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 THE 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE COLONIES. 
 
 A LECTURE 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE MEMBERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COLCHESTER LITERARY INSTITUTION. 
 
 ON WEDNESDAY, JANTJABY 22nd, 1851, 
 
 BT THE BIOHT KOSOVSJlBLB 
 
 LORD JOHN MANNERS, M.P. 
 
 PRICE ONE SHILLING. 
 
 1 
 
 LONDON: 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND Co., AND W. H. SMITH AND SON. 
 
 OOLCKESTEB *. JOHN TATLOE, JTTN. 
 1851. 
 
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 THE 
 
 CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE COLONIES. 
 
 A LECTURE 
 
 DELIVERED BEFORE THE MEMBERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COLCHESTER LITERARY INSTITUTION, 
 
 ox ^VEDNESDAY, JAXUARY 22xd, 1851, 
 
 BV THE KKiHT HOXOURAIILE 
 
 LORD JOHN MANNERS, M.P. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND Co., AND W. H. SJIITH AND SON. 
 
 COLCHESTER : JOHN TAYLOR, JUN. 
 
 1851, 
 
^ -r.r >■ M-ar^aaht inik lft*^'«H^ 
 
TO THE MEMBKRS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COLCHESTER LITERAIIY INSTITUTION, 
 
 THIS LECTURE, 
 
 DELIVERED BEFOBE THEM OX THE 22nD OF JANUARY, 1851, 
 
 18 DEDICATED BY THEIR 
 
 FAITHFUL FRIEND AND REPRESENTATIVE, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 London, March, 18&L 
 
THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE COLONIES 
 
 A LECTURE. 
 
 Among all the horrors of burning Troy, with his aged father, his 
 wife, and young child, to lead in safety from its ruins, ^Eneas is 
 represented as earing for the preservation, and that, too, by unpol- 
 luted hands, of his household gods — 
 
 1, " T», genitor, rape sacra ninnu, patriosqiie Penates ; 
 
 Me, beV.o i; laiito, dign'ssum vt cade reccnti, 
 Attrectare nvfus." 
 
 In Dryden's nervous translation — 
 
 " Onr conntry gods, the relics and the bands, 
 Hold you, my father, in your guiltless hands ; 
 In me 'tis impious holy things to bear, 
 Red as I am with slaughter new from war." 
 
 Nor is this merely a beautiful creation of Virgil's genius. His hero 
 is but acting as the heathen ever did act. In eveiy migration, in 
 every colonial enterprise, the old faith, the paternal gods, formed a 
 necessarj' and the most honotired part of the solemn imdertaking. 
 If to the pagans even their false religion was so dear — if their efforts 
 to maintain and propagate it were so constant and so zealous, it 
 would indeed be strange, and worse than strange, should the follow- 
 ers of Him who bade his disciples " go into all the world, and preach 
 the Gospel to every creature," under far more favourable circum- 
 stances, neglect the command of their Lord and Master. And yet, 
 though we can truly assert that England has not declined this mani- 
 fest duty, who can say that she has rightfidly fultilled it ? 
 
 Interesting to the divine, the moralist, and the statesman at all 
 times, this question becomes now, when our colonies are assuming 
 the air and the reality of empires, and the tide of emigration to 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 them is setting in with unprctoclentod force, one of the deepest and 
 most pructical moment 'o all good eiti/ens. Ah'eadyin oiircliief sea- 
 ports arc there Queen's officers to guard and wateli over the departing 
 crowds ; already in our great marts of industrj- and eommercc has the 
 voice of an organised society made itself lieard, urging the unfortunate, 
 the hungiy, the sanguine, and the desponding among our sons of 
 toil, to betake themselves to those pleasant lands where skies are 
 blue, fields fertile, employment plentifid, and men few ; and idready 
 do the annual official retiuns show the enormous number of 2 ri8,870 
 Bouls emigrating to other lands in 1847, of whom 142,150 went to 
 the United States, leanng 110,720 as the year's addition to tho 
 population of what is as yet our Colonial Empire ; nor do I see any 
 reason to suppose that for the next deeadc the annual drain from the 
 mother country will bo materially diminished. 
 
 Now, although of coui'so a considerable proportion of this vast 
 crowd belong to other communions, still it is a fact that tho great 
 mass of the English peasantry and artificers from whose ranks our 
 colonies are mainly settled own the Chiuxh of England as their 
 spiritual mother; and in England, whether they choose to avail 
 themselves of her services or not, all her ministrations arc freely 
 oflEered them. Why, then, if the removal of these sons of toil from 
 their old abodes be a benefit to the English State, should they in 
 their new land of promise find tt ^mselvcs deprived of all those 
 spiritual advantages they enjoyed in the old country ? Yet un- 
 questionably for many, many years this cniel injustice was suffered 
 by oMi colonists ; and if now systematic and successful efforts are 
 made to fulfil this gi*eat duty of a colonising country, they spring 
 from the awakened convictions of individual chiu-chmen rather than 
 from a sense of its obligation on the part of the State. 
 
 But let us do justice to our ancestors. In those fresh and hopeful 
 days, when the New World was in all verity a New World to the 
 inhabitants of the old— 
 
 •' When in the long night-watchos tlie wondrous tale was told, 
 Of isles of fruits and spices, and fields of waving gold," 
 
 colonization in the most august sense of the world was the object 
 aimed at ; it was no " shovelling out of paupers " that Raleigh 
 headed, or Baltimore planned ; and if, as Mr. Anderson complains, 
 
 I 
 
" it is imposHiblc to look abroad upon tlie lundn and sens travorHcd 
 by our countrymen in tliut day, and observe the labours, the con- 
 flicts, the perils, which they encountered, and not feel that it was 
 the thirst of gold, the lust of power, the jealousy of rival thrones 
 which urged them forward to the struggle, and that violence and 
 fraud wore the means which they employed to gain for themselves 
 the ^dctory" (vol i. pp. 124, 126),* it is nevertheless true that in all 
 the letters-patent and charters of the times the religious duty in- 
 volved in those enterprises was clearly set forth. Thus, in the in- 
 structions drawn up by the veteran Master Pilot of Edward VI., 
 Sebastian Cabot, for Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition, wo read — 
 
 " Item, that tho morning and evening prayor, with other common jei-vices 
 appointed by the King's Maicstie and laws of this Ilealmo to bo read and saide 
 in every ship daily by the minister in tho Admirall, and tho marclmnt or some 
 otlier person learned in other ships, and tho Bible or paraphrases to bo read 
 devoutly and Christianly to God's honor, and for his grace to be obtained and 
 )iad by liumble and heartio prayer for the Navigants accordingly." -pp. 3:3, 34. 
 
 And no sooner had Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed on tho shores of 
 Newfoundland in 1583 than he proceeded to enact a law establishing 
 the public exercise of religion " according to tho Church of England " 
 (p. 71); while in the royal ordinance accompanying tho Charter 
 granted by James I. to tho Virginian Company provision "was mado 
 "that the time word and ser^•icc of God be preached, planted, and 
 used, not only in the colonies, but also as much as might be among 
 the savages bordering upon them, and this according to the rites and 
 doctrines of tho Church of England." Each ship that bore those 
 knight errants of the ocean to Bermuda or Jamestown carried a chap- 
 lain, whose first care on landing was to raise a Church for his littlo 
 congregation to worship in ; and as soon as the young colony foirnd 
 a legislative voice a stipend for the clergy, at the rate of 1, '0 
 pounds of tobacco and 16 barrels of flour annually, was voted by the 
 Virginian Parliament. "As each new borough (I am quoting Mr. 
 Hawkins)! was formed it was ordered that a portion of glebe land 
 should be set apart for the use of the incumbent. Tithes were after- 
 
 •The History of the Church of England in the Colonies, by the Rev. James Ander- 
 son, M.A. 1848. 
 
 +Hl8torical Notices of the Missions of the Church of England in the North Ame- 
 rican Colonies, by Ernest Flawkins. B.D. Is4'i. 
 
 ' ;l 
 
^ 
 
 wards iiiHtituted. Discipline was enforced by lawy, wliicli it must 
 be admitted were unjustifiably severe ; and a peremptory enactment 
 was passed that none but ministers episcopally ordained should be 
 allowed to olRciate in the colonv " 
 
 When Sir Edwin Sandys was elected Treasurer ot the Virginian 
 Company in 1G19, he and his associates " proposed the erection of a 
 college in Henrico for the training and educating the chilcbrn of the 
 natives in the knowledge of tiio ti'uc God. A letter had already 
 been issued by James I. to the Archbishops authorizing them to 
 invite members of the Clmrch througliout the kingdom to assist in 
 the prosecution of this and other kindred works of piety." Mr. 
 Anderson gives this remarkable state paper, and observes — " It is, I 
 believe, the first document of the kind ever issued in this country 
 i^c the benefit of its foreign possessions. It bears upon its front 
 the most distinct and ojjen avow al of the obligation laid upon a 
 Christian empire to uphold and spread abroad tlte Christian name'' 
 (p. 315). An estate of 300 acres was granted for the nuiintenancc 
 of the superintendence of the new college, and many munificent pri- 
 vate contributions answered the Royal appeal. 
 
 Nor was this spirit diminished in Cluu'les I.'s days. In a familiar 
 
 letter to Lord Strafford, tlie persevering founder of Maiyland, Lord 
 
 Baltimore thus describes his labours and their result :— 
 
 "I liave, as I siaid, nt last, l)y tlie help uf some of your Lordship's good 
 friends, and mine, overcome those difficulties, and sent a hopeful colony into 
 Maryland, with a fair and probable txpeetation of good success ; however, 
 without danger of any great prejudice unto myself, in respect thai many otliers 
 are joined with me in the adventure. There are two of my brothers gone with 
 very near twenty other gentlemen of very gcoi\ Janhiun, and 300 labouring men 
 well provided in all things." 
 
