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A CHARGE 
 
 DELIVERED TO THE 
 
 CLERGY OF BERMUDA, 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD FEILD, D. D. 
 
 Bishop of Nenfoundlnnd, 
 
 OW TUESDAY IN EASTER WEKK, ISOO. 
 
 <♦ 
 
 HALIFAX, N. S. 
 PRINTED BY JAMES BOWES & SONS. 
 
 1866. 
 
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 Lrr Tliy grace and blessing, O Fiitlier oi" iiiiiukiiMl, rest upon 
 all tliose whom I blofss in Tliy name, ami especially upon those 
 who, together with me, arc appointed in watcli over Thy llock. 
 Bless, I l)eseech Thee, every niendjer of this Clnu'ch ; support the 
 weak, conHrni and settle those wiio stand, and feed our floek, 
 together with ourselves, through Jesus Clirlst oui- chiel Shepherd. 
 
 Amen. 
 
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 A CHARGE. 
 
 &.C. 
 
 My IIev. IJllETllUKX, — 
 
 While the four years which liave ehipsecl since I delivered 
 mv last eharu't have been characterized hv "reat movement 
 and many changes in Church affairs, both in England and 
 generally in the (colonies, there has been so little of either in 
 Jiermuda that my remarks in that former charge, relating to 
 yourselves and the Church here, might be repeated, and 
 would almost equally apply at the present time. Such a 
 stationary condition is not always, and necessarily, an evil. 
 " Qu'ieta non nwucre,'''' may be a salutary maxim in the Church 
 as well as in the State, and, I hope and believe, is not with- 
 out its good effects here as elseM'here. I cannot, however, 
 conceal from you that the present condition of the Church in 
 this Colony does not appear to me a gratifying and encour- 
 aging one. And this conviction makes it a somewhat painful 
 task to address you. I do not forget that an apostle said 
 to his friends and disciples, "To write the same things to 
 you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe." 
 Repetition is not, or ought not to be, "grievous" to any 
 teacher who finds it needful or expedient and hopes the repe- 
 tition may have the desired good effect. But A\hat if he has 
 no such hope 'i Can it be otherwise than grievous to write, 
 or say, "the same things," on subjects of solemn and sacred 
 importance, for the entertainment of an hour? If you have 
 ever felt the grief, (and I presume it has fallen to the lot of 
 most preachers and ministers,) of knoM'ing, or believing, that 
 your sermons, this or that, have produced no desired effect — 
 not seeing the change or improvement insisted on, — you 
 will understand, and I hope excuse, the difficulty I feel in 
 
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 now .acldrossliifj yon. Do not, [ Ik'soccIi you, snpposc that I 
 am not fully conscions, as you doubtless sonirtinu-s arc, that 
 the ueeesslty of repetition may arise frem the weakness or tin- 
 worthiness of former endeavors, that the adviee or warninj^ 
 has not been remend)ered and acted on, because feebly 
 I'xpresscd or inade(juately (ixplained ; that the fault has been 
 in the teacher or teaching' rather tluui in the disciple. I 
 at least am sufHciently conscious of my own defects and intir- 
 mities not to be surprised that all I desire and look for is not 
 attained, or perhaps attempted. And I caiuiot but be awan- 
 that the majority of you know your duties (juite as well as I 
 can state or explain them by speech, or can or do recomnu'nd 
 them by example. If, therefore, 1 should address our J.ord's 
 solenui warning to you, I would fully take it to myself: " If 
 ye know theses things, happy are ye if ye do them." 
 
 And "what can 1 tidl you of your duties or responsibilities 
 which you do not already know .' Or how can I address to 
 vou more solenni warnings than ^ou have many times address- 
 ed to your congregations, and, may I not suppose, with them, 
 to yourselves { 
 
 It is not, then, my purpose or intention to impute to you 
 either ignorance or negl(>ct of duty in rcnunking so few 
 instances of progress or Improvement since I last addn^sscd 
 you. I recognize, Avith, I trust, duo submission, the hand ol' 
 the Lord in that fearful pestilence of 1864, which, while It 
 was doubtless Inteiulcd to yield, and Ave may hope and believe 
 In many instances did "yield the peaceable fruits of righteous- 
 ness," must hav{> been for the time grievous Iruleed, and have 
 occasioned sad Interruption of your pastoral work and other 
 public duties. And If so la the case of those to whom cour- 
 age and strength were given to encounter and sustain the 
 labors and trials of such a visitation, how nuu'h more grievous 
 the chastisement, how much sadder the interruption, when It 
 pleased God, In His mysttulous providence, to remove the 
 i'aithful shepherd from an attached and trusting flock. It 
 was not the avIII of God that Mr. Woods' career of usefulness. 
 
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so auspidoii.sly Jis it srcmcd cominciurd, slioiikl he proloiincd, 
 or that tlio liopcs, wlilch I (h)uht not many entertained, of 
 profitinj^ hy his njinistry shoukl he realized ;* and we how 
 Nnhniissive to I lis wise and riufhteons appointment, heHeving 
 that all has heen designed and ordered in His hidden connseis 
 for our instriietion and admonition. We renu;mher onr 
 l-ord's yentli- rehnke of one who, in his ignorance, withstood 
 or disputed his Master's will, "What I do thon ktiowest not 
 now, hut thou shalt knoM hereafter.'' In the meantime, it is 
 no denial oi' douht of (iod's wisdom and mercy, to ])erceive 
 the sad elfects of the chastisement in tlm unsettlinL? of all 
 jilans anil projects for the henefit of the con<>T(\<j;at'ions imme- 
 diately afi'ecti'd. And if \vv. may now congratulate them and 
 ourselves that at lencfth their loss has heen nuide up hy the 
 appointment of a successor, whose <!fifts have heen proved 
 and improved by a faithful and efKcient discharge of his 
 duties in our midst, it is an occasion of much grief that this 
 beneiit could only l)e obtained to them bv withdrawing it from 
 others not less re(iulring the services of a r(>sident duly ap- 
 pointed minister. Very sad Indeed is the condition of thos(> 
 now Ixreaved parishes, however faithful the labors, as I trust 
 and believe they ar(>, of the minister who, under much dis- 
 couragement, has temporarily undertaken sucli dutl(.'s as can 
 be performed by onv, residing at a distance. 
 
 It Is not, then, to b(> wondered that such trials and 
 bereavements have created a state and feeling of desolation in 
 our little colony not soon to he remedied. 
 
 And how can I duly express the loss \\{' have sustained 
 in the removal of that dear brother, avIio In all mv fornuT 
 visits, since the consecration of this Church, strengthened my 
 hands and comforted my heart by his Mise counsel and kind 
 assistance, and who had endeared himself as well and tiuly to 
 all his fellow labonu's in the nilnlstiv as to nuscU". and as 
 
 * Ostendi'nt tunis liuiic tantuni f;itii, me ulU'ii 
 Esse siiu'iit. 
 
6 
 
 well aixl tnilytoall the incmhcrs 'fliis coiij:;!!'^;!!!!)!! us to his 
 hrotlirr ('Icri^y inul nearer iVicnds and acciuuintanccs, and who 
 fully appreciated and cordially reciprocated all our rejjfard 
 and affection .' 
 
 Was it to warn or instruct us not to i)lace our hopes* 
 or affections too fondly on friend or fellow-helper, that one so 
 Iovinjj[ and heloved, so trusting and ho trusted, as di'sirons to 
 thvell and serve anions' us, as we (I believe all) desired \\i» 
 j)resence and assistance, was compelled to return to his native 
 country ; thence to depart (alas ! how soon) to 
 
 Tliat iiniliscoviTi'cl fountrj . from w liosc bourn 
 No IriivoUor returns. 
 
 jA;t it be our consolation, if we can realize and prepare for 
 it, that Me may y;o to him, thou<,di he cannot rt-turn to us ; let 
 us remember, with closer and more earnest apj)licati()n to our- 
 selves, the Apostle's exhortailvMi, ^' ]ir not. slothful, hut folloiicrs 
 of t hem who, through fiith (iiul [uitlnur, inherit the p/o;«/w.v." 
 And the Master's more solemn admonition, " Ta/ie yc heed, 
 ■watch (tnd pray, for ye know not when the. time ix :" and, 
 " li/cssnl are thonc scrrants whom the Lord when lie cometh shall 
 find watching." 
 
 Amont^' other matters which cause me more than usual 
 difficulty in addressini>' vou, 1 cannot entireh' omit the uncer- 
 tainty of legislative action as affectiny* not merely, or chlefiy, 
 your condition, but the condition and prospects of the whole 
 Church community in Bermuda. A\'e have no reason to 
 doubt tie kind feeling of the mend)ers of the Legislature 
 towards tlieir clergy and ministers, of A\hich they have given 
 evidence by the late Increase ol' your stipends, in considera- 
 tion of the grt atly increased i)rice of provisions and the other 
 necessari(>s of life. My doubt and fear are, I confess, for 
 themselves ; that they do not and will m)t sufficiently realize, 
 of what vital paramount im])ortance it is to them and their 
 children, that tliey should be ])rovided with faithful and able 
 ministejs in suflicieiit luuuber for their ever increasing spirit- 
 ual wants. Wliether the late addition to your stipends 
 
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 irt lar^c <'iu)Uu;li to (inuble you to live in decent reHpet^tability, 
 is, I tear, doubtful ; but it is too sadly eertain that without 
 some 8ub-di\ Isiou or re-arran^enu'Ut of your jjarislujs, or some 
 addition to vour innnbers, the Mervices you should and Mould 
 render to your parisliioner« are not, and caiuiot be, satinfaeto- 
 rily and efhciently fulfilled. I might insist on tlu' baneful 
 effeet of the continual occupation, so anxious and responsible, 
 on your strength and spirits ; but I am thinking no>\ of the 
 impossibility, be your strength and spirits what they may, of 
 your jigbtly performing those duties and services to -vvhith 
 you were pledged at your ordination : as, first, to "be diligent 
 ill prayers and in Heading the Holy Scriptures, and in such 
 studies as liel[) to the i<nowledge of the sam(?" — without Avhich 
 how can you hope duly aid truly to "instruct the peoj)le 
 connnitted to your charge ?"' Or how, withou . such prayer 
 and study, " to banish and drive away all erroneous and 
 strange doctrine contrary to God's Mord T' Jlow can you 
 duly and truly " use public aiul private admonitions and 
 exhortations, as avcII to the sick as to the whole," and to the 
 whole as mcU as to the sick .' or how can " vou frame and 
 fashion yourselves and your families according to the doctrine 
 of ( 'hrist, and make both yourselves and them wholesome 
 examples and patterns to the flock of Christ f — all Mhich 
 you solennily promised not only to do, but to be diligent in ; 
 and all, not for yourselves, but for those connnitted to your 
 I'harge. Why do I remind vou of facts known and felt in all 
 their weight and sadness by yourselves, but to entreat you t(.> 
 pn>sent them in your prayers to God, your Heavenly Father, 
 that He, "without whom nothing is strong, nothing is holy," 
 Moulc^ dispose and enable your friends, and especially those 
 who have the power, to make better provision for their own 
 spiritual wants, and for the growth and increase among us of 
 r(diginu and virtue. Give no ground for the sus])icioi) that 
 you are pleading for your own comfort or case, or for the ex- 
 altation or advancement of a sect or party. I fear it is difficult, 
 (I do not know what has made it so), to persuade people, even 
 
•TV' 
 
 8 
 
 Christian people, that wc can desire help or relief for their 
 sake ; or can speak and plead of and for onr own Church and 
 Ministry, with a single eye to the salvation of souls and the 
 sjlorv of God. If you believe that ours is a true branch 
 of Christ's holy Catholic Church, and our ministry the 
 divinely appointed form and method of teaching and preach- 
 ina; the truth of God, and that vou yourselves and others in 
 like manner ordained and sent, are ambassadors for Christ, 
 then yon need not, cannot, hesitate to press upon those in 
 power their duty, which is no less their interest, to strengthen 
 your hands, and make your ministrations more effective and 
 honorable. Away with the imputation that we contend for 
 Episcopacy on any other grounds than because we believe it 
 the reyimen or form which God Himself has ordained and 
 consecrated for the guidance and government of His Church : 
 or with any other object in vicAv than the support and exten- 
 sion of tliat Church, according to His will and for His glory. 
 
