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T ^M franjlated from the French, X. N ETF' TO R K: Printed and Sold by H. Gaine, at the Printing-Offic* at tlie Bible and Crown, in HanowSquare, ,757. ^ YT ^^^^ J^%&Si»»i. ^ ^¥f Jj'e' • r #:' jii'^. R 7 YOR Jeque It Serv to m Coun JV. ■:. ■■?!>» **i!*'38^i^"' - ■ ■■ - ^ ■ ■■■B«np«M^MOTMHi^||«{pi^MMJ|PVWMI«llianMH^^ }JD FE R riSE ME N1 T O T H E R E A D E R rH E Public have been already informch^ that the three French Volume Sy of which the fol- lowing is a Tranjlation^ were found in a French Prize taken and brought into New- York : l^beir Authenticity cannot be fufpeSled, as they were publijhed at the Royal-Office^ andy con- Jequently^ by Order of the French iQng. It is thought that a Publication of them might be of Service^ as well to difcover the vile Mifreprefentation of FaSfs of which the French have been guilty ^ as to malff known the Falfity of their Pretcnfions to Countries to which they have not the leafl Shadow of Hight or Claim, Ai \ % t ' a* tf • •4 [ iv ] yii to the trarjlatkn itfelf, it is as literal as the sir fi rent Idioms of the two Languages ivculd permit. Jn a fVork of this Nature Corrcdnefs rather than Elcgaiice ought to be ftudied^ and the Reader would be willing to dijpenje with the Beauties of Exprejjim^ provided he has but ajujl and clear Account of Fa£fsi The Translator begs leave to make ufe of this Opportunity publicly to acknowledge the Obligations he is under to thofe young Gentlemen, who fo geueroujly favoured him with their JJJillante in this mrk, and to ajfure them, that he will ever entertain the mojl grateful Senfe of the Favours they bavi ionfared upon him. w. yi IS liberal as the r ivculJ permit. ;fs ratber than le Reader would s ofExpreJJimt Iccount cf' FaStSi make life of this the Obligations ,EMEN, who fo IJJillame in this (I ever entertain ours they have J ^^ quifit tify t her\ A Wbicl paciB profe lour, dent I theC jpaft, to be the/ vanct evinc M E M O R t A L, &>€. Hi S Britannic Majefty hath caufcd to be fcnt to moft of the Courts of Europe^ a Pamphlet, . entitled, *' Obfcrvations on the Memorial of France^ with an Intention to confute the Rca- fons upon which thcKing hath founded his Re- quifition of the i\^ o^ Dtcember laft, and thereby tojuf- tify the Refufal made by England^ of reflioring to Fra$c$ her Veflcls taken in full Peace." A Refufal fo inconfiftent both with that natural Juftice Which conftitutcs the Law of Nations, as well ai thofe pacific Vitws to which his Britannic Majefty hath always profefledah invariable Adherence, could admit of no, Co- lour, butthelmputationof Hoftilities to Fr<2W^ antece- dent to thofe Captures. To weaken the Impreflion, which the Outrages committed by the Englifo Navy for a Year jpaft, muft make on the PoWers abroad, it was neccffary xa be proved, or at leaft maintained, that ihtFnncb were the Aggreflbrs : Such accordingly is the principal Fadl ad- vanced in thefe Oblcrvations. They are intended to evince, that thtFremb have committed Hoftilities in /kne-- rica, which have obliged the Court of Londan, to feck Redrefs by juft Reprifals. ' Jo thefe Imputations, the Court pf France will only op- pofe the moft Ample Viewof what has pafled between the two Nations, whether in Europe or America^ fince the Treaty ok Jix-la-€hapelle. The Sovereigns have for Judges, the Age in which they live, and Pofterity : It is the Province of impartial Hiftory alone, to arraign their Condud, as it alone can defend them. To put the Recital of fuch important Fafts beyond the l^wer of Cfiofurc, nothing fliallbe advanced which is not B either ^ jija. «.-^;.v*»....^_, , \ i t^l *-i . ( 1 ) tither confcffed by both Courts, or proved by authcnt'wi «nd inconteftible Pieces. Thofe which were found in the Cabinet of General Braddocky after the Engagement which coft him his Life^ have given fucii Lights into the Plan of the Court of London^ as were not intended for public View, tillafter having try'd all poITiblc Ways, /paring the Eng- lijh Miniftry the Mortification of feeing their Syftemun- vailed. By the Treaty of Utrecht ^ France had added to Eng' land, Nova-Scotia^ or Acadia ^ according to its ancient Limits, a- alfo the Town of Port-Royal. It is probable, that at that Time, the Minidry of Great-Britain had nearly the iame Idea of JCadia, properly lb called, as had ever been encertain'd in France \ but certain it is, that at that Time they had never dreamt of extending this Province as far as the Southern Banks of the River 5/. Lawrence. . Accordingly the French fettled upon the River St. JohH^ all along the Coaft of the EtcheminSj and from that Coaft as far as the River 5/, Lawrence j even the Inhabitants of Minas, in the- Neighbourhood of the JJlhmus, and the other Countries neareft to that which had been ceded to Great-Britain, found no Change in their Conditionj or in their PoflcfTions. The Englijh neither attempted to drive them out of the Country, nor to oblige them to take the Oath of Allegiance to the .King oi England. Thefe Inhabitants continued peaceably to enjoy their Eftatts under the Proteftion of ths King, whom they had never ceafed to regard as their lawful Sovereign. From the Year 1744 until 1748, the Scene of War was opened in America, as it had aj^eady been in Europe \ but the Objedt of it there was no other than that which had already divided the Powers on the old Continent. There was then no Queftion about the Limits of the re- fpedlive States, nor about the Interpretation of the Treaty of Utrecht j the Senle of which, clear in itfelf, ieemed the more fixed by the peaceable Pofleffion of both Nations. Thus, by tht fifth Article of the Treaty of Aix-la-Cha- ftlUt it was :houghc iufiicicDC to ftipulate a Rcfiitution of "« ar -H 'K rT... wau» i >i i » < Hl i | i i M il>iliWW'>piWP>WlfiWWPI^ !WHWi.l.JJl l W.,W W i by authent'wi e found in the igemenc which ito the Plan of )r public View, iring the £»f - eir Syfteni un- addcd to Eng' to its ancient It is probable, >at- Britain had o called, as had in it is, that at ng this Province St. Lawrence. River St. JohH^ from that Coaft le Inhabitants of 'ibmus, and the d been ceded to r Conditionj of tr attempted to » oblige them to ng oi England. r to enjoy their whom they had ereign. Scene of War been in Eurept\ than that which e old Continent, limits of the re- in of the Treaty iticlf, leemed the t both Nations. ^ of Aix-la-Cba- a Rcftitutwn of ( 3 ) \, ■11 that one Nation might have gained by Conqueft upon any of its Neighbours fince the Beginning of the War. Nobody thought of going as far back as the Treaty of Utrecht •, and by the ninth Article^ it was agreed, That all Things fhould be reftored to the fame State as they were, ofought to have been in, not in 1713, but before the prefent War. It was immediately upon the Back of this Peace, that the Court of London formed the Plan of feveral new Set- tlements', in which they conlulted rather the Intereft of their awn Commerce, than the Articles of thofe Treaties which were renewed by that oiMxrla-Chapelle. The Set- tlements were proclaimed in all thtvc Gazettes, It was then propofed to carry as far as the River St. Lawrence ^ fuch Settlements as fhould have been formed on the Coafl of Acadia i and thofe projefted towards Hud/on* s-Bay^ were not to be conBned by any Limits. The Rumour of thefc Preparations, and the Impor- tance of the ProjeA wTiich they threatned, roufed the At- tention of the King. He fet forth his Claims in a Me^f piorial, which he caufed to be fent to the Court of London, in the Month of 7«»'» i749» *"^ propofed the Nomi- Sation of CommifTaries in Behalf of both Nations, who > lould fix in an amicable Way, the Boundaries of their refjiedtive Colonies. This Propofal was accepted ; and in the Memorial of the Month of ^w-^j i749> by which his Britannic Maj^fly confented to the Nomination of thefc CommifTaries •, he declared •, ift. That there was no Defign of any Projeft on th« Side of Hudfon's-Bay. id. That he had fent efFedual Orders forbidding any Attempt either towards Nova^ Scotia^ or Hudfon's-Bay^ againft the PofTeffions or Com- merce of the Subjefls of his Mofl Chriflian Majefly* gdly. That he had not given any Orders for forming Set- tlements in that Part of Nova-Scotia to which France had formed any Pretenfion^. The Settlement of Halifax^ which had engaged the ^(tQntion of^»^/4»i tv'^j.JJi.'^'^ " ■'TL^*'''"^'^* fc?-i t 4 > iure, to avouch the Sincerity of ^hts Dedarafion. The Government of France could take no Alarms from Sup- plies which feemed only deftined for this rifing City. It is built on the Coaft of Acadia^ at the Mouth of the Bay oi ChibouSiou. . ' ' - One of the prindpal Stipulations which acconipianied the Nomination of CommifTaries, was, that the Countries up;- on which they were to decide fhouid fuffcr no Alteration in thf mean Time. This Stipularion was a Confequenc^ of the Declararion cxprefs'd in the Memoraial of the Court of London. Thus the French continued to pbflefs all th^ Land which the/had conftantly inhabited ever fince. the Treaty of Utrecht^ whether between French Bay [Bay «f Funda] and the River St. Lawrence, or in the Peninful* itfeif, from Minas, as far as the Jfthmusy and from thCs. ■Jftbmus to the Bay of CbedabouSfon. As to the Banks of Belle Riviere (Ohio) and the Countries fituatcd to the ^Velt of the Apalachian Mountains,- the EngUJh had ne- ver had any Forts or Trading-Houfes there. The Court of London had not even conceived any Projcdl of an Ef* tablifhment on that Side, and there was ho Mention of that Country, neither in the Negotiations which precede^ the Treaty of Utrecht, nor in thofc which paved the Way for the Vciceoi Aix-la-Chapelle.'' ;■ f The Appointment of Commiffaries, and the mutual Engagement which had prcceedcd this Appointment, gavei room to think, that the Ceurt of London, would fend lo the Governors oftheEngli^ Colonies in AmericayOrden conformable to the Meafiires taken in Europe. • Nothing iribre nearly concerned the Tranquility df the two Na- tions, than toput an early Stop totbofe little Diflenfions, iRrhich might, in the Sequel, occafion DifFcrences of mofc ierious Import;' We Ihallpafsover lightly, thofe Broil* which happened before the Nomination r of CommilTariesj > Mr. Ma/carens, EngliJhComtnandtint, had intended t6 force the Frf»f/> Inhabitants of St. Jobn-s River, totake the Oath of Allegiance to the King ^f England. Intimidated by his Threats, they apply*d to Count Z)tf la GatiJIfonitrty ■^ *-*^ilfy^. *• ? WTfllWWK(^»' ■^■■niR«iiPWw«ni««Mnw||i|i< T n^mumfitmm aration. The rms from Sup- fing City. It >uth of the Bay ccompanicd the e Countries up^- no Alteration I Confequcncft lialpf the Court pbflefs all th^ ever fince. the cb Bay [Bay tf in the PeninfuU , and from the.. to the Banks of fituatcd to the EngUh had nc- :re. The Court 'rojcft of an Ef- ho Mention of J which precede^ 1 paved the Way ' 1 ■ ; T A ' and the mutiial jpointment, gavei If, would fend lo yfi«*r/w,Orderi Europe. Nbthing dt the two Na- fittle Diflenfions, ifFcrenccs of moft< ;htly, thofe Broil* of Commiflaries: t, had intended t6 ! River, to take the and. Intirtiidated Vt ia Califimiiri, *- "■' whfli ( 5 ) vho to remove their Fright, fent them an Officer with ^ jfmall Detatchment of Soldiers zndCanadian Militia. M. de ^Galijfoniereihcrff&rds writ to M. MafcarenSy not only to complain of the Attempt, but alfo to engage him to forbear thofe Hoftilities, which the Englifli had Continued againft tYtcAbenaquis^ notwithftanding their having laid down their Arms, by Order of theFr«i^i£» their Allies, from the very firft Intelligence of tht Treaty of /lix-ta-Cbapeile. Thefe Com- plaints laid the Foundation of a very fpirited Correfpon- dence, which lafted for fome Time between the Marquik 'de lajonquiere And M. Cornwallis, the former of whom l»ad. replaced the Count de la GaUffoniere, and the lattet 'M. Mafcarens, in 1749. It was taken for granted in Europe, that an End had been put to thefe Altercations, hy the Orders which the Court of London declared, in the ftrongeft Terms, had been fent to the Governors of the ^£w^//^ Colonies, in Confequence of the Appointment of CommilTaries. But the Troubles were renewed as (bon as Governor Cornwallts thought himfelf in a Capacity to aft without refcrve. There were lent him from England fome Troops, new Coloniils, Arms and Ammunition ; vthereupon he immediately attempted to drive the French out of that Country, againft which his Britannic Majefty had given Affurance nothing Ihould be enterpfifed Until the Com*- fniffaries had come to a Determination. • The firfl: Outrages were committed againft the King's Subjedts fettled along the North Side of the Peninfula. The Defign of the Englijh Governor was to force them to withdraw, in order to make room for his new Colo-^ nifts. The moft of the French FamiHes accbrdingly were obliged to abandon their Poflefltons in the Peninfula, and •flee to feek refuge in other Parts of New- France. Encouraged by this Succcfs, Mr. Cornwallis had a Mind to treat in the fame Manner the French that Were fettled without the Peninfula, on the Rivers that empty' themfeives either into the % French-Bay^ or in^o the Gujf '■'St. Lawrence. Thofe being continually cxpofcd to the 5 TheBay of Funij. ' ^ "^ flioft •'' i "t '■h. '^^*^iv^*^'^ii&^^.iiH:ii^. ■ ;3HP» Wi |l>. ' P I ^-WWtf' • -■ ( 6 ) ♦loft cruel -Treatment, having already fuffered Wrong* and Outrages innumerable, tl^ought they had a right to demand of the A/<»rj«/i «/*/« Jtf»j«/>rff that ProtciStion which his Majefty owes to all his Subjects. The Marquis dt la Jonquiere fent them a fmall Detachment of Soldiers and Militia, under the Command of an Officer, to whom he ^ave particular Orders, not to attempt any Thing againft tht Englijh ; but only to prevent their making any Settlpmeat on the Lands in the Poflefllon of France-, and, above all, nop. to ereA any Sort of Fortification himfelf. Nay further, the Marquis de la Jonquiere tbok care to acquaint Mr. Cornwallis of the Step he had taken, his Reafons for fo doing, and the Orders he had given to that Detachment. Mr. Cornwallis complained of that as an Encroach^ ment \ but as the Orders of the Governors of Newr Frqnce were ftridtjy ohferyed, the Difpute went no further. • A little after this, two Things happened which occa- fioned mutual Complaints, and in which th6 two Courts warnily interefted themfelves. Mr. Cornwallis conjplajned of the Cruelty with which the Abenaquis Savages treated the Engli/b that fell into their Hands. Thefe Outrages he imputed to the Sug- geftions .of the French i and the Orders of the Marquis de la Jonquiere. The AiiitiH^Sin"' ■^^•wfiff^fwmflH^ Fcrcd Wrong! lad a right to hat Protection The Marquis ent of Soldiers cer, to whom pt any. Thing eir making any France; and, cation himfelf. tbok care to ad taken, his given to that an Encroach- lors of Newr ute went no d which occa- le two Courts ty with which that fell into 1 to the Sug- F the Marquis d himfelf frona only gratified ity of Jix la ^rgncb Gover- h would never ral Peace, but d at this, the ind fb far wa& igthem, that rhff Court of IS of the Matr T was moved ' II . 11 1 mw imii t The other Affair was more importaht in itfclf, ancf more dangerous in its Confequences. Some Months ago the Englijh intercepted all the French VefTels which were carrying Provifions from ^sbec, either for the Support of the Troops polled on the Frontiers of Canada^ or for ciiftomary Frefents, which the French every Year make the Indians in their Alliance. They feized oppofite to the IQand St. John^ a Veflel from ^ebec, called the London^ which having carried Ammunition to Cbedaic f, was returning empty. Some^Time after they attacked' and took in the Mouth of the French Bay, a Sloop of War, called the Saint Franfois^ commanded by a King's Officer, and having under its Convoy a Schooner laden with Provifions and Ammunition for the Detachments on the River St. John. Thcfe Captures, and the Plunder- ing of feme other VefTels, were theSubjeft of Complaint* addreffed to the Court of London. And as no Satisfadtion was made to France^ the Marquis de lajonquiere thought he had a right to make reprifals, and accordingly ordered three or four Engli/b Veffels to be feized and confifcated. Thefe Hoftilitics on the Sea, in which you will picafe to obferve, the Englijh were always the AggrefTors- vere accompanied with fcveral Enterprifes againft thofe Countries, iA which according to Agreement, no Inno- vations were to have been made. In the Month of jfpril^ 1750, General Cornwallis fent Major Lawrence on an Expedition againft the French Forts on the Continent which were commanded by the Chevalier de Lacorne. The Defign of that Armament was inferted in the Bofion Gazette in New-England^ and was looked on as an Hof- tihty on the Part of the Governor. The fame Year, in the Month of Augufi, there were Letters printed in Lon- don to this Efl=cdt : General Cornwallis hath not confined himfelf to his Orders j but having built a Fort at Minas^ hath endeavoured to penetrate into the Continent, and to frcure Succefs to his Defigns, hath ordered a confiderablfe Fortification to be raifed at a Place called Cbignitou, or hau-bajjfm^ fituaicd on the Ifthmus, and at the Head of » . - t SeeN". 