 Well would it have been for Australian colonies if " adventures" 
 
 so headed and so provided hud first brought those glorious lands 
 
 under the sway of English ci\ili/ation ; and v, ell would it be for tlic 
 
 English aristocracy if more of its cadets threw themselves into the 
 
 van of such enterprises, and beciune, as of old right, the leaders of 
 
 their emigrating people I Mr. Hawkins limits the number of Lord 
 
 lialtimore's settlers to 200, and semis him out iu person with tliem 
 
 fp. 13); but the passage I have (luoted seems conclusive on both 
 
 these ])oints. 
 
m 
 
 Meanwhile, however, MuBsachuaetts hud been settled by ihe In- 
 dependents ; and althouf^h one ciinnot but sympathize to some extent 
 with the dctemiined religious zeal of " the Pilgnm Fathers," and 
 heartily admire Mrs. Ileman's magnificent lyiic in their praise, such 
 a settlement was not calculated to strengthen the hold of the Eng- 
 lish Church on the new plantations. 
 
 How Pennsylvania was settled is well known ; and thus (as Mr. 
 Hawkins remarks) " of four important and extensive provinces 
 peopled from our shores during the seventeenth century, thi'ce were 
 settled by colonists hostile to the Church of England — Massachusetts 
 by Independents, Maryland by llomanists, and Pennsylvania by 
 Quakers;" still, had the same spirit animated subsequent Sovereigns 
 and Rulers at homo which guided Raleigh and Delawarr, Quton 
 Elizabeth, and the two first Stuarts, 1 feel convinced that, tolerated 
 ns the Church was in those provinces, at least for some time, she 
 would soon have acquired a firm footing in the infant States ; it 
 was to the apathy and lukewannness of Church and State at homo 
 from the Restoration to the American War that the insignificance 
 of the Church in those provinces is to be attributed ; not to the vice 
 of their original foundation. The present ttonrishing condition of 
 the unestablished American Church, even in those States quoted by 
 Mr. Hawkins, is a sufficient proof that, where no restraining, though 
 nominally friendly, secular power is exercised against the Church, 
 she will strike her roots deeply and spread her branches fruitfully. 
 One hundred and seventy years elapsed from the first colonization 
 of America before a Bishop was consecrated to guide the fortunes of 
 her Episcopal Church, and in the interval her fair provinces M'ere 
 wrested from the English Crown. Yet it must iiot be thought 
 that the great men whose names shed a lustre on the annals of the 
 English Church through that eventful period were indifiV'rent as to 
 the fate of her eldest daughter in the faith : Laud and Clarendon, 
 Berkeley and Stanhope, (xibson and Sherlock, Seeker and Louth, 
 and Tenison, all spoke and wrote, devised and struggled, but in vain, 
 for a Colonial Episct pate. To the suffering C'huroh in Scotland is 
 tho honour due of nupplying that spiritual need of her American 
 sister, and in 1784 was Doctor Seabury consecrated first Bishop of 
 the American Chnrcli by Bishops Kilgour, IVtrie, and Skinner, at 
 
I: 
 
 I 
 
 
 10 
 
 Aberdeen. Three yeai's later the llev. William White and the llev. 
 Samuel Provost, .duly elected to the Sees of rcmisylvania and New- 
 York, were consecrated at Lambeth by the Primate of all England, 
 assisted by the Archbishop of York and t^^'o Suffragans. Wonderful 
 in the last half century has been the growth of that long oppressed 
 and despised Church ! From a statistical table just published it 
 appears that she now numbers 32 Bishops, 1,557 Clerg}-, and 87,794 
 communicants. 
 
 It was but natiiral that the loss of tb " revolted pro^'inces should 
 make statesmen at home ponder the causes Avhich produced among 
 our colonists a spirit so ready for rebellion ; and no doubt many a 
 word of disregarded warning which had fruitlessly pleaded for the 
 Colonial Church was now remembered. The remaining colonies, 
 whose lojalty had stood the test of the War of Independence were 
 formed into a Diocese, and the Rev. Charles Inglis, a refugee royal- 
 ist, was consecrated Bishop of Nova Scotia in 1787 ; while, with a 
 view to assimilate society in the colonies to that well-ordered polity 
 Avhich had so long obtained in England, Mr. Pitt inserted in tho 
 Quebec Bill a power to create a colonial peerage. How is it that 
 lip to this moment not one such peerage has been created, and that 
 in all our colonics we have surrounded the distant throne with 
 republican institutions ? Not only, in my opinion, ought there to 
 be a colonial peerage, but the Queen should be the Sovereign of a 
 Colonial Order of Knighthood. If, as is sometimes said, practical 
 difficulties stand in the way of such creations, it is only a proof that 
 we do not possess the lU't of colonization unless we can surmount 
 them ; but I do not believe in tho shameful pica ; and let us hopo 
 ere long to sec in Australasia a perfect rejiroduction of that imperial 
 polity which has given to England a preponderating influence in tho 
 Old World and the fairest provinces of tho New. 
 
 At the time of Bishop Inglis' s consecration there were five Cler- 
 gymen in Nova Scotia; in 1848 there were fifty, while 290 Clergy 
 were ministering in tho fresh Dioceses that had been formed, viz., 
 Quebec, 1793; Toronto, 1839; Newfoundland, 1839; Fredericton, 
 1845; and the complete machinery of the Church of England was 
 in full and energetic motion throughout tho whole of our North 
 American pro\-inces. The following extracts from the Bishop of 
 
 i 
 
 H 
 
11 
 
 Nova Scotia's Journal of Visitation in 1843 will perhaps interest 
 you ; they show the value set upon Church of England ministrations 
 by the poor colonists, the toils and labours of a Colonial Clergy, and 
 the necessity of that subdiAdsion of the Diocese which happily took 
 took place in 1845. Full of years that venerable man has lately 
 passed away from the scene of those earthly labours he so well 
 loved. The area of his Diocese in square miles was 15,000 ; the 
 population, 164,126; number of Clergy, 50. He is sailing along 
 tlio North Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia : — 
 
 " Marie Joseph, Saturday, July 1.'). — Our carpenter's crew fitted up a barn 
 very neatly and comfortably with flags, so tliat nearly 200 persons were con- 
 veniently accommodated. Mr. Jamieson had made Ins way through rough 
 paths and by boats with some difficulty to meet us here. He read prayers, 
 Mr, Stephenson preached, and I confirmed thirty-nine persons, whom, as well 
 as the congregation at largo, I twice addressed, and administered the Lord's 
 Supper to several who had long been deprived of this holy privilege. The 
 attention of all (for all remained till the close of all the services) was most 
 becoming, and -videly difi'erent from the want of feeling exhibited in this place 
 when I made my first visit to it." 
 
 •' Bathursti New Bandon, Tuesday, August VHh, — Mr. Woolmer drove the 
 the Rev. A. Somerville and myself sixteen miles over a very bad road to New 
 Bandon. This settlement on the Bay of Cheleur has been brought into a 
 comfortable state by Brotfistant emigrants from Bandon, in the county of Cork; 
 and a very large majority of them are members of our Communion. With the 
 aid of the society they have completed a vci-y neat little Church, which is very 
 creditable to the poor people, who were greatly cheered in the work by the at- 
 tentions of Mr. Somerville, for whom they entertain much afiection. Nearly 
 one hundred and fifty persons were crowded into the little building, which they 
 regard with affectionate pride." 
 
 In his summaiy of this visitation the Bishop says :— - 
 
 " It has been my happy employment to consecrate twenty-two churches and 
 twenty burial grounds, to hold three ordinations, in which five deacons and 
 four priests have been ordained, and forty-four confirmations, in which 1,197 
 persons were confirmed ; to deliver 107 sermons or addresses, at which nearly 
 nine thousand hearers attended ; and in effecting this I have ti'avelled more 
 than three thousand miles and more tlian one hundred in open boats. I have 
 observed a growing estimation of the value of the ordinances of tlie Church, 
 which has been manifested by ^.hc increased gratitude to the two great Church 
 Societies in England for their instrumentality in conveying rich blessings to 
 all parts of these colonies, and by numerous and heart-stirring solicitations in 
 in all places for an increase — a large increase, of the ministry of the Word and 
 Sacraments."* 
 
 ♦ Church in the Colouies. No. ;l. 
 
12 
 
 These extracts may suffice to show tliut in oue gi'cat portion of 
 our North American empire tlie settlers from tlie old country will 
 not for the future find theiuselves entirely destitute of all the ap- 
 pointed means of grace ; nor is the ■slew less cheering if wc turn to 
 the banks of the mighty St. Lawrence. There, for GOO miles in 
 length, from Northumberland to ]3eauharnois, extend the dioceses 
 of Uuebec and Montreal, containing about 225,000 souls in com- 
 munion with the Church of England, and scn-ed by 80 Clergy ; but 
 here, as if to sliame oiir rulers by the contrast, is found, in the en- 
 dowed Church of Eome, a proof of what kings of the ]}ourbon race 
 thought was the duty and privilege of nursing fathers of the Church; 
 and when the fate of war snatched from reluctant France these fair 
 provinces her rulei's took care that th(> property and independence of 
 that Church should be guaranteed and maintained. Still, in spite 
 of past neglect, and, it is to be fi-ai-ed, present disfavour, even among 
 those old lloman Catholic settlements, is the Church of England 
 watching over the spiritual interests of her children, and gradually 
 enlarging her borders ; her loyalty at all times has been conspicuously 
 displayed, and I fear that had it been less prominent ministers and 
 governors would have been found less disposed to treat with con- 
 tempt her clauTis and remonstrances. 
 