 Supposing, however, those in power should recognize the 
 necessity or expediency, for their own and their children's 
 sake, of maintaining and extending the Church and your 
 ministry among them, it would require some consideration to 
 determine in what way tho necessary means should be raised 
 and applied. Shall it be raised by direct taxation or assess- 
 ment of property, for the general support of all denominations ; 
 allowing each person to choose the Clmrch or denomination 
 to which his tax or assessment shall be applied, or assigning to 
 each a just proportion of the amount { Shall the stipends of 
 the rectors and ministers be determined and paid, as now, 
 directly through the liCgislature, or by councils or conferences 
 of and for the separate denominations ? 'J'hese and many 
 otlier questions would require to be seriously and carefully 
 considered before any settlement of an endowment or pay- 
 ment for religious ser\'ices. 
 
 The number of Church of England members in Bermuda 
 appears by the last census to ha\-e been 9,479. One half- 
 penny per ■week contributed by or for each and every member 
 
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 Avoulcl supply to yevcn u soincnvhat largc-r aiuoiuit than is now 
 paid to tlio Jiic Rectors l)y the Lcgislaturo. It is not, of 
 course, possible, nor would it be just if possible, to exact 
 from all the numbers of every family — many or few, rich 
 or poor, alike — the half-penny ; but it surely is not extra- 
 vagant to expect an aggregate sum equal to that amount 
 for each and every meml)er. This sum, subsidized by pew- 
 rents or collections, as at present, would give to seven Hectors 
 au average equal to the present allowance — to some more, 
 some less ; and it is not necessary, perhaps not desirable, that 
 all should be equal. 
 
 That the three larger parishes, Hamilton, Pembroke and 
 Sandys, requii'e, each, the undivided care and services of a 
 Recto]-, must be manifest to evcrv one who knows and consi- 
 dcrs their extent and the number of their inhabitants. 
 Hamilton, with the smallest population of the three (amount- 
 ing, however, with Tucker's Town lately annexed, to nearly 
 1,300), is, I believe, the largest in extent, and most difficult, 
 from its configuration, to visit. Of Pembroke and Sandvs 
 it is enough to say that the population of the former conside- 
 rably exceeds, and of the latter nearly reaches, two thousand, 
 Avhile the area of boLh is sufficiently extensive to make paro- 
 chial visitation very laborious. It is true that in one, if not 
 two, of these parishes the number of A\\'sleyans is consider- 
 able, and it is supposed that the amount of clerical duty is 
 less, or lighter, in consequence. But it may be questioned, 
 on the other hand, Avhether the fact of some parishioners 
 being AVesleyans does lighten, in any like ])roportion, the 
 labors of the clergv (assuj'edlv it does not lighten their care 
 and responsibility), for it is, I bellev{>, notorious that the 
 majority of those who call themselves, or are cal ed, A\ csley- 
 ans, do still apply to the Rectors, as the law till permits and 
 empowers them, for occasional services, both in sickness and 
 in health. And why are there so many, or any, AVesleyans. 
 buL because of the want of proper pastoral su])ervision and 
 
 visitation ! Alay we not be morally certain that, if a Church 
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 or Chapd had been built in Tucker's Town twenty-five years 
 ago, and served by one .of the clergy, and the people had been 
 visited in their houses occasionally, no other chapel would 
 have been needed there, no other minister's visits required 
 oi" desired ? It w'eighs heavily on my heart, that I have not 
 done more for the poor inhabitants of that locality. Yet, 
 ev{>n now, if Weslcyans are true to their ibunder's principles, 
 they M'ill not forsake; the Church in Avhich they were baptized : 
 rather will rejoice to be again vnader the loving care of a 
 minister whom they may call their pastor, and Avho will call 
 them the sheep of his fold, and Avill tend and feed them 
 accordingly. 
 
 In the lloval Instructions, reciting the authorization first 
 given to the Bishop of Nova Scotia to exercise jurisd' ion, 
 spiritual and ecclesiastical, in these islands (afterwards trans- 
 ferred to the Bishop of Newfoundland), the Governor -was 
 directed to take care " that the imnaJits be so limited and set- 
 tled as he (the Governor) should find most meet for the 
 accomplishing the good work" of maintaining and extending 
 religion and religious worship ; and, it is added, "in all mat- 
 ters relating to the celebration of divine worship, the erection 
 and repair of Churches, the nuuntenance of ministers, and t/ie 
 settlement of parishe:, throughout youi' government, you arc to 
 advise with the Bight Rev. Father in God, the I>ord Bishop 
 of Nova Scotia for the time heing.''^ 
 
 Whether any such dir-jctions exist in the Governor's pre- 
 sent instructions, I cannot tell ; but it is certain and obvious, 
 from what I have now quoted, that it \\ as the Royal pleasure 
 that the limits of the ])arishes should be so d(>fined and deter- 
 mined, from time to tiiit(>, as would most conduce to the main- 
 tenance and pi'omotion of religion and religious worship ; and 
 it cannot be doubted that for accomplishing that good work 
 the limits of the present parishes, or at least those specially 
 referred to, require to be re- adjusted. 
 
 Nor can I omit to notice that in two of these three 
 parishes the number of the colored population (including 
 
 mi" " 
 
11 
 
 Tucker's Town in llunillton) is iiioic thuii double that of the 
 ■white, and that the disproportion is rapidly increasing. Now, 
 without subscribintj; to the preposterous doctrine of the 
 Declaration of Independence that " all men are created 
 equal," and without contending that it was, or is, a sin in the 
 sight of God to hold our fellow creatures in bondage, or that 
 our forefathers v»'ere guilty in this respect concerning their 
 brethren, avo cannot deny, without excluding ourselves from 
 the Covenant, that Me, now, are all one in Christ Jesus ; that 
 now and here, as the Apostle speaks, " There is neither Jew nor 
 Greek, Barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free ; but Christ is all and 
 in all." Neither shall we, I trust, repudiate the debt con- 
 tracted by the former slaveholders in this Colony, — I mean to 
 repay with spiritual blessings, with deliverance from the 
 bondage of Satan and sin, the bodily service and servitude — 
 a debt which we shall rather esteem a privilege, if therein or 
 thereby we may bring the children or descendants of a heathen 
 race to the knowledge of the truth, and enlist them in that 
 service of God which is perfect freedom. We sometimes hear 
 that they (the descendants, it is said, of Ham) are an inferior 
 race and under a curse, which surely, if it be so, i^ but an 
 additional argument and motive for compassion and kindness, 
 for labors and prayers in their behalf. And I suppose there 
 is no Colony where this privilege (may I not call it so ?), of 
 emancipating from a wor.jt bondage than that of any earthly 
 master the sin-oppressed African, has fallen so generally and 
 laruely to the Church. And woe to the Colon v, double woe 
 to the Church, when this privilege is taken from our hands or 
 the hands of those who succeed us in the ministry. Far be 
 it from me to accuse or suspect any sect oi denomination of 
 Christians of preaching or teaching sedition, privy conspiracy 
 or rebellion ; but surely it cannot be denied that it ■- '^f the 
 very essence of separation, or at least of separating, in religion, 
 to create disaffection and disunion, especially if the separating 
 or falling away be to a less esteemed or less favored denomi- 
 nation. Doubtless such feelings may be, and are, in thousands 
 
1 -v 
 
 iii 
 
 succcssfuUv rcsist( (1, or nuiv never be exeited ; but if ex- 
 cited, the results or consequences, an Apostle has told us, 
 ** Jf/icrc envying and sinfc is, them is confusion and every rviJ 
 U'ork.''^ I should, therefore, apprehend a tpo possible dis- 
 turbance of order and peace in the State if our colorc^d 
 brethren should separate in large numbers from our commu- 
 nion and fellowship, and choose forms of -worship and teach- 
 ers or ministers for themselves ; but in or toM ards the Church 
 such separation would too surely occasion, if not contention and 
 opposition, at least jealousy and dislike. And let us not flatter 
 ourselves that separation cannot, or a\ ill not, spread and pre- 
 vail to a iiir greater extent than at present, ( sjx^cially among 
 the colored people. There is noA\ a meeting house in almost 
 every parish, and thci'c is reason to fear that in the towns dis- 
 sent is acquiring strength, and extending and establishing 
 itself, silently but systematically, in the country parishes. Are 
 the members thus taken from us chiefly poor and ignorant .'' 
 let us remember the Apostle's declaration tliat " those mem- 
 hcrs of the body n-hich scetn to he more feeble are vecessary, and. 
 those members which ice iJiink to be less honorable, upon these vc 
 bestow more abundant honor ;" intimating that so it is, or should 
 be, in the Church ; such the concern and care for the despised 
 and destitute, the weak and simple. And he further reminds 
 us, in connection with the same subject, that ''by one Spirit 
 1VC arc all baptized into one body, whether ice be Jetcs or Gentiles, 
 ichether ice be bond or free, and have been all made to drink into 
 one Spirit.^^ For these great and manifold interests therefore 
 in Church and State, for order and peace, for communion and 
 fellowship, for the salvation of immortal souls and the glory 
 of God, labor and pray, -Hith all the helps and appliances you 
 can lawfully and honorably employ, to retain all you ha^ e 
 and recover as many as you can. 
 
 For retaining all you have, I would earnestly recommend 
 you to give more attention to your Sunday schools ; and, if 
 you cannot superintend them in person, to enquire for scho- 
 lars during the v,'eek, and place them under teachers, avIio 
 
 ih 
 
 
 
13 
 
 '.vill interest themselves in their welfare and I'eport to you 
 their progress and ])ehaviour. And surely it .ill not he im- 
 possible, or very diflieult, to visit the schools on jour way to 
 Chureh, if only to manifest your coneern for the scholars and 
 your obligations to the teachers. I have observed, in this as 
 in former visits, the great importance, great value of such a, 
 Sunday school, in attending that, connect(>d with this church, 
 for colored children. In that school, which has the benefit of 
 u gentleman's kind and careful superintendence, with several 
 able and earnest teachers under flie clergvman, the scholars 
 are in no respect inferior, neither in conduct nor attainments, 
 to those of any Sunday-school of a similar class. I could 
 only wish the numbers were larger, as I presume they might 
 and would be, if the clergyman could visit the dwellings of the 
 poor to invite their children in. The same remark applies to 
 the Sunday-school for colored children in St. George's, ex- 
 cept that there the numbers have since my last visit greatly 
 fallen off ; and many, as I Mas informed, have transferred 
 themselves or been transferred to the Wesleyan school, to 
 grow up, it may be feared, in diss(>nt or separation from the 
 Church. And Mliilc 1 admire, and am grateful for, the con- 
 cern shown in s(neral parishes, by kind and efficient finnale 
 teachers, for the children of a different class in their Sunday 
 schools, and would connnend these also to vour fostering care, 
 there are many reasons for attaching special importance to 
 those for the children of the; colored poor. 
 
