (aid, they had brought a Speech with them, and defired
to deliver it with Speed. Thefe, and other Difcourfes t(\
the fame Purpofe, made us fufpefl that their Intention
towards us were evil ; wherefore I delayed giving then
Audience until the Arrival of the Half-Kingy and defired
idfo the Delawares to have Patience till then, as I onW
waited their Arrival to hold a Council, which I,«tpeded

woui(l

I Thii was an EffeO of tht Iniignatton that tht Murder of Mr,
Jomonville, had caufed.

\ How canfucb I'rocuding bejujlifod f

'■i^^mssmi'^

^TT- — n

hat M. de ContrecouA
liindred Men •, that
Artillery a fhciter to
iS a double Pallifadoel
*nly eight fmaliPiccei
tr of Men v/e are.
'aware and Sbawanejtl\
i whereupon, refolvcdl
to a Council at Mr.|
;ngers and Wampum,
ters to write the fol-
nnpanions who had an I

irnal.)

e Roads.

'k, and were extremely

very often.

e/yfl//K/«^, in order to|
le Loups i which he did.
m Loijion, who at their

they had, and that a
aflfcmblcd, they told u$i
iefircd to fee their Brc
, and begged us not t(
longft the French, am
F their Cuftoms -, ml
ally inclined to fall upoi
Purport : After whic
b with them, anddefirc
and other Difcourfes i
&. that their Intentio
: I delayed giving the
Half-King, anddefirci
;nce till then, as I on!
uncil, which Lexpedc
woul

en that tht Murdtr of Mr.

would be
conferred
Wampiin
livery ot {

I it nectffar
When
Audience
ACoui

|the//^//-i
Shawanejt

I The Speake}

Breth
\TJ/'Eyou
you^

all your Bre

therefore v.
\cut in Piece
I tlure be any
I upon it as p

very well h.

upon us thai
\the Truth tl.
TFe inou
leur B'ethre
\this Belt, t
\expe£i^ and
\tack the Fre
land know ai

Breth
IVy^E are
I ^ quici
lof your All
the French,
Fal (hoods I
{vantage ; tl

II // may i
that Repraac
IWdfhington

lians, can
I*/' of-

tN«»

' C 89 ) .

would be that fame Day. After the eight Mingoes had
conferred a while together, they, fent mc fbme Strings of
Wampum, defiri-g me to excufe their infifting on the De-

I livery ot their Spi cch fo fpeedily, that they now perceived
it neceffary to wait the Arrival of the Half King.

When the Half-King arrived, I confented to give them

I Audience.

A Council was held in the Camp for'tha'. t'urpofe, where

I the Half-King^ and feveral of the Six Nations^ Loups and

\Shawanefey to the Number of Forty, were prefent,

vThe Speaker of the Six-Nations direaed the following Speech to the
Governor e/" Virginia.
Brethren,

\JJ/'^ your Brothers of the Six Nations, are now come to acquaint
you^ that we have bien informed ynt threaten to dejlroy entirely
\all your Brethren the In^tMM^ who wilt not join you on the Road;
wherefore we who keep in our own Towns , expei'l every Day to be
\cut in Pieces by you. IVe would defire to know from your Mouth., if
\th:re be any Truth in that Information., and that you would not look
\upon it as prepojierous., that we are come to enquire into it., ftnce yon .
\very well know., that bad News commonly makes a deeper Impreffun
\upon us than good; that we may be fully fatisfied ly your Anjwers of
\the Truth thereof we give you this Melt of 'Wim'^tum.
I IFe know //{"f French will ajk us at our Return, cf what Number :
I tar Brethren are whom we went to fee f Therefore we defire you, hf
\this Belt, to let us know it, as alfi the Number of thofe whom you
\txpe£l.t and at what Time you cxpeSl them., and when you reckon to at"
\tack the French, tijat we may give Notice thereof to our Town^ and
uindknow alfo% what wejhidl have tj tell the French.

ANSWER.
Brethren,

iVfTE are very glad to fee you, and forry that Aich Reports dif-.
' ^^ quiet you : The EngiiJ}} do not intend to hurt you, or any
of your Allies ; this News, ure know, muft have been forged by
he French, who areconftantly treacherous, affertingthe greateft
•'aKhoods II whenever they think they will turn outto their Ad-
vantage ; they fpeak v.rell, promife fine Things, but all from'the

N Lips

II // may be judged bywhat has been before mentioned, <wbo «j/? dejirve

^at Reproach, /A* French or the Englilh. 7he Jmpofiuretvhich Major

iWdfhington covfrffelh he had Reeeurfe to, in order to irritate the in-

i'lns, can give a clear Idea »/ the Meatis tnhici the ^ngViHi madt/
\>feof.

• \ . -

,^*'%^,<,

~rn-»T

( 90 )
Lips outward; wl.ilfi their Heart is corrupted and full of venomou«
P.aioii. You have been tluir Children, and ihey would hav«
done every Thine tor you, but they no fooncr thought themfelves
ftroiv'onou>h, tiian they returned to theirnatural Pride, and
drove'yo" off from your Lands, declaring you had no Right on
thcO/;/«*. li\c E%ljh, your real Friends, are ten generous,
to think of ufmor the Six Nations^ their faithful Alhcs, in like
Manner; when you -made your Addiels to the Governors of
rirglnia and Pemfylvania, they (at your repeated Requcft) fent
an Jrmy to maintain your Rights t; to put you in the PoHeflion ot
your Lands, and to take Care of your Wives and Children, to
difpoffefs the Fiefuh, to fupport your Prerogatives, and to make
that whole Country furc to you ; for thofc very Ends are the
En^ii/h Arms adlially employed ; it is for the Safety ot your
Wives and your Children that we fight ; and as this is the only
Motive of our Conduft, § we cannot reafonably doubt of being
joined by the remaining Part of your Forces, tooppofe the com-
mon Enemy. , , r i.

Thole that will not join us, ftiall be anfwerable, for what-
ever may be the Confequence ; wc only defire you. Brethren,
to chuie that Side which (lull feem moft agreeable tothem.

The Indians of the Six Nations are thofe, who have the moft
Intercft in this War ; for them it is that we fight ; and it would
greatly trouble mc to do them theleaft Hurt : We have engaged
in this War, in order to affift and protcdt you ; our Arms are
open to receive you, and our Hands ready to ndiirifh your Fami-
lies during the Courfe of this War. The Governor of f^irginia
has often d?fired they might be fent to him, that he might fee
them in Perfon, nourifli and cloaththem according to their oM^n
Defire ; but as you could not be determined to fend them to
him, we are ready to ftiarc in a friendly Manner, all our Provi-
fions with you, and fliall take fuch Meafures, and give fuch
' Orders,

• // is true that the Indians o/the Six Nations l>a<Ve never iuhabitti
the Borders of the Ohio ; neither do they pretend any Right to them ;
iut the Englifti ivhot in America, treat them as Friends and J/liei,
nueu/d/ain fer/ivade them, that the Borders of the Ohio belong t*
the Six Cantona, under a Pretence of fame ancient Wars that thefe bai,
•With the Indians on the Ohio. Jndin Europe they infift, that Country
belongs to England, and pretend that the Indians of the Six Nations
; are its Sutjeffs.

t Hire the Englifti confefs, that Country is none of their s ; of tvbet
i Hejlility <an they then reproach the French ? // 'would more become ihi
> Indians 0/ the Six Nations to complain ; yet they do not.

^ So ! This is the Reafon of the H'ar a-ainji the FfCUch, Proteait^
due to the Six Nations, ijuho never complained.

:mM^i.»^:mmM,-

Orders, th
and Childr
more the i
than the F
and in you
Sufpence,
tion ; and
while, fct
Hatchets,
fiafHes.

The Pre
fiderable as
tity of Goo
ward thofe
this Occafii

Be 01 go
make it fu
your Heart!
Sentiments
Virginia.
prefent you

The 2C

"When I
being in 1
why, they
French at

I anfwe
were com(
Sword in J
Poffeffion
from then

And as
Quality of
to come I
gether witl

• The gr
Country lubi
that the Six
•u-'ith the Re
them?

t TheUt
no Credit to ,
them, that t

4'^ip'wiw''

full of venomouj
ihey would hav«
ought themfelves
tural Pride, and
had no Right on
ire ten generous,
jI Allies, in like
the Governors of
ted Requcft) fent
n the Pofleflion of
and Children, to
I'cs, and to make
fery Ends are the
he Safety ot your
IS this is the only
jly doubt of being
ooppofe the com-

erable, for what-
re you. Brethren,
able to them,
rho have the moft
ght ; and it would

We have engaged
lU 5 our Aims are
noiirifh yourFami-
jvernor oi Virginia

that he might fee
>rding to their oM^n
d to fend them to
ner, all our Provi
:es, and give fuch
Orders,

ha<0e never inhabltti
any Right t» them ;
t Friends and AlliiU
■ the Ohio belong t»
' Wars that thefe bai,
'eyinjiji, that Counlr)
s of the Six Nations

t of their s ; of ixht^
Kould mare become lh\
9 not.
bt French, Pnteait

' 9f|W f^^Wjp-

( 91 )

Orders, that enough fhall be b,ought to mnlnfain your Wives
and Children. Such a Conduct will cvid^-ntly .)ro.'c how much
more the Enalijh love and eflccm their Allies i\\^Slx Naiins »,
than the French do ; as we have drawn ihcSwoid in yourt aufc,
and in your Defence, delay not one Moment, be no more m
Sufpence, but put your Wives and Children under our Protec-
tion i and they fliall find Plenty of ProvifioHs; in tne mean
while, fct your young Men and your Warriors to Iharpen their
Hatchets, in order to join and unite with us vigoroufly in our

The Prefent, my Brethren, which I offer you, is not fo con-
fiderable as I could wifh, but I expect in a ihort Time a Q^ian-
tity of Goods, which are to be at inv Difpofal, in order to re-
ward thofe who (hall have (hewn themfelves biave and adive on
this Occafion ; however, Uhall recompenfe them moft generoufly.

Be o( good Courage, mv Brethren, deliver your Country, and
make it fure to your Children ; let me know the Thoughts of
your fiearts on this Affair, that I may give an Account of your
Sentiments to your great Friend and Brother the Governor of
Virginia. In order to allure you of my Sincerity ^nd Efteem, I
prelcnt you ihis Belt.

The 20th, The Council ftill continued.

When the Delawares knew that they were fufpefted of
being in the French Intercft, they demanded the Reafon
why, they had been fent for, and what they fhouid tell the
French at their Return.

I anlwered them, it was to let them know, tliat we
were come at their reiterated requefts to alTift them with
Sword in Hand f 1 that we intended to put them in the
Pofleflion of thofe Lands which the French had taken
from them.

And as they had often demanded our Afliftancc, in
Quality of our ancient and faithful Allies, I invited them
to come and place themfelves under our Proteftion, to-
gether with the Women and Children^

Whereupon

* y*^ graftd Argument of the Englilh in Europe, to ajfume the
Country which lies on the other Side of the Apa.\»c\iian Mountains, is,
that the Six Nations are their Suhjeas : How can we reconcile that,
•with the Reafoniugs they hold -with the Six Nations when theyfpeak to

t The Delawares at that Time were in the French IntereH ; and gave-
no Credit to the Difcourfe of the Englifh, who endeavoured to\ fer/wodi
them, that tbtf were only com* at thfir Rtjueft.,

,>>.. :%■

^■-^ li{

.'%iJto*'**i^^

. -iii:™.-

»i»»"»»Wlpi|

«pp

( 92 )

Whereupon the Indian Speaker ftretched out his Blan-
kt t on tne h loor, and laid feveral Belts and Strings of
Wampum thcrebn, in the fame order he had received them
from the French This done, he repeated *the Speeches
ot M. de Cvntrecour % •, after which, the Delaware Speaker
diredcd to me the iollowirg Speech.

Brethren, _

CrHE 6\u.-;wri 0/ Virginia AW'-ZPennfylvama; JVe ywr Bre.
J- tbrtn, the D<\i^^itit^ remnna perjfealywdl the 'i reap of
Luirton. tvhcre yiiu at,d your Unjei the Six-Nations, connd.nng
the bad Siluution we wae in, fur tuant ef a Man to he our Leader,
you then gave uiaKing, a>id told us, he Jhuid t-anjad all tur pM-
M Afain be'.ween ycu and u>*\ you gave us a Charge, not to lijten
to every v.iin Report that might be Spread, hut to aufult ourjelves,
and to do, what would feem to us^ to be right: l^e ajure you, that
we ha -Jt given m Credit to any of thofe Reports, nor ever fhall ; but
w'dl beguiled by you, our Brethren; and by our Uncles the Six Na-
tions : And will do, enallOaa/ms, ivhat is jujl and right, taking
Jdvice from you 'alone. To ajure you of the Dtjtre we have to fulfil
tur Engagements with sou, we prefent you this Belt.
■ , After which they made the tpllowing Difcourfe, to the Six-
Nations. • f »•
Uncles^ Thirteen Days are now paft fmce we have received this
Belt from the Onondago Council ; I do not doubt your knowing it:
They tjfhorfed us to remmber old Times, when they cloathed us with
a Robe reaching down to our Heels ; afterwards told us, toraifeit up
to our Knees, and there to make it veryfajl, and come to them at tht
//Wfl/Sufquehanna, where they had provided a Place for us tt
live i that they had alfofent a Speech to thofe of our Nation, who live
near the Minifinks, inviting them to go to the Place by them appoint-
ed, that they might live with us : They alfofent us a Speech, to give
us Notice that the Englifti and French were upon the Point ef coming
to an Engagement on the River Ohio, and exhorted us to do nothing
in that JunSiure, but what was reafonable, and what they would tell
us themfelves. L^Mv, They recommended to us, to keep faji Holi
cftht Chain of Friend/hip, which hasfo long fubftfled between us and
them ; and our Brethren the Englifli. A Belt. ^
Then the Delawares fpoke to the Shawanefe as follows :

*« Grand
( yiaioxlJqfhington does not relate in his Journal, what thofe Speeches
■ ofthe/r<f«f-&, were? He had, noibubt, goot Reafons to conceal
*them.

^» Could it be from this pretended King, the EngUfi had made fuck
**^Pufchafei. ? <

:j,^i ^eJ >m ^mm ' * * tim ^ ^. ii^fr JH^ ^

d out his Blan-
and Strings of
d received ihem
;d^the Speeches
daware Speaker

i; TFeyiur Bre-
jell the Treaty of
itions, confidtriHg
n to be our Leader^
anjad all sur pub'
arge, not to lijien
< cov.fult ourfelves,
Ve (ijitre you, that
tor everjhall ; hut
Uncle i the Six Na-
'landrigkty taking
re we have tofuifil
It.
jurfe, to the Six-

have received thit
ht your knowing it :
jey cloathed us with
told us^ to raife it up
d come to them at tot
i a Place for us tt
tr Natitfty who live
'ace by them appoint-
us a Speech^ to give
n the Point of coming
jrted us to do nothing
what they would tell
, to keepfaji Holi
hftjled between us a)ti

A Belt.
mefe as follows :

** Grani
, what thofe Speeches

Reafons to conceal

fgiifi had made fuck

""■"!^« ',,«!£!«!",'?»"" '• ■r-'^mmmmmrn'm

" Grand Sons., by this Belt., we take you between our Armsy and
fetch you away from the Ohio, where you now are., to carry you
amon^Jl us^ that you may live where we live, and there live in Ptact
and ^iiet.

The Council after this was adjourned to the next Morning.

The 2 1 ft, Met very early, and I fpoke firtt to the Dihwcns
in the followins' Manner. . _

»' Brethren,

BY your open and generous ConduiEl on this Occafion, You
have made yourfclves dcaier to us than ever ; we return
you our Thanks, that you did not g > to lenango, when the
French firft invited you there ; their treating you in fuch a childilh
Manner, as we perceive they do, raifc s in us a jult and ftrong
Refentment : They call you their '• hildren, and Ipeak to you,
as if you in reality were Children, and had no more Under-
handing than fuch.

Conuder well my Brethren, and compare all their Difceurfc,
and you will find that all it tends to, is to tell you, I am going
to open your Eyes, to unftop your Ears, and fuch like Words
to no Purpofe, only proper to amufe Children. You alfo obferve
Brethren, that if they deliver a Speech, or make a Promifc,
and confirm it by a Belt, they imagine it binds them no longer
than they think it confiftent with their Intercft to ftand to it.
They have given one Example of it ; and I wil! make you
obferve it, in the Jump which they fay they have made over the
Boundaries, which you had fet them ; which ought to ftir you
up my Brethren, to a juft Anger, and caufe you to embrace the
favourable Opportunity that we offir You, as we arc come, at
your Requeft, to affift you, and by Means of which, you may
make |hem Jump back again, with more Speed than thejr
advanced. A String of JVmnpnm.

The French are continually telling you, not to give Heed M
the illReports that are told you concerning them who are your
Fathers, If they did not know in their very Souls, how richly
they dcferve it on your Account, why fliould they fufped being
accufed ? Why Ihould they forwarn you of it, in order to hinder
you from believing what is told you concerning them ? With
Regard to what they tell you of us, our Conduft alone will
anfwer in our Behalf : Examine the Truth yourfelves j y«u
know the Roads leading to our Habitations, you have lived
amongft us, you can fpeak our Language ; but in order to
juftify ourfelves from whatever might be faid againft us, and
aflure you of our brotherly Love ; we once more invite your old
Men, your Wives and your Children, to take Sandluary under

eur

j*ft-

'\LM.imisMl

, k

■ >^-a(8a^*^-4ri '."tn#'^ima

ri ' lUH t iiim ij^Mjy^jl^jggy^

^tr^'

fMi

( 9+ )

•ur Proteillon, and between our Arms, in order to be plentifully
fed, whilft your Warriors and young Men join with ouis, and
cfpoule together the common Cau^ie. A String of Wampum.

Brethren, we thank you with all our Hearts, tor having de-
clared pnto us, your Refolution of accompliHiing the Er^'a|rc-
ments which you had entered into, at the Treaty of Lu'tjltin §,
and we can do iio otherwife than praife your generous Condudb
with Regard to your Grand Sonv the Shauianejt ; it gives us
infinite Pleal'ure.

We are greatly obliged to the Council given you by Onondaga^
charging you to hold taft the Chain of r ricndUiip by which we
are bound ; I dare fay, that had he known, how nearly you are
interefted in this War, or that it is for the Love of you, and at
yourRequetl $, we have taken up Arms, he would have ordered
you to Declare and to a£l immediately againil the Common
Enemy of the Stx Natlom. in Oidcr to aflure you of my Affec-
tion, and to conhrm the Truth of what 1 have fiid, 1 prefent
you thefe Ttvo greet Strings."

After this, the Council broke up, and thofe treacherous Devils,
who had been fent by the French as Spies, returned, though not
without fome Tale ready prepared to amufe the Ftench, which
may be of Service to make our own Deligns fuccccd.

As they had told me there were Sixteen Hundred French,, and
Seven Hundred Indians on their March, to rcinfoce thofe at the
Garrifon, 1 peri'waded the Hiilf King to UnA three of his Men to
inquire into the Truth of it j though I imagined this News to be
only Soldiers Difcourfe \ thefe Indians were accordingly fent in a
fecret Manner, before the Council broke up, and had Orders to
go to the Fort, and get what Information they could from all
the Indians they fliould meet, and if there was any News worth
while, one f of them (huuld return, and the other two continue
their Rout as far as Venango^ and about the Lake^ in order to
obtain a perfect Knowledge of every Thing.

I alfo perfwaded King ShingaSy to fend out Rangers towards
the River, to bring us News, in Cafe any French (huuld come ;
I gave him alfo a Letter, which he was to fend me back again
by an Exprefs, to prevent my being impofed upon by a falfe

^'^^'»' Though

$ W&at this Treaty of Loifton tan he, no one knotus ; this Journa
makes it appear, that it <was convened by a Man whom the Englifti gave
themf»r a King, and of Confequence they ivere veryfafe.

% Why Jo often repeated ; Major Walhington tuas certainly in Doubt
0s to the Delawares giving any Credit to it.

t // was by the Means of thofe Indians, that the Englilh had a Com-
mnnicatien <witb Stobo the Spy, vihofe Letter will befeen hereafter y

Though
not be pc
through th
thclefs gav
us in whai
Method w
vitc all thol
from their
take privat
ceed, thou

The ver
a trufty D
French Del
Inflrudion
feveral Ar(
^t Fort n
and cannoi
are about.

I alfo pc
take a Vic\
proper Infl
with Speet

Prefent 1;
Mr. Monti
the Half-h
Meadows
our own P

As it ha
Speech, th
young Me
Croghan.

'Tts but
by your Br
Order to J
thren^ Im
encamp wit
cotocha, 1
ftred Effei
prefent you

As tho
very inquii
by what '^
we expciSi
the Road;

ayt H r i ' »^? yi^t-Tawi-

' to btf plentifully
I with GUIS, and
ng of IVampum.
S tur having de-
ling the tr^^agc-
eaty of Lr.ijhn §,
jencrous Condudb
nejt ', it gives us

you by Omndago^
(hip by which we
w nearly you are
ic of yoii, and at
ould have ordered
nrt the Common
you of my AfFec-
ve fjid, 1 prefent

greet Strings."
each irous Devils,
rncd, though not
he Ftenchy which
:cccd.

lid red French, and
nfocethofe at the
»ree of his Men to
d this News to be
:ordingly fent in a
ind had Orders to
ey could from all

any News worth
:her two continue
laitf in order to

Rangers towards

tch (huuld come ;

id me back again

upon by a falfe

Though

notus i this Journa

}m the Engiiih gave

fafe.

\ ctrtainlf in Deuit

Snglilh iaJ a Com-^
efein hereafter.^

( 95 )

Though King Shingat, and others of the DelatuareSf couW
not be pcrluaded to retire to our Camp with their Families,
through the Fear they were in of Oi.oni/a^o's Council, they ncvcr-
thelefs gave us ftrong Aflurancesof their Affiflance, and dire<iied
us in what Manner to adl, in order to obtain our Defirc : the
Method was this; we were to prepare a great War- Belt, to in-
vite all thofeWarriors who would receive it, to a£t indepcndantif
from their King and Council ; and King Shingas promifed to
take privately the mod fubtil Methods to make the Affair fac-
ceed, though he did not dare to do it openly.

The very Day the Council broke up, I pcrfwaded Kaquthu/Itn,
a trufty Delaware, to carry that Letter to the Fort which the
French Deferters had written to their Comrades, and gave him
Inflrudtions how he ftiould behave in hi* Obfervations, upon
feveral Articles of which I had fpolcen to him ; for I am ccriatn
t'^e Fort may be furprized, as the French arc encamped outfidc,
and cannot keep a ftridt Guard, by Reafon of the Works the/
are about.

I alfo perfwaded George^ another, tru/ly Delaware^ to go and
take a View of the Fort, a little after KaquehuJloHy and gave him
proper Inftrufliors, recommending him pariicularly tu return
with Speed, that we might have frefli News.

Prefently after the Council was over, notwithftanding all that
Mr. Montour could do to difiwade them, the De/awares, as alio
the Half-King, and all the other Indians, returned to the Great
Meadows ; but though we had loft them, I ilill had Spies of
our own People, to prevent being furprifcd.

As it had been told me, that it I fent a Belt oi Wampum and a
Speech, that might bring us back both the Half-King and his
young Men ; accordingly I fent the following Speech by Mr.
Croghan.

'Tu but lately fmce we were affemhled together j we were fent here
hy your Brother the Governor of Virginia, at your own Requefi^ in
Order to fuccour you., and fight for your Caufe ; wherefore my Bre-
thren, I mujl require that you and your young Men ctme to join and
encamp with us, that we may be ready to receive our Brother Mona-
cotocha, whom I daily expeSi : That this Requefl may have its de-
fired Effe£I, and make a fuitable Impreffton upon your Minds, /
prefent you with this String of Wampum.

As thofe Indians, who were Spies fent by the French, were
very inquifitive, and aflccd us many Queftions in order to know
by what Way we propofed to go to theF^ort, and what Time
we expedted to arrive there ; 1 left ofFvvorking any further at
the Road; and told them we intended to keep on acrofs the

Woods

>SLji.^^^^M,«M — •.nSLS^.ti^i^. ^

f.-jitM ife.

^^^ , x^^f. — ■■.. •.■-i^--^|-, -n^^,jfci 00r'*

->*•

-w

mil iijKiHvvip^ , III. ftw^mm^imrp*

ptwic ■'**%--i

( 96 )

Woods as far as the Fort, falling the Trees, (^c. That
we were waiting ht-re for the Rcinfortcment which was
coming to us, our Artillery, ana our Waggons to
accompany us there 1 but, as foon a.s they were gc.ic, I
fet about marking out and clearing a Road towards Red-

The 25th, Towards Night cam^ three Men from the
Great Meadows, amongft whom was the Son of Queen

He brought me a Letter from Mr. Crogharty informing
me what I'ains he was at to perfwadeany Indians to come
to us ; that the Half-King was inclined, and was preparing
to join us, but h^d received a Blow which was a Hindrance
to it. I thought it proper to fend Captain Montour to
Fort-Necejity, in order to try it he could, poflibly, gim
the /»(//d»j to come to US:

The 26th, Arrived an Indian, bringing News that
Monacotoocha, had burnt his Village (Loifton) and was
gone by Water with his People to Red-Stone, and may
be expedled there in two Days, This Indian pafled clofc
by the Fort, and aflfurcs us, that the French had received
no Reinforcement, except a fmall Number o\ Indians,
who had killed, as he iaid, two or three of the Dela-
mares. I did nut fail to relate that Piece of News to the
Indians in its proper Colours, and particularly to two of
the Delawares who arc here.

The 27th, Detached Captain Lewis, Lieutenant Wag'
gbener, and Enfign Mercer, two Serjeants, two Corpo-
rals, one Drummer, and Sixty Men, in order to endeav-
our to clear a Road, to the Mouth of Red-Stone-Cretk
on Monaungabela,

NUMB

Tht

ARR

ot which

At my
had madi
Indfans of
of whi'h 1
to depart

Aslwa
Nations,
de Contreci
M. le Mir
very well
dcrs.

M.deCo
and myfel
done in th
the Enem
my Broth
between tl

The 28
Provifions
Ten in thi
out fome
being furp

I poftec
of the Ri'
of taking
demanded
I'uitable t(
Rout was

iAM,ie^m.LMii:

es, t^c. That
)ent which was
Waggons to
r were goic, I
I towards Red-
Men from the
Son of Queen

han, informing
ndians to come
I was preparing
as a Hindrance
ain Montour to
poflibly, giin

ing News that
,oifton) and was
Stone, and may
lian paded clofe
\cb had received
bcr of Indians^
•ce of the Dela-
of News to the
ilarly to two of

Jeutenant IVag
Its, two Corpo-
Dfder to endeav-
Red-S tone-Creek

NUMB

wm>^'

' t

(

NUMB

IX.

ne ]0\]K^AL of M.Dg Villiers.

June the 26th.

AR R I V E D at Fcrt du ^.tffne about eight in vh«
Morning, with t!ie fcvcrai Nations, theComniantl
o[ which the General had given me.

At my Arrival was informed, x\\x^M.deContrecotur
had made a Det.\chmenc of 500 trench, and thvcn
Indfans of ditkrent Nations, on the Ohio, the Command
of whi 'h he had given to Chevalier le Mercier, who wai
to depart the next Day.

As I was the oldeft Officer, and commanded the Indian
Nations, and as my Brother had hccn aflalTinated §, M.
dc Contrecoeur honoured me with that Command, and
M. le Mirckr, though deprived of the Command, ftcmcd
very well plcafed to make the Campaign under my Or-
ders.

M.deContrecoeur called MefTieurs le Mercier, de Longueil,
and myfelf, in order to deliberate upon what fhould be
done in the Campaign, as to the Place, the Strength of
the Enemy, the AflafJination committed by them upon
my Brother, and the Peace we intended to maintain
between the two Crown*.

The 28th, M.de Contrecoeur gave me my Orders, the
Provifions were diftributed, and we left the Fort about
Ten in the Morning. I began from that Inftant, to fend
out fome Indians to range about by Land, to prcveni
being furprized.

I ported myfelf at a fmallDiftance above the firft Fork
of the River Monaungahela, though I had no Thought
of taking that Rout. I called the Indians together, and
demanded their Opinion. It was decided, that it wa»
fuitablc to take the River Monaungabela^ though th«
Rout was longer.

S Mr. JvMOMVILIiB. '

■»- -

» *

'k.

If.

MifUM^i

♦t--

» W iii i HH Pi mi I » i^ii .mf '

li-. ',

( 98 )

The 29th, Mafs was fuid in the Camp, after which
we marched with the ufual Precaution.

30th, Came to the llangnrdX^ which was a fort of a
Fort built with Logs, one upon another, well notched
in, about 30 Foot in Length, and 20 in Breadth \ and
as it was Utc, and would not do any Thing without
confulting the IndianSy 1 encampd about two Mulket
Shot from that IMacc.

At Night I called the Sachems together, and we con-
fulted upon what was the belt to be done,for the Safety of
our Pcttiaguas, and of the Provifions, we left in rcferve,
as alfo what Guard fliould be left to keep it.

July the firft, put our Pettiaguas in a fate Place j our
Effe(5ls, and every I hing we could do without, wc took
into the Haugard; where I left one good Serjeant, with
Twenty Men, and fomc fick Indians. Ammunition wa$
afterwards diftributed, and wc be^an our March.

At about Eleven o'Clock, wc dilcovered fome Tracks,
which made us fufpeft wc were difcovered.

At Three in the Afternoon, having no News of our
Rangers, I fcnt others, who met thofc fent before, and
not knowing each other, were near upon exchanging
Shot, but happily found their Miftake. They returned
to us, and declared to have been at the Road which the
Engli/b were clearing •, that they were of Opinion no
Body had been that Way for three Days : We were no
longer in Doubt of our Proceedings being known to the
£nglijh.

The 2d, We marched at Break of Dayy without wait-
ing the Return of our Rangers. Afjer having marched
Ibme Time, we flopped •, tor I was refolved to proceed
no further, until I had pofitivc News j wherefore I fent
Scouts upon the Road. In the mean while, came fomc
of thofe Indians to me, whom we had left at the Han-
gard\ they had takcfi a P'rifoner, who called himfdf •
pcferter : I examined, and tWeatned him with the Rope*
if he offered to impofe upon me. I . learned that th^

li - Englijb

; ' . } Thti Hangard had been biilt by wc Englijk,

II I ' I H W H I J I

' I" I I i j .j r iu

w^^im

p, after which

tva& a fort of a
, well notched
Breadth i and
Ihing without
It two Mufket

r, and we con«
or the Safety of
: left in rcferve,
:cp it.

ate Place ; bur
:hout, we took
Serjeant, with
[^munition was
r March,
d fome Tracks,
rd.

o News of our
;nt before, and
on exchanging
They returned
Load which rhe
of Opinion no
: We were no
g known to the

y without wait-
laving marched
vcd to proceed
therefore Ifent
lie, came fome
eft at the Han-
died himfdf a
with the Rope*
sarned that the
Englijb

f 99 )

En^f^lijh had left their Po(t, in order to rejoin their Fort,
and that they had brought back their Cannon.

Some of our l^VopIc fiiuling that the Etij^lijh had a»
bandoncd the Camp, we went thereto, and I fent lome
Men to Icarch it throughout \ where they found fevcral
T(K)ls, and other Utenfils hidden in many iMaccs, which
I ordered them to carry away : As it was late, I made
the Dc't.ichment encamp there.

I examined th* Englijlmcin a fecond Time, fomctimei
terrilying him, and at other Times giving him Hopes
of Reward. I imparted all he told me to the Indians^
as alfo of my Refolution, iwt to cxpofc them raflily.
We had Rain all Night.

The joth, at Kreak of Day, I prepared for my De-
parture. 1 defired the Indiafis to provi«le me fome Scouts.
The Weather was inclining to Rain ; but I forcfaw the
NecefTity of preventing the Enemy in their Works.

We marched the whole Day in the Rain, and I fent
Scouts one after another. 1 ilopped at the IMace where
my Brother had been aflaflinatcd, and faw there yet fome
dead Bodies.

When I came within three Qiiarters of a League from
the Englijh Fort, I ordered my Men to march in Co-
lumns, every Officer to his Divifion, that I might the
better difpofc of them as Neccfi'ity would require.

I fent Scouts, and gave them Orders to go clofe up
to the Camp, Twenty others to fullain them \ and I
advanced in Order. My Scouts loon informed me, that
we were difcovered, and that the Engliflj wer^oming
in Battle-Array to attack us i and that they were very
near us : Upon which I ordered my Men in aPofture fui-
table for a Bufli Fight. It was not long before I perceived
that my Scouts had milled me, and ordered the Troops
to advance on that Side where we expeded them ta
attack us.

As we had no Knowledge ot the Place, we prelentcd

our Flank to the Fort, when they began to fire upon us ;

and almoft at the fame Time, I perceived the EngUfii on

•Pi the

*" "f iiMi^ i; , ' ift V iM r iVii II >»«Mj<

Pi. •

■ C io<5 )
the Right, in order ot Battle, and cdlhlng towards us.
The Indians^ as well as ourfclves, fet up a great Cry,
and advanced towards them ; but they did not give us
Time to fire upon them, before they (hdttred themfelves
ki an Intrenchment, which ivas adjoining to their Fort :
Atter which, we aimed to invcft the Fort, which was
advantageoufly enougli fituated in a Meadow, within a
Mufket Shot from the Woods. We drew as near them as
poflible, that we might not expofe his Majefly's Subjcfts
to no Purpofe. Tne Fire was very brifk on both Sides,
and I chofe that Place which Teemed to me the moft
proper, in Cafe we fliould be cxpofed to a Sally. Wc
fired lb fmartly, as to put out (if I may ufe the Expref-
ficn) the Fire of their Cannon with our Mufket-Shot.

Towards Six at Night, the Fire of the Enemy increafed
with more Vigour than ever, and lafted until Eight.
We brilkly returned their Fire. We took particular
Care to iccure our Pofts, to keep the Englijh fall up in
their Fort alt Night •, and after having fixed ourfclves in
the beft Pofition we could, we let the Evvlijh know, that
if they would fpeak to us, we would itop firing. They ac-
cepted the Propofal. There canr-e a Captain to the Place
■where I was : 1 fent M. le Merckr to receive him, and
J went to the Meadow, where I told him, that as wc
were not at War, we were very willing to fave them from
the Cruelties to which they expofed themfelves, on Ac-
count of the Indians s but it they were ftubborn, we
^ould take away from them all Hopes of efcaping}
that w^|j|onfented to be favourable to them at prefcnt,
4J "iXe were come only to revenge my Brother" s AJjhJfmctiony
and to oblige them to quit the Lands of the King our
Mailer •, and we agreed to grant them the Capitulation,
whereof a Copy is here annexed. We confidered, that
nothing could be more advantageous than this Capitula-
tion, as it was not proper tQ make Prifoners in a Time
of peace. We made the Englijb confent to fign, that
they had afTaflinatcd my Brother in his own Camp. We
had Hoftages for the Security of the French wix> were in

d cothing towards us."
, fet up a great Cry,
C they did not give us
7 flidttred therr^fclves
joining to their Fort :
; the Fort, which was
I a Meadow, within a
e drew as near them as
his Majcfty's Subicfts
y brifk on both Sides,
mcd to me the moft
lofed to a Sally. "Wc
I may ufe the Expref-
h our Mufkct-Shot.
Df the Enemy increafed
id laded until Eight.

