IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^<^ 1.0 1.1 11.25 150 ■^~ H^H i 2.2 S «s IIS but. U ill 1.6 V 7, f r^;-?;^.^ '^V^^ V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MA N STREET ;VSB':if7»,N.y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 ^*.'() Bcoociafion for U)c B6mtnccmcnt of Science. Seventh Report of the Committee, comUtinf/ of Dr. E. B. Tyia»», Mr. G. W. Hloxam, Sir Daniel Wilj-jn, Dr. (f. M. Dawson, and Mr^ R. G. Haliburton, appointed to investigate the physical characters^ languages, and industrial and social condition of the North-Wester)i 'Tribes of the Dominion of Canada. iNTRODl'CTfON W\ SlU DaNIKL WiLRON, The report here presented is again the result of tlie work of Dr. Franz Boas in the interesting ethnological field of British Columbia. It con- sists of two parts, the first being devoted to the Bilqula, a people inhabit- ing a limited tract in the vicinity of Dean Inlet and Bentinck Arms, the second dealing with the physical characteristics of the tribes of the North- west Coavst region. In connection with the Bilqula it is important to note that they, by reason of their position, have held the most important natural pass and trade route through the Coafit Range, from the ocean to the interior, which exists between the Skeena River and the Fraser, a distance exceed- ing 400 miles. This circumstance has rendered their situation a peculiarly favourable one in some respects. It has induced them to engage in intertribal trade, and evidently also affords a clue to some of the peculiari- ties which Dr. Boas points ont. From time immemorial, as the writer is informed by Dr. Dawson, who has geologically examined that part of the country, a route has been beaten out by way of the Bella Coola River, thence northward to the Salmon River, and then along the north side of the Blacirwater River to the Upper Fraser. This is commonly known by the Tinneh of the interior as the ' Grease Trail,' from the fact that the chief article of value received from the coast in early times was the oil of the olachen or candle-fish, though dentalium shells and other things were also brought in. When trading vessels began to visit the coast, l^sides tM^ natural products of the sea, iron and various kinds of nianu- i^%B^e4j|^oods found their way into the interior by the same route; whiife th^ fine furs of the inland region were carried back to the coast and Bold to the vessels. It was by this same route, well known to the natives, that Sir Alexander Mackenzie was enabled to complete the first traverse of the North American continent frotn sea to sea and to reach H L f • 2 RErORT — 1891. the Bbore of tho Paci6c in 1793. As a result of this intercoratnunicntion between the Bilqiilaand Tinnch it is fonnd that honses essentially similar to those of the Coast Indians 'n mode of construction and ornamentation, though smaller and less skilfully built, occur far inland on the upper waters of the Salmon and Blackwater Rivers; while, on the other hand, the practical identity of some points in the mythology of the Bilqula with that of the Tinneh of the interior is a clear instance of reciprocal influence. The second part of the report will be found to contain the most com- plete series thus far obtained of anthropoloj^ical measurements relating to the tribes of the North- West Coast, with a discussion by the author of the data which these afford, in which several points of value are brought out and important suggestions are made for further inquiry. In this connec- tion it must be mentioned that the committee arc much indebted to the courteous and enlightened liberality of Major J. W. Powell, Director of the U.S. Bureau of Ethnology, who has permitted Dr. Boas to incorpo- rate with the measurements obtained in British Columbia those made by him in Washington and Oregon under Major Powell's directions. It has thus been possible for Dr. Boas to give to his treatment of this subject a comprehensive character, which could not otherwise have been obtained, by enlarging the scope of his discussion so as to include the more or less intimately related tribes of the Pacific States with those of the Province of British Columbia itself. Third liepnrt on the Indians of British Cohonhia. By Dr. Franz Boas. The following alphabet has been used in the report : — The vowels have their continental sounds, namely: a, tis in father \ e, like a in mate ; t, as in machi7ie ; o, as in note ; u, as in rule. In addition the following are used : a, o, as in German ; d=aw in law; E=e in flower (Lepsius's e). Among the consonants the following additional letters have been usod : g\ a very guttural g, similar to gr; k\ a very guttural k, similar to hr ; q, the German ch in hack ; w, the German ch in icli ; «, between q and // ; c=-sh in shore ; (;, as th in thin ; tl, an explosive l\ dl, & palatal I, pronounced with the back of the tongue (dorso-apical). THE BILQULA. The Bilqula, who are generally called Bella Coola, are tho most north- ern tribe belonging to the Salish family. They are separated from the tribes speaking allied languages by the Chilcotin (of the Tinneh stock) in the interior, and on the coast by the Kwakintl. Their language is — considered grammatically — more closely related to the dialects of the Coast Salish than to those of the tribes of the interior. A number of terms referring to the sea and sea-auimals are the same in Bilqula and in the dialects of the Gulf of Georgia ; so that we may safely assume that the two groups of tribes were at one time closely related, and that the Bilqula were differentiated from this group. They inhabit the coasts of Bentinck Arm and Dean Inlet, as shown on the map accompanying the sixth report of the committee, and extend far up Bella Coola River. Since the end of last centnxy they nunication illy similar tnentation, the upper ' hand, the Iqula with reciprocal most corn- relating to ihor of the nought out lis connec- ted to the )irector of incorpo- 9 made by IS. It has 1 subject a I obtained, ore or less Province in father ; d=aw in have been ky similar a, between I, a palatal jost north- from the li stock) in considered Palish than ring to the )f the Gulf s of tribes ^iated from n Inlet, as [littee, and itnry they ON THE NOUTir-WESTERN TRIURS OF CANADA. 3 have dwindled down in nnmberH, and a few only of their once popalouH villages are still inhabited, namely, Satsq, at the head of Dean Inlet; Nutl'E'l, at the mouth of Salmon River; Nuqa'lkii (which embraces five villages, at the mouth of Bella Coola River ; StiVin, twenty-eight miles up Bella Coola River; and Ta'lio, at the head of South Bentinck Arm. The dialect of NutrE'l and Satsq differs slightly from that of the other villages. The following is a list of their ancient villages, most of which are still inhabited at certain sea.sons, although not regularly : — 1. Satsq. 2. NiitrE'l. The tribe of this place is called SotslKmir. 3. Nnqa'lkil, embracing the villages K'omko'tKs and Stske'etl on the north side, Pe'isEla and NutHe'iHtskono on the south side of the river. 4. SEnqtl. 5. Tsomo'otl. 6. Snii't'Ele. 7. Nu'kHits. 8. AsE'nane. 9. Nuka'aqmnts. 10. TsQoaQka'ne. 11. NiVsk'Elst. 12. Nutltle'iq. 13. Stu'iH, twenty-eight miles from the sea. 14. Snu'tl'Elatl. Nos. 4 to 14 are situated along Bella Coola River, and are given as they are met with in ascending the river. 15. S'a'aqtl, at the confluence of Bella Coola and Driver (?) Rivers. 16. Ta'lio, at the head of South Bentinck Arm, embracing K*'oa'pQ, Ta'lio, Nu'ik', A'seq. 17. K'oa'tlna, at the bay of that name in the southern entrance of Bentinck Arm. On the north entrance of Bentinck Arm were the Kilte'itl, but it is doubtful whether they belonged to the Bilqula or to the He'iltsuk. The latter call the people of Dean Inlet Ki'mkuitq. Each of these tribes is subdivided into gentes, which appear to be arranged in exogamic groups. I learnt the names of the following gentes, which bear the names of their ancestors : — Gent^ J of the Nuqa'lkraii : 1. Tok'oa'is (=looking down on his family). 2. SpuQpuQo'lEmQ ; Qe'mtsioa name : Ma'lakyilatl (see p. 9) " 3. Slatlqela'aq. * 4. KE'ltaqk-aua. 5. Po'tlas. Gentes of the Nusk-'s'lstEmH : 1. Tl'akaumo'ot. 2. Kooqotla'ne. 3. ? Gentes of the Talio'mn : 1. lalo'stimOt (= making good fire); Qe'mtsioa name; T'a't'En- tsait (=a cave pi'otecting from lain). 2. Spatsa'tlt. 3. TnniQoa'akyas. 4. Ha'mtsit H 1—2 h : \ REPORT — 1891. The evidence which I can present regarding the laws of intormarriago is the following: I inquired of Nask'Elu'sta (=icold water in face), a member of the lalo'stimot gens, whether he might marry a Snatsu'tlt woman ; this suggestion he rejected with the greatest indignation. Kir,. I.— House- front of the gens Tuk-oa'is. ml Members of the first two gentes, he explained later on, are not allowed to intermarry, neither are members of the last two gentes, while the first and second may marry among the third and fourth. He accounted for Fig. 2. — House-front of the gena Tl'ak'aamO'ot, representing the moon. 8^^ this by stating that lalo'stimot's son married Spatsa'tlt's daughter, and that consequently the two gentes were related to each other. The gentes have crests similar to those of the neighbouring coast . • ormarnago in face), a SpatBa'tlt idignation. ot allowed ile the first ounted for moon. .v!v;-% ghter, and ^ iring coast ON THE NORTH-WKSTBRN THIBES OK CANADA. (f tribes. The crest is represented in paintings on the honse-front and on dancing implements. The gens TokoiVis has a killer-whale (Delphinus orca) painted on the hoaee-front (fig. 1). The tradition says that the ancestor of this gens Fio. 3.— Crest of the gens Smo'En, showing tlie mountain Suwft'kiiH, with two clouds near its summit ; above a mackerel sky. one day, when hunting in the mountains, found a house on which a killer was painted. The chief who lived in the house invited him and pre- sented him with his crest for hinr-self and for his descendants. The crest consists of the killer- whale, eagle, swan, and heron. The crests of all gcntes were obtained in like nianuer. v-i;» 4 m 6 RBl'OHT— 1H91. The pons Spatsii'tlt have broakors painted on the hounc^front, and who in dances the inaHk of a largo kind of whalo (/.•'/.«<«), of the crow, and of the black hear. The gens Tamgoa'akyas use the mask of OnEstsitiVina (ssthe sleeper) and the eagle. The gens TPak-aumn'ot of the Nusk''K'l8tKmn use the moon (fig. 2). The gens lalo'stimOt of the Tulio'niH use the raven, robin ((liii'a'qnnii), eagle, whalo, the bird t\'ntlala (genus ?), and s'athd'ots, the flood-tide. They have sun, moon, and stars painted on the house-front, and the ntisqe'inta suspended from the beams of the roof (see p. 14). The highest gens of Nutl'E'l has the name Smo'Kn (=tho north wind). He has the mountain Suwa'kiiu surmounted by a mackerel sky, and with clouds on its sides, painted on his house-front (fig. 3). Another object belonging to his crest represents waves. The children belong to the gens of either father or mother, the deci- sion 1)cing left to the choice of the parents. SkCRKT SOCIKTIES AND THE PoTLATCH. The social organisation, festivals, and secret societies of the Bilqula are still more closely interrelated than they are among the KwakiutI, and must be considered in connection. We have to describe here the potlatch, the Sisau'kH, and the Ku'siut. The Sisau'kn corresponds to the Tloola'qa of the northern KwakiutI tribes, the KiVsiut to the Ts'otsa'ok'a. The Bilqula believe that the potlatch h^is been instituted by ten deities, nine brothers and one sister, the foremost among whom is Qe'mtsloa, to whoso care the sunrise is intrusted. He resides with the others in a beautitul >i \ • Fio. 4. — Mask representing Qe'mtsloa. "I I Fiu. 5. — Mask repre.scnting Qemqemala'otla. house in the far east, and cries o ! o ! every morning when the sun rises. He has to take care that the sun rises properly. The first six of these deities ON THE NORTII-WESTEHN TIUDES OK (\\NAI)A. it, and II 8u uw, mid of 10 flleeper) .(% 2). in'a'qone), flood-tido. and tho rtl« wind). and with lor object the deci- le Bilqula kiutl, and potlatch, Tloola'qa ka. The ities, nine , to whoso beantiful arc grouped in pairs, and are bolievt'd to paint thoir faces with designs representing moon, stars, and rainbow. In tho Ku'sifit these deities make their appearance, and are represented by masks which I have copied. Qe'mts'ioa and Qemqemah\'otlu wear the de.sign of tlie full moon, indi- cated in the mask Qe'mtsioa (6g. 4) by a double cnrved line in red and black, the black outside, passing over forehead, cheeks, and r.ppor lip. Qemqemald'otia has a double curved line in red and black, the red out- side, which passes over forehead, cheeks, and chin (fig. 5). Aiiunkl'likya (fig. 6) and AinmahVotla (fig. 7) wear the design of the eieseeiit, drawn Flu. 6.