 And not only, or chiefiy, for the Sunday-school, but as 
 the most engaging and most powerful means of keeping your 
 j)eople in attached connection A\ith yourselves and the Church, 
 and of knowing their real condition, and of tendering advice 
 and consolation, and of bringing all, young and old, to the 
 House and worship of God, — for all these much desired ends. 
 f would again and again entreat you to visit as frequently as 
 you can the dw(41iugs of the poor, both the sick and M'hole. 
 'I'll ere never, I suppos<>, Avas a generation of people who more 
 required (shall I say deserved !') such visitation, or by whom 
 
14 
 
 
 sudi visitiitiou would, in goiUTiil, be mort; gratefully reccivccl. 
 Whatever may be said of our colored brethren, I believe it is 
 not pretended that they are in general insensible to kindness 
 or unwilling to be advised or directed. And how can it 
 be expected that in one generation (after being led as children, 
 or held as horse and nude which have no understanding), 
 they should or could guide and govern themselves, or per- 
 ceive and know their dutv and interest, as membcjrs of a com- 
 munity, whether in Church or State i 
 
 With a view to further emjagina: their affections, I believe 
 nothing will be more effectual than a care for their children, 
 and especially for their education. And, if so, it is obvious yon 
 are losing one of the greatest, if not the greatest, as it certainly 
 is the truest :ind best, hold upon the parents — to say nothing 
 at present, though a great deal may, and ought to, be said, of 
 the injury and injustice to the rising generation — in losing 
 your week-day schools. I do not dc ly that I acquiesced in 
 the propriety, or rather I might say necessity, of discontinuing 
 the insignificant grants paid to the few remaining schools, by 
 our District Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian 
 Knowledge. ]5ut I believe no school has been, or will be^ 
 discontinued in consequence, and it was the general opinion 
 cT the Sub-committee that, without aid from the Legislature, 
 (the subscriptions also having greatly fallen off, and the Il(;ctor 
 of the parish which used to contribute the largest amount 
 having declined any longer to make collections) it would be 
 impossible to maintain them ; and that, in the meanwhile, it 
 would be more advantageous to confine the small amount at 
 the disposal of the Committee to the importation of books, 
 published by the Parent Society. I trust, however, you will 
 never rest satisfied without at least one school for })oor child- 
 ren, under your direction, in every parish. If Legislative 
 aid be given, I do not know any better method of establishing 
 and conducting the schools than by Boards in each parish, or 
 each lloctory, of which the Hector would be chairman e.c officio, 
 the othor members to be appointed by the Executive. But 
 
 ^s^^'f ^i^il/t {mM' ' ' 
 
 
15 
 
 when it is considered that there is now, in every parish, 
 a good and sufficient school-room, M'hich might be put and 
 kept in repair at a small exjiense ; and that, by a contribution 
 of a farthing a week, or of one shilling a year from, or for, 
 every member of the C'hun^h, six school-masters might be 
 paid at an average of £50, and as many mistresses at an aver- 
 age of £30 a year, who would also receive, from the scholars, 
 fees, regulated or limited by the Board, it cannot be denied 
 that the Church in this Colony might be (shall I say, ought to 
 be i) in this most sacred and important object and duty 
 independent of Ijegislativc aid. Xon(» of you can be alto- 
 gether ignorant of the agitation and contention excited 
 in England by the introduction of what is called the Conscience 
 Clause, ay the Council of Education, in the grants for public 
 schools. I am not about to discuss the merits or demerits of 
 that clause, but it is obvious that if the Church, through the 
 National Society or otherwise, could adequately assist in 
 maintaining schools where required, all the unhappy discus- 
 sion and disputation might have been avoided, and the schools 
 conducted on Church principles, without interference. In my 
 own parishes in England I was enabled, both as curate and 
 rector, by the subscriptions of the parishioners and payments 
 of the scholars, to maintain threes s(^parate schools — for infants, 
 boys and girls, of the poorer classes — ^^ ithout any extraneous 
 aid, and of course without any extraneous interference ; and 
 I cannot but think that in some of your pajishes, out^ school 
 at least might be similarly supported. And if you received 
 but half the pleasure 1 experienced in witnessing the happi- 
 ness of the children, the gratitude of the parents, and tht^ 
 cheerful acquiescence of both in our lules and regulations, 
 YOU would be thankful not to be assist(>d, or resisted, bv the 
 State. That in, or for, the education of the children of this 
 Colony there is a conscience clause binding; most strictly and 
 especially upon us, all of you, T think, will admit ; all certainly 
 who can say with the Apostle, " T,ord, Thou knowest that T 
 love Thee;"' a claus(.' which Tie Himself was phased to Insert 
 
i' 
 
 f 
 
 :i 
 
 
 1() 
 
 ill our coiainisjiion, in ihiit soli'inu coiuinand, '• Fi'(>(l my 
 Lambs." And you uill not foryi't that lie who '>avo this 
 command was graciously pleased to say, " NMiosocvcr r('C<'iv- 
 c'tli one such little child in my nanu- receive tli me, and he 
 that receiveth me receiveth Him that sent me." 
 
 Ilavinn' had occasion to notice tht> probable action of the 
 Legislature- as allecting your position and duty in two most 
 important i)oints — your ministrations generally, and your care 
 for the religious education of the poorer classes, — I would be 
 permitted to say a few Mords on a recent Act of comparatively 
 small importance, but to which I am rather anxious to refer, 
 because I may be supjjosed, by the ad\ice I have given, to 
 have resisti'd tlu> Avill and purpose oi' the liCgislature. Such 
 never was, and never ^\ ill be, my intention. 1 hold, on the 
 contrary, that when a law is ena(>ted by those in authority, we 
 arc obliged to ob(>y it, as Christians, for conscience sake, how- 
 t;ver we may disapprove or dislike it ; nay, as far as in us lies, 
 to supply deficiencie^s and remedy dei'ects, supposiiig that no 
 higher or more important duty is thereby interfered with. 
 But should that unhappily be the case, then the utmost that 
 can l)e reej^uired or expected of us is to comply with it to the 
 letter. And this is the course which 1 have recommended 
 Avith respect to the new Act of Jlegistration. ^^'hether such 
 an Act — of great advantage doubtless in a large country, with 
 a population ever changing and incicaslng, and in which both 
 the temptations and ojjportunlties ibr the concealment of 
 births, deaths and manlages are continually presenting thcr.i- 
 selves, — whether siuh an Act is equally or j)roportIonably 
 neces>a]'v in a small Colony, or whether the machinery re- 
 quired and at haiul in the fornur I^' desirable and available in 
 the latter, are (luestions w Ith which A\e are not now concern- 
 ed, w hen they ha\t' been settled lor us by those' whe) have the 
 jight ;nul power te) make' hn\ s : but wlu'U 1 founel that the 
 e'lergy weie' e xineted te) pcriojin services Interfering with 
 tlu'ir more' Important elutie's, anel othe-rwlse, I e'e)ncelve', unbe- 
 coming iheir statie)n and ofHcc, — I alliule particularly te) their 
 
 :t 
 
 :H' 
 
17 
 
 my 
 
 this 
 
 ■i\ - 
 
 hv 
 
 the 
 
 lO.sl 
 
 being expected not only to furnish to the registrar particulars 
 of every marriage, but to repair to him, or his house, to 
 sisjn the entry in his book — I considered that vou and others 
 ought to be satisfied with your complying with the letter 
 of the law, which says only that the person furnishing 
 the information shall sign the entry in the proper column, 
 but is silent as to the when and where. All therefore, 
 that can be required of you is to sign the ^.itry in tlie 
 proper column (a work of supererogation in itself), when a 
 convenient opportunity is given you. I think it may be in- 
 ferred that the book should be brought or sent to the clergy- 
 man to sign (if he is the person to furnish the information), 
 from the somewhat analogous ease of entries to be made and 
 signed in the parish register, when the marriages have been 
 celebrated by special license, in which case the churchwardens 
 may be compelled to produce the register for that purpose, it 
 having been ruled that "when a thing by Act of Parliament 
 is required to be done, that also is required without which the 
 thing cannot be done." Again in stating the age of the par- 
 ties married, you are not required, and it cannot be expected 
 of you, to make enquiries which might give offence and elicit 
 an uncomfortable response ; and you may therefore content 
 yourselves with stating the majority or minority of the parties 
 (of full age or otherwise), because in the case of minors the 
 consent of parents or guardians should be ascertained. There 
 are other things in this Act which require to be amended or 
 explained. And when it is known and remembered that the 
 first Registration Act of the Imperial Parliament, passed in 
 the year 1836, was, on the opening of the following session, 
 suspended for four months, and in that interval a new Bill 
 brought in, and passed, to explain and amend the origin.^ 
 Act, it cannot be deemed derogatory to the Legislature of 
 Bermuda to folloAv, in this respect also, the pattern of the 
 mother country. And the English Amended Act of 1837 
 will, I venture to think, furnish some useful suggestions. 
 The provisions of the present law, chiefly to be com])lained 
 
.'il 
 
 ^ 
 
 ii' 
 
 
 18 
 
 of (tlioiigli I do not suppose you will be forward to complain), 
 arc those by which you are rctpiircd, without compensation 
 or acknowledgment, to perform duties foreign to your officis 
 and in some degree interfering with it and its perquisites, 
 which certainly is not agreeable to English law and custom. 
 While on tlu; subject of marriagis Mhich, an Apostle 
 reminds us, is or should be honorable in all men, or more 
 literally in all things, 1 mouUI be permitted to repeat the re- 
 comnunidation and request which I have addressed to you on 
 former occasions — that the season of TiCnt, and particularly 
 the Holy Week immediately preceding Easter, be not, with- 
 out necessity, allowed for its celebration. Why should thi^ 
 Church in Bermuda despise or ignore the traditions of the 
 Church universal, adopted, or rather continued, in our own 
 reformed branch in England, of which that the forty days of 
 Lent should be observed as a fast is confessedly one ? Is 
 Church feeling to die out in Bermuda ' I am aware that the 
 Governor's license to dispenses Avith the publication of banns 
 (which however is not a special license to allow or sanction 
 any alteration of canonical time and j)lace; is interpreted to 
 justify this and other practices, contrary to the customs and 
 courtesies of the Church in England ; but I am unwilling to 
 believe that your influence, backed by the acclamations of all 
 Christendom, would not avail, if properly exerted, to prevent 
 a departure from Catholic practice. On the same influence, 
 similarly sustained, I would depend for the entire abandon- 
 ment of the more strange anomaly of marrying in private 
 dwellings, or any places except a Church, which I am happy to 
 know has neaily died out and disappeared from among us ; an 
 anomaly, or rather irregularity, for which there can be as little 
 excuse in this Colony as in any part of the British Empire. 
 And since her most gracious Majesty the Queen (whom God 
 preserve !) thought it no degradation to be married in the face 
 of the congregation and within the Canonical hours, it is hard 
 to understand how any of her subjects can reconcile them- 
 seh cs to a departure in these respects from the laws and cus- 
 
 m 
 
 
19 
 
 liin), 
 ition 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 toms of the Churc h. I havr not forgottcMi that tlic iipccsslties 
 of State required a departure from the ohservance of TiCnt in 
 the marriao;e of his Hoyal nii,din(>ss the Prince of AVales, and 
 I am quite jjrepared to admit, as I lave aheady Indeed done, 
 that any such necessity mi,L,'ht justify the rehixation of that 
 part of the Church's custom ; hut such cases amoni^ us must 
 be very rare, and cannot be pU-aded in excuse of general in- 
 difference or negk'ct. 
 