We took particular
) the Engljjh faft up in
iving fixed ourfclvcs in
the Evflijh know, that
d itop firing. They ac-

a Captain to the Place
y to receive him, and
told him, that as we
lling to fave them from
ed thcmfelves, on Ac-
ley were ftubborn, we
1 Hopes of efcapingi
le to them at prefcnt,
y Brother's AJjajftnctioni
ands of the King our
them the Capitulation,
We confidcred, that
ous than this Capitula*
ke Prifoners in a Time
' confent to fign, that
n his own Camp. We
the French who were in
A their

(« roi )
their Power •, we made them abandon the King's Coun-
try i we obliged them to leave us their Cannon, con-
fiiling of nine Pieces •, wedeflroyed all their Horfcs and
Cattle, and made them to fign, that the Favour we
granted them, was only to prove, how defirous we were
to ufe them as Friends. ||

That very Night, the Articles of Capitulation were
figned, and the two Hoftages I had demanded, were
brought to my Camp.

The 4th, at Break of Day, I fent a Detachment ta
take Poflcflion of the Fort i the Garrifon filed off, and
the Number of their Dead and Wounded, moved me
to Pity, notwithftanding my Refentment for their having
in luch a Manner, taken away my Brother'^ Life.

The Indians^ who had obeyed ray Orders in every
Thing, claimed a Right to the Plunder ; but I oppufed ^
it : However, the Englijb being frightened, fled, and
left their Tents, and one of their Colours. I demolifbcd
their Fort, and M. U Mercier ordered their Cannon to
be broken \ ^ alfo the one granted by Capitulation, the
Etiglijh not being able to carry it away.

1 haftened my Departure, after having burlled the
Calks wherein was their Liquor, to prevent the Difordert
which would have certainly happened- One of my Indians
took ten Englijhmen^ whom he brought to me, but 1 fent
them back again by another.

All I loft in this Attack, were, two Men killed, and
one Pany -f , Seventeen wounded ; two wher«of are /«-
dians^ cxclufive of a Number 16 (lightly wounded, as to
ha"e no Occnfion for the Surgeon. ,

We tnarchei that Day about two Leagues, and I
detached fome of my Men to carry on Litters thole wh«
were badly wounded.

The 5th, aboyt Nine, I apved at the Camp which
the Englijb had abandoned : I ordered the Intrenchment
to be demolilhed, and the Houfes to be burnt down ; and
alter having detached M. de ia Cbauvignerie to burn thfc

Houfst ,

•#-., ifei.^*

t Tbi Name cf an Imbiak.

■if"

Urn

^xm

"^aaaaj^igariitiTTLiai^^iJBi^^

•j-S*^

n i . ii wj i

^uw«)«rii*v. I'lif'tf'"

p# •/.

li f

Houfe^ round about, I continued my Rout, and incamp.
ed three Leagues from thence.
- The ^th, departed early in tre Morning, and arrived
about Ten at the Hangard.

We put our Pcttiaugis in order j viftualled the De-
tachmenfn carried away the Keferve of Frovifions which
we had left thtrc, and found fcveral Things which the
Englijh had hidden ; after which I burnt down the Han-
gard. We then embarked, and kept on till about fix at
Nighr,Vvhcn I was obliged to incamp ip a very great Rain.
. The 7th, Continued my Rout, alter having detached
"M^de la Chavignerie to acquaint M. de Contrecoeur of the
Succefs of owr Campaign. Faffing along, we burnt
down all the Settlements we found •, and about four o'
Clock I delivered my Detachment to M. de Contrecoeur.

CAPITULATION granted by Mr. de Villiers,
'^ Captain and Compander of his Majejifs Irocps^ to thoft
$ Englilh Troops aSiually in Fort-NccefTity.

July the 3d, 1 7^4, at 8 o' Clock at Night.

AS our Intentions have never been to trouble the
Peace and good Harmony fubfifling between the
two Princes in Amity, but only to revenge the AflafTi-
nation committed on one of our Officers, bearer of a
Summon, as alfo on his Efcorte, and to hinder any
Eftablifhment on the Lands of the Dominions of the
King my Mailer : Upon thefe Confiderations, wc are
Willing to ftiew Favour to all thcEnglifh who arc in the
faid Eort, on the following Conditions, ijiz.
A R T I C L E I.
We grant Leave to the Englift) Commander, to retire
Vrith all his Garrifon, and to return peaceably into hit
own Country •, and promife to hinder his receiving any
Infult from us French } and to reftrain, as much as fliall
be in our Power, the Indians that are with us.

II.
It Ihall be permitted him to go out, and carry with
Wm all that belongs to them, except the Artillery, which
wc refervc. ~ - , III. That

That wc
they nfiarcl
Gun, beir
treat them

That as
the Englijh

That T<

of French \
take PoiTcl

As the I
are at Libe
and fearch
fufficient t(
may have '
they give tl
any Buildii
the Mount

And as
two Cadet
AfTafTinatic
them back
on the Ohit
de as well
Robert Stob
Hoftages,
above men
to give an ]
and exppd
at fartheft.
of the Pofl
mentioned.

Sigm

t, and incamp.

ig, and arrived

tualled the De-
rovifions which
ings which the
down the Han-
tit! about fix at
ery great Rain,
aving detached
tttrecoeur of the
)ng, we burnt
I about four o'
. de Contrecoeur,

4r. de Villiers,
Iroop^ to thoft

Clock at Night,
to trouble the
ng between the
nge the Affaffi-
s, bearer of a
to hinder any
ninions of the
-ations, we are
who arc in the
•uiz.

ander, to retire
aceably into hit
s receiving any
IS much as Khali
th us.

and carry with

Vrtillcry, which

III. That

-l-t fl/ WOt Wl

•m-

i f i "¥ "1 1 11 ' i' i ; »i |i i » l I nii wii y ii

III. ^^

That we will allow them the Honours of War; that

they march out with Drums beating, and one Swivd

Gun, being willing thereby to convince them, that we

treat them as Friends.
y IV. -V : ■'■-■•'■ . .

That as foon as the Articles are figned by both Parties,

the Englijh Colours (hall be ftruck. . , ; 5

V. * ' ■ ;.
That To-morrow, at Break of Day, a Detachment

of Frtnch (hall go and make the Garrifoinlle of, and
take Poflcflion of the Fort. •, ., ., ^ ,, . \

VI. ■ .. ^z'- ^-. ■■%
As the Englijh have but few Oxen or Horfes left, they

are at Liberty to hide their Effefts, and to come again,
and fearch for them, when they have a Number of Horfes
fufficient to carry them off; and that for this End, they
may have what Guards they pleafe ; on Condition, that
they give their Word of Honour, to work no more upon
any Buildings in this Place, or any Part on this Side
the Mountains.

VII. i: I'V^m'-'M^-

And as the Englijh have in their Power, one Officer^'
two Cadets, and moft of the Prifoners made at the
AfTallination of M. de Jumonville^ and promife to fend
them back, with a fafe Guard to F^r/ </« ^^, fituate
on the Ohio. For Surety of their performing this Arti-
cle as well as this Treaty, M. Jacob Vambrane and
Robert Stoboy both Captains, (hall be delivered to us as
Hoilages, till the Arrival of o\xc French and Canadians
above mentioned. We oblige ourfclvcs on our Side,
to give an Efcorte to return thefe two Officers in Safety ^
and expie£l: to have our French in two Months and a Half
at fartheft. . A Duplicate of this being fixed upon one
of the Polls of our Blockade, the Day and Year above
mentioned. James Mack aye,

G. Washington, '
Signed, Mejfrs. Coulon, Villiers.'

NUMB.

';}

i«i=--'«««ai!«a3Bsa5«HHBP»<*»r

,, i i,~ i» Hl n igDi f WfffWiipiP

wj i i ii nni wipm^www

mii fii mni i ii i jiww

Ir i

tr^

•f.^ ;'-r^'' !f>-^^. numb! X.

f%e Tranflation «/" a Letttr written ^7 Robert Stobo, «*]
Fort du Quefne, 'uoho was one oj the Hoftages given
■for a foithfut Performance of the Capitulation granted t»

. the Engliih '■rrocps commanded by Major Walhington.

• gjj^. ' . I,. July the iBth, 1754.

AN ' Indian called tufquerera John, brought here a I
Pic<^ of News, which has greatly alarmed the
Jnaians oflis River : He laith that the Ualf-King, M-
naquahiha, and a Chief of the Shawanefe, &c. to the
♦Number of Thirty-feven, have been taken by the EngliJhA
and carried away as Prifoncrs. He related alfo, that
Jobm Mainot, alias, James Cork, of Montour's Company,
had told him. that the Thirty-feven Indians were to be
»11 hanged, as foon as they had reached the Englifb In-I
habitants, and advifed him to make his Elcape. Thii
-was very dextcrouHy reported, on the Night bcforcl
« Grand Council which was held between the ShawanefeA
the French, and the Indians, their Allies. The Frenchl
made them a long and elegant Speech, telling them, theyl
-jdid not come here to war with any Body \ but that the!
Englifh would give them no Peace ; that they were inl
Hope-v, the Indians, their Children, would not allow their
father to be infulted in his old Age-, tht neverthelcfs,!
if they would join with the Englijh, they might do it :l
But it they would take Time to confider, they wouldl
find it more to their Intcreft, to remain in Peace*. Thii|
is all 1 could learn from this Council.

The French accompanied thefe Speeches with two lar|
Belts, and two Strings of Wampum •, their Allies did
the fame. There were alfo confiderable Prefents madcJ
to wit. Sixteen beautiful Mulkets, two Barrels ot Gun-^

PowderJ

• It is therefore proved, by the EvWer.ce even of tn E>igl.Jhmu\

the rooft exafpeiated againft the French, that thefe did not flir up tM

Miam to War. Thii Condua may be compared with the Laltiana

8«btilty of the Englijk, which we f« weU repiefcBttd m the Jourwa

.■■alia i JBli*''

lUmSMh^^-:^-^*

obcrtStobo, gt\
Hoftages givcn\
ItUion granted tt\
Walhington.

28/^, 1754.

brought here a I
ly alarmed thel
Half-King, Ma-
r/f, &c. to thel
1 by the £»^/(/?',|
lated alfo, <ni\
our\ Company,
ians were to be|
1 the Englijb In-
Elcape. Thill
le Night bcforcl
:n the ShawanefeA
IS. The i7-(r»fi|
riling them, theyl
ly i but that thel
tat they were inl
Id not allow theirl
h't nevcrthelcfsj
ey might do it:|
let, they wouldl
in Peact*. Thiil

les with two hrs
i their Allies dii
le Prefents madcJ
J Barrels ot Gun-J
FowdcrJ
'en of tn Englijh*
efe did not flir up tM
red with theCiltstndl
efenttd in the jourBrlj

■t;hr9!

Powder, B

I of Cloaths.

The Sha

! do I hear t

the Hal/-K

1 Wives and

I the Cheroke

Number at

I are very m

this News,

Nations in

cannot thi

Indians in i

I Return ; b

The Sha

I great Cour

I have per

them they

the New-S

A Prelent

be of grea

with the C

[would fucc

Xffecefftty) w

Iwe called

lof little £1

Icalled Engt

■were looke

Ifce you, ^

■Confidence

Jrother-in-

Itrufted.

On the c

Iwhich is as

vould perr

only 200 A

•UdianH
f>tfigtgn Ci

smssstiw— "w"*"

•*

Powder, Balls in Proportion, fixtecn Vety beautiiijfiuitt
of Cloaths, niany others of a lefs Value, and Blankets,
The Shawanefe made no Anfwcr at that Time, ncithci"
do I hear they have made any fince. It is affirmed thai
the Half-King^ and his Band, were killed , and that theif
Wives and ChilA'cn were delivered up to the Barbarity of
the Cberokees and Catawbas^ who are three Hundred in
Number at the New-Store. Be it fo, or not, the Indians
are very much alarmed tlwrcat } and had it not been tot
this News, you would have had many of the different
Nations in your Intereft. If it fhould be true (which I
cannot think) no Dependence can be put upon any
Indians in thefe Parts -, which will greatly indangcr out
Return i but this is not to be confiderad.

The Shawanefe^ Pickos, and Delawages*^ have held d

great Council together, but I know not the Iffue of it t

I have perfuadcd fome of them to go to you, affuring

them they would be well received, and that there was at

the New-Store^ very beautiful Prefents for the Indians*

A Prelent made in a proper Manner at this Time, might

be of great Service to us. If a Peacj could be made

with the Catawbas and Ci>erokm, I believe every Thing

would fucceed well. At the Battle in the MeadoWs f/^r/

\NeceJ/ity) we had no more than fix or/even Indians whom

jwe called ours : I believe they were Mingoes^ ftnd

lof little Ertecm in that Nation j in particular, one wat

jcalled Englijh John : He is of the Number ot thofe who

Iwere looked upon as Spies. I heard ht was to go and

Ifee you, ^ith his People : I would have you put no

IConfidence in them< 1 fend you this by Monacote0ch*%

brother- in-Law, who is st good Subjcft, and may be

Itrufted. '

On the other Hand, y«u will fee the Pkn of thefVjtti

[which is as well drawn, as the Time and Circimftances

would permit me. The Garrifon at prefent, contains

only 200 Mm, aU Tradefmcn •, the Reft, one Thoufand

hdian *l»tiofli. Hie Delmioagiet nUy be tbtlatffl wtom Majg*

yt\/htngtgn calli Dt/awartu

k>.'iif»* ■

'J'^irillliilfitiiir 1 ^ll^

'■H^'

r ^W »l' ,» i ni l|ll'

annpM

mmm^mm

•WW"*"

ti '

( io6 )

in Number, ate gone in diftcrcnc DctacVimcnts. Mr. Mef-
(ier, a good Soldier, is to leave the Fort within two Days j
then there will be on\y' ContrecotuTy with fome few young
Officers and Cadets. A Lieutenant was fent fome Days
•go with 200 Men, to get Provifions ; He is hourly ex-
pcded i artd at his Return, the Carrifon will contain
400 Men. La Force is greatly wanted here •, No more
Dircoverics are made fmce his Departure •, he is fo much
regretted, and wilhed for, thac 1 judge he was a Man
ot no fmall Account. When we entered into our Coun-
try's Service, it was expefted we would do it at the
Expence of our Lives v therefore let not People be de-
ceived j confider what may promote llic Expedition,
without the leaft Jlegard for us. For my own Part, I
could die ten Thoufand Deaths, to have the Satisfaftion
of poflefling this one Engliffj Fort only. The French are
fo proud of their Succefs in the Meadows, that I had
rather die, than hear them fpeak of it. Attack the Fort
this Fall, as foon as poffiblc •, gain the hdians to your
Side i in s Word, do the bed you can, and vou will
fucceed. One Hundred Indians who can be depended
\ipon, are capable of i furprizing the Fort : They have
Admittance therein every Day ; they can conceal them-
felves, fo as todifpatch the Guard without any Difficultf
with their Tamkanko * : 1 htn let them (hut the Door
fall, and the Fort is ours. There are at Night, only
Coiurecoeur and the Guard, in the Fort, who never exceed
Fifty Men j all the others lodge without, in Cabins that
arc round it. For God's Sake, fpeak not pt this to
many People, and let it be to fuch as you can truft.
They certainly have Knowledge here of every Thing,
and Ihould they know what I am writing, the leaft that
could befal me, would be the lofing of the little Liberty
1 have. 1 would look upon your fending me News, ai
the higheft Favour •, but make no mention of this in
your Letter, 1 befeech you to pafs by th^faults that

have

• This Word it not to be found in th^ DI^Qpar/. y bst it it tbeug^it
l»UCi^(r-if;#, Skolt-breakeii,

have crep
and beliei

P. S.
VeUware

I The Su^
do cer
buglilh, I
Secretary's
Done at Q

Superior C
Letter^ an
have been
could both
well. Doi

luStRUC

GEOi

INSIR
Edwa
Armies, y
mander of
are afbuall
levied, to
that Conti
;5th of A
As by
kift, we ha
all and ev(
«fter in Ni

'!':rtSZ!^<'&0^^'^^SZr.-.

tJSisfJI^ivmeMitt

Its. Mr. Afet-
kin two Day S}
DC few young
nt fotne Days
is hourly ex '

will contain
re i No more
tie is fo much
; was a Man
ito our Coun->

do it at the
i'cople be dc-

Expedition,
r own Part, I
le Satisfaftion
'he French are
s, that I had
ttack the Fort
idians to your
and you will

be depended

: They have
ronceal thcm-
any Difficultf
(hut the Door
t Night, only
i never exceed
in Cabins that
ot pi this to
ou can truft.

every Thing,

the Icaft that
r little Liberty
; me News, ai
ion of this in
i^aults that
have

jbiitU»tbettg}a

wtrmmH^m'mm

..i i wi i pwiinm i M i . ii mi i M

( »07 )
have crept in this Letter, which is not in the bed Order,
and believe that I am, (iff. Signed,

ROBERTSTOBO.
P. S. Shew Kindnefs to this IndiaH. Shirtgas and
DelA'jjare George^ are come here.

I The Subfcriber, em of the Superior Council of Quebec.
do certify, that I have trarftatcd the above Letter frcm
Euglilh, into French, the Original being depofited in the
Secretary* S'Office of the Governor-General 0/ New-France.
Done at Quebec, the Thirtieth <?/ September, i jc;^,
I / t^ 1 ,, .»r- »*tjj*« Signed, Perthuis.

WE the Governor-Generaly and Intendant of New-
France, do certify^ that M. Perthuis, one of the
Superior Council of Quebec, hath tranjcribed the abovt
Letter^ and that vie have heard all the Englifb Pecplewho
have been in this Town, fay, that the faid M. Perthuis
could both f peak and tranjlate the EngliOi Tongue perfeSlly
veil. Done at Quebec, the 30th '</Scptembcr, 1 755.
Signed, V aw Kiv 11 and "RiooT*

'■ ^- 'V *

NUMB. XL

IwstRucTioNS given to General B%Ar)r>0CKt h ^"
Britanniek Majefiy,

GEORGE R.

INS r RUCTIONS for our loyal and weU-beloved
Edward Brapdock, Efq-, Major-Gcneral of our
Armies, whom we have appointed pcneral and Com-
mander of all and ev«ry of our Troops and Forces which
arc aftually in Nortb-Jmericcty or may be fcnt there, or
levied, to vindicate our juft Rights and Pofleflions on
that Continent. Given at our Court, at St. James'r^ the
a^th of I^ovember 1754, and of our Reign the 28th.

As by •ur Commiflion dated the 24th of September
teft, we have appointed you General and Commander of
all and every ot our Forces, which arc or Iholl be here-
%(%tx ui Nortb'Ameriea y -*, .,*

rfe._

fm<m a rm 9*

I I ' I 'l W '

'I W P' ' I

»*•»«•«■

■IPMPX

( 108 )

In order to enable you the better to anfwer the Truft
which we have rcpofcd in you, we have thought proper
to give you the tollowing Inftruftions, viz.

J ft, We have given our moft lerious Attention (o
the Hcprerentations of our Subjefts in Nortb-yimerica^
and to the prefent State of our Colonics -, and, in order
to preleve our Juft Rights and FoflcflTions from Ufurpa-
tions, and to lecure the Commerce of our Subjefts, we
have ordered two of our Regiments of Foot, which are
row in Ireland^ commanded by Sir Peter Halket^ and Col.
Dunbar^ forthwith into America.^ and that a fuitable Train
of Artillery be alfo fent there, as alfo Tranfport Veflels
with Provifions, under 9 Convoy of a certain Number of
pyr Ships of War.

2d, As foon as you have received our prefent Inftruc-
tions, you (hall embark in one of our Veffcis of War,
and fhall let Sail for North- America^ where you fhall take
the Command of our Forces •, and as we have given
Augujius Kcppel theCharge of commanding the Squadron
of- our Ships of War in the Ltitudes of America^ we re-
quire of you, and enjoin you to maintain a perfeft In-
telligence and Correfpondencc with him, as teng as you
are employed in the prefent Service •, and we have given
the fame Orders tathe faid Commander of our Squadron,
as to the Condu<5t and Correfpondence which he is to
keep with you.

3d, And as a Number of Men will be wanting to
compleat our faid Regiments, which are to be compofe4
a^ Five Hundred, to Seven Hundred Men each •, and,
as o\ir Intentions are, that two other Regiments of Foot
1)6 alfo raifed, compofed of One Thouland Men each,
which (hall be commanded by Governor Sbirleyt and
Sir fViltiam Pepperell, (whom we have nominated to be
the Colonels thereof 5) We have given Orders, that the
^Regiment under the Command of the Former, (hall have
it!> Rendezvous at Bojion ; and that under the Command
of the Latter, ziNew-Tork and Philadelphia ; and that
pur different Governors:, /hall take proper Mcafurcs bc-
* fore-

fore-hand
have aboi
are to be
tioned, pr
Com mane)
Sir yohn
James Peti
view the 'i
fhall be m
trom Euro
mentioned
rival, cnqi
and of all
as alfo of
what Prog
ciition of (
be able to
4th, As
Corkf whic!
Provifkms
to be put i
5th, As
to provide
tenance of
our Officer
whenever t
tlicr, and
them on th
Sea v to ob
be given tl
point froiT
prefs the
oeceflary f(
raifed in Ai
be executec
fQ«fcr they
Performan
faid Cover
require.

wer the Truft
jought proper
liz.

Attentior (o
hrtb^Americay
and, in order
fronn Uliirpa-
' Subjefts, we
it)t, which are
alket^ and Col.
fuitable Train
infport Veflcls
lin Number of

irefentlnftruc-
effcls of War.
: you fhall take
e have given
5 the Squadron
mericat we re-
n a perfeft In-
as long as you
we have given
our Squadron,
vhich he is t9

be wanting to
:o be compofc4
[en each ; and^
;imcntsofFoot
ind Men each,
)r Shirley y and
)minated to be
►rders, that the
•mer, (hall have
• the Command
pbia i and that
:r Mcafurcs bc-
forc-

■ip"

f 109 )
fore-hand, to contribute as much as they pofnblycan, t*
have about 3000 Men ready to enlift for that Purpofe, who
are to be dillributcd by you in tia Bodies afure-men-
tioned, proportionable to the Recruits raifed under your
Command i Hnd as we have thought proper to detach
Sir yobn St. Claire our Quarter- Maftcr-General, and
James Petchery Efq; our Commiffary, to mufler and re-
view the Troops in America, in order to prepare all that
(hail be neceffary for the Arrival ot the two Regimenti
from Europe^ as alfo for the railing of the Forces above*
mentioned, ^ifou (hall, immediately, upon your Ar-
rival, enquire of the Governors who are neareft to you,
and of all the Gpvernors as you fhall have Opportunity,
as alfo of the Quarter-Mafter-General and CommilTary,
what Progrefs they have refpeftively made in tlic Exe*
cution of oi<r Orders above mentioned, that you may
be able to -jcX accordingly.

4th, As it was reprefcnted to us, that the Forces from
Corky which are to be under your Command, might want
Proviikms at their Arrival in America, we have caufed
to be put on board, (^c.

5th, As we have given Orders to our faid Governors,"
to provide a Quantity of freih Provifions, for the Main-
tenance of the Troops at their Arrival, and to furnifh
our Officers with whatever they (hall have Occafidn for,
whenever they are obliged to go from one Place to ano-
ther, and with every Thing that will be neceffary for
them on their March by Land) vvlien they cannot go by
Sea v to obferve likewife, and obey all Orders that (hall''
be given them by you, «teby thofe whom you will ap-
point from Time to I'ijTO, to quarter the Troops, to
prefs the Tranfports, and to provide all that fhall bc»
neceffary for as many Troops as fhall arrive, or fliall be
raifed in America. And as thefe different Services fhall
be executed at the Expence of the Governments where-
fo«rer they are, it is our Will and Pleafure, for the due
Performance of all thefe Articles, that you apply to our
faid Governors, or any one of them, as the Cafe will
require. • r ;>,■,. . . ^ 6th,

^ ft m mf m m f

■••^r

mmm

C »!• )

6th, And as we have furthermore ordered our faij
Governors to do their utmoll Kndcavours lo engage mu-
tually the Aflcmbliai of their Provinces fjieedily loraile
A Sum, ai confiderabte as they can obtain, by way of
Contribution to a common Fund, to be proviftonally em-
ployed for the general Service in Amerktt^ particularly
to pay the Charges of raifing the Troops that are to be
made Ufe of to compleat the Regiments above mention-
ed \ our Will is, that you give them all the Advice and
Alliftanceyou can, in order toaccomplifh thefe advanta-
geous Projects, inedablifhingfuch a common Fund, ai
inay be flifficient tor profecuing the Plan of that Servict
which we propofe to yiu%\ butyou Ihall beparticularlycare-
ful that no Money be given to theTroopsthat areto beun-
der your Command, except the Payments which will be
Jnade on Account of the effedtive Men who Ihall be fentyou.

7th, Having thus ordered our faid Governors to cor-
refpond and confer with you concerning all Matters
which may tend to accelerate the faid Leviea in their
rffpe«5live Governments : Wc require that yotif^id and
aflill them in the Execution of our Inftruftions \ where-
fore you Ihall not only entertain a conftant and frequent
Correfpondence with them by Letters, but (hall alfo vifjc
the faid Provinces, or fome one of them, if you think it
advantageous to our Service ; and you (halkput our faid
Governors in Remembrance to ufe all poflible Diligence,
that the Execution oiour ProjeSls be not delayed by the
Slowi>cfs of the Levies which are to be made in their r>-
/pedivc Provinces, of by the Want of Tranfpbrts, Pro-
vifions, or any other neceflaryiThing, at whatever or in
whatever Place you may judge it convenient to appoin?
Jor their general Rendezvous.

You Ihall aflemble, in order to he an AITiftance to you,
a Council of War, which w« have thought proper to
appoint, and which Ihall confill and Ihall be compofed
of yourfelf, of th: Commander in Chief ot our Veflfili,
•f fuch Govcrnc , of our Colonics or Provinces, and of

fuch

$ In order t* know thit Plan, fee bereaftor Col. NAPii»'tLe(ter,

fuch Colon
convenient
mandrr of
Majority u
tions, whic
iler your O
may have
Manner th:
%luh the J
laichtully t(

Hth, Yoi
mony and ]
Governors (
ihc Chiefs
promoting i
thofe India)
fome propc
Indian Nati^
in the fame
to vi fit the
believe) wil
order to ens
Forces in tl
Kivantageoi

9rh, You
Nature and
be granted
and Provinc
in our Inter
»cry careful
be made, by
and Ihall a
Advice, in 1
particular A

:'■■ ,.s ^itis"

t The Ordt
Hiruaioa. Thi
^uently the \a\
' m9 U« Pla

■ -aaaUiiriifc*^'

lered our faid

10 engage miN
peeilily toraile
in, hy way of
avifionally cm-
(f, particularly
I that are to be
ibove mention-
:he Advice and

thel'c advanta-
inon Fund, ai
of that Servici
irticularlycare*
lataretobeun-
t which will be
hallbefentyou.
ivernors to cor-
ig all Matters
Levies in their
lat yoil'Niid and
flions ; where-
fit and frequent
t fhall alfo vific
if you think it
iih put our faid
ible Diligence,
delayed by the
lade in their r^-
ranfpbrts. Pro-
whatever or in
lient to appoint

riftance to you,
ight proper to

11 be compofed
ot our Vefiiili,

ovinces, and of
fuch
API I »'i Letter,

^■•WilW^"

r ■ y w

■ySM*

'•*^''J

r tit )

fiich Colonels nnd other Land Officers, as fhall l^d at •
convenient Diilancc from our fiiiU General lad Com-
maiidrr of our Forces •, and with their Advice, or the
Majority ot them, you fliall determine all the Opera-
tions, which arc to be executed by our faid 1 rot.,)s un-
der your Orders, and every other important Point which
nuy have any CoiUbrmiiy thereto •, and tnat in the
Manner that Ihall be moll conducive to thole EnJs for
%hub the faid froops are deflinedt and you fliall anfwer
Uichtully to that Trud which we have placed in you.

Hth, You fliall not only maintain the moft entire Har-
mony and Friendlhtp you polFibly can, with the diffcrenc
Governors of our Colonies and Provinces, but alfo with
the Chiefs of ijji^ Jndinn Nations j and for the better
promoting and ftrcngtheningof our Corrcfpondcnce with
thofc Indian Nations, you fliall endeavour to find out
fome proper Pcrfon who is agreeable to the Southern
Indian Nations^ and fend him to them for that Purpole,
in the fame Manner as we have ordered Colonel Johnfon
to vifit the Northern Nations, as being the Perlbn (we
believe; will be received with the mod Satistackion ; in
order to engage them to takQ.Part, and X to adk with our
Forces in thole Operations %hich you think the moft
advantageous, and moft expedient to undertake. ♦

9rh, You fliall enc^uire from Time to Time, into the
Nature and Value of the cuftomary Prcfents that fliall
be granted by the Afl^emblics of our different Colonies
and Provinces, to invite and engage the llklian Nations
in our Interefl, and in our Alliance \ zttk you fliall be
wy careful, tliat a juft and faithful Diftribution thereof
be made, by fuch Pcrfons as fliall be charged therewith^
and fliall aflift thofe Perfons, giving them your beft
Advice, in the faid Diftribution. You fliall alfo give
particular Attention, that chufe Prefents on all Occafl-

„ \tr.'--ti...i^i.i\ .'?^\^>\ . OnSj

t The Orders given to Colonel Johnson n^ere long before this In-'
(ruAiofl. Therefore the Proje6l was coicorted long ago, and conie-
kuently the Invafion in the Country its«(«4 s^ the River Q^i>, eatw^
Piat9th«riaB9f ihj^tPfOje^^ .. ^

%;\

i*f! i " '^-~ "i- -•*'

.f,ii^)>mf. '':" " < ' ' '■"f i!W'''^f*^** y ' i"- """" " ""

rmm

ffmifiirnmmmr'mmmm

( m )
•ns, xvliere fcver they Ihall be ir.adc, be prudently dif*-
pofed of t as alfo, in the Cafes wherein Lieutenant
Governor Diwwiddie is concerned, with Regard to the
feid Indiansy on Account of the Sums of Money which
arc already granted in his Towns or elfewhere.

loth. As it has been reprefented to us, that the French
and the Inhabitants % of our Cerent Colonies, keep up
between them a Correfpondence,and a prohibited Trade,
you fhall diligently take all neceffary Meafures to ftop
the Continuation of fuch dangerous Pradtices \ and, par.
ticularly, that no Sort ot Provifions, fcfr. be furnilhed
to the Freneb, under any Pretence whatfoever.

We have thought it a Thing propcsF in the prcfent
Occafion, to fettle the Rank which |||to be obferved
between the Officers who are invefted with our imme*
diate Commiflions, and thofe who ferve under the Com*
miflionsofou^Governors, Cj'r.

1 2th, You will receive, here annexed, a Copy of the
Orders which we fent thc,»8th oi Juguft, 1753, to our
different Governors, wherein we enjoin and exhort our
Colonies and Provinflts in North-Americay to unite toge-
ther for their common and jnutual Defence, You will
alfo fee by our Orders of me 5th ot July (a Copy of
which is alfo here annexed) our reiterated Orders, for
the making of our faid Orders of the 48th of Augufi
1 753, to be obferved with more Force •, and that we had
the Goodnefs to order the Sum of Ten Thou/and Pounds^
to be fent inifoecie to Governor Ditmiddiey (Md to per-
mit our faid lillutenant Governor to draw for another
Sum of Ten Tboufand Pounds^ on the Conditions men-
tioned in our Order of the 3d of July laft, and fent to
the faid L.ieutcnant Governor Dimviddie, the 27th of
September following, for that Money to be employed tdf
the general Service, and to protect North-America. And

' ., the

*■
5 The King of England acknowledges Itere tbe general Law, which

keeps oa^ European Colony from going to trade with the Indians who

are fcattered on the Territories of another Colony. It is by that Law

dHit the Fi>-mi-/& had been authorized to confifcatf tbc Goods of tholil

M^gli^ who MAC to uadc oa tlM Rivtr Obi»*

*■'■*= r lir^ fKiJ--5- ^ '^ *--i**rr - -

■fJ^»jp^K'^.-<^_ ft

Ic, be prudently dif-
wherein Lieutenant
t with Regard to the
uins of Money which
or elfewhcre.
i to us, that the French
ent Colonies, keep up
»d a prohibited Trade,
fary Meafures to ftop
is Pradtices ; and, par>
tns* i^c. be furniihed
; whatfoever.
proper in the prefent
ich |||to be obferved
efted with our imme'
> fcrve under the Com*

nnexed, a Copy of the
Auguftj 1753, to our
enjoin and exhort our
America, to unite toge-
il Defence, You will
h ot July (a Copy of
reiterated Orders, for
of the 48th of Augufi
•"orce } and that we had
f Ten Thou/and Pouttds^
Dimviddiey (Hid toper-
ir to draw for another
n the Conditions men^
f July laft, and fent to
')imviddie, the 27th of
•ney to be employed t^
^ North- America. And
, the

Itere tbe general Law, which
trade with the Int/iam who
' Colony. It is by that Law
»nfircatf the Goodi of tholf

on*.

( "3 )
the fcveral other Letters of the 25th and 26th of OSlohef^
«nd of the 4th of November, to our Governors, to Sir
ll^illiam Pepper ell, and to Colonel Shirley (Copies of which
fliali be delivered to you with thefe Prefents) will entirely
acquaint you with our Orders and Iriftrudionsi which
have been lignified to ouf Governors and Officers, on
that Head ; which will Enable you to enquire how they
have been executed, and what Advantages they have
produced.

1 3th, You fliall not fail to fend us by the firft, and by
all the Opportulties that may prefent thomfelves, a clear
and particular Account of your Proceedings, and of
every Thing that (hall be cfltntial to our Service, by
your Letters to one of our principle Minifters, and Se-
cretaries oF State, from whom you will receive from
Time to Time, more ample Orders, which will be of
ufe to you for your Conduft.