— Mask representing; Aiumkl'likya. FUJ. 7. — Mask rcprusi'iit iiij.' AiumiiliVutlii. an rises. e deities in red and black, with differences similar to those between the first and second. The fifth, K-'orak-'omki'likya, and K-'o'mtsio,i have designs repre- senting stars (fig. 8), both wearing the same style of mask. The seventh is Kula'qawa, whose face represents the blossom of a salmonberry bush (fig. 9). The next in order, Kale lias (= who wants to have blankets first), wears the design of the rainbow in black and blue (fig. 10). The ninth, At'ama'k wears on the head a mask representing a kingfisher, and is clothed in a birdskin blanket. Tho last of the series is a woman called Tl'etsa'apletlaua (=the eater), the sister of all the others. Her face is painted with a bladder filled with grease (fig. U). She figures in several legends as stealing provisions and pursued by the jjeople whom she has robbed. r • i r The Sisau'kH, which is danced at potlatches and other festivals of gentes, is presided over by a being that lives in the sun. A man who had gone out hunting met the Sisau'kH, and was instructed by him in the Mecrets of the dance. When he returned he asked the people to clean their houses, and to screw them with clean sand, before he consented to enter. Then he danced the Sisau'kH, and told the people what he had seen. He said that the being had commanded them to perform this darice and to adorn themselves when dancing with carved headdresses with ff PMIJ II 8 REPORT — 1891. trails of ermine skins, and to swing carved rattles. The osan, later on, returned to the sun. Ever since that time the Bilqula dance the Sisau'ku. Besides this it is stated that the Raven gave each gens its secrets. Fig. 8. — Mask representing K'Omk'Otnkl'likya. Fig. 9. — Mask representing K'ula'qawa. L ill' :i Each gens has its peculiar carvings, vrhich are used in the Sisau'ku only, and are otherwise kept a deep secret, t.e., they are the sacred posses- Fia. 10. — Mask representing Kule'lias. Fig. 11. — Mask representing Tlotsa'apletlrina si(»ns of cRch gens. All gontcs, howDver, woar the beautiful carved hcatklitssca and use tlio nivcu rattles, regardless of the caiviiig they ON THE NOBTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 9 , later on, Sisau'kH. is. Msaukfi I posses- \^ caivt'd S they ♦ represent. Every time the sacred objects of a p^ens are shown to the people a potlatch is given. The sacred objects, although the property of the various gentea, must nevertheless be acquired by each individual. That is to say, every free person has the right to acquire a certain group of carvings and names, according to the gens to which he or slie belongs. Slaves and slaves' children, also illegitimate children, could not become Sisau'kH. A person cannot take a new carving, but must wait until it is given to him by his relatives — father, mother, or elder brother. Nusk'K- lu'sta, to whom I owe my information regarding the gentes, and who is a member of the gens lalo'stimot of the Talio'mH, stated that he had received the raven when he gave his first potlatch. At his second potlatch he received the eagle. He hopes that his mother will give him the whale at his next potlatch, and will at the same time divulge to him the secrets connected with it. In course of time, he said, he might get even otiiers from his brother ; but if the latter's children should prove to be very good, and develop very rapidly, his brother would probably give his secrets to his children. At festivals, when a person acquires a new secret, ho changes his name. Each person has two names, a Ku'f*iut name, which remains the same throughout life ; and a Qe'mtsloa name, whi(!h is changed at these festivals. Thus, Nusk'slu'sta's (which is his Ku'siut name) present Qe'mtsioa name is AtritlEmnE'lus'aiH, but at his next potlatch ho intends to take the name of Kalia'kis. These names are also the property of the various gentes, each gens having its own names. In the list of gentes given above, the names enumerated are the KiVsiut names of the ancestors. In two cases only the Qe'mtsioa names have been ascertained (see p. 3). When a man possesses several Sisau'kH secrets he will dis- tribute them among his children. When a girl marries, her father or mother may, after a child has been born to her, give one or several of their Sisau'kH secrets to her husband, as his children make him a member of the gens. When a person gets to be old he gives away all his Sisau'kit secrets. After any secret has been given away the giver must not use it any more. The crest and the Sisau'kH carvings must not be loaned to others, but each person must keep his own carvings. The only exceptions are the carved headdresses and the raven rattles, which are not the property of any particular gens. The laws regarding the potlatch are similar to those of the Kwakiutl, The receiver of a present becomes the debtor of the person who gave the potlatch. If the latter should die the debts become due to his heirs. If the debtor should die his heirs become resjjonsible for the debt. Property is also destroyed at potlatches. This is n()t returned, and serves only to enhance the social position of the individual who performed this act. It is not necessary that all the property given by a person in a potlatch should be owned by him. He may borrow part of it from his friends, and has to repay it with interest. I was told, for instance, that a man borrowed a large copper-plate an.l burnt it at a potlatch. When doing so he had to name the price which he was going to pay to the owner in its stead. Since that feast he died, and his heirs are now responsible for the amount named at the potlatch. The Ku'siuL is presided over by a female spirit, called AnaulikutsaiH. Her abode is a cave in the woods, which she keeps shut from Febrnary till October, remaining all the while inside. In October she opens the door of her cave and sits in front of it. A woman is said to have been the first to find her. Anafilikiitsai'H invited her into her cave and taught u 1—3 - *i I niii Vn If il B'l 10 BEPORT — 1891. M*!i her the secrets of the KiVsiut. She wore ornaments of red cedar-bark around her head, wrists, and ankles ; her face was blackened, her hair strewn with eagle-down. She commanded the woman to dance in the same way as she saw her dancinor. The people should accompany her dance with songs, and, after she had tinished, they should dance with masks. She said, ' Whenever a person sees me your people shall dance the Kii'siut. If you do not do so I shall punish you with death and sickness. In summer, while I am in my house, you must not dance the Ku'siut.' Ever since that time the Bilqula dance the KiVsiut. When a man has seen Anaulikiitsai'ii sitting before her cave he will invite the people to a Kii'siiit. j.\ ring made of red and white cedar-bark is hung up in his house, and the uninitiated are not allowed to enter it. Only in the evening, when dances are performed, they may look on, standing close to the door. As soon as the dances are over they must retire from the taboo house. Each Kii'siut lasts three days. The various dances performed by members of the Ku'siut are also the property of the gentes, and the right of performing them is restricted to members of the gens. They must not be given to a daughter's husband, as is the case with the Sisau'kii dances (see above), but belong to the members of the gens alone. They may, however, be loaned and borrowed by members of the gens, who have a right to a particular dance, but who do not own it. Permission to nse a mask or dance is obtained from the owner by payments. The owner may reclaim the dance or the borrower may return it at any time. Membership of tlie Ku'siut is obtained through an initiation. At this time the novice is given his Ku'siut name, which he retains throughout life. Each gens has its peculiar Ku'siut names, which are inherited by young persons from their parents or from other relatives. Thus a young man who had the name of Po'po until he was about seventeen years old obtained at his initiation the name of Tl'ako'otl. I have not reached a very clear understanding of the details of the initia- tion ; it seems that the dance is simply given to the novice in the same way as the Sisau'kii, this initiation being connected with a potlatch. But still it seems possible that he must ' dream ' of the dance which he is to perform. Only the highest degrees of the Kii'siiit have to pass through a religious ceremony of some importance. The hjghest degrees are the Elaqo'tla (the Ha'mats'a of the Kwakiutl), the O'ltq (the Nii'tlmatl of the Kwakiutl), and the Da'tia (the No'ntsistatl of the He'iltsuk). These grades are also hereditary. A Ku'siiit novice may acquire them at once at his first initiation. When the Elaqo'tla is initiated he goes into the forest, where he encounters his guardian spirit. It is believed that he goes up to the sun, and formerly he had to take human flesh along for food. The chiefs held a council the night preceding the beginning of the ceremonies, and any- one who wanted to show his liberality offered one of his slaves to be killed, iu order to serve as food for the Elaqo'tla. The otter was accepted and a payment of from ten to twenty blankets made for the slave. The latter was killed, and the members of the Klaqo'tla order devoured one- half of the body before the departure of the novice to the woods. There the latter is tied up and left to fast. IIo may stay there for twenty or thirty days until the spirit a[)pears to him and takes him up to the sun, where he is initiated. Early one morning ho I'eturns, and is heard outside the houses. He has lost all his hair, which, it is believed, has been torn ON THE NORTH-WESTETIN TRIBES OF CANADA. 11 out by tho strong breeze blowing in tbe higher regions. Ho is qnito naked, and bites everyone whom he can lay hold of. If he cannot catt-h anyone he will bite his own arm. It is believed that he has lost lii.s soni, which fled from the body when the spirit came to him. Therefore tho shamans must try for four days to recapture his soul. The night after they have recovered it the Elaqo'tla dances clothed iu a bear-skin and wearing a large headring, heavy bracelets and anklets, all made of red and white cedar-bark. Some ElaqO'tla do not bite people, but merely devour raw salmon, or tear dogs to pieces and devour them. Those who bite people will also eat corpses. The Elaqo'tla has to observe a nnmber of regulations. For four years after his initiation he must not gamble. He must stay away from his wife for one year, but this period is being reduced to one month. For two or three months he must not leave liis house. The O'lEq (= the laugher) and the Da'tia (= tho thrower) do not go into the woods to be initiated, but both must fast three days before tilth- first dance. The ()'li;q 'makes fun of everything ' and scratches people wit'i his nails. The Da'tia carries stones and sticks, and breaks household goods and canoes. If he has destroyed some object during the day he pays for it at night when he dances. The OlEq and the Da'tia must stay for one month, after they have danced, in their houses. If a person transgresses the laws of the KiVsiut, for instance when the Elaqo'tla gambles, or when a man performs a dance to which he has no right, also when a person derides the ceremonies or makes a mistake in dancing, his punishment is death. The chiefs assemble in council and the offender is called before the court. After his offence has been proved he is asked whether he is willing to suffer the penalty of death. If he is not willing, and one of his relatives is found willing to take the penalty on himself, the guilty party is spared, and the substitute is killed in his stead. The execution of the judgment is entnisted to the shaman, who bewitches the condemned person by throwing disease into him, or by poisoning him in some other (supernatural ?) way. The object thrown by the shaman is a shell, bone, or finger-nail, around the middle of which objects a human hair is tied. If this object strikes the offender he will fall sick. Blood collects in his stomach, and if it so happens that ho vomits this blood, and with it the disease-producing object, he will recover, and is not molested any further. The masks (not the whistles and other ornaments) used in the Ku'siut are burnt immediately at the close of each dancing season. Novices must wear a necklet of red cedar-bark over their blankets for a whole year. The masks used in the dances represent mythical personages, and the dances are pantomimic representations of myths. Among others the thunder-bird and his servant Atlqula'tEnum, who wears a mask with red and blue stripes over the whole face from the right-hand upper side to the left-hand lower side, and a staff' with red and blue spiral lines, appear in the dances. Prominent masks are also Qe'mtsloa and his brothers and his sister (see