 AA'itli reufard to marriages in private (hvellings by a cler- 
 gyman of the ('hurch of England, except Avith a special 
 license from the Archbishop of Canterbury, you are, no 
 doul)t, a^are that such marriages in England would be null 
 and void. It may be that the Lc.r Loci, or perhaps ( thougli 
 that is more doubtful) Xnlla L^.x Loci, r(>moA es the fear of 
 penalties abroad ; but, surely, as I have befoi'o remarked, 
 English Churchmen and Churclnvomen should be guided, as 
 far as poss.'ble, by the laws and ciistoms of their own commu- 
 nion. Ncccssitas non liahct /^gtvw, and in tin; northern part of 
 this diocese, (where, unhappily, families are settled fifty and 
 sixty miles from their clergyman, and can or' be visited by 
 him occasionally,) this part of our law is of necessity relaxed, 
 and the necessity has been duly and legally recognized ; but 
 all within twelve miles of a Church, even 'n\ Newfoundland, 
 are expected to come, and do come, to their Church and 
 Missionary to be joined together in Holy ^Matrimony. And 
 I must again state that a Governor's license, so far from com- 
 pelling, or requiring, a clergyman to celebrate marriage in 
 a private dwelling, or at any un-canonical hour, docs not even 
 authorize any such departure, or indeed any departure, from 
 the Church's laws or customs ; it is simply and solely a 
 license to dispense with the publication of banns. I am 
 happy to gather from your returns that, with the exception of 
 two parishes, there has been only one departure from the 
 Church's rules in this respect in the last four years, and that, 
 under special circumstances supposed to justify the excep- 
 tion. 
 
 mf^0mmmkmmSi^ 
 
20 
 
 •r 
 
 ;il 
 
 JJffoii' I ([uit this jiuhjoct, I thlnU it lij-ht to inform yon 
 that ill couscqurntv of u inurria^'c license havinj^' bt'i'U iccintly 
 issiictl to tilt! Chaphiin of the Dock-yard, wliicli tlic Hector of 
 the parish hclitncd to he an innovation of tlu; estahlished 
 practice, and an interference witli his duties and privileges, 
 I addressed his Excellency the (jovernor to that eH'ect. 
 His Excellency states in reply that he has given orders 
 that marriage licenses are not to be issned to any clergyman 
 of the Established Church in these Islands other than 
 Hectors of parishes, or clergymen ofKciating for them, 
 without his sanction, — and he is pleased to add that it is not 
 ids intention to make any alteration in the practice which has 
 hitherto prevailed in this respect. You may therefore rest 
 satisfied, I think, that an interference, which Mould subvert 
 in one essential point the parochial system, and occasion many 
 anomalies and inconveniences, will not again be permitted. 
 
 I hope it may not be improper, though scarcely necessary, 
 to observe that whatever tends to diminish the religious 
 reverence accorded by Scripture and the Church to Holy 
 Matrimony (and I cannot but believe that the celebration in 
 private dwellings, and at unseasonable hours, must more or 
 less have that effect), may be, to a like extent, an injury to 
 society at large. This, all well-ordered States, have fully 
 recognized, and legislated accordingly. 
 
 1 will allude to one other method by which, though not 
 so directly in your character as Christian Ministers, you may, 
 without in any degree forfeiting, or forgetting, that character, 
 obtahi and retain a hold upon the regard and respect of those 
 whom I have mentioned as more especially objects of our 
 solicitude, and materially assist them in forming habits of 
 order and economy, in which It would be a marvel if as yet 
 they were not deficient. I allude to such clubs, or associa- 
 tions, for mutual relief in sickness and old age, as the 
 Bermuda Loyal Union Society, with the nature and rules of 
 which, I presume, you are all, more or less, acquainted. 
 
 m' ' 
 
 Itil 
 
 J.s' 
 
 i\fj 
 
 
21 
 
 And you liiivi' fiirtluT to consider that I)y promoting Hnd 
 a.sslstlnjj; u Socirty cstuhlislicd upon f^ood priniij)l('S (and by 
 }fiiti<l V mean Christian and ri'li,u;ioiis, as mcU as prudint and 
 usrful), you nuiy prevent tlie estahli^hnient of others of a dif- 
 ferent character, and under no sound and safe guidance. 
 Such Societies as the one I have mentioned, under the spirit- 
 ual Father's hjving guidance and >\ise restraint, will not only 
 unite the members to each other, hut to their Church. You 
 have the example of one so guided and so restrained, from the 
 beginning, by the former excellent Hector of Paget and War- 
 wick, in which those good results have been fully realized ; 
 and, I fear, you have also, or >vill have, instances of others 
 self-governed and self-willed, from which no real benefit can 
 be expected, cither to the mendjers or the Church. 
 
 The Beneficent Societies in your different parishes, which 
 jjcrform most of the duties of District Visiting Societies, are 
 deserving of your cordial and grateful support and counte- 
 nance ; and if you can, as I believe most of you do, meet the 
 members periodically, and after prayers, and perhaps some 
 short exposition of an appropriate passage of Scrii)turc, re- 
 ceive their reports and recontmendations, and give such coun- 
 sel or encouragement as may be needed or desired, their work 
 and labor of love Mill be wicc blessed. It maybe deserving 
 of consideration whether you might not through this agency 
 induce and assist the poor to lay by some portion of their 
 earnings for the purchase of books or clothes, or against a 
 time of sickness, or any other emergency. There may be 
 hindrances or difficulties in the way of a Savings Bank in this 
 country, but it is not less required here than elsewhere. 
 
 The late calamitous war in the United States, or rather 
 the effects produced by it in the minds and hearts of the an- 
 tagonists, will help to reconcile us (if that be necessary) to the 
 course adopted by our IjCgislature, in allowing only the occa- 
 sional services of Presbyters of their Protestant Episcopal 
 Church ; as is done in England. I ventured on a former ©c- 
 occasion, four years ago, to express my opinion that a wide 
 
:;i2-'^)#*ii :^j«^:jgf ^rii«m^:::t^^ 
 
 22 
 
 clIffL'ronce existed between the case and elaini of the Scottish 
 cler<5y and those of any loreign country, Mhosc different poli- 
 tical principles might render them uneasy under a monarchical 
 form of government. But other, and perhaps greater, trou- 
 bles might have arisen, if, during the late disruption and 
 conflict, Presbyters, whose symiiathies Avere enlisted on oppo- 
 site sides, had obtained a standing and influence in the Colony. 
 It is well known that in the? States mcjiubers of the samo 
 family were eagerly advocating, and to their power support- 
 ing, different views and interests in that cruel fratricidal war ; 
 and surely any approach to such opposition in a small Colony 
 would greatly interfere with the honor and usefulness of the; 
 Ministry. And yet the evil I mentioned, of different political 
 principles, and others which tlierc is no occasion to mention, 
 as being of a more permanent character, appear to me still 
 more deserving of consideration. In the meantime I may 
 congratulate you, as I do myself, that we arc permitted by 
 this Act of the Legislature to profit by the presence and as- 
 sistance of two experienced Fres])yters of the Church in the 
 United States, in all respects as effectually as if duly licensed 
 Curates. 
 
 It has of late been discovered, as you all doubtless are 
 aware, that the Royal Letters Patent cannot create a Bishop's 
 See or give ecclesiastical jurisdiction in any (Colony, having 
 its own independent Legislature, and consequently that every 
 Bishop in a Colony must be duly accepted or recognized as 
 such by its Legislature, before he can legally exercise his 
 functiont. The necessary recognition of the Bishop of New- 
 foundland has, I am informed, been made in this Colony, 
 sufficient, I presume, to authorize the exercise of ecclesiastical 
 jurisdiction, in form and effect as in England, where no local 
 law exists to the contrary. Still further, no ecclesiastical 
 Laws or Acts of Parliament relating to the Church in England 
 will have any force or effect in the Colonies, unless expressly 
 expended to them, or unless, not being so extended, they are 
 adopted by the Colonial Legislatures ; such for example a«j 
 
 I 
 
 
 ifiii a 
 
ctish 
 
 l)oli- 
 
 cal 
 
 roii- 
 
 illicl 
 
 ippo- 
 ony. 
 amo 
 ort- 
 rvar ; 
 lony 
 ' th(f 
 tical 
 
 tion, 
 still 
 may 
 
 :1 by 
 
 :l as- 
 
 1 tlio 
 
 iiisccl 
 
 are 
 
 i 
 
 23 
 
 the late important Act altcrinjj: the form of Subscriptions at 
 Ordinations anil Institutions, &c. But whether such a law, 
 being purely of ecclesiastical cognizance, may be acted upon 
 by a Bishop in a Colony, is a different question, and one upon 
 which we require further instniction. It may not be amiss 
 to mention that, having received no instruction or information 
 on the subject, I thought it right in the late Institution of the 
 Rector of Paget and Warwick to adhere to the former law, 
 and to require the customary subscriptions and declarations 
 in full. A similar doubt hangs over the question whether 
 neA\' canons or the alteration of <^xisting canons, made, with 
 the Royal assent, by the Convocation of the Province of (Jan- 
 terbury, must, or may be adopted in those Colonies whose 
 Bishops are still subject to the Metropolitical See of Cantei'- 
 bury ; such, for example, as the new or altered canon 
 respecting God-fathers and God-mothers in Baptism. Seme 
 of you have already been made acquainted, if you looked into 
 my last charge to the Clergy in NcAvfoundland, of the ob- 
 jections I entertained, in common w'ith a large number 
 (though a minority) of the members of both the Houses of 
 Convocation, to the proposed alteration of that canon : an 
 alteration mainly designed to remove or lesson the difficulty 
 of obtaining the required number of properly qualified 
 sponsors, as specified in the canon ; that is, in fact, i^ersons 
 who have received the Holy Communion. This was to be 
 cft'ected partly by making it lawful for parents to answer as 
 God-parents in the name of the children, and partly by 
 limiting, or rather extending, the qualification to persons 
 " capable of receiving the Holy Communion." To both 
 parts of the alteration I entertained, and still entertain, 
 strong objections ; and if it should ap])ear presumptuous in me 
 to contend against a majority of the Convocation of Canter- 
 bury, I would be permitted to plead that, besid(>s having the 
 support of many influential memb(>rs in the present Convoca- 
 tion, I am upholding, and upheld by, the decisions and deter- 
 minations of a not less august, learned, and pious assembly. 
 
 
 ^'^ 
 
 '■-«..' ^ 
 
 Ni h 
 
 
&mmis^mM0iu 
 
 24 
 
 ;.i f 
 
 
 !"• 
 
 in the Convocation of 1604, when the present Book of Canons 
 was passed. 
 
 As I attach much importance to the provisions of the pre- 
 sent Canon, which I am happy to say hns not yet been supei*- 
 seded, and wish they might be impressed upon your congre- 
 gations, I shall ask your kind attention to the advantages 
 which I conceive are found in it. And (1) it is of ini])ortancc 
 to the children to have had witnesses of their Baptism, who 
 might certify them of the fact, in the event of their parents' 
 death or removal. Of course, the sponsors also may die or 
 remove, but the present system provides three Avitnesses, 
 besides the parents, one or other of whom may be expected 
 to survive. 
 