3. . _ tht "■■# %mi '**»*^^4«i wifm ". >»f' HH '' mfmmmmi'** ' \ '^ ■ the Frm* Bay. Thcfc Places were ccrtaml^^ in _thQ Number of thofe the Property of >iihich was the Subjca; ""^ Th^Fr^n'^fi' Officers, in order to prbtcft the Countries they were in Poffeflion of, againft an Invanon fo openly avowed, were obliged to erc6t in their Turn two littlj Forts, one oppofire to Beau-haffin, at a l^lace called Beaufejour ; tiie other at GaJ^pareaux, on the Bay ot yerte tQ fcrve as a Magazine tor the Erft, and to lecutc ProviVions for it by the Gulf of f-Law^'l''' ^. , , ^ ^ What paffed at the building of jB** « 4#», Ihewcd the, Neceffity of thcfc two Fort$, which were defigned for a Security to the Continent. For General ar»«;<»///i had inarched fome Troops with fome Piefces of Cannon againft the Inhabitants of the Ifthmus, who being terriaed, fct Fire to their Habitations, and betook themfclves to h light. "What is very fingular •, the Englifi Geperal. who had reduced the French and their Indian Allies to that cruel Extremity, had the Aflurance to complain of an HoltHity on their Parti an Hoftility indeed of a new Kuid, and which, as it appears, confifted only in abandoning their own Country upon being invaded • by powerful Strangers. Thefe Complaints therefore of Mr. Cornwalhs only pro- duced a clearing up of the Matter, which ooght to con- vince the King of England of the regular Proceedings of the Court of France^ and the earned Dcfire it had to pre- / The Confequence of that Explication was « formal Declaration, in which his Britannic U^^^ alTurcs the King, that he had fent new Orders to attetnpt nothing. The King, on his Part, repeated the Order$ he had already fent to the Marquis de la Jonqutere. Whether the Court of London aftually took any Meafures to prevent General Cormvallis from going any farther, or whether the Vigilance with which the Marjwi de la Jonqutere provided againft a Surprize, put a btpp to the Proceedings of the Englip, they made no mord Attempts on that Side, but kept thcrafelvc* wuhinthejr ^^iit.v^H' "-ii.w ■ I'lii&if'^"-'"''^''^ irninnv crtainly in th^ was the Subjed; ft the Countries rafion fo openly Turn two litclc a ^lice called on the Bay of ft, and to iecucc rence. afitt, fhewcdthc re defigned for a 1 Cornwallis had f Cannon againft ring terrified, fct nlelves to Flight, eperal, who had lies to that cruel jn of an HoftiHty a new Kind, and abandoning their jwertul Strangers. iwalUs only pro- ich ooght to con- ar Proceedings of ifire it had to pre> 911 was a formal I^fty affuresthc I attempt nothing, c Orders he had iere. ftually took any s from going any which the Marquis •prize, put a Stpp ley made no mprd jfelvc* within their Fort* t I i t I Forti quiet Year give ; fuffer tolor tc-ef^ fertioi Succc who i which Bill Side c plied W^s n there than I Called and I ccrhcc were i River Gentli theK comp theO frequ( ever The/ thcB< Th leflcBi enviec fomc River up thi fmrnm IWMMMIi RMPH mm ( 9 ) - , Fortiat M»«and Beau-baffm : And the B'emB remained quiet in thofe of Btau-fejour and Gafpareaux. ' From-thft Year 1751, to the Expedition in 1755, of which wefhall give dn Account in the Sequel, that Part of New-Prance ftiffered nothing from the Neighbourhood of the Engli/b Colonies A good Underftanding fcemed again to be i"e-eftabIilTied, fo that to put an End to the frequent Pe- fcrtions on that Frontier, the Marquis du ^efney thi Succeflbr of the Marquis de la Jonqtti&e, and Mr. IM/om, who fuccecded General CornwaWs^ agreed to a Cartel, which was ftriftly oblerved from 1752, till laft Year. But if Tranquility feemed to be re-eftablilhed on the Side cf Atadia^ Enterprizes and ^loftlKies were nuilri-'. plied bn anotlier Side, in which the Prefehration oi Canada Was not lefs concerned. To fix the Origin and Date of thefe Troubles, it is neceflary to gb back a little farther than the. Treaty of y*W<»Ci&/7/^//^. ^ J J<^ 0*'»» or L» belle Riviere, H it is fometimer^x called, forms a natural Communicaupm between Canada and Loiijlana, by the Lake Erie, ttfc m^frA being con- cerned both to difcover and jireferve that Communication, were the Firft that tractd out the whble Courfe of that Ktver, part of which Was vifited by M. de Id Salle^ i Gentlenran of Normandy, in the Year 1679. '" i7»2t the King in his Letters Patent for the Settling of L74»^, comprehended the River Wabafi, which empties itfelf into the Ohio, and ito general all the Rivers that faH into the Miffijippi. Since that Time, the Ohio has never been frequented by any but the /t^»<:A ; nor did the figf //^ ever make any Pretenfions to the Igrtds waterc^% i^. The jlpalaehianMoxittt^xm Kivealw^bcen looked on as rile Bounds of their CoiOTiieJ. The EngHfl>M\tm^y wlio negTefted no Meahs of leflcfiing th6 Trade bffranci^ hM tor feme Time paft envied it that advamaseous Cd'rnii^Uhieation. Ifl 1749 fome Englifi, Traders t*^an'a contraband trade on that . Rjvcr ; and it was difcoVered that they privatery ftirred up the Indians to a War with the FreM, Whereuptfh S. the m — >i iw ^ j»»p WWi»iywq>BW W,.i i ij> m www^mwmw^w ^^1 ( 10 )- the Count di la Calif oniere fcnt thither M. CeUrin^ tn Officer from Canada^ wiih Onlcrs, not to ufe any Violence againft thofe (Irange Fradcrsi but only to enioin them to withdraw, and, in Cafe of their obftinate Continuance, to fcize 'heir Goods. That Enjoinnirnt had alitheEffeds ' that could be tcfircd : The Engtip Traders were obliged to remove, and were ftri^ly charged never to return thither. M . Celeron alfo, upon fome of the Traders pro- ducing their Commiflions from the Governor of Pennfil- vania, give them a Letter for him •, and in it he acquainted the Governor of what had palTed, and prayed him not only not to grant any Tuch Commiflions for the l<^uturc, but alfo to put |i Stop to that contraband Tf ade which was carried on by the Bfigli/h of his Government, on this Lands of the King. M. Celeron was no fooner gone from le 6elU Riviere i than the Engli/b Traders returned m Crouds. They had Orders from the Government to excj^e the Indians to take up Arms againft Prance^ nay, they even brought thefA J^rms and Ammut^tion. In 1750 the Marquis de la Jonquiere was obliged again to lend different Detachments, always with the feme Orders, not to ufe any Violence againft the Englijh, and to keep in Awe the Indiani that had' revolted. Accordingly they were ufed with all Gen- klends : However to prevenr the Progrcfs of that contra- band Trade, it was thought necefTary to feizefour Englijh Traders, who in Spite of the Prohibition' continued the Trade, and who heretofore had been very much fufpeded of having endeavoured to make the Indians revolt. They wenicondu£bed to Canada : The Marquis de la Jonqftiert himtelf qucftione^ftihem, and their Anfwcrs f convinced fiim of the Certainty of the Advice «he had received. It wai^pfovcd that the Governor of Pinnjihania had actually lent Arms and Ammunition and other Prefents to the . Indians to excite them lb a War. thereupon the Marquis de la Jonquiere without Hefitation fcnt thefe four Englijb Men to France ^ and they were kept fofhe time Prifoneri tit Ruki/le. My Lord AlbemarU, who was then Englijlt t*e«N». || KmbaUkdor, intenc T^ thenif much thofe J of Su I did no Detacl in a vc abfoJut Govcn thrcatn march keep c March The fome\j AlarniJ figns of having M. de i do, wa( BlockKt Therl Vhen h< Aimmor that he GeneralJ mons f] aliPolit] iffcter. t The! fi'mttime [ %;- -':y,-mt'ti-^'^^^-'--'tMt*i^^'*'^^''''^^-'^ ;Vf. CeUrSn, «n lie any Violence enjoin them w [Tonunuancc, to I alithcEffcas ers were obliged lever to return the Traders pro- crnor of Pennfil- I it l.e acquainted prayed him not for the tuiure, ind Trade which rernment, onihie I le Me Riviere, ouds. They had le Indians to take ^en brought thetti ,e Marquis de la rent Detachments, , ufe any Violence re the Indiani that ufcd with allGen- rcfsof thatcontra- afeizcfourfw^/^^ iqn' continued the ry much fufpcfted Hans revolt. They quisdelajonquiere ifwers t convinced : had received. I; /vanitf hadaaually cr Pfefents to the reUpontheAfarjai; t thcfe four EngUjb otnc time Prifoneri ho was then Ef!gliJ» Kmba0»dor, H II ) PmbalTador, and to whom thry applied for Protedllon,' folicitcd their Liberty, without compVuning of tlic Kcdkm for which they were deprived of it., The King ordered them to be diicharged, and fomc Monry alfo to be given them : For which my Lord Alhemarle thanked the Super- intendent of the Marine, as for a pt rfonai Favour. The Moderation with which thf French had conduced thenifelves, fervcd to embolden the Indians on Ohio info- much that there was room to fear a general Confpiracy of thofe People, to w^om th* Englijh had promifed all kinds of Succour. Neverthelelj the Marquis de la Jonquiere did no more in 1751 than he had done in 1750, but the Detachments that were fent difcbvercd that I'hings were in a very great Ferment, the ill Eflrefts of which it was abfoluteiy neccflary to prevent with all Expedition. The Governor of (Hannda convinced that the Colony was threatncd with an Invafion of Indians^ was preparing to march a more confiderable Body of Troops in order to keep them in Awe, when he died in the Month of March 1752. The Marquis du ^efne his SuccefTor arrived at ^uebtc fomc Months after. Finding the Colony in the greateft Alarm, he made all haft to carry into Execution the De- figns of the Marquis de la Jonquiere ; but leveral i hings having retarded the March of the Detachments, all that M. de Saint Pierre^ who had the Command of it, could do, was to ereft at a fmall Diftance from Lake £r/V, a BlockHoufe, in which he paffed the Winter j from 1753 There he. remained quiet tillthe Mon«h of Odober 1 753, vhcn hp received a Letter from the Governor or Virginia, fommoning him, to withdraw. To this he only anfwcr'd, that he was on French Ground, and by the Order of his General, to wJ|om he was going to difpatch that Sum- mons f . As to the reft of his Conduft, he treated with «U Politenefs the £irr///& Officer who brought him the tlfcter. '^ . The t The Governor's T.etter, and A/, dt Saint PJtrre's Anfwer, vfetc (bmttime ago inferted in the public Newi Papers in Ltnu'ti. i5' A 4 '^~" 'illMT ( I^ ) The Marqms du ^efnf at the (anoe Time tliat he wai in6)rined of this Stcj) qt the Governor of Virginia ^ received Advice from all Farts of the Frcparaiions the EngliJk Colonies were making to attack the French^ under i'tt^ tcnce of fiiccouring 'the Indians. Thefc Ffcpatation^ Were approved of by the Court of London^ in as much a^ they were publidied in all the Englijb Gazettes fince that Time, even to the Harangues by wliich the Governors ol* New England and Virginia laboured to engage the inJiaM* (o a War with the Irtfub. The Englijfjh.id already paflTcdthc Apala^bian Mountaint, with an Army anil feme Pieces of Cannon, when M. d^ Contietdur^ who had taken the Command of that De- tachment, which formerly belonged tu Af. de St. Pitrrt^ advanced in the Spring of the Year 1754. with five of (ix Hundred Men, towards the Ohio. He found the kn^tifij adlually entrenched in a little Fort which they had built between the Obia md Riviere U Beuf^ {French preck]. They did not exceed Fifty in Number, and were commanded by Capt. 7*r^»/. They were || fummoned to ^purt unmediately out of the Liands belonging to i-'r Summons, in Form of a Letter, directed fe) the firft Engr hfb Officer he fljould meet : f It was date^ the 2,:jd of May^ 1754, and was almoft of the fame Tenor wi£h||if Summons before Tent to Captain Trent. t See N» 7. He aflurcd the E^'glUk mmtirH«ti>- iTilrtWli itfmm T- ^1^ \c that he wai linia, reccivcil i the lingliA b, uniler I'rt- Pjrcpat-^tion^ in as much ai^ ettes fincc that c Governor* ok* ;ag;e the InJioMS bian Meuntaim , when M. M d of that De- . de St. PUrre^ with five or He found the Which they had Bcuff [trench jrobcr, and were : 11 fummoned tp ingingtoir^wf*. ,cir Fortv they em foppeProvi- ordcrcd them a rt. , hie, he found ot< EngliJb iutendcd ■bandoncci at the ind fortified himi :Qchraenls of that du ^efne, M, a confiderahlf d& him. Hc«"«' with a wtiuei> datc^. the 23d of Tenor wiihl^f lie affurcd the Evgliik ( II ) EngUft> that no Violence would be offered them, and fur- thermore, defircd the Englijb Commander to return hia Anfwer by M . de JumtnvUUy aail to treat that Officer with thac Diflindion and Kcf|>ed which he dcl'rrved. That Deputy fct out with an EtLurt ot 1 hirty Men^ and the next Morning found hui 1 If furruundrd by 9 Numhec pf EngHJh and Indians : 1 he Engli/b quickly fired two Vollies, vyiiich killed (omc Solilicrs. M. dejm tnonvtlU made a Sign that he had a i < rtcrfrom his Ct^nr* mandcr \ hereupon the Fire ccafcd, and ibcy furroundetl the Frentb Officer, in order to hear i|. lie immediately ordered the Summons to be read, and, ai itwaa reading the fecond Time, the Englijb airalfinated him. Thq reft of the French that efcorted him wrre, u{)on the Spot,, mat^ Prifoners of War. The only one who efcai^ed, and whp gave M. de Conliecccur a circumftantial Account of th<^^ Affair, allured him, that the Indians who were with the Englijh^ had not fired a Gun \ and that at the Inftant M. d» jfumonvilk was airaflfinated, they thcew themfeLv«a io between the French and their Enemies. - That Murder produced an F ffcdt in the Minds qL thf Indians^ which Major A^<}/(2)4»i;^0X, who w#a i|t,thc Peacl of thajt £;^/fy^ betachmeot, dul pot ip thf leaft expedt, F.ven thofe, who, by the Suggefttons of! the Engltflf^ had been moft animated againlt the French, catn^ and oftcc*4 to go themfelves. and revenge that Cdgo^. The Marquis du ^j^^yisif would no£ accept the OfiTer of a Nation always cruel in their Vengeance. H9 iroaginf^ at firfl;, that the EngUJh vinyjiiiX difairaw the Facl, ai^ thro>y it upon the Fiercenefs of fome Traders v but ithaf been fince proved that nothing w^s done but by the Ott dcrsof the Governors of the EngUlk Col9nics. fW« h»we the original Journal \ of Mi^pr fVa^^gtoUf, ^Om which it is apparent that whathe diid«, waa by Virtue of exprefs Orders which he had received. It was a Thing before agreed upon* to attack the French wherever they cuuld be p^i with. $ See N» 8. ^ V^ 1 *• I ■'^^iwaff>i^'iiiite^^iih-'ti'^ii ( 14 ) As the EngliJIj made no Satisfaflion to M. Contiecaurl he, upon receiving lnftru(flions from the Marquis du ^efne, enilf-avoured to difcover the i'hce where the Nuirderers had retired to. He was informed that Major Wijjhin^ton^ with his Detachment, was in a litrlc Fort which the Eit^Ufh had built, and called Fort Necejftty^ where he waited the Arrival of fome new Troops that were deftinec to come and attack Fort du ^,efnc. He thereupon fent out a Detachmenr tb recover, if poflible, the French Priforiers, or at lead' to oblige the Etiglf/b to withdraw froni ihe Lands belonging to the French. M. de Villiers, the Brother of M. dejunionville^ was charged with that Cpmriiiflion, and tiie Inftruftions given him were entirely confined to that. He was alfo cxprefsly com- manded, not to ufe any Violence, if the EngUjh would withdraw. He left Fort'i?« "^uefne the 28th of 7«;/(?, and having paffed the Place wherd the Murder was committed, and where the Bodies of the French (lill lay ; he arrived the third of 7«/)'., ih Sight of Von Neceftty. The Englijb, •whaH»!'erc without the Fort, -fired a Volley, and retired int^t. The Fort was immediately invefted, and attack- ed: The JFire was very hot, but M. Villiers put a Stop to it about eight o'Clock at Night, in order to propofe to the*£»|'/(^a''Surrender,toavoidanAffault, which would have cxpofed them to all the Cruelties of the Indians ^ even in Spight of the French, The Propofal was accepted, ind the Capitulation drawn ujh The French would not make them Prifoners, becaufe they did not look on them - fclves as'at War. They only demanded, that rhofe who rfcorted M. Jumpnville {hould be returned. Mi]or IVafir ingtori engaged to fend them to Fort du ^efne^ and gave Hoftages for, the Performance of his Promife. In fine, the Ew^/Z/^ were fufiered to depart with one Piece of Can- non, and all their Effe6ls. § They themfelves acknov/- Jedged, in the firft Article of that Capitulation, that the Defign of the French was only to revenge the Jffaffination ef-a French Officer ^ the Carrier of a Summons. The Ca- §s.-eN». 9. pitulatioa r ''"•^■^' Wf I m miviinilr-— ^- < m < imi»! i J iiiwii iii i n i in to M. Cofttiecaurl the Marquis du IMace where the ormed that Major 'as in a lifle Fort id Fort Necejftty^ new Troops that :t du ^.efne. He cover, if poflible, lige the Englijb to the French. M. ville^ was charged ndions given him alfo cxprefslycom- the Englijh would ■ June^ and having IS committed, and ay ; he arrived the f/y. The Englijh, olley, and retired ireftcd, andattack- 'illiers put a Stop order to propofe to Fault, which would f the Indians, even ofal was accepted, ; French would not not look on them - ?d, that thofe who rned. Major ^<»/!?r a ^efne, and gave Promife. In fine, h one 'Piece of Can- chemfelvesacknoW- pitulation, that the 5ge the Jffaffinatlon Ummons. The Ca- pitulatioa I-**™^!*!*!! T "'i'lW!?^' ( '5 ) |itulation being figned, and the Fort evacuated, fho trench deftroyed it, and returned to Fort du ^uefne, with the two Hoftages. ^ * ^ But that Agreement, to which feven or dght Hundred tnghlhmen owed their Lives, was by no-Means executed on their Part The Prifoners were never fent buck to Jort du ^ue/ne : Out of twenty that ,vere taken, ftvcn have been lent to £»^/W, where they arrived feparately. atter having fuffer'd the moft unworthy Treatment Up- on their Arrival, they inapbred the Afliftanceof the Duke deMtrepoix, who fent them over to France mhc Ex pence of the King i what is become of the reft, we are altogether Ignorant. ' Pej haps the Motive which induced the Enplifh to de- ^in the Pnfoners was a Piece of Cunning on their Part. The ^rw^. would have made no Hefitation in ipndinff back the Hoftages immediately ; but thefe had theiRiOr- ders, and their Stay at Fort du ^efne was too advanta- 8'°J?^ for ti^tEngm to think of having them iciroved. • .u L ^^?^S« "anied,'- the one yacoi yimlrane, and "^ tht oihtr Robert Stobo, were two very crafty Spies, and 'V. found Means to carry on a Correfpondence with the £«?- Ia\ i^fo'rl. h^"%T' L°""^"'"°"S the Papers which fell into the Hands'ofthei^rm^ after the Battle of the 9th ^JJuhyiySSy the Letters which Robert Stobo, one Of the Hoftages, had written to Major fVqAimton + lx:!i^fv' ^8^«7«^^» J° ^hich is'anne Jr al, ex^A Plan of Fort du ^uefne, which he had himfelf drawn, de- ferves, above all. a careful Perufal. In it that Spy aives a very juft Account of iheSituat on the French were then in, their Number, and their Forces : He fticws both the Time when the F.nglifi might attack the Fort, and the fureft Way to make themfelves Matters of it • But what IS particularly to be remarked in that Letter, i^ that not- withftanding that Englilhman feemed to be animated with Fury againft the French, yet he is obliged to do Juftice tp their peaceable DifpoHtions. "' • ■--■-^ '^ ■■-■- . , , ■',:. .V-, The • ■■•f *'•..- J.. JSt.