 Such, too, appears to be the opinion of the Bishop of Montreal. In 
 
 the general observations at the conclusion of his Visitation Journal 
 
 of 1 843 he says : — 
 
 " It cannot be without feelings of sorrow and shame and feai" tliat wo see ft 
 mighty Government like that of Great Britain, which has spent millions in this 
 country upon fortifications and military works, and which can allow a sum 
 probably not short of X'100,000 to bo spent in a few months (in a particular 
 instance) for little more than • .latters of ])ara'ie, should suffer its own people — 
 in broad and reproachful contrast, in every single particular, to the institutions 
 founded by the old colonists of the Crown of France — should suffer its own 
 people, members of the Church of the empire, to starve and languish with 
 reference to the supply of their spii-itual wants — establishing no institutions 
 for educating and forming the youth of the country — making no provision 
 whatever for planting houses of God over the land, or of creating, training, and 
 supporting an order for teaching priests for the people — intfifering with and 
 abridging tlie means which do exist for the maintenance and perpetuation of 
 religion in the country — declining to follow up, in any efficient laanner, the 
 plans laid down when the see of Quebec was established— limiting to the lives 
 of the present incumbents the salaries which, in half-a-dozen instances, are 
 pnjoyed by ecclesiastics of tiie Church Establishment — parcelling out, among 
 
10 
 
 different religious bodies, the very Clergy reserves wliieli had belonged to tlio 
 Cliurch alone, and keeping the management of them in its own hands, under a 
 system which impedes their profitableness, and threatens the most alarming 
 Hacriliues, in the shape of sales — leaving its emigrant children to scatter them- 
 selves here and there over the country, upon their arrival, without any digested 
 plan for the formation of settlements, or any guide (had it not been for the 
 Society which I am addressing)* to lead them rightly in tlieir now trials, 
 temptations, and responsibilities. The influenee which has presided over the 
 proceedings of Government, in relation to the Clinrch in these colonies, ap- 
 pears, in the mysterious counsel of Divine Providence, to have resembled some 
 enchantment which abuses the mind." 
 
 This is strong language, but not stronger, T fear, than the truth 
 M'arrants. In our Colonies, as well as at home, it has of late years 
 been the fashion to thwart and vex the Church of England, wliile 
 encouraging and petting other communions, more espociidly that of 
 Home. 
 
 Since, however, the above Avas wTitten, two events have occurred 
 which cannot fail to cheer and encourage Canadian Cluirchmcn, and 
 lessen that feeing of hostility with which they were becoming ac- 
 customed to regard the nders of the State. The vast diocese of 
 Quebec has been sub-divided into two, and Prince Rupert's Land 
 is constituted an episcopal see : thus that enonnous tract of country, 
 stretching from the frontier of the United States to the northern 
 limits of exploration, and from the western boundary of Canada to 
 to the Pacific Ocean, is, in its colonial infancy (for although granted 
 by Cliarles II. to the Hudson's Bay Company the whole population 
 is not reckoned greatly to exceed 100,000 souls), supplied with the 
 spiritual superintendence requisite to render it a happy ucan- home 
 for emigrating Cliurchmen. The Earl of Selkirk, in 1811, founded 
 a settlement on the banks of the Red River, and here the main body 
 of English colonists appear to be settled, in number rather more than 
 5,000, of whom about half are Churchmen, half Roman Catholics. 
 This will be the seat of Bishop, and here last Christmas-day he 
 hoped to ordain the first North American Indian to the work of the 
 Ministry, r rom the recent charge of the Bishop of Fredericton we 
 learn that in his diocese of XeAv Brunswick " the total number of 
 consecrated Churches is 79, of licensed Clergy 49, of Comnumicants 
 2,96G;" and, adds the Bishop, "on looking over the map of the 
 
 - The Society for the Propagation of the Gonpel. 
 
 hi 
 
u 
 } 
 
 '' 
 
 A 
 
 ih 
 
 
 i; 
 
 §■ 
 
 
 14 
 
 province I think it will bo tbnnd that tlu» Clinrch of England has 
 either a eonsocratcd hnilding or a station at about every place of 
 importance in the province where there are any members of our 
 communion to bo found." The Canadian horizon, it is true, is now 
 overshadowed with portentous clouds; but if the "baneful domi- 
 nation " of a spurious liberalism be removed, and that noble depen- 
 dency be treated as an integral part of the British Empire, — if the 
 Church, the sacred symbol among men of order, peace, and good- 
 will, bo secured in the free exercise of her rights and duties, and 
 the laboiu" of her industrious sons be fostered and encoui'aged by 
 wise Imperial legislation, then we may confidently expect to see 
 the power, prowess, loyalty, religion, and laws of England reflected 
 in those mighty inland seas, and in those " abounding" rivers which 
 now impatiently tolerate the impress of the union-jack on their 
 ruffled bosoms. The total number of Clergy in North America ; 
 now not less than 395. 
 
 I would willingly direct your attention to the laboui's and pros- 
 pects of the Chmxh in Newfoundland, Labrador, and Upper Canada ; 
 but as the general features arc the same with those Gketched by the 
 Bishops of Montreal and Nova Scotia, and as I wish to trace, how- 
 ever slightly, the settlement and fortunes of the Church in all quar- 
 ters of the globe, I reluctantly leave North America, its rugged 
 coasts, boundless forests, allu\'ial plains, and doubtful future, for the 
 mysterious and ancient East — that East, the treasure-house of a 
 thousand traditions, and where the djTiasties, conflicts, laws, and 
 customs of earliest eld are re-produced in the glare of the nineteenth 
 century. Strange and veiy solemn is it to think that English Chris- 
 tian soldiers, thi'oe years {igo, were fighting against the descendants 
 of the same people, in the same plains, who, more than two thousand 
 years ago, resisted the arms of " Macedonia's madman." Is that 
 reflection rendered less solemn by any strong conviction that we had 
 more of justice on our side than Alexander had on his ? Alas ! I 
 fear that the passes of Cabul and the banks of the Ganges were 
 crimsoned with Inf'ian blood in no better quarrel than that which 
 "the god-like hero" waged on the Ilydaspes and the Indus; but I 
 gladly recognize one great difference. Had Alexander's valour es- 
 tablished Macedonian rule in India, Bacchus might have succeeded 
 
15 
 
 to Rama, and the divine Hunnimfin given place to Pan ; but the 
 cause of civilization and religion would not have gained by the 
 change, nor, with all my admiration of Alexander, do I think his 
 rule would have been wiser or better than that of Poms. ]^ow, at 
 any rate, if the Cross does not precede, it follows close in the wake 
 of English victoiy, and wins over to its blessed dominion myriads 
 of converted heathens. It is in this spirit that the large-hearted and 
 energetic Metropolitan of India, writing home to the Society for the 
 Propagation of the (Jospel soon after our last victories, exclaims — 
 "As to the Agra bishopric, now a part of this unwieldy diocese, and 
 stretcliing over the conquered Punjaub, the necessity of a see being 
 s-rected is as clear as the sun at noonday." 
 
 But let us look back a little and see from what small and dis- 
 couraging beginnings the Indian Church has gradually emerged to 
 her present hopeful station. We have seen that in tlic early settle- 
 ments and colonies of America the spread of Christianity was, if 
 not a prominent, at least a recognised element ; and hence, while we 
 are justly surprised that in after years the State at home threw every 
 foolish impediment in the way of the Colonial Church, we are not 
 astonished by the present floiuishing condition of the Cluu-ch in 
 America ; but our Indian empire spra ig from a very diflPerent origin, 
 and was based on veiy different principles from those which stamped 
 the colonization of our North American provinces. It was no love 
 of religious freedom, no spirit of naval knight-errantry, no prompt- 
 ing of unconquerable loyalty disdaining a republican home, no lofty 
 ambition to found a new state, which led the Englishman to India. 
 To traffic with the princes and chiefs of the gorgeous East was the 
 Bole and very legitimate object of the new Company, which in 1600 
 obtairied a charter from Elizabeth ; and even the erection of a fort 
 and factory does not appear to have been contemplated by the firtt 
 adventurers. In 1612 the first factory was built at Surat, and in 
 1636 the Nabob of Bengal permitted the Company to erect one at 
 Hoogley, from whence its permanent establishment in India may be 
 dated. Successive monarehs enlarged the chartered powers of the 
 Company, until at last, impelled by what men call circumstances, and 
 even against the recorded wishes of its governors at home, that ano- 
 malous body found itself virtually governing that enormous country 
 
If. 
 