 (2) It is of importance to the children and to the Church, 
 that persons should be provided, who, in case of the parents' 
 death, removal, neglect or inability, might be required or ex- 
 pected, agreeably to their promises, to see them (the 
 children) christianly and virtuously bi-ought up, or at least 
 instructed in their Christian faith and duty. This point is 
 well expressed in the Baptismal Liturgy of Herman, Arch- 
 bishop of Cologne, published in 1543, which in many particu- 
 lars resembles our own, having been drawn from the same 
 sources, and probably corrected by the same hand. Among 
 other questions to the sponsors much resembling those in our 
 Service, only of greater length, the minister asks, " Will ye 
 be God-fathers to this infant and count him for a very son of 
 God, a brother and member of Christ, and as soon as he 
 cometh to the use of reason, 7/ iieradvcntarc he shall lose his 
 jmrcnts, or if they be negligent in this hchalf, will ye take 
 charge of him that he may learn the I'en Commandments, 
 the Articles of our Faith, the Lord's Prayer, &c. ?" 
 
 (8) It is of importance to the parents to have other 
 persons (chosen by themselves and approved by the 
 Church), bound by sacred promises, to care for the 
 Christian education of their children; who may be ex- 
 pected to pray for them, and, if need be, tell or teach 
 
 I 
 
inons 
 
 pre - 
 
 Mpcr- 
 
 iigre- 
 
 fagcs 
 
 anco 
 
 ents" 
 ic or 
 
 'SSCS, 
 
 octcd 
 
 2o 
 
 them such things as a Christian ought to know and believe 
 to his soul's health. 
 
 (4) It is of importance to the parents and the Church to 
 extend the benefits and blessings of Christian succour and 
 sympathy beyond the limits of separate families, and to unite 
 many together in the bonds of spiritual affinity. All these 
 advantages are forfeited by substituting the natural parents 
 J as and for God-parents ; while for the Church to impose upon 
 
 • parents duties already iinposed upon by Almighty God seems 
 
 to me idle and presumptuous. Does any person imagine that 
 ])arents are not commanded and obliged, even by God Him- 
 self, to bring up their children in the nurture and admonition 
 of the Lord, or that the Church can in any way deepen or 
 extend a parent's duties and obligations ? Is it not manifest 
 that God-parents are required as an additional help and secu- 
 rity, for the child's sake, for the parents' sake, for the 
 (Church's sake ; in a word, for Christ's sake ? Let these con- 
 siderations be explained to and impressed upon your congre- 
 gations, and let them further understand that God-parents do 
 not, in any case, promise that the children shall believe and 
 do all those things which they (their sponsors) undertake for 
 them, nor make themselves responsible for the child's sins, 
 and the difficulty complained of, of obtaining propi^rly qua- 
 lified persons as sponsors, will, we may trust, be lessened 
 more and more ; without breaking down the (Jhurch's ancient 
 fences and land-marks, or ignoring the benefits and blessings 
 of spiritual affinity. 
 
 ^^^ith regard to my second objection, I mean to the 
 substitution of "capable of receiving," instead of '"having 
 received," the Holy Communion, it is, I confess, a gratifica- 
 tion to find my views maintained by her ^lajesty's advisers ; 
 who, after long delay, have, on that very ground, refused the 
 Royal assent, and have returned the new Canon to Convoca- 
 tion to be restored in this particular to its former state. The 
 result will probably bo that what Avas the chief difficulty 
 before will be the chief difficulty still, intensified by the pro- 
 
 ^^; 
 
 ';l,>f' 
 
 ■t::% ■ 
 
 c^, 
 
 
[j^^ii^aJM 
 
 26 
 
 lili 
 
 i;.: 
 
 'h; 'I 
 
 mincncc given to it in this discussion, and its lo-enuctment ; 
 while the sahitary provision of requiring the additional secu- 
 rity of God-parents, to see the children of the Church 
 Christianly and virtuously brought -up, will he swept away. 
 
 Under these circumstances, we have reason to be thank- 
 ful that the sagacity and experience of her Majesty's lay, 
 and I presume law, advisers are extended to the acts of 
 the Convocations, and that alterations of the existing Canons 
 cannot take effect until they have been by them examined, 
 and approved or assented to. In the meanwhile, I pray you 
 to observe, that this amended Canon has not vet become a 
 law of the Church even in England ; and that, if it does, we 
 are not at liberty, separately or collectively, to adopt it, until 
 we have been further instructed. 
 
 I will mention another instance in which avc are much 
 indebted to legal, or law, acumen, for resolving a doubt 
 or difficulty which many persons felt respecting that por- 
 tion of the Oath of Supremacy, which declares that "no 
 foreign prince, person, prelate, state, or potentate, /lat/i, or 
 ought to have, any jurisdiction, power, superiority, pre- 
 eminence, or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this 
 realm." It has been, contended that we cannot justly and 
 truly declare that no foreign prince or i)relate /nifJi any power, 
 pre-eminence or authority within this realm, w hen we see the 
 titles of IJishops and otlii'r dignitaries, appointed or confirmed 
 by the See of Home, recognized, and place and precedence 
 given them by her Majesty's ministers and representatives. 
 IJut it has been justly, and 1 think sufficiently, replied that 
 what her Majesty's ministers and representatives, or, M'ith all 
 due respect, her ^Eajesty herself, may do, or direct to be done, 
 is not laA\', and may be, at any time, as readily, or more 
 readily, undone. And of this we have had an instance in the 
 late highly (>steemed ^Minister for the Colonies refusing to 
 Kom?in ('atholic Archbishops the precedence before the 
 Bishops of our Church, which they had presumed on in con- 
 sequence of a former Colonial Minister desiring that they 
 
 I 
 
nont ; 
 
 sccu- 
 
 hurcli 
 
 »}• 
 
 hank- 
 
 s lay, 
 
 cts of 
 
 aiions 
 
 i 110(1, 
 
 y you 
 
 onic a 
 
 e,s, Avo 
 
 , until 
 
 4 
 
 
 i 
 
 27 
 
 might he addressed with the titles given them in their own 
 i 'hureh. And since it has been discovered that the Sovereign 
 cannot create a See, or place a Bishop of our own Church, in 
 a ('olony, without the assent and consenu of its Legislature, 
 it is not to be supposed that one of her Ministers or Seer ta- 
 ries of State could authoritatively give place or precedence 
 to the prelate of another Church. 
 
 Having had occasion to allude, with unwilling dissent, to 
 the sole act of legislation by the Province of Canterbury, 
 (grounding my dissent upon the established law of a former 
 Convocation), I woxdd now be permitted humbly to express 
 my grateful sense of the wisdom and piety which have been 
 generally evinced in their deliberations and resolutions. I 
 will not occupy your tune by any particular reference to their 
 proceeding., with which you arc probably well acquainted, at 
 It^ast equally so with myself. I will only observe that the 
 interest felt and shewn by that august assembly in the Avelfarc 
 of the CJhurch in the Colonies demands our most grateful ac- 
 knowledgments. I would be allowed to instance particularly 
 the sympathy so plainly and warmly expressed with the 
 Bishop of Capetown in his many difficulties and trials : 
 difficulties and trials so novel, so complicated, so distressing 
 to all ])arties concerned, and so serious in their consequences, 
 that nothing, I conceive, but the highest sense of duty could 
 have induced the Bishop to encounter them. Great indeed 
 is the comfort, especially to the Bishop himself, of find- 
 ing his views and proceedings solenuily approved and endors- 
 ed l)y the influential voice of tlic Convocation of Canterbury. 
 I am satisfied to be determined by that voice, as to both his 
 views and proceedings, and I do not hesitate to recommend 
 you to bo similarly satisfied. I will honestly confess that I 
 have not read a word of Bishop Colenso's Biblical researches. 
 It ap])eared to me, at the outset, preposterous, that a Colonial 
 Bishop, after less than tAVO years given to the subject fso 
 I observed that he himself confessed), should presume to 
 publish theories, original or borrowed, on the authenticity 
 
 mmm 
 
 -y 
 
 i.tjf^. r\ 
 
28 
 
 'Iji^ 
 
 T. 
 
 and authority of Holy Scripture, in opposition to the received 
 belief of universal Christendom. And when I learnt that in 
 both Houses of the Convocation of Canterbury, without I 
 believe a dissentient voice, his theories Avere pronounced un- 
 sound and heretical (though all might not agree in the 
 necessity or expediency of a synodical condemnation), 
 I felt that my time and thoughts might be more profit- 
 ably employed in my proper work and duty. Indeed 
 we should have, I conceive, very little, or assuredly much 
 less than we all have, to do, or more curiosity than I at least 
 possess, to occupy ourselves with difficulties aud objections 
 which have been explained and answered, as far as need be, 
 or ought to be required, many times and many years ago. 1 
 say as far as need be, and ought to be required, because in 
 regard to the Old Testament history — remembering its great 
 antiquity, the manner of its preservation and transmission, 
 aud that it is, and must be, in great part its own interpreter — 
 it would be strange indeed if there were not some things in it 
 hard to be understood and explained, which a perverse inge- 
 nuity might represent as errors or contradictions. How much 
 more may we expect this result, when the professed object of 
 the history is to make known the will and purpose, the 
 doings ani dealings, of Almighty God; and those things, res- 
 pecting which our blessed I^ord even thanks His Heavenly 
 Father, because He has hid them from the wise and prudent, 
 (that is, in their own sight), though He has revealed them 
 unto babes. "^ There is a sacred obscurity," says Bishop 
 Wilson, " in the Holy Scriptures, which we ought to value 
 them for ; because that convinccth us that we are not to hope 
 to understand them, without a light from God, Avhich we 
 must ask from God, and fit ourselves to receive it." 
 
 It is quite unnecessary for me, even if I were sufficiently 
 acquainted with the Bishop's writings, and otherwise compe- 
 tent and qualified, to pursue the subject, as you can have re- 
 course to nu\ny able reviews and replies, which this new, or 
 rather renewed, assault on the record of all we know, or can 
 
 I 
 
^m^:^.' 
 
 ■*- --CKf? >; 
 
 [•cceivecl 
 that in 
 Ithout I 
 Iced un- 
 in the 
 nation), 
 profit- 
 Indeed 
 y much 
 at least 
 )jections 
 iced be, 
 ago. 1 
 [•aiise in 
 its great 
 mission, 
 5reter — 
 ngs in it 
 rse inge- 
 )w much 
 object of 
 ose, the 
 tigs, res- 
 .eaveuly 
 irudcnt, 
 'd them 
 Bishop 
 o vahie 
 to hope 
 lich we 
 
 iciently 
 conipc- 
 ave re- 
 lew, or 
 or can 
 
 29 
 
 knoM-, of the way and will, the works and designs of Almighty 
 God, our Heavenly Father, has called forth. Some of these, 
 kindly sent to me l)y their authors, I have read ; and, if it 
 should appear a somewhat unphilosophical method of coming 
 to a conclusion on the merits of a book, — I mean by reading 
 only the replies or reviews, without studying the book itself, — 
 let me hope that none of you, or of your friends, will adoot 
 the opiiosite, and, on such a question as the truth and author- 
 ity of Holy \A''rit, far less excusal)le, practice of reading and 
 receiving the objections and difficulties, without a careful ex- 
 amination of the answers which have been written and pub- 
 lished ; answers so numerous, learned and weighty that we 
 might almost excuse and be thankful for the misdirected 
 judgment and misapplied talents, which have given occasion 
 for them.* In my last charge to your brethren in Newfound- 
 land, I ventured a few remarks on a kindred production, the 
 much-talked of " Essays and Reviews," which (remarks), as 
 you have been supplied with copies of that charge, it would 
 be doubly useless to repeat. Let me, however, again remind 
 you that the danger, against which you have to guard your- 
 selves and your congregations, is not so much the denial, as 
 the neglect, of the Revelation. Few comparatively will deny 
 the fact of a divine Revelation, — a declaration by God Himself, 
 through His prophets, and evangelists, of His ways and 
 
 * Since ilelivL'ring tliis charjie I have been informed, on good authority, 
 tliat somo fifty or -sixty years a,<,'o several copies of T. I'aine's anti-scriptural 
 pul)lications were brought to Bermuda, whicli, bein^f read without any 
 opportunity of studying- tiie rejdies or reviews, produced an unhappy im- 
 pression on minds not very well informed on such subjects. Had sucii 
 works as "Watson's Apology for tiic Bible" been circulated at tho sanu' 
 time, it would have been impossible that tiic scoffs and sneers of that bold 
 but ohallow infidel could have taken root, as alas! they appear to have 
 done, and have brouglit forth their poisonous fruit. (Though to use tlie 
 words of I'aley, " Wlio can answer a sneer?") There is precisely the 
 same danger in the same day, against whicii I earnestly entreat you to 
 provide, by taking care, as far as you have the means and opportunity, 
 that the answers to these new, or renewed attacks, be introduced and read. 
 The result then, I venture to predict, will be very diflferent. 
 