IThe Subfcriber, one of thg Superior Council ff/" Qiiebec*
do certify; that I hwoe tranjlated from the Englifti int&
French, Word for IVord, the InJiruSiions from the King of
Great-Britain /(7G^«^r<!/Braddock, the Original being de^
pofited in the Secretary* s-Office of tbe Governor-General of
New- France. Bone at Qvzv.zCi the 3 0//6 <?/ September
One Thou/and Seven Hundred and Fifty f.ve. Signed,

Perthuis.

WE, the Go'vernor-GeneraU and Intcndant of New-
France, do certify, that M. Perthuis, one of tbe
Superior Council 0/ Quebec, hath tranjlated /row Englifh
into French, tbe King of Great-Brirain'j InftriiSiions t»
General Braddock, and that we have heard all the Englifh
People who halje ken in this To-wn fay, that M. Perthuis
could both fpeak and tranflate the Englifh Tongue perfeSlyi
mil. Quebec, 50/^ (?/ September, 1755.

..Signed, ^^Vaudreuii. <»/;i Bioot.

'^'•ii^->itrliH|lll -•l-'Bt ''

^-* «

„-.'..*-

. t » ' ^.*>P '

., ^,11 11 umn i wii lwiW plU W ri . i wiiw.iBin ipii lS.ll, l M i WH|fM

A LETtER v:YHtm by Olonel "N ATitK, and fmt
/o GVwrfl/ Braddock, by Order of the Duke e/CuM-

berland*

Sir, London^ No'vem. 25, 1754-

HIS Royal Higlinefs the Duke, in the feveral Audi-
ences he has given you, entered into a j>articular
Explanation of every Part of the Service you are about
to be employed in •, and as a better Rule lor the Execu-
tion of his Majefty's Inftrudtions, he laft Saturday com-
municated to you his own Sentiments ot this Affair ;
and,V«nceyou were defirous of torp.-tting no Part thereof,
he ha:, (-'•dcrcd me to deliver them to you in Writing.
His Royal Highnefs has the Service very much at Heart,
as it is of the higheft Importance to his M^fty's Jm-
rican Dominions, and to the Honour of his Troop* em-
ployed in thofe Parts. His Royal Highnefs hkewife
takes a particular Intereft in it, as it concerns you, whom
he recommended to his Majefty, to be nominated to
the chief Command.

• The Opinion of .his Royal Highnefs is, That, im-
mediately after your Landing, you confider, what Ar-
tillery and other Implements of War, it will be necefiary
to tranfport to Willis-Creek, for your firft Operation on
the Ohic, and that it may not fail you in the Service ;
and that you form afecond Field-Train, with good Of-
ficers and Soldiers, which fhall be fent to Albany, and
be ready to. march for the fecond Operation at Niagara.
You are to take under your Command, as many.as you
think neceffary, of the two Companies ot Artillery that
are in Nova-Scotia and Newfoundlandy as foon as the Sea-
fon will allow •, taking Care to leave enough to defend
the Ifland. Captain Ord, a very experienced Officer, of
whom his Royal Highnefs has a great Opinion, will join
you as foon as poflible.

As loon as Shirley's and Pe^erell's Regiments are near

compleat, his Royal Highiietyls of Opinion, you ftiould

caufe them to encamp, not only chat they may the fooner

be difciplined, but alfo to draw the Attention of the

'^ French

> fr

i'i

■ ---Kiti^.'i te'' - „

yHji y> ; HW « g". '

ER, aftd ftnt
)uke o/CuM-

. 25» '754-
feveral Audi-
o a particular
you are about
or the Execu-
>aturday com-
)t"this Affair;

Part thereof,
)U in Writing.
nuch at Heart,
Vl^fty's y^mc-
lisTroop* em*
;hnefs likewifc
rns you, vhom

nominated to

is, That, im-
ider, what Ar-
will be necefiary
ft Operation on

1 the Service-,
with good Of-
to Albany-, and

tion at Niagara.
as many*as you I
)t Artillery that
ibon as the Sea-
ough to defend
■need Officer, of
pinion, will join

gimcnts are near
nion, you fhould
maythefooner

ttention of the

Frmh\

■ I i n »i m » »»""ij « w

( "5 ) ^

French., and keep therh in Siifpence about the Place yoti

really ddign ta attack. His Royal Highnefi docs not
doubt that the Officers and Captains of the feveral Com-
par)irs, will anlwer his Expectation, in Eorming and
difciplining their rcfpedive Troops.

The moll Ilrict Difcipline is always neceffary ; but
more particularly fo, in the Service you are engaged in \
wheretore his Koyal Highnefs recommends to you, that
it be conRantly obferved among the Troops Under your
Command, and to be particularly careful^ that they be
not thrown into a Pannic by the Indians., with whom they
are yet unacquainted, whom the Irenth will certainly
employ to frighten them. His Royal Highnefs recom-
mends to you, the vifiting your Ports Niglit and Day ;
that your Colonels and other Officers be careful to do it •,
and that you yourfelf frequently let them the Example,
and give ail your Troops frequently to underfland, that
no Excufe will be admitted lor any Surprife whatfoever.

Should the Ohio Expedition continue any confiderablo
Time, and PeppereWi, and Shirlefi Regiments be found
fufficicnt to undertake, in the mean while, the Rcdudlion
o'i Niagara., his Royal Highnefs would have you confider,
whether you could go there in Perfon, leaving the Com-
mand of the Troops on the Ohio^ to fomc Officer on
whom you might depend, unlels you fhall think it bet-
ter for the Service, to fend to thofe Troops fome Perlon
whom you have (Jefigned to command on the Ohio j but
this is a nice Affair, and claims your particular Attention,
as Colonel Shirley is the next Commamler after you •,
wherefore, if you fhould fend fuch an OlHcer, he
ntufl conduit himfelf fo, as to appear only in Qiiality
of a Friend or Counfellor, in the Prefence of Colonel
Shirley \ and his Royal Highnefs is of Opinion, that
that Officer muft not produce, or make mention of the
CommilTion you give him for Command, except in fuch
Cafe of abfblute Neceffity.

The ordering of thefe Matters may be depended on,
if the Expedition at Crovm-Point c.n take Pface^ at the
lame Time x\\ai Niagara is beficgcd. ^. \i

•■■»■

vV ^AJ#-..^

«B>«e» -

»rt»>i»'?W7?'''!W^

( i\6 )
If after the Ohio Expedition is ended, it fliould be
necelTary for you to go with your whole Force to Nia-
gara, it is the Opinion ot his Royal Highncfs, that you
Ihould carefully endeavour to find out a fhorterWay from
the Ohio thither, than that of the Lake ; which, how-
ever, you are not to attempt under any Pretence what-
foever, without a moral Certainty of being fupplied

with PrOViflOnS, ^C. ^,r »;r n. r

As to your Defign of making yourfelf Matter of
J^iagara, which is of the greateft Confequence, his
Royal Highnefs recommends to you, to leave nothing
to Chance, in the Profecution of that Enterprize.
■ With Regard to the reducing of Crown-Point, the
provincial Troops being bed acquainted with the Coun-
try, will be of the moft Service. After the taking of
this Fort, his Royal Highnels advifesyou toconfult with
the Governors ot the neighbouring Provinces, where it
will be moft proper to build a Fort to cover the Fron-
tiers of thofe Provinces. . . -i

• As to the Forts which you think ought to be built
(and of which they are perhaps too fond in that Country)
his Royal Highnefs recommends the building of them
in fueh ^ Manner, that they may not require a ftrong
Garrifon, He is of Opinion that you ought to build
confiderable Forts cafed with Stone, before the PHans
?nd Eftimates thereof have been fent to England, and ap-
proved here by the Government. Hi? Royal Highnefs
thinks, that Stockaded Forts with Pallifadoes, and a
good Ditch, c:^able of containing Two Hundred Men,
400 upon an Emergency, will be fufHcient for the Pre-

As Lieutenant-Colonel Lawrence, who commands at
Nova-Scotia,haxh long projected the taking o\ Beau-fejour,
his Royal Highnefs advifes you to conlult with him,
both with Regard to the Time, and the Manner of exe-
cuting that Defign. In this Enterprize, his Royal
Highnefs forefees that his Majefty's Ships may be ot
grca^ Service, as well by tranfporting the Troops and
*>■'■• Warlike

Warlike Ti
cours that
yrancoife,
other Side

With I
Operation:
Highnefs
the French
next ^afoi
make then
ton your 1
they may (
But you w
ances, and
mended to
after your
Mind, ho\
prized. F
eft DifEcul
therefore n
tcnfion to t
lative there
Mafters an
nary Suppl
Barrels of
fecurc the

I think
wherein yc
be any intr
rcpiefent ii
Ihall readil;
Highnefs \
on the Suh

I wifb y<
this Succefi
define you
take greate
him, whoi

' *J^ .>■%'■«*«**'■

it fliould be
*'orce to Nia-
ncfs, that you
rterWay from

which, how-
'retepcc what-
eing llipplied

;If Maftcr of
fcqiience, his
leave nothing
terprize.
vn- Pointy the
vith the Coun-
the taking of
toconfultwith
nces, where it
)ver the Fron-

;ht to be built
that Country)
Iding of them
juire a ftrong
ought to build
ore the PHans
n^landy and ap-
:oyal Highnefs
lifadoes, and a
Hundred Men,

nt for the Pre-

».

> commands at
yoi Beau-fejoury
lult with him,
Vlanner of exe-
ze, his Royal
lips may be of
the Troops and
Warlike

■•<■

^mfrnfc

( "7 ) ■ f

Warlike Implements, as intercepting the Stores and Suc-
cours that might be fent to the Frcncby either by tUe Bay
Irmwoife, or trom Cape-Breton^ to the Bay Verier on the
other Side of the IJlhmtts.

With Regard to your Winter Quarters, after the
Operations ot the Campaign are finifhed, his Royal
Highnels recomm nds it to you to examine whether
the French will not endeavour to maks fome Attempts
next ^afon, and in what Parts they will moft probably
make them. In this Cafe it will be moft proper to can-
ton your Troops on that Side at fuch Uiftances, that
they may eaiily be aflembled for the common Defence.
But you will be determined in this Matter by Appear-
ances, and the Intelligence which it hath been recom-
mended to you to procure by every Method immediately
after your Landing. It is unneceflTary to put you in
Mind, how careful you muft be to prevent being fur-
prized. His Royal Highnefs imagines that your great-.
e(t Difficulty will be, the Subfifting of your Troops: He
therefore recommends it to you, to give your chief At-
tcnfion to this Matter, and to take proper Meafures re-
lative thereto with the Governors, and with the Quarter-
Mafters and CommilTaries. I hope that the extraordi-
nary Supply put on board the Fleet, and the Thoufand
Barrels ot Beef deflincd tor your life, will facilitate and
fecurc the Supplying of your Troops with Provifions.

I think 1 have omitted nothing ot all the Points
wherein you defired to be informed •, if there fhould yet
be any intricate Point un-thought of, I defireyou would
represent it to me now, or at any other Time ; and t
Ihall readily take it upon me to acquaint his Royal
Highnefs thereof, and (hall let you know his Opinioft
on the Subjedl.

I wifb you much Succcfs with all my Heart ; and as
this Succefs will infinitely rejoice til your Friends, I
defire you would be fully peruladed that no Body will
take greater Pleafure in acquainting them thereof, than
him, who is, ^c. Signed, Robert Napier.

1^- ■ '■ 1 The

i »

Hi> I v!\iiiu^imimmaimtk

fgii^^-.^>m'^>fKtttminm9itlfmrfmff^^ffpt

( Ii8 )

I the Suhfcriher, one of the Superior Council of Quebec,
d^ certify that I have tranjlated the above Letter, IVcrd
jiorWord^ /rtf^ Englifli into French, the Original beini
depofited in the Secretary" s-Office of the Governor-General cj
New-France. Done at Quebec, the Thirteenth cf Sep.
tembcr, One Thoufand Seven Hundred and Fifty -five.

Signed, Perthuis,

tV TE the Governor-Genera! y and Intendant cf New-
VV France, do certify^ that M. Perthuis, one cf tic
Superior Council of Quebec^ hath tranjlated the above Let-
ter^ and that ive have heard all the Englifli People -xh
kave been in this Town fay \ that the faid M. Perthuis
€Ould both fpeak and tranjlate the Englifh Tongue perfeai;j
well. Done at Quebec, the Thirteenth cf September,
One Tboufand Seven Hundred and Fijty-five. ♦

Signed, Vaudreuil and Bigot.

NUMB. XIII.

^be T R AS SLATiov' of a Regipr of Letters written by
■ General Braddock, tothefeveralMiniJtersand'En^A

Lords.
^ LETTER I.

To Henry Fox, Efquire, Secretary of War.

fVilliam/burgy Feb. z-^y 1755-
A FTER a Paflage ot feven Weeks, wherein I had
jr\ Abundance of bad Weather, I arrived here, ^here
1 found every Thing in great Confufion, as I expcfted ;
a great deal of Money has already been fpent here,
though but very little done. Sir ^ohn St. Clair is juft
now come here ; I refer you to his Letters, they will
acquaint you of the bad State of the Independent Com
panics of New-Tork •, as I am but lately come, I can
give you no News thereof my felf. The Governor
of this Place is of Opinion, that tie People of this Pro
vincc are fully convinced of the Ncceffity there is tor
them to give all the Afliftahce in "•heir Power, in an
Affair which fo nearly concerns them. Governor Dobbi

*¥.

is well enc
and hope
will do no
they have
puncluail)
obliged tc
I ihall ha'
you of th
cfting. I

A-

here the i
that the Pi
Neceffity i
which the>
that partic
So littk
hitherto, i
pofe. Sir
is indefati
expeded \
you) the p
of our Tn
thy Indepe
the richeft
do nothing
the Six-Ni
have as yi
have a gre
but as I <
get fome (
have mad(
My moft
Highncfi

<'«w^i%i>i

'Sma

ncil of Quebec,
ve Letter, IVord
e Original bein^
lernor-General of
rteentb of Sep.
' fiftyjive.
d, Perthuis,

efjdant cf New-
thuis, 0)16 cf tic
d the above Let-
lifli People -jok
id M. Peithuis
Tongue perfeSlly
cf September,
je. ♦
uiL and Bigot.

tiers written by
fters and Englilh

y of War.

•eb. 24, 1 755.

, wherein I had
ived here, ^here
I, as I expected 5
)een fpent here,

St. Clair is juft
etters, they will
dependent Com
:ly come, I can

The Governor
:ople of this Pro
jffity there is tor
r Power, in an

Governor JDobh

"IP'W

m ^m mmf^- m m nmy— ■

C "9 ]

is well enough pleafcd with the People of this Province,'
and hopes he will be mere fo hereafter. Pennfyhania
will do nothing, and furniflaeth the French with whateves
they have Occafion for. I ihall execute your Orders
pundlually, and with as much Speed as poflible. I wa»
obliged to appoint a Commiflliry for about a fortnight.
I Ihall have Occafion to write to you, and ftiall acquaint
you of thole Particulars which I (hall think moft inter-
cfting. I am with the moft profound Relped, Sir, (^c.
LETTER II.
To Colonel Napier, Aid-de-Camp.

Williamjhourgy Feb. 2^^ ^7B5'

A FTER having pafled through all the Dangers of
A\ the Seas, from which I have cfcaped, I arrived
here the 20th of this Month. The Governor affures me,
that the People are more tradable, and that they fee the
Neceffity there is of providing for me all the Succouri
which they muft be obliged to furnifh, in an Enterprizc
that particularly regard themfelvcs.

So little Order or Union has reigned among them
hitherto, that much Time has been ipent to little Pur-
pofe. Sir John St. Clair is this Moment arrived. He
is indefatigable, and has done all that could pofTibly be
expeded i you will fee by his Letters (to which I refer
you) the prefent State of Affairs, and the bnd Condition,
of our Troops in this Country, particularly of the unwor-
thy Independent Companies ofNew-Tork. Pennfyhania,
the richeft and moft populous of all thefe Provinces will
do nothing, and furnifhethithe French with Provifions (
the Six-Nations are at prefent attached to the French. I
have as yet but four Twelve Pounders, which will not
have a great EfFcft fhould I be obliged to make a Breach;
but as I cannot do without them, I will endeavour to
get fome Cannon from on board the Men of War. We
have made no Preparations as yet for the Tranfports.
My moft humbip Refpedls and Puty to his Royal
Highn^fi. Jam, my Dear Colonel^

Tour moft humble, (^c.

LETTER

! >l

,K HH ii iL m

wm^m

' ■ ( 120 )

: LETTER III.

Tc Sir Thomas Rodinson, bis Majeftfs principU
Secretary •/ State.
Sir, iniliamJ/'Hrg, March 18, 1755.

I Arrived hrrp the 20th ot h'cbruary. Tho Gibraltar
hav!i.{_^ tailed two Days alter, 1 could not give you
an Account by her, of the l^rcparations which arc made
in the Provinces, for the Service of our Expedition, nor
of the Meafiircs I muH: taker for its Succcfs.

Immediately after my Arrival, 1 wrote with all Dili-
gence, to the different Governors of this Continent, to
engage them to do their Utmoft m their refpeclive Pro-
vinces, to obtain Levies oi Men and Money, agreeable
to his Majefty's Inftrudions \ recommending to them,
to (hut up their Ports, that no Provifions may be car-
ried from us to the Enemy •, which Governor DinwiddU
obferved, and executed in this Province. I have alfo,
by his Majcfly's Orders, recommended the eftablilhing
a common Fund, with the Money granted by the diffe-
rent Colonies, which fliould ferve as a capital Stock, to
defray the Expence of the general Service of our Expe-
dition, and which might be fubjeft to my Orders, of-
fering to be accountable to each of the Provinces, for
what Purpofe it fhould be employed, whether for fecuring
the moit effectual Means of facilitating the Service in
which I am engaged, or for taking the Steps moft con-
ducive to its Succefs. The Jealoufy of the Peoplcj and
the Difunion of the Coloniei^ as well of all in general,
as of each in particular, makes me almoft defpair. In-
deed I am very forry to tell you, that according to all
Appearance, 1 fhall have much Difficulty to obtain from
thele Colonies, the Succours his Majcfty expcdts, and
the common Intereft requires*

The different Governors of the Provinces of this Con
tinent, will inform you no Doubt, ^hat each ot them
have already done towards this Expedition, and what
they intend to do for the Time to come. All that I can

tell you I

Dinwiddi

ty Tbottfa

greater S

that Pur

granted

Pound fy ej

Vinces. ,

Province,

the Even

Thcrefon

which he

virlce, if I

A Copy <

I do n

you of th

ments: £

almod: cc

miliam P

Keppelt fo

Regiment

port VelT

on board

cxpefted.

ftead of c;

cording to

in Englattt

able, and

dcrs to thi

macHij tO[

defign to

_ AH the

join roe I

augment

employ th

voiadu, vrl

two^om{

Captain, t

■g^yili^^ffi

bjeftfs principti

larch 18, 1755.
Thf Gibraltar
Id not give you
which arc made
ir.xpedition, nor
ifs.

:e with all Dili-
is Continent, to

refpeclive Pro-
oney, agreeable
iding to them,
ns may be car-
'ernor DinwiddU
e. I have alfo,

the eftablilhing
:ed by the difFe-
:apitai Stock, to
ice of our Expe-
my Orders, of-
e Provinces, for
:ther tor fecuring
5 the Service in

Steps moft con-

the Peoplej and
af all in general,
oft deipair. In-
according to all
7 to obtain from
ly expeftsi and

i noes of this Con-"
hat each o\ them
lition, and what
, All that I can
# tell

tell you upon this Subjeft at' prefer, is, that Gorernd^
Dinwtddtc has already obtained from his Province, TiveH-
ty Tboufand Pounds Currency, and hopes to obtain a
greater Sum from the Aflimbly, which is prorogued for
that Purpofe to the firft of May next. North-Carolina

Province, and whofe Intercft is, above all. concerned in
the Event of this Expedition, has yet granted nothing i
Therefore I wrote a very (harp Letter to the Governor*
which he is to commynicate to theAflembly of that Pro-
virice, if he thinks proper, to bring them to their Duty.
A Copy of which I fend you.

I do not doubt, but Governor Shirley has acquainted
you of the Progrefs made in raifing x.\it,Amrican Regi-
ments : By the Accounts ^iven me of his, I believe it 19
almoft compleatedi but I can give%o Account of Sir
William Pepperell's. I have taken Mcafures with Mr.
Keppel^ for fending over Arms and Cloathing for each
Regiment, with all poflible Diligence. AlltheTranf-
port Veffels arc arrived, except the Severn^ which has
on board a Company of Sir Peter Halice/\ and is daily
expefted. None of my Men have been yet fick. In-
ftead of cantoning my Troops as I at firft intended, ac-
cording to the Account which Sir John St.Clairhad given'
in England concerning thern ; the Wind being favour*
able, and riot imagining any Danger, I have given Or-
ders to the Tranfport Veffels to fail up the River Potcjo-
mackj to proceed to Alexandria, and land them, where t
defign to encaitip.1 «

AH the Levies o^Vif-ginta andMirylandi are alfo, to
join roe at Alexandria. I fhall take the beft Men to
augment the Englifit Regiments to 700 each, and
employ the othefs as it was agreed with Governor Din-
wV/jjf, which is in the following Manner, viz. To form
twoTompanies of Carpenters, compofed each of one
Captain, t^o Subaltcrni, two Scrieants, and thiity Men a

S l*ie

.Mi

■»»w-

• C til )

the firft of which wiM be abfoluteljr necefftry to make
Roads, build Boats, and repair the Carriages, i^c, I (hall
employ the Refldue ot the new-raifed Men, to cover the
main Body of the Army, and (helter it from all Manner
of Surprize. Thofe Companies (hall be paid by the
Province, and be upon the fame Terms with thofe of
Old-England^ thcDiffcrencconly of the Money, which is
about Twenty-five per Cent. I have alfo railed a Com-
pany of Guides, compofed of one Captain, two Aid-de-
Camps, and ten Men. I have fixed Foils, in order to
go from the Head-Quarters to Pbiladelpbiay to Annapolis^
in Maryland^ and to fVilliamJburg^ as I think it neceflaiy
to keep a Correfpondence with the Governors of thefe
Provinces.

As foon as I can pofTibly afTemble my Troops, lay
up Forage, Provifions, and other Things neccfTary for
a March, I (hall fgoceed to work at the Redudtion of
the French Forts upon the Obh. It is very uncertain,
whether I (hall find Grafs beyond the Allegatt^ Mountaim
before the End of Aprils which is the Time I expedl to
go there. I cannot as yet give a juft Account of the
Number of Troops which I (hall have with me. If I
can complcat the Engli/h Regiments to a Thoufand four
Hundred Men, the Companies of Carpenters and Scouts
to the Number above mentioned, with the very inefTcc-
tive Independent Companies of New-Tork^ and thofe of
Carolina^ I believe the whole will not exceed 2300 Men:
I was propofmg to augment them by Means of the pro-
vincial Troops, to the Number of 3000, but I have de-
ferred that Augmentation, until my Interview with Go-
vernor Shirley, which I thought neccfTary, and therefore
have ordered him to meet me at Annapolis^ laMarylandf
where I cxpcd: him in about three Weeks.

Governor Dinwiddit propoies to accompany me thi-
ther : I have ordered thofe of New-Tork and Pennfylvanii
to meet me there, if the Affiiirs of their Province#wilI
permit them. At this Interview, where alfo Commo-
dore Kxppel is to meet me, I defign to fettle the Opera-
tions

tions tf]
concert
Indian
fecuriiij
excite 1
King's :
ufc of t
(hall be
ber of F
we migl
them, tl
arc India
or Indiat
except tl
Latter w
like Nati
all the 01
tached tc
Attachm
us, we n
or the J(
occafion i
I fend j
Comman
//;>§, w
(lities the
and brins
Ur.Di
pofes to
is to be
fent Exp
ffnce of
me at pre
to him,
give, cou
£xp:ditk

that the Coi

•*.-.., .!^ TSSafiS"

:.,-«■

mm um i m ■ m n

mwwn^

I ' lijujy^,^ y.L-A.,, 1 1.." Lf!? tr(a*

(Khry to make
cs, i^c. I fhall
I, to cover the
■om all Manner
c paid by the
\ wiihthofe of
loney, which is
I railed a Com-
n, twoAid-dc-
ts» in order to
a^ to Annapolis^
link it neccflary
crnors of thefc

ny Troops, lay
rs neccflary for
t Reduftion of
very uncertain,
^legawf Mount aim
rime I expedk to
Account of the

with me. If I
I Thoufand four
nters and Scouts
the very ineffcc-
orky and thofc of
ceed 2300 Men:
[cans of the pro-
, but I have de-
ervicw with Go-
•y, and therefore
j/m, in Maryland^
:ks.
ompany me thi-

and Pennfylvania
:ir Provincc#wiU
:rc alfo Commo-

fctUc the Opert-
tions

( '23 )

tions that fhall be determined for the northern Parts, and
concert the moft ufcful Methods for recovering the
Indian Frontiers adjoining the different Colonies, and for
fecurujg them to his Majefty, and at the fame Time, to
excite the Governors to ufc their utnjotl Credit for the
King's Service, in this important Affair. 1 (hall make
ufc of the firft Opportunity to let you know whatever
/hall be determined. I cannot eafily tell you what Num-
ber of Forces the FrtNcb have on the River Obto •, but if
we might regard the different Accounts we have had of
them, they are above 3000, the grcatelt Part of which
arc Indians. It is generally thought that all the Iroquois
or Indians of the Six Nations^ are in the French Intcreft,
except the Antes * : Governor Dinwiddit hopes that the
Latter will join us, together with the Calawbas (a w.ir-
like Nation, though few in NumBer) and fome Cherokees \
all the other Nations to the South, feem at prefent at-
tached to tht French •, but as we ought to attribute their
Attachment to the Succeflcs they have lately had over
us, we may flatter ourfelves, that the Sight oto-;. .'^rmy
or the Icafl Advantage wc fhall gain over thci.^, may
occafion a great Change in their Difpofitions.

I fend you inclofed, the Extraft of a Letter from the
Commanding Officer at CbouagueHy to Governor Dinwid'<
die^t which proves the monftrous Falfhoods and Abfui -
(lities the French make ufe of, to impofe upon tlie Iudia>:s^
and bring them to their Intereft.

Mr. Delaneey, LieutenantGovernor of New-Tork^ pro.
pofes to me in his Letters, to employ the Money which
is to be raifcd in his Government (deflined for the pre-
fent Expedition) to build Forts for the particular De-
fence ot his own Province \ as this Propofai feems to
me at pre&nt, altogether out of Seafon, 1 have obferved
to him, that all the Afliflance which the Colonies can
give, could not be better employed, than in the prefent
Expedition.

S a , Governor

*<^TheretietheMoMAXvKi. $ This Letur proves tt large,

that the ComiDaadant of Cbtaagun accafes the Frtuth of Falfhood,

' II

Nynninw««<*^n^

^m^mmw^miim

( 124 )

GovtrnnrDitttvUilie obfcrves to mc, tYiAtMr. Del/jncfy,
\\M confcntcd to a Neutrality bf twcKn the Inhabitants of
jllbduy^ and the neighbouring Indians^ who arc in Alli-
ance with the French. I don't fee ivhat Rtafon be bad to
fuffer a Ihing fo extraordinary -f- ; but that feems to be
produftivc of luch great Confcquenrcs, that I prbpofe
to tell him my Sentiments of it, in the Itrongcft lerms :
I find myfeU very happy, in being joined in the Service
of his Majefty, by an Officer To capabV, and fo difpofed
to take all the Meafures which may concur with the
Succefs of this Enterprize, as Mr.J(eppel is. As I have
but four Pieces of Gannon, of Twelve Pounders, with
the Train, and I thought it neceflaty to have a greater
Number of them, I addrefled myfrU to him, to get four
more from on board his Ships, with neceflary Ammuni-
tion, which he granted with the beft Grace in the World,
as well as a great many other Things which I wanted :
He likewife gave me Thirty Sailors, with proper Officers
to command them, to attend the Army in its March ;
they will be very ferviceable for Building the Battoes, to
help us in tranfporting Artillery, and other heavy Bag-
gage : For their Subfillence, I have fettled their Pay with
the Commodore, at 7bree Shillings and Six-pence per Day^
for the Officers •, and Six-pence for the Sailors ; for which
I (liajl be obliged to draw upon the Quota furnifhcd by
|he Provinces.

As I do not find that the Provifioi.s granted by the
Provinces, for the Subfiftencc of our Troops, will be
I'ufficient, I (hall be obliged to take a Thoul'and Barrels
pf Beef, and ten Caflcs or Butter, out of the Supply of
Provifions fent from England. Sir, the Juftice which I
am obliged to do Governor Dinwiddicy will not permit
(ne to finifh this Letter, without acquainting you of the
Zeal he has (hown, and the Pains he has taken, upon all
QocaTiQns, for the Good of the Service of this Caufe :

When

t What it wai then extraordinary that the Infiabiunti of Al^
could not believe that Ihe/ w^te at War with the Frtiuh aa^ tltc %•
4im/n their Allies i . : ,i ..• , "

■^..^

's/

IS.--

When I
his Gov
Lxpeda
1 havi
thit Jbali
Keppcl,
haa no (
and it fc(
Orders,
Majefty
I'he Scvi

Sir,

I Am ir
dians
have beci
you to let
Body of 1
French^ tl
that Rive:
defend th
have a p<
be of ver
Expeditio
their Chie
that they
ihall be n
you have
ber of Im
hope your
*nd Child
would be
the Cam|

*^»»^ii;M

\t Mr. Dehftcfy^
: Inhabitants of
ho arc in Alli-
icafon be bad to
at fcpms to be

that 1 propofc
■ongcft Terms :
d in the Service

and fo difpofcd
oncur with the
' is. As I have
Pounders, with
) have a greater
him, to get four
rflary Ammuni-
:c in the World,
hich 1 wanted :
I proper Officers
' in its March ;
jtheBattoes, to
ther heavy Bag-
d their Pay with
ix-pence per Diiy^
ilors i for which
iota f urnifhed by

granted by the
IVoops, will be

houfand Barrels
»f the Supply of
: Juftice which I

will not permit
nting you of the
I taken, upon all

of this Caufe :
When

uliabiunti of Align
Frtnth aad the m-

-"^sfm^s

i".." i mmmmmmmm^

f "5 )
When I confider the Faftion that prevailed over hlmjn

his Government, 1 find he has lucceeded beyond 'ail

Lxpedation.

1 have Orders from his Majefty, to put all the French

thzt Jballh taken in this Expedition^ onboard Commodort

Ket)pcl, to be condutled to France \ but as Mr. /r<^/<r/ hai

had no Orders from the Admiralty upon that Subje^

and it fcems to him too delicate an Arfair to aft without

Orders, 1 am obliged upon this Occafion, to requeft hit

MajeOy fpr further Inftruftions, as ibon as puiQbici^

The Severn is juft arrived. / «»«, &c, Jiiii t^ i :.\

, ,f ..L E T. X.£ R IV. a i/n i>'u; X
Written to the Governor of Pimnsylvania. .n'i

Sir, Alexandria^ in Virginia^ April i*;, f^^iy,'

I Am informed, that there is a great Number of //»-
dians in your Province, from the River Obio, who
have been driven from thence by the French. I defire
you to let them know, that I am upon a March with 4
Body of the King's Troops, to take by Force, from the
French^ thdlb Ufurpations which they tiave made upoil
that River, there to reindate the IndianSy our Allies, and
defend them againft their Enemy. As thefe Indians muft
have a perfeft Knowledge of that Country, and might
be ot very great Ufe during the whole Courlc -or this
Expedition, 1 pray you would engage them tp come with
their Chiefs, to join me at IVills's^Creek ; and aflure them^
that they (hall be kindly treated, and want nothing thac
Ihall be neceflary for them. Pray acquaint me witlt what
you have determined in this Affair, and aJfo what Num-r
ber of Indians will come to me from your Provioce : I
hope your Province will take Care to maintain the Wive»
and Children of thefe People, until they return : They
would be a great Incumbriwce, if the^ fhould come tm

Ihe Cac^p,

Li* '.in0lirus«i 4,Hi.

:i^

UET.

< (.

I '

«i

.<»>^uikt^it'iii^ui>i'^ki«>*>M

m ni Mn' e atmtumm' i" * '" "" ' ""

H» WH ai m pwBHWHty^-' ■

t" >•

?*■

I'i

( it6 )

L E T T E R V.

To the Honourable Thomas Robinson, one of bis Ma-
jejlfs Secretaries of State.
■■-->... Alexaudria, igth of Jpril. ly^g.

I Have had the Honour to write to you from ffiiiiamf-
burg, the 1 8th of March laft, by a Veflel which was
Co fail in eight Days after.

The 13th of this Monih,GovernorS'i6/r/(py,accompanicd
*'lth the other Governors, of whom I made mention
in my laft, came to me here, along with Col. Jobnfon.

At this Interview,. Mr. Shirley laid before me a Plan,
formed between him and iovernor I^wr<»«« (of which
he told mc he had acquiuinted you) for befieging the
French Forts in Acadia : As I had given an entire Appro-
bation to if, I knt Orders to Colonel Monckton, imme-
diately to take upon him the Command, and go upon
tliat Expedition without Delay.

I have alfo agreed with him upon a Plan for the Re-
duftion of Fort St. Frederick J, which is to be executed
only by the provincial Troops raifed in the northern Co-
lonies, about the Number of 4400, under the Command
of Colonel Johnfon, a Perfon recommended for the great
Influence he has over the Minds and Hurllburs oi the
Indians oi the Six Nations, and for the Reputation he
hath in all the northern Colonies.

As that of Niagara is the moftlmportant of all our
Enterpnzes, I have propofed to Mr. Shirley to take that
Commiflion upon himfelf •, which he readily did. I
therefore ordered him to take under his Command, his
own Regiment, which muft be compleated ; and that of
PeppereU'Sy fiich as it is, to prepare for that Expedition,
with all poflible Diligence.. I formerly gave Orders for
reinforcing the Garrifon of Chouaguen, with two Com^
panies o( Pepperell'sy and with uie two Independent
Companies of New-Tork : This I thought a neceflary
S«e(}, for putting the Works in fuch a Condition, as might
preferve the Garrifon, and fecure a Retreat for our
Ttoofs. As

. ^^ - t PoMI^ la Chevelare.

Se
fit

hit
dei
ab:
G(

ne'

ren
wh
Ih
by
mo
his
feqi
lac
tow
Six
cOl

thei

Coi

trc!

goc

S'ur

giv

inli
Sbif
Ne<

tjt i i . ' WD i l i nwW i ni i i H f t i» jW ( U i . i ffiHw wwwpww

jiw i ^if .imm \ vvv*M\ ' %it ''' 9,imv:fim n .vmH'inmmsi'^ ^

)

I V.