p. C), Masmasala'niq and his fellows, the raven and the Nusqe'mta, and many others. Customs REaARoiNO B[Hi'rT, Puherty, MAURfAOE, and Dkatii. When the time of delivery approaches, the woman leaves the house aud resorts to a small hut built for the puri)ose. She is assisted by pro- II 1 -l. 18 REPORT — 1891. ;i i is- I;! fessional midwives. The child ig washed in warm water. For ten days the mother must remain in this hnt. Father and mother must not go near the room for a year (according to Nusk'Elu'sta, for ten days), else the salmon would take oiTence. The child is soon given its first name. On this occasion the whole tribe is invited to a feast, the name is made public, and the guests receive small presents. The child retains this name until it becomes a member of the KiVsiut, when it is given its Kii'siut name. This ceremony takes place after puberty has been reached. About this period the young man gives his first potlatch and assumes the Qe'mtsloa name. When a girl reaches puberty she must stay in the shed which serves as her bedroom, where she has a separate fireplace. She is not allowed to descend to the main part of the house, and must not sit by the fire of the family. For four days she must remain motionless in a sitting pos- ture. She fasts during the daytime, but is allowed a little food and drink at a very early hour in the morning. After this term she may leave her room, but only through a separate opening. She must not yet come to the main room. When leaving the house she wears a large hat, which pro*^ects her face against the rays of the sun. It is believed that if the sun should shine on her face her eyes would suffer. She may pick berries on the hills, but must not come near the river or sea for a whole year. She miist not eat fresh salmon, else she would lose her senses, or her mouth would be transformed into a long beak. She must not chew gum or eat snow (see Fifth Report of Committee, 1889, p. 42). If a young man wishes to marry a girl he goes, surrounded by his friends, to the house of the girl's father and states his intention. His friends carry food and presents, and if the father accepts the suit he sends out a young man, who receives the food and presents and carries them into the house. Sometimes the father does not accept the offer at once. In such cases the young man may repeat the same ceremony until he is finally rejected or accepted. Ai'ter the time of the raan'iage has been agreed upon between the contracting parties, and the day preceding the marriage has arrived, the young man invites all the people to a feast, durinw which he states that he is to be married on the following day. He asks a number of men, generally from twenty to thirty, and four women to assist him. On the following forenoon they assemble, and accompany the bridegroom to the girl's house. They sing outside, and four of the men dance. All of them have their faces painted red. Finally they enter, and the bridegroom gives a large amount of property to the girl's father. Then the girl leaves her parents and goes to the bride- groom, bringing him also a largo amount of property which has been given to her for this purpose by her parents and relatives. He in turn gives her blankets and other apparel of the best quality, and distributes presents among her relatives. This is repeated after some time. All he has given to his bride and her relatives is repaid to him with interest. A rich girl will repay twice or three times the amount given by the man. At the time of the marriage the bride's father may promise the groom to give him his Sisau'kH secrets as soon as the pair have their first child. The children may belong to the father's or mother's gens, as the parents may choose. In case of a separation the wife refunds the amount of purchase- money. The children may stay with either parent, or part of them may ON THE NOUTU-WESTERN TRIBBS OF CANADA. 13 go with the mother and part with the father. The decision is left to the parents and children. When a person has died the corpse is washed, the face painted red, the legs are doubled np, and the arras folded over the breast. The nose- ornament of the deceased is put into his nose ; his shirt is put on, the back part covering the breast and the front part turned backward. The body is placed in a box and the latter is either fastened on the lower branches of a tree or placed in a little house, which is set on posts, above the level of the ground. The face of the deceased is turned eastward. Part of his property and gifts from his friends are deposited near the grave. The masks of the deceased are burnt. His crest is carved on a memorial column, which also shows how many canoes, coppers, hoad- dreeses, and slaves he had given away at potlatches. These objects are painted or carved on the columns. Formerly slaves were killed at the burial of chiefs. The number of slaves killed was also indicated by so many human figures on the memorial column. After burial food for the use of the deceased is thrown into the fire. This is repeated frequently during a prolonged period alter the death has occurred. Whenever the friends of the deceased partake of a meal a little food is thrown down at a place between the fire and the door, where the entrance to the lower world, the home of the dead, is believed to be. The bed of a mourner must be protected againt the ghost of the de- ceased. His male relatives stick a thorn-bush into the ground at each corner of their beds. After four days these are thrown into the water. Mourners must rise early and go into the woods, where they stick four thorn-bushes into the ground, at the corners of a square, in which they cleanse themselves by rubbing their bodies with cedar-branches. They also swim in ponds. After swimming they cleave four small trees and creep through the clefts, following the course of the sun. This they do on four subsequent mornings, cleaving new trees every day. Mourners cut their hair short. The hair that has been cut off is burnt. If they should not observe these regulations it is believed that they would dream of the deceased. Women when mourning scratch their cheeks with shells or stones. The mourning regulations for a widower or a widow are especially strict. For four days he (or she) must fast, and must not speak a word, else the dead wife or husband would lay a hand on the month of the offender, who would then die. They must not go near water, and are forbidden to catch or eat salmon for a whole year. For the same length of time they must not eat fresh herring or olachen. Widow and widower cleanse themselves in the same way as other mourners. Their shadows are considered unlucky, and must not fall on any person. Some time after the death of a rich or influential person Ids nearest relative invites the whole tribe to a potlatch. On this occasion he sings a mourning song for the deceased and gives away presents to his guests. It was explained to me that this ended the mourning, and that it was ' the same as giving away the bones of the deceased.' LWl1*i f null fj,« 19 REPOUT — 1891. hair with white eaffle-down. Warriors when on a war party mnst nofc drink more than fonr monthfuls of water, else they would be killed. A watchman was appointed in each canoe, who sat in the bow. On landing near the village of their enemies they divided themselves into a nnniher of parties, one house of the village being assigned to each. TIumi, early in the morning, when all were asleep, they rushed up to the village utter- ing their war cry ' Talio'mu, TnmHa akyas ami A'lkins by name, and one woman had been hurt. The latter had been killed. When the Kwakiutl turned back a messenger was at once &ent up to the lake to call the young men, who then went to Naqa'lkH to ask for help. The Kwakiutl passed ch)se to Nusk'Elu'sta's father's canoe, but tlu^y were so terrified by the losses they had sustained that they passed by without so much as noticing it. Two of their number ■were so ashamed of their d( feat tliat they would rather remain in the enemy's country than return with their friends, and they sta)'ed ashore. Meanwhile the Talio'mH and the Bilqula were pursuing the fugitives. They had reached the outlet of Bentinck Arm without overtaking them. Then their chiefs resolved to return, as they believed that their enemies had a long start upon them. Later on tliey learnt that the Kwakiutl were at that moment only a few miles from them, about to continue their homeward journey, after having encamped at the outlet of the channel. Afterwards the Talio'mu found the two men who had remained ashore. They called them and promised to send tbem back to their friends saying that the war had ended, and that they had no grudge against them. The men were, however, too much afraid, and finally starved to death. Later on the Talio'mn and Bilc^nla organised an expedition against the Kwakiutl to take revenge for the unprovoked attack. A chief named KoaHi'la, whose father was a Talio'mu, while his mother was a Kwakiutl, was their leader. They intended to attack the Le'kwiltok- and the Kwe'k-sot'enoq. When they apf)roache(l the village of the latter they sent a canoe ahead to search for the village, and to report the number of houses. For two days they were unable to find the village, which lies in a labyrinth of islands ; but finally they found it, and saw that it consisted of sixteen houses. On the next morning they attacked it. The tribe was wholly taken by surpri.se and almost all of them were killed. Koaiii'la's mother lived at this place, and when she heard the Bilqula coming she asked at once for her son, and was taken care of by him. Only five men and four women escaped. The Bilqula allowed these to run away, as they had killed as many at; they desired. Anuknl'tsem, a chief of the SEnqtU/mh, was the only man of the Bilqula who was wounded. He died on the way home. They returned, but in the country of the Na'koartok" they were overtaken by four Kwakiutl canoes which pursued them. The Bilqula were victoricms, but Koaiii'la induced them to desist. During the fight two of the women, whom they had taken as slaves, and one boy jumped overboard, and were rescued by the Kwakiutl. MKDICrNE. Boils are treated by cauterisation with dry bark or with gunpowder. Sometimes a series of parallel cuts is made over swellings or boils. Fractured bones are set, and fastened between splints of cedar-bark. Enemata of shark oil or olachen oil are given by means of a kelp tube, •with a mouthpiece made of the wing-bone of an eagle. Snake poison is collected and used as a poison. Women wear tight anklets * to prevent u 1 — 5 jiuil I-'" 18 ["! RBPOHT — 181)1. Js lit I. J J'l' . In !l' , the calves of their lel)er of ciosely allied tribes. I have distinguished the following gi'oups : — 1. Tribes of British Columbia, north of Dean Inlet. 2. Kwakiutl and Nootka. 3. Bilqula. 4. Lower Eraser River. 5. Harrison Lake and Lillooet. 6. Tribes of Washington, including the whole coast of that State west of the Cascade Range. 7. Columbians, including the tribes in the immediate neighbourhood of Columbia River and in the Lower Willamette Valley. 8. Northern Oregon, including the Yakonan and Salish tribes between Umpqua and Columbia Rivers. 9. Oregonian Tinneh and Coosan. 10. Crosses between Oregonian Tinneh and Northern Californians. 11. Northern Californians. Only a short series of measurements of each individual was made, such as could be taken by the removal of only a small portion of the clothing. Following is a list of the measurements. ON THE N0UTII-WK8TEUN TRIllRS of CANADA. 19 1. Stature. 2. Finj^or-reach. 8. Height ot oar. 4 Hcifjlit of 7th vertebra. 5. Hiight of acromion. 6. Height of point of second finger. 7. Witltli between acromia. 8. Height, sitting. 9. Lengt'.i of hend. zygomatic 10. Width of heaH. 11. Width between areliea. 12. Distance from naso- frontal suture to chin. 13. Distance from uaso-frontal suture to mouth. 14. Height of noso. IT), Width of l)aso of nose. 10. Maxiniuu) width of nose. i In measuring the ' stature,' the subject was asked to stand erect, but caro was taken to avoid excessive stretchinij, as in these cases the stature during the process of measuring would undergo material changes. The ' finger- reach ' is the greatest distance between the tips of the second fingers, tha arms being extended horizontally. In this ease the subject was encouraged to make the stron«rest possible effort. The measurements of stature, height of acromion, height of point of second finger, were tnken in rapid sue- cession, in order to avoid changes of position as much as possible. In measuring the point of the second tinger the arms and hands wei-e stretched out downward, .so that hand and arm formed as nearly as pos- sible a straight line. A glance at the tables will show that the results of the measurements of ' heij^dit of ear' (being the diHerence between the stature and the height of ear above the ground") as obtained by this method are very unsatisfactory. In most cases it was dillicult to obtain a sufficient) V level surface for a satisfactory comparison of tt.e two measure- ments. Only among the Bilqula and the last three groups this difficulty did not present itself. But even in these cases I do not consider the results very accurate, mainly on account of the unavoidable movements of the subject. 