 ■I 
 
 mm- 
 
 (<>.iS%-S 
 
 m 
 
 ^ jVvt. 
 
 fl^l 
 
 iPPKM"i?X*""*' 
 
 '% 
 
 :^yL^ 
 
31 
 
 l^l!' 
 
 I 
 
 ill 
 
 te;- 
 
 r;M 
 
 
 thoy commonly are tipon ignorance, are offences but one de- 
 gree less injurious, while they are far more likely to be enter- 
 tained, than the depreciation or disbelief of Holy Scripture ; 
 and it behoves us to be on our guard accordingly. And 
 while, Avith our numerous and urgent occupations, it is idle 
 to as])ii'e to the h^arning and wisdom which can only be at- 
 tained bv much stiidv, in r(>tirement and leisure, vou ought 
 to be ])repared to meet the popular objections, as well in 
 reference to our crecxls and articles, as to the sacred deposit 
 of revealed truth, from which they are derived. And 1 am 
 not sure that such preparation may not be specially requisite 
 among people, who, from isolation and small opportunities of 
 information, whether by books or intercourse with men of 
 enlarged views and real learning, cannot easily divest them- 
 selves of prejudices, or solve the doubts and difficulties, which 
 alas ! are published and propagated t>verywhere. You will, 
 I trust, be prepared accordingly, and at least, as admonished 
 by an Apostle, " be rciuhj alwtnjs to give an answer to cvcnj man 
 that <is]{eth of you a rcamn of the Hope that is in you" 
 
 Before I revert to matters of local or personal concern, I 
 Avould wish to mention an event in a neighboring diocese, to 
 which circumstances that happened here may add some 
 special interest, if not imi)ortance. Most of you will, I doubt 
 not, remember the visit of a certain President of a Wcslcvan 
 Conference in British North America, who, in consequence 
 of my declining to receive him in that capacity (though quite 
 ready to reci ive him as a private gentleman) thought it neces- 
 sary, or expedient, to magnify his office, by a letter or letters 
 in the newspaper, exalting it above that of a Bishop, and de- 
 nouncing at th(> same time all the pretensions of episcopal rule 
 and authority. I did not at the time feel myself called on to 
 reflect upon the writer, or reply to his animadversions, and I 
 have no intention of doing so now. What I wish to inform 
 you is that, since that event, two sons of this gentleman have 
 received episcopal ordination, and were, when I passed 
 through Halifax on my way hither, and I presume still are, 
 
 i: lii 
 
10 tlc- 
 
 onter- 
 
 [ituro ; 
 
 And 
 
 lis i(ll(; 
 bo at- 
 oua^ht 
 oil in 
 oposit 
 I am 
 quisito 
 tios of 
 ion of 
 thoni- 
 ^^•hich 
 u will, 
 nishcd 
 nj nuw, 
 
 ?0 
 
 doings, His holy will and pniposo, His Mondors and tho 
 judgmonts of His nioutli, — iVw Avill dony that "all soriptuio 
 is givon by inspiration of God," but many (alas ! how many) 
 do, and will, nogkxt that llovolation thoy profess to rocoivo 
 and boliovo, do and will " tiun away from Him who spoakoth 
 from Hoavon." I should hardly know hoM' to congratulato 
 you on tho absonco of doubt and donial, if thoy aro j)rovontod 
 only by nogloct and indiiforonoo. 
 
 Noar akin to tho orror, if I should not say of sin, oroating 
 doubts and diffioultios in respect of tho authenticity and 
 authority of tho Holy Scripture, is that of depreciating iho 
 decrees of councils and synods, bv which tho Catholic Faith 
 has boon cleared and maintained. An orror in one respect 
 more dangerous than tho former, because it cremates no alarm, 
 but on tho conti'ary is received with favor, as an ai)poal to 
 individual judgment, in matters, where, it is supposed, (;vory 
 man is at liberty to judge. And, with sorrow and shame 1 
 confess it, this error prevails in the writings and teachings of 
 some, I cannot say learned but, much admired Professors of 
 my own University. Thus writes Professor Stanley in his 
 liocturi's on the Eastern Church, " the fact (i) that the whole 
 Christian world has altered the creed of Nicaa and broken 
 tho decree ot Ephesus, without ceasing to be Catholic or 
 Christian, is a decisive proof that common sense is, after all, 
 tho suj)romo arbiter and corrective even of Q'^cumenical 
 Councils."* Common sense, it is sometimes said, is tho most 
 uncommon sense ; but inasmuch as every man, or surely o\(>ry 
 professor, is supposed to possess it, it is easy to see Avhat 
 would bocon'o of our creeds and canons, if the cl(>croes of 
 councils and synods wore subject to such " correctives." I am 
 persuaded that this laxity and latitudinarianism, grounded as 
 
 * To the same professor \vc are iiulobtcd for the information that the 
 " Savoy was tlie cradle of the Englisii Liturgy." Those who ren)omher 
 the dechiration of the Divines assembled at the Savoy, on their separating-, 
 7-e infecta, will .oknowledge that a cradle rocked by such nurses would 
 have been a very uneasy one, and that our Book of Common Prayer would 
 have had small chance of coming put of it. 
 
 JjW 
 
 Wrf i.' 
 
 I,i ■- 
 
 V. 
 
 ^■Wi 
 
 % ^'i 
 
 ',r 
 
 ' v., 
 
m^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 nmk 
 
 32 
 
 V W!} 
 
 licensed to officiate as priests, one in the Diocese of 
 Fredericton and the other in the Diocese of Nova Scotia.* 
 We cannot doubt that both were well instructed in the 
 rules and principles of W(!sleyanisin, and must have? felt 
 special reluctance in abandoninif their fath(>r's profession and 
 repudiating his views and claims ; and we may value their 
 convictions and conduett accor(lin<dv. And I think we shall 
 all admit, as I do very sincerely, that in f^ivin<^' his two sons 
 to the ministry of the Church, tli'> President of th(^ (Jonfer- 
 encc has made sufficient amends for those slii^htinjif rejections 
 he indulged in against us, or, if you please, against myself. 
 In connection with this subject I have the satisfaction of 
 stating that another distinguished Ministtjr of the Wesleyan 
 Society in England has given one of his sons to th(^ ministry 
 of the Church in my diocese, who is zealously conducting a 
 mission on the self-supporting system ; that is, relying on his 
 people, all fishermen, for his maintcniance : whih; another of 
 that gentleman's sons is, and has been for several years, a 
 highly esteemed clergyman at home. 
 
 Suffer now a few remarks on matters of more inniicdiate 
 local interest. 
 
 . I desire, in the first place, to thank you foi' the answers 
 you have furnished to those numerous, and, I fear, rather 
 troublesome, questions, I addressed to you, in reference to 
 your duties, and the condition in gent^ral of your parishioners 
 and congregations. I have gained from those answers much 
 useful information ; and, if I may venture to hope (as one of 
 you kindly suggests) that th(> questions may direct your atten- 
 tion to some means and methods of pursuing more success- 
 fully the great ends of your holy calling, — this twofold 
 benefit will, I trust, plead my excuse. 
 
 The great and increasing conviction I have (may I not 
 say wo all have t) of the benefit and blessing of Confirmation, 
 after due preparation of the candidates, will always justify, if 
 
 * I liave since loiirnt that both those clergymen are now licensed in the 
 Diocese of Xova Scotia. 
 
 !«.. 
 
 
 V*" 
 
 Ki . 
 
 «t'^ 
 
mWmW^ 
 
 I 
 
 33 
 
 not demand, a few rtmaiks on that suhjcct. I have rvrry 
 reason to hcHcvo that incicusod ])ains havt- been taken (may 
 I add, and more inaycrs used!') in " pioeuring and making 
 able" the candidates ; and, if so, tlie benefit and blessing 
 cannot fail to be proportionably greater to them and your- 
 selves. 
 
 'I'he numbers you have retiuned as confirmed in your re- 
 spective parishes in 18(52 (at my last general Confirmation) 
 agree -with my figures in every case but one; in which (one) 
 t\\e difi'erence is considerable, and the list retained (if any) 
 cannot be correct. The aggregate number is not, and I fear 
 will not be, (even with the addition of those confirmed two 
 years ago in Paget and Warwick, and of those yet to be con- 
 firmed in Smith's and Hamilton), double, as it should be, 
 that of 18()2. Omitting Smith's and Hamilt(m, the 
 aggregate of 18()2, after an interval of only two years, 
 was 233 ; while the aggregate of this year (including 
 those of Paget and W^arwick in 18(54) only amounts to 
 3r ). This circumstance seems to point to the advantage of 
 the biennial Confirmation, and there are other considerations 
 which reconnnend the more frequent administration. T ob- 
 serve one parish presenting at the two last Confirmatiims, in 
 all, only 23 candidates (10 and 13), Mhile three neighboring 
 parishes in succession, with but few more Church members 
 (one of them with a considerably less number), hav(^ pre- 
 sented respectively 85, 5(5 and 47 : a phenomenon 1 know 
 not how to account for, exce])t perhaps by the overwhelming 
 duties and responsibilities of the parish annexed to that in 
 which I observe and lanu^it the paucity and uncomfortable 
 disparity. And 1 point out the circumstance as a striking 
 (nidence of the necessity of a diHerent arrangement, in short 
 of a sub-division, of the Rectories. 
 