 n 
 
 ^vitll V hich a eentiiry before it could with diftii'ulty force a pro- 
 cnrio\is commerce. " The Company (suys Mr. Wilson), or rather 
 the individuals of the direction hy whom the corporaticm was go- 
 verned, were in a great dogi'ee dead to those feelings which urge the 
 mind to good and great actions. They in fact recognised no motive 
 but a desire to enrich themselves, their relations, and dependents."* 
 No wonder, then, while such was the origin of our Indian empire, 
 and such the spirit whii'h for a centmy and a half animated the 
 councils of the Company, that wo hear nothing of the Church, and 
 but little (that little too condenmatory) of (Christianity, in the strange 
 records of that strange corporation. But when the purely commer- 
 cial money-making itharacter of the Company was put an end to^ 
 when not only de facto but de jurr the mighty shadow of English law 
 and impeiial rule was thrown over conquered or tributaiy India — 
 when the performance of the highest duties of a Christian goveni- 
 ment might be anticipated from that body to which a Christian 
 empire had confided privileges and powers never yet confen-ed on 
 subjects, it is a matter of concern and wonderment to find the original 
 evil element so strong as to nuake even a Malcolm protest against the 
 propagation of the Gospel; and the Company in 1833 declare, in 
 opposition to a Whig Government, that they olyected to the proposed 
 extension of the Episconid Establishment as not called for by the 
 necessities of the case, and as incompatible with the duty of the 
 Company owed to the natives of India. Malcolm wrote before that 
 succession of bishops, commencing with Middlcton in 1813, and 
 ending with Turner in 1830, had shed a lustre on the Indian Church, 
 and shown by their early and quickly following deaths the necessity 
 of sub-dividing the gigantic see of Calcutta. But the Directors of 
 1833 had no such excuse to offer. Then every mail from India was 
 bringing back some laudatory memorial of saintly Heber ; then a 
 flood of Christian light and graceful learning had by the publication 
 of his Journal been poured upon Central India from Bombay to 
 Bengal ; then, by the manifested anxiety of whole districts to listen 
 to the Christian missionaries, had the fatal error of supposing that 
 English rule in India depended upon our virtual denial of Christi- 
 anity been abundantly and for ever exposed and refuted ; then a 
 
 » Wilson's ' India.' Vol. III., p. 549. 
 
17 
 
 liighor and nolilcr ii])pn'i.'i;ilioii of Kiigl:iiiirs iio-^ition unil duties in 
 n-giird to her Coloiiiiil cnipin.' liad ubtaiuod unioiif? u\\ classes; and 
 yet the nienjlnint princort to whose i-ule the mighty East was en- 
 trusted could adopt no loftier view of tlieir responsibilities than that 
 taken by their predecessors of the (Jeorgiun era. But their opposi- 
 tion was fruitless, un<l from 1833 may be dated that great Christian 
 impulse which in God's good time will coUect into the Church those 
 millions of Mahommedans and Hindoos, whoso conversion a genera- 
 tion ago was looked upon as the idle or rather mischievous dream of 
 impotent fanatics. 
 
 When Ileber arrived at Calcutta in 1824 he found but 15 Clergy, 
 n; d was installed in a cathedral not larger, or more iujposing, than an 
 ordinary toAvn church. "When the new cathedral of St. Paul was 
 consecrated in 1817, 40 clergy and 20 divinity students occupied 
 their proper stalls in its spacious choir, and the clergy of the dioceso 
 of Calcutta alone were 113, while in the suffragan dioceses of Madras 
 and Bombay, So clergy in the former, and 33 in the latter, were 
 devoting their energies to the great work. Speaking of his new 
 cathedral, Bishop Wilson says — " It gives a front and face to Chris- 
 tianity — it claims India as the Lord's. AVhen th(> Chapter is fonned 
 it will give a status to the (Jospel in the heart of our magnificent 
 heathen and Mahonunedan enipire. It will naturalise the Christain 
 religion." 
 
 But it is in the South of India that the Church of England is 
 winning over, with a rapidity almost unixampled since the Apostolic 
 days, the heathen natives to Christianity. Tinnevelly, in the diocese 
 of Madras, ^^^th a population of nearly a million, bids fair to become 
 in a few years exclusively Christian. Those Evangelical men, 
 Schwartz and Joeniche, first preached the Gospel in I'alamcotta and 
 the neighbourhood about 1 792, and the latter concluded his report 
 of their proceedings with these prophetic words — "There is every 
 reason to hope that at a future p(>riod Christianity will prevail in 
 the Tinnevelly country." In 77 villages no less than 2,676 persons 
 were added to those under Christian instruction m 1843, 1844; and 
 in 1847 the total number of natives either admitted into the Church, 
 or catechumens seeking admittance, in Tinnevelly was 36,219.* 
 
 ♦ Report of the Society for the Propngiuion of the Gospel for 18 js. p. 92. 
 
 I 
 
M 
 
 
 f' 
 
 18 
 
 Devil-toniploH in many places have been uvmIo ovor to tlic missiou- 
 nries, and schools nrc everywhero i-stablisliod, and well attended ; 
 tlio total number of native children at those schools in the diocese of 
 Madras M'as, in 1847, 4,381 ; wliilc even from the natives who ad- 
 here still to their old faith no opposition or ill-will is experienced. In 
 September last the Uishop held his first Ordination, and had the {^rati- 
 lication of admitting two natives to Holy Orders. " The solemn act 
 of setting them apiu't to the holy office was to me," says the llishop, 
 " and I know also to many others, most afiecting and instructive. 
 It is a day to be remembered by us. 1 could not help hoping and 
 prajnng as I received these natives into the sacred office that they 
 might prove the first-fruits of a glorious harvest of holy and devoted 
 ministers, whose fruit shoidd shake like Lebanon and sliould make 
 those of this countiy to ' fiourisli like the gi-ass of the earth.' " From 
 the diocese of Bombay similar accounts arc received ; and, in tlie 
 emphatic words of her Metropolitan, " India is moving from Cape 
 Comorin to the Hunalayas, from the Caspian to the Irrawady." 
 
 Old jealousies, unreasonable fears, the musty saws of red tape 
 officials, the abominations of devil- worshij), and even the prejudices 
 of caste, are giving way before the iiresistible inlluence of Christian 
 truth. 
 
 The rich and fertile island of Ceylon, with a population of 
 1,346,824, was separated from the see of Ma(bus, and erected into 
 the diocese of Columbo in 1845. llecent debates in rarliament 
 have thrown no little light on the difficulties which ancient super- 
 stitions and national customs intei-pose in the way of a Christian 
 bishop and clergj-. But even here the Church of i:ngland is 
 gradually accomplishing her work, and endeavouring not only to 
 minister to the spiritual wants of her English members, but to 
 impart the blessings of Christianity to the Cingalese. Ceylon, liow- 
 evcr, presents but a discouraging aspect to the Churchman : he sees 
 thousands of degraded natives with Siva's brand on their foreheads, 
 and many an old Portuguese and Dutch Church disused and foiling 
 into decay, so that in some distiicts, such as Jaffna in the North, hea- 
 thenism will appear to be the aggressive, and Christianity the 
 waning, form of religion. Ceded fifty years ago to England, the 
 island has not seen one Church worthy of the name built in all that 
 
I;tii 
 
 19 
 
 timo; so that in tlic stavtliii<i' liMi<j:ntigo of the ITisIk.)*, "wcro liiilish 
 nil<i to bccoino, in tlicchimgcs l>rou}^htuboutl)y tlic provitlcnco of (Jod 
 from year to your, a fact of liistory to-morrow, no visibl*! impress would 
 bo Hocn of our faith in tlio whole fuco of the land;" while of the 
 numerous and fre<iuontly handsome churclics, built by our J'ortu- 
 guese and Dutch i)redec'OHsors, some ai*o in niins, some tiu'ncd to 
 soculur uses, some into school-rooms, and othoi's granted to the 
 vario»i8 communions which comprise tlic Christian population. Of 
 these the Wesleyans appear the most energetic and flourishing. 
 Tlie liishop pronounced their schools to be the best in Jaffna, where 
 he found teachers and scholars attending daily prayer in the chapel, 
 morning and evening, and chanting the English liturgy slightly 
 a1)ri(lged ! A thousand children arc tlnis l)eing educated by these 
 zealous followers of John Wesley, nnd in the work of evangelizing 
 the heathen America is jdaying no inconsiderable part. When Hebcr 
 visited the island in l82o there were nine American missionaries, 
 with about a hundi-ed converts, and several ilourishiug schools : 
 their collegia at Tkdtacotta had just l)een established. When Bishop 
 Cliapnuui inspected it in 181() "Tliere wert> 124 youths present, 
 and all assembled in a largi? excellent school-room in their native 
 costume. They were tii-st examined by Mr. Twisingt^m, the princi- 
 pal, in Scripture historj", and then in astronomy, in which they take 
 groat delight, by a very intelligent teacher. They Averc as well 
 disciplined as instructed ; a healthy and sober tone prevaded the 
 whole institution." 
 
 These schools arc maintained by subscriptions raised in America, 
 and afford a most cheering proof of the living Christian sympathy 
 that exists between the English and American branches of the 
 Church universal. The kindred female school is at Oodooville ; hero 
 102 native girls are educated and maintained from childhood to woman- 
 hood. The Bishop l)ear8 the strongest testimony to the efficiency of 
 these American missions, and candidly owns that in them "the 
 system of the primitive Church is here carried out more consistently 
 than is usual among ourselves."* At Trincomalc the Church occunics 
 a commanding position, and displays somewhat of " the boautj of 
 holiness." " Education," writes the Bishop, " is doing its work well ; 
 
 • Bishop of Columbo's VisiUUioii Journal. Part 1, p. 2s. 
 
 I 
 
 y 
 
20 
 
 
 flio })foi)k* oonstnntly imd ('iiithrully visited; tlie ordinances and 
 services of the Cluirch dtdy and fully ()])sorved. All seemed in liur- 
 mony with the loveliness of the wenery. The magnificent harbour, 
 of expanse enough for England's noblest navies to anchor in, per- 
 fectly land-locked, like a beautiful inland lake, Htudded with green 
 islets, and surrounded by wooded hills, and skirted with its silvery 
 edge of sand and foam, presented a scene to the eye of which it 
 Bcemcd as if it could never weaiy." I would willingly transcribe 
 Bishop Chapmau's account of the Veddahs — the unfortunate abori- 
 gines of the island — a dwarfish, black, half-brutish race, Avhom it is 
 proposed to care for, and elevate in the social scale : but we nnist 
 hurry on and pass from the island of cofl'ee and sjjices, silkworms 
 and cinnamon, with its remains of former European possessors and 
 Cliristian conmiunities, to the vast jmiiries and uni'xplored forests of 
 New Zealand. The clergy in Ceylon are 3G in number. 
 