1 should prefer, at another time, to measure the distance directly by Topinard's method. The difference between the lieights of the acromion and of the point of the second finger gives the length of arm with greater accuracy, because I was able to take these two measure- ments without moving the scale. The length and width of the head are maximum measurements; the former is always taken from the glabella ; the vertical measurements of the face were taken from the naso-frontal suture. The indices require little explanation. The cephalic index is the proportion between length and width of the head, the latter being expressed in per cents, of the formei*. The index of the height of ear is the proportion between the length of head and the difference in height of the ear and vertex. The facial index is the proportion of the naso-mental line to the width of face, the index of the upper part of the face the pro- portion of the naso-oral line to the width of face. I have givfen two nasal indices, the proportions of the basal width and maximum width of the nose, the former being measured at the insertion of the alae, to the height of nose. The last three columns contain finger-reach, height sitting, and length of arm, expressed in per cents, of the stature. Before discussing the measurements I give the tables. The descrip- tions are withheld tor the present, as it is desir 'a to data. fiunl i 7 as gam some new 20 n 'i* li . ii tk-i RRPORT — 1891. 1. Various Northern Trihen. MnleH Number . • . . . 1 Samuel 1 Gctlgalgao i 1 Johnny Dixie 1 la 8 4 6 6 7 Natue .... J c •-5 a il •s t; William Seba'sa a M « r/l rt 1 \4 S < Tribe -j lida, Gold Harbour Haida, kidegate .2 5 (A. ^ S.2 1 '2 t Si K VJ Ho ^^ ^a o O Age 25 50 32 28 25 mm. 21 mm. 20 mm. mm. mm. mm. ram. V Stature 1,«>HS> 1,(;()3 1.637 1,649 1.589 1,628 1,619 < . Finger-reach .... 1,705 l,(;v>2 1,727 — 1,676 1,747 1,713 Height »)f seventh vertebra 1,362 — 1,400 1,353 1,390 1,355? ; Height of acromion . 1,382 1 1,31 Ir 1,280^ (1,313 1,329 1,321 1,330 1,333 Heiglit of point of second fin- 612 570/ 571 614 597 538 600 ger » Width between acroniia . — — — — — 381 368 4 606 59 6 55-5 490 53(5 47-6 ' Nasal index .... (55"5 — 66-7 53-2 70-4 77 8 67-9 Index of bas( )f nose — — — - — 57-4 107-3 554 4 a < r: rt i H ! 1 ?« ?m -M ■tj •4^ 1 ! ■4^ « = iSis o t ^*M "3 «- "rt rt 4^ O S""" rS 3 o f E^ c o rt G t 9 Sic5§ rt ■s J? rt 's .~ rt '2 .a Et4 ^ ^ O O 1 'A O 1 o 24 34 40 50 40 48 55 25 52 ! 55 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 1 nmi. 1,«;47 1,695 1,633 1,575 1,612 1,574 1,565 1,711 1,441 1,471 1,756 1,833 1,780 l,r>(54 1,(;51 1,791 1,742 1,829 1 ,555 1 1,571 — 1,450 1,380 1,299? 1,365 — 1,626 1,475 1,225 1,238 1,330 1,381 1,314 1,292 1,313 1,276 1,254 1,403 1.191 1,191 574 629 578 571 589 49(i 524 618 521 536 387 U97 371 _. 370 386 3H6 330 310 889 876 898 873 876 838 838 !>14 7i>9 804 756 752 736 721 724 780 730 785 670 (i55 201' 195' 200' 206' 193 196 193 189 177 187 161' 158' 164' 175' 149 150 155 162 143 151 139' 144' 136 ' 130' 136 120 140 135 138 126 146 152 157 138 150 154 150 152 1 39 152 116 127 140 121 127 121 141 127 i 113 119 73 84 90 81 79 78 87 78 75 81 53 57 63 54 50 55 ()3 60 51 53-5 33 30 30 37 39 34 — 31 33 39 35 39 35 41 40 76-5 37 80-3 41 32 37 80-1' 810' 82-0' 85-0' 77-2 85-7 80-8 80-7 69-2 ' 73-8' 73-0' 63-1' 70-5 612 72-5 71-4 78-0 67-4 79-5 83-5 89-2 87-7 84-6 78-6 94-0 83-6 81-3 78-3 500 55-3 57-3 58-7 : 52-6 50-6 58-0 47-3 54-0 53-3 73-6 61-4 61-9 64-8 82-0 72-7 58-7 68-3 (!2-7 69-1 1 62-3 52-8 47-6 — 74-0 70-9 54-0 60-8 61-7 106-6 108-1 109-0 1056 102-4 113-8 111-3 106-9 107-9 106-8 540 51-7 55-0 65-4 54-3 53-2 53-5 53-4 55-4 54-7 45-9 44-4 45-1 45-8 44-9 49-6 46-6 45-9 46-4 44-5 711 Head deformed. Hi— 6 22 !■ '' t ■(>; It tu i :| |3 REPORT —1891. 4. — Lowsr Fraser River. Males. Number .... 1 2 3 4 3 6 6 7 8 i • 1-1 5 a.« Name .... 4-> X 3 bo < s 1 o a" a o 5 < a p; r* G,S H \ ^ ^ ... / 3 3 A a a ... Cu Tribe . . . ." ^«3 o 13 1 O >> 15 ca &;s '^ :g2 St^ feS C O ( ^^. f^s ^IS, Age .... 9 it-10 mm. 10 10 10 mm. 12 12 12 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. Stature .... 1,219 1,260 1,378 1,324 1,332 1,381 1,368 1,365 Finger-reacL . i,2:w 1.279 1,435 1,364 1,378 1,462 1,419 1,428 Height of 7th vertebra . 1,020 1,062 1,168 1,117 1,125 1,167 1,156 1,143 Height of acromion 1)74 1018 1108 1,062 1,079 1,095 1,105 1,077 Height of point of second 4.S2 451 493 469 486 475 504 469 finger Width between acromia 273 289 322 289 316 314 318 310 Height, sitting <)84 705 733 717 724 749 743 747 Length of arm 542 559 615 593 593 620 601 608 Length of head 170 172' 183 177-5 170 178 165' 175 Width of head 145 154' 155 151 152 155 154' 1.52 Height of ear Hit 112 132 125 126 129 130 137 Width of face 125 128 142 127 133 132 135 136 Distance from chin to 102 106 105 106 105 110 104 107 na^o-frontal suture Distance from mouth to 64 64 64 * 65 68 69 67 72 naso-frontal suture Heiglit of nose 41 41 43 46 44 44 43 45 Maximum width of nose 28 29 28 22 25 28-5 28 29 Width of base of nose . 35 34 89-5' 34 29 33 35 33 33 Cephalic index 85-3 84-7 851 894 87-1 93-3' 869 Index of height of ear . 70-0 651 72-1 70 4 74-1 72-5 78-8 78-3 i Facial index . 81-6 82-8 73-9 83-4 78-9 83-3 77-0 78-7 : Index of upper part of 61-2 500 45-1 51-2 51-1 52-3 49-6 529 face Nasal index . 85-3 82-9 791 630 750 79-5 76-7 73-3 Index of base of nose . G8-3 70-7 65-1 104-1 47-8 56-8 64-7 105-8 651 64-4 Finger-reach, per cents. . 101-5 101-5 103-0 103-4 1037 104 6 Height, sitting, „ 56-1 56-0 53-2 54-1 64-4 54-2 54-3 54-7 Length of «rm, „ 44-6 44-4 446 44-8 44-5 44-9 439 44-5 Doubtful whether head deformed. I'^.a.. „. ON THE NORTH-WISTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 23 i.— Lower Fraser River. Males (continued). 8 i 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 CS >. en 1 - a a M u ?n M \*t P S. D 0) a a 1 1 (5 a 1 o 0) o a a i < HI u O Chilliwack 1 o eg I 1 a O o 3 02 a a o a .2 CO .2 o CO .— t in H 1 ^ 12 12 12 14-15 15 15 31 35 1 48 50 50-55 65 70-80 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. 1 mm. mm. 1 mm. mm. mm. 1,365 1,403 I,31t7 1,549 1,576 1,600 1,657 (1,663) — 1 1,649 1,606 1,651 1,428 1,438 1,419 1,614 1,682 1,634 1,720 1,807 — 1,750 1,701 1,867 1,143 1,191 1,184 — 1,359 1,359 — — — — — 1,077 \ 1124^ / 1,125 1,272 1,279 1,289 1,343 — — 1,349 1,321 1.359 469 ( 5111 532 586 568 596 617 (581) — 557 581 540 — 310 i 286 277 348 371 349 406 __ _ 378 370 381 747 744 749 825 849 851 898 -^ 900 870 608 i 613 593 686 711 693 726 — — 792 741 819 — 175 i 176-5 171 180 185 183 191 200' ISS'-ii 183-5' 187-5' 190' 187' 152 153 152 157'5 158 155 158 181' 166- 183' 170' 171' 166' 137 131 131 130 141 138 130 — — 138 133 138 136 1 129 129 144 143 137 151 167-5 157 162 ; 161 161 160 107 103 105 121 116 114 122 119 122 137 ! 132 130 124 72 : 70 68 77 73 72 76 74 85 89 86 83 81 1 45 j 45 42 ' 46 49 51 55 52 56 62 58 56 60 29 1 31 33 28 35 31 33 32 35 37 31 33 32 33 : 37 37 34 41 36 39 41 90-5' 40 45 38 38 39 86-9 86-7 88-9 87-5 85-4 84-7 82-7 88-3-' 100-0' 1 90-6' 89-5' 88-8' 78-3 ! 74 2 76-6 72-2 76-2 75 4 68-1 — — 75-2 1 70-9 726 78-7 : 79-8 81-4 M-Q 811 83-2 80-8 71-0 77-7 84 6 1 82-0 80-8 77-1 52 9 1 543 52-7 63-5 510 52-6 50-3 44-2 541 54-9 53-4 51-6 50-6 73 3 82-2 88-3 73-9 83-8 70-7 70-9 78-8 71-4 72-4 1 65-5 67-9 65-0 64-4 68-9 78-6 60-9 104'2 71-4 60-8 600 61-5 62-5 59-7 I 53-4 58-9 53-3 04 6 1025 lOl*^' 106-7 102 1 103-7 108-7 , . 106-1 105-9 113-1 54-7 630 536 53-3 539 53-2 54-2 — 54-6 54-2 — — 44-5 437 42-6 44-3 451 43-3 43-8 — —"" 48-1 46-1 49-0 — ' Head deformed. ' Doubtful whether head deformed. . y ri,r" I 9i,H 24 U] REPORT — 1891. 7. Columbians. I. Males Number 1 o 3 4 5 / CI c3 aj o ■4-' i-H 03 bo o r=^ 6 to -3^ d Name ] '^^-, K O^s^ e*« 1—) lo \ O r2 Jose broth son ' c4 8^ ^ 03 1^ Tribe - IS C JS ISIS II n ^ oo ^Ui oo • 02 L feS ^^ feS ^a Afje 12 15 17 21 24 mm. mm. mm. ram. mm. Stature 1,447 1,(534 1,(56(5 1,747 1,625 Finger-reach 1,4(56 1,713 1,708 1,833 1,775 Height of seventh vertebra .... 1,222 — — 1,501 1,403 Height of acromion 1,168 1,295 1,336 1,400 1,308 Height of point of second finger . 517 552 (522 613 578 Width between acromia 310 ■MTi — 426 370 Height, sitting 775 867 889 952 897 Length of arm 651 743 714 787 730 Length of head 178 179 184 191' 186 Width of head 147 150 149 164 ' 153 Height of ear 133 129 146 154' 124 Width of face 131 140 135 153 145 Distance from chin to naso-frontal suture . \ 11(5 116 118 129 120 Distance from mouth to naso-frontal suture . 76 T.i 69 84 76 Height of nose 50 52 48 59 55 Width of base of nose 24 32 33 29 33 Maximum width of nose 31 38 83-8 — 37 40 ".2-3 Cephalic index 82-6 81-0 85-9 ' Index of height of ear 74-7 721 79-3 80-6' 66-7 Facial index 88-6 82-9 87-4 84-3 82-8 Index of upper part of face .... 58-0 51-4 511 54-9 52-4 Nasal index 620 731 — (52-7 72-7 Index of base of nose . . . ■ . 48-0 61-5 63-5 49-1 600 Finger-reach in per cent 101-3 104-8 102-5 104-9 109-2 Height, sitting, ,, .... 53-6 530 53-5 54-5 551 Length of arm, „ .... 45-0 45-5 42-8 45-1 450 ' Head deformed. ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 25 7. Columbians (continued). M 2 .•cc 24 mm. 1,625 1,775 1,403 1,308 578 370 897 730 18G 153 124 145 120 76 55 33 40 ".2-3 66-7 82-8 524 72-7 600 109-2 551 450 I. Mules 6 7 8 9 10 ti 0) ^ u u 3 J3 i-H is o 1" a c a o o 0) « H .Sc^H O X ■4^ -4^ CO a i" i -s s ^■8 Id c3 lolal kam lola] kam o o p=-. O 1^ w -C rt • p-H « ^W 3 M o fe-g- 34-35 37 mm. 40 46 50 mm. mm. mm. mm. 1,777 1,615 1,758 1,668 l,(iS2 1,851 i,727 1,865 1,750 1,731 1,549 1,371 — 1,438 1,447 1,454 1,329 1,441 1,373 1,362 676 600 670 654 584 :i87 343 — 381 397 952 894 927 895 921 778 729 771 719 778 193 184 201 190' 186' 156 157 158 176' 1,S5' 120 129 153 135' 1.39' 156 147 145 164 160 129 124 114 128 129 83 75 75 8.') 85 54 52 47 61 62 29 33 29 32 37 — — 36 78-6 38 39 80-8 85-3 92-(i ' 99-r) ' 62-2 70-1 76-1 71-1' 74-7' 82-7 84-4 78-(; 7N'0 80-1 53-2 510 51-7 51 '8 531 — — 62-3 62-9 53-7 1050 63-5 1069 ()l-7 52-4 59-7 106-1 1049 102-9 53-6 55-3 52-7 53-7 54-7 43-8 45-2 43-!) 43-2 46-3 11 u o c3 o o l-H 50 mm. 1.722 1,803 1,501 1,447 676 941 771 181' 153 116 114 124 82 59 27 36 84-5 86-1 56-9 61-0 45-7 104-7 54-6 44-8 12 o 4^ p t—t 56-60 mm. 1,651 1,719 1,417 1,365 613 869 752 182 'I lijli '1 129'! 147 ' 126 76 55 ! 34 ! 37 I 85-7'' 70-9 ' 85-7 : 51-7 67-3 , 61-8 ' I 104-1 52-7 45-6 13 3 c3 a 6 "-A -^ f— * 8-9 mm. 1,224 1,244 1,006 971 465 277 672 506 171 151 132 130 104 63 42 26 88-3 77-2 80-0 48-5 Gl-9 101-6 54-9 41-4 11. Females 14 ^1 3 Si 3 O 50 d ^ . 13 mm. 1,459 1,514 1,2-17 1,175 552 348 797 623 175 158 130 141 112 71 48 33 90-3 74-3 79-4 50-4 68-7 103-7 54-6 42-7 15 4) .2 c4 1 1 mm. 1,520 1,560 1,238 581 356 817 657 173' 161' 129 1 149 111 77 50 34 39 93- 1 ' 74-6' 74-5 51-7 78-0 68-0 102-6 53-8 43-2 ' Hcarl deformed. %i i 26 REPORT — 1891. 8. Ahea and Tillamooh. I. Males Number Name Tribe > c4 Age Stature Finger-reach .... Height of seventh vertebra . Height of acromion Heiglit of point of second finger Width between acromia Height, sitting Length of arm Lengtli of liead Width of head Height of ear Width of face Distance from chin to naso-frontal sutnre Distance from mouth to naso-frontal suture Height of nose ..... Widtii of base of nose .... Cephalic index Index of height of ear . Facial index . Index of upper part of face Index of base of nose mm. 1,238 1,247 1,0:58 5)81 443 2f)0 687 5:f8 Ifiitf) 15;5-5 121 128 102 (1« 44 27 Fingei- reach in per cent. Heig' t, sitting, „ Length of arm, ,, 905 714 7i)r) 516 61-4 100-7 55-5 434 Head deformed. u 01 .2 C M o o a c4 8-9 mm. 1,270 1,311 1,048 991 419 283 690 572 185 145 127 131 97 61 40 28 78-4 68 6 74-0 466 700 1032 543 451 s > p M O) > a o a r--« c3 CO 12 mm. 1,384 1,364 1,152 1,101 511 310 754 590 181 154 146 116 53 28 85-1 807 52-8 98-6 54-5 42-7 a o C .« +j a o 1i 20 mm. 1,676 1,708 1,422 1,374 649 .360 941 725 182 164' 140 155 126 80 55 28 90- 1 ' 76-9' 81-3 51-6 50-9 101-9 56-1 433 o t-1 it o O N a« 22 mm. 1,698 1,752 1,427 1,378 640 402 924 738 178 149 135 138 112 73 52 30 83-7 75-8 81-2 52-9 577 103-2 54-4 43-5 5 "3 o k1 at Em 22 mm. I,fi98 1,752 1,427 1,378 G40 402 924 738 1 178 149 135 138 112 73 62 80 83-7 75-8 81-2 52-9 57-7 103-2 54-4 43-5 ! — ON THE NORTH-WESTHiRN TRIBES OF CANADA. 8. Alsea and Tillamook (continued). 