 Although I profess not to make the age of candidates 
 a criterion of fitness, and of the propriety, or otherwise, of 
 
 presenting them, I have become more convinced, by longer 
 ^ 5 
 
 M 
 
 
fi 
 
 i] 
 
 34 
 
 observation, of the inexpediency of uUowijif,' tlieni to conic 
 forward under the age, at earliest, of fifteen y<'ars complete ; 
 unless they are also prepared, with the approval of their 
 Minister and parents, to proceed at once to the 1 loly (com- 
 munion. 1 have b(!en stren";then(;d in this conviction by 
 finding- in tiie very instructive lafe of J^ishop Wilson, lately 
 published by the author of the Christian Y'ear, the following 
 injunction to his clergy, a few years only before the elosi' 
 of his long and laborious ministry: "The liishop re([uires 
 that the clergy shall for the future n^commend none to Con- 
 firmation, i)ut such as are fifteen years complete, and w(dl 
 instructed in the Christian religion, and fitted for the Lord's 
 Supper." I am pleased also to find required, by the sanu* 
 great authority, what I have on some previous occasions 
 recommended to you, that "the names of all persons 
 confirmed shall for the future be recorded ;" he adds, 
 " in the Church rcgisteries." 1 have been content to 
 recomnu'ud a private record, but in a l)ook, not ou 
 loose papers, and with a column, or s])ace, for entering 
 the time of each person's first Connuunion, and any iiotc- 
 woithy circumstance of the subsequent life and behaviour. 
 And 1 am thankful to know that 1 could refer to one clergy- 
 man's record where tlie name of e\ (ny person I have con- 
 firnu'd in his parishes, from my first visit, in 1845, to the 
 present time, is duly rcgistei'cd ; and the column or space 
 specified, and used as specified, abo\e ; i.e., with notice of 
 the first Communion, the; death or d(;purture from the parish, 
 and, in some cases, the fall or falling away, and consequent 
 suspension from the privili-ge of Holy Communion. I hope 
 that others of you have a similar record, similarly kept and 
 used ; but it is right to mention that the oni; I allude to was 
 beyun at the commencement and continued to the close of his 
 ministry h(;re, by the late Hector of Paget and Warwick, and 
 has been taken up "\vith like purpose, by his worthy successor. 
 These, with several other matters of parochial interest, such 
 as — the numbers of communicants at each Celebration, — the 
 
:35 
 
 come 
 
 pit'te ; 
 
 their 
 
 |(m by 
 liitcly 
 
 o\vin<; 
 close 
 
 ([uircs 
 Con- 
 
 l \V(!lI 
 
 Lord's 
 ' sallu^ 
 asions 
 ersons 
 adds, 
 imt to 
 Dt on 
 itcring 
 note- 
 viour. 
 
 amount of collections — tlie names of preachers — the names 
 women churched, &c., — 
 
 and uhodort of 
 
 , — my exi)erience enables 
 
 me to Hay may hr entered in a waste book, kept in thn 
 (/hurch, with v(!ry little trouble, and may occasionally prove 
 of much value ; particularly to the new Rector. 
 
 To the very important (piestion, " How many of those 
 confirmed in lH()Ji have since become conmiunicants .'" the 
 answers are so widely various as not to afford any data on 
 which to found <{(>neralization. In one Parish, and not a 
 small one, and from which the number of candidates pre- 
 s; nted was not inconsiderable ('32), all of both sexes appc^ar 
 to have become communicants : in another parish, of a large 
 i lumber of colored persons confirmcnl not one has proc;ccded 
 to Holy Communion. Is this difference to be ascribed to the 
 fact of a class for special instruction and preparation for Holy 
 (Jommunion in the former case, and the want of such a class 
 in the latter { Whatever may have been the cause or occa- 
 sion of such a difference (and I by no means impute the 
 <l;"ficiency to negliu't on the part of the Hector) it seems to 
 point to the necessity or expediency of acting on my recom- 
 mendation, indorsed by the Avisdom and piety of the aged 
 Bishop of Sodor and Man, of i)resenting only such candidates 
 as are " instructed in the principles of the Christian Religion 
 and fitted for the Lord's Supper," requiring them also to 
 attend for further instruction after their confirmation. I have 
 (m some former occasions provided tickets, or cards, to be 
 given to the candidates, on which the day of confirmation 
 might be entered or registered, and also the day of first com- 
 ing to the Holy Communion. Such tickets returned, or 
 delivered, to the candidates after the confirmation, with a 
 text of Scripture printed or written on them, serve, first, as 
 a direction to the next more important step to be taken, and, 
 afterwards, to the obligation and privilege of continued and 
 frequent communion, the source if rightly understood and 
 prepared for, of benefits and blessings otherwise unattainable. 
 
 
n 
 
 36 
 
 w 
 
 Id 
 
 ill 
 •I, ' 
 
 I should bo glad if this means, among others of more impor- 
 tance, could be resumed or adopted. 
 
 There was a circumstance, of which I took notice at almost 
 every confirmation, of a very gratifying character, which I 
 desire to allude to as conveying warning or counsel beyontr 
 what relates to the service itself. I refer to the general use 
 of the Prayer Book, by which the candidates were enabled to 
 follow and join in the service intelligently and devoutly. 
 And the use I would make of this circumstance (which I 
 know how to appreciate from having too frequently observed 
 a different behaviour) is to impress upon you the duty of 
 providing (as best you may and canj for the instruction of 
 the rising generation, first in reading, and then in under- 
 standing their Book of Common Prayer ; and I scarcely need 
 add that without schools such instruction will be hardly 
 attainable. The behaviour of the candidates was in other 
 respects very becoming, and gave evidence of due and 
 careful preparation. I could only Avish your churches were 
 better adapted for the reverent administration. With the 
 exception of Somerset, and AVarwick, they are most incon- 
 venient, and must seriously interfere Avith die attention and 
 decorum which are so desirable, and, I believe, by all con- 
 cerned so desired. 
 
 To make the Prayer Book und' rstood I Avould, if I saw 
 any prospect of carrying it into effect, most strongly insist on 
 the duty of public catechizing, as enjoined by our Church 
 both in the rubric and canons. It has long been observed in 
 my cathedral, (indeed ever since its conseci-ation) on the first 
 Sunday of every month, after the Second licsson of Evening 
 Prayer, instead of a Sermon ; and is now similarly observed 
 erenj SunJiiy, with, I trust and believe, the desired beneficial 
 results. But the single service in each of your churches 
 would render, I presume, the substitution of catechizing for 
 afternoon sermon objectionable or unacceptable, and I shrink 
 from desiring, or recommending, any addition to your present 
 fatiguing duties. I will only, therefore, observe, that the 
 
37 
 
 inipor- 
 
 almost 
 hich I 
 bey oil tr 
 lal use 
 bled to 
 voutly. 
 hich J 
 served 
 uty of 
 3tion of 
 under- 
 ly need 
 hardly 
 other 
 le and 
 s -vA-ere 
 ith the 
 iucon- 
 011 and 
 11 cou- 
 
 I saw 
 
 sist oil 
 'hurch 
 ved in 
 L> first 
 cniiig 
 erved 
 'ficial 
 rches 
 s; for 
 irink 
 L^'sent 
 the 
 
 practice of catechizing on Wednesdays and Fridays in Lent, 
 which one of you I remark continues to observe, (though 
 falling very fiir short of the requirements of the case, and the 
 rule and injunction of the Church,) may be of some value, if 
 merely in In'inging the children before you, that you may 
 know them and be known of them, and that they may hear 
 for once the shepherd's voice. Let me, however, repeat the 
 warning I gave in the first charge I ever addressed to 
 vou, that the teaching of the Sundav-school by no means 
 relieves you of the duty, or supersedes the necessity, of fur- 
 ther catechizing : rather, I would say, the reverse ; inasmuch 
 as it is of much importance to ascertain as well Avliat your 
 children have, as what they have not, learned ; and to correct, 
 or supply, as the case may require. 
 
 I observe great variety in your times of administering 
 what the Church calls, and intends to be, Puhl'ic Baptism. 
 Some administer only after the Second Lesson of Moiuiing 
 and Evening Prayer, another, it seems, only after Morning 
 Praye/, and another before, or aftc^r, or in the service. I 
 need not tell you which of these practices, and v hich only, is 
 agreeable to the Rubric and rules of the Church : and M'hy a 
 rule regularly observed in one place should be as regularly 
 disregarded in another, or why a rule of the Church, proi)er 
 and possible in every ])lace (at least in this Colony), should 
 be disregarded at all, I do not like to enquire. May I be 
 (>xcus(xl for mentioning that in my Cathedral, which is also 
 the Parish Church of St. John's, and in which the Bajitisms 
 are numerous, public Baptism, or Baptism in the Church, is 
 and always has been administered only after the Second 
 Lesson on some Sunday or other Holy day ; and no distinction 
 made between the poor and the rich, — a Governor's children 
 have been baptized at the same time and place with those of 
 the fisherman, and no difficulty or objection made. I obs(>rve 
 further by your returns that while some of you make a marked 
 distinction between the children born in or out of wedlock, (in 
 declining to baptize the latter with those of married parents,) 
 
38 
 
 such a practice is by others dccmecl impossible. On this 
 point I hesitate to giv(; advice ; the Church having prescribed 
 no rule, unwilling, we may believe, to provide for or recog- 
 nize cases of immorality. I will only venture to say that 
 every distinction which is proper and possible, should be 
 made ; to shame, and, if it may be, rc.claim the guilty. And 
 if it is reported commonly that there is this sin among you, 
 we are reminded by an Apostle that it is our duty, not only 
 to mourn, but to mortify, as we may, the sinner's flesh ; 
 " that the Spirit may be saved in the day of the liord." 
 '•' Put awav from among yourselves." he adds, "that wicked 
 person." It is a sin which seems to demand here some spe- 
 cial efforts for its chastisement and correction. I conceive 
 that you are more than justified in refusing to Church any 
 Avoman who is the mother of a child before marriage. Some- 
 thing also may be done through the clubs, or societies, to 
 which the guilty parties belong, that is, in the way of correc- 
 tion ; a rule being established for their exclusion or suspen- 
 sion : but, for prevention, next to the direct sanctifying 
 influence of religion, nothing, I conceive, so good and useful 
 as domestic visitation ; by Avhich you might hope to create, 
 iu the neglected poor, feelings of self-respect, while you 
 would reform those habits and modes of living which almost 
 of necessity superinduce licentiousness and immorality. In 
 short, from house to house, as I have said in former charges, 
 or, if you please, from cabin to cabin, is, in my humble judg- 
 ment, the method and means always and everywhere, but 
 particularly in this Colony and at this time, most sure and 
 safe of helping and bevieliting the poor, in the concerns of 
 their bodies and their souls. And in respect of that duty, 
 which we all justly esteem of so much importance — the 
 attendance at public worship — it has been truly said, though 
 in homely words, " a house-going parson makes a church- 
 going people." 
 
 To assist you specially in this domestic ministration, but 
 also in every personal service to, or for, all the members of 
 
39 
 
 ^^n this 
 'Scribed 
 
 reco"-- 
 
 your flocks, I could wish that you were all provided with a 
 " SjfccHlmu Grcgis,^^ in which might be entered the names 
 of all heads of families, their residence, occupation, 
 whether confirmed and communicants, the number of 
 children, male or female, how many attending school, etc. 
 Printed books may be obtained with columns for all these 
 l)articulars, which, once filled up, would save much trouble, 
 keeping you acquainted with both the sheep and lambs 
 of your flock, and recalling to your mind their state 
 and wants, both temporal and spiritual ; and procuring for 
 them perhaps, as occasion might require, a special remem- 
 brance in your prayers. 
 
 In explanation, perhaps I ought to say in excuse, of the 
 enquiry into the books you study, as helps to the knowledge 
 of Holy Scripture, (to which the answer, "such as I can ob- 
 tain,'' is very suggestive), I would be alloM-ed to mention 
 that, knowing the difficulty you have in obtaining modein 
 publications, whether on the interpretation of Holy Scripture, 
 or, specially, on the work of the ministry, I ordered before 
 my arrival a considerable number of such books as I thought 
 might be useful to you, and not likely otherwise to reach 
 you. I regret to say they have not arrived, which 1 am un- 
 uble to account for, as the order was forwarded from Halifax 
 (lie fij'st week in December, and I have every reason to sup- 
 posi> auly reached its destination. 
 
 In excuse of the enquiry about your sermons, I may 
 remind you that, (except the ^Minister of this Church.) you 
 never give me the privilege of hearing them ; and as I know 
 the apj)etite which exists among our neighbors on the conti- 
 nent for sensation preaching, I thought it not amiss to call 
 your attention to the great duty and great privilege (is it not 
 so ?) of preaching the Gospel io the [mor, of following and im- 
 itating, as best we may. Him, who declares He came down 
 from Heaven, or rather was sent, for that purpose. And 
 1 would observe that, with this object in view, ^\q may, and 
 should, have regard not . merely to the matter, but the 
 
■m^. '•'■j.D.f'fi'' 
 
 ^:t':-.. 
 