^ mm MRffP'iP' ( iS ) The Enzm were «|u\te of a diflfcrent Temper : Major Waft>ington did not dare to attempt any Thing, btcaufc he had not Forces enough ; but from that lime ^a I the Emlilb Colonies were in Motion to execute the Plan ot ierneral Inyafion, formed and fent trom LoKdon at.a r^e len'l^ Commiffaries of the Enghjb Nation at Paris feemed to -hare nothing more at Heart, than to foncu'rwiththofeoftheKinginfcttlin^iPlanof Agreement: The Faas which I am now giiing to relate, delerve a Very ferious Attention. It is v»1lh regret they are pub- hfhcd: but the Intcreft of Truth requires rt-, bcfides, itlS hcceffary that Eurcfe. ^»^'^ 'f ^'^'-'^^^T ^ J'^f ,Tu/ "War, ftiould at lengrh know the true Authors 6T a Rup- ture the Confequenccs of which cannot but be fatal. fent thp feveral Governors of th Colonies Orde« refi*Rine the Manner in which they ought %)condott thcmfelv?!. *i-«i>»-'««'' empcr : Major ling, bccaufc he t Time all the ute the Plan of ■n LorJon, at. a iglijb Nation at Heart, thantd m of Agreement: ■elate, deferve a tt they arc pub- it-, befideSj itiS ;d with a bloody jthors6taRup- but be fatal, of Great- Britain Colonies Orders )Ught%) condoft As we have not Contents, by the nftruaion»*of his apers of General the Governors to into Execution a tnic Majefty gav« hich, he fent the inds Sterling; with and Pounds moi^e. 754, and on thft ieKingof£»^/<»»'* :olonies other Let* y Operations, fincc )f isjfvettSer 1754, lofe Letters and to Confequence of the 'or it was impoffible reached London. Here •!SSf!g ■lilll ( 17 ). Here then is a Plan formed, and Operations com- menced. But what thofe Operations were, it is of Im- porcance to examine. In the Month of September, 1 7^4, Colonel Braddock was nominated by his 5r//<»««/VMajefty, General of all th: Forces that were, or that fhould be fent to Nertb- Jmerica. Immediately the Troops prepared to embark in Ireland, which alarmed France. We fhall fee prcfcntly whether there was any Foundation for Miftruft. Commodore Keppel was appointed to command the Fleet, which was to favour the Attempts they had deter- mined to make by Land ; and when the Veffels were juft ready to fet Sail, the King caufed co be drawn up and figned at St. Jameses, on the 25th of November , an In- ftrudion, containing Thirty Articles. As it referred to the Orders which had been before given to the Governors of the Colonies, it does not con- tain a circumftantial Account of the Operations intrufted . to the General. There we fee that he was commanded to execute a Plan, for doing which, he was to aft in Concert both with Mr. Keppei, and the Governors of the Colonies; that, that Plan contained a Train of mili- tary Expeditions, of which he was to render an Account to the Minifter who was charged with fending him fuller Orders from Time to Time. The Duke of Cumberland, to whom, as it appears, his Britannic Majefty committed the Arrangement of the general Plan, caufed to be drawn up mere particular In- . Itruftions for General Braddock^ They were contained in a long Letter which was written to him by Colonel Napier, in the Name of his Royal Highnefs, and which was dated the fame tfth Day of November 1 754. That Letter •, which deferves a particular Attentbn, contains the Order and Succeffion of^ thofe Operations, which had been con- certed long before at the Court of London. I fay long before ; For indeed Colonel Napier begins with informing General Braddock, who was then in Ireland, that the In- ftruftions hp was going to give him in writing, were only •SeeN". iz. ]jL * the pV^v* i \' M^.:^ hi' m ( i8 ) the refulc of thofe which his Royal Hijghnefs had hitnfelf given the General in the feveral Converfations he had with him. I fhall not here enter upon a Detail of all that is con- tainM in that Letter of Inftrudions. It does more Honour to the Abilities of the General of an Army, than to the Intentions of the Prince in whofe Name it was written. From that authentic Piece, it is apparent, that for certain in the Month of November^ 1754* and very likely many Months before, it was refolvcd on in England to attack Canada on all Sides, and that the Method of doing it^ was fettled and made known to the feveral Commanders whofe united Endeavours were all to be diredted to the fame Objedt. We fee that General Braddock was to make himfelf Matter of Fort dti ^ejne, thence proceed to Ni- iigaray and to reduce that Place -, that Fort Frederick v/ns to be attacked, and carried by the Provincial Troops i and, finally, that Colonel Lawrence was charged with re- ducing Fort Beaufe/iur, in the IJlhmuSy and that all thefe Expeditions were to be fcconded by the Motion of the Fleet. The conquered Countries were afterwards to be protefted by fome Forts which they intended to build, and the Troops, after a Campaign^ the Operations of which were fo well fettled, were to be quartered in Pla- ces where they could alTifteach other to execute, no doubt, the Sequel of the general Plan, and tbofe fuller Orderi which were promifed the General. ^ While the Minifters of Great-Britain ^ endeavoured td \ amufc the Court of France^ and in the N<^otiation that was then carrying on, feemed to fhew the moft earneft Defire to prefcrve Peace •, General Braddock^ in Concert with Commodore Keppely Colonel Shirley^ and the Go- vernors of ihe EngHJh Colooies, laboured vigoroufly in yftnericOf to haften the Preparations for War. What I am going to mention of thefe Preparations, is taken from the General's own Letters : They form a very fingular Contrail: with the Memorials which were fome Time ago delivered to the Frtncb Awb^Sadox ^xLondon, ai^ which ■ I (hall ;hnefs had hitnfelf itions he had with of all that is con- oes more Honour rmy, than to the ne it was written, t, that for certain very likely many England to attack thod of doing it, eral Commanders be directed to the ddock was to make ce proceed to iW- 'ort Frederick v/ns ■ovincial Troops i i charged with re- and that all thefe le Motion of the afterwards to be intended to build, he Operations of quartered in Pla- ;xecute, no doubt, fbofe fuller Orders r, endeavoured td Negotiation that the moft earneft ddocky in Concert -ley, and the Go- ired vigoroufly in jrWar. What I ons, is taken from m a very fingular re fome Time ago London, and which. I (hall j j ^^ ^ 'j . ( 19 ) - I (hkll not take Notice of, till 1 have firft given a full Ac- count of what pafled in Americay after the Arrival of General Braddock. He landed at fVilUamJhurg, the Capital o^Virginia, in the Month of F(f^r«<7ry, '755« * AH the Governors of the feveral Englijh Provinces, had already received their Orders, which principally concerned the raiting of Troops and Money. A common Fund was to beellabliflied, for defraying the Expences of fo important a Campaign : As to the reft, they were ordered to execute whatever was prefcribcd to them by the General, whofe Abilities for War, deferved to have been employed in a better Caufe. He found at WiUiamJburg, Sir Jvhn St. Clair, who gave him an Account of the Difpofition of the Colonies, and Situation of the Troops. The Independant Compa- nies of New-lork, were in a very bad Condition ; and among the Provinces, Pennfylvania and Maryland, were far from furnifhing their Quota. They had no Occafion to complain of their Neighbours the French, and they were not willing to interrupt an Harmony that was advan- tageous to their Trade and Commerce. The Orders of the Court of London^ and the Letters which the General wrote upon his Arrival, had a greater Effect upon the other Colonies. In order to haften die raiHng of Money, the General engaged to make himfelf accountable for the Manner in which it Ihould be expended. M. Dinwiddie, Governor of Virgima, had found Means to raife io,ooo Pounds ^rling: His Example kindled an Emulation in the other Governors ; accordingly, the Afiemblics of the Colonies were called to meet in the Month of May next enluing. General Braddock appointed Alexandria for the Ren- dezvous of the Virginia and Maryland Troops ; and, in- ftead of quartering thofc he had brought from Europe, as he at firft intended •, he ordered the Tranfport Veffels to fail up the River Potomack, and to land them at Alexan- dria, in order to form a Camp there, -f- In the mean Time, he took care to eftabhfti Poft«, that he might SceN" 13. t SeeN^ i^. maintain flMW •mumimm^ maintain a Aire Correfpondence between flie Army and the Cities of Pbiladelpbiay AnnapaliSy and H^illiamjburg. Bqe as it was in^poflible to 6nd Forage beyond the Morntains, before the latter End of yfpnV, he refolved not to begin his Expedition till that Time. In the Interim .no Time was loft t The General had begun with (hutting up the Forts, in orders fays he, that m Provifiom may be carried to the Enemy. To this was added another Advantage, of keeping all Things fcciet, while they raifcd Recruits, tranfported the Artillery, and formed Magazines of all neceflary Provifions and Muni- tions. General Braddock and Commodore Keppel con- tinually communicated to each other their Views and Pro- jeds : The latter furnilhed fome Cannon, of which the liand-Army had not a fufficient Number. Thefc two principal Men were divided in one Tingle Point, which was, how they fliould treat the Frencby whom they were quite fure of taking. The King of England had ordered them to be put on board the Fleet and fent to France. M. Keppely who had not been apprized, but by General ^raddockt oi that Refolution, found it a very nice Aifair for him. Hitherto he had followed fimply the Directions of the Court, yet he was well aflured of the Defire of the I^atton. He wanted however, to have it in his Power to juftify himfcif, in cafe the Nation fhould one Day difap- prove of thefe Violences, fo contrary to the Law of Na- tions, and, therefore, he demanded of the General to fenc^ him pofitive Orders. ^ As the Number of the Forces could not b^oo great with which they intended to fall upon Canada^ on the one Hand, the Governors had Orders to receive all French Deferters, to treat them well, and to furnifli them with every Thing that they wanted .• On the other Hand, Pains wer£ taken to acquaint the Indians on Ohio^ that the Englijb had no other Defign, but to defend them againft the Encroachments of the French : And the Governors of the Provinces did not fail to prefs them to repair to ff^ills- Cireeky on the Frontiers of Virginia. Hctwever, we can fay II H il l I I W l he Army And the llliamjburg. Bqe 1 the Moi:ntains» vcd not to begin rhe General had f(rr, fays he, that my. To this was I Things fcciet, le Artillery, and fions and Muni- iore Keppel con- r Views and Pro- n, of which the iber. Thefc two le Point, which fvhom they were land had ordered fent to France. but by General very nice Affair ly the Directions the Dcfire of the t in his Power to^ 1 one Day difap- the Law of Na- : General to ienc^ lot b^oo great nadoy on the one iceivc all French jmifh them with :he other Hand, on OhiOf that rhe ;nd them againft he Governors of » repair to fVills- pwcver, we can fay • * ( 21 ) • fty, in general, the EngUflj had very little Amftancefrom thofc Peoole. The Iroquois^ [the Five Nations] did not in the Icaft aflift them. By M, Braddcck's Letters, we fee, that, of the Five Nations, none but the ylniez [Mo' hawks] feemed to fliew any Attachment to them. What Means fliould be uled in order to engage the //i- dians to take up Arms againft the French^ and to ravage their Colonies, was one of thofe Things which were de- bated in a grand Council held at Alexandria, about the Middle of Jpril. On the i jth. Colonel Shirley^ Gover- nor of New- England, arrived in that Town : He was ac- companied with all the other Governors, and with Colo- nel John/on, who, of all the Engli^ Officers, was the beft acquainted with the Genius oi the Indians, and the Man- ner of treating with them. M. Shirley, if we believe Co- lonel Napier' & Inftruftions, was fitter tor Council than for Command. However, he had with an armed Force, builc a Fort in the French Country, up the River Nourentfouac [Kennebec] about 30 Leagues from Sluebec -, that Expe- dition, no doubt, gained liim the Friendlhip of the Ge- neral, who had always a particular Regard for him, and who, as we fhall fee, trufted him with one of the mod important Commands. He had already had an Interview with him at Annapolis, in Maryland, and very likely they had fettled between themfelves Part ot thofc Things which were the Subjeft of Delibera:ion in the general Council at Alexandria. A Copy of the Refolutions there taken, was fcnt to M. Robinfon, Secretay of State, in a Letter which the General wrote to him the 19th of April. That Let- ter informs us, that the Plan of Operations for the Cam- paign was there finiflied. They Icemed fo well conneft- ed together; that M. Braddock is not afraid to fay, that the Succefsof one, ajfured him of the happy Iffue of all the Rejl, -j- — — And there might be Realon for his writing fb } for the ill Succcfs of one, has made all the reft to mifcarry. Here then are the different Parts of the Plan, SIS they were fettled at that Congrcfs, 'A t Bet bU Letter of the ye^th 0/* April, la N?. 1 3 . ■trtMlh-^-t'-' w w! \:... K^'' m h I ( 2« ) ifi. It was agreed, that in Furluancc of the Plan con- certed between M, Shirley and M. Lawrence^ Governor of ylcadia^ and fornxrly fent to the Court of London^ Co- lonel Momkton fliould, without Delay, attack the French Forts on the Side of Acadia. His Orders for that Ex- pedition were immediately difpatched to him. 2««4IKlMN«*NP>i'«a>i«««l«»WM«»M«ai*MapMMipPHg^Ki ( 2^ ) " .^^I'l*^ r^^l -°"* I ^^*°"i *° furprifc the French. General Braddock having ^^^^^ ^^ Pf,fjgf.l^,<^gy^„ (}^g Ljj{t Qf ^^// and Beginning of A/d[y, arrived the loth of Alay at Fort Ctimberland^ which l*lacc the Army reached on the 1 7th, after a very painful March of twcnty-fevcn Days. This Army con- fided only of two Thoufand effcftive Men, and fo wa« aniy defigned to reduce Fort du Sluefne^ and then to join at Niagara that Body of Troops commanded by Mr. ibirley. It appears that Mr. Braddock had not given himfcif Time to refiedl ferioufly on the DifBcultics attending his Entcrprize. You fee his Dilquictudcs and Uncafincfs painted in the Letter he wrote the 5th of June to Mr. Robinfon. He there complains of the little Zeal with which the Colonies had feconded him, of the Dangers he had under-gone, and the Charges he had been at, in order to tranfport the Artillery and Munitions in a Country as yet ujunhabited^ unknown ^ and unpajfable^ even for the Inhabitants tbemfehes *. He ! was yet at Fort Cumberland when he wrote that Letter. He left that about the latter End of Juney and all know what was the Iflue of the Engagement on the 9th of Jufyt which was unhappy for him, and which put an Knd ro his Life and Projeds. Colonel Jobnfan had fct out immediately after the Congrefs at Mexandria, in order to execute on his Part, the Commifllon which was intrufted to hin:. He fpcnt Part of the Month of May among the Five Nations^ in awrence^ Governor lurt of London^ C«' attack the French )rders for that Ex' to him. 0», with a Body of Vlen, raifed in the rt Frederic [Crown- ivn and PeppereWt arOy chat he (hould Battoes to tranfport Lake Ontario^ and )e reinforced, which and to favour his rt Frederic^ Colonel tant Treaty with the I whom they wanted . General Braddock [iemi;s thefe Indians gucs ready made §, d out in Prefents for I, which the General known by its ill Suc- [ fct out for Frederic- ch the Mountains by I a Capacity to finilh opofed to execute on :1s tended to open all , and to make them Every Commander I t'je Conneftion his ought to be executed by haftening the In- vafion, order to animate them to the War. Nothing waslpared to render ihe French odious. But neither Calumnies nor Prefents had the defired Effe£t. In vain dki he endeavour to perfuade thtf Mohawks., that the French had taken Pof- Feflion of different Countries which belonged, not to the Engliflt (for he durft not go fo far) but to the Indians^ their Allies. Thofc People, who have more Senfc than is How do theft Terms agree 'with that Pofeffian, ivhich, accor£/tg lo tie Englifh, Jicurn to thtm the Property ofibg CektUnct IVifi of the Apalachian iVi9»a/«///i . S<^ ■wi Wfmmmmmmmmm ( U ) is commomly imagineil, were not to be taken in that Snare. They returned an Anfwcr full of Compliments i but they rcfufed coming to any Conclufion, under Pre- tence that it could not be done, but in a general Council of all the Nations. In fine, the Sjietchesboth of Colonel 'Jobnfony and of the Indian Sachems, prove, that the latter did not think the Ettglijh had any Right to prefcribe Laws to them. Both Nations treat with each other on a Foot of Equality. The Iroquois^ who were then fomc- thing inclined to make a I'reaty of Alliance with the Englijh^ are become their mortal Hncmies, fincc the Pro- clamations, by which the Engli/b Commanders were fo imprudent as to offer a Reward for their Scalps. While that important Treaty was carrying on, Colonel Jobnfon did not lofe Sight of the Attack of Fort Frideru\ On the «lh of May he wrote to the Governors, who were tofurniinhim with Men and Artillery §. On theoneHand, that Letter proves that he had rcfolvcd to bombard the Fort ( and, on the other, that he flattered himfelf, he Hiould be able to appear before the Place, before the French had any Intimation of hisDefign.-— /f// Ti>/)»^j, fays he, muft be hajiened^ that Nothing may retard our March^ which might confirm the Enemy in their Su/picien of an uittacky if unhappily they have any Intelligence of it- On the Side of /icadia^ Colonel Moncittony ready to execute the Attack of the Forts on the IJihmus, began with pubhfhing a Proclamation on the third of May^ in the Name of Governor Lawrence^ by which all the Inhabitants of the French Lands beyond the Ifihmus^ are commanded to furrendcr themfelves immediately to the Englifh^ and to deliver up all their Arms*. That was certainly the Country, in refpeft to which, his 5nV^«»;V»Majefty had, after the Building of the Englijh and French Forts in the JJibmus, formerly promifed, that no Innovations fhould be made, till the Commiflaries had come to a Determination. On the 1 6th and 1 7th of 7««' following. Colonel Monckton bombarded and took the French Forts of Btau-fejour and i^ii/pcre&iix. jSesN'. 15. •SceNV 16. We be taken in thaC )f Compliments i ifion, under Fre- a general Council sbotli ot Colonel prove, that the kight to prcfcribc h each other on a > were then fomc- Alliance with the les, fince tJje Fro- imanders were fo ir Scalps, rying on , Colonel : of Fort Frideric\ irernors, who were OnthconeHand, d to bombard the ttercd himfclf, he , before the French H Things ^ fays he, etard our Marcbt rthat Purpofe. tS6cN'>4. This, fliould be re- or ought to to the 9th Ar- ; of the fame e Commiflion id the Founda-. the Court of the Defign of ade, it was not the Court of which it had, : theie Precau- ifficulties raiffd ced to take for h Things were, and the Duke le Flan of apre- 1, it was believ- ercigns therein all Violences on that the Fr encb vAOXdXt all that the A^alacbiaK etire "beyond the fountains: That 1 on, (houkl be )n fhould be ^at houkl be reftor* were, or ought f ; and that the Time, on the les be deftroyed; It in the Space of erin Difpute, tq faries nominated This. ( 29 ) This, as you fee, was to concur with the Propofal, contained in the Memorial of the Court of London^ da- ted the 22d of January, 1755. The Court of France negotiated with much more Sincerity than the Miniftersof his Britannic Majefty afted, when they aflured the Duka de MirepoiXy that the Armaments made in Irelandy and the Fleet which had failed from thence, were principally intended to preferve a Subordination and good Order in the Englijh Colonies. Thele very Minifters, who feared nothing fo much as an Accommodation, and who knew that M. Braddock^ and all the Englijh Commanders, were then on their March, were extremely lurprized to fee France comply, in fome Meafure, with their rtrft Demands. They there- upon immediately changedt he Plan, which they themfelves had propofed •, and on the 7th of Marcb^ fent to the Duke de Mirepoix^ another Plan of Agreement, which they would never have devifed, buc becaufe they well knew it could not poffibly be agreed to*. ' The two Kings therein agreed to fend Orders to put a Stop to all Violences : But th^e were not to take Place, until France had fubmitted to the following Conditions. \ft. To deftroy not only the Forts fitua:e between the Apalachian Mountains and the Ohio^ but alfo to deftroy all the Settlements which lie between the Ohio and the Wabajhy ot the River St. Jerome. 