NSON, one of bis Ma-

f State.

gthof Jpril 1755.
to you from Hiliiamf-
by a VefTel which was

lor 5i&/r/fy,accompanied
vhom I made mention
ng with Col. Johnfon.
laid before me a Plan,
ovLawrance (of which
pu) for befieging the
given an entire Appro-
ionel Monckton, imme-
mmand, and go upon

ipon a Plan for the Re-
vhich is to be executed
ifed in the northern Co-
3, under the Command
>mmended for the great
s and Hurllburs ot the
i for the Reputation he
s.

>lt1mportant of all our
Mr. Shirley to take that
ch he readily did. I
nder his Command, his
)mpleated ; and that of
ire for that Expedition,
jrmerly gave Orders for
ua^uen, with two Com-
1 the two Independent
s I thought » ncceffary
ch a Condition, as might
cure a Retreat for our

[lore. - '

( 127 )

As Mr. Shirley is the Officer who is to command aftef
me, and of whofc Integrity and Zeal for his Majefty'i
Service, I have a very great Opinion, I gave him Autho-
rity, in Cafe there wau no Treafury nominated in the
North, to draw upon his Majefty's Treafury for the Ac-
count of Expences of the Service of his own Diftrift.

I have written to the Duke of Newcajile^ to convince
him of the Neceffity of afting in this Manner j conH-
dering at whatDiftance we are, and Impoflibility of being
able to confer Notes upon this Subjeft. He writes, that
Governor Shirley has propofcd to him, to treat the two
new-raifed Regiments, as thofe of Old-England.

The Copy inclofed, will acquaint you, of the diffe*
rent SubjedV? that have been examined in Council, and
what I brought upon the Carpet at this Interview, which
I have had with the Governors. As I have been charged
by his Majefty, to employ thofe Perfons I fliould find
moft proper for bringing over the Six Indian Nations to
his Intereft •, it appeared in Council, of the greateft C«n-
fequence, and to deferve a much greater Attention, thaa'
I at fu^ imagined, that for fome Years, their Conduft
towaras us, declared a Diflatisfaftion on the Part of thole
$ix Nations^ and it appeared that they greatly failed in the
Confidence they repofed in his Majefty's Arms. I pro-'
pofcd Colonel Johnfon^ as the propereft Perfon for that
Embafly, becaufe of the great Credit he has among'
them. My Choice was unanimoufiy approved of by the
Council i I have therefore fent him a Speech which he is
to make in my Name, with more extenfive Power to
treat with them ; and he alone is charged with this Nc-
gociation. For that End, I have advanced to him the
Sum of Two Thoufand Pounds ; ^. 800 of which is to be
given them immediately, in Prefents, and reimburfed
by the Colonies j the Reft for Prefents hereafter, and to
pay whatever it may coft, to fct them to work. 1 have
in like Manner given him Power to draw upon Gbvernor
^hirleyy for more confiderable Sums, in Cafe of abfolute
^feceflTity, upon 1^0 other ProvUb, than tokcepanexaifi

mmm

ippif"

liPPHMl

m ' mw* - ;^mmm%M~- '' ^

( ia« )
Account of the Ufc that fhall be made thereof* The
Emergency of the Service, and the Neceffity I am under
of depending on him, engage me to put that Confidence
in him •, and the Preofs he has given oi his Probity, on
every Occafion, affure me, that lie will not abufe it.

You will be lufficiently informed, SiR,by the Minutes
of the Council, which I fend you, of the Impoffibility of
obtaining from feveral Colonies, the Eftablifhment of a
general Fund, agreeable to his Majefty*s Inftruftions,
and to the Letters you have direded to me for feveral
Governors. Since the laft Accounts I fent you, very
little Money, and very few Men, have been furnilhed by
thele Provinces. The Sum of ;C- ^o*°°° Currency has
been fpent in Firginiay although that Money is not yet
raifed. The Provinces of Penufyhania and Maryland,
ftili rcfufe to contribute. The Province of Nezv-Tork
has raifed the Sum of £. 5000 Currency, for the Troops
of that Province, which 1 have deftincd for the particular
Service of the Garrifon of Chouaguen. There was further
raifed in that Province, thf Sum of £. 4000, for the
Fortifications of that Government ; and, above all, of
the Metropolis : I begged Mr. Delancey to fend iiover
for the general Service of the Fxpedition ; but I very
much fear, there will be nothing of it.

Governor 5/&;r/^ will acquaint you,SiR, of theExpcncc
of New-England, upon the prodigious Levy of Men that
haHbeen made in thefe Governments, /or the Enterprizes
of the North* -, the other Governors have done very lit-
tle, or rather nothing. I cannot but take the Liberty
to rcprefent to you, the Neceflity of laying a Tax upon
all his Majefty's Dominions in America, agreeable to the
Refult of Council, for re-imburfmg the great Sums that

muft

, • The proditioos Leviei m«de for tbe Enterpnz«» of the North !
Let the Sitaatiot. oi Canada beconfidered, with Regard to »ief»g''fi
Colonies^and the Defign of thefe Enterprizes will be perceived by all
Men. fomocheffeftaal Preparation, and foch confideraWe Expencei,
could not certainly have been made for ihatWji Objeft, that poof
anfrnitfol Country, which extendi from the ApakchianlAomtMMXM
|bt Ohio, which is fcarce worth the Expence «f arming one Vettei.

muft be
C\. jnies,
you, that
exceed th
I was perl
ment ima
may be r
Augment
areaNiirr
tor trail Ip
allb, and
thougli I
Wliether
not, I fliQ
Parfimoni
the projet!:i
Sir, to re
Propofals
not anfwet
be- built upt
Ontario, t<
pence to h

Since r
the Honoi
jelly's On
Continent,
whereof, ]
thern Coal
and difpat(
execute hi
owning w
with all pi

I have (
ficers in tl
Troops, vj
obliged to
ccflity of
thofe who 1

I ' lpiimi

mmmmmm

thereof* The
ity I am under
hat Confidence
lis Probity, on
not ^bufc it.
ay the Minutes
^mpoflibility of
iblifhment of a
*s Inftruftions,
me for feveral
Pent you, very
:n furnifhed by
3 Currency has
jncy is not yet
and Maryland^
'. of Nezv-Tork
for the Troopi
r the particular
lere was further
4000, for the
I, above all, of
to fend illDver
on i but I very

,oftheExpcnce
vy of Men that
r the Enterprizes
re done very lit-
ake the Liberty
ing a Tax upon
agreeable to the
great Sums that
muft

izes of the North I
:egard to the Engliji
1 be perceived by alt
nfiderable Expencei,
[)i ObjeA, that poof
'aciian Mouittaini t«

armiog one Vcflcl.

muft be advanced for the Service and Intcreft of the
•^. jnies, in this important Crifii. I am obliged to tell
you, that the Expcnce of the Service of America, will
exceed the Quota of each Province, by much more than
I was pcrluaded, and will go beyond what the Govern-

mentimagmcd. Among othtrinnumerableRealons which
may be mentioned, is, that there will be confidcrable
Augmentation in the Service under my Diredion There
are a Niimber of Horfes. Waggons and Battoes, neceffary
tor tranlporting the Artillery, Baggage, &c. Couriers
alio, and the cxcrflivc Price of daily Labourers. Al-
though I am refolved, to ufe the greateft (Economy.
Wliether that Sum be re-imburfcd by the Provinces or
not, I fl^ould be blamed by his Majdly, if by untimely
Parfimony, feeing tlie Situation of Affairs, I fhould make
the projeded Operations mifcarry. You will permit me.
Sir, to refer you to the Minutes of the Council, for the
1 ropofals I made to the Provinces, to which they have
not mf-wered particularly coikerning the Battoes which fljould
Mialt upon the Lakes : Tne Building of thofe uponL^i^^ -
Ontario, to be direded by Governor Shirley, and the Ex-
pence to be paid by Commodore Kep^c'

Since my Departure from Williamf'' \ ;' have had
the Honour to receive a Letter from y'i , . .h his Ma-
jefty's Orders, for augmenting the Regiments of this
Continent, to a Thoufand Men each, in Confequence
whereof, I have employed fuch Officers along the Sou-
thern Coafts, as feemed to me moft proper for recruiting,
and difpatched a Courier to Mr. Lawrence, that he might
execute his Majefty's Orders, upon that Subjedt, con-
wning what regards the Regiments of his Province,
with all poflible Diligence,

I have Orders from his Majcfty, to make no new Of-\'
ficers in thefe Regiments ; but this Augmentation of
li-oops, with the Number of little Detachments I am
obliged to make, have already put me under the Ne-
ccflity of nominating a Number of Subalterns, to aflift'
toofc whQ have bpen recommended to me from Old-Eng-

T. landf

'iSt^Sa^i^l^mi^SA

fs,vjl»«EMMJMW|tliJii!S!Jl'.','?!

W, to fervcwkhoutky!^f til Places arc v^^^^^^^^^

each ot thefe Detachments, there is to be an Utticer wno

rtovlvc the Charge of the Provifions and Calh •, and

alfo to ma k out thf Camps which muft be formed every

NighHo want of Villages, much more neceffajj m

thrCountry, as the Woods ure^rery clofe and thick-,

by hat Meai;;, the OfficerWill be better -abled to^^

his Troops before him, to prevent any Surprize from the

mL Parties, which is always very much to be cared,

notwithftanding all the Precautions ^^^^h I could

For that Rcafon, and many others, which I couW

defcribe to you, I cannot exprefs to you, how much

D^culty I tlar in the Service*^l am entrufted with- in

^SlmV., it the Nurnber of Officers be no^aug.

mentcd in Proportion to that ot the 1 roops. As the

S Dependence upon this Country, obliges me to fetch

PrtlfSrom feleralColonies, far ^ift-t one from djc

other, 1 have been obliged to 5om»"VV^° SS^d S
Afliftants, forViaualling,toUomI have afl^gf^j^^^f
SFiabay. Ihave alf?named, aauarter-MalterGene-
ral iSant at the fan^e Pay, becaufe of theNeceflity 1 am

"nder of employing SirV « ^'- <ij^\^^ ^^^^^^l
from me, occupied at prefent m making the Roads and

Bridges, and providing Waggons Horfes, C^c. for tranf-

porting the Ammunition, Provifions, and Artillei^

^ 1 have met with fuch Difficulties in getting Carriage ,

as would have been infurmountable, without the ^cai,

and Aftivity of the Officers, and others, e^^oyed for

that Purpoie. The Want of Forage, » aP'^'^^'tV J
fee, withL Remedy , to fupply which. I ffiairbeo^^^^^^

to turn out the Hories to Grafs upon the Moum^n^
I defign to fet out from here, for Fredmck, To-morrow
MoSg; to take the Road for ^///iVCr.^*, where I
Stave been before if I ^ad not been ftopp^^^^^^
wait for the Artillery, and am much affraid it w^ keep
,ne here longer. I hope, by the Beginmn^ of A%^ to
be upon the Mountains, and lome.Time m 7««e, to M
able tQ difpatch an Exprtfs, which will ^quaint you

long

WWWWWf ^JWJM i l i j

re vacant-, to
in Officer who
nd Ca(h •, and
» formed every
c ncceffary in
ofe ai»d thick •,
rnabled to have
rprize from the
:h to be feared,
: can be t^ken :
which I could
Du, how much
ruftcd with, in
era be not aug-
roops. As the
ges me to fetch
int one from the
ivo CommilTary-
ve afligncd Four
ter-MalterGenc-
heNeceflity 1 am
>•, at 300 Miles
g the Roads and
^es,^;?^. fortranf-
and ArtilleJ7.
letting Carriages,
without the Zeal,
rs, employed for
is a Difficulty I
I (hall be obliged
the Mountains.
rick. To-morrow
's-Creek, where I
>t been flopped to
ifFraid it will keep
ining of May, to
ne in Jurte, to be
vill acquaint you
with

( Ui )
with the Iflue of our Operations on the River Olie.

Though I have done all in my Power, I have not been

able to get a more exaft Account of tlie Number of

Frencb^ at prefent on the Ohio ; but I expeft to get more

certiin Intelligence, when 1 iball be at i y ills' s-Creeky and

(hall, take my Meafures accordingly.

I cannot fufficiently exprefs the Satlsfadion I have to

be employed in his Majefty's Service in America^ at a

Tim'; when it is in my Power to form and execute a ,

Plan for attacking the french, in all their confidcrablc

Pofts ufurped upon his Majefty's Lands v^ North-Ameri- ^

cat even to the Southern Parts thereof. I fee a great

Appearance of Siiccefs in each of them. I perceive fo

ftn£i a Connexion between each of tbefe ProjeSis^ that the

Succefs of the one, will procure us that of the ether. If

then I fucceed in the firft, and moft important of thelc

'Projefts, 1 am perfuaded that his Majefty will ftop the

Progrefs of the French in their new Settlements, and

that it will ferve to make his Subjefts upon this Continent

take Courage, and roufe them frwn the Carelefincfs and

Negligence of iheirDuty, with which they have been a

long Time reproached, with fo much Juftice.

/ am, with the moft profound Refpe^, &c.

I The Subfcriher, of the Superior Council of Quebec, do
certify. That I have tranflated from Englifh intv
French, fVord for IVord, all the Letters contained in the
prefent Record, of Major-General Braddock, the Origins !
of which remains deported in the Secretary s-Office, of thfi
Governor-General of New-France. Done at Quebec, the
30/i&<?/ September, 1755. Signed, Perthuis.

WE, the Governor-General, and Intendant of New-
France, do certify, That M. Perthuis, one of thf.
Superior Council «/ Quebec, hath tranflated from Englifii
into French, all the Letters contained in the prefent Repfter,
and that we have heard the Englifh that frequent this City,
fay, that the JaidM. Perthuis yjo^/i^J Englifh, and tranfiatcs
itperfealy, Qucbep, Scptciriber 30, 1755. Signed,
<s -=^. ^i«# 1 t . Vaudreuii. fl«<i Bigot.

•■- • T f. Otkr

I'm

Liitti^^ ~

— •Wi.r^BP^

ip.iMlft|

' V ( I3« )

Ciber Litters of General Braddock, found in a Book
. feparated from the above Regijler.

To the Duke of Newcastle.

My Lord, IVilliamJburg, March 20, 1755.

I TAKE the firft Opportunity to fatisty your Grace's
Command, in acquainting you, with my Arrival
here, and that of the Vcflcls which have tranfported the
Troops under my Command \ my Voyage has been very
fatiguing 5 but the Tranfport Ships have been better
treated, becaiife there was not one fick on board of them.

I don't know as yet, what EfFeft his Majefty's Orders
will produce in the Minds ot the People here *, concern-
ing the prefent Expdition. I cannot yet fay, whether
the leveral Governors have altogether the Influence that
was expefted. I labour, and fhall always continue my
Endeavours, to excite them to defray the Expences of
this Expedition, through their Provinces : They are
obliged to grant it, to prove their Attachment to his
Majefty, and anfwer what their Interefts require.

For that Purpofe, I have commanded Go\er nor Shirl^
to come to me Sit Annapolis, in Maryland, and have defired
the Governors of New-Tork and Pennfyhania to come
with him, if the Bufinefs of their Governments would
permit, I will not make you a long Detail of all Things
wherein I ambufy concerning the Service in which lam
engaged •, as J wrote at large to the Secretary of State
about that Matter. I defirc you would luflTer me to refer
you to his Letter, for all Things you would defire to
know,

Shirley*s Regiment will foon be entirely compleat (if
it be not fo already) that of Sir IVilliam PeppereWs I ima-

fine is advancing very n^uch, and when I fee Mr. Shirley,
fhall concert with him about the Manner that will ap-
pear tame bcft, for the Employment of the Forces in tne

North.
* It it then to the pofitive Orderi from the Coart of Loudtni and
not to the ardent Defire of the Governors of the tnglijb Cclonin, that
thU Atteoipt of the Inil'Jb ought to bo atuibuKd.

North,
tempt the
and I hop
other Side
Afl'jrtance
in the Go
with the t
pcdition :
is difpofed
Which I c
As fmal
ing the Tr
traders M
as foon as |
or Five Tk
Treafurcr
am, witht

My I

THE]
cone
the Part y<
ment of thi
Situation :
Excellency
favourable
and of the]
rying on w
I)iredion,
of his Subj
Some Ti
Account of
all thefe Co
no Need of
forty, that
thefe ColoQ

t^^mm mmttsiH* '

'und in a Book

^^2o» 1755'
' yourGj-ace's

;h my Arrival

ranfported the

; has been very

'c been better

)oard of them.

ajefty's Orders

ire *, concern-

t fay, whether

Influence that

1 continue my

; Expcnces ot

s : They are

:hment to his

require.

overnorSbirley

id have dc fired

va»ia to come

iments would

1 of all Things

in which I am

;tary of State

Fer me to refer

»uld defire to

y complcat (if
ppereWs I ima-
iee Mr. Shirleyy
;r that will ap-
c Forces in tne
North.

rl of tondtn^ and
lifi C«lonies, that

C I3S )
North. I am to march with thofc I have with me, to at-
tempt the Redudion of the French Forts upon die Obio^
and I hope that I (hall be by the End of Jpril, on the
other Side of the Allegany Mountains. I have had all the
Aflirtance poflible from Comnnredorc Keppel; and found
in the Governor of this Province a Man who contributed
with the beft Grace, to the Neceflities of the prefent Ex-
pedition : This Province through the Governor's Care,
is difpofed at prelent to fupply wh never it will be able.
Which I dare not hope from other Governments.

As fmall Money would be very neceflary here for pay-
ing the Troops, I pray your Grace would order the Con-
trafters Mr. Hanbury and Mr. Thomlinfon, to fend over
as foon as poffible (if they have not done it already) Four
or Five Thoufand Pounds in Dollars and half Dollars, the
Treafurcr ot the Troops having only Gold at prefent. I
am, with the moft profound Refped, ^c.

• To the Earl e/ Halifax. *'

(IVithout Date.)
My Lord,

THEIntereft which your Excellency has in all that
concerns his Majefty's Dominions in America^ and
the Part you bear in the Adminiftration of the Govern-
ment of them, oblige me to give you an Account of my
Situation : I hope i^ will not be difpleafing to you. Your
Excellency, without Doubt, has been informed of the
favourable Succefs the Tranfports have met with here,
and of the Meafures I have taken at my Arrival, for car-
rying on with Succefs, his Majefty's Service under my
Diredion, which may tend to his Intcrcfts, and to that
of his Subjedls upon this Continent.

Some Time ago, I fent to the Secretary of State, an
Account of the Succours that have been granted me by
all thefe Colonies, upon the prefent Occafion. There is
no Need of fending it to you in particular. I am very
lorry, that I am obliged to fay, that the Inhabitants of
thcfc Colooies in general, h^ve all fhcwn much Negli-

t' >.

**■

t.4_
\*1

'"■■«~-'^--«%>»!

'■**'**«'««»<^^tapwsaK'('w "

•mnp

■PMr

C '34 )
#ence for his Majefty's Service, and their own Interefts
Ncverthelels they have not all equally deferved this Cen
furc, and particularly this Province, where I am, ouglit
not to be put in Comparilbn with their Neighbours, and
may feem not to have merited thefc Reproaches.

lam perfuaded, that the Account your LordOwp has
received of the good Difpofitions of the Northern Co-
lonies, and particularly of that under the Command of
Mr. Sbirleyy ought, very juftly, to gain him the Good-
will of his Majefty. I cannot fufficiently exprefs my
Indignation againft the Provinces of Pennfyhama and
Maryland, whofc Intereft being alike concerned m the
Event of this Expedition, and much more fo than any
other in this Continent, refufe to contribute any Thing
for fuftaining the Projeftj and what they propofe, is
<ionc upon no other Terms, than fuch as are altogether
contrary to the King's Prerogatives, and to the Inftruc-
tions he has fent to their Governors. You wdl perhaps
be glad to know, that 1 have affembled the Governors
■of New-England, New-York, Pennjylvania and Maryland,
together, and have 6xed the Plan which we are to follow
in attacking the iT^*fi5' all at once, in all their Encroach-i
ments upon Nova-Scotia, Crown-Point and Niagara,
which muft be executed with all the Refolution and Cou-
rage imaginable. n i- /»

(He repeats all that he wrote to Sir Thomas Robtnfon,
in bis Letter dated April the 19th, which is the 5th r
the above ftegifter.) ,

I have given Colonel Jobnfon full Power to treat wit
t\\c Six Nations, and their Allies, and with all the othe
Indians of the Vfdi, as far as he (hall find it neceffary-,
and have fent him Speeches, that he muft make to them
on my Behalf. I have alfo given him Money for Prelcnts,
and Power to draw upon Governor Shirley, if he finds it
necefT^y on this Occafion.

" Mr. Poronal*, or Pownall, has laid before me, a
♦Contraa made in the Year 1701, by the Six Nattom,

whereby

* JbeIiive3roiiinayri«l/^«w«/. '^

whereby tl

Lands. T

the Breadth

Ontario and

John/on, w

to affure th(

than to ret;

them tor t!

1 will n

propos'd ii

built upon

agreed to

and thoug!

Size and F

I propo

Fort on tl

to be by tl

detained 1

the Incon^

try, as th

gons, and

before the

I fet of

Road to J

the End <

Account

the Powe

formed,

rable Ufi

jefty*s Fr

the moft

that it '

of the B

Continer

<J It i« <
traa.ofwl
in Amtriu
BOt to be
to rcinllU

;«,-,^.%-*%,'-.Sf^

mmm

m i m iiM *

|r own Intfrefts. I
'erved this Gen-
re I am, oughti
eighbours, and]
roaches,
r Lordfhip has]
e Northern Co-
Command of
him the Good-
tly exprefs niyj
^ennfyhania and!
mcerned in thel
ore fo than ann
bute any ThingI
they propure, isl
IS are altogecherl
d to the Indruc-I
fou will perhaps!
" the Governors
a and Maryland^
we are to followl
their Encroach-
1/ and Niagara^
slution and Cou-

Thomas Roiinfen,
ch is the 5th ia

Krer to treat with
irith all the other
ind it necefTary;
jft make to them
ney for Prefcnts
leyy if he finds it

d before me,
he Six Nations,
whereby

C 135 )

whereby they give to his Majifty, all their Hunting
Lands. This Ccfllon comprehends an Extent of Land,
the Breadth of 60 Miles, along the Coafts of the Lakes
Ontario and Erie. I have given this Contra6b to Colonel
'Johnfotty with Orders to prcfent it to them from me, and
to aflure them that I am come here upon no other Dcfign,"
than to retake theie Lands from the French^ and prcfcrve
them for their Ufe f .

1 will not recount. Word for Word,, what has been
propos'd in Council, about the Veffels which are to be
built upon Lake-Ontario % Commodore Keppel and I, have
agreed to give Mr. Shirley the Diredlion of that Affair,
and thought proper to give him Liberty to determine the
Size and Force of thefe Veflels, as he thought proper.

I propofe to begin my March, in order to attack the
Fort on the OhiOy with all poflible Diligence : I thought
to be by this Time upon the Mountains, but I have been
detained by a Number of Difficulties, as well through
the Inconveniency of the Climate, and State of the Coun-
try, as the Want of a great Number of Horfes, Wag-
gons, and other Equipages, which have been fought long
before they could be procured.

I fet off To-morrow, for Frederick, which is on the
Road to Fort-Cumberlandy upon IVill^s-Creek, and before
the End of 'June, I hope I mall be able«to give an AlaA
Account ot the Affair at the Ohio. 1 hope I (hall have
the Power co put in Execution, the Plan which I have
formed, for forcing from the French the moft confide-
rabie Ufurpations that they have made upon his Ma-
jefty*s Frontiers of North-America. Should I fucceed in
the moft important of thefe Operations, I am perfuaded
that it will be cafy for his Majcfty to ftop the Projeds
of the French, which increafe more and more upon this
Continent. lam, withRefpeSl, &c.

Antther*

9 It it exccHent enoDgh, that notwithfiandingthlipretMiM Con-
traa, of which they make a great Account of in Eurafi, they arc obliged
in Amtrica, t» endeavour to perfoad* the hJiani (a PMJ^e i/he ar*
not to be babUcd) that th'ey are at War, for a« wj^ Rflfon thn
to rcinAite them in thtir Pofl*effions.

i-1

■*ip«»T>^««(!ijjigj»t«.\

. -^im^mmmmm

wmimmiifmim

C^'^' I

\ ,.y

li:.^.

7^ ( 136 )

'Another LETTER, thod^bt to be written to Sir Thomai
, Robinlbn, though the Perfon's Name^ to whom it is
Jire£iedy is not mentioned.
X. fort-Cumberland^ at IVilU's-Creeky June s^'i 755-
Sir,

I HAD the Honour to write to you from Frederick^
the latter End ot April.

I arrived here the iothofA/<»v, and the 1 7th arrived
the mi>rt ot the Army, coming from Alexandria^ alter a
March or rwcnty-feveii Days, having gone through
many Dil^ficulties and Obftacles, as well through the
Badnefs ot the Roads, as the Want of Forage, and the lit-
tle Zeal in the People, for the Succefs of our Expedition.

I have at laft aflcmbled all the Troops deftined for
the Atuck of Fort du Slyefne^ which amount to 2000
cffcdlive Men, of which there are 1 100 furniflied by the
Southern Provinces, who have fo little Courage and
Difpofition, that fcarceany military Service can be ex-
pcfted from them, though I have employed the beft
Officers to form them.

When I arrived here, my Defign was to ftay only a
few Days to reft my Troops ; but the Difficulty of get-
ting Horfes and Waggons, in order to pafs the Moun-
tains, has obliged me to remain here almoft one whole
Month.

Before I left IVilliamJburg^ the Quartcr-Mafter-Ge-
ncral told me, that I could depend upoii 4500 Horfes,
and 200 Waggons from Virginia, And Maryland i but I
had great Reafon to doubt it, having experienced the
falfe Dealings of all in this Country, with whom I have
been concerned j wherefore, before my Departure from
Frederick, I defired Mr. Benjamin Franklin, Poft-
Mafter, of Pennfylvania, who has great Credit in that
Province, to hire 1 50 Waggons, and the Number of
Horfes necefTary j whii^h he did, with fo much Goodneft
and Readinefs, that it is almoft the firft Inftance ot
Integrity, Addrefs and Ability, that I have feen in all
thcfc Province*. All thcfc Waggons and Horfes have
r ' ' ' V .^ ." V ' joined

*■

f».~--ji0^

to Sir Thomai
to whom it

June 5, ly 55.

from Frederick^

^c 1 7th arrived
<andriay alter a
gone through
II through the
ige, and the lit-
)ur Expedition,
ps dcftincd for
lount to 2000
Lirniflied by the
; Courage and
vice can be ex-
}loyed the beil

r to ftay only a
ifficulty of get-
pafs the Moun-
noft one whole

tcr-Mafter-Ge-
1 (500 Horfcs,
Vlarylandi but I
ixpcriencrd the
ch whom I have
Departure from

.ANKLIN, Poft-

t Credit in that
the Number of
much Goodnefs
iril Inftance ot
have feen in all
nd Horfcs have
, v; joined

t
(

i
t
a
t
t

I
ii

a
c
n

|t(

|f(

joined m
miles of
tliaii the i
With thii
though 1 1
marching
trd, and
foiT me, t
tains of A

I lhoul(
innumeral
found, be
moil abfc
the Courf<
1 have air

liie G(
Purchafe I
be deliver
the Trooj:
Credit of
Aflembly,
this Expet
and ordert
the Contra
the Afleml
gagements
As this Al
immediate
of the Pur
and rcquir
count of t!
me the Bei
of little o

Anothci
to furnifh
"ome, whi(
and I faw :
dred Mile!

5»^

.ft--'«

' ( »37 ) *^

joined me, in wliich 1 lay great Strcfs. The fine Pro-
miles oi ^ir^inia and Maryland^ amounted to no more
than the furnilhing Iwcnty'Wagrrons and 200 llorft-s :
With this Number I Ihall be able to fctolf from here,
though 1 mull mcrtwith inlinitc Difficulties, particuhirly
marching with only a Part of the Ammunition I expec-
ted, and havin<j been obliged to fend a Detachment be-
fore n^ie, to lay up and Iccurc Provifions upon the Moun-
tains of A!U^auy^ which are five Days March from here.

I Ihould never tinilTi, were I to give a Detail of tiie
innumerable Inftances of the Want of Integrity, I have
found, both in general, and in particular, and of the
moil abfolute Contempt of Truth, I have met with \\\
the Courfe of this Service. I capnot help adding to wh*t
1 have already told you, two or three Examples.

Ihe Governor of yirginia fent me an Account of a
Turchafe he had made of 1100 Beeves, which were to
be delivered in June and Auguft, for the Subfiltence of
the Troops. This Purchafe had been made upon the
Credit of /;. 20,000, of that Currency, granted by tlie
AfTenibly, for the Service of his Mljefty, in Favour of
this Expedition : In Confequencc of which, I regulated
and ordered Affairs for the beft ; but a few Days after,
the Contractor of ihe laid Purchafe came to tell me, that
the Aflembly had refufed to fulfil the Governor's En-
gagements, and confequently the Purchafe became void.
As this Affair was of the greateft Confequence, I offered
immediately to engage him the Payment,upon the Terms
of the Purchafe j but the Contrador rejeded my Offers,
and required one third of the Money in Hand, on Ac-
count of the Purchafe, and would not engage tc?'clWivcr
me the Beeves before two Months, wK^h they would be
of little or no Ufe.

Another Example : The Agent o( Maryland, employed
to furnifh the Troops with Provifions, had collcfted
fome, which at firft Sigi:t, were all judged to be fpoil'd -,
and 1 faw myfelf undfer a Neccffity offending One Hun-
dred Miles to coilccl: others. 'Jhis Difpofuion of the

*^*it'

► ^T-

People

,'f':
'^h

-A

rnmsf^^*^!^

fj'

L^'

•klks^^^^^' i-'v^iil^>'"-'V,!mtf:^%«y'

^«1.,

• »i iW !>nj«, « y)< wW ! ; w^ ' -«MWi ' .' ' * mm ' mmeM imtifnmmmmm^mtimiitffKit^iim

People, not only puts back the Dcitgns of his Majefty,
but alio doubles the Expences, occafioned by the Diffi-
culty there is of the Carriage, /;; thcfe Countries yet unha-
iiicii, wihiozvny and mpratii cable to the Inhabitants thcm-
JelveSy who live in the lowed Parts, finding every where
a continued Chain of Mountains, fo that the Charges
would far exceed the principle Stock : I was thcretore
obliged to leave at Jiexandria^ a great deal of Ammuni-
tion, that would be of very great Ul'eto me here. The
Condudt of thefe Governments feems to be without a
Parrallel. This Negligence is a little excufable in the
lorcr Clafs of People, becaufe they have not been fa-
tisfied tor the Pains they have taken, being employed in
the publick Service in the preceeding Occafions, their
Payment has been neglected. We fee by Experience,
the bad Conlequences that attend fuch like Proceedings.
As I have Orders from his Majefty, to ufe all poftlblc
Means for gaining the IndianSy to our Intereft, I have
aflembled fome of them, from the Frontiers of Pennjyl-
fania, and particularly of the Six Nations^ with whom
I have had already*wo or three Conferences ; I have
made them handfome Prefcnts : They arc about Fifty
in Number -, but I hope to draw a great many more.
When I arrived in America, I was afiured, that I might
depend upon a great Number of Indians irom the South-
ward ; but the bad Condudt ot the Government of
Virginia, has turned them entirely againll us ; in Effecfl,
they behaved to the Indians with fo little Difcretion, and
fo much unfair Dealing, that we muft at prefcnt be at
great Expence to regain their Confidence ; and there is
110 trufting even thole who have embraced our Caufe.
The Situation of this Country is fuch, that the French
cannot get any Intelligence, but by Means ot the Indians,
in whofe Reports little Confidence can be put. I am
informed, there arc^but a fmall Number of them in
fort du ^lefnSy but that they cxpc6t a great Rcinforca-

s'^.

I ami

<M^<^^

<-'i*-^tsmhiiii«m

'^iHfii^-ii^^i^-rJ

f'^M-'wKrf^y

)erigns of his Majefty,
;cafioned by the Diffi-
f.hefe Countries yet unha-
the Inhabitants thcm-
5, finding every where
, fo that the Charges
jtock : I was therefore
yreat dealof Ammuni-
Ul'e to me here. The
feems to be without a
little excuHible in the
hey have not been fa-
:en, being employed in
cding Occafions, their
Ve fee by Experience,
[ fuch like Proceedings,
jefty, to ufe all poft'ible
CO our Intereft, I have
he Frontiers of Pennfyl-
ix Nations., with whom
:e Conferences ; I have

They arc about Fifty
w a great many more,
as aflTured, that I might
Indians from the South-
ot the Government of
y againft us \ in Effecfl,
fo little Difcretion, and

muft at prefent be at
onfidence -, and there is
Tt embraced our Caufe
is fuch, that the French
by Means ot the Indians^
liCc can be put. I am
11 Number of them in
pc6t a great Reinforca-

■ .-'■ *. .-. ,. ,- ,a% I ara

■m-

( 139 ) ^

I am informed, that 2000 Stand of Arms arc arrived,;
which are dcllincd to Neiu-Englandy and that they ars
ordered ^ to Nova-Scotia.

They labour at the Battoes defigned to tranfport the
Troops which arc going to attack Niagara and Creivii-
Pniut ; ncvcrthek'fs, Ne-JO-Tork, which was to furnilTi
the grcateft Part of them, does not fhew upon this Oc- .
cafion, fo much Zeal as I couldwifli. /As I am certain
that a Road through Pemtfylvania would be more pro-
per and f^fer, for fettling a Communication after the
Troops have palled the Allegany Mountains, I defired
Governor Morris to make one in that Province, from
Shippenjhurg to the River Taughyaughane. I am informed
they are i.* Work on it with great Diligence, and that
it will be finiflicd in one Month : This Road will be of
great Importance, as well for bringing me Provifions,
as tor fccuring me a Communication with the Northern
Colonies. I wait but for my laft Convoy, to begin my
March, and if no Accidents happen, I hope I fhall be-
gin it in five Days, through the y^//(?jf^«j Mountains : I^
cxpedl to meet with a great many Obftacles by what I
can hear. TheDiftance from hence to the Fort, is 1 10
Miles J. This Road cannot be travelled, without infi-
nite Labour, as it is very mountainous, and has exceed-
ing high Rocks, and in many Places, large Gutters and
Rivers to wade. I iliall embrace the firll 0>pportunity
to acquaint you with my Situation, after leaving this
Place i and am, with the moft profound Refpedl, ^c.

The Subfcrihe\\ one of the Superior Council of Quebec,
do certify that I have iranjlaled^ &c.