 40 
 
 manner, — to delivery as well as to language and docirinc. 
 Rapidity of utterance, whether in reading or preaching, 
 and the neglect to sustain the voice; to the end of a sentence, 
 will leav(; our hearers — but particularly the unlearned — as 
 much in ignorance, as the use of fine lan^uace or abstruse 
 argumentation. And the " plainness of speech," of manifold 
 significance, which the great Apostle used, is as necessary for 
 the rich and learned, as for the poor and simple, if they are 
 to be convinced and converted, and pricked fas they should 
 be) in their hearts. <' I would rather," said Bishop Wilson. 
 " send my hearers home smiting on their breasts, than preach 
 the most eloquent sermon in the world." 
 
 With reference to other ways and means by which your 
 labours and services may, with God's blessing, be rendered 
 moj'c effective for the great end and object of the Christian 
 Ministry, which is the glcry of God in the salvation of im- 
 mortal souls, you are all agreed in one point, (though one of 
 you prefers to speak only for himself,) that an increase in the 
 number of the Clergy, which I jn'esiune uiiplics also an in- 
 crease in the nund)er of Rectories or livings, is indispensably 
 necessary. In this sentiment I have already expressed my 
 (>ntire concurrence ; and it appeals to the ]"(>ason and religion, 
 to the mind and the heart, of every man in the Colony, who 
 believes that the great ends and objects I mentioned may be, 
 and who desir(\s they should be, promoted by the ^linistry 
 and Miiiisters of the Church. I cannot conceive how any of 
 your friends and parishioners who, I will not merely say 
 " know you who thus labour among thcMii, and esteem you," 
 as they should do, " very highly in love for your works' 
 sake," — but how any man who loves his country or his 
 Church, or his own soul, can be content to witness the insuf- 
 ficiency of your over-tasked exertions and services, without 
 demanding further help and succour for themselves and their 
 children, in their own first and best, because etei-nal, interests. 
 
 Other suggestions which might be made (some of which 
 have been made by yourselves), such as better accommoda- 
 
 sm. 
 
41 
 
 tion for the poor in your Churches, — the seats free, or, at 
 least, not sold, — an mcrease in the Sunday services, — more 
 friendly or brotherly intercourse and co-operation on the piirt 
 of the Clergy themselves, — association and consultation 
 with the Laity for the support and advancement of the 
 Church and religion, in which the education of th(> poor 
 would necessarily be included — all these arc matters which 
 deserve, to be seriously considered by and among yourselves, 
 and to be brought, as approved and thought practicable, un- 
 der the consideration of those members of the C-hurch and 
 community, who can assist in, or promote them. 
 
 I do not profess to sympathize with that i'vur of giving 
 olfencc, especially in those ^hose duty it is to reprove and 
 rebuke, which passes by faults and failings, or extenuates 
 them, with an affectation of charity, Avhere charity has no 
 place. " T/ic u'imom tluit is front above, la Jimt i)ure, llwii 
 peaveahh, gentle, and easij to he entreated, full of mercij and 
 good J r nits, uithout partiality and wit/tout /lupocrixi/" I venture 
 to think, and to say, that this fear of giving offence, or, as I 
 would call it, want of moral courage, is one of the evils of 
 this Colony, (as I supjjose it is, more or less, of every small 
 community,) which it is your duty, both by precept aiul ex- 
 ample to correct ; specially by bearing to be told your own 
 faults or failings, and thanking those who disclose them to 
 you. The Scripture saith " He il/at luitcth reproof is brutish.'''' 
 Must I ascribe to this fear of giving etfence, the too eomnuin 
 neglect, not of traditions only, but of Rule and Rubric ; in 
 the omission of notices, and altciation or abridgment of of- 
 fices in the Church? That such neglect may, in some cases, be 
 popular and acceptable, I can believe, but not that is is cal- 
 culated to make you respected and useful. Who more strict 
 in his observance of the Church's Rules, than the late Rector 
 of Paget and Warwick, and who more respected, and, by 
 God's grace useful in his generation ? A\'hose memory is 
 more fondly cherished in this place than that of the former 
 
 l ' !" i i i -" 
 
:im.«?s"V.,KWL. 
 
 ■mmn'i>i''^-^i 
 
 ■7>/PiV 
 
 42 
 
 Minister of this Church, who was t-vcr fluently consistent, 
 while consistently gentle. 8ome persons, I am av are plead 
 the authority of the great Apostle who " was mttde,^'' he tells us, 
 " all filings to all men, that hi/ all means lie might save some. ;" 
 hut, in the first place, the Apostle had not hound himself, and 
 was not bound, by Canon and Rubric ; and, in the second 
 place, he by no means gives us to understand, or permits us 
 to suppose, that, by being made all things, he made, or 
 suffered others to make, changes in the Rules or Ordinances 
 appointed by authority for edification. Quite the reverse. 
 Thus he writes to the Corinthians : " Now I praise you, 
 hrethren, that ye remember me in all things, and hecjf the 
 Ordinances, as I delivered them to you.'''' And after severely 
 rebuking those who, coming together into one place, pro- 
 fessedly to eat the Lord's Supper, had partaken of the bread 
 and cup of the Lord unworthily, he adds, "the rest will I set 
 ill order ivhcn I come : " and in another part of this same 
 Epistle, "Let all things he done decently and in order.'^ 
 
 It can only be want of due consideration that allows any 
 person ministering in God's House, and particularly at the 
 Holy Table, to be unmindful of proprieties of dress and de- 
 meanor. I am aware that some clergymen, thinking more of 
 the person than the office, have regarded indifference about 
 costume as an evidence of humility, or that to be precise and 
 particular in such matters is but pride and pedantry. We do 
 not argue in this manner, Avhen invited to a great man's 
 house ; and I think we should all shrink from placing our 
 elbows, or a soiled pocket handkerchief upon his table ; and I 
 feel satisfied if such liberties are taken with the Holy Table, 
 they can only, as I have said, result from the want of due 
 consideration. But they have the effect, I am persuaded, 
 more or less, of making our congregations indiffiu-ent about 
 decorum and reverence ; as seen, for example, in sitting dur- 
 ing the prayers ; a practice I have observed with regret com- 
 mon in the Churches of this Colony, and which w(» must 
 all allow to be contrary to the rule of our Church and 
 
 H 
 
 w 
 
 tl 
 
 t( 
 
 1 
 
 V 
 ( 
 t 
 < 
 
 ( 
 
I 
 
 4? 
 
 Holy Scripture, and to the ideas of decorum and reverence in 
 which churchmen arc brought up. I may perhaps extend 
 tliis remark to the furniture of your churches, and particularly 
 to that in which you are more immediately concerned, — the 
 Bibles and Prayer-books in your Reading-pews and Pulpits. 
 I have been grieved to see, especially in the latter, books 
 which I feel sure you would not allow to remain for a moment 
 on your tables in your houses. And here again you must 
 expect the evil to extend, and I do not know hoAV you could 
 complain of it, in your congregations, (I mean, an indifference 
 about the condition of their books, even their Bibles and 
 Books of Common Prayer,) or how you can reconcile this 
 indifference about the exterior with the due reverence of, and 
 regard for, the contents. 
 
 I have observed with surprise that tiie names of persons 
 desiring the prayers of the congregation in any affliction ; 
 or returning thanks for any special mercy, are frequently, 
 I believe commonly, concealed, by which it appears to 
 me the very object of asking the prayers of the con- 
 gregation and of returning thanks in the Church is defeated. 
 For surely the object in the first case is to awaken the sym- 
 pathy, and engage the petitions of the congregation, specially 
 and particularly for the individual or individuals ; inasmuch 
 as the prayers of the congregation are always put up for all 
 sick and afflicted persons ; ai.d the object of returning thanks 
 in the Church is that the congregation may rejoice with and 
 for the person, and be witnesses of his or her grateful 
 acknowledgments. I hope we may take for granted that ' all 
 Christians desire to return humble and hearty thanks to 
 Almighty God for any and every mercy vouchsafed to them ; 
 but when a special mercy is to be specially acknowledged, it 
 seems strange that we should know only that the acknowledg- 
 ment proceeds from a male or female, or, knowing no more, 
 that we should be informed so much. 
 
 Pardon me, my brethi'cn, if I have proceeded to greater 
 length than you expected, or desired. 
 
ifi#^'i>p' 
 
 44 
 
 lead as I began; 1 ain not sanguine; I entertain but 
 little hope that all, or anything that 1 have said will be of 
 use. I wish I eould have spoken better and to better puj- 
 pose. Perhaps it would have been better if I had spoken 
 less, or less plainly ; but when the heart is full, the mouth 
 will speak, and mine, at least, will speak out. 1 have not 
 refrained, and never will refrain, from telling you your du- 
 ties and dangers, your failings and short -comings ; openly, 
 or privately, as the occasion may require and justify. And 
 if in return I receive no thanks, but, as it may be, the reverse, 
 I have the testimony of my conscience that, next to my care 
 and concern for your people, and, let me add, not the least 
 for the poor men of color, I have no greater desire than to be 
 useful and acceptable to you. In a few days (if it so pleasi; 
 God) I shall have left you, and I never left you with greater 
 pain and reluctance ; not for any comfort or gratification I ha\ o 
 had, or should expect to have, more than usual (God knoweth;, 
 but because I perceive and feel more than ever before your need 
 of succour and sympathy, of help, direction and superintend- 
 ence. I can only hope and pray that God Himself, our 
 Heavenly Father, will be, and do, all this and more for you 
 and your people ; or raise up, if it be His blessed will, a 
 more worthy instrument than myself, for the promotion of 
 these and all His holy and gracious purposes, in and by you, 
 through Jesus Cluist our Lord. 
 
 i 
 
 
i 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 SUMMARY OF THE CONFIRMATIONS^ 
 
 White. 
 
 Coloured. 
 
 
 
 
 (d 
 
 J 
 
 a 
 
 H 
 
 < 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 < 
 
 M 
 
 s 
 
 I- 
 
 
 
 E^ 
 
 • 
 
 H 
 4 
 
 1 3 
 
 9 
 
 ^ < 
 
 (t 
 
 » 
 
 !« 
 
 
 
 4 
 1 
 
 March.— Monday, the 19th. 
 
 rembrokc • • • 
 
 Devonshire 
 
 Tuesday, the 20th. 1 
 
 St. David's , 
 
 St. George's I 
 
 Thursday, the 21st. I 
 
 I'siget I 1 
 
 Warwick 
 
 Friday, the 22nd. 
 
 Sandys '• 
 
 Southampton 
 
 Aprh..— Monday, the 9th. 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 Smith's 
 
 1864. 
 
 Paget 
 
 Warwick 
 
 on 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 16 i 
 
 6 ^ 
 
 11 
 4 n 
 
 12 i! 
 
 1 1 
 
 7 ;! 
 
 M, 
 
 24 1 
 11 ' 
 
 7 
 3 
 
 6 
 4 
 
 15 
 2 
 
 10 
 9 
 
 7 
 4 
 
 30 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 39 
 2 
 
 5 
 19 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 32 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 9 
 
 11 
 13 
 
 
 74 
 11 
 
 21 
 
 54 
 
 32 
 12 
 
 118 
 35 
 
 15 
 13 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 172 i ^0ll_90 jj^5_li28^ 
 "7b Io7those conTrmed in St. George's, 2 were soldiers; 
 and of those in Sandys, 17 were sailors. 
 
 mr:m'^