2d. To demolifli Fort Niagara and Fort Frederick, fituateon Lake-Cbam- plain i and, with Regard to the Lakes Ontario, Erie, and Cbamplain, they were to belong neither to * one nor the other, but (houid be equally frequented by the Sub- jects of both Crowns, who (hould have an equal Right to trade there, ^d. To grant definitively to England, not only that Part of the Peninfula to the North oi Acadia, which was then in Difpute, but alfo the Space of Twenty Leagues, from South to North, in all that Country which reaches from the River Pentagoet, as far as the Gulph o( St. Lawrence, j^ib. and /tf/?/y, That all the > Southern * See No. 5. ;: ; ^ i -'♦ ( 30 ) Southern Bank of the River St. Lawrence, ihould belong to no Body, but (hould remain uninhabited. On thefe Conditions his Britannic Majefty was willing ' to commit the Decifion of his other Claims to the Com- miflaries of the two Crowns. By that Means the Court of London rendered the Pre- liminary Ncgociation as long, and fubjeft to as many Difficulties, as the principal One, which was all that it de- fired. The Court of France, fenfiblc that Prppofals fo ditFerent from thofe firft made, only tended to prevent the Conclufion of a prehminary Agreement, infilled on the Ncceffity of beginning, before all Things, with giv- ' ing Orders to prevent all Hoftilities, and to put a Stop to all Violences. It was alfo propofed, that the two Courts ftiould mutually communicate to each other, the Orders they gave ; but with this Propofal||, fo juft and equitable, the Britijh Minifters abfolutely refufed to com- ply, in the Anfwer§ they fent to the Duke de Mrepoix, the fith of Jpril, 1 755. There was therefore a Ncceffity to return and combat that Plan of Agreement, on which the Englifit Miniftry fo much infilled. , It was eafy to prove, that the preli- minary Agreement which England demanded, began with abfolutely deciding, to the Prejudice of France, that Controverly, which his Britannic Majefty had formerly promifed to refer to Commiffaries. By that Plan, the French irretrievably loft all Trade with Canada by the River St. John, the King was ftripped of the Property of the three Lakes, which had always been looked on as Part of New-France, and the River St. Lawrence, which is the Center of Canada, became the Boundary of that Colony. All thefe Things were difcuffed it) a Letter of the 1 3th of yipril, 1 755?* by which the French Mini- fter informed the Duke 4' Mirepoix of his Majefty's In- tentions, and his Anfwer to the Plan propofed by Eng- land, which was an abfolute Refufal to agree thereto. On the 24th of April, 1 7^5, the Britifi Minifters lent the Ambaffador oi France, a fort of an Anfwer to 4 See N°. 6. § See N". 7. t See N<». 8. ,\h9^ i-'X' •^^^''■f^"'i-'^-i-f^f*«illfv^'^" r-^rmrmifi^. ■w i f JU fw , fliould belong a: fty was willing " IS to the Com- idercd the Pre- t to as many ^asallthatitde- t Prppofals fo led to prevent It, infilled on ngs, with giv- to put a Stop that the two ;ach other, the III, fo juft and refufed to com- ce de Mirepoix^ urn and combat •.nglifll) Miniftry that the preli- led, began with ■ France^ that r had formerly that Plan, the Canada by the >f the Property en looked on as Mwrence^ which undary of that I ii) a Letter of I French Mini- is Majefty*s In- pofed by Eng- ree thereto. \rUifl} Minifters »f an Anfwer to that • ( 3' ) that Letter. They had not yet received Advice of tTie lad Difpofition of Affairs in America^ nor were they fure h England, that the Operations, which they took fo much Care to conceal^ could alt be executed at the fame Time. It was therefore necefTary flill to prolong the Ne- gotiation: So we fee, that in that Anfwer* the Court of Lou/ion complains of the little Attention that the French Miniftcr had given to their Refleftions i and, they alfo add, that they are ready to enter upon an Examination of all the Points in Difpute^ and in the Course of that Examination, theywill be able to difcover wherein the principal Differences conftfi. His Ma jefly, even then, would have very willingly confented to enter upon the Examination and Difcuffion of thofe Points, which prevented the Co;)clufion of a pre- liminary Treaty. Of this, the Duke de Mirepoix alTured the Miniflers of Great-Britain, on the 6th of May, I755f : And in the Memorial which the Court of Lon^ don ordered to be fent to him, on the gth of the fama Month, they affedl to teftify the greatefl Satisfaftion on that Account. In thefe Terms they exprefs themfelves :§ ** The Court of Great-Brttain fees, with the greatefl; ** Satisfaction, by the Anfwer which his Excellency the •* Duke de Mirepoix has fent to Mr. Robin/on, the 6th ** of this Month, not only that the Court oi France con- ** tinues in its ReG^ution to maintain the Peace, but that •* its Difpofitions »% the fame as thofe of £»^/a» ;; r / !< i • wereeivmgfuch repeated and ftrong Affurances to his Maiefty's Ambaffador, the People ih London begin to pubhlh, thai a Rupture was refoWcd on, and tttot Admi- fal Bofcawen, who had juft fet Sail, had Orders to attack the French Veflcls wherever he fhould Hnd their. No longer did they aflign the pretended Encroachments of France as Motives of the VVar, but the Neccffity therii was to embrace this Opportunity to rum her Conimftce, and to put it out of her Power to rc-eftabl.m her Manpe. Thefe Reports wcrefo current and unitorm, that the Duke de Mirepoix, thought it his Duty to inform his Court thereof : Which he did, notwithftanding the moft formal and repeated AfluranceS, which the Minifters of Great-Britain gave him of theit pacific Intentions. They | told him again and again, that he ought to give no Crc dit, either To common Reports, or to the public News- papers. Nay, thefe Minifters went even farther : The Dulce de Mirepoix, having about the latter End f fpr'fy \ Ihewed fome Uneafinefs about the Deftination of Admi- ral Bofcawen*s Fleet, and the Orders that were given him, • they pofitively afTurcd him, that the Engltjh would cer- tainly not attack firft. Confidering the Confidence due to fo many Appearan- ces of Sincerity, it is no Wonder that g:^»« tl^o^ghtthc Negotiation ought to be continued. The Enghjh Mmi-\ ftert had never made a Propofal, but at the fame Time, they gavefufficient Room to belicvcihat it was not their • laft : Therefore, on the 12th of May, the Dukc^^ A*H repoix fent them a Memorial, much more regular than the former II, and in which the Rights and Interefts of both Nations were examined, with Relation to Articles of a preliminary Agreement, in which they couU not yet *° The £»p///Zr Miniftry made him wait an Anfwer, till the End of M^^, and fome Days in June: On the 7th tliev fcpt it. Now if any one will reflca:, that on the 8 th Admiral P^jcawen gave the Signal of an open Rupture by Sea, h.: muft be convinced, that the Delay ot that An- 1 12. *!*•' AfTurances to his London began to and tttAt Admi- Orders to attack find thcnr». No Encroachments of ic Neceflity thcrt ihcr Commfrce, ablilh her Mariwe. uniform, that the uty to inform his iftanding the mo^ the Minifters of Intentions. They] It to give no Cre« the public News- even farther : The I tterEnd oi Aprity tination of Admi- lat were given him, nglijh would ccr-| 3 many Appearan- Fr***.v«^?.J^i^W-i»?S*f(-& IBiWP^^P W iii n i ,.mwi i II' -ir wywpw^w 'm ' W Iii " ' ' X '»''f»" nVtfiu affcrts, ifi nly by a Detail of either in Europe known, to need a ven, both of the itions of England^ Caufes of the c influenced both icny one of thcna* lume* §> COLLECTION Of PAPERS, Tending to vindicate the Condiift of the Court <£ France^ in Anfwer to the Obfcrvations fcnt by the Englijb Mi- fliftry to the fcveral Courts of Europe. P A R^ the FIRST, NUMB. I. An ExtraA of a Mumojum from the Britifli Court, de- liver* d to the French Ambaffador the 14//& July, 1 749, in Anfwer to that which was fent from the French . King, relating to the Settlements projeffed by Enghnd. HI S Majefty the King of Great -Britain, having confidered the Memorial which wa$ prefented to the Duke of Bedford, the 7th of laft Month, con- cerning Nova-Scotia, by Mr. Durand, one of the Mi- niftefs of his moft Chriftian Majefty, at the Court pf England, ordered, That the different Obfervations which appear ncceflary to be made on the laid Memorial, be re- prefented iit the following Manner to the faid M . Durand. The two Points concerning which, the moft Chriftian King demands an Explanation •, to wit. The Settlemept of Acadia, or Nova Scotia, and the ProjcA attributed to Governor Debhs^ are in thcmfelves, fo little liable to any Objeftion from any Power whatfoever, that it ' will be eafy to remove the bad Opinion, the Court df France may have conceived, by the falfe Reports which nnay have been fuggefted to them on that Account. The only Thing which might in Juftice give Umbrage ^o the Court of France, would be an Apprehenfion foun- ded on Reafon, that the King had given Orders to extend the Settlements in Nova-Scotia, farther than his Majefty had a Right to do, by the iitii Article of the Treaty of W^cht. ' - m .A.-^friUJ^Pi^'-.:, iMiiiiiftimi, mil imiiypiii f'36 ) Bbtfuch an Apprchenfion falls of itfd^, fince the King of Great-Britain^ in Con^rmity to the Frencb K\r)^\ Uo fire, agrees to fubmit the Regulation of the Limits of ^ova- Scotia to CommilTioners, accort'ing to its ancient Bounds, as alfo the Limits and the Right of FoflTc-niun of the feveral Iflands and Countries in yimerica^ which have been in Difpute between the two Nations •, no: ain it be fuppofcd the King would extend Settlements, which muft of Necefllty, be attended with vaft Expencc, in a Fart of the Province he has not a clear and undoubted Right to. As the Limits, therefore, of Neva-Scotia^ are to be fubmitted to the Examination of CommilTionerSj it b needlcfs to anfwer here all the AITertions contained in the Memorial of Mr, Vurand upon that Head. M. Bur and has alfo lightly touched in his Memorial, on the Plan pro* jccled by Governor Dobhsy as tending to incroach upon the Trade which the French have with the Indians to- wards the North of Canada^ and to extend the Britijh Settlements in thofe Parts, to the Prejudice of the Rights of his moft Cbriflian Majefly •, he did not enter into Par- ticulars thereupon, the Objefts of the faiid Plan not bring fufficiently known in /•'r^wftf. . , But it would be very eafy to give the Court *of France an intire SatisfaAion on that Article, affuring them that this Plan, which was debated in Parliament, had abfolutc- ly no other Intention, than to open an axclufive Com- merce to the whole Nation, which had been pradlifcd a long Time by a privileged Company, under a private Pa- tent i and that only, with an Intent to extend a general Trade in thofe Parts, and not to enlarge the PcfTefliorts of the Nation, at the Expente of any other. ' ' But as this Plan was not approved of in Parliament, it is t4lw laidaflde, and confequently out of the Queftion; nevdthelefs, had it been put in Execution, it cannot be conceived, how it could have, given the Court of France the leafl: Grounds of Complaint, as it had only a Relation to an Affair that concerned the Subje<5ts of the Kingdptn alone j thai is to fay ^ Whether a Trade, a long Time praftifed IvJv*' L;V.#,1-,-, ^« pradlifed vate Coi Majefly' His { makes r mands n ly?. '1 to commit tr en thii ihe Poffej^ that migi Treaty ments z6 2d, T two Con- fhail be a ring the 1 between 1 Neva-Sec of that C Nations t (accordinj which are are to rcr Before by his Si (though laid Clain Decifion I^efire to reflored //Letter/ complain uetthe IHavd of5 to reprcf ' m !»<<»» «r m i Bi n T'-*T fince tlie King Hch King's Ue- the Limits of g to its ancient of Foffcfrion of cat which have i i no; c«n it be nts, which muft »cc, in a Part of ijbtctl Right to. coti^y are to be niflionerSi it is contained in the ad. M. Bur and on the Plan pro- o incroach upoji the Indians th- ttend the Britijh ice of the Rights t enter into Far- id Flan not being Court ♦of France uring them that :nt, had abfolutc- i exclufive Gom- been pradifcd a der a private Fa- extend a generil ye the Pcffcfllorts Cher. • in Parliament, it of the Queftion; :i6n, it cannot Be Court of France d only a Relation of the Kingdom de, a longTlme pra£tiied "( 37 1 praAifcdat /7w//<>«*s-fl ( 33 ) which the Governors of his modCbriflianM&jefiy in /Imi- rica have occafioncd, by incroaching upon the Territo- ries of his Majefty in Nova-Scotia. It is with the grcar- fft Rcludance, that his Majefly finds himfclf under 4 Mcceflity of making Heprelentations againd any of the Subje<^s of his mort Cbriftian Majefty \ and more fo, liaving entertained fomc J lopes, that after thofe which I Ji;)d nude, by his MajcUy'ii Orders in September Va^^ ami the Anfwer of your f'.xccllcncy, concerning the Settle- ment which M. de la Galijjonniere had undertaken at the River St- j'ohn^ pofitive Orders had been fcnt to the French Governors, not only to terrninatc every Caulc of ]3ifpute, but alfo to avoid for the future, with the greateil Care, all Proceedings which might give rife to new De- bates. Nevcrtlielcfs, his Majclly lias now received Let- ters from Governor Coruwa/Z/j, oi Nova-Scotia^ wherein he complains, that M. deJa Jonquiere fcnt Troops to Chiboudit which. is one of thuke Diftridls that had fent Deputies to the faid Governor, at his Arrival in that Pro- vince, in order to fubmit themfelves to him, and to re- ceiye the Orders of his Majefly. There can be no flronger Proof, that thofe Inhabitants looked upon themfelves as Subjeds of Great-Britain^ fincc the Province of Nova' Scotia was annexed to that Crown. It is needicfs to repeat here the Reafons which au- thorize his Majefty to demand that Juftice which is due to him on the Account of the new Proceedings ot M. dt la Jonquiere \ his moft Chrifiian Majefty cannot be igno- rant of them. After the exprefs Orders his Majefty fent to all his Governors^ to bear continually in Aiind to adjuji a'! thbfe Dijputes in an amicable Manner, and confequentlj fo avoidf with Care, all Manner of Hoftilities*, unlcls ajuft * T/j.'t it ! j m^' i-/^ \ ! • C 40 ) * • ment from Canada^ the faid Inhabitants being intimidated by that Governor, thofe Submiflions would not acquire any Right to Great- Britair.. nor prevent their being let- tied on French Ground ; they would only prove§ that if there was any Commotion upon that Frontier, it was oc- cafioncd by fome Innovations brought about by the Rug- lijh Governor ; and certain it is, that the Precautions which the French Governors thought it their Duty to take, were with no other View than to remove from the faid Inhabitants the Fear of thole Innovations. But there are to be no more Debates on that Head, a- mongft the refpedive Governors, by Virtue of the Or- ders they have received to make no Altera.tions until the Limits are lettled, which is to be done by CommilTion- ers : Orders, whicn A/, delajonquiere touid not have received when he lent the Detachment to Chiboudiy fincc they co«id hot be fcnt over to him before the latter Part of the Winter, as 'tis well known in England. Laftly, This ought jjo make us the more fenfible of •the Necefllty there is to endeavour to forward the Bufincfs of the CommiflTioners who are to regulate the Limits of the two Crowns, in America ; and the King orders mc to renew his Inftances on that Head, with his Majefty the King of Great-Britain : His Majefly infifts thereon with fo much the more Earneftncfs, as this Work tends to keep up that gopd Harmony, fo happily reftored be- tween the two Crowns, and the Subj efts thereof; and his Majefty has nothing more at Heart, than to procure the Support and Prefervation thereof. I am, ^c. ' Signed, PuYZiEULX. "' I I^UMB; ^ TheCt: Sulm'ijfiens forced from fame Inhahitants , were, in Effe^, a Sequel cf the Threats of the Englifh (iovernor, and frame a recent 4'' tempt. Ho 'w B ! aig^'«- «»■»« ^ y i A iWWIJ^jijWPWWWWl M i m m 'V '\f ( 4* ) cd in Ammunition, different Sorts of Goods, and ProvJ- fions. This faid Sloop returning from Cbedaicky where Ihe had landed her Cargo, v._ taken, towards the End of the Month cH Auguft^ between the Coaft of Canada and the Ifland 5/. John. Sh.: was afterwards fent to Qi- iouffou, where fhe was condemned. The fecond is. The taking a French Brigantine, by a Frigate belonging to the King of Great -Britaitty the Circumftances whereof, will, undoubtedly, appear to his Britannic Majefly, more a^ravating than the firft. The Marquis de la Jonquiere ; being informed of the Con- duft of the Englifl) VelTels, had often fent Complaints thereof to Governor Cornwallis, though to no Purpofe j and having Occafion to fend the neceffary Succours to the Detachments of the Troops which are towards the River St. John^ thought it neceffary, in September lafl, to fit out a Brigantine ac ^ebec, called the St. Francis^ in order to convoy a Schooner laden with the Succours «♦ afore-mentioned. He gave to Mr. Vergor^ Captain of the Troops, the Command of the Brig aforefaid, carry- ing Ten fmall Guns, and Sixty Men, including Thirty Soldiers. Captain l^ergor was pofitivcly forbidden in the Inftruftions which were given him, to undertake any Thing againfl any of the Engli^ Veffels he fhould chance to m?et i and in Cafe he found any one that would op- pofe him in his PafTage, his Orders were not to fire until the EngUP had begun, and to let them know firft , that he was Commander of a Vejfel belonging to the King of •France, fitted out to carry Proviftons to his Troops. On the 1 6th of OSfobery the Brigantine and Schooner being Two Leagues to the Weflward of the IfiesofSealy Capt. Fergor difcovered at Eleven in the ForeniSbn, an Englijh Frigate making towards him, and crowding Sails, * being right before the Wind, prefently came up to him. In about Half an Hour after, the Frigate fired a Ball a- 'ftem of the Brigantine, and hoifted her Flag. Where- upon Capt. Vergor ordered his Streamer and Flag to tic hoifted, and fired one Gun, without (Jacking Sail. The * Frigate, Wj, _tehn'^' -^ J-- - ■«■■■ .