0) J2 S'^ o o 23 mm. I,r)9() l,ti85 1,3G4 1,289 684 393 887 705 184 15(5 130 144 122 7H 54 31 84-8 70-7 84-7 52-8 5; -4 105-f) I. Males a o tfl M u ta >-> ID Si fa c3 en 25 mm. 1 ,(J(!2 1.7S0 1,425 1,330 583 3i)0 911 757 180 1()5 151 152 124 77 57 3(5 91-7' 83-9 1 8M! 50-7 '; 170' 140' 152 120 75 54 34 9(;(5' 79-5 ' 78-9 : 4i)'3 ()3-0 107-1 106-4 54-8 55-3 44-9 45-7 104-r. 55-() 42-9 187' 1(!7' 140' 154 11(5 75 52 33 893' 74-9' 75-3 48-7 63-5 iO(;-5 55-1 44-5 Head deformed. II. Females 11 a 12 a 3 1-3 c 11 nun. 1,41(5 1,428 1,139 533 318 7(58 GOG c3 16 178 149 1.59 1:53 102 43 35 8:! 7 89-3 7(5 7 81-4 mm. 1,508 1,524 1,301 1,225 .''1.1 2 330 673 165 145 127 128 107 4!l 28 87 9 2 77-0 83-6 i)i I 100 8 53 5 428 101-1 44-7 13 o a O o O o o a c3 18 mm. I,5:f0 1,57(5 l,:i()8 1,228 6.*)1 352 841 677 186' 166 ' 119' 145 119 80 58 28 89-2 ' 80-1 ' 82' 1 55-2 48-3 10 '.0 55-0 44-2 14 o 3 c o •-5 i-s ?J rt " 1 Creek ath 1 U u 9 Tribe X 70 « '^ 2 ii 03 O ^3 i/2 . • "-a ■■^2 i4< 5.1^ ifi tie o p^rt ^P. ^"i .?3 ' f-^ r^ f^ Age 17 22 mm. 22 24 26 mm. 45 mm. mm. mm. mm. Stature l,5!)a 1,681 1,570 1,636 1,636 1,647 Finger- rea(;h 1,717 1.747 i,,,15 1,703 1,676 1,753 Height of seventh vertebra 1,355 1,441 1,322 1,390 1,371.' 1,438 F'^iglit i)f acromion l,2i»7 1,352 1,265 1,352 1,330 1,362 Height of point of second finger T)!'.* 624 571 619 600 592 Width between aeroniia . 3(!0 88(! 376 362 376 Height, sitting 841 173 892 886 181 881 908 193' 876 184 Length of head 187 177 Width of liead 155 149 155 154 149 148 Height of e.ar ..... 149 145 1 35 133 116 133 Widtli of face 144 135 M3 1 3(5 142 148 Distance from chin to naso- frontal 121 125 119 122 122 120 su ure Distatice from mouth to naso-frontal — 76 80 78 71 — suture Height of nose 53 52 55 54 50 53 Width of base of nose 32-5 89-6 27 79-7 28 24 87-0 32 31 Cephalic index 85-6 77-2 80-4 Index of height of ear 861 77-5 74-6 751 — 72-3 Facial index 84-0 92-6 83-2 897 85-9 81 1 Index of upper part of face — 56-3 55-9 57-4 50-0 — Index of base of nose 61-3 520 5(.-8 102-9 44 4 104-1 64-0 102-4 58-3 106-4 Finger-reach, in per cent. . 107-8 103-9 Height, sitting, „ . . . 52-8 531 5()-4 i 53-9 55-5 53-2 Length of arm, „ * 47-0 43-3 44-2 44-8 108 44-6 46-7 Minimum width of forehead ^__^ Maximum width of nose . — — — 41 |l ! ' 197 from glabella. ON THE NORXn-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 29 lanfi. 11. Southern Oregon and Northern California. (i 7! c 'o 1-5 J J 1 45 n. ram. !6 1,C.47 re 1,753 ■1? 1,438 50 1,3(!2 10 592 37f5 •8 876 3' 184 9 148 (5 133 2 148 2 120 1 — 53 2 31 2 804 , 72-3 9 Sll — 58 3 4 lOfi-4 t"i 532 () 4(i-7 • — [. Males s II. Fe- ■ male ^1 Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 H t re -4^ o % 1 ^^m t; d s -4-t M P3 .a ^ ^^^v . Name . rZ •Jj -.-.' -^ 1) K' ^ o M CS ■U re -*-' \n ^^^F^' ^ a S a S 3 E Klaina i> ^B : V O C3 5 o P3 o H ii 1 / C3 -^ -M re "7 2 ^ T. I Tribe . ^ £ rS is t rt g CS a fC x r: ^ ^1 1 CO 18 w 02 48 mm 'A W 1 Age .... 16 36 mm. 40 50 60 mm. 45-50 mm. ■ mm. mm. mm. mm. ^1 Stature .... 1,601) 1,615 1,622 1,666 1,612 1,551 1,570 1,.^54 ^1 P'ingor-reach . 1 ,Miri 1,756 1,681 1,719 1,714 1,651 l,t;30 1,525 :^H Height of seventh ver- 1,365 1,374 1,381 1,437 1,365 1,313 1,319 ^^■i tebra ^^B^ Height of acromion 1,282 1.303 1,301 1,359 1,317 1,227 1.23S 1,241 Height of point of 565 559 581 619 576 557 557 611 S ' second finger ■ \ Width between ac- — 400 373 — 352 367 340 325 ■ J roima ^ Height, sitting 870 189 847 1!)4 881 183 889 190 854 190 795 813 189 889 I^B Length of head 187 187 ^ Width of head 150 154 149 152 152 155 154 146 r v^H^S Height of ear 130 133 133 127 141 146 158 142 'fll Width of face 139 144 147 148 145 142 148 148 t;^K Distance from chin to 120 128 123 121 121 123 128 116 j^B naso-frontal suture fl Distance from mouth to 76 79 76 71 72 79 85 74 '^Hl naso-frontal suture \^Pt ' Height of nose 52 51 55 53 47 55 62 52 ( m Width of base of nose . 29 31 79-4 31 34 80-0 30 31 36 31 Cephalic index 79-4 81-4 HO-0 82-9 81-5 78-1 Index of height of ear . 68-8 68-6 72-7 66-8 742 78-1 83-6 75-9 y ^1 Facial index . 8(!-3 8S-9 83-7 81'8 83-5 86-6 865 81-1 l M Index of ujjper part of 547 54-9 51-7 480 49-7 55-6 57-4 51-7 ^flJ face Index of base of nose 55-8 60-8 563 641 63-9 106-3 56-3 581 103-8 59-8 LM Finger-reach in per cent. l()3-7 108 7 103-6 103-2 10(5 4 98-1 Height, sitting, „ 542 .52-4 53-7 53-4 53 51-3 61-8 57-2 )«■ Length of arm, „ 44-7 461 44-4 44-4 460 43-2 43-4 40-5 fl Minimum width of fore- 102 — 100 ^^ 1 fl head ^H Maximum width of nose 35 — 36 ~ "" H ,ii\ i,;*i if ) .m ii J ll i 1 if 30 KEPORT — 1891. In order to discuss the material contained in the preceding tables, I have arranged it in series. The series for * Stature,' ' Cephalic Index,' • Facial Index,' • Index of Upper Part of Face,' ' Finger-reach,' * Height, sitting,' and ' Length of Arm,' are given here. In selecting the cases to be included in each series, it was necessary to exercise some criticism. The ages of all individuals are estimated more or less incorrectly. In order to fix the lower limit, I assumed nineteen years for males and seven- teen years for females as the limit. For the facial index I assumed the limits as twenty and eighteen. Only in such cases where the measure- raents of a male of about eighteen years exceeded the corresponding most frequent measurements of adults, I included the case in the series, us the probability is, that such an individual had reached approximately its maximum growth. By this method the total results cannot be depressed. It is more dillicult to decide on an upper limit. It appears cleurly from the tables that the changes incident to old age begin very early among these Indians. The stature decreases, and the facial index diminishes on account of the wearing down of the teeth. But there are great individual differences regarding the time of the beginning of these changes. A decrease of stature will always tend to increase the relative lengtli of arm, because the absolute length of the latter does not decrease ])roportionately. In the same way the proportional ]^art of the ' height, sitting ' decreases as the trunk loses more ra})idly, through the increasing curvature of the spine, than the legs do. I have, therefore, excluded all such individuals over forty-eight years (estimated), in whom these indices differ from the most frequently occurring indices in such a sense that they might be explained as caused by loss in size. A comparison of children's cephahc indices and of those of adults does not seem to bring out any typical differences between the two ; for this reason, which is entirely in accord with Welclcer's investigations of the growth of the skull (' Untersuchungen uber Wachsthum und Bau des menschlichen Schadels,' Leipzig, 1862), I have not separated children and adults. Neither do I find an appreciable difference between the indices of males and females, and consider it therefore justifiable to lump all the observations c this point. If, in Table 9, the measurements of Oregonian Tinneh, north of Rogue River, are tabulated separately [for what reason this separation is made, will appear later], the following result is obtained, whii^h shows how nearly the maxima of frequency of occurrence of values of the cephalic index coincide among boys, girls, adult males and adult females : — Cepliolic Index 75 7G . 77 7S 70 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 no Averngo Bovs (iiils Ailnlt iniilftH . Aihilt t'c'uuilus. 1 ■ — "~ I 2 2 1 2 2 T 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 877 83-9 83-8 83-8 The following tables give the number of occurrences of certain values of stature and various indices among the different tribes. I have refrained from reducing the figures in such a way that they would indicate how many individuals among a thousand would have a cei-taiu stature or a certain index. Although apparently by such a procedure the figures become more easily comparable, there is no justification for such a reduction, as the frequency of occurrence of certain values is not proportional to the number of observations. With an increasing number X »*■■*»*> 'T,:--r*p"Tn(*ir'»w ablpR, I Index,' leight, sases to iticism, ly. In 1 seven- aed the leasuve- )ondiug series, :imately [inot be appears Tin very al index here arc of these relative decrease ' height, icreasing luded all ra these li a sense of adults two ; for ations of und Bau children ween the to lump ments of iitely [for following juency of )y8, girls, )0 ! Averngo 87-7 83-'.) 83-8 ivin values I have ey would a certain irocedure [cation for ues is not lig number *; Number 1 2 3 4 / c^ ?.. /-N 1 o , CS '^ t~ CO !2 .^ a 6 Name < f^^i^ S "= ^^ y.y^ c 'ti 9 ^ ,- **< r-H --<-> C3 O J 5 £ = Oi D 5 f a — c O o J.: o k. %. '■" Ul 1 ^ m 1 1 5^ >. 'n >, a S •J o a Tribe < 2 o o 8 3 O WW o o o 1 o o ^ % o 1 1^ ^ '^^ 6 Age 3 5 5 mm. mm. mm. mm. Height, standing .... 8.12 1.051 1.0I>7 1,024 Height of shoulder .... 6:{8 810 8S0 •<3l Height of point of second finger 293 347 382 331 Length of a'-m 345 4()3 4V8 5(tO Finger-reach 831 1,053 1,111 1,)2.'-. I Height, sitting 503 589 5(6 153 Width of shoulders .... 190 20G 272 , io,- 4 174 Length of head .... 1G5 185 1 17tJ Breadth of head .... 13-1 131> 143 151 Distance from ioot of nose to chin . 83 loo 90 lOi) Distance from root of nose to be- 50 65 61 62 tween lips. Widtli of face 108 123 121 123 1 Height of nose 37 41-5 42 3-.1 r Width of nose 28 32 30 2S -' Weight in pounds .... — 46 Indices : Height of shoulder .... ICrl 77-1 802 ••5 , b: Indox of length of arm . 41-5 44-1 45-4 1-8 ' }( Index of finger-reach 99-9 1002 101-3 »1 1( )! Index of height, sitting . (;()'5 5(;-o 1 54-3 ! •0 i >1 Index of width of shoulders . 22-8 19-« 24 8 : »-0 1 9 Cephalic index 8r2 75' 1 j 81-2 ' ;-s ■ 71 Index of upper part o'' face 4«30 52'85 i 49 10 '■41 62 Facial index 7(r8.> 81-30 72 58 : •30 1 83 Nasal index 75-U8 7710 71-43 ;06 62 \V\ .1. iiiiti 2 h.ti(' ^ J 1:1 • * 56df 1 36 ll 1 83 li i 68(;i *4 104-9 ,1( ;-6 53-9 )-8 , 44-5 f ii nmss. Number Name o o »1 Tribe . Age Height, standing Height of shoulder Height of point of s^ Length of a'-m . Finger-reach . Height, sitting . Width of shoulders econd finger Length of head Breadtli of head Distance from root of nose to chin Distance from root of nose to be tween lips. Width of face .... Height of nose .... Width of nose .... Weight in pounds . Indices : Height of shoulder . Index of length of arm . Index of finger-reach Index of h^-ight, sitting . Index of width of shoulders Cephalic index . Index of upper part of face Facial index Nasal index = o a V o o ^ 3 o o M o )-3 mm. 832 638 i!l>3 345 831 503 190 165 134 83 50 108 37 28 c d o o o WW mm. mm. 1,051 1.0!»7 810 8«0 347 382 463 4(18 1,053 1,111 589 516 206 272 76-7 'tis 99-9 6()-5 22-8 81-2 46-30 76-8i 75-68 185 139 100 65 123 41-5 32 77-1 441 100-2 56-0 19-6 75- 1 52-85 81-30 77-10 176 143 90 61 121 42 30 to 13 o fi a , o o o 10 mm. 1,143 910 383 527 1,142 604 216 173 136 100-5 68 119 48 31 79-6 46-0 99-9 52-9 18-9 78-6 57-14 84-03 64-58 10 o a a O O C rt V .:] o o is o 13 mm. 1,400 1,160 510 650 1,475 747 304 189 144 115 67 132 50 36-5 11 a a o O n a o o kl 5! o 13 mm. 1.522 1,301 652 649 1,541 791 215 185 146 101 72 129 43-5 35 82-9 46-4 105-4 : 53-4 I 21-2 76-2 50-75 ! 87-12 i 7300 I 85-5 426 101-3 52-0 161 78-9 56-81 78-29 80-46 12 a ! 13 M j e-. V 12 s ^ o i 1 1 1 13 mm. 1,406 1,155 536 619 1,442 695 252 185 140 98 68 123 52 355 S ' o I 1> I ■^ I o o i-i o c o o <0 6: o 15 mm. 1,668 1,427 652 775 1,7(»7 883 338 189 163 105 75 137 59 34-5 82-2 44-0 02-6 4i»-4 17-9 75-7 55-28 7'.!-(;7 67-11 85-5 46-4 102-3 52-9 20-3 86-2 54-74 76-64 58-47 a o o u !S O 15 mm. 1 .5.-)8 1,307 610 6!»7 1,573 251 187 146-5 114 74 132 54 38 83- 44 101' 16- 78- 56- 86- 70- 9 6 1 3 06 36 37 nn. 1.^ 1,; ( 8( 4.- 101 b?, 18 8f, 53 81 73 , ;'^:|5 i( Ir t 30 ha ♦I sii be T) ot te In m m It a( cl efl i\\ *f c! le 1'" si Cl SI U •-9 e o 10 o e cS 11 a :3 12 ?? « i ! 13 14 K a 1* • rli a 5 ^ •-s o 1 1 1 2 1 S S* o c :4 6 is c >-• >^ 3 u o ^ ■4-* o o § tii ^ »-c u u 9) (£ ^ o O Hi J) J) » i 4^ m >. tena U-l O 8 >•. Ul c o u 0) o if o c \A 1-3 u 0) ^ o hJ a is o 1-9 a O o o B { Q o o o o o o 1 ex,' :ht, \ to 3in. Ill eii- tliu iri'- ies, ,ely bo ars U>x aro eso ivo aso ht, all eso ISO Its for of •aa 'en blie nip I of for ill J? ro? rls, ra^'o 7-7 3-i) 3-8 3-8 3avo ould :^aiii dure a for 3 not mbcr 'mmew' TIP" 8, T ex/ :ht, ( tu in. In eu- tlio irc- ies, ely bo ars evy lex aio eso ivo aso ht, all esc 18C Us for of •ail 'en the Dip tof for i^^g ro( rls, •SK'o 7-7 8-8 ilucs -lavo ould .'tain dare 1 for 3 not tnbcr Nunibd Niiiiu Tribe A''(' Stature Fiir^ejyri V, Wi.ltKW llright»4|H liCllgthttf ! Width'l ; Htijjfhtdf ' DL^tii^iP.i I sutar* 'Distill ! s« ■ Widtl Alaxii Cepha Index I ^Faciall ; Index] Nasal j Index! ' Finge ; Heigl IjPiigt 17 h us ,)-!•!• Ill n:i'.» 