Two other Letters might be here annejfed, one from
General Braddock, to Commodore Keppel, dated JVil'
Har/ifburg, Feb. 27th : In this Letter he defires him t»

U 2 land

X The Diftance from Fort -Cumberland te Fort-dtt-^t/nt, Is aboat
37 Leagues, at ao to a Degree.. ,^ - v

> --f'S:

■■7:

WiAa-'

t'^-

'.-*

"f^

( 140 )

land with all Speed at .Alexandria, the Cohorns, Bombs,
and otlier Machines deftined to throw Fire either in
Vtflcls or Entrenchments. The Other is from Mr.Rokrt
Orm, Aid-de-Camp to Sir Peter llalket : He gives him
feveral Orders, and among the Kelt, His Excellency orders
you io receive all Defer ters^ and provide ihcmwith whatever
'ihcy efk ; and if they are iviliing to inlijl, he defires you
'Would take them ivitbout any Difficulty, andjiand neither up-
onTenns nor Appearance, butpajs them all j or cffe^ive Men.

A LETTER Jrom Charles Lawrence, Efiuire^ t^

General Braddock. * ■# « J-

Sir, HaUfax, May 10, 1755.

I HAVE had the Honour to receive a Letter trom
you, dated at Annapolis, in Maryland, April the 7th,
by a Venrel come two Days ago from Philadelphia : Per-
mit me to afilire you, that nothing could be a greateiV
Mortification to me, than you ihould harbour the lealf
Thought of my being Hack In my Duty towards a Ferfon
to whom I am fo much obliged. Till the very Moment
I received your Letter, Ihad neither heard ot your Ar-
rival in Virginia, nor of the Extent of your Cdmmifliens.
No fooner i knew it, but I improved the firft Opportu-
nity, of giving a general Account of the Situation of
Affairs m this Province, as alfo an Account ot the
I- orces and Troops his Majefty has here, together with
Remarks upon every Individual. I flatter myfelf you
have received them already, and that you will approve
of them.

I acknowledge, Sir, that I have acquainted Commo-
dore Keppel with the Expedition projedled to ftop the
Enterprizes of the French at Beau-fejour and St. John's
River, in the fame Manner as he himfelf has informed
you i and which had been concerted between Governor
Shirley and myfelf •, and the Reafon of my acquainting
him therewith, fprung from fome printed Orders which
Captain Rous had received from the Admiralty, to place

'"- ::;., him-

'-'^ -^^^Mlltm..

{l3|r.j*£fl(>>*-''''*-i..iti*?

himfelf ur
other Adi
Keppel wa
Knowledc
Certainty
any Judgi
miflions.
I hope yo

Licutei
Troops ur
quite befo
all Comm
the North
tl>2 French
might be
poflible fo
Lieutenan'
to let you
firft Oppo

I (hall J
augmentin
to a Thou
Moment,
Men are tc
as I have r
England, c
of thofe O
I hope yoi
for me to
Accordi
England, c
there for t
miliam Pcj
Recruits, ]
the Numb(
of our Tn
of forry T
the provinc

arns, Bombs,
'ire either in
>m Mr. Robert
At gives him
xcellency orders
with whatever
he defires you
and neither up-
cffeflive Men.

EfquirCy tf

10, 1755.
I Letter from

/f/>r/7the7th,
'delphia: Per- y
d be a greateiY
hour the lealr
vards a Perfon
very Moment
d of your Ar-

Ccftnmifl'i«ns.
firft Opportu-
: Situation of
:count ot the
together with
er myfelf you
u will approve

intcd Commo-
d to ftop the
and St. John's
f has informed
ween Governor
ny acquainting
1 Orders which
liralty, to place
him-

,»i'***-

in"^^

''*'*'''^'WBWWPff^'''\**'^'(^^

( 141 )
himfelf under the Commodore's Orders ; that, with fom*
other Advices^ made me to conclude, that Commodore
Keppel was in Virginia 1 but I had not at that Time any
Knowledge ot your Arrival in Virginia, nor even any
Certainty of your coming there, much lefs could I form
any Judgment of the Nature and Extent ot your Com-
mimons. Ihis, 6'i>, is the real Truth of the Matter:
I hope you will do me that Juliice to believe it.

Lieutenant Colonel Monckton, with the provincial
Troops under his Orders, is at prefent very near, if not
quite before, the Fort Beau-jejour -, and as 1 have cut off
all Communication by Land, between that Place, and
the Northern Parts ot the Province, in order to deprive
tlie French Inhabitants from knowing any ] tung that
might be prejudicial to our Difigns -, dietefure itTs im-
poflible tor me to acquaint you with the Frogf-ls t!ie
Lieutenant Colonel has made. I fhall have the Honoiir
to let you know the Particulars of our Enterprizc by tiie
firft Opportunity.

I (hall give particular Attention to your Orders, for
augmenting each ot the three Regiments that are licrc,
to a Thoufand Men each ; and I lliould not deiay one
Moment, if I was informed on what Condirions thclo
Men are to be railed and what Pay they arc ti) V.wc -, but
as I have not as yet received any p.r.ucular Oidcis from
England, concerning the Augmentation, and that none
of thofe Officers are yet come, whom I daily expect,
I hope you will look upon it as a Thing imprailicable
tor me to proceed therein.

According to the Advices I have received from jV^'ze;-
England, on Account of the Men who have been raifed
there for the Regiments of Governor Shir/ey, and Sir
fVilliam PeppereU's, and the Difficulties in raifing the faid
Recruits, 1 fear, that if I am obliged to fend There for
the Number of Men we (hall want, the Augmentation
of our Troops will be long upon Hand, and^compofed
of forry Troops : But I hope to iuccced better among
the provincial Levies that arc aihially at Beau-/ejcur,yvho

". (if

ii!

J 1

KiL:rbj^^''*%g^*?^;K::^^

tr 1

-■"?»o)>t»-^**r«*H**JI<^ *

( T42 )

(if I am rightly informed) are compolccl of good Men,
and may be inlilled with more Speed and lefs Expence,
than thofe that might be raifed on the Continent, after
the great Number of Recruits that have been already

raifed there.

In my Letter of the 29th of March, I propofed to
Governor Sbirleyy to make our Addrefs to yoi., that either
his Regiment, or that of Sir JVilliam PcpperelU might
pafs over Here to protect the Province, in Cafe I fliouki
think it nc :c(rary -, though I obferved at the fame Time,
that I did not fee great Need for fucii Proceedings, as I
was upon the Point ot receiving Two Thouflmd Two
or Three Hundred Men, who are now at Becu-fejcur,
the only Paflage by Land to come to this Province, and
whereby we might dread the Infults of our Neighbours
the French. I am, yet. Sir, of the fame Mind, as there
is not as yet any real Change of Affairs in Aderica : Nc-
vcrthelcfs, Ihould there be a Rupture with tiie French,
which, according to all Appearance, may happen, it would
be extreamly neceffary to ttand upon our Guard ; and I
think it my Duty to inform you, that in fuch a Cafe,
the three Regiments compleated as they are to be, to*
getherwith the Rangers, the Militia, and the Forces wc
can depend upon, would by no Means be proportionable
to the Num'ter of Pofls we have to defend, if pofliblc ;
particularly if we confider, that in the very Heart of the
Province,we have aformidableNumberof thofewhoare
€z\\td Ncutrcl Frauh, a People well experienced in the
Ufe of Arms, and in Conjunftion witla the French • ;
who, upon the leaft Attempt, Camda would make to
iKvade us : I believe it is moft probable, they would
immediately join with them. As I look upon this Ar-
ticle to be of Importance, I thought it my Duty to,
fubmit it to your Rcfleftion.

The Suhfcriber, cne of the Superior Council of Quebec,
do certify. That 1 have tranflated, &c. " Numb.

., * The Motions of thefe Frtnch were only feared then in the Time
©fa Ruptare. that U to fay, an open War ; this deftroys the Accufatl
«|t contained in the Memorials feat by Governor Cornvtalms.

1 I

jSRSSfc,---*^ • *' ■«*'^ttiy|li*"

,«-A^'«

SPREC

ly Ordt
"mtb thi

To I

My Lre r

IHAV.
with
nothing o
not yet coi
King of E
him, and \
are here b
mony of 1
I have (
for fome 1
thren the J
have yet ai
moreover ;
your fpeed
Hatchet ;
warlike Di
and Childi
the Cover
lake partic

MyE

I have !

JLifFercd, b

• This Sp
according to
Speech.

t Tht Inc
Ibl Bnglifi P

»-*.»»-j/|(|(|pil J liiW 1 1 M ••■IJI ! II IWl

of good Men,
I lels Expeiue,
antinent, after
r been already

I propofed to
,'Oii, that either
['pperell^ might
1 Cafe I flioukl
:he lame Time,
)ccedings, as I
rhoufiind Two
at Bcau-fejcur^
Province, and
)ur Neighbours
Mind, as there
I Ar^erka : Nc-
rich the French^
lappen, it would

Guard ; and I
n fuch a Cafe,

are to be, to*
I the Forces wc
proportionable
id, if pofliblc;
:ry Pleart of the
of thofewhoare
»erienced in the

the Fremh * ;
vould make to
►le, they would
k upon this Ar-
ic my Duty to^

mcil of QuebeC;
Numb.

d then in the Time
ellroys the Accufati-

CoRNVtALMS.

feMifllMWfe^

( HJ ) ;

. NUMB. XIV. '

SPEECHES made, and pronounced to the Indians,

hy Order, and under the Jn/peSlion of C»Unel Johnfon,

w/'/Z' the Anfwers made to him.

F I R S T S P E E C H». i

TV the Six Nations, from General Braddock.

My Brethren and Allies of thp Six Nations,

IHrWK already called you fevcral Times, to trcaE
with you about different Affairs, which I knew
nothing off, before I had been with you, and which are
not yet come to the Knowledge of your Father the great
King of England, of which I fhall be careful to inform
him, and to offer you, by hisOrders, the Prefents which
are here before you, and which he gives you as a Tcftt*
mony of his paternal Affeftion.

I have detained you, and your Wives and Children,
for fome Time, hoping in a few Days, to fee your Bre-
thren the Delwjsares ■\ •, but feeing it is uncertain that they
have yet arrived, and as I know you love to be inAftion,
moreover as the Service of the King your Father requires
your fpeedy Affiftance, I propofe to you to take up tht
Hatchet ; and that you may the bettec exerrife your
warlike Difpofitions, I promife you, to fend your Wivo*
and Children to Pennfylvania : I have recommended to
the Governor of that Province, in the King's Namc„t«
take particular and fraternal Care of them.

A fine Belt of fVampum.

My Brethren and Allies of the Six Nations,
I have a real Concern, to find how much you have
Jliffercd, by the Abufe and Deceit of your perfidious

Neighbours
* This Speech is the firft in General Braddqck'i Regilter » but
according to all Appearance, it was pronounced after the foUawiag^
Speech.

t Tht /«<//<!« are likewife call'd the Wolves. They have quitted
ibt Bngii/b Part/ fines the Afl'^ii^yji of ^, dt Jvm«jiyi%li.

•# '

.! ' iS'UJWi/.' .

! ;

' A

mmffUfn^

( M4 )

Neighbours the Frertcb J, as well as by fome of your
Brethren the E/ig.'iJh : The French have infinuated unto
you, tlint wc wiio arc your faithful Brothers, had defigned
to drive vou out of all your Lands, of Hunting and
Game, and to Tize on them for .our own proper Ufe.
Vou have been much deceived, when you aififtcd the
French to execute the horrid Defign with which they have
charged us, in putting them in the real Pofleffion of thefe
very l^ands which we had defigned to iecure unto you,
for your Ufe alone, and particular Intercfl:. I declare
unto you, in the Prefence of your Chiefs and Warriors
here aflemblcd, and according to the Inilrudions I have
ijeceived from the great King your Father, that if you
will unanimoufly * grant me your Affiftance^ I will put
you again in PojJ'effwn of y-r Lands^ of which you have
been difpoflefled by French Deceit, and cheating Tricks,
and fccure unto you a free open Trade in America^ from
the Rifing unto the Setting of the Sun. It is very well
known, that I have no particular Views, nor Defign,
hut that of ferving mutually the Interefts of the King of
England^ your Father, and of the Six Nations, and their
Allies; and' I pi-omife you, to be your Fjiend and Bro-
therly as long as the Sun and Moon fliall lal^,

,A grand Belt of Wampum.

I have been told, that as upon the foregoing Occafi-
ons, you had fome Prefents from us, fome were idle
enough to excite your young People to drinU* and by

that

X Here they don't accufe the Frenth fo much of Violence tow«ids
(hi InJians, as of Artifice in gaining their Nighbours ; how can thcfe
Difcoarfes agree with thofe of Mr. tVafiingtoM, who would perfuade
thefe fame Iroquois, that he was csnaeonly at their Requeil and opot
their repeated Complaints ?

• The Six Nations have been expel'd by the French. He would
only put them in PofTcflion of their Properties. Thefe are they who
pray'd the EngUjh to come ; Neverthelefs, he btgs them unanimcufly
to afliil the En{lijh ; the pretended Deliverers are here redoced to beg
and pray for Aififtance.

$ Whence came the Rights of the £ff;///!^ upon the Oi^/tf, if they
poOcfs not the Lands which it waters, no otherwife than a* Sovereijjqf
«,f ;^e Ittquiis, " *

thatMeai
prevent I
ven Orde
found coi
your Con
Manner,
ample Jui
I have
Pleafure,
you divid(
and natun
may deper
for your S
Shot, to t
them.

My Brei
Condudl 01
Half King:,
as well as
would will
his Death ^

* MyB
You are
French lafl
Brethren tl
I am very
an Inclinati
^ithtFrenc
and that yo
with me, I
fion, and re
unto you, i
your Fathei
The 15th

•Thedepul
ufwer him up
eloquent Apo]

'"'Mm'.'

me of your
inuated unto
had deligned
lunrinj?; and
proper Ufe.
J atfiftcd the
ich they have
:(rion of thefe
re unto you,
[I. I declare
and Warriors
anions 1 have
r, that if you
csy I will put
ich you have
:ating Tricics,
America^ from
It is very well
, nor Defign,
of the King of
ions., and their
riend and Bro-
Ulaf.

cgoing Occafi-

ome were idle

irin\i:, and by

I thai

Violence tow«d»

} how can thefe

,,jo would perfuade

Reqaeft and upot

lench. He would

[hefe are they who

Ithem unanimeufl/

ere redaced to beg

theOWfl, if they]
ItbanaiSovcreigpi

( H5 )
that Means made no Account ot what they gave you. To

prevent for the future, fuch like Proceedings, I have gi-
ven Orders, by thrcatning with Death, all thofe that be
found convidted of chat Crime : I beg you will fend me
your Complaints agaiiifl: all fuch as will aft in the like
Manner, and as a Tricnd and Brother, I fliall render you
ample Juftice.

I have no more to defire, but to fee you receive with
Pleafure, the Prefcnts which arc before you, and to fee
you divide them amongfl: you, according to yourCuftom
and natural Equity. I hope they will be agreeable. You
may depend upon great Rewards from Time to Time,
for your Services. I have ordered Arms, Powder and
Shot, to be delivered to fuch of your Warriors as want
them.

My Brethren^ I have been informed of the perfidious
Conduct of the French towards our deceafed Brother, the
Half King \ and ta convince you how far I am fenfible,
as well as you, of his ill Treatment, in hopes that you
would willingly join with me, to revenge him, I cover
his Death with this BELT.

* My Brethren^ Delawares and Chauanons, *
You are to blame, for following the Counfel of the
\French laft Autumn, to murder a Number of your
Brethren the Englijhy in their Habitations in Carolina.
I am very well perfuaded, that it did not happen from
an Inclination natural to you, but only by the Inftigation
of the French ; therefore, if you acknowledge your Fault,
and that you are openly and voluntarily refolved to join
with me, I fhall freely forget this unhappy Tranfgref-
fion, and receive you ftill as Brethren. This I confirm
lunto you, in the Name, and as the Deputy of, the King
lyour Father, with this String of Wampum. Signed,
The I stb of May, 1 755. JOHNSON.

X SE-

* The deputed Iroquois, before whom Mr. John/cn fpoke, could not
linfwcr him upon the SuggeiUons that ht charges to the French in the
iloquent Apoftrophf which h« makct here t9 the Dtlewsrn and

"hauanontt

*■;♦.

»A-*l

WxL .

-.-flu.

■|*i>/>. '.'.k*'

a.i.1,:

9mimm

ttffijfmrymmtmiiirmmi > i .■■ ■■ n ww-

( u<5 )

SECOND SPEECH.
The S?EEC H of the IIonourahle\W iLLi\M]omiOV ,
fI LerintenlJnt of Indian Aftairs, to thel^Varrtors

■in the Pre fence of Lieutenant Butler, c/ Ruiherordi

Tohn B\itler, of Mc£rs. Daniel CUiufe, Peter Wraxai,
&r/L> Indiai; Aftuirs; WUliam Pnntu, Jacob
Clement, hittrprcters. . .•

« ■ My Brethren of both Caftks of the Anles,

I WIPE away all Tears from your Eyes, and clear
yor Throat, that you may hear and fpeak ..uhout
ConLint. I rejoice to fecyou, and falute you with all

my Heart. . *

Gives a String of JVampum. i.j«f„«„ in

1 defire you to conform to what I demanded of you, m
a Lett r wlich I wrote to you from N^fork, as foon a
!returnedfrom^/r^.«/., wherein I prayed all yourCh^s
and Warriors to wait my coming home, to hear Mews,
Tnd be formed of the oJders whichl have received from
h^ Excellency General Braddock (^^\S^f ^f a".of
whom the King our common Father, has fent to thii
CouSry, with a gr«^ Number of Troops, of great Guns,
and oSr Implements of War, to proteft Y""' ^.^ we^
as his Subiefts upon this Continent, and defend you
againft all Ihe Ufurpations and Infults of the W-
^I have been to wait upon this great Man, along with
the Governors of Boftor,^ New-Tork, P^nnfylva^m^^
Maryland : we had alfo there, ^he Governor of A^J
and another great Man, who, in this Part of the Wo.^*^'
commands all the Men of War belonging to £« K>"g.
In the Grand Council, many important Affairs have been
deUberaSiVamong which, the Intereft and Safety of our
B^eth^n the Si. Nations, and their Allies, were confide-

red with great Attention. « j »u^ -Rpft of

My Brethren, The Tree which you and the Reft o
' She L Nations, have fo often and earncfUy dcfircd, that

■ ■ I 'p . ll f.

AM JOHNSOM,

the Warriors
quois Indians,
' Ruiherford'i
of hmC.enant
'eter Wraxall,
Printu, Jacob

es,

yes, and clear

fpeak without

ite you with all

nded of you, in
York^ as foon as
I all your Chiefs
to hear News,
^e received from
great Warrid|
las fent to thii
1, of great Guns,
:6t you, as weil
ind detend you
)f the French.
/Ian, along with
Pennfylvania and
:rnor of Virginia^
rt of the World,
ing to the King.
Affairs have been
and Safety of our
es, were confide-

and the Reft of
icftlydcfircd,that

•*-^, J., .,i„Llilg|

IMmJ} ' 'iWW

( H7 )
It fhould be replanted, is grown, by fuch a mighty Hand,
that its Roots penetrate into the Bottom of the Earth,
and its Branches are a refrefhing Shade, to cover you,
and your Allies. As I am to acquaint you, that, agree-
able to the Inftruftions which the King your Father, has
given to General Braddock, I am nominated to be alone
Superintendant over all the Affairs that fliall concern
you and your Allies, in this Part of the World, I invite
you, and your Brethren, the Six United Nations^ and your
Allies, to aflemble under ^his Tree, where you may
freely open your Hearts, and heal your Wounds, and
at the fame Time I tranfport the Shade of that Fire which
was in Albmiy^ and rekindle the Fire of Council and
Frierulfhip, in this Place : I Iliall make it of fuch Wood,
as Ihiiil produce the grcateil Light, and greateft Heat :
I hope it will be ferviceable and comfortable to all thofe
who fhall come to light their Pipes at it \ and that the
fparkling, and flaming Coals thereof, will burn all thofe
who are or (hall be its Enemies.

I hope that you, and all your Brethren, would be glad
to encreafe the Luftre and Splendor of this Fire, in mind-
ing and keeping it always up -, applying yourfelves to it
with that Diligence and Zeal as may derive a Blefllng
from it, not only upon you, but upon all your Pofterity.
To obtain and alcertain that falutary End, it is abfolutely
neceflary that you extinguifh all the Fires kindled by
Means of Deceit and Fraud, and not natural, which
light but to deceive and deftroy you and yours./f BELT.
My Brethren^

By this Belt of Wampum, I cleanfe the Council-
Chamber, to the End that there be nothing ofTenfive
therein, and I hope that you will take care that no evil
Spirit creep in among us, that nothing may interrupt
our Harmony.

Gives a String of Wampum.
♦ My Brethren^

I am concern'd to fee at my Return, that many of the

two Villages defire to go to Canada j I fhould be much

X 2 furpr\7.e4

■1«»- ::-

■ii^'ll"

furprizcd that you who have Uen our moft faitful
Friends and nearcftNighbours,woi)ld upon any Occafion
(hew yourDefirc to be deceived by the wicked Artifices
oUht French, who are fo well known, and oi whon you
have hadfuch f.ual ivxpcrience, efpecially when that
reftlefs and perfidious Nation breaks the moll folennn
Treaties, and violates all the Obligations of Honourand
Tuftice 1 this would be the nioft furprizing Thing in the
World i but I hope that what I have been told upon that
Subied, has no Foundation. I dc fire and infift that
none ot you upon any Pretence whatfoever, have any
Correfpondence with the F;f«f/^, nor receive none of their
Emiflariei, nor go to Canada without nny Knowledge
and Approbation. ^

Upon this Condition 1 give you a 15 e l t.
I intend immediately to call your other Brethren of
the Six-Nations, to this prelent Fire : 1 hope that you 1
come here along with them. I fhall deliver a Speech ot
his Excellency General Braddock, accompanied with
Prefents for you, which the great King your Father lent
by that Warrior. , a l

Jfterfome Moments ofConfultation between them, Abra-
liam, one of the Chiefs of the Upper Village, got up, and
fpske thus for the 'Two.
My Brother,
You have call'd us, to let us know the Tidings you
have brought with you, and we have underftood all that
you have faid -, we defer until the Six-Nations are all af-
fembled here, to give an exaft Account of all Affairs.
Gives a String of Wampum.
My Brother, We Thank you for being fo willing to
wipe the Tears from our Eyes, and to cleanfe our
Throats and this Floor : We do as much, with this
String of Wampum.

Gives a String of Wampum.
A^ Brother, To comply with your Requeft, we have
here met together, and with great Attention, heard all
that you have faid j we thank you for your kind Imor-

rnation •, v

greet you

My Bro
the great ]
that our f
thank him
Satisfadio
thatTree.
you defer
of all you

My Bro
Ihaded us,
of Albany^
and Frien
Wood, fc
fortable ai
as Friend;
Enemies ;
Onontague
another at
burnt clea
fatisfied t<

My Bn
thren, the
fit under
I'ipcs, at I
ihould en(
they woul
de fired to
be aflemb
of your S

My Brc
Council C
fenfive th
all we ca
might ten

I This

■j/^^igiaift**'^ '■'-"■ ^

.....,^ . ."-i

mod laitful
1 any Occafion
ckcd Artifices

of whon you
lly when that

moll folemn
of Honour and
; Thing in the
told upon that
and infift that
ver, have any
'enone of their
ny Knowledge

Belt. •
ler Brethren of
lope that you'll
ver a Speech ot
ompanied with
our Father fcnt

ee» them^ Abra-
ige^ got «/>, and

\t Tidings you
icrftood all that
ations are all af-
of all Affairs,
m.

ng fo willing to

to cleanfe our

luch, with this

equeft, we have

ention, heard all

'our kind Infor-

mationj

( »49 )
matlon •, we arc ch.irm'd to fee you again once more, and

greet you with this Sting of Wampum.

They give it.

My Brother^ \Yc. have ortcn rcprcfcnted to our Father
the great King thatthcTrce advanced. We are very glad
that our Father has comply'd with our Demand, and
thank him tor it mod fincercly. We have had the greateft
Satisfaction to hear all that you have faid cone rrnlng
thatTree. We finccrely wilh that it may continue 1 jch as
you defcribed in your Speech, and we are very fallible
of all you laid upon the Subicdl.

My Brother^ You have told us that the Tree which
Ihaded us, is now replanted here ; you made it th'-* Shade
of Albany^ and you have rekindled the Fire of Frudence
and Friendfhip, which muft be made of good everlafting
Wood, fo that it fhall be alwayr clear, and give com-
fortable and falutary Hear, to all that will approach it,
as Friends, whilll it (hall burn and inflame againll it*
Enemies i our firft tathers had kindled this Fire firfl: at
Onontague, and carried the fmall Coals of it to rekindle
another at the Habitation of -juicier]-. This Fire never
burnt clear, and was almolt cxtinguilhcd -, wc are well
fatisfied to hear that you have rekindled it.

My Brotbtr^ You have invited us all, and our Bre-
thren, the SixUmtcd Nations,and their Allic3,to come and
fit under that Tree you fpoke ot, there to light our
Pipes, at the Fire of Prudence, and that we and they
ihould endeavour to preferve it. We don't doubt but that
they would be glad to fee it planted here, haviii;'; all
defired to fee it •, but we inulldehiy, until all the Naiums,
be affembled here in a Body, tor to anfwcr that Article
of your Speech.

My Brotbery We thank you for having cleanfed this
Council Chamber, and for moving all that might be of- '
fenfive therein •, you may afllire yourfelf that we vill do
all wc can to anfwer your Intention, and avoid all th?.c
misht tend to trouble or diftufb our mutual Harmony.

I This i» Albany in the Indian Language.

"'■"— — %-- p* ••

m^prnmimm

( »5« )

My Brother, You have told us, that you had been in-
formed, that fomc of us were going to the Irtitch, and
you put us in Mind of their Condu(5t towards our An-
ceftors, whom we remember very '.vc<I, for their Bones
arc yet to be feen : We know that the French arc (alie
and deceitful •, they have given us very line Words, and
their Letters were fwcet, but their Hearts were full ot'
Toyfon for us. You know our AHuirs, my Brethren, as
well as wp,and that the reft of the Six- Nations are jealous
of us, becaufe wc ulcd the Hatchet laft War againtl the
French. Shall wc be now accounted falfj and deceitful?
No, you may be allured, that we will not go to Canada
uix)n any Requeft of the French, becaufe we are not fo
much in their Fricndlhip -, alfo, my Brotiier, do not be-
lieve all the Reports that may be made to you upon
that Subjed.

My Brother, We thank you yet once more for all you
have told us. Wc have already faid that it was neceflary
the Six-Nations were aflembled here, to give a pofitivc
Anlwcr. We thank you for thelnvitation you gave us to
come here with theRcft of our Brethren. Wc will not fail
to meet them here.

The Chief Mohaivk( Ames) of the uf per Village having

required to have a Conference with Co/ow/ Johnfon, in the

Prefenee of the Secretary Jor Indian Jffairs, and the two

Interpreters, AbrAham fpoke in the Name of the Chief, and

Jaid,

My Brethren,

"When you were at New-Tork, you told us that our
Chiefs and Warriors (hould rcfl on their Mats, and wait

there until your Return ; which we have done : And

why (hould we not, lecingwe have at all Times appeared
ready to oblige you ! and we are the more particularly
difpos'd to obey you, fince you tell us that you are a
Tree replanted, in order to put us under your Shade,
and we don't doubt but that our Brethren ot the other
Five-Nations are all difpol#B to obey you.

.>....•.;: ..;-.- .:..-- A.My

■ni""

My
It is VI
obliging
hiivc us n
go a Hi
nothing t
reprefent
not havir
them Ion
Subfillen
ol the otl
fents fent
pray you
My
■ As we
renew th
ment, tc
Children

Breti

IAMp
me,
my fVordi
has enga^
rhefrefh
towards )
and to W)
great Hu
at this 1
you what
Bullets.

Before
the Gove
your Fan
be hath ^
Jhallgo A
Ma

Tw^wfnaivwr

nu had been in-
he rnnchy and
iwards our An-
for their Boncj
French arc lalie
ine Words, and
irts were full ot'
ny Urcthrcn, as
uions are jealous
War againll the
: and deceitful ?
t go to Canada
ife we are not fo
ther, do not bc-
ide to you upon

more for all you

: it was ncccflary

give a pofitivc

1 you gave us to

We will not fail

cr Village having
Johnfon, in the
rs, and the two
of the Chief, and

told us that our
Mats, and wait

: done : And

Times appeared
nore particularly
i that you are a
ler your Shade,
iren of the other

.*^

..^-'r^9t»*-:ir

Y-:

( »5» )

My Brother^

It is very true, that wc have been always obedient and
obliging to you, and feeing you told us that you would
have us roll in tlu: Cabin, our your.g Men being ready to
go a Hunting, being detain'il by your Orders, have
nothing to fublill on ; they have begg'd our Chiefs to
rcprefcnt their Condition to you, they want cvcryl'hing i
not having been a I hinting, and to pray you to give
them lomc Powder and Shot, to kill fomc Game for their
Subfillence, as it will be fomc Time before the Arrival
ol the other Fiir-Natious, and all of us receive the Prc-
fents lent us by the King our Father •, whilft wc wait, we
pray you to give us what is purely nccelTary for us.
My Brother,

As we torefee the hard Seafons are approaching, we
renew the Prayers to you wc often made to the Govern-
ment, to build a PLce for the Safety of our Wives and
Children i we hope you will adually cxcaitc it.

Colonel Johnson 'j Anf-joer, '

Brethren,

I AM perfectly well convinced of your good Difpojitiom for
me, and of your Complaifance at all Times, to lijlen to
my IVords, and to do what I demand of you : It is that which
has engaged me to take your Affairs in my Conjideration.
Thefrefh Proofs you give me of your Friend/hip, and Regard
towards me, will enable me toferveyour Inter efls eff equally,
and to my own Satisfaiiion. I am fenftble I have dene you
great Hurt, as alfo to your young Men, for detaining them
at this Time, upon their Mats ; wherefore I readily grant
you what you require of me, and will give you Powder and
Bullets.

Before Heft New- York, I reprefented before your Brother
the Governor, the Neceffity of Building a faie Retreat for
your Families ; and I have the Pleafureto acquaint you, that
he hath given me a full Power to do it, and the fVorkmt»
jhallgo about it asfoon aspofftble. Signgd,

May 17th, 1755. JoHNSOM.

..... .,,.■ . - ,,...-,-,.,. - . •«

\r'>

■N-

■A

tmmmmmm mi(ifi'i'''mm ^}^ . ■■ ' !-... >

C 152 )

yf LETTER from Colonel Johnfon, to Mr. Arenc

Stevens, the hulian Interpreter for the L'rovince.

ACCORDING to the Ittjlru^iiom given to General
Brauuork, by his Majejly^ be has been ■pleafed to
entruji me with the Jole Direction and Management u/ Indian
Affairs, to wit. for the Six Unified Nations and their Allies \
you are therefore to give Attention, and follow the Orders you
fjjall receive from me on that Head.

I fend you this Letter by James Clement, with two Belts
cflVampum, /»<?//»/(?/■ //^^ Five Upper Nations, which you
are to give them in my Name, and acquaint them, that the
Troops who are now on their March, and thofe who may
march hereafter for Chauaguen, are to reinforce that Gar-
rifon, and to proteSl it againfi any A£l of flofiility from the
French, who faid, that it belonged neither to us, nor to the
Six Nations, and that they would pull it down.

At myfirfi Anival, Ijent a String of PFampm ; but left
thatJJjould not be fufficient, I now fend this Belt. If you
find that the Indians are dif quieted, And alarmed at the March
of theje Trodps through their Country, floould it proceed from
their Jealcufy, or the deceitful Inftnuations of French Emif-
furies, you fhall affure them in my Name, that they are def-
tinedfor the Safety and Advantage of the Six Nations, aW
their Allies Tou floall exhort them to give no Heed to any
Lies which the French might tell them on that Account,
lehofe Aim and Defire is, to take both us and them, xvhile we
are aflecp, to cut us off from the Face df the Earth ; that
they knawvety well, the only Means to obtain their Defire,is
to trouble anddejlroy the brotherly Love andConJidence which
have fo long and fo happily fub/iflcd between us. Tou fhall
make ufe of Argirnents to that Purpofe, or fucb like, as
Circumjtances will require.

The ether Belt which I fend you, is to inform them of the
Ccmmiffion whjch the King their Father, has given me, gran-
,ed at their repeated Inftances ; and that in Execution of
General Braddock'j Orders, by this Belt I invite and call
the Six Nations to come to me, together with their Allies j
that I have kindled at my Houfe, a fire 0/ Council and

Friend-

^,.

-«.,-.'. ;;;"5?*f¥ '^'■

^■s->

m^.

t}.
p

H
R

th
pr

'»;

fr>
Co

U'l

thi

tO'^

111:

vry

ihnfon, to Mr. Arent
••/or the :'rovince.
\iiions given to General
he has beat pleafed to
i Management jf Indian
[Nations and their Allies ;
znd follow the Orders you

Element, with two Belts
per Nations, which you
acquaint tbem^ that the
rch^ and tboje who may
re to reinforce that Gar-
A51 of Hoflility from the
neither to usy nor to the
pull it down,
tg of Wampttm \ hut kfl
fend this Belt. If you
nd alarmed at the March
7, fljould it proceed from
mations of French Emif-
'lame., that they are def-
of the Six Nations,, ««</
m to give no Heed to any
I them on that Account ^
'h us and them^ while we
l-'ace df the Earth ; that
r to obtain their Defire^is
,0V e (indConfidence which
i between us. Tou fhall
''urpofcy or fuch like, as

is to inform them of the
ther, has given me, gran-
td that in Execution of
is Belt I invite and call
gether with their Allies ;
, a lire of Council and
Friend-

''''*'n>m>~^.

*"'

( 153 )

Friendfhip, and replanted the pactf Tree, which Jfiall fhelier
th>:ni, and all thofe who will come under it ; that 2 have d
Prefent to make th'em, from the King their Father -, much
good News to tell them, and a Council to hold, concerning
feveral Affairs of (he greatefi Ccnfeqtience, relating to their
Happinefs and IVell-being. If you find that any French
Emiffary has been tampering with them, in order to diffuade,
them from coming to me, you fmll employ your left and moft
proper Arguments, to diffrpate thofe hnprefficns, and fhall
in/ijt upon their Obedience, and upon the Condejfcen/ion du§
from them to Ui. If they fay they are planting their .
Corn, and floould they come KPiv, they would lofe their Har-
•vsfl, and want Provifions -, ycu fijall affure them, that I
will take Care of them, and will make good to them all their
Lofs occaftoned thereby : But be furs in akl with PrudenCt
upon that Article, and promife with Precaution.