^~^~ 'Goods, and Provf- m Chedaicky where t, towards the End te Coaft of Canada cerwards fent to Chi' :A Brigantine, by t Great 'Britaitty the >ubtedly, appear to iting than the firft. informed of the Con- en fent Complaints Ligh to no Purpofe \ xefTary Succours to ;h are towards the , in September laft, led the St. FraneiSy with the Succours Vergor^ Captain of rig aforefaid, carry- , including Thirty trely forbidden in the I, to undertake any fels he (hould chance one that would op- were not to fire until w knowfirfty that be \ng to the Kifig of to Us Troops. mtine and Schooner I of the IJles of Seal, 1 the Forenibn, an , and crowding Sails, y came up to him. igate fired a Ball a< her Flag. Where mer and Flag to be c Hacking Sail. The Frigate, ' Hn i i w aDi i i| r|>;BWBi'W' »W»"»"" i iii HHlni i Hu i m H) ; ""*'*^. ( 43 ) Frigate, ftill continuing her Purfuit, came in Half an Hour's Time, within Reach of a Six Pounder, then fir- ed a fecond Gun, and hoifted her Streamer. Soon after a Third Gun was fired, the Bullet whereof went through his Fore-top- fail. Then he prepared for an Engage- ment, in Cafe of a frefh Infult : However, the Englijh Frigate coming clofe up, again, fired a fourth Gun, wirh a Ball, into Capt. ^(fri'flr's Sails. According to the Or- ders the Marquis de la Jonquiere had given him, he hail- ed the VeflTd in Frencby telling them he was Commander oi A Vejfel belonging to the King / France, and that he was carrying Provifions and Ammunition to the Troops of his Majefty. Whereupon the Englilh Commander made no further Anfwer, than to tell him to bring to, or he would fink hinj. To which the French Captain ordered the fame Words to be repeated in Enghjhy which had before been fpoken in French. But all the Anfwer he could get, was a whole Broadfide, and a Volley of Mulkct-Shot. The Fight lafted near five Hours j but the French Brigan- tine was at laft fo torn and ihattered in its Sails and Rig- ging, that Capt. Vergor was obliged to ftrike, after having had feveral Men killed and wounded. His Long- Boat be - jng alfo -n a fhattered Condition, the Englijh Captain fent his own V take him on board, where Capt. Vergor ^\{c *i wtfftmmffnm'^^'^fm l|ip i» nm jiW tW l l, l tll! ll ]| lll|f g i |H il |l| l > pii ,l > WM|i. i m||l.. l' !tV I W ' ". >i J> l' -" i | ' W y ,» ■■■ I...- ■'_ t |" loft a great many Men. Heanfwered, that he was very forry tor it himfeif, that it was altogether owing to Capt. Rous, whofe Conduft he immediately related. Gover- nor Cornwallis anfwcred, that if Things ^^ere as he faid, Capt. Rous was in the Wrong ; and furthermore, would call his Council the next Day to decide thereon, which he accordingly did. Capt. Rous, his Mate, and fome of the Company belonging to the firigantine, were called to it ; Capt. Vergor was alio called, who declared the Fafts in the fame Manner as related heretofore : Capt. Rom could not but own, he had firft fired a Gun with a Ball in the Fore-inafl ot the Brigantine. Whereupon the Gover- nor arofe, and having ordered all the Officers belonging to the Brigantine, who were in a Room adjacent, to come into the Council Chamber ; they were alked who had fired the firft Gun, and they all replied, that Capt, Rous had fired two Vollies. Immediately the Declaration of Capt. Vergor was red before them, and they all affirmed it true in every Circumftance. Neverthelefs, nothing was deter- mined, either at that Sitting, nor at five or fix others which were fincc alTembled. But two or three Days after the firft Sitting, Governor Cornwallis aflced Capt. Vergor, what he would require to repair the Brig, fit for Sea Ser- vice, offering to provide him with all that was neceflfary for that Purpofe } He anfwered, he could not do without a Main-maft, and four Pieces of Cordage. The Governor promifed he Ihould have them, and accordingly ordered one to be cut down, which the Crew belonging to the Bri- gantine drew out of the Woods, and told Capt. Vergor^ to fee that his Sails, his Rigging, and every Thing elfe he had Occafion for were mended. Whilft this Captain was about repairing his VefTcl, Capt. i?(7ftj applied to |he Ad fc miralty, where the Brigantine was condernned. In a Let ter which Governor Cornwallis wrote to M. D^erlfiers, a Commander at Cape-^retony as he was fending him back, Mr. Vergor, and the Men belonging to the Brig, as alfo their Arms, he faith, that the Adn^iraliy prp nounced it a lawful Prize, for having carried on an illicit . . . ■.■ ■ ■ Trad; 'i; iT iJiiiiiiTiiii iiwrtrn , that he was very her owing to Capt, ^ related. Gover- ns were as he faid, Furthermore, would de thereon, which Mate, and fome of tine, were called to > declared the Fafts tofore : Capt. Rous Gun with a Ball in ercupon the Gover- : Ofiacers belonging n adjacent, to come aflced who had fired hat Capt, B.OUS had Declaration of Capt. y all affirmed it true , nothing was deter re or fix others whicl\ hree Days after the liked Capt. Vergor, Brig, fit for Sea Ser- ill that was neceffary :ould not dp without iage. The Governor accordingly ordered belonging to theBrl 1 told Capt. Vergor, \ every Thing elfe he hilft this Captain was ?ttj applied to|jie Ad ondemned. In a Let- :e to M. D^erlfiers, he was fending him :longing to the Brig, the i^dn^iralty prp- 5 carrkd on an illicit ^ Trad{ ( 45 ) Trade within the Province of his Britannk MajcftyJ Thefe are the Terms he makes ufe.of. There is no NeceflUy of any Pro or Con in an Affair of this Kind. Here is a Veffel fitted out for the Service of his Majefty, commanded by one of his Majefty's Offi.- ccrs, attacked as in a Time of War. So good an Opinion we have of the Integrity of his Majefty the King of Creaf Britain's Intentions, that we cannot attribute an Attempt fo contrary to all Manner of Laws, to any Order from his (aid Majefty j but, on the contrary, that as foon as he is acquainted with the Truth of thefe Fa£ts, we «iay rely entirely on his Equity, concerning that Juftice and Satisfadlion thefe Captures call for ; as alfo, Orders to be given to prevent hereafter the like Abiife. ?', I Jn ExtraSi of a Letter from Capt. Rous, Commander of his Majefty's Frigate the Albany. Dated, Chiboudoil, in Ngva-Scotia, the 31/tf/O^ober, 1750. * ., : THE Day after having left the River St. yobn/sil palTed Cape-Sable^ about Noon, I dilcovercd a Brigantine and a Schooner, turning the Cape, about two Miles from the Coaft, fteering North- Weft ; and as I had before been informed of a Brigantine which was a Pi- rate orj that Coaft ; [) I immediately gave her Chace in order to fpeak to her. As foon as (he found out who we were, fhe made a. Signal to the Schooner which was with her, who thereupon altered her Courfe, Weft-fouth-wefti coming pretty near Gun-fhot of the Brig, which was fteering W. N . W. I firf d one Gun at the Fore- Part of the faid Brig, to bring her to, while the Schooner was making off with all Speed. The Brigantine put up French Colours, and ifired alfo one Gun •, the Schooner did the fame, but put VP no Colours. When I was come within Gun-fhot, I fired • Tfjat Extras •wat given tfi his MajeByU Minifter hy the Englifli Jmhaffadar, in order to excvfe the ConduB of thu Englifl), Capt. Rons fyffrtffts feveral rffential Circutnftances therein, and altert the Fafft ; ptverthelefs he it th/iged, tt own that he luas the ^ggrtjfor. I By this betdE^-:Mif*, the Epgliih alvmys chak (heir 'ntfiiJilitt ^t Stg. "-J..- *'il ^■■mm MNMiiiiili wiikmmmimt'i ^mtm ti.aiiii«i«i«mi«mwfq«nw •■., 11 # Ek^ ( 46 ) Hred another right a- head of her, which fhe returned, and furled her Main-fail to make Room for her Small- Arms to play, and prepared to engage us. We hailed them when wo wevrnear enough to them, but they re- turned no Anfwer, I ordered a Six Pounder to be fired upon them, and continued hailing. Soon after coming up clofeto her, (he prefented her Head right upon our Star- board, made one half Turn to the Southward, in order to prefent us her l^arboard, and gave us her whole Broad- fide,be fides Small- Arms, while we continued hailing with- out Anfwer. I returned immediately a Broadfide, and the Fight lafted two Hours and a Half •, after which fomc of them hailed us in Englijh^ that they would not fire any longer. I ordered them to ftrike, and fent my Lieutenant on board, who brought me the Captain of the Brigantine, and his Papers, whereby I prefently difcovered it to be the 5/. ir<}»m Brigantine, of about One Hundred and Twenty Tons, mounting Ten Guns, and four Swivels, having fixty Men on board, including thirty Soldiers •, that fhe had been laden at ^ebec with Arms, Ammu- nition, Cloathing, and Provifipns for thclndians, and had been fitted out to convoy the Schooner aforefaid, which had made her Efcape during the Engagement, and was alfo laden with the like F.ffeds. I have brought the Brigantine to this Port, where (he has been condemned by a Court of Admiralty, for carry- ing on a prohibited Trade : Here is annexed a Copy of the Sentence pronounced by the faid Court ; your Excel- lencies will be pleafed to perufe it. We had two Men killed and one wounded, during the Fight. On board the Brigantine were fix killed, and feven wounded. The Commander of the Brigantine, faith fhe is a King's Ship : Though he has no Cqmmiffion fropi the Crown, only an Order from the Governor of Canada, to command the faid VefTel, and to convoy the Schooner to the River St. John i where, after having unladen the Ammunition, and the Prefents deflined for the Indians, (he was to return to ^ekc, thcr« (0 bf difarmcd. - ' • ^ * — 1 muft r'rV .'- TM-t-Ttjr; - ffft^^tm.yi /• 'ir iVn««*|lfte«Me»nMP*«1«|ipM m IfiU ^UIMMPVMMI ichflie returned, n for her Small- : us. We hailed icm, but they rc- junder to be fired n after coming up jht upon ourStar- uthward, in order her whole Broad- inued hailing with- Broadfide, and the fter which (omc of vould not fire any bnt my Lieutenant 1 of the Brigantinc, ifcovered it to be )nc Hundred and and four Swivels, r thirty Soldiers j th Arms, Ammu- [ic Indians J and had cr aforefaid, which gagement, and was kis Port, where (he imiralty, for carry- annexed a Copy of :ourt i your Execl- ounded, during the fix killed, and fevcn Jrigantine, fsuth fhe o Cqmmiflion fropi jovernorof Canadat Dnvoy the Stjhooner having unladen the ned for the Indians^ b9 difarmcd. I muft r 47 ) t:i*ff«*3lf«'»*; »»(•'»■ -'* , **•■** I muft inform your Honors, that when I came her6 lall, I faw his Majcfty's Frigate the Tryal returning from a Cruize in Bay-Vert, where, upon the 8th of Auguft hPi, fhe had taken a French Sloop called the London, from Canada, La Gras, Mafter ; and having examined his Papers, found that the Bufinefs of this Vcird was to carry Ammunition, Provifions, and other Goods to the In" diansy who are in a Province belonging to his Majefty ; whereupon the Tryal took her, and brought her to this Port, where fhe was condemned by his Majefly's Court of Admiralty, for having carried on an illicit Trade. NUMB. IV. An Extraft of a Letter written by M. de la Jonquiere,' Governor of Canada, to Governor Cornwallis, of Nova- Scotia ; dated Quebec, April 2, 1 750. TH E King my Mafler is already acquainted with the Orders which I have given to the feveral Of- ficers that were lent by me to command the Forts afore- faid •, to wit, to allow nobody to fettle near them, and even to oppofe fuch by Force of Arms, a; would offer to moled them, after my Orders were made known to them : However, I fliall give them no Orders to raife any Forti- fications, until the CommiiTioners, who are undoubtedly nominated, have regulated the true Boundaries of Nova- Scotia, and which are to belong to New-France. Thofe Limits have never been regulated, fmce you acknowledge that Commiffioners are nominated for that Purpofe ; and that is the very Reafon which engages me to fend Troops to keep the faid Stations, until Matters arc adjufled be~. tween the two Crowns. I hope you will fcrioufly obferve this Letter which I fend you. You have, no Doubt, acquainted the King your Mafter, ofall tt^t is done ; and as you have given me to underfland, that you will do your Duty whilft you arc waiting for his Majefly's Orders \ I alfo give you Notice* thac I ihall not fail to do mine. .,, ,, ,. A Rc- 'I k :.iiHltmiii»tiM l »P -\ » tlM » V WHW . . '•«^^fV>f!**IViiVPf9H1Bi 'i: ( 48 ) '" A Report prevails here, that Mr Coram has arrcftcd M. Girardy the Abbot, wh) is the Curate of Copeguit \ I know not the Reafons for fuch a Proceeding ; but as he is a Subjeft of the King my Mafter, I defire you would fend him home forthwith. A Memorial, containing the Ccmplaints of England, and delivered to M. the Marquis de Puyzieulx, the ytb #/ July, 1750, hy my Lord Albemarle. BE it known, that thfi Subfcriber hereof, an Ambaflador Extraordinary, and Minifter Plenipotentiary, of hij Majcfty the King of Great -Britain^ has received Orders from the King his Mafter, dated at Hanover^ the 26ih of lait Month, to reprefcnt to the Court of France^ the ex- treme Sonpriac his Majefty is in, to learn the rafli Pro- ceedings of the French in America, under the Direction and Authority of M. de la Jonquiere, who has made no Scruple to avow them. Governor CornwalliSy of Nova-Scotiay acquaints the Duke oi Bedford, in a Letter of the firft of May^ this pre- fcntYear, that the French have taken Poffeflion of all that Part of Nova-Scotia^ on the other Side of the Bay of Fundi,* from the River Ci'/^«^^ ••<* mmm '««ffPWV*<***'^^ yj e by what Orden lajcfty thcKingof ch Outrages ; he tue of the Orders nmanded him to St. Jobn^ Marem- the Country, as and would at jmits were fettled lat Furpofe. ar Troops, com- :le inferior to that ■i^ • Orders of his ig any Aft of Ho. Court of Franci nay, he is fo con- IliaH Majefty, and lerftanding between lo Scruple to difap' :leaft Intention to ts of the PeninJuUS 'ranee did not look t ever the Defign of »f Nova-Scotitj to ft Cbrifii an Mjefly, or id an invading j tkat i^ rderi did not keep hia acknowIedgM that tin to hit i that Detachmeat efigns i it wai thcrefori , to And Troop* t* op wtedge it themfelvcn t n the Continent, befor Bjrtdid iIk/ wut ( 5» ) ' ' •r to take ronTcflion by Force of Arms of any Country, whofe Right and i'roperty his Majefty had betorc agreed ' fhould be determined by Lommiflioricrs nominarcd for that Purpofe, until the Regnlation ot the Limits be effec- tually decided. The Ambaffador is ordered to require a Difapproba- tion of M. de la Jonqutere's Condudt •, and that pofitive Orders be fcnt him forthwith to withdraw his 1 roops, as alfo the /«ifiic Majefty, and will fen(| new InftruAions, ' in Order to prevent all Manner of Difputea between the two N.ationsi, not doubfinc:, his Britannic Majefty will give the like Orders on his Part. Permit me, Sir, to tell you, that I cannot help thinking the Declaration of the Fa£li ii rnuch exaggarated ; and as I know M.dtla Jonquiertt is a Gen- tleman of Wifdonij and know alfo his InllruAien^ I am forr^ K ri . ,U.h ■««■ i i m i M.ii. I lip i^ ( 5. ) Governor Camuxillh did not ipply to him, before he fent Com- plaint! to hi» Court I 1 fcnt immediately your Memorial to M. Rtuille, defiring him to enquire with all Speed, how Aff»iri • were tranliidcd in CannJa, and to let mc know them, that j may be able toanfwcr your Excellency in a more pofuivc Mau- Ujf, 1 have iht llonuur to />/, iJc. Signed, PuvzIEULX. P. a. Perhaps Governor Cornwallii may have formed Sitle- mcrits on lomo Lauda contended lor, oi on the King's Territo- lies. ^ Letttr fent by M. Rouille to M. dc la Jonquiere, 4 Copy ofwbicb was Jent on the ijjtb ef July, 1750, . to my Lord Aluciiuric, VerfailUs^ July'lht nthf 1 7 50. S I R, I Send you the Copy of a Memorial directed to the Marauls 4i Puyzituhy from the AmbaiFador of Gnat-Britain \ \yheretA you wi|l fee the Complaini> made by the Britijh Court, con- cerning certain TraniatSions on the Frontiers of Canada and yeva-Seotia : If any of the Frrnch Inhabitants in thofc Parts, be fuilty of the Outiages there complained of, they would deferve unifhment, and the King would make an Example of them. His Majcfty therefore defires you would fend me, by the 6rft Oppartu{iity, a faithfuj and true Account of the Fa<3s, that \ may acquaint him with the Particulars thereof. The King alfo commands mc to put you In Mind of the fcve- ral Orders which his Majefty has already given you, concern? ing the Manner in which you are to condu<^ yourfelf towards the Englijh^ efpecially in every. Thing th^t regards the Limits <4 the refpe£live Colonies, till they are regulated i in fupportiiig his juft Rights againft every Attempt wbich might tend to in- vade ibem: You are alfa to attempt nothing agaiiilt the Right* ofthe£n^/f^, but to treat theminfucha reipe£lful Manner, as may be confident with the Honour of the Nation, and the I'refervation of iu PofTeiTions i you are alfo to take Care tha^ thofe Officers, who fliall be fent by you, from Time to Time, tQ fuch Block-Houfes as s^rc adjacent to the Engli_ffx Colonies^ behave likewife in the fame Manner : In a Word, prevent evera Tiling which might occafion any juft Caufe of Complaint againft you. His Britannic Majefty, as I have already acquainted you, Hias prefcribed to the Governors of his Colonies, the like Conr ^n^ refpeding you, T^cr^ is Reafon to hope that 4II Things i&" \» , tefore he Tent Com* ur Memorial to M. pccil, hdW Affairs iDow them, that { more pofuivc Man- fd, PUYZIEULX. y have formed Sttlc- thc King's Territo- r. dc la Jonquierc, 6 e to Time, the Englijf). Colonies^ I Word, prevent everv fe of Complaint againlt Iready acquainted you, lonies, the like Con- I hope that 9II Things '"^pm*"" ( 53 ) / ■ ' will be carried on between both Tartict, in a Maneer igreeaM* 10 the Views of their Maiellics, for the Support of the Unioa of both Nations. Once more, his M.iic(ly charges ywuto uo- dtrtakc nothing thutmi'^ht caul'c any iSifordor,^ / arrij l^c Signed, Rouir.Lf. A Memorial in Arifwr to the Complaints made by Enjilandt and fcnt the i5ih of September^ to my Lord AlhmarU*, Cr^'iyO tlJintial Ohffrvat'tons have been viade in tht Jnjiu/r ti •* thi Mtmoriat ftnt by the Earl 1/ Albemailc to tht AJarauii d« Puyzieulx, cancerning tht Complaints of Govtrnor Cornwallis, of Nova-Scutia. ift. That it is not rtafonnhtt., that thofe Outragts, ivhich tht JhiJ Governor imputts to tht French Officers, Jhould be left to his Decld^ ration only, that his Mnjejly would ^H an Jaount of what had fajfed \ and if the Fa^s he complained of tutri founded on Rtafoit^ bis Majifiy would not hefitatt topunijh them accordingly. ad, That his Mujejly was about renewing his Orders to tht Mdr* fuis de la Jonquiere, on tht chief Subjeil relating to Limits in tht moji pofttivt Terms, that the French within his Government, Jhottli have in a Manner agreeablt to that good Correfpondtnct exi/fing bi- iween tht two Nations, and to the Intentions of his Maftjlv, fo¥ ftrengthtning thereof; being confident that his Britannic Majejtj 1/uould givt the like Orders to the Governors of hit Caloniesi to ail according to the fame principles. IVe have not yet been able to knotv certainly, whether hif Majtji^ fent any Orders : However, by Letters from the Marauis de la Jon- quiere, and-M. Delherblcfs, Commander