 Discovered in 1642 by Tasman, the Dutch navigator, and visited 
 more than once })y Cook, to whom they owe those agi'ceable articles 
 of food, pigs and potatoes, the islands of New Zealand, from 1773, 
 the date of his last visit, were but I' .tie frequented till 1810, when 
 Mr. Marsden, the King's Chaplain in New South Wales, and 
 emphatically the Schwartz of New Zealand, induced the Church 
 Missionary Society to send out a mission to tiieir dreaded coasts. 
 After several negotiations with some of the more friendly chiefs, 
 Mr. Marsden and his party landed on a small isltind at the northern 
 extremity of the group, on the 19th of December, 1814, and on the 
 24th the neighbouring chiefs fitted up a place for the perfonnance 
 of Divine service; an immense congregation attended, and on the 
 folloA^-ing day the missionaries, Jielped by the natives, set about to 
 erect their houses. In 1820 one of the missionaries, Mr. Kendall, 
 returned to England Avith two chiefs, and with their help a New 
 Zeahmd Grammar was aiTanged at Cambridge, under the direction of 
 Professor Lee. In 1822 the Ilev. H. Williams was sent out as a 
 missionarj', and in 1830 the settlement at the Waimate was es- 
 tablished. Here bricks were burnt, ploughs and other agricultural 
 implements made, schools established, the Holy Scriptures and the 
 Liturgy translated. From the Waimate, in short, have civilization 
 and religion been diffused throughout the isiunds. A printing press 
 
21 
 
 arrived in 1835, and in 1838 the Hislioi) of Australia visited tlie 
 now flouriiiliing mission, and gavo in his report to the Cluircli Mis- 
 sionarj' Society a most satisfactory account of the conduct and 
 temper of the converted natives. AVhat a sci'ne for a painter is tliis 
 description of a religious assembly ! " The grey-haired man and 
 the aged woman took their places, to read and undergo examination, 
 among their descendants of the second and third generations. The 
 chief and slave stood side by side, with tho same holy volume in 
 their hands, and exerted their endeavours each to surpass tho other 
 in returning proper answers to the qiu>stions })ut to them concerning 
 what ihey had been readi.i.g. "* It was not till 1839 that the first 
 systematic ottcmpt at colonization was made, so that in Xew Zealand 
 ot any rate the Cross preceded cemmerce. In the following year 
 Ca])tain Ilobson was ajjpointed liieutenant-Governor of the new 
 colony, and in 1812 Bishop Selwyn, whos(> name is imperishably 
 associated with tho future greatness of IsVw Zealand, and in whom 
 arc combined the highest qualities of statesman and prelate, colonist 
 and missionar}', an-ived at Auckland. We easy folks ot homo have, 
 since that time, been alternately irritat(Ml an 1 wearied with details of 
 official mismanagement, native ferocity, conflicts between tLc New 
 Zealand Company and the Crown, autl insurrections against flag- 
 poles, headed by cliiefs with unpronounceable names. But through 
 these dreary annids of crime, folly, or mischance, but little appears 
 to indicate that all the while Christianity, with civilization as her 
 handmaid, was making sure if silent progress under the sacred ban- 
 ner of the Church of England. Up tlu; varied channel of the !Mana- 
 watu, hemmed in by wooded precipices, across the sterile sandstone 
 hills of Aropanui, through tho darksome forest of liotoma, and by 
 the strange hot-springs of Wakarewarewa, from '\\'cllington in the 
 south to Auckland in the north of New Ulster, did the Bishop, on 
 foot and in open boats, sometimes riding, sometimes swimming, 
 sleeping on dried fern, ajad ministering tn the bodily wants no less than 
 the spiritual improvement of his wearied native companions, make 
 himself in four mouths acquainted with the heart of his diocese. 
 The following extract from his Jomnal tells so well and so artlessly 
 
 * .Vuuals of the Diocese of New Zeiilaml. p. '-i-.. 
 
22 
 
 
 i'ij 
 
 ■it" 
 
 4 
 
 ;■* 
 
 "i ' 
 
 ii 
 
 what the labours of a real mi^sioiiiiry liishnp are in the uinetecnlh 
 century, that I must give it you in lull : — 
 
 "Tuestlay: January 2ikI. — My last pair of tliick sliois being worn out, nntl 
 my feet much blistered witli walking the day before on tlio stiuniis wliicli I 
 was obliged to tie to my insteps with piecej of native flax, T bon-owed a horse, 
 and rode twelve miles to Mr. llcnilin's mission station on Mannkau Harbour. 
 After breakfast, wind and tide being favourable, I sailed across the harbour, a 
 noble sheet of water, but very dangerous from shoals and frtMjuoncy of s(iu»lls. 
 At noon I landed at Onohunga with my faitiifiil Maori, llota (Lot), who hud 
 steadily aceompanied me from Kepiti, carrying my bag of gown and cassock, 
 the only remaining article in my possession of the least value. 'I'ho suit whicli 
 T wore was kept sufficiently deceiit, by nuich care, to enaiilo me to enter Auck- 
 land by daylight; and my last remaining pair of shoes were strong enough for 
 the light and sandy walk of six miles from lunukuu to Auckland. I reached 
 the judge's house by a path avoiding the town, and jtassing over land which 1 
 have bought for the site of the ciUhcdral, a spot which 1 hope may borcat'ter 
 bo traversed by the feet of many bishops better .shod and fur less ragged than 
 myself." 
 
 These words smack of the genuine stuff that missionary- Bishops in 
 olden days were made of, and explain in no small degree the influ- 
 ence which Bishop Sehvyn so soon exercised over ^Maori and English- 
 man alike ; nor lot any one imagine that the welfare of the English 
 or Irish emigrant is not most materially and directly concerned in 
 the development and establishment of the New Zealand Church. 
 When, after a long voyage from Cork or London, the exliausted and 
 impatient peasant or mechanic enters the noble harbour of Auckland, 
 he is received, not as he was too probably dismissed fi'om his aniuent 
 home, with scant courtesy and a imion-house blessing, but with a 
 kindness and Christian hospitality for Avhich he could not be pre- 
 pared. The history of the good ships " Miner\-a" and " Sir Robert 
 Sale" reads like an Argonautic romance. With their complement 
 of needy emigrants and pensioners they left Cork and London re- 
 spectively on the same day, and never sighted each other until at tlie 
 end of a (\uarter of a yeai', amid the welcoming roar and smoke of 
 cannon, they sailed together into their harbour of refuge. The 
 Bishop's boats are soon alongside, and the delighted women and chil- 
 dren are conveyed from their floating home to the college grounds, 
 where in a spacious tent, adorned with flowers, an old English feast 
 of beef and plum pudding is set before the wondering new-comers. 
 The wives of the Governor and the Bishop and the '^hief Justifc 
 help in discharging the duties of servants, and after grace is said 
 
m 
 
 2;i 
 
 "The merry Cli/ist Churcli Hells," "llule ]Jritanni;i," and other 
 Old World songs arc sung by the dark brown Maori children, in 
 Avhoso names the invitations to the feast were ^^Titten. Then in the 
 college chapel is a solemn thanksgiving for their prosperous voyage 
 offered \\p, and many a care-worn wrinkled face is seen wet with 
 tears. liut care and sorrow are for the old ; cricket and liockcy, 
 and races round the plaj-ing-ficld, exercise the freed limbs of the 
 boys, and the girls disport themselves as they list. Then comes a 
 grand tea-drinking, at which a gigantic tea-pot, the Governor, fire- 
 balloons, honey and buns, form a most attractive whole, and at night 
 the young settlers arc dismissed fo their ships with a pleasing im- 
 pression of the customs prevalent in their new countrj' ' The pen- 
 sioners are now happily established in their settlements, and over 
 the new and populous village rises the church spire, while the rich 
 land, sloping down to the beach, which has been allotted to the 
 vetcians, already smiles like a fertile garden. I am inclined to augur 
 gi'cat things of this military settlement, and hope that its success 
 will induce the Colonial Office to repeat the experiment ; but, unless 
 I mistake, the original idea was Mr. 8cwell's : his, therefore, should 
 be the credit. 
 