I have had a Conference at both the Mohawk Towns ;
they were fatisfied with the two Belts, and have pr^omifed
to join me here, whenever the other Nations come down }
wherefore urge them to it as much as you can.

I have fent you fome Goods by Mr. Clement ; make ufi
of them as you fee Caufe ; and when you have brought the
Indians tojhe German Flats, you will find Provifions at,
tir^ Houfct of which I defire you to keep Account.

I am^ Tours i &c.
Signed,

William Johnson." " -g^

A true Copy of what -iaas done by the HoneurableWiWum
Johnfon, Efqi and Peter Warpall J, Secretary for Indian
Affairs.

■>'■■-*.

ITHE SubfCriber, of the Superior Coundl' of ^ebecy
do certify. That I have tranflated, ^c.

NUMB.

X i>uppofj|{d to b« Wraxall.

, .■«.-. »y i>«ii i)j i Ky CTr;y*''j»gyg'4'-;7^^'"':''"

NUMB. XV.
J LETTER tvritten by Sir William Johnfon,. to

difmnt Governors, concerning the Plan of the Expedition

againjt tl". Fort at Crown-Point.

New-Yorky May 5, 1755.

j% S I am nominated Commander in Cbief of the
/\ Colonies Forces, with Regard to the Expedition
fropofcd againd Crown-Point, 1 think it my Duty, to
endeavour all 1 can, to remove all the Obftacles that
might come in the Way of the prefent Service, and pre-
vent every Thing that might not tend to the Succcfs ot
this Undertaking : As a Train of Artillery is cffentially
fieceflary, that nothing can be done without it, idon'j
doubt of your doing all in your Power to haten all
Things on that Head, that our March may not be de-
Uyed J and that we may not tarry longer at Many than
is neccffary, which might confirm the Enemy m the Suf-
ticioH of an Attack, if thhfhould unfortunately have Know-
ieigt cfit. I much fear, I (hall want proper Pcrfons to
manage the Train of Artillery ; wherefore, if you have
in your Province, any Perfon capable of being an En-
ainecr, or Bombardeer, or any other fit Perfon to manage
the Train of Artillery, I deflre you would engage them
into the Service, according to the Knowledge you may
have of their Capacity. You muft know alio, we want
a great Number of Boats, for tranfporting the Troops,
^befidesthofe that are ncceffary for the Train of Artillery.
Ammunition and Baggage \ every Battoe muft carry five
Meri* We have already thofc which this Government
was to provide us : As I imagine the other Colonies arc
to get thofe Batroes (which they are to furnifli) built
either here or in the Jtrfeys^ I look upon it as a Thing
impofliblc to build a fufiicient Number in Time, unlefs
they fend us Workmen to help us. I am, ^c.

'^ Signed, William Johnson.

I'Tbe Subfcriber, w of the Superior Council of Quebec,
do tertifft That 1 havt tranjlated, &c,
^•^ NUMB.

:^M^

■-' m.

J PRC

Lawn
Inhabi
Banks

By Order

teHisnt I
of No

fo the In,
Bay-V,

their D
fubmitti

FOR/
tant!
as yetfubn,
but on th<
ner contra
their own
Thefe
diately to
with then
and every
whereof, t

tThU is
rreaty of Uii
■iflion ?

f 'Si, ' * j'> i} i * v fm

I Johnfon,, to

'the Expedition

fay 5» «755-
Cbief of the
he Expedition
my Duty, to
Obftacles that
vice, and pre*
the Succcfs of
ry is cflentially
out it, I don't
• to haften all
lay not be de-
2X. Albany than
ntmy in the Suf-
':ely have Know-
per Pcrfons to
re, if you have
f being an En-
rfon to nnanag^
Id engage them
ledge you may
V alio, we want
ig the Troops,
lin of Artillery,
muft carry five
lis Government
ker Colonies are
x> furnini) built
n it as a Thing
n Time, unleu
im, f^c.
[AM Johnson.

ncil of Quebec,
NUMB.

-- ( 155 )

NUMB. XVI.

A PROCLAMATION direHed hy Order of Charles
Lawrance, Efq-, Governor of Acadia, to the French

Inhabitants of the Neighbourhood of the Ifthmus, and tht
Banks of the River St. John.

, . . By the Y^ll^Ci.

By Order of his Excellency Charles Lawrance, Efq; Lieif
tenant Govirnor, and Commander in Chief of the Province
of Nova -.Scotia, ^r Acadia, ^c,

A PROCLAMATION. ,

to the Inhabitants, and others^ the Natives ofCh\gnc6xoi
Bay-V\:rt, Tintamar, Chipoudie, River St. John, and
their Dependenciesy and to all others who have not as iet
fubmitted tbcmfelves.

FORASMUCH as thegreatcft Part of thclnhabi-
tants of the Places aforelaid, aad others, have not
as yet fubmitted themfclves to tiac King of Great- Britain ty
but on the contrary, have behayed themfelves in a Man-'
ner contrary to all Order andLoyaky, with Regard to
their own Sovereign.

Thele are therefore to order them^ to repair imme-
diately to my Camp, to fubmit themfelves ; bringing
with them all their Arms, Mulkets,. Swords, PiftolsT
and every other Inftrument of War ; in Difobedienre
whereof, they Ihall be treated as Rebels.

GI^EN at our Camp at Chignefto, this izth of

Signed, Robert Monckton.
End of the firfi PART. ;

• ;■ . S

■r'^^*''rrl* '■'""'^aWe, how came it to pafs, that ever fince th«
iiffi '^^ * ^*'-:cht, 11 sever entered ia the Miad to require thii SuJb-

y-i

fi-^^^ii^~.,^^r,m,,mmm^ Lm jm ^. V j»^ . i ;S^»fe, ^Ai*^^ ,^|^.^^ij ■> ..

tobir

•A

'Jirf>n.^ion of Papers, tending to 'vindicate the Condun of
VhecZ S- France in An%cr to tbeOhfervatjom fent
t^^M-^ry. toUefn'era^^^^^^^^ cf Europe.
^ ART the ShCO N U.

N U M B. I. , ^ .,. .
^MFMORIAL ^f //^^r^^ *y the Duke de Mirepoix,
/.^rr Thomas Robinfon, January the 15/^ 1755-
- S an immediate Prevention of the Confcquerce.
which may arife from the uncxpcaed Differ-
ences in the feveral Colonies ot North- Jmn-
ca. and the HoftiUties which attended them,
is a Matter of the utmoft Importance, ' the King
J.o(.l^^^^ Majefty, tliat, previous to

STrqiiry into the Foundation and Orcumftances of
this D Se" pofitive Orders (l^ould be ient to our
rerpefhve Governors, to forbid their cngagmg from
heSnhinanyaew Enterprize, or ^-^^^^^^^
Aft.; of Violence : On the Contrary, to enjom tliem
^Uhou De ay, 1 eftablifh Matters in the fame Situation
v^ th Refpeft^ to the Territory of Oho or La Belle-Ru
r ,r^ In^hich they were, or ought to have been, before
the laft War , and that the refpeaive Pretenfion (hould
be a^ icably fubmitted to the Comm.ffion appointed at
P.S to the End that the Differenced between the two
Cou m may be terminated by a fpeedy Reconcihafon

The King is Hkewife defirous, in order to remove

eveTy uneatV Impreflion, and to make his Subjefts per-

. S happy in the Enjoyment of the ineftimableBlef-

' finEs of Peace, that his £n7^««K^ Majeily would be

opfn and explicit with Regard to the Caufe and Defti-

' nSn of the Armament laft raifed in England ^

^ The K ng has too great a Confidence m the Upngll^

ncf] of his |w/.««//Majefty's Intentions, not toexpea

That he will give his free and ready Concurrence to Pro-

tft^nlb conducive to the ^ftablifhment of Peace

- FotrSupporto^^ '"^'^"''^

Harmony betweenpur t^Cov^t.^^^^^^^^

,; ^ '■ •■ ' 'MdMB,

:jlii'<ii'Mii ■iriit^T''--' -"■• ' i^t^ '■^''

e the Conduct of
Jbfervations fent
'ourts of Europe.
D.

ke de Mirepoix,
r 15th, ty 55.
le Confequerces
rxpcfted Differ-
of North- Ameri-
attended them,
nee,'' the King
liat, previous to
:ircumftances of
be icnt to our
engaging from
committing any
•to enjoin them
lie fame Situation
? or La Belle-Ri-
lave been, before
'retenfion (hould
Hon appointed at
between the two
Reconciliation,
order to remove
; his Subjefts per-
ineftimable Blef-
[ajeily would be
Caufe anS pefti-
Englajtd.

;e in the Upright-
idns, nottocxped
incurrence to Pro-
(hment of Peace,
iU;y, and a good

jc//f Mirepoix.
' MdMB,

( i|7 )
N U M B. II. ^- -

'1'he Answer to the foregoing MemoricU diUvered hy Or-
der of the Englifh Courts to the Duke dc Mirepoix,
January 22^, 1755.

THE King has beheld with Concern theunexpefted
Differences in North- America^ and the Hoftilitics
wuii which they have been accompanied : His Majcfty
is equally defirous, with the modChriJlian King, to jJuC
an End to them ; demanding nothing but what is foun-
ded on Treaties, and is agreeable to the juft Rights and
Pofleflions of his Crown, and the Proteflion of his
Subjeds in that F.^rt of the World.

The King is of Opinion, that the P opofal communi-
cated by h's Excellency the Duke ie Mirepoix^ is not
■f xprefs as to that Ma;/er : Neverthei .:is, to manifelt his
Defire of maintaining the moft pcrf'-xt Peace, Union and
Harmony, with his mofi: Chrlftian Majcfty, ahd to the
End that Matters may be re-cftabliflicd on an equitable
Footing, his Majefly propofcs, that the Poflellion of the
Country along ihe /?/wr Ohio or Bellc-Riviere^ fliould
be rcftored to the fame Condition as it actually was in
at the Conclufion of the Treaty of Utrecht, and accor-
ding to the Stipulations made in the fame Treaty-, as it
has been renewed by that of Aix-la-ChapeUe -, and more-
over, that the other Pofleflionsin North- America, be rc-
ftorcd to the fame Condition in which they were at the
Conclufion of the faid Treaty of C//ytY/v, and agreeable ^
to the CefTions and Stipulations made by that Treaty.
And then his Majefty will be able to treat of the Method
of inftrudting the refpedlive Governors, to reftraiathem
from engaging henceforward in any new Enterprizes,
or committing any Hoftilities •, and the Pretenfions on
both Sides, may then be fubrtiitted to be fpeedily and
finally dilfufTed, and amicably adjufted between the cwq
Courts.

Such are the Sentiments of his Majefty : The Defence
of his Rights and Poffeflloni, and the Protedion of his
Subjefls, have been his folc Motives for fending an

•^Armament

.^ ^^^:-if^f$t

'•?»

■ . ( 158 )

Armrment into North-Americoy which he profefles ro
■have done wiibout an Intention to injure any Power that
txijisy or to engage in any Thins; that has a Tendency to
violate the general Peace f. To be convinced of tiiis, the
Nature and Extent of that Armament need only to be
confidered : And the King does not doubt but that his
mod Chriftian Majefty, according to the well known
Uprightnefs of his Intentions, will be as open and expli-
cit, with Refped to kis great naval Preparations at Rrefi
and Toulon. Signed, T. Robinson.

NUMB. III.
R EP L Y /o /^? Memorial of Sir Thomas Robinfon,

fent by ^h; Duke do Mirepoix, February 6th, 1755.

■~MiE King is too well convinced o^ the fincere Dif-

pofition oftheKingofGV^t?/ .Bn/^/«, to maintain

a good Underftanding between the two Crowns, as wtU
as the public Tranquility, not to think, that his Britan-
jiick Majefty, views with Concern, the Dangers which
threaten both the one and the other, through the unex-
pefted Difputes in hi crth- America, on the River Ohio.

It was the iamc good Difpofition that induced his
Majefty to propoie, by his Ambafllidor at the Court of
London, that, previous to an Examination of the Rife of
this Difpute, and ah Enquiry into the Means of br!n;^inw
it to an amicable Conciufion, the two Kings ihouidTiTue
pofitive Orders to their refpeftivc Governors in that Part
P of America, to abltain from all Afts of Violence, and
from engaging in any new Enterprize, and to put Things
into the fame Condition which they were, or ought to
have been in, before the laft War.

KhisBritannick Majefty thought this Propof^l, at fir ft
Sight, not fufficiently exprefs, with Regard to the Mat-
ter in Difpute, between the two Courts ; we arc perfua-
ded, that he will alter his Opinion, when he reflefts, that
France is entirely unacquainted with his Pretenfions 1
that fincc the Year 1679, in which La Bell-Riviere was

dif.

t This formal Declaration ftiould be compared with the loftruAi-
OD» given fcy his Britwimck Majerty toGcneral Braddock, and with
V tht Plan of Operation coAUined in Col. NAritn't Letter.

riifcoveret
fi(in there
of Utrech,
feem to in
of that A
Majefty,
entered i
Mcafures
tfpecially
themfelvc
granted b
which aix
dary of 1

In Con
his Majel

ift. tl
refpedlive
iity and I

2^, To
out North
been, bcf
of the Tr

3^. Til
Treaty, h
Prptenfior
to the C
Minifters
upon a N
of bring! r

It is wii
reafonable
thenn to tl

His Mi
that they
Britannick
that he hir
and Confi
the compl

.:^^itt0m.-

^itik '<

he profefles ro
any Pozver that
'S a Tendeney to
iced of tills, the
need only to be
ibt but that his
he well known
open andexpJi-
irations at Breft

Robinson.

amasRobinfon,

the fincere Dif-
7«, to mainMin
^•owns, as well
that his Britmi-
Dangers which
ough the unex-
e River Ohio,
It induced his
at the Court of
1 of the Rife of
ins ct bringing
igs ihouid ifTue
Qrs in that Part
Violence, and
\ to put Things
tQ

;, orougnt

'ropof^i, at firft
Lid to the Mat-
we arc perfua-
he reflefts, that
is Pretenfions \
ell'Riviere was
dif.

wiib the loftruAi-
ADDocK,an<lwitJk
\ Letter.

( '59 )

difcovered by the French, the Enilijh have had no FofTcf-
ficm there either in Fadt or Claim ; and that the Treaty r
of Utrecht, the Stipulations of -which the EngUJb Court
feem to infilt upon, has not made even the ieaft Mention '
of that Affair. I'hc Propofals offered to his Britamick
Ma)efty, are entirely confiftcnt with the Engagements
entered into at the Treaty of y^;W^.C-&^^^//^, with the
Mcafures that have been taken fince that Epocha, and
efpecially with the Conditions required by the EngUfb
thcTifelvcs, in the Years 1750 and 1751, and readily
granted by his Majefty, on Account of'the Differences
which arofc .it that Time concerning the Frontier Boun-
dary of Nova-See tin and Canada.

In Conf-quence of thefe Reafons and Engagements,
his Majefty propofes :

17?, That the two Kings fliould gi\'e Orders to their
refpedive Governors, to abftain from all Ads of Hofti-
lity and Invafion.

2^,Toefl:ablifh Matters in the fame Situation through-
out North- America^ in which they were, or ought to have
been, before the laft War, agreeable > to the 9th Article
of the Treaty of Aix-Ia-Chapelle.

3d, That agreeable to the 1 8th Article of the fame
Treaty, his 5r//<?»»7V^' Majefty fliould make known his. f
Prptenfions, and the Foundation on which they are built, i
to the Commiffion appointed at Paris, and that the »
Minifters of the twoCourts Ihould be authorifed to enter
upon a Negotiacion, in order to difcover the Means ,
of bringing the Difpute to an amicable Conciufion.

It is with a Confidence, which Conditions ib juft and
reafonable, ought to raife in the King, that he propofes
thenm to the King of England.

His Majefty has fo much the more Reafon to cxpedl:,
that they will be accepted, as he is convinced that his
Britanmck Majefty is moved with the i-ime Diljjofition,
that he himfelf is to deliver hisSubjeds from thcl'rouble
and Confufion, whicli, by the Oppofition of Irterefts,
the complex State of Affairs, and the Nature of Enga^c-
. ,. . ment

V ■ ii

■ MW, » «

( i«o )
rtcnts and Treaties, may prove fo ilangcious to the
Peace of the two Crowns, as well as that ol Europe.

With Refpcct to the Armament whith the King is
providing, the Court oi England is capable ot feeing into
the Occafion of it, as the Preparations which that Court
has publifhcd to all Europe, and in Part executed, have
rendered thefe Precaurionsneceffary on the Side ot frame.
But his Majefty exprcfsly declares X^ That the Preparati-
cns which are making on his Side, have nothing ofenftve in
View, but folely thei}f/i«c^of his Ponenions, and the
Rights of his Cro\"n.

" N U M B. IV.

SCHEME of a preliminary Convention^ propofed ly
Order of his Mofi Chriflian Majefly^ to the Court of
^ London.

•\:

THE Differences which have arifen in North- Jmerica
fince the Peace figned at Aix-la-Chapelle, the 1 8th
ot O£lober 1748, between the Subjefts of their Moft
Chriftian and Britannick Majeftics, having occafioned
Hoftilities on both Sides, contrary to the intention of
their Majefties, the Confequcnces of which it is of the
utmoll Importance to fupprefs and prevent -, their Maief-
ties moved, by the fame good Difpofition, to reftore
Tranquility to that Part of the new World, and to
ftrengthen more and more the Friendship and goodUn-
derftanding which happily fubfifts between them, have
refolved to take, in Concert, fuch Meafures as are mof^
efFcftual and expedient for the Attainment of the good
Ends they have in View. In Confequence ot this, they
have authorifed the Minifters whofe Names arc under
written, having invefted them with the full Powers ne-
ceirary for that Purpofe, to agree upon the preliminary
and provifional Conditions contained in the following

Articles. .

Article

* X The two King., we lee. have made the (ame DKlaration. Iti»
Utt to iuropt 10 judge which of the two 1% fincere.

Vgcious to the
t ot Europe.
:h the King is
e ot feeing into
lich that Court
xeciitcd, have
Side ot trance.
r the Preparati-
mg cffe>t/ive in
niuns, and the

»», propofed ly
the Court of

nNorth-Jmerica
apelky the i8th
s of their Moft
ving occafioned
be intention of
lich it is of the
nt i their Majef-
rion, to reftore
World, and to
ip and goodUn-
t'eenthem, have
fures as are mofl
\entofthe good
nee ot this, they
ames arc under
: full Powers ne-
1 the preliminary
in the following

Article
ne DKlaiation. Iti>

'C.

( »6« ) . -

A R T J C L E I.

tr\H E I R Moft Chrifiian and Britanniek Majeftiei
X oblige thennrelvcs to fend, immediately after Ex-
changing the Ratification of tljc prcfent Convention,
efpecial Orders to their refpedive Governors in Jmeruat
to fiipprefs all Hoftilities between the Two Nations \ a
Duplicate of which Order fhall be delivered on both
Sides, with the Ratifications of the prefent Convention,
as well to the Minifters of his Moft Chriftian Majefty,
as to thofc of his Britanniek Majefty.

J J. t

The Subjects of their Mofl Chriftian and Briteinnick
Majefties ftiall cvacute alltheCountry lituate between the
River Ohio^ and the Mountains which bound Virginia.,
and fliall feverally retire, viz. the French beyond the laid
River OhiOy and the Englifj on this Side the faid Moun-
tains i fo that all the Territory which lies betwefn the
faid River and Mountains, ftiall be looked upon as neu-
tral, during the Continuance of the prefent Convention \
and all Grants, if any there be, which have been made
by either of the Two Naiicns, on the faid Territory, fhall
be confidcrcd as null and void.

III.

In order, the better to fecure the Execution of the fird'
Articles of the prefent Convention, and to prevent every
Occafion of new Differences, the refpeftive Subjcfts of
their Moft C^iriftian and Britanniek Majefties, ftiall not,*
during the Continuance ef the prefent Conventibn, fre- '
quent the faid Territory fituate between the River Ohio
and the faid Mountains, under Pretext of Commerce,
or Paflkge thro' the fame ; botl. which ar*? equally prohi-
bited to theTwoNationSi during I'^e fame Space of Tinie.

IV/ "i-\

Agreeable to the IXth Artirlc of the Treaty of y//^-
la-Chapelle, all Things fhall be reftorcd to the fame Con-'
dition in North- America, in which they were or ought to
have been, fince the Treaty of Utrecht : In Cortfequence
of whiclj, all forts which luvc been built by either Na*?

i^, . tion

iy V

HkU

'*-'ti*\..,''''**^

=*^«iSB^-^ ,

( 162 )

tion fince that ^ra^ fhall be dcftroyed, as well upon the
i^id Territory ofOhio^ as in every other Part o[ North-
Aauricat which is in Difputc between tlwJwtf Nations.

The prefent preliminary Convention Ihall take Place
but for two Years, to commence from the Day of the
Exchange of thefe Ratifications : That Space oi Time
appearing fufficientto terminate, by an amicable Rccon-
ciliation,all the Difputes relating to NorthAmmca,^h\c\i
might hereafter occafion any new Broils between the
Sublets of the two Powers.
^ VI.

Their Moft Chriftian and finVfl»«V* Majefties engage
to deliver, from Time to Time, as well to their refpec-
tive Minifter at London^ as to their Commiffaries atP^m,
fuch Orders and Inftrudions as are ncceflary to enable
them 19 terminate, in an amicable Manner, as foon as
poflible, and at leaft within the Space of two Years, all
the Differences which have rifen between the Subieds of
the two Crowns, relative to their Foffcffions, Rights and
Pretenfions in Nortb-America.

VII.

The prefent Convention (hall be ratified by their Moft
Chriftian and «ri/<iw»iV* Majefties, and the Ratifications
ihall be exchanged in due Form, in the City of London^
within the Space of Fifteen Days, orfooncr, ifpoffiblc,
to begin from the Day of figning the prefentConvcntion.

In Teftimony whereof, ^c.

NUMB. V.

CouNTER-ScHZME of a preliminary Convention, in
Anfwer to the preceeding Scheme, delivered to the
Duke de Mirepoix, March 7th, 1755.

THE Differences vhicb have rifen in North- America,
/ince the Peace Jigned at Aix-la-ChapcUe, the iSth
October, 1748, between the SubjeSs cf their Jin^^vmc^K.
and Moft Chriftian Majejiies, having occafioned Hofiilities
on both Sides, contrary to the Intention of their Majefties^
the Confequenees whereof^ it if ejtbtutmft Jm^tance to

: Juppnfs

vention,
within tt
of the p
Forts bui
the Rive
Their
likewife i
tern Side
Shore of
far as th(
thence cc
|7thBe|

■»>•

»»l--'

. ,.,-

well upon the
'art ot North-
two Nations.

all take Place
he Day ot the
pace ot Time
licable Rccon-
/iftwmM,which
Is between the

ajeftics engage
:o their refpec-
iffaries atParis,
(Tary to enable
ner, as foon as
■ two Years, all
the Subjefts of
ms, Rights and

d by their Moft
he RatiBcations
City of London,
)ner, if poffiblc,
entConvention.

lonvention, in
elivered to the

«}orth-America,
apcllc, the iZtb
/ib«irBritannick
jfioned Hojiilities
' their Majefties,
9fi Imforttmce to
Juppnfs

( 163 )

jupprefs and prevent i their Majejliest moved by the fame
good Difpo/ttion to rtliore Tranquility to that Part of the
New ff^erldt and to Jlrengthen more and mo^e the Friend-
Jhip and good Underjianding that happily fuhjifts between
themy have refolved to take in Concert^ fuch Meafures as
jhall be moft tffeElual and expedient for the Attainment
of the good End they have in View. In Confequence whereof,
they have authorized the Mintfters whofe Names are under-
written^ having invefted them with the full Powers neteffary
for that Purpofty to agree upon the preliminary andprcvifi-
onal Conditions contained in the following Articles.

A R T I C L E I.

THEIR Britannic AndMoft Chriftian Majeftics oblige
thcmfelvcs to fend, immediately after exchang-
ing the Ratifications of the prefent Convention, elpecial
Orders to their rel'pe£tive Generals and Governors in
America^ to fupprefs and prevent all Hodilities between
the Two Nations^ a Duplicate of which Orders (hall ber
delivered on both Sides, with the Ratifications of the
prefenrConvention, as well to the Minifters of his Bri-
/d»/»Viir, as to thofc of his Moft Chriftian Maiefty. >

II.

With Refpeft to the River Ohio^ and Territories ad-
j:Kent, it is agreed and refolved, that like Ordere be
fent at the fame Time, with Copies of the prefent Con-
vention, to the faid Generals and Governors,^ to deftroy
within the Space of Six Months, to begin from the Date
of the prefent Convention, or fooner, if pofTible, all
Forts built upon the Peninfula in the Lake Erie, ftnd upon
the River Aux Bteufs and Ohio.

Their Britannick and Moft Chriftian Majefties have
likewife agreed, that a Line, beginning from the Eaf-
tern Side of the Bay of Canaggaboqui upon the Southern
Shore of Lake Erie, be drawn direAly to the South, «9
tar as the 40th Degree of North I ititude, and from
thence continued to the South- Weft, yll it (ouches thtt
17th Begifc of th^ faid Latitude.

■J.

'■^^^i£Mit,^

rw** '-tr^thsl

:.&^.Y'<^-i- viTuiiiiiiiiiiiif '■ -iiiiif •''?tiiiigi&f:

And ilfo, that a Line, to begin fro"^ ^^^ ^°^}^ 9^
the Ki^cr MiamtJ, on the South Side of Lake trie, be
drawn to the South or South-Weft, as far as the Source
of the Rivtr Ouabacbe or Saint Jerome, and trom thence
continued along the faid River, to its Confluence w.th
the Obio, and from thence in a ilr;»it Courfcfls tar as the
above-mentioned 37th Dct^rcc ot North Latitude.

All I' '>rts Fortrefle!,, or Settlements* built or ercdtrrt
by cither ci the two Crowns, or their refpeftive Subjefts,
on the faitt Territory, fituate between the f^ i Lines,
Ihall be deilrr .'d within the above-mentioned Space ot
Six Months, to Ixi^in from the Datt of the p;elcnt Con-
vention, or fooncr, if pomblc, and (hall remain thus
dcftrovcd, till the prefent Difputes be amicably conclud-
ed between the two Courts : So that all the Country
which lici between the above-faid Lines, extending hoju
North to South, (liall remain and be confidered duni-^
that Spa-c of Time, as neutral, and fhall only be made
Ufc of to carry on a Oaiimercc with the Natives, which

without any

(hall be tree and oper to both Nat;uns,
Hindrance or Moletlation whatever.

That the refpedive Generals and Governors of the twa
Crowns, Ihall, within the Space of Six Months, to be
reckoned from the Date of the prefent Convention, or
foqner, if pHHible, nominate flcilful Perfons to draw
and mark out the faid Lines, within the Space of three
Moniht at fartheft, to begin from the Day on which they
ihall be nominated for that Purpofc.

in.

It )& moreover agreed and refolvcd, that the two Fort»
upon the River Niagara and Fort-Fredrick^ or Crown-
Pointy on Lake-Cbamplaiii, which have been bulk fince
thfc Treaty of Utrecht, renewed and confirmed by that
of Aixla-Cbapelk^ ihall be deftroycd within the Space ot
Six Months, to-be reckoned from the Date of the prefent
Convention •, and that with refpeft to the faid Rivet
Niagara, and the Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Chamflain,
||^» Subjcdts of the two Crown* fbaU have frte Liberty

* tj*

,.sg^itMMi

S'r'iJh&Uiil^'if ¥¥'''■■ ^^■*''^- "^^'

the Mouth of
Lake Eric, be
r as the Source
)d from thence
anflucnce with
rfcM tar as the
Latitude,
built or ercdVrd
eftivc Subiefts,
[he f ' .1 Lines,
ioncd Space of
hcp'.clcntCon-
lil remain thus
icably conclud-
11 the Country
extending f:r.>ni
nfidcrcd dun! 15
II only be made
Natives, which
j^ without any

:rnorsofthetwa
Months, to be
Convention, or
'crfons to draw
le Space ot three
ly on which they

iatthetwoFort»

irickt or Crown-

been built fince

(nfirmed by that

thin the Space of

ateoftheprefent

the faid River

and Champlain,

ive frte Liberty

S9.

sS»-

^^.^T-^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

2.5

■30 ^^^

u^ lii 12.2

I.I

I:
£: u& 12.0

I
I

1.8

|L25 1 u ,,.6

«'

Photographic

Sdences

CorpQration

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHIVI/iCIN/IH
Collection de
microfiches.

Jfc*-

Canadian Institute for Historical I^Aicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

mHimmmmm,--

to pafs
to carr
Icflatic
tuatc d
Subjcf
the bul

It i!
drawn
goety a
Courfe
and thi
Lcagui
River J
Contin
Gulf c
fronn C

Tha
tuate t<
River i
by the :
only ul

Thai
Baie-fr
and Sh
mentto
the Rii
rence^ \
Soverci
Great- 1

It is
tivc G<
within
the Dal
l^ie, no
and ma
to begii

to pafs and repafs them, with the utmoft Security, tnd
to carry on a Commerce without any Hindrance or Mo-
leftation, with the Indians who inhabit the Cauhtry fi-
tuatc around the Great-Lakes, as well thefe who are the,
Subjects and Allies of Great-Britain^ as thofc who are
the bubjcds and Allies of France.

IV.

It is likcwifc agreed and refolved, that a Line be
drawn from the Mouth of the River Penohfcot or Penta"
goety as far- as its Source, and from thence in a ftratf
Courfe to the North, as far as the River St. Lawfemi
and that, from a Point which lies at the Diftance of 20
Leagues in a ftrait Courfe, from the Mouth of the faid
River Penohfcot or Pentagoet^z Line be drawn acrofs the
Continent, to a Point which lies upon the Coaft of the
Gulf ot St. Lawrence^ at the Diflance of 20 League*
from Cape-Tourmentiny in a ftrait Courfe.

That with relpeft to the Countries and Territories fi-
tuate to the North, between the faid Lines, as far as the
River St. Lapfrencey they (hall not be fettled nor pofTt-ffeci
by the Subjects of either of the two Crowns, who fhall
only ule them for the Benefit of Traffick and Commerce.

That all the Pcninfuky JjibmuSy and Bay of Fundiy of
Baie-francoifey and in general all the Lands, Watem
and Shores, fituate to the South-Eaft of the Line above-
mentioned, to be drawn acrofs the faid Continent froip
the River Penohfcot or Pentagoet to the Gulf of St. Law-
rencey be acknowledged and declared to belong, in full
Sovereignty, and ablblutc Propriety, to the Crown of
Great-Britain. \

It is moreover, agreed and refolved, that the refpec-
tiye Generals and Governors of the two Crowns, Ihall,
within the Space of Six Months, to be reckoned frot»
the Date of the prclcnt Convention, or fooner, ifpoffi-
ye, nominate and appoint flcilful Perfons, to draw ouc
and mark the faidLines, within three Months at fartheft,
to begin from the Day on which they (hail be nominated
\ps ^ JBurpolf. ^

■L>,

K^mTmS

(

i66
V.

)

Tht\t Britannick and Moft Chriftian Majellics engage
to deliver, without Delay, after the Ratification of the
prefent Convention, fuch Orders and In(lru£tions to
their refpeftive Miniftcrs, as (hall be neceffary to enable
them to terminate by a definitive Treaty in an amicable
Manner, and as foon as poffible, all the Differences which
have rifen between the Subjects of the two Crowns, rela-
tive their toPoffeflions, Rights and Pretenfions in^mfrica,
which are not finally terminated by the prefent Conven-
^n. VI.

The prefent Convention fhall be ratified by their
Britannick and Mod Chriftian Majcllies, and the Rati-
fications fhall be exchanged in due Form in the City of
Z^»<A7»,within the Space ot 1 5 Days, or fooner, if poffible,
to begin fromthcDay of figning the prefent Convention.
In Teftimony whereof, ^f.

N U M B. VI.

Extra5l of a Letter wrote by M. Rouille, to the Duke de

Mirepoix, the lyth of Marchy 1755.

TO obtain an Endfo defirable as that of Peace^ it will
be neceffary to conjider the Nature and Circumfiances
tf the Engagements we are about to contra^, and to compare
the Rights and Conveniences 0/ both Sides. A Talk offmb
Importance will require a great Deal of Time and Applica-
tion, Andy in the mean while, what is to be done with the
Armaments that are prepared on both Sides ^ How will it
ke poj^le to reap any Benefit from a Negociaticn, if HofH-
Uties ftill continue in America, and even commence in the
tpen Sea ? Will not the Interefis and Advantages tf one Side
«r the other y be Motives to multiply their Pretenfions and
Difficulties, and raife frefh Obfiacles to a Peace ? This In-
(fOHvenience mufi therefore be prevented ; and there is no other
Method of doing it, but by fending uniform Orders to the
refpe£iive Governors in America, and Commanders of Squa-
drons, ti>fix their Operations invariably, andjiuply on tbi
pefenjhe, and abfolutely to prohibit them fmm committing
$1^ offetifivt A^of Hoftility, under aty PrtttKtvib(Ufoeveri
•^Ht?" ^^ ■ ' -■ ■ - -^ - ' 'The

■*m%:

i ;s -fe^^-l^-liS**

The'i
King of
which h
ders, if
ihefamt
we prop*
of Equit
or can ,
fincere a

The I
caution,
ofTreaci
they are
Jhouldau
are evidt
I havi
jt£l\ <f«
the fanu
Peace, a
fuite inci

ANS\
D

IT \i\
ofL
which m
between
by his £
pofition (

The I
traaofl
to his £:
which ws
but a Cc

TheC
PropofaJ
of the IS
favourab

Majellies engase
atificacion of the
I Inftru£tions to
xelTary to enable
ty in an amicable
Differences which
:wo Crowns, rela-
nfions in/ttMricat
prefent Conven-

ratified by their
s, and the Rati>
•m in the City of
boner, if pofTible,
fent Convention.

e, to the Duke de

. ^755-

t of Peacet it will

and Circumjiances

If, and to compare

A^aOtofJwh

Ime and Applica-

':o be done with the

desf How will it

ociation, if Hofti-

n commence in the

tantages of one Side

irPrete^ons and

t Peace P This In-

ind there is no other

rrm Orders tfi the

mmanders of Sqrn-

, andjmply on thi

m fi-m committing

r0ttiKefifbatfoever*

The

The King will make no Scrapie of comminieating to the
King fl/ England, Duplicates of the Orders and I^ruSlioni
which his Majefly fhall fend to his Governors and Comman-
ders, if his Britannick Majefly will, on his Part, aS with
ibefame Candour and Confidmce, towards the King, JVhai
wefropofe in this Refpe£f, isfo conjijlent with au the Rules
of Equity and Moderation, that we do vot conceive it wilU
or can be reje^ed, if the Defire of t'eace is as real and
fincere at London, as it is at Vcrfailles.