o/" Cape-Breton, ivhiA are juji come to Hand, wt art now enabled to convince the finglitll Afinijiry, that tht two forementioned Obfervations wtrt well groUntlr td. Governor Cornwallis began in the Month of March ti raifk (onftderable Forces^ and ftnt even to Bofton to dtmand Mititairy SlU^ tours from that Colony, to that End. Towards tht latter £«ir in an Harbour belonpng to the French Bay, called Le Grand Marins^ouin, or great Muflcetto Harbour ; and one of the rej/cis making toivards Bcm-haHlny the Inhabitant^ tfthct Place betook thcmfehes to Flight, and the Indians immediatelf Jit it en Fire. 7his huppemd iviay tloe Second. The fame Day, Major Lawrence, landed his Englifti Trocps on the Continent, upon a Point of Land called Benu-kjour. The Cap- tain of that Place having zt/ith him a white Flag, fpoke to them, and gave them to under/land, thai ihoje Lands belonged to France, and that his Orders were to bid them depart, frhereupon the English deftred to ffeak with the French General Af. de Lacorne having had Intelligence of the. - Alarch, alfo camt thtre^ deftring himfelf, to have a Conference wiih the Englifll Gene- ral. After fome jhort Difcourfe betzveeh'the Subalterns, Major Lawrence agreed to the Conferencey and M. de la Corne met him half Way. The Englifli Cornmander told M. la Corne, ih(it he wasfurpriz- $4 at their Jetting Fire to Bcau-baffin, and to find the French en Engliih Territories j that General CotnwaW'is had given him Orden ta bid him withdraw ; that it luas contrary to the Law. of Nations ; md contrary to fujiice, to take Pojfejfion ofthofe Territoriesy andtt tnceuragt the Indians to a War againjl the Englifh. Tke F rencli General anftvered Major Liwrence, that he aught n$t to be furprixed to find him in the Forts which he poJMed ; and that M de ]<( Jonquiere had acquciinttd Governor Cornwallis thereof, before ; that it was without any Foundation he repoached him with the Commotions of the Acadians, that he had no Part there- »«, nor in Jetting Bcau-baffin on Fire, that the Indians were the file jfuthors thereof; moreover, that his Orders were to allow no Englifli to.maieany Dtfcent upon that Coajl, which belonged to France, and tt repel Force by Force. Hereupon, the two Commanders parted, and Major Lawrence made a Signal for bis Troops to etnbark, whicH 9fas immediately done. This is a particular Account of what happened in that Adventure, inCpnfequsnct of which. Governor Cornwallis thought proper to be thefirji in fending Contplaints ; what he faid himfelf as to the Mar cH tf his Troops, is right; but from thence it follows, that the French did not enter the Peninfula «; Acad i a, as was fet forth ; they had hi Hand in the Outrages committed by the Indians, nor in the Commo- 4ions of the Acadians j it is therefor* with the grtateji Inju/lice that Gtvernir Govet his en What welli Th andtl. Hew- Part. Th Lend ration in the. Aa wallii Inhab whoa Wi in tht Atten quier td, it Th thath more forth Govei ties 01 nijlto Tf. mate Forct ampli fuch , pendt theyt edof, vern Ma) fP quie £xd who vina - mffm wi W^'T'yB" ■"" t?^W W" ■iP'ft'^iV^^ Tfjreats of Govti'Htf ojeSiSt exafperated iht ffome Parts «/" Acadia, of that Government^ ■ bilonring to the French It Muflcetto Harbour ; bafliii, fhc Inhabitant^ the Indians immediatelj }iid. I his Englifti Trocps on ieau-fcjour. TheCap- "lag, /poke to them, and id'jp.gcd to France, ani ith the French General. hv. " Alarch, alfo canu tvith the Englifti Gene' the Subalterns f Major '. dc la Come met him le, ih(it he wasfurpriz- to find the French on His had given him Or den to the Law .of Nations ; tbofe TerriteritSy andtt Englifh. vrence, that he aught 'juhich he poffefjed \ mi ' Governor Corn Willis foundation be repoached hat he had n» Part there- ihe Indians were thefole were to allow no Englifli belonged to Frznce, and Commanders parted, and 'oops to embark, which bened in that Adventure, ^llis thought proper to be d himfelf as to the MarcS 'allows, that the French 7S fetforti ; they bad nt ins, nor in the Commo- tht greateji Injuftice that Gevermr f ( 55 ) Goviruor Cornwall is attributes the Caufes thefeoj^, to the French ; his own CunduSl totvards tbofe People, being the Jole Occajian thereof. What is here advanced, concerning the Condu£i of that Governor, is well known, having been puUickly related at London. The Preparations which thefaid Governor was making for JVar^ gnd the Occafwn thereof , were inferted in the Gazette at Bo&on, in New-England, and were looked upon as an A61 of Hojiility on his Part. The xdth oflafl Auguft, Letters from Halifax were printed in London, containing, not only a particular Account of all the Prepa- rations of that Expedition, but alfo an Affair which hadpreceededit, inthe Peninfula aforjfaid, between /Af Englifli Trco^j <7«rf//>;lndians. According to the Tejlimonies of tbofe very Letters, Governor Corn- wallis a^ed againji thofe Indians, as in a Time of open War, The Inhabitants of his own Government, and even theje French themfelves who are the King'4 Subje£is, were no better ufed. We have Account: from elfewhere, that it was currently reported in that Country, that the fame Governor had laid a Scheme for othtr Attempts, and bv a Letter which he wrote to the Marquis de la Jon- ^uiere, dated the yh of May, 0. S. a Copy of which is here annex- id, it is apparent how little he was inclined to a Peace, TheKinghas Reafon to hope for Jujlicifrom his Britannic Majejty^ that he will give Governor Cornwallis Orders to obferve a Cendu£i more moderate, and more agreeale to the Intentions of the two Courts^ for the Efiablijhment of Peace, and that he will not allow the faid Governor to take Meafures fo contrary to thf Stipulations of the Trea- ties of Utrecht and Aix-Ia-Chapelle, and to the Deftgn oftbatCom- mijjion which is fettled at Paris. The King ispleaftdto repeat here, that Jhould any of his Officers make any Attempt of that Kind, when there is to NeceJJity to repel Force by Force, his Majejly would not hejitate to make apublick Ex- ample ofthenfi^ He has renewed his Orders to them on that Head, in fuch a Manner, that they will not infringe them : It may be alfo de- pended upon^ that in their Correfpondence with the Britifti Officers^ they will never make Ufe of fuch Declamations as could not be approv- ed of, even inthe fmartefl War. The Stile of the Letter which G»- verner Cornwallis ftnt to M. de la Jonquiere, dated Halifax* May the ^th, O. S. we leave to his Maje/iy to judge of. We Jhall conclude with this Obfervation : WhenM.. de la ]on- Kmiert:.had received Orders from his mofi Chriftian Majefiy, for an Exchange ofPrifoners laft Winter, he lent, without Delay, all thofe who were tn his Cuflody, to an Englifh Officer belonging to the Pro- vince o/'New-York. ; and gave the JlriSlefl Orders throughout his ^fvtrnmentj thai the readiejl Metheds mi^ht be tickenftr theRtuimp- ■# ■ i m p ij ii :f » mm C 56 ) fmef/uckhngy^ Pri/onersas were in the Cujiody of the Indian Nations. .TMshedidy without waiting for Seturities^ which he had\ m Right / dtm«ndfrem the |£ng|iih Governors. By this the Engliih JUitt^ry may feet the good Difpofitions of the French Governor., as\ fdfo what Orders mere given birnj relating to every Thing that might I itnd to a Union between the two Nations. . The Engliib Govtrmrs^ 'tis to be hopedy have been as diligent and faithful intending Home the French Prtfoners ; the EnRlifli Courts no Doubt, will be ready,, whatever happens, to renew Weir Orders ! U their faidGovernorSt to prevent all future Complaints en that Head. NUMB. V. '^n Extract of the Examination of four Englifti fra- ' ders, who were arrefiedon the Territories of Franccf. ON the 19th Day of June, 1751, i^ the Forenoon, Ixfore us the Marquis de la Jonqutere, Knight of the Eoyal and Military Order of Saint Lewis, Adnftiral, and Lieutenant Governor of all New -France, JJleRoyak, and the Territories of Louijianna \ as alfo in the Prefencc pf Baron de Lonqueil, Governor of the City and Province joi Montreal, and Mr. Varin, a Direftor of Affairs in ,ihe City aforefaid, at a touncil held in the Cattle of VfiudreuiU the Place of our Abode, in A/(?«/r^Br//o/», he in that Manner pro- nufiKi and fwore, that he would tell us the Xriith.. "^ We t Tlofe Examinations ittill prove, thatEngWIhTradirt could ohhiji esiietnce from the Goverkor of Pcnnfylvania, in order ti'troditn .^tnachSerritories, and that he.had a Spy, inbofit £ujhtefi it *iiUU to [pvePr^tntt to Iwixxci there refidLug, to fir them up to War. iia/ ::■ '-".s ..,^!»^«iiik.wr:'<^ kdy of the Indian I rities^ tuhith he had\ BythistheEngWihl ench Governor^ as •y Thing that might t been as diligent and the EnKlifli Courts renew weir Orders ilaints on that Head. our Englifti ^rd- r/« of Franccf. ip the Forenoon, ieref Knight of| Lewis, Adnftiral, 'ancCj IJle RoyaU, I fo in the Prefencc ' Zity and Province or of Affairs in in the Cattle of I '/(?«/r^ods to be better bid them ; that four Yean, as tion, whidh was ( 6i ) To which he anfwered •, that in the Year 1 749, he •was at Sufquibannab, in the Province of Pennlyhania^ where he had heard that M. de Celeron was at the QhiOf but further faid not. '. . Then was read before the faid Jofepb For finer ^ the whole Examination, and his Anfwcrs, &fr. The third Englijhman appearing before us, we garc him to underftand by the Interpretation of faid Maddox^ that he mud be qualified to anfwer us truly, whatever Quel- tions we (hould aflc him, towhicii he readily agreed^ &r« Being afked his Name, i^c. He anfwered, that his Name was Thomas Burk^ aged Twenty-three Years, .a Traveller, a Native o\ Cork^ in Ireland^ and now an Inhabitant of Laneajier, in (he Province of Pennftlvania. He was examined on the firfV Queftion, which was read to him Word for Word. To which he anfwered } that he had left Ireland almoft Eight Years, that it was fcarce ten Months fince he left Hufquebannaby thap he was hired by "John Martin, an Englijhmany who traded at the Ohio^ that he fer out with two other hired Servants, in order to trade near Otfan- dojkety and from thence intended to return to hancajter. He was examined on the third Queftion, which wai read to him Word for Word. To which he anfwered \ that he had no other Com- pany with him than the two afbrefaid Englijhmen ; that his EflFeds, including hisHbrfes, might be valued at Fifteen Hundred Livres, but he had left them all at a fmall River, about two Leagues from where the Rev. Father de la Ricbardie had wintered, in the Care of two Englijhmeny Who as foon as ttiey had heard that Warrants were iflued out to take them, had left all and fled v that the aforefaid Goods were the Property of the faid Martin, he having bought them of two different Merchants in Philadelphia, the Name of ohe he remembred was Shippen ; that he had a Licence from the Governor of Penn/ylvania, buc had left i; at fvd River with his Eff?^s. ■jfr. ^, '?^> -,.. cm '.:7 -\i&iV„ ff\ i • liif J* I I ( 62 ) ilc was examined on tlic eighth Qucftion, £«rV. To which he anrwcmi j that he had heard ot M. %ii ;^i^ lie had It in a little I He wj reai! tu hi To wh the India) othrr ad), coming ti trade wit.'i and agree never und Me wa read to hi To wl Governor the head Thouland Woods V ordc" to d are fettled Miamis 1 ing any I He wa Fortt by < Fort, and there ? To wh French wi going to himfelf ai faid Fort, The InJian throughout or to the'i any Indiam firethefcL in order co fo many Ei pcrly (peak Permiiiiion. ard oi M. di ■ ^tttr he had hat it was in- otgt Cro^hatt^ if it had ever rk, the whole .fore us, who r, Sir -Name, Patten^ aged ative and In- Penn/ylvania. I, which was t hf^ilmington^ out in orcer re fettled on ar as he could n, which was him two hired ith an Engltjh caipe together d upwards of in Cabins be- >Iame of their ins were in a rjted Co about ded himfelf at rnor of Pentf- which LicenA he thofc Licences, j ided on Treaties. • Th« \ . • ( 63 ) • • lie had left with the abo^efaid Miamis Indians^ fliut up in a little Box of his in his Cabin. He was examir.cd on the third Qutftion, which wai reail to him Word for Word. '1 o winch heanlvvcrcd, that he had fold fomc Goods to the Indiaus who art* fettled on i\\tOhio^ Rock- River, and othrr adjdcc'nt I'arts ; that it was the fnft Time of hii coming to Rock- River -, and the only Way he ufed to trade wit.'i the Indtans, was by (hewing thcn» his Goods, and agreeing with thtrv as to the Price ; but that he had never undervalued the French Goods. Me was examined on th- fourth Queftion, wkich wa» read to him Word for Word. To which he anfwered > i>e had only heard that the Governor of Pennfylvania had intruded George Crogban^ the head Indian Interpreter, with Goods to the Value of a Thouland Piftoles ; and that he went up and down the Woods with the faid Montour, a French Canadian, in order to diftribute the faid Good? among the Indians who ari; fettled on the Ohio^ Rock-River, and particularly the Miamis Indians, and further fa'.th not ; he denied kn*)W- ing any Indian Language. He was afked if he had not been arrefted in the Mittmis Fortt by Order of M. de Villi !rs. Commander of the faid Fort, and was it not with Intention to trade, that he went there ? To which he anfwered, that the Indians telling him the French were defirous to fee him, was th^ Reafon of his going to that Fort •, that he was greatly furprized to fee himfelf arrefted therein ; that he had Occafion to buy in faid Fort, a Mufkec and fome Tobacco, and had taken with The InJiam having no Territories of their own, can freely trad* throughout every Part of the Country, whether belonging to iheEng/iJi or to the FrtHck. As to the Eurofean Nations, none can trade wi^h any Indiam, except thofe who are on their own Territories. There- fire- thefe Letters of Licence granted to Traders by Englilh Governors, in order to permit them to trade on Lands poflefled by the Frtnch, are fo many Enierprizes and Ufurpationi : I'hofe Englijh Traders, pro* pcrly (peaking, kept up a Contraband-Tradc with their Goveruw's Pcrnaiiiiion. _ i' •« PPWW" (iin»i"i|i»»iiiiiii«M i \ : 4 !^* ( 64 ) with him five Silk Caps, one Piece of coarfc Hellatid, and iwdvcSiliclIamlkarchicfs for that Purpofc. and that all had been fci«cd by the faid M. de VtllUrs, as alio his Horfe i that his Boots and Portmanteau, wherein his Clothes were, had been left in an 7«^« becornc of thb reft i it might be, his Servants had carried them away "" nVwa^sextined on the eighth Queftion. i^hich wai read to him Word for Word. . . .u. ni.:» ;« To which he anfwered, that he was not at the 0/«* m in the Year 1740, that he was told of M. le Celoron s\ being there at 'tt'a; Time, and of -hat Orders he ha enjoined the Englijh Traders -. that he had alfo been told of the Letter which M. le Celeron had written to the Go- vernor of Pennjylvania on that Account, but was infprm-i ed he had never received it j Crogban, the chief lnt"P'^^^"^| t i« -'•»'■-*•, is ths Name of a Place fignlfying in Etiglijhrkt CroEi. '*:-■ <*i.- > - % » ti i>.s L^i, ^4>Jk ' fc Hellandt anil ] ife, and that all ersy as alio his I rrcin his Clothes il were to have ad any Tidings | Ifo been taken s his Guide. ic had propofed 'refents had not | I»erfon, to the Rock-River, in the French t in :o every Thing I had been feizcd Fort at MiamiSy mc, which were* | }e Mentigny, an which had been left his Goods at ods nnentioned in his, but in much t was become of irried them away lion, ilrhich was ot at the Obit in I • M. /* Celoren*s t Orders he had lad alfo been told ritten to the Go- but was infprm- le chief Interpre- ter inf»^///tKeCroi«. f tcr iforcfi 1 not know I to ad agr Then ^ [minacion, I inclined U he anfwcr it; and fu I the head 1 Uians CO d I them by t Ihad been I [Country ; iThing he ■Trade, ai Idians : Ai jwritten to Ihad been i Ivernor, b Ibid him t Said A [the Baron [interpnte D.y. Mi Saint Sau A SUMMO tfthe Int tnander i^ tnander t whereof i JTSJOTH] •*-^ temf^i ; that wl] Captain of ^anada^ tl • This i pow he ha be diilri ■ ■ i >p i i |i i»y i! >jtn i « iir .»',tw p' »i 'ii '. «Bi» i s.c Crowns of Great-Briuvn and Frame ; though, Sir, the Maintainance thereof, may be as advantageous to your Nation ^' However, Sir,' if you are come vefted with any Orders to this Place, I fummons you from the King my Malier, by Vntue of the Urdcrs which I have from my General, peaceably to with- draw jourfelf, and your Troops, from the King s Territories, if Hot; I (hall be under a Necefiity, for the Performance of my Du- ty, to oblige you thereto. 1 hope. Sir, you will not,pro!ong thtf Time, and thereby force me to Extremes : You may, Sir, in tfcat Ca'e, be fully perluadcd, 1 fhall give fuch Orders to my Detach- ment, that you (hall receive no Damage thereby. ■Sir, Uive you Notice now, that it will be to no Purpofe to . demand one Hour's Delay, or to exped I fhal» confent to your Stay, until vou receive Orders from your Governor, for none he can pive uj-on the Lands of the King my Mafter. The Orders I ha^>e received from my General, are a Law to me; therefore, Sir, I cannot go from them. ^ , -r i But if, on the Cijntrary, you have no Orders ; if you are only . come here to trade, i am forry to inform P^, ^hatlam obhged to ^ feizeyo.u I'dfon, and to coniifote yourEffcfls to the U(e of the htiiJns, 'vho are our Children, our Allies, and our Friends, as vou are not permitted to follow any illicit Trade. It was^for that very Reafon, Sir, that two Enghjfmin v>txt by - usarrefted laft Year, for trading on our Lands Furthermore, the Kina my Mafter, dcmands\)nly what is his Right : His In- - tentions are not to interrupt that g.^od Harmony knd Fnendfliip fubfiiting between his Majelty and the King of Great-Bntain. The General of Canada, can give Proofs in what Manner he , concurieth to keep up the Union exifting between the two Prin- ces ; for having been informed, 'that fome Inaiam o^rhz hm j\auens, in Company with Come Nepijftngues, from the Lake of the two Mountains, had tallen upon, and dejlroyed an br>i,!tjh ramily towaftds Garolina j he ftopped their Paflage, and obliged r 4^ /^^ %^s!miffi'i>:i*^*'-~^-^ "" " — ,.:%W,'V.»,, them to del who was tl by Mr. UU treat. Moreove ufual Crue! complain. Year to th( were biify i Sir, I ai polite Mar Diftindiior back to m pa£t Anfv you, I ferw quaint ther Pone I A Copy < « ^ BE itKi theDe Ohio^ Fort Orders to immediate! one Englifl. as the Higi keep along Hangard ; Road wbic As the Ind tack us (w M. de Jm tempt inte ing to the deliver the We furl before the ries he hat rions; an fible Dilij -■''^»/»i ifan King. • mes a.e contriv- ■ Trade more in ony exilting be- though, Sir, tha I to your Nation ny Orders to this ler, by Viitue of :accab!y to with- g's Territories, if nance of my Du- ll not_pro!ongthtf I may, Sir, in tJiJat rs to my Detach- by. to no Purpofe to i> confent to your :rnor, for none he ler. The Orders to me ; therefore, •s; if you are only hat I am obliged to ;s to the Uleofthe nd our Friends, as ie. lnglij})men were by ds. Furthermore, lis Right : His In- )ny knd Friendfliip f Great-Britain. I what Manner he veen the two Prin- Indians of the Six from the Lake of ertroyed an En^lijh iflage, and obliged ., -^,•■ ■..