 The great colonizing enterprise of the daj', however, is unques- 
 tionably that which goes by the name of the Canterbiiry Colony : in 
 it we hope to see, after the lapse of centuiies, a revival of that art 
 which Raleigh and Baltimore comprehended, and which the pro- 
 moters of this undertaking appear to have mastered. A tract of a 
 million acres within the limits of the Xew Zealand Company's terri- 
 tory has been selected by the Bishop, tlie Governor, and the Associ- 
 ation's agont, and the good work is now fairly commenced. The 
 ships containing the first detachment of colonists left the Thames 
 this last summer, and have since been followed by a second expedi- 
 tion, having the future Bishop of Lyttelton on board. Those Avho, like 
 myself, had the good fortune to be present at the leave-taking fes- 
 tival on board the slips in the India Docks will not soon forget the 
 impressive sight and speeches with which that hopeful colonizing 
 cnteri)rise w ■ dismissed from Old England. With all the elements 
 
 Colouial Uliiucli Clironiok-. No. xvi., i). VW. 
 
lii 
 
 ■ 
 
 B 
 
 il 
 
 
 ii 
 
 'J 
 
 21 
 
 of English social life liamioiiioutily blcndi'il logollaT — witli all the 
 precautions which the united cllbrts of thougiitful and practical minds 
 could suggest— with religion not only admitted as a feature of, but 
 permeating, the whole scheme — Avilli a distinct government and le- 
 gishitive body— if the Canterbury settlement fails, its failure will be 
 a clear proof that England has effectually lost the art of colonization ; 
 for in !New Zealand, its native population, climate, and soil, no ex- 
 cuse for failui'c exists. The Maories, thanks to the noble coniidence 
 which the first missionaries and the liishop reposed in them, and 
 their many good qualities, which ('hristian education is moulding 
 into a settled civilized character, are prepared to meet tlie English 
 Kettlcrs as friends, and welcome them with cordiality, while the horn 
 of plenty has been drained to bless the future home of Englisli po- 
 verty. Are we listening to Mr. Herman Melville, describing the 
 luxuriant vegetation of liis Southern isU-s, or to M. Cabet illustrating 
 the fertility of Icaria.^ No; 'tis the working man of few words — 
 the single-minded Bishop of Xew Zealand, who, sorrowing over the 
 misery of Connaught and the Hebrides, exclaims — 
 
 •' Often dill we wish that a few Imndiod of our starving countrymen could 
 liave been plared by the side of the abundant meals which every settler in New 
 Zealand enjoys to his heart's content. To go into eveiy cottage and see plenty 
 wiitten on the rosy faces of the children, and stalactites of ham and bacon 
 lianging from the roof, it may bo of a mud cottage or a shed of nativn reeds ; 
 to find that the crop of potatoes is so abundant that, in places where Ihere sire 
 no soldiers or sailors, they will scai'cely bear the expense of carriage to tho 
 port ; or to hear of a whole cargo of native produce for which no better price 
 is offered than three-halfpence a pound for pork, and hulf-a-crown a bushel for 
 wheat : these are facts, alarming to the settler who comes to make a fortune 
 and return, but most encouraging to those who limit their desires to the real 
 necessaries and comforts of life, and wlio wish for a place where they may 
 bring up a family too large for Kngland without fear of doctor, tax gatherer, 
 butcher, or baker." + 
 
 It is, then, to countries like this and Australia, "flowing with 
 milk and honey," that tho over-crowded, under-fed, and under-paid 
 mechanics of P adford and Stockport— the half-cmi)loycd sipialid 
 peasants of Dorsetshire and Wiltshire, will remove, year by year, in 
 increas'.g numbers, as letters from former settlers circulate among 
 the uneasy stayers at home, depicting in the glowing language of 
 h<miely delight the happiness and ease of their new life in their 
 
 f Church in the Colonies. No, xx., p. liB. 
 
25 
 
 new world. I concludo my nocossarily brief notice cf New Zealand 
 with giving a summary of its religious statistics. The islands con- 
 tain 95,000 square miles; a population of 120,000; a staff of 31 
 ('lergy; a college under the immediate eye of the Bishop, from 
 which eight students have already been ordained deacons, and are 
 ministering in different parts of the islands. When completed this 
 college will become, in the IMshop's words, "the key and pivot" of 
 all liis operations, and ^^^ll comprise liis own residence, a theological 
 college, a collegiate school, other schools, and a hospital. 
 
 When the first Bishop of Australia went out, in 1836, to his then 
 gigantic diocese, which comprised all the islands of Australia, he 
 found in New South Wales a community steadily increasing, and 
 promising at no distant day to swell into an empire, based upon 
 rapine, lust, and murder. It is a colonial fact, which ought not to 
 be lightly forgotten, that not twenty yeai's ago England was wit- 
 n(>ssing and assisting at the developnu-nt of a criminal society in 
 those fair and glorious lands, 
 
 " Where all save the si)irit of man was divine ; " 
 and even now, when much h, ''cen done to counteraet that sad 
 misdeed, and Australia is becoming the honoured home of many an 
 honest Englishman, its evil effects are still felt, and the great ques- 
 tion of penal transportation can hardly be said to be satisfactorily 
 settled ; but so vast is the territory, so rich its soil, so luxuriant its 
 vegetation, that in a few years we may expect the plague-spot of 
 its original settlement to be eradicated, and a noble English com- 
 munity establishing the uonnal character of English civilization 
 over those beautiful regions. In 18-17 this inuncnse diocese w"" 
 subdivided ; and in the old Abbey of Westminster, in the presence 
 of thousands, and with all the pomp and ceremony that the He- 
 formed Church ndmits of, were the ncAV Bishojjs consecrated by the 
 Primate of all England for their arduous work. A solemn and 
 affe ting, yet hopeful, sight it was to -witness in those historic aisles 
 the performance of a rite, by virtue of which, nearly eighteen hiui- 
 drcd years ago, Titus was set apart to rule the infant Church in 
 Crete — a sight that none could sec without feeling that, wluitever 
 might be the shortcomings of this Church or nation, the ancient 
 spirit of Chiistiau charity was \ct vigorous in England! But pre- 
 
 < i 
 
fV' 
 
 
 »"! 
 
 f 
 
 
 20 
 
 vious to the sub-division of liis diocese liishop Broughton was 
 en<'il)led to effect much, and the following epitome of his libours in 
 1845 may give some idea of the work a colonial Bishop has to per- 
 form. In the course of that year he travelled 3,000 miles, pene- 
 trating into the -vnldeniess, and venturing unprotected into the most 
 remote and lonely fastnesses of that wild country ; 1 2 churches and 
 chapels Avere consecrated, and the foundations of 1 8 new chui'ches 
 laid, during that period ; while baptisms, confirmations, marriages, 
 sermons, and administration of the Sacraments, continually claimed 
 his time. 54 clergy now belong to his diocese of Sydney. 
 
 In reading the varied annals of missionary entcTprise we not 
 unfrequently stumble upon incidents and adventiu'cs savouring of 
 the early days of Christianity : thus, when we see the students and 
 deacons of St. John's College, in New Zealand, following the plough, 
 wielding the adze, or setting up t}i)e, we are reminded of those 
 holy men of old who labom*ed with their own hands to procure 
 their liA-elihood ; and Avho that reads the following extract from a 
 letter of an Australian clergjTnan will fail to think of tlie meditative 
 Ethiopian's journey, and St. Philip's blessed interruption ? — 
 
 *' Tho place is 21 miles off, on tlio road to Mailland. I started at -ir> minutes 
 past a.m., and rode Icisiu'ely to ease my liorso. Ou my way I saw a traveller 
 on foot ; and, as I had not liad the Morning Service, and 1 found that he had 
 enjoyed few opportunities of Divine Service, 1 dismounted, and, turning my 
 liorse to graze and rest, read the Second Lesson for the Morning Service (St. 
 Mattliew xiii.), whicli I briefly explained, and then used (l)y heart, for 1 had 
 not my I'rayer-book) some of tho Church's prayers. He was very thankful, ex- 
 pressed himself very warmly, and said, ' Is your reverence in want of any 
 money ?' Ho wished much to press some on me, hut I thanked him, and bade 
 liim offer some to any needy person, or for church building purposes. I find 
 people on the road, iu huts, and indeed in most places, exceedingly thankful 
 for any ministi'ations." * 
 
 This occuiTcd in the diocese of Newcastle, one-third of which, 
 
 containing about 120,000 square miles, is already occupied by some 
 
 40,000 settlers, scattered widely over that immense space. Only 
 
 27 clergymen arc found in the whole diocese, and the extent of 
 
 their labours may bo imagined from a passage in the lleport of the 
 
 Rev. E. R. Smith :— 
 
 " 1 have arranged to visit each station in my district once in three weeks : — 
 First Sunday, service ut I'almcrville, and service at Mr. Halls's, a distance of 
 
 * Colonial Church Claoniclc. No. xvii., p, 101. 
 
pll 
 
 27 
 
 .'J miles. Second SunJay, at Mr Weston's and Mr. Wright's, altcrnutcly, tlie 
 ihen belonging to the two establishments uniting. I then ride ten miles, and 
 have a service at Mount Campbell. Mr. Wright's is 22 miles from this, and 
 Mount Campbell 10 miles from Mr. Wright's, so that my services on the second 
 Simday, when I go to Mr. Wright's, take me a rido of about r»2 miles. Third 
 Sunday, I ride 7 miles, and have service at Mr. Moore's : this unites three 
 establishments ; I then rido 8 miles, r.iid have service at the Queenbayun Inn ; 
 T then ride (t miles, and have service at Penlego, Mr. R. Campbell's ; thus, on 
 the third Sunday, I have three services, and ride about 20 miles." 
 