The Reputation of the two Courts demands alfo this Pre-
caution, Jince they would expofe themfelves to the Sufpicion
of Treachery, or Double-dealing in their Proceedings, tfwhik
they are carrying on a Negociation to accomplifo a Peace, thep
Jbould authorize, or even appear to tolerate, Hofiilities, which
are evidently contrary to the very Notion of a Reconciliation,^

I have already. Sir, given you my Sentiments on thisSub-
je£l ', and as Truth is always the fame, I fhall confiantly ufe
the fame Language, viz. That to be Jincerely deftrous of-
Peace, and not tofupprefs or prevent Hofiilities, are Things
fiiite incompatible, ^

NUMB. VII. * *

ANSWER delivered by the Court of London, to the
DukedeMinpoix, the 5th of April, 1755. ft

IT is with all the Eagernefs imaginable, that the Court
of London agrees to conclude a definitive Treaty,
which may take in all the Farts of America in Difpute^
between the two Nations \ this having been intimatfd
by his Excclkncy the Duke deMirepoix, to be the Dif-**
pofition of his Court. ^

The Propofal made by the Court of France, in theExs^
trail ofM.Rouille'i Letter, written the 27th of Mar d^
to his Excellency the Duke de Mirepoix, is the very fame
which was formerly made, and has no other End in Vte«r
but a Ceflation of Arms between the two Nations.

The Cpurt of London finds the fame Difficulties in thiV
Propofal, which prefented themfelves at the Beginning
of the Negociation, tnd cannot think it by any Nkari» •
favourable to a Reconciliation.

-"'•"f^'^ir^r "trr"

yWWMD II

1 1 »» ! J, " 1 , 1 i n w 1 ,1, 1 « « i nmw 'wwupn

lA|^=A-..^-itfl.-

( 168 ) ^

In the Counter- Scheme which the Court of London
delivered, in Anfwer to the Flan of a Convention tor-
mcrly propofed by fraiicet nothing is let forth but what
appeared to that Court to belong by Right and Treaty,
,to the Crown of Great-£rUain.

They think they have even gi^en up that Right in
fevcral Refpefts, to ttftify their fi n cere De fire of i'eace,
and of cultivating the moft perfect Amity with the Court
of France : For this Reafon, the Court of London iiave
been induced toexped, that his Mod Chriftian Majcily,
according to his well-known Candor, would have in-
ftrufted and authorifcd his AmbaiTador, to deliver in the
particular Objedions which the Court of Frame had to
make to the Counter-Schenrie, and to be amicably ex-
plicit, widi Refpedl to the Demands of his Court. This
appearing the moft natural and mofl: regular Method, as
well as the moHagreeab'.e to the common Defircs ot the
Courts of London and Verfailleiy of obtaining by a Nego-
^\tx\or\ already agreed upon ^yAi^ctdy and definitive Re-
conciliation, as to tlie Points contelted inyfw^r/Vtf between
' Ihe two Nations^ / Jf-rivi

♦ NUMB. VIII.
Extre^lf of a Letter jrom M. Rouille, to the Duke de
Mirepoix, dated April 13^-fc, 1755, delivered to the
"EngWih Mmjiry. '■-'

THE Kifig, whom I have acquainted with theDefirc
which his Brttannick Majefty has expreflcd to you,
ot receiving a fpeedy Anfwer to the Meniorial, whith
was delivered to you by SxTTbcmas Rohinfony has ordered
me to difpatch your Courier to you without Delay.

The .King would be willing to carry his Complaifance
much forthwi but thePropol'als of the Court tA London^
l^yc his Majefty no Room to expefta Conclufiori of the
Differences between the twoC<!lurtS) by a juft and agree-
able Reconciliation.

According
, .t If the Ntgocittiofl wai jgrec<^ wpop, why ^\i the Enelifh at that
very Time ftive Orders to att«ck the French in.Ainerict f And whjr
<iid|hi^y refafe to comipaBd a SufpeitCon of Hofiilitick ia Europe*.

H ■■:'■*¥?- r'-*-'-^*^ =..i^r^--=il* -^.'

wv-vtMpnnn

■J i ilW i r

Court of Lcndon
i Convention tor-
let forth but what
Light and Treaty,

up that Right in
e Dcfire of i'eace,
ity with the Court
t of London iiave
whrifticin MajeCcy,
would have in-
•, to deliver in the
of France had to
3 be amicably cx-
his Court. This
rgular Method, as
non Defircs ot the
aining by a Nego-
ind definitive Re-
mAmericahQvnt^vi

, to the "Duke de
5, delivered to the

red with theDeftrc
IS expreflcd to you»
Meniorial, whith
hinfon^ has ordered
ithout Delay.
' his Corliplaifance
e Court c^ London^
Gonclufion of the
y a jufl: and agree-
According
did the Enplifti at that
n. America r And whjr
[ofiilitick is Europe*.

( 167 )

According to the Court of London^ the Succefs of our
Negociation entirely depends upon the Ceffion. demanded
by the £«p-/j/2>,.not only of the whole Peninjula^ of which
Acadia is but a Part, butalfo of Twenty Leagues on the
Coaft of Baie-francoife^ on the Side of Canada,

This Propofal, elpecially with Refpeft to 20 Leagues
of Coaft, is lb diamatrically oppofite to our Rights, our
Fofleflion, and moll efTential Interefl, that we cannot
poflibly admit of it.

Could a CefTion of this Kind be necefTary, or even
ufeful to the Englijby either for their Trade with the
Indians^ or their Communication yfith Acadia^ or New-
Englandy we might attribute to one or other of thefo
Motives, the Demand they have made of us, but their
Pretenfion cannot be founded on any Reafon or Pretence
of NccefTity or Utility.

The Indians have always had the Liberty of trading
in the Englijh Colonies, as well as the French \ and 20
Leagues more, could make no Change in the Situation
of Affairs in that Refped.

As to the Communication between Acadia and Neio-
England^ it is ablblutely iwpradicable by Land, as well
by Reafon of the Length, as the extreme Difficulty of
the Roads, and the Pnflage of Rivers, which can only
be crofTed near the Mouths j whereas on the contrary,
that Communication is extremely fhort and eafy by Sea.

It is for this Reafon, that the King cannot, nor ought,
to confent to this, becaufe the Territory along Baje-Fran-^
coife^ on the Side of Canada, is indifpenfably ncCelTary
for us i fmce without it, ^.el/eck could have no Commu*
nicationduringonc Part of the Year, cither Vfith Eurojpe,
or the yks-Royale, and St. John*

With Rcfpcft ro that Part oi Canada which lies aboV«
Siuebeck and Montreal, the Court of London propolcs,
that the River St. Lawrence, and the Lakes Ontario an4
Erie, fhould ferve as Limits between the Tivo Nations.

Upon the Determination ot thefe Limits, the Eiiglijb
Minittry pretend alfo tp eftablilh thsBi^ of a ]!*legocia-

iiii

iSiSik

{ t6t )
Very far. Sir, from entering upon any Explication of
this Article, the King will never confent, that his So-
vcreignty upon the South Side of the Rivcf St. Lawrence,
and upon the Lakes Ontario and £rf>, (hould be called
inbueftion ; and that thofeParts, which have ever been
looked upon as the Center of Canada, ftiould. become its

The'Pretenfionof£«5?/W, in Regard to this, would
render the Prefervaiion of that Part of Canada, which
would be left to us, after fuch • Divifion, extremely
t ifficult, and even impoflible. , . ,. ,

The Court of London does not fecm mclined to con-
fen:, that we (hould ereft Settlements between the Rivers
Ohio and Ouabacbe, unlefs perhaps, it be feveral Leagues
on this Side the left Bank of the laft River.

We have offered to evacuate the Lands between the

Mountains of Virginia, and the Ohio, and to eftablifh a

Neutrality there •, but we can agree to nothing further,

without giving u^ at once our Communication between

• Ijfuifiana and Canada. ^ • a j

We are too effentially different in our Interefts and
Views, as to thefe capital Poilfts, which the En%lijh Mi-
Biftry look upon as the neceffary Bafis of a Negociation.

In the Memorial delivered to you by the Court of
Vmdon, they fay. that they hoped you would have been
inftrufted and authorifed, to give them the feveral Ob|-
jeftions which the Court of France had to make agamft
ihe Counter-Scheme, and to open your Mind to them,

in an amicable Manner. . , , «^.

The Reafons which have determined the King not to
knfwer in Writing, the Counter-Scheme in <^eftion,
fubfift ever the fame, fmce all that the Englifb Miniftry
tiave faid to you, fuice rhe Delivery of that Paper, ditfera
fcarcely in any Thing from what it contains.
* Their laft Propofals have only been of ufe, to untold
^hat was not cxpjtfftd in fo clear a Manner io the
CouoMr-Scheme, ..

^■■'. <»:,

*««S*3j*aUW ■**•

mnimmtT'

ly Explication of
ent, that his So-
vcr 5/. Lawrencty
(hould be called
h have ever been
hould, become its

rd to this, would
f Canada^ which
/ifion, extremely

inclined to con-
Btween the Rivers
e feveral Leagues
.iver.

inds between the
and to eftablifli a
) nothing further,
iinication between

our Interefts and
:hthe£»f/t^Mi-
of a Negociation.
by the Court of
I would have been
m the feveral Ob-
d to make againft
ir Mind to them,

xl the Ku^ not to
erne in^eftion,
le Englijh Miniftry
that Paper, differs
antains.

nofufe, to unfold
a Manner io the

( i6f )

If the King of England^ and his Miniftry, are as fin-
cerely defirous ot Peace, as we are, they muft formally
defift from their Fretenfion to make us abandon,

I/?, The Southern Shore of the River St. Lawrenee,
and the Lakes, whofe Waters run into that River.

2</, The Twenty Leagues of Country, which they
demand on Baie-francoije,

3^, The Territory between Ohio and Ouaiaebe.

We are ready to enter upon a Negociation, as to what
remains, and even to facrifi(;e our own Interefts to all the
Conveniences of the Englifi^ which are confiftent with
theDignity of theKing,and theSecurity of his Po£feflions.

We fhaJl be willing to take, in Concert with the Bri"
tiflj Miniftry, the moft effedlual Methods to prevent thd
two Nations in ^Imerica, from invading, or diftreifing
each other.

In fine, we fhall not be averfe, even to join with them
in fuch Regulations as may facilitate and improve their
Commerce •, but fhall enter upon no Detail on this Par-
ticular, as long as the Court of London confiders thofe
three Articles, which we have abfolutely determined to
reject, as a necefTary and preliminary Bafis of the Ne-
gociation.

Ihe Territory of Ohio, was the fole Matter in Difpute,
ztftrji i and now their Pretenfions take in all thofe Parti
of Canada, which lie on the Southern Shore of the River
St. Lawrence.

A provifional Accommodation was agreed to be ob^
fcrved, till a definitive Treaty could be accomplifhed.
They were afterwards defirous of a provifional Cpnven-
tion, and purpofed to terminate all at once.

We offered to ifTue Orders to our refpediveGovemon.'
and Commanders of Squadrons, to fuppreis all further
Hoftilities. But this Propofal, equitable and moderatt
at it was, was rejeded.

NUMi;

.y^^.k

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mmtmmngliiKmmm^mmk^

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'■•^■;**i^'

.( >7o )
NUMB.

"B-tMAT^vi delivered by the Court of London, to the Duke
de Mircpoix, the 2^th of April, i75<;.

THE Court oi Great-Britain obferves with Concern,
that the amicable Anfwcr delivered to his Excel-
lency the Duke dt- MirepoiXy the 5th Inftant, in Confe-
quence of M. Rouille'i Letter of the 27th of laft Month,
has not produced fuch Inftruftions from his Court, as
would have enabled him immediately to enter upon a
Negociation on the different Points contained in the
Counter-Scheme, which was delivered to him on the
7th of March \ but, on ?he contrary, that M. Rouille
declares, in the Extraft of his Letter of the 1 3th Inftant,
vrhich the French Ambaffador has communicated to Sir
Thomas Robin/on, that France requires of the fir//?/&
Court, previous to any Negociation, that they formal ly
defilt from their Prctenfions of making the French aban-
don,

iji. The South-fide of the River St. Lawrence^ and
the Lakes, whofe Waters run into that River.

2d, The Twenty Leagues of Country which they de-
(nand on Baie-francoife.

«i, The Territory between the Ohio and Ombatbe.
As to the firft of thefe Points, M. de Rouille has re-
prefented it in a Manner very compendious and dif-
erent from that in whicli it was intended to h;ive been
itnderftood in the Counter-Scheme above-mentioned *.
But with Refpcdt to this Point, as well as the other two,
the Britijh Court refer and adhere to what was there fee
forth, as being founded on Treaties, and appearing ab-
folutely neceffary for their Security.

They are, neverthelefs, difpofed to enter upon a EHf-
cuflion of the Points in Difpute, in the Courle of which
it will be difcovered, wherein confift the moft eflential

Differences

♦ We may here obferve, how carefully the Britifli MiniUry pretend

VDt fp comprehend thoroughly the Ideas of the Court of France. All

that the Engliih were apprehenfi ve of, was, that the Negociation ihonld

be broke of, before th« Execution of their Plan of Invaiion,

.j.«^->iH---*^>»*-"'

■,.'.j^!«,',i. ,»ASL;,i-*

i'*-,,jui:: , jfav_-3r.

<«n»i».«Mmiw»w>ii

idon, to the Duke
ril, i75<;.
res with Concern,
:red to his Excel-
nftant, in Confe-
7th of laft Month,
om his Court, as
f to enter upon a
contained in the
I to him on the
r, that M. Rouille
fthe i3thlnftant,
imunicated to Sir
•es of the Britijb
that they formally

I the French aban-

St. Lawrence^ and

at River.

try which they de-

io and Ouabathe.
de Rouille has re-
pendious and dif-
■nded to have been
bove- mentioned *.

II as the other two,
what was there fee
and appearing ab'

> enter upon a Dif-

[le Courfe of which

: the moft efiential

Differences

Britifh Minillry pretend
e Court of France. All
t the Negociation flionld
an of Invaiioo,

;^*^,^;., .-fe..jr.:.^^Sjsi

( '71 )
Difference!* between the two Courts, and thfir mutual

Dcfire of IVacc will lead them to find out the Mcthodi

of facilitating an Accommodation.

.NUMB. X.

Remark delivered by the Duke de Mirepoix, the 6lh of

'^''•Y' 1755, »'« v^«/^<^'*/o /^^^^^f^<^<''«^-

THE Court of France is inflexible in its Principles
of Equity and Moderation. It is always moft
fiiKereiy dcfirous of maintaining I'eace and a perfitdk
Harmony with the Britilh Court. If the Duke de Mire'*
poix has not bcrn authorized to enter upon a Negociati-
on on the three Points relating to, i/?. The South-fide
of the River St. Lazvrence^ and the Lakes, whole Wa-.
tcrs run into that River ; 2d, The Twenty Leagues of
Country along the Coaft of Baie-francoife ; and, 3^,
The Territory between Ohio and Ouahache -, it is onlf
becaufe a Compliance with the Demands of the Britijh
Court, on thefe three Points, has always been reprcfent-.
ed to the Court of France, as the neceffary Bafis and
preliminary Conditions of the Negociation.

It is in this Scnle, that the Court of France has rc-

Suired, and continues to require, that the £n//y^ Court
efift from their Pretenfions on thefe three Points ; but
the Cou«t of France is difpofed, as it alawys has been,
to afTift, agreeable to the i8th Article of the Treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, in an amicable Examination and Difcuf-.
fion of all the Points in Difpute •, and to make fuch Dif-
pofitions, in Concert with the Britijh Court, as (hall be,
judged necefTary to terminate all the Differences between
the two Nations, and eftabliih Matters upon fuch a
Footing in America, as fhall be conducive to the Quiet
and Security of the refpeftive Colonics, as well for the
prefent, as future Times. The Court of France is far
from being defirous to make any Demand, but, what 19
founded on real Right and Treaties -, and as the Britijb
Court declares that they are aftuatcd by the famc^enti-
ments, there is Rcafon to hope, that Difpofitiona fo e-
quitablc and moderate on both Sides, will, produce the

. ........ ,.n, . , ,;,:.: wholefome

r.».lAU4^«ii»i^

iA-.4.,-.,j

""••wrffm

■r^

■ nmw

aaMVK

( 17a )
Wholefome EfFeA, which to the two Court! oueht to
expedl, for their common Tranquility, and the Hap-
pinefs of the Public.

NUMB. XI.

Remark delivered by the Britifli Mniftrft t§ the Dukedi

Mirepotx, May gtb^ 1755.

THE Court of GrM/-5r;/tf;»obfcrvcs, with the high-
e(l SatisfaAion, in the Anfwer which his Excel-
lency the Duke de MirepoiXy has delivered to Sir Jbemas
Robinfon^ the 6th Inftant, that the Court of France not
only perfift in their Refulution of maintaining Peace, but
that their Difpofitions are the fame as thofe of England
have been, and ftill are, to enter, without Delay, upon
the Examination and amicable Difcuflion of all the
Points in Difpute.

In the whole Courfe of this Negociation, the Court of
Great-Britain have proceeded with so much Candor *
and Confidence, that they have, without Hefitation,
thought fit to fet forth their Difpofitions and Prctcnfions
in a plain and natural Manner^ hoping, by the Concur-
rence Qf the Court of France to the fame Methods, they
might with the greater Eafe and Expedition obtain a
Reconciliation fo much defired on both Sides.

NUMB. XII.

Memorial delivered by the Duke de Mirepoix, t» tbi

Minijhy of London, May 14, 1755.

THE Differences between the Courts of France and
England^ concerning Americgt have four Objects
in View : 1^, The Limit? o^ Acadia ; 2i/, The Limiti
of CMnada\ 3</, The Courfe and Territory of Ohio \ 4//&,
The Iflands of St. iMcia, St. Vincent, Domnica, and

t' In order to difcufs thefe four Points, no other gene-
ral Principles of a Negociation can be eftablifhed, than
thofe of Juftice, the Security of the refpedlive Colonies,
and mutual Convenience. To

t We are iliclifled 10 prize this Expreffion, alter hsTfaig read the
Paper* of the firft Part ot thii ColleAion. . . «« ,^ /

*»"' ^.v^>j.^*.':. .*■-., ,,

^m-'-^Ml:^-^-^

I loll

I Court! ought to
:y, and the Hap-

fry, tttbeDuktdt

755-

vcs, with the high-
r which his Exccl-
cred to Sir Thomas
ourt of France not
itaining Peace, but
IS thofe of England
thout Delay, upon
cuirioM of all the

ition, the Court of
MUCH Candor *
ithout Hefitation,
ns and Pretenfions
;, by the Concur-
me Methods, they
Kped ition obtain a
th Sides.

e Mirepoix, /« thi

14. ^755-
lurts of fi'anee and
have four Objefbs
; 2d, The Limits
itory of Oi&i* J 4//&,
Ht, Domnica, and

ts, no other gene-
e eftablifhed, thaii
efpedlive Colonies,
To
, sfterhsTiag read the

«*-v- ■ f

^ 173 ) ■

To thefe Principles ought to be referred all particular

Dii'cuflions of the four Points in Queftion, which we ar«

•bout to handle in a fuccinAManncr, one after another.

A R T I c L t I.

Concerning the Limilj »/ Acadia.

IF we attend to what is right and juft, we ihall find,
that y^cadia comprehends but one Part of the Penin -
liila on which it is fituate, whichPart extends from Cape-
hounhuy or from Cape-SabUy as hruCape Can/eau, This
Point has been clearly fettled by the Memorial of the
Commiflaries of FrtfMf^, dated 0/70^^ the 4th, 1751.
Neither the Fadls there contained, nor their Proofs, are
deftroyed by the Anfwer made to it, by the Englijb Com-
miflaries } fo that this ought to be admitted as a Bafis of
the Negociation, that Jcadia comprehends but one Part
of the Peninfula.

But the Court o^France, through their Dcfire of Peace,
would be very willing, after having difcuflcd and efta-
blifhed their Right, not to be rigorous in exading it, and
will be ready to examine what may concern the Security
and mutual Convenience of both Nations, with Refpea
to the Matter in Hand. They are even refolved to cede
chc whole Peninfula to the Englijhy but under certain
Conditions and Reftriftions, without which thnr neither
can, nor ought to, confent to fuch a Ceflion. The Con-
ditions are thefe :

ifty That Liberty be eranted, during three Years, to
the French who inhabit the Peninfula, to retire with their
EfFefts, and that they be fupplied with every Thing nc-
ceffaryfor fuch a Removal j which the £»f/^ will un-
doubtedly look upon as extremely advantageous to them.

2</, That the Ijibmtu and Beau-Baffin, be referved to
the French, as they cannot abfolutely abandon thefe,
without giving up at the fame Time, for a confiderable
Part of the Year at leaft, the Communication between
^bH %nA JJU RoyedU.

. 3</, That a certain Extent^f Country on the Penin-
fula, which (hall be agreed upon, (hall not be left unin-
habited along the Coaft wtud> reaches to the Gulph of

^ ^ ■ St,

1 1

ii^

•WHMHMtcM

■*'■'■■'■

» W)IWH" > «

»i m i l .n i M i iijiw , 1 1 1 i ff WU Ii l I i» i nuj| <nrrii|;«j^;»

r-i

khL

( 174 )
5/. Lawrence. This Propolal us not Icfs favourable to the
Englijh ot Acadia^ than to the French who inhabit the
^/</«</j Royalle^ and ^/. ^^-^w* f>nce a vaft Thicknels of
Wood, and the Paflagc of feveral Defiles, will be eqvially
an Obilable to any Enterprizes, which either of vhe two
Nations may be willing to form againll the other.
■fti;:, 4/if', That the EngUjh defid from demanding Twenty
Leagues of Country along Baie-franc«ife, on theCoalt
of Canada. They have abfolutely no Manner of Right
to make this Demand, neither indeed could any real Ad-
vantage accrue to them from the Cefllon of this, as it is
of no Service for theirCommcrce, and wholly unneceflary
to them for a Communication between Acadia and New-
England: Whereas this Country is indifpenfably neccf.
lary to the French^ for their Conmiunication mt\\§lticbeci
when it is imprafticable by the River St. Lawrence.

The Court of France^ to make their Condeicenfion to
the Engujh ftill more manifeft, and to teftify their Defirc
of maintaining a perfe<ft Harmony with them, will even
confent, provided they fand the like Difpofition in the
Court of Lo»^<?«, to give up to xhcEngliJh all the Country
which lies between the Rivers Sagahfidoc and Pentagoet.

It is evident, from the very Titles of the Englijh, and
particularly from the Charter of New-Englandy dated
O^okryy i(5y5, that the Limits of that Province extend
no farther than Sagakadcc. The Ceflion, therefore, of a
confidcrable Territory, which lies between that River
and Pentagoet y will more than fatisfy all the realbnablc
Views that the Englifp can propoic to themfclves.

From the whole relults this Conclufion, that France
offers, for the Sake of maintaining Peace, to facrifice her
Right, her adtuai PolIclTion, and her evident and great
Intereft-, but will extend this Sacrifice no farther than
the Ceflion of the Peninfula, of Acadia^ with the Con-
, ditions andClaufes above mentioned, and of that Part
of the Coaft on the Continent, which extends tiom
Sagabadoc to Pentagott,

. <;x

' i)ll3t;'(^'-^r^iilS^**^^'^'-'-- -■■'■'-''■■'^^

'fmrmrmimmmi^iimm

efs favourable to the
ch who inhabit the
\ vaft Thickneis of
files, will be equally
ich either of vhc two
,ainll the other,
demanding Twenty
anctife, on the Coalt
no Manner of Right
'd could any real Ad-
eflion oi this, as it i$
,d wholly unneceflary
'cen Acadia and Nevj'
> indifpenfably neccf-
inication mth^ickci
iver St. Lawrence.
heir Condefcenfion to
to teftify their Defirc
with them, will even
ke Difpofition in the
Inglijh all the Country
ahfldvc and Pentagoet.
les of the Englijh, and
IsleW'Englandy dated
that Province extend
leflion, therefore, ot a

between that River
isfy all the realbnable

to thcmfclves.
nclufion, that France

Peace, to facrifice her

icr evident and great
crifice no tarthcr than
dcadia^ with the Con-
jcd, andof that Part

which extends trom

.i.tJUWSpBW

WSBWi^ ' tt* W'WWWii

A R T I C L E II. "

Concerning the Limits <?/ Canada.'

THE Court ofFrancc\\;i.s abfolutelyrcieded, and ever
will rejecl, the Propofal made hy England, that the
South-lhoreof the River 67. La'.vrencc, & the Lakes Ontario
and£r;>, fliould Icrve as Linjits between the two Nations.

With Refpcd to this Article, we mud crtablilh it as
the Bafis of the Ncgociation, that the River iV.Lflwrwf^
is. the Center of Canada. This Truth is juftified by all
the Records that lubfift on that Subjedl, by all the Au-
thors that have wrote upon it, and by actual Poffeflion.

All that France can admit, after having eftablifhed
this Principle, which cannor with any Colour of Reafon,
be contradidled, is, to examine, with Refpcdt to this
Point, if the mutual Convenience of the two Nations,
requires any particular Meafure to be taken, in order tQ
fettle invariably the refpedivc Limits.

Thelole Pretext which the EngliJJj makeUfeof to cloak
their Pretenfions, is taken from the 15th Article of the
Tre^y oi Utrecht-., but from an attentive Examination of
all the ExprelTions in that Article, it is manileft that no-
thing has a weaker Foundation, than thofc Inferences have,
which the Court oi London would in Effeft draw from it.

\fty That Article* mentions only the P'^rfons of the
Indians^ and not their Country, or pretended Territory ;
as ihey have no determinate one, and know no Property
but the a(5tual Ufe they make of Land, which they oc-
cupy To-day, and perhaps ceafe to occupy T6i-morrow.

idy It would be abfurd to pretend, that, where-ever an
Indian Alley, or Subjedl of oneof the two Crowns, fhould
make a tranfientRefidence, the Land which he had occupi-
cd,muftbelongtothatCrownwhofeSubje6lor Alley hewas.'

3</, The Indians in Queftion, are free and independent,
and cannot be called the Subjeftsof either ot the two
Cro\yfls i the j^cclaration of the Treaty of Utr^fht in
this Refpeft is wrong, and cannot change the Nifture of
Things. Certain it is, that no Englijhmau durft, without
running the Rifle of being maflacred, tell the Iroquois
(Ftv( Nations) that they are the Subjqjas gi England. The

B b ' Indian^

^^MHI jl l l in i i iiii n ii Wf ipfi lii iii . i ] ii i iiii nini i ii iMi] ii "«i i i <i w i |iwi ■ i i)iM|mu . if.p i . i' "W.'»i"i '» »i"MHi , ii.il i mH IWBPWpw^^

( 176 )

/;7iM«Nations have nGuvfrnmcnt of thcirown,andare as
much, and more the Friends and Allies of France, th.'.n ot
I'jvrlnrd. Several I'raub Families have even been adopted
^:^\\^o\^fg\.\\c Iroquois, and lived with them at thelall War, du-
l-ingwhichthcFr.rA'^rt//V«Jobrerv'dthcftritteftNcutrality.
4//', The 15th Article of the Treaty oiltrecht, con-
tains the fame Stipulations in Favour of the French, as ot
the Engfifh, and thcfc Stipulations are reciprocal. I1ic
Frejicb therefore can maintain, by a better Title than the
Englifi pretend to have to the Iroquois, that the Menaqitais
and Scuriqticis Nations, othcrwife called the Micmas, Ma-
iecitcs, C(innibas,Scc. are the Subjefts of France: And as
fomc of the Souriquois mhohk the Fxtremity of the Pen-
^ infulav on the Coaft of Cape Forchu, and CafeSabk; it
will follow, that the French may have Pretcnfions to form
y Settlements. there, with as much Right as the En^l/p d\d
* at Ofivego or Choiidgcn, on the Banks of Lake-Ontario, in
TheYear 1726, or 1727, and confequcntly a longTime
after the Peace of Utrecht -, fince which, France has never
. ccafed complaining of that F.nterprize, and expeifti that
the Fort o\ Chcuagen will be dcftroyed.

5/7.','Tisa Mifinterpretation of theTreat.y oWtrecht, to
pretend that it authorizes i\\zFrench and Etiglipto trade in-
difcriminatcly with all the Indian Nations, wndcrPretencs
of Subjcftion, Alliance, or Friendfhip : That Article well
attended to, and explained, only fecures ihc Liberty cf
•: Commerce which the IndiansmAy havewith them, or with
the European Nations, and by no Means allows them to
leave their Colonies, in order to trade with the Indians.^
6th, In fine, this XVth Article admits, that it be ref-
pcdlivcly determined, \i\\zt American Nations fhall be
deemed Subjefts or Allies of the two Crowns. This Sti-
pulation has notbeenperformsd,becaufe it is indeed hard-
ly poflibly topcrformit, asanM;'««Nationwho are your
AUie*To-Day, may, To-Morrow, be your Enemies -,
conicquently their Adions would perpetually contradid
Iwh a Determination, as might be agreed upon.

All that has been fct forth, clearly proves, that in ex-
amining the XVth Article ot the Treaty of Utrecht, ac-

. -. ". cording

tflf0^.

>— -%-^ _^^^

^.A«»ig..j^M fa" «> *i» » «>«»K fla<jteaA^J

<t9'*'<'9*PiR|lf«W>

i» tt«»« M u» n w. |' M,.aiftW (* wi m

cirown,andarf 'as
ot France, thun ot
:ven bet-n adopted
tthelaftWar, du-
tritteftNcutrality.
f ot" Itrerbt, con-
t" the French, as ot

reciprocal. The
ter Title than the
hat the Menaquais
\ the Micmcis, Ma-
)i' France: And as
emity of the Pcn-
and Cape Sabk ; it
'retcnfior.s to form

as the Fjigllp did
,f Lake-Ontario, in
icntly a long Time
, France has never
, and expefti that

rear.y oWtrecht, to
I £>/"•///& to trade in-
ms, isndcrPretencs
: 'rhat Article well
jrcs ihe Liberty ct
:with them, or with
ins allows them to
: with the Indians.
nits, that it be ref-

Nations fhall be
Crowns. This Stt-
ife it is indeed hard-
fationwho are your

be your Enemies -,
•petually contradi(S
igreed upon,
proves, that in ex-
:aty of Utrecht, ac-
cording

- ^77 ) , .
cording to the Rules ot Jullice and Rquity, it will he. (^^.{^

to dcllroy the talfe Interpretations impoled on it. It will

be no Icls eafy todemonltratc, th^t the Engliflj ought not

to be determined by any Motive of Intcrcrt, to infill upon

the Prctcnfions they have harmed. In the vail Regions

o^ America, there is no Occafion to difputc about a little

Ground, if one Side fliould happen to have more or lets

than the other. vSccurity and Commerce arc the two only

Points on which the elTcntial Intercft terminates : And

the Court of /r/7;;i(? will always be dilpofed, to take, in

Concert with the Court o'i London, fome Handing and

equitable Mcafures with Refpc£l to thefc Points, as well

tor the prcfent, as tuturc Times.

Article III.

Concerning the Courfc and Territory of O HI O.

IT is evident, and incontcftablc from the Principles of
• Jullice, mutual Convenience and Security, as well as
Ironi Titles and Records, that the O///0 ought to be a Part
of the PofTcflions of France. The Englijh have not any
Settlements on th.it River -, and when the Britifi Miniftry
alTcrtcd, that the Heads ot that River were full of ancient
bettlementsot their Nation, they too readily gave Credit
to talfe Relations. The Irench have ever looked upoa
that River as belonging to Canada ; and it is cflentially
neccliary to them, for theCommunication of Canada with
Louifiav.a. They have frequented it at all Times, and with
Forces : It was alio by that River, that the Detachment
of Troops palTed, who were lent to Louiftana about the
Year 1739, on Account ef the War with the Chicafnvjs,
If there had been any EngUjh Settlements on the River
at that Time, or if it had been a Part of the Biitijh Co-
Ionics, would i\\<i French have been permitted to go. down
the River's whole Length ? Or would not the Court of
• London^ at leaft, made Ibmc Complaints ? But then there
. was as yet noTalk of thenewPretenfions,whichhavefincc
rifen, without Proof, Title, or any Sort of Foundation,
It is true, that within thefe late Years, fome FLngliJI)
Traitors palled the Mountains ot Virginia, and ventured
to carry on a Fur Trade with the Indians on the Ohio,

B b 2 Tl"?

(.'

_d?Srv

iliaa»k«i6»**''

mimmf^im mm m M« < f»"

( 178 )
The French Governors of Canada cootented themfelves
at firft with acquainting them, that they were within tha
Territory of France, and enjoined them not to return
there, under Penalty of having their Effedh feized, and
being made Prifoners. The Traitors^ however, returned j
their Goods were confifcated, and fold, and they were
perfonally arreflcd, taken to ^lekcy and from thence to
France, where they were thrown into Prifon at RccheUe.
No Reclaim or Complaint was made by the Court of
London ; they were looked upon as Contraband Traders,
whom their Avarice had cxpoled to the Hazards of an
illicit Commerce.

After having thus firmly cflabliflied the Right and
Pofleffion of the French, on the River and Territory of
Ohio,\t ought to be confidered as a very convincing Proof
of their Love of Peace, that they are moll ready and wil-
ling to ftipulate, that all the Territory between the Ohio
and the Mountains, which bound Vhjinia, Iliall remain
neutral -, and that all Commerce in, or PafTage thro' the
fame, ihallbeprohibitedas well iox.htFrenchi^%thtEngUJh.
Article IV.
Concerning the IJlands in Difpute.

THE Iflands in Queftion, are thofe of St. Lucia, Do-
minica, St. Vincent and 'Tobago. We are not affraid
to afTert, that the CommifTaries of France have demon-
ilrated to the laft Degree of Evidence, that the Ifland of
St. Lucia belongs to the King their Maftcr; and that thofe
oi St. Vincent and Dominica ought to belong to the Indians
or Caraibs, under the Protedion of his Majelty.

Thefe CommifTaries have made no Memorial concern-
ing the Ifland oi Tobago -, but it is no lefs eafy to demon-
ilrate the Legality of the FrenchCWim to this Ifland. The
Couxtoi France therefore at the fame Time that they offer
to facrificcin Favour of £«g^/flW, what is above-mentioned*
5n this Memorial, mufl: infift that their Right of Property *
In thelflands of St. Lucia and Tobago, be acknowledged ;
and that the Iflands oiSt. Vincent a/id Dominica be left to
the Indians or Caraibs, under the Protedion of his Moft
Phriftian Majcfty. Signed, Duke d« Mirepoix.