-• . { ey ) ^-■: - ^ - • them to deliver him tip a littlcBoy belonging to that Family, and who was the only one left alive ; he was biought back to Brjhn^ by Mr. Ultrich, who was then upon fome Negotiatioo at Moh- treal. Moreover, he has ftri£lly forbidden all Indians toexercife their ufual Cruelties on thole Englijh who arc our Friends. 1 could complain. Sir, of the many Solicitations you have made laft Year to the Indians^ to take up the Hatchet againft us, whilft wc were biify in maintaining Peace. . Sir, I am perfuaded that you will receive M./f Mercier, in a polite Manner, on Account of his Commiflion, as alio of his Diltindtion and perfonal Merit ; and I expc l l *W, l <» i . l '>MI I «W»IW W| il l W «-N (. c> • ( 68 ) If Mr. de JumonvilU fliould hear that the Englijh intend t« g» on the other Side of the Great- Alcuntain, * he {hall not pafs. the H ;'h-LanJ llll l ( i m i m yi v i .n »r |i^ ^. ing, to From an the Corn- el on thi TerritorUs you were coming y Mader, though eave no Stone un- I have fertr out Mr. he ihould fee you, Virtue of «ie Or- to c^epart forth fe, you will oblige he moft powerful Your buying thofe )U fo weak a Right ! by Force. I fbre- h (hall be the )aft, :r for it ; as it is between the two I hope, Sir, you : Officer deferves, with all Speed, tq artiy (ifc. I^ONTRECOEUR. Zdo/Mayt 1754. iy M. dc Centre* ( ^9 ) i/ Letter yjf* to the Mq'guit du Quefnij coeur, J<}i'^J June 2 fclves, as it rained hard. About feven o'Clock the ntAt Morn- ing, they fr>w theiTi'elves furrounded by the £«^///2>on oneSid« and the Ind am on the Other. The Englijh gave them two Volleys, b it the Indians did not fire. Mr. de Jumonville^ by his Interpret! , told thejn to dclill, that he had fomething to tell them. Li (on which they ccafed fii ing. Then Mr. de Jumon^ vitle ordered the Summons which 1 had fent them to retire, to be read ; a Copy of which, I here fend your Honour. The aforcfaid iWa/iiffla, faw a'.l our Frenchmen coming up. clofe to yit. de Jumottville, whilftthey were reading the Summons, fo that they were all in Platoons, between the Englijh and the /«- dianst during which Time, f4id Monceau made the bcft of his Way to us, partly by Land through the Woods, and partly along the River Menaurgaheia, m a fmall Canoe. This is all. Sir, I could learn from friid A/swr^rw. The Mis- fortune is, that our People were furi>r zed ; the Englijh had in- circled them, and came upoVi them uufeen. I have this Moment, Sir, received a Letter from M. de la Chuuvigneriey which you have here inclofed, where you will fee, that we have certainly loft Eighi Men, one of whdm is Mr." de Jumonville. The Indians who were prefent when the Thing was done, fay, that Mr. de Jumonville wis killed by aMufket-^Shot in theHead, whilft they were reading the Summons ; and that the Englijh would afterwards have killed ail our Men, had not the Indians who wo-e |)refeiit, by ruftiing in between tbemand the Englijhy prevei^ted their l>efign. Meffrs. Drouillon and la Force^ are taken Prifoners. We cannot ^ell, if Meffrs. de^Boucerville and du Sa- ile^ both Cadets, are in the Number of the Light who arc kil- led. This is the Account which the Indians have given us. I believe, Sir, it will furprize you to hear how bafely the ^£«^//^ have adled ; it is what was nev,er feen, even amongft Nations who are the leaft civilized, to fall thus upon Embafla- dors, ■k^.,' 1 1 M^ >' /, •'*' ( 70 ) ; idors and murcler them, ^be Indians ire fc enraged^ thereat, that thi-y I) ive r4>i)!icd lo we for Liberty to fall upon the EngUfln I had (em Crop-^ivin^ a.'i Itieiian Chief, to hold a Council at his Village, nil (he Aftiun aforci'aid j b»it he is returned, and is now corrft.-mtly wiili me. The Enyli/h are, no Doubt, on their March, with an Army of Fix f Ihcniiand ftroiig. The hdicms layy they have always Six Huiiili -li \ien j^oingbefoie, in oidcr to clear a Broad- Road, to liiiM:Mip I'r .It;;, CminDn ; this was the Incitan Expreihon As 1 am ccirani \\\t F.'icjylj •-y. in their March, I wrote to M. Pean to coin!- I ' lit- wiih ;ii! i;ii.gepce with the Provifions, and to fi id usTiuoc Mjtuiif.d fv''.'i\, titlier l>y Land or by Water. I al o \vrotc toiVl. rtfVC/vr.yWT'i///-, that, it IM. Pem was not at T^'idi-i'H'tiiri, ho jlioijl'' r.iji.c with t'nc lanu-. fif umber of Men, a« 1 vxnitc roM, PiiiJ>: i r. * . It the- Diicovcjy whi'-h ha^ ro.ft our Pe>i, Ic fo dear, Vtid not been n>-':'li-. the kri'^^iijh vvouki n^iCe c^nic upon us unawares;^ but now we ihatl be viiiiiaiit !! Accounts. VVe arc ^oldthat the Main-liotlv of" ilic Ainiy isyci iai iJiihint, that it will b«. one '*'in!)iii if ait nt'fcic thry if-a-h ;hi. PLce. 'Tis f«iiu iucjt ^STG' ■i^^'•:v.^^TanariJj^lm, u,' ihc River Monautlgahela. This A'lv'ic' vc-havc Uom t'nc /«.-'(7«i, uho alfo fay, that the Eng- lij?} hj\'. yj-,-n V^(^^) Vcn Co ihi/fiws, and Thirty Flat-Hrads, of the- ncii'elc f> uliciv., a!i.i OneHundied Men of the Dog Nu- iion ; \vhK-!ipiit:i \\\tV'\ in hi^-'n Spiiits,- as they are aU Enemiei to tlie In J. .'I".! whfi \\y: '>n \.\u- ilivcr. 'Tis faiil \\\zLn'Jjh iinetui to build a Fort half a' Leagu* above ns 'in;^ an.jtiu r a !i.tijt: more than hall a League below U, which IS at ilicL/Vi/r-A't./, hei-.dcs anoiher at fcmefmall Dif- tance alonj^ihe K.'Ci /Jii/JTK^v^/Wtf, on the fame Side that w« are.* • ! {hall acquaint your Honour, at every Opportunity, ofevcrjj Thing that IS done, ^c. \^' - ^' N u M B. vin. T'i?? fouRNAi. f/" Mj/V Wafliingtonr ON the ^ ill of March, I receivecl from his Honour \ . A L.ieutenaflt (. olonc I's Commiflion, of the Fir- ginia Regiment, Vvhtreot J'fJm.t Fry, Efq; was Coionel, dated jhe j 5th •, with Ortkrs to take the Troops, which were at th xt Time qu irtercd at Akxandrin^ under my Cptnmand, and to march with them tow.^rds the Ohio^ * Governor Dttfjuidiiu, Ki Firginiai thCTC there to h( the Poirefl Huftilities /Ipril il murch ao two Com] hogy and two Serjei Hundred Gcntlemiii by one Li Soldiers. Welef {)ur jC«;ni travelled 1 (From this Jourr how they by Cafjtai The t Captam 1 ^ith all ^ Hundred Arrival o "Whenl r to Colont The 2C Detachmi was taker Mr. fVar obliged t( and upwa who was with Sixt having pi afterward ■ Mr. h ftcdfallly ^.:- -■.'^'kdft,.- ij-8^*'''*'* "' ed thereat, that the Englii/ht I Council at hit neJ, and it! now with an Army :y have always r a Broad- Road, Expreilion As /rote to i\4. Pean vifions, and to by Water. I nn was not at ibcr of Men, a« dear, hid not us unawares ;, tVc arc ^old that that it will b« 'Tis fur jCents about four Miles' from Cameron^ having traveUed fix Miles. (From the :}d of Aprils to the 19th of faid Month, this Journal only contairis the March of the Troops, and how they were joined by a Detachment which was brought by Captain Stevens.) The 19th, Met an Exprefs who had Letters from Captain Trent ^ at^he Obio^ demanding a Reinforcement^ iwith all Sppfd, as he hourly expetUd a Body of Eight Hundred French. I tarried at Job Pearfal/'s for the Arrival of the Troops, where they came the next Day. "When I rrcrivcd the above Exprefs, 1 difpatchfd a Courier . to Colonel /-ry, to give him Notice o\ it. The 20th, Came down to Co\ond^re/apy to order the Detachment, and on my Rout, had Notice that the Fort was taken b, the French. That News was confirmed by Mr. fFart, the Enfign of Cap'^jn Trent, who had beett obliged to iurrendcr \o a Body of One Thoufand French and upwards, under tiie Command ot Gaptain.Ccw/r^w^ar, who was cc-me from Venaxgo (in French, the Pcninfula) with Jsxty Battot's, and T'Inee Hundred Canoes, and who having planted eif^.hteen fitcts ot Cannon againft the Fort, attePivards had f^nt him a Summons to depart. Mr. Wart alio informed me, that t\v* Indians kept (kcdfallly aitached to our Intereft. He jroughttwo you*g ■ . InduM t m- '■ .■..ife«'"-- i'7t ( 72 ) frtcitijfi Men with hiii, who* were Minffoes^ that they mi;^Iu have the Satistadion to fee that wc were marching with our Troops to tlieir Succour. He alio delivtnd mii the tollowing Speech, which the Half'Knq Lni to nis: t- , . •4 • Frrt-ObiOf Jpril i%th^ '754' A Speech /rcw v^f Half Ki g, for the Governor} of Virginia and ''cnnfylvania. MY Brethren the En^ljh ' The Bearer will let you underftand in what vlantier the French have treated US, We waited a long lime, thinking they would come and attack us ; we now ke how ihey have a Mind to ufe us §. We are now ready to fall upon them, waiting oM'/ for your Succour. Have good Courage, and come as foon as pofTible ; you will Bncj us as ready to encounter witk them as you are your f elves. We have fent thofe two young Men to Tee if you are ready to come,, and if fo, they arc to return to iis, to let us know where you are, that we may come and join you. "We (hould be glad, if the Troops btlongirg to the two Provinces could meet together at the Kort which is in the Way. If you do not coine to our Afliftance now, we are intirely undone, and imagine we fhall never meet together again. I fpealc it with a Heart full of Grief, A Belt ot fVdippu^.\\ The Half-King difefled to me the tollowing Speech.' . I am reiady^ if yoU think it proper, to'jgo xCf both rfie Governors, with thefe two yoiing Men, for I haychow no more Dependance on thoftj who have been gone fo longi, ' without returringqp fendiing any McffagQ. " ; . J Belt of fFampum. . ''April i Thh TM/ Kirg was an I^vfiar^Chief to whom ^tEngliJh had . giJ'en that Title, and had fl^t.him on e;«cccc!ingl> againft the French. J fifhold here is a ConfJrlHon of that Goodnei"S; witj» Which the French had treated the lnditi> % which h id revolted. Thofe Indians cxpedtcd to/be porfucd ; fiirpuztd at the Indulgence oi iY^eFren.^,. - they propore to atuck them ti. infclves, and act^uainc the £/.;g<'^ of th;;ir Refulutibn. M, that they ivere marching ;ch, which the 8 /A, 1754.- Governor^ of rcr will let you ch have treated fould come and ind to ufe us §« aiting oMy for J come as fopn encounter laitk fee if you arc n to lis, to let e and join you. ,irg to the two : which is in the ice now, we are r meet together ef, ot fVdnipu^.,^ lowing Speech. ;o .t(y both riic for 1 haKe how rn gone fj longji 9f fVampMtn. . ^jlprii m thc£«p/y* had jainft the F'ench. 1^; witb Which ths ;d. i'hcfe Indians !nce of |he frenrS,_ iiainc ihc E,:glijh of w ( 73 ) • . •,. ~ April 43d. A Council of War held at WilU-Cntk^ in order to confult upon what muft be done on Account of the News brought by Mr. Wart^ The News brought by Enfign }Vart^ having been examined into, as alio the Summons fent by Captain Con- trecoeur^ Commander of the French Troops, and the Speeches of the Half-King^ and of the other Chiefs of the Six-Nations % it appears, that Mr. IVarty was forced to furrender the faid Fort, the 1 7th of this Inftant, to the French^ who were above One Thoufand ftrong, and had eighteen Artillery Pieces, fome of which were nine Poun- ders f , and.alfo that the Detachment of the Virginia Re- giment, amounting to One Hundred |nd Fifty Men, commanded by Colonel fVaJhington had Orders' to rein- force the Company of Captain Trent^ and that the afore- faid Garrifon confided only of Thirty- three efFedlive Men. It was thought a Thing imprafticable to march towards the Fort without fufficient Strength *, however, being (Irongly invited by the Indians^ and particularly by the Speeches of the Half-King^ the Prefident giave his Opinion, that it would be proper to advance as far as Red-Stoni' Creeks on Monaungabela, about Thirty-feven Miles on this Side of the Fort, and there to raife a FortiBcation, clearing a Road broad enough to pafs with all our Artillery and our Baggage, and there to wait for frefti Orders. The Opinion aforefaid was refolved upon, for the following Reafons •, ijiy That the Mouth of Red-Stone is the firft con- venient Place on the River Monaungahela. 2dy That Stores are already built at that Place for the Provifions of the Company, wherein our Ammunition n^ay be laid up •, our great Guns may be alfo fent by Water w 'eneverwt (hould think it convenient to attack the Fort. 3u, We may eafily (having all thefe Conveniences) preferve our People from the ill Confequences of Inadion, and encourage the Indians our Allies, to remain in our L Intereft. t Captain Trtnt, and Enfign Wart had greatly exaggerated the Trench Forces. Which is common enough tor People to do, who abandon their Fort at a bare bummons. ^. *"»■ •■■ 4.-^«, ,.^(ft-^— ...i-vi- ,- , : ' < ' i 'lli m il^lpl ^ ^ ti i J. fl |>i | y ii n > ■«>■■« « n . ■ii i^i ii y mi i u w » i ynt I B Wx *v ( 74 ) Intcrefts. Whereupon, I fcnt Mr. fFarf to the Govcri« nor, t, with one otthe young Indians and an Interpreter : 1 thought ir proper alfu to aconaint the Governors of Maryland and Pennf)hania of the News ; and I fent away the other Indian to the Half-Kingt with the Speeches inclofcd in the following Letter, *ro tbt Honourable Robert Uinmddic, Efq\ Governor ^ C^e. S I R, MR. fVarty an Enfign of Captain Trent's Company, is this Day come from Monaungahela^ anil has brought the forrowful News of tlv* Redu^ion of the Fort, on the 17th of this Inft.mi ; having been fummoned by Captain Contrecofur to furrtnder to a Body of French 1 roops who were a Thoufand (Irong, who came from Venango^ with eighteen Fitces of Cannon, fixty Battoes, andTiiree Hundred Canoes ; they permitted all our Men to retirf, and take with them their Working-Tools cut ot.the Fort, which was done the fame Day. Upon receiving this News, I called a Council of War, in order to coiil'ult what was the bed to be done in fuch Circumflances ; and have fent you a particular Account of evt-ry Fhing agreed upon at the faid Council by the fame Exi)refs that you may know Things yet more particularly. Mr (Vart is the Ikarer of the Summons, asalfo of the Speech from the Half- King^ wherein 1 inclofed the Wam- pum -, he is in Company with one ot thofe Indians men- tioned in the Speech, who had been fent to fee our Forces, and to know what Time they might expeA us \ the other Indian^ 1 have lent back with a Meflage. I hope you will find it neceflfary, co fend us our Forces as foon as they arc raifed, as alfo a fufficient Number of Canoes, and other Boats with Decks ; fend us alio fome Mortar- Pieces, that we may be in a Condition to attack the French with equal Forces. And as we are informed that the Indians of the 5Vx Nations^ and the Outawas, are coming down Sciodt- Creek\ in order to join the French who are to meet at the Ohio ; fo I think it would not be amifs to invite the t /ijc Goveraof of Firgm* is Jxere uaderfiood. Cberokte* *f) Oa./V^ ^^<**-* Hu. ift ««i> *■( •% .-• ^./. %■■■ JT/I '¥ «.«, 'J?iV/ i>t*>- Am «>s Cherokee Afliftanc iii no go of the Si them to fhould nr and turn Wcfii riage, v Number This 1 7r/»/, w Troops ; Itno Shii Pay; fr, To his E: S I I AM I andF the remai however, clearing t the great as Red-S Thirty-fi have tak carried a Ohio Ci and Pro Befid( Reafon heard, 1 alfb lean wais In order to fne r.jad iji^^^f^ •m^ the Cover* Interpreter : Governors of and I fenc \gf with the • t /'s Company, hela^ anil has m of the Fort, fummoned by iy of Freucb ho came from fixty Battoes, ed all our Men .ing-Tools out • • juncil of War, le done in fuch icular Account )cil by the fame >re particularly, s, as alfo of the ofed the Wam- fe Indians men- fee our Forces, k us \ the other 1 hope you will foon as they are [loes, and other rtar-Pieces, that 'emh with equal e Indians of the jg down Sciodt' t to meet at the lifs to invite the i, Cberokttt *''/ U* ' '' ( 75 ) ' ' Cherehes, CatatohaSy and the Chickafaws to come to our Affiftance i and as I have rtceivcci Inttlligcncr, that there iti no good Undcrftanding between them and the Indians of the Six Nations aforelaid, it would be well to pcrlwade them to make a J'cace with them j otherwitc if they (hoiild meet at the Ohio, it might caufe great Diforder, and turn out to our Uifadvaniage. We find the great Advantage there is in Water-Car^ riage, wherefore, I would remind you to provide a Number of Boats for that Purpofc. This Day, arrived the Men belonging to Captain 7rr»/, who by your Orders had been inlift.o as Militia- Troops •, the Officers having imprudently promifed them *rno Shillings per Day, they now retufc tofervc for Icfs Pay i fVart Ihall receive your Orders on that Head. to bis Excellency Horatio Sharpe, Governor of Maryland. S I R, I AM here arrived with a Detachment of One Hundred and Fifty Men : Wc daily expedt Colonel Fry with the remaining Part of the Regiment and the Artillery \ however, we (hall march gently a-crols the Mountains, clearing the Roads as we go^, that our Cannon may with the greater Eafe be fent alter us •, we propofc to go as far as Red-Stone River y which falls into Monaungahela, abuut Thircy-fcvcn Miles this Side of the Fort which the French have taken, from thence all our heavy Luggage may be carried as far as the Ohio. A Store is built there by the Ohio Company, wherein may be placed our Amnuinition . - and Provifions. Befides die French Forces above mentioned, we have Reafon to believe, according to the Accounts we have heard, that another Party is coming to the Ohio •, wc have alfo learnt that Six Hundred of the CW/potf^iw and Olio- wais Indians^ are coming d9W.n th<; River Sciodo, in order to join them, -rf ^. "' • ' The ■ S How can the ingliji fay that Country v tM^^ir^ ? Tbey ha4 no* f ne P.jadieacling to it from their Cojlonies. ; «, '^; >^^.0^ ^^*- ^"^ L^/( (Q.4/,tr-«> K^Af*^ v^A-*..A /*// ^-, ^ \ » ) .,,*«* ( 76 ) The following ii my Anfwcr vo the Speech of the Half- King ; •* To the Half King, and to the Chiefs and Warriors of the Shajjanefe and Loups our Friends and Brethren. I received your Speech by Brother Bucksy who came to us I with the two young Men Hk Days after their Departure from you. We return you our greateft Thanks, and our Uearts arc Bred with Love and Affedlion towards you, in uratitudr for your conftant Attachment to us, as alfo your | gracious Speech, and you; wife Counfels. This young Man will into: m you, where he found a fmall Part of our Army, making towards you, clearing | the Roads for a prtrat Number of our Warriors, who are ready to follow u :,' with our great Guns, our Ammuni- tion and Frovifions. As' I delight in letting you know with fpced the Thoughts of our Heart, I fend you backj this young Man, with this Speech, to acquaint you there- with, and the other young Man 1 have fcnt to the Gover- nor of Virginia^ to dv!t -cr him your Speech and yourl Wfmpum, and to be an hye-witnefsofthofe Preparation?! we are making, to come \x\ all Haflte to the Afliflance of I thofe vhofe Intered is as dear to us as our Lives. Wcf know rh? Charadler of the treacherous Frf»fi>, andouij Condud ih.i!I plainly (hew you, how much we have it atj * Heart. I Ihall not be fatisfied if I do not fee you before I all our Forces are met together at the Fort which is in thel Way ; wherefore, I defire, with the greateft Earneftnefs,! that you, or at lead one of you, would come as foon as| pofTible to meet us on the Road, and to.iffift us in Council. I prefcnt you with thefe Buhches of Wampum, to aflur.el you of the Sincerity of my Speech, and that you mayj remember how much I am your Friend' aud Brother.'