44- ■••'•» r a Biljula NunibiT . Name Trilu- Asre Staturo ..... Kill zcr-rciicli .... Hi'iglit of .seventh vertcbru Height of acromion . lleiy^lit of jxiint of second finger Width between acroniia . Heiglit, sitting .... liength of arm .... Length oj head Width of liead .... Height of ear .... Width of face ..... Distance from chin to naso-frontal suture Distance from nioutl\ to naso-frontal suture Height of nose .... Widtli of base of nose IMaximum widtli of nose . Ceplialic index. Index of heiglit of ear Facial index .... Index of upper part of face Nasal index .... Index of base of nose ' Finger-reach, in per cent. Height, .sitting, „ i LengMi of arm, ,, O .- S "cS Ci X ■S J:4 c4 'A i-H 3 is S S a 'A X _< M o a B c* a X ■ Iz; mm. 1,171 1,1 7« mm. l.o4i> 1,(;38 1,310 mm. l,62.S 1,701 1,.'?1>2 mm. i,r,oi 1,700 1.354 mm. 1,713 1,803 1,450 iL'l 2(;il 651 1 512 i I 168-5 j 148 128 126 !)() 61 39 25 55it .•!5(> 81!> 700 184 160 140 117 117 74 31 37 1 H7-9 5)02 1 7()-0 76-1 76-2 79-6 48-4 .00-4 79-5 69-8 i — 50-9 100-6 105-7 > 55-6 52-9 ' 43-7 45-2 i 1 .-.97 571 (>20 370 381 393 870 876 889 730 727 783 180-5 196 196 160 158 154 141 144 142 147-5 157 146 125 127 125 75 80 76 51-5 55 52 27 32 28 35 41 40 85-8 80-6 78-6 75-6 73-5 72-4 84-7 80-9 85-6 .50-9 510 52-1 68-0 74-5 76-9 52-4 58-2 53-8 104-5 106-2 105-3 53-4 54-7 51-9 44-8 45-4 45-7 rt rs J£ Pd .M ■J> 'A '3 H ^^ a H cr a Jz; 14-15 16-17, 18 17-18 18 mm. 1,(!15 1.727 1,378 9:!:; l,2.-,9 1,327 1,298 1.403 1,311 a.-)9 356 8(!0 755 185-5 149-5 129 14(i 130 82 54 28 38 80-») 69-5 89 560 70-4 51-8 106-9 53-3 46-8 s 'A 18 nnn. 1,689 1,787 1,130 1,381 591 378 90S 787 I. Mak8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 n; M "cS S c -M a •- a (y cr s a 3 ■'■' 86-(i 76-3 79-4 53-7 70-2 561 108-1 539 48 3 I 45-3 87-0 68-8 7K-2 48-7 70-6 56-9 105-3 56-4 44-5 81-9 77-7 H5-6 54-2 64-9 52-8 10.3-8 55-6 45-0 82-2 67-4 910 53-5 63-() 50-9 109-6 52-0 45-9 Sill sns r.-n (isii 85-i' 79-2 80-8 51-9 65 58-(; 105-9 53-6 ■15 (I ||l',l-0 4011 n ■A a n 3 'A iiidIi. l.lill 1,712 !,:i90 l.:!4o 5ij7 :!19 m 'y 189 I.V45 147 1.-.16 m ;|1 ' He ^m Biliul a 14 15 ii; L -1-3 a - c a = kS CQ 't" ^ ^ fu ^ 'j +j ce — s O^ 1" 22 1 3 X 25 2!t-;!I ram. 1,«):'8 l,7!t(i l,3Mi» 1,32C 574 387 851 752 1!)3 158-5 130 145 132 mm mil. 1,720 i.c.o:! 1,8211 .717 — 1 ,;i84 1,4] 11 ,•-'!).) (!3( r,i:! 40(1 381 924 ht;; "■>) i Ii) I.J J 19'.' IS!) 16;-) l.i'J 1 r,2 Hill 151 111 12( III 77- 55 S." .■| 28 34 :.| 35 85-!' ', 't 82-2 Nil 1 67-4 79-2 (ISS 910 80-8 SOS 53-5 51-9 :,\\ f)3(! (i5';"; (iStl 50-9 58-(i ()l|-8 1(»9() l()5!i lii'.iii 52() 53 (1 :>\:, 45-9 •15 (1 K il Sulijfct oawwl by 1{. Virchow 18 145 47 ITiUo 1^3 il i7 II 12 •7 •8 '8 S ■7 •4 UK -2 4. -3 Si h; :> 7 .Jl 3 :J B ^ ~j P* '3 >. 3 ui » .3 j;^ 'd c« n ■ ;k 30 iiiri 1. mill. !,i!4l J. 022 1,712 1,;5() !,:i90 — l.:;^o 1,322 , 5JJ7 576 SW 379 11^7 87f{ i T 74« i 19 I O a H tn 3 20 73 21 c Ed 22 23 24 1 'M :S c3 U^ cr 3 3 X >'. 36 35-40 i 44 a 3 to X 45 X o s 3 189 1191-5 1(10 140 l5()-5 130 .s;t t;o ;!2 4(1 83-5 7(5-2 "" 1 1 (ifi-7 53-3 l(>7-it T)! 40 iiiin. 1 ,{JS5 1,781 1,374 1)19 384 898 755 193 1 (55 134 157 129 s,-. .-, r.i) 3., 42 78-5 1 18 -7 87-4 54-0 71-2 59-3 l(l7-(i .-)3-l 4(i-5 195 l.-)7 137 i:.7 1 39 ()( 3.") 3;-! 8.-)'5 70-3 88-5 58-t; 59- 1 54-7 1 ()■)■( I 52-(; 45-0 1,314 (IKi 325 8 ;4 (i'KS 1st I 157-:. 1:',:! i.-,o SI :il 31; S7-.-. 7:i'.i s(i-7 .'•)4-(i tlu' 1 .53-4 KIS-,-) 5:i(» 43-.-) (102 130 923 7(57 18S 1(58 120 1 ,->9 12(5 (50 38 89 3 (53-8 79-2 49-7 (533 (540 390 916 799 195 l.V.t 130 !.-.4 128 8(5 55 42 81-5 (5(5-7 83- 1 55-8 7(5-3 1(17(5 107-4 5.-)-5 52(5 < / • 128 (11(1 1 1 1.1 50 Mini. 1,587 1,(579 1,(570 1,(501; 1,(5(52 1.743 1,542 1,756 1,807 ' 1,753 l,7i;! 1,7.89 1,872 1,(518 — 1.378 — _ — 1.3(59 1,439 1,2.55 4(5- 45-8 78 53 38 89-7 (59- 1 77-8 524 73-7' 104-9 53-9 44-6 ' Hi'ild deformed. x > 5, 19 mm. 30 31 32 ' 33 ^ i «3 c4 A tn 43 B ; a J3 3 s M 35 CS 'CS M c >^ •2J ^ ^ 1^5 K ee M M C3 e^ On. a c< a< 3 1 3 1 1 'A .32? 26? 25? \ 12 31 II. Females .•!5 3(5 37 Xl , 3. e« •-• ^ C3 1 ."* , :4 ' o cr 38 CD ■3 St 39 •a cr •x> mm. y. s y< n 19-20 22 2.S-3() mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. iim. mil l.li(k, 28 1,70.3 ; 1,593 ; 1,(587 i 1,717 , 1,333 1,552 1.581 ' 1,588 1,525 1,(514 1,549 l,7j^758 1,832 il,730 1,745 1,861 1,333 1,(522 1, 7( I8 ] 1,(56(5 1,(512 1,71; 115 1 I49 ' 390 1,288 603 .568 376 411 899 834 787 7.30 183 179 161 157 — i — 1,105 1.39 4 1,389 1,041 I, --■ I 1,349 1,2; 1,308 { (531 I B77 395 857 76.3 181 156 148 130 ' 130 ! 123 ! Ill '23 152 121 151 1.5(5 430 926 812 194 165 1.32 164 484 286 743 359 S2S 530 359 87(5 740 134 i 130 139 82 80 56 53 3(5 39 ' — -_ .. ^ ._ 82 88-0 1 71-0 3 79(5 9 52-6 ' 2 73-5 ; — i 7 1 107-6 \ 4 54-0 1 3 46-2 41 87-7 (58-7 88-7 52-3 71-9 108-6 52-4 45-8 1 : 5 8(5 61 83 52 2 3 3 ; (5 84 64 48 177' 180-5' 178' 146' 1.55-51 157' 133' 135' 138' 12(5 147 149 122 118 123 .597 .321 711 182' 151 ' 131 ' 144 I -'5 80 1,214/ 1,260;- 82(5 685 1,39 1.31 88, 3 1,607 ' 3 — _ ( 1 .260r 1,238^1 8 562/ 1 t 3(6 i 3 834 9 (576 _ 11 74' 177-5' 53' 1 53 ' iO' 133' ■>(i 138-5 19 124 78 77 l(59l 157' 127' 146 121 82 34 31 36 85-0 ' 82-5' .8(1-1 .50 53 29 28 33 36 ' 88-2' 83-0' 57 ;to 39 93- 33 321 8(1 680 84-7 -1 '18' 72-0' 71- 1-9' 51-2 (51-1 9-3 75-0 65-4 7' 1(5 - ' _ ,! 500 (5(1-8 96-8 8(1-3 82(5 8(58 il-7 49() 55-(S (;(5-0 58(1 52-8 76-3 89-5 50-0 55-6 (57-9 6S-4 (30 ■.2S i)(5-; 4 1 103-4 108-4 10l)-0 101-5 108-1 104-9 l05-(5 10(52 103 .50-8 53-!» 45-2 1 47 4 53-1 -4 53-8 i4 1 .4-7 .^3- 41-8 4(5-8 44-8 44-9 45-8 !; I i :.' ) Xmiilic is 2U 21 :{2 :{;{ :!4 :{5 I N;iii;c ■£ I •r. IT. re To Tribe — .., N — i-H •M ='<^ -• -• 'A _. S^. y. 1 o . V ^ ^ c t.*/; ^ c ■m^ r/i 73 o « »—• —^ o Um 3 il w o '3 r'. ■^ -^tf 2 o ^a in Q) S C« Q ►-3 1^ _ — < as ■J. en 7i =^-i re Tc 3 ? ^ d ^ ~n o O 1 ^ ^^ B C3 ■/- 5 Afio mm i,«2.->) St;itui-() Finder- Height — Hoifflitf Ileioflitl Wicilh I - Hoi.L'lit; _ Wid'tli llrifrht Width Di^tani sill Distil ii(} sui lloight; Widlli I Maziml ls.| 1(58 157 80 r,H .•i7 14 "1 !•]■;} -- I Cpphalj Indox (j 7i).(j Fiici.'il I 51.0 Illd( X .j jr,.Q NHSid i| GK-H Indpx __ 1 — lUffolM 7(0 (!4S I7!t l(iO-5 12!t 141") 104 67 41) :u; i 4:{ i 87-2 721 i I' llfiKlit Lcii-th 7:5-) : 47-4 S7-7 7 8s;} 1,498 8(50 ! 1,159 (;82 511 :i05 :{2i 201 , 4; to ;J77 ]()2 145 127 n:! 87 57 2:j 28 8!»'5 744 s4'S ■ 70-9 974 1 5(;-0 I 10 mm. 1.082 1,1 5t) 892 857 :')(;5 245 591 492 k;.-} 151 J 27 11 72 50 bfc rt Ui M -4-1 1 60 GO 1 — 1 J2;{ 1H !U 11 58 7 40 5 2:{ 2 29 :j 92-(! 84' 77-9 65 74 80 47-2 51 72-5 66 57 '5 52 n(V9 98 54-6 57 45-5 42 Nniiilicr Nil II Tribe oS ; V. 1^ o S'H / s ^ o o ». -^ 1 ".- ^ -*— ^■* •ti f. r— ( M '^3 0) ^ 1^ » C3 •n 'J, C3 CO •- 1'"^ a J2 X to 12 14 15 24 Stature . . . Finder- read 1 .... I Ilei J. T. en -; ® s C3 cS ' -"^1 to bt) 6C tc , . « ? 7 o O o i ,1:'^ c ^ f— i iCi a ' 1 ■^ c U< ^ 1 ^ 10 1 mm. i mm. 1 1.571 1 — 1,022 1,092 1,298 — \ 584 — : 308 , 318 \ 838 . 714 177 186 109 172 155 159 156 115 116 72 72 51 50 40 34 47 43 \ 90-9 97-0 S3-3 — 72-3 74-4 45-3 46-2 92-1 80-0 78-4 08-0 103-2 __„ 53-3 — 45-4 — mm (1,02.5) mm. 1,419 1,498 ._ 1,1.59 511 321 , 77() ' — 048 ; 1S4 168 157 125 179 ! 100-5 129 141-5 104 80 67 5S 49 1 am. mm. 8S3 1,082 860 1,150 — 892 ; ()82 8il7 i 305 365 ': 201 245 495 591 377 492 ( 11 mm. l,3,si 1 ,359 1,171 1,127 545 311 787 582 14 10 mm. mm. 1.438 1,508 1,540 1,514 - I - 37 14 36 43 . „. — 91-3 87-2 -_ 72-J 79-0 73-5 51-0 47-4 75-9 87-7 03-8 73-5 105-5 54-7 45-7 162 145 127 113 87 57 33 23 28 89-5 74-4 8v8 70-9 97-4 56-0 42-7 163 151 127 123 91 58 40 23 29 92-6 77-9 74-0 47-2 72-5 57 5 106-9 54-6 45-5 ISO 152 118 139 112 51 27 34 84-4 65-7 80-6 51-8 66-7 52-9 98-4 57-0 42-2 1,171 524 321 756 047 178 147 128 132-5 102 02 40 28 32 82-6 71-9 77-0 46-8 80-0 70-0 137 101 ; 01 I 41-5 I 32 I 3() j 86-8 ' 73-7 44-5 80-8 77-1 II. Femtiles 25 -JC, 27 28 .=5 o o o 21) 56'? 50 310 35 803 82 • 08 174 17 151 16 — 12 140 111 73 50 27 34 93-2 09-3 76-0 50-0 68-0 54-0 1 70-5 158 128 1 30-5 119 58 24 31 92-6 75-1 .S7-2 57-1 53-4 41-4 29 30 31 1 ! . CJ 0) s CS rr ;j tc ^ y. 7^, ("^ o 3 211 mm. mil]. mill. 1,517 1 ,5;!!i 1.5i;{ l,(i06 1,590 i,(;(i9 1,251 1,279 1.257 509 592 552 352 310 352 828 817 8(19 082 (iS7 7(15 177 l.')2 131 13!> 113 IS 26 35 85 71 SI 54 107-5 52-6 45-0 100-4 53-3 105-8 54-0 44-9 1033 53-1 44-0 1(11-3 52-4 45-7 o .a c tc « ■ is C3 03 J5 20 mm. 1,540 1,050 1,200 5()5 340 787 701 183 150 125 1 35 108-5 . 67 44 27 34 82-0 08-3 80-4 49-6 77-3 01-4 107-1 50-9 45-3 o '3 to o o 21 CS "to O O 30 mm. I mm. l.oSl 1,079 1,282 509 308 851 713 cc 30.' mm. CO 46 1,4!I2 1,527 1,225 508 343 808 657 175 178 157 151 118 130 145 141 110 115 08 70 45 54 29 34 ; 30 39 89-7 84-8 070 73-0 75-9 Sl-0 4()-9 53-9 80-0 72-2 04-4 63-0 100-2 102-3 53-8 .>4-2 45-1 44-0 167 i8(; 151 153 — 122 138 144 99 107 04 42 32 35 32 c WW w\ 35 s c to to _cS Tt r. 50 W 6(» 60 mm. 1,433 1,474 1,108 528 343 759 640 mm. mm. mm. mm. — i.-i;;i 1.327 1 ,42S 1,544 1,527 l,40(i 1 ,543 — 1,175 1,079 1,170 52 1 457 498 — — 308 318 — 792 724 736 — (i5l 022 072 178 175 171 176 Kil 158 144 148 144 143 125 1 39 112 139 139 114 109 95 112 1,''0I 1,545) :{s :i!) /; •_'(i iniit. :'.(> 11 nil. i,(iii i,5(>.s 1, (;:{.! i,(ii2 I 1,;514 — i ~ < i,:\H 1,20:$ 1,057 1, 11215) 1,2(;0 1,205 ' l,2Ki> 1,257 I 502 5(t2 4:574 55!) 555 (51 (> 545 j :i78 21)4 ;$:{4:{ ;;i:} 3(12 :i(;8 jug I 8G7 702 7iS70 8(17 7i»2 !I21 841 i (>00 178 155 i:!2 14:{ 110 75 712 187 150 i;u) 142 108 G9 I 1 4!> 1 45 2(' ;J3 ;io :58 87- 1 HO-2 74-2 ();)-5 8M 7(51 524 480 7:]-'; 84-4 5:m 7:5-3 1020 1041 57-5 54-2 411 45 9 1 It IS 'J' Niiui Niiinc bo c a rt it B ifi « rt b< •^ O .a t) ^ ^ C 1 « -" /-< -~i c a o a> -; ft bo 1-5 .2 a 02 C o I I. Males 10 i II o ■;3 12 G. Co«s/ of WitshiiKjt \.\ 14 1.") harlie eslej -§ a w 0) « *^ ^ , u a a x, ewis bD o ^ .22 i-f o t— 5 IS 72 io o Tril)e Ago StaViivi' .... Finiii r-rcach . lU'iglit of sevcntli verlelna Height nl" acroiiiion . Hoiglit of point of second fmti'c Width between acnmiia . lleitilit, sitting. Lengtli of arm . licngth of liead AVidth of head . Height of ear . Width of face . Dislnnc.e from chin to iiaHO-fr suture Distance from mo\ith to naso-fr suture Height of nose . Width of base of nose llaximum width of nose . rcphalio index . Index of height of ear l'"acial index Index of upper ))art of face Nasal index Index of base of nose Finger-ieaeh. in ]ier cent, lleiglii, sitting „ „ I.engtii of arm „ ,, mtal ontnl mm. l,L".ls 1 ,298 1,098 1 ,022 4:i2 2(;() 714 r>'.)0 178 lir, 154 1 :;2 107 7(; ■y. 11 mill. 1,409 1,4(12 1,19(1 48() :u() 781 (-.28 17.') 1 12 lo:! 129 li9 (18 a, Cu mm. i,:uo i,:{98 1,124 mm. i..i84 1,428 1,171 1,114 1,0.-)1 1,1(»1 4(i 44 :!() 2() •A-.i :^2 SIT) 8M 8(;-.-) 7()'0 8M 92-2 r.:!'2 r,2-7 T 1 .— 7')-7 Ill 05-2 r.9i ](K)-0 r^-y 1 45-4 4.-.0 HOO 72.-) (;oi Kit) 117 i:5i 12.-) ii;} 71 54 24 ;i2 88'r) 78'9 90-4 iV.i:! 44-4 i(»4:{ of) 4 .-.4 1 44'(i 449 103 47() 313 7.-)4 (•.25 170 151 127 129 110 12 mm. 1,419 1 ,454 1,201 12 mm. 1,4(h; 1,480 1,194 1,143 1,151 521 489 ' 311 314 74(i 736 022 0(12 183 150 140 139 113 179 154 i;!3 13(i 114 \4 i: -CM 13- 14 14 14 I 11.!. mm. mm. mm. imii. l.C.ll 1,44 7 1,5:10 1,539 I 1,457 1 732 1,508 1,(103 1,582 1 1,479 i;378 1,235 1,300 1,301 | 1,225 1,235 : 1,171 559 i r)27 335 i 324 813 I 794 076 044 1,295 1,105 1.232 521 517 549 381 328 322 895 787 825 774 048 1 85 083 179 190 1 53-5 1 55 145 1 55 143 128 06 71 76 40 47 47 27 .33 27 34 35 34 85 '8 722 85-2 51-2 85 (» ()7'5 103-2 54-5 45- 1 85-2 79-8 81-3 511 74 5 70-2 102-5 52-5 43-8 80-0 74-3 83-8 55-9 72-3 57-4 105-7 .52 3 47-0 140 123 55 30 36 80-8 81-0 81 9 56-4 05-5 ra-r. 140 108 70 42 27 3,3 83-8 77-3 771 500 78-0 04-3 K 135 118 51 26 35 81-0 71-5 87-4 55-6 OSC) 51-0 183 155 141 143 115 52 29 37 84-7 77-0 80-4 51-0 71-2 55'8 ISO 151 133 137 119 105-5 54-0 47-2 ; 104-2 104-8 54 I 53-9 44-8 +4 80 32 3S 83-9 73-9 80-9 58-4 700 OtO s y^ 10 mm. 1.519 1 ,534 1,203 1,190 514 I 332 I 789 ' 082 mm 1,009 1,057 1,392 189 153 107 ^ c^ C/i « F« at •^ ^ I, ffi ~4* '/^ 10 mm. 1,089 18 7 1,7 1,287 '■ 5(i5 35() i 892 ! 722 177 150 120 137 , 1 39 110 115 1 72 75 48 48 30 22 39 33 i 81-0 84-7 88-4 84-7 52-0 81-3 02-5 07-8 82-7 54-0 08-7 45-8 102-8 101- 52-8 54 43 9 44- 101-0 1030 52-0 55-4 44-8 44-8 1,435 1,308 000 350 889 I 70S I ! 181 i 153 ! 145 130-5 119 70 52 31 37 84-5 80-1 87 5 55'.» 71-2 59-0 105-3 .52-7 i 45-5 371 914 741 'A 19 82-1 73-9 84-7 52 •! 05-4 48-1 100-6 54-2 43-9 :',78 905 729 400 879 720 mm. 1 ,0S5 1,095 1,441 mm. 1,7 34 1,493 mm. 1,025 1,743 1,400 l,:'.49 1,411 1,304 008 082 584 184 187 186 151 100 150 ' 130 138 138 ' 110 153 144 ; ; 120 129 134 73 83 80 1 1 52 00 5(i i -^' 31 30 I 1 34 41 36 88-8 73-8 S4-3 54-2 08-3 50-2 420 83-9 74 2 93-1 59-7 64-3 53-0 mm. ; ,081) 1,784 1,473 1,370 630 397 905 740 180 100 135 159 120 78 50 35 4:1 89 2 72-(i 73-9 49- i 800 70-0 107-3 105ii 54-1 5:'.(i 44-3 442 ' Head deforuiel G. Cuast of WashiiKjIoii. II. Femiiles e c poleo 1 C3 ^ s .9 a o .2 ! IS :n o 01 20 21 o "o 22 23 21 25 s in V a a a I O rt 5 a ft 3 u 1 * 4> ■ ^H ft rt £ ^ >, >', 40 n. mm. mm. Mini. iiiiii. nun. mm. <-> I,7;!4 1,(;25 i ,(iS!l 1, III 10 1,571 1,000 \)o . 