 No -wonder, -vvhcn such is the lack and such arc the labours of the 
 clergy, tliat the settlers hailed the advent of the Bishop, three years 
 ago, with all the manifestiitioiis of hearty English joy and good- 
 will ; not from the higher classes nor public bodies alone did gratii- 
 lations come, but we read how the rustic dwellers in remote to^wn- 
 ships walked miles to meet and escort into their villages the first 
 liishop of Newcastle ; and how, soon after his arrival in his new 
 diocese, the Bishop of Adelaide found himself preaching to 1300 
 people on a spot where, eleven years ago, Australian animals freely 
 ranged the wilderness. Perhaps not one of our colonies has made 
 such rapid strides as South Australia: founded only in 183G, its 
 population now exceeds 25,000, mid to its magnificent copper and 
 lead mines liundreds of Comishmen are eagerly flocking, glad to 
 escape from the distress wliich the gradual exhaustion of the Cornish 
 copper-mines would too nurely entail upon them at home. In 1847* 
 the mining population in the colony was estimated at 4,000, and is 
 now no doubt gi'eatly increased. It is cheering to know that all 
 who have gone out have done well ; and that there is every reason 
 to hope South Australia will exhibit England in the light of a really 
 colonizing empire. The local Government has made liberal griuits 
 for educational and religious purposes, and the best spirit appeius to 
 anunatc all classes of the rising colony. The population of tho 
 whole diocese is 54,460, and the clergy only amount to 22. Tho 
 other provinces and dioceses of Australasia repeat, mutatis mutandis, 
 the same story ; and even from this hurried sketch of the social and 
 religious condition of Atistralia it is, I think, most clear that in 
 these our days the seed-plot of a gigantic empire is there being laid; 
 and that on us, tho Englishmen of this time, will rest the glory of 
 reproducing, under a more genial sky and in nature's faire; t domain, 
 the ordered polity of EngUmd, or the disgrace of converting the 
 
 ; i 
 
>: 
 
 j?» 
 
 'I 
 
 28 
 
 noblobt opportunities to the inost wortlilcss eiuls, and failing in tho 
 uchicvenicnt of the most obvious mission. I have spoken sanguinely 
 of New Zealand and Australia ; hut when we turn our wandering 
 gaze nearer home, and suft'er it to rest for a few momenta, before I 
 conclude my paper, on the AVest Indian group, my hopes yield to 
 apprehensions, and I own with a sigh that tlie same perverse folly 
 v/hich has ruined Jamaica and Barbadoes may destroy the rising 
 prosperity of Adelaide and Auckland. 
 
 Discovered by Columbus in 1494, Jamaica was conquered from 
 the Spaniards by England in 16.55 ; but for many years veiy little 
 sugar was obtained from it, and its prosperity may be said to date 
 from 1787, when the ruin of St. Domingo deprived Europe of her 
 accustomed supply of sugar from that great colony. The negro 
 popidation, which at first only eipialled in number that of the 
 white, has now far exceeded it ; and as the horrible notion that 
 negroes have no souls to be saved is now for ever exploded, the 
 number of clergy, churches, schools, and schoohnasters, required by 
 the altered social condition of Jamaica is veiy great. But whatever 
 errors may be attributed to the planters of former years, at least in 
 this respect they did w ell : they liberally provided for the celebra- 
 tion of Divine worship and the work of education ; and, although 
 emancipation undoubtedly found the negro popiilation in a great 
 degree unprepared to benefit by the change, still successful efforts 
 had been made by tho colonial legislatures and the great Church 
 societies in England to place the means of education and the ordi- 
 nances of religion within reach of tho manumitted slaves. Ten 
 years before that event Jamaica was erected into a bishopric, Sunday 
 markets were abolished, slave marriages legalized; and when Sir 
 Edward Cust visited the West Indies, in 1838, he found that "Tho 
 Church of England, under the auspices of a most active and intelli- 
 gent prelate, and with a clergy well worthy of being classed in 
 respectability and general attainments with their brethren at home, 
 has advanced, and is advancing, in all the British colonies with 
 strides nly limited by the amount of her means, and with results 
 '■' t are the most cheerful and promising for the rising negro popu- 
 
 "on. Her churches are rearing on every side, and her schools 
 art the accompaniment of her churches, not in single buildings, but 
 
 ■ 
 
2U 
 
 ill several to cuuli district." *' So tirmly estiiblislied did the Cliurcli 
 appciir to be in the Windward Islands — so liberal were the means 
 l)rovidcd by colonial resources, that the almoners of the mother 
 country's religious bounty felt themselves justified five years ago in 
 greatly reducing the amount of pecuniary support heretofore ren- 
 dered to Jamaica ; but the sacrifice which was made to the idol of 
 cheapness in 184G was more costly than the material prosperity of 
 those ill-used dependencies, and comprised many an element of their 
 spiritual and intellectual well-b(;ing and progress. In a letter to 
 tlie Society for the rropugation of the Gospel, dated June 30, 1818, 
 the Bishop of Jamaica says : — 
 
 " Tlio aid of your excellent Society, at all past perioils most valuable, is at 
 this crisis absolutely necessary for the presciviition of Church agency in many 
 l>urls of (his nnigiiiticent but humiliated colony. How far the financial difli- 
 culiies wliich press upon the island can be obviated witlioutavery consideralilo 
 retrenchment of its annual oxpondituro.a just portion of which has been always 
 liberally assigned to the Church, it is not easy to conjecture. The merchants 
 are withholding their supplies, the planters throwing up their estates, the 
 shoi)keepers closing their doors, and, while all feel tlie ^vil, none appears to 
 project the remedy, (iod only knows what will be tlie result ! Uut, so fai' U3 
 the calamity is consequent on the righteous act of emancipation, I feel confi- 
 dent that Mis gracious Providence will over rule it to our linal benefit. The 
 sentiments of tlio great majority of the population of Jamaica are essentially 
 loyal ; and a largo proportion of the better-informed clashes is still strongly 
 inclined, under every privation, to sustain the Cliurch, as the most hopeful 
 shelter from impending ruin." 
 
 ^lay it bo so ! Eut in what ^ .nguage of condemnation and con- 
 t(>mpt will the historian of England have to describe the conduct of 
 that legislature who, having granted millions for the pui'j)ose of 
 achieving emancipation, could, when the happy fruits of that noble 
 venture were beginning to appear, coolly lay the axe to the root of 
 the goodly tree, and, ** ravished by the whistling of a name," con- 
 sent to level it with the earth ? From the Bishops of Antigua and 
 (iuiaiia the same solemn voice of warning is heard, convincing all 
 who arc not impervious to nasDii that our novel patronage of slave- 
 grown sugar is not only ruinous to our fellow-countrj-men in the 
 West Indies, but fatal to the great experiment of emancipation, and 
 certain; if persevered in, to retard and ultimately to destroy the 
 
 ' Reflectioua on West Indian Affairs. By Sir Edward Cast, 1839. p. 2.0. 
 
;io 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 •ii 
 
 t'i*. 
 
 growth of livili/ation and Cliristiiinity in that cluster of fair but ill- 
 trcat(>(l islands. Jaraaioa tontains within the diocese a popuhitiou 
 of 118,017, and 116 clergy; l{arl)adocs, far more densely populated, 
 271,810, and 70 clergy; Antigua, erected into a bishopric in 1842, 
 101,981, and 28 clergy; and Guiana, also erected in 1812, 121,078, 
 with 31 clergy. In IJarbadoes Codrington Cidlegc is now educating 
 22 students, Codrington (iramniar Scho(d 10 pupils, and we are told 
 that its reputation as ii seat of sound learning is rapidly advancing. 
 
 Until quite recently our possessions in Africa were devoid of any- 
 thing approaching to a proper religious establishment; a few ehirgy- 
 nicu scattered here and there throughout the Cape Colony, Mauntius, 
 the ])estilential fields of Sierra Leone, and along the Gold Coast, in 
 all about 50, ministered to the 070,503 sotds who in that (piarter 
 of the globe own the rule of England. Cape Town, with a popu- 
 lation of 170,000 and 11 chrgj-, is now a Bishop's see, and system- 
 atic efforts are being made to impart to the settlers in that important 
 colony the ministrations of the Church ; within its limits is included 
 a spot which never can be vi(>wed by Iilnglishmen with indifferenco 
 — St. Helena ; and we arc told that the inhabitants of that historic 
 isle are subscribing cheerfully towards the maintenance of a second 
 clergyman. It is hoped that before long Sierra Leone and the island 
 of ^Mauritius nuxy be erected into separate liishoprics. 
 
 In Europe many a favoured haunt of Englishmen is now the 
 settled abode of a resident chaplain ; and although great anomalies, 
 restrictions, and abuses still deform the constitution of English con- 
 gregations abroad, wc trust they are being gradually removed, and 
 that before long the English Church will present her characteristic 
 features to the Greek and Latin communions. It must give all 
 Christians pleasm-e to kiiow that for years past the patriarch and 
 Bishops of the Greek Church have manifested kind and generous 
 sympathy with the etforts of their English fellow -Christians, and 
 those friendly relations have been strengthened by the judicious 
 appointment of Dr. Tomlinson to the sec of Gibraltar. Thirty-two 
 clorgjTncn own his episcopal rule, and minister to our countrymen 
 along the shores of the Mediterranean. To sum up : the total number 
 of dioceses (including Victoria, Hong Kong) is 25, and the clergy 
 labouring in them 1,200 — a forci- inadequate, it Is tnu>, to fulfil 
 