* Signed, Washington, r or CONOTOCARIOUS *. April 28. Came to us fome Pieces of Cannon, whiel were taken up to the ^louth of Patter/en's River.(^ ^ . ' (Troml , . '.:";■:'' ' * I ^ * This was without Doubt an I/rJlau Name that Major ff^a^ingto»\ had taken, to pleafe (hofe hdiam which he wanted to delude. ^ tX'^MP -vvvvtt- L^t^^^> ■fff^l^ (^tt-^i^^i^V^v^i J I Speech of the t ts and Warriors 1 id Brethren. I ' who came to us I their Departure rhanks, and our towards you, in 5 us, as alfo your | ere he found a ds you, clearing! arriors, who are I, our Ammuni" ctting you know i 1 fend you backl quaint you therc- "cnt tothcGover- >pcech and your| hofc Preparations the Afliftance of I our Lives. Wc • French, and ouii luch we have it at lot fee you before I art which is in thel cateft Earneftncfs,! \ come as foon asl ifijft us in Council.! impum, to affurcl ind that you may| aud Brother.'* Wash?ngton, otocarious *. of Cannon, whicl •fen's River.^ (FromJ that Major Wa^ingttn\ ited to delude. ^ i. t-t^-v 4jf,^i/J^\jL^ ♦en. ^'V'^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 !fK£ m I.I us ■^ ISA 12.2 1.8 1.25 1 1.4 1 1.6 M ■ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation y £: s^ ^ ^\ 6^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 ''%'' 'jy-i:i,«gf.S!Mi!3*3EaOSS=lSM»'S!«:^3aa»9«S!«S«^^ z £3 i CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques iUi^, mmS'Jri (Frorr jjournal ( Ijequencc. Maytl commaiK jOrdcrs t land his t |bourhoo( |l alfo ore] laboiic, A [the reft, llearn wl Idefirous ■down an Ivenient I I we coulc WalfKii Iwe were Ithc Fren Ito do *, Ithe leaft The] I where w Ito foitl i I up to th Then Jjng us, I jred Mer out in a marchin iCarelitta TwoH + Mr. I Je yumon three otli WaflfingU •Ifth [Time; ii Qrderi w -?^w wmmmmmffipmKK ( 77 ) (From the 29th of Jpril, to the nth of Mayy thai Ijournal only contains Marches, and Things of little Con- Ifcquencc. ) May the nth. Detached^ Party of Twenty-five Men, jcommanded by Captain Stfvens and Enfign Peronie^ with jOrdcrs to go to Mr. G//?'s, to enquire where La Force t, land his Party were ; and in cafe they were in the Neigh- Ibourhood, to ceafe purfuing and to take care of then>felves. Il alfo ordered them to examine clofely all the Woods round labout, and if they ihould find any Frenchman apart from Ithe reft, to feizc him and bring him to us, that we might llearn what we could from him ; We were exceedingly Idefirous to know, if there was any Poflibility of fending Idown any Thing by Water, as alfo to find out fome con- jvenient Place about the Mouth of Red-StonC'-Credcy where Iwe could tJuild 4 Fort, it being my Defign to falute the IHalfKingy and to fend him back under a fmall Guard ; Iwe were alio defirous to enquire what were the Views of Ithe Frencby what they had done, and what they intended Ito do *, and' to colled every Thing, which could give i& |lhe lead Intelligence. ington had Knowledge of this from the InMans. • If the Englifi were ignorant of the DeHgns of the French at that Time ; it cannot then be faid, that their Hcftilities had occafioned ihe Qrders which Major IVaJhingtoB had to attack them. r'l s^ ( I .— ^ mill III ix'maii r i.^. % V *:4 f ( 78 ) ' ten Toufand Pounds (equal to about Fifty-two tboufand Five Hundred Livres) to pay the Soldiers raifcd in other Colonies, as that Province turnilheth no Recruits, as alio that Governor Shirley had fent 600 Men to harraf* the French in Canada •, ♦ 1 hope that will give them fomc "Work to do, and will flacken their fending (o n>any Men to the Ohio as they have done. The 1 6th-, Met two Traders, who told us they fled tor Fear of the French, as Parties of them were otten feen to- wards Mr. G/y?'s. Thefe Traders are of Opinion,* as well as many others, that it is not poflible to clear a Road for any Carriage to go from hence to Red- Stone-Creek. The 17th, This Night Mr'. H^art arrived with the young /»^M« from miliamjburg, and delivered me a Letter, wherein the Governor is lo good as to approve of my Proceedings, but is much dilpleafed with Captain ^rent, and has ordered him to be tried, for leaving his Men at the Ohio : The Governor alfo informs me, that Capt. 'Maclcay^ with an Independant Company of 100 Men, excluding the Officers, were arrived, and that wc might cxpedt them daily 1 and that the Men from Nev)r Ycrk would join us within ten Days. This Night alfo came two Indians from the OhiOy who left the French Fort five Days ago : They relate that the French Forces are all employed in buiWing their Fort, that it is already Breaft-high, and the Thicknefe of twelve Feet, and filled up with Earth and Stone, 6?f. They have cut down and burnt up all the Trees which were about it, and fown Grain inftead thereof. The Indians believe there were only 60Q in Number •, though they fay themfclves they are 800 : They expeft a greater Kumber in a few Days, which may amount to 160Q, then they fay they can defy the Engliftt. The 18th, The Waters being yet very high, hmdred me from advancing on Account of my Baggage, where- fore I determined to fct myfelf in a Pofture of Defence ' again»i • The ^figlijb ar? ftcQ tQ atuck enicty wh?re. to you. ■- (f* •**s*ifW^fei^, m^mim^'rf^/Wf" f'tfvo Tboufani raifcd in other lecruits, as alio to harrafs the ;ive them fome I fo many Mea us they fled for fc otten feen to- ) pinion,* as well [ear a Road for me-Creek. rrivcd with the delivered me a as to approve of ;d with Captain , for leaving his nforms me, that ompany of lOO :d, and thatwc VIen from Ncvir from the ObiOy They relate that ilding their Fort, licknefe of twelve tone, 6ff. They frees which were >f. The Indians ler •, though they ixpea a greater amount to i6oa, :ry high. Kindred Ba^age, wherc- ofture of Defence ', againfi; cry wh^re. ( 79 ) • againft any immc(Jiate Attack from the Enemy, -}- and went down to obfervc the River. The 1 9th, I difpatched the young Indian which was returned with Mr. ff^art, to the Half King, with the fol- lowing Speech. TV //&tf Half King, Gff. ^'J My Brethren^ , TT gives me great Pleafure, to learn that you are marching to ■^ affill me with your Counfels ; be of good Courage, my Brc thren, and march vigoroufly towards your Brethren the Englifii for frcfii Forces will loon join them, who will prote£l you againft your treacherous Enemy the French. My Friends whom [fend to you, will acquaint you of an agreeable Speech which the Go- vernor of Virginia addrefles to you : He is ver}' forry for the bad Ufage you have received. The great Waters do not permit us to make fuch Hafte towards you as we would do ; for that Rca- fon I have fent the young Men to invite you to come and meet .us : They can tell you many Things which they have feen in Virginioy and alfohow well they were received by the moftPart of our Grandees ; they did not ufe them as the French do your People who go to their Fort ; § they refufe them Provifions ; this Man has had given him, all that his Heart could wifh: For the Conlfirmation of all this. I here give you a Belt oifFampum. The 20th, Embarked in a Canoe with Lieut. JVeJi^ three Soldiers, and one Indian *, and having followed the River along about Half a Mile, were obliged to come aihoi-e, where I met Peter Suver, a Trader, who feemed to difcourage me from feeking a Paffage by Water ; that made me alter my Mind of caufing Canoes to be madg ; I ordered my People to wade, as the Waters were ihallow enough ; and continued myfelf going down the River ia the Canoe : Now finding that our Canoe was toofmallfor fix Men, we flopped to make fome Sort of a Bark j with which, together with our Canoe, we gained 1'urkey-Feot, by the Beginning of the Night. We underwent feverat Difficulties t It has been feen in the foregoing Pieces, that this pretended 'Enemy had no Inclination to attack. ^ This is the only bad Ufage this pretended Half -King could com- plain of : The French were not willing to receive in their Forts fuch Indiatit at were perfidious and evil-minded : It may be feen in Rtbert htbti Letter hereafter, how the French ufed the Indiont, [9 'M ■'\ I sssKe^i»iate?s.S3g? - •**»&!- ta»&'^- 8/. ■ \ 1 ( to ) ' -.^ bifficultics about eight or ten Miles from thence, though of no great Confequence, finding the Waters fometimes deep enough for Canoes to pafs, and at other times more Ihallow. • * The 2 ill, Tarried there fome Time to examine the Place, which we found very convenient to build a Fort, not only becaufe it was gravelly, but alfo for its being at the Mouth of three Branches of fmall Rivers : The Plan thereof, which may be feen here, is as cxaft as could be done, without Mathematical Inftruments. We went about two Miles to obferve theCourfe of the River, which is very ftrait, has many Currents, is full of Rocks, and rapid ; we waded it, though the Water was pretty high, which made me think it would not be diffi- cult to pafs it with Canoes. We alfo found other Places where the Wafer was rapid, but not fo deep, and the Current fmoother ; we eafily pafled over them-, but afterwards we found little or fcarce any Bottom : There are Mountains on both Sides of the River. We went down il.c River about ten Miles, when at laft it became fo rapid as to oblige us to come afhore. ' {From the zid to the i/^tb^ the Journal contains only a Difcription of the Country.) The 24th, This Morning arrived an Indian, in Com- pany with him I had font to the Half King, and brought me the following Letter from him. V. To any of his Majejlys Officer i wham thefe may concern. AS 'tis reported that the Frtnch Army Is fct out to meet M. George IVaJhingion, I exhort you, my Brethcrn, to guard againft them ; for they intend to fall on the firft Engitjh they meet H ; they have been on their March thefe two Days ; the Half King, and the other Chiefs, Will join you Within five Days, to hold a Council, though we know not the Number we (hall be. I ftiall fay no more j but remember me to my Brethren theEngliJh.. Signed, 37)* Half-King. II Obferve the Craft of this Mian ! It has been proved that M. dt Contrccoeui- tarried at Fort Ju i^tefne j as to Mr. de Jumanniille, this cannot concern him, feeing he did not fetou'. bsfore the 23d, and hit Inilru£lians have been already feen. me. »«»'«***k. ««««H^,"«lS*««^^te»^'5»*S8SKp^ thence, though atcrs fometimes ither times more to examine the :o build a Fort, ) for its being at ivcrs : The Plan ica£t as could be theCourfeof the irrents, is full of b the Water was 3uld not be diffi- Vafer was rapid, lother i we eafily nd little or fcarce 30th Sides of the ten Miles, when to come afliorc. al contains only a Indian^ in Com- 4g, and brought e may concern. :l out to meet M. Brethcrn, to guard e firft Englljh they :fe two Days ; the n you within five ot the Number we me to my Brethren he Half-King. I en proved that M. dt . de Jumonnjille, this fore the 23 J, and hii EU' ( 82 ) ■«■ *.,/• I Examined thofe two young Ind'iam in the bed Man- ner I could, concerning every Liicumftance, but was noC much the better fatisficd. They fay there are Parties of them often out, but they do not know of any confidcrable Number coming this Way. * The French continue raifing their Fort, that Part next to the Land is very well inclofed, but that next to the Water is much nrglefted, at Jeaft without any De- fence • They have only nine Pieces of Cannon, and fome of them very fmall, and not one mounted. There are two on the Point, and the others lome Diftance from the Fort next to the Land. They relate that there are many fick among them, that they cannot find any Indians to guide their Imall Parties towards our Camp, thefc Indians having refufed them. The fame Day at Two o'clock, we arrived at the Meadows, where we faw a Trader, who told us that he came this Morning from Mr. G(/?'s, where he had feen two Frenchmen the Night before ; and that he knew there was a ftrong Detachment out, which confirmed the Account we had received from tht Hal/ King: Wherefore I placed Troops behind two natural Intrcnchments, where our Waggons alfo entered. The 25th, Detached a Party to go along the Roads, and other fmall Parties to the Woods, to lee if they coii-ld make any Dilcovery. I gave the Horfe-men Orders to examine the Country well, and endeavour to get fome News of the French, of their Forces, and of their Moti- ons, 6ff. At Night all thefe Parties returned, without having ' difcovercd any thing, though they had been a great way to- wards the Place from whence it was faid the Party was coming. The 26th, Arrived William Jenkins ; Col. Fry had fenthim with a Letter 4r(jfnfCol. Fairfax, which informed me, that the Governor himfelf, as alio Colonels Corbin and Ludwell, were ai^rived at IVincbeJltr, and were defir- ous to to fee the Half King there, whereupon I fcnt him an Account thereof. M The ♦ A new fro.f of the f alfehood ot this Letter. tf-^H^wtiiiiaitffifyttiS j;-^ 'iiiMiri^iii'"^"'f' "•"" ,,.,^^ir^'<'m;^!^''!si!r»i/m^'^pfli^^^'*'' f # I I: nm*m > » ' n t >nm ■ ( 82 ) The 27th, Arrived Mr. G(/?, early in the Morning* who told us, that Mr. la Force^ with fifty Men, whof- Tracks he had feen five Miles off, had been at his Plan- tation the Day before, towards Noon -, and would have killed a Cow, and broken every Thing in the Houfc, if two Indians^ whom he had left in the Houfe, had not perfuaded them from their Defign ; I immediately detach- ed 6s Men, under the Command of Captain Hog^ Lieut; Mercery Enfign PeroniCy three Sergeants, and three Cor- porals, with Inftrudlions. The French enquired at Mr. GiJi*Sy what was become of the Half King ? I did not fail to let the young Indians ^ who were in our Camp know, that the French wanted to kill the Half King i and that had itsdefiredEffeftt- They thereupon offered to accompany our People to go after the French^ and if they found it true that he had beert killed, or even infulted by them, one of them would pre- fently carry the News thereof to the Mingoes^ in order to incite their Warriors to fall upon them. One of thefd young Men was detached towards Mr. Ciji*s ; that if he ihbuld not find the Half King there, he was to fend a Msflageby a Delaware. About eight atJEight, received an Exprefs from the Half Kingy which intornied me, that, as he was coming to join us, he had feen along the Road, the Trafls of two Men, which he had followed, till he was brought thereby to a low obfcure Place-, that he was of Opinion the whole Party of the F^-ench was hidden there. That very Mo- ment I fent out Forty Men, and ordered my Ammuni- tion to be put in a Plafce of Safety, under a flrong Guard to defend it, fearing it to be a Stratagem of the French to attack our Camp -, and with the reft of my Men, fet out in a heavy Rain j ahd in a Night as dark as Pitch, along a Path fcarce broad enough for one Man -, we were fome- times fifteen or twenty Minutes' out of the Path, before we could come to it again j and f6 Hark, that we would ' ' ' often ' t Major Waftiington, it feemi, did nttfirHfU $9 mak* ufi^tf an Im- fofturt, far hire ht takti Pridi in it. • -. often ft tinued < at the ] with the them to where t\ Ground for an E the Indii them, a: upon 1 01 by that c ctived th Part of Hour, b Weki Party, a: Twenty- Drouillon and took marched Camp, wl there infc him, and that, he c eminent a uponf; Nations, He fent a and gave young Ni were allot be kept f to his owi on them s S Thertfi. * Major ;^ But the Ett^ t Allthti itattatkcd, ^ le Morning* Men, whof- at his Plan- 1 would have he Houfc, if ufe, had not liately detach- ti Hog^ Lieut; nd three Cor- it was become roung Indians neb wanted to IfFeaf. They lie to go after It he had beert :m would pre- «, in order to One of thefe (i*si that if he ic was to fend jrcfs from the he was coming Trafts of two rought thereby nion the whole i'hat very Mo- ray Ammurii- i ftrong Guard ■ the French to ^en, fet out in Pitch, along a ve yitfc fome- Path, before hat we would often vai* ufiif an Im- ^ ny * " >^ ( 83 ) often ftrike one againft another : All Night long we con- tinued our Rout, and the 28th, about Sun-rife, we arrived at the Indian Camp, where, after having held a Council with the Half Kingy it was concluded we (hould fail on them together ; fo we fcnt out two Men to difcovcr where they were, as alfo their Pofture, and what Sort of Ground was thereabout; after which, we formed ourfelves for an Engagement, § marching one after the other, in the Indian Manner : We were advanced pretty near to them, as we thought, when they difcovered us ; where- upon I ordered my Company to fire j mine was fupported by that of Mr. fTager^s, and my Company and his re- ceived the whole Fire of the French^ during the grcateft Part of the Aftion, which only lafted a Quarter of an Hour, before the Enemy was routed. We killed ? Mr. deJumonvilU^ the Commander of that Party, as alfo nine others } we wounded one, and made Twenty-one Prifoners, among whom were M. la Force, M. Brouillony and two Cadets, The Indians fcalped the Dead, and took away themoft Part of their Arms, after which we marched on with the Prifoners and the Guard, to the Indian Camp, where again I held a Council with the Half-King ; and there informed him, that thcGovernor was dcfirous to fee him, and was waiting for him at fVinchefter \ he anfwercd that, he could not gojuft then, as his People were in too eminent a Danger from the French, whom they had fallen upon •\ ; that he muft fend Meffengers to all the allied Nations, in order to invite them to take up the Hatchet. He fent a youngDelaware Indian to the Delaware^ ation^ and gave him alfo a French Scalp to carry to them. This young Man dcfired to have a Part of the Prefents which were allotted for them, but that the remaining Part might be kept for another Opportunity ; He faid he would go to his own Family, and to feveral others, and would wait on them at Mr. Gift's, where he defired Men and Horfes fliould ^ There/ore ctrtain it it that the Engliih hadOrdert ta attack. • M(i/»r;Walliington takes Care here, not to give a faithful Account: I "But the Eri^eaveur he makes tojuftify himfelf, •will be feen hereafter. I t All their Fear was from the French, becaufe they knew tbiy had vt atta (ktJ, and thtj wiuld certainlj rfvenge (hemlelvti. % .*.. <;^raAii;iliia»r *l»MinW»Mfc-irfrt'gliSliir fiirift •f