1,743 1 ,784 l,tl7N 1,038 1,702 n 1,4115 1,400 1,473 l,:i83 — 1,425 19 1,411 1,304 1,37(; i.:;i4 1,282 1 l,378r 1,305Z 1 ) 08 r)82 584 030 ;-;87 0O3 629 71 :!78 40(i 397 :i87 379 400 14 il05 879 905 898 895 914 41 72'J 720 741) 727 079 73(J S4 1S7 186 180 177' 1 85 ' 183'' 51 l(i(! lo() 1(>(i 173' 171 ' 171 ' 3ti 138 138 135 140' 1 30 ' 130' 10 ir.3 144 159 157 1 49 159 20 12!) 134 120 132 123 127 00 mm. 1 ,5(i2 1,031 1,2(!3 5G2 378 867;| 701 10 mm. ],:!40 1,308 1,U0 1,057 502 294 702 555 ft ft 3 s C3 rt >-. <■» ft p— 1 11 11 mm. mm. 1,390 1,410 ],4(iH 1,409 l,l(i5 1,209 1,133 ; 1,120 48K 511 314 2!t4 7()H ■ 784 ti45 ; (i09 20 O .2 'a ce ft s 32 I 33 a —^ ~ .9 f .- .« ■< .3 3( o s M 30 it "^ V a a o 3 38 o •c 3!» 3 >M 1 rt c U5 ■^ > Ui — H w 3-° ft -* r*«*« n a U 12 12 12 12-13 14 14 10 , IS 1!» 20 20 418 2S0 076 536 52 25 34 21 i\) 1-7 21 5-4 8-1 l)-0 4-2 3'9 1 49 159 123 127 70 84 52 00 32 35 39 92-4 ' 43 93-5'' 73-5 ' 710' S20 79 9 ' 510 52-8 • 75() 71-3 4 9 1041 )01 ' 60 9 54 43- 1 106-1 .-.51 43-7 540 291 784 071 180 151 130 134 105 08 47 28 35 83-9 722 78-4 50-7 74-5 59-0 1030 1028 54'5 52'(t 43 3 45 594 31s MO 014 175 151 i:;o 13.-. 114 5;!8 290 7S7 643 182 148 133 135 108 70 40 20 35 81-3 731 I 80-0 844 51-8 i 53 1! 701 094 50-5 : 53- 1 i - - |- ^- 1009 ' 100 7 54-4 53',l 44-4 42-5 505 295 787 654 177 142 139 130 107 72 68 1 4D 51 i 20 24 ; 34 33 i 86-3 80 2 574 340 S32 050 172 156 127 132 114 75 51 28 38 540, 322 7'.t5 032 178 153 138 132 109 70 51 26 31 505 332 752 020 105' 150' 132 ' 133 109 0i> 25 31 .308 77S 601 172 145 124 131-5 105 07 47 20 32 :;i3 S70 015 178 157 1 ;!0 147 111 48 2!> 35 5.V.» 555 343 302 807 7!I2 701 ; 650 I 191 150 132 140 112 49 27 33 108' 141 ' 153 114 48 29 34 on; :tos 921 000 I s 1 55 I. '.2 143 III'. 4!. 20 30 90-7 ' 860 94-5' 84-3 I 882 74-3 ! 78-5 82-3 52-4 04-7 47-1 99-8 53-2 44 2 73-8 80-4 56-9 74-5 54-9 102-3 54-4 42-6 820 53-2 00'8 510 104-4 54-1 42-9 800 ' 81-9 51-9 102-1 53-2 43-9 72 1 79-8 51-0 68-1 55-3 104-6 55 2 42-6 73-0 7 55 50-3 72'.i f'.i)'4 102-2 577 42-6 091 8O-0I 71-2 SO-0 51-4 07:i 55-1 104-4 56-1 45-3 74-5 47-1 708 (!0-4 105 5 53-3 471 A 30 mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ' mm. iiini. mm. iiim. mm. mm. mm. l,23s 1,4,S9 1.447 1,511 1,479 1,527 l,40S 1,112 1,409:1,517 l,5li I, ISO l,(i()| |„-,49 l,27r. I,5;iO 1,400 1,.-.2I 1,476 1,.502 1,533 1,441 1,473 1,5.52 l,(;i I l,50s 1,0:!3 1,012 l,0:i5 1,203 1.2;!2 1,291 1,254 - . — ! 1,199 — , — 1,311 — 1,314 9S4 1,217 l,ls] 1,23s 1,219 1,224 1,178 1,125 1,133 1,219 1,200 1,205 1,2^2 1,257 545 340 S41 712 IS7 150 130 142 108 09 45 33 38 r8-5 ' 96-0' 87- 1 80-2 Sl-I 52 l 73-.-. 53- 1 1020 57-5 411 09-5 70- 1 48-0 84-4 73-3 1041 5t-2 159 ' Head defonnL' ] ■~"^*yi. tt wvayi'^eeit^ J 'Ml' I 3 5 n. 71 )3 to J2 re 79 i(\ il 52 28 (3 14 J2 -US •3 •4 •7 •3 •0 H- lUl 1,6 l,« 1,3 1,3 () 2: G n~ i' 1 1 r: 9C 7t 8f 54- II. Females 47 48 I 49 I o 12 mm. 1,486 1,511 1,277 1,197 545 307 781 652 174 136 118 136 103 46 78-2 67 -9 75-7 51 _ B B 50 "a 61 17 mm. 1,541 1,584 1,336 1,241 552 349 689 17 I mm. ! 1,503 1,503 i 1,279 M 3 .PM .4-) 02 3 .a o y n f Mcniid l\ngc Wiiltli bi'lwi't'U iUTiiiiii:i . Hfi^'ht, sitting . Length of arm . LetiL'tli of lieail Wi.ltli of l,t.'inc(' fioiii t'liin lo ti;iM»-f >utiirf distance fmin inuulli lo na.so-fn Mitiiri' H<-i^lit of noM' . Wirllll of llMM- of nusi- Cephalic iiiilcx . Iiiflt'X of hciplit of ear I'auial in'le.\ liich'X of uinier part of faie Index of ba.-e of nose l''iiiL.'<'i--ri;ai li, in pur cent. Ilei-lii, siliin;; „ ,, Lenntli of iilrii Mlniinuni width of forehead Distance between gonia . intal 'ntal i & a V 1 S S I I § J3 ■§ 1 .5 73 I mm. I.OIH l.n-.".i &:» a;r> [ Till 5'.I2 4u:< nnn. mm. .o|;t 1,211 !tHI 1 .-JI'L' »,J1 l.i«i;l 822 lun ;.7K 41 « 28;t 111.-. Oon Ill (541 mm. l.:i:iii l.:;ii:i I. Ill 0) « 10 M 10 10 mm. I mm. l,2i!0 l,:il4 1,241 l,;illl 1,(154 1,1111 mm. 1,;t4« i,:tTi 1,127 lO-U mm. l.ir.i 1,117 1,2 1 ;i 11-12 10 1 J3 S 11-121 13 I,OGO , 1)! ii;ii iiiii 1711 14.-. l:i-. 14t; K17 i:i2 12,-. iL't 11.-, 121-,-. '.II '.11 •.!>* — i — I fi;i 45:1 281 708 G07 l.iH ll'.t 117 127 UI3 I 4ix 2I1H 07:1 04U 180 111! ii:i 122 105 1,003 407 ai'i 701 j 6118 '~m i"..-. 127 134 108 l,:ii;i 1,111 l,O0;i . 1,157 1,0112 475 2il« 725 687 470 540 — ;)03 ' 724 752 587 017 18:i is:! 144 i,-ii 110 127 125 i;ii 105 111 mm mm. l,;(;n 1,410 1,447 1,178 1,121 { , 41P8 , 318 I 702 I 626 38 — II 23 _ I 07 13 40 311 'Jl S5'S 432 71i'.i 85'.l SI I 7!< 1 73-5 so:; 7iil 78-'.i M-l — .-"l .-..vi 52-.) .-.il^ 115 1 10(11 511(1 -|(l 420 447 7(111 '.Kl-fi 1X1 s.', ■_' 7(l-'.> 71-3 70-5 (111 1 SO-I S(l-(1 83'8 84-7 -„ 5o<) _ 55(1 (I'.IS 5,S-8 Ool (l:i2 '.P8-7 1(12- lii-J-5 '.P8-7 .■.3-0 531 38-0 436 , — — 101-0 ,11120 ,-i;i-7 5:)(i 4;i-u 4:i5 101 08 184 I 1.-.2 ; 137 ! i:iu I 111 74 I 48 20 S2(i 74-5 82'2 51-5 51-2 ;(ii-5 f.l-0 43-7 170 1.52 124 130 10!l 71 47 35 8ct-4 70'5 80-1 522 74-5 102-2 53-8 44-2 187 150 131 110 0!) 3:i 80-2 84'0 1051 54- 1 44-3 101 105 1. MtlM 12 .3 I 13 I 14 a I j3 mm. 1.410 l,4S'J I, nil 1,113/ l,i:t(i,- ) 50S ■ 321 700 635 I 13 mm. ! 1,270 1 .2;t8 1,007 1,010 481 20'.i 087 S2U 14 -I.. 174 1.52 124 124 100 mm. l,.-,;;3 1,571 1,2',I2 1,210 .552 :!40 828 664 17B 157 110 124 IS 14-15 ■Bs 15 mm. mm. 1,423 1,028 1,170 1,071 I,1!I3 1,3811 1,161 i 1,280 68 — 40' 27, 87-4 71-3 83-5 54-8 58'a 1(75 51-1 41-7 68 2'.) 8!C7 88-« 800 528 287 708 633 17U 110 134 133 105 66 13 27 81'6 74-0 78!) 49-6 630 I 508 3 til 8<.I2 712 180 101 1411 141 123 77 16 I a I lU 17 18 lU s 9 10-17 mm. mm. 1,5!)0 1,031 l„-.87 ! 1,1175 1,340 I 1,4(KI i ID mm. 1.587 1,081 1,341) 21 mm. 1,0(11) 1,725 1,371 I OIH) 350 870 6U5 181 1.-.5 13:i 13U I'.'O o3 26 8i)'4 82-8 872 640 49'1 53 30 850 73-5 80-3 54 66-5 I 61!) 351 832 721 184 152 i:io i:t4 128 711 53 30 82-0 70-7 115-5 511-0 67-9 57!) 305 I 873 I 700 I 178 j 102 I 141 151 125 86 68 30 I 91-0 70-2 82'8 50-3 51-8 101 2 103-7 102-0 54-11 54-0 54 7 44-0 ; 44'5 43-7 104 104 !)!'-8 54-3 102 I 102 I 20 1,2115 I 1,340 I 1,279 1,270 , 102-7 105-9 ' 107-3 51-0 55-0 5.3-7 J I-:' I 44-1 1 46-9 a 'C » '£ '3 '<>■■ mm, 1,571 632 351 864 738 177 100 131 130 112 74 62 20 90-4 74-0 82'3 54-4 BOO 21 I mm. 1,012 22 23 24 1,7(13 i,o:n 1,3 Hi 1,335 1,272 1,311 6:10 022 370 :i04 87'J 870 730 689 187 152, 128 I 111) 111 72 50 28 j • ' 81-3 08- 1 79i } 50-:i 56-1) ' 108'4 50-(l I 46-.S — 110 08 181-5 101 i:i3 I 142 r.'5 [ 77 64 28 90'3 73-3 88-0 64-2 61-8 101-3 54 42-7 102 |o 23 mm. 1,022 i,o:i8 t,:i55 1,310 61" 371 1149 604 1115 102 110 153 121 70 61 30 8:1-1 I 71'8 79-1 49-7 i 58-8 lOl'O 58-5 i 42-8 23-24 mm. 1,097 1,77' 1,' 1, 509 379 933 814 26 190 l,-.0 135 142 i:t2 81 63 33 821 711 9:1-0 57-0 02-3 104-7 55-0 48-0 mm. 1.701 -81 '!8 617 394 943 767 194 100 146 142 137 82 66 29 82-5 74-7 110-5 57-7 51-8 26 26 27 2 .1 _. .2' S. 2 ■2 t >. j M ■: h i s ■ ? V u ^■, <-> •a a t :ti 26-27 28 31-32 mm. mm. mm. mr 1,605 1,085 1,044 — 1,019 1,737 1,704 — 1,340 1,4.18 i,:i8i - 1,264 1,300 i,:i:i3 ' 694 019 587 _ 366 368 375 — 879 022 892 _.- 660 741 746 — 100 190 193 19 100 161 155 l(j 119 1:19 145 - 161 151 141 ir 131 110 1:13 12 84 80 82 7 68 60 66 - 30 31 28 •J 87-4 84-7 627 73-2 80-8 70-8 56-6 630 61-8 66'3 104-7 55-4 44-6 103-5 50-2 422 103-1 54-7 44-0 — 102 j — 328 sagittal cir. ; 223 vert. circ. y. Orrtgonian Tinneh, •n ! a a i s is 3S 3 H . H *;« U24 25 im. ■.1)7 mm. 1 Tnl 26 2U 27 20-27 28 31-32 32 mm. ; mm. I, SB") i, l,t;ii> 1,737 l,34(i I,1H8 1,264 l,:i«(l B94 till) 350 ' 308 HTU 1)22 OOU 84 80 SO Bl mm. 1,044 1,7(14 1,381 28 20 33 mm. 1,047 1,703 1,416 82 1U3 106 70 73 S4-; 85'5 7'.l L' •!l J. 1035 50-2 422 102 1031 r.4- 440 Hr>-4 r.o-3 08-8 lOS'O 54-3 45'4 04 80 34 74 102'8 535 44 8 81 82 u 5 36 mm. 1,031 1,731 l.ilNl j 35 I mm. 1,II7!I 1,705 1,4 l(i h 83 34 40 mm. 1,533 l,0(ltl 1,303 1,343 1,355 1,238 1,400 i 1,108 1,'.'!I5 1,101) — I ' 187 180 184 15!) 100 I ■53 131 ' 124 I 133 148 i 143 1 138 123 I 124 I 123 76 76 73 40 SB 87 40 mm. I mm. mm. mm mm. l,ii!W ' 1,711 1,003 1,711 8H(1 1,747 1,712 1,078 1,810 , 873 1,400 ; — 1,381 1,480 40 50-00 88 037 362 !)27 713 J- 86 040 200 'j 186 150 ! 1,5<.I 140 i 130 140 I 152 129 ' 110 010 40!) \ !)14 I 703 168 602 11)0 ! 103 1.50 I 138 140 I; ~ 146 116 137 79 76 00 51 33 04 32 5!i H3-7 40 § a 84-7 6-6 870 41 42 3 -^-^ 7-8 8-0 33 924 1061 533 45-8 1051 105-0 55-2 55-1 44-2 1 44-5 102-9 54-0 43-8 750 7()-0 88-4 54-1 00-0 101-8 104-7 lOO-l fl8'6 63-9 54-5 53-4 1 60-7 1 657 44-5 44-7 I 46-3 — | 436 171 100 137-5 lis 112 140 119 124 06 08 50 03 37 43 26 23 801 W)-2 05-5 .SI -3 M(l() 71'7 490 5l)-8 070 53-5 9!l-2 100-8 07 07 — 44 143 102-6 50-7 54-8 42-3 44-2 !19-(I 57'4 430 4S 63 0-10 mm. mm. 1,171 1,335 I.INI 1,3N1 !I7K 1,114 933 1,0011 mm. 1,203 1,211 1,000 1,01(1 524 45 II. Komnleii 47 I 48 48 80 61 6!i 175 from iipliryoii. 195 from ophryon. 12 17 mm. 1,511 1,584 1,330 17 ^ M 1 H J3 -f •§ ^ s V s . SjS 8 'a ■y.?. en 9 ^ - o a .•H ■'H *S'. ^H 10 19 20-22 S3 S4 do r 1 1 3 9 s 1 3 1^^ 9 4ti u ■*ti 66 ■4 ii 66 22 23 36 (jS 87-40 67 I 00 1,197 1,211 545 532 307 34!l 781 — 052 089 174 173 mm. mm. mm. mm. > mm. mm. 1,5(13 1,510 1,5111) l,i;30 1,5(15 l,l!tH 1,503 l,,-,54 1,033 1,703 1,582 1,555 1,279 I _ j _ I - ] - - 1,219 ; 1,228 1,298 1,321 ' 1,219 1,197 555 ' 5,'(7 578 (KM 513 52K 307 332 308 370 302 , 280 — 811 S07 mm. mm. mm. 1, 5118 1,5M| 1,179 1,555 1,051 1,582 l,;i33 — : — 1,270 1,2!>4 571 1,194 590 511 31!) 332 800 i 778 001 041 720 713 , 076 , 009 I 090 098 I 083 184 188 I 176 ' 180 i 170 1.50 136 ! 147 , 151 119 113 I 136 I 126 140 110 133 j 134 120 119 I 116 114 40 70 72 74 72 — 48 48 00!l 101-5 63-t : 441 03-3 081 \- ■ 7S-2 SI -5 'j 7-.'-3 Kl-O 1 80 4 H-J-2 50-7 49-3 . 4!)0 07-3 110 167 115 127 140 138 122 117 80 75 63 52 80 33 83-0 84-9 s-^-l CpS-ii X7-1 Kl-8 57 1 B4-3 500 03-5 101-7 102- 52-5 — 43-9 44-7 t lOOO 44-2 102-3 54-5 46-3 104-1 53-2 43-0 105-1 65-7 440 103-8 64 44-7 0O4 992 101-2 1(17-0 36-5 54-3 52-0 44-4 ; 44-0 I 401 i."^: ' ' ] "^ i ' ' ON THE NOUTII-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 31 of observations great variations become more probable, and smaller ones consequently less probable. Or tbe same fact may bo expressed in this \viiy:~the limits of variation are probably tlie wider, the greater the series of observations. Therefore the curve computed from a long series is by no means the same, not even theoretically, as that computed from a shorter series. V. 00 i^ I o CI — I 1-- c; t- o; o ?s i - I- I - I « !?! .. I ■-H t-H (M ro -^ —' « tM .- 4J «5 -j; O) ri .— ( cc OO C^ p"—. c ;! — ^ .H -^ •i l~ 1 C 1 1-H (N iM 1 rH i M -H 1 fC CM 1 (N 1—4 - i-H IM a o 1-. O ■5 a _rt PS o o '2 6 o o ^ 2 i^ o 2 £^ 1 ffi h>^ a1 ::? W 'A ^ » ci uj a: o r-4 I OD I M i i 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! i 1 1 1 t ! - 1 - 1 - 1 1 i ! 1 1 - - i :r! G^» ^1 1 ^ ^ 1 (M - 1 « 1 1 - - 1 " 1 1 1 ! - - 1 (M .M • ci kJ c rtS f#,' cr rt tt M J3 o c c a a £3 t-i 0) :?: c :^ .0 -i i^ 32 RErORT — 1891. ■I ;5 t-c CO —itOCQ US I I- I I I I MM I I I I 1 I I- M l« M M I r-> CIS .1 -H r-l -((I I eq iM«o I I I M -< 1-" -^ cc "— ' ir^ i-< 1-4 tM »fS -^ 1^ I --1 X -I N ©< I I •*t-l IN 10 (N — ( -S-^-KN \ ■^ 00 |n M *,-, 1 » t (M 00 eous 1 1 «^ 1 tOr- C^ 01 1^ c- 1 - 1 1 N —' (N ^ M M I M I I M M- M« I I I I 1^ I I I "^ *"* I I 3 •^' M M M . ^ I (M -H m(? H 3 a 1 ■E <4 > 1 i H a . .a-g° I '^ ^ •c •^3 3 so*: 5 f. m ^•lc.2- c .5 ~ 5; a s .^■5 £ S 5zimtK!So!«co o (s 0> *< o II 1 M Mill II 1 1 1 II 1 II Mill --MM 1 II M 1 1-* 1 1 fH --MM M i !« MM'' 1 I!-- 1 W 1 1 IN^ 1 iNi-H 1 W »— ( 1-H f— 1 1 *-* Mill Mill •-» Wr-f 1 1 1 cH r-t [ 1 1 rH r-t 1 1 Mill Mill Mill Mill • • • 9 2 S II aa a t* /. o ON THE NORTH-WESTEHN tribes of CANADA. 33 u. en V l> ^ B 3 =5 I— ( S 2 be O J •C . fe c^ C ». >- H I S is M ?. .s I I g ^ or:d u ^ ^ ° P ii ^^ y, m ta K ■^ !^ 'A O ^ in C • rH c )-l o ■♦J o 'A 19 o> o sq k- iM ^ I IM 1—1 1— 1 «•! (M C i) hr a M (U ^ § M H s a o en a o 1 o u a K i:f J^ O 34 REPORT — 1891. Finger-reach of ]\[ale/f. •; r Per cent. Tribes Numtier of Uiisos 1 fli) 100 101 102 1 103 104 105 6 106 2 107 1 108 1 109 1 no 111 112 113 Northern trihos mid __ 1 1 1 13 Vnncouver Islainl Hilimla — — 1 1 2 2 5 1 6 4 2 1 1 25 VriisiT Rivor — 1 — ■ — 1 — 1 — 1 — _ — — . :t lliirrisoii T.nko . — ' — — 2 1 4 2 _ .. !) WilsllMI'jton _ — 3 1 1 1 — — . .-.. G Cdluinbiiin.s ■ — 1 4 1 o ^_ __ . H XiirtluTii (>rPsroii — 1 — 1 1 1 2 1 . 7 OreRoiiiiiii Tiii.i>'ti - - 3 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 „_ 17 Cros-scs botwt'cn Ore .-_ — — 3 — . — 2 — 1 — — G KDiiiaii Tiiinoli iiiu i Ciiltfoniiiuis NortliuniCiiliforiiiiuis — - ' — 2 1 1 — 1 — — — — — — fi Finger '•reach Of Femnl P.9. Per cent. Tribes Xiimhev of (jllSCS 99 100 101 102 103 104 106 i IOC 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 "Bilqnla Ilarrisdn Lake . Wiisliintrtdii Northorn On'.'ou OrcKiinian Tiiiiiuli 1 1 ^ 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — G 7 n I Height, silting, of Males. I'er cent. Tribes NiiinliiM (if Case- 50 51 52 03 54 55 56 57 58 59 Niirtlioni tribes ivml Viiiu'oiiVfr Islaiiil . 