NVMB,

ing

i.Tli

CanCi

Iflan

Jujticc
nience
Peace,
•wijhed
be equa
fear to
The Bi
Refpe^i
fttJing

Peninf
Sable, i
ted in I
4th, t;
ter Att
deliver

Frah
by alTer

nor

" and t

"pf th

"Part

•This
immedial
might inc
this Trou
carefiU to
of their F

WWtggTTtni'i

?ntcd themfclves
r were within th«
m not to return
ffedh feized, and
wever, returned j
, and they were
d from thence to
'rifon at RccheUe.
vf the Court of
xaband Traders,
; Hazards ot an

the Right and
and Territory of
ronvincing Proof
II ready and wil-
aetween the Ohio
'in, fliall remain
l^affage thro' the
ncbasthcEngliJb.

'>ute.

ot St. Luciay Do-
le are not affraid
nee have demon-
:hat the Ifland of
Ti and that thofe
ng to the Indians
iVlajeity.
:morial concern-
5 eafy to demon-
this Ifland. The
le that they offer
bove-mentioned *
ight of Property *
acknowledged ;
minica be left to
lion of his Moft

I MiREPOIX.

NUMB.

(

)

T79

N U M B. XIII.

MEMORIAL- delivered the yth <9/ June, 1 755, by the

Minijlry ^^ London, in Anfv:er to the preceeding.eoncertt'

ing the four Points in S^ueftion^ relating to America.

1. The Limits of^/f.7t//Vz, or Neva- Sectia. 2. The Limitsof

Canada. 5. The Coiirfc of the Territory of 0/&/^, 4. The

inands of St. Lueia^ St. Vincent, Dcminica and Tcbago.

TH E Court of Great-Britain eflablifhes as thegeneraC
Principles of the Ncgociation, thofe of Right and
Jujkce, but does not allow y that, properly fpeaking. Conve-
nience is me \ -which can only be admitted through a Defire of
Peace, and the Maintenance of a good Underflanding fo much Z
wifhed for between the two Courts: IVho ought, con fequently ta '
be equally difpofcd, to relinqiiifh, in fame Ccjes, what may ap-
pear to be an abfolute Right, when it<anhe done with Security.
'The Britifh Court are ready to teflify their Inclination in this ^
RefpeEl,as far as Prudence and Security will permit them, ex- I
pitting to find the fame goodDifpofitions on the Side <7/"France. *
Article the firfi.
Concerning the Limits of Acadia.

WHatever Reafon France may have, to think that
Acadia ought to be bounded by that Part of the *
Peninfula, which extends {xomCapeFonrchu, or \xomCape
Sable, as far as Cape-Canfcau, founded upon what isalTer- -
ted in the Memorial of their Commiflaries, dated O£lober
4th, 1755, it were to be wilhcd that they had given bet-
ter Attention to the Reply * made to that Memorial, and
delivered by the Englifj CommifTaries two Years fince.

France\\zs, neverthelefs, anfvvcred it no otherwifethan
by afferting, « that this Reply dcftroys neither the Fads
" nor their Proofs contained in the French Memorial ;
" and that therefore it ought to be eftablidied as a Bafjs
"pf the Negociation, that yfc«(/w comprehends butoiie
"Part of the Peninfula."

Not-

* ThU Reply has been anfv/ered fince by u Iwcmorial which ought
immediately to be made publick. The Proceedings of the En^i/!>
might indeed have made ibeCommiffariesof his Majcfty difpenfe with
this Trouble. But it is the peculiar Glory of the French, that they are
carefiU to exhibit to the View of the whole World, both the Jufticc
«f their Right^ and the Regularity «f their Proceedings.

^.^jfffiMMnp

( iSo )
Notwithftanding this, it appears to the Court of Gr^^/-
BritAiti, to be clearly and fubftantially proved m this Re-
ply,that the ancient Limits of Jcfidia, or Nova-Scoiw, ( tor
ft is concerning its an'.ient Limits we are now difnunng)
extend on the Weft, towards Neiv-England, by the River
JPembfcot, otherwifo called Pentcgoct ; that is to iay, bc-

■ cinninE at its Mouth •, and from thence, drawing a right
Line on the North Side, as tar as the River S\..Lai;jrence,
or the great Rif cr o'i Canada ; that its northern Limits ex ■
tend by the faid River Si. Lctvrence, along its foutherii
Shore as far as Cape^Rofiers, fituate at its t-ntrance; that
itsEaftern Limits extend thro' the Gulph oiSt.Lait:rence,
from the faid Cape-Rofters, on the South-Eall Sidc,by the
inands of £^f<:«/<J<JJ, ox Cafe-Breton, leaving thefclflands
to the Right, and the Qulph of St. Lawrence, and Nc^v-
jemdlandy with the IHands thereunto belonging, to the
Left, as far as the Cape, or Promontory, called, Cape-
Breton-, and that its Southern Limits extend thro the
great Atlantic Ocean, drawing a Line on the South- Welt

. Side, from the faid Cape-Breton, thro' Cape-Sable, com-
prehending the Ifland of the fame Name, in the Entrance
of the Bay oiFundv, which rifes on theEail Side, within
the Country, as tar as the Mouth of the faid River Pe^

nobfcoty or Pentagoet. , ^ ^ r^ l ' t • •

A Difference fo eflcntial, with Refpett to the Limits
claim'd by both Nations as their Right, has already dil-

. pofed the Court oi Qreat-Britain, for the Sake of Peace,
not to be rigorou«, in demanding what belongs to them •.

- but to propofe, that two Lines being drawn, one from
U»e Mouth of the River Penohfcot,or Pentagoet, as far as
its Source, and from thence continued in a ftrait Couric
to the North, as far as the River StXa-xrence -, the other
from a certain Point on the faid River Pentagoet, 20
Leagues diftant from its Mouth, acrofs the Contmefit,
to a Point 20 Leagues diftant from CapeTourmenttn, on
the Gulph of St. Lawrence, the whole Pcninfula, Ifthmus,
Bay of Fundy, and in general all the Countries, Rivers,
and Shores,ntuate to the Soutli-Eaft of the laft Line above
mentioned, ftiall belong io full SQvereignty,to the Crown

\..'-

\cCo\nt of Guat-
iroved in this Rc-
Nova-Scotia^ (tor
re now difputing)
and, by the River
that is to fay, bc-
, drawing a right
\vtxSx..Lav:rencey
irthern Limits ex-
ilong its foutiiern
ts Entrance-, that
ph of St. Laivrenccy
i-Eall Sidc,by the
iving thefc Iflands
wrence^ and Nctv-
jelonging, to the
:ory, called, Cnpe-
extend thro' the.
3n the South-Welt
• Cape-SabUy com-
ic, in the Entrance
: Eail Side, within
:he faid River Pe->

peft to the Limits
It, has already dif-
the Sake of Peace,
t belongs to them •,

drawn, one from
Pentagoet, as far as
d in a ftrait Courfc
fjirence -, the other
Liver Pentagoet, 20
Tofs the Continefit,
lape Tourmentifty en
Pcninfula, Ifthmus,

Countries, Rivers,

fthelaft Line above

ignty,to the Crown

- I .■ ■ii.il l uu.Tirnirr»r........j— . .„ ftt l f IT ,

( 181 )

cf Creat-Britnin -, and that, with Refpedl to the Count^
fituate to the North-Weft, between the two Lines above
mentioned, as far as the River St.l.aitroHe^ it fliall not
be inhabited or poffcircd by the Subjcds of either of the
two Crowns.

The Britijh Court imaginc,that this Propofal will per-
fciilly anfwer all the Ends of Security and mutual Con-
venience -, but on the other Hand, they oblerve with Con-
cern, that the Conditions and Reftrictions under which
France pretends to give up the Poilcflion of the Peninfula
to Great-Britain, arc fub)c(5t to luch infurmountable Dif-
ficulties and Ohjcftions,' as muft render Pofleflion of the
Peninfula entirely ufelefs.

\Jt, As to the Propofal of allowing the Space of three
Years to all the French who inhabit the Peninfula to re-
tire with their Effects, that would deprive Great-Britain
o\ a very confiderablc Number ot ulcful Subjedts, if the
fame Privilege fhould be extended to the French who
were fettled there at the Treaty of Utrecht^ and to their
Defccndants.

By the Fourteenth Article of that Treaty, the Inha-
bitants had in Fadt, the Liberty of removing thcmfelves
elfewhere, with all their moveable EfFeds, within the
Space of one Year -, but that Time being elapfed Forty
Years fince, there is not the Icafl Realbn why the fame
Right fhould ftill fubfift ; and it is not to be fuppofcd*,
but that thofe who voluntarily continued under the Do-
minion of Great-Britain^ as alfo their Defccndants, born
in that Country, would, with the greatcft Regret relin-
guifli their Settlements, even if it were polTiWe that the
King of Great-Britain c«uld confent to a Propofal lb
difadvantagpous.

2</, Whatever Defire France may have to poflefs the
Ijlbmus and Beau-Baffin^ as the only Communicatioa
during a confidcrable Part of the Year between ^ekc

and

* Thtfe Inhabitants would aot remove at that Tiffl«,b«caur« tliejr
thought that the Country in which they dwelt tyai not cemprehended
in the Ceflion ; and the Engt'/h themfalves muft have been of the fame
Opinion, as they did not oblige tbcni to ackaowkdge tks Kipg of
I/»x/«W for their Swcrriga.

• ,

-,.»..»4. , . _,

■*.

fe:

( lfi2 )
«nd IJle Royal, Great-Britain can by no Means confent
to it, without giving up their mod clTential Security for
the Reft ot x.\\zFemnj:ila. They may fulWaswcil abandon
it entirely, as leave thcKey to it in the Hands of another.
3<i, The fame Difficulty prcfents itielf with Refpeft
to the Propofal of leaving a certain Extent of Country
uninhabited on the Pcfiinfula, along the Coaft which
reaches to the Gulph of 6V. Lawrence. It appears to
Great- Britain, that a vaft Tiiicknels of Wood, and the
PalTige of fevcral Defiles, would rather be a Cover,
than an Obftacle, to any Dcfigns which either of the
^fivo-Nntiom (night form againft the other.

^.th. In ConlcQUcnce of thefe and the like Refledlions,
Great-Britain is obliged for its Security ftill to infill up-
on having a certain Border of Country, which may be
agreed upon, along the North Side of the Bay of Fund)\
as far as the Gulph oi St. Lawrence, without which the
PofTcffion of the Peninfula, and Bay of Fundy, will be al-
together Precarious.

So that on which Side foever the Conditions and Rc-
' ftridiona propofcd by France, are confidered, Great-Bri-
tain cannot but look upon them as fo many Seeds of new
Diflentions. To leave the Bay of Fundy in common,
would be the readieft Method of interrupting the good
Harmony fo much defired on both Sides. Nay, by the
Confeflion of France itfelf, in the Memorial of M. Torci
ot the loth of June, 1712, Experience has heretofore kf-
ficiently demonftrated, that it is impojfible to prejerve fuch an
Union, in Places pop/ed in common by the French and En-
glifh V which Obfervation is equally true with Refpedt
to a Bay fo narrow, as this in Queftion. France has hi-
therto been content witlj IJle Royal to fecure their En-
trance into the River St. Lawrence j and it was for the
like Reafons, that the EngliJJi, to whom the Poffeinonof
4cadia ^d Newfoundland, was fixed by the Treaty of
Utrecht, abandoned their Pretenfions to poffefs over and
above thefe, the Ifland of Cape-Breton, in common with
the French.

-.*»■ /^If^P^ Jf '3^

^/^ .u...-..,---™-'i*^

^*.> . j*,>^

y^^ j^^^i . ■r-r^fC':'

10 Means confent
fcntial Security for
lilaswcll abandon
Hands of another.
tielf with Refpeft
xtent of Country

the Coaft which
e. It appears to
>f Wood, and the
her be a Cover,
aich either of the
)ther.

ic like Reflexions,
:y ilill to infill up-
ry, which may be

the Bay of i-ww^',
vithout which the
f Fundji will be al-

onditions and Rc-
fidered, Great-BH-
nany Seeds of new
'undy in common,
n*rupting the good
des. Nay, by the
morial of M. Torci
? has heretofore fuf-
• to prejerve fuch an
the French and En-
true with RcfpecEt
1. France has hi-
3 fecure their En-

and it was for the
im the Poffeinonof

by the Treaty of
to poffefs over and
», in common with

C »»3 .)

A R T 1 C L B It.

^ Concerning the Limits of Canada.
T will be difficult to form an cxadl Idea of what

_ cal ed m the Memorial, the Center of C^jnada, and
much lefs can it be admitted as the Bafis of the Negoci-
ation, that the River St. Lawrence is the Center of that
Provmce, which is aflcrted without Proof. It is impoffi*
ble, that the Cuurfeofi River, of fuch an Excent; can
form the Center of any Country, otherwife Great- Rritaitt
Would not confent, that the Territory between the North
Side of the Bay of Fundy, and the Southern Shore of the
R!vcr 5/. Lawrence (which Great-Britain has alreudy
offered to leave neutral and uninhabitable by either of
the Two-Nations, excepting the Border propofcd to b«
taken off) ought to be, what it never has been, confider-
ed as a Part of Canada ) as the contrary has been demon-
ftratcd by authentic Proofs.

Neither can GrM/-fir;/flm ndfflit, thit France has in¥
Right to the Lakes Ontario and £r/V, and to the Rivef
Niagara, or to theexclufive Navigation of thefe Waters.
bincc It IS tfvidcnt from incontctlable Fafts, that the
bubjcdts of Great^Britain and France^ as well as the five
Jroquots Nations, indifcriminately, make Ufc of the Na-
vigation of thcle Lakes and that River, whenever Op.
portunity or Convenience require. But with Refpedfc
to » Portion of Country, fituate on the North Side of
the River St. Lawrence, exclufive of that which has beea
propofcd to be left neutral, the Boundaries of which
are in Difpute between the Two-Nations, or their Refpcc-
tive Colonies, the Court of Great-Britain is ready to
enter upon a % Difcujfton of this Particular, and to de-
termine the Limits by an amicable Negodation ; but ftiU
without injuring the Rights and PoflciTiont of any of
toe Ftve-Natiens* '

C d j^l

A^-JlfiV P*^"? °"^* «f Difcoffioas and fatare ^egociations I
S««ui,i* •*•'!!* ^^^^ "*!* ""^'"8 ^"* "** Sword »to th« Frtnck

fhl jpi I'p^/J**^ '*•*'.?*" •""««* *"»« »" thedefired Succefs,

I i

W! 1i

\ >■«

(. i84 )

As to the Expofltioii givtn in the French Memorial
of the XVth Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Court
of Cnat-BritMn cannot conceive that ft is authorized
either by the ExprcfTions, or Intention of that Article.

i_y?, The Court of Great-Britain cannot admit that
this Article rcfpcfta only the Pcrfons of the Indians, and
not their Country. The Words of the Treaty are clrar
and prccife, viz. Thit the Five-P^ations or Cantons of
Indians are Subjedt to the Dominion of Great-Britain j
Which, according to the teceived Explanation of all
Treaties, ought to rcfpcft the Country, as well as the
I'erlbns of the Indians. This France has acknowledged
in the mod lolemn Manner. They confidcred well the
Importance of this Acknowledgment, at the Time of
iigning the Treaty j and Great-Britain will never go
back from it. The Country pofleffed by thefe Indians
is very well known, and is not fo indeterminate, as is
pretended in the Memorial. They poffefs and transfer
Property as other Proprietors generally do every whcrtf

2di Great-Britain never pretended thsft the Land
where an Indian made but a tranficnt Refidence, (hould
belong to the Grown of which he was a Subjedt or Alley.

3^, However free and independent the Indians in
Queftion may be (which is a Point the Court of
Great- Britain mW not undertake to difcufs*; ttey ought
to be looked upon as the Subjefts of Great Britain, and
treated as fuch by the French in particular, as they are
lolemnly bound by the Treaty of Utrecht, renewed and
confirmed in a better Manner by that of Jix-la-ChapelUt
to look upon them as fuch. The Nature of Things is
not changed i>yi t the Treaty oWtrecht. The lame Peo-
ple, the lame Country always exifts : But the Acknow-
ledgment made by franceoiiht Subjeftion of the Ito^oiS
to the Brittjh Nation, is a perpetual Proof of tHeirRi^ht
in this Particular, which can never be difputed witfi

them by France. 4'^»

• Attd with good Roafoti, notwithllatidtng tho Point ii decifir^.
For, if the I/idians are independent, they arc not then the ^bjeAi of
Mjulaad. ;^Thex t^ouUuadofibttdl/ havt U&i/nct.

■^ —i.;.. ..««--

> I

i..M-.am-,.-':-m6tilWaK-''-rrm^-a

French Memorial
Jtrecht^ the Court
h is authorized
I of that 'Xrticle.
nnot admit that
)f the Indians^ and
: Treaty arc clrar
HS or Cantons of
of Great-Britain v
cplanation of all
^, as well as the
las acknowledged
jnfidcred well the
t, at the Time of
in will never go
\ by thefe Indians
determinate, as is
loflefs and transfer
lly do every where

d thift the Land
Refidence, (hould
I Subjeft or Alley.
;nt the Indians in
)int the Court of
cufs *) tt ey ought
threat Britain^ and
icular, as they are
echt^ renewed and
of Jix-la-ChapelUt
ture of Things is
f. The fame Pco-
But the Acknow-
6tion of the Iro^oiS
*roof of their Right
be difputed with
Ath,
; the Point ii decifire.
not then the ^bj«Ai of

•mmmm

4tby It is true the 15th Artii le of thcTr'^nty of^mlf,
contains the fame Stipulations in I'avoiir of the haui
as of the Engli/h, with Refpcdt to fuch huiian Nati^in^
as fliould be deemed by the Commifrarics, alter the
Conclufionof the Treaty, fubjfdl: to CnvH-BrifJn m
Fiance; But as to the Iroquois Cantons above mentioned,
France ha» diftinftly and rpeclftfaliy declared in the laid
15th Article, that they are ilibjcft to Credit- Britain^
Magn^ Britannia Imperio fubjciLn^ and conrt:qiiftitly this
is a Point which can admiuof no farther Difinitc.

5th, In whatever Manner the Treaty of Vtncbt is in.
terpretcd, with Rcfpe^ to the 7>ade which the Englifb
and French (hall be allowed to carry on with the Indian
NationMndilcriminatcly, it is ncverthelcfs very certain,
that fuch a general Commerce is by no Means authorized
by this Treaty. To trade with one's own Subjefts *,
Allies or Friende, is a corfjmon and natural Right •, but,
to enter by Force upon Lands belonging to the Subjefts
or Allies of another Crown, toeredt Forts there, and de-.
prive them of their Territories, and ufurp them for them-
lelves, this neither i«, nor can be authorized by any Pre-
tenfion, not even that moft uncertain one of all, wz. Con-
venience : Yet notM ithttanding this, fuch are th? Forts
Frederick^ Niagara, that of the Peninfula, of the River
Mx-baufs, and all thofe which hftvc bcvn byilt qo the 0-
hio and Territories ^adjacent.

Whatever Pretence frante may urge, for confiderlng
thefe Countries as dependent on Canada^ it is certainly
true that they belonged, and (inafmuch as they have not
been cededor transferred to the Eng/ijh) ftill do belong tQ
thofe /«</w« Nations, w horn /■'r^wfff has agreed, by the 15th
Article of the Treaty of Utrecbt, not to moleit, I\fu//o in
pojierum Impedimento ant Melejia afficiant X- 6//;,

"They arc always begging thcQuEftion, by fuppofing continually,
that the Irojuois are the Subjcfls cf England. They are, in Fact, at'
thi» very 1 ime their Enemies ; and, in Juflicethey have always been
free. See the Harangue* of Mr. John/on, and Mr. Wajhintun, above.
% What do the Enilijb £ght for the hoqutit, whofe Heai^t they
have fet \ Price upon, and whom at this Day they look upon «$ ihvir
Enemi«a I If thefe Lands always belonged to the Indians, why is all
f.^'f-^KOW tr9uble4 to do th^ls IndinHt a ^eivicc, ^vhick tiiey do not

C c « i«quiir£

ofarilfiiUIKMIiiliiWMttrttkbte. «

ItfJ., -.-!.■. ,.,J»*,,„

■■i l> I n >i m iiii>ww>yir'

( 186 )

C//>, It has been »lre»dy proved, thtt Frana ha«, bf
the cxprcls Woids of the laidTreaiy, fully and ablblute-
Jy acknowledged the Iruauois 10 be the SubjcdlscfGrM/-
BritaiH, It vould not have been fo difficult ai it prc-
ttriided in the MennoriaK to agree upon the Subjedlion
ot the other Imlians^ it among ib nriany Commiffions at
have been iHlicd to regvilatc this Point, there had been a
trutual Difpbfirion to come to a Conclufion. The A(fti
cl thf fc Commiflions have fufficiently difcovered the true
Realons which have obftru(^ed the Execution of the
I5tl> Article of the Treaty of Utrecht, without having
Kecuurfe to fuch an imaginary Suppofition, as, that the
Tieaty was not capable of being executed i a Suppofi-
tion, which is manifeftly deftroycd by the Tfcaty it«
ielf with Helped to the Iroquois Nations.
Article III.
Concerning the Courfe and territory of Ohio,
^l^TOtwithflanding all that is advanced upon this Ar-
1 \( tide, the Court of Great Britain cannot admit that
Trance has the leaft Title to the River Obioy and the Te-
ritory in QiicOioni even that of Poflefllon neither can
ix.r ought to b' alltdgcd cn this Point, fincc Fraw^^ can-
rot pretend to have had any before the Treaty of ^ix-la-
Cl-rpelU^ nor fince, unlefs it be that fomc Forts unjuftly
ended in the lad Place, upon Lands which evidently
belong to the live- Nations* , or which they havetranA-
Jrrred to the Crown of Great- Britain, or its Subjefls,
ivhich may be proved from ^reaties%y and the moft <w»-
ihctitk Afis.

1 he Title which France feems moft to infift upon, is
the Ufe made of this for Communication between Canada
»nd Lcuifiana •, but, in Fadf, they have never made any
Uic of it, unlefs it was occafionally or fecretly, and, m

perhaps

Trqoire, niy, with which they arc offended f Or may wc not afle
$:llanti, why do not you abandun the Irequtit, who have already
i»l>nndnned yon ? Mull the Blood of M. BradJack be fpilt in the Ser-
vite of Tuch Fricndt ) Certain it is that the htdiamt themielvai do aet
li't.k upon the friendly Zeal of the Englijh at diftintercfted.

*The tnghjh all along plcitd nothing but the Intercft and Richt of the
^ive-i(M/iei», ^ Eh^ImA, pctbap*, will f »b)i|t| t|if If Jrf§(>«f a|||^?

'^..

^^MMMMiiliwevA".

nm) Htifn . ' ifi m mf

at Franet hai, hf
ully and abl'ulute-
SubjrdtsorGrM/-
difficult ai it pre-
)n the Subjeftion
f Com minions at
, there had been a
jfion. The Atfti
ifcovered the true
Bxecution of the
', without having
ition, as, that the
jted; a Suppofi-
>y the Treaty it*

19.

)ry of Ohio,
:ed upon thia Ar-
cannot admit that
3i»w, and the Te-
efllon neither can
, fince Frfl«f^ can-
Treaty oiAix-la'
me Forts unjuftly
which evidently
\i they have tranf-
» or its Subjefls,
and the moft au-^

to infift upon, is
•n between Canada
e never made any
fecretly, and, at
perhaps
Or maj wc not aflc
is, who have already
(k be fpilt in the Ser-
ans themfeWei do boI
^intercfted.
tereft and Richt of the

( »87 )
^rhapi might have happened in fo vaft a Region, in fuck
a Manner as not to be taken Notice of, which, however,
cannot give them th( lead Shadow of Righc.

The Rivers Miams and Ouahache only have bef n ufed
for fome Years, as a Communication between Canada
and Lfiuifiana^ not that Great-Britain can admit that
Franci has any Right to thole Rivers, much left (till to
a Paflfage fo near as they are to the River Ohio. Ai to
theUfe they made of this lad River, on Account ot th«
War with thtCbickafaws, the Allies and Friends of Great-
hrttain, when Great-Britain did not even malce a formal
Complaint of it } it will not follow, that a Violence com-
mitted at a certain nice and critical Conjuncture, /houl4
ferve as a foundation for new Incroachments. This it
much the fame with the rafh and inconfiderate Meafurei
taken by a Governor of a remote Colony, who prohibit
ted the EngUJh from«pafnng the Mountains of hrginia^
under the Penalty of having their Goods feized, and be-
ing made Prifoners. The Manner in which the Court
of Great-Britain complains of fuch like Proceedings has
been fufHciently manifefled, in the Memorial * delivered
by the late Earl of Albemarle^ the 7th of Martha 1 751,
to the Court of France itfelf. What the Court of Great-
Britain^ alTerts, and inflits upon, is, that the Five Iroquois
Nations, acknowledged by France to be the Subjedls of
Britain^ are either originally j;, or by Right of Conqueil, ,
the lawful Proprietors of the Territory of ObiOt in Quef- .
tion. And as to that Part of the Territory, which thofii
People have ceded and transferred to the Britijh Nation
(which muft be acknowledged to be the molt lawful and
equitable Manner of acquiring it) they claim it as their
Property; which they have not ceafed to cultivite twen-
ty Years and more, and upon feveral Parts of which they
have formed Settlements, from the very Sources of Obio^
as far as Pikbac-Filliatis, which is the Center ot the
Territory fituate between Obio and Ouabacbe. Bue

* This Memorial never was delivered to the Court of FriHce.
X Why do the Engli^ fpecify nothing more cxadlly i The Lefu»i\
if their Original ii confider'd, will i'W long give th« !»£/'> an lUlit

I HMW 'l ^ll ' . l

i w iii m i

i U P WIf i im . iiiw >» |i H ' ) ' H i p Wl |i'WVW <PWWWW

ff«4

( 188 )

But noCwithftanding thcie Fa As are fo clear and evK
dent, the Court of Creat'Britain^ for the Sake of Peace,
and the Prefervation of a good Underftanding between
the two Courts, have propolcd, in order to prevent all
future Difputes, to leave that Traft of Land in thole
Farts, neutral and uncultivated, which has already been
declarcti to the Court of France^ and Great-Britain' is
ready to adjuft and limit the precife Extent of it, by an
amicable Negcciation.

A R T I CLE IV.

Concerning the IJlands in Difpute.

T Hough the Court of Great-Britain cannot by any
Means be fatisfied with the Arguments aiiedged
in the laft Memorial of theCommifTaries oiFrance^ with
Rcfpeft tb the .Right of his Mcfi Chrijiian Majefty to the
Ifland of St. Lucia ; yet neverthelefs they are of Opinion,
that it will not be neceflary to entir immediately, upon
fuch a particular Detail as thar Matter requires, which
indeed could not be rompri/ed vathin the Bounds of an
Anfwer to the laft Memorial of the Court of France.

They were engaged in drawing up an ample Reply on
this Head, as well as on the Difpute concerning the
Iflands of St. Vincent^., Dominica^ and Tobago : But the
Court of Great'Britaitt are ranher inclined to enter upon
a Difcufilon of the Difputes concerning the four Iflands
in the Courfe of this Negociation, being dii'pofed to come
to. a reafonable and amicable Accommodation*, in full
Afllirance of meeting with the like Difpofition in the
Court of France. Signed, T. Robinson.

NUMB. XIV.
AccovNT of the Engagement of the Ships Alcide and

LySt one commanded by M. Hocquarty the other by
\ M. dc Lorgerie^ taken j: by Admiral Bojcawenh Squa-.

dron, confifting of eleven Veflels.

By one of the Officers on board the Alcide.

IN the Latitude tf/45 : 27 Norths and Longitude 53 ; 49
fTeJi, fratn tbt Meridian of Paris j on the ytb <j/ June,

* See, in the following Paper, a Proof of this rtajonable suid mmitm-

lt^4s(9mititHiMi, X Wc had fo much (he Icfi Reafon to appreh«ikl *»

fj«(^l|pHU*)IWf,«fl'-*W!"T'

j l i pwiBMPi Pf'i Myip ' iiiiyyiiw

h are (b clear and evi-
for the Sake ot Peace,
Jnderftanding between
in order to prevent all
Vadb of Land in thoic
vjhkh has already been
, and Great-BriiaiH' it
ife Extent of it, by an

IV.

in Difpute.

-Britain cannot by any
le Arguments aliedged
riiiTaries of France^ with
Chrjjiian Majefty to the
fs they are ot Opinion,
nttr immediately, upon
/latter requires, which
ithin the Bounds of an
:he Court of France:
up an ample Reply on
ifpute concerning the
and Tobago : But the
inclined to enter upon
erning the four Iflands
being dil'pofed to come
:ommodation*, in full
like Difpofition in the
ned, T. Robinsok.
XIV.

»f the Ships Jlcide and
locquart, the other by
miral Bo/cawen's, Squa-
fels.

)ard the Jlcide.
), and Longitude 53 • 49
ris i on the ytb <?/June,
at

of this rtajonablt and arnica.
Ufs Rcafon to apprebitd in

(■ <89 )
6t Six Clock in the Evenings we difcovered eltvtU iail bf
Veffels from our Top-majis^ tkey continued E. iV. E. at
about Jx Leagues Dijiance. M. Hocquart ordered a Signal
to be made to the Lys and /,^/f Dauphin-Royal te croud Saif,
and endeavour to reconnoitre this Squadron hejh-e Nighty
thinking that it might be our ozvn^ from 'vobich wi bad been
feparated feveral Days\ the Wind Juddenly ab^tid, and a
Calm iiiftantly fucceedtngy we lay' too.

The Sthy at Day-Break, we found curfelves to the Wind-
ward of this Squadron, about three Leagues diflant. M.
Hocquart ordered the Signals of Obfervatiort to be made.
But thefe Ships fetting full Sail, and not having anfwered
our Signals, we likewife fet full Sail. The Lys and the
Dauphin-Royal/oo« found them/elves at theHeadcf us; the
Englilh FeJJ'els viftbly gained upon us. M. Hocquart ^rt-y*
Orders to prepare for an Engagement. The SqUadrdn being
within one Gun Shot and a Half, we hoijied our Flag and
Pendant, and fired a Gun without Sbdt, then the fnglifh
Veffels hoifled theirs •, when they were nearer to us, the Ct'
neral ho\fted a red Hag at the Fore-top-mafi Head. .

Between Ten and Eleven in the Morning, the Dunkirk,*
*/ So Guns, appeared within hearing. M. Hocquart de-
fired MeJJh. de Roflaing, Colonel of Infantry, de Rigau,
Governor of Trois-Rivieres in Canada, de Crance, Com-
mifj'ary of War, de Helincour, <»»</ de SomervillC, to at-
tend to whatfhould befaid, in order to give an Account o/itt
He ordered it to be proclaimed three Times in Englifh, Arc
we at Peace, or War ? Jt was anfwered. We don't hear.
The fame ^ejlionwas repeated in French : The fame An-
fwer was returned. M. Hocquart himfelf theu called out.
The Captain anfwered twice, very difiinlfly. Peace, Peace.
M. Hocquart ajked. What is your Admiral's Name ?
Admiral Bofcawen, replied the Englifh. 1 know him, he
is a Friend of mine. Upon which the Englifh aJked, And
what is your Name, Sir ? Hocquart. The Time of pro-

nouncing
Event of this Nature, as the D. dtMireptix, haying been informed in
the Month of ^ajr, 175 5, that Adia. Bt/caweti had Orders to aft upon
*^r* °^*"^»»^' «cqiiainted the Lord Chancellor of EagtaMd, the D. of
Ngwcafilt, the Earl of Granvillt, and Sir T. Robinjtn, with what he
Aid lit»td, vjrbopoiiciye]/ a%cdiiiii^ itwat ab^^ktel/ f%.

* ,.■

....x...v-~

i l i Wj I Unii i f iii iu fc,:^^

■*'««*i«w»iwr**'^"V '

" I II ■! nm Hi Wuani, J'^ii.

'<!

( «'9c» )
ntuncifig thefe Words was the only Interval between the fTord
Peace, and the firing of a Broad-Jide^ which informed us
that it was War. tf^e were then within Piftol-Jhot; thi
Cannon of the Enemy were charged with two Bullets^ and
Pieces of all Kinds of Metal. 7 his joined to the Confidencs
which the fVord Peace, froncunced by the Captain*s Mouth,
ntuji give us, made ut lofeagreat many People \ notwithfiau'
ing which., our fire was not retarded \ we continued feme
time with our Bowfprit lying acrofs the VeffeUfiill keeping
a very brijk Fire of Cannon and Small- Arms, which we point"
id at four or five Veffels who drew towards us, among which
were the Admiral and Rear- tIdmiraL But what could wa
txpeS in the Situation we were in ? our Rigging was cut to
Pieces, our Sails full of Holes, our Fvre-top-mall ready t§
fall, our Main-mali pierced with two Bullets, our Sail-yards
tut, the Mzen-maft and Mzen-top-fail injured, feverat
Pieces of Cannon difmounted, twenty-four Men killed, wound"
td, or maimed on the Decks, among which were four Officers,
Meffrs. de Roftaing, de TAubepin, Monfcrmcil, and
feveral Officers wounded, M. Hocquart at lafi concluded
tofurrender to the Admiral,

At Two in the Afternoon, the ShipDt9iznct, having made
towards the Lys, thi latter kept a running Figbt, and be-
ing attacked by the Fougeux, fhe was put between two
j^res, to which file could make but a weak Refifiance, cou"
fidering the few Cannon with which fhe was armed, which
ohliged M. de Lorgerie, after making all the Refiftanco
poffible, toftrike the Royal Flag,

As to the Dauphin-Royal, the fuperior Swiftncfs of her

Courfe gave M. de Montalais the SatisfaAion of landing

the Troops entruftcd to him at Lmfbourg, where he was

informed of the Capture of our two Veflels, which has

. brought to Light the DeTigns of the Mngltfi^,

FINIS.

»,v -• '"'.■■'*^'

,:_ „,;, jtEii.^

va! between the fTord
which informed us
thinPipl-Jhoti th$
h two Bullets^ and
ned to the Cor\fidencs
he Captain's Mouth,
People i notwithjian-
, we continued fame
he Vejfeh Jim keeping
y-ms, which we point"
rds us, among which
But what could we
• Rigging was cut to
re-top-ma/l ready f
ullets, our Sail-yards
fail injured, fevtrat
' Men killed, weUnd"
:b were four Officers,
Monfcrmcil, and
jart at laji concluded

sfiance, having made
ming Fight, andbe-
>as put between two
veak Rejiftance, con"
e was armed, which
t all the Refijlanci

rior Swiftncfs of her
isfaAion of landing
hurg, where he was
VelTcls, which has
Engli/h»

-^••wjly; --..J i- -■ ---t-' -u.-' . '..*>'--'

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