31 
 
 tlu" gi'out mission with wliicli L believe England to be entrnsied, or 
 evou to supply the miniHt rat ions of the Church to the English colo- 
 nists ; but sufftcient for a proof of what may be effected by well- 
 directed zeal, and affording a nucleus and a staff round which 
 recruits, we may hope, will be constimtly trained and moulded. 
 Ah'oady in many of the oldest dioceses are there colleges in which 
 young men are educated " to serve God in Church and Slate," and 
 in those of recent erection the foundation of such estublislinicnts is 
 generally one of the new lUshop's earliest (lares. The class of men 
 turned out from those colonial colleges are, I believe, altogether 
 unexceptionabl(>, and their services in the ministry arc Marmly 
 acknowledged l)y their diocesans ; thus in process of tinu' it may be; 
 that Jiishops, I'riests, and Deacons for the various cohmies, will no 
 h)uger be sought in England, but a purely indigenous clergy, main- 
 tained by purely colonial resources, minister in each colonial diocese 
 to the spiritual Avants of its people. Ihit this is at best a distant 
 prospect in many cases ; nor am I altogether satisfied that so com- 
 plete an independence of the mother Church would be an immixed 
 good. The historic atmosphere of Eton and Winchester, Oxford 
 und Cambridge, necessarily impai'ta a character to their students 
 which lUshop's C<dlego and Lennoxville, Codrington and St. John's, 
 can hardly be expected to give ; and short of these more refined asso- 
 ciations, the mere fact of early nurtui-e in the old country, with its 
 Saxon hedgerows and spire-crowned churches, its glorious cathedrals 
 and old-fashioned grammar-schools, its immemorial customs and 
 ordered social polity, impresses on the conduct and teaching of the 
 future colonial Bishop or missionary a stamp and character which 
 wo would gladly recognize as general throughout colonial society. 
 At the same time, no doubt, many acquirements indispensable to an 
 efHcient colonial clergyman are not to be learnt at our chief seats 
 of education, and the habits and tastes prevalent at many of 
 them arc not calculated to prepare the missionary for the rough and 
 painful course of life he is soon to embrace. An institution has 
 started into being which appears to combine all these discordant 
 elements. Reared on an ancient and a famous site, built partly out 
 of the very stones of the venerable Abbey of St. Augustine, under 
 
.')2 
 
 ''i, 
 
 11' 
 
 i! 
 
 it I 
 
 
 I' 
 
 the sluulow of the priinatial eatht'drnl, iiiiil suvrountled l)y eveiy 
 associution wliioh can tciul to the ibniuition of a genuine Christian 
 genthinan's character, the college at Canterbury pi'oniiHes to educate 
 for the colonies a race of clergy carefully prepared lor their arduous 
 labour, and devoted heart iind soul to a missionaiy life. From those 
 walls will year aftir year go forth to every (puirter of the globe; 
 men not ashamed nor unworthy to bear tlie cross of Christ, and 
 preach to all nations His Holy Gospel. To the energetic and mu- 
 niticent founders of this great and noble college the thanks of all 
 Churchmen are due, nud wc will hope that they may enjoy their re- 
 ward even in this lift^, witnessing the departure of many a zealous 
 missionary on his high and self-denjing enterprise. 
 
 It has been seen how in olden times the colonist ■svent out to the 
 New "World with a due provision for his spintual wants ; and it may 
 be seen how hundreds of our poor people are now shipped oft" every 
 week without the leat^t regard for their religious duties or the edu- 
 cation of their children by any one who chooses to take the trouble 
 of going on board an emigrant vessel lying in the Thames or the 
 Mersey ; but 1 rejoice to think that such a sight will soon be rare : 
 the Government, while it shrinks from applying the remedy, admits 
 the evil, and encourages private liberality to make up its own sliort- 
 comings. After maturely considering all the bearings of the case, 
 and acting in concert Avith the Emigration Commissioners, the So- 
 ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel has undertaken to provide 
 clergymen for some, at any rate, of the emigrant ships, and has with 
 thrtC object opened a special account under the liead of thi " Emi- 
 grants' Spiritual Aid Eund." It is calculated that a sum of £5,000 
 M'ould pi'ovide chaplains and schoolmasters for 20 ships, and enable 
 them to remain in the colony they respectively go to until peraia- 
 nent provision for them is there found ; thus securing for the colonies 
 so many additional clcrgjnnen and sclioolmasters. Since Apnl, 
 1849, 28 ships have thus been supplied with clergymen or school- 
 masters. Already in some instances indi\idual generosity or paro- 
 chial good feeling had enabled the emigrant to Australia or the Cape 
 to enjoy during his long imprisonment on the waters the consolations 
 of religion. I have related the reception of the military settlers at 
 
ay 
 
 Auckland ; lot ns ^vitlless the departure ol the Church Crookluun 
 
 emigrants from the Thnmos : — 
 
 " (In tlie evening of the 2()tl) tlicy assembled in tlie liousc of prnyer, wiicro 
 for the most part tlioy had been among the stcadiopt woi-sliippers, and some of 
 (hem comminiicants, and joined, with sucli o congregation of their friends ond 
 noigbbours as tliosfi sacred walls bavo linvdly ever seen before, in oommonding 
 lliemselvos and tb«ir cntcrpriso to tbo blessing and protection of Almigbty 
 ( lod. And at an early bour on the following morning, having first once more, 
 lis nmny as were able, mot together in tbo Cbureb, they sat down to an ample 
 breakfast tbat liad been prepared for tbem in tbo scbool-roora. When tbis 
 was ended they all set off to meet tbo train that carried tbem to London ; and, 
 marching tbrougb the streets with tbo parson and squire at their bead from 
 Waterloo to London Uridgo, they took their places once more in the (Irccnwich 
 train for Doptford, and were soon comfortably boused in the admirably managed 
 emigrants' depot establisbed there. I'assing tho night tbero Mitb LOO more, 
 wiio bad boHii brought togotber from different quarters, tlicy all went on board 
 tlio Scindian tbo next morning, ond there I had the satisfaction of visiting and 
 spending several hom-s with tbem on tbat and the following day. Nothing 
 could bo better than tbo wbole provision mndo for tlieir comfort on tbe voyngo, 
 mid for tlie good conduct of tbo crowded ship. I bad full opportunity of judg- 
 ing as to tbis, and it gratitics mo lo express tbo tbankfulness T fee) at tbo con- 
 siderate kindness and attention sbown to tbo poor people's comfort by all wlio 
 were concerned with tliom. One of tlic ICmigralion Commissioners birnself 
 inspected every part of the arrangements of tbo sbips on tlie dpy of embarka 
 lion, and cbecred up tbe poor souls at parting with on cxoellent address, whicb 
 siiowed a real iiit<nest in tJieir well being. It only remains for mo to add tbat 
 a well reconmionded gentleman, an Oxford graduate, is gone otit wifb them to 
 act as scboolmaster and catecbist upon tbe voyage, and servo tbe Cbureb in 
 some capacity on bis arrival in tbo colony. The Kmigration Commissioners 
 put on board tbe educotiomil material retiuired, and a liberal grant from tbe 
 K migrants' Fund of tlio (,'hrislian Knowledge Society furnisbcd a good supply 
 of sound devotional and oilier books for tlicir comfort and instruction in tbeir 
 new homes; and every adult Cbiu'cbman of my party carried witb him a letter 
 of commendation to tbo BIsbop and clergy of tbe Cape, to bring bim into com- 
 munion with tbem on bis arrival, and claim tbeir pastoral good ofTices."* 
 
 This is at least an ajiproximatioii lo colonization, and it is greatly 
 lo be hoped that English liberality will enable the numerous emi- 
 grant vessels that are likely to sail to the A\istralian ports before 
 the summer is over to put to sea under eireumstanees not less 
 favourable than those hero described. Js it exaggeration to say 
 that, humanly siu-aking, the future of England depends upon the 
 character of her present colonization ? If it be not, thoi the past 
 struggles, present position, and coming prospects of the colonial 
 
 * Letter of tbo Rev, Antbony Lefroy, in CnloniwI DmiTb Cbroniclc. No. xxiii.,p.4lS. 
 
31 
 
 (• 
 
 ':v 
 
 »•* 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 Churoli may most properly luivu Ix-cn prt'scnti'cl thus «hortly to your 
 cousitkration ; lor, apart from lotticr and piux'ly religious conaidcra- 
 tious, it is evidont that in u new country, constuntly receiving frcsli 
 supplies of poor, barely educated people, with scarcely a stray in- 
 fusion of the highest English civilization among them, the elevating 
 ilement in its society is to be sought for in the Church. What then 
 is tlie conclusion to be drawn from the imperfect details I have thus 
 placed licforc you ? Mr. Gibbon Wakefield, a great authority, I am 
 aware, almost ignores the existence of the Church in the colonies, 
 and I do not doubt that in most, if not all, our dependencies her 
 machinerj- is defective, her influence imperfect ; but that great good 
 has been accomplished, is being, and will be, nccomplished through 
 her agency, I confidently assert. The character of her bishops and 
 missionaries — the thankfiilncss with which the offices and conso- 
 lations of religion arc welcomed by the colonists— the increased and 
 increasing interest manifested in the old country for the social and 
 religious happiness of her emigrating children, and the rapid de- 
 velopment of ecclesiastical institutions in the colonies, all bid us 
 take a cheerful view of the future. Into every written language have 
 the English Bible and Prayer Book, either wholly or in part, been 
 translated ; and from every false religion under the sun have seme 
 converts been made : centuries may yet have to pass away before 
 the Second Advent, civilization pass through fresh phases, and 
 establish her throne among the jungles of India, or the sand-hills of 
 New Zealiuid ; pirates may once more lord it over the depopulated 
 fields of England, and the Vatican and Lambetli be alike silent 
 ruins ; yet, wlien all is accomplished, and tlic Gospel li.is Itcon 
 
 preached to every nation — when 
 
 " Tho holy words dilliisiing balm, 
 The message of the bucriflce, 
 Arc heard within tho eaves of i(!c, 
 And preached beneath tho cocoa pulm ;" 
 
 then will the Church of England have her part in those beatitif 
 triiimplis, and be said to have done somewhat to hasten tho ftiltil- 
 ment of the Kcdcenici's kingdom. 
 
 ;.' 'I 
 
 riiK Kxn. 
 
 *i' 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
I'KIXTKD BY JOHN TAYLOB, .lUN., COLCIIESTini. 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 1 1