1-4 3 4 __ __ 12 Hiliiulii .... 114 9 5 2 3 — -_. ■ 25 Frasor Rivor , — — — - 3 - — — ■ — — 3 Harrison Lake . - — 2 .5 -- 1 — — — — 8 Wrisliiiiptou — — 1 1 1 2 2 — — — 1 C'oluiiihiaiis — — 2 2 3 2 — — — — 9 Northern Orcf,'on — — . - — 2 4 1 — - — 7 Orofionian Tiniich — — — r> 4 2 — 1 — 18 Crosses between Ort'Konian Tii neli and Cali- — — 1 3 — 1 1 ■- — G foriiiims Northern Ualifornians — 2 1 3 1 "' ~ 7 J Tribea TIeighf, sifting, of Females. Bilqnla Harrison I^iike . VVasliiiiKton Nortliern OreRon Urei 3 G _ 7 _ n - •^ - 9 ! [ (if Case-' ) ~- 12 25 3 8 t 9 7 18 G 7 NmiiluT of Cii>fs ON THE NOllTII-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. Length of arm of Males. 35 Tribes Per cent. 41 42 I 43 44 Uhuul Nortliorn tribes iiiid Yimcmivoi' Biliinla .... I'Yiisor River Ifai'viaoii I.iike . Washington Columbians Nortliera Oropon OrcKonian Tiniieli Crosses between Orutrnnian Tinueli ati.l Califor nians Nortliern Californians . . . . . 2 1 1 2 2 i 3 2 1 1 45 48 47 48 i 49 Niimlwr of Cases 2 1 3 8 3 3 8 1 10 G 1 — 1 , 2 2 1 4 1 1 . 3 1 1 1 \\z 1 — 15 25 3 9 G 9 7 — G 2 i — — Length of arm of Fe inal es. Per cent. Tribes Nmnlier 41 1 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 of Ciusia IJilqula .... Harrison Lake . \V:usliinf,'ton Xortliern Oregon Orcgouian Tinueh 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 6 1 ' 1 3 ~ 2 - 1 - 1 _ 5 7 G 4 9 We will direct onr attention to the maximum of frequency in each of these series. It will then appear that in several of the gronps two maxima occur, or are, at least, indicated. The principal maximum in each series is indicated by bold type. Trilies Tsiaml Nortl'.orn tribes ami Vaneonvcr Itilijiila .... Frascr li'ver Harrison Lake . \V'as]iin}j:tou (joluniliiaiis Xortlii'ni On'wnians Ori'i^'oniaii Tiiini'ii Crossus betweoii Tinneli ami Norlliern Californians Nortliern Calit'ornians .... Stature in cm. abuiU. 14G i:)ii-bi5 l.„s-i(;3 156-164 166- 72 162-1G6 10S-1U2 ino- 170 about 163 about 161 lfiii-170 17:i-177 Tribes Coplialio Inilex Nnrtborn tribes ami Vaiioouver Island Itiliiiila I'raser River Harrison Lake Washinffton ! 80-82 Columbians Nortliern ()refr! OK CANADA. a? dual, as we might express it, is a mechanical mixture of the features of the parent types. He may have the face of a Tinneh, and the stature or head of a Coast Indian, and vice versa. This important fact also tallies exactly with Ammon's conclusions on the blonde and bruv\ette population of Baden, and confirms the views which KoUmann expressed in 1883. (' Archiv fur Anthropologie,' xiii. 79, 179 ; xiv. 1.) The fact that these conclusions have been arrived at independently on entirely independent material seems to give them great strength. When we turn to a consideration of the Oregonian Tinneh, we shall find the same phenomena, although apparently somewhat obscured. Instead of two distinct maxima, we find here a great number of cases distributed equally over a long interval. The next northern group diflers but little from the Tinneh, but their southern neighbours show quite a marked contrast, particularly regarding their cephalic index. If we assume the Oregonian Tinneh to be a mixture of the two, and keep the fact in mind that no middle forms originate, the form of the curve explains itself easily. In looking at the crosses between the two groups, their distribution according to the maxima of the two component groups is brought out most strikingly, notwithstanding the small number of cases. In order to ascertain in how far these assumptions are justified, we will subdivide the material in a ditferent way. If the Oregonian Tinneh contain a Califomian element, we may assume that it is more prevalent in the south than in the north. B^or this reason we will arrange the material in the following groups : South of Rogue River, North of Rogue River, and crosses between the two. We will compare preliminarily the measui-ements from Northern Oregon with those of the group north of Rogue River. i i TrilifS Niiitti of Rotriic Tlivfr N. rllitTii OiL'j-'im ( VpJ alio Ir 'Ihx • 75 76 : 77 78 7!) 80 81 82 83 84 86 86 87 1 88 ! 8!) 00 1 _ I 4 1 4 3 5 4 1 - 2 1 — — 1 — — — 2 1 1 1 -I- 1 Statare. a of a forms )y Dr. ,' &c., ry tho irgone jution which in all ndivi- Ti-ilic? N'nrtli of lliiK'K' liiver .Niiitliorii OroL'on i 132, 153 154, 165 15(i, 167 168, 159 160, 161 2 1 162, 163 164, 165 16G, 167 168, 16» 2 1 2 1 — 3 2 2 2 It appears that the two groups are quite homogeneous, so that we may be allowed to combine them. Thus we obtain the following table :— "Cephalic Index, Tribes 75 ' 76 South of HoKiieRivor — ! - Cnissi's . . . — I 1 Nortli lit E<'KUfi Kivrr 1 : - 78 ' 79 3 I 4 1 I -- 1 : - 80 ' 81 ! 82 : 83 I 84 85 , 86 i 87 I 88 | 89 7 14 3 1 — 1 i-l 1 I 1 1 I 4 ! 1 1 6 2 3 — 4 ! 6 I 4 I 3 90 91 •-S i ( 38 REPORT — 1891. Sfaf lire. ] 1 V Tribes Soiitli of Rogue River Crosses . Nortli of Ilogue River 152, 153 164, 155 15C, 167 158, 159 160, 161 162, 163 164, 165 166, 167 168,169 170, 17l! 1 — 1 2 — 3 3 4 2 1 — a 1 1 3 3 — 6 — ■ 1 1 4 - i It appears from these tables, particularly from that of the cephalic indices, that the individuals south of Rogue River are similar to the Northern Californians. But wu also recognise distinctly in the series the secondary maximum belonging to the Oregonian Tinneh. In the same way we see that the tribes north of Rogue River are much more homo- geneous, but recognise a secondary maximum corresponding to the Northern Californians. The table brings out exactly what might be expected : a greater admixture of Californian blood in the south than in the north. It is also important to note that the crosses in all these cases appear more variable than the individual races. This is what must take place if the crosses contain both the component types, and are not arranged around a middle type. The measurements, in the two groupings discussed above, give the following ranges of variation : — Tribes Oregonian Tinneh Crosses .... Northern Californians . North of Rogue River . Crosses .... South of Rogue River . Kaiifjp of Ce|>lialic Index Number of Cases l{»ti,ue of Stature Number of Ca>e8 17 C7 1 ^0 19 13 6 ! 7 (> 6 8 7 6 16 34 7 18 16 13 10 3 i ^^ 30 7 15 If the crosses and the component groups were equally variable, we ought to expect much narrower limits of variation among the former, as they embrace only a few individuals; while actually their ranges of variation equal or exceed those of the purer tribes. I believe all these points, taken in connection with the results of Dr. von Luschan and O. Ammon, prove beyond a doubt the fact that in a mixture of tribes the component types remain unaltered. The tables of finger-reach, height (sitting), len-i^th of arm, do not bring out these relations, because their ranges are almost the same among all the tribes, and therefore intermixture cannot be detected in the com- pound tribe. We will try to explain the observations based on these considerations. Among the Bilqula, in Washington, and throughout Oregon, we find a type present of a stature, ranging from 166 to 172 cm., with a cephalic index of from 84 to 87, and a facial index of from 83 to 86. Among the Bilqula, and in Oregon, this is the prevailing type, while in Washington ON TUB NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 39 it 18 of secondary importance. In all these regions Tinneh are the main mass of the population. They were present in Washington, and form a considerable element among the Bilqula. Therefore it must be assumed that this type represents the Tinneh of the Pacific Coast. We do not know nauch on the physical characteristics of the Tinneh east of the mountains. But according to Petitot they are tall (' Dictionnairo do la langue Dene-Dindje,' p. xxi). Quatrefages and Hamy (' Crania Ethnica,' p. 470) mention seven skulls of Tinneh, and find them to be brachy- cephalic. Both these facts tally with what we found on tlie Pacific Coast. I had occasion to question a number of former officers of the Hudson Bay Company regarding the general appearance of the Tinneh of the interior of British Columbia, and of the Mackenzie Basin, Accord- ing to thoir descriptions, they resemble the tribes of the North-West Coast much more closely than the Algonquin. The complete absence of dolichocephali — at least according to the present state of our knowledge — distinguishes the Tinneh most clearly from the eastern groups of Americans, the Algonquin and Iroquois, as well as the eastern and central Eskimo, so that I am inclined to class them as one of the Pacific peoples. This view is supported by linguistic and ethnological evidence, which, however, it is not the place to discuss here (see ' Journal of American Folk- Lore, vol. iv. p. 13, ff".). It is worth mentioning that the Tlingit of Alaska, who have intercourse with the Tinneh, appear also to be taller and more brachycephalic. The tribes of the northern parts of the coast of British Columbia appear to be of shorter stature, ranging from 159 to 162 cm., and have much more elongated heads. They are raesocephalic, the index ranging from ^"1 to 81. We find the same type present, although to a lesser degree, in Washington and on Fraser River, as well a^ among the Bilqula. It appears to be absent in Oregon, but, remarkr.bly enough, reappears as we approach California. Still farther south b.*ue dolicho- cephali appear. I cannot discover any difference of type between the northern tribes and those of Vancouver Island. This conclusion, drawn from measurements of living subjects, is confirmed by measurements of skulls from this region. I published in the 'Verb, der Berliner Ges. f Ethn.,' 1890, p. 30, measurements of a series of ten undeformed cania from Vancouver Island. All of them were obtained from a burial ground near Victoria, and belong, therefore, probably to the LkufigLn tribe. I reproduce the cephalic and facial indices here for comparison. Besides these. No. III. of the Songish crania, described on p. 17 of the Fifth Report of the Com- mittee, may be made use of. To these may be added a skull described by Flower (' Catalogue of the Specimens illustrating the Osteology,' &c., in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, p, 148), which belongs to the West Coast of Vancouver Island, and another from the head of Alberni Channel, from the Museum of the Geological Survey of Canada. Furthermore, I add a series of measurements of slightly deformed crania from various parts of Vancouver Island from my own collection ; the Tsimshian skulls, described on p. 16 of the ^ifth Report; three Tsim- sliian skulls described by Barnard Davis, and another, described by the same author as a ' round head,* from Vancouver Island (* Thesaurus Craniorum,' p. I:i29). Finally, I add a Haida cranium, which I measured in the Provincial Museum of Victoria, The numbers given here are those of the catalogues of the various collections. 40 UEPOllT — 18i)U M ] K LkuAgKii crania 76-4 79-9 2rf 77-7 8,? 80-1 86-6 '14 95 1 77-0 98-6 5 V 8 II II II ,1 t> 35, 1, 12. 32. 5| II •I -ks read — k's. dialect read dialect h. tvahd'k read woM'k. hisoitlaklatah read hiscitlak'tlatah. k aqssapd' minic read kaqsapd'minio. < % 3, last table, instead of hisol'anitic read hiseianitic. 58, instead of mdptoqsath read mdj/taqsath. 31, ,. bush read beach. 53, „ t'd't'Oa read t'O'fOa. 6, below table, instead of iinvtl read nmUl. 6, instead of (n)e-(E)c read (n)e-(E)tc. 11, 48, 6, 23, 7, 29, k-'Jiik'eietltBN read k-'a'ik-'eietltBN. koto't read kolo't. tiksd'ha read tiksd'la. antsd'wa read ntsd'wa. sqd'qod read sqd!qaa. si'i>Kntsa read sl'sKntsa. 143, column mother, dialect 15, instead o/skeqedfi'a 145, 145, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 149, 151. 152, face, head, nose, body, finger, blood, bow, stai', sea, valley, 3, 16, 13, 15, 12, 2, 3, 3. 3, 7. skeqedfi'a read sk^Qf-dza'a. ts'al 1, Is'al. — k'en ,f kVn. nK'ksEn 1, fiK'ksKn. niEa'tc >, niEZa'tc. snE'qtsE- ,* snE'qtsiis. ga'i »» ga'i. haukta'k" It haukta'k'. p'ia'ls ,, piiVls, man ,. man '. nufK'l It nutl'E'l {gorge) ifud'rlifi, r.e..,e„:;:::::™"™-"'-.. " liJo. i>;.j •• i. fi.-. ,:, " Kilt. 43 154, ir,-), IT)-,, ir.r), 1 "jo, I ")((, ir>,s, l)ird, fish. f^' I'oner, lie, dead, near, SIX, to kill, to lie down,',' 1. 15, 17, 1. ir>, 2, 6, ir,, J), 18, tl'"'.li'qat6' spKO'rt kilk.qu'lQ ts'^vi'fjate q Ko'in fliaknya' he r>'uk- dje'e'djimit t'aciUfiiu'o uk-.s ■ak-qka J follow- DawHon. t'fidi'qate '. spRZO'zo. •^■'ik-qu'lQ. ts'<^yi'(|at6. qKZo'jn. dakuya'. hot. Zo'iik-. '|.ii<':Vljimit, tacjamiu'e Zfiks. fe"a'k(jka. nta read jte read tead of lumam- i % 'e). ■ Bfoi-i'isivooiiii; '»>'••> CO., .VK\V-,STI(Ri,: